davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1944-02-06
CLOSING ESTATE

Fine home, furnished; all city conven-
fence; waterfront lot, on Chesapeake Bay.
sacrlflce at quick sale. Box lay, Star
tric lights, with ii lots. ''SelaSsIa Villa"
at Shady Side Md, Priced reasonable;
parity furnished. Call Mrs. {. B. Crowner
Evening star., 1944-02-06
WATER FRONT PROPERTY.
WEST RIVER BARGAIN.

All-year home, beautifully furnished
every city convenience; electric kitchen
large water front lot, pier, boat, garage
Star
Evening star., 1944-02-06
q ACRES.
ORANGE COUNTY. VI

rooms, bath. hot-air heat; gear
garage, chicken house > wells, ] spring
3 tons coal in basement; S4.95O. ANDER-
SON. OK 3o40
Evening star., 1944-02-06

OAtS1lT1ItD.
80 acres, 6-room, modern bungalow.
52arn, 2dn grading house, 5-room tenant house,
o, ,,WUo apple trees; tractor, other necessary
sa ssaau!,ppnent; !, 32 miles to D. c. Price,
BUELL. NJ GARDNER. E. KELLY,
Phone oSO PocEyi1ie NJ
Evening star., 1944-02-06

2l9 acres, s-r. house barn, grenary.
tenant house: I'm fronting on good
stream; so acres bottom sand, bal rolling
deep we'll at house and barn price. $500;
p cash; also several small tracts; good
bldgs: on main highway. ANDERSON,
Evening star., 1944-02-06

PONTIAC, late 1877 club conver. coupe;
like new, "S9 930 miles. Unblemished Cata-
lima tan finish. maroon leather upholstery
fog lights, heater, defroster, 5 good tires
- sticker, passed inspec.; $3.50 1910
Evening star., 1944-02-06

tires, radio and heater. new rings, bear.
ings and clutch Just installed: 500
UN 3a4l. -
PONTIAC 1a41 IS" sedanette; black
Wv tires 2l,O0O actual miles. Very
clean car. Price, Sl.@95. Mckee Pontiac.
22rd and N SITS. NV. ME. O400.
PONTIAC l94l 6-cylinder 4-door sedan:
radio and heater exceptionally clean
THROUGHOUT: excellent rubber. low mileage;
any demonstration; Sl.1a5. Fully guar
NV. between X and L. RE. 1881.
Evening star., 1944-12-10
Pack Artillery Solves Problem
For Army in Jungle Warfare

It is organized for service In mountain
Gus country, on narrow trails or in
jungles where 1t is impossible for other
types Of artillery to move about.
The 75-mm. Pack Howitzer
The basic weapon OF pack artillery
is the 75-millimeter pack howitzer. It
is an artillery piece which fills the gap
between mortar and gun. The pack
howitzer is so made that 1t can be
taken apart into small pieces and car
ried on the backs Of mules or even In
special packboards on the soldiers
backs. Next to Its light weight and
portability, which is an important con-
sideration In jungle warfare, is its
ability to shoot "high-angle" shell.
The howitzer can operate at an angle
as high as As degrees, tossing the Is
pound shells over the jungle trees and
down upon the enemy. In ordinary
field artillery guns, the shells are fired
at the enemy and travel almost parallel
to the surface of the ground A shot
fired by field gun would hit the first
tree in its way and be stopped before
causing any damage to the enemy
The pack type howitzer has wooden
wheels with steel rims which are much
Evening star., 1944-12-10

mules. These six-mule packs can be
quickly unpacked and the howitzer set
up to IRE in matter Of minutes.
Pack artillery battalions are COM
posed Of batteries, each battery being
equipped with four of these 75-mm. pack
howitzers and the personnel to OPP
crate 1t.
In the jungle, efficiency depends to .
large extent upon the ability Of the per-
sonnet to pack the necessary material,
equipment and cargo on the backs Of
animals and deliver them loaded at the
proper place and at the proper time.
This should be easy, you think, for given
directions and the necessary time, there
should be no reason why the troops
should not arrive at the proper place
on time.
But the jungle is most unobhging.
Although the men are alrdeay cavalry
men and artillerymen, they must turn
engineers in order to lead their mule
train through the jungle. The impor-
tant thing is that it can be and is being
done right now This portable firepower
can be transported where needed. 1t Is
our Army's answer to the question of
how to provide mobility and firepower
to our troops fighting in the jungle.
Evening star., 1944-12-10
It's Not the Drinking, but What Is Causing 1t,
That Needs Watching, Says Army Chief Psychiatrist

when you consider that the combat
soldier envies the job of the man at
headquarters is miles behind the line
and that one envies the one even fur
ther back in communications, who, in
turn, may resent the soldiers on this side
of the ocean. you can imagine how the
front-line soldier feels about civilians.
The returning soldiers, Col. Menninger
explained, can't harmonic what they
left behind with what they find here He
said he had felt the sharpness of the
contrast himself on a battlefront tour
recently when he left the bitterly cold,
rain-drenched front with its constant
threat of death, and returned to Paris.
1t seemed almost unbelievable, he said,
that there could be place where he
could sit down to a well-served meal
with an orchestra playing softly in the
background of an attractively decorated
dining room.
Nothing to Look Forward to
These men have been living and
thinking and feeling for months in an
environment where they have nothing to
look forward to but another day and
night of complete hell" he pointed out.
Then they come home to find few
outward aspects of war except longer
lines waiting for seats in restaurants.
They try to talk to their old friends but
they find they can't put what they feel
into words. They can't explain how
they felt when they saw their best friend
with his head blown of.
"A soldier gets certain kind of feel
ing that it's impossible to convey. Be-
cause he can't convey that feeling, he
feels civilians don't understand him.
That just adds to his general feeling of
not fitting. He may try to escape from
that feeling by drinking"
At first, Col. Menninger explained.
drinking might only be an expression OF
freedom While he's in the service, the
psychiatrist pointed out, soldier gets
a few days of occasionally from situa-
ton where he's been close to the grind
stone for long time. The grindstone
may simply be the discipline of Army
life or it may be combat.
He has two or four or, If luck is with
him, seven days when it doesn't matter
what time he gets in or where he goes.
He comes to town looking for what the
ordinary GI-or civilian-thinks Of as
good time. He's crying for just the
opposite Of what he's had to take"
Discovering Freedom
When he comes back from combat
with q months leave or Is discharged
from the Army Col. Menninger went on,
.'he discovers again this strange new
thing called freedom"
Evening star., 1944-12-10
BY Sergt. John L. Kent.

Our big guns will not win the Pacific
war! In the final showdown in the
jungles of Indo-C China and Malaga, we
will not be able to use our large guns
Neither can we depend on mobility to
assure victory. Here in the jungle the
biggest gun is almost useless and the
best tanks and fastest trucks get stuck
in the bogs and swamps and jungle
underbrush.
Firepower and mobility is winning
the war in Europe Our large guns,
the 240-millimeter and l55-millimeter
Long Toms and the many smaller
guns mounted on speedy weapon car
riers and half-tracks are used to
soften up" and breach the enemy's
defenses. 1t was mobility and firepower
which paved the way for Hitler's sue
cesses early in this war, and it was
mobility and firepower which Gen.
Patton used in his break-through from
Normandy
Can't Use Biggest Guns
But in the jungle we can't use our
long-range artillery for we will only
shatter trees, and we cannot attempt
large-scale tank warfare for our tanks
Evening star., 1944-12-10

For the first week, he rejoices in the
fact there's no bugle to wake him up.
Then he's disconnected because he wakes
up at am. anyhow. He's been living
In certain way for long time and he
can't shake off those fetters of the Army
routine
After that first week or two if he
doesn't have some purpose, some plan,
he's going to begin to founder. About
that time, he may decide 1t would be
easier not to live at home or even in
the same community He feels his wife
and friends don't understand him. He
may team up with another veteran be-
cause they talk the same language.
If he's ever done any drinking. he
knows that in alcohol he will find an
artificial exhilaration in which the world
doesn't look the way it does when he's
sober
Release From High Tension
Men who have been living under high
tension for months can't be expected
to settle down at once to quiet evenings
at home or the monotony of desk job,
Col. Menninger pointed out, but if their
restlessness continues, if they start
drinking heavily, some one who cares
what happens to them ought to step into
the picture.
There's no reason why a wife, mother
or boss should assume the man is such
a child that he can't be talked to about
his abnormal traits" the psychiatrist
declared. AS last resort, he suggested
trying this sort of approach to the
veteran:
''I appreciate what you've done and
what you've gone through, but now you
can't 60 on acting like child. After
all, if you're ever going to get readjusted,
you've got to make some effort to help
yourself"
Sense of Insecurity
Col. Menninger pointed out that an
accepted explanation OF chronic alco-
holism in civilians is that excessive
drinking is closely tied up with a sense
of insecurity.
A soldier who feels he doesn't fit at
home because of the gap between SOL
dier and civilian Life or because he can't
convey what he's been through or be-
cause he's restless and doesn't know
what to do with his new found freedom
may feel uncertain enough. to utilize his
infantile pattern Of reaction and find
solace in the whisky bottle, Col. Mem
ninger pointed out.
For the very young soldiers, the psy-
chiatrist added. drinking may be-
gesture to express the masculinity they
don't always feel
The soldier IN the public eye Is very
Evening star., 1944-12-10


improvisation, the fact that we were in
the midst of rebuilding from World
War I and that the heavy equipment
industry, under the stimulus of COM
petition, was developing a program of
peacetime construction on a scale new
even to the experience of this country.
When we were bombed into war at
Pearl Harbor We did not lack the means
for speedy preparations. The Axis chiefs
had counted on time being on their side
because for years they had been
planning. producing and preparing for
war. But with the workpower of the
worlds best construction equipment, we
soon began to throw their time calcula-
tions out of gear.
In time so short it amazed them, we
Evening star., 1944-12-10

The Corps Of Engineers has been
linked with oficial Washington for
many years. Under the law, one
of the District Commissioners must
be an Army engineer officer. Until
late years, some Army engineer
of1icer has always been designated
superintendent of public buildings
and grounds in the District. Maj.
Gen. U. s. Grant, Sd, who formerly
held such office, is now chairman
of the National Capital Park and
Planning Commission.
Fort Belvoir, in nearby Virginia,
has been a training center for
thousands of engineer officers in
this war. There, every phase of en-
gineer combat duty is rehearsed.
Washington firms also have con-
tributed to the engineer program.
The total value of contracts
awarded by the Engineer Corps for
supplies and construction in the
Washington area during the 1914
fiscal year amounted to $3.50, ,184.19.
Evening star., 1944-12-10

-Sienai CORPS Photo.
such as oil companies give away to tour
lists at home.
There is hardly type Of map which one
can think Of for which war has not shown
a need. In North Africa, maps showed
the probable movements of sand dunes
in certain seasons. Paratroopers carry
maps show winds, air currents and
thermal effects, the bearing strength of
soils, even caves.
The Quartermaster Corps is supplied
maps keyed to the kind of clothing that
should be issued in any month of the
year in any part of the world. For the
invasion of Sicily, the geologists of the
engineers had to prepare maps which
were virtually divining rods, for they
gave all probable" water well sources
Our commanders found them better
than any information gained from the
natives.
The Great Map Hunt
Maps being SO important in modern
war, one would think the Army would
have been well supplied with all kinds
Not so. Twentyfour hours after Pearl
Harbor was bombed, about all the in
formation we could dig up on the many
islands in the Pacific was a collection of
maps and sketches, most of them hun
dred years old. In some cases the en-
gineer mapmakers had to go back to
book by Pere du Halde, published in
Paris in 1735. Australia was virtually
unmapped. For places like Truk,
Tarawa and other South Pacific islands.
about all we had was the memory of
old shipmasters in this country and
sketches by missionaries.
Nor were matters much better in
facilities for the physical The Army's
map-prints establishment at that time
was tucked away in small quarters at
the Army War College. It's few presses
were sadly unequal to the prodigious job
ahead. The British. early in 1912, sent
over their No. map man. Brig. Martin
Hotine. He sat down with Col. Herbert
B. Loper of our Engineers. Intelligence
Branch, and the two of them worked
out a mapping agreement covering the
world. The British would handle the
Eastern Hemisphere. The Americans
would take care of the Western Hemi-
sphere. All maps would be standard.
Then began hunt for maps and map
makers. 1t was the greatest map hunt
in history, with thousands of individual
av,l -
ating. The leading mapmakers were
recruited and six months after Pearl
Harbor the engineers mapmaking ma
chinery was set up to smash all produc-
ton records.
(The merit installment of the Army
Service Forces series, which ,Uiu ap-
pear in The Star merit Sunday, deals
pith the activities OF the Chemical
Warfare Serpice.)
Evening star., 1944-12-10
By Miriam Gutenberg

That young soldier with the battle
ribbons, who puts his foot on the bar
and orders a round of drinks. may be
hiding a heap of uncertainty behind his
bold front
He and lot of his friends, says the
Army's chief psychiatrist, Col. William
c. Menninger, sense they are having
difficulty in fitting into the civilian life
around them and they're looking for
"outs." That's why some of them turn
to whisky
They have forgotten what it's like to
be a civilian" the psychiatrist ex-
planned. They're different men from
the ones who went away. They've been
places. They've grown 10 years in 2.
throne on high than the people at home
that there's an unbridgeable gap between
the combat veterans and the civilians"
Soldier drinking, which is worrying
many civilians, is just symptom of
the much bigger problem of turning
soldiers into civilians again." Col. Men
ninger declared.
"The drinking in itself isn't some
thing we have to be alarmed about" he
contended. "Yes, there's some extra
drinking. Some youngsters who wouldn't
be drinking if they'd stayed in civilian
life are drinking now. But we don't
have to assume this is going to lead to
any marked increase in chronic alcohol
ism; 1t can be a very temporary thing.
Getting Them Readjusted
What we should be alarmed about
and do something about-is the problem
of getting these men readjusted in their
communities. Drinking for these men
is like fever in a pneumonia case. You
don't treat the fever. You treat what's
causing it.
Most returning soldiers, he said, are
restless. They're not sure exactly what
they want to do. Some soldiers coming
back to civilian life can't stand living
at home any more. Some, particularly
those who hadn't been married long,
don't get along with their wives. Some
Of the men are wandering from town to
town. Too restless to stay at any one
job, said the psychiatrist, the men are
"houndering" and that's when q. few
OF them are turning to alcohol.
But the main problem, he felt, was the
difference that's grown up between sol
diers and civilians.
ITS like a Vnixture Of oil and water. y
he explained. TT takes time to get an
emulsion. I don't think you can expect
the average CT to be understood by ci-
villains or TO understand Immediately the
civilians role in the war.
Evening star., 1944-12-10

airport was needed. French engineers
for years had striven to build such a
field but had been unable to complete
one because Bone lies on mud fiat.
For lack Of adequate air defense it was
feared the port would have to be closed.
United States aviation engineers were
given IA days In which to build an
airfield. The job was done on time.
In the liberation of France the KEY
Evening star., 1944-12-10

mesh over the sands or other treacherous
terrain to permit the vehicles of war to
move. They knock down bunkers, build
roads, by-pass destroyed bridges, clear
paths through mine fields and generally
set the tempo for the Army's advance.
Typical Of the known and unknown
engineer heroes of that Normandy D
day were two bulldozer operators, since
awarded the Army's Distinguished Serv-
ice Cross They were Pvt. vinton w.
Dove of 2647 Forty-first street NV,
Washington, and Pvt. William j. Shoe
maker of Evansburg, Pa.
Working in shifts with their bull
dozers, they dragged scores of capsized
vehicles onto the beaches, ignoring artil-
lery. mortar and machine gun fire. Then
they turned their attention to smashing
Evening star., 1944-12-10

much of herman" commented Col.
Menninger. He's got to be. But II
he's just a scared kid he gets the illu-
putting his foot on bar"
The Army doesn't have the authority
to regulate drinking in a community
where soldiers spend their leaves, but
Army regulations, Col. Menninger
pointed out, are very specific in eonsid<
ering drinking misconduct .-
The Army doesn't allow hard liquor
on its posts. If man drinks and gets
hurt in an automobile accident, the
Army considers the injury is not in
CURED in line of duty Misconduct
growing out of drinking may even be
punished by court-martial.
"The Army builds its regulations on
the idea that drinking is simply not
to happen, Col Menninger explained
That's not matter of moral judg.
ment but of the soldiers health and ef-
fciency."
It's Up to the Community
Once soldier gets out of uniform, the
psychiatrist added, it's up to the COM
munity to see he has some place to go
besides night club. He felt soldiers
girl friend could help.
Right now, he pointed out, lot Of
girls are drinking just tc keep their SOL
dier boy friends company. Just like
some of the very young soldiers, many
of these girls wouldn't ordinarily be
drinking at that age.
Instead OF going along to sit with
soldier In dark corner of some beer
joint" the Army psychiatrist declared,
"a girl can help lot by diverting his
attention to something else-dancing,
fishing, bowling, any good substitute.
That's the same treatment an intel.
hgent parent gives an infant. If
child Is throwing a temper tantrum
because he can't have red wagon, you
try to satisfy him with a set of blocks.
You offer him good substitute.
Finding New Outlets
On a larger scale, he pointed out,
community can do the same thing. He
advocated an organized plan Of pro-
viding recreational, vocational and ed
ucational opportunities mot just en-.
tertainment but constructive opportuni-
ties for some other outlet than the
escape they find In whisky
One Of this countryis major jobs, he
predicted, will be turning soldiers into
civilians again. Bars Allied with sol-
diers and men wearing discharge but.
tons are an evidence Of how difncult
that Job win be.
Evening star., 1944-12-10
BY Nelson M. Shepard.

Science
important branches
the Tanks trucks
operate The Air Corps be effective engineers
provide with facilities Without
France that perhaps landings
the Normandy
through underwater
Evening star., 1944-12-10

often presents insurn1ountdble
problems in jungle fighting.
-Signal Corps Photos.
will be easy prey for Jap snipers and
fame rhrowers when they slow down
due to the many jungle distractions, or
while the tankmen are waiting for the
engineers to clear the way.
1t would seem that we are at dis
advantage. Not only have we never
fought long jungle war, but We are
fighting an army which is especially
suited for jungle warfare.
But many years ago the Army de-
veloped a weapon and a method by
which firepoWer and mobility is re-
stored to our forces where the terrain
does not permit the use of large guns.
Our secret weapon" for fighting the
Jap in the jungle is our lightweight
pack artillery.
Pack artillery is field artillery in
which the cannon, ammunition and
supplies are carried on pack animals.
Evening star., 1944-12-10
Engineer Corps Has Vital Task
In Modern Mechanized Warfare

This Is the fifth OF articles
Forces and the role the ogics
total The Star inue its
biggest business
Proletarec. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1906-19??, 1944-03-08
Turcijo Sc boii tujih
tekmecey z q memo
Dina poIjo

Turcija Sc je zavzela, da ne DO
postala drugs. Saudi Arabia, XII
je dala svoja DINA bogastva, ba-
je najveeja ma svetu, v izrablja-
ME amerisknn oljnim druzDam.
Obratovale Jill bodo pod Easel
to ameriSke Wade.
Turcija ne zeli, da bi kdaj po-
stala zrtev katerega koli impe-
rializna, kakor SO postale vsled
svojih prirodnih virov druge
male dezele. cato je odklonila
ponudbo ameriSkih oljnih druzb,
XII SO delovale "a pridobitev oil
mega monopola v Mi.
Turski vladi so prigovarjale,
da maj jim ola pravico iskati ollie
in koncesijo, &c ga najdejo, ope-
rirati vrelce SO let. Polovico Ola
bi Slo ameriski druzbi in druga
pa turSki vladi.
Pcgajanja je prekinila %. fe-
bruarja. Ameriski zastopniki 81
Sc prizadevajo, ola Waldo v Anka-
ri omehcajo. Angleski oljni inte-
resi- gledajo to amerisko prodi-
ranje V DINA bogastva ma biz
MEM vzhodu 2 veliko ljubo-
r. ..#fNzfHt = Es#fr
sumnostjo. Kajti doslej je IA
te IN delu sveta imela Y izrablja-
nju oljnih poll Anglia glavno
besedo.
Proletarec. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1906-19??, 1944-03-08
Tretja obletnica

Dne 27. marca potecejo tri le-
ia, odkar je nacijski vojni vihar
pridrvel mad Jugoslavijo z ma
menom, ola zdrobi ia junaSki ma
rod, XII Sc je postavil pc robu ne
samo Hitlerjevemu vojnemu
stroiu, temvec tudi domaGim po-
litiGnim voditejem in tako pre-
precil njihove nacrte, da izroce
yes Balkan Ma razpolago naci-
faSiStom "a toriSce V boiu proti
demokraticnim narodom. Jugo-
slovanski narod Sc je dvignil in
ne samo zastavil Hitlerjev ca
sovni spored "a napad ma Rusijo
"a diva meseca, temvec je S svo-
Jim krvavim odporom pokazal
pred vsem Svetom, da ne kloni
pod nobenim pritiskom. Lube
zen do svobode, enakopravnosti
in pravice mu je bila vec kot pa
najhujSe nuke, nestevilne zrtve
in potoki krvi svojih najdrazjih
sinov in hcera. Winston Chur-
chill je tedaj dejal: Jugoslaviia
je naSla svojo duso! Toda Chur-
chill Sc je pomotil. Nj bila Ju-
goSlaVija, Xxi je nasla svojo duSo,
temvec jugoslovanski narodi =
Slovenci, Hrvati in Srbi, XII so
Sc uprli poleg tujim napadalcem
tudi svojim lastnim izdajalskim
izkoriScevalcem. Uradna Jugo-
slavija je odnesla svoje pete V
varnejSe podnebje kara in Lon
dona, svoje nesrecno ljudstvo pa
je p~repustila lastni usodi.
V treh letih trpljenja, prega-
MANIA, straSne borbe in umira-
MIA 81 je jugoslovanski osvobo-
dilni element S svojim nepri-
merljivim zgledom pridobil OBJ
cudovanje in socustvovanje vse-
ga demokraticnega sveta. Toda
"a to priznanje je moral placati
S potoki Medicine krvi. Cena ie
blla necloveska. Kar Sc je godi-
10 in Sc Sc godi v Jugoslaviji, je
nekaj groznega in straSnega, OBJ
enem pa nekaj tako velicastne-
ga, da zgodovina kaj takega ne
pomni. Da, preprosti narod je
naSel Svojo duSo!
SANSove podruznice maj pro-
Slavic tretjo obletnico invaziie
stare domovine, XII pa je obenenl
tudi tretja obletnica narodnega
prebujenja. Nasim borilcem bo-.
mo izkazali najvecjo cast S tenn,
Ga Jih V elm vecji meri podpira-
mo potion SANSa in Zdruzene-
ga odbora.