davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily bulletin. [volume] (Dayton, Ohio) 1942-1946, 1944-11-13

all adopted over a period of II years
for the express purpose of freeing
the slaves, making them citizens,
and giving them the right to vote,
constitute an important chapter in
the history Of the theory and prac-
tice of equality before the law, an
equally essential for the achieve
ment Of freedom. Today, they con-
stitute the sole source Of the power
Of the federal government to pro-
tect individual rights against en-
croachment by the states, and in
some instances, by individuals :"
But these advances in social leg
islation were not to retain their full
vigor for long. In the same address
the attorney general pointed out,
''the pendulum, following the car
pet bag" days and the rise of the
Klan, swung very far in one direc-
ton +. Four years after the rati-
fication of the 18th amendment, the
swing began in the other direction. "
By judicial interpretations such as
those in the Slaughterhouse Case,
the civil rights decision, U. S. v.
Harris, and others, the applicable
ity of the amendments and statutes
was drastically narrowed.
'The passion and power behind
the great amendments were being
cooled by the breath of judicial con
struction AS a result we nov
have on the statute books only frag
ments of the original acts ;. -
It is, therefore, within these rel
! atively narrow limiats that the de
, partment of justice says it can &C
, today to prosecute alleged viola
! tions of what is genrally considered
the ''INalienable" rights of citizens
q white or Negro.
s In order to do this as effectivel
: as possible, a special civil rights sec
The daily bulletin. [volume] (Dayton, Ohio) 1942-1946, 1944-11-13

ton was created within the GRIM
inal division in 1889. It's function
is to examine every complaint of an
invasion of civil rights and, if the
facts seem to warrant, attempt to
discover the legal means by which
a prosecution can be brought within
the limits of the existing law.
The daily bulletin. [volume] (Dayton, Ohio) 1942-1946, 1944-11-13
civil RIGHTS, pE0NAGE
STATUTES ENF0R(ER
Asst 7 YEARS

WASHINGTON, Nov. IA (ANP)
The civil rights and peonage stat
utes, which were particularly enact
ed to protect the rights of Negroes,
have been more vigorously enforced
during the last two years than in
any previous period of the last two
decades, a study by the Associated
Negro Press reveals.
There was total of POI full scale
Investigations of alleged violations
under these statutes during the fis
cal years 1943 and 1914, with pro-
secutive action resulting in rs. That
there were not more prosecutions
is attributed to the strictness of the
rigid judicial interpretations which
have been placed on these statutes,
limiting the right of the federal
government to intervene except un-
der the most precisely defined cir
cumstances.
An examination of the historical
background of civil rights legisla-
ton in the United States reveals
great strides forward during the
first two decades following the Civil
War, and slow but persistent re-
versal throughout the first three de-
cades of the present century. In
1866 the first Civil Rights act was
passed, followed two years later by
the adoption of the 18th amend
ment. Later other statutes designed
to insure and implement the priv
ileges of citizenship granted Ne
groes by the Emancipation proclaim.
alton and the amendment were en-
acted.
/ Atty. Gen. Francis Biddle sum
married the effect Of these laws re
Gently in an address at Cornell uni
versity in the following words:
"The changes brought about b.
such legislation were drastic, fol
they not only affected underlyin,
social relations but provided at tn
level of government for federal su
pervisory control over acts that ha'
heretofore been in the exclusive jur
isdiction of the states. The balanc
of state and federal power was ma
terially altered. Taken together
these amendments and statutes :.
The daily bulletin. [volume] (Dayton, Ohio) 1942-1946, 1944-11-13
50 NATIONS ASKED TO
LIBERAIE BELGIAN CONGO

The problem of world aviation was
not the sole problem before the In
ternational aviation conference
which brought together here rep
resentatives of so of the leading
nations. DR.. Joe T. Thomas, a De-
troit physician, added the prob
lem of liberating Africa's Congo
area from Belgium.
After being technically denied
admission to tho historical air con-
clave, which met to make inter-
t n a postwar plans, DR..
Thomas, who said he was presi-
dent of the exiled Provisional Gov
ernment Of the Congo Free State
of West Africa, submitted a reso-
luton to the body in behalf Of his
government.
The resolution read:
"Resolved that by all civilized
moral and legal practices Of civil
lied nations, the territory of the
Congo Free State (now known as
the Belgian Congo) belongs to the
native Congeloso and to American
Negroes. We did not sell our land
to Belgium; we did not give our
territory to Belgium and Belgium
did not acquire our territory by
conquest.
Belgium was appointed our ad-
ministrator by the Berlin Confer
ence (1884-1885) composed Of the
following great powers, Great Brit
ian, France, the United States of
America, Spain, Portugal, Ger
many, Norway, Denmark, Sweden,
Holland and Belgium and many
other nations here assembled for
the civilization and education of
the native Congolese.
Belgium violated all provisions
of the Berlin act. Belgium convert
ed the Independent Sovereign Con-
go Free State and annexed this in
dependent sovereign nation as a Bel
gian colony. Belgian convicted her
self of criminal conversion anc
rendered herself unfit to be fur.
ther trusted to administer our af
fairs in the Congo Free State.
Belgian atrocities in the Belgian
Congo shocked the civilized world
Belgium cut the breast from preg
nant native women.
eve the civilized heirs and own
ers of the territory Of the Congt
Free State (known as the Belgian
Congo) and the free civilized de
scendents of the-Congoleso brough
from our territory without our con
sent and against our will ask tn
great powers here assembled tt
appoint an administrator to tax
over our territory and hold it un
til proper legal trial can be he'll
before an international court o
justice to decide just who sha
OPEN EVERY DAY
Evening star., 1944-05-06
Lord Harrington, Miss Kennedy
Wed in London Register Office
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press
LONDON, May 6.-Lord Hart
ington, 26, and Kathleen Kennedy,
"a, daughter of Joseph P. Kennedy,
former United States Ambassador
to the Court of st. James, were
married today at the Chelsea Reg
lister Office.
Lord Harrington, heir of the Duke
of DevonShire, recently was defeated
as government candidate for the
House of Commons. Miss Kennedy
has been a resident helper at a Red
Cross club since last summer.
They have been friends since 1888
when they met in court circles.
The civil ceremony was performed
by Registrar Frederick Stream and
witnessed by the Duke of Devon
shire, father of the bridegroom, and
1t. d. g. Joseph Kennedy, jr., the
brides brother.
The bride wore simple frock of
pink crepe and a turban of blue and
pink feathers with a pink nose veil
She carried small nosegay of lilies
of the valley and a single pink rose.
She arrived breathless for the
ceremony, dashing up the steps to
the register office on the second
floor of the Town Hall.
Devonshire. the dowager Duchess
Evening star., 1944-05-06
Nazis Report Massing
OF Reds in Old Poland
~ the Associated Press.

LONDON, May 6.-German re-
ports relayed through Stockholm
said today the Russians had massed
men and equipment ION an enor-
NOUS scale in Old Poland for new
drive on the path to Berlin.
The reports said the Red Army
was concentrated in great strength
in the vicinity of Kowel, ITO miles
southeast of Warsaw, and also was
gathering near Kolomyja, 30 miles
southeast of Stanislawow near the
old Czech border.
Meanwhile, Russian Tass Agency
military commentator said the sec
tional struggles which have been
going on near StanislawoW since
mid-April were significant because of
strategic railways in that part of
former Poland. A Soviet COM
munique said 300 Germans were
slain in a two-hour battle in that
area yesterday.
The bulletin also said Russian air
and sea units had sunk five more
German and Romanian escape ships
of Sevastopol in support of the Red
Army's siege Of the big Crimean port.
OF the siege itself, correspondent
with the Red Army said the Russians
were burning and squeezing the
enemy out of nearly impregnable
stone nests"
Evening star., 1944-05-06

OF Devonshire. the bridegroom s
sisters, Lady Elizabeth and Lady
Anne Cavendish; the Duke of Rut-
la nd, the Marchioness of Salisbury
and Lady Astor
The bridegroom and the Duke of
Rutland, who was best man, wore
uniforms Of the Coldstream Guards.
Questioned by reporters, the Duke
of Rutland said there would not be
religious ceremony today.
The Kennedys are members OF
the Roman Catholic church. The
bridegrooms family, the Caven-
dishes, are members of the Church
of England. Beyond the brief state
ment by the Duke of Rutland, there
was no public discussion of the
differences in religion and no def
mite indication as to when or if
there would be religious ceremony
Mrs. Joseph P, Kennedy left Bos-
ton by plane today to join her hus-
band at La Guardia Field, N. Y.
She was accompanied by her father,
John F.. Fitzgerald, former Mayor
of Boston, who said Mrs. Kennedy
will make no comment whatsoever
on her daughters marriage ="
Mr.. Fitzgerald said Mrs. Kennedy,
who has been in a hospital for two
weeks for physical checkup, will go
to Hot Springs. Va. for a much
needed rest"
Evening star., 1944-05-06
$3,450,570,0O0 Additional
Leose-Lend Asked
FEA Expenses Placed at $40, 1881 900;
EIIender Queries Reverse Payments

other agriculture products needed to
retain the rations of soldiers, war
workers and others In these coun-
tries.
Congress also was asked to make
available until June 80, 1945, any
unexpended balances of previous
lease-lend appropriations. These
balances, along with the requested
appropriation, would make available
in the next fiscal year $7,188, 1893 900
for the lease-lend program.
Administrative Costs.
The FEA money, the White
House statement said, would 60 for
such activities as administration
and supervision of the lease-lend
program; the procurement abroad
of strategic and critical materials
and foodstuffs required for the war
effort; work on strategic bombing
and other economic warfare pro-
grams and activities.
The estimate also provides $751;
200 for administrative expenses of
the Export-Import Bank.
Senator Ellender said he was
concerned" about Senate Appro-
(See LEND-LEASE, Page A-30
Evening star., 1944-05-06

President Roosevelt today asked
Congress to appropriate $780,
$4,000 in additional funds to
carry out the lease lend pro-
program during the fiscal year
ending June 80, 1945. At the
same time Congress was asked to
appropriate $20,881 900 for ad-
ministrative expenses of the
Foreign Economic Administra-
ton for the same period.
Earlier today, Senator Ellender,
Democrat, of Louisiana, urged that
the United States determine upon a
national policy now with respect to
final leaSe-lend settlements, declar-
ing that unless We do, we may find
ourselves owing our Allies at the end
Of the war instead of their owing
u.s."
Appropriations Listed.
The lease-lend appropriation, ac-
cording to White House statement,
is for industrial products required
for the production of planes, tanks,
guns and other war supplies in Al
lied countries, as well as food and
Evening star., 1944-05-06
Labor Puzzle Almost
Solved, App|ey Says
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
NEW YORK, May 6.-The Ma
tons manpower problem has been
solved to such an extent that the
next step is partial demobiliza
ton Lawrence A. Appley, deputy
chairman and executive director of
the War Manpower Commission, de-
clared today.
Partial demobilization will fol-
low the successful conclusion of the
war in Europe and will blossom into
full bloom with the defeat of
Japan" Mr.. Appley told the Society
OF Professional Engineers.
He complimented both industry
and labor on accomplishing a
grand job" in meeting war pro-
duction schedules, but warned that
industrial troubles, particularly un-
employment, may come with VIC
tory.
The return of war workers to
CIVILIAN production and the return
OF the veterans to civilian life is a
simple phrase and an easily identi-
fed period in the manpower situa
tlon,' he said. TT will present
however. more serious problems, a
more serious challenge and a more
difficult Job than mobilization.
Evening star., 1944-05-06
Liberotors Raid NorthernFronce
In Miserable Flying Weather
Targets Bombed in Overcast So Thick
Even Little Ack-Ack Is Sent Up by Nozis

the German ground gunners did
not even shoot at some of the at
tackers. No enemy fighters were
encountered.
Returning crewmen said they
bombed pinpoint targets along the
French coast, going over in relays,
with each group bashing a separate
objective.
Liberators can carry 5000 pounds
each, and the crewmen said they
dumped the heaviest type of bombs
on this trip. Thus, perhaps close to
1000 tons were hurled on the Ger
man installations by this stream
lined force.
Nazis Fly Over Scotland.
The jittery Nazis sent the German
Air Force on a reconnaissance ex-
pedition over Northeastern Scotland
last night. The German planes set
off barrage from ground guns, but
no bombs were reported dropped.
Allied aerial operations from
British bases were curtalied yester-
day morning by a 6O-mile- hour
gale which swept the Dover Strait.
The wind sent great waves crashing
over the invasion beaches" piers
and harbors.
On Dover cliffs it was impossible
to stand against the bitter wind and
driving rain. The temperature also
dropped.
Evening star., 1944-05-06
Nuzis Removinu
|CWiHonsF From
5th Army Area
BY the Associated Press.


ALLIED HEADQUART TIERS.
Naples. May 6.-Allied headquarters
said today it had received reports
that the Germans have evacuated
all Italian civilians beyond the 5th
Army's main front for a depth of
20 miles.
1t was explained that this meant
the evacuation of several sizable
towns within the 20-mile belt.
In the lower Garigliano sector OF
this front an increase in infantry
action was reported and in the upper
river valley an enemy patrol at
tempting to cross the stream in rub
Der boats was repulsed, it was an
nounced.
On the Anzio beachhead and the
British 9Th front along the Adriatic
several minor clashes occurred On
the beachhead three German tanks
and several buildings were knocked
out by direct hits. At besieged
Casino several enemy mortars and
machine guns we're silenced by Allied
artillery and machine guns
Evening star., 1944-05-06
First Lady Chatter|ey'
Book Banned in New York
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
NEW YORK. May 6.-George w.
Joel, vice president of Dial Press,
Inc, publishers, said last night that
police had seized 400 copies of The
First Lady Chatterley," after a COM
plant by the New York Society for
the Suppression of Vice that the
book was obscene.
John S. Sumner, secretary of the
society, who made the complaint
said careful reading disclosed OBJ
scene passages on 90 pages of the
book He added that as he saw
it the book was merely "a rehash u
of and equally as bad" as the sup
pressed Lady Chatterley's Lover"
D. H. Lawrence is the author.
Mr.. Joel described the book as
very tame" and mot the least bit
obscene He added it was of lit
erary value because it was the first
and generally unknown copy of Mr..
LaWrence'S work.
Hearing was set for magistrate S
court next Tuesday.
Evening star., 1944-05-06
BY the Associated Press.

LONDON, May 6.-American
Liberators dumped bomb loads
into German installations in the
PaS-de-C Calais area of France
today as the Allies preinvasion
air offensive continued for the
22d day, despite miserable flying
weather over the English Chan
mel.
1t was the 18th consecutive day
of heavy bomber operations from
British bases, but again it was only
small force, probably fewer than
$50 bombers with an equal number
of escorting Lightnings, Thunder
bolts and Mustangs, which gave Hit
ler's Atlantic war emplacements
their sixth blow by heavy bombers in
seven days.
The daylight blow followed a
night in which British planes laid
mines in enemy waters without loss
and Canadian-manned Mosquito
bombers on an offensive patrol over
Northern France attacked and
severely damaged several parked
enemy aircraft.
No Opposition Met.
The British-based Liberators did
all their bombing in the Pas-de-
Calais through an overcast so thick
Evening star., 1944-05-06
Roosevelt May Act
In Shipyard Pay Row
(Another Strike Storv on Paoe A..

(Another Strike Story on Page A
The War Labor Board today
threatened to refer wage rate dis
pute of the AFL Machinist and CIO
steel workers involving shipyards in
the San Francisco area to the Presi-
dent for action.
WLB Chairman William H. Davis
said the dispute of Lodge 68, Inter
national Association of Machinists
(AFL) and Local 1904 of the United
Steel Workers of America (CIO)
concerning rates OF pay for repair
and new work would be taken up
Immediately with CIO President
Philip Murray and AFL President
William Green.
If the dispute is not settled in
that way, he said, the matter will
be referred to the President
Evening star., 1944-05-06
Call for Men Over 80
In Vital Jobs Held
Unlikely This Year
Inductions in 1919 Group
Expected to Depend
On Losses in Invasion
BY MIRIAM GUTENBERG.

General induction of men over
80 in essential activities this
year appeared unlikely today in
the light of a prediction by Sc
lective Service Director Hershey
that the pool of men under 26
probably will last until early
fall"
At the same time Gen. Hershey
indicated that draft boards will be
ordered to process the 26-29 age
group. but will be allowed to de-
termine the essentially of each man
rather than go on the recommended
tions of the State directors, who
now must certify every occupational
deferment for men under 26.
How many men between the ages
of 26 and % and how large group
in the over30 class will have to be
drafted will depend largely, it was
indicated, on American losses in the
European invasion. Selective serv-
ice officials pointed out that future
Army needs will be for fighting re-
placements-a figure that may vary
from 100000 to 10000 a month for
the rest of the year.
Reflections Decline.
Selective service had been making
its plans in anticipate ton that the
under-26 group would be exhausted
by July but Gen. Hershey told the
Associated Press in an interview in
Baltimore that draft calls for the
past few months had not been as
high as anticipated and there have
been fewer reflections among men
under 26.
Also made public yesterday was
the first breakdown of the under -26
group-hoW many were in each draft
classification as of April l. 1t was
pionted out, however, that since then
appreciable changes have been made
in the figures as draft boards have
rushed to get the younger men out
OF deferred classes and into la.
Now being processed, it was an
nounced. are 1,699,213 men under rs,
not including those in 4-F. AS of
April l, these regiStrants were di-
vided as follows:
A total of SOB ,236, or more than
one in three of the younger regis
trants, already are in Glass IA or
lao available for non -combatant
military service). This group in
cludes some who have taken their
preinduction physical examination
and are now awaiting inductions.
Others in this group will go into
Al after their preinduction phys
ical
63,579 Not Yet Classified.
A total of $3.50, mostly youths
who recently became 18, have not
yet been classified and 95,25l have
not yet been processed out of the
deferred father class, which now has
been abandoned. Some of the latter
group will be given occupat ational de-
ferments and some will be lost
through rejection at the examining
stations.
A total of 373,089 hold occupA-
tional deferments, but this group is
(see DRAFT. page A-2J
Evening star., 1944-05-06
Aerial Blows Cripple
Nazi Supply Routes
To Italian Front
All Of Enemy's Freight
Yards in Central Port
Of Country Knocked Out

MEDITERRANEAN ALLIED
AIR FORCE HEADQUARTERS
IN ITALY, May 6.-Relentless
air bombardment has prevented
the Germans from moving a sin
gle train since March "a from
the Pisa-Rimini Line, 140 miles
north of Rome, to the fighting
front area, Maj. Gen. John K.
Cannon, United States 18th Air
Force commander, said today.
He said Tactical Air Force attacks
had knocked out all the Nazi freight
yards in Central Italy, and although
the Germans were able to repair sin
gle lines rapidly, American planes
had kept cutting them and destroy
ing bridges and tunnels so regularly
that there was no through rail traf-
fic.
In the present battle lull, the
Germans, by shifting cargoes by
truck across the cut lines and by en-
ploying coastal and road transporta-
ton, could keep their front going on
limited supplies, but when Allied
land forces strike again results of
the strangling air campaign should
SHOW. Gen. Cannon said.
AS evidence of the success of the
Allied fighter -bombers, the following
score of one fighter group was re-
vealed today:
Two hundred and one tracks cut.
five tunnels destroyed, one viaduct
cut, n railroad engines DESTROYED,
four ammunition dumps DESTROYED,
I'll motor transports left in flames.
nine gasoline and one oil dump de-
stroyed, one radio station and one
high tension power station de-
stroyed and 178 railroad cars
wrecked.
Also, one oil tanker, two tugs, six
landing craft and one power launch
destroyed, one corvette fired and
eight enemy planes destroyed.
In addition the group damaged 3s
railroad engines, All cars, 4 ammu-
milton dumps and l21 motor trans
ports and blocked one tunnel.
And that's only one fighter
bomber group" Gen. Cannon said.
Evening star., 1944-05-06
Lieutenant Found Dead
With Wrists SIushed

A lieutenant of the Army Medical
Corps, identified from the register
as Samuel Holnitsky, 40, 1888 South
Kildage avenue, Chicago, was found
dead today with his wrists slashed
in his room in the Annapolis Hotel,
according to police.
1t. Holnitsky's body was discov-
cred by maid, who had entered
to clean the room, about $50 am.
He was lying alongside the bed in
his pajamas. Among his effects was
bottle containing drug to relieve
pain.
The death was being investigated
by 1t. jeremiah Flaherty. head of
the homicide squad.
Evening star., 1944-05-06
z Quokes, in Caribbean
Or Mexico, Recorded
By the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
NEW YORK, May 6-Two mild
earth shocks, probably occurring in
the Caribbean or Mexico, were
recorded last night by the Fordham
University seismograph.
The Rev, Joseph j. Lynch, Ford
ham seismologiSt. said the shocks
were registered at $4,000 pm. and
8;25:l1 pm. They occurred. he said.
approximately 2,100 miles south or
southwest of New York.
Evening star., 1944-05-06
Restruiner Continued
Against Ward Officials
By the Associated Press

BY IHt NSSOCIh|tu PTeSS,
CHICAGO, May 6.-Federal Judge
William H. Holly today extended his
order restraining officials of Mont
gomery Ward & Co, from interfer-
ing with Government control of the
huge mail order firms Chicago
plants.
The judge said he would rule at
10 m. Wednesday on the company's
motion to dissolve the restrainer and
the Governments plea to have it re-
placed by temporary injunction.