davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1944-07-16
Reconversion Begins
As Nelson Lifts Ban
On Two War Metals
Aluminium, Magnesium
Made Available for
Wider CiviIion Uses

The War Production Board last
night lifted restrictions on
aluminium and magnesium to
permit wider use of the metals
in civilian products with issuance
of the first of four orders in
Chairman Donald M. Nelson S
program for gradual reconver-
sion of industry, which led to
bitter conflict between the WPB
chieftain and military officials.
For civilians, the order, which be-
came effective upon issuance, means
that aluminium now may be used
for kitchen utensils and other pro-
ducts made in the last two years
with substitutes. Relaxation of
wartime controls over magnesium
is not too important since no broad
civilian uses for the new metal have
been found, although industry re-
ports 1t has many possibilities.
The compromise settlement Of the
controversy between Mr.. Nelson
and military leaders calls for is
suanec of the remaining three re-
Taxation orders on the following
dates:
Next Saturday an order per-
mitting all manufacturers to obtain
materials to build and test models
of things they plan for postwar
production: July %, the order
allowing manufacturers to begin
acquisition of machine tools for
peacetime output, and August IS,
the authorization to WPB field
Offices to allow new civilian produc-
ton in locations where there are
manpower, materials and facilities
not needed for war. Under the
compromise, issuance of the final
order on August Is may be post
poned if the military situation is
not favorable at that time.
The new order approves substitu-
ton of aluminium, now in surplus
supply, for other materials in civil
ian goods now being manufactured.
(See RECONVERSION page A-121
Evening star., 1944-07-16
New Robot Bomb Furry
Descends on London Area
BY the Associated Press.

oy tHe hsSOCldteQ FIeSS.
LONDON, July 15.-A fresh furry
of flying bombs landed in the Lon
don area and Southern England to-
day, one of them smashing several
buildings. burying a number of per-
sons in the wreckage and inf1icting
casualties.
Rescue work was so efficient and
swift that only one person was
killed in the collapse of the build
ing.
Minister of Health Henry U.
Willink disclosed that the biggest
and most speedy evacuation of any
of the war" has occurred in Lon
don because of the flying bomb
menace. OF 207 1853 persons regis
tered for evacuation, 152,652 were
taken away under the program in
the 13 days ended Friday Tens of
thousands of other Londoners have
left the city without official aid.
Evening star., 1944-07-16
Navy Nears Peak
Of 100000 Men
September Goal of
3,400, 900 Already Net

By the Associated Press.
The Navy has passed its Septem-
ber / goal of force of 3,400, ,00(
and is nearing its expected year.
end peak of 100000, it was dis
closed last night.
On June 30, records showed, the
Navy had 3,632, 1881 in service, in
cluding 2,987,311 in the Navy itself
475,835 in the Marine Corps and
169,235 in the Coast Guard.
Since then, several thousand have
been added through inductions.
This gives the Nation a combined
Army and Navy more than II ,300,-
600 strong, since the Army previous
ly had reached its desired strength
of 100000.
The Army has been taking only
requirements in its draft calls for
months, Barring heavy casualties
and assuming that the 100000 re-
mains as the Navy's goal of man
power, the Navy likewise could
adopt the same replacement sys-
TEN. However, it is possible that the
estimated peak for the NAVY. al
ready the worlds largest, NAV be
raised still higher.
Evening star., 1944-07-16
By JAMES Y. NEWTON.

Faced with the possibility of a
so per cent reduction in heavy
truck and bus tire quotas for
August, the Office of Defense
Transportation is expected to
announce soon a greatly tight
ened rationing program under
which only the most essential
heavy vehicles will be able to
obtain new tires.
1t IS expected that distribution oi
larger-sized tires will be placed or
strict priority basis on compile
ton of a new list in which the
uses Of the vehicles will be care.
fully screened. One official saio
it may be necessary to prohibit the
purchase of tires for vehicles no,
engaged in transportation of ut
most essentially to the war econ
omy.
Officials are graphing with 9
Evening star., 1944-07-16
u. S. Court UphoIds Walker
In Postal Ban on ESQUIRE

master General interprets his pow
ers in an arbitrary or capricious"
manner, ANAL judgment as to
whether or not any periodical can
be classed as literature rests with
him and cannot be reviewed by the
courts.
Esquire was expected to appeal
the decision, especially since Bruce
Bromley, during the hearing, told
the court that unless it is per-
mitted to retain Its second class
privileges, it will be forced to &c
out Of business. Under an agree
ment with Mr.. Walker, the maga-
(see ESQUIRE. Page A-10o
Evening star., 1944-07-16

Esquire magazine lost another
round in its fight for life" yesterday
when visiting Justice T. Whitfield
Davidson of Texas, sitting in District
Court, upheld Postmaster General
Walker in barring the publication
from second class mail.
In his opinion, prepared after sew
eral days of hearings. Justice David
son denied Mr.. Walkers action con-
stituted censorship over the Nations S
literature and said the Postmaster
General simply was exercising the
duty imposed on him by Congress to
classify mail.
At the same time, the jurist
pointed out that unless the Post-
Evening star., 1944-07-16
Nationals Will Lose
At Least Two Cubons
Under Draft RuIino

Catcher Mike Guerra and
Outfielder Roberto Ortiz have
been lost and Third Sacker Gil
Torres also may leave the
Washington baseball club as the
result of a selective service
ruling that they either must
register for the draft or leave
the country.
All three are Cubans and the
first two definitely have de-
cided to return home. Pitcher
Pedro Gomez will remain and
he says he's willing to serve
in the Army If called.
"Details on Sport Pages)
Evening star., 1944-07-16
Warships and Planes
She'll and Bomb Guam
For 11th Straight Day
Nouru, Truk, Yop and
PoIou Among Other Jop
Bases Under Attack
By the Associated Press.

American Warships and planes
Shelled and bombed Guam
Island, former American naval
base south Of newly conquered
Saipan in the MariannaS, on
Friday for the 11th straight day
the Navy reported last night.
Gun emplacements and the air.
field at Orote were hit during the
tWo-way attack.
Four japanese planes were de-
stroyed on the ground, the Pacific
Fleet Headquarters announcement
said, adding that American planes
ran into moderate" antiaircraft
fire.
Army, Navy and Marine bombers
and fighters also hit Nauru, Truk
and other enemy bases in the South
Pacific on Thursday, headquarters
reported.
Tokyo Not Optimistic.
The Tokyo radio, in previously
announcing the attacks on Guam,
specified that battleships and cruis-
ers were in the attacking group.
1t said the war situation does not
allow a moment of optimism"
Gen. Douglas Macarthur an
nounced that attack planes flying
in force from recently captured air
dromes of New Guinea split open
storage tanks in the hills of Ceram
Island in the Netherlands Indies
and streams of oil eneveloped "the
whole target in flames"
Gen. MacArthur's bombers came
out VIGOROUSLY in air battles over
Yap and Palau, and joined cruisers
and destroyers bombarding $4,000
Japanese troops regrouping for an
other smash at American lines on
the Northern New Guinea coast. A
spokesman said the intense bonn
bardment had temporarily halted
the enemy attempt to break out of
a massive trap.
Imperial armies were in retreat
on two other battle fronts, and
American bombers were ranging un-
disturbed over 800 miles of Japan's
broken inner defense line.
27 Jap Planes Destroyed.
Twentyseven Japanese planes
were reported destroyed by 14th Air
Force fighters in a surprise raid
on an enemy airdrome in Central
China.
Another airfield was placed at
the disposal of American aviators
after 9th Army troops overran the
SaWar strip in Dutch New Guinea
Its defenders fled into the jungles
and swamps.
Remnants of japanese armies
which invaded Eastern India four
months ago apparently were fleeing
back to Burma after what Admiral
Lord Louis Mountbatten called lone
OF the greatest defeats the japanese
Army has suffered in it's history"
Along the China sector of the
Burma road Chinese troops cap
tured five heights overlooking Lung
ling preparatory to a second drive
to capture the town. Chinese cap
tured but were promptly driven
from two strong points at Teng-
chung, main enemy Burma road
base.
Chungking announced Japanese
broke into the streets of besieged
Hengyang in Southeast China but
were annihilated by the encircled
defending garrison. Chinese claimed
some progress in attacking the
enemy's flanks northeast and north
west of Hengyang. They said the
invaders advance from the south
east Was pbcckod
Evening star., 1944-07-16
George Nelson Page Arrested
For Questioning in Italy
Fascist Radio Aide
Is q Member of
Virginia Family
BY the Associated Press.


ROME, July 15.-George Nelson
Page, former chief of the radio
division of the Fascist Ministry
of Popular Culture, has been ar
rested for questioning by Allied
authorities.
Page. who is member Of a dis
tinguished Virginia family, was
born in France and has lived most
of his life in Europe He was an
American citizen until the Ethiopian
war, when he renounced his al
legiance and became an Italian SUBJ
ject.
He then was seen about Rome
wearing a Fascist blackshirt uni
form. He changed his first name
to "Giorgio' and pronounced his
last name the Italian way, "Pah-
jay"
During the war he supervised
English-language propaganda broad
Evening star., 1944-07-16
War Spending Reaches
New High During June
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
War spending by the Government
reached new monthly peak of 81,
957 ,000, 900 in June, an increase OF
$39, 900, 900 or one-half of / per
cent over May outlays, the War
Production Board announced yester-
day.
The average daily outlay was
$306, 100000. This made June the
second month in which the daily
rate topped the $500. .o00, 900 mark
Expenditures per day reached $3l2,-
SOC, 900 in February.
Evening star., 1944-07-16
Evacuation of Paris
Reported Recommended
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
NEW YORK, July 15.-The presi-
dent of the Paris City Council
recommended in a meeting of the
council the evacuation of all civilian
who are not absolutely indispensa-
ble, the Berne radio in Switzer-
land said today in q broadcast re.
corded by CHS.
Evening star., 1944-07-16
Oracle Allen to Cover
The Democrats

Oracle Allen, stage and ra-
dio star, whose wacky dis
patches from the Republican
convention were enjoyed by
Star readers, is in Chicago
again to cover the Democratic
convention. This time she'll
take Husband George Burns
along.
Evening star., 1944-07-16

casts. including those to American
troops in Italy. One OF his radio
programs, Sally and George" was
highly popular with GI's because OF
(See PAGE. Page A-7)
Evening star., 1944-07-16

(See DEMOCRATS, Page A-4J
Evening star., 1944-07-16

,See TIRES, Page A-12J
Evening star., 1944-07-16

(See RECONVERSION, Page A.
Evening star., 1944-07-16

(See RUSSIA. Page A-60
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1944-10-13
GET OUT AND VOTE

At least one (maybe two) political
party is passing the word through
its avenues of intelligence, that the
election may be lost because several
million voters, it is feared, will stay
at home.
Under the American system all the
people are supposed to be running
this country of ours. And if tie esti-
mate of the Gallup Poll that the
number of votes will be only 39,5OO,-
900 in 1914 turns out to be correct
"the wrong man" may be elected by
reason of the absentee. voters-be-
cause that is 16,300,000 fewer votes
than were cast in 1910.
Regarless of politics no American
voter should allow himself or herself
to become guilty party by failure to
vote in the election of President
So, everybody SHOULD go to the polls
and vote.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1944-10-13
CLEARING HOUSE FOR
TOMATOES

Seventy thousand baskets of toma-
toes, with a farm value at govern
ment support prices of $4,000,
found buyers throuk the emergency
clearing house operated by the Office
of Food Distribution in. the important
Del-Mar-Va Peninsula tomato pro-
ducing area during the peak of the
harvest season.
Frank M. Shook, executive secre-
tary of the Tri-State Packers Associa-
ton, reports that the clearing house
saved large volume of tomatoes by
shifting many farm deliveries from
canneries with supplies in excess of
their capacity to plants short in raw
stock.
George P. Crisp, who was in charge
of the Easton, Md, clearing house,
reports fourteen canneries found
buyers for their surplus raw stock
through his office, which assisted
both canneries with SURPRISES beyond
their processing capacity and Gamer
les with inadequate supplies of toma-
toes.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1944-10-13
INACCURATE WAGE REPORTS
AFFECT BENEFITS

This is the month in which employ
will file with the Collector of Internal
Revenue, their Social Security tax re-
.urns for the third quarter of 1914.
such reports must show the name,
social Security account number and
amount of wages paid to each en-
3D. July, August, September. The
employers tax return is audited by
he Bureau of internal Revenue,
md the wage information, contained
herein, is then transmitted to TIE
,ocial Security Board to be used in
yorker concerned
Mr.. William M Donlin, manager
the local field Office of the Social
security Board called attention to
he fact that during recent months,
Industrial plants and business firms
n this section, have taken on new
workers; some of whom have never
before had Social Security account
numbers. Many of these workers are
approaching retirement age and some
are already IS years old or more. 1t
is especially important that the name
and Social Security account number
Of each of these older workers be
shown on the quarterly wage report.
Why? Because they may be leaving
heir jobs before long, and they
hould have credit for all wages earn
I'd in covered employment in order
o insure full payment of their Old
lge Insurance benefits.
Other workers-young or old
nay die, leaving dependents who are
untitled to benefits under the Social
security Act; but unless employers
or whom they have worked, include
heir names, account numbers, and
,age earnings in quarterly tax re-
.urns, as required by law, survivors
nay be deprived of benefits to which
hey are entitled.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1944-10-13
NEW HOME CANNING SUGAR
REGULATION

Farmers and housewives who put
up fruit and jellies for sale will be
interested in the new method OF
granting sugar for home professors
recently announced by the OPA.
Under the new regulation, appli-
cations for sugar for home canning
should be made to local War Price
and Rationing Boards. Sugar will be
issued ON the basis of the applicants
contemplated production this season
and his application must state the
number of pounds of home processed
foods having a zero point value he
intends to produce from fruits and
fruit juices. He must also state the
number of pounds of prepared fruit
or pints of fruit juices he intends to
use in making jellies and the num-
Der of pounds of prepared fruit pulp
he intends to use in making fruit
butter. Sugar will be granted in the
case of fruit butter at the rate of one
pound of sugar for each two pounds
of prepared. fruit.
The total amount of sugar which
may be obtained by family unit for
the period from March /, 1914 to
February 20, 1s45. inclusive. cannot
exceed ESQ pounds or the total
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1944-10-13
CHARTING THE PEACE

Washington, d. c., October g
The Dumbarton Oaks Conference has
been long drawn out affair and it
has carried on it's discussion behind
closed gates and the proceedings have
not been made known to the public.
However, one thing is perfectly
clear and that is there is no straight
highway that leads to a peace policy
haven. Certain points have been ten
tatively agreed upon, but in actuall-
ty they are just as uncertain to win
final approval as the Fourteen Points
that were offered by Woodrow Will
son in 1918. The whole American
public threw their hats in the air for
Wilson and hollered for joy in sup
port of the Presidents declaration,
but the end brought only failure and
collapse.
We are not on safe ground today.
The Atlantic Charter, the declaration
of the United Nations; and all the
International conferences, from Dunn
barton Oaks in Washington to Cairo
Terhan, Casablanca, Quebec, and
otker friendly stops, haven't settled
anything definitely. 1t is perfectly
clear that Great Britain and Soviet
Russia do not subscribe to the basic
principles of the American form OF
Government Meanwhile the wal
against communism in the United
States continues to be whipped up
and whooped up daily At the. same
,ime Britain occupies more colonia
.erritory under it's Empire than any
other nation. Consequently, we are
furtker apart on international poll
les than Dewey and Roosevelt are
on issues of the present campaign IL
he United States.
| Permanent peace isn't an easy mat
,er that can be established by the
Big Three, plus China and France
with the small nations added.
Evidently these great nations al
want to make lasting peace. That;
Ike one big objective-and let's hope
hat everything comes through al
right.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1944-10-13
USED COOKING FATS

More than 223, 100000 pounds OF
used cooking fats have been turned in
by civilians up to July 31st, 1914, ac-
eording to the annual report on fat
:alvage submitted by The American
sat Salvage Committee Inc, to the
board of directors TO the Association
If American Soap and Glycerine Pro
pounds of fats were salvaged by the
armed forces.
During the first seven months OF
1914 civilian fat salvage averaged
over 100000 pounds a month al
compared with the average of 7,445,-
100 pounds for the corresponding
Jeriod in 1913, an increase of 115 %
JPA's ruling of December 13, 1943
hat two red points would be allowed
or each pound of used household
ats turned in to meat dealer, was
IN important factor in this increase
he report noted; but such showing
..ould have been impossible withou.
he tireless cooperation of patriotic
.merican women, meat dealers ana
.enderers and continuing editorial
support of the newspapers, the report
ldds. Top collection was in April,
l944, during which 18,098,O 0
pounds of used cooking fats were sal
yaged.
During 1913, Army and Navy Off
.ials estimated total used fat salvage
If II, 100000 pounds. Due to the
movement of large numbers of men
,ut of the country their estimates for
1914 were lowered to 43 million
pounds. However, the Navy Depart
.nent alone reported 8,141,7 l s
pounds salvaged during the first siA
months of this year, which indicates
hat the advance estimate was con
iderably below the present rate o..
return.
Warning that used cooking fat il
still desperately needed, tie report
eveals that War Food Administra-
lion and the Bureau of Agricultural
Economics estimate U. S. production
f fats and oils in the crop year 1914
As as 13 billion pounds less than in
the current year. In addition to this
harp decline in production, there is
he possibility that UNRRA may re-
luire an additional billion pounds of
fats for rehabilitation of liberated
territory.
The outlook, according to Govern
ment sources, is for a considerably
tighter fats and oils situation in the
next twelve months which emphasiz-
IS the Importance to the national eco
nomy of household fat salvage.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1944-10-13
CHRISTIAN SCIENCE SERVICES

Doctrine of Atonement" will be
he subject of the Lesson-Sermon in
Ill Churches of Christ, Scientist, on
Sunday, October Is.
The Golden Text will be from l
Thes. SO, 10-"God hath not APP
pointed US to wrath, but to obtain
salvation through our Lord Jesus
Christ, who died for US, that, wheth-
er we wake or sleep, W eshould live
.ogether with him."
Among the citations comprising
the Lesson-Sermon will be the follow
ing from the Bible-John 10:3O-'I
and my Father are one."
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1944-10-13
MILK OUTPUT UP

Milk production per cow in herds
of Maryland farmers who report to
the Maryland Crop Reporting Service
averaged 1872 pounds per animal on
September 1. TIE average on Sept. 1,
1913, was 1913 pounds and the 1888
AZ average was 1873 pounds. Govern
ment dairy production payment rates
were increased on September l to
encourage the milk production in
spite of the poor hay crop and gener-
ally poor pasture conditions.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1944-10-13
WAR RELIEF AMMUNITION

Among many commendable fea-
lures of National War Fund, which
through state war and local commun-
ity chests is raising $115, 100000 for
the American USO and war relief OF
many foreign countries, is the as
surance that deserving nations which
might otherwise be overlooked will
receive the certain kelp of the Amer
lean people.
Americans too old to fight and not
too young to give will find in Nation
al War Funds campaign chance to
contribute nightly to the earlier
downfall of Hitler and Hirohito by
aiding and comforting their enemies
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1944-10-13
Help From On High

The people of The Netherlands
AVE in their ''low country few hills
mountains to which to look for
help, and must get a thrill as Ameri-
an airborne troops descend from on
high The American must get some
hing of a thrill also to find parts of
The Netherlands not unlike country
hey know black home"
1t isn't exactly the same, of course,
yet Tke Netherlands in many respects
s not unlike the United States. Many
,eople think of the country as Hol-
he United States by the name of
Texas, or Vermont, or of California.
actually, The Netherlands is a con-
ederation of II provinces-whose
people differ in minor respects just
do the people of the 48 United
'tates-North Holland, South Hol-
and, Groningen, Friesland, Drente,
0verijssel, Gelderland, Utrec h t ,
North Brabant, Limburg, iceland,
and Dutch Flanders. The government
ional monarchy ruled by queen and
States General whose members
lepresent and are elected by popular
Iote of the citizens of the provinces.
In area the country is about the
size of Maryland, in population about
hree-fourths as big as New York
tate. In pre-Nazi days 20 per cent of
the land was agricultural, 40 per cent
below sea level, and the country was
ne of the neatest, healthiest, most
progressive and orderly in the world.
fhe Nazis changed that after the
Dutck refused to accept them as
cousins" The Americans will find
large areas flooded; whole cities de-
stroyed; people ill, hungry, and
homeless; and the population decima-
ted by labor slavery and imprison-
ment in Germany and by execution.
The Americans probably will be
surprised to find many Netherlanders
speaking English which they learn in
srade and high schools. The Ameri-
ans will be surprised also to find
the Dutch, as ruggedly individualistic
md as thoroughly Independent as
themselves, seeking nothing more
than to get rid of the Nazis and to
get busy restoring their country.
On this side of the Atlantic plans
are being made further to aid these
sturdy Netherlanders by allocating
from Sis, 100000 being raised by
he National War Fund approximate
ly$7O0,OOO to The Queen Wilhelmina
rund for Relief of The Netherlands
md Overseas Territories to help the
Dutch with the job of getting them
selves back on their feet.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1944-10-13
CUT SOUGHT In PRICE OF
CLOTHING

In an effort to bring clothing prices
down to the same level as those OF
food and other commodities, OPA is
now engaging in an intensive drive
to roll back the prices of women's,
misses, and childrens' outer apparel.
Citing Bureau of Labor Statistics on
the rise of living costs in Baltimore
City from August Is, 1913, to Aug
ust Is, 1914, it was disclosed that
clothing prices had risen IL per cent
whereas food prices went down IL
per cent.