davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1944-06-07
This Changing World
By Constantine Brosyn

The momentous battle for the estab-
lishment of important beachheads in
Western Europe has started.
It will be 10 days, If not more, before
it can be said with any degree of GER
tainty whether we have been successful.
On the securing of solid and perma-
nent beachheads depends the success or
failure of the greatest military adven-
ture ever undertaken by the United
States and Great Britain.
The initial stages of the battle are
bound to be favorable to us. While the
tactical surprise element involved in
our landings perhaps is uncertain, Gen.
Dwight Eisenhower has a long coast
line for landings, and is able to chose
the exact spot where the main Allied
effort will be applied. A general COM
manding defensive force cannot Judge,
even if he is not taken by surprise, the
precise locality where the attacker will
make his heaviest assault. But after the
invading force has landed and before it
is capable of capturing large naval
base the enemy can move his forces in
an endeavor to prevent the seizure of
port.
So far the Allied offensive has been
successful. None of the -trumpeted
surprise weapons" of the Germans, IN
cluding the rocket gun allegedly capa-
BILE of hurting between and tons of
high explosives for range of 100 miles,
have come into play. Whether or not
these surprise weapons" exist will be
seen in the near future. 1t is too early
to breathe with relief and say that all
this talk was unadulterated Nazi propa-
ganda.
Military opinion in Washington has
Aeen divided ever since the British re-
ported the existence of the weapons.
Some believed they would be brought
into play as soon as our invasion barges
moved from their invasion ports; others
maintained the Germans might permit
the first waves to land and then use
their rocket guns to block Allied REIN
forcements. All these are speculations.
The truth will be known before the
week is over.
In the meantime, it would be extreme
Evening star., 1944-06-07

the slightest respect for the religious
and cultural institutions of that most
Catholic of countries. They bombed
Warsaw to bits to achieve more quickly
what they could have accomplished
without such destruction. They razed
Czech villages-not alone Lidice-to
the ground, simply as acts of wanton
reprisal. They did saturation bombing
over England In the so-called "Bae-
decker raids against which they now
protest in holy horror. They destroyed
parts of Rotterdam after an armistice
with Holland.
Furthermore, leading spokesmen of
the Nazis have warned openly that, If
threatened with defeat, they would un-
loose such destruction that all Europe
would go down with them. Some
months ago people feared they would
destroy Rome, carry off the Pope as
prisoner, and fulfill the threats made
when they were atop the world.
But that Is not the way of bullies.
Intolerable in victory, they begin dis
covering the instincts of gentlemen as
defeat looms. This shows in their
propaganda. At the beginning of this
war there was no talk of their being
the saviors of Europe and the protec-
tors of European culture. They were
out for Lebensraum, and domination.
] Now, to read the German newspapers,
1t is European integrity and culture for
which alone they fight.
y Il
Now the Germans, confronting defeat,
are apparently trying to balance the
books more evenly on the crime record.
They will one day argue the diff
ference between the behavior of the
German armies and the Nazi party di-
visions. The atrocities in Hungary are
being carried out by S. S. men. The
planned determination policies in the
east were in the hands of the Gestapo
Rome was spared by the German Army
The German general staff already knows
that it will back1re if they attempt to
whitewash party Nazis, and they pre-
pare to differentiate.
Thus the sparing Of Rome is a po-
htical symptom of the first order. The
German general staff has taken notice
of the advice of Hamlet, Assume
virtue If you have it not"
CReleased by the Bell Syndicate, Inc)
Evening star., 1944-06-07
First Invasion Moves
By Mai. George Fielding Eliot

The first move in the great battle of
decision in Western Europe has been
made. Allied troops are ashore on the
Channel coast of France. All the cum
ming plans of Adolf Hitler and the
German general staff have come to
naught, Germany is again compelled,
with dwindling resources, shattered
air force and an army decimated by
years Of fighting, to face all the perils
and hard decisions of a war on two
fronts.
This Is the great, the overpowering
fact of the moment. Beside it the de-
tails of what has happened SO far seem
to pale into insignidcance.
Yet these details, what we know of
them, are important and already are
beginning to form vague pattern.
The enemy resistance appears to have
been scanty at the beginning-surpris-
ingly so, even to those who had antici-
pated that the enemy would not attempt
to hold the beaches, but would prefer
to keep his forces closely grouped for
counterattack later on. There has been
almost no air or naval action by the
enemy so far reported from any Allied
source against our landing craft either
while crossing the Channel or in the
course of landing the troops and there
has been very little enemy air action
reported over shore areas where our
troops have landed.
Our airborne troops seem to be well
established and are said to have suf-
fered only light casualties. Perhaps
this was to be expected after a prelim-
mary air bombardment in which IL 200
tons of bombs were dropped in the
invaded areas within a period of 81
hours. But it also seems likely that we
achieved at least some measure of
tactical surprise; that is. that we struck
the enemy on front where he was not
expecting us and was none too we'll
prepared to oppose uS-at least at first.
u
It has been possible, therefore, for the
British Prime Minister to tell the House
of Commons that "the operations are
proceeding in thoroughly satisfactory
manner"
But we must not assume that these
satisfactory conditions will continue to
be encountered. IN fact, the less the
enemy strength in the forward areas,
the greater the power which he will
have in hand for purposes of counter
attack once he has determined the
areas in which we are making our main
effort. And against the initial lack of
air opposition, we must set the grim
words of Reichsmarshal Goering THE
invasion must be fought off even if it
means the death OF the Luftwaffe"
Most observers believe that the Luft-
waite has been keeping considerable
number Of aircraft in hand for the day
of need, "a that these planes will be
thrown into the battle with ruthless
vigor at the time when they will be
Evening star., 1944-06-07
Letters to The Star
Cleveland Park Library Project
Suggested as a Memorial
a the Editor of The Star,

To the Editor of The Star:
There is an old saying about success
which holds: He has achieved sue
than he found it."
We of the Library Committee of
Cleveland Park believe that one way to
leave the world better is to insure the
continuance of the four freedoms; also
that one certain road to that end is
by way of books We therefore started
a movement to obtain a branch of the
public library for this large and over
crowded area in Washington entirely
lacking in such facilities. We learned
that branch library would have been
built in this vicinity long ago had the
cost of real estate not been prohibitive.
We therefore offered to attempt to meet
half the cost for the purchase of a
central site which has the united ap-
proval of the entire community-resi-
dents, businessmen, churches and
schools.
We approached the board of library
trustees. the Park and Planning Com
mission and the District Commissioners,
all of whom looked with favor upon our
undertaking, and in case we are sue
cessful in doing our share, have prom
ised to erect suitable building at the
end of the war. The House of Repre-
sentatives, at our request, passed an ap-
propriation-similar In amount to what
has been paid for library sites elsewhere
in the city-which will take care of
part of the purchase price. The fund
for our half is steadily growing through
contributions from residents and friends.
1t has been called to our attention
that throughout the country there is
tendency at this time to memorable
those whose lives have been concerned
with the perpetuation of the ways of
democracy, through endowments of
libraries or book collections in their
names. We of the Library Committee
and those organizations who have joined
in working with us believe that such
memorials from their very nature must
have an everlasting influence in the per-
petuation of democratic ideals, summed
up in term "the four freedoms"
With the money we already have in
hand and with the sum the House has
voted (and which we understand the
Senate Appropriation Committee ia
vors), we visualize an opportunity for
any who may desire to create a
memorial in the Capital City-an oppor-
tunity to do so much with so little"
We reiterate our belief that regard
less of the length of ones lifespan, he
has achieved success who has left
the world better than he found it,"
Nor Is he dead whose influence still
continues.
JULIAN B. BOILING.
Chairman Library Committee Cleve-
land Park Area.
Evening star., 1944-06-07
Rainbow Before Sunset

1t isn't Just the rainbotD that will make
The heart dance up1uGrd like the child's
OF old,
But the sudden splendor OF the sun,
Shining on the trees that haze been dun,
And hanging then, tDith glistening foil
OF gold.
The grassy foreground Is so green 1t
takes
The breath dwdy,
But ruddier than rust. the middle
groundi
And both are By the rainbop drched
and crotgned,
So short 1UI1tle, before the end OF day.
stand and match the star-,ohite light
ming play
In many q Jagged prong.
So sings the sky,
And neither birds nor
Will, for all the thunder, halt our songi
4 MARGERY MANSFIELD.
Evening star., 1944-06-07

able to do the greatest amount of ex-
ecution.
1t remains to examine the strategic
situation as it now exists, or appears to
exist. Partly on the basis of enemy re-
ports-which must be admitted to be
unreliable-it would appear that the AL
lied forces have landed on broad
front, extending from the tip of the
Cotentin Peninsula (the peninsula on
which the port of Cherbourg stands
practically up to the mouth of the
Seine River.
This is total front, following the
curving shore line, of something like
100 miles. OF course, the whole shore
line is not one continuous landing front;
there are many places where cliffs or
the rocky foreshore make landing diff
cult or impossible. The estuaries of the
Rivers Orne and Viredo, however, offer
good landing facilities, and the enemy
reports that our troops are using both
these spots. They also say that a
large-scale landing has been made at
st. -Hougue, on the eastern
coast of the Cotentin Peninsula and on
two of the Channel islands, Jersey and
Guernsey, which lie off the western
coast of that peninsula.
In fact, the enemy goes so far as to
assert that our initial objective is the
capture of the seaport of Cherbourg it
self, which would seem to make good
deal of sense since the early occupation
of well-equipped seaport is one of the
first requisites in large-scale landing.
The one place where Allied reports
definitely confirm the presence of our
troops is in the town of Caen which lies
some rs miles southeast of Cherbourg,
aStride the main highway and the main
rail line between Cherbourg and Paris.
Caen is almost nine miles inland from
the coast on the estuary of the River
Orne. This does not, however, mean
that landing forces have gotten that
far, since the Allied troops in Caen
may be of the airborne variety.
One enemy report also puts the Allies
In Carentan, only 80 miles southeast of
Cherbourg, and another hints, though
1t does not say so outright. that Allied
landings are contemplated in Saint
Malo Bay, at the southwestern base of
the Cotentin Peninsula.
If this latter report should be con-
flrmed, it would certainly suggest an
Allied intention to pinch off" the
Cotentin Peninsula and thus effect the
isolation of its garrison and the capture
of Cherbourg.
We should, however, accept these early
indications with great reserve 1t is
quite possible that what is happening
now is not the Allied main effort at all,
but Is intended to draw the enemy's
reserves away from the place where that
main effort is really to be made.
tcopyrishts 3s44' New York Tribune fns)
Evening star., 1944-06-07
On the Record
By Dorothy Thompson

It Is interesting to speculate why the
Germans abandoned Rome It is the
first time in this war they have given
up major object without real fight,
or without destroying it. The stereo-
typed report has been, Nothing of value
has been left to the enemy"
If we assume that the abandoning of
Rome was simply disengagement
operation, we must ask whether it would
have been more profitable for the enemy
to have made prolonged defense of the
Eternal City. That seems likely. In his
last appeal before our troops entered
Rome, Gen. Alexander told the Roman
population to keep off the highways, as
our troops would press urgently through
Rome in the pursuit of the retreating
enemy to the north. knowing this it
would have been advantageous for the
Germans to make fortress out of
every house, and to challenge us to
destroy it.
That they did not do this may be due
to another idea in the mind of Marshal
Kesselring. On Saturday he transmitted
to the Vatican a German proposal that
both sides declare Rome an open city,
promising that German troops would
Keep Out Ol fLOIue IL the AllleQ ARMY
would do the same. Had we accepted
this proposition, Kesselring would have
forestalled the use of Rome as transit
for the pursuit. But we did not even
answer. Yet the Germans limited their
resistance to small groups of snipers
and minor skirmishes in the suburbs.
Mx*
So it was not military reasons that
forced them to abandon Rome. And
for once, believe we must accept the
official German reason-that they want
ed to spare Rome.
Seemingly this explodes the picture
we have in our minds of Naziism. AS a
matter of fact, the picture of Naziism
is. exploding. 1t is the most encourag-
ing symptomatic sign in this war, thus
far. For it indicates the defeatism of
the German Army.
We must not assume that here is an
act of conversion. 1t is a matter of
calculation. AS long as they were Ger
tain of victory, the Germans cared
nothing for world public opinion. Vic
torious in Poland, they showed not
Evening star., 1944-06-07
Regulation of Insurance

In four-to- three decision of wide
implication, the Supreme Court has
upset precedent of seventy five years
to hold that the fire insurance busi-
ness Is commerce" and hence sub
Ject to Federal control under the
commerce clause of the Constitution.
The decision. read by Justice Black,
broadens the scope of the Sherman
Antitrust Act, and, in the opinion of
Chief Justice Stone and Justices
Frankfurter and Jackson. who dis
sented, undermines the principle of
State regulation of insurance.
The ruling came as the court
Justices Roberts and Reed were not
In the caSe-upheld an indictment
procured by the Justice Department
charging the South Eastern Under
writer's Association, nearly two hun
dred stock fire insurance companies
and more than a score of individuals
with monopolistic and coercive prac-
tlces in the sale of fire insurance in
six Southern States. The result will
be to bring the defendants to trial.
The court, since the late 186Os. had
held that the insurance business was
built on contracts which are essen
TALLY local in character, and that it
consequently fell within the orbit of
State regulation. 1t says now that
the contracts are but one element in
"a continuous and indivisible stream
OF intercourse among the States"
essential to the execution of policy
contracts, which gives the business
its interstate character, and that
the abuses alleged are those which
Congress intended the Sherman Act
to reach.
Dissenting from this construction
of the Sherman Act, Chief Justice
Stone declares that "the restraints
prohibited by the Sherman Act are
Of competition in the marketing of
goods or services whenever the COM
petition occurs in or affects inter-
state commerce in the goods or serv-
ices" and that insurance does not
meet these specifications.
As to the effect of the decision on
"the permanence of the existing
system of State regulation" under
which the insurance business has
been developed, the Chief Justice
says the Government admitted that
the statutes of at least five States
would be invalidated if the indict-
ment was upheld, "and the argu-
ments in this court reveals serious
doubt whether many others may
not also be inconsistent" with the
Sherman Act.
Justice Jackson asserts that the
holding of the court In this instance
Evening star., 1944-06-07
From Dunkirk to D-Duy

Perhaps never has the wheel of
fortune made a more swift revolu-
tion than in the relatively brief
period between the sixth day of
June, 1910, and that which has just
witnessed the Allied thunderstroke
on Nazi Europe. Four years ago,
Hitler and his swastika- -bedizened
hordes bestrode the Continent like
a colossus. Although France was
not yet formally out of the war, she
was obviously disintegrating. Bel
gium and Holland had already
joined the servitude of Poland, Den
mark and Norway. The British
Army on the Continent was begin
ming the Golgotha of Dunkirk. AL
though by an almost miraculous
combination of circumstances most
of its personnel was rescued, it lost
virtually all its equipment. and
Britain itself was left practically
unarmed except for the Royal Navy
and the heroic handful of Raj.
At that dread moment, Britain, with
the loyal but distant and dispersed
aid of it's dominions and colonies,
stood alone to confront the Frank
enstein monster bent on subjugating
the world to it's despotic and degrad-
ing will.
In this dire extremity, Britain
found salvation primarily in the in
domitable spirit of it's people, in
carnated in the ringing challenge
OF Winston Churchill Perhaps, If
Hitler had been willing to pay the
full price, Britain's resistance might
have been broken. But the victory
over France had been too easy and
had come too soon for German
planning. So Britain was given
precious breathing space wherein to
muster its slender defenses and tap
the well-Springs of it's national soul.
The supreme test did not come until
three months later, and then in
the form not of actual invasion but
of attack by air. For this novel
job the Luftwaffe, geared to close
coordination with ground forces,
was not organically designed. The
result was the failure of the "blitz,"
albeit at the cost of terrible de-
struction and heavy loss of life.
Before the end of 1910, fortunes
wheel had begun imperceptibly to
turn. Italy's treacherous stab in
Africa had miscarried and the best
chance of joining the two ends of
the Axis had been lost. Next year
saw the failure of Hitler's great
gamble in Russia and the entry of
America into the war on Britain's
side, along with the Soviet Union.
A year later came the twin Axis dis
asters of North Africa and Stalin-
grad. Before the close of 1943, the
Axis was everywhere on the strategic
defensive, with the Grand Alliance
of retribution co-ordinating It's su-,
perior strength for decisive strokes.
These began a month ago with the
Allied drive in Italy which has en-
tered Rome. Now the hammer blow
has fallen In the west. with a cor
related blow in the east obviously
impending. Hitler's European for
tresS has long since ceased to have
a roof. Today, the walls are shaking
while the cellar threatens to erupt.
1t looks like the last act for the
Fuehrer and the master race"
Evening star., 1944-06-07

ly dangerous for our own morale to be-
come too high because the initial oper-
ations have gone according to sched-
ule. The enemy facing us Is determined
to fight to the bitter end. All military
men, regardless of nationality, acknowl-
edge this. The German Is well equipped,
well trained and well led. The last bat
tie for the liberation of Europe has only
started and has many pitfalls which
might cause us severe heartaches.
There is no pattern by which we might
Judge its development. The Russian
campaign in which many more men
have been involved than in Western
Europe was exclusively land campaign
AN old-fashioned war.
The italian campaign, which also was
amphibious, was fought on restricted
scale.
But the battle in Western Europe
is something entirely different. The
Germans are fully aware that the
fate of the Reich depends on its
outcome. The massing of large forces
about 100000 men-and the con-
centration of an enormous quantity of
war material behind strong fortiflca-
tions are clear indication that the
German armies are going to slug 1t out
with every ounce of energy they still
possess.
There are no indications as yet that
the German armies are worn out The
divisions participating in this combat
are rested and fully aware of the i'm
portance of their task. Whether this is
only superficial impression our intelli-
gence reports have gained will be seen
shortly. 1t is possible, according to
those who take an optimistic view of
the situation, that the determination of
the German people to resist to the end
might be superficial and after the first
weeks of setbacks they may give up.
1t all depends, however, on develop
ments of the next three weeks. If the
plans of Marshal Gerd Won Rundstedt
fail and the skill Of the commanders of
the ground forces, the Luftwaffe and
the tank corps proves of no avail, we
may witness the collapse of the Reich.
Evening star., 1944-06-07
Where Are We Headed?
ON the Leavenworth Times.

From the Leavenworth Times.
How times have changed Once there
was honor among thieves; but evidently
not any more. When a New York man
who had been arrested for picking pock-
cts was asked for his draft card, he
blushingly acknowledged that he had
had his wallet stolen in the subway
couple of days before and that 1t con-
tanned his missing draft card. A check
with his draft board showed that he
owned one. When the ancient and not
so-honorable order of pickpockets no
longer respects the property of its own
brother. where are we headed2
Evening star., 1944-06-07
Definition Wanted
he Topeka Capital.

From the Topeka Capital.
Testimony in the Montgomery Ward
case makes 1t abundantly clear that the
New Dealers believe the President under
existing law, has authority to seize vir-
tually any type of business in the United
States, even though the war connection
may be extremely remote. If the law
actually grants the President this much
authority, then he is In fact dictator
OF course, Congress never meant to
clouhe him with this much power. And
the sooner Congress defines its position,
the better
Evening star., 1944-06-07

implied condition Is neither actual
nor probable" and recommends that
recruiting and training be termi-
mated. Evidently as compromise,
the report suggests continued use of
those already trained, but the find
ings closely question the value even
Of that
Evening star., 1944-06-07
Lincoln Not Church Member

Lincoln Not Church Member
To the Editor OF The Star:
In your issue of June there is a fea-
ture article entitled Spirit of Lincoln
Permeates N. Y. Ave. Presbyterian
Church" in which is contained the
following: Lincoln joined the church
on coming to Washington in 1861"
If this be true, wide publicity should
be given to the discovery. Encyclopedias,
year books and all responsible treatises
assert that Lincoln never did belong to
any church. His wife did, and he pur-
chased for her family pew, as indi-
Gated in your paper, and with her oc-
casionally attended services and occu-
pied same. A NEADER.
Evening star., 1944-06-07

Even a little house seems awfully
big when there are only a couple of
parents, whose children have mar
ried and gone away, remaining to
live in IL.
Evening star., 1944-06-07

To the Editor of The Star:
Miss Marion Doyle attends the meet
ings of the Board of Education regu-
larly and all her articles concerning the
business of the board are consistently
fair and accurate. She has earned the
respect of the board members because
she reports facts. The Star is fortunate
to have her as a representative and
what Is printed under her name can be
relied upon as the truth
JAMES A. CANNON, M. D.,
Chairman, Finance Committee, Board
of Education.