davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1944-09-04
Labor Day. 1914

Exactly half a century has passed
since Labor Day first was celebrated
as a national holiday with the con-
sent and approval of Congress. The
custom OF setting apart one date
each year in the name of the work.
ers allegedly began with a proposal
to that effect offered by Peter J.
MCGUIRE, founder of the Carpenters
Union, in 1882. Oregon. it is be-
lieved. in 1887. was the primary
State to take official action in the
matter, but thirty other States soon
agreed to a similar proceeding and
the Federal law was signed by Presi-
dent Cleveland on June %, 1894.
The Star. commenting on the
parade scheduled for September 8
of that year, insisted:
The celebration of the day for the
first time as national holiday ought
to be significant of an approaching
time when, the common interest of
labor and capital being recognized
by both, disagreements between them
will be settled in a friendly spirit
and with view to serving the best
interests of the community in gen.
eral. Labor Day will become indeed
a significant day in the American
calendar If 1t commentaries the
opening of an era when good sense
and justice shall rule in the settle
ment of labor troubles.
After fifty years it cannot be said
that the hopes thus expressed have
been altogether in vain. There are
new conceptions of justice and good
sense in the avoidance of labor dis
putes, some of which have found
their way permanently into the laws
of the land and will no doubt be
perfected as experience in their
practical application reveals weak
nesses subject to remedy. The rec
ord Of war production, marred as it
has been by strikes, is one that in
itself is eloquent testimony of the
ability of labor, management and
capital to pool their resources for
the common good.
The last fifty years have witnessed
a tremendous growth in the strength
Of organized labor, and in the next
fifty years 1t can be hoped that this
increase in stature will be accom-
panied by development OF a new
sense of responsibility; not merely
responsibility by their leaders to the
members of labor organizations in
such matters as accountability for
and wise use of the huge funds ac-
cumulated in union treasures, but
responsibility to the members for
policies which will work to the best
interests of the Nation as whole.
There is need now for less emphasis
on labor as separate class and for
more emphasis on labor as constit-
uent member of the American COM
munity, more dependent on the
healthy progress of the community
as a whole than on gains made at
the expense of the community.
Evening star., 1944-09-04
Letters to The Star
Objects to Franchise in Hands
OF Unqualified Persons

=
To the Editor Of The Star:
must disagree with our progressive
Vice President Wallace on point which
he expounded on one Of his 'nonpoliti-
cal trips to Maine. He advocated suf-
frage for 18-year -olds on the ground
that being old enough to fight qualities
one to cast q vote. Enlistment ages
before the war always were under al: no
one then mentioned juvenile suffrage.
1t is my humble opinion that age is
not so much a qualification for voting
as education Is. There are lot Of al
legged adults voting now who have no
conception Of what they are doing. We
have persons barely able to read or
write going to the polls. How can a
government expect to reach elevated
heights II 1t is controlled by q people
unqualified to do so?
Legislation, think, should be intro
duced to prevent our pseudo-citizens
from voting. OF course, can realize
what stir this would cause among the
country high school graduates and the
urban OATS who experience a certain
glow in casting their ballots for can
didate who possesses a glowing fireside
voice.
To run government great deal Of
training is required; the people appoint
those who are to govern. II the SOW
ereign CD people are not qualified to
vote-then why should they?
am not yet eligible to vote and have
no desire to do so until consider myself
eligible to cast ballot intelligently.
The run-of -the-mill people who now
are voters are much too incapable of
separating propaganda from fact in po-
Ntical issues.
TX. s.
Evening star., 1944-09-04
j. Allied Moves in Balkans
By Mai. Georfe Fieldinr Eliot

ASCtObW& GpOt
have already been withdrawn from
Yugoslavia, and now will almost surely
be withdrawn from Macedonia and
Thrace as well.
It remains to be determined whether
the Germans can defend the line of
the Transylvanian Alps and also the
mountainous region Of the eastern
frontier Of Yugoslavia-the East Wall"
Of the Vardar-Morava valley. They are
having trouble enough now trying to
keep some semblance of a hold upon
the Yugoslav railways and chief CEN
ters, and If to the indomitable Partisans
be added the responsibility of meeting
full-dress Russian attack from the
east, the problem may well be one
which Field Marshal Won Weichs will
lack adequate force to deal with. But
this is not the only danger which
threatens that unfortunate general
1t Is hardly to be supposed that the
British, whose relations with Greece and
Yugoslavia have always been close.
will wish those countries to be liberated
by the Russians single-handed. The
long stay of Prime Minister Churchill
in italy may well have included dis
Cussions of other subjects than the
landings in southern France and the
political relations between the Western
Allies and the new government Of italy.
The Adriatic coast of Yugoslavia and
Albania lies open for Allied enterprises,
difncVlt though the mountainous ter
rain of that coastline may be: even
the Istrian Peninsula and the port Of
Trieste, historic gateway to Austria, are
not outside our calculations in these
days Of the Luftwaffe's decline.
And We must remember that signifi-
cant insistance on the Allied right to
use Bulgarian communications for the
transit Of Allied forces. Bulgaria has
no ports on the Aegean Sea which are
worth very much; but 1t is easy to guess
that with Bulgaria and Rumania out Of
the war, such fears of German reprisals
as the Turkish government may hitherto
have entertained will be allayed.
Hence 1t may well be that the old
Orient route through Istanbul and Sofia
will be opened to Allied troops moving
westward into Yugoslavia, cutting the
German-held railway on which the Ger
man garrisons in Greece depend, and
thus achieving the first step in the lib
Grafton Of the latter country.
1t is In the face Of these imminent
possibilities that We hear that the Ger
mans are evacuattng Greece.
toopvfisht. 1eA4, Nsx Yofk Tribune lns.)
Evening star., 1944-09-04

Army dentists report that many
GI teeth are broken on hard X
ration biscuits. Gag writer's and
comic strip artists specializing on
the indigestibility of brides biscuits
nleaSe note
Evening star., 1944-09-04
Another Loves London

To the Editor of The Star:
expressed in recent letters to The Star
from Virginia Walker and Frances
Webster, regarding the wanton and
useless destruction of London by the
Nazis.
The world stood aghast at the mere
prospect of destruction of the Italian
cities of Rome, Pisa, Siena, Florence and
others by the Allies, although they were
heavily fortified by the Nazis.
In bombing Berlin and other German
cities, the Allies aimed at land hit)
military objectives, and a worldwide
protest should be made over the robot
bombing Of London Involving the kill
ing Of innocent women and children
in schools, hospitals and churches.
have visited briefly all of the above
cities Except Berlin) and while the
Italian cities are wonderful centers Of
history and art there are in London in
addition to these categories, innumer-
able beloved places of historic and
literary interest of no military import
ance whatever, but which mean much
to thousands OF Americans Of English
descent.
Crossing the ocean some years ago,
DR.. William Lyon Phelps, gave a talk
on shipboard on "A Literary Pilgrim
age in England and expressed his love
of London by quoting Gilbert K. Chest
erton in these words: II will lift mine
eyes unto the hills, but not my carcass" !"
adding that lone brick of old Fleet
street is preferable to the finest noun
tain in the world" M. B. M.
Evening star., 1944-09-04
Mississippi 'Bribed'?

MISSISSIPPI DrlDeQ
To the Editor of The Star:
The Corrupt Practices Act should be
invoked in an attempted bribing of the
State of Mississippi.
Mississippi had accumulated a sur
plus of $20,000,0O0 or more when the
Legislature went into session last winter.
That august body saw fit to adopt the
policy OF destroying this surplus and ac-
cordingly arranged to spend 1t all.
Now the news of the last week includes
the statement that the Federal Gov
ernment-that Is the Government of the
people-has promised through its agents
to give outright to Mississippi 81 500 900
or more for school lunches In the COM
ing school year.
Amazing! Why should a State be
encouraged to be profligate? Why
should State be permitted to become
ward of the general Government at
the expense Of its sovereignty and its
self-respect? Why should Federal funds
obtained in wartime through high
sounding appeals to the peoples patriot
ism to 'give until it hurts" be diverted
toward "uplift" of any domestic area2
And why should this be done in this
election year? r. L.. r.
Gov. Dewey New Captain
To the Editor Of The Star:
If a ship, sailing rough waters,
manned by disgruntled crew and with
large percentage OF the passengers in
complete disagreement in regard to the
competency of the captain well, 1t
would seem that the time had arrived
to appoint new skipper.
The most ardent New Dealer cannot
deny that our ship Of state Is battling
the most turbulent political waters with
the congressional crew 1T variance re-
garding New Deal measures and half the
people quarrelling among themselves
and demanding an immediate change.
Gov. Dewey Is young, strong and capa-
BILE and should steer our ship into safer
waters and by 10 doing create unity
among u.
EpMuleD Z. ooiD00oN0UoH
Evening star., 1944-09-04
Appreciation for Teachers

HAPPi SSloNioi1 III SoShCIS
To the EDITOR of The Star:
The story written by Jessie FAINT Evans
in last Sundays Star about the services
being given by the volunteer teachers
group at Walter Reed Hospital is dra-
matte. 1t impressed me very favorably,
as am sure it will have impressed all
others who read 1t.
The teachers who compose this group
are to be commended, first for their i'm
agination in being able to visualize the
need for their services and, second, for
devoting their time and energies volun-
tarily to filling that need. You, also, are
to be commended for publicizing and
praising their activities at such length.
hope that the recognition you have
given them will serve as an encourage
ment and that they will keep on with
the good work. JOHN B. MCNAMARA.
Evening star., 1944-09-04
Quotes Jackson in 1888

To the Editor OF The Star:
The following words, spoken over Ill
years ago by that great American. An
drew Jackson, in his second inaugural
address. are as apropos today as they
were then:
Great is the responsibility which
must rest upon the people of the United
States. Let us realize the Importance
of the attitude in which We stand before
the world. Let us exercise forbearance
and f1rmness. Let us extricate our coun-
try from the dangers which surround 1t
and learn wisdom from the lessons they
inculcate.' HENRY STONER.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-04-03

Lists Gain

Crowley. Miner e. Co. re-
ports net profit for the year
ended Jan. 81. 1914. Of S700,307
after provision of $4,000 for
postwar adjustments as against
$4,000 after provision Of Sl75.-
600 for postwar adjustments and
market declines in inventory in
the previous year.
a provision Of Sl,021. 500 for
taxes includes S6l6, 500 for excess
profits taxes computed on the
invested capital method. In the
previous year. however. no excess
profits tax was payable because
OF a carryover Of unused credits
from previous years. President d
j. Crowley stated.
Crowley-Milner showed a per-
centage sales increase for the
l2-month period Of 1873 per cent
as compared with Sd per cent for
all Detroit department stores. as
reported by the Federal Reserve
Bank.
Despite a reduction Of S133. 500
IN outstanding debentures and
Of dividends totaIing
$500, 760 on the prior preference
stock working capital increased
by N71.437.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-04-03
Lists The Facts

The facts arc AS follows;
The Briggs Manufacturing Co.
recently suffered cutback in
one Of its war contracts and
was forced 10 lay off a number
OF women employees. These
workers cleared through the
u S Employment Service office
and were referred 20 the Bower
Roller-B caring Co, which
needed rClp.
AT Briggs. the girls had been
receiving from 90 cents 10 Sll5
an hour and when they were lot
out IL was Indicated that the
company was DESTROYS Of rehir-
ing them as soon as new con-
tracts were procured
At Bower. the girls learned
that the starting wage was 66
cents an hour. and although
some took the job. quite a few
refused and applied for unem-
ployment compensation.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-04-03
$ New
In Business
Workers Refuse
Low-Poy Jobs
BY WARD SCHULTZ
Detroit Times Financial Editor

The Wall Street Journal car
ried an item the other day in
which ii stated that:
"a Detroit firm which re-
Gently had to dismiss several
women when "A contract was cut
back asked them To take other
jobs In a bearing plant where
the pay was 3 10 10 cents an
hour less. Most refused, then
sought unemployment insur-
anCe."
Upon checking. I found that
the authority for this statement
was the president of a large
motor company here, who used
the instance in tcstifying before
some committee or other down
in Washington last week.
Although he may be correct
in stating that such things have
occurred. in this particular in
stance he apparently was not
given the facts in the case.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-04-03
Fear Freezing

Not only were tho wages con-
siderably lower but they would
be- ffFezeH- on the Bower Job and
nc government would moi re-
lease them 10 return 10 their
better paying Briggs Jobs if. AS
and when these were again
available
n railing In faHof Of tf1r E1rifS
On their appeals for compenSa
Lon -lhe- commission based -.
decision on the following points.
In the first place, the War
Labor Board had already APP
proved a base wage Of so cents
for Bower employees. but this
was not being paid because Of
an appeal on one phase OF the
decision by the union. The com
mission took the attitude that
IL could not ask workers 10
accept SIS cents where the labor
board had ok q so cents.
And secondly the workers in
many cases were not readily
adaptable 10 the Bower Jobs and
would have had 10 undergo
brief training period 10 ~ them
for tho now work
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-04-03
Insiders Cut
Stock Holding
BY Is. G. FORBES

Why? Without melting any
comment. this has been quietly
going on;
Large blocks Of stocks held by
wealthy individuals or families
have been and still arc being liqui-
dated, through special offerings"
on the n. Y. Stock Exchange,
through sales on the floor, through
the medium of brokers or invest
ment houses making public Of
ferings.
Almost every SEC monthly re-
port diseleses expansive reduction
Of stock holdings by insiders.
Few notable accumulations are
recorded.
This is Resulting in unusual in
creaSeS in the number of stock
holders in various companies and
corporations. General Electric,
for example, has added nearly
5000 new stock owners during the
last year bringing the total 10 a
new peak (44l2 per cent of whom
are women: American Telephone
stockholders list increased $3.50;
General Motors, 1886. u. s. Steel
4.117; Pennsylvania Railroad
7 1858. Other enterprises report
/ lengthening lists of stock owners
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-04-03
Women Have
New Leaders

For the second time in seven
days there Is a new Class a
singles leader today IN the women S
state championship bowling tour.
nament at Olympic. Irene Zim-
norman stepped in front Of Clarice
Lyle OF Ann Arbor. whose 5Se
-week-hFeaght the lead. With
So. Ann Nipper. third. has 5S7,
Minnie SaCkerman. fourth. Grand
Rapids $50, Marie Boluyt, fifth
Grand Rapids. ISL.
Ann Wells and Betty Chapman
look down on the doubles field in
Class a from the 1912 height
Eleanor Koepke-Coral Jones are
second on 1871; Agnes EkStrom-
Marie Shamrock. third, 1859:
Myrtle BoSS-Odlia Shillady. fourth.
1877 Gladys Dempsey Adelaide
Cowan. fifth. 1876.
Mrs. Koepke'S consistent scoring
brought her the lead IN all events
on l7l0 In the team event. the
defending champions. Clara Allen :
OlympicS did only 260l and landed
fifth. Enterprise is fourth ON 2614
Louise Stockdale> had $50 for
OlympicS as Elvira Helms marked
$50 for Enterprise.
Beatrice Stellmar occupies first
in c. singles on 532 Joann En-
bach and Lillian Rostick took over
the G doubles on 9S5. Dorsey
Cleaners lead c. teams on 24Of
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-04-03
Farm Values
AT New High

LANSING, April 3 CUP)-
Michigan farm real estate values
have advanced Is per cent during
the year ended March /, the Mich
igan cooperative crop reporting
service announced today.
Values are % per cent higher
than March l. 1912. and SO per
cent higher rtlan the five-year
average, according TO c. J. Borum.
agrlculturals statistician.
Farm prices now are at their
highest point since 1924 and COM
pare with those Of 1918. Borum
added Farm real estate valua-
tons and prices received by farm
ers for products have thus far
followed q trend similar TO the
same items during World War L
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-04-03
Accept WLB Rate

The Michigan Unemployment
Compensation Act provides that
workers have 10 take offered
Jobs #, the remuneration.
hours and other conditions Of
work offered arc substantially
the same &c similar work pre-.
vaIlng in tho community.
The commission. in cases Of
this kind accepts the WLB
approved rate as "the going
rate for the community" and
in this case the WLB had set
so cents as a fair starting rate.
Although u WaS no fault Of
Bowers. the girls would have
received but SIS cents. so they
ruled them entitled 10 com
pcnSation
In fairness 20 both the girls
and the unemployment com
mission We felt that these facts
should be made known.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-04-03
F arm ers' Market

FRutTs-Apples: Baldwins, fancy. xt1t
on No 1. s. ~ bu Delicious fancy
Al4 hu No. !. 50 50 bu Mcintosh
fancy: Ni4 bu; No. /, SO S0G3T5 bu
559 ny fancy. A.i4 bu. No /. So asa
. 30 hu Greetings, fancy SAIL bu .
N :, s3g3 SO. Northern Spies fancy.
~ hu No. !, 50 50 rs bu Wag.
eners fancy. 81 IL bu; no. !. $40 sO
ou Steele's Red, fancy. sane bu y; No. 4.
70 BOZ 3. IS bu. Note Ceiling price on
apples 81 IL per SSH IN
LETTUCE AND SALAD GREENS
celery Cabbage No. l. 81 SOd2 bu Lear
Lettuce, dollhouse No 1. Sl25Gi so
l0-lb. basket
VEGETABLE GREENS French Endtv,
No / S21225 5-lb box
V + r TABLES MISCELLANEOUS
-BsetS-iaPisay- t-..,i-s - SEQ ~ s-ocg
coll No l, 81 so bu Cabbage No
81 25 lis hg Red Cabbage No
tceilngl. 81 IS 50-lb bu Carrots. topped
No I. 81 IS 2 hu Celery Root No
81 50 10 bu Horseradish. No 50 peck
basket Leeks. No / 81 SOT2 doz bchs
Radishes. red dollhouse 81 20 doz hchs
parsnips No !. S35oT4 bu. Potatoes
No. /, 81 25G24 90 100 lbs Rutsbaeas.
No. Si4I25 bu squash. Hubbard S.
~ Turnips. topped No. /. s125ai.5O IN.
Vegetable oysters No l. 81 so doz bchs
Rhuharb dollhouse fancy. 70TsOc s-lb
box choice. so 65c small tl251l 50
EGGS 70 Large. $40. 50qii5o 3o-doz
case medium 5000.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-04-03
WIDER OWNERSHIP

Furthermore, some siZable CON-
panies heretofore very closely
held. sometimes dominated by one
individual or family, are vigor-
ously seeking wider ownership.
One example: Royal Typewriter.
To facilitate the transfer of shares
from dominant interests, the stock
OF this successful concern was
recently listed on the New York
Exchange.
Woolworth is another notable
example of large scale liquidation
by family owners.
Just what is the significance Of
this conspicuous trend, the writer
doesn't pretend TO be able TO in
terpret In some instances heirs
of stock fortunes. il is known,
need money 10 keep going. In
other cases. Andrew Carnegie's
advice. keep all your eggs in
one basket; then watch that bas-
ket. Is being dTtChpd.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-04-03
RAMPANT INITIATION

i rather suspect that despite
all talk Of prospective rampant
initiation. not few of the rich
are switching from stocks 10
bonds. in order to get in ahead of
taxation now saYoring Of semi
contlscation corporationwiSe.
After all this tendency by the
wealthy 10 get out of common
stocks is in line with the attitude
Of the vast majority of savers
they have for years turned
thumbs down on subscribing ia
any new issues, TO socalled risk
capital
They have been long convinced
that the investor has been not
merely the forgotten man" by
Washington. but the victim of all
kinds Of anti" treatment. II is
not comforting to contemplate
what all this will spell for our
free enterprise system.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-04-03
M. S. Rukeyser
Labor Can Help Solve
Wartime Problems
I'M. S. RuEeys;er

Labor unions help solve difficult wartime problems Of
customer relationships in crowded activities
With civilian demand many directions exceeding available
supply there has been deterioration the quality of
rendered Part of this of the shortage and
the inevitable distortion awartme but the interest
postwar jobs and business good will
tendency toward slump in courtesy the customer
The problem hghighed by the situation the railroads.
which been performing macuouSy moving and mate
rails unprecedented volume despite the fact that they baVe lost
numbers OF their employees the armed services
employees forgeu
of the little nicees to the travelling public.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-04-03

When will we get all the tires
We need?
OF what kind OF rubber will
they be made?
How good will they be?
What IS the situation in re-
gard 70 the rubber plantations =!
How soon will they start pro-
duclng after the war?
How is the synthetic rubber
program coming along?
What can we expect from
other kinds of natural rubber
such az guayule and cryptos-
tegia?
What is going to happen TO
synthetic rubber plants after
the war?
What about price?
Will rubber find greater use
in automobiles in the future ,
Davis will have to have more
than his usual store of knowl-
edge 70 answer all these. Maybe
a crystal ball would come in
handy.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-04-03
Auto-Graphs
BY sILER FREEMAN

OF all the war plants in the
nation, the automotive factories
which have taken on the air
craft load fear the inroads Of
the draft worst. Their technical
STATS are without exception
young and they have already
lost some good men in the 1S
10 p bracket. They stand TO
lose even more valuable men if
the % 10 70 section is pressed
too hard.
Where the aircraft companies
will feel the effect Of the draft
pressure is in developmental
work. according 10 L. B. Newill,
general manager of the Allison
plant in Indianapolis. NewiIl
was here last week 70 celebrate
the achievement of the 50,000th
engine and the five years of CO.
operation with Cadillac on war
work.
I'VE will feel the draft Of the
% 10 26 class all through the
aircraft industry he said. "In
engineering, IL will hit hard.
We have two classes of engi-
neers, both OF them made up OF
young men. The aircraft in
dustry itself is young.
"One class IN our trouble
shooters. They must oversee the
production engines. The
other Is the developmental, sec
ton, which Is always working
on new ideas, refinements,
changes, etc. The main thing is
production, 80 the first section
must carry on. 1t will mean
that development will suffer.
It's too bad but there il no
other choice"