davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1944-06-30
Gardner Says Mis- Education
Or Too Much Education
Kills Fight In Negroes

that is said about Negroes is con-
cerned with the faithfulness of the
race while in slavery; the poverty
of the black man, the Negroes
docility, his fondness for water
melons, dice and fried chicken and
the classic, damnable, misleading
chant: "There are 100000 Ne
groes in the U. S."
Through grade school, high
school and through college the pat
tern is the same. The black boy in
class of whites is inoculated thor
oughly with the idea of white su-
premacy and that there is little or
no hope for him except to be a
good Negro" who won't ask for
too much, who will kowtow to the
white man, who won't steal, and
who won't try to marry a white
woman. After getting such a dose
for at least half their active lives,
it is small wonder that the cynics
are asking: How much true,
honest-to-goodness leadership can
our educated Negroes give the
great mass of the race who look
to them for guidance. What have
they to tell their black brethren
when they have been so thorough
ly indoctrinated with the princi-
pies of white supremacy them
selves? How can they honestly tell
the black masses that force should
be met with force when, they them
selves, are so afraid of violence
because racial conflicts might in
jure the standard of living they
copied from white men?
Talk Supplants Action
Today talk has supplanted the
concrete action, the courage and
the daring that featured the days
of Nat Turner, Denmark Vesey,
Cudjo, Crispus Attacks and John
Brown. Our enslaved ancestors who
rallied about Turner, Vesey and
Brown didn't have the formal edu-
cation we are getting today, but
they had the God-given gift of
plain, ordinary CUTS and the spunk
to fight for place in the sun. They
talked also in those days, but the
talk led to great feats of action
that make stirring part of Ameri-
can history which isn't being taught
to Negro or white students today.
The education Fred Douglass and
the others obtained in those days
was buttressed by actual contact
with the people; improved by first
hand acquaintanceship with the
life of those they led. Thus, there
was an intimacy between leaders
and followers that brought about
history-making results. That in
timacy and basis of understanding
doesn't exist today between our
masses and our classes. It should.
From education comes an appre-
citation of freedom, but in America,
the Negro is being given a thor
ough schooling in establishment
and taught that it is folly to fight
back. He is taught that freedom is
an exclusive holding of the white
man and all the future holds for
those not white is the dubious
privilege of living within the
shadow of the white mans free
dom. For this, the white man
teaches, the Negro should be eter-
nally grateful. For this, our entire
leadership, with few exceptions,
has been schooled to be ever so
grateful. And many of them are.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1944-06-30
Chicago (SOuthside)

A Bonneville gets into my hair and blood,
Strange pattern of evil inextrcabe with good
Dark bus drivers and Ell conductors give me PRIDE
But unkempt boulevards cannot take in stride;
Full stomachs, fine Clothes laughter too gay
To most it century since W. P. A.
Neither rhyme fit dark Chicago,
It's pulse is too irregular for any kind of meter
And its soul is too inconstant for logic.
There surprises, for nothing's unexpected,
Anything can happen, and everything does happen
"Go down, Moses! Let my people go!" (?)
Nothing depends Moses, people go for themselves.
Here is the world in jug,
But the stopper is in the wrong hands,
And too much of life's best things spilng out
They laugh at all counsel for the future,
Believing in hereafer-but in "doggone afterwhile"
Democracy is liberty uneashed,
The right to shove back when one is showed
Save for rainy day-"are you kddng?"
They just came in out of rain that never quits.
Dress quietly; live conservativey; tone down;
"That amt the lick-you got to riff"
Heaven is next door, and Hell's across the alley,
And there's good neighbor policy toward both.
Sin is wrong everybody confesses that
But virtue they say, is unappreciated without it.
Chicago is drama with big last act,
Nobody really knows until the final curtain
Whether he is living out tragedy comedy.
The destinies of all too few their own
Our drifting with the tide
Dark Chicago is merely Mecca, it could be Olympus,
It could be close to Utopia, But it will always be
Chicago, (and what is that?)
It is Macon and Mobile Chattanooga and Charleston,
South Parkway is Beale Street and Basin Street now,
1t will never again be Grand Boulevard
In time of the slums will go,
It will stretch out for more room and purer air,
But the smell of mustard and salt pork
And frying shrimps will blend with the stocyard atars
And there will be rich laughter
Born of despair and defiance of folk trying desperately
To lift themselves by their bootstraps trying futilely
To make silk purses Of sows-ears,
The streets will go being noisy and dirty,
But people will be proud and happy, and strut
AL &oIo ALL
james T. Logan.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1944-06-30
MAD SONG
By COUNTEE CULLEN

"a provincial Southern air as
sung by Congressman Rankin and
cOterie.)
Before I'd let n----r vote,
Or match me place for place,
With my own hand I'd cut my
throat
To sr:te that HRS face.
I'd raise my hand in Holy He'll,
March with the Nazi knee to knee:
Mrs may be Americans,
But Filters white like me.
From New Masses
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1944-06-30

Negro journals each week; and,
after reading them, purposely left
them in easy reach of his pas
sengers. He considered himself a
missionary, and he is one on our
books!
Well, time and space have run
out. Well tell you more about New
York and what former Minnesotans
are doing in the East. Maybe next
week.-Cecil Newman.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1944-06-30
BY DAN GARDNER

There are some cynics who are
saying that the way the Negro is
being educated in our schools takes
much of the manhood out of the
average person and that after he
attains intellectual standing, he is
a likely candidate for the ever
growing ranks of the maladjusted,
confused and inept colored folk
who frequently prove to be STUN
bling blocks in the paths of Negroes
not so erudite, but who are blessed
with the inherent desire for prog
ress and who think in terms of give
and take with all corners.
While one would probably stretch
a point to agree with the extremists
among the cynics, there is no deny
ing that highly educated Negroes
show decided preference for long
winded Conferences" and "sym-
posiums" where the air is filled
with much talk and little or no
action. The highly educated also
lean toward setting up a commit
tee to Investigate" and "report"
on this and that. They do crisp
and brown jobs on Investigating"
and on reporting" but their educa-
ton also tells them when and where
to stop. They have mastered a
technique of writing letters and
sending kilograms to some offend
ing white man or white-operated
institution demanding, begging,
calling your attention to-" etc.,
! etc.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1944-06-30
CARD OF THANKS

GARD VI HRNNS
We wish to express our sincere ap-
probation for the expressions of SYM
pathy and acts of kindness shown us
during our recent bereavement at the
loss of our husband, brother and cou-
sin, Mr.. William G. Hood.
MRS. VIM. G. HOOD, Wife,
MRS. LEILA BLACKBURN, Sister,
MRS. ADELAIDE BROWN, Cousin.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1944-06-30

AND RECORD HERALD AND SPOTLIGHT AND SHALL,
NOT FALTER
so HELP NE GoDP Bernard Young Jr Negro Editor and
Publisher .......
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1944-03-21
Circle Holds
Annual Banquet

THE UNITED WORK E r S
Circle annual banquet was held
yesterday at the Kings Daugh-
tiers Home. Mrs. Anna Pitness of
Detroit a charter member and
Mrs. A. Brakeman also of De-
troit, were guests. Twenty men,
bers were present. The tables
were beautifully decorated with
flowers and silver candelara.
Cards was the diversion of the
afternoon and prizes were won
by Mrs. Otto Engelbrecht, Mrs.
Robert Eckert and Mrs. Charles
Mikelait. On the committee in
charge Of arrangements were:
Mrs. John Whitney, Mrs. Frank
Pringnitz and Mrs. Edward Dit
trick. The next meeting will be
held March 30th at the home of
Mrs. Pringnitz, 142 Market
street.
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1944-03-21
Chesterfield
Red Cross
Work

A GROUP OF CHESTER
FIELD TOWNSHIP women are
doubling their efforts in doing
their part in the war effort, es-
pecially in Red Cross work. They
hot only take care of their own
township il helping Red Cross,
but come to Mount Clemens one
hay every week to help make
surgical dressings at the Pres
byterian Church, where Mrs.
Harry Malbin and Mrs. A. A..
Thompson are in charge of the
Red Cross Surgical Dressing
Unit.
Following is a list of the wo-
men who have been coming into
he city to work: Mrs. Alphonse
VanderVreken, Mrs. c. Rhodes,
Mrs. Urban Chateau, Mrs. Carl
Eschenburg, Mrs. Clarence Stow
er, Mrs. John Hartway, Mrs. c..
Scheibel, Mrs. Chris Schmidt,
Mrs. Theo. Schroeder, Mrs. Har-
bid jeanette, Mrs. Gordon King.
Mrs. Clarence yers, Miss
Florence Stewart and Mrs. Fred
fucker.
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1944-03-21
Red Cross
Home Service
Meeting

ON THURSDAY, MARCH %
at 100 o'clock. the Home Serv-
ice Department of the American
Red Cross will meet in the Chap
ter Headquarters on Cass ave
nue..
Mrs. Magnolia Culver, Psy-
chiatric Social Work Admins
traitor of Lansing will be the
guest speaker. She will talk on
psychiatric work. Miss Pauline
Ullrich, Home Service chairman,
urges all members to be present
at this meeting.
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1944-03-21
Mrs. Dorman Speaker at
WIS Meetinq

the main speaker Of the after.
noon, Mrs. H. A. Dorman, vice.
president of the Detroit Confer
ence. The keynote of Mrs. Dor
mans address was that as mis-
sionaries we must first have q
message, That message Is q liv-
ing God. She pictured the vari-
Gus types of missionaries who
serve in foreign fields and the
various types of people whom
they help.
She emphasized the import
ance of teaching the under-priv-
ileged to read and then provid-
ing for them something worth
while to read. She urged that
women here become literate and
informed on missionary prob
lens.
The following committee was
appointed TO make plans for the
Mother and Daughter Banquet
to be held May II: Mrs. Alvin
Rosso, Mrs. Earl Briley, Mrs.
Byron Stuck, Mrs. Milo Warner,
Mrs. Herman Portenga, Mrs.
Emery Albee and Mrs. w. H.
Porter.
The next meeting Of the w.
S. c. S. will be dinner meeting
with guests on April II at $50
O'Clock.
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1944-03-21
BY ALICIA HART
NEA Staff Writer

Simpler colts particularly
flat tops with ends almost as
shy of curl as fish hooks-call
for more natural beauty in the
hair itslf For kindling CLEAN or
making hair simmer like some
thing you see under water. no.
body is better up on tricks than
Hollywood.
Gene Tierney, whose lovely
long locks are shining assets to
Laura" her next picture, says:
Trouble with most ck-luster
hair is, that it doesn't get
marched to the wash basin often
enough and the shampoo isn't as
thoroughgoing as it might be-"
She thinks girls who love
clean bounce in their hair and
grainy pattern-like the water
mark in fine paper-to show,
should ignore the old wives tale
that hair can't be washed as
often as you like.
Settle for three separate lath-
erings and as many rinses, using
the kind Of shampoo preparation
that you usually rely upon. You
won't. Of course, bring cake of
soap in direct contact with your
hair. If you use soap, you'll take
the trouble to make shavingS
into a jelly.
The more movement and pres
sure you get into the water, the
better. That's why rubber hose,
attached to faucet, is good to
have. 1t gets action. Lacking a
hose-which may be difficult to
get-wash your hair under a
bathtub shower, and see that the
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1944-03-21

THE MEMBERS OF GROUP
IL of the Woman's Society OF
Christian Service of the Metho-
dist Church were hostesses TO
the sixty members and guests
who attended the regular
monthly meeting of the society
at 100 o'clock Monday, March
90, in the Church parlors. Mrs.
Fred Bobcean and Mrs Mary
James greeted the guests.
Dessert was served at a lace
covered table, conferred with
bowl of pink and white phlox,
carnations and snapdragons,
thanked by white candles in
crystal holders and presided
over by Mrs. Alfred Landon and
Mrs. Mary James.
Mrs. Robert Shepherd, the
president, introduced Rev. Cor
don Phillips, superintendent of
the Port Huron District, who
spoke briefly concerning the
Adrian College Campaign and
the Bishops Crusade Mrs. AL
fred Tucker led the devotionS
which centered around the
theme of praise in Psalms 1874
The special music was provid-
ed by Mrs. Harry King accom-
panied by Mrs. Grace McGin-
mis-. Mrs. J A. Moss introduced
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1944-03-21
Missionary Society
InstaIIs New Officers

were read from the book of
Philippians, candle was lighted
for each reading. Between each
reading Mrs. Dunklee gave a re-
spouse, after which she placed
roses into a bowl which was
placed before the candle TO form
a lovely worship center.
MrS-M, 7. Beatty, Mrs Daniel
Defenbaugh and Mrs. j. Mac
Kenzie were the hostesses who
served the refreshments at the
close of the meeting.
MARCIA SCOVELL is recup-
Grating at her home, after hav-
ing been a patient at the ST. JOS
eph hospital for a week, due TO
fall from a two story building
from which she suffered a skull
fracture. Marcia is the daughter
of Mr.. and Mrs. George Scovell,
6 Community drive.
MRS. ANTHONY HALLER,
JR., returned from Harper hos
pital in Detroit, where she has
been a patient for two weeks.
Her mother, Mrs. Erwin Kiehne
of Toledo, Ohio, spent the past
week with her at her home at 40
Wells street.
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1944-03-21
3Oth Weddinq


MIR. A ND MRS. HENRY
SCHAFER of Is Meade street,
celebrated their 30th wedding
anniversary March ID at the
home of Mrs. Schafer's brother,
Philip Behn of East Detroit. The
couple was married 80 years
ago in Ohio.
Mrs. Susan, mother of Mrs.
Schafer, and the four children
with their families were present
at the celebration. They are:
Mrs. Frank Bonk, Mrs. Vernon
Overtruf, Mrs. Arthur Fette and
Fred Schafer.
The honor guests received
many beautiful gifts. Refresh
ments were served after which
dancing and cards were enjoy
ed by the group.
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1944-03-21
Circle Meets at
ResicO Home

THE FIDELIS CIRCLE of the
Zion Evangelical Church met
last evening at the home of Mrs.
Fred Resico on Washington ave-
nue.. During the course of the
business meeting final arrange
ments were made for decorating
the church with palms and flow
ers- on Palm Sunday and Easter
Sunday.
Plans were also made for a
White Elephant Sale which will
be held at the next meeting
night at the home Of Miss Eve
lyn Ruschke on Miller street,
Wednesday, April IL.
Following the meeting cards
were played with prizes award
ed to Gladys Bobcean, Mrs. Ed
win Roiser, Mrs. Kurt Muende-
lein and Mrs. Ray Ward.
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1944-03-21
YoungWomen's
Club Birthday
Dinner

HUGO HUSTAD OF Detroit
was the guest speaker at the
Young Women's Club Birthday
dinner Monday evening and at
that time showed techni-colored
movies which he had taken
while in India as a special rep
resentative of the General Mo-
tors Corporation in l941.
Before the talk, the club
members enjoyed folk dancing
under the direction of Miss Lois
Harper. The dinner tables were
appropriately decorated in birth
day appointments. Mrs. Leland
Grim was chairman of the din
ner committee and was assisted
by Mrs. Harry Poole, Mrs.
Verne Nye, Mrs. Carl Pingel
and Miss Marvella Henk. Thel-
ma Sonnenberg and Marion Bro
ply were in charge of the pro-
gram.
The next meeting will be held
April 3, and the evenings enter
tainment will be a Hollywood
Celebrities Revue. Each member
may bring guests.
DR.. AND MRS. ROBERT AL
len, Mr.. and Mrs. G.. Dorland
Smith and Mr.. and Mrs. Harold
Charbeneau are spending a
week in New York City.
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1944-03-21
Furniture
First Aid

You can heal an ugly scratch
that mars the surface of dark
furniture by painting with TO-
dine. Make it invisible by swab-
bling the gash-easy does it -
with the sharp point of an
orangestick, t G h tt y wrapped
with cotton.
Scratches on Ii & h t-colored
furniture such as walnut or
maple-can be toned down so
that not even the gimlet-eyed
will detect them. Simply rub
with the meat of a walnut, pecan
or Brazil nut, freshly cut for
easy release of both oil and
stain, which are what you want
from the nut.
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1944-03-21
4-H Girls
Entertained

TWO GROUPS OF THE All
CLUB of Harrison township
were entertained at a st. Pat
rick's Day party Saturday eve
ming at the home of Mrs. Earl
N. Briley of South River road.
Mrs. Wilbur Hinton, leader of
the Busy Bee group and Mrs.
Briley, leader of the Quality
Quintet group were co-hostesses.
The luncheon table, which
was set for 10, was decorated in
green and white. A skating party
followed at the Mount Clemens
Skating Arena with each girl in
viting a guest.
The girls ages are from 10 to
16 years, some Of them are taxi
ing 5th year work in clothing
project, their winter work is al
most completed. A display will
be made in the Mount Clemens
High School Gymnasium, date
TO be announced later.
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1944-03-21
Dinner Precedes Meeting
|ut Harrison 7 oWnship Hall

guardian of the Wah- Wah- Tay-
See girls, Miss Fielder points out
that while Camp Fire Girls give
thought and energy to the ma
tons war effort, they are at the
same time preparing themselves
to play a constructive part in
peacetime, in their five-point
Service for Victory program.
The essence of their program
this year, Miss Fielder explains,
revolves about community CO.
operation for Victory, home
service, preparedness, recrea-
ton and democracy for Victory.
Enumerating far-reaching effect
of this Victory program, she
points to better understanding
of community planning and
graciousness that will reward
their home service, and better
equip them for the homes they
expect to have; resourcefulness
and initiative with which to face
any emergency, whether in war
or peace; realization of the
value of recreation to keep body,
mind and spirit healthy and a
deep faith in democracy as the
truest expression Of a peoples
government.
"These activities" says Miss
Fielder, "are contributions for
Victory which Camp Fire Girls
will one day carry on for their
country as service for Peace.
The members of Harrison
Wah- Wah- Tah-See Girls are:
Marie Phillips, June Phillips,
Phyllis Henschen, Doreen Ber-
del, Alice Stagncr, Nancy Dav-
les, Kathleen Hinton, Barbara
Wood, Maureen LaBleau and
Carolee Essig.
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1944-03-21
MEOW. Day
Convention at
Stat|er

THE ARCH DOC S A N
COUNCIL of Catholic Women,
will hold their annual Day Con-
vention at the Statler Hotel in
Detroit, March 23rd starting
with a 9 o'clock Mass, which
will be celebrated by Archbishop
Edward Mooney. Mrs. Frank
Wheat of this city will display
her very interesting statue I'm
FAINT Of Prague" at the conven-
ton.
Those attending from Mount
Clemens are: F a h er j. S.
Schram, Mrs. Vincent Brinker,
Mrs. Vernon Kerwin, Mrs. Arlo
Higgs, Mrs. Margaret BooS, Mrs.
Stephen Schwenk, Mrs. Wilbur
Hinton, Mrs. Ira Fuller, Mrs.
Steven Boston, Mrs. r a n k
Wheat, Mrs. Chesley Miller and
Miss Eleanor Kierblewski.
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1944-03-21
MRS. HAROLD GREEN in

MRS. HAROLD GREEN in
stalled the new officers at the
March meeting of the Presby-
terian Missionary Society last
Friday at the Church. Mrs.
Frank Leonardson was installed
as the new president; Mrs. Mar
ian Dunkiec, list. vicc-president;
Mrs. Oscar Denison, 2nd vice.
president; Mrs. George Cool, re-
cording secretary; Mrs. Robert
Fox, corresponding secretary;
Mrs. Anna Darling, treasurer;
Mrs. John Miller, secretary for
literature; Mrs. Marguerite Wes-
tendorf, secretary for member
ship; Mrs. j. l.. Kennedy, secre-
tary for social education and
action; Mrs. Elmo Spears, as
sistant treasurer.
Mrs. George Cool and Mrs.
Marian Dunklee were in charge
of devotions and program. Their
topic being I'm this Hour of Tu-
multi. AS six different passages
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1944-03-21
Social ~
C&zzzze'a'~

THE SITUATIONS: You be-
come engaged, by letter, to a
Young man who is now overseas.
How would you act?
WRONG WAY: Without say
Ing anything to the young man
have your mother give an an
|nouncement of the engagement
10 the newspapers.
RIGHT WAY: Before having
your engagement formally an
bounced find out if your fiance
thinks that is the sensible thing
10 do.
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1944-03-21
Fish Dinner

THE ORDER OF EASTERN
Star held an initiation Friday
evening, which was preceded by
potluck dinner. During the
business meeting plans were
completed for a public fish din
ncc to be held Friday evening,
March "a, at the Masonic club
rooms. Mrs. Karl Krause is
chairman in charge of arrange
ment.
Tickets are availa b le at
Krause's Dry Cleaning Shop, IS
North avenue. Members of the
ticket committee are requested
to report promptly on the ticket
sales.
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1944-03-21
Associate Field York CNtoAddess Campfire Girls
Civic Chorus
Rehearsal

THE MOUNT CLEMENS Civ
&c Chorus will hold their regular
Tuesday evening rehearsal in
T. : Zion Evangelical Church on
New street. II is important that
all the members be there 10
complete work on the spring
Choral concert. (Goun d S
MESA Sollennelle" will be pre-
sented Palm Sunday afternoon,
April ..
There will be a Board meet
ing at the home of Mrs. Marian
Donaldson. 10 Kendrick avenue,
ATTIC the rehearsal at the church.
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1944-03-21
Double Birthday
Celebration

MRS. DOROTHY PADBERG
and Mr.. and Mrs. Fred Dubay
entertained group of friends
and relatives Sunday at their
home on Fessenden street, in
honor of Ronald Dubay, who
was one year old on March goth,
also in honor of Gertrude Chaff,
whose birthday anniversary &C.
Cured March II.
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1944-03-21
Part Your Posies 10 Double
Charm Of Easter Corsaqe

needing spray goes about for
you.
Genes trick for putting more
CLEAN in hair and to making it
more obedient to her whim is 20
brush it while it's still wet.
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1944-03-21

THE HARRISON TOWNSHIP
-WAH-TAY-SEE c A M p
FIRE GIRLS will entertain Miss
Mary Fielder. Associate Field
Secretary of Camp Fire Girls,
inc, of New York City, as their
guest, Wednesday, March % at
The Harrison Township Hall at
7:30 o'clock.
A dinner will be served by
khe Nowetompatimmin Camp
Fire Girls to the honor guest and
the committee Of awards: Mrs.
Earl Briley, Mrs. Walter Stiles,
Mrs. James Phillips, Mrs. Fred
Berdel and Mrs. Lloyd Wilson,
preceding the meeting.
In q letter to Mrs. Henschen,