davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1944-04-27
Letters to The Star
Republic and Democracy
Defined and Explained
To the Editor of The Star:

To the Editor of The STAR
I recently have been asked If I could
define the difference between republic
and democracy. Might ask space in
your paper to endeavor to answer this
question for the information of all who
sincerely may desire an answer?
The Standard Dictionary defines
republic as: "a representative democ-
racy. A state in which the officers of
government are elected for a term by
enfranchised persons"
And democracy as: "The political
system in which government ss directly
exercised or controlled by the people
collectively" In word, "collectivism"
which James Madison doubtless had
in mind when he wrote, in explaining
and advocating the adoption of the
Constitution, "Democracies have ever
been spectacles of turbulence and con-
tention; have ever been found incom-
patible with personal security or the
rights Of property and have in general
been as short in their lives as they have
been violent in their Deaths" and of
which Samuel Adams also declared,
Democracy never lasts long. It soon
wastes, exhausts and murders ITSELF"
A republic also may be said to be q
combination Of government by aris-
tocracy and by democracy, each serving
to regulate and control the other that
neither may run amuck and destroy it.
self or be destroyed. Our American
Constitution has done this to the limit
of human perfection. Let us, therefore,
preserve it so as to preserve our liberties
and freedom under it.
Liberty must be regulated or it will
prove worthless. F.S. KEY SMITH.
Evening star., 1944-04-27
Conudo and Chino
From the Winnipeg Free Press.

from the winnipeg Free Press.
Canada's present treaty provides for
the signing of another treaty with China
within six months Of the end of the
war-a general commercial treaty. A
country like Canada looking anxiously
to benefit from trade with other coun-
tries, should not underestimate the i'm
portance of our future relations with
China. We are neighbors across the
Pacific, Canada with great productive
capacity, and China destined to import
IN large way as the development of
her resources proceeds. The policy of
the United Nations after the war in
giving help in economic development to
the countries that need it, will un-
doubtedly apply to China. If she obtains
the industrial equipment and the CO.
operation which she needs most, it
should be the beginning of a great
economic expansion. Canada will be
wise to seek the best possible relations
with country with such potentialities.
Evening star., 1944-04-27
Whut They Expect
From the Hamilton tontario, spectator

From the Hamilton (ontario) Spectator.
Men who fight on the front lines in
this war are constantly aware of the
hazards they face. But their courage
sustalns them, and they carry on, hoping
for the best, and longing for the day
when they will be back with their loved
ones. Nothing can more quickly strike
at their morale than the knowledge
that all Is not we'll with their families
at home, while they consort with death,
They look to their country, for which
they risk all, to see to it that their
wives and children, or their parents, are
being properly cared for,
Evening star., 1944-04-27
Gathering DondeIion
Greens

Though trees are bare but for the s,osl-
ing buds,
Though ,Dinds are stiu an ICY card
Udn,
So unatratd this lotoly plant comes forth
To Uarm the ,Dinter-,Deary heart OF
man.
Euen from stone, its fragile roots can
form
A t0ick that radiates golden light;
And everywhere it blooms, that Uhich
t0Gs drab
At once becomes Unanimously bright.
And one. lpho seeks its sweetened bitter
ness
Along some quiet and secluded spot,
viii glimpse ne,0 horizon famed tpith
hope
And sense his troubled Ueart,,ess
forgot.
ROSE MYRA PHILLIPS. IS
Evening star., 1944-04-27
Two-Sided Policy

ElG SOFGTllIllSIlt use VI JTOOpS Ill
the seizure of Montgomery Wards
Chicago mail order house presum-
ably is designed as demonstration
of intent to use whatever force may
be necessary to deal with defiance
from employers.
There Is nothing admirable about
this spectacle in Chicago. Armed
with a presidential order for seizure
of the establishment, Government
agents went to Montgomery Wards
and were turned back by Sewell
Avery, the firms chief executive,
who refused to accept the order on
the ground that it was illegal. Then
the agents returned with a dozen
deputy United States marshals, and
again they were turned away. The
next time they brought in the troops
and succeeded in taking over the
plant.
This somewhat theatrical per-
formance grows out of relatively
unimportant labor dispute, and since
Montgomery Wards status as war
essential industry under the Smith
Connally Act is open to question,
there may be some doubt, in the
strictly legal sense, of the Presi-
dents right to order the action
which has been taken. Getting
away from the purely legal aspect,
however, it can hardly be doubted
that the Government was compelled,
as matter of practical necessity, to
stand by its guns in the face of this
deliberate challenge from Mr.. Avery.
In the large picture of the war,
Montgomery Ward is of slight i'm
portance. But for the Government
to have closed its eyes to defiance in
this instance might well have re-
suited in refusal of other employers
to comply with War Labor Board or
presidential orders, resulting ulti-
mately in really serious interference
with the conduct of the war.
It is on these grounds that the
Governments action has to be
justified, and if there was dis
position to apply this policy of
f1rmness equally in all cases there
would be small reason for concern.
But it is not applied equally. The
Government has shown, and properly
SO, that it will not tolerate defiance
from employers, and that it is pre-
pared to use the necessary force to
suppress it. When it is confronted
with comparable defiance from
unions, however, it's determination
to assert authority evaporates and
disappears.
The record in this respect is too
well known to require recitation.
But it may be pointed out that at
this moment the Government is
confronted with a defiant strike of
musicians under the leadership of
James c. Petrillo for the unwarlike
purpose of compelling radio station
to hire employees that it does not
need. The WLB has said that the
strike is contrary to national policy
and has demanded that it be called
off. Yet it has not been called off,
and nothing is being done about it.
It is this two-sided aspect of the
Governments approach to labor
diff1culties-entirely aside from the
legalities of the Governments
action-which tends to qualify public
Endorsement of what has been done
with respect to Montgomery Ward.
Evening star., 1944-04-27
Strategy in Asia
By Maj. George Fieldine Eliot

1t is now quite clear that the Japa-
lese offensive against Imphal and the
Assam Bengal Railway has proven
costly failure. AS already observed in
these articles, the decisive struggle took
place around the British strong point of
KOhlma.
The Japanese failure to take Kohima
settled the fate of their campaign
against Imphal. Kohima has now been
fully relieved, the road from Kohima
Kohlma itself has become an offensive
base Cd for the pursuit of the Japanese
forces retiring on Ukhrul, (2) for the
clearing of the Kohima- -Imphal road,
which latter operation is proceeding
with the aid of troops pushing out from
Imphal itself.
This is really a victory of superior
communications. The Japanese had
TO win with the forces originally COM
nitted to the operation. They could not
hope to bring up strong supporting
forces over the wretched jungle trails,
their only connections with their river
bases along the Chindwin.
The British, on their side, had no
easy problem in the matter of supplies
and reintorcements; they were de-
pendent on two routes Cd the Assam
Bengal Railway, which enjoys no direct
rail connection with the main Indian
railway system, but must rely on car
ferries across the unbridged Brahma-
autra River. 1t is a meter-gauge line,
necessitating change of cars for all
troops and goods coming from Calcutta
or any ether main station on the Eastern
Bengal Railway, which is the connecting
line west of the river; CO the Brahma-
putra River which is navigable for
steamers up to Dibruganj, and has sew
cral small branch railway lines and
roads connecting 1t with the main line
OF the ssamBengal Railway.
To move, let us say a division with
all It's transport, guns and stores from
Bengal or Central India to the Assam
frontier by these means is no simple
or easy task. Yet it is far easier than
to move similar force by jungle tracks
over range Of mountains and to sup
ply 1t by the same means. 1t Is this
fact-plus the hard fighting of the Brit
ish and Indian troops-which has pro-
duced the very Satisfactory results now
Evening star., 1944-04-27

Allied bombs are reported to have
wiped out the Gestapo headquar-
ters at Bucharest. It is thought that
Romanian morale is strong enough
to bear up bravely under this bitter
blow.
Evening star., 1944-04-27

Do not complain unduly about all
the rain this month. Our airmen
have given Germany more April
showers than was believed possible,
and they are not going to be followed
by anything like flowers In May.
Evening star., 1944-04-27

It took the Nazis eight months to
break into Sevastopol. With Rus
sian help. however. they should be
able to get out in mere fraction
of that time. :.
Evening star., 1944-04-27

Romania Is urged by Russia to
regain its liberty by quitting the
Axis. The same idea, it is believed,
has from time to time occurred to
the inmates of Sing Sing.
Evening star., 1944-04-27
This Changing World
BY Constantine Bro,cn

1t. Gen. George s. Pattons assertion
in London that the destiny Of the
United States, Great Britain and Russia
Is to rule the world brought strongly to
the fore the question OF whether Presi-
dent Roosevelt as Commander In Chief,
or the Secretaries of War and Navv
should issue definite orders forbidding
officers in the armed forces to make
speeches or even issue of-the-record
statements
Ever since the outbreak of the war
some OF our best fighting commanders
making some super-optimistic declara-
ton which conditions did not justify or
statements about political matters which
were miles on the beam.
Tt appears that Mr.. Roosevelt and
Secretaries Stinnson and Knox feel that
officers like all citizens should be en-
titled to express their opinion freely.
In peacetime there can be little, II
any, harm in their doing so. But in
wartime the statements OF officers in
responsible positions carry more weight
with the public at home and abroad
than the speeches of many political men.
The motives which are prompting our
commanding OfncerS to give the public
the benefit Of their views are OF course
patriotic. They either desire to pep
up" the public when they believe a pep
talk is needed or wish to warn certain
civilian groups to change their atti-
rude lest they damage the war effort.
But seldom have these speeches had the
desired effect.
X 4
For instance, Gen. George c. Marshall,
who is considered by many as the ablest
Chief of Staff we have ever had In war
time, made an off-the-record statement
a few months ago-which received wide
publicity although his name was not
brought into the picture-to the effect
that the strikes on the home front
had discouraged the Na1-subjected ma
tions in Europe from starting a rebel
lion against the conqueror.
Had he said that these strikes had
bad effect on the morale of our forces
or that they interfered with the war
EFFORT because the men were not get
ting the necessary equipment he would
have been in the right note and there
could have been no criticism. He was
Evening star., 1944-04-23

HA5
TVE American servceman of World War H. in tundra or
topic in warmth in cold is still the invetezate
sportsman of all time There is be and there
hardship and danger entaed in winning it But the American
will get in his sperts icks whatever the Obstacles.
For example, there the football game played recently
Pacific island Watching the struggle was group Of
monkeys chattng excitedly that blind might have
imagined he Ebbets Field during Dodger Giant fra
The players did not kick the ball at all but stuck to
rushing game There The football - that is
the only available substitute large healthy oooot!
In the Mediterranean Iheater, the first North African base
ball world SERIES between the Casablanca Yankees and the
Agers Cardinals prdes of the Medcs and the MP's re-
spectvey, drew crowd of several thousand many of whom
seeing their first baseball game
British soldier explained why he quiet during the
whole SERIES Il donrt understand it. you know and would
not like to be rude to the wrong side"
Ay..sis Taizw.y
In New GUINEA American soldiers wanted to play eolf
and they did They used darts instead of clubs and balls and
the jungle for faway The 18 disks which represented holes
were distributed various Two types of darts
used heavy and light The heavy DART thrown from SO feet
away, represented the driver basse If it fell short
aew the light dart then used for approaches and puts
These ventnesome New Guinea CTS also carved out a
bowling alley, complete with pins and balls in the jungle
They claimed it the only bowling alley actually a
fighting front
Over in North Africa golf balls and much
desired that Sergeant Dugan Aycock reported soldiers
paying up to 500 for a single ball
Softban is by far the most popular game of World
War H. More than 10000 competed m softba events
American camps the world during the past year. Wacs
Waves and Spars a. well as GIs are playing it.
Softba provided of the tensest sports events of the
war, m japanese prison camp in Shanghai. Royal Arch
Gunnson told the story after arriving home the Grshom
1hsy Slnsp,a slhs y,,s
1t sEE1s the Jap captain of the guard after watching the
American prisoners enjoying softba finally challenged them
20 game - guards against prisoners. ticklsh situation
developed as the Americans tailed 27 in the first inning
They were leading by % to going into the fourth At that
pomf the captain of the guard the Americans
and declared that would be better if the game played
not for the score. but for sportananship!
Regular baseball still holds as vigorously possible
under the conditions game that took place while back IN
Greenland will always be remembered by the
AN Army team was playing crack sub chaser nine The oon
baf sted at five IN the afternoon and wound up at three the
nex monng with the ted 2323 Anywhere but Green
and the game would have been called account Of dMne
Another baseball series hossomcd under the Arctic over
cast wen lendease convoy of four ships was maooned
Oh Archangd last summer. Baseballs bats playing field
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-09-22
Legion Lduds
HedrstPdpers

CHICAGO. Sept. 81 GNS)-
Edward N. Scheiberling. So, Dem
ocrat, of Albany. N. Y, unani-
mously elected national COM
mander OF the American Legion,
today pledged to support "A peace
with teeth IN ii. "
The veterans of World War i
ended their three-day Stream
lined eonelave after calling upon
the nation 10 participate in a
world organization to maintain
the peace and 10 assure American
military preparedness through
compulsory military service.
HEARST PAPERS PRAISED
The distinguished service" of
the Hearst newspapers in pressing
for passage of the CT Bill of
Rights for veterans of World War
III was commended in a resolu-
ton adopted at the convention.
Text of the resolution:
whereas, the CT Bill of
Rights of the American Legion
was necessary legislation If the
nation were TO show Its proper
gratitude TO the men and
women in our armed forces for
their sacrifices and achieve
ments, and
Whereas, the full force and
powerful influence OF William
Randolph Hearst and his pub
LEGATIONS were brought To hear
with indOmitable spirit and
ceaseless energy upon the will
and favorable action of Con-
gress, and
ENACTMENT OF BILL
Whereas, william Randolph
Hearst has brought to a fitting
climax his outstanding services.
10 the continued maintenance
of the dignity prestige and
efficiency, of the American
Legion by his successful efforts
on behalf of the enactment OF
the American Legion CT Bill
OF Rights,
Therefore, be ii resolved by
the American Legion assembled
in convention at Chicago, ILL.,.
Sept. IL, 10 and 20, 1914, that
we acknowledge William Ran
dolph Hearts friendship and his
distinguished service to the
American Legion in aiding IL to
secure the passage of this GIL
Bill OF Rights. this greatest
legislative enactment"
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-09-22
Invest S7.85O.OOO
Int ~ Securities

approximately S7850,000 held
in the Detroit city sinking fund
will be invested in short term
u. 5, Treasury securities, it was
announced today. The investment
was approved by the com m n
council Yesterday.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-09-22
CHEERS for Another "PLAY TOPPER" Il

It's "SWANKY" ceYer bumper you'll find in many
moon, dot eye Round-asab button wool fek
In ranger green coffee grey red kelly black brown
NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS. OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-09-22
REMOVABLE
Full Leather LiHiEll
29.7j
Cold Weather PROTECTION
Nv o Fits EASILY over Suits Z.
. Cold Weather PROTECTION
gifts EASILY over Suits

full leather lining front back and sleeves finished with knit
wristles keep you in bustery weather buttons
for right your suits All-woo knockabout
style features sweetheart lapel velveen collar welt
Green purple black brown Sizes from IL to 70
coATs-ruDsoNs-FIRsr NT-wooDwARD-SEcTIoN
Dirva = Field. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1915-current, 1944-05-12

dance with Russian" interpreta-.
ton of the Atlantic Charter is so
real to the peaple of the Baltic
States and Finland that the cor
respondent of Time alludes to it in
his disptach MAY u: ~ believe
therefore that the Russians will do
one of two things if and after they
have cracked Finland militarily:
either ship all Firms to KaZakstan
and Yakutsk lin Siberia) and move
Russians into Finland, or else give
Finland very special privileged
position after a friendly govern
ment has been established. Machi-
avelli said that one should either
be nice to people or destroy them.
Russian leaders are familiar with
Machiavelli".
Therefore, all those who favor
the annihilation of the liberty of
six million Lithuanians, Latvians
and Estonians under the guise of n
Russian Soviet autonomy" should,
at least, obtain firm guarantees
from Moscow that she will be nice
to the people handed over to her.
Dirva = Field. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1915-current, 1944-05-12
Lenkai Minejo 1891
Metu konstitucija

Clevelando Lenkai surenge
iskilminga minejima 1871 me-
tu Lenkijos konstitucijos, su
iskilmingomis misiomis miesto
didejej auditorijoj; pamaldas
lake Vyskupas Hoban.
Po to buvo prakalbos, kuriu
metu buvo keliama Lenkijos
nepriklausomybes klausimas ir
santikiai su Sovietu Russia,
kuri nori pasigrobti puse Len
kijos. Placiai paliesta ir tas
Lenkas kunigas kuris nusidan-
gino j Maskva pas Stalina tar
tis Lenku reikalais: nors jo
niekas neigaliojo. .Tas kuni-
gas, Orlemanski, is Spring
field, Mass, pasirodo, yra ko-
munistu agentas ir cia viesai
veike komunistu naudai. To-
del tik jis ir gavo Amerikos
valdzios leidima j Russia va
ziuoti, kad jis pritaria Sovie-
tams.
81 Lenku svente, 1871 metu
konstitucijos minejimas, yra
tarp kitko sujungta su Lietu-
vos reikalais, nes ta konstitu-
cija priimdami Lenkai galuti-
mai buvo inkorporave Lietuva
j Lenkija, Lietuva jau netu-
rejo savo paskiro ,valdovo. Bet
Lenkai taip nuseimininkavo
ta bendra Lietuvos-Lenkijos
valstybe, kad uz keturiu metu,
1885, ia valstybe suplese if pa
sidalino tarp saves Russia, Au-
strija ir Vokietija. Nuo tada
Lietuva atiteko Rusams.
Dirva = Field. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1915-current, 1944-05-12

Frank j. Lausche, Clevelan-
do populiarus mayoras, Gegu-
zes 8 d. laimejo Demokratu
nominacijas j Ohio guberna-
torius. Rinkimai bus Lapkri-
clio menesi ir visi zenklai rodo
kad Laushce bus iSrinktas gu
bernatorium.
Frank j. Lausche, laimejse
nominacijas, pareiSke:
''Esu dekingas Ohio pile
CLANS uz parama ir uzgyrima
mano kandidaturos. Tas ne
ra dalykas dziaugsmo, bet rel
kalaujantis rimto atsinesimo,
nes tas parodo kokias atsako-
mingas pareigas ant names uz-
deda Sios valstijos balsuoto-
jai.
GAS prasau pilie1iu, neziu-
rint ju politisku paziuru, ku-
rie nori atsakancios valdzios,
stoti mano pusen ir as uztik-
rinu kad mes padarysim Ohio
valdzia viena is geriausiu sio-
je salyje. AS prizadu Ohio pi-
lieciams kad rinkimu diena
Lapkricio menesi ir pc to as
nebusiu niekeno suvarzytas if
nepasiiungsiu niekam, bet ziu-
resiu kad valdzia butu tokia
kuri gales padaryti daugiausia
gerO didziausiam zmoniu skal-
Ciui'.
Dirva = Field. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1915-current, 1944-05-12
THE PERISCOPE.
By SARUNAS.

THE AUTHOR of "A Democrat
ic Manifesto, Mr.. Emery Reeves,
things that the Atlantic Charter
contains ''outdated principles" and
fails as world unifying force. In
an article in the New York Times
Magazine he claims the Charter Is
the most recent version of 18th
century ideals of unqualified ma
tional independence and self-deter-
mination of nations, ideals rooted
in the pre-industrialzed world in
which peoples struggled against
absOlutism, despotism and foreign
domination. Those lofty ideals are
utterly outdated in the Industrial
lied world of the Goth century,
he says, where we should realize
that the security of one people re-
suits from the cooperation of all
to secure the rights of each. The
real independence of nations can
be attained only by the regulation
of their independence, argues Mr.
Reeves.
This is all very we'll and, probab-
ly true in a degree, since there is
no answer to a question Mr.. Reeves
posed: "What was the use Of the
lf-determinaticn' of L h ania
when self-determined Poland oc-
cupied Vilna?"
However, the Lithuanians are
fighting. first of all, to be recog-
nized as a nation, not to be her
ded, as the Chicago Daily Tribune
roughly puts it, "into freight cars
for transportation to Siberia as
soon AS Stain can attend to this
matter. The Lithuanians (and
all other nations) will probably be
eager and willing to further the
regulations of their interdepen-
dence", provided, they and not Ber-
lin, or Mascow are to be the "regu-
lators''. independence first indie
DendenCe next!
RAY BROOKS, the International
News Service correspondent, thinks
Tin the Cosmopolitan, May) that
the happenings in Yugoslavia are
happening because Soviet Russia
aims to include Yugos!avia ''in So.
Wet Russia's Gordon sanitaire-to-b
Of Southeastern, Central European
and Baltic States.
THE THREAT of free (and
nndesired) trip to Siberia in accor-
Dirva = Field. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1915-current, 1944-05-12
Juozas kcznaras Irasis

Per koki laikq sunkiai dir
bes karo darbus, imtikas Juo-
zas Komaras, pragyvenes ke-
leta metu Detroite, parvazlavo
] Clevelanda apsigyventi ir cia
dirba karO darbuOSe tOliau.
Bet jis visai neiSsizadejo
imtyniu = il kaip tik Jack
Ganson pasiule jam proga i'm
It's Public Auditoriume, Juo-
zas sake, duck man priesa ko-
XII nori, matysi kaip as j su-
lamdysiu j kelias minutas.
Imtynes rengiamos Public
Auditoriume, pirmadienio va
kare, Geguzes 22. Jose kick
girdeti dalyvaus tas nuostabus
Prancuzas imtikas vadinamas
Angel, kuri Karolis Pozela
keli metal atgal surado Euro
pole ir atveze Amerika, IL
Lus kitos geru imtiku poros.
Clevelande lankysis ir karo-
lis Pozela tu imtyniu proga.
Dirva = Field. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1915-current, 1944-05-12
kAIP ZYDAI DIRBA

Clevelando zydai pasieme
sukelti savo labdarybes reika-
lams 1914 metu fonda is virs
milijono dolariu. Tam tikslui
vajaus banketas buvo sureng-
tas Hotel Carter. Pirm tos
vakarienes komitetas jau buvo
caves pasizadaiimu uz $780,
600.
Dirva = Field. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1915-current, 1944-05-12
skURIE Clevelandieciai SUI

mokejo perdaug income taksu
uz pereita meta, prades gauti
atgal cekius is federales val
dzios Geguzes menesi. Tokiu
sugrazinamu sumu ticks apie
10000 Clevelandieciu. Cekiai
bus nuo 81 Xxi apie. 800.