davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1944-01-16
Sofiu and Berlin

Ihere is grim parallel between
the aerial bombings of the Bull
garian and German capitals The
mass raids upon Sofia, which began
last Monday, follow the same me-
thodical pattern of total demolition
as those upon Berlin. and the task
is easier, because the Bulgarian tar
get is smaller and less well defended
by fighter planes and antiaircraft
installations. All accounts agree
that the destruction and attendant
loss of life are catastrophe. Sofia
does not seem to have had many
afraid shelters, so the population
was exposed to the full fury of the
bombardment. The Hungarian and
Japanese Ministers are reported
killed in the ruins of their Legations.
Travellers who escaped to Turkey
state that two more bombings on
the same scale as those of last week
will wipe Sofia off the map"
Nevertheless, the parallel should
not be pressed too far, because the
two cities are dissimilar in most re-
spects. Berlin is great metropolis
With a population approaching
4,500,000 and is huge industrial
center besides being the political
and administrative heart of first
class power. Sofia is the capital of
a small country, mostly agricultural
and economically backward. It's
population is less than 100000, and
there is no other town in the land
with even 100000 inhabitants. Stra-
logically. Sofas Importance is due
to its being major link in the
trunk railroad which runs from
Central Europe to Istanbul. Except
for second-rate arsenal, there are
few war or industrial plants of any
significance
From this the logical inference is
that the destruction of Sofia was
motivated largely by political con-
SiderationS. AS in other Balkan
countries, Bulgarias political life is
effectively restricted to a relatively
small educated upper and middle
class. centering in the capital. The
rural masses, consisting of sturdy
but culturally backward peasants,
who are mainly small landowners,
do not ordinarily exercise much
direct influence on the course of
events. To the average Bulgarian
peasant the bombing of Sofia will
thus mean less than that of Berlin
to the average German. But, for
the residents of Sofia itself, the
destruction of their capital must
come as an irreparable disaster,
since there are no alternative seats
OF residence, professional activity
and culture. The shattering effects
upon their morale may thus be pro-
portionately intense.
The progressive obliteration of
Sofia is dire warning OF the mis-
fortunes incurred by Bulgaria,s adj
Evening star., 1944-01-16
Pripet Marshes

The whole of Poland is a plain.
Once upon time, thousands of
years ago perhaps, the declivity now
known as the Pripet Marshes may
have accommodated lake left by
receding glacier. In any case the
area gradually has been filling up
for scores of centuries. The ground
slopes to the east, and the Pripet
River and its tributaries
Stokhod, Styr, Horyn and Stwiga-
actually belong to the Dnieper
system Canals connect some Sec
tions with the Niemen and the Bug,
but the principal waterways unques-
tionably are "slanted" by nature
toward Russia.
That also is true of rail communi-
cations. The main line from Brest-
Litovsk to Gomel passes through
Pinsk, Luniniec and Mokroc. Trav-
elers to Warsaw before the war, if
not since its start, changed cars at
Kleszczele to the north or Lukow or
Deblin in the south. Motor roads
are few and primitive. A program
for network of paved highways
was devised but never put into effect,
probably because of political difficult
ties. The traditional view of many
statesmen, not all of them Polish,
was that the Pripet Marshes form
the effective barrier between Russia
and peninsular Europe" For stra-
tegic reasons, then, it was considered
wise to leave the great lowlands"
undeveloped.
Russian engineers, however, had
planned reclamation scheme
which was intended to make feasible
the economic exploitation of the
Pripet basin. Much valuable timber
exists in the marshlands, and there
likewise are rich deposits of peat.
The cost Of tapping these resources
admittedly would be out of proper
ton to the profit which they would
Evening star., 1944-01-16

passage OF 5000 years, every Chinese
officer was required to memorlze the
maxlms. "''
Thus it is shown that centuries before
Homer war already was waged according
to fixed rules, and even In preanclent
times strategy was an art and the arts'
OF war taught. Napoleon recommended
a study of those arts-and many OF the
Corsican's sayings may be traced back
through the ages to Chinese Warrior
Loutao and others of his breed. The
War Maxims of Gen. Loutao" were
translated into English from a German
edition by First 1t. Walter Kreuger,
born in Germany graduate Of the Gen.
eral Staff College Army War College,
Navy War College, who was promoted
through the grades to major general on
February /, 1899. He has translated and
published . series OF important books
on the war game and military tactics. ..'
Evening star., 1944-01-16
Praying in Time Of War
By the Reu. W. r. Mansel, tn. M,
Minister, Central Presbyterian Church.

In an old theological volume the
table Of contents begins like this:
Chapter I. He'll; Chapter II, Hell,
continued" Two world wars in one
lifetime, he'll and hell continued,
are a strain. not simply on personal
stamina, but on ones confidence in
the whole realm of Christian faith
and ethics. For there are those to-
day, who, in spirit of acquiescence
or of defiance, declare that the Chris
.tian faith appears dreadfully irrel-
evant to the appalling facts that face
the world now.
But I cannot avoid agreeing with
the noted sociologist Of our day who
recently has written: I'VE must have
Christian world, the fabric OF which
is built on moral precepts Of justice
and righteousness, or we shall ever
have social chaos" II we can have
such q feeling today, we should be
able to maintain, even amid the
present terrific world events, an un-
defeated Christian morale. If we are
to do this, however, we must renew
our loyalty unto Him who alone is
worthy Of being called the Lord of
human life. In making such re-
newal, we should begin by becoming
a praying people, not merely in
conviction of heart but also in prac-
tice of life. Not one of us really
will doubt that fervent, effectual
praying on the part Of Gods people
still is sorely needed. Yet there is
a vast. difference between our merely
giving intellectual assent to 1t and
our practicing it.
And so the first suggestion which
have to offer regarding our praying
in times Of war, as we seek to main
tain our Christian morale and to be
used for a righteous purpose, is
simply that we pray more frequently
and more fervently than we have
been accustomed to do
Then, too, we should approach the
divine throne of Christ in humility
and penitence.
More people will pray in the days
that are ahead than have prayed
for the past rs years or since the
last war When Solomon prayed
for the blessing of God upon the
people, God reminded the King that
there were certain conditions which
the people must meet. before he
could grant their request, regardless
of how urgent their needs might
be- or of how severe the crisis which
surrounded them. Here is what God
said: IF my people, which are called
Evening star., 1944-01-16
SUNDAY, January 16, 1914
Welcome Opportunity

chairman van NuyS' appointment
OF a subcommittee OF the Senate
Judiciary Committee to hold hear
ings on the -Capper resolu-
ton should provide a welcome op-
portunity for Washingtonians to
meet some of the objections
to national representation expressed
by a subcommittee report after
hearings in 194l.
Chief among these was the fear
that national representation for the
District would be tatamount to
statehood, Transforming the Dis
tr1ct into "super-State with all
its attendant possibilities for con-
fusion with the Federal Govern
ment." This fear of Statehood"
for the District may have been given
emphasis by provision of the Joint
resolution then under consideration
which would have conferred on Con-
gress the power "to delegate to such
government as Congress may estab-
lish Tin the DISTRICT all or any of
Its power over said District"
The question is not whether such
fears are groundless, as the advo-
Gates OF national representation
have contended. The question is
whether they can be removed. as
they must be. For the people of
the District are not seeking the
rights of statehood 1t would be
most difficult to support any argu-
ment for even modified form of
statehood in the District, where the
legislative control of Congress-act-
ing for the Nation-is and should
remain supreme.
The people of the District want
and they grievously need the right
to be represented in their govern
ment, which is the Government of
the United States. This right would
not confer on them the powers of
statehood, nor give to the District
a status even comparable with that
OF a sovereign state. But to remove
the suggestion that it might even
tend in that direction, Representa-
tive Summers of Texas modified the
terms OF the previous resolution, on
which hearings were held in 1941.
and Senator Capper sponsored the
modified proposal in the Senate.
1t is now reduced to simple decla-
ration that Congress shall have the
power to provide that there shall
be in the Congress and among the
electors of President and Vice Presi-
dent members elected" by the people
OF the District. And Congress may
revoke any rights in this direction
1t might grant.
That is the proposal and if it
does not of itself negative the con-
fusing thought of statehood. the
hearings will provide an opportunity
for discussion of a point which. in
l94l, was largely neglected in testi-
mony under the mistaken impress
sion that it was no longer debatable.
Evening star., 1944-01-16

hesion to the Axis and It's declara-
ton OF war against the western
powers, whose bombers have admin
istered the punishment. It should
be remembered that Bulgaria has
never declared war against the,
Soviet Union, with whom diplomatic
relations have been maintained.
The traditional friendship with
Russia as Bulgarias liberator from
Turkey is strong in the hearts OF
most Bulgarians. In their extrem-
ity, 1t is to Moscow that this dis
illusioned people may now turn as
possible intermediary between
them and their enemies,
Evening star., 1944-01-16

Yield Immediately. What really has
been wanted most has been 4 con-
structive policy Of colonization. The
Pripet country lacks people. It
never has been subjected to human
discipline. Present events conceiv-.
ably may have the effect OF bringing
that about.
Evening star., 1944-01-16

The average American, taking in
the whole 14o,ooo,OOo of us, prob
ably could not even climb a three
thousand-foot peak. let alone help
capture it from tough foe. as our
determined doughboys are doing
over In Italy. But if you cannot
scale a peak. you can at least buy a
bond.
Evening star., 1944-01-16

Because coal and diamonds are
both forms Of carbon, coal has been
referred to as black diamonds. It
is now so precious that it would not
be out Of order to designate the dia-
mond as white coal.
Evening star., 1944-01-16

1t looks as though King Victor
Emmanuel is on his way out. He
never dreamed, when he kicked Halle
Selassie's throne from under that
helpless monarch, that he was at
the same time sabotaging his own
kingly and imperial seat.
Evening star., 1944-01-16

Were Simon Bolivar alive today it
Is almost certain that he would dis
approve OF the way his namesake-
country is acting.
Evening star., 1944-01-16
Ny, Yes!

From the Topeka Capital.
II Mr.. Roosevelt is tired Of the New
Deal, think Of how other folks feel
about 1t.
Evening star., 1944-01-16

Thus far there Is no record of any
WAVE" with Marcel for either a
hrst or last name.
Evening star., 1944-04-03
FOUND.

DOBERMAN PINSCHER, found Sunday.
owner identify. 136 Rhode Island aVe.
NV.
Evening star., 1944-04-03

State makes the action of the party
the action of the State"
With seeming reference to JUS
tice Roberts dissent the court
added:
"In reaching this conclusion we
are not unmindful of the desir-
ability Of continuity of decision in
constitutional questions. However,
when conviced of former error, this
court has never felt constrained to
follow precedent"
Roberts Is concerned"
In dissenting, Justice Roberts re-
called the 16-year history of the
litigation concerning the right Of
Negroes in Texas to participate in
the Democratic white primary, con-
cluding with the 1885 decision then
said:
II believe it will not be gainsaid
the case Gin 1885 received the at
tention and consideration which the
questions involved demanded and
the opinion represented the views
OF all the justices. 1t appears that
these views do not now commend
themselves to the court. I shall not
restate them. They are exposed in
the opinion and must stand or fall
on their merits. Their soundness,
however, IS not a matter which pres
emily concerns me.
"The reason for my concern is
that the instant decision, oyerrulinp
Evening star., 1944-04-03
New Shostakovich
Symphony Lauded
BY the Associated Press.

Ey the Associated Press.
NEW YORK, April 3.-The long
awaited Western Hemisphere pre-
miere of Dmitri Shostakovichs
Eighth Symphony" was received
with an ovation by a capacity audi
ence at Carnegie Hall yesterday.
The new work, which ran 81 min
utes, was played by the New York
Philharmonic Symphony Society un-
der the baton of Artur Rodzinski.
The performance was broadcast by
the Columbia Broadcasting System,
which obtained rights to the pre-
miere in this hemisphere in 1912.
There was a brief interruption, in
which Maj. Gen. Charles M. Wes-
son, in charge of Russian lease lend
in Washington, was heard in short
apostrophe to Russian bravery and
international cooperation. A cable
gram of greeting from Mr.. Shosta-
kovich was read.
The new symphony begins with, q
long adagio-28 minutes long. There
follows a brief movement entitled
march. perhaps facetiously, mas
much as it is by no means standard
march. The last three of the five
movements are played without in
termission and they ran just one
minute longer than the first move
ment alone.
Nearly every musical device Is
used in the work and there are sug-
gestions OF many popular compos-
ers. There was a good deal OF
Shostakovich as well, especially in
the more brusque sections. Most
of the listeners seemed totfeel the
new symphony was an advance on
the seventh.
Evening star., 1944-04-03

that announced about nine years
ago, tends to bring adjudication of
this tribunal into the same class as
"a restrictive railroad ticket good for
this day and train only. I have no
assurance, in view Of current deci-
sions, that the opinion announced
today may now shortly be repudi-
ated and overruled by justices who
deem they have new light on the
subject"
Recalling that three decisions have
been overruled in the present term
of court, Justice Roberts said that
the law In Texas is just the same
today as 1t was nine years ago and
that there is no fact which distin-
guishes the case decided today from
that before the court then except
the names of the litigants.
He said that the situation as be-
tween the election laws of Texas
and Louisiana also were different in
that in the latter State the primary
is a State matter while under Texas
statutes a primary is party elec-
ton.
Evening star., 1944-04-03
Supreme Court
Continued From First Page. J

abridged by any State on account
Of race. Under our Constitution,
the great privilege of choosing his
rulers may not be denied a man by
the State because of his color"
Justice Reeds Reasoning.
In sketching the background of
the Texas election laws, Justice
Reed pointed out that the State
Supreme Court had held that the
State convention of a political party
has the right to determine the
membership of the party and to fix
its policy. In May, 1882, a Demo-
cratic State convention held that
"all white citizens" of the States
otherwise qualified to vote are eligi.
BILE for membership in the Demo-
cratic party.
1T was by virtue of this resolu-
ton that the respondents refused
to permit the petitioner (Smith) to
vote," Justice Reed said. ct was
this action Of the convention that
the 1885 decision upheld)
Texas is free to conduct her
elections and limit her electorate as
she may deem wise, save only as
her action may be affected by the
prohibitions of the United States
Constitution or in conflict with
powers delegated to and exercised
by the National Government" the
court continued, adding that the
14th amendment forbids a State
from making or enforcing any law
which abridges the privileges or i'm
munities of citizens of the United
States and that the 18th amendment
interdicts any denial or abridge-
ment Of the rights of citizens to vote
on account of color.
The defendants in the suit, 1t
added, contended to the contrary
that primaries are politi9l party
Evening star., 1944-04-03
lndiun Industry Busy

More than 207,000,0o0 garmentsI
and parachutes have been produced
in India since the United States
entered the war.
Evening star., 1944-04-03
LOST RATION COUPONS.

"a" GAS RATION BOOK. issued to James
Temple, 1404 Oslethorpe st. NV. RA 4286.
&C" GASOLINE RATION BOOK. issued to
Henry Noll. 12II Gallatin st. NV.
Ross, 6510 Wisconsin ave. NV. Call o.
GAS RATION BOOK a., issued to Mrs. W.
e. e. Harris 1bsg7 aSo7 Tuckerman ST.. Riverdale.
GAS RATIoS BOOK a. issued to Aimee
Rsyer; HI sas 5s5o2 Grove st.. Chevy Chase Nd.
RATION BOOK No. 4, issued to Mary X.
md eSke' pbane at@ wa wAucksrman ssrT ST. Riverdale
RATION BOOK NO. s, issued to Daniel
Sheehan. 4204 Russell ave, Mt. Rainier,
y Md Phone Union 5l49.
hAIIoN BOOKS NO; $ AND 4, issued edo; to
Marion i. Cotton. John C. Cotton, John
SSo5ton' SS5sn' sll Greenwood ave. TAX PIX. SH
RATION BOOK NO. 3, issued to Carl F.
Meoer; Ma sH sa91 I1a7 Walden rd'' Silver Spring.
WAR RATfoN BOOKS a." "s," a." is
sued ,o to Charles zirkie and Lille P. zirtie
or 2020 14th st. Sc. Also two S26 War
bonds: II. 1896.
Evening star., 1944-04-03
LOST.

BAG. nsAG, ladys, lost in NV: section. evening
and gloves. Reward: Please return to
E M so6 Bellows, 1911 10th ST. NV. Phone
BIRD Doc, pointer, white with brown
Sposs; R1t tGx EsXspd sT'ppa CT; CR. So. s5sI; 60,
y,a vicinity q Military I'd. and 3Ist st. Cali
BRAcELTT, platinum, So basuette dia-
gard Sall r. R. Runkles. NE. O316. or
license issued % Anna Marie 1 n stahl. iran and
social security card. Reward. Return
GRANGE G p 'Pf'UfkssE, fs yellow, containing about
$25; between Reno I'd: and Conn. ave- and
cgINEst cH5tsEF st ,EnE ReTaTS PIN Wo US 2s6s
COAT. black Persian lamb: night OF. March
70, vicinity Union Station. Reward. Call
ooLLI PUPPY. tag No. ases1, named
white SPOT in tall. feet White. Reward.
5IAMoSp PIN, shaped like pansz with
Cathedral and Conn. ave, Sunday morn
pfAMoSD M RfSG. G$'ni With asSar0 eentsr stone and
cut cut ruby, with chip diamond on either side,
BessD BSG Slssk sscs tan sno feet resembles small
Saturday night. Reward. i' Cali al Atlantic
EYEGLASSES. Reward. wo. esss.
FOUNTAIN Pen. shaeffer. at Arcade Mkt
Murphy's or Woolworth's. on I4th ST., OF
fsUp S1 e pfS ss ssSfTd cs dE s2S
SbEx eAR1ss, exf wfitten Ga IN ME spansh Saoh in
sISSb sso bodS 5SpideF eoneerntng beck tacundo
aoyf1E T. caMsRA. cii ERA Bell & Hall. 8 mm., No
STSso SsTS ca aro1nd Hnds February or after. Re-
PIN-oold, fan-shaped costume pin, with
vaiae ah or e. L s4ss % IN cH R0ssR osy5
PUPPY. German police. male, 2h month,
9ia; stTayed from 500 Ramsey st.. Aiexan.
WALLET, 5isef 5issfo ziDpeT: T sSnt obtaining drst
SsS %XIRE4 RIshs r.j jEsTs5d Sb sSs .0'' FIJI
ssqTgn turn wallet without money. @ reward. reward. r. r.
WATcH. Harvel, diamond, on Sat eve
WRisT u RT wzfsHd RzfSiTd .o9 ef IS,. S 5sS saS
1pI Chevy Ff chass sSs b LGshFOp
WEST WATCH. lady's. white gold. blacl
or 1900 block Eye st. NV. Reward. Phon, u
WSisa We; sS9o, g. .Aga APt SOC South; r,.
diamond, Generous reward offered, Cal
Is sskfN IsSf p2kkk 2f k9 nlSk Shss ssEckprEcE, lost r
Nv a. Amy one fnding, same call MA. 3l20
LARGE PIN, black with mosaic flowers ir
Tfidsy % SqseSanded Re%ard eg ~ rope band Of gold
Evening star., 1944-04-03
REWARD.

Fur coat, left In taxicab about March
lVr GE. b79o- -'
Evening star., 1944-04-03
Prosecution Asks
Jury 10 Bar Bias
In Chaplin Verdict
By the Associated Press.

6S the Associated PreSs.
LOS ANGELES, April 3.-A YER
dict in accordance with "law and
justice" unswayed by bias or
prejudice, was asked of the jury to-
day in Charles Chaplin's Mann Act
trial by United States Attorney
Charles H. Carr in his closing argu-
ment.
ut is not my function to convince
you that a defendant is guilty of a
crime" he declared. cit is my duty
merely to marshal the facts and
present them to you, that you may
arrive at decision in accordance
with the law"
The actor is charged with trans
porting Joan Berry to New York
and back in 1912 for immoral pur-
poses. He denied the charges.
If I go beyond the bounds of
logic IN my argument, don't let that
swerve you from your duty of ar
irving at verdict based on Justice, !"
MIR. Carr told the jury of seven
women and five men.
He reminded them that each had
sworn that he entered the case with
an open mind, asserting that both
prosecution and defense are. en-
titled to that consideration.
I'VE must keep the jtry function
pure" he declared. THAT is one of
the foundations Of our democracy. )"
The United States attorney then
launched into a discussion of the
prosecution evidence He and Jerry
Giesler, Chaplin's lawyer, have two
and one-half hours argument each.
After Mr.. Carr's opening summa-
ton, Mr.. Giesler will adde's the
jury for his entire period, then Mr..
Carr will use whatever time re-
mains to him for rebuttal.
The case is scheduled to 90 to
the jury tomorrow.
Carr Grows Sarcastic.
Mr.. Carr grew sarcastic when he
referred to Joan's visit to Chaplin's
suite at the Waldorf Astoria in New
York.
HE says she wanted to see the
apartment" Mr.. Carr asserted. "She
says he told her he wanted to talk
with her. Perhaps it was at this
time that the metamorphosis set in
where sex was so unimportant in his
life"
Mr.. Carr was referring to Chap
Inns testimony Friday when, in
answer to question as to the date
Of his last intimacy with Joan, the
defendant said, Sex is not that i'm
|portant in my life"
Mr.. Carr told the jury the ques-
ton for them to decide was, why he
furnished transportation to New
York for Miss Berry.
IT he did it with immoral intent,
then he violated the Mann Act" Mr..
Carr said. IF 1t was not with i'm
moral intent, then he did not violate
the statute"
He recalled the business affairs
of Joan and Chaplin and empha-
sized that her last payroll check
was dated September 26, 1912, prior
to her departure for New York.
Turning to the second count in
the indictment, which charges that
Chaplin caused Joans transporta-
ton back to Beverly Hills, Mr.
Carr said the chief dispute between
Government and defense was why
the actor gave 5000 to his former
prOtegee.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-03-28
RuIlrHif
RAJ

LONDON. March % CUP)
Raj Mosquito bomberS kindled
fires in Germanys industrial Ruhr
valley last night after the 1900
plane American daylight assault
on France yesterday
Essen, site of the great krupp
arms works. still was shoulder
ing from Sunday nights Raj at
tack when The twin-engined Mos
Quitos dropped their blockbusterS
and incendiaries last night. All
returned safely.
More than 9C0 FortresseS and
Liberators, with an escort OF
nearly 1000 fighters, burned and
blasted nine Of Germany'S anti
invasion air bases i'm France yes
teFday The bases iay along a
40O-mlle front from Charities, 45
miles southwest OF Paris. TO Biar-
ritz. 20 miles north OF the Spanish
border. The eight-way railway
Junction OF Tours, between Paris
and the Bay of Biscay. also was
bombed
Although the luftwaffe refused
10 come up IN strength, the Amer
lean formations destroyed AZ
enemy planes at a loss of six l.. S
bomoers and fighters. Fighters
destroyed 3S Of the enemy planes.
with one group shooting up % on
the ground.