davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1944-05-22
NLRB Under Fire

Inc aItacK winch Philip Murray
and the Executive Board of the
CIO have made on the National
Labor Relations Board does not
come as any great surprise.
From the time of it's organization
under a law which was frankly
weighted on the side of labor, the
B board has been openly and often
militantly "prolabor." The original
members of the board went so far
in their efforts to promote the
growth of the CIO that the Presi-
dent, despite his own wishes in the
matter, was forced by the opposition
OF the AF'L to replace them.
These changes in personnel have
brought to the board men whose
sympathies incline to the labor point
of view, but who also have sense
of balance and restraint that was
not a characteristic of the original
members. Despite the claims of the
CIO, the present board is not at all
partial to employers. 1t seems evi-
dent, however, that the members
now serving have keener regard
for the public interest than was the
case in the past, even though this
occasionally necessitates the refusal
Of some unreasonable labor demand.
For instance, the present board
has refused to extend the benefits
of the Wagner Act to employees who
strike in an effort to force their
employer to grant an illegal wage
increase. They have held that fore
men, while protected by the act
against discrimination, cannot or
ganize and compel their employers
to bargain collectively with them.
And now, for the sole purpose of
expediting the handling of disputes
which hamper the prosecution of
the war, the board is considering a
change in its rules which would per-
NIT employers, during the war, to
ask for elections where there is
doubt as to whether a particular
union represents a majority of
employees.
All of this is very alarming to Mr..
Murray and the CIO executive board.
The NLRB and particularly Gerard
Reilly, one of its members, are
accused of evidencing sense of
irresponsibility and complete lack
of understanding of our war prob
lems." The proposed change in elec-
ton rules will have a terrifying
impact" upon war production. The
protection afforded labor by the law
is being seriously undermined" :"
And SO on.
Actually, the board is attempting
to do nothing more than show a
decent regard for the public interest
and to facilitate the prosecution Of
the war. But this will not serve to
shield the members from the fury
OF labor leaders who have become
so accustomed to special treatment
that they resent the mildest show of
independence on the part of the men
picked to administer the law which
is known as "labor's Magma Carta." I"
Evening star., 1944-05-22
Symbol of Unity
BY Maj. George FieIdina Eliot

On every battle front of this global
war, the essential military unity of the
United Nations is being cemented with
the blood OF their sons On every battle
front, the very words United Nations"
become, with every added day of con-
flict and of sacrifice, more of an estab-
lished symbol of existing fact, and less
the expression of vague and distant
aspiration.
In italy, the flags OF Poland, Britain,
France and America fly together above
the ruins Of the Abbey on Monte Cas-
sino. The men of those nations yes.
and the men of India, of Morocco. of
South Africa and of New Zealand, died
to set those flags on high, a-gleam in
the sunshine of victory. Not only ma
tions, but the continents, the four cor
ners of the earth, were there assembled
in arms against the forces Of darkness.
In the British Isles, the young men of
those islands, and of Canada, and of
the United States gather in their hun
dreds of thousands for the decisive bat
tie Of the west. With them are Poles,
Belgians, Dutchmen, Czechs, Norwegians,
ready to die that their countries may
again be free. Meanwhile the airmen
OF all these nations fly ceaselessly, day
and night, over the enemy's crumbling
cltadels, smashing the centers of his
power, preparing the way for the final
battle of the nations.
Along the vast Eastern Front, the
battle-tried legions of Russia are
gathering for their part in the final
struggle. Poles and Czechs are with
them, too, and their ranks include men
OF all the great and varied congeries of
peoples who go to make up the popu-
lation of the Soviet Union
In Burma, Americans and Britons.
Chinese and Indians, little Gurkhas
from Nepal and Lachin tribesmen from
the northern hills are breaking the
back of the Japanese power in all the
region north of Mandalay, are carry
ing forward the road that will bring
fresh help to the long suffering people
of China.
British command, composed of British,
American, French and Dutch warships
and planes, Is hammering away at the
enemy outposts in Sumatra and Java.
In the Southwest Pacific, American,
Australian and New Zealand forces are
pushing back the Japanese from their
last footholds on the island continent
Of New Guinea. Meanwhile, Chinese
armies. supported by American aircraft,
fight stoutly for the vital lines of COM
munication within China itself, and in
the North and Central Pacific a vast
American amphibious power poises for
new blows against the Japanese island
defenses.
Thus on the fighting fronts, the United
Nations are truly united. Their efforts
are co-ordinated. Their soldiers and
sailors and airmen give loyal obedience
Evening star., 1944-05-22

to the orders of commanders in chief
who may not be of their own land or
their own service, and loyal cooperation
to each other when battle Is Joined.
But when We look elsewhere for the
same unity, we do not find it. The
military unity which we have achieved
will end when the need for it has
passed with the defeat of the common
foe. The political unity which will
then be needed to reap the harvest
that has been so dearly bought, to
perpetuate the victory that has been
won at such sacrifice, does not yet exist,
and cannot be created. For the pres
sures which now hold the nations to-
gether will be relaxed, the common
danger will be dissipated, and the CEN
trlfugal forces of greed and suspi-
cion and selfishness will be at work
upon the minds and hearts of all of us.
1t is only now, while we are united
in a great common effort, while the
sons of all the United Nations are
dying side by side upon q hundred
battlefields. that we can hope to forge
enduring links of permanent associa-
ton to preserve the peace that they
are dying to win. Every day that
passes without accomplishment in this
direction Is a day lost which can never
De regained. 1t We continue to post
pone, to delay, to wait, to dilly-dally
with the fate of the world, one of those
days will be the last day; one of those
days will be too late.
The time has come for the American
people to ask their Government why
we must postpone further the formation
OF United Nations Council as begin
ming toward the political unity of the
United Nations which must be achieved
If our victory is to be worth the winning
Why must we wait to take the lead in
asking our Allies to join with us in this
first and essential step? Why must
there be further delay in saying boldly
and clearly what we are fighting for,
and the sort of world we want to live
In, and asking those who are fighting
at our side to help us erect this definite
symbol OF our continued unity? Why
cannot we now begin the task Of Great
ing the instrument Of that unity which
Is essential If the cast and complex
problems Of the peace to come are to be
solved. II the great alliance is not to
dissolve on the day after victory Is won
as every other alliance in history has
dissolved?
This is no subject for partisan debate.
This is no political football. This is
matter which concerns the future of
every child In America, Of the Nation
as whole, of the world as a place in
which human beings may live and work
and pursue happiness-or which they
can, If they continue along the blind
and stupid courses Of the past, make
into hell which viii beggar the imag-
ination of q thousand Dantes
tcopyright 1914. New York Tribune. Ins)
Evening star., 1944-05-22
Terms for German Arms

It Is a matter of historical fact
that the Kaiser's armies surren-
dered in the First World War
because they had been smashed in
the field, because Ludendorff and
other top German commanders had
become convinced that the game
was up, because the combined might
of the Allies had made the defeat a
mathematical certainty. Yet, in the
after years, the rise of the Nazis
was helped in no small measure by
Hitler's constant repetition Of the
lie that these armies we're never
beaten, but were, instead, betrayed"
by the Reich home front and SWIM
died" into laying down their arms
by President Wilson and his four
teen points. BY 1889 this distortion
had been SO ably exploited by the
Goebbels propaganda machine that
most of the German people believed
it to be true, and probably still
believe it.
The same thing cannot be allowed
to happen again. When this war
comes to an end, it must be made
clear beyond the shadow of doubt
so clear that no future Hitler will
be able to twist it to serve his
ambitions-that the defeat of Ger
man armed power was total. Ac-
cordingly, even though it may stiffen
Nazi resistance, the report that
Britain, Russia and the United
States are planning to make the
Wehrmacht surrender completely,
without any conditions or prior
bargaining, is reassuringly in keep
ing with the lesson we have learned
from the past. 1t was not enough,
last time, to get rid of the Kaiser
and do nothing about Germany's
militarism. Nor will it be enough
now to get rid of Hitler and the
Nazi hierarchy and do nothing about
the general staff and the armies
fighting us. Germans for genera
tlons to come must be convinced
that their soldiers, their sailors and
Evening star., 1944-05-22

people life and hope. Imprisonment
for life Is not 4 form of education.
Many European countries have been
conquered, disarmed and put under
military occupation by Hitler. But all
his horses and all his men have been
unable to administer them in peace
because Hitler's rule was death SEN
: tence. Some OF these countries are
nations revived for only quarter Of
a century. But with their armies de-
feated and disarmed, guerrillas stil fight
in mountains, and saboteurs in fac
tories. Since everyone agrees that the
Germans are as obstinate as Yugo-
slavs and Poles, one must expect that
given similar circumstances the Ger
mans would behave the same way.
X i
Mr.. Rex Stout's organization-ad-
vised, incidentally by q number Of
Germans-takes the line that Germans
are an incorrigible people. Yet this
organization asserts that 1t does not
want their determination. II they be
right, the only conclusion is: Make
Germany q permanent colony-over
which there will certainly be struggle
between the v1ctors-and it win be q
colony that will make more trouble
than India, and all previous colonies
rolled into one. What Hitler could not
do to his fellow Europeans, with the
philosophy, temperament and plan to
do it, Britain and America certainly
cannot do.
II I have argued logically, then:
What consunmation is devoutly to be
wished? st5dtf
To be wished is Germany, gov
erned by law. restored by parliamentary
procedures, drastically and ruthlessly
purged Of the reckless adventurers who
have brought her and the world into
this tragedy. deprived of instruments
for aggression, compelled to restore,
insofar as it is possible, the dreadful
destruction she has wrought; with a
social stabilization achieved for her
working people; with her frontiers,
whatever they may be, protected by a
system of collective security; and wirh
Russia, the western powers, and Ger
many herself tied tightly into what
ever European and world system Is
created.
This is TO be desired, not for the
sake Of Germany. but for our own
sakes-which is, after all, what matters.
Released by The Bell Syndicate. Inc)
Evening star., 1944-05-22

Marshal Jan Christian Smuts,
Prime Minister of South Africa and
one of the worlds foremost soldier
statesmen, our Allied forces now
have Hitler caught in a triangular
squeeze, in a three-way wise, from
which there is no escaping, and
which is made all the more deadly
because Of what we are able to do
in the air in conjunction with our
land and sea operations.
Apart from the sea and air, where
we are endlessly on the 60, only
one side of the triangle is currently
pressing with major force against
the Nazis. This is in Italy. The
second side-the vast Eastern Front
lis relatively inactive while the
Red Army regroups, reorganizes and
draws up supplies for a smashing
new all-out offensive. And the
third side-the imminent invasion
from the British Isles-is likely at
any moment to erupt into action OF
unprecedented violence in Western
Europe. Hemmed in by all this, his
war industries forever being bombed
and his Luftwaffe incapable now of
putting up truly effective fight,
the enemy must rely chiefly on his
network of land Notifications. But
formidable as these may be, they
are not enough to save him; they
are no more impregnable than the
celebrated Maginot Line; they can
at best but delay the consummation
of our complete victory.
Indeed, given the application of
overwhelming Allied power every
where when all three sides of the
triangle are fully activated, these
Notifications may not be able to
effect even an appreciable delay. In
this connection, Field Marshal
Smuts bids us to look at Italy, and
when we look there, we see how our
forces-with great rapidity-have
smashed the vaunted Gustav Line
In its entirely and how they are
now doing the same thing to the
Hitler Line, which was said to be
stronger still. This speaks pretty
much for itself; 1t means, in effect,
that when the Red Army strikes
again in the east and when the in
vasion comes in the west, the fixed
positions of the Nazis may prove
far less forbidding than the Goeb-
bels propaganda machine has tried
to make them seem.
Evening star., 1944-05-22
This Changing World
By Consfa Sfins Brosvn

IN what will be one Of the last pre-
invasion political bomhshells, the Soviet
government will recognize Gen. Charles
de Gaulle's provisional government" ~
the government which will rule France
when the nation Is liberated.
For some time Moscow has extended
full recognition to Gen. de Gaulle's Com
mittee Of National Liberation, which has
had full-fiedged Embassy in the, Soviet
capital Ambassador Bogomolov, who
until Gen. de Gaulle established himself
permanently at Algiers had been the
Russian representative to the govern
ment In exile In London, has been Mos
cows ambassador to the committee.
NOW that the hour Of liberation Of
France Is approaching. and Gen. de
Gaulle Is anxious to appear In France
as the fully recognized government of
the French people, Moscow has decided
to give him that unreserved recognition,
Britain has been aware Of this I'M
pending step for some time and inform
ed the State Department last week of
Russia's intentions. There are strong
indications that London desires to fol-
low IN Moscow's footsteps but does not
wish to act without consulting the
American Government, which still Ia
strongly opposed to any diplomatic
measure which goes against our pledges
to the French people"
1t Is possible, however, that when con-
fronted with final decision from Mos
COW and London, Washington may re-
wise its policies, much as it may dislike
to do so.
An American military mission COM
posed OF a general and several colonels
and majors recently was scheduled to
leave for Algiers, but when 1t became
obvious that Russia would recognize
Gen. de Gaulle as aide facto government
the missions departure was Cancelled.
1t Is not yet clear whether this means
the American Government intends to
re-entrench itself in its old policies and
has Cancelled plans for the mission to
Evening star., 1944-05-22

their airmen were completely de-
feated this time, and that it was
thus a ruinous madness for the
Reich to have tried to enslave the
world.
To this end, according to the
report, Britain, Russia and the
United States propose to make the
German forces lay down their arms
as prisoners everywhere and to take
such steps as to insure that they
will not be able to reorganize for
later aggressions. Apparently there
are to be no armistice negotiations;
the only terms will be terms of
complete surrender. Beyond that,
as a long-range matter, Prussian
militarisn, as nurtured by the gen.
eral staff after the last war, is to be
broken up, with special measures
designed to guard against the
creation of shadow armies. This
Allied policy-still in the formula
ton stages a stern one, but the
German war machine, which has
brought more heartache to the
world than any other in modern
history, has merited it. AS for the
German people themselves, terms of
a different sort can be offered to
them, giving them hope. In due
time they will undoubtedly have the
opportunity to rebuild and reform
their country into trusted men,
ber of the family of civilized nations,
always remembering the lesson they
learned in the Second World War
that ruin came to them because
their might was used for evil ends
and that "the massed angered forces
of common humanity" therefore rose
up against it and struck it down.
Evening star., 1944-05-22

indicate its displeasure with the new
setup, or whether the groups departure
has been postponed to enable the State
Department to follow Moscow and Lon
don In recognizing Gen. de Gaulle. This
would require the sending Of an ambas-
sador with . fun stan to Algiers.
For the time being our diplomatic"
relations with Gen. de Gaulle are at
q very low ebh. The special representa-
tive Of the State Department with the
French Committee, Ambassador Ed
win c. Wilson, = now In the United
States, having returned from North
Africa about two weeks ago because
Of i'll health. There are now only
junior State Department of1cials with
the De Gaulle government. Whether
this Is intentional or not has not been
disclosed by Washington authorities.
In spite Of the dislike for Gen. de
Gaulle Of some high-ranking British
oncials, such Is Prime Minister
Churchill himself, the British govern
ment has never ceased to support the
Fighting French leader financially or
otherwise. In diplomacy the interests
Of state take precedence over personal
like or dislike.
rOI some IlIne the bTltlSn government
has been urging President Roosevelt to
bury the hatchet" and regard Gen. de
Gaulle and his committee as q govern
ment in exile. So far Mr.. Roosevelt has
refused, pointing out that his deter
mined stand was not based on any per-
sonal animosity but on Americas desire
to avert internal strife In France after
we have spilled much blood to hberate
her.
Mr.. Roosevelt insists that France is
not in Algiers or London but in Paris
and in the tens Of thousands Of towns
and villages where French people have
suffered untold hardships in the last four
years. These people, he says. must be
given full chance to decide what kind
Of government they wish to have and
who should be at its head.
Evening star., 1944-05-22
On the Record
By Dorothy Thompson

The creation in America of a Council
for Democratic Germany" the attack
that has been made on it by Rex Stout's
Society for Prevention of World War
III, and the acrimonious debate that
arose in the IO Conference In Phila-
delphia have brought about a confused
discussion.
The problem of the German future
is most difficult and cannot, in any
case, be solved on the basis of an ad-
vance blueprint. But the principle
questions can be asked, with various al
Tentative answers. The wrong ques-
tions are being asked, and meaningless
definitions are being made
For instance, there is the question:
Do we want a soft" peace or hard"
peace for Germany? The mere raising
Of this question gives rein to emotion
rather than thought. 1t Is not a con-
structive question. The question is:
How can we get stable and tolerable
peace7
1t would seem obvious that no real
peace can be maintained without the
active support OF some Germans, who
can get into power and gather behind
them sizable proportion Of the Ger
man people. The only possible alter
native is to make Germany q colony
administered by foreign governors.
But what foreign governors? A Joint
government Of Americans, Britons and
Russians? Or shall Germany be di-
vided for administration? Do we want
to have three non-German govern
ments cheek by jowl, under conditions
where various German groups win be
intriguing to split the three adminis-
traticns? Can we treat an organized
political, economic, cultural and COM
munications system like a static cake
that can be cut with no bleeding? What
chance would peace, between the three
victors. have TO survive in such chaos?
That question-not Germany-is the
crux OF enduring peace. Peace and
collaboration between Britain, America
and Russia. Had that condition ex-
listed we could have prevented this war
even with German militarists in power.
We could have crushed Hitler before
he was dangerous. The Treaty of Yer
sailles did not fail because 1t was too
SOFT 1t could have been softer, and
still been adequate, had it been en-
forced, but some former victors were
not interested.
Any peace to be enduring must give
Evening star., 1944-05-22
Mr.. WeIIes Scuns the Future

sumner WelleS, former UnderSec-
retary of State, has just delivered an
address the scope and tenor of
which is aptly expressed by its title:
"The Shaping Of the Future" Mr..
Welles' basic thesis and intellectual
approach to this thought-provoking
topic have already been indicated in
his previous speeches and writings,
but his latest address has a peculiar
timeliness in view of recent diplo-
matte developments and the crucial.
stage of the war in both Europe and
the Far East.
Mr.. Welles contends that the sole
alternative for the postwar world is
one between planet-wide organ
ization based on the full sovereignty
OF all Independent states, large and
small, and that of the hegemony of
the major partners in the present
United Nations. That continuing
partnership of America, Britain, the
Soviet Union, and possibly China, es-
sentially military in character,
would, in Mr.. Welles opinion, in
evitably engender a new balance of
power which would contain within
itself the seeds of competing i'm
per1alisms, arouse the antagonism
OF the lesser nations, and eventually
set the stage for Third World War.
MIR. Welles does not deny many
hopeful events which indicate
awareness of such dangers and a
widespread desire for a postwar set
tlement insuring lasting peace and
stability. Yet he deplores the failure
OF the big three to implement the
principles announced at various
times, from the Atlantic Charter to
the Moscow, Cairo and Teheran
Conferences, by setting up political
agency representing all the United
Nations, which could lay the founda-
ton for settling postwar problems
by general agreement. He empha-
sized the need for making a start
now, while the war is still in prog
ress, and deplored the tendency of
the great powers to deal with those
problems by exclusively Joint or
even unilateral action.
One OF the most interesting points
in Mr.. Welles' address is his en-
phasis on the time element. Unless
truly international machinery is
promptly set up, public opinion may
come to look upon the hegemony of
the great powers as a realistic neces-
sity "and that nothing more than lip
service need be offered to the ideal
OF an international organization
representative of all free peoples
both small and great" The in
evitable psychic let-down of victory
could well accentuate this trend into
a cynical, short-sighted realism"
like that after Versailles a genera
ton ago. To avert that moral fall
ure and its sinister consequences is
the warning message of Sumner
Welles, spoken from the background
OF his rich diplomatic experience
and intimate acquaintance with the
special field Of postwar reconstruc-
ton. AS such, his words are de-
cidedly worth pondering and heed
ing.
Evening star., 1944-05-22
Sales Tax Advocated
To the Editor of The Star:

To the Editor Of The Star
1t is stated that Senators and their
lawyers are trying to find a way to help
small manufacturers, but have been
unable to do So"
This seems like very simple matter
for so many wise men to ponder. They
must know that graduated sales tax
on the products of manufacturers over
an agreed amount would correct the
advantage that the big fellows" have.
Gainesville, Fla. CT. SMITH.