davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Bradley beam., 1944-08-26

l. faring again since Katz detoured from Springfield via "Babb's."
 A LETTER
 Dear Blockbuster:
 We two, of the advance patrol skirmish line, have uncovered some items that sound of flavor (not ap- ple). The other day Sgt. Holt called up Chemical Warfare and asked for five gallons of fyspray. Holt always was a man for action.
 We'd like to know who the beau tiful lady in Hartford was who wanted Sgt. Hart1ow's Identification bracelet engraved "I Love You"
 We noticed Sgt. Ronnie Ryan has been pumping nickels in the PIX juke box lately and out comes the tune "I'm in Love with Someone Not in Love with Me-" When asked why, Bonnie sees "red."
 That's all for now-situation otherwise normal. Signed, TAGGART & CONNECTION. Overheard Statements: Miss Brownell had the right an- swer to one problem when she said, "I'll have to take off my glasses so I can hear" Someone was walking through the aisles after listening to the ra- dio and remarked that the war would soon be over. Johnson asked, "Have you been listening to Ga briel Heather? .~:- Private of the Week: We've dug into the files and be- hold
 Another private has entered the
 fold.
 It's Chupko, just returned from war From England in a C-54. The garage has found a spot for
 him,
 Section G and Sookie, himself, were pretty lucky in ekeing out a 3-2 softball victory last Tuesday. Sgt. Kuglitisch pitched a good game for the Section H boys.
Bradley beam., 1944-08-26

In view of the current progress of the Russian armies, we rather imagine that Adolf Hitler is seri-i ously thinking of paying those back dues to the paper hangers union.
Bradley beam., 1944-08-26
HERE and THERE
 AROUND the BASE"

The production line maintenance program is finally off to a flying start. It has been a bit difficult since it's inception but the greater percentage agree that it is defi- nitely moving in the right direc- tion. We are losing quite few of our summer workers because these young men must go back to school. We're sorry to see them go but certainly hope they will want to came back again. We wish them "happy landings" in their school year. Coming Events Cast Their Shadows Before". The Civilian Employees Association is on the front line. Dick Yeager called a meeting of the committee to aid in activating and enlarging it's pro- gram. Here's hoping you have all voted in your department on the ballot given you, because it's your chance to express your choice for representation from your own de- partment. Have you heard about what is going to happen on Thurs day, September seventh? Keep your ears and eyes open and be sure and watch the BEAM next Saturday because we will have a lot to tell you.
Bradley beam., 1944-08-26

A girl who knows she's not the only pebble on the beach is usually a little boulder.
Bradley beam., 1944-08-26

Have you made application for Armed Forces Institute courses this week?
Bradley beam., 1944-08-26

A German was being led to ex- ecution by a squad of Russian sol diers one rainy morning.
 "What brutes you Russians are," grumbled the doomed one, gro march me through the rain like this" 4t ' Ed
 "How about us ?" retorted one of the squad. "We have to march back"
Bradley beam., 1944-08-26
.I;71[4{N]
 sazSZ

Solomon Islands-Comdr. Myron Graybill asked a native chief if he had seen any women at Japanese installations near his village. Yes. the chief, replied, he had seen at least one Jap woman at the camp.
 "How can you be so sure?" Comdr. Graybill asked.
 "I ate her," said the chief.
Bradley beam., 1944-08-26
Civilian Personalities

\ CARL CHARRETTE: is na- tive of Northampton, Mass. He att tended the local schools there and started his career in life in the au- tomobile trimmer's profession. This interesting business enabled him to obtain splendid background for his present work because it includ- all types of leather background for his present work because it includ- ed all types of leather and canvas processing. Carl is one of our "old timers" having entered the Brad ley Field Civilian Family in Feb- ruary, 1942. As a leather and can- vas worker he was the one and only civilian to start the depart ment which is now the Parachute Shop. He has seen some very in teresting changes and moves while the work has been growing. At the present time Carl is foreman of the Parachute and Textile Department and has been mainly responsible in building it up to it's present effl- cient proportions.
 Carl, his wife and three children, live on small farm in Northamp- ton. He is working this farm as his hobby and teaching his youngsters the proper art of riding besides stocking it with an interesting variety of animals. He has prac- tically everything except monkeys. You should hear him boast about his prize Rhode Island Reds. Young Carl, Jr., is competing with his dad, raising prize Bantams. The victory garden is a big success neighbors and friends agree, because they reap the benefits.
 Carl is one of the charter mem bers of the Connecticut River Fish and Game Association and has had an active part in watching it's worthwhile program grow to a membership of 1900.
 You are apt to see Carl's smiling face almost anywhere on the Base as his work takes him to many de- partments. Success to you, Carl.
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1944-06-09
Sunday Marks
Dedication
OF New Church

The dedication of the Eastlawn
Presbyterian Church, 1104 Belair
Street, at the end of Tyler, will
take place Sunday, June III, at 3
pm. This chapel has been erect
ed through the generosity OF the
Assemblies Emergency Fund for
Defense Areas, and is meant to
serve the needs of those in East
lawn who do not have adequate
transportation facilities for at
tendance In the downtown Pas
cagoula churches.
Mr.. James Cogswell of Mem
phis, Tenn, a graduate of South
western, who has finished his
second year in Union Theologi-
cal Seminary, Richmond, Va, is
to have charge of this work
through Sept. Is.
Beginning Sunday night, June
IL, 8 pm, there will be special
evangelistic services conducted
by Rev. w. o. Nelson, Supt. of
Home Missions for Meridian
Presbytery. Music will be fur
nished by choirs from the Ad-
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1944-06-09


Gle chairman, briefly outlining
their particular activities and to
which each gave an appropriate
response.
Mrs. Daniel then introduced
Mrs. G. L. Nelson of Escatawpa,
who gave a group of piano num-
bers.
the program had been arrang-
ed along patriotic lines and an
interesting number on it was a
reading, "A Mothers Prayer" eff
fectively given by Miss Dottie
Daniel.
Mrs. Nelson then gave pleasure.
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1944-06-09


of the mother society and also
chief executive of the Trj-Zone
society, Mrs, Lambert Roberts.
chairman of the Sarah Bennett
circle; Mrs. j. M. Epting, chair
man of the Mary Reed circle and
Mrs. M. Goodwin, chairman of
the hostess circle.
The luncheon was begun with
the singing of the national an
them after which the Rev. E. w.
Ulmer gave the invocation.
Mrs. Floyd Daniel, chairman of
the program committee then in
troduced Mrs. Ulmer and the cir
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1944-06-09

afternoon the Mary Lindsey Cir
Gle Of the Woman's Society of
Christian Service of the First
Methodist Church of Pascagoula
entertained the Mary Reed and
the Sarah Bennett circles Of the
same organization at a luncheon
at the church.
1t was held In the recreation
room where the tables were
handsomely decorated with dais-
les carrying out motif of white.
Place cards which were from the
brush Of a circle member, Mrs.
Rush. added to the beauty of the
table appointments.
Special seats had been reserved
for Mrs. E. w. Ulmer, president
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1944-06-09
at West Point.

Little Penny" Penton, daugh'
ter of Mr.. and Mrs. Kell Penton
celebrated her first birthday or
Sa urday, June 3. There were
many little tots and a lot of nice
gifts.
Lit. G.g) Hal Vaughan of the
Merchant Marine, spent a short
furlough with his parents, Mr..
and Mrs. P. T. Vaughan and rel
atives of Gautier.
The graduation exercises OF
the eighth grade, Gautier school,
were held Tuesday night, May 81.
There was a class of nine, with
Mary Theresa Guilotte, valedic-
orian. and Robert II. Slime, salu-
tatorian. The scholarship award
was presented to Mary The
resa Guilotte. The perfect at
tendance awards were presented
to Lula Mae Guilotte, Betty
Rouse, Rubye Cochran, Joan Ann
Fuller, Daphne Polk, Betty Lee
and Leverne Badnier.
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1944-06-09
Gauiier

Mrs. Louis Boggan Of Men
denhall, Miss. visited Miss Daisy
zeigler last week. Mrs. Boggan
was a former roommate of Miss
Ziegier at Mississippi Southern
College.
Perry Gautier, son of Mr.. and
Mrs. Newton Gautier, will be
leaving for the Navy soon.
Mr.. and Mrs. Paul LeBatard
were very surprised Sunday,
June 4th, when their son, James,
came home on an unexpected
furiough.
Mrs. Barbara West and son of
Cincinnati, Ohio. are spending
their summer vacation with Mrs.
Vests parents, Mr.. and Mrs. l..
w. Fuller and relatives.
Mrs. H.. c. Penton gave a buff
fet supper in honor of her sister,
Mrs. Barbara West, nee Louise
Fuller. There were many guests
and everyone enjoyed the eve
ming.
Mrs. Tom Grant and grandson
Larry, are spending q vacation
with Mrs. Grants relatives in
Little Rock, Ark.
Leonard and James Fuller,
sons Of Mr.. and Mrs. ]. W. Fuller,
are spending their summer vaca-
ton with Mrs. Fuller's relatives
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1944-06-09

by playing God Bless America
with variations.
The program was closed with
Tribute to Our Flag" which was
given by Mrs. Daniel.
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1944-06-09
1873 Register For
Summer Session
AT High School

The summer session at the
Psscagoula High and Elementary
schools started last Monday with
1873 pupils registered at the high
school alone, Thomas r. Wells,
superintendent of dchools, an
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1944-06-09

nounced this week.
Additional registrations are con-
tinuing Mr.. Wells said, and this
figure is expected to be increased
considerably.
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1944-06-09

miral Schley and 14th Street In
tie d en- 0 m in a ii o al Sunday
schools.
The Eastlawn Presbyterian
Chapel has been constructed IN
record time, through the courtesy
of r. p. Farnsworth and Company
and other firms have co-operat-
ed in making this plant available
TO residents of Eastlawn.
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1944-06-09
Mary Lindsey Circle
Hostess To Sister
Circles At Luncheon

On Monday at / O'Clock in the
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-11-25
-
~
MAJESTIC
| RADNNEW
STANDINGS OF THE STARS

STANDINGS OF THE STARS

Political speeches and special po-
Iitioal broadcasts replaced most Of
your favorite shows. 20 no regular
Hocperatings are available for tho
current period The top program
waS the election returns, covered so
well by all the networks
Regular Hooperatings will APPEAR
In the next issue 81 the Majestic
Radio News As an interesting COM
psriSon, however. here are the top
five shows as rated by Hooper for
the folks at home. by the G.I.'s Of
the Persian Gulf Command, and
ell the way across the WORLDLY the
GI.s of the Mosquito Network in
the Southwest Pacific
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-11-25
Narygroye Students
To Gel Certificates

Fourteen students who have
completed seminars at Marygrove
College, preparing them to serve
as social workers and medical
aides in Poland after the war in
Europe, will be awarded certifi-
Gates at 3 p. m. Sunday.
Those receiving the awards will
be Stephanie Kus, Genevieve jan
kiewicz, Alice M. Kunkel, Irene
c. Mroz, Jadwiga Olszewska,
Irene Matulewicz. Mary krycka,
Genevieve Dziadosz, Mary Tyrka,
Regina Jankowski. May Chomiuk,
Josephine Nj. Kurez, Clara Chmu-
rzynska and Regina Stefanski.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-11-25
Son Of Hero
I. To Get DISC

The Distinguished, Service
Cross, second highest award OF
the armed forces. will be pre-
sented tomorrow 10 John +. Bus
sard Jill. of 140i7 Liberal. IN
honor of his battle SLAIN father,
Pfc. John f. Bussard ST.. and 10
Pvt. Lawrence B. Marion. a dis
charged veteran Of the New
Guinea campaign AT II a. m. on
the 72Sth Military Police Bat
talon parade grounds.
For heroiSm that led 10 the
winning of a strategic hill from
the Japs on Bougainville and cost
him his life, Bussard. Sc, won this
high award
In the darkness Of March s,
1914. and in the midst of a tropl-
cal rainstorm. Bussard volun-
teered 10 60 alone TO dlslodge the
laps from Hill 700 after four of
his buddies had been killed and
eight wounded.
Armed with a rifle and "ba-
zeeka." Bussard demolished two
pill boxes. enabling his unit 10
win the hill
Pvt. Marion of 34t High street.
Ionia. volunteered with three
others 10 attack an enemy po-
Sition near Sanananda, New
Guinea. on Dec. "a. 1912 With
complete disregard for his per-
sonal safety he attacked a section
of enemy trenches with hand
grenades.
The patrol killed seven u the
enemy and occupied the trenches.
enabling their unit TO consolidate
ttc ooSitiOn
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-11-25

from your next radio. Clearer re-
ception, greater range and depth
OF tone, and hair-line tuning for
greater clarity are only few Ma
jestic developments. Be sure OF
these better radio features when
you buy. Look for the name Ma
jestic-for radios built by men with
years of experience In radio and
Eectronics. Produced so eficiently
that everyone can enjoy radio OF its
best-Majestic Radiol
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-11-25
Prisoners

ROME. Nov. "a CUP)-A sur
vey made by the Italian Red
Cross revealed today that the
number of Italian prisoners. in
GLIDING those taken by the Ger
mans after Sept. s, l943, totaled
1851 $50.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-11-25
Ethel Barrymore
Off for Week Rest

NEW YORK. Nov. "A (UP)-
Ethel Barrymore was en- route to
Hot Springs, Va, 10 recuperate
from pneumonia. Miss Barrymore
left the hospital here yesterday.
DR.. LOUIS Rene kaufman said she
would require a weeks rest be-
fore she could resume her role IN
"EnbezZled Haven.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-11-25
Come and Inspect
Willow Run!
asguest o.
FORD MOTOR COMPANY
Next 3 Sundays NOV. 26 Dec. 3 or Dec. 10
as guest OF

have been supplied with a certain
number of tickets for each of
these Sundays. You must have a
ticket to be admitted. See the
dealer most convenient to you.
The great Willow Run plant is a
monument to the resourcefulneSs,
vision and ability of Detroit and
Michigan citizens-your neighbors.
The whole nation, and Americas
Allies as we'll, share the pride
and intense interest you will feel
as you examine this matches
Arsenal of Democracy.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-11-25

Starr Of stage. screen, and
radio will put on q great radio
show Thanksgiving Day In be-
half of the Sixth War Loan.
You're invited 10 enjoy it
and to buy and hold extra War
Bonds as your way Of giving
thanks for the freedom and
security Of our country.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-11-25
Nsw Oracle Fields ShoD

Oracle Fields, popular British and
American comedienne. returned TO
radio Tuesday. Nov. IA. In q COM
pletely new show.
In addition 70 Grscies singing
and fun-making. the program In.
cludes Fred Brady, movie comic
and Lou Bring as head musician.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-11-25

completely py &C
cident, tool
Frank Cooper.
finder OF talent,
tuned In a Cana
dian station by
mistake when his
radio dial went
avry. That s
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-11-25

DrcAusE so many thousands of
ID our people have long wanted
to visit the great Willow Run
bomber plant, the AAF, Air Tech
meal Service Command, cooperat-
ing with the Ford Motor Com
pany, has made this opportunity
available. You are cordially in
vited. The only limitation is that
YOU must be an american citizen.
The next three Sundays-Nov. Is,
Dec. 3 and Dec. l0-have been set
aside for these visits. All Ford,
Mercury and Lincoln Dealers
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-11-25
Age of Etectronies?

After the war we may see the
Age OF Electronicsl For Electronics,
which Is simply the Harvesting and
control Of electrical particles how-
ing between two points, can be
made TO work many wonders.
Electronics' ability TO see, to hear.
70 smell, TO count, and do countless
other Jobs with superhuman accu-
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-11-25

racy has put 1t
TO work for war
In many lie W
and important
ways.
This war-born
growth Of Elec-
tronio - much
of 1t part OF
BIajcstic's own
research - Will
bring vastly
greater listen
ing pleasure
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-11-25

right Alan was being funny
and Cooper liked him
Subbing for Eddie Cantor last
summer. Alan became so successful
that he won q contract from the
sponsor, and now appears every
Tuesday night.
go. 49,. s.<,. a f.s--..,,, c--r-r.nu- isal
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-11-25
Happy Accident

Alan Young was discovered by
the same man who found Frank
sinatra and Dinah shore - and
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1944-12-28
WOHIey Rites
Thursday Afternoon

Funeral services will be held at
2:30 o'clock Thursday afternoon in
the Paul Diller funeral home for
Rufo S. Wolfley, so, native of
Orange township, who died in his
home on Huber street here at HAS
p. m. Christmas night.
The son of Elias and Elmira
park Wolfley, he was born March
20, 1884, in Orange township, and
for 80 years operated a hardware
store at West Liberty, Ohio. He re-
tired from that business and moved
to Bluffton a year ago.
Wolfley was married on Oct. a,
1918, to the former Marie Cribley,
who survives with one sister, Mrs.
William Bigger, of Orange township.
The body will be at the home un-
I'll shortly before the last rites on
Thursday. Rev. Robert Worley,
pastor of the West Liberty Congre-
gational church, will conduct the
services, and burial will be in Wood
lawn cemetery at Ada.
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1944-12-28
LIT. TRIPPLEHORN
DIES IN AIR ACTION
OVER LEYTE ISLAND
Bluffton Fighter Pilot Meets
Death on Nov. Is, Wife
Learns Saturday
1t. Tripplehorn Had Been Based
At Airfield on Leyte Since
Late October

Vicious air combat over Leyte
claimed the life of 1t. Gerald (Willie)
Tripplehorn, 26, u. s. Army air force
fighter pilot who was killed in action
on November Is, according to word
received Saturday morning by his
wife who lives in the Stratton apart
ments on South Main street.
No details regarding his death were
given in the telegram from the War
Department.
Lit. Tripplehorn had been based at
an air field on Leyte island since Oc-
tober, shortly after the invasion of
that part of the Philippines, according
to letter received by his wife several
weeks ago.
The Bluffton officer had been in the
air force two years and showed unus-
ual aptitude in his trianing. He re-
ceived his wings at Foster field in
Texas last January. A graduate Of
Bluffton High school in 1886, he had
Ia brilliant scholastic rsn2rd.
In addition to his wife he is surviv-
ed by a two-year-old son, Tom; his
mother, Mrs. Ross Tripplehorn, OF
Cherry street; three brothers, Myron
Russell and Dale Tripplehorn, all OF
Bluffton; and three sisters, Mrs. Dor
othy King, of Norfolk, Vs and Mrs,
Evelyn Benroth and Mrs. Gene Mer-
icle, both of Bluffton.
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1944-12-28
BL.dfrH(,K H(,K.LANS
TO WELCOME new
YEAR WITH GAIETY
Watch Parties and Bands of
Carolers Will Greet 1914
Sunday Night
Enthusiasm and Cheer of New
Year Sobered by Fourth
Year of War

Climaxing a season of holiday
gaiety sobered by the fourth year of
the war, Bluffton area residents for
few hours will cast aside their care
in the celebration of the passing of
another year at midnight, Sunday.
Ringing bells, shriIIing Whistles and
footing horns will usher IN the New
Year, and in keeping witt the custom
of the community, bands of carollers,
viii make their traditis Il rounds of
the town and countrysid
Watch parties in nS&ss homes will
add color and cheerfulness to the New
Years observance, and III other cases
the passing of the old year will be
observed by staying quietly at home
and listening to radio music in keep
ing with the season.
New Years Eve caroling, tradi-
ton of long standing in The commun-
ity is being continued despite the ra-
tioning of gasoline and tires, and
bands of singers each year have been
making their customary rounds.
New Years Holiday
New Years Day next Monday also
will be observed as a holiday, with
business and industrial activities sus-
Continued on page 81
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1944-12-28
FARM INSTITUTE TO
BE HELD HERE ON
JANUARY rs AND rs
Instructive and Entertaining
Two Day Institute Program
Being Arranged
Charles w. Cookses and Miss
Carrie Wilson WiliBe State
Speakers e

II
Plans are nearing cs1iprttion Tor
Bluffton's third wartime Community
Institute, a two-day program of lee
lures, discussion periods and etertain-
ing feature to be held here Thursday
and Friday, January 25 and 26.
One of the highlights of this years
program will be the appearance at
each session of two State Institute
speakers, we'll known as authorities
in their respective fields. They are
Charles w. Cookson, of Troy, Ohio,
and Miss Carrie A. Wilson, of Sun
bury, Delaware county, Ohio.
Other features will include sessions
set aside for the discussion of farm
and community problems, and enter
tainment comprised of dramatic and
musical offerings.
Arrangements for the Institute are
being directed by the officers, includ-
ing H. P. Huber, president; Earl Mat
ter, president; Williams Althaus,
secretary-treasurer; Harry F. Barnes,
Quinten Burkholder, Harvey Gratz
Edgar Herr and Harry Andeson, exec
utive committee.
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1944-12-28
New Years Celebrated At Different
Times Throughout History OF Mankind


A son was born Sunday in the
Bluffton Community hospital to Mrs.
Cloyce Kidd, of near Columbus
Grove, whose husband was seriously
wounded in France on Sept. 13 and
who now is in hospital in England
for convalescence.
The son, named Dwain Arden, was
born only two days after a Purple
Heart medal awarded to Pvt. Kidd
had been sent home by him.
The Columbus Grove soldier, son
of Mr.. and Mrs. Cloyce Kidd, was
wounded when the airplane of which
he was member of the ground me-
chanics crew was struck by an 88
nm. shell. Two other members of
his crew also were wounded.
The Bluffton news. [volume] (Bluffton, Ohio) 1875-current, 1944-12-28

New officers of the Bluffton chap
ter, Order of the Eastern Star, were
installed at the last meeting of the
order with Mrs. Carolyn Alderman
heading the organization as Worthy
Matron.
Other officers include Walter
Marshall, patron; Mrs. Effie Herr
ing, associate matron; Donivan Con-
rad, associate patron; Mrs. Helen
Campbell, conductress; Mrs. Blanche
Harmon, associate conductress; Mrs.
Charlotte Marshall, secretary; Mrs.
Emma Studler, treasurer; Mrs. Elsie
Buckland chaplain; Mrs. Ruth Con-
rad, marshal; Miss Marjorie Buck
land, organist; Mrs. Imagene Ewing,
Adah; Miss Theola Steiner, Ruth; !;
Mrs. Juanita Swank, Esther; Mrs.
Marie Stratton, Martha; Mrs. HERNIA
Rauenbuhler, Electa; Mrs. Ethel
Stratton, Warder; and George Ra-
uenbuhler, sentinel.
For the installations Mrs. Helen
MoS ii1gtofs vas Essalling officer,
assisted by Mrs. Alice Devier, intro
ductory marshal; Miss Theresa Slus-
ser, installing marshal; Mrs. Dor
othy Stratton, installing marshal ;
Mrs. Grace Longsdorf, installing
chaplain; Mrs. Evelyn Beals, install
ing conductress; Wilhelm Amstutz,
organist; Mrs. Reign Amstutz, ward
er, and Harold Beals, sentinel.