davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1944-11-05
Jap Army May Have Forced
Navy Into Disastrous Fight
Admiral Hart Believes Isolated Garrisons May
Have Brought Decision to Risk Fleet
in Philippine Battle

admiral Thomas C. Hart, COM
n,ander in chief of the Asiatic Fleet
during the first feU months OF the
Uar, was interviewed by the Asso-
cidted Press concerning the recent
naval actions near the Philippines.
He adpised that only the Nauy's
leaders toho were participants in
those actions are thus far qualified
to talk nuthoritdtirely on the subject
and for that reason Das reluctant to
speculate. HoiDeDer, the ddmiraPs
UieDs Uere, in part, as follotDs)
By admiral Thomas C. Hart
First, as regards the motivation of
the japanese leadership and the thought
behind the recent venture of their feet
coming out as far as It did,
In the background lies the fact that
Japans sea power was in q desperate
state. American submarines have been
whiting away at Jap shipping ever
since December 7, 1941. They have car
ried the war right home to Japans
front door ever since it began, and the
traction OF shipping which remains must
be far too small for Jap necessities.
The loss inflicted by our submarines is
probably the most important single
factor in our success in advancing the
war theater to where it now lies.
Another thing: AS every one now
knows, not only sea power but fighting
power on the ground and in the air alb
solutely depend upon petroleum prod
ucts. The only large source of oil open
to Japan has been the East Indian
fields. Our own advance across the Pa
ciflc has more and more imperiled that
vital supply line, and our last step into
the Philippines begins to cut down to
the very bone.
Every one has realized that at some
stage in the war the Jap feet would
come out with all that 1t had left after
the attrition which our aircraft, sub
marines and surface ships have been
inflicting upon 1t from the Midway &C.
ton and the hard campaign in the
Solomons on to the present time. The
question has been, when and where
would the Japs make their venture
and why?
There was in the picture the element
OF desperation. Japan's general situa-
ton was enough for that. Also there
may have been special despair. The
Japanese Army has lost many thou
sands, either killed on the spot or hope
lessly marooned on islands in the Pa
cific, whom the Jap Navy was forced
TO abandon to their fate.
1t Is quite safe to assume that the
army, in certain echelons. has been
blaming and demanding that the jap
fleet get out there and fight. However,
1t is not necessary to fix upon despair
as the motivation of the recent jap
Navy adventure. The decision may
have been coldly calculated.
Our naval forces covering the inva-
sion OF the Philippines had already
been long at sea. Particularly was that
Evening star., 1944-11-05
LaSt-Minute Break Unlikely

by the people, not by superannuated
Old mummy of judge and Jesuit at
that"
Replied Southern Democrat: You
stand here today perjured villain and
a Negro thief into the bargain"
Came the 1864 Lincoln Mcclellan
race. A Democratic politician, address.
ing meeting at Hartford, Conn, said
OF the President: Il come to arraign
for high political crimes and low par
tisan misdemeanors the village politi-
clan who is Commander in Chief of the
Army and the Navy
In 1872 the Democrats nominated
Horace Greeley, who had been an ard
ent abolitionist, to run against Presi-
dent Grant. Greeley's own New York
Tribune said: THE man who has now
received the highest honor of the DEM
cratic party, few years ago would
have been hanged to the nearest lamp
post if he entered South Carolina or
Georgia"
Democratic cartoons pictured Presi-
dent Grant surrounded by empty whis-
ky bottles and having difficulty in stand
ing up straight.
The hot 1912 campaign reached cli-
max when a political crank shot Teddy
Roosevelt as he left hotel in Mill
waukee to go to a political meeting.
The Rough Rider insisted on delivering
his speech despite slight bullet wound
in his chest
In 1916 there was whisper-moneer-
ing that President Wilson was "a
lady's man." In 1920 the chairman of
the Ohio Republican State COMMITTEES
accused Ohio Democrats of distributing
leaflets alleging that Presidential Cam
didate Warren Harding had Negro
blood
In 1928 Republican Nominee Herbert
Hoover denounced a politician for
spreading a story that he had danced
with negress. The politician said he
made no direct statement to that ef-
feet" Religious prejudice kept bobbing
up in connection with the campaign of
Alfred E, Smith, first Catholic to be
nominated for the presidency.
One story went the rounds that
Smith, If elected, would have a private
wire installed connecting the White
House and the Vatican and that he
would take his orders from the Pope.
Republican leaders disavowed any con-
nection with this and other whispers
However, really fine note In the
1923 campaign was the attitude of
Charles Evans Hughes He urged
Hoover's election but insisted that
Smith, as well as Hoover, represented
the best in American political tradition.
distributed by Associated Press.)
Evening star., 1944-11-05
Bv Thomas F. Hasckins,

Who has Just completed more than three
years duty in Switzerland.
LONDON-Moscow gave Switzerland
sharp, clear signal of difficulties ahead
in the postwar world when she gave
the presence of Swiss representatives
as part of her reason for refusing to
attend the Chicago Aviation Confer
ence.
The Swiss government declared its
surprise" that she should be classed
with Spain as an unfriendly nation
with whom Russia did not care to deal.
Actually, there was no real surprise
Swiss Socialists for months have urged
the necessity of getting right with
Russia" clearly recognizing that Soviet
power would be one of the greatest
influences in reshaping Europe.
The government, in parliamentary
discussion only few weeks ago, agreed
but contended that neutrality, as de-
fined in Switzerland, forbade negotia-
tions for establishment of diplomatic
relations, never existent since the
Soviet revolution began" until after
the war.
Moscow, with its current rebuke, ap-
pears, as most Swiss will view it, to
have made clear that the question of
relations, or anything else, will be
opened when, or if, Moscow wishes it.
Afraid of Russia.
The Swiss have kept their neutral
policy fully recognized by Britain and
the United States. Through diplomatic
negotiations with these two powers,
they curtailed shipment of materials
to Germany. Agreements on economic,
monetary and other questions were
made, on give and take basis, over
the past three years.
Mostly conservative, well pleased with
their own way of life, Switzerland long
has been afraid of Russia, in part be-
cause of economic losses sustained
during the revolution. 1t is probable
that majority of the Swiss still are
afraid.
Nevertheless, an organization to pro-
mote trade with Russia recently was
started by private businessmen.
Many Swiss believe the postwar
period will be far more difficult for
them than was the war.
Switzerland is the luxury spot of
warning Europe. Restaurant tables are
laden with good food. Diplomats still
throw swanky parties. One can dress
smartly. There is no question of find
ing drink, only of deciding which
kind.
The Swiss do lack things: Coffee is
sharply rationed, although readily OBJ
tanned in London. Sugar and fats are
supplied in barely SUFFICIENT quantity.
Some Unemployment.
Difficulties of export are beginning to
cause unemployment and there is SUI
fering among the poor, many Of whom
cannot afford their ration limits and
subsist on bread, cheese and ersatz blood
sausage. Lack Of coal means growing
hardship. Government assistance helps
those in difficulties.
The country, even before the Russian
outburst, has been keeping hopeful
but skeptical eye on Allied postwar
plans.
Speaking German, French and Ital-
ian, the Swiss consider themselves. the
,
Evening star., 1944-11-05
Russian Course Puzzles
United Nations Conferees
Attitude at Conferences Held to Indicate Doubts
of Associates or Plan of Moscow's
Own Still Undisclosed
By Sigrid Arne.

The Russians have taken such a
unique course through the United Ma
tions conferences held so far that
they've been the subject of much back
room conjecture.
The best example is the two con-
ferences of the United Nations Re-
lief and Rehabilitation Administration
(UNRRA).
Russia is the only invaded nation
which has not yet presented list of
needs to UNRRA. Yet through all the
conferences the Russian delegations
have pied special case, claiming the
Soviets have suffered the greatest de-
struction.
The nations which receive UNRRA
supplies have agreed to permit UNRRA
to supervise distribution. It's generally
supposed this is the stumbling block for
Moscow politicians.
There's Polish side issue on relief.
The Poles are the only semiliberated
people who so far are getting no clothes
and food. The Greeks Italians and
French are getting aid from the British
anu AHleTlCdl Armies.
The Soviet argument is that the Rus
slams have so little themselves.
Russia Wants to Act.
In June UNRRA asked whether 1t
might send supplies into Poland. Mos
COW ignored the messages, so the Polish
American Relief Societies appealed to
the Russian War Relief, in New York,
which cabled Moscow and received
reply that Polish aid could come in and
be distributed by the Moscow-sponsored
Polish Committee for National Liberia
ton. American Poles have hesitated.
If the Moscow Poles are given this dis
tribution job, their hand would be
strengthened as against the Polish exile
government in London.
At Montreal the Russians asked that
relief priorities be granted those who
have suffered the most" How to de-
termine that?
The Russians were beaten on this
motion by the British and Americans,
who wrote resolution that put UNRRA
back on a policy of handing out food
to whoever is hungry.
But the Russians won per cent
reduction (s575000) in the amount they
were supposed to contribute to the
administrative budget of UNRRA for
l945. Other hard-hit countries-like
Norway and the Netherlands-kept the
same assessments.
Displaced Persons a Worry.
displaced persons" are big Euro
pean worry: Those who have been
forced to leave their homes. In Lon
don, exile governments are circulat-
ing an agreement to treat each others
citizens equally while they're waiting
to get home. Russia announced she'd
rather sign with each country sepa-
rately
Evening star., 1944-11-05

FIVE million. In individual States 1t
could easily upset results of the civilian
voting, If the latter were close. How
ever, it is expected that soldiers from
Vermont for example, win vote more
heavily Republican than Democratic,
and soldiers from Texas will vote more
heavily Democratic. Too wide a spec
ulation on the soldier vote, therefore,
does not seem warranted.
Another factor that must be weighed
is the migration Of workers from one
State to another to take jobs in war
plants. Workers from a Republican
area, moving into another State might
help the Republican ticket and vice
versa.
Racial groups this year show signs
of shifting party allegiance of four years
ago. This is true, for example, of the
Italian-Americans, many of whom are
no longer supporting President Roose-
velt as they did. There is some anxiety
on the part of Democrats over the Po-
lish vote which hitherto has been
strongly Democratic.
While the Republicans have worked
hard to win back the Negro vote in
Northern States, the preponderance of
evidence is that the bulk of that vote
will continue to Mr.. Roosevelt.
Chairman Hannegan of the Demo-
cratic National Committee has predicted
that the President will actually carry
more States than he did in 1910 against
the late Wendell L. Willkie, who won in
10. He sticks to this prediction, despite
the fact that many other Democratic
leaders feel the race will be much
closer.
Chairman Brownell Of the Republi-
can National Committee, who conducted
the Dewey campaign in New York In
1912, is not only confident that his CAN
didate will carry the Empire State but
also that he will win the presidency.
He has given no estimate Of electoral
votes he expects Dewey to win.
Evening star., 1944-11-05
By Alexander r. Georee.

The battle for the presidency, which
got on to a tame start, is rolling to a
red-hot finish. Will a last-minute sur
prise move, or a political blunder per-
chance, sway enough voters to turn the
tide for Gov. Dewey or for President
Roosevelt?
An unexpected development might do
the trick in a neck -and-neck race like
this one appears to be, but it has rarely
happened that ay. Only one late-in-
the-campaign incident is generally rec
ognized as causing the loss of the presi-
dency. That was the rum, Romanism
and rebellion" affair during the James
G. Blaine race in 1884
Republican Blaine, brilliant speaker
looked to be the winner when he in
vaded the New York State home grounds
OF Democratic Candidate Grover Cleve-
land. Just six days before the election
the Rev. Samuel D. Burchard, address,
ing Republican rally in a New York
City hotel, described the Democrats as
the party of rum, Romanism and re-
bellion.''
Failed to Disavow.
Blaine, who spoke at the same meet
ing, failed to make an immediate dis
avowal Of Burchard's statement. His
opponents quickly capitalized on the
insinuation that Roman Catholics we're
connected with the liquor traffic and
revolt against the Government Blaine
lost New York State by 1,149 votes and,
along with it, the presidency.
President Wilson's narrow victory over
Charles Evans Hughes in 1916 was as
cribed by some to the latter's failure
to call on Hiram Johnson while cam
paigning in California. johnson was
a popular leader of the States Bull
Moose Progressives. If Hughes, the Re-
publican candidate, had carried Cali
fornia he would have won.
Bitterness has mounted in the last
few weeks of this years campaign but
compared with the gun-toting, invec-
tive-hurling and SANDER -mongering of
the old days, present-day electioneering
is as decorous as a college debating
match.
1856 Battle Hot.
Let's look back to 1856, when the
newly organized Republican party waged
Its first contest for the presidency:
Controversy over extension of slavery
Is at shooting stage in bleeding Kan
sas.' Moderate leaders on both sides
urge conciAation, but most campaign
ers pour 1t on. An abolitionist Senator
from Massachusetts, declares that
President Pierce goes to the Demo-
cratic convention with the burning
dwellings of Kansas flashing upon his
brazen brow"
James Buchanans and John G. FIRE.
mont's partisans tight 1t out with bowie
knives. Republicans hail Fremont as
the lion OF California and call his
opponent. Buchanan, the jackass.
The 1860 campaign found the Nation
on the brink of civil war. Referring
to the bred Scott decision Of Chief
Justice Taney, Republican repre-
sentative from Illinois said In the
House: THE Constitution was ordained
Evening star., 1944-11-05
Schools Taken Over

The Slovak National Council In Ban.
ska Bystrica has ordered all schools Of
all categories in the liberated Slovakian
territory to be taken over by the state.
German and Hungarian minority schools,
higher than the elementary status, es.
tablished even before the time of the
Munich agreement, have been closed.
Evening star., 1944-11-05
Pennsylvania on Line
By Charles G. Wheeler.

HARRISBURG, Nov. 4-The presi-
Dental campaign in Pennsylvania comes
to close with both parties claiming a
victory next Tuesday, but with the Re-
publicans appearing to have a great
deal more confidence In the results than
the Democrats, There is no evidence
that the labor vote, upon which the
Democratic State headquarters has been
relying largely to keep the Common
wealth in the Democratic column, is to
do the trick. This vote is split in the
mining sections and in the steel indus
trial areas.
appearance this week of Philip MUIR
ray, CIO head, at local Democratic
dinner, 1t was announced, would attract
5000 union labor voters to hear his
speech. There were about 1000 diners
but the extensive galleries open to the
public contained only 1000 persons.
The Democrats have been counting
upon the C1O-PAC to pull them through.
Their State headquarters has been In
active as compared with the unusual
hustle about the Republican headqvar-
ters.
Political leaders Of the Democrats and
Continued On Pass Ca Column a.
Evening star., 1944-11-05
New York on Line
BIZ Michael lnrnH

NEW YORK, Nov. 4-The presidential
race in New York State was so close
that veteran predicters were shying
away from forecasting as the campaign
ended, although betting sentiment still
gave slight edge to President Roosevelt.
This was surprising because all the
latest polls indicated a drift toward
Gov. Dewey. The Daily News poll,
sampling per cent of the indicate vote,
gave Dewey a full percentage point lead
over the President. This would mean
in the neighborhood of $4,000 votes.
The only poll to give President Roose-
velt big edge was confidential survey
made by the CIO. This forecast an
800,000 plurality for Roosevelt in New
York City, as compared to his 724,000
against Wendell Willkie in 1910. How
accurate the survey is, is open to ques-
tion, but the figures stack up fairly we'll
with the expectations of professional
politicians as to districts, although, of
course. they are on the generous side
If the CLOS forecast is realized, it
Roosevelt in New York. To offset such
a plurality Dewey would have to run
two to one or better upstate
The ofiicial party predictions were
being held off until election eve, of
course, but National Committeeman Ed
ward F. Flynn weighed in as the week
ended with claim of 100000 plurality
for Roosevelt. If the CIO figures on
the city are accurate, that would be
about Notwithstanding Dewey runs as
well as Willkie did north of the city
line.
Republicans are confident that he will
run even better. They find evidence of
disaffection in some upstate cities, par
ticularly in the Buffalo area, which
Roosevelt must carry or run we'll in If
he's to have chance.
Evening star., 1944-11-05

This table Is the conclusions
stars POLITICAL sorIespondep differs the
leaning to Dewey.
The stars special
for Roosevelt.
The Stars special Massachusetts Mehsan.
Minnesota and Oklahoma doubtful.
Evening star., 1944-11-29
War Bonds
Continued From First Page.)

grocer-that the Treasury wants
most. These are the bonds that
fight the war against imitation, as
well as the war against the Japanese
and Germans" they explained.
Volunteer statesmen were urged to
intensity their efforts to sell e.
Bonds and to make prompt and fire.
quent. reports.
The War Finance Committee also
announced today the totals raised
by some of the bond selling groups
in Washington-"the groups that do
the really hard work of the drive,
selling the little bonds"
Lansburgh Workers Invest S195. 900.
Employees Of Lansburgh g. Bros.
store have subscribed a total of
s195 900 in bonds. Participating in
the retail stores campaign of the
Sd Army I'll employees of Lans-
burgh's have sold enough bonds to
oe awarded the rank of general"
two Of them four-star generals.
The four-star generals are Mrs.
Anna Scrosso, 1908 S street Sc.
who has sold 5000 in bonds, and
Mrs. Mary Puffer, 5000 Sixteenth
Evening star., 1944-11-29
Parliament
Continued From First Page.)

vigor and immense losses have
been inflicted on the enemy"
Allied Losses Recalled.
The Allies, too. had suffered, he
declared, adding there had been ap-
proximately 10000 British and
Canadian casualties in the drive
into Holland and Germany.
Victory remains our supreme
AIM the King said.
Once, however, the war in Europe
is over, the transition from war to
peace will begin and my ministers
are actively preparing plans to in
sure that, without In any way pre-
iudicing the active prosecution OF
the war against Japan. an increasing
part of our resources is made avail
able for civilian production"
These words opened what already
has been termed the victory ses-
sion" of the fourth longest Parlia-
ment in British history.
The King, in his traditional
speech from the throne" declared
the United Nations could nov look
Evening star., 1944-11-29

forward with greater confidence
than ever before to those final vic
tories which will give to the peoples
of the world the just peace which
Is our chief desire"
He wore the gold braided uniform
of an admiral of the Royal Navy.
The Queen, still in mourning for
her father, wore a simple black
dress and black hat at the colorful
ceremonies in the House of Lords
debating chamber. She wore silver
fox wrap, row of pearls and a
Fdiamond ornament on her lapel.
Home guardsmen lined the ap-
proaches to the royal gallery.
Speaks for 13 Minutes.
The Kings speech lasted 13
minutes and as he finished the
entire assembly rose.
King George reviewed briefly the
events Of the year since he opened
the last session on November "a,
1943-a session from which Prime
Minister Churchill was absent be-
cause of the impending conferences
in Cairo.
Looking ahead. he forecast leg
islation for comprehensive health
service, national insurance. a new
scheme of industrial injury insur-
ance, family allowances and some
measures for the transition period
after the war with Germany. Among
these he mentioned expanding ex-
port trade and increasing the sup
ply of civilian goods.
In general, the King did not go
beyond the words of his prorogation
speech Of yesterday-a ceremony
covered by censorship in order not
to disclose to the enemy that the
royal family would travel to West
minister again today.
Allies Praised.
However, in disbanding the ninth
session of the current Parliament
yesterday he made special point OF
praising Britain's allies.
"Resounding victories have con-
tinued to reward the skill and valor
Vi lily fLuSSldll d12lCo, ilC coAa' dAio
added later that he had watched
with warm admiration the great
part which the French Forces of
the Interior have played in ridding
their country of the invader"
The victories achieved" he said,
ARE the fruits of the close friendship
which knits together my govern
ments and those of my Allies"
The King said he had welcomed
the establishment of a provisional
government in France and the ap-
pointment of a permanent French
member on the European Advisory
Commission.
He reported on the agreement to
from a United Nations Maritime
Authority, 50 that the combined
shipping resources of all would be
available for the prosecution of the
wars against Germany and Japan.
He spoke of the Dumbarton Oaks
agreement on an international Or
ganiZation designed to maintain
peace, and stressed the need for an
enlightened international settlement
under which civil air transport will
flourish"
Evening star., 1944-11-29
versial issues Of its s4th annual

versial issues Of its 64th annual
convention.
Debates on racial discrimination,
national wage policy and peace with
the CIO and John l.. Lewis United
Mine Workers enlivened yesterdays
session, clearing the way for the
calmer business before the delegates,
who hope to end their two-week
session by tomorrow night
President William Green, in a
fervant bid for union with the CIO
and United Mine Workers, offered to
quit If 1t would lead to labor solidar-
ity.
Postwar plans for placing return
ing veterans In jobs, sustaining