davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1944-11-27
Polish Impusse

The resignation of Stanislaw
Mikolajczyk, Prime Minister of the
Polish government in exile at Lon
don, comes as disconcerting, yet
not unexpected, complication in the
chronic deadlock over Poland. This
deadlock is tWofold in character. In
the narrower sense it is a political
lmpasse between the London based
government in exile and the regime
established at Lublin, in the part of
Poland from which the Germans
have been driven by Russian arms.
This regime, originally organized in
Moscow, calls itself the provisional
government of Poland and has
vigorous Soviet backing. The fact
that the United States and Britain
continue to recognize the London
government, which Moscow con-
demnS and ignores, symbolizes the
larger diplomatic impasse between
Soviet Russia and the western AL
lies, which is probably the most
serious issue between them.
Premier Mikolajczyk's resignation
comes after months of negotiation
with Moscow, much of it in the Rus
sian capital, during which he won
the personal esteem of Stain, but
was unable to win any substantial
concession for his government,
which apparently represents a ma
jority of Poles both abroad and at
home. Moscow demands not merely
an immediate recognition of it's de-
clsion to incorporate the former
Polish territories east of the So
called Curzon Line, but also the max
ing OF this formal remuneration with
no categorical assurance as to the
sort of government which is to func-
ton in the rest of Poland. Most
leaders of the London government
seem to feel that yielding to Rus
sias territorial demands would
merely discredit them with their
supporters at home and abroad and
tnereoy render easier the establish
ment OF a pro-Soviet regime in
Poland which would render that
country virtual satellite of the
soviet Union. The logic of this po-
sitlon is that it will be better to
take a stand on principle even
though Moscow will go ahead and
settle matters as it wishes by uni
lateral action. They believe that, in
the long run, 1t will be as imprac-
ticable to try and dispose of Poland
Evening star., 1944-11-27
Agreement on Germany

IL is reaSSurlng TO know CndC BTU
iSh, American and Russian repre-
sentatives on the European Advisory
Commission in London have agreed
upon plan providing for co-ordi-
mated occupation and control of
Germany In the period between the
end of the war and the writing of a
definitive peace.
According to Acting Secretary of
State Stettinius, the plan has yet to
be approved formally, but since the
commission members kept in con-
slant touch with their governments
while working it out. there seems
little or no doubt that it will be
accepted and put in operation. Al
though it's details have not been
announced, it is said to envision a
Supreme Allied Council which from
headquarters in Berlin would give
direction to the administrative poll
cies and procedures to be carried
out in areas of Germany assigned,
respectively to British, American,
Russian and probably French occu-
patton forces.
Such an arrangement, providing as
it does for the unification of the
overall Allied program, will certainly
be far better than one in which each
of the occupying powers would follow
its own policy in the zone assigned to
it, functioning independently instead
OF co-ordinating its operations with
those conducted by the other powers
In the other zones. BY guarding
against separatist set-up of that
sort, the plan drawn up by the Euro
pean Advisory Commission gives
assurance that Russia, Britain and
the United States will make special
effort to achieve unity of action and
keep confusion to a minimum in the
immediate postwar control of Ger
many.
No one knows exactly when all
organized Nazi resistance is going
to be smashed but we may safely
assume that the day is near enough
to make imperative the kind of
agreement reached by the European
Advisory Commission. 1t may be
months before our Allied armies
march through the streets of Berlin,
or it may conceivably be only mat
ter of weeks. but in either case,
Russia, Britain and the United States
are not being too forehanded or too
early in working out a joint occupa-
ton plan now, for any unwarranted
delay might lead to the most serious
difficulties and misunderstanding
upon the collapse of Germany
Arrangements for long term Ger
man control can be made in more
leisurely fashion for incorporation
in whatever peace treaty is finally
worked out. but the problems of
occupation must be met at once. In
this connection. incidentally, it may
reasonably be expected that if the
Big Three learn the habit of work.
ing we'll together inside the Reich
during the transitional period, the
outlook for an enduring system Of
international security will be much
brighter.
Evening star., 1944-11-27
Grim Hour of Decision
By Maj. George Fielding Eliot

In battle. opportunity often comes
suddenly. unexpectedly - because op-
portunity Is SO often born of an enemy
failure or an enemy error which could
not have been foreseen. When such an
opportunity comes, it must be instantly
seized upon and exploited: for the en-
emy will certainly, If given time, find
means of restoring his situation.
Opportunities in battle are some
times missed because of failures of
command-they are just not perceived
or understood in time. They are some
times missed because exhausted troops
can do no more and there are no fresh
troops at hand to be thrown in. They
are sometimes missed because of failures
of supply-the opportunity Is perceived,
the troops are there, but ammunition
or fuel, or some other essential is lack
ing.
When Gen. Eisenhower calls for
more artillery ammunition, and then
day or two later for double ration
Of small arms ammunition, he Is think
ing not only in terms of having enough
power to pour unrelenting effort against
the Germans until they crack, but he
is also thinking Of having at hand suf-
ficient power to exploit the crack when
it comes. He does not intend to miss
any opportunities because Of lack Of
the means to exploit them.
This is particularly important con-
sideration in the great battle now In
progress along the western front, be-
cause the first sign of German crack
may lead to such far-reaching conse-
quences. It Is not just another battle
this one; it may prove the decisive
battle Of this war as far as Germany
Is concerned The last army with which
Germany can defend her western from
tier Is In the field, standing on the
ground which 1t must defend or where
it must in all likelihood, perish. Hence
it is of paramount Importance that
nothing on our side should 60 wrong
at the crucial moment
Gen. Eisenhower calls for more ar
tillery ammunition. He explains why he
needs it-because his guns must do u
much more work now that bad weather
cuts down the opportunities and the
powers OF his air forces, especially the
fighter bombers and medium bonbers
which operate in close support Of the
ground troops.
During the period q preparation
alons the western trent our arallss5
Evening star., 1944-11-27

ammunition expenditures may. accord
ing to reliable information. have run
from $500 to $500 tons day. Under
the stress of full-scale combat all along
the front these expenditures may now
be doubled or even tripled.
Every shell fired by our guns makes
the going Of the infantry that much
easier; therefore shells mean lives. The
heavier calibers are especially necessary
just now-the 155-mm., 8-inch and 240-
nm. projectiles which smash enemy
Notifications, destroy heavy material
targets such as bridges and canal locks,
and reach deep into the enemy rear
areas to strike at his own artillery
positions
The enemy does not have great deal
of good infantry, but he still has a
great deal of excellent artillery; the
poorer his infantry, the more it needs
artillery support; the less mobile his
infantry, the more the flexibility of his
artillery fire must make, up for this
failing. In good weather, the fighter
bomber is the great weapon for counter
battery work: but in bad weather, the
enemy's artillery must be knocked out
by our own long-range guns.
All battle tactics depend on the
combination of fire and movement.
The enemy can move to certain ex-
tent; ne has few good divisions which
retain full mobility. For the rest, he
must make up in fire. power what he
lacks in mobility. After all, the enemy
is on the defensive; he wins if he can
just stay where he is; but we must
move. We must not only drive him
from his positions, but we must keep
him on the run once We have done
so. Therefore We must have fire to
cover our movements, and we must
have fire with which to continue and
exploit them as we get going, breaking
down quickly any little pockets of
enemy resistance that may develop.
To do this we must have a supply
OF ammunition which Is not only ample
for all our present needs, but q suf-
ficient reserve of ammunition immedi-
ately available 50 as to make sure that
z when the moment Of opportunity comes
to any Of our commanders on any sec
tor Of the front, that opportunity.
great or small, may not be lost for lack
OF means to take advantage Of 1t and
I push It right on to whatever conclusion
It may lead 70.
\ tcsssssshA lstAJ
Evening star., 1944-11-27

against the will of Its own people as
1t was in the past, when Poland was
erased from the map yet lived on
indomitably as moral and spiritual
entity. Such determination would
involve tragic risks and would spell
dire misfortune for most Poles. It
would certainly be a sad beginning
for the reconstruction" of Europe.
Yet it would offer warning testimony
to the vitality of basic principles and
the danger of ignoring them in what
is often termed realistic" solutions
of national problems.
Evening star., 1944-11-27

Diplomatic circles here feel that the
resignation Of Polish Premier Wladis-
law Mikolajczyk has brought to head
the crisis between the Polish govern
ment in exile and the Soviet-sponsored
Lublin Committee, with the advantage
distinctly on the side OF the Lublin
group.
Sandwiched between the demands of
Prime Minister Churchill to reach an
agreement with Moscow at any price
and the demands Of his own cabinet
to refuse to cede any territories with
out counterpart in the west, Premier
Mikola jczyk relied on the United States
for support or Intervention as an arbiter.
Prior to November the Polish Premier
had received from Polish groups in this
country encouraging reports that Presi-
dent Roosevelt, through his personal
influence with Premier Stain, would
take a hand In the strife between the
rival Polish groups. While Mr.. Roose-
welt had not committed himself formally,
the leaders of the pro-Polish groups in
America had gained the impression
they could count on the administra-
tion's support.
But when Averell w. Hartman, Amer
lean Ambassador to Russia, informed
the Polish Premier last Wednesday that
under the existing circumstances the
American Government could not under
take to support the view Of the Polish
government In exile in regard to terri
torial agreements, Mr.. Mikolajczyk felt
that his presence as head of the London
group had become useless and resigned.
-
Mr. Mikola jczyk is reported to have
had heated discussions with Prime Min
lister Churchill, who after his return
from Moscow had been more pressing
than ever over final settlement of
Russias claims against Poland. The
Polish leader who was endeavoring to
gain time, is said to have told the Brit
ish Prime Minister that Poland was thus
placed in the position Of having to
choose between political suicide or being
politically murdered, He made 1t clear
that he was not at the head Of the Pol
ish government in exile for the purpose
of pushing his country into suicide.
From that moment on the relations be-
tween the two men became very cool.
According to present standards in Eu-
rope, Jan Kwapinski. who has been des-
ignated to form a new Polish govern
ment, should be acceptable to the Rus
sian government and to the extremists
Of the Lublin Committee because his
background as a genuine Socialist Is un-
Evening star., 1944-11-27

May peace fall svittly and the falling
ledues
Be s,0itt to hide the bloody fields from
vieU.
May the late sunshine flood a ,Dorld
that grieDes,
As In another autumn that tUe kneD.
Long has the anguish been, but soon
the tears
Must fow for joy that rere not she'd
for pain.
Our armies triumph notn the pictory
nedrS,
When the long absent one turns home
again.
Turns home, a boy no longer
A man, gro,Dn stronger,
Thoughtful and older,
The World's ,peight on his shoulder.
Will he hare changed? Stare as
stranger stGres
From eyes that hold the images OF
death?
Oh. groundless tear--if pe haze kept
the faith
Sustained him NTH the passion OF on,
prayers,
And y our selfessness nwnks In him
4 dream OF peace no ,Ddr shau eper
NEz BARCLAY KIRBY. ),
Evening star., 1944-11-27

On Friday Frederick Kuh reported
from London that the American, Brit
ish and Russian governments have
signed an agreement setting up the
machinery for military control Of Ger
many, following the capitulation of the
Reich. The two most important things
in the agreement are that, first, 1t pro-
vides for joint military authority for
all occupation zones, and, second, that
contrary to previous expectations,
present intentions look toward the
emergence "at a fairly early stage" OF
German central authority.
These represent long step forward.
not only for solution Of the German
problem, but for satisfactory continu-
ance of inter-Allied relations.
Only few weeks ago there was every
indication that Germany would be di-
vided into three or four zones, for COM
pletely separate occupation and ad-
ministration by the United States.
Great Britain, the Soviet Union and
probably France. Each zone was to be
under a high commissioner, responsible
only to his own government. Readers of
this column may recall the alarmed
criticism which We levelled at this ar
rangement 1t amounted to dismember-
ment, and was bound to lead to clash
in policies, with the possibility Of one
ally being played OF against another by
German groups.
If We are talking of a world organiza-
ton for security and peace, it is obvious
that its first function should be to take
over the policing Of Germany as 4 CON-
bined operation, excluding the posi-
bility of three or four conflicting policies
It would also seem obvious that 1t
has been difficult to agree on common
policy. otherwise 1t would have been
reached long ago. Many trial balloons
were sent up from various sources,
among them the ill-conceived and ILL.,
fated Morgenthau plan, which seems to
have been the turning point toward
greater reason.
The Presidents foreign policy speech
indicated the outlines Of the policy
which seems to have prevailed: complete
and permanent disarmament: punish
ment Of those directly responsible for
this agony of mankind; hint Of rep
arations in the suggestion that the
Germans will have to earn their way
Evening star., 1944-11-27
Russian Nap

Everybody knows that the Russian
language is difficult for Americans,
just as the American brand Of
English is difficult for Russians. Yet
it is feasible to bridge the two va
rieties OF human expression; and
the National Geographic Society, in
its recently published map OF the
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics,
has made useful effort in that
direction.
The new cartograph of the terri
tories governed by Marshal Stain
and his associates represents areas
under their control or claimed by
them on October / last. What rem
ders 1t exceptionally useful to an
average newspaper reader is the
fact that important designations
are given in both Russian and ap-
proximate American English equiva-
lents. Thus the map, in effect, Is a
lesson in languages, convenient and
practicable.
For example: Such a phrase as
"Severnaya Zemlya" need not puzzle
anybody so long as it is translated
North Land" in adjacent lettering.
Neither is "Mys Dezheva" problem
when it is explained that it really
is only East Cape" Even a hope
less amateur might guess that
"arkhipelag" is archipelago" Some
what more troublesome, yet not be-
yond rapid learning, are: "Bukhta"
for "bay," "dagh" for mountain" !"
"gol" for lake" "kavir" for desert"
and "zaliv" for gulf" OF course,
"tagh" and "koh" and "shan" like
wise mean mountain" and "kol"
and NOR" and "ozero" also mean
lake; but similar confusions
abound in any comparable map of
the United States and therefore
need not be regarded as exception
ally remarkable.
What is more important is the
circumstance that when words are
related to pictures, as in this latest
chart of the tremendous portion of
the earth now under the hammer
and sickle flag, they are amenable
to comprehension by any reasonably
intelligent person anywhere. It
would be nice if the whole human
family spoke single language. Un-
til the millennium arrives, however,
bilingual maps are a good idea.
Evening star., 1944-11-27

where may be needed to bring the
war to final conclusion. And China
appears to be q vital part Of the
winning combination, at least 50 far
as its territory is concerned.
Evening star., 1944-11-27

The Jap Board of Naval Strategy
must be fairly we'll splintered by
now.
Evening star., 1944-11-27
The Dream of Peuce
By Dapid Laurence

Reproduction Rishts Reserved.)
Evening star., 1944-11-27

with the end Of the war They are not
in as favorable q position as regards
tenure as are all other warworkers.
Postwar expansion of private industry
will permit large numbers of warwork-
ers to retain their jobs. Only retrench-
ment and cutbacks logically may be
expected in Government activity. par
ticularly that competing with private
enterprise.
7. In the matter Of overtime pay
scales: The Government pays one and
one-eighth the hourly rate while pri-
vate enterprise, in compliance with
Government regulations, pays one and
one-hah times the hourly rate.
The aforementioned legislation now
In committee is intended to correct, to
some degree, this discrimination against
Federal employees. There are two ma
jor provisions in the bills. These au-
thorize the Civil Service Commission to:
l. Set Federal pay scales at levels
comparable to those paid by private
industry for the same services in the
same area.
2. Set salaries within the range Of a
particular grade of 4 Job designation
commensurate with the various respon-
abilities within the grade. The bills
grant no other authorities than the
above
Besides the approval of the Civil
Service Commission, these bills have
the approval of the Budget Bureau.
They are essentially the same legisla-
ton asked for repeatedly by the Navy
Department.
A. M. sTEPANo,
Chairman Joint Committee American
Federation Of Labor Design Alliance,
Design SUPERVISOR Organization,
philaAslphis Navy Yard.
The Valley settler., 1944-12-15
MORE SCHOOL NEWS
CIT IsTMAS DECORATIONS.

CEp ISTMAS DECORATIONS,
 Practically every elementary school room Is gay with holiday decorations lavish with bright reds and greens, and ca oh class boasts a ge.ly adorned evergreen Christmas tree. Many of the pupils will ex- change simple gifts at inf orma1
 Chris tmas programs in the respec- tive. rooms next Friday af rnoon pri or to adjourning to the Communi- = ty Hall for the Communi ty .Chri tma s Tree program.
The Valley settler., 1944-12-15
EXTENSION NEWS


 partial. list of surplus war property has been re ceived at the Extens on office and those who are intore ted in placing bids for such equi pment can che ok the list at the Fxtensi on Office.
 Final seles will be conf rmed Jan- uary 5, l945.
 Homemade Furni ture Polish
 The imp1e mixture Of two parts boil led Ii nseed oil end one part tur- pentine makes an excellent polish for. furniture, accordi ng to the New York State extensi on specialists. Woc' experts of the us. Department Of Agri culture agree but add the mi xture should be used wi tn plenty of elbow grease for satisfactory results.
 The oil "feeds" the wood, and the turpentine loosens dirt and helps the oil penetrate the wood. This polish removes the dull, foggy ap- pearance that furnt ture often ac- quires, and helps conceal fine ere cks CT che cks in the finish. ,. Apply the fixture wi tn a soft N 10th. Then with a dry cloth rub off excess polish and keep rubbing wi tn the grain of the wood until the surface s entirely dry and will not show finger mark.
 THERE WILL BE NO BANGING PROGRAM IN THE COMMUNITY HALL TUESDAY WIGHT BECAUSE THE HALL WILL STILL BE CLOSED FOR REPAIRS.
The Valley settler., 1944-12-15

NEWS FLASH NEWS FLASH NEWS Dancing in the Coop Recreati onal Fall Is to be permi tied again &C., cording to latest reports. J.P. McCarney has repaired the luke Box end will move 1t over near the door of the Cafe so that anyone may dance in the main hall. He has purchased new records and a new life time needle. Rumors have it that there will be a new floor soon
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-11-05
Drama for the Dumb

that other folks flock 10 the
performances.
The theatre originated IN
Rostov, where, before the
war, a group mad been
formed at a deaf-mutes'
club 10 teach lip-reading and
the finger alphabet.
Quite by accident II was
discovered that some of the
group had distinct dramatic
ability. So til G company
was formed. Since then its
services have been in con
slant demand.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-11-05

the Americans found on
landing.
Major Chester M. Sulli-
van of Minneapolis designed
a coat-of-arms and rubber
stamps. bearing this insig
MIA, were made up.
All anybody who wants 10
join-prov1ding he was on
Tarawa-has 10 do is PUNK
down 81. In exchange, au.
thoriZed club members Will
stamp the coat of arms on
his stationery, birth certifi.
cate, or anything else that'll
take ink. The fee is used 10
buy stamps for the pro
posed chapters. These will
be at Saipan, Guam, per
haps Truk, the Philippines
and no doubt Toxic.
Since starting the Tarawa
Cricket Club, North and
Hoch have signed up every
body from privates TO
generals.
Every one OF the members
thinks the new outfit is
good idea.
Nothing short of an off
cial checkup OF the soldiers,
sailors, marines and coast
guardSmen who have seen
service in the Pacific can
give the founders OF the
club an accurate idea Of its
potential membership but
the figure runs into the
thousands.
Nobody can get in who
hasn't set foot on one OF the
chapter islands-and the
only way you get there is
by fighting for Uncle Sam.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-11-05
HrHE trouble with the

HrHE trouble with the
Short Snorters,"
s a d Lieutenant
Robert North, "is that it's
no longer an exclusive
club"
You're right" comment
ed Master Sergeant Norman
Hoch. 1T used 10 be linn
tied 10 those who flew the
ocean, but now ii can hap
pen TO anybody, like ath-
lete's foot or rundown
heels"
why shouldn't We" con-
tinued the lieutenant. start
a club Of our own-one that
every Tom, Dick and Harry
can't get into?"
Why not?" asked the
sergeant. Let's do it.
And in that way, a few
months ago. the "Tarawa
Cricket Club"-probably the
toughest organization in the
world 10 join-was founded.
Lieutenant North, who is
from Alhambra, Cal, and
Sergeant Hoch, OF Okla
homa City, sought the help
of two majors in making
up the rules.
The four decided that
only fighting men who had
been on Tarawa--and other
islands 10 be later deSig-
nated-could have the priv
ilege of membership.
"That1l keep IL exclu-
sive." said North.
The name of the club was
hit upon because of the idle
cricket fields. used by the
British before the war, that
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-11-05

~ NE of the most I'M
L usual theatrical
~ stock companies ever
formed is currently on tour
in Russia. All the actors,
stagehands, and officials
are deaf and dumb.
When this troupe puts on
a show, the whole story is
told by gestures.
Although the primary
purpose OF the theatrical
company is to play TO deaf
audiences. the pantomimes
are so eXcellently executed