davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1944-07-20
Sees
Budget Surplus
Of 100000
Record Report Due
This Week; increased
Assessments Likely
By the Assoeiated Press.


ANNAPOLIS, Nd, July 2o.-A
record-hreaking budget surplus Of
$1,000, 900 for the fiscal year ended
June 30 Is expected to be revealed
this week In the annual fiscal report
by State Controller j. Millard
Tawes, Gov. O'Conor's office has
revealed.
The previous record was set for
the fiscal year of 1s4l, when the
surplus reached $1,l02 ,9s5.
The surplus, . statement de.
clared, would comprise unex-
pended departmental budget allot.
ments and would raise to more
than $3.50, 900 the total sum re-
turned to the State treasury from
departmental and agency budget
allotments since Gov. O'Conor took
ONCE.
Under State law, such funds must
revert to the treasury.
Refreshments Are Under Way.
Meanwhile, Robert France, State
Tax Commission chairman, revealed
In Baltimore that property reassess-
ments under way In the State under
terms of 1943 General Assembly
enactment likely will result in in
creased valuations generally on both
real and personal property.
The General Assembly law pro-
vided for reassessment OF one-fifth
OF each county every year 70 rs to
complete q cycle every five years.
Queen Annes and Montgomery
Counties already have completed
their work for 1914, Mr.. France said,
Some little raise" in valuations
could be expected in Queen Annes
County, County Chief Assessor
Harry Reynolds reported, while H.
Gerald Mueller, chief supervisor Of
assessments to the Safe commission.
said values also had been raised in
Montgomery County. Specific fig-
ures were unavailable.
Increase Is Expected.
We know from past experience
that the general assessment over
the State is going to be higher. In
some instances 1t is going to be
substantially higher, in others lust
q slight increase" Mr.. Mueller said.
Mr.. France commented that the
new valuations would be reflected
In next years tax bills, but that
the full effect of the new reassess.
ment statute would not be known
until the first cycle was completed
more than four years hence.
Evening star., 1944-07-20

while driving the Japanese from
Saipan and the Solomon, Gilbert
and Marshall Islands.
Mrs. Roosevelt told the veterans
OF Pacific battles the President had
asked her to tell them:
Everywhere in the world our
forces have done things we thought
impossible when the war began.
Every one in this country is proud
Of you for this and Is hoping that
Evening star., 1944-07-20

your convalescence here will be
speedy"
Mrs Roosevelt learned details OF
the battle for Saipan f1rst-hand
from 1t. Col. Evans F.. Carlson,
marine raider leader. who Is con-
valescing at the hospital from
wounds received at Saipan. During
her visit with Col. Carlson she was
accompanied by hen son. Col. James
Roosevelt. who served with the
marine leader during a raid on
Maxim Island.
Evening star., 1944-07-20
Bans
Older BoysFron1
Fairgrounds
Signs Of VondoIism
At Several Schools
Bring Ruling

Evidence Of vandalism 1T several
Alexandra schools has resulted In
the banning of boys over 13 years of
age from three Fairgrounds during
the summer.
The ban, announced yesterday by
the City Recreation Department,
excludes the older boys from play
grounds ut the Washington Ele-
mentary School, 400 South WASH
ington street; Douglas A. Mac
Arthur Elementary School for de-
fense workers children, on Janneys
lane near the Cameron Valley and
Chinquapin Village housing prof.
ects, and at Maury Elementary
School, 5l2 Russell road.
The Recreation Department said
the youths still may use the play
grounds at the George Mason
School, 2601 Cameron Mills road;
Jefferson School, Cameron and West
streets. and Mount Vernon School,
2426 Mount Vernon avenue, where
adequate supervision Is provided by
playground directors.
City school board ofI,cials reported
that since the close OF schools -
window panes have been broken
and other damage was done by van
dals at Washington School. Board
omcials said several boys, all over
Is, who were responsible were ap-
pretended and have agreed to pay
for the damage.
At the Maury and Macarthur
Schools, ofncials said, interior
equipment was damaged and the
buildings were defaced. They said
no persons have yet been caught iu
connection with this damage.
Ofncials said no estimates OF the
damages have been made. They
said repair work has been started at
Washington School and charges TO,
work will be made rs soon as 1t i,
completed. Watchmen have beer
assigned to the schools, it was said
Alexandra police of,1cials said that
minor breakage Of school Windows
during the summer has been report
ed In the past.
Evening star., 1944-07-20
Mrs. Roosevelt Visits
Wounded in San Diego
BY the Associated Press

BY the Associated Press
SAN DIEGO, Calf, July 20.-Mrs.
Eleanor Roosevelt paid a surprise
visit to The San Diego Naval Hospi-
tai yesterday to convey the thanks
OF the President to the Navy. Ma
rine and Coast Guard men wounded
Evening star., 1944-08-23
Ruhr Problem

The problem OF the control Of the
Ruhr to which Governor Dewey has
directed attention, is not new. A
long standing rivalry between Ger
many and France is involved in the
matter. The river itself is tribu-
tary of the Rhine, and the whole
issue of the disposition of the larger
stream sooner or later must be con-
sidefed in relation to the restora-
ton and the maintenance of an
equitable peace in Europe.
Mr.. Dewey naturally knows that
"the heart of Germany's ability to
wage war" was a subject of discus
sion at the Versailles conference in
1919. The French at that place and
time argued that the so-called
"Westphalian basin" was "the hub
OF the German iron and steel in
dustry" and that the entirety of it
should be occupied Instead, the
decision was to hold only the
Rhine's left bank. But the French,
acting independently, took over ap-
proximately all of the area at which
they aimed in 1921 and during 1928
and 1924. BY the end of the last
mentioned year, they held approx
mately forty-two thousand square
kilometers of land, the cities of
Duisburg, Ruhrot and Dusseldorf
and about four million Germans
resident in the neighborhood.
France, in dealing with the diff
Guilty in her own way, confessedly
was not abiding by the Wilsonian
principle of self determination;
but her procedure was justified on
pragmatic grounds. The Ruhr is
very closely related to Lorraine.
Before the First World War, the
same concerns operated the mines
and foundries of both districts. The
Versailles Treaty cut that connec-
ton. Ruhr coal and coke were
separated from Lorraine ores.
France somewhat desperately at
tempted to bring these materials
together again under her own spe-
cif1c management. Results were
not what the French expected. The
Dawes Committee finally worked
out an admittedly imperfect solu-
ton. Evacuation of the Ruhr took
place in the summer of 1925.
The current proposal of Mr..
Dewey for the naturalization" of
the valley inevitably raises the
question of the control of the ada
cent countryside in France and
Luxembourg. AS the Governor says,
"The whole economic rehabilitation
of Europe is essential" No one of
the "watertight compartments" to
which he {sfers III sslf-sunncient"
Evening star., 1944-08-23
Defiant Muchinists

The defiant attitude of AFL
machiniSts in San Francisco, who
have refused to lift their union ban
on overtime work despite the
urgency of war needs in that area,
has forced the Government to resort
to punitive measures and threats
which have no support in law and
which serve to underscore the in
adequacy of our national labor
policies.
No one is going to waste sympathy
on the machiniSts, for the position
in which they find themselves is
one which the union has provoked
by deliberate action. For many
months the San Francisco local,
Lodge 68, not only refused to au-
thorize any overtime work, but in
dividual members who were not in
sympathy with the ban have re-
ported that they were threatened
with drastic retaliatory action unless
they complied with it. Now, in the
ldCC VI P1SoouAS, CAAS
union has retreated to the extent of
permitting individuals to work over
time without incurring penalties, but
it still refuses to lift the general ban.
This attitude has brought forth
variety of sanctions" and threats
of sanctions. The War Labor Board
has announced that the union is to
be stripped of it's contractual rights
and privileges, such as the right to
compel preferential hiring of union
members, to refuse to work with
nonunion men and to participate in
the settlement of grievances in
shops taken over by the Navy. In
addition, individuals refusing to
work overtime have been threatened
with further sanctions, such as the
loss of gasoline for occupational
driving, cancellation of draft defer
ments and, as possible last resort,
blacklisting from any other job for
the duration. Presumably, this last
threat carries the implication that
recalcitrant machinists will be dis
charged and then blacklisted, for
otherwise it would have no practical
effect.
All of this is course of official
action which can be condoned only
on the theory that the end justifies
the means. That is not a palatable
doctrine On the contrary, it is the
antithesis of our democratic con-
cepts. But Government that has
not hesitated to use high-handed
tactics in dealing with employers
can hardly afford to be squeamish
about adopting similar measures
against employees when necessity
arises.
The war will not wait. Machinery
for dealing adequately and lawfully
with these situations might have
been set up months, even years, ago.
But labor spokesmen talked of in
voluntary servitude and Congress
and the administration SHE'D away
from wartime legislation with real
teeth. And now itis too late. There
Evening star., 1944-08-23
The Governments DUTY

Those who have been looking
hopefully to the House for liberal
ization Of the reconversion and de-
mobilization bill approved by the
Senate will derive small comfort
from the attitude of the Ways and
Means Committee toward that
measure.
AS passed by the Senate, the bill
carried provisions for vocational
retraining of civilian war workers
and for transportation costs up to
5000 for the return of migrated
workers and their families to their
bona fide" residence. These pro-
visions were stricken from the bill
by the House committee, and there
have been indications that it may
be trimmed still further before it
reaches the floor.
1t is not known, of course, Just
what considerations influenced the
committee to pare down this bill,
which was regarded in the Senate
as the conservative" plan as op-
posed to the so-called liberal Kill
gore bill. But it may be assumed
that one consideration had to do
with the returning servicemen, some
100000 Of whom have been given
assurances of priority in the filling
of available jobs. There is every
probability that there will be fewer
jobs available when war production
comes to halt, and some members
of Congress are known to feel that
this is not the time for the Federal
Government to obligate itself to
train civilians for jobs which may
not exist after the veterans have
found employment. There is also
reason to believe that the committee
felt the provision for payment of
transportation expenses was too
broad, and that many war workers,
having earned more during the war
than in any previous period, should
be able to pay their own way back
to their homes without looking to
the Government to assume this
obligation.
1t remains to be seen what final
position Congress will take with re-
spect to these matters But it should
be borne in mind that the wiping
out of all provision for retraining
and transporting civilian workers
might result in undue hardship in
many cases. This is especially true
OF thousands of workers who have
been and who will be subjected
to heavy Government pressure to
leave their homes and take jobs
elsewhere. For all practical pur-
poses, the Government is compelling
these people to pull up stakes and
move to war jobs where their serv-
ices are in demand. And when the
Government does this, it certainly
assumes some obligation to see that
these people are not left stranded
at the end of the war in. the
strange localities to which they have
been sent
Evening star., 1944-08-23

they ceased to be conquering tourists
they were homesick strangers. Bit by
bit they became not only oppressive, but
Ridiculous. E.
In the latitude of the spirit it is
farther from Berlin to Paris than from
Berlin to Moscow or London.
The spirit of Paris is wiry and tough;
the German spirit heavy and brittle.
Parisians are conventional but not dis
ciplined; tolerant but exclusive: skep-
tical, not credulous; witty, not humor-
Gus: lucid, and never sentimental.
Paris is the city of Pissarro Seurrat,
Utrillo, who convey its beauty in light
and vibrancy, a manner OF seeing and
painting that no German has ever mas
tered, in art or in life. Despite that it
was rebuilt by Napoleon the Con-
queror, it is not monumental but grace
full. Nothing is overblown: everything
Is in moderation. Moderation is 50 un-
German that the Germans make vices
out of their very virtues, committing,
as George Bernard Shaw remarked
back In 1901, hideous crimes but al
ways and only in the name of duty.
The Parisians care little for order"
But they have equilibrium. Nor is their
laugh the belly-howl of farce, but the
fine grin Of comedy. In Paris the satyr
is Satirist.
Thus, years from now, when the suf-
ferings Of these four years are dimmed,
am sure it will be no French tragedian
who will immortalize the four years of
German occupation, but a new Moliere,
making Of it high comedy-the Kind
of comedy that destroys, forever, with
irony.
The crumbling of the German prestige
began with the Parisians long before
their armies began to disintegrate.
Paris continued to belong to the Pa
risians. The Germans were everywhere
and everywhere on the outside They
wanted to be liked. They srutted
their stuff. They wooed the already
conquered. When that happens, how
ever, man is lost. Rejected, the Ger
mans resumed the mastery role and
shot those who repulsed them. But
nothing is more ridiculous than a super
man, wavering between presenting bou-
quets and battering down the door.
I am sure that the Partisan feeling
today is, Thank God the British and
Americans are coming to remove these
idiotic bores"
Evening star., 1944-08-23
Do Your Purt-Now!

There Is special urgency about
the new appeal for blood donors
which should bring prompt response
from patriotic Washingtonians.
The Red Cross has been asked, by
the Army and Navy to rush a thou
sand pints of whole blood-over and
above the regular quota of plasma-
to the battlefields of Europe every
day. This blood will be sent by air.
Its prompt receipt, where it is so
gravely needed, will mean the diff
ference between life and death for
a great many of the soldiers who
have been pouring out their own
blood in the decisive battles now
being fought to end the war. 1t is
needed to supplement the use of
plaSma and it is administered in
cases where the shock and injuries
of battle wounds have been accom-
panied by great loss OF blood
Here at home the news of the
magnificent victories of our armies
in France tends to lessen the strain,
the tense anxiety that for so long
has been subconscious part Of our
daily lives since the war began. In
our preoccupation with the thoughts
of early peace there is a temptation
to relax, to feel that the need is
not so great now and that every
thing is nearly over except the
shouting. We forget the cost of
these victories. We forget that the
quicker and the further our armies
advance, the longer grow the cas-
ualty lists. For the men in France,
the nearness of victory becomes a
spur to even greater effort-for vic
tory near at hand is often snatched
away by failure to follow through.
If we can respond to this new
appeal for blood in the same spirit
that the soldiers in France are re-
spending to the commands to strike
harder, now that the end is in sight,
we shall do a tiny bit to lessen the
tragedies that are marching along
side our victorious armies.
Evening star., 1944-08-23

the Reich alone will not necessarily end
the threat Of wars According to DO
litical and technical observers, It might
be necessary to bring about an inter-
naturalization and strict control Of all
war plants in all the Industrial countries
Of the world which consider force an
important instrument Of their national
policies.
Unlike 1915, when the Allied political
men refused to heed the urgent sugges-
tiOns Of their military advisers to enter
Germany, the Reich this time will be
occupied by the Allied forces for an
indefinite period.
Moreover, II the pattern which has been
discussed before is fully adopted the
Reich will be dismembered. We had
revealing glimpse At the future of Ger
many by way Of = recent dispatch from
London that Premier Stain had de-
cided that Konigsberg would become q
Russian naval base while important
German cities such as Breslau and
Stettin would be given to Poland.
Il
The French, Of course, will recover
Alsace and Lorraine and may add for
good measure the Rhineland, which
they had attempted to incorporate under
the guise Of an autonomous Rhinish
republic after the World War. A large
section of British political men desire
to break up the Reich into its COM
ponent parts and establish a number
OF Independent republics as existed
before Bismarck created the German
Empire In 1871. There is nothing now
to prevent the Allies from chopping up
Germany and making 1t a powerless,
divided country which will have lost all
taste and ability to wage war for many
generations.
Under these circumstances, the inter-
naturalization of the Ruhr Valley, as
suggested by Gov. Dewey as must"
for lasting peace, will not fully answer
the burning problem Of how to prevent
third world war.
An agreement among all industrial
countries to place their industries under
an effective international control which
would allow the manufacture only of
weapons necessary for a police force
may be the answer to the desire of those
who wish to see power politics and
aggreSsions removed from the scene of
international relations. This, however,
would involve the control of all indus
trial establishments in countries such
rs Russia, Great Britain and the United
States as we'll as minor industrial states
Or potential industrial states.
Evening star., 1944-08-23
Nazi Change of Mind
By Maj. George Fielding Eliot

the fashion of Ludendorf and Hoff-
mann. Perhaps there will be no such
literary survivors, and then we shall
never know. We can only guess-and
We can do that now, within the limits
of our information and judging motives
by actions.
Let us examine this hypothesis, which
at any rate accords with the facts as
they are known to us. Let us suppose
that there are two schools of thought
in higher places in Germany. Both
schools agree that the war is lost Both
agree that the German resources are in
sufncient to defend both of Germany's
far-flung frontiers, to east and west.
The difference between these schools is
just this: One wants to hold back the
Russians at all costs, even though this
may mean an Anglo American advance
to the Rhine; the other wants to hold
back the glo-American advance at all
costs, even though this may mean q
Russian advance to the Oder.
Then came the attempt on Hitler's
life. We do not know Just what fol-
lowed, but we do know that German
east. We know that the Russians were
stopped cold along the East Prussian
frontier and the line of the Vistula down
to Sandomierz. We know that strong
counterattacks have checked Russian
advances south Of Sandomierz and in
the direction of Warsaw, and that at-
tempts are now being made to get Lin
demann out of the Baltic states.
We also know that In the west Ger.
man resistance has almost collapsed,
without any considerable attempt being
made to send reinforcements to the
western front from any other sector
only three divisions have been moved
into France and the Low Countries.
which were not already there. The
military idiocy" has been shifted from
east to west. 1t is now in the west that
the Germans are throwing away armies
in vain attempts to hold untenable posi-.
tions, while in the east they are lighting
a careful, methodical and, for the mo-
ment, fairly successful defense. There
Is every prospect that the Anglo Amer.
leans will be on the Rhine before the
Russians reach the Oder-by German
choice.
tcesvr4 1914. N. rriban. Co,
Evening star., 1944-08-23
On the Record
By Dorothy THOMPSON

Today 1t Is difncult to recapture the
feeling that gripped the world In June,
1910, when Paris fell, and with Paris
France. Mems hearts and minds were
paralyzed. Even In America, months
before this war had become our own,
there was anguish, and terrible fear
that as far as continental Europe was
concerned, western civilization had gone
Militarily, there was no continental
counterbalance. Russia stood aloof neu-
trail mysterious. There were few who
believed Britain could survive, or do
more than hold out for q compromise
peace. With the fall Of Paris, America
entire history-a big island, covered
only by little island. rocking under
siege.
In q political sense. 1t was the great
break-through Of Fascism that seemed
chosen by destiny to rule the world In
Paris quick-eyed camera caught pic
ture of Adolf Hitler in capering, minc-
ing dance of Joy.
From London the last steady voice in
Europe promised his people no victory,
but sweat. blood and tears"
So overwhelming was the German
force, so swift and disastrous the de-
feat, that 1t seemed like an act of ma
ture and at the outset was accepted
with kind Of fatalism, as something
preordained. In that moment the
Germans appeared. even to their vic
Tins, as supermen. As they marched
through the city, tall, clean, superbly
clothed, with the shining rivers of their
strange. cleaning, irresistible machines,
they awakened a reluctant admiration.
From Vichy Petain's wavering voice
deepened the French feelings Of in
feriority. Perhaps it was In the logical
nature of things that the strong should
win and rule.
Thus capricious woman, mastered
against her will, may feel a certain
dependency and security in the strength
and desire of her master. There was
something of that. for q brief moment,
in France. Who knows? 1t might have
lasted-if the master had not started
to re-educate her! That is always the
German mistake.
And ordinary men do not remain
supermen for four years. A parade, is
one thing, an occupation Is another.
Parisians began to see Germans with
their boots Off A successful occupation
army must understand the country and
the people whom it rules. The Ger
mans could not understand Paris. When