davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1944-04-09

threatened to scream and that was
enough. He was there to break my
nerve and to have touched me would
have been a shooting offense.
There was only one toilet in the
prison and the prisoners were allowed
to use it once a day. In the morning
they would line up all the men before
the toilet, one by one, accompanied by
a guard. had to wait until all the men
had left. Then the guard would take
me and wait outside. That was the
worst experience I had in any prison.
The officer in charge said it was in
tolerable. He protested to Oslo and
after two days was transferred, this
time to prison for women.
I'm the bus with me was the same
young man who had been placed with
me the first time. He also was being
transferred, so he said, to another
prison. His hands were tied behind
him. He said he had been kicked and
beaten. They wanted to make me sorry
for him so that 1 would confide some
thing to him. He was a clever actor
but had no doubt as to who he was. I
tried to be sympathetic but was careful
to tell him nothing.
Then I was taken of the bus and
walked two hours, accompanied by a
guard, to the women's prison. I wasn't
much better of than before.
Horrible Prison Conditions
There were A prisoners there. Twelve
of us were political prisoners. Thirty
two were prostitutes who had been con-
victed Of injecting German soldiers with
syphilis. We were kept two to a CELL
They always put a political prisoner
with prostitute. They kept shifting
us from one cell to another. My cell
mates were filthy beyond description.
They not only had untreated syphilis
but scabies and lice. There was nothing
l could do to escape the lice.
Il tried to get what information I
could out of these girls and found that
the majority of them actually were
members of the Quisling party, sup
posed to get information out of Nor
Wegian men but to leave Germans alone
He Hated His Job
But there was one bright spot about
this prison. The commandant was a
German medical officer, an elderly,
white-bearded, very kindly man. had
to talk with him several times. He
didn't try to get information out of me.
he said ne hated his lob and he was
forced to carry out his orders.
No man could have been more like q
father to me and the other political
girls. He brought us in to help with the
paper work in his ONCE. He hated the
others. not so much because they were
prostitutes but because they were spies
Still he was kind to them and gave them
the best medical attention he could
If I would agree to 60 to work for
the Germans" he said, he would make
me member Of the organization.
Evening star., 1944-04-09

to Gestapo headquarters for another
questioning. was put into q small cell
with very intense light in the ceiling.
1t was terribly hit. tried to escape the
light by pulling E:ny skirt over my head.
I almost smotha ed There was no door
or window in tljs cell. One of the walls
Slid back to admit the interrogators.
I stayed thets for three and a half
hours. was almost crazy with the light.
Every bit of cEothing was ringing wet
with sweat. Tbs cell was little more than
a yard square. could not lie down on
the floor. was 80 weak could hardly
stand.
Then two inteyrogators came In. The
chief one was q, very powerful young
officer with broad chest, broad shoulders
and mean, sinister eyes. He was very in
tellectual in appearance.
Told Him Nothing
"He talked to me like a cross fathsr
to an erring daughter I told him moth
ing. The Interrogation ended at In the
evening.
I'm very sorry you're so stubborn
he said. You're a very pretty young
woman and might have had a happy life.
Now I can only recommend that you
spend the rest OF your life in prison. I
would have saved you if could
The guard took me back to my cell.
don't know how / was able to walk. 7
laid on the floor end cried But in barely
10 minutes the guard came again and
took me to the PRISON office where the
young doctor In sharge was sitting at
his desk
I am happy 70 tell you,' he said.
that you are frfa. We have nothing
against you and am sorry to have
caused you so ms3th trouble. It was all
mistake.
He made me sign a paper promising
to do nothing against the German gov
ernment and to report to the Gestapo
IN my home town zsnce a week, or when.
ever called on. That night was on a
Train on my way rerthward to home. I
couldn't convince myself that 1t wasn't
all horrible dream A few hours before
l had felt I never could get up again
from the floor Of my cell. Now I felt
fresh and strong, as If I had lust wax
ened from long S!Aep.
Knew | was Watched
Il got home stta reported to the
Gestapo regularly This went on for
four months. knew I was watched all
the time. They probably were peekins
through the keyhole when went to bed
at night"
And after that?f 7 asked.
"Well. here am she replied.
Were you spy2"
Now what do yoa think? Do look
like person who would do anything 80
wicked?"
Yes, think you do" said.
I'm just a poor weak woman" she
sighed. But It's all been very interest.
ing"
Evening star., 1944-04-09
Policing in Washington
Back in the Early Days

But the Police Department grew al
most like "Topsy," it's beginning having
started here on September 20, 1903,
when city ordinance was enacted pro-
viding for superintendent Of police at
salary of 5000 year. OF course, the
city was very small then, but, however
sparsely settled it may have been, the
duties imposed upon this officer required
him to visit every part of the city at
least once a month and any particular
part thereof at any time when required
by householder. and to give informa-
ton to some magistrate of, and prose-
cute for all breaches of law. But added
to his 5000 year, he was to receive one
half the penalties received in cases in
which he was the informer.
However, this Office only survived for
two years, and in 1905 it was abolished
and its duties placed upon an officer
known as the high constable, and this
office. in turn, was done away with in
1907 and the duties conferred upon the
Ward Commissioners, of which there
were then four. But neither did this
change stick, and in 1903 the city was
divided into two police districts, each
presided over by police officer. But,
like many things which are being done
today and quickly rescinded, the people
even at that early date, likewise ran
around in circles and did not know
whether they were coming or going.
And so, in 1911, the provisions of the
act of 1903 were done away with and
the law Of 1907 again put in force and
continued SO until 1920, when the con-
stables were legislated out of Office, only
to be restored year later.
The Auxiliary Guard
The next step in the history Of the
guardians Of the peace came on August
%, 1842, when through act OF Congress
the Auxiliary Watch or Auxiliary Guard
came into being. At first this body con-
sisted Of captain and Is men, this be-
ing increased nine years later by the
Evening star., 1944-04-09

its functions were transferred to the
Board of Commissioners of the District
OF Columbia"
The corporation police, which still
existed in 1866. at that time had as
its chief James Lynch, with Simeon
Garrett detailed to the first ward;
Thomas Oliver, second ward; Edward
l.. Dawson, third ward; Maurice O'Con-
nor and w. w. Kirby, fourth ward;
James M. Busher, fifth ward; William
H. Lusby, sixth ward, and George S.
Hepburn, seventh ward.
At this time the Metropolitan police
had as superintendent, A. c. Richards,
and the first precinct was in Union
town, now Anacostia, where Sergt. C.
Burke was in charge with three men,
Sergt. James Johnson, before referred
to, was in command OF Precinct No. 2.
No. 3 Precinct had its headquarters on
High street near Bridge street, in
Evening star., 1944-04-09

west corner of Fourth and G streets
NV. The warden was Thomas B.
Brown; deputy warden, Anon Durall;
physician, w. j. c. Duhamel; guards,
Robert Waters, Eli S. Rogers, c. H.
Manning, M. T. E. Chandler, j. Git
tings and j. r. Cronin.
Policing never was an easy job, and
in the early days, perhaps even more
dangerous than 1t is now, and the
Auxiliary Guard, which preceded the
present force, with its comparatively
few members, often got into tough spots,
as one may surmise by what its cap
tain, John H. Goddard, related some
years ago in an interview. He said:
Mayor Seaton appointed me and I
appointed Is men, and that constituted
the guard for number of years. I
got 81 900 year and the men were paid
$50 per month. The trouble was that
Congress failed to make any appropri-
alton, so we were not able to get uni
forms. After a while the force was
equipped in gray uniforms. The men
had clubs, but no revolvers. I carried
a revolver. Then we had no regular
stationhouse. But there was an old
guardhouse near the old market on
Eighth street, and we fitted that up.
It was used by the constables to lock
up the Negroes. 1t was an old brick
structure in very dilapidated condi-
ton. The lower room was used as a
cco1o ho bot pl rpt
$75 from the city and partitioned of
the upper room, so as to have separ-
ate place for the men and women. The
lower room was used as an Office for
the man on gaurd, who took the names
of the prisoners. We brought them
here from all parts of the city. -
''The principal disturbers Of the peace
were the gangs of rowdies who used to
come down to the city to straighten out
the town, as they called it. There was
one gang that came from Georgetown,
another from the Navy Vary and an
other from the Northern Liberties. The
latter was very hard lot. They would
come down to the city for q good time
They were composed of young men, some
of them respectfully connected, but the
majority were hard citizens. 1t was
nothing for them to clean out house
of ill-fame. Then they would go to the
theater and raise such disturbance by
bowling and kicking the benches that
sometimes it required my whole force to
keep them in order. But when they
were going to have real good time
they would start out with the intention
of cleaning out anybody that came in
their way"
Evening star., 1944-04-09
Woman Describes Ordeal Under Nazi Third Decree
Continued From Page C-41

Continued From Page C-4)
cell to myself and 1t made him mad
He said they had no right to burden him
with a woman and it would serve me
right to be treated like the other prison.
ers and take my chances with them.
Il Threatened to Scream"
They put German soldier in the
cell with me. He was there constantly
from breakfast to 2 am Most of the
time these guards said nothing. They
evidently were under strict orders.
Whenever one of them got fresh
Evening star., 1944-04-09

"'No, wouldn't be found dead in q
Nazi uniform, told him.
Tim glad you feel that way about it,
he said. Don't ever 90 back on your
conscience and you'll never be sorry
This is the only pleasant memory
have OF my Imprisonment But a re-
port on the way the old doctor was
acting went to Oslo and about three
weeks after I arrived at the prison he
was relieved Of command, stripped OF
his rank and, have heard, sent back
TO Germany in disgrace I understand
some one dug up Jewish taint in his
ancestry.
What Followed Was Awful
What followed his removal was
awful. He was succeeded by a young
ofdcer just out of medical school. He
had never even served as an inferno.
Physical inspections became very fire.
quent. He hated the political girls.
He liked to tell us he had found symp-
toms Of disease and describe the kind of
deaths we would die. When he found
lice on us he would curse us for being
50 dirty
There was one political girl who de-
veloped tuberculosis. She was II years
Old and had been kept in cell with two
prostitutes, both Of whom were diseased.
When she was very sick they put her in
cell with me and another prisoner.
Then at 10 minutes after one eve
ming there were only two of us. Funny,
It's Just 10 minutes after now. I don't
want to talk any more about that.
There was diphtheria outbreak in
the prison. One day guard took me to
the ONCE. There, with the commander,
was German officer I think he was
the fattest man I ever saw. His chest
was rainbow of service ribbons. No, it
was not Goering. The commander was
very subservient to him. He asked me a
lot Of questions about conditions which
might have led to the diphtheria out
break.
Next to the Biz Chief
Il thought he was a doctor who had
been sent to do something about it. I
answered him as honestly as could and
he seemed satisfied But I refused to
answer when he asked me personal ques-
tions.
do you know who am?' he asked.
"'I suppose you're doctor I an
swered.
you're mistaken he said. I'm no
doctor. I'm next to the big chief him
self You're talking to the second biggest
man in Norway. Right now your life is
in my hands and I want TO warn you
that you are In 4 tight nx'
You have nothing against me- re-
piled.
Not yet he continued, but we will
have. The longer you stay here the
weaker you will get and at last you'll
talk
II was led back to my cell and stayed
there SIX weeks more. Then was taken
Evening star., 1944-04-09
New Dean Of Washington Diploma
Takes Bow in War; Quieted Setting

His first diplomatic mission was TO
London ir 1919. where he accompanied
as legal sdviser q commission that was
sent to discuss q permanent peace treaty
with the Allies. Meanwhile, war broke
out afresh In the Balkans. Turkey de-
feated Greece, and 1t was not until the
Lausanne Conference Of 1923-whers,
Mr.. Ertegun again served as his coun-
try's legal expert-that the terms OF
peace were signed.
In the same year Kemal Ataturk be-
came the first President Of the Turkish
Republic, and Mr.. Ertegun's diplomatic
star was destined to rise.
At League of Nations
His first major foreign assignment. in
1925. was to Berne, Switzerland. where
his role was more important than that
Of minister, for he frequently repre-
sented Turkey at the League Of Nations
Council meetings In Geneva. There he
had grandstand view of the workings
Of mankind's first experiment In inter-
national government which laid the
basis for his present views on the worlds
future-about which more later.
Five years In the post at Berne pre-
pared him for more important assign
ments. In 1880 he became Turkeys
Ambassador to France. Two years later
he was transferred to the Court Of st.
James, and in 1884 was sent to represent
his government in Washington. His
term here has been marked by an era Of
cordial feeling between America and
Turkey and growth in commerce.
I asked the Ambassador whether as q
result of his close observations Of the
workings Of the first League, he believed
that mankind, after the present war,
might evolve some effective machinery
of peace or whether such hope was 4
Utopian dream.
He paused a moment, refectively.
Postwar Views
Yes" he said, II am hopeful OF ths
future. I hore for an end to wars, and
believe that an effective international
organization tan be formed. Obviously,
the only alternative Is international
anarchy and continued bloodshed."
Looking back to his period in Geneva,
he said that The failure OF the League
could be explained In two ways First
the absence az the United States which
kept it from bsing truly international
organization. Second, the fact that it
hrylI tat, Ior -
promote their own nationaistic ends
rather than being body whose sole
intent was to preserve world peace.
He drew comparison between the
old League and the Holy Alliance among
Russia, Prussis and Austria which was
used as an Instrument to impose their
will upon Europe.
ANY international organization that
does not rertesent the real desires CT
the nations to bring about peace and
understanding between all the coun-
tries Of the world will fail to attain its
goal" he said sspwly. "Such an organ
ization must nos be used as the tool OF
any ration or group. for the achieve
ment Of purely national policies.
:, What is desirable is to bring about
the organizations Of body in which
every nation viii be as concerned about
the fate of othef countries as it is about
its own" i
wondered aloud whether such q
group was possible In world of avarici-
q,s states.
1T is choics between that" he an.
swered, "and universal anarchy"
Evening star., 1944-04-09


dean OF the Washington Dip
lon,atic corps.
Harris h Ewing Photo.
student in American University, is now
enrolled in the University of Southern
California in Los Angeles A daughter,
Salma, is = student in Bryn Mawr.
The Ambassador Is a member of the
Chevy Chase Country Club, but is not
golfer.
Born in Istanbul in 1883, Mr.. Erteaun
was the son OF an Official OF the govern
ment OF Abdul Hamid II. He was en-
rolled in the University of Istanbul-or
Constantinople, as 1t was then known
and graduated In law. After receiving
his degree, he was appointed to q posi-
ton IN the legal section Of the Turkish
Foreign Once.
To all outward appearances, he was
following the course OF a conservative
young man Of good family under the
sultanate. Actually, however, he had
affiliated himself with the Young Turks
who, in 1903, led significant revolu-
ton, starting in the army, which forced
the Sultan to grant the country con-
stitution providing for 4 parliament
and the foundations OF q democratic
regime.
Looking back today, Mr.. Ertegun be-
heves that had the Young Turks been
allowed to work out their country's des-
tiny in peace, Turkey would have
spurted forward on the road to de-
mocracy and prosperity at once, Unfor-
tunately, however, the revolution had
hardly been consolidated before Italy In
1911, seized Tripolitania and the Dodec-
anese Islands. and peace with Rome
had just been established when Bull
garia, Greece, Serbia and Montenegro
joined In an attack on Turkey which
left 1t divested OF all its European ter
ritory save small area around Istanbul.
So the real modernization of Turkey
was left for more than a decade un-
til Mustapha Kemal Pasha-or Kemal
Ataturk, as he came to be known after
his name was westernized- founded the
modernized Turkish state. The Ambas-
sador was friend and collaboration with
Kemal Ataturk and regards him as
one of the great men Of history.
Was Chief Legal Advisor
During the Balkan wars and on
through the World War that followed
Mr.. Ertegun continued his work in the
Foreign once, becoming in time It's
chief legal adviser.
Evening star., 1944-04-09
An Early Crime

George Philip Hirth was Young mer-
chant Of lovable character, who kept
store at 1904 Fourteenth street NV.
He had working for him, toward the
close Of the year 1879, a burly colored
fellow named Babe Bedford, whom he
discharged. In a vindictive mood. Bed
ford and three other colored men
Edward Queenan, Sandy Pinn and john
son-caught Hirth on the night of
January 7, 1880, and beat his skull in
with stone placed in a sock
For this crime, Bedford and Queenan
were hanged at the District Jail; Pinn
died Of tuberculosis in the penitentiary,
where he was serving a life sentence,
and johnson was left off for giving
testimony against the three others.
Later, 1t is said, he met Just end some
where out West, where he was hanged
tor murdering some one else.
Evening star., 1944-04-09

med a. station house, yet the writer
vividly recalls seeing the policemen
when they occupied this building and
the long rail at the curb in front of
the station, to which the mounted
policemen tied their horses.
Some Of the men then serving with
1t. johnson whom the writer remem-
bers were Hamilton K. Redway, j. N.
Fifeld, Thomas Markward, Joseph T.
Morgan. Junius B. Slack, Oficer Brown.
T. w. Pfaft, James E. Heffner, Officer
Sullivan, Daniel Slattery, Benjamin T.
Rhodes, Norman H. Cole and William
H. West, the last named and Officer
Brown being colored members of the
force. West was one of the most gen.
tlemanly policemen the writer ever
knew. Very fond of good horses, he
always had the best and any one who
made him "eat the dust" as the boys
back in the bicycle days would say, was
going some
Boundary street (now Florida avenue)
was macademized in the early 7os,
and was one of the best stretches of
road within the District They had
their speeders and their speed reguia-
tions then. just as they have today, and
they had their crazy drivers then-just
as they have today. The man with a
fast trotter or PAGER, before the advent
OF the automobile, was just as reckless
and needed just as much watching as
the careless and inconsiderate auto
mobile driver does at present. However.
the difference then was that only people
of means had horses and buggies.
Horse and Buggy Days
1t was then against the law ito drive
any horse, mare or gelding in or on any
street, avenue or alley of this city at
pace faster than a moderate trot or
galop, or to make any attempt or trial
OF speed between two or more horses
II any one was injured during a viola
ton OF this law, the driver was subject
to fine of $40 and incarceration in the
Workhouse for not less than 80 nor more
than 80 days.
Florida avenue proved great tempta-
ton to man with a good stopper, and
many driver contributed to the city's
exchequer for trying to lower the record
of Maud S.
Many desperate character was taken
to the old second precinct during the
approximately 10 years it was used as
q station house. When the station was
moved to 2o40 Georgia avenue, that
building housed the Hirth murderers,
one of the most atrocious and diabolical
homicides occurring in the District of
Columbia.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-01-09
Officers Seize 2 Kidnapers
In Mouie Filled With Kids

NEW YORK Ian s 1NSl-
With all the drama Of a Holly
wood scenario. two detectives
stole INTO a Manhattan movie at
noon today and without alarm
n. au audience Of children seized
az gum point TWO deSpcradoos who
aInlp.d three persons DID fb,
last 30 hours
rhc men who admitted theN
kduapg3 couple IN Virginia
Thursday night and forced lbrw
90 ride 30 mlc> 10 Sow York
Cug and then early today abb
Quoted a Brooklyn taxi driver io
whom they boosted Of their
earlier exploit are David Keith
90 and John Richard King o.
both of Norfolk Va
shortly before noon TODAY tp
YEAS flashed that two men M rid
-c habits had beer seer coirc
MO me TiVoh Thester IN Eighth
avenue. Manhattan
Past the rows Of chsGron site
'.rE fn'ranCed AZ the rclodra-
matte Scrken advcnturd of one Of
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-01-09
Armed Peace
Ok d | ,848 TO 6

WASHINGTON, Jan S CUP)-
The United States Chamber OF
Commerce today advocated that
postwar world harmony be main
tanned by. thc armed forces OF
peace loving nations acting
through the combined chiefs OF
staff.
By member vote of 1,SiS 10
six, the chamber dcCIdcd 70 give
lis support to IAN international
political organization based on
reciprocal collaboration among
nations but not IN the form Of a
supcrstatc %
Endorsing the Moscow four
power pact and the House and
Senate postwar policy resolution
urging the establishment al the
earliest possible moment of a body
based ON the sovereign equality OF
nations 10 MAINTAIN peace and
security the chamber said
"This peace and security may
best he safcguardcd through the
use of the armed forces of peace
loving nations acting through
the combined chiefs nf stan or
ganization developed To meet
future conditions
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-01-09
Locust Charges
Arouse COP
Leaders Answer Attack
by WiIIkie Supporter

-.
(iiI' NJ. Jan > ,IN> l-- ne
uE0i over NeN0'U w lllkI'S pidcF
pm JIt illL-l DlLNN llDn htpuDlNdi
pre''o,I',4- tdy' W : - u
-aliale.N n-- ore me 411l- Nd ll7tlal
comm. ''- v'h anna NlU ,,.,I l.
,aonunlI-fr0n o' '''a I'S ! 1d' " M
klc lS nfInI a''1ckc1 ny me 'our-
year '''U-'N OF h'p1o''Vdh pom
NC
ne ohai - was -O..d.iCa>t w
me n-l+nn-h4 10y. " IMAM H.
WIS ol Vernon N an addI eSS,
warning pa ~ le751'lN a>> ..li,i o.
IN C0caEo iha' q N'op-N lI,Nle
campaign Wi moan hepuoiICdh
suicide IN -
N'd'' ai''' ma .'ildI F., c'I',iili'' zee
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-01-09
Inquest Set Jan. 26
Into Mystery Death

HILLSDAEE. Jan $ tlpl-
Prosecutor Kenneth " HIGgctt
said TODAY that a CORNERS inquest
into the death oct - of Edward
Ely 81 Adams Township bach
elor-fa~wer VIII he held Jam rs
Mystery has surrounded the
death of Els since his body was
dragged from h~ burning home hv
rcIrhhors An autopsy revealed
-ha-4-4A- --a4a4---a.--l---!- -Ll---II -,--l+4-
his skull crushed rs a blow