davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1944-07-03
Our International Airport

A reporter writing in yesterdays
sunday Star described the fine new
International Air Terminal, nearing
completion at the National Airport.
1t is made necessary by present de-
mands OF daily travel to and from
the ends OF the earth, although the
reporter picturesquely described the
new facilities as "preview of the
age Of flight"
1t was not more than twenty years
ago that another Star reporter, n.y.
Ing over Washington, was writing
descriptions of how Gravelly Point
looked from the air and discussing
the site As the logical location for
the great airport that some day
would have to be built as an i'm
portant adjunct Of the Nations
Capital.
Had the President not intervened
IN the ensuing years, cutting through
congressional indecision on where to
locate an airport If one were ever
built, there might have been no air
port at Gravelly Point today. And
that would have been a serious han
dicap, for no single airport in the
world today is quite so important to
off1cial Washington as the National
Airport at Gravelly Point.
Something OF the same vision
shown by the President in making
emergency funds available for the
Gravelly Point development is need
ed now on the part of those who are
trying to obtain necessary legislation
to fix new boundary lines across the
river between the District of Colum-
bia and Virginia. The Attorney Gen.
eral and his advisers should think
again before dismissing, quite so
abruptly, the proposed amendment
to the Randolph boundary bill which
would make of the National Air
port-parts Of which are in Vir-
ginia-a Federal district. This
airport already. has become a focal
point for world air commerce. It is
a part OF the Nations Capital, just
as the Pentagon development and
adjacent areas used for public build
ings are parts of the Capital.
While it is important to settle the
legal jurisdiction in such areas, it is
even more important that they be
settled with an eye to the future
when the expanded needs of the
National Government will best be
met under the National Govern
ment's undisputed control.
Evening star., 1944-07-03
The COP Committee

The Republican National Commit
tee, revamped in accordance with
the ideas Of the party's presidential
nominee, Governor Thomas e. Dewey
Of New York, has a big task of or
ganization before it. Organization
and administration are things in
which the new candidate excels. He
cannot attend personally to all the
varied details. He has picked men
who are qualified to take care of the
details.
The new party chairman, Her
bert Brownell, jr., of New York,
although only forty years old, has
had much experience. He handled
the 1912 campaign which landed the
Governor winner In Albany by a
big majority over his opponent. He
handled also the campaign to elect
Joe Hanley lieutenant governor in
1s43. 1t is significant that Hanley
won over the Roosevelt backed
General Haskell by 350000 votes.
Mr.. Dewey won his nomination for
the presidency-or rather had it
thrust upon him-without making
commitment to any man or any
group. In that respect, he is par
ticularly fortunate. He is, however,
believer in the two-party system
and in party organization. 1t is
obvious to Mr.. Dewey that for sue
cess In a political campaign it Is
necessary to deal through an organi-
cation which is we'll knit.
Mr.. Dewey, therefore, has insisted
upon the selection of officers for the
national committee devoted to the
cause of electing Republican Presi-
dent, and, quite naturally, particu-
larly interested in Mr.. bewey's own
success. Wendell L. Willkie, when
he took over as presidential nominee
in 1910, picked the chairman of the
committee and saw to it that as
many of his friends as possible held
key positions. Mr.. WILKES mistake,
however, was in not dealing wholly
with the national and the State or
ganizations. He favored the Willkie
clubs set up throughout the country
rather than the regular organiza-
tions and this brought both con-
fusion and jealousy. Mr.. Dewey will
make no such error.
In the reconstruction of the ma
tional committee, Mr. Dewey has
been charged with eliminating some
Of Mr.. WILKES friends-Senato
Weeks Of Massachusetts,, for ex-
ample. who has been treasurer, and
Mrs. Grace B. Reynolds of Indiana.
who has been replaced rs vice
Evening star., 1944-07-03
Norman H. Davis

1t was from an active and sue
eessful career in the field Of business
the Norman H. Davis came altruis-
tically into public service. Born in
Bedford County, Tennessee, August
g. 1878, educated at Vanderbilt and
Stanford, married at twenty and
settled" as a commercial banker in
Cuba at twenty seven, he was drawn
to Washington by the entrance of
the United States into the First
World War in 1917. His earliest posi-
ton in the Government was that OF
financial adviser to the Secretary of
the Treasury in charge of loans to
foreign countries. He was appointed
to a similar post on the American
Peace Commission at Paris and also
was member Of the Supreme Eco
nomic Council and the Reparations
Commission The work to which he
was assigned demanded tact as we'll
as frankness, diplomacy as we'll as
firmness. Those qualities were
among his gifts. and they 60 far to
explain his high achievement.
President Wilson wanted him in
the Treasury again in 1919 and 1920
and as Undersecretary Of State in
1920 and 1921. During the admins
tration Of President Coolidge Mr..
Davis was head of League of Ma
tions commission to settle the fate
of Memel territory President
Hoover sent him abroad to partici-
pate in the economic and disarma-
ment conferences Of 1892. Twelve
days after President Roosevelt en-
tered the White House, he was made
chairman of the American delega-
ton at Geneva with the rank of
ambassador at large His principal
endeavors in those days were in
tended to restrict "the merchants of
death" whose operations reasonably
were believed to be promoting inevi-
table strife. He talked with Hitler
for two hours in 1887 without con-
structive result through no fault of
his own. 1t was his wife who per-
suaded him to accept the chairman
ship of the American Red Cross that
same year. When she died in 1912,
he carried on as he knew she would
wish him to do, though his health
was impaired.
Mr.. Davis accomplishment, of
course, is merged with that of all of
his aSsociates-thousands of them
and his biography, especially since
1899, has been 80 closely identified
with the cause OF war relief that it is
lost in the. whole vast inclusive
Evening star., 1944-07-03

chairman. Ths more correct way to
interpret these changes, however, II
to say that Mr.. Dewey wants men
and women In key positions who are
devoted entirely to his own cause.
The new treasurer Of the national
committee, Jouett Ross Todd, gives
another touch Of youth to the Dewey
campaign-aimed ut tired and
quarrelsome" old men in ONCE. Mr..
Todd, like Mr.. Brownell, iSno novice
in politics. He has been the Repub-
lican leader in Louisville. Kentucky,
= border State which finally gave =
Republican victory In 4 gubernA-
torial race last year.
Evening star., 1944-07-03
This Changing World
By Csssfssljss Brosrn

such ~ Wilno, the Kremlin can safely
establish q government Of its own max
ing in all the liberated areas and show
it, hand more freely than 1t could .
few months ago.
war must have . triple priority: hence.
1t il doubtful that either the American
Or British governments can have the
SLIGHTEST objection to anything Russia
wishes to do in the east lest Premier
Stain become offended. This Is well
known In Moscow and duly taken ad-
vantage Of.
In the words Of Secretary Of State
Hull. the major objective Of our foreign
policy Is to win the war; the political
matters, can be ironed out, In his opin-
ion, when the war Is over. According
to usually we'll informed quarters, Pres
ident Roosevelt's conversation With Po-
hsh Premier Mikolajczyk proceeded
along the same line when the Polish
ago. Mr. Roosevelt is said to have
stressed the fact that Russia desires no
territorial expansion. except In terrific
ries which are rightfully hers, and thAt
the Polish government in exile should
rely On the fairness Of Moscow.
But there Is q large section Of the
American people who see the war not
only Is . struggle against the totalita-
rianism Of Hitler and TOTO but also ~
= war to permit free people to remain
free. However, the actions of our war
associates may cause intense disillusion-
ment among the many Americans who
have whole heartedly indorsed the At
lantic Charter. intended to give . full
share Of victory To the large and small
members of the United Nations The
fruits Of that victory are contained in
the four freedoms pledge rs well a. In
the charter and are intended to allow
all nations to continue q free and In
dependent resistance, regardless Of their
size or geographical position.
The Polish government In London may
or may not represent the Polish people
1t Il up to them to express their views
clearly after Poland has been liberated
and free elections held
Premier Mikola jczyk Is said to be pay
ing little attention to the actual boun-
ary dispute with Russia. During his
onicial trip to Washington he was in
terested in obtaining Russia's agreement
to establish . Polish civil organization
from members Of the underground who
are now in Poland in all areas which
the Soviet does not claim as its own.
Observers conclude that the decree
issued Saturday by the Supreme Soviet
is an indirect answer to the Polish Pre-
mier's request.
Evening star., 1944-07-03
Sunday Streetcor

The streetcars. splitting lightning from
their backs,
Split Sunday Nth the clash of mo-
tors rhyme
The rheels scream tonally on shiny
tracks
And neatly cut the hours IN scheduled
time.
The passengers, less docile than unkind,
Become bellioerent masters for dime,
Claim sQuatter's rights, to age and
beauty blind,
And sit like oarooyles In pantomime.
The motorman has lost the posoer to
smile.
Discomfort BY s,oeat he studies
crime,
Cajoles his inmates IN their black holeS
aisle
And learns to hate his smoky, hot.
Dor eifme.
Denoninator Of q common coin,
The trolley takes the meek and the
sublime,
Admits ths poor or rich. chils porksrs
Join
And dust maskrst ptth ths ship-
yards srisss.
Evening star., 1944-07-03

The foreign plank In the Republican
platform might be good enough except
for the Antiquities of wording. the re-
emphasis on the retention Of the two
thirds majority Of the vote Of Senators
present, which could easily stifle world
organization and the continual use of
meaningless phrases. such as "co-opera-
ton and sovereignty But the domes-
tic part of the platform cancels out the
foreign part. It calls for high tariffs
and even puts structures on Mr.. Hull's
mild reciprocal trade agreements. 1t
demands the speediest end OF price and
other Government controls OF all kinds
It piously afirms . real good -neighbor
policy with Latin America. and reaff1rms
the very prohibitions on agricultural I'M
ports which have been the bane OF our
relations with our southern neighbors
1t suggests loans to foreign countries
with which to buy our products but It
does not suggest how these loans are
to be repaid except in goods.
1t places the whole emphasis on pro-
duction. and wants a mitigation of taxes
on industry to aid production, which
needs some 10000 900 more CUSTOM
ers II we are to maintain full en-
ployment the 'avowed objective of Gov.
Dewey. 1t suggests planned reserve
Of public works. such as flood control.
road building, etc. to take up the un-
employment reserve. but asserts that
the Government must never compete
with private business and passes the
initiative to the States. 1t wants hous-
ing program but doesn't want the Fed
eral Government to do more than
finance it.
1t sees the hope for future employ
ment OF the returned soldier in small
business. blandlv overlooking the fact
that the United States is, par excel
Evening star., 1944-07-03
Challenge and Opportunity

Though its deliberations may tend
to be heavy and dull with technical
tiles, the monetary conference now
beginning at Breton Woods. N. H.,
is the most significant development
of its kind since the start of the war,
representing as it does the first in
ternational effort to work out q CO.
operative plan for establishing an
enduring, long-range economic basis
for the next peace.
In the past two years there have
been similar meetings, but as Presi-
dent Roosevelt pointed out in his
message to the forty-five united
and associated nations represented
at Breton Woods, these dealt es-
sentially with the emergency prob
lens to be met as soon as the enemy
Is driven from occupied areas. The
present monetary discussions, on
the other hand, deal with something
much more permanent-with moth
ing less than trying to mold the
economic cornerstone without which
no genuine worldwide structure Of
collective security can be built. In
Mr.. Roosevelt's words, what happens
at Breton Woods will therefore test
the capacity Of all the participating
countries to cooperate in peace as
they have in war and will thus have
a far-reaching effect, good or Ill, on
the long future.
To achieve the twofold objective
OF the conference.-the creation of a
stabiliZation fund to guarantee
sound currencies and promote world
trade and the formation Of an in
ternational lending agency for self
liquidating reconstruction projects
in the postwar period-will be no
easy matter. We can accomplish
the task. as Secretary Morgenthau
declared in his excellent opening
address, "only if we approach it not
as bargainers but as partners-not
as rivals but as men who recognize
that their common welfare depends.
in peace as in war, upon mutual
trust and joint endeavor," upon the
realization that the thread of eco
nomic life in every nation is insep-
arably woven into a fabric OF world
economy"
Breton Woods thus challenges
the wisdom and vision of all men Of
good will who understand that the
next peace can be sound and lasting
only If it is based on an economic
foundation offering mutual enrich
ment to the nations Of the world.
The conference proposals are meant
to be worked out in fair give-and-
take manner, for as the Czech
finance minister has declared, no
country, however small or poor,
wants to receive a "handout." AS
this thought suggests, and as both
the President and Mr.. Morgenthau
have suggested, the participants in
the project must be like industrious
neighbors working together for the
common welfare Of the community
as q whole
Evening star., 1944-07-03
The Normandy Front
BY Maj. George Fielding Eliot

All this has its effect on the decisions
of the German commander in chief
He cannot count on any unit reaching
its destination on time, or intact He
must. therefore, be extremely careful
about committing any large part Of his
reserve forces to the Normandy action.
II he does 50, not only can he not be
sure that 1t will be effectively used,
but he can not be sure when and in
what condition he can get it back II
he suddenly needs it elsewhere.
He knows roughly what Allied forces
are in front of him in Normandy but
he does not know what other Allied
forces are waiting in Great Britain, nor
where these forces may be going to
hit him. He Is reasonably sure that
the Allied troops in Normandy repre-
sent only fraction of the strength at
the disposal of Gen. Eisenhower, and
that is probably the most disquieting
OF the considerations upon which his
actions must be based.
The German commander In chief
cannot find out what Gen. Eisenhower
Is going to dc next because he cannot
use air reconnaissance freely. Indeed.
the Luftwaffe in France Is now, In gen.
eral, operating either from bases south
OF the Loire, or bases far to the east
near the German frontier. From all
nearer bases they have been driven by
the constant attention Of the Allied
flyers. 1t Is impossible for Field Mar
shall Won Rundstedt 10 get any reliable
information under these difilcult condi.
tions
A few missions, perhaps, may with
great dimculty be flown over Allied ter
ritory. but the continuous painstakinx
work OF air reconnaissance and photos-
raphy which Is 20 invaluable to the
Allied commanders is denied to Won
Rundstedt. Yet he knows that the Allies
have complete command of the sea.
he knows that he has to guard q long
sea frontier facing the British isles.
and he needs only to look at the map
to realize that II he commits the major
portion Of his striking force as far west
as the Normandy bridgehead, he will
be laying himself open to a deadly
thrust which might strike directly across
his communications with Germany.
In the old days when German troops
went racing over the face of Europe
at terrific speed, under cover Of 4 cloud
Of planes, these difaculties might be met.
But today. when the clouds Of planes
belong to the other side and when there
Ia none too much motor TRANSPORT or
gasoline available for the Germans, the
German Army no longer has the stra.
tAgio mobility to deal With sudden
changes In the battle situation.
(oopSrisAt. 1e44.)
Evening star., 1944-07-03

The decree issued Saturday BY the
Supreme Soviet permitting Inhabitants
Of the western provinces Of White Russia
and the Ukraine to adopt Polish citi-
senship. together With the announce
ment Of the Council Of Polish Patriots IN
Moscow that New Poland" renounced
the Polish sovernment-in-exile in Lon
don % being based on 'the illeGal con-
stitution Of 1885," has created 4 new
sensation In Warrington and gentle
frowns from high onaciab Of the State
Department.
There are some who regard the de-
cree here as being Noscow's answer to
the friendly representations BY Presi-
dent Roosevelt to adopt . more COM
promising attitude toward the Sovsrn-
ment In exile. It also u considered -
the last preparatory move to establish .
new Polish government With the ex-
elusive assistance Of the Council Of Po-
lish Patriots, Soviet-created orSaniza-
tion.
The action of the Supreme Soviet.
which may be given . number OF omcial
interpretations In order to smooth the
muddy political waters, Of the United
Nations, Is seen as having only one
meaning-it shows . definite decision OF
the Kremlin not to recede from its orig
inal position, which called for direct or
indirect incorporation into the U6SR Of
all Russia's border states. Some Of
them, such as Latvia, Estonia and Lith-
uania, were incorporated through pleb-
iscites In the summer Of 1910. others,
such as Poland and Finland. after she
has been defeated on the battlefield, will
be incorporated in 4 milder manner
by the creation of Soviet-sponsored gov
ernments The new Soviet constitution
as amended three months after the
Teheran conference gives 4 wide lati-
tude to all states extending from near
the Arctic Circle to the Persian Gulf,
to join the USSR.
1t was obvious to those who were on
the "fringes" Of the Russian Embassy
at Teheran, that Moscow would not re-
cede from its decision to create safety
zone" in Eastern, Central and Southern
Europe At the expense Of the nations
which had enjoyed full sovereignty be-
fore September, 1899.
-
The Soviet government is putting this
policy into effect methodically. 1t had
some indirect dealings with the Polish
government in exile until 1t discovered
that the powerful Polish underground
was determined to continue to fight the
Germans regardless of whether or not
Poland was sacrificed politically. Now
that the Russian armies are expected
soon to liberate important Polish cities
Evening star., 1944-07-03

It is reasonably clear, from reports
coming in from the Normandy battle
front, the Germans are not yet able to
produce a really formidable concentra-
ton Of power for q major counterattack.
The old patching" process continues.
Units reaching the battlefield have to
be thrown in to plug up the holes.
Reports from British military observ-
ers say that the series of attacks on
June 70 was the only occasion on which
the Germans were able to use their
armor scientifically; otherwise, before
and after that day, they have been COM
PEELED to waste it in a scattering of
small shows" along the front of the
British Canadian bridgehead beyond
the Odon River.
The attacks of the 20th were really
strong attacks lasting for about four
hours The Germans took some ground
and infiltrated into the British lines;
but they were thrown out during the
night. apparently because they did not
have enough infantry to consolidate
their gains.
It Is interesting to note that these
successful counterattacks were carried
out by 4 new British infantry division
which had never before been under fire.
This Is not only fine testimonial to
the quality Of the men and to the battle
leadership of the junior officers. but it
emphasizes the value of the realistic
combat training which has been car
ried out, using actual battle conditions
and even live ammunition. It speaks
well for the prospects of the many new
and untried divisions, American as we'll
as British, which must in the course of
the next few weeks be thrown into ac-
ton against German veterans.
The Germans continue to suffer the
consequences Of lack of strategic mo-
bility. This Is in large part due to the
operations Of our air forces, aided Of
course, by the French Underground.
From British sources comes an esti-
mate that 80 per cent Of all German
trafdc in the vast area between the
Seine and the Loire is now moving by
motor. That means that the railways
are virtually out of business, due to the
destruction Of bridges, yards and tracks.
to attacks on locomotives within the
area and to sabotage.
1t Is heavy handicap for the Ger
mans, especially when 1t Is pointed up
by incidents like the destruction Of 900
German vehicles at one blow by our
heavy bombers on the evening of June
30. German tanks are reported COM
PEELED to move toward the battle area
by road, On their own tracks, which
means that when they reach the front
they are generally IN need Of repair
befofe they can b used.
Evening star., 1944-07-03
On the Record
By Dorothy Thombson

lence, the country Of big business with
servitude upon 1t.
This Is 4 platform for strong business
and weak Government In 4 time when
only strong Government, strong busi-
ness. and strong labor-and strong CO.
operation among all three-can even
begin to meet the American postwar
problems.
It proposes in essence and with minor
concessions, a return to the postwar
program Of 1919 We are to hedge our
selves behind q high tariff. take OF all
controls. lend money abroad. The re-
suit would be exactly the result of the
twenties. We would have a high wide
and handsome fling Of inflationary pros
perity. followed by collapse that would
make that Of 1929 like Vermont freshet
flood compared to 4 Vesuvious eruption.
Furthermore, such 4 domestic policy
would make constructive and intelligent
cooperation with the rest of the world,
for the maintenance Of peace and the
extension and creation of the general
welfare. absolutely impossible.
The present administration is accused
Of being old and tired But the Re-
publican platform Is the most senile
and tiredest document I have read in
many years. 1t advocates an economic
setup that died in the twenties carrying
the world down to war and destruction
with It,
Gov. Dewey is. therefore. at this mo-
ment in the same dilemma that involved
Wendell Willkie four years ago.
The question is whether he can lead
his party where 1t plainly doesn't want
to 60. and keep them liking it. No
one can answer that question in ad-
vance
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