davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1944-11-04

Percentages in the last war were
based on a representative sampling
OF 78.940 enlisted men. Percentages
on this war were based on a repre-
sentative sampling of about 100000
army enlisted men.
Facts on educational levels Of
service men and women in the
present war were supplied TO the
Office OF Education by all branches
OF the armed forces. Because SINH
lar facts for the last war were
available only for army enlisted
men. information on the educa-
tional levels OF men and women in
branches of the armed forces other
than the army was not included
The once Of Education study ON
educational levels was done BY .
committee including DR.. ErAest v.
Hollis. principal specialist in higher
education. chairman: DR.. Francis
C. Cornell. chief Of research and
statistical service, and DR.. Carl A.
lessen. senior specialist in second
a-v e5rcation. all OF the Once OF
Education.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1944-11-04
Ann Arbor High
Student SERIES
On GuadaIcanal

GUADALCANAL - Pvt. Gilbert
w. Newman, son Of Mr. and Mrs.
Albert Newman. III Allen Drive.
represents that part OF the state in
a medical sanitary company sta
toned at this base.
His organization is part OF the
army service forces operating here
and is an auxiliary Of the medical
department. Here at this station It
is employed in conjunction with
several malaria survey and control
units. Together. they cover all OF
the outlying camp areas, hunting
the breeding PLACES of the malaria
carrying mosquitoes and eradicat-
ing them with toxic fuel oils.
Pvt. Newman duty in the or
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1944-11-04
CTS BETTER
EDUCATED IN
WORLD WAR i

The median level of education OF
American soldiers in this war Is the
second year of high school, as COM
pared with the sixth, grade educa-
ton held by the average doughboy
in the last war, the Office of War
Information reported this week on
the basis of comparative statistics
compiled from representative
sampling studies conducted by the
United States Office of Education.
Federal security Agency. and the
War Department.
In this war, 233 per cent Of the
soldiers had completed four years
Of high school. whereas only 3.5
per cent of the soldiers in the last
war had done so.
The two largest groups in both
wars, however, included those who
had completed no more than Ave
to eight years of grade school. The
percentage was 27.4 per cent in this
war, as compared with SIS per cent
in the last war.
The number of persons who have
completed no more than the first
four years OF grammar school, in
this war amounted to 35 per cent
as compared with 24.4 per cent in
the last war. No comparison Of the
rates for rejection for iliteracy can
be made between this war and the
last since in both cases these re-
jections have been closely associ-
ated with other causes for rejection
and comparable statistics cannot be
obtained
More College Men .
Four years of college or more had
been completed by 3.6 per cent Of
the soldiers in this war. as COM
pared with one per cent in the last
war.
A percentage table, comparing
army enlisted men Of this war and
OF the last war on the basis OF the
amount of formal education they
bod raraiyad fo11awe.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1944-11-04
THOMAS l.. WTNBURN
PROMOTED

WITH THE 93RD INFANTRY
DIVISION IN THE SOUTHWEST
PACIFIC AREA-It was announced
in the 93rd Infantry Division that
Thomas L. Winburn, son of Mr.. and
Mrs. Ben Winburn. Isl Tennessee
street, Detroit. Mich. has been pro-
NOTED 10 corporal.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1944-11-04

ganization is that as a member Of
It's crack spraying team. Several
hundred gallons are used daily by
this group. and so effectively as
10 merit a recent commentator by
the island commander.
He was indicted into the armed
forces in September. l943 while a
senior at Ann Arbor high. and sent
10 Camp Berkeley, Texas for train
ing. Upon its completion. he was
stationed at Camp Reynolds, Pa.
during March and April l94+ and
joined his present organization
here two months later.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1944-11-04

L. Col Joseph w. Utter of New York City N Y eatsd who
recently assumed of infantry unit duty in the
promotions of first line officers
chaplain members Left right: Capt Charles
F. White tadutant Baker Chaplain Capt. Elmer p.
Gibson tsenor ehapan Philadelphia Pal L. Col Baisds c.
Kennon Executive ofcer Mass Officers read
ing from left right Isl L. Clarence Gaines J Cleveland
Ohio; LIST L. Lacy Wilson Detroit Mch Isl L. Rudolph Skaggs.
Tere Haufe Ind Isl L. Arthur Dwight Savannah Ca ls L.
Allen D. RaneY. Chieoihe ohio Chaplain Capt. Booker
Davis Gaona N c.; LIST L. Chester A. Wilson. Ekart Ind
and Isl L. Richard Shelton ST. Louis. Mo.
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1944-08-31
You Con Help

A very worthy project will be
taken up this month by the schools
of the nation. 1t will be the gather
ing Of old clothes and shoes for
Russian relief. All of us can help
in that. Undoubtedly most homes
contain a number of old garments
and shoes that have been discard
ed but that still have many months
of wear in them If taken out of
clothes closets and donated to this
good work, they will help to make
our Russian allies, warm and more
comfortable during the coming win
ter.
1t is difficult for us who have
never experienced all the horrors
Of war to grasp all its implications
Last year those working in Russian
relief found there were rs million
Russians who were. badly in need
of clothing. 1t is said there will be
more Of them this year in need OF
assistance. The Germans have strip
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1944-08-31
DEAN ;
SCHOOL TO START SEPT. II

The Troy schools, both grade and
high. will open for the school year
of l944-45 on September II at 900
a m. A full staff of teachers for
the grades has already been secured,
but there remains one vacancy IN
the high school yet to be filled
While Troy school officials have
faced the universally difficult prob
lem of securing full and complete
corps of teachers. there are many
reasons at this time to believe that
a normal variety of courses can be
offered to the high school students
More information in regard to sub
iects and courses will be made pub
lie in the near future.
The building has received some
very necessary repairs, renovation
and minor changes have been made
I and some kalsomining in halls and
rooms will be completed before the
opening day The automatic coal
stoker was set up and tested the
first part Of the week and should
produce degree of comfort and IN
Iiform heat throughout the building
and during the entire year, far sur
passing the hand Wood-flrlne
method.
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1944-08-31
CURFEW LAW
EFFECTIVE SEPTEMBER 1. 1914

II shall be unlawful for any boy
or girl. under the age of 10 years
of age. to be found in any public
place or in or upon any street or
alley within the corporate limits OF
the Town of Troy, between the
hours of 10 p. m. and 4 a. m. except
ON Fridays and Saturdays, when the
hours shall be ii p. m. and 4 a. IN.
The, same time limit shall apply to
Youths between 16 years and 10
wears. except for week ends. Viola
lions of the above regulation shall
be the responsibility of the parents
or guardians of such minors, and
of the proprietors of public places
to see that youths are not allowed
in their places of business during
the restricted hours.
This measure is hereby declared
an emergency measure by the Town
Council of the Town of Troy. a
violation of the order shall be pun
ishable by fine of $4,000.
TOWN COUNCIL OF THE TOWN
OF TROY.
BY EDITH B. MASON,
II Clerk.
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1944-08-31

ped every town from which they
have been driven. Every disable az
ticle of clothing has been taken
Russian textile factories have been
converted to war production. Inc
simple fact is that there is no pos
sible means by which the Russians
can provide themselves with cloth
ing. 1t must come from the kind
hearted people of other lands,
It's a small thing to ask-that we
give our old clothes, out of ouI
abundance, to help lessen human
suffering. Tons of such clothing vii
be needed. Every clothes closet II
America ought to be stripped bare
of all surplus and unused CLOTHING
when the call is made within tht
next few weeks.
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1944-08-31
WoMAN,s CLUB TO HOLD FAIR

September IL has been set as the
date Of the fair, with which the
Woman's club have opened their
season for several years now. Home
canned fruit, vegetables, jellies,
etc, are on display. along with
fresh fruits and garden products,
The cut flowers are always worth
viewing, as nowhere are more Deau-
tiful flowers grown, than IN Troy;
| The far as usual will be held
on the Farris lawn, and each mem
Der will bring guest. More plans
will be announced later as they arc
completed.
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1944-08-31
BRIEFS BY Baukhage

In every farming business, there
is hazard year somewhere In the
future. It might be drouth, foods,
livestock disease or just low prices.
A farmers financial success Is
measured by his ability to ride
through these hazard years. The
wise farmer viii insure his next haz-
ard now by investing \ substantial
portion Of his wartime income IN
war bonds.
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1944-08-31
Mavericks Work Retarded

Then at last the leaven began to
work-the whole argument OF the de-
tenders of little business, based on
the assertion that certain industries
could be resumed without interior
ing with the war effort, touched the
iron heart OF Donald Nelson, head
OF the WPB LOT which Maury Is a
vice chairman). Nelson arose and
announced 1.-THE first OF series OF
moves" and suddenly the whole tide
turned and an entirely different at
titude was evident on the part OF
the other members Of the War Pro-
duction board.
This first OF a series OF moves
takes away some Of the restrictions
on the use of aluminium and mag
nesium.
But do not visualize fountain OF
pots and pans, skillets and coffee
pots springing into being over night.
Something is cooking but it is on a
slow Are.
More important is the not-yet-pro-
claimed raising Of restrictions which
have been keeping idle and excess
inventories OF SURPRISES Of STEEL ly-
| ing dormant, impotent and useless
while small plants have the yearn'
ing facilities and willing manpowel
equally idle and capable OF convert
Ing these SURPRISES" into thousand:
Of gadgets the consumer badly
needs. Perhaps by the time thi:
appears in print, the WPB will have
issued an order raising some OF Thu
restrictions on this vital product
But all this takes time. Meeting
have been taking place for the pas
weeks and the WPB Is gradual,
! coming around to the Smaller Wa
Plants corporations views and tn
insistent hammer on their doors b
conscientious congressman.
As to the aluminium situation,
Is this Is written, the present
order Is yet to be clarified. Steps
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1944-08-31

men have a job to do-they're do
ing it because they want to finish
it off and get home.
Neither emperor worship nor he
70 worship appears in their dreams
of glory; they dream, in moments
between pulverizing the enemy, CT
the Jobs they'll come home to, the
families they have or will have,
and most often of the little shop or
business they will start for them
selves and be their "own boss"
Perhaps no one knows all this
better than the men Of the Ameri-
can Legion, for they once were sol
diers themselves and now are the
dads of the lads in the ranks. Thus
the postwar program just an
nounced by a Legion commission
commands, as it should, the atten-
ton of all who sincerely have at
heart the welfare not alone of the
returning servicemen but also OF
the country they went forth to de-
fend.
The Legion advocates "employ
ment fostered by system Of free
enterprise embodying the greatest
encouragement to Individual initia
tive and to every sort of soune
business leadership, along with al
effective implementatien of ma
tional program of fair and impair
tial treatment for both management
and labor"
OF unquestioned patriotism, from
a background both military and par
0 entail, and with a quarter-centur,
: of experience behind it, the Legio
r speaks-and makes sense.
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1944-08-31
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
TROY NEWS
NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS.
LETTER FROM PRISONER OF
WAR

Mrs. James Cobbledick received a
card from her son, M/Sgt. Harry D..
Cobbledick, who is prisoner of war
of the German army. The card was
dated May 80 and reads: Dearest
Folks. Am happy to inform you
that | am we'll, sane, and in the
hands of the enemy. Please inform
nv other friends, will you? Wait
for a permanent address and partic-
ulars will follow soon. | love you
DEAN"
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1944-08-31
None Quite Like 1t

i
place like the good old U. S. A.
That truth is being borne home
with great emphasis to the thou
sands of American men and women
who are today scattered all over
the world. That they are feeling this
finds frequent expression in their
letters coming back to America.
Nearly every letter gives voice to
the longing to get get back home Many /
Of them draw comparisons between
life as they see it in foreign lands |
and what It is here in the lard |
of the free and home Of the brave"
1t is most interesting to read
some of those letters. Some Of our
men are having unusual experiences.
They are coming in contact not on
ly with the rough side Of war but
they are meeting some Of the more
cultured people Of foreign lands.
The discerning ones perceive
great injustice. They tell of how a
few of the privileged classes live
in luxury and have most Of the good
things Of life, but the great majority
of the people possess only squalor,
\ ignorance and poverty. Even in the
more enlightened nations, there's a
great difference between the stand
ard of living of the privileged few
/ and the mass of the people.
In writing home these men tell us
Of their renewed conviction that
!; there is surely no place SO good as
our own America And yet there arc
{ those here who are always harping
; on how much better everything Il
done in Europe They are trying
, with might and main to convert our
| American way of life into the Eu-
ropean way. They are always hold
! ing up European systems of gov
t eminent as model for us to pat
, tern after, And if ever there is (
land where complete mess ha
4 been made of everything, it is Eu
rope.
: Among the many things that hav
# united to make America great, ther
II is one factor that holds a preemi
t nent position. 1t is our system 9
v free enterprise. 1t is capitalism. Ar
% other is the freedom from class re
ID strictions. The poor boy can elm
ic to the highest honors. 1t all d.
If ponds on him. The highest office
ID the land can be his, even the pres
ic dency, as has so often been show
e. in our past history. Today one fine
III another pertinent example of TIL
oy lack Of class restriction. One Of Il
candidates for the office of pres
dent comes from very loWly peopl
as does also his wife. Both of the
have come from moderately well
do but honorable people. Thomas
u Dewey has climbed to where he
governor of one of our create
states. He may become presidel
=, That's an example in the line
~ public office. In finance and bu
ID ness many poor boy has work
- his way up to great wealth In
m professions and in lives of servi
- there are likewise countless exa
!, pies OF those Of lowly origin livi
t. lives of the greatest success a
-. service Truly America can lead
4. the world. Why should we try
- implant any of the isms of Euro
onto this great nation?
49,
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1944-08-31
WNU Service, Union Trust Building,
Washington, D. G.

WNU Service, Union Trust Building,
Washington, D. c.
The press gave notice few weeks
ago of the installation OF swarm |
of bees in the Office Of a government
agency. It was in the Smaller war
Plants corporation, and it was
placed there by that ball-of-fire, up
and-doer, wounded and decorated IN
the last war, defeated for reelec-
ton to congress, and ex-mayor OF
San Antonio, Texas, Maury MAYER
ick. He said he got the bees to pro-
vide living example Of how to keep
busy
| thought the gesture amusing,
typical of the dramatically inclined
Maury. So went down to look the
scene over, noted certain subsequent
events and | decided that the ges-
ture, although amusing enough, was
by no means an empty one. For
within one week. something hap
pened, the significance Of which has
been all too little appreciated. Re-
| conversion began and the long stag
nant tide turned in favor OF little
business.
II is only a trickle SO far, but the
/ flow has started, which, it Is hoped,
will eventually get the wheels OF
small business, which had been
slowed down past the danger point,
moving again in the manufacture Of
civilian goods.
Less than q month before, Maury
Maverick, armed with series OF
charts, had appeared before a con-
gressional committee and said:
Concentration of production in
the hands OF big business has grown
by leaps and bounds since 1899 :
Using the metal trades as an ex-
ample, he said:
"Since the war started, the proper.
tionate share of little business ir
metal products industries has rough
ly been cut in half
Still later. just before the bees (ol
whatever it Was) stung the govern
ment to action, Mr.. Maverick be
came more pessimistic. He toll
congress-.
1.-THE mobilization of small bust
ness has reached the critical stag
the civilian economy is shor
OF civilian goods and getting short
er dangerous infationary pres
sures 4. cutbacksin war contract
g.. are causing unemployment
1t was gloomy picture Mr.. Nav
erick painted His office had Worke
hard, the congressional committee
on small business had worked hare
but the War Production board turne
a deaf ear to all demands on tn
basis that any resumption OF civi
ian production might interfere wit
the war effort.
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1944-08-31
Beck to School

Next Tuesday the school bells CT
the land will ring again and boys
and girls will wander back with
reluctant feet to another year OF
schooling. If one holds to the long
accepted tradition, it is with reluc-
lance that the boys and girls go PACK
to their classrooms and to the'r
studies. But personally, we very
much doubt that. As a matter OF
fact, we are sure most Of them take
I'D their school duties with pleasure
after the summers vacation they |
are glad to get back into the actlvl-
ties and the pleasures that school
brings to them.
This year, just at the opening OF
school, something most unusual has
appeared in public discussion. TINS
is that officers of the army and
navy are exerting special effort TO
induce boys under II years OF age
ia return to school and complete
their education In last weeks issue
we printed letter from Wee Aa
niral Randall Jacobs of the u. >.
navy in which he urged this very
thing He said that we are to-day en-
gagged in a technical war and the
nation needs young men who know
enough Of the fundamentals OF
mathematics and science to be able
to learn quickly how to operate and
maintain our mechanical equip
ment. Young men under ~ can
best serve their country by equip
ping themselves with the required
education.
That is a reasonable view to take
at this time but we feel there IS a
still better one. As never before the
world today needs educated mer
and women. 1t needs young men ane
women who have been trained ff
think for themselves. If this repub-
lie is to continue its great work
II must have an enlightened citizen
shin. Naturally that requires tina
the young men and women ren1a'l
in school
In this connection. 1t IS interest
ing to- delve into the history OF tn
word school We get it from IN
Greek and also through the Latlf
Originally it meant a pauslng, Q
resting. Some harassed teacher
probably think that conception stl
dominates the thought Of many
their pupils when tired teacher
have difficulty in inducing the pL
pills to work and not play. But IN tn
development of the word, we fin
that the ancients used the pausin
or resting. for a discussion of topit
and finally for the dissemination
knowledge. It gradually came
take on its present meaning.
Horace Mann said the comm'
school system is the greatest dl
covery ever made by man. AS Anne
leans, we have long been proud
our schools. Since the beginning
civilization, schools OF some Sc
have existed but for centuries or
children Of the rich or those W
were to be fitted for the priestho
received education. The pub
school system of America is one
the few systems SO far develop
which meet the needs of democra
communities logically and adequa
". Here education is offered to
and the schools are patronlzed
all classes.
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1944-08-31

Mr.. and Mrs. Robert Peterson and
daughter and Robert Russell spent
Sunday as. dinner guests OF Mr..
and Mrs. Axel Peterson in Libby,
the occasion being a fareWall din
ner for Mr.. Peterson's brother, Al
bert, who is on his way east, from
where he will sail for Persia.
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1944-08-31
Visions and
the Legion

Our fighters in the front lines
and the fox-holes are fired by no
such futile fanaticism as character
ICES the Japs and the Nazis. Our
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1944-08-31
WOMAN'S SOCIETY OF CHRIS
TTAN SERVICE

The Woman's Society of Christian
Service held their monthly meeting
Thursday at the Methodist church.
AS planned for the summer months,
potluck dinner was served. Fans
were made to start the regular meet
ings again in September.
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1944-08-31
FORMER TEACHER MARRIEs

Mrs. Lorraine Brown has received
word that Miss Evelyn Arnston,
former Troy teacher, has recently
married and is living in Fomah,
Wis. Miss Arnston has wide circle
Of friends here who extend congrat-
ulations and best wishes.
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1944-08-31
CLASSMATES ENJOY REUNION

Miss Idella Walden Of Chester
was a guest of Mrs Lorraine Brown
Monday and Tuesday OF last week,
Miss Walden and Mrs. Brown were
classmates at the University Of
Washington.
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1944-08-31
FRIENDLY CLUB

The Friendly club met Thursday
at the home of Mrs. Ella Savage.
This is the first meeting following
a months vacation. The last meet
ing was the picnic at Savage lake
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1944-08-31

Youths between the ages OF 10 and
l7h years may enlist, with their
parents consent, for training tor
service In the U. S. merchant ma
rine.
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1944-08-31

More than 5000 bicycles are going
to China by air. They are to be
used by the Chinese army In areas
where roads or lack Of them present
barriers to larger vehicles.
The Western news. [volume] (Libby, Mont.) 1933-current, 1944-08-31

To keep your distrib-
utor dealing sparks
without a miss and pro
tect all the other important
parts of your car at the
same time is the job of
Standardization.