davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1944-11-06
MIS-. EAiabeth Morrison
Dies al Naval Hospital

Mrs. Elizabeth, j.. Morrioh, 46,
wife Of 1t. Comdr. r. w. Morrison,
y. 8. M, died yesterday ut Naval
Medical Center, Bethesda, Md. She
Evening star., 1944-11-06

Norfolk, Va.
Other survivors include two
brothers, Marcy Harty. Long Island.
N. T.: Jack Harty, Providence, and
one sister, Mrs. Margaret Walsh.
Evening star., 1944-11-06
Lawrence
(Continued From Page A-1O.)

practically all the doubtful, States,
and have given Roosevelt only one
Of the really doubtful States, name
ly, Pennsylvania
Evening star., 1944-11-06

But, certain grades and sizes of coal
are needed for war production. And, in
addition, your ocaldealer is handicapped
by shortage in manpower, trucks and
tires. So, be patient with him.
Little, common-sense precautions can
make your coal pile last 1920 longer
and cut that much off your fuel bill.
Clean your heating system. 'Winterize'
your house with Misunderstanding and
storm windows. Close off unused rooms.
For other suggestions see your coal dealer.
Evening star., 1944-11-06

Q. Wills neutral countries provide
a refuge for war criminals?-G. B. A.
A. Portugal, Spain, Argentina,
Sweden, Turkey and Switzerland
have stated that they will refuse
asylum to war criminals. Fire has
not yet done so.
Evening star., 1944-11-06

One Of the biggest jobs of the C&OI
Lines is hauling coal from the mines along
its routes, 50 we're in a position to under
stand the problem and to know how
essential coal is these days.
Evening star., 1944-11-06

Reproduction Rishts Reseryed.l
Evening star., 1944-11-06

Ofreef0fs
BRUCE BAIRD
1. RANDOLPH BAkBEK
DANIEL L. BORDEN
"a, r. CALNAN
HENRY r. ERWIN
D. r. GAI1LARD
JAMES M. JOHNSTON
HAROLD n. MAKeH
ALLISON n. MILLER
CARROLL MORGAN
Z. X. NORRIS
DONALD =. ROBERTS
sREDERIC N. TOWERS
GRIFFITH-WAKFIELD
ROBERT W. WILSON
Evening star., 1944-01-14
ices that would not b IN actlonable

ices that would not b an actionable
wrong.
Calls Action Handicap.
Whether this would not be an
actionable wrong !, Of course, rs 4
layman have no opinions to of3er,
but have no hesitation in saying
that I think that whether actionable
or not 1t would certainly be an un-
considerable wrong both to the press
and to the people.
Apparently the first amendment,
granting protection to free press,
does not apply to the Associated
Press, in view Of the majority opin-
ion; on the contrary. the opinion
says and so, even II this were q
case Of the ordinary kind-the pro-
duction Of fungible goods, like steel,
machinery, clothes or the like-it
would be q nice question whether
the handicap upon those excluded
from the combination should pre-
vail over the claim of the members
to enjoy the fruits Of their fore
sight, industry and sagacity.'
Forecasts Appeal.
ITO me it seems of little impor-
tance whether one descendant of
Joseph Medill in Chicago succeeds
in preventing the election OF Mar
shall Field and another in Washing
ton succeeds in obtaining member
ship.
"The vital question is whether the
Evening star., 1944-01-14

tally, an amendment to the tax bill
pending in the Senate which would
require labor unions to make a dis
closure to the Bureau of Internal
Revenue of all moneys collected
from dues and of all expenditures.
The labor unions are fighting the
passage Of this simple proposal in
the Senate, though the House has
adopted 1t.
The labor unions have taken a
mistaken view Of their right to be
immune from compliance with exist
ing Federal election laws whilst
other organizations are restricted
in political activities. Perhaps the
whole question of the rights of labor
unions will become a subject for
action now. Clearly the union
leaders have not learned to let we'll
enough alone in these trying times
when there is so much criticism
being directed at unions for their
wartime strikes and work stoppages.
Reproduction Rights ReservedD
Evening star., 1944-01-14

be without political, religious or
economic tinge and without sim
lister private control; q nonproflt-
making organization and one in
which its members were free to Sc
lect their associates.
The Associated Press never ac-
cepted all comers as members.
1T, by the very nature Of its or
ganization, repudiated any desire
for monopoly, but on the other hand
holds that competition is vital to
the best interests Of both members
and nonmembers of the Associated
Press. For, at least in my opinion,
a news service that Is a monopoly
will also be static service.
without Legal BIemish."
"For more than 40 years the As
sociated Press was given clear bill
Of health by the Department OF JUS
tice; two Attorney Generals studied
It's status and decided that 1t was
without legal blemish.
Nov comes this decision and
confess that I feel like an octogena-
rian Alice in Wonderland.
THE special court in a majority
opinion, but with very vigorous
dissenting opinion, has decided that,
although 1t neither has nor seeks a
monopoly and does not seek to i'm
pede competition, 1t nevertheless is
in violation Of the Antitrust Acts.
'"The Congress has never passed
any legislation attributing to news
gathering a public utility status.
"The majority decision, however,
holds that If legislation is lacking a
Federal court can by decree make the
Associated Press a public utility in
effect and that If this should result
in the extinction Of competing serv-
Evening star., 1944-01-14
Kappa Sigmo Leader
To Speak in Arlington

Cochran Fisher, district grand
master of Kappa Sigma Fraternity,
will discuss War and Postwar
Plans OF KZ" at a monthly meet
ing of the Alpha Eta Club of Kap-
pa Sigma Sunday night at the
home of 1t. G.g) and Mrs. Richard
Webb, 1884 North Troy street, Co.
lonial Village. Arlington, Va.
All Kappa Sigmas attending
George Washington University or
alumni members living in the
Metropolitan Area are invited to
attend the meeting and affiliate
with the Alpha Eta Club, national
school fraternity.
Evening star., 1944-01-14


now are richer than many corpora
tions and have vast accumulations
of dues collected from 100000
workers, and while Congress may
have thought 1t was keeping this
money from being used to influence
elections, it may turn out that tech
nical loopholes have been left which
permit large slush funds in our
politics.
The Federal Corrupt Practices Act
came into being in the administra-
tion of Theodore Roosevelt as a con-
sequence of the exposure that vari-
GUS corporations had used stock
holders money to influence elections
Last year labor unions were placed
in the same category as corporations
and were forbidden to contribute to
political campaigns 'in connection
with" any Federal elections.
But the CIO, through its counsel,
Leo PresSman, assisted in the is
suance of memorandum last month
to all regional directors of the CIO
Political Action Committee telling
them that the Federal Corrupt Prac-
tices Act really didn't apply to money
spent by them in connection with
Federal elections provided that this
money is spent directly by the labor
organization and not pursuant to an
agreement or prearrangement with
these candidates, their political
parties or committee"
Thus, he says, "a labor organiza-
tion may spend it's monies as part
of its general activities in connec-
ton with Federal election by way
of advancing the candidacy of a
particular person by distribution of
leaflets, arranging meetings of its
members and the general public,
ETC."
But every candidate for a polit-
ical office would be happy if he
didn't have to be concerned with
campaign expenditures made in his
interest. 1t would be simple mat
ter, too, if corporations could buy
radio time or pay for billboards or
banners or pay the expenses of po-
litlcal meetings Of citizens to ad-
vance a particular candidacy and
yet not be required to conform to
the spirit and letter of the Federal
Corrupt Practices Act, which forbids
contributions "in connection with
any election at which presidential
and vice presidential electors or a
Senator or Representative in Con-
gress are to be voted for"
If the law is as broad as the CIO
Political Action Committee claims it
to be, then 1t is time Congress
frightened it up 50 that money would
not be a primary factor in influ-
encing elections. President Roose-
welt, it will be recalled, in his veto
last summer of the Smith Connally
Act-which contains the provision
that amends the corrupt practices
law to include labor unions-said
that Congress should deal with this
whole matter in separate legisla-
ton. Little did he realize then,
perhaps, that what he believed was
just a means of putting aside the
proposal on the theory that action
might never be taken turns out now
actually to be a means of acceler-
ating congressional action.
Congress has before it, inciden-
Evening star., 1944-01-14
Appeal Is Expected
In Associated Press
Membership Ruling
By the Associated Press.

NEW YORK, Jan. 14.-Judgment
was filed in Federal Court yesterday
restraining the Associated Press per-
petually from observing bylaws
under which members might con-
slider the competitive ability Of an
applicant for membership, but
stipulating that the A. p. might
restrict admission on other grounds.
The order was stayed for 60 days
to permit either the news-gathering
cooperative or the Government to
appeal to the Supreme Court. In
the event Of an appeal, the stay
would remain in effect pending a
decision.
Frank B. Noyes, honorary presi-
dent of the A. p, president of The
Washington Star and a director of
A. P. for so years, said in a state
ment that he took 1t "for granted
that the decision will be appealed"
John Henry Levin, special as
sistant to the Attorney General and
one Of counsel in the case, said in
Washington that the decree consti-
tutes a significant victory for the
Government"
3 Provisos Presented.
The section declaring illegal by
laws under which the A. P. might
take into consideration the effect
of admission upon the ability of
(an) applicant to compete" with
A. P. members in the same territory
or field (morning, evening or Sun
day. included this proviso:
Nothing herein shall prevent the
adoption by the Associated Press of
new or amended bylaws which will
restrict admission. provided that
members in the same city and in
the same field as an
applicant publishing a newspaper in
the United States of America or its
territories, shall not have the power
to impose, or dispense with, any con-
ditions upon his admission and that
the bylaws shall af1irmatively de-
clare that the effect of admission
upon the ability of such applicant to
compete with members in the same
city and field shall not be taken
into consideration In passing upon
his application"
The judgment contained three
other restraints, which the court
said could be modified or terminated
in the event the A. P. amended its
bylaws respecting admission.
Would Open Report.
These provisions, which were
stayed for l20 days, would:
Enjoin observance of bylaws un-
der which % the A. P. withholds
its news report from newspapers
owned by other than A. P. members
and CD A. P. members and their
employees are restricted from fur
nishing local news of spontaneous
origin gathered by them to persons
other than the A. P. and its men,
bers and CD cancel the exclusive
provisions Of the new agreement be-
tween the A. P. and the Canadian
Press.
Mr.. Levin said in a statement:
AhC iiidl ucCIce CONFORMS III
substance with the decree proposed
by the Government last November.
In few particulars the court failed
to grant all the relief which the
Government recommended, but on
the main point of the case the de-
cree constitutes significant victory
for the Government and greatly
strengthens future enforcement of
the Sherman Act"
Counsel for the A. P. made no
statement. The A. P.'s Board of
Directors will meet next week.
Evening star., 1944-01-14
Mrs. Homun to Direct
NCCS Public Relations

Mrs. Helen Walker Homan Of
New York City, author of "By
Post to the Apostles" and former
managing editor of the Forum,
has been appointed acting director
of the public relations department
of the National Catholic Commu-
nifty Service, Francis P. Matthews,
chairman of the Executive Com
mittee of the NCCS, announced
today.
Mrs. Homan, member Of the
New York State bar, had previous
ly served as feature editor and field
worker for the NCCS. She will
take the place of Courtenay Saw
age, director of the public rela-
tions department of the NCCS, who
is now on special assignment for
the United States Army.
Evening star., 1944-01-14
THE EVENING STAR, Washington, DC A-o


D. O., was announced today by Mr..
and Mrs. Homer Lake.
U. 8. Randle, Warrington and
Virginia horse fancier, plans to
occupy the place, bring his string Of
race and show horses here and
operate the estate as a cattle and
grazing farm. The property In
Evening star., 1944-01-14
Noyes Calls A. p. Decision
Bitter Disappointment

By the Associated Press.
Frank B. Noyes, honorary presi-
dent of the Associated Press, presi-
dent of The Washington Star and
for so years director of A. p, COM
mented yesterday as follows on the
Federal Court judgment in the Gov
ernment's antitrust action against
the Associated Press:
Speaking for myself alone. NAV
say that this decision comes to me
as a bitter disappointment.
For more than so years I have
devoted a very large part of my
life to further the interests of the
Associated Press, believing that
thus I was taking a part in what
Victor F.. Lawson described as an
adventure in altruism.'
Recalls A. P.'s Founding.
"The Associated Press was found
ed in its modern form by a COM
paratively small minority of Amer
lean newspapers in order to assure
its members that they would receive
a comprehensive, accurate and un-
biased nonpartisan report of the
worlds happenings, one that would
Evening star., 1944-01-14

members Of the association may use
their own Judgment In election or
denial freely or whether they can
be properly coerced to vote against
what they regard as the best interest
LOT the organization itself.
THE more I think Of It the more
I feel like Alice In Wonderland.
II take it for granted that the
decision will be appealed"
Evening star., 1944-01-14

cludes . large frame residence,
large barns and other farm build
ings. 1t has been long known as
one Of the best cattle-producing
farms In this section.
The sale was handled through the
real estate of1lce of j. Green Carter.
Warrenton, Va.
Evening star., 1944-01-14
BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN.


@. Who was the first woman to
serve as justice of the peace?-W.
d. G.
A. Mrs. Esther Morris of South
Pass City. Wyo., was the first
woman justice of the peace in the
world.
@. How fast does a persons hair
grow?-B. N. G.
A. Different types have different
rates of growth, the average being
about / inch in 81 days. Heavy,
bristly hair grows faster than fine,
silky hair. The life span of a hair
is about four years.
@. Why are there so many
churches in honor of st. Nicholas
in seaports?-W. F.. K.
A. An important function of st.
Nicholas was to guide mariners;
hence many seaport towns have
churches dedicated to him and in
them sailors hang votive pictures
and return thanks for preservation
at sea.
@. Why has the Army no COM
pany "J'?-T. M.
A. Col. Charles K. Gardner, who
is the author of the system of using
letters for the companies and regi-
ments of the Army omitted the
letter ~" because at that time
Q8l6) the letters II" and "J' were
written alike.
@. What animals make use Of
tools?-J. C. L.
A. Certain wasps and the spin
ming or tailor ants are the only
living creatures besides man that
naturally use tools.
@. Who was the first book agent
in America?-E. l.. H.
A. Parson Mason Locke Weems.
With a copy of his Life Of WASH
ington" under one arm and tracts
on morality under the other, he
made house-to-house visits to the
citizens of the young Nation.
@. What is the source of most of
our Christian names?-C. E. L.
A. The Bible supplies about one
half the names of civilized men
Many more masculine than feminine
names are mentioned, there being
about 95 names for men to about
five for women.
@. What was the bloodiest battle
Of the Revolutionary War;. B. N.
A. In its percentage of killed and
wounded, Oriskany ranks as the
bloodiest battle of this war.
@. What was the purpose of
Chopin's Funeral March" ?-D. L. c.
A. The march, which is the third
movement of the Sonata, Opus 35,"
does not mourn the death of an
individual, but expresses the COM
poser's feelings over the loss OF
independence by his native Poland.
@. When and by whom was a cup
first awarded as trophy?-O. r. F..
A. The idea originated with Queen
Anne of England in 17l4. She
awarded a gold cup so that toasts
might be slipped from 1t.
@. How long did the Sicilian cam
paign last?-W. E. R.
A. The campaign lasted from July
10 to August IT, 1943. Some Army
units from the North African cam
paign took part.
@. How did. the Sinaiticus, oldest
known manuscript of the Bible, get
| this Named. N. A.
A. The manuscript was found in
convent on Mount Sinai, hence the
name.
Evening star., 1944-01-14

poses, must at
the same time
permit corpora
tions, trade as
sociations q n d
other organiza-
tions to spend
money without
limit in connec-
ton with Fed
eral elections In
which the Presi-
dent and Vice
President and
members Of Con-
greSs are to be
yyNtoS for
-l .1
Evening star., 1944-01-14
Huskin's
to
Questions

A reader can get the answer to any
question Of fact by writing The Eve
ming Star Information Bureau, Fred
eric j. Haskin. director, Washington,
D. c. Please inclose stamp for return
postage
Evening star., 1944-01-14
Big Warrenton Farm Sold
10 RandIe Estates, Inc.
special Dispa tch to The star.

Special Dispatch to The Star.
WARRENTON. Va. Jan. IA
The sale of Lake Knolls, 350-acre
estate on the Lees Ridge Road, 3
miles south Of Warrenton, to the
Randle Estates, Inc, of Washington,
Evening star., 1944-01-14
Biddle in the Middle
Attorney General Put in Difficult Spot
BY Smith Charge on CIO Committee
BY DAVID LAWRENCE.

Attorney General Bidde has been put difficult position by
the letter from Representative Smith Democrat Of Vr
gina who calls attention to what he alleges
Federal Corrupt Practices Act by the CIO Political
mittee.
The Attorney General must prosecute ruling which
Evening star., 1944-01-14

@. How did. the Sinaiticus, oldest
known manuscript of the Bible, get
this Named. N. A.
A. The manuscript was found in
a convent on Mount Sinai, hence the
name.
Evening star., 1944-01-14

@. How long did the Sicilian cam
paign last?-W. E. r.
A. The campaign lasted from July
10 to August IT, 1943. Some Army
units from the North African cam
|paign took part.
Evening star., 1944-01-14

If 1t permits labor organizations to-
spend their money for political pur-
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-12-03
.WidowsAid
Bill Speeded
Provides Pensions
for Vets Families

WASHINGTON, Dec. 2 (INS)
- Prompt Senate action on the
bill to extend for the first time
pensions to all widows and minor
children of World War I veterans
was assured today by Senator Hill
CD of Alabama, acting majority
leader.
Hills statement came after the
S e n a e finance committee APP
proved the House-passed bill with
amendments enlarging the pension
rates.
The bill would give a veterans
widow with other income of less
than 81 900 a year, SIS a month;
a widow with one child and less
than $500 income, S45 and SIS for
each additional child. The limit
to any family is placed at $74.
Present pensions are restricted
to women and children of veterans
who had disabilities traceable 10
service. A law passed last May
extended those service connected"
benefits TO widows and children of
World War II veterans.
Cost of the program Is esti-
mated at $37, 900, 900 for the first
year, to increase to peak OF
700, 900 cases costing $500, 000, 600
annually in 20 to Is years.
The House bill had provided $50
a month for a veterans widow
S3S for a widow and one child, 81
for each additional child, and set
the ceiling at $64 for a family.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-12-03
lst Army Destroys
4 Nazi Divisions
Military, NOT Hitler,
Touch Marks Fighting

WITH THE L. s. FIRST ARMY
IN GERMANY. Dec. 2 UNS)-
The American First Army, Off
Gals revealed tonight, has de-
stroyed four German divisions
since Nov 16 and beaten two
others so badly that these Nazi
forces have had TO be removed
from the front lines to be recon-
stituted.
More than $4,000 Germans have
been taken prisoner by the First
and Ninth u. s. armies, the head
quarters spokesman said, and
enemy casualties were estimated
to be running three to every one
suffered by the Yanks.
German artillery forces oppos-
ing the American First and Ninth
armies apparently have been rein
forced by new units.
"Tt is obvious that Hitler Is
not handling this show" de-
clared one high-ranking u. 5.
staff officer.
"The enemy strategy and use
OF troops has a very professional
touch. Field Marshal Gen. Gerd
Won Runstedt probably Is being
left alone.
THE Germans are showing
skillful and able use of the
power available to them"
The staff officer continued by
that the enemy is sell
ing every meter Of ground be-
tween kre and the Rhine very
dearly.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-12-03
Clio Battles
Pay Tax Cut
Ask Defeat Of Bill
TO Freeze Rate

WASHINGTON. Dec. 2 (uP)-
The Go today undertook cam
paign TO defeat legislation which
would freeze the Social Security
tax at l per cent for another year
After the bill was set for House
consideration next Tuesday. Ma
than Cowan. Go legislative direc-
tor. urged all House members to
defeat H.
Employers and employees now
arc better able 10 absorb the au-
tomato increase TO 2 per cent. ne
said The added funds are needed
not only for existing benefits, ne
said. but also for the expanded
program the people are deter
mined TO have for themselves and
their children. ~
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-12-03
; Seriously Injured
In Trolley, Auto Crash

Three persons are in serious
condition at Receiving Hospital
and a score of others were shaken
and showered with flying glass,
when an automobile plowed into
the side of a westbound Baker
street car at Mt. Elliott and Ferry
Saturday night.
The injured. all passengers in
the auto, are: John Kolacdziej
%, of TOPS Duncan, the driver;
John MatuSzezek. "a. Of 3671
Trombley. and Miss Mildred
Eback, %, of 1436 Minnesota,
ROYAL Oak.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-12-03
Oil Treaty Appears
Doomed in Senate
Connolly Announces
Opposition to Pact

WASHINGTON. Dec, ? tINS)
Senator Connolly ID) Of Texas,
chairman OF the Senate foreign
relations committee, today vir-
Wall. killed the Anglo-American
oil trcaty-the first treaty on
postwar economic cooperation 10
De submitted 10 the Senate.
The Anglo American oil
treaty now pending before the
committee on foreign relations
will. In my opinion, never he
ratified by the Senate" said
Connolly.
1T is my opinion that the
treaty is unfair 20 the American
oil industry and il not neces-
Sary for the general welfare. l
have been opposed 10 raiifica-
tion since il was first sub
mitted to the committee"
The treaty, which was sub
mitted by President Roosevelt on
Aug a, 1914. was recommended
by retiring Secretary of State
HUI a strong advocate Of inter-
national economic cooperation.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-12-03
Flint Pilot Downs
jap in Truk Raid

Capt. II. Winston H. Park of
Flint was among army fighter
plane pilots credited with kills on
the Truk mission Nov. % when
the filters destroyed four out of
five Jap interceptors, according
to an announcement from the
war department.
The group, now stationed on
Saipan, is helping TO protect the
massive fleet of B-29 Super
fortresses.