davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1944-08-25
The Warsaw Uprisino

reports on the uprising inside
warsaw continue confused. The
Germans say the. resistance has
oeen smashed. The Poles say it is
Still In progress. The Russians.
replying to Turkish newspaper
statement, hotly deny that they
called for the revolt and then aban-
doned 1t, adding that the Red Armv
has always warned that such poorly
armed instructions are doomed to
failure" and charging that the Pol
1Sh government-in-exile is respon-
slble for it and is guilty of a per
fidious political maneuver" in try-
ing to exploit it as propaganda with
an anti-Soviet tinge.
Whatever the background of the
event, however, and whatever its
true status may now be, the fact
remains that General Bor and his
patriots have been fighting the
Nazis against great odds in Warsaw.
The only help they have received
from the outside has come from the
Mediterranean Allied Air Force,
which has lost 20 out of 100 aircraft
making round trips of 1850 miles
to drop guns, ammunition and other
supplies. Apparently the battle was
begun with little forethought, since
no plan of action seems to have been
prearranged with any of the Al
lies, the indications being that it
started prematurely and that some
body blundered in assuming that
the Red Army would be able to
storm swiftly into Warsaw.
The Nazis will probably be driven
Evening star., 1944-08-25

what happened to those who opposed
us-when we were ready to strike them
down. We shall be living in a world
IN which no would-be dictator, no hope
ful conqueror, will care to proceed with
plans which involve or NAV involve
conflict with the United States, and if
ne does, will find no one who will care
10 follow 'him-as long as we retain
our readiness for action.
Whether we shall be, In that world.
pillar OF world organization for
peace, as Is profoundly to be hoped, or
whether we shall, by the force of ma
lign circumstances, be again compelled
to act alone or in concert with the
British to maintain the peace which is
SO necessary to us, one necessity re-
mains crystal clear: That America shall
be strong
We must be strong not only in terms
OF latent power, as we have always
been, but in terms of readiness to use
tnat power IN the air, on the seas and
on land in such manner as the exig-
encies OF future military developments
may require. We must be strong not
only in terms Of 1914, but in terms of
whatever the elements OF military
strength may be in the years to come.
We cannot afford to ignore the lessons
OF the fall Of France, when that nation
tried to meet 1910 attack with the
methods Of 1918.
When this war Is over, the United
States will be by far the strongest naval
power in the world. We shall be by
Tar the strongest air power In the world.
We shall have an Army second in size
only to Russia's, second to none in
armament. equipment, leadership and
readiness to act by air-borne or ship
borne movement In any part of the
world. We shall have the worlds first
merchant fleet. We shall have the
worlds largest industrial plant. We
shall have vast stockpiles OF raw ma
terials,
We shall be, by very wide margin,
the most powerful military Nation on
earth, and by reason Of the nature Of
our armament and our geographical po-
sition, the readiest Of all the powers
to act swiftly and effectively to meet
any emergency arising anywhere on
this shrinking planet.
The degree to which We retain this
military power and this readiness for
action will have great deal to do with
the sort Of peace We shall have when
the war is over.
tcopyrisha 1874. New York Tribune. Inc,
Evening star., 1944-08-25

reach the Adriatic not ss conquerors
but as liberators
The detection Of Hitlers satellites has
been expected In Washington for some
time. There have been active nego-
tiations between the Russian diplomats
and Prince BArby Stirbey, former
prime minister and intimate friend Of
the Romanian royal family, who arrived
IN Cairo last spring and made frequent
trips to Ankara. The American and
British governments have been kept
fully informed Of the progress Of these
negotiations.
There also have been continuous ex-
changes OF views between the Soviet
charge daf1airs in Sonia and the Bull
garian regency. In all these important
conversations the Soviet diplomats, act
ing under instructions from Under
secretary Of Foreign Affairs Audrey
Vishinsky, have displayed a good deal
OF patience and understanding.
The surrender of Bulgaria must be
expected very soon. The Bulgarian peo-
pie have been traditionally friendly to
Russia, and at no time since the Sofa
government joined the Axis have Bull
sarian units fought against the Russian
armies
The surrender Of these two Danubian
Kingdoms will be the signal Of mass
uprising of patriotic forces In the rest
Of the Balkan Peninsula. The entire
Balkan Peninsula must be expected to
shift within the next few weeks to the
Russian side.
Hungary alone finds herself in a Sc
rious predicament The Russians are
expected to comply with the request
OF the Romanians to restore to them
portions of Transylvania which they
surrendered to the Budapest govern
ment on Hitler's orders. Czechoslo-
vakia. whose government In exile headed
by Premier Edouard Benes has been
an ardent friend Of the U. S. s. r., also
has claims on Hungarian territories,
Benes expects to obtain them with Mos
cows help. In order to keep his coun-
try from being chopped up, Admiral
Nicholas Horthy's agents have been in
contact with the British government
IN the hope OF salvaging something
by surrendering to Great Britain. To
what extent, however. Prime Minis
ter Churchill's government will be able
to assist the Magyars Is an open cues
ton.
Evening star., 1944-08-25
The busis Of Peuce

In his informal remarks to dele
gates to the Dumbarton Oaks con-
ference, President Roosevelt stated a
simple and obvious truth when he
said that the duration Of the next
peace will depend largely on wheth-
er Britain. Russia, China and the
United States maintain in the long
future the same spirit Of co-opera-
tion that they are showing now in
winning the war. As he puts it, il
the evils Of aggression are to be
curbed and II we are to have "a
peaceful period for our grandchil-
dren to grow up in," then "the four
OF US will have to be friends, con-
ferring all the time" and spreading
the idea Of neighborly collaboration
around the world.
Simple and obvious though this is.
however, it cannot be emphasized
too often or too strongly, for upon it
rests all the hopes men may have of
setting up a world system OF collec-
tive security. The creation of such
a system necessarily involves much
technical detail and a considerable
degree Of highly formalized diplo-
matte discussion, yet the whole of it
boils down to nothing more elab-
crate than a spirit of friendly CO.
operation - shared by governments
and peoples alike-in the family of
nations. With this, mankind can
look forward with confidence to an
enduring peace; without it, not even
the biggest or best of organizations
can function effectively for long.
In the war the Allies have shared
a great end in common-the objec-
tive of crushing the common foe. 1t
will be tragedy If, after the fervor
of battle fades away, they Wall fail
to work equally we'll together in
preserving the peace. That objec-
tive, no less than military victory, is
urgent and it can be attained if we
pursue it with the kind of co-opera-
tion described by Mr.. Roosevelt. The
form which our international system
will take is important, OF course, but
by itself it can achieve little or moth
ing. The spirit behind it is what will
count most Of all. Given genuine
good will on the part of the powers
concerned, given the great end to be
shared in common, we can be rea-
sonably confident of preventing an
other global struggle from breaking
out Is or 80 wears from now.
Evening star., 1944-08-25
Power of, This Marion
BY Maj. George Fieidins Eliot

We are seeing. written in letters of
f1re and steel across the plains ard
mountains OF France and in the vast
area OF offensive power closing slowly
and relentlessly on the besieged jap
anese Empire. the tremendous scale of
military cffors and of military accom-
plishment OF which the American Nd
ton is capable
An editorial writer in the Saturday
Evening Post remarked prophetically a
few weeks after Pearl Harbor: "1he
world has never seen full-scale Amer
lean military effort. Now we shall have
to put forth such an effort, and God
help the nation or the system which
stands in its way once it is fully
mounted"
The revelation of the power of this
Nation has come as a surprise to most
Americans We have never thought of
ourselves as q military nation. There
have been many grim forebodings as
to the length of time it would take us
to conquer our enemies, even after we
were fairly started. Those estimates
are now due for a certain amount Of
revision, though there Is mo use trying
to hide the fact that hard fighting and
great sacrifices still lie ahead Of us.
y
The point is, that we had time to
prepare, that we made the preparation
a thorough and thoughtful one, and
that we are now reaping a rich harvest
of victorious results. The very fact that
we withheld our major effort until we
were fully ready to use our full strength
Is significant OF sound planning, for to
the element Of surprise has been added
the element Of irresistible power, pro-
ducing, once 1t Is unleashed, results
which are quickly. decisive.
This does not Of course, mean that
we are going to get quick decision of
the war as q whole; 1t refers to quick
decisions over the enemy forces imme-
diAtely confronting us, such as the Jap
anese garrisops in their Pacific out.
posts, or those portions Of the German
Army in France which confronted
American troops.
Make fully ready, and then strike has
been our motto. The time spent In
preparation will be more than made up
for by the swiftness with which decision
will be gained when the action begins.
There is food for thought In the sue
cess Of this strategy: Thought not only
for the present, for the winning Of the
war, but for the future.
We shall, when the war Is over, be
living In world which viii remember
Evening star., 1944-08-25
On the Record
By Dorothy Thombs

/ hear 1t Is charged against me that
in criticizing the peace proposals, pro-
Merating daily, I am urging softness
towards our enemies. Let me therefore
say now that I am exclusively con-
cerned to see long and constructive
peace, the restoration in Europe OF the
rule Of law. the recreation Of principles
OF justice and reasonable behavior, and
the liquidation Of an epoch, now a gen.
GRAFTON long. which mas encompassed
Two wars and an intervening period Of
social and economic chaos and polit-
ical adventurism.
1t is In the light of some such goal
that all proposals must be weighed.
Otherwise, In the liquidation of the
danger from Germany, We shall set in
motion a train Of new menaces arising
out of them.
As Gov. Dewey remarked the other
day. there must be a rational discus
sion Of these problems
In order nationally to discuss We must
dinerentiate between our completely
justified feelings crying for punish
ment, and long-lasting constructive So
lutions, for the two things are not the
same. II the punishments devised pre-
vent the long-run constructive solu-
ton, We shall be cutting of our roses
TO spite the German face It is from
this viewpoint. and wholly this view
point, that view the proposals.
This week joint committee of both
houses Of Parliament presented a re-
port demanding that Germany be dis
integrated into many states and vari-
Gus parts Of Prussia liberated" from
Prussian rule
The first trouble here is a matter of
accuracy There has been no "Prussian"
rule In Germany for more than a gen.
GRAFTON. Nobody in Germany could vote
for "Prussian' party There was a
Prussian state, but 1t was subject to the
Reich. Prussians voted as Social DEM
ocrats, Catholics, Centrists, Communists,
Conservatives or Nazis.
Secondly. If Germany is to be dis
1ntegrated into congeries of small
states, we must foresee what it means
to us-not only to the Germans Every
student Of German affairs will agree
that 10 minutes after the breakup
occurs there will be a new movement
Evening star., 1944-08-25
This Changing World
By Constantine Broscn

Romania's withdrawal from the war
and the request OF, her new government
to be permitted to fight on the side Of
the United Nations ID regarded here rs
one Of the worst blows Hitler has re-
ceived In the last few months.
The remaining German divisions In
the Balkans between the Black Sea. the
Aegean and the Adriatic will have to be
pulled out as quickly as possible lest
they be trapped by the Russians,
assisted by resistance forces IN Greece
and Yugoslavia. Although many troobs
have been withdrawn from Bulgaria in
the last few weeks there are ut least
80 Nazi divisions in Greece. Crete and
Yugoslavia. This pending disaster,
added to those on the western and
eastern fronts, Is likely to precipttate
the disintegration OF the Wehrmacht
and the downfall Of Hitler.
The military value of what is left
OF the Romanian armies is negligible.
Her best troops, estimated at close to
hall million men. were destroyed at
stalinsrad and In the disastrous battles
In the Crtmea and at Odessa.
Under these circumstances, there Is
not much left that Romania can offer
the Allies In the shape Of military as
sistance. King Michael's offer that Ro-
mania become . junior member OF the
United Nations will not be considered
by Washington and London unless Mos
COW finds 1t expedient for her future
political activities in the Balkans.
Romania's withdrawal means that the
entire Balkan area henceforth will be
open to the Red armies. The desire of
the Romanian government and the Ro-
manian people to Cooperate wholeheart.
edly with Premier Stains forces en-
ables them to enter Yugoslavia and
Greece unopposed. The Carpathians
still form an important barrier to any
army which intends to cross into the
plains of Hungary, but with the assist
ance Of the Romanians this natural
fortification is far less formidable than
1t was few weeks ago.
The Bulgarian government is expected
soon to change its point of view
regarding the territories taken from
Greece and Yugoslavia when 1t became
Hitler's partner and surrender uncon-
ditionally. The whole of the Balkan
Peninsula Is ready to receive Russia as
Its lberator and the advanced guards
OF the Red armies are expected soon to
Evening star., 1944-08-25
'Muquis

When the formal history of the
Second World War finally is written,
an important chapter necessarily
will deal with the underground
movements of the countries occu-
pied by the Germans. In France
particularly secret resistance to Nazi
domination has been helpful to the
Allies. Long before Russia and the
United States had become belliger-
ents, groups of nameless patriots in
Paris, Marseille, Lyon and other
French cities were making life sys-
tematically miserable for the in
vaders.
1t was the harshness of the armi-
stice terms imposed by Hitler in
July, 1910, that first prompted the
campaign of sabotage and assassi-
nation. The Laval scheme for send
ing French laborers to Germany to
collaborate in the Nazi industrial
program also contributed to the sub
versive drive. Petain's national
revolution" reforms failed to retard
the progress of direct action" The
number of underground fighters
grew from day to day. Most of the
recruits were members of the arti-
san class, but farmers and bour-
geoisie likewise enlisted. The move
ment did not have professional mill
tary leadership until the Allied
forces landed on the coast of Nor
mandy in June. Then General. Els
enhoWer announced the appoint
ment of General Joseph-Pierre Koe-
mig as commander of the French
forces OF the interior. His designa-
ton was intended to protect the
patriot groups from the German
charge that they were franc -tireurs
without legal rights under the tradi-
tional laws of war. The Nazis an
swered by promising summary exc
cution of any underground adher-
ent who fell into their hands.
But the time when threats might
have been of some avail to the in
vaders had passed. During the past
month the number OF FIJI adherents
has increased by the hour. Their
aggregate strength now is alleged to
be a million. Because of their inti-
mate knowledge Of the terrain, they
are invaluable as guides. Wearing
ordinary working garb and practic-
ing modern equivalent Of Colonial
American frontier strategy, they
have won reputation FOR efficiency
and bravery which even the Ger
mans recognize. Arm bands marked
with the cross of Lorraine are their
Identification. Their common name
IN France Is Maquis, pronounced
"maw-ke," word Of Corsican ORR
gin, meaning wild, bushy land"-a
Evening star., 1944-08-25

out soon, but by that time, the re-
lief may be too late. Tor General Bor
reports that he had already lost
halt his forces. The situation ap-
pears to be one compounded Of bad
timing, impulsiveness and possibly
some political intrigue, but that does
not make it any the less heroic and
tragic. If anything can be done to
aid the surviving patriots, 1t should
most certainly be done without de-
lay. Such bravery as theirs is enti-
tied to support from every quarter
able to help. J
Evening star., 1944-08-25
A Sound PIon

0epEeScutatlVe NanoOlpnS Dill Tor
the installation OF medical clinics In
the principal Government depart
ments, available to the employees, is
receiving the support 1t deserves
from a distinguished list Of witt
nesses. The most surprising thing
about this proposal is that it was
not adopted long ago. AS Man
power Commissioner Paul v. McNutt
pointed out, the Government has
been slow to practice what it
has been preaching. It has been
urging health programs, accident
prevention programs and other such
plans in industrial plants as an
important element of sound man
agement for war production. It has
not set a particularly good example
ployes.
From the purely selfish point of
view OF the Nations largest en-
ployer, the Government undoubt-
edly would save money under the
principles OF the Randolph bill.
Civil Service Commissioner Arthur
S. Flemming presented interesting
statistical data to bear this out. II
absences due to minor illness could
be reduced by as much as one day
the average annual time loss now
being seven days in thirty-five Gov-
eminent agencies studied - there
would be an overall saving to the
Government approximating full
time employment of 10000 workers.
Surgeon General Thomas Parran of
the Public Health Service suggested
that the system of clinics should pay
for itself in reduction of absentee
ism alone. DR.. Victor G. Heiser,
speaking as medical consultant for
the National Association of Manu-
facturers, spoke of the substantial
reduction in accident frequency,
occupational disease, absenteeism
and labor turnover which has &C
companied the adoption of health
programs in industrial plants.
The Randolph bill is of especial
interest here in Washington because
the effect OF its enactment undoubt-
edly would be felt more directly here
than in any other city. One of the
witnesses, DR.. Carl Petersen, secre-
,tary Of the Council on Industrial
Health of the American Medical As
.sociation, suggested that the bill
should be more precise in its defini-
tion OF the extent of medical care
to be provided, and that whatever
is done should be definitely related
to the facilities provided by the
community. There is nothing in the
bill to suggest the type of "socialized
medicine" of which so many men,
bers Of the medical profession are
skeptical, The Government in this
case would merely be doing what so
many progressive employers already
have done to safeguard the health
and thereby promote the efficiency
and well-being of their employees.
Evening star., 1944-08-25
Scene for q Wutteou Fan

Young sunlight shimmers through ne,o
gold-green leaves,
The iris burns iDith piolet fame along
the garden aisle;
Young laughter tDedres a counterpart
for song of larks,
And golden hours slotply cross tho
green bronze dial.
Exquisite upon the afternoon q tinkling
mandolin
Gives up its slender song against Q
fountains whispered fall.
And some,Dhere the malicious music Of
,nockingbfrd
Says emptily that this u all, that this
Is all.
Fragile as dream the laced ledf-shddoB
on the bdlustrade.
Lovely the time OF youth and sun upon
the scarlet rose;
But briefly so: light fades and laughter
dies: the hour
Closes as the delicate b:adss OF painted
fan tDoald close.
FREDERICK EBRl0HT.
Evening star., 1944-08-25
Difference in Ages

A man is always at some disadvan-
tage before his son. The boy will know
more about airplanes, motor cars and
washing machines than he will; may
have better grounding in physics and
sociology; and, beside that, has the su-
preme advantage Of never having been
taught to listen while others speak. A
really prudent man would write to his
son, not talk to him.
Evening star., 1944-08-25
The WPB ERUPTION

On the face of the matter the ex-
plosion within the War Production
Board, which has resulted in the
resignation of Vice Chairman
Charles E. Wilson, is the unfortu-
nate, though perhaps inevitable,
product of clashing personalities
and temperaments.
The departure of Mr.. Wilson. an
exceedingly able executive and a
man OF high integrity, will be a great
loss to the country, especially at this
stage OF the war. To some extent
this may be Offset by the restoration
OF harmony within WPB. But even
If all of the friction and Internal
dlsSension which have handicapped
our top war agency should now be
removed, the departure of Mr.. Will
son will still be a net loss to the
country. Efficient executives, as we
have learned to our sorrow, are few
and far between, especially in
Washington.
Because of this it is the more dis
treSsing to examine the stated rea-
sons for Mr.. Wilson's decision to
pack up and leave. On the face of
his own letter to the President and
MS subsequent press conference re-
marks, 1t does not appear that he
had any very substantial grievance,
He was annoyed primarily because
Donald M. Nelson, the WPB chair
man, had not made public disavow-
al OF rumors of differences between
himself and Mr.. Wilson on the oues-
ton OF reconversion from war to
peace.
1t may be true that MIR. Nelson
should have done this. But it also
seems true that the Importance of
these rumors had become grossly ex-
aggerated in Mr.. Wilson'S mind.
One of them was that Mr.. Wilson
mad opposed some of Mr.. Nelson's
reconversion plans because he was q
big business" man, and wanted tn
favor big business. Now that was a
silly rumor, and actually it did not
receive very wide circulation. GER.
tainly not through any responsible
sections of the press or radio. Yet
1t seems to have loomed quite large
IN Mr.. Wilson's decision. He appar-
emily believed that the rumor was
started by some of Mr.. Nelson's SUBJ
ordlnates, and evidently felt that the
latter was encouraging it by his
failure to make public disavowal.
The denial of rurnors is always a
dubious business, however, and on
Mr. Nelson's behalf it should be said
that he had attempted to reassure
Mr.. Wilson by disclaiming any re-
Sponsibility for the rumors and as
serting they were being circulated
without his knowledge or consent
Unfortunately, however, this was not
enough to satisfy the vice chairman.
He submitted his resignation-and
ironically enough, on the verv dav
that Mr. Nelson was publicly scotch
Ing the rumors and the Senate De-
tense Investigating Committee was
publicly proclaiming that the re-
ports OF dissension between Mr.. Will
son and Mr.. Nelson were entirely
unfounded."
Thus ends another chapter in the
troubled story of our domestic war
e1ort. The clash OF personalities
which the President tried to bridge
over by sending Mr.. Nelson to China
Tor several months" breaks out into
open, Mr.. Wilson goes home, and the
country posts a box score reading.
NO runs, no hits, many errors