davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1944-06-16
Marshall
Value of Medals
ToArmy Morale
Y the Associated Press

BY the Associated Press.
Gen. George C. Marshall, Army
chief of staff, is disturbed" about
what he considers lack of under.
standing of the value of combat
decorations in sustaining the morale
of fighting men.
Napoleon Is alleged to have said
Give me enough ribbon to place
on the tunics of my soldiers and
can conquer the world" Gen
Marshall said in a letter made
public yesterday by Representative
Martin, Republican, of Iowa, a
member of the House Military AZ
fairs Committee.
II cannot vouch for the accuracy
Iof that quotation but I certainly
share the view which such state
ment indicates" Gen. Marshall said
The chief of staff wrote Mr.
Martin after the Iowan remarked
there was a tendency to increase
the number of medals and decora-
tions awarded.
Since the start of the war about
10000 combat decorations other
than the Distinguished Flying
Cross and the Air Medal have beer
awarded, Gen. Marshall said, about
5000 decorations for distinguished
or exceptionally meritorious service
and about $4,000 air decorations.
Evening star., 1944-06-16
Boniin
Continued From First Page J

ing craft effectively curtained the
troops moving ashore.
initial reports indicate our
casualties are moderate" Admiral
Nimitz said. Tokyo radio claimed,
without confirmation, that the in
vaders suffered 1900 casualties and
lost 40 landing barges.
The Yanks moved from the
beaches against enemy mortar, ma
chine gun and artillery fire.
Saipan is relatively fiat, adapt
able for the Super Fortresses which
loosed their destruction yesterday
on Japans industrial areas. But
the same flatness prompted the in
vasion commander, Vice Admiral
Richmond Kelly Turner, to expect
opposition for the first time in the
Pacific amphibious campaigns by
mobile artillery. He warned that
lightning victories in the Mar
shalls may not be duplicated at
Saipan. ~;., r..
'.2|A War Fleet Praised.
William, l. Worden, Associated
Press var correspondent who accom-
panied tie sexpeditionary force, said
Admiral Turner described the hnge
force of men and ships "as the most
experienced amphibious war fleet in
the world" .a
For the ships, training for this
move began at Attu dn the Aleu-
tians) and has been going msever
since,' Mr.. Worden wrote.
Saipan's invaders leapfrogged
/ 100 miles west of Admiral Ninitz's
previous forward base in the Mar
shalls. s,
They also sailed more than 600
miles past Truk, air and naval base
fortified for a quarter of century
by Japan-and now by-passed. Truk
is being neutralized against interfer-
ing with the Marianas operation by
Central and Southwest Pacific Lib
orators. They have pounded 1t more
than 20 times during the first two
weeks of June.
Big Raid on Truk.
Today Gen. Douglas Macarthur
announced that while the preinva-
sion softening up of the Marianas
was under way his big bombers from
the Admiralties set a record for
land based raiders of Truk by pour
ing 180 tons of explosives on it Mon
day and Tuesday.
His bombers also have been neu-
tralizing Palau, Carolines naval base
300 miles southwest of the Marianas
and today ne reported the wars
first land-based strike at the all
base of Yap, about midway between
Palau and Guam.
The Saipan invasion was the first
big Central Pacific operation to have
the powerfully co-ordinated sup
port of Gen. MacArthur's air arm
based on recently seized New Guinea
airfields. Saipan is $500 miles east
of the Philippines. It's capture
would set up the right prong te
parallel one on the left being driver
toward the Philippines by Gen. Mac.
Arthur from Dutch New Guinea.
Evening star., 1944-06-16
Here's How B-29 Stacks Up
Planes Which Bombed Heart of japan
Dwarf Huge H. S. FIyino Fortresses

The Boeing B-29 Super Fortress
in brief:
Wing span-141 feet 2 inches
nearly 40 feet more than the Fly
ing Fortress.
Length-98 feet, % feet more thar
its little brother" the Fortress.
Height-27 feet-the Fortress
measures 10 feet.
Weight-a secret, but "very
heavy"
Armament-50 caliber machine
guns in power turrets and a 20 milli.
meter cannon.
Armor-heavily protected,
Engines-four Wright 1900 horse.
power engines each with two super.
chargers-nearly twice the power o.
the Fortress.
Speed-well over 300 miles ar
hour, comparing favorably with
latest fighters.
Evening star., 1944-06-16
Wolfe Stepped Up B-29 Output
Six Months by Spotting Defects
Directed Program
To Iron Out Bugs
During Production
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
The Air Forces related today the
part which Brig. Gen. Kenneth B
Wolfe of Riverdale, Calf. played in
development of the Super Fortress
In its announcement on develop
ment of the plane, the Air Forces
said:
I'm 1943, as production of the
Super Fortress was getting under
way, Gen. Wolfe, chief of the pro-
duction division, materiel center,
Wright Field, Ohio, during the de-
velopment stages of the B-29, pro-
posed to Gen. Arnold (chief of Air
Forces that it would be practicable
to work the bugs out of the new
plane even while it was being pro-
duced. If practical, this procedure
would save much time in the long
step from the factory to the battle
line.
Gen. Wolfe. estimated he could
save six months by taking the planes
as they came off the assembly line
and putting them through strains
equivalent to combat, at the same
time that transition schooling of the
flying personnel was in progress.
Gen. Arnold directed him to car
ry out this time-saving enterprise
A bomb wing, comprising four
groups, was activated at Marietta
Ga, site of Bell Aircraft Co. fac
tory, one of five great plants at
which the B-29 is being built.
THE success with which Gen.
Wolfe fulfilled his mission, backed
by the energetic support of Gen.
Arnold, is attested BY the operation
of the B-29 in combat at this early
date" g.
RIVERSIDE, Calf, June 1e lP,.
t-Beforethe left hnme, Brig. Gen.
Kenneth D. Wolfe, commander of
Evening star., 1944-06-16
III. :. bombers Blast
Five Jap Ships Near
Shanghai, Hong Kong
Ry the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
CHUNGKING, June 16-Amer-
lean bombers damaged three freight
ers at the mouth Of the Yangtze,
near Shanghai, and sank one and
damaged another of Hong Kong, 1t.
Gen. Joseph w. Stilwell's headquar-
ters announced today.
The 14th Air Force also provided
steady support for Chinese ground
forces battling to save Changsha,
struck at railroad freight yards at
Wuchang, across the Yangtze from
Hankow, and attacked Japanese in
stallations in the Yellow River area.
The Chinese high command said
last night the Changsha garrison
had been placed in great danger by
Japanese crossing Of the Liuyang
River, last line OF. defense before the
besieged city.
The enemy had only a few miles to
lgo in an encircling move to seal on
The city completely, but the Chinese
high command indicated some hope
remained for escape Of the defend
ers by crossing to the west bank Of
the Slang. Changsha lies on the
east bank.
A Chinese comeback against the
Japanese for control of the Lunghai
railroad In Honan some 400 miles to
the north was announced, mean
while, by the Chinese high COM
mand, which reported the recapture
of Lingpao, 81 miles east of Tung-
kawan.
In Yunnan the japanese appar-
entity are making strong effort to
regain the Burma road town of
Lungling. The Chinese command
admitted the enemy had fought back
into Hsiangta, key point II miles
southeast of Lungling, and also was
making strong attacks to the north.
Evening star., 1944-06-16
Want
Continued From First Page J

Works and searchights are franti-
cally sweeping the sky. Ack-ack
guns are winking like little mirrors
on night club dancers costume,
but the bursts are far from our po-
sition at this altitude. There are
no signs of enemy aircraft.
At least one of the Super
Fortresses beat us to the target be-
cause we see several bomb bursts.
Col. Wilkinson shouts into the in
terphone ''it's all yours" and Capt.
William c. Goldstein, 27, Indian
apoIs, and Second 1t. Glenn Berki-
hiser, %, of Albuquerque, N. Mex,
prepare TO drop their bombs.
This target Is now only seconds
away, but those seconds are like
hours because the sky is filled with
searchlights and ack-ack like no
Fourth of July we ever saw.
There they 60 smack into their
damned steel works." yells Capt.
Goldstein.
Our giant plane, relieved of its ex-
ploslVe load, noses upward. Col.
Wilkinson, aided by Second 1t. Del
mar Stevans, %, Swanton, Ohio, CO.
pilot, sharply turns and dives in the
direction Of home. We look back on
flrebugs dream. Flames are shoot
ing at least 1000 feet high from two
huge fires. Several smaller fires are
blazing up rapidly
Sergt. Morris Kramer. 81, Pitts
burgh, Pa, gunner, confesses over
the interphone, IF I said I was not
scared I would be liar, but
wouldn't miss this for anything"
Sergt Kramer, Staff Sergt. War
rent Culver, %, Mason, Ill, and
Tech. Sergt. Charles Kwiatkowski
Is, Philadelphia. Pa, worked under
the direction of Master Sergt
Thomas Holes, 40, Upper Darby, Pa.
crew chief, without sleep for sc
hours changing cylinder so we
could take off.
Sixty miles from Yawata our fires
and those started by the Super
Fortresses following us are plainly
visible.
viii Take Months to Recover.
Japan's vital steel works is being
reduced to a huge rubbish heap by
Americas biggest, fastest and dead
hest bombers roaring overhead one
after another. It will take the JAP
anese months to recover from this
blow.
Our nights work Is only hall
done because we must get ourselves
and our S1,500,000 airplane safely
home so we can return to bomt
Japan on another day.
Gasoline is the chief limiting fac.
tor of future Super Fortress opera.
tions. Now every drop must bt
flown over the Himalayan hump
by the Super Fortresses themselves
Frequent Super Fortress raid
cannot be expected against japan
unless a pipeline Is extended from
India to China, or unless an Eastern
China port is seized from the Jap
AneSe.
No Chance to Fire Shot.
Capt. Edward Fuller, Is, of Mag
mum, Okla, flight engineer, neve
takes his eyes off the dials showing
gasoline consumption and the en-
zines performance. Pfc. Dean Tan
ner, 80, of Athens, Tex, keeps hi
ears glued to the radio. Staff Sergt
Carl Brown, 27s OF Winfield, lows
oenior gunner. chaters CONSTANT
Evening star., 1944-06-16
Clothes Given for ItuIy
Weigh $4,000 Pound.
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
NEW YORK, June 16.-Americans
have contributed 3,120,000 pounds
of clothing in the last two weeks for
the people of Italy, the most Rev.
Edward Mooney, archbishop OF De-
troit, announced yesterday.
The clothing campaign for Italy is
being conducted by the war relief
services-National Catholic, Welfare
Conference in cooperation with
American Relief for Italy, Inc. u 3
Evening star., 1944-06-16
Finland PAYS on Debt

Finland paid $143, ,445.06 into the
United States Treasury yesterday
representing the regular semiannual
payment on her World War debt 10
/ this country.
Evening star., 1944-06-16
Thousands Of Chinese
Built Bases for B-29s,
Correspondent Says
Ey the Associated Press

NEW YORK. June Is.-James
Stewart, former CHS correspondent
in Chungking, discussing in broad
cast last night the newest bombing
of Japan. said the big B-2ss took
off and landed on Chinese bases
constructed secretly in Western
China with native labor.
The bases, he said, we're built
entirely by hand and in the peak
period 100000 Chinese farmers were
employed.
Specific plans for the destruction
OF Jspan by air from bases in the
interior of China were made in
Washington in the fall of 1943," he
said, when Gen. Henry H. Arnold
decided In conference with the high
est Chinese authorities that such
bases were feasible. ~
Boston Man In Charge.
1t. Col. Waldo HENDERSON of Bos-
ton was In charge Of the work, Mr..
Stewart reported, IL
To assemble labor for the vast
project, Mr.. Stewart said, Gener-
alissimo Chang Kai-shek, acting
through the governors of the Chi
nese provinces, carried out the
greatest labor levy since the con-
struction of the Great Wall of China
some 1000 years ago.
The correspondent described the
fields in West China from which
the B-29s took off as "the single
greatest concentration of American.
air bases in the world" Crushed
rock used for each of the fields, he
said, was sufficient to make an
American highway 20 feet wide and
so miles long, according to standard
roadbed construction
Buildings of Simple Construction.
The Chinese also built large num-
bers Of barracks and operation
buildings on these fields, Mr..
Stewart added. The buildings, he
said, were of the simplest construc-
tion. The barracks had no floors,
ceilings, electric lights or running
water. -
II visited Col. Kennerson at work
early this spring" he said. I'VE
stood on one of the largest fields
under construction. There, by ac-
tual count, $1,000 Chinese farmers
were toiling with their hands laying
the stone foundations, layer by layer.
No cement was available.
At first there were no machines such
as rock crushers and steamrollers.
In fact, for certain layers of all the
fields, each stone was placed by
hand"
Evening star., 1944-06-16

RIVERSIDE, Calf, June 1s (P.
-Beforesl1e left hnme, Brig. Gen.
Kenneth D. Wolfe, commander of
the Goth Bombing Command whose
Evening star., 1944-06-16
Continued From First Page.)

Massa Mariana, 16 miles north of
Terni.
Just to the west of this area the
9th Army pushed up Highway II to
Ficulle, 10 miles beyond Orvieto.
With the break in their lines the
Germans have been suffering con-
siderable casualties the. last three
days. Some have been running
away, throwing down their equip
ment. and one 9Th Army armored
regiment took so many prisoners
that help had to be sent to bring
them in.
Lightnings and Mustangs shot UP
five enemy airfields in the vicinity
of Avignon in Southern France yes
terday, destroying planes, hangers,
locomotives and tank cars on nearby
rail lines. Eighteen Allied planes
were lost.
Evening star., 1944-06-16

Ceiling-well over 10000 feet.
Bomb load and range-Both exceed
any other plane
Design-Cylindrical, midwing, sin
gle tail, tricycle. landing gear with
double wheels.
The Bit Flying Fortress weighs
around 10000 pounds, has four en-
gines, each rated at 1900 horsepower
carries 50-caliber machine guns
Speed of the Bit is around 300 miles
per hour, normal bomb load is three
tons, tactical radius of action is TOO
miles and ceiling is over 10000 feet
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-02-12
DeGauIIe Ballot Plan
Is Rejected by Hull

WASHINGTON, Feb. IL GNS)
"A proposal by Gen. Charles dc
GauIlc that Fighting French
forces be allowed to so Ho the
polls in every y small town IN
France Immediately after the
NaziS are nuSted has been rejected
by the State department, it was
learned today.
The state department, il was
said, felt that the plan might ln-
cite political warfare behind the
Allied armies as they drive the
Germans out of France.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-02-12
I DefFoiierS in Group
To Fiqhi tuberculosis

LANSING Fob. IA five man
advisory committee of the Mich
cI0 sn8rouum association 20
W0II WITH state hea.th authorities
oa tuberculosis control measures
vr-- -Hfz+@yfe-a- to-day.
Inelddcd among committee
uewAgfS 1rc DR. Paul II. Champ
Wr ot ,,e Herman kieler {los-
uta. Detroit. and DR. w. b.
I.aHes director of the Detroit
tuberculosis Sanaturium.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-02-12

GprlnIL tNswl--sl6i Grauot III. 1913 =
nntHDt1 Color. "LouisianA Purchase"
.'Wrecking Crew" Extra Roar. I. :.
Sa,is-R Rear 49, Disney t1ahtY EhHtnft,
The Waterbury Democrat., 1944-12-19
Young Women HaUe
 ChriStr71as Party

Herbert Smith, social secretary of the Y. M. c. A., spoke on the spirit of Christmas and its significance to young people at Christmas party sponsored by the Young Wo- mems division of the "" last night in the women's lounge. MT. Smith was introduced by Miss Anne De- Bellis president of the young women's division. More than 25O persons at tended the party.
 Special entertainment was furn- ished by the Chase Glee Club which was composed of Harry Nor ris, Charles Sumpf William Blair, James Manzolli, George Simpson, Harold Ashworth, Edward Cleary, Edward Parker, and Edward Harvey Edward Parke was pianist.
 The Tri-Y Clubs, AchateS and Danaides sang several Christmas sorgs, accompanied by MT. Parke.
 Mrs. Charlotte McNeil, member of the CT. Wives Club sang You'll Never Know" with MT. Parke as piano accompanist on the piano. Other singers were Jean Curder, with Mary Shanahan, accompanist. Community singing was led by Miss Rita Many.
 The social committee headed by Mrs. Betty Hunter. included Mary Elizabeth Donnelly, Della JudSon and Marjorie Glynn.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1944-12-19
CLUB NOTES
Musical CIMbHaS Christmas Party

The annual Christmas meeting and party of the Mattatuck Musi- ctl Art society was held last night in the Tudor room of the Water bury WOmer's club, Mrs. Robert Birt, presiding. Last night it was a joint meeting, the newly formed Junior club participating in the en- tertainment.
 Aphonso Cavallaro of Taft School music department presented several violin selections. Mrs. John c. Wal ker sang several of the not so well known Christmas carols. The Junior group manned rhythm band from a socially outfitted sleigh directed by Mrs. Birt.
 Mrs. Carl Heebner, pianist, ac- companied MT. Cavallaro and Mrs. Walker in their selections. Group singing and discant were directed by Mrs. Birt and Mrs. Carmen Congdon, c. Wayne Clark was pro- gram chairman, and George Boinay was in charge of the rhythm band which was made up of bazookas, jingle bells, triangles and other in- strllments.
 Each member present last night brought one or more records which committee will be sent by the War Service committee to the men in the Pacific. A grab bag was in charge of Santa Claus, and refresh- ments were served. Dance numbers were also presented by some of the Junior group.
 Mrs. Birt stated that $50 worth of records were sent to the Avon hospital for blind soldiers, and it was voted to buy a $1O0 war bond in the current 9th War Loan drive.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1944-12-19
Russian Relief
 Group Meets

Announcement of the completion of GA layettes was made last night by Mrs. Helen Beier, chairman of the sewing group, at a meeting of the Russian War Relief committee at the Central Y. M. c. A. More material has been ordered she said. Most of the layettes, Mrs. Beier stated were made by teachers at Westover school, Mrs. Charles Wal ger of Beth Fl Synagogue and by member of her committee.
 Mrs. Arthur L. Purinton an- nounced that a Christmas drive is being held for contributions of used children's clothing in godo condition and other appropriate gifts. She asked that condensed or evap- orated milk, baby food, cans of cocoa, bars of baking chocolate, hard candies, packages of raisinS and baby talcum powder, which are needed for the Russian orphans. be brought to Relief headquarters, p Savings street, during afternoons between 2 and p. m.
 Individuals have donated POO watches which will be sent to Rus sia to be used by doctors and nurs- CTS in hospitalS there, David Gold stein, e. nan of the watch col lection, reported.
 Mrs. woodward Thomson, chair man of new merchandise, reported that $l0O had been realized from the sale of Russian Christmas cards William !. PaDe. preSi- dent of the Waterbury Russian War Relief, presided and Mrs. Christina Staneslow was secretary
The Waterbury Democrat., 1944-12-19
EdUard GoodseLL
 Addresses Group

Edward B. Goodsell, Jr., Boston architect, who spent seven months in England as head of civilian de- fense group sent there to investi- gate housing and food conditions addressed members of the sustaining group of the Junior league at dinner-meet ting last night at The Elton.
 The people of England, the speak CT said, have accepted ration1ng and the hardships that come with war without complaints. Their spirit is exemplified by the fact that England has no black markets and everyone between the ages of Is and 60 who is not in the armed forces volunteers his services 12 hours a week in some type of de- fense work, MT. Goodsell said. Noth- ing, the speaker declared, should be spared to bring about close rela- tionship among the Allies.
 The British are not yet certain. he asserted, whether the United States will cooperate fully in the setting up of new governments in conquered countries. They fear, he added, this country may adopt a policy of abstention, similar to the one followed after the last war.
 To assure international coopera- tion after the war, Great Britain wants to replace the cartel sys- tenn with international govern ment exchange, MT. Goodsell stated. They also want the United States to make clear declaration con- corning it's attitude towards inter- national banking and exchange, he said.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1944-12-19
SOCIAL
 FUNCTIONS
ORT Hears BOndSales Report

Mrs. Albert Greenberg, defense chairman, reported the sale of over $24,250 in war bonds at Victory House on December at the month ly meeting of the Waterbury Wo- mems American o. .RT yesterday at the home of Mrs. Harry Biren- baum, Pine street, Mrs. Albert Ber- ment presided.
 Mrs. Benjamin Wertheimer, pro- gram chairman, conducted a short forum on current events with Mrs Joseph Goldberg and Mrs. Green. berg participating. Mrs. Vert heimer also read a story, "The Saluting Doll'' by Hamlen Hunt Mrs. Morris Kosersky was admit ted to the organization as a new member.
 Hostesses for the afternoon were: Mrs. Albert Greenberg, Mrs. Charles Hennilis. Mrs. Jacob Kastleman Mrs. Samuel Finkelstein and Mrs Irving Pasternak.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1944-12-19
Sunday School
 Has Entertainment

An entertainment and play was presented by the children of the Beth Fl Sunday School Sunday afternoon in celebration of Chanu- kah, the feast of the lights.
 The entertainment was produced by Rabbi William P. Greenfield and the Sunday School committee head ed by Mrs. Samuel R. Prillig. Other members of the committee are Mrs. Louis Rieger, Mrs. Sidney Jennes, Mrs. A. E. Brown, Mrs Manuel Lax, Mrs. Arthur 1nfeld and Mrs. William KoSersky. The singing group was under the di- rection of Cantor Naumor Flesh man and Mrs. Lax with Mrs. Char les Rosengarten as accompanies.
 At the conclusion of the program the children received the annual Chanukah gift bag given by Dr and Mrs. A. s. Brown and MT. and Mrs. Rudolph Hennick.