davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-11-26
THE SUNDAY STAR, Washington, D. C..
SUNDAY. NOVEMBER -. 1874.
THE suND s7 sTA .Es Washington sa p G. g
Summing Up the Nations Bill
To Meet the Cost Of Warfare

thing resembling their present scale with
the World War. which Is estimated to
have cost all participants, In actual
military expenditures alone. about $780,
600 000, 900. The United States, last Of
the major powers to enter it, had spent
about $4,000 000, 900, including pensions
to veterans, up through June 80, 1884.
OF this vast sum, the United States
spent little less than $26, 900 900 900 on
what might be called the military phase
Of the war-that is, up to June 80, 1921,
when the Army had been demobilized
and peace concluded with Germany. The
approximately $4,000, 100000 in World
Var costs which have accrued since Is
chargeable, in round numbers, to the
following items: Veterans Administra-
ton, $500, 100000; interest on the war
debt, $685., 900. 900, and settlement Of
war claims, $88 900 900.
But even World War figures seem like
small change compared with what the
United States is spending today to de-
feat the Axis powers. President Roose-
welt, in his speech this week, estimated
November expenditures at $500, 0oo, 900.
On this basis the United States Is
spending in less than four months as
much as the whole military cost of the
earlier struggle to this Nation.
Items of the Present War
The answer to the difference in ex-
penditures may be found in number
nf ifopos for 1ar
comparably greater air force; more
than 100000 men engaged as COM
pared with less than 100000 in 1918,
vastly greater use of heavy artillery
and lease-lend to Americas Allies.
AS of the end of last September, tho
public debt of the United States was
estimated at SOS, 496, O00, 900. Tho
worlds gold reserve as of 1899, the
last year for which accurate figures
are available, was reported at $25, TO-
100000. In other words, If all the gold
in the world were cornered in one
pile, it would pay about one eighth of
the current public debt of this Nation.
But all this is owed to the American
people-not to foreign nations.
If the figures cited here appear
alarming. the reader may take COM
fort in this fact: In modern history,
nations have gone on the rocks finan-
cially as the result of losing wars. They
have suffered tremendously from large
foreign debts, requiring huge exports Of
exchange. But there is no instance of
victorious nation whose debt was en-
tirely internal failing to recover its
economic balance.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-11-26

IAGJs ACfts c0btUftA Il. 1tOS
Org, Qu1rtern1dSter General OF
the United States Army.
tight with what they had been able to
carry ashore with them.
On the third night japanese in
vasion force was spotted approaching
the island. The quartermaster troops
joined the marines in holding the beach.
Those 10 supplyless days were tests Of
endurance and ingenuity for all. As on
Bataan, the fighting quartermaster
proved his metal. He fought day and
night. He toted supplies on his back,
hacking his way through the jungles.
He improvised equipment when it was
sorely lacking and with the resource
fulness of Gen. Lees Confederate quar-
termasters he replenished his failing
stock from the enemy.
Likewise, the American victory in New
Guinea was more than a mere triumph
of arms. 1t was also victory of Amer
lean supply and Yankee ingenuity in
overcoming geographic and climatic
conditions; victory over terrain that
never saw white men until 1927. From
the beginning of the campaign outside
Of Port Moresby until its first phase
ended at Buna, it was continuous
struggle against primitive conditions.
There are no rules to guide quarter
masters in the Southwest Pacific. They
must face the meat problems as they
arise in these green hells of islands. 1t
is American ability to solve supply prob
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-11-26

cost the United States slightly more
than 100000. That wouldn't run the
war for an hour.
Revolutionary War
During the Revolutionary War, there
was no centralized bookkeeping depart
ment for the Colonies. The fight for
freedom was financed in q number Of
ways-loans from foreign governments.
mainly France, domestic loans and the
issue Of Continental currency and bills
of credit, most of which later were as
sumed and adjusted by the Congress.
SO no accurate estimate can be made Of
the Revolutions cost. However, Treas
ury figures show that about $40, 700 900
was paid out by the United States to
veterans OF the Revolution in the form
Of pensions.
Even by 1872, the young American
prehensive statistical system for thor
ough accounting Of the cost Of the War
Of 1872. But the Treasury, in q recent
memorandum, says that it has been I'M
officially estimated at $133, 700, 900, or
less than the present war is costing
per day.
The Mexican War, according to the
Treasury's estimate, cost only little
more-about $l6e,O00,000. Still not
nearly enough to finance the current
fight against Japan and Germany for
q day.
Civil War Costs
War costs began to run into real
money during the Civil War. That
four-year-long struggle, according to
fairly accurate Treasury records, placed
a burden of SIS GOT ,0S2, 746 on the Amer
lean taxpayer. including pensions to
veterans up through 1898.
According to 1.-THE History of the Con-
federate Treasury" by Ernest A. Smith,
the total expenditures of the Confederate
States during the Civil War was $2,09s,~
796, TOT, expressed in terms of Confed-
crate currency.
The First World War
1t may surprise some readers to learn
that the cost Of the Spanish
War, although fought on two sides Of
the world and with much more modern
equipment, was far less than that of the
Civil War. The Treasury estimates it at
81 ,92l ,504 ,307, including pensions paid
through 1888. Presumably the reason
for the lower cost was the wars brief
duration and the fact that, aside from
San Juan Hill, it involved no large scale
land battles.
War costs began to approach some
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-11-26

storage problem is another improved
item on which industry is keeping a
postwar eye. There are countless other
items designed to play new role in
American life-all now being devoted to
war. Nylon is being furnished in new
forms such as rope, clotheslines and
shaving brushes; soaps that lather I'M
der all kinds of conditions, indestructible
plastic materials, sterilizing bags that
work quickly and efficiently. improved
refrigeration units of varying sizes-even
a new type of piano using $50 pounds
less metal and cheaper in price.
Preview of Civilian Demands
Industry is watching with interest the
trend of civilian buying which snatches
seconds" of Army-quality goods from
the stores. These are the items discard
ed or refused by the Army as not quite
up to its high standards. Many busi-
nessmen believe that this trend is a pre-
view Of what civilian buyers will demand
when thousands of quartermaster and
other Army developed products will be
available to all after the war.
Equally as important, the Quarter
master Corps has built up a backlog of
half a million highly trained personnel
upon which industry may draw in the
postwar period. More than 10 specialized
trades. and professions with scores OF re-
lated skills have been taught in the @. M.
training centers. These men who round
ed out their experience under the de-
handing tests of warfare should Ger
tainly prove bulwark to the industry Of
postwar world.
The Quartermaster Corps now pro-
cures more than 10000 individual items
Of supply to meet the needs Of World
War II. To fulfill their missions the
quartermasters must be master crafts
men Of the trades and professions.
One should not fail to mention among
the varied activities of the Quartermas-
ter Corps the money saving efforts Of
the salvage companies. At Salerno, one
salvage company repaired and returned
to stock more than 81 900 900 worth of
clothing and equipage in 10 days. Mil
lions of shoes are rebuilt. Everything
that can be reclaimed for future use is
collected from battlef1elds and dumps.
A conservative estimate of the repair
and reclamation program in the United
States alone is about 5000, 000, 900 in saw
ings to the taxpayer.
Technical Problems
The conditions of modern war have
aptly applied the term fighting quar-
termaster" to these supply troops who
are soldiers 1rst but who are also trained
in the technical services essential to the
business Of fighting.
The logistics Of invasion and the sup
plying of huge forces on foreign soil
present problems in organization long
in advance of any D day. Millions Of
tons OF supplies must be in readiness
at bases within practicable reach Of the
invasion points. Each type must be
stored and routed SO that the more es-
sential items will be available on short
notice. Plans must be made for the
rapid movement Of large stocks with
the assault forces. Everything must be
computed on the basis OF actual need,
since every foot Of space on transports
and landing craft Is precious.
War d tickle mistress and more
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-11-26

lens over the thousands Of miles Of
ocean lanes that is making it possible
to whip the Japs. As the enlightenment
draws closer to the Japanese mainland
the longer and more bathing become the
supply lines.
Thus the pendulum of military sue
cess, which had swung far in Japan's
favor after Pearl Harbor, began to
swing back toward the Allies until Oc-
tober, 1914. Gen. Macarthur landed on
Leyte to begin the liberation of the
Philippines. This was direct result of
the efficient logistics operations of the
Army Service Forces.
AS part of that great organization the
quartermaster soldier was an important
factor in fighting and supplying, first
delaying action on Bataan and Cor
regidor, then retreat, then a counter
offensive and finally brilliant march
toward indubitable victory.
simultaneously with the first offensive
blow at the Solomons the first major
logistics triumph OF the Army was TAX
ing place in the other side of the world
with the invasion of North Africa in
November, 1912. Many new items which
later became standard equipment were
introduced and supplied by the Quarter
master Corps for this, the first concen-
trated land operation against the Axis.
North Africa was the first large-scale
proving ground, not only for Iarge-scale
supply organization but for the types of
weapons, tanks and equipment since
improved upon for the invasions of the
European continent that followed on
the road to victory.
The merit instaument OF the ARM
Service Forces series, 1Dhich ,uiu ap-
pear in The Star neat SUNDAY, deals
NTH the activities OF the SIGNAL
Corps, tDtict maintains the lines of
communications between continents.
bet,Oeen elements on the firing line
and forecasts Ueather for aimen
and tnUdsion schedules.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-11-26
By Casper Names.

Hospitality house" In Washington is
a local secret with an international repu-
tation. Known in South America, Al
RIGA, the Bahamas and Europe. few
Washington residents are aware Of the
houses existence.
In the heart of one of the Districts
best residential sections, the homes
location, whose address Is known to
persons thousands Of miles away, Is
purposely hidden from neighbors within
a stones throw Of the building. Visitors
from distant parts Of the world come
and 60 every day and the local resident
riding the same streetcar downtown with
them is unaware these globe-trotters
head for hospitality house" Only a
few in Washington can locate the retreat
SO easily found from afar.
Hospitality house" is home for Wis
itors strange to the Nations Capital It
gives these guests from distant lands
lodging and breakfast, freedom of the
place and key to the front door.
They Want to Come Back
Visitors are brought to the house at
all hours. Last spring the Peruvian
architect, Emilio Harth-Te here for
consultation with American experts on
the new Lima library building, was
brought directly from the National Air
port to the house.
Pleased with its gracious hospitality,
the South American, on leaving, made
plans to return with his wife and
daughter.
1.-THE house has done more for the
good-neighbor policy than many organi-
cations formed for the purpose" DR..
Lewis Hanke, head Of the Hispanic
Foundation Of the Library of Congress,
declared. THE Latin American visiting
us rarely sees how an American home
is run. He lives in hotels and spends
his time in official activities. Mr.. Harth-
Terre told me his stay there gave him
a completely new conception of our way
of life"
For Our Good Neighbors
Recently DR.. Fermin Peraza, appointed
by the Library as consultant in cuban
photography, came to Washington with
his bride. They stayed at hospitality
house" until an apartment could be
rented. A month ago the Library rep
resentative at the opening of the new
National Archives in Havana found DR..
Peraza had provided for his comfort far
beyond the ordinary courtesies. Thank
Ing DR.. Peraza for the kindnesses, he
was told they were only an attempt to
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-11-26

often than not the enemy may be
counted upon to upset or enforce last
minute changes in the best-laid plans.
Every possible contingency must be an
ticipated-the sinking of ships, destruc-
ton Of supplies on the beaches, the
possibility that an Unexpectedly strong
enemy counterattack may drive our
forces away from beach supply point.
Even the possibility Of a speedy inland
advance may make 1t difficult for the
supply lines to keep pace with the rolling
Army. The men must be fed at all cost.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-11-26

For example, after the break-through
at Averanches the assault waves even
tually were forced to accommodate their
advance to the German border to the
speed at which supply could be moved
over the damaged and inadequate rail
and highway systems Of France. On
the rugged island of Attu supplies were
toted on the backs Of men. Always the
cry is Keep the supplies rolling"
New Technique of Feeding
For the Normandy invasion an entirely
new technique Of feeding was intro
duced. To make up for the packaged
rations the men must eat the first few
days their morale and strength was
built up in advance. Four days before
the start across the Channel take-off
meals Of beefsteak, chicken, fresh vege-
tables and fruit in plenty were prepared.
In addition at the last hour q special
vitamin-packed meal was served on the
ships and the same type meals were
scheduled for the wounded should they
be evacuated.
In all operations, despite careful PLAN
ming, last-minute problems arise sto
plague the quartermasters. They must
fight in torrential rains and mud, snow
and ice, requiring supplies Of additional
quantities of clothing, shoes, blankets.
Gen. Eisenhower srecent emergency call
for thousands of overcoats because of
unexpected cold is well remembered.
A few weeks before the Normandy
D day it was found that certain articles
which the air-borne troops were to carry
wouldn't fit properly in the pockets Of
their jackets. The Q. Ms. went into
action. BY working around the clock
one salvage company in London re-
modelled $4,000 coats three days ahead
Of schedule.
In Every Climate
World War II Is being fought in vir-
tually every climate, requiring supply
suitable for all conditions. Equipment
may be giveaway to the invasion locale
If news of certain items leak out to
enemy agents. For the North African
invasion many new items which later
became standard equipment were intro
duced and supplied by the Quarter
master Corps.
Secrecy and deception was necessary,
Gen. Eisenhower was reported in the
press as having bought Arctic equip
ment, designed to lead enemy agents
astray. Among the troop equipment
actually carried were sand-bsr flys and
the kept or neckcloth to pfoetct the
soldiers neck from wind-driven sand.
Only in North Africa would both items
have been needed. One hint of either
to an enemy agent and the surprise ele-
ment Of the invasion would have been
lost.
Especially in the Southwest Pacific is
demand made upon the versatility and
ingenuity of the quartermaster soldiers.
At Guadalcanal
When the Americal Division arrived
at Guadalcanal, in the Solomons, No
vember Is, 1912, the quartermaster con-
tingent Of the landing marines had Just
set foot On the beach when the Jap air
forces attacked. The ships bearing their
supplies and equipment were forced to
run for the open sea. For . Today
period. ths troops were left 70 1--we and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-11-26


The Star 'no
By Nelson M Shepard.
in
Of
was born.
From the bleak months delaying action the victory
upheld traditions
He hit the beaches with the assault
supplies
member planes that
wilderness
Asking odds of the
held
= - :
Of
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-01-13
II,I5!|,5!;,IjiKJIE
Do you have poor tigsstlonl
Do you feel hsatarhy after satingl
Do you get sour or upset Issibi
Do you feel tirsd-Iistlsssl

Now everyone knows that ~ get the good
cut 81 the food you eat-you must digest
uIr.pc-'y. But What most people don't
kuoV-is tlat Nature must produce abou'
two pi0ts 81 the digestive juice-liver
t'e each day 70 help digest your food.
VI Nature faus--your food may remain
uudIfceted -hc sour and heavy in your
digestive tract.
Thus, IL is simple 10 Ses that one way
90 aid digestion Is TO increase the flow OF
liver bile. Now, Carriers Little Liver
Fills start 10 increase this flow quickly
for thouzanda--ottenin as little as thirty
minutes. When bile flow increases, your
digestion RAY improve. And soon you're
On the road TO feeling better which IL
what you're after.
Don depend on artificial aids 10 coun-
teract Indigestion when Carter's aid
digestion after Nature own order. when
taken IA directed, Get CastAF.s +l..-
Liver Pills today-st any drugstore
only 25t. You will be glad you did.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-01-13
Detroit Pilot
Home After 26
Raids on Reich

After plotting b. Flying
FORTRESS or Is III S>ior, over
danger spots IN t--rq,
Georse Reese * Of ttc Err.
Bomber Command came home .a
day 70 visit he m7'-er N''E
Harbie Reese 1881 p Fort
Capt. Reese enlisted Ir l".'
in August 1871 and Was cau
nllSSloned a "a lieutenant
Field, ARR, on Nar.- 70 ti.
He holds the Ar NeL4. V.ir t-r-l
Oak Leaf Clusters. rNe p.r
Heart. the DC WITS two N.H
Leaf Clusters and the S.y,r Sfr
Getting his frs' baptism H' 'G,
in the raid on Nahcw-ha.cr
Capt Reese went or 20 help bomb
EnCen. Munster Hanover Ere
men and Schve rfurf
SCHWEINFURT TOUGHEST
"Schweinfurt." SAID capt
Reese. was the most danger
Gus. difficult and important ~
all our raids. II was important
because SChWeinfurt produces
50 per cent Of All ball bearings
I'm Germany II was our mission
In knock out 81 many ~ the
bearing plants a. possible. and.
out OF the 60 planes lost that
~
combat unit"
He said that q wonderful spirit
OF morale T7TUvr7111J-rfi IT --TT r-TC7rTrrT
Bomber command and that there
was a sincere ComradeShip and
mutual respect between the men
Of the Raj and L : filters
PRAISES GROUND CREWS
81 would like 10 pay my re-
speCts to the efficiency and
loyalty Of eus ground crews, =
he said
I'm q thsater 80 persistent IN
long and difficult flights, much
depends on the ground crews
and, II IL had not been for their
faithfulne~s, I would not be here
today"
After a 20-day leave. Capt
Reese will report 10 4 rehabihta-
ton center but not before he en-
barks on another long flight the
flight into matrimony with
pretty Roemary AmeS Of San
Francisco on Jan, %.
Buy War Savings Stamps the
convenient way. Order them
delivered to your door from your
nalrnlA Tine. 49,. I..--.-.----
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-01-13
PRAISES GROUND CREWS

Buy War Savings Stamps the
convenient way. Order them
delivered To your door from your
Detroit Times carrier-saleSman.
The Omaha guide., 1944-12-23

day.
This spirit of cheerfuness and goodwill charac-
terzes Him. whose birth celebrate and whose life
was spent in '1going about doing good". His per
sonality laid hold not only upon the imagination OF
mankind and thrilled it to admiration, but also upon
the reveren wills Of men, and has drawn their feet
toward the Godward path He trod.
With love He overstepped the barriers between
races, classes and faiths feeling the broth
erhood in which every at home. He filled
life with Joy and power With simplicity, with com
plete trust in His Father with ardent love for
Jesus gave to the world pattern Of life that lacks
the element of decay. He calls us to follow Him
and to share His experiences; to know God and to
do His will.
Christmas Sunday the Church will celebrate the
birth of Our Lord 1t is to be hoped that every
Church will be filled to capacity 1t is there that
we see how unobservedly to excited and trouble
some world God gave the kingdom Of heaven to men
in the person of His Son. 1t is there that the words,
''Peace on earth and goodwill to men" have a deep
and fuller meaning 1t is also there that. we
see God needs human service Joseph and Mary
both there, because the infant Christ demanded
The Omaha guide., 1944-12-23

Three times Champion of the
worlds greatest livestock show!
That's the enviable record estab-
lished by Robert Storz, Omaha, and
Karl Hoffman of Ida Grove, Ia.
whose load of Is lightweight Hereford
steers was presented the Grand
Champion Carlot award at the war;
time Chicago Market Farm Stock
Show last week.
Still another record was broken by
Hoffman and Storz, brewing company
executive, co-owners of the stock,
when their triple-champion load was
sold. for an all-time high of $50 per
hundredweight. The previous high of
SIS per hundred pounds was set in
1926.
Both Hoffman and Storz said they
were very gratified" at the showing
of their prize lot. "The high quality
of the steers fed and fitted by Karl
Hoffman IL shown in the fact that for
three consecutive years the judges at
The Omaha guide., 1944-12-23
The Passing Of J. Di|Iord Crawford

The sudden passing of Attorney ]. billiard Craw-
ford a distinct shock to the citizens of Omaha
lie one of Omaha S leading citizens having been
very active in civic and community uplift affairs
For number of years, he chairman of the le
gal redress committee Of the local branch Of the Ma
ACP. He was secretary of the Urban League board
and supervisor Of the ''4C'' Credit Union Keeper
Of Records Of the Kappa Alpha Psi Fraternity He
was Senior Warden Of the st. Philips Church
His activities many in organizations doing
work for the benefit Of the people for whom he labor
ed necessarily and untiring
The Omaha Guide and the community mourn the
liss of able and distinguished lawyer and citizen
Mr.. J. billiard Crawford's fine spirit which char
acterzed his life, will linger long in the memory of
those who knew him
The Omaha guide., 1944-12-23

this great exhibition chose our carlot
showings above all other entries
Storz said.
The Hoffman Storz three time
champion rating was not spread ovel
a period of years, but began at the
Chicago show of 1912. Hoffman and
Storz exhibited Herefords for each Of
their three victories.
The is steers in the Grand Cham
pion Carlot totaled IA. $50 pounds for
an average of 963 pounds per steer.
The triple-victory came after the
Hoffman-Storz entry took first in the
lightweight and Hereford breed
classes. All of the winning steers were
purchased from the famed TO Ranch
at Ration, N. NJ, and were fed and
fitted at Ida Grove, lowa.
Sale of the Cham On Carlot was
made to the Eppley Hotels Co., of
Omaha, operators of 20 nidwestern
hotels. on the record high bid of Eu-
gene C. Eppley, president.
The Omaha guide., 1944-12-23
The Christmas Spirit It"
by Rev. j. E. Blackmore)

We look forward with
anxious anticipation to
cross the threshold into
another Christmas sing
ing such beautiful an
thems as, "Hark the her
aid Angels sing" and Joy
to the world; the Lord is
come, and I" Away in the
Manger". What a glor-
ious event that will be.
How cheerful it will be to
hear these words, though
commonplace, I" M e Try
Christmas as we pass
each other on the street.
How beautiful the atmos-
phere will be charged
with the spirit of Christ
mas on December 25, all