davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1944-04-21

ment the American workers played promi-
nent part
The British Government passed one act
after another to enforce these restrictions
which resulted in increased opposition from
the Americans The workers began to take
a leading part in the opposition to the hateful
regulations and in 1865 the Sons of Liberty
was organized under such working class lead
ers as Sam Adams and Paul Revere. Around
this organization built the Committee of
Correspondence which kept people all over
the country informed of the problems related
to their own district
THE REVOLUTION
The American Workers very definitely
formed the bulk of the Revolutionary Army
which achieved victory and made possible the
establishment of the United States.
Then enSued struggle between the con-
Servatives, known as FederalistS, and the lib
erals, known as Democrats. The Federalsts
were principally interested in property rights,
while the Democrats were principally inter
eSted in human rights.
The original draft of the Constitution gave
few guarantees TO protect human rights, but
the workers and farmers who comprised the
bulk of the Democratic party prevented the
Constitution from being ratified until the Bill
of Rights was included consisting of the first
ten amendments.
EARLY AMERICAN UNIONS
,sociations included both masters and journey
men, but the development of the factory sys-
tenn soon made such associations obsolete
The condition of the workers became so bad
that the need for a genuine trade union or
ganization was imperative.
One of the first strikes occurred in 1876 in
Philadelphia against the master printers.
From then on the organization of the
skilled craftsmen into unions of journeymen
to defend their standard of living against the
employers began in earnest.
In 1871 the carpenters struck for 12-hour>
day instead of sun-up to dark.
The courts upheld the employers, but 81
much pressure was brought through Jeffer-N
sons party that they were forced to change
their decisions However the unorganized
workers did not share in these advances. 1t
was evident that the unions must have closed
shops or be underbid by the unorganized work
ers which would result in lower standard of
living for the whole trade.
(To be continued)
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1944-04-21

The American Colonies be-
fore the American Revolu-
ton were considered by the
British Government as an in
vestment to further British
Commerce. The colonies sent
their raw materials to Eng
land and purchased finished
products from that country.
Many of the American Col
onists resented these restric-
tionS, and in the pressure that
was subsequently brought to
bear on the british Cavern
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1944-04-21
American Labor
BY MELVIN SCHULTZ,
President Local IL UAW-CIO

EDITORS NOTE: This is the first in a
series of articles the Development of the
American Labor MoUement)
THE COLONIES
In previous articles we traced the history
OF the labor movement up nearly modern.
times. We are now ready for brief review
of the development of the American Labor
Movement.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1944-04-21

to progress
all down the
ages.
The philos-
o p h e r S of
p | u tocracy
worship at
the shrine of
personal fl
nancial gain.
T h e y say
that it is the
yen a | o n e
w h i C h in
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1944-04-21

than compete with Dr. Gallup
and try and educate its mem
bers.
Sincerely,
Frank Matt,
Auto-Lite Unit.
Editors note:-In checking
Frank Matt, we could discover
no such name in the Auto
Lite Unit. The letter was good
though, so we decided to pub
lish it. If and when you write
this department, please sign
your own and not a fictitious
name.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1944-04-21
On The
Beam
BY Clayton w. Fountain

If we are to believe the
propaganda poured at us by
Wall Street, the pursuit of the
peso has been the single mo-
tive inspiring the human race
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1944-04-21


the workers
HANDLE OUR PROBLEMS
get the that big business it
to handle business that it by of phian
thropc pity big business handled
back the wild 2Os and all went down together in
of bread lines polishing apples street and
not for the big shots who had formerly employed us
Sure big business to handle affairs It wants to
paw deep everything Most of ALL it
paw pockets until has the
prosperity dry and is ready to close shop until the next
batch public works revived keep the country from
cleaning house
Big business when labor asks government to
basis
Imagine turning our Toledo employment problems over
of the business and ndusrass who demon
strang after War Labor Board ndffer
to the problems of the workers.
Imagine you the Chamber of Commerce would
with employment problems in view of what the
members the Chamber have done with their
employment situations.
Imagine turning employment problems to
guys of the Toledo Scale
the face of the eaconary talk ne recently made before
Catholic Conference in this city
SUSPICIOUS
Sure they suspicious, though
had job done all through this that bound have
in the postwar period They would like to lead
the workers no longer have confidence master
who nearly wrecked the country 1929 and pleading
for another chance
"Just give us one chance" they say 1--WE
you before it happen again. Honest,
won't. just trust and Wen lead to the promised
land"
maarkey they up during afraid
of them There something about big shot that
the Maybe its because their pants
their hands stained with the CRIME
of honest toll whatever is there still workers who
look with awe upon the bosses.
Look happened at the Toledo Scale Co. in its
election can't help that there
still too workers who believe the boss and dstrus the
workers organizations.
PLANNING FOR PEACE
I'm the kind of guy who is aergic to bull I'd like to
hear something definite the of planning for the postwar
I'd like that labor had specific
make table I'd enjoy the sight of labor
standing pounding the table and telling
the diplomats off their high horses and talk
United States the workers would know what they meant
Yes, think I'm the same kind of that Joe Dokes,
sweeper Jim Smith who pounds his brains out at
Phil the counter Bill Zch the
monkey others who do the work of the world
think all of would like to hear specific plans for
labor in the postwar world.
All like Bill Green get tough, although
that probably hoping much We would like
labor say, look. We to fight the
be ruined by the depression and end by pling the
production record industrial history Now If
could do all that for and death and destruction,
produce a decent living under peaceful conditions"
We tell the big shots who already planning
future discovered that there shortage in
producing ali that with it, We demand that
the shortage exist in producing in the
things need and which to have in abundant
measure
Now is the time perfect demands Lets get
specific and the table armed with facts figures and
demands which shall Let big business
business and we'll run
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1944-04-21

1t is quite
evident that
there is a
d e f i mite
trend toward
the e S t a b.
liShnent of a
p r o cedure
j n v diving
L " lllPAloOA y
a r bitration.
Perhaps it is
because OF
the e f f e C t
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1944-04-21

employers and big financiers, you probably
won't be worried about the plans business is
making for the postwar era, only, don't let
anyone spool you into the belief that the
American people need not worry, because the
big boys are going to take good care of us.
If you are one of the workers who suspects
the motives of the National Association of
manufacturers, its works. pomp and phony
propaganda then you will be interested in
knowing that big business is still the same old
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1944-04-21
It's News To Me 'y E.:s,j @; J.
BE ON GUARD

While labor piously talking about plans full employ
security its hopes for the postwar period bust
quietly going about making its arrangements and
fecting its plans for the peacetime world.
those workers who thinks like the
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1944-04-21
Regional Views
WORLD LABOR CONFERENCES
BY Richard GOsser, Director,
Region 2B, UAW-CIO

Interest of the labor world is centering on
the world labor conference which will be held
in London, England beginning June 5.
We of Go are greatly interested in this
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1944-04-21
NATIONAL AGREEMENT

With more than sixty con-
tracts negotiated by Local II
each year, ii would seem that
a nationwide agree m e n t
among the automotive workers
would eliminate a lot of un-
necessary meetings and argu-
mentS But the autonomy of
the individual shops workers
would be greatly lessened if
they were not permitted to
vote separately on matters
which concern only their own
shop.
If the Local IL members
worked under a nation wide
or induStry-wide agreement,
they would probably be forced
TO accept a contract inferior
to their present one, because
Toledo's contracts are SUI
perior TO those of automobile
workers in other localities.
The subject of nationwide
or industry-widc agreement
requires much thought and is
worthy of consideration, but
it must be studied in all its as
poets, and with foresight as
TO the ultimate result in fu-
ture years.
In this community, our
members have never willing
ly submitted to compulsory ar
bitration, but the war is fore
ing it upon us. personally
believe that on the day the
war is over we should imme-
diately discard such an un-
democratic procedure an d
thereafter settle our own prob
lens without the services of an
outside dictator unless we
send for him voluntarily.
The plan of having
nationwide wage scale is
certainly of merit. Regard
les of whether or not we think
we should extend this theory
to an entire agreement. we
should still equalize wages.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1944-04-21

which the War Labor Board
has had upon the parties con-
cerned, but whatever the rea-
son, the fact remains that it
is getting to be the accepted
thing for companies and un-
ions to call upon so-called
"disinterested" parties to set
tie disputes, and to take for
granted that this will continue
after the war.
This is not going to work out
favorably for the workers.
You may be sure that arbitra-
tors who mediate industrial ar
guments for living are going
to be anxious to insert clauses
in War Labor Board decisions
which will call for their serv-
ices at a later date. There
doesn't seem to be the rigid
controls on their wages that
there are for the workers.
LATEST DEVELOPMENTS
Latest developments along
this lie include the demand
IT. n a recent dispute involV-
ing the computation of retro
active pay, unless the company
and the union could settle the
matter themselves, they were
to enlist the services Of GER
titled public accountant, who
would be paid jointly by both
of the parties. This would i'm
volve thousands of dollars of
unnecessary expense and at
the time provide very lucra-
tive remuneration for the ac-
countant.
Someone once wrote that
"compulsion breeds sullen-
ness" and / rather suspect that
the workers are going to be
sullen people if they have
to work under a contract
which calls for compulsory ar
bitration. We have no guaran-
tee of the arbitrators integ-
rity, and these gentlemen may
fleece us quite brutally in re-
turn for slight fee from the
corporations.
i do not say that there are
not arbitrators whose charac-
ter and honor are unimpeach-
able, but | do recall terrific
lacing which the workers were
handed approximately one
year ago in certain Toledo
plants dispute. The gentleman
made a brazen attempt to OBJ
tain a corner on the arbitra-
ton market by handing down
a most unfair decision. I'm
fortunately for him, however,
the management does not re-
spect him any more than we
do, and will not hire him in
the future, even though he
claims to be a labor relations
expert. He cooked his goose,
but WE'LL
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1944-04-21
What's S
New?
A BIG DEAL!
BY Edward Duck,
Educational DirectO.

Educational Director, Local IL
A BIG DEAL!
Union finances are being put
to a terrific strain these days
because of the expense involv-
ed in wartime negotiations.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-09-10
Strain tests prove LUXed stockings
Lost TWICE as long!

Now you can help one pair of stockings gi,
the wear OF two pair-that's like getting a
extra pair every time you buy onel Just gi,
stockings gentle Lux care.
In repeated strain tests, Luxed stockine
lasted twice as longl They didn't go into run
nearly so quickly as those rubbed with cak
soap or washed with strong soap. Rayor
nylon, silk and cotton stockings Shove,
similar results.
Give your stockings nightly Lux care. Al
ways dry rayons "a to 48 hours.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-09-10

Your merchandise is a blessing
Tor larger women. Your dresses
ut me, are very well made, and
wear better. | would not know
what TO do for nice clothes if /
could not order from you.
Mrs. Mary E Harvey, Rockford, III.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-09-10

NOT all the h@nan mon.
SterS of the movies arc
men-Some OF the meanest
OF them are women. And
very pretty, too.
The bfood-chilling realism
that they put into their sin.
ister roles seems 10 add
weight to the old wheeze
about tn e female being
more deadly than the male.
Beautiful killers are a lot
easier TO look at than ugly
ones-but they contribute
just as many Victims TO the
Cinema casualty list.
Evening star., 1944-07-30

Jennifer Jones hated to break up
the dancing, she told over $500 serv-
icemen and women and 500 bond
purchasers who brayed threatening
skies to attend the War Bond rally
on the Treasury grounds last night,
but
I'VE don't mind" a deafening
roar from her appreciative audi
ence assured her as they made
ready to hear her War Bond plea.
War Bond Plea.
The movie actress spoke briefly
during an intermission in the dane
ing for servicemen with Stage Door
Canteen hosteSses. Also featured
on the program. under the auspices
of the Canteen, were Helen Hayes,
stage and screen star, who was mis-
tress of ceremonies; Daniel Bell,
Undereci etary of the Treasury;
Nine. Zillia, operate soprano; 1t
Col. Charles W. Kerwood, Air
Forces, just returned from Italy;
Lucille Manners. soprano; Anita
Colby, actress and model, and Bob
Gary. comedian.
More than $4,000 in War Bonds
were sold for admissions to the rally
Evening star., 1944-07-30
Three Deaths Lift
|D.C. Toll of Home
| Accidents to 86

Two adults who died from falls
and an infant who died from suf-
location last week brought the Dis
trict home accident fatalities total
for the year to 86, according to a
Red Cross home accident survey.
Meanwhile l0l persons were
treated at hospitals last week for
home accidents.
Thirty fell, nine were burned
three accidentally poisoned and IL
were given care for foreign bodies
in ear. eye, nose, throat and stom.
ach. Twenty-three received cuts
seven incusred contusions and there
were 16 miscellaneous cases.
Seven infants and several older
children were injured by falls. A
4-year r-old boys arm was broken
when he fell from astride his faith
er's back. Two were scalded when
they pulled coffee percolators from
tables by electric cords.
A woman injured her eye on a
clothesline, another on the corner
OF a newspaper and an 18-year-old
girl fell through a skyhght.
A l5-year-old girl swallowed a
key, a l9-year-old girl injured her
eye while putting on a new dress
from which the price tag had not
been removed, and woman
dropped a barrel on her foot.
Evening star., 1944-07-30

the 300 Federal buildings here, he
was qualified to speak.
First. he said, temporary build
ings are naturally hotter because
of their flimsier construction and
lack of air-conditioning. Buildings
of masonry, such as the State De-
partment, even when not air con-
ditioned do not heat up as quickly
as the temporaries.
: The employees in these buildings,
he continued, nave adopted sew
eral measures for relieving the heat.
They steal fans from each other,
put wet congresses on their wrists
and damp clothes on the fans, eat
ice cream and fuss. While these
remedies raise body heat eventually,
he said, they are permitted because
the employees firmly believe them
helpful.
Gives the Lowdown.
TITS mental" he said
Hottest Of all the buildings, he
said, are those with yards Of glass
through which the suns rays pour.
Evening star., 1944-07-30
Hottest u S Office? Air Forces Annex why Bring That Up?

"You won't get anything out Of
U.s." said a feminine voice in the
Office of Price Administration. "Our
Office temperatures are always salts
factory"
I'm sorry" apologized a mascu-
line voice in the Interior Building.
Il can't give out our temperature.
The Army Air Forces talked but
not for publication. The Navy De-
partment referred the call to four
Offices, including the laborers' fore
man. and then didn't know" much
about temperatures. The Treasury
said there always were complaints
whether the weather was hot or
cold.
What are you trying to do, sab
otage the war effort?" Another
agency asked.
As the query seemed to be chang
ing from summer afternoons as
signment to = lost cause, reporters
got an answer. A brave soul would
talk If he could do 1t anonymously
Having inspected ofhcialiy most OF
Evening star., 1944-07-30

Then he lowered his voice, took
a deep breath and made his choices
Hottest: The Air Forces annex
lat Gravelly Point.
Next Hottest: The reconverted
non air-conditioned greenhouse
atop the South Agriculture Build
ing.
Third Hottest: The top floors of
several federally-occupied automo-
bile show places in the $500 block
of Fourteenth stree. NV.
BE careful" he said. IF those
employees think they're hotter than
other people, they might quit. Why
don't you tell about the coolest air
conditioned oflices-the Pentagon,
Interior, Treasury and Archives?
Later the Public Buildings ADJ
|ministration called. Heat, it was
explained, is a matter of tempera-
ture, air motion and humidity.
Figures on it are not kept centrally.
Besides" an ofncial pleaded
"Fan win be here soon. Why bring
this up7"
Evening star., 1944-07-30

The Navy Band. and later the off,
cial WAC Band for the New York
Port of Embarkation, furnished
music
With the Districts Fifth War
Loan Campaign ending tomorrow
night. the city is still short of its
Series "E" and individual bond
goals by IL and 20 per cent, respec.
lively, after yesterdays reports OF
only $200, 900 in sales.
John A. Reilly, chairman of the
District War Finance Committee
however, said last night he was con-
fident that last minute reports from
the Federal Reserve Bank in Rich.
mond would send Series "E" pur.
chases over the top.
Aggregate sales in the drive fol
SLOT ,000,0 900 totaled $l44,5O0 ,OO(
through Friday, or 1875 per cent ol
the goal. Individual sales reached
$40, ,400, 900, or 800 per cent of the
$61 100000 quotal, with Series "E'
bond purchases totaling 30,0OO, 900
or 85.5 per cent of that division.
s34, ,000, 900 goal Corporation sales
are $95 5,10O, 900, or 2067 per cent Of
that $46, ,000, 900 quota.
Evening star., 1944-07-30

Chester w. Nimitz, commander in
chief Of the Pacific Fleet, to be
broadcast from Pearl Harbor.
Those scheduled to speak includ.
Secretary Forrestal, Admiral Ernest
j. King, commander in chief of the
fleet, and Capt. Mildred H. McAfee
director of the WAVES.
The program will begin with q
parade of all Navy women stationed
in the District area. Under the
leadership of Comdr. Tova P. Wiley
assistant director of the WAVES
the women in battalion formations
will march from the north side OF
the Monument Grounds around the
base of the Monument to the Sylvan
Theater. They will be preceded BY
color guard.
Martial music will be provided by
the Navy Band under the direction
of 1t. Charles Brendler, Navy, and
the WAVES Glee Club led by Gloria
Link, specialist second class, Naval
Reserve. 1t. Frances Rich, NavaI
Reserve, will be mistress of cere-
monies for the program, following
which battalions from the various
quarters in the area will sing some
Of the traditional Navy songs.
The entire area surrounding the
grounds will be roped of for the
event. Because of the large number
OF WAVES expected to attend
civilians wishing to witness the
ceremony must stand outside the
ropes. Ampliflers. however, will be
provided to carry the music and
speeches.
In the event of rain, the Navy De-
partment announced that rally will
be held at $3.50 pm. tomorrow at the
Sylvan Theater.
Similar anniversary celebrations
will be observed by more than go 1000
other Navy women OF duty through
out the country.
Evening star., 1944-07-30
WAVES 10 Celebrate
Anniversary Tonight;
10000 10 Take Part
President Highly Praises
Naval Reserve as 1t
Marks I'd Birthday

. In what is believed to be the
largest gathering of military women
in American history, some 10000
officers and enlisted personnel OF
the Women's Naval Reserve will
observe the second anniversary OF
the founding OF their service at q
rally at $50 pm. today at the
Sylvan Theater on the Monument
Grounds.
President Roosevelt, in a birthday
congratulatory message. commended
the WAVES for their fulfillment of
"a great purpose" declaring they
had released enough noncombatant
duty men to man all our landing
craft in the invasions of Normandy
and Saipan.
ON this second anniversary of the
establishment of the Womens Re-
serve, United States Naval Reserve,
the Presidents statement said, The
Nation gratefully recognizes the
valuable service of thousands of
patriotic women.
uIAihCu oICAt L IDOSS.
History will record that the
WAVES fulfilled great purpose. In
500 shore establishments of the fleet,
women in uniform took over the
work of Navy men. They released
enough of them from noncombatant
duty to man all our landing craft
in two important operations: The
Normany landing on June 6 and the
invasion of Saipan on June IS.
The Women's Reserve will con-
tinue to speed the victory day by
efficient performance of vital duties
ashore. Speaking on behalf of the
people of this country. offer birth
day congratulations. AS you women
of the Navy work to back up our
fighting fleets during the remaining
years of war, the pride and trust of
Nation is with YOU"
Declaring that the second an
niversary of the WAVES "is an oc.
casion of rededication for 1880
women in naval uniform" Secre-
tary of the Navy James v. For
ASotoi, AL ALAS DAl CllOdy klCCIlIlR W
the Women's Reserve, said 1T also
offers an opportunity for the en-
tire service to express appreciation
for outstanding accomplishment"
Heartening to Men.
Il speak for the officers and men
of the United States Navy" he con-
tinued, "in saying to the members
of the Women's Reserve: Your
third year of service will be of in
creasing Importance as our forces
attack. Every man of the fleet is
heartened by the knowledge that
your willing efforts will support him
in the battles ahead until our en-
emies are completely driven from
the seas!"
Highlighting today's program at
the Sylvan theater will be a con-
message from Admiral
Evening star., 1944-07-30
BY MARION WADE DOYLE

Each of Washington's $4,000
Federal employees probably thinks
he knows which of the Govern.
ment's agencies is hottest to work
in, but the Public Buildings Ad-
ministration, official custodian oi
temperatures, ct al, would just as
soon not say.
We have no such figures. Take
two days to compile them. Why dc
you want to know" Star reporter
was told.
The reporter explained that lot
Of people debated over lunch tables
and Office desks the hottest spot to
labor here from May to October
1t might be interesting to get the
official opinion.
Call back later" the administra-
ton said. We'll see."
No Complaint at OPA.
While the administration was
seeing" the reporter thought she
would do little telephonins her.
self.