davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1944-03-30
Dictionary Continued

Ihe hrSt supplementary volume of
the Dictionary of American Biog-
raphy, recently published does much
to satisfy long-felt need. From
the organization of the enterprise in
1926, there was reason to believe that
it should be a continuing project.
The intended tWenty-volume work
reached its original goal in 1886 and
gained for the American Council of
Learned Societies, the sponsor,
Adolph S. Ochs, and the editors,
Allen Johnson and Dumas Malone,
the appreciation of thousands of
beneficiarieS.
In the very nature of things, how
ever, it was inevitable that there
should be omissions which users of
the dictionary would regret. The
tWenty-flrst portion, therefore, prop
erly includes "a certain number of
memoirs which should have ap-
peared much earlier. 1t also pro.
vides sketches of several hundred
individuals who died while the first
series of volumes was in prepara-
tion-Calvin Coolidge and Justice
Oliver Wendell Holmes among the
company. The demand for a second
supplement is demonstrated when
the intending consultant looks in
vain for such names as those of
Secretary Andrew w. Mellon, Justice
Louis D. Brandeis and Senator Will
liam E. Borah.
OF course, the principle involved
In the matter is that of the undated
flow of life. The British Dictionary
of National Biography, upon which
the American is modeied, was begun
In 1882 and theoretically finished
with the release of the sixty-sixth
Evening star., 1944-03-30
The Political Mill

Wisconsin in the last three elections
is split in two factions, one nationalistic
and the other following the Roosevelt
foreign policies. In addition, many of
the Progressives are slipping back into
the Republican party.
Missouri is battle-ground d-ordinarily
strongly Democratic. The Republican
sweep in Missouri congressional elec-
tions, and in more recent State elec-
tions has amazed the Republicans as
we'll as the Democrats. There Is at
least a $3.50 chance that this State,
which Mr.. Roosevelt carried in his third
term drive by $1,000 votes, will be found
in the Republican camp next November.
Illinois Republicans believe they can
win this year. The President was 95 900
votes ahead of Mr. Willkie four years
ago. The State cast total of 4,189 900
votes. The Republicans here are well
organized. They have held control OF
the State government for the last four
years They elected the only United
States Senator to come up for election
since 1898, and they have l9 out of the
House delegation to 7 for the Democrats.
Labor and the Negroes are not so well
satisfied with the present administra-
ton as they were in 1910.
Mayor Edward ]. Kelly of Chicago,
Democratic national committeeman and
the recognized Democratic leader of
Cook County (Chicago) and probably
of the entire State, is admitting no
chance of defeat However, he is strain
ing every nerve to place the Democratic
party in position to win. For example,
he has buried the hatchet with States
Attorney Thomas j. Courtney and
agreed to run him for Governor on the
Democratic ticket. He end Mr.. Courtney
Evening star., 1944-03-30

Government believes that after the war
Russia will retire from many of her
conquests and abide by a settlement
based on the Atlantic Charter.
~
Nevertheless, many keen students of
the European scene and especially Of
Russian history are mindful of the fact
that Russia in the past has been a ma
tionalistic and imperialistic power. Many
observers recently have noted a revival
of this Russia nationalism and imperial
ism and believed that this will prove
the impelling motive behind Russian
foreign policy.
The aggressive policy Of Premier
Stain in the last few months in regard
to the states which line Russia's western
border-Finland, the Baltic republics,
Poland and Rumania-has seemed to
support this view.
In this connection, the will of Peter
the Great of Russia, dated 1725, offers
some interesting and perhaps pertinent
material, particularly in view of the fact
that this great Russian leader has en-
joyed renewed popularity in Russian
Evening star., 1944-03-30

the time they consume III IIaVellllg OH
buses or streetcars to and from their
place Of work.
1t is true that the opinion rendered
for the majority of the court by Justice
Murphy speaks of the time of travel
of miners only while on the company's s
premises, but if the Supreme Court can
do what Congress did not do-namely,
define the work week to be whatever
this court or future court may say
it is-then the employers of this coun-
try may never be rid of the possibility
of series of damage suits for back
pay.
In the decision, Justice Murphy noted:
In determining whether this under
ground travel constitutes compensate
work or employment within the mean
ing of the Fair Labor Standards Act,
Evening star., 1944-03-30

visited Wisconsin, Nebraska, Missouri
and Illinois. Only one of these four
States was carried by Wendell L. Willkie
in the presidential race four years ago
Nebraska. Political observers insist that
Nebraska this year will give the Re-
publican candidate lead of 100000 to
ZOO as compared to Mr.. Willkie's S
margin of $4,000 in 1910. Wisconsin
turned in a 25,000-vote lead for Mr..
Roosevelt. This was little enough in a
State which casts upwards of million
votes in national elections, and little
enough when compared to the Roose-
welt margin of 100000 votes in 1896.
The Republicans assert they can carry
Wisconsin next November. They in
sist that Roosevelt is considerably less
strong than he was in 1940-war or no
war Further, the Progressive party
which has supported Mr.. Roosevelt in
Evening star., 1944-03-30
Constantine Br01Vn

family alliances with the Germans, and
to unite our interests with theirs; and
thus by consolidating our influence in
Germany, to cause it to attach itself
spontaneously to our policy"
Other injunctions in the will also
point up salient parts of Russias ira
ditional policy: 1--WE must keep steadily
extending our frontiers northwest along
the Baltic and southwards along the
shores of the Black Sea. . we must
make progress as much as possible in the
direction of Constantinople and India.
He who can once get possession Of these
points is the real ruler of the world. 80
We must take away as much territory as
possible from Sweden" 1t must be
recalled that in that era Sweden was a
great power, with an expansionist policy
Of her own.
The will goes on to say that when
Sweden is ours, Persia vanquished, Po-
land subjugated, Turkey conquered"
then Russia should make overtures to
Austria (then big power and France
ito share with them the dominion of the
world" Should these powers reject
Russian overtures, says Peter, then
Russia should aim at setting them
against each other to make them tear
each other to pieces" Russia should
then seize favorable moment to over
run France on the one hand and over
power Germany on the other. when
these countries are fully conquered the
rest of Europe must fall easily, and with
out struggle, under our yoke. Thus
Europe can and must be subjugated"
England figures in Peters will in only
minor way. 1t must be remembered
that at that time the elder Pitt had not
come to power to make England a
worldwide empire. Peter considered
England of Importance only for her
gold. If Russia could take India, Persia
and move on to the Far East, he said,
then Russia could dispense with English
gold.
Evening star., 1944-03-30
Cottonwood, Fort DouqIus

1t seems that dirt a0on't hold a tree so
fast
That March can't do her Uork. Last
night the storm
Returned aDith ancient singing, tore the
last
Firm root OF this old cottonwood,
1UhoSe form,
Familiar to this post for eighty gears,
Has been the robins place to mate
and nest
Ar-sUingers make short shrift OF pio-
neerS
Who Serued their purpose in this pass
ing West
March tore the page of February from
The calendar and turned ma thouqhts
to spring.
Who aDiH remember phen the uDarm days
come
That once there 1Uds tree Dhere
birds Mould sing?
Or care that March had done her work
so 1DeH
That, earth-released, this grave old giant
fell?
CULLEN JONES.
Evening star., 1944-03-30
Women in Politics
From the Topeka Capital

From the Topeka Capital
This year, with so many men either
In the armed forces or engrossed in war
work, the women's vote is certain to
count heavily. If women voted as unit,
they could control the election. Natu-
rally, they won't, but their influence is
certain to be far-reaching, more than
ever before in history.
1t should not be forgotten that women
will do more than vote; thousands of
them will enter into the campaign in
active efforts to influence the vote.
Some will run for Office, and others will
boost candidates with an enthusiasm
difficult for most men to understand
So keep your eye on the women Of
both parties this year. Whether they
are actively engaged in politics or do
ing their thinking In the vicinity Of
kitchen sinks. they will be . power in
the 1914 election.
Evening star., 1944-03-30

to be connected with the German armies
In Poland and White Russia 1t would
seem impossible that the Germans could
maintain their advance positions east
of the Pripet Marshes, the line OF
Vitebsk-Zhlobin, which they now hold.
Much more likely would seem a retire
ment which would put the Pripet
Marshes in front of the center of their
line as an obstacle, and, of course, a
corresponding withdrawal farther north.
One more thought in this connection
the Russians at the approaches to Jassy
are now only ITS miles from the Ploesti
oil fields If they get down to the
vicinity of Foscani they will be less than
100 air miles distant from Ploesti. Stra-
tegic bombing has never been the Rus
slams strong point, but even their COM
paratively small number of medium
bombers should be able to cause heavy
damage to the oil fields at such ranges
as these
Evening star., 1944-03-30

tically at the gates of Cernau6 and OF
Jassy; they have isolated the railway
town of Ribnitsa on the Dniester River
and cut the railways both east and west
of it; they have captured Nikolaev and
have broken across the Lower Bug.
All of these efforts tend to tighten the
contracting Russian claws about the
remainder of the German troops in the
Southwestern Ukraine. These have now
only two good lines of supply or of
retreat. One is by the railway and
highway crossings of the Dniester be-
tween TiraSpol and Bender. There were
formerly both railway and highway
bridges at this point, and it is to be
presumed that these bridges have been
restored by the Germans for their own
purposes since their advance across the
Dniester in 1941. The other route is by
the steam ferry across the Dniester
estuary to Alderman (Cetatea Alba).
The whole German position, not only
In the Southwestern Ukraine, but
throughout Bessarabia, is 30 insecure
Evening star., 1944-03-30
David Laurence

overtime rates and also a penalty Of
double the sum due, for failing to have
done something which the Court itself
says was not defined in the statute,
doesn't sound like fair or orderly
procedure under our system of Govern
ment
1t never was intended that the
Supreme Court should legislate or
supply definitions which Congress
failed to supply. In the absence of
definition, custom and usage prevail
That's the established rule in inter-
preting statute. But evidently the
seven New Deal Justices felt other
wise, and in this case custom and usage
were openly brushed aside. This is
one way to undermine a constitutional
system and to substitute instead the
whim Of different members of the
Supreme Court.
In the lower courts dissenting
opinion, Judge Sibley said:
If it would be better to include
travel time in work time, it ought to
be done by new bargain in which
rates of pay are also reviewed. If
the change is to be by special statute
tsome Western States have such a
statute) 1t will operate justly in future
and not by unexpected penalty as
here"
The remedy, of course, lies with
Congress, which must undertake not
only to correct the new legislation
written by the Supreme Court but
must hereafter write into law more
and more restrictive definitions lest
the Court undertake to supply phrases
which the Congress omits.
Reproduction Rights Reserved)
Evening star., 1944-03-30
Black Seq Eniomu

The Black Sea is a notoriously
tempestuous body of water, yet
strategically it is surprisingly quiet
during these crucial days. Two
aspects of the situation in the Black
Sea are especially strange. These
are the continued German retention
of the Crimea and the seeming alb
Sence of the Russian fleet from the
fighting zones. Both are so diff
ficult of explanation that they may
almost be classed as mysteries.
When the great Red drive from
the Volga to the Dnieper last sum-
~mer and autumn cut the German
land connection with the Crimean
Peninsula, the supposition was that
its Isolated garrison would quickly
be overcome by the Russian forces
bearing down from the north and
standing just across the narrow
Kerch Strait which separated the
Crimea from the Caucasus. Yet
several months have now elapsed
with virtually no mention of the
Crimea in either Moscow or Berlin
communicates. The garrison, of un-
disclosed strength, is supposed to
consist largely of Rumanians. 1t
seems unlikely that it could thus
have maintained itself unless it has
been in communication across the
stretch of sea with the German held
port of Odessa or those on the Ru-
manian and Bulgarian coasts.
This is where the Russian Black
Sea fleet should have entered the
picture. When the Russo-German
war began three years ago, this
fleet, which strategically dominated
the Black Sea, played an important
part in resisting the German sweep
across Southern Russia. The sue
cesslve loss of its naval bases at
Nikolaev in the Ukraine, Sevastopol
in the Crimea and NovorossiiSk in
the Caucasus left it only one port,
that of Batum, at the extreme end
of the Black Sea. near the Russo
Turkish border. Batum is a COM
merclal port, with no repair or
dockage facilities for warcraft. For
nearly two years the Russian fleet
has thus been in most unfavorable
circumstances, and it may be that
the ships have so deteriorated that
they are no longer able to operate
at the western end of the Black Sea,
where they would have to cope with
German airplanes and also with
hight German and satellite naval
units. At any rate, only Russian air
attacks upon German Black Sea
conveys have been mentioned in re-
cent dispatches.
Russian naval mastery of the
Black Sea would make possible the
complete isolation of the Crimea,
the cutting off Of coastwise traffic
from Odessa, and even descents of
expeditionary forces on the Ru-
manian and Bulgarian coasts. If
the Russian Black Sea fleet is in
capable of these tasks, the only
naval alternative would be the
passage. of Allied warships through
the Dardanelles after clearing the
Aegean Sea of German opposition,
and with Turkeys assent. Since
neither of these things is today
probable, the present enigma in the
Black Sea must await further in
formation before it can be explained.
Evening star., 1944-03-30

section in 1901, but, as the Erlcyclo-
paedia Britannica explains, 1t is
carried on by successive supple
ments." AS great requirement for
continuity surely exists for its "op-
posite number" on this side of the
Atlantic. The dictionary's value to
the public at large, not merely to
scholars, was manifest from its start
and again is confirmed by the
fascinating book now being dis
tributed to subscribers.
Evening star., 1944-03-30
Tax Inequities

In passing the O'Hara bill, the
House was motivated by the wholly
commendable desire to eliminate, as
far as it had power to do so, the
evils and inequities of multiple
taxation.
This problem arose after the Con-
gress in 1889 opened the door to
State taxation of the incomes of
Federal workers, with the result that
many of these persons have been
taxed on their incomes by two
States, and, in a few extreme cases,
even by three States. This is obvi-
ously unfair, and Congress has every
reason to want to correct it.
There are few things about this
bill, however, which should receive
careful consideration in the Senate.
It's one avowed purpose is to elimi-
nate multiple taxation, yet when
some of the Maryland representa-
tives sought to preserve the right
to tax persons living in Maryland,
but claiming domicile in a State
which has no income tax, they were
voted down by the House. The effect
of this will be to relieve such indi-
vidualS from the payment of any
State income tax, not to protect
them against multiple taxation.
Furthermore, as pointed out in the
debate, Maryland grants credit for
any income tax paid to another
State. Thus, person living in
Maryland and claiming domicile in
some other State which has an in
come tax would not pay any tax in
Maryland unless its rate was higher
than the rate in the State of
domicile. AS the Maryland repre-
sentatives pointed out, this would
not work hardship since the per-
sons living in Maryland receive full
benefit of all the facilities such as
schools, roads, fire and police pro-
lection, etc, which are provided by
the taxpayers of the State.
Another point brought out in
debate is that the O'Hara bill was
introduced largely because of the
passage of the District income tax
law. Although national in it's scope
so far as Federal employees are con-
cerned, it obviously will have it's
most important application in the
District. And, in practical effect, it
will relieve the individual of the
necessity of proving that he is
exempt from the local tax, passing
the burden in that respect to the
District taxing authorities. The
justification given for this was that
in most cases the amount of the
tax was so small-$25 or $50-aS to
make it improbable for the tax
payer to appeal to the courts to
rebut the prima facie presumption
that he was liable to the District
tax because he lives in the District,
and it cannot be said that this is
entirely without merit But it must
also be recognized that there is merit
to the contention that the District
has a claim to receive revenue from
persons who work here, live here
often for many years-and who
make full use Of the facilities pro-
vided by the other taxpayers in the
community. Yet the House, in pass
ing the O'Hara bill, did not even
study the extent to which it might
impair the Districts revenue-raising
power, and this, certainly, is a mat
ter which deserves careful consid-
Grafton in the Senate.
Evening star., 1944-03-30

term rumblings are
still counted in the
Democratic column.
If that be true, it
appears to be equal
ly true in the great
Midwest and the So
called M ou n t a / n
States are turning
to the Republican
party. Indeed. eight
of these Midwest
States voted against
President Roosevelt
in 1912.
Within the last 10
days this writer has
Evening star., 1944-03-30

have done. 1t also
offers a threat to
the only remaining
direct railway from
Germany and Ger
man-held Pol a n d
into Rumania, that
through Jablonica
Pass. A further Rus
sian advance of 20
miles to the west
ward would cut this
line also, together
with it's paralleling
highway.
Me a n while, the
Russians are prac-
Evening star., 1944-03-30
Oklahoma Verdict

Since the Republican political
strategists saw fitl to make the
Roosevelt administration the prin-
) cipal issue in Tuesdays special elec-
ton in Oklahoma's second congress
Sional district, they will have to
make the best of the verdict re-
turned by the voters.
That verdict was clearly an in
dorsement of the President and his
policies, the Democratic candidate
winning by a margin of about 1000
votes in total of some 10000. Nor
is there anything to suggest that
local rather than national consid-
erationS were the controlling factor
in the balloting.
There is room for doubt, of course,
as to the extent to which this result
in Oklahoma in a traditionally
Democratic district may be indica-
tive of national sentiment. In 1886
the total vote in the district was
1904, the Democrat winning by
1914 votes. In 1888 the vote was
53,393. the Democratic majority
being 22,723, and in 1910 the total
vote was 80,891. with a Democratic
margin of 1921. BY 1912, however,
with a total vote of 1884, the
Democratic margin had shrunk to
a mere 388 votes.
This formed one of the principal
grounds of the anti-Roosevelt pre-
election trend" forecasts, and now
the Republicans have lost by 1000
votes in the lightest total vote of
recent years. If that is evidence of
a trend, it is not of kind to bring
Joy to the hearts Of the COP.
Evening star., 1944-03-30

nearly three years
ago, Red Star, the
official organ of the
r e d Ar m y, said:
For the Red Army
there are no bound
aries"
Many observers in
Western Europe and
America will substi-
tute for the words
"R e d A r m y" tn e
more inclusive word
Russia" This, of
course, may be an
overhasty general
iZatiOn. Officially our
Evening star., 1944-03-30

United States may
be derived from a
consideration of the
effects of the latest
decision on portal
to-portal" pay in the
iron mines.
The decision not
only opens up de-
mands for back-pay
for all miners, but it
introduces the not
altogether r e m 0 t e
possibility that work.
erS in other lines of
industry may de-
mand payment for
Evening star., 1944-03-30
Letters to The Star
That Story About "Miss Mac"
Wins Generous Praise. :.
To the Editor Of The Star:

To the Editor Of The Star:
The story about Miss Mac" by New
bold Noye.S jr., seems to me as fine a
piece of writing as I have seen coming
out of the war. 1t is a great satisfac-
ton to know that Newbold Noyes' son
has the ability with which his father
was so richly endowed and I feel that
The Star and young Noyes are both to
be heartily congratulated.
HERBERT L. WILLETT, Jr.
To the Editor of The Star:
I do not think have ever had the
privilege of knowing Newbold Noyes, jr.
But / wish you would tell him that I
think the story on the front page of The
Star about Miss Mac" is not only one of
the finest things I have ever seen in
print, but also that I think it is superb
literature of the highest caliber.
ARTHUR H. VANDENBERG.
To the Editor of The Star:
The story of the English nurse, by
Newbold Noyes, Jr. was artistry of the
highest order.
A. WILLIS ROBERTSON.
Evening star., 1944-03-30

Her feet beneath her petticoat
like little mice stole in and out"
wrote the Jacobean poet of his
sWeetie. Today it might be some
thing like Her brawny knees strobe
down the street."
Evening star., 1944-03-30

The battle for the presidential elec-
tion this year will be won or lost in the
coast States-Atlantic and Pacific. The
Southern States, despite anti-fourth
Evening star., 1944-03-30
INaZ1 Kali LINK threatened Maj GeorgeFieldiug Eliot

The Russian capture of Kolomea cuts
the two main rail links between Ger
many and Eastern Rumania as effec-
lively as the capture of Cernauti would
Evening star., 1944-03-30
This Changing World

When the Russians announced they
had advanced to the Prut River, the bor-
der between Russia and Rumania where
the Germans launched their invasion
Evening star., 1944-03-30

Local letters will now cost three
cents instead of two. Indiscreet
ones, however, may cost almost any
amount.
Evening star., 1944-03-30
Mine Decision ASSailed

Some idea of the confusion and chaos
created in the conduct of American
business enterprises by the New Deal
members of the Supreme Court of the
Evening star., 1944-03-30
Puzzled About War Aims.

To the Editor of The Star:
An opinion poll conducted among the
students of the University of California,
according to news report, indicates
that these young people do not know
what we are fighting this war for.
Is that strange? Vice President WAL
lace, in a speech some months ago,
stated that we are fighting because
three devils got loose in the world"
At about the same time one of Mr..
Wallace's associates, Milo Perkins,
stated that we are fighting because
I'VE never learned how to make our
chronological civilization work"
All this is in contrast to the Ameri-
can party line of the Communists who
maintain that we fight because Hitler
double-crossed the democracies in the
mutual plan to wipe out Soviet Russia.
Evidently the entire question needs
further Qualification for the average
American. HARVEY MAXWELL