davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1944-06-30

tives h a V e
been meet
ing here and
p | a n n i n g
how to build
a b e t t e r
A m e r i C a.
You get a
D o w e r f u !
feeling of the
p o w e r o t
a m G r i can
p r o g r G s.
SiVisnn in a
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1944-06-30

feeling of the II M
Wer Of
prog s. Clayton w.
siVism in Fountain
meeting of this kind.
The delegates are all CO.
operators, but they are other
things, too. We have workers,
farmers, educators, church
men and many other kinds of
Americans pitching in here to
plan for the peoples interest.
This is the way it ought to
be. People like these meet
ing here have nothing to fear
from each otker. They have
every reason to trust their
neighbor and join with him
to get a job done for the COM
mon good.
THE DIFFERENCE
If this were a meeting Of
the National Association of
Manufacturers or the United
States Chamber of Commerce.
the program under considera-
ton would be d totally diff
ferent one.
Plutocracy plans, too, but
not for the common good.
When the big-wigs of profit
enterprise get their noodles to-
gether it is for the purpose of
doping out fancier ways to
skin the public and squeeze
more profits out of the con-
Sumer.
That Is the way with profit
enterprise. Its motive is to
get the fattest possible profit
out of the consumer-and not
to serve the public interest. If
you have a loose dollar in your
pocket, the NAM and the
USCC have their eyes on it.
That is how profit enter
prise works.
PEOPLES INTEREST
But here it is different. Here
the planning is in the peoples
interest. Here the planning is
not how to get the most profit;
but how TO get the best and
greatest amount of goods and
services into the hands of the
people at the lowest possible
cost-and how to keep buy
ing power flowing into the
hands of the people, so that
they will have the where
withal to buy.
Cooperator from California
speak their piece on how this
can be done. Then the boys
from Boston get in their two
bits worth. A farmer from
Indiana kicks in with a timely
piece of information. And a
laborite from Wisconsin. or
Michigan, sounds off freely.
That's the way it is at this
meeting. We have Americans
here from the prairies, the
valleys, the mountains and the
tidewater. Some work with
their hands, in shops and on
the land; others. work with
their heads. They are all CO.
operators, here for common
purpose: to build better
America.
AS 1T SHOULD BE
And this is how things
should be planned. The best
possible way to work out a
program of social progress is
for the leaders of the various
functional groups in our soci-
ETY. to get together and do the
job.
This is the way to avert
Fascism in America. Our pop
ulation is divided into so many
diverse and powerful func-
tional groups that all are fear
full Of seeing any one group
get too much power. AS a re-
suit of this fear, groups are
always ganging up to put the
boot to some other group.
Fascism comes when the pluto
Gratis persuade the farmers,
the middle classes and others
to join with them in ganging
up on labor.
have talked to several
young farm, church and coop
leaders about this. They agree
with me. So we are planning
to do a community job of pull
ing together discussion groups
to work on a peoples pro-
gram.
Private enterprise was never
like this.
any more here in this beauti-
q q
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1944-06-30
The Story Or
The UAW-CIO
BY Melvin Nj. Schultz,
President, Local IL, UAW- -CIO.
PART 5-THE UAW IN THE WAR

Since the beginning of the emergency in
Europe, the leadership of our Union had been
advocating that we prepare for any possibility
which may ieopardize the welfare of our ma
ton by utilizing our manpower and produc-
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1944-06-30
Regional Views
BY Richard Gosser, Director,
Region 2B, UAW.CIO
YOUR VOTE

While the Republicans are yelling them
selves hoarse over their candidates for the
presidency and ce-presidency, while the
Democrats preparing to name their can
didate, while the CIO Political Action Com
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1944-06-30
It's News To Me fy 9.ss;i o; !.
PICKING A CANDIDATE

AS this is being written, the Republican National Conven-
ton sweating through its sessions in Chicago picking cand
date who is believed have gambling chance of defeating
President Roosevelt.
This being written before the candidate has been chosen
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1944-06-30
DENIS LINE UP

Democrats lining up against
the FEPC were Sens; Bank
head, Bilbo, Byrd, Connally,
Eastland, George, Hill, John
son of Colorado; Maybank,
Mcclellan, Mcclellan, Overton,
Russell and Stewart.
The COP side contributed
only Sens. Brewster, Bush
field, GTney, Holman, Milli-
kin, Robertson and White.
Voting for FEPC were these
Republicans: Aiken, Ball, Bur-
ton, Capper, Danaher, Davis,
Ferguson, Reed, Revercomb,
Shipstead, Taft, Vandenberg,
Weeks, Wherry and Wilson,
and Democrats: Barkley, Cha
vez, Gerry, Gillette, Guffey,
Hatch, Kilgore, Pepper, Rad
cliffe, Lucas, Maloney, McFar-
land, Mead, Murdock, Murray,
O'Mahoney, Thomas, Okla;
Thomas, Utah; Tunnel, Wag-
ner, Wallgren, Walsh, Mass;
Walsh, N. j.
Later the senate voted down
two amendments by Russell,
one to limit employment in
FEPC to $3.50 Negroes and the
other to stop FEPC from abro-
eating union contracts dis
eliminating against Negroes.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1944-06-30
HATES FEPC

Mcclellan is no orator, but
his hate Of FEPC and desire to
keep the debate running knew
no bounds. He got a laugh
when he said he didn't hate
the Negroes, that he wanted
all people to have the same
kind of privileges. Mcclellan
declared he wanted separate
schools and separate churches
---as a right of liberty.
Eastland advocated a fed
eral law to make Jim Crow
legal and Mcclellan agreed.
Mcclellan said that "the
white race is the superior race.
The Negro race is the inferior
race" He called for white
supremacy, just as Hitler ad-
vocated aryan supremacy.
Eastland protested what he
said was decent white girls
taking dictation i'm government
bureaus from some burr
headed, hurley Negro" and all
the FEFC foes joined in at
tacking the fact that the
agency employs many Negroes
as workers.
Sen. Walter F. George Cd.
Ga.) made a fun dress speech
designed for Republican sup
port and avoiding many of the
fascist tactics used by his coll
leagues. The senator is fire.
quently identified as the
spokesman for the Georgia
Power Co.
But the Republicans failed
to rally to the side of the poll
takers in sufficient strength
and the roll call on the amend
ment by Sen. Richard Russell
Cd. Ga.) to strike out the
FEFC from the war agency
appropriation bill lost by a
vote of 38 to 81.
Evening star., 1944-07-09
BY Raym p. Brandt


The combination of Gov. Thomas E.
Dewey of New York and Gov John w.
Bricker of Ohio promises that the Re-
publicans will have a smart, efficient
and regular" organization attacking a
defensive Franklin D. Roosevelt in the
presidential and congressional cam
paigns between now and November Z.
At this time Republican chances seem
the best since 1928.
The Republicans have four big jobs
Immediately ahead of them: First to
sell majority of the voters the idea
that Dewey, AZ years old, is big enough
to fill the Presidents chair; second,
that the Republicans would carry on
the war as effectively as the Roosevelt
regime; third, that the party has prac-
ticable plans to assure work for the vet
erans and those now engaged in war
industries, and fourth, that the present
Republican promises for postwar CO.
turn out as misleading as Hardings
promises in 1920.
The first job will be the hardest be-
cause of Dewey's icy personality. 1t
didn't click with the convention crowd
and never has with the great majority
of newspapermen associated with him
during the past 10 years. Perhaps the
key to this was the recent statement of
his former high school principal at
Owosso, Mich, that Dewey always
seemed to do everything right but he
was so egotistical-and understandably
so-that none of his classmates liked
him." Despite this handicap, which
Evening star., 1944-07-09
US. Party to Nine Plans
To Solve Postwar Issues
Form Part of Foundation of What May Become
World Congress-Wide Variety of
Subjects Already Being Discussed
By Sierid Arne.

free trade area, and brisk trade is the
main objective of most of today's inter-
national planning
Other Subjects Arise.
The United Nations will have to con-
fer on several other subjects: Aviation,
world trade, cartels, a United Nations
bank which would make loans to ma
tions.
There is common feeling that some
conference must be held to redraw Eu-
ropes borders. That would be the
meeting most comparable to the Ver-
sailles conference. But corridor talk
says now that Russia may be left to
write whatever agreements she can get
from her neighbors, and other bi-lateral
agreements may develop.
There also will have to be agreement
over peace terms for Japan and the
Axis, how long the Allies will occupy
the countries. what limitations will be
put on their industrial life Ito prevent
new armament MANUFACTURER and so
on.
Each agreement will result in some
international committee to assist the
nations in working together-and such
committees completely voluntary con-
stitute the world congress" or world
state" in immediate prospect.
Distributed by the Associated Press.
Evening star., 1944-07-09
BY George Fort Milton.

George Fort Milton has written
several notable volumes on Amer
ican history, which include biog-
raphies of Andrew jackson and
Stephen A. Douglas and a history
of the American Civil War.
In his latest work, published in
April by Little, Brown g. Co. of Bos-
ton, THE Use of Presidential Pow
er, 1789-1943," he traces from its
beginning the history of the presi-
dency. BY focusing attention in the
varied and extensive use of the
powers by eight occupants Of the
White House, Washington, Jeffer-
son, Jackson. Lincoln, Cleveland.
Theodore Roosevelt, Wilson and
F. D. R.. he shows how the presi-
dency of the United States has
grown into one of the most powerful
public offices in the world today.
Evening star., 1944-07-09
Seeks Self-Help
FEA Moves to Ease Re.
lief Abroad
BY James Bivchfeld,

European nations being liberated
from Nazi control are expected soon to
become 80 per cent sufficient under
an Allied program of agricultural re-
habilitation, thus reducing the drain on
the United States and other surplus
producing countries in the early post
war period.
This is the opinion of agriculture
experts with the Foreign Economic
Agency, which is charged with rebuild
Ing the agricultural structure of the
xis-dominated nations of the world,
as, one by one, they are freed from the
yoke OF the oppressors. And to
strengthen this theory they point to
North Africa and Sicily. now beginning
to send grain and seeds into Italy.
AS chief of the FEA's ONCE of Food
Programs, Herbert W. Parisius believes
that for lasting rehabilitation nations
must help themselves. AS director of
the program, which ultimately will
touch in some way every nation In the
world, Mr.. Parisius must put into oper-
alton the processes that will result in
agricultural Decentralization.
These processes, briefly, consist of
aiding the governmental agencies in
recently freed nations as quickly as pos
sible to establish their agriculture; pro-
vlding the necessary tools and seeds.
and getting small industries related to
agriculture into operation once again.
1t is in this way 1t is believed that once
contributors to their less fortunate
neighbors
Task Jointly Handled.
This job is done jointly at first by
FEA and UNRRA, with FEA being
chiefly concerned in the early phases
with the United States supply questions
and UNRRA with the overall planning
and administration.
Mr.. Parisius brings to his task a wide
background in agricultural rehabilita-
ton. AS Farm Security Administra-
ton regional director in Wisconsin, he
helped thousands of families carve
homes out of the wilderness, and later,
as director Of Secretary Wickard's Food
Production Administration he outlined
program of increased agricultural
production based on aid to the small
income families throughout the Nation.
He resigned from the Agriculture De-
partment early last year when Mr..
Wickard failed to adopt this program.
At the formation of Herbert Leh-
mans relief agency, Mr.. Parisius was
sent to North Africa to make a survey
of the possibilities of food production
there, On his return ne predicted that
Algiers and Sicily could aid in supplying
food to starving Europe. Despite the fact
that military operations disrupted agri-
cultural production in North Africa and
Sicily, the areas are rapidly being re-
habilitated, and North African grains
and seeds are beginning to move into
Evening star., 1944-07-09

which swept out the Federalists in the
1900 election.
Needless to say, both party leaders
and rank and file expected the electoral
college to make Jefferson President and
Aaron Burr Vice President. But. due to
the defect of the Constitution"-the
phrase is Hamiltons-the electoral COL
lege could not dif1erentiate, their votes
were equal, and the presidential choice
was thrown to the House. Jefferson
finally won, and the people changed the
system through the 18th amendment,
so that the same party could elect
President and Vice President without
danger that partisan cabal might
switch their places.
This effected a major change in the
character of the Federal Government
The founding fathers had hoped for a
general government without parties or
factions, but the French Revolution had
divided our people, and the 1900 election
consolidated party control.
Four Main Duties.
In the nature of things, this magnifed
the importance Of the President, and
diminished that Of the No. z man.
Viewed through the lens Of the Consti-
tuition, the President had four main
commitments: AS Chief of State. he is
the temporary embodiment of national
sovereignty. As Chief of Government,
he must take care that the laws be
faithfully executed and act about as
British Prime Minister. His duties as
sole organ of relations with foreign
nations are Of great Importance. Even
more so, in time of war or civil commo-
ton are those as Commander in Chief
of the Army and Navy of the United
States and the organized militia when
called into Federal service.
After 1900. however, the President has
had two further roles to perform. In as
much as his first step to the Office is the
nomination by political party, his first
great grant of power Is that of the
leadership Of the party which picked
him. Jefferson's chief tool for ruling
the country was the Democratic caucus
on Capitol Hill, and he spent as much
time with the party whips as with the
cabinet. The second new task was to
lead public opinion, so that pressure
could be brought on the National Legis-
lature to go along with the Presidents
plans.
Great as are the official commitments
of the Constitution, the experience of
the IA years since Jefferson entered the
White House would seem to indicate
that the Presidents principal sources
of power and prestige. stem out of his
control Of his party and leadership of
opinion. The great Presidents have had
one or both of these unofficial powers.
Evening star., 1944-07-09
SMART ORGANIZATION GIVES COP BEST CHANCE SINCE

cost him dearly at the Philadelphia con-
vention four years ago, he proved him.
self vote getter in New York when he
won the Governorship in 1912 by
majority of 1895 over the Democratic
candidate, John j. Bennett, jr, and by
243786 If the votes for Dean Alfange,
American Labor Party candidate, are
combined with the Democratic, as they
probably will be this year in the presi-
dental election.
Excellent Campaign Setup.
The Dewey -Bricker ticket, plus the
vague, compromising and on some points
conflicting platform, is an almost perfect
setup for the type of campaign the smart
Republican politicians hope to conduct
during the next four months. It permits
them to work both sides of the street and
to cut few corners If necessary. The
New York crowd made few mistakes,
none of them major, arranging for
the Dewey draft" by the Chicago con-
vention and they are not likely to give
the Democrats a chance to capitalize
strategic political errors with the ma
tiOnal vote at stake.
Compared with the Hoover-Curtis or
ganization in 1892, that of Landon and
Knox in 1896 and that of Willkie and
McNary in 1910, the Dewey -Bricker
combination could be expected to 60
places if it were not for the war. At this
writing only the most foolhardy politi-
cal observer would dare forecast of
the November outcome. The deciding
factors are subject only for guessing and
wishful thinking. They are: What will
b the voters reaction 10 Dowey's com.
Evening star., 1944-07-09

only the field marshal, who will try to
execute the strategies and tactics worked
out by a general staff composed of
Dewey, as commander in chief: J. Rus
sell Sprague, 40 years old, New York
national committeeman: Edwin F.
Jackie, 81, New York State chairman;
John Foster Dulles, 56, corporation law
yer and "internationalist," one Of
Dewey's most intimate friends; Charles
D. Breitel. SO. the Governors counsel;
Elliot v. Bell, AZ, former New York news
paperman, now State superintendent of
banks; Paul E. Lockwood, AZ, the Gov
ernors executive assistant and general
utility man, and James c. Hagerty, 36,
the Governors public relations secretary,
who is as popular with the working press
as his boss is unpopular.
In addition, Dewey, personally or by
delegation Of authority, will benefit from
combined chiefs of stan hG liaison
with the congressional and senatorial
Republican Campaign Committees. re-
spectively chairmaned by Representative
Charles L. Halleck of Indiana, A years
old, and former Senator John Town.
send, jr., of Delaware, 70 years old, who
knows how to raise campaign funds.
From Congress also, he will have the
experienced advice of Representative
Joseph w. Martin, jr., House minority
leader; Senator Robert A. Taft, who put
through the platform at Chicago without
discussion or objection; Senator Arthur
H. Vandenberg Of Michigan and Sena-
tor Warren Austin Of Vermont. The
two last named were authors Of the
partys foreign policy plank.
Evening star., 1944-07-09

The virtually unanimous nomination
left no hard feelings after the conven.
tion, except perhaps from the minor
hare-up over the refusal of Coy. Earl
Warren Of California to take the vice
presidential nomination. From mast
performances of the principals and the
general plans already made public, it is
possible to forecast the general stra
and tactics of the Republicans, subject
always to the fact that the various
methods OF attack will be determined in
some instances by the defensive CAM
paign decided upon by President Roose-
velt and his headquarters.
Dewey is expected to confine his
major speeches to less than a dozen
beginning after Labor Day. The latest
word from Albany is that he will Use the
alrplane and the radio. He has planned
no handshaking tour to meet the peonle
and to let people see him. His radio
voice is distinctive asset, and makes
him a far better campaigner than
Hoover, Landon or Willkie. Because of
the few public appearances and the Use
OF the radio his will be an intellectual
appeal to the voters. The emotional
fireworks, the backslapping and lesser
political conferences dear to the hearts
OF the local leaders will be left tn
Bricker, who has Middle Western flair
for that sort Of thing.
Bricker, an indefatigable campaipner
OF the old school, can handle the
domestic issues on the hustings while
Dewey takes a more lofty view. The
ohioan, as shown by his preconven-
Evening star., 1944-07-09

paign methods. and what will be the
status of the war in Europe and in the
Pacific when the voters make their
choice These unpredictables cannot be
met by the most efficient organization.
That the new Republican organization
will be regular" was demonstrated by
Dewey's conduct at Chicago where he
personally talked to each member of
the National Committee and to every
State chairman and vice chairman who
remained after the nomination. Before
the committee acted on the slate of off,
GERS prepared by Dewey; Bricker and a
subcommittee, the nominee made an
informal-and not very inspiring-pep
talk promising victory If everybody
worked together. There are plans now
for meeting in August of Republican
Governors, which Dewey will attend, to
work arrangements for their active par
ticipation in the national campaign.
Youthful Organization.
Contrasted with the one-man or
ganization that Willkie tried to run
in 1910 and with Landons amateurish
and bush league methods in 1896 the
Dewey program has all the earmarks
Of big-time, professional operation,
sparked by comparatively young men,
like National Committeeman Barak T.
Mattingly of Missouri, who have their
regulations to make and are not un-
duly awed by the overwhelming Demo-
cratic victories of the past IL years.
The executive of the new organization
will be Dewey's own man, Herbert
Brownell, jr, 40 years old, the new ma.
tonal chairman. Hs, howsvsr, Win bs
Evening star., 1944-07-09

Many good ones
have failed because
Of their lack.
Nine Vice Presi-
dents Ahave become
President. Three did
SO by election after
having served a full
term in the second
ofnce-John Adams,
Jefferson and Van
Buren. In the first
two cases, each was
q party leader In
his own right, as
was Little Van" by
Jackson's command.
Each Of the three
became President in
such a way that he
had no trouble in
remaining chief of
party, or in securing
appropriate public
response.
Six Vice Presi-
dents entered the
White House be-