davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1944-09-15
MAP on Page A-6.)

By the Associated Press.
LONDON, Sept. 15.-Powerful
American armies surrounded the
German border city Of Aachen
today and captured Nancy and
Maastricht, strongholds at oppo-
site ends of their 180-mile front.
Doughboys drove 10 miles into
Germany in Siegfried Line busting
offensive which had pierced the
first zone of that fortified system
at two places and deeply dented 10
at third
The 1st Army moved its tanks,
infantry and self-propelled guns
around Aachen, historic passage
way of Europe's contending armies.
1t. Gen. Courtney H. Hodges offen-
sive was proving the Nazis' vaunted
Siegfried Line to be an obsolete coll
lection Of easily cracked concrete
pillboxes-at least in this sector.
"Aachen Is surrounded and with
in American grasp" said a dispatch
from the front. American troops
stood on the Germans ventilated
caves on Aachen's outskirts and
forced the enemy to move like moles.
They were within 40 miles of the
Rhine.
The 10-mile penetration of Hit
ler's realm was just above the Ger
man city of Trier, east of Luxem-
bourg, where a 2-mile advance into
the Siegfried Line was announced
yesterday.
Move Past Trier.
This apparently moved the Amer
leans past Trier, one of the strone-
est centers of the Siegfried Line,
well on the way to Wittlich. 20
miles to the northwest, and within
so miles Of Coblenz on the Rhile.
Trier is miles from the Luxem.
bourg border.
Eysden, Dutch border village, fell
in the sweep which took the Yanks
through Maastricht.
Stolberg, 5 miles east of Aachen
and Z miles from the border, and
Lammersdorf, IL miles southeast of
Aachen, fell in the sweep of opera
tions in the Rhineland border area.
Nancy, famed French bastion Of
121 900 on the banks of the Meruthe
in crook below the Moselle, fell in
the southern onslaught of 1t. Gen.
George s. Patton's Sd Army at II
am. Is am, Eastern war time.
Maastricht. Netherlands city Of
$1,000, guarding the Meuse Canal,
where the Germans made their
crossing into Belgium in 1910, fell
during fierce penetrations OF Ger
man defenses north of Aachen, the
German high command announced.
Announcement Confirmed.
The announcement was confirmed
by war correspondent of Aneta,
Dutch news agency, who said the
capital of the Province of Limburg
was liberated by American troops
and Netherlands forces of the in
terror.
Nancy, 14th city of France and
historic scene of French resistance
both in ancient times and in the
World War, Is 68 miles from the
Strasbourg crossing of the Rhine.
The Germans, who had reported
the jaws of an iron wise closing on
(See WFSTERN FRONT page 1-e7
Evening star., 1944-09-15
BULLETINS
GREYHOUND Driver Fined

Charles Gresholz, Is, of
Baltimore, driver of . Grey
hound bus involved in an ac-
cident with q Capital Transit
Co. bus July q, in which AZ
passengers of the buses were
injured, was fined SIS today
for, failure to control y We
hicle ~ an intersection. He
was absolved Of charges of
failing to give full time and
attention to his driving by
Municipal Court Judge Ar
mond Scott.
Presidential Gag Charged
Two Republican members
Of . House committee invcsH-
eating the Federal Commu +
cations Commission deciai Il
today that President Roose-
welt is blocking their inquiry.
Representatives Miller Of Mis-
souri, and Wigglesworth Of
Massachusetts, said they had
asked release of the presi-
Dental gag" which had
"stifled" important evidence.
Sentenced in Robberies
Robert Catlin, II, of the
1890 block Of HI street NE,
said to be . former marine,
today was sentenced by Visit
ing Judge b. Lovett in District
Court to serve one and one
half to four and one half
years on charges Of robbing q
taxicab driver and 4 bus
driver.
Hospital Site Sought
First steps insuring early
construction Of the new 400
bed George Washington Uni
versity Hospital were taken
today when the Federal
Works agency asked the Jns-
tice Deparsment 20 institute
condemnation proceedings in
District Federal Court for
acquisition Of the site. The
Government will ask for pos
session By November I.
Evening star., 1944-09-15
HurricaneLos
Is Estimated al
80 Millions
New Jersey Resorts
Are Hit Hardest:
Fl Die in Storm
BULLETIN.

Damage totaling at least
$50, 0,000, 900 was reported today
as the Northeast States sur
veyed destruction inflicted
last night by a hurricane
which caused 81 deaths In five
States.
The bowling tropical storm
headed through the Canadian
Province of New Brunswick
late today.
1t was expected to skirt the
edge Of Prince Edward Island
and pass up the Gulf of st.
Lawrence into the open At
lantic.
Evening star., 1944-09-15
PAT TON TAKES NANCY; ;YANKS INVADE PALAU
|Worront Issued in Puris
For Arrest of Petuin
~ the Associated Press.

~ tue Abb0ciHteu FfeSb.
NEW YORK, Sept. 15.-The
American Broadcasting Station in
Europe (Absie) said today French
Minister Of Justice Francois de
Mention announced in Paris that Z
warrant had been issued for the
arrest Of Marshal Henri Petain and
that he would TASK for the creation
Of special court" to try the former
Vichy chief of state.
The broadcast was reported by
the Once of War Information.
Evening star., 1944-09-15
UNRRA Openir~ Deloved

MIN 1NEhAA, 1Ss.~. AZ trl.-->/fctl-
ing Of the 4A-nation council Of the
United Nations Relief and Rehabili.
tation Administration was post.
poned today until tomorrow. The
eastern hurricane delayed arrival Of
delegates.
Evening star., 1944-09-15

LONDON, Sept. Is GA mys-
terious explosion in a secret she'll
filling plant in Northwest England
killed possibly 20 men and women
before dawn today,
Evening star., 1944-09-15
City Of Aachen
|sEncirc|edby
Forces
10-MiIe Penetration
Of Germany Above
1rier Is Revealed
BULLETIN.

THIRD ARMY HEADQUAR.
TERS IN FRANCE R.-Lt.
Gen. George S. Patton's troops
today captured Epinal, 40
miles northwest of Belfort,
which Is menaced by the 7th
Army. Epinal is 81 miles
southeast of Nancy, and its
capture represented an ad-
vance OF Is to 18 miles from
Mirecourt or Charmes.
Evening star., 1944-09-15

A Finnish broadcast said the Fin
nish cabinet and officers of the Diet
were summoned to an emergency
meeting today to consider matters
connected with Premier Hantti
Hackzelrs illness" The broadcast
was reported by the owl. Hack
cell. head of the Finnish armistice
delegation, was stricken in Moscow
last night with a brain hemorrhage
which was said to have left him
paralyzed.
Evening star., 1944-09-15
Major League Comes
AMERICAN LEAGTJE

Boston at Washinxton-S:3o pm.
Chicago at st. Louis-9:15 pm.
Detroit at Cleveland-5:30, $3.50 p.m
(Only Games Scheduled.)
Evening star., 1944-09-15
Finnish Isle Attacked
By German Forces
BY the Associated Press

STOCKHOLM, Sept. The
Firms announced today that the
Germans. their former partners in
arms on the Eastern front, attacked
the Finnish island of Hogland dur
ing the night after a surrender ulti-
matum was rejected.
A Finnish communique said the
assaults were repelled except at one
point, where the mopping up of the
weak German bridgehead is contin-
uing this morning."
The German attack was the first
outbreak of hostilities between the
Nazis and Films since the Firms
broke diplomatic relations with Ger
many September and ordered the
Germans to quit all Finland by Sep
tember Is.
The garrisoned island, also known
as Suusaari, is in the Finnish Gulf
about midway between Kotka and
Narva. 1t is important as a con-
troll point for German attempts TO
blockade the Russian Baltic fleet.
The island also has protected the
northern flank of German forces
trapped by the Russians in Estonia
and Latvia.
The Finnish communique said
the attacks were launched by Ger
man naval forces against various
parts Of the islands coast and that
nine German ships were reported
either sunk or set afire.
Evening star., 1944-09-15

At Chicago-First Game
st. Louis 100 600
Chicago 200 90
Batteries-M Cooper and ". Cespef
CAiDnan and GILLESPIE.
Brooklyn ut Boston-Postponed.
Cincinnati at Pittsburgh-S:3e pm.
New York ut Philadelphia-s pm.
Evening star., 1944-09-15

(See QUEBEC, Page "A.
Evening star., 1944-09-15

(See CLAYTON PAGE AID
Evening star., 1944-09-15
20 Feared Dead in BIust

(See LITTLE STEEL, Pag'
Evening star., 1944-09-15

(See PALAU. Page A-I5.)
Evening star., 1944-09-15

(See PLANE. Page A-15D
Evening star., 1944-09-15
Wsothsr Report

Clear. cooler tonight: low near %
pleasant Tomorrow.
Evening star., 1944-09-15
NATIONAL LEAGUE.

At Chicago-First Game
Evening star., 1944-09-15

lSee WESTERN FRONT, Page A-6
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-09-30

The Detroit Times has far
more nationally famous fea-
lures than any other Detroit
newspaper.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-09-30

and has sold more than 5000 War
Stamps. lie has earned many Times
awards for ms ,ales achievements, lnolud-
ins SIS cash and wagon. Ills prohs
average SIS week. lie owns three War
Bonds and has $500 in the bank.
Diagnose lives at SOIL BALDWIN avenue.
He IS student IN the eighth srade Of
Barbour intermediate School, where print
ine and nathemlti,, are his fivorlts sub
leots. Hs ambition IS 20 be either >
neUsp1per reporter or printer,
Bob plays softblll and basketbill IN
teams m Detroit Times Carrier Leagues and
PLAYS baseball on his school team. lie
lel.p.- -tsaaaret-AaA- hsereles-as
hobby. lie CLAIMS has most thrilling
experience was the first time has picture
appeared IN The Detroit Times. lie at
tends ~ryicc, every week at ST. Gath
crimes Church.
Bob likes CARRYING rapcrs for the valu-
able, practical experience he has snned.
His parents, MIR. and Mrs Joseph Dag
ne,e, recommend ntwsplfer Carrying tor
the praeticll business experience II gives
boys 50 early IN lts.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-09-30
Chief on Stand
In Reward Suit
BY Bob Kane
By Zane Grey

BAY CITY. Sept. 29-After a
full day OF questioning by eight
attorneys representing IL claim
ants 10 a $500 reward, Police
Chief Frank w. Anderson was
due back on the circuit court
witness stand today
The interpleader suit was
opened Yesterday before Judge
Carl n. Smith 10 decide who shall
receive the reward offered nearly
a year AGO FOR information that
led 10 the apprehension Of the
slayer OF Floyd Alderman, local
theater manager.
Attorneys attempted 20 trace
various tips received by the po-
Ice department during the sew
eral weeks search. each trying 10
prove his client presented the
information leading 10 John WooSl
now serving a life sentence in the
holdup Staying.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-09-30
Renews Request
For 1-Wdy Traffic

BAY CITY. Sept. pa re-
newed plea for one-way streets
to help Bay Citys traffic prob
lens was made today by Commits
sioner John +. Morrison.
Street widenlngs as postwar
projects would not be needed If
intelligent traffic engineering was
used 10 lnaugurate one-Way
streets. Morrison Contended.
I'VE could save all the money
YOU want 10 spend widening
Streets" he said. Every city
Of any size is using the system
tn good advantage and Bay CITY
is well laid out for it,"
William Cameron agreed nut
other commissioners believed rhe
city was too small for such ideas.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-09-30
Eddy Shipydrd Gets
Army-NdWE0tt z

BAY CITY, Sept. 29-The Eddy
Shipbuilding Corp. will get the
army-navy + award for excellence
in production at a ceremony here
Oct. u.
Makers OF small tugs for the
army and the navy. the corpora
ton is the second local shipyard
TO receive an + award, Defoe Ship
yard receiving the Navy + two
years ago for construction of DE
and PC boats.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-09-30
Boy Scouts to Aid
War Chest Drive

SAGINAW, Sept. % - Boy
Scouts will place War Chest
posters in industrial plants and
other employment ccnters tomor-
row as final arrangements are be-
ing completed for Saginaw
County's 1914 United War Chest
campaign for S425000.
City and rural campaign or
CARNATIONS viii he completed by
Monday. leaders said
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-09-30
War on Rats
Bay City Commissioners
Seek Exterminators

BAY CITY, Sept. Getty COM
have declared war on
rats and have ordered the city
manager to try and find eXtermi-
majors who can handle the local
rat problem.
Kiwanis Club members had
urged a campaign against the IN
creasing rat menace but commits
sioners paid little attention until
Commissioner William Cameron
reported:
They killed a rat in my ward
that was IL inches long"
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-09-30
-ADvER;7TIs EMENT

Paws concentrating on Wheat
les And he's getting lots II i'm
portant whole grain nourrshurent
and satisfying second helping
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-09-30
TIMES DAILY CROSSWORD

ACROSS 17-CkS's AspeTsionS 2o-Tndefinite sgticie,
I-cusruns. 2l-Tfees.
S-SuhSideS 1A-SpanSh peninsula @4-Mcocy
p-TumuN 2T-GOTfCrt.
1o--Shcc lSNuncy Ia. 2Sf'0hUGh Oh
feathers Iz-Spresd S2-king OF Ba5hsn.
1l-Epic
1s-Erlal-t =
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-09-30

ERE pleasant little game give you
day 1t numerical puzzle designed to speh oa
fortune Count the letters II the number
Of letters s less than g.
key number Start at the upper left
and check OF key
the the letters under
the checked figures gfve you Q-30
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-09-30
Named
In War Chest Drive

FLINT. Sept. 29--Mrs. s. a.
Boatman and Mrs. s. s. Stewart
ST.. have been named co-colonels
in charge of The women's division
nj the 1914 War Chest drive for
$500. 1000. beginning Oct 9.
Workers in this division VIII
contact small commercial con-
Germs in residential districts not
solicited by the special gifts and
national firms divisions.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-09-30
BY i'm SLOWER
To&a, We
PtetrHf
ROBERT
DIAGNOSE

Bob has been 4
carrier IN Baldwin
avenue for tV-o and
a half years, dur
ing which time he
has increased his
number OF custom
ers from 20 70 l03
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-09-30
Saginaw ShrinerS
To Fete POlentale

SAGINAW, Sept. 29-Menbers
of Elf Kurafeh Shrine will enter
tain. on Nov. l6, the Shrine i'm
perial potentate, Afford G.. AL
word. Fargo, n. D., according 10
Potentate Ralph Hartley, who will
have charge OF plans.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-09-30

favor m those crisp-tossted malt
favored fakes. TWEEN Yourself.
Have milk. frust and Wheatses,
breakfast Of Champions
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-09-30
2estaurateur's Rites Set

LESLIE. Sept. 29-Funeral
services were being planned today
for Daniel c. Morea, "A. restau-
rant operator who died of a heart
attack. MorcaS had operated q
restaurant here for 40 years.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-09-30

A YOUNG BUSINESSMAN
Introducing Another Busy, Bette,
Boy Detroit Times Carrier
No. fIM ST0WrR
SiebenbuÌˆrgisch-Amerikanisches Volksblatt. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1917-1971, 1944-12-14
QUESTIONS?

Answers will be founu OH page I.
]. What is the date for the co3l-
mencemert OF the presidents 4tI
term
,. How many OF the presidents
and their families have resided in
the White House:
:. Thirtv-one men have served
as president OF the United States.
How many have served as vice.
president:
4. What other official title does
the vice-president bear:
5. How is it determined whether
or not the president is at the
| White House:
8. In what year was the seat OF
government moved to lhe District
OF Columbia,
!. What salary do justices OF
the Supreme Court receive:
8. Who administers the oath to
the rice-prcsident:
SiebenbuÌˆrgisch-Amerikanisches Volksblatt. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1917-1971, 1944-12-14

mass OF the people OF the United
States whether they were Demo-
Gratis or Republicans, have clear
ly voted against the tenets of iso.
lationism. :. The famous dictun:
of Abraham Lincoln was perhaps
never more apt than it is at this
moment. The American people
are no longer fooled. They have
learned by the experience of a
great tragedy. Today they see the
truth that the liberties for which
their sons are fighting. can only
be .saieguarded, if an international
organization, capable OF maintain
ing peace and competent to bring
about through the years which lie
ahead world order and social eco
nomic progress, is successfully
established"
SiebenbuÌˆrgisch-Amerikanisches Volksblatt. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1917-1971, 1944-12-14

mical Engineer has been promot-
ed to the Captaincy. He is at pre-
sent stationed as an Instructor of
Chemical Warfare Service at Fl
Der. Alabama. The promotion is
the best evidence that Edwin A.
Petri is doing a excellent job.
Captain Petri is the brother of
1t. Robert A. Petri at present
stationed at overseas with theAvi-
alton Airway Service in England
who, no doubt. will be inspired
by the promotion of his brother
Edwin and will try to follow in
his footsteps.
Both Captain Edwin \. Petri
and 1t. Robert \. Petri are mem
bers of Branch l of the Central
Nerband and when at home they
also we're members OF Cleveland
West Junior Club.
SiebenbuÌˆrgisch-Amerikanisches Volksblatt. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1917-1971, 1944-12-14
BLESSED EVENT

Mr.. and Mrs. Michael Schnei-
der OF 2l5 W. 2lst Street, Lorain,
Ohio, announce the arrival Of a
9 lbs. baby girl Frieda on Decem-
Der 8, 1914, at the St. Joseph Hos
pital. Both mother and child are
doing fine. MIR. Michael Schnei-
der, 40, and Mrs. Marie Schnci-
der, IS, we're married 10 yeWs and
his Is their first child and father
Schneider says that good work
takes time and that they not going
to stop now because he wants a
son. Mrs. Schneider is the daughter
of Mr.. and Mrs. Michael Weber OF
400 W. 25rd St.. Lorain, Ohio,
who are very proud to become
grandparents again.
SiebenbuÌˆrgisch-Amerikanisches Volksblatt. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1917-1971, 1944-12-14

fdeducted for Social Security purposes
beginning January 1st. The employer
i'll match this increased amount.
Current collections have far exceed
ed the demands. By January 1st there
will be in the fund-over and above
xpenditures-more than billion dol
lars. This reserve is not cash. The
government takes the cash, uses it for
other purposes. and places in the fund
interest bearing government bonds.
You have noticed the bill passed the
House by a vote of ZOE to u. The
overwhelming vote was due to the fol-
lowing points which were brought out
during the debate:
I. There is no increase of benefits in
the bill. When benefits are increased
a new and higher rate may have to be
voted.
2. Meanwhile. the large reserve that
has been built up is ample. Since this
reserve is in the form of bonds. in order
to use any part of it the government
will have to 60 out and raise money to
replace the bonds held in the fund, the
actual cash having been spent.
3. The payroll tax is a gross income
tax, tax on total income with no re-
gard for relative responsibility of en-
ployees. It falls as heavily upon the
married man with several children as
,.pon the single man with no depen-
tents or cares. Especially would an
SiebenbuÌˆrgisch-Amerikanisches Volksblatt. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1917-1971, 1944-12-14
CLEVELAND EAST
NEWS
Bv Dot Melzer

Cleveland. O.. Dec. l4-Elec-
ton OF officers was held on the
first Friday OF December.We have
a fine capable group of officers
this year and action plus advance
ment will be the result. The new
officers are:
President. Elsie krich
Vice Pres. Emile Schneider
Treasurer, Laure " Gilman
Cor. Scc'y.. Ruth Schroeder
Rec. Scc'y.. Marie kcssler
Reporter. Ethyl krich.
The new officers will be install
cd during the january business
meeting.
This Friday night, the 18th
there will be a social at the Sach-
scnhcin. Come on doNn with bells
and get out your Christmas spirit
1t is our Job on the homefront to
see that those boys are home next
Christmas. We h,re can help in
our own little way. Buy at least
cne extra bond during the holi-
day and keep it up during the
year. You can then say to your,
self. I'm doing my part to help
bring ne boys back hoiue for next
Christmas" Let's hope and waite
and pray that /. win Je over soon
SiebenbuÌˆrgisch-Amerikanisches Volksblatt. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1917-1971, 1944-12-14
NONE TO BLAME BUT
OURSELVES

as reports Of Cleveland. Ohio. =,
SlO,OOC,COO gas tank explosion ard
fire continued to trickle in, indi-
eating death total of over Us
persons. official fguers revealed
that the total fire loss ior the ma
ton will be in the neighborilootl
OF Sl4O,OOO,OOO in 1914.
Losses commenced 10 gan,
noticeably in l94l with accelcr-
ated war production. They ha1 c
risen from S2So,OOO,OO0 in rcui,t!
figures in 1910. to the present near
record level. Not only are dollar
totals rising alarming!y, but the
fire loss rate is beginning to show:
an upward trend. The experts at
tribute the latter to green help,
shortage OF materials, prioritics.
ana lnccsSant use OF equipment
Men and women who have never
worked before in factories are un-
familiar with the hazards around
them.
Anyone callous enough to think
that this tragic turn OF events has
no bearing on his welfare, should
heed the words Of the New York
Herald Tribune in commenting
upon the situation: "1'he dangei
of continued high fire losses, be.
yond u reasonable point. lies il
the fact that premium rates art
| bound to rise. since fire insurance
companies cannot pay Out more il
losses than they receive in pre-
SiebenbuÌˆrgisch-Amerikanisches Volksblatt. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1917-1971, 1944-12-14
NEW CASTLE, PA.
NEWS
BY Edith and Helen.

New Castle, Pa. Dec. l4-As
YOU all know Christmas is Just
around the corner and we still do
not have the addresses of all our
servicemcn. Families OF these
boys please give the addresses to
any OF the Juniors so Christmas
cards can be sent to ALL
\ nice crowd showed up for the
bowling last SUNDAY. even Io.
was represented by Lou Eberth.
We won't go into the subject of
scores but we know that Ethel is
getting good. It's too bad that
the girls keep "Scratch' Hitch
from making good scores. He says
that he can do a lot better when
they are not around but that is
only what he says.
OF course. everyone is plannin"
to come to New Castle on Jan. 20
and p for the Bowling Tourna-
mcnt. Reserve these two days for
us and see if we can carry out
our word that everyone is bound
to have nice time. even though
it will be a little too late for
mistletoe. There is. however. a
correction to be made concerning
the cost OF additional games which
will be 1923 instead OF 5O.2S. as
stated in the T. S. !. A. report
There is nickel saved already
and you'll all be needing them to
attend the events planned for the
next few months.
= It's. very nice to hear that Flea
nor Bender is recovering from her
recent illness. Good health be
yours soon. Eleanor.
We offer Our hearticst congra-
tulations to Ma. and Mrs. Henry
Schneider vino were blessed with
a baby girl last Sunday. Mrs
Schneider is the former Hilda
Reinerth of Farrell and Henry is
/ one of our Senior advisors.
By the way. we hope Paul was
not too lonely over the weekend
at home alone.
- Be grateful for the privilege
of being permitted to exist ii
Gods great universe. Show tina
gratitude by your everyday deal
ings with your fellow man.
SiebenbuÌˆrgisch-Amerikanisches Volksblatt. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1917-1971, 1944-12-14
miums, i'll the long run.

miums, i'll the long run.
This point has not been reach
ed on 4 national scale. :. Unless
greater care is taken, however. the
public will have to pay more for
coverage OH fire risks
We cannot expect to continue
to be careless with fire and not b.
forced to pay for our carelesSness
For many years the cost of fire
insurance has been going down
If it starts up, we will have nc
one to blame but ourselves.