davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Northwest enterprise. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1931-1952, 1944-11-29
Calf. Daily DisapgrOves
Sentences of SO Negroes

SAN FRANCISCO. Calif.-Ar
editorial, clearly expressing dis
approval of the severity OF sen
fences imposed on the so Negro
seamen charged with mutiny for
failure to load ammunition al
the Mare Island depot. last Aug
ust 8, appeared as follows in the
November issue of the San
Francisco Chronicles:
I'VE have been mulling this
matter over for several days.
We have been thinking about
the real nature of fear. Fear is
not a crime. Fear can in some
circumstances have the effect of
crime and in some grave cir
cumstances must be punished as
a crime.
"These Negroes who refused
to load the munitions ships fol-
lowing the Port Chicago disaster
were plainly overcome by fear
They were not per Sc mutlneers
except to the extent that their
fear oyercame whatever RESPONSE
bility they had. Considering then
that fear and failure to do a
duty because of it cannot be en-
couraged in wartime, we still be-
lieve that the sentences imposed
on these men were altogether
too severe. We do not believe
that the honor of the United
States Navy as a fighting, fear
less force would have been inn
paired by sentences ranging
from one-half to one-third of
those given.
Thoroughly convinced of the
innocence of these men, the
through its Special
Ciuncil Thurgood Marshall, has
requested opportunity to file a
brief for hearing before Rear
Admiral Carlton II. Wright, c.
o. 18th Naval District. Attorney
Marshall will also file a brief
and appear personally when the
case is referred to the Judge Adj
voeate Generals division OF the
Navy Department for review in
The Northwest enterprise. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1931-1952, 1944-11-29
Liberty Investment In
Sixth War Loan Drive

Once more our government is
offering to the people of Amer
lea an opportunity to invest in
victory. The tremendous require
ments of financing the war con-
tinue from day to day. You and
and every American must
share in the Sixth War Loan.
The drive started November
20 and continues until December
16. The goal for the state of
Washington is $4,000, 900; the
goal for sales to individuals is
SIS, 100000. This is Washington
states share of national goal
of $4,000 900, 600.
Our ambition in the Sixth war
loan is to lead the states in per-
Torrance. To do that every citi-
zen of our state must do his
share. Now that the Treasury
has provided means by which K
bonds, in case of necessity, may
be redeemed Immediately for
cash, 1t would seem reasonable
The Northwest enterprise. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1931-1952, 1944-11-29
MRS. ELEANOR ROOSEVELT TELLS 5000
COLLEGE STUDENTS PREJUDICE MUST GO

judice is to work in the schools
with youth. Mrs. Roosevelt be-
lieves. colder individuals must
stop looking at people as though
they were Jumped together In
one lump and consider them as
individuals.
She had commented to an Of
fieer concerning the democracy
practised by the submarine
crews. Negroes and whites eat
and work together" she observ.
ed.
Said the officer, Mrs. Roose-
welt quoted: MAIN, on a sub
each one of us has exactly six
feet by three. We know that IL
one man fails, we may all lose
our lives. If you're good enough
to be a member of the crew, you
are good enough to do anything
any one of us has or does.
The Northwest enterprise. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1931-1952, 1944-11-29
CO-CONSPIRATORS IDENTIFY COURT
MARTIAL DEFENDANTS, GAIN IMMUNITY,
ITALIAN WAR PRISONERS ALSO ASSIST

to give the widest latitude to the
press and civilians. thus insuring
the defendants fair hearing
without any evidence OF preju-
dice.
About the time of the riot
two companies of soldiers were
sent overseas, but those charged
have been returned to face the
court martial.
Proceedings of the trial. usu~
ally restricted. have been lifted
as much as possible. The names
OF the Italian prisoners of war
must be deleted to meet the re-
quirements of the Geneva pact
as to prisoners of war.
No pictures may be taken, but
the Signal Corps photographers
may take and release pictures
later.
Each side is allowed an interp-
reter to speak for the one off,
Continued on Page ~
The Northwest enterprise. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1931-1952, 1944-11-29
WHAT THE NEGRO SOLDIER THINKS

In the state of Washington,
far removed from the traditional
race bitterness so characteristic
of the South, one hardly expects
to hear that Negro soldiers, dur
ing a period of war have thus
jeopardized their very lives. I'm
fortunately the United States
army has carried southern racial
hatred and backwardness wher-
ever it has gone. George Good
man, writing in the Fall number
of Common Ground, describes
the result of this viciousness.
Bnglishmen were actually told
that Negro soldiers possessed
long tails. The English families
were therefore warned that If
these men sat on hard-bottomed
chairs it would irritate their cur
ious appendage to such a degree
that they would be driven into
a state of rage. The intent OF
spreading such malicious and
damaging falsehoods was to
drive wedge between the Eng
lish people and the very Ameri-
can soldiers who came to defend
them and their homeland This
explains how the army has
spread the infection of color pre-
judice throughout the blood
stream of both the nation and
the world.
Within the broad qualifications
of such evil lies the reason for
the clash at Walla Walla, Wash
ington. Negro soldiers had put
up with humiliation and abuse to
the extent that their patience
reached the breaking point. They
could no longer endure seeing
prisoners of war, many of whom
had possibly killed their com
rades on foreign battlefields, en-
Joy in this country the very IA
cilities which they were denied
1t is inconceiVable that Negro
soldiers under normal circum-
CONTINUED on Page a
The Northwest enterprise. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1931-1952, 1944-11-29

NEW YoRK-Race bias must
go. Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt told
an audience of 5000 students at
Brooklyn college last week.
The group. assembled in COM
memoration of the massacre OF
Czech students by the Nazis in
1899, listened to the first lady
blast religious and racial intoler-
ance as dangerous" foes.
I'VE must do away with those
things in this country" she said.
I'VE did appeal to dangerous
things in the campaign; we
aroused the thoughts of racial
and religious differences, and, If
you allow prejudice on any sub
ject, then you have prejudice on
many subjects. Prejudice grows
until everybody has special
prejudice of his own and then
unity is destroyed.
The best way to eliminate pre-
The Northwest enterprise. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1931-1952, 1944-11-29
BUYA7 LEAST ONE EXTRA H0OBOMD'

Jack, William Prince; (Pennsyl
vania), Lee p. Myhan, Thomas
P. Trent, ID. w. Hoggard, j
Thompson Pettigrew, Homer S
Brown; (Illinois) Corneal Davis
Edward Welters, Charles J
Jenkins, Fred ID. Smith; (Indi-
ana) Jesse Dickinson, James s.
Hunter, Wilbur Grant; (ohio)
d. d. Turpeau; California; Au-
gustus F.. Hawkins; New Jer-
sey) J. Otto Hill; (Kentucky)
Charles w. Anderson; (Wiscon-
SIM Leroy Simmons; (Omaha)
John Adams (Unicameral Legis-
lature); (Kansas) William II.
Towers.
Robert Ward, seeking the seat
once held by State Senator Chas.
Diggs, was defeated. Pennsylva-
mia Negroes lost one seat in the
state legislature.
Mrs. Hortense Houston Young
made a gallant race in Louis
Vile for membership on the
board of education. She was lead
ing all four candidates at the
latest report.
The Northwest enterprise. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1931-1952, 1944-11-29

The exhibition, which is the
second annual art exhibition by
merchant seamen of the United
Nations, is sponsored by the
United Seamen's Service, and the
War Shipping Administration,
and is on tour of the leading art
galleries of the country.
Also on display is water
color, MAN OVERHEARD by
Joe Richards, who, like Hill,
won honorable mention in last
years show. This painting is de-
signed only to "serve humbly as
a memorial to a fine man and
an artist and was not entered in
the contest, but only for exhibit
The Northwest enterprise. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1931-1952, 1944-11-29
Seattle Art Museum

Included in the art exhibition
on display at the Seattle Art Mu-
scum at Volunteer Park, Deem
Der through 81 are six pic
lures done by Carl G. Hill, Ne
gro artist and merchant seaman
who was lost at sea in the serv-
ice of his country, January
1913.
The Northwest enterprise. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1931-1952, 1944-11-29

that every spare or idle dollar
should be loaned to the govern
ment in these times of need.
To help win the war, to insure
the future economic soundness
of our country, to build up your
personal economic security for
the years to comfe, invest every
cent you can now in war bonds.
Let us all buy bonds-and buy
all the bonds we can. Please buy
from the most convenient issuing
agent early and often, and keep
Washington in its place of honor
among the states, says Gus Cd
lin, state chairman.
The Northwest enterprise. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1931-1952, 1944-11-29
War Prisoners


Headlines in the press a few
days ago carried news of clash
between Negro soldiers and Ital-
ian war prisoners. In the melee
it was reported that several of
the prisoners were severely hurt
and one was found hanging from
tree. The locale of this unfor-
tunate incident was the state of
Washington in the far North
west. A few days later the head
lines again informed the nation
Of still another revolt among Ne
gro service men. A. Mare Island.
Calf, Negro sailors refused TO
toad and unload high explosives
and a mass court martial was
conducted during which so of
their number were tried for NUT
my. About the same time news
from reliable sources revealed
that Negro casuals at Camp Cor
don Johnston, Florida, had re-
fused to obey orders and faced
punitive military action. Add to
this the uprising at Camp Clai-
borne, La, in which a Negro sol
der was killed and a white Of
ficer badly wounded and We get
still another example of the
thought patterns of Negro sol
diers during this war.
To an observer unacquainted
with the inhuman treatment so
often accorded Negro soldiers
such news comes only as a shock
but suggests that Negro soldiers
are letting their country down.
On the contrary, il is the coun-
try that has let the Negro soldier
down. To prove this let us look
behind the scenes and discover
the reasons for this strange con-
duct.
The Northwest enterprise. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1931-1952, 1944-11-29

America, and foremost among
religious leaders in America will
speak at Mt. Zion Baptist church
on Sunday, Dec. 3 at 8 p. m.
DR.. Tobias popularity in reli-
gious scholastic and fraternal
circles is equalled by but few of
our forum masters.
Sunday night, Dec. 3 will be
an event in the annals of Mt.
Zion Baptist church. and also
one long remembered by all who
are fortunate enough to hear
him.
The Northwest enterprise. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1931-1952, 1944-11-29

SHRIMP BOATS BILOXI, MISSISSIPPI, an oil
painting done by George F. Houston, former Washing
tonian, now an Engineering Ensign in the Maritime
Service, which will be display with 70 other pic
lures in the Second Annual Art Exhibition by Mer-
chant Seamen of the United Nations from December
g. through 81 at the Seattle Museum of Art in Volun-
teer Park, under the sponsorship of United Seamens
Service, member of the National War Fund and War
Shipping Administration.
The Northwest enterprise. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1931-1952, 1944-11-29
DR.. Claiming H. Tobias
At Mt. Zion Baptist
Church Sunday at 8

DR.. Claiming II. Tobias. SEN
Tor secretary for Service to Col
ored Men and Boys, the National
Council of the Young Mems
Christian Association. New York
City. included in Who's Who in
The Northwest enterprise. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1931-1952, 1944-11-29
TWO RACE men
ELECTED TO
CONGRESS

FOR CONGRESS-: Rep. VIM
L. Dawson (Illinois), Adam c
Powell New York;.
STATE SENATES: Robert Lee
Brokerburr (Illinois).
GENERAL ASSEMBLIES: IN
W VIM. r. Andrews, Hulan e
The Northwest enterprise. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1931-1952, 1944-11-29
BY GEORGE ". WOOD

have been granted the un-
usual privilege of sitting IN on
the Military General Court Mar
tial at Fort Lawton, wherein
three Negro soldiers are charged
with murder.
My mission is to observe the
proceedings in the interest of
justice.
am doing this for the best
interest of my race. The argu-
ments are estimated to last near
ly a month and at least nine
hours a day of time is consumed.
without pay.
The Northwest enterprise. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1931-1952, 1944-11-29

The Fort Lawton mass court
martial moves into the ninth day
after having been continued
from Thursday. Nov. 16 to the
following Monday.
During the trial the rigid mill
tary regulations have been lifted
The Northwest enterprise. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1931-1952, 1944-11-29

ton. and is dedicated to Hill.
One of Hills murals is on the
walls of the eolored Orphan
Asylum at Riverdale, N. Y. Hill
also wrote poems and illustrated
a book.
The Northwest enterprise. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1931-1952, 1944-11-29

Buy NAACP Negro Soldier
Christmas Seals.
The Nome nugget., 1944-01-10
ENEMY AIRCRAFT
 PICTURES RIVAL pIN-UpS

CAMP POLK, La.-(AP)-A re- connaissance company is divorc- ing pin-up art in favor of home made posters of enemy aircraft, the idea being that they are more likely to come in contact with a Focke-W Wulfe than with Betty Grable, and that not even Focke-Wulfe in sheep's clothing can fool the man who's sketched and painted one.
 Said company Commander Ger old E. Griffin of Hartford, Conn:
 'These full-color paintings are plastered all over our diggings, and when the men relax evenings with their smokes and cokes, they play a regular game of identify ing one another's pictures. They learn more in a week that way than we could teach them in a month of lecturing."
The Nome nugget., 1944-01-10
SQUIRREL. MASCOT IN THE DOGHOUSE

CAMP VAN DORM, Miss.-(AP) The model mascot of the 718th field artillery battalion is in the doghouse-or, more properly, the squirrel house.
 Tillie, six-weeks-old fox squir- rel who drinks beer but never to excess, eats almost anything but never gluttonizes and who never has been restricted to quar- ters but makes no attempt to go AWOL" tonce she was reported missing but turned up two bat teries away watching ball game); Tillie, the pride and joy of Cpl. Arthur Woerner of Long Island City, N. Y, and the entire 718th, has lost her dogtag.
 It bears her name and the num- Der 0OO000019.
The Nome nugget., 1944-01-10

a coldWeather test. We have received reports of seven feet of snow in one part of the maneu- yer area"
 Part of the Alaska Scout Com bat Intelligence platoon, its mem- bers well-versed in Alaskan ter rain and weather conditions and veterans of real warfare in the Aleutians, will be with the man. euver force as instructors and advisors.
 For maneuver purposes, Tal- keetna will be considered the terminus of the Alaskan Rail- road, and the forces rail head supply dump will be located there. A wide variety of stand dard and experimental trans portation equipment, ranging up to 2l-ton Caterpillar tractors, will be used. But officers ir charge of the maneuvers believe that use of mechanized equip. ment will become impracticable as the supply lines are extended and terrain becomes more diff. cult, and are laying their plan. accordingly.
 Each soldier of the assault force will be equipped with snow shoes and will carry his owr personal equipment. Each squad will have its own combination led-toboggan, propelled by man power and carry organizations
The Nome nugget., 1944-01-10

equipment and supplies. Each platoon will be independent of the rest of the force in regard to mess facilities.
 The scouting element of the main force will travel a day ahead of the force in the simu- lated assault, using skis when feasible. Each scout will have his own individual cooking set. Dog teams will be used.
 Defense of the area to be at tackled near Mt. Mckinley park will be established by a some what smaller group of the man. euver troops.
 Ski-fitted planes of the GAIA. will be used for aerial supply of the attacking soldiers. Aerial evacuated of the wounded" also Will be attempted.
 Plans call for many innova- tions in first aid and medical procedure, including portable dispensaries on sleds. The as- sault force will be more than 100 miles from it's main supply base during one stage of the maneuvers, and various new methods of evacuation for "cas- ualties" will be attempted.
 An elaborate radio communi- cations system will keep all unots of the froce in touch with each other and with Alskan De- partment headquarters. There will be a large radio transmitter- receiver at Talkeetna, semi portable set 50 miles from there, and numerous smaller sets.
 The assualt force will start it's "attack" about Jan. 12, mov- ing out from Talkeetna with it's tractor train. The movement to the Mt. Mckinley park area is expected to require about mon- tn, with the maneuvers ending about March 1.
The Nome nugget., 1944-01-10
Six-Weeks' Maneuvers Being Staged in Alaska

their staging period in the field. "We want to get as close to trail conditions as possible" said It. Col. William Walther of Juneau commander of the force.
 The six-weeks maneuvers will take the soldiers over the rugg- ed, Snow-blanketed region be- tween Talkeetna and Mt. Mo Kinley National Park. "We are hoping for cold weather-the colder the better" Colonel Wal ther said. "That's one reason for these maneuvers-to provide
The Nome nugget., 1944-01-10
MONDAY, JANUARY 10, 1914.
THE MARINES TAKE TARAWA

values and to an open season on marten which resulted in the taking of 8,182 marten furs, val ued at $36O,OOO.
 The total fur shipments in l943 amounted to $2,O48,942 as compared with $l,697,471 for the 1922 calendar year. Topping the list were 5,146 beaver pelts val ued at $454,380, closely followed by 212,352 muskrats valued at $424, ,704, and 33,705 mink valued at $421, ,312. Arctic white foxes showed up better than for several
The Nome nugget., 1944-01-10

WITH ALASKA MANEUVER FORCE --- Gathered from various Alaskan and Aleutian bases, sol diers of this compost force are moving into tents in a new stag ing area near Fort Richardson and drawing strange articles of arctic clothing and equipment which will be tested in the forth coming war games.
 Although the actual maneuvers will not get under way until the middle of January, the troops will spend the remainder of
The Nome nugget., 1944-01-10
VALUE OF ALASKA FURS FURS OVER TWO MILLION

In spite of war conditions that took many trappers into the arm ed forces or defense jobs, the value of fur shipments from Alas ka in 1943 exceeded that of the previous year by nearly half million dollars. Chiefly, this is due to a general increase in fur
Evening star., 1944-02-13
BRITISH COMBINE

ust a height-fnder
noses of the 56-lb. rounds were
twisted to near the extreme limit
of range Set to explode at the end
of their 36,OO0-foot journey, the
four foot rounds were rammed into
the steel breeches, the massive
breechblocks slammed.
"Firer'
We were shooting five miles "a
head of the target. We hoped and
calculated that the spy plane and
at least one of the shells would COL
lide neatly at that rendezvous. Our
shells would reach the spot 40 sec
onds after leaving the guns.
Teamwork That Counts
lHE whole elaborate organiza-
ton - the eight-girl team round
the predictor box, the trio on the
height-fnder tube, the girl at the
spotter lens and the sergeant shout
ing fuses, the girls twiddling knobs
and handles in the dusk of the huts,
the girls plotting graphs in the
underground control room, the
men on the gun controls, the Off
GERS co-ordinating the activities -
all we're integrating their various
skills in a split-second effort to
bring about that lethal collision of
plane and shell.
And they did it.
l saw the first shell bursts make
a checkerboard pattern into which
the target plane seemed to be fly
ing. The second flock exploded in
tiny white puffs ahead of the first,
continuing the pattern; and the
white vapor trail wobbled like a
pencil line when you jog the writ
er's hand.
1t smeared, and the smear was
turning dark. A flicker of orange
fire jetted out of it. The vapor trail
plunged down, and it was black
now. The spy plane was falling.
We had already aimed the guns
at Number Two target, the left
hand Focke- Wulf. But we held
fire, for the RAF was hustling up.
Here Are the Spits!
"A COUPLE of Spits came tearing.
One swung to intercept the right
hand plane, which had quickly
turned and was heading for home.
The other reached our Number
Two target before it had time
to gain a lead, and let 60 blast as
the Focke- -Wulf crossed its nose.
You could see the tracer scoring
red streaks across the narrow gap
between Spit and Focke-Wulf.
The Spit swung away, the Focke-
Wulf spouted smoke. 1t came
down spinning and burning.
The gun action had lasted less
than minute. But into those sec
onds was packed the training of
years.
Evening star., 1944-02-13
Here's a record: "A
bull's-eYe on a Nazi
plane seven miles up
BY
Major Am. Stuart, RIA.
os told 70 c. Potrjek Thompson

p HAD come from my headquarters
to the gun site few minutes
before the ATS telephonlst got
the raid warning. The sirens were
bowling as the gunners and ATS
girls jumped to action posts.
All the intricate, girl-handled in
struments of a heavy A.A. battery
- half-ton Projectors, little
''spotter" and big height-fnder
- were focused on the approach
ing enemy.
l saw a thin wisp Of white
vapor very high up. But the
eyes and ears Of the instru-
ments were studying the planes
while they were still invisible
to the naked eye.
One turned out to be MElOoG
- the Luftwaffe's latest, smallest
and swiftest plane. Fitted with
racks to carry two 5OO-lb. bombs, it
could fly at $50 miles an hour.
But this one had maybe 20 mph.
more speed, for it carried no bombs.
In its slim belly, Zeiss lens down.
was a reconnaissance camera.
Snoopex Plane
IT WAS spy plane, escorted by
two heavily-armed Focke-W Wulf
1905. If it got away it would carry
back to enemy intelligence de-
tailed picture of the Portsmouth
naval base and everything around
it.
From the Command Post came
a yell. '+On targetr'
The men on the gun controls
were swinging the long barrels,
muzzles pointing to the sky, fol-
lowing the plane trails. But the
planes themselves remained be-
yond gun range.
We had the height, though -
Sc, 900 feet, seven miles up. Guns
had shot at planes flying at the
substratosphere height before
None had ever scored hit.
A minute passed. Two. In those
12O seconds the planes, invisible
pin points at the ends of the vapor
trails, had Travelled IL miles.
The tension was like stretching
thick elastic cable, farther, far
ther, Suddenly, it broke. The Nazl
planes had crossed the sky frontier
between "out" and "in" range
Voices bawled and repeated the
fuse number. The fuse caps on the
Evening star., 1944-11-17
Cruiser, 4 Destroyers
Definitely Sunk in
Attack on Manila
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
PACIFIC FLEET HEADQUAR-
TERS. Pearl Harbor, Nov. 17.-Ad-
miral Chester w. Nimitz, revising
previous figures upward, announced
that Sd Fleet carrier planes sank a
cruiser, 4 destroyers and II cargo
vessels and oil tankers in their No
vember IL raid on Manila.
The light cruiser previously re-
ported as damaged was known to
have sunk, Admiral Nimitz said in
a communique yesterday. Return
ing pilots also originally reported
only two destroyers sunk and said
the merchantmen were either de-
stroyed or left blazing.
Four torpedoes also were sent into
a floating drydock, believed to be
the 500-foot Admiral Dewey, which
the Americans scuttled before Ma
Inila's fall. The japanese evidently
raised it.
The Pacific commander reported
series of aerial strikes from Haha
and Two islands, in the Bonin apd
Volcano groups, to by-passed islands
in the Northern Palaus. A bomb
hit was scored on a small cargo
vessel at Two and a possible hit was
made on medium sized merchant
man at Haha. The latter island is
some $50 miles south of Tokyo.
Ground installations in the
IPalaus were attacked heavily by
land-based Liberators which also
sank several barges and other small
craft.