davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Dickenson County herald. [volume] (Clintwood, Va.) 1939-195?, 1944-10-19
The Farmer and
War Bonds
by Mr.. A. S. Coss
Master of the National Grange

aside to make payments on
existing debts when they fall
due. In fact, quite aside from
the patriotic appeal, it is good
business to buy Bonds rather
than make pre-payments on
debt, because the time may
come when the ready cash is
needed and the money tied up
in proponents cannot be re-
turned. If this money is in
vested in Bonds, it can be con-
verted into cash to meet any
needs which may arise.
If everyone followed the policy
of buying no War Bonds until their
debts were paid, few Bonds would
be sold to the public. We have an
obligation to help finance this war
which is vastly more important
than the income we may receive
on the investment of money in
War Bonds.
Farmers are finding it impossi-
BILE to maintain their machinery
and buildings in satisfactory
state of repair. They are finding
that they cannot replace WORKOUT
equipment except at excessively
high cost.
1t would seem to be sound
and conservative business
practice to lay aside money
to make the repairs and re-
place worn-Out equipment
when material and machines
are again available. No safer
place can be found to lay aside
money for such purposes than
in government Bonds.
Every time we buy Bond we
are not only assisting in financing
the war, but we are also doing our
bit to prevent that most dreaded
economic disaster called imitation.
If each one of us would invest as
much as we could in government
Bonds, the danger of imitation
would be greatly reduced.
U. S. Treasury Department
Dickenson County herald. [volume] (Clintwood, Va.) 1939-195?, 1944-10-19
FREQUENTLY hear farm

XX7E FREQUENTLY hear farm
w ers raise the question as to
whether or not they should buy
War Bonds as long as they are in
debt. The answer to this question
should depend in large measure
upon the nature Of the debt and
whether or not it is current. If part
of it is past due, and the borrower
expects to experience difficulty in
meeting past due payments, he
probably should bring his debt into
current position before investing
in Bonds. If, however, his pay
ments are current, there seems to-
be no reason why farmers should
not buy as many Bonds as they
are able. Most individual invest
ors in government Bonds are car
rying debt in one form or an
other, at rates higher than the
Bonds will yield. This is as 1t
should be if the purchaser is in an
earning position which permits the
accumulation of some surplus, for
we all owe it to our government
to do our utmost in the financing
of the war, even though the trans
action may result in our paying
some extra interest on outstand-
ing debts.
When a farmer owes money, he
is always concerned as to whether
his crops will sell at prices which
will enable him to repay his debt.
When prices are high it is good
business and conservative finance
to reduce the debt as rapidly as
possible because when prices are
low, it takes more crops and more
efforts to make the payments.
We should not forget, how
ever, that a government Bond
will pay off an equal amount
of dollars of debt, no matter
whether prices are high or
whether prices are low. 1t is,
therefore, a sound and CON-
sentative practice to buy gov
eminent Bonds and lay them
Dickenson County herald. [volume] (Clintwood, Va.) 1939-195?, 1944-10-19
NOTICE OF SPECIAL
ELECTION

At a Circuit Court continued
and held for Dickinson County,
Virginia, on Monday, the End
day of October in the year of
our Lord one thousand nine hun
dred and forty-four:
Present: The Honorable Alfred
A. Skeen, Judge, presiding.
IN Re:
LOCAL OPTION ELECTION:
On this End day of October,
1914, came Carl Sauls and more
than sixteen hundred other quail
fled voters of Dickinson County
in the State of Virginia, outside
of the Corporate limits of the
town of Clintwood which coun-
ty had a population of more than
nine hundred inhabitants accord
ing to the last preceding United
States census, and which voters
constitute in numbers more than
thirty per centum of the num-
Der of votes cast by qualified
voters of Dickinson County for
presidential Electors in the last
preceding presidential election in
this county, by their attorney,
and filed their amended petition
signed by themselves, and in
numbers required by law, ask
ing that referendum be held
in Dickinson County. Virginia,
on the questions: FIRST, shall
the sale of beer and wine be per
mitted in the said county of
Dickinson; and, SECOND, shall
the sale of alcoholic beverages,
other than beer and wine, be
permitted in the said county of
Dickinson on a date to be fixed
by an order of this court, and to
open the polls. and take the sense
of the qualified voters of this
county on said questions as afore
said, under and by virtue of Sec
ton 80 of the Act of the General
Assembly of Virginia, approved
March 7, 1884, designated and
cited as s|The Alcoholic Beverage
Control Act. Acts 1884, Chap.
"a, Sec. 80 (Michies Code, 1912,
Sec. 4675 (30): and the court
having inspected same and be-
ing of the opinion said petition
ers have complied with the sta
tute in such cases made and pro-
vided; it is therefore considered,
and the court doth order and re-
quire that the regular election
officials of Dikenson County at
the regular and appointed poll
ing places, for the various pre-
cincts, in the several magisterial
districts in Dickinson County, do
at sunrise open the polls in the
way and manner the same is
done in general elections held
in this county, on Tuesday. the
5th day of December, in the year
1914, and hold the same open till
sunset of that day, and take the
sense of qualified voters of Dick
enson County residing outside of
the town of Clintwood by Off
cial ballot, on the questions sub
mitted and requested in said Pc
tition: FIRST, shall the sale Of
peer anu vine ne pISIlAttSu LII
the said County of Dickinson;
and, SECOND, shall the sale of
alcoholic beverages other than
beer and wine, be permitted in
said county Of Dickinson; and
the Electoral Board of Dickinson
County is hereby ordered to pro
vide official ballots to be voted
by the qualified voters at said
election, and distribute the same
to the election judges at the var
ious election precincts as in gen.
eral elections. Said ballots shall
be printed as required by law
in other elections, and contain
the following:
OFFICIAL BALLOT
Dickenson County herald. [volume] (Clintwood, Va.) 1939-195?, 1944-10-19

than three consecutive weeks.
(Signed) Alfred A. Skeen,
Judge.
A copy-Teste:
E. B. Stanley Clerk
BY Lee Stanley, D. c.
Dickenson County herald. [volume] (Clintwood, Va.) 1939-195?, 1944-10-19
FOR SALE

Few of each-22 cal. Rifles,
S. & w. Guns. Let us help you
with your shell problems. Stamp
for reply. SUTHERLANDS, Box
5e6, Woodlyn, Pa. at 10-44)
Dickenson County herald. [volume] (Clintwood, Va.) 1939-195?, 1944-10-19
YES
NO
(Strike outone

(Strike outone
Second. Shall the sale of al
coholic beverages, other than
beer and wine be permitted IN
the town Of Clintwood, Virginia?
Dickenson County herald. [volume] (Clintwood, Va.) 1939-195?, 1944-10-19
(Strike out one)

"Any voter desiring to vote
Yes in answer to either ques-
ton shall draw a line through
the word NO and leave the word
yes unscratched; and any voter
desiring to vote Mo- shall draw
a line through the word Yes and
leave the word mo- unscratched."
Each voter on said election day
shall be furnished a ballot for
the purpose and vote in the same
manner as in other elections; and
the ballots shall be counted, re-
turned and canvassed as in gen.
eral elections and the results
certified by the Commissioners
of election to this court, Or the
judge thereof if in vacation, to
be by it, or him, as the case may
be, acted on according to law. 1t
is further ordered that the clerk
of this court forthwith cause
notice of said election be pub
lished in the Dickinson County
Herald, and The Dickensonian
(if space can be had) two news
papers published in this county,
once a week for not less than
three consecutive weeks.
(Signed)
ALFRED A. SKEEN. Judge
A copy-Teste:
E. B. Stanley, Clerk
By Lee Stanley, DC.
Dickenson County herald. [volume] (Clintwood, Va.) 1939-195?, 1944-10-19

town of IClintwood, do at sunrise
open the polls in the way and
manner the same as done in gen
eral elections held in this town,
on Tuesday, the 9Th day Of De-
cember, in the year 1914 and
hold the same open till sunset of
that day, and take the sense of
the qualified voters of the town
Of Clintwood residing within said
town, by official ballot, on the
questions submitted and request
ed in said petition, to-wit: FIRST
shall the sale of beer and wine
be permitted in the said town of
Clintwood; and SECOND, shall
the sale of alcoholic beverages,
other than beer and wine, be
permitted in said town of Clint
wood: and the Electoral Board of
the town of Clintwood is hereby
ordered to provide official bal
lots to be voted by the qualified
voters at said election, and dis
tribute the same to the election
Judges at the various election
precincts as in general elections.
Said ballots shall be printed as
required by law in other cleo
tons. and contain the following:
"OFFICIAL BALLOT
FOR THE SPECIAL. ELECTION
TO BE HELD IN THE TOWN OF
CLINTWOOD, VIRGINIA ON
TUESDAY, DECEMBER
5TH, 1914
''First. Shall the sale of beer
three and two-tenths per cent
and wine Containing more than
UNI of alcohol by weight) be per-
mitted in the town of Clint
wood, Virginia?
Dickenson County herald. [volume] (Clintwood, Va.) 1939-195?, 1944-10-19

three and two-tenths per centum
of alcohol by weight) be permit
ted in Dickinson County?
YES
NO
(Strike out one)
SECOND Shall the sale of al
coholic beverages, other than
beer and wine, be permitted in
Dickinson County?
YES
NO
Dickenson County herald. [volume] (Clintwood, Va.) 1939-195?, 1944-10-19

At Circuit Court continued
and held for Dickinson County,
Virginia, on Monday, the End
day of October. in the year of
our Lord one thousand nine hun
dred and forty-four:
Present: The Honorable Alfred
A. Skeen, Judge, presiding.
Milford chronicle., 1944-11-17
LINCOLN

Sergeant Edgar Clendaniel and
wife of Orlando, Fla, is spending a
furlough with his parents, Mr.. and
Mrs. Harry E. Clendaniel.
Miss Natalie Turpin of Darby,
Pa, spent the weekend with her
grandmother, Mrs. Matte Green
ly.
Mr.. and Mrs. William Truitt of
Wilmington and Mr.. and Mrs. Hor-
ace Kitchens and daughter Carol
of Georgetown were dinner guests
at the home of Mr.. and Mrs. Boyce
Short on Sunday. N
Miss Myra Jones of Chester was
a weekend guest of Miss Marie
Derrickson.
Mrs. Mollie Marker attended a
class sponsored by the Spencer
Corset Company at the Dover Tea
House on Friday, November 10.
Mr.. and Mrs. Ernest Hudson and
Jesse Stevenson of Philadelphia,
were recent guests of Mr.. and Mrs.
Joseph Headley.
Mrs. Sallie Clendaniel, Mrs.
Laura Belts. Mrs. May Wyatt and
Mrs. Caddie Beideman visited their
sister, Mrs. Lizzie Swain and
daughter, Mrs. Mia Martin on Sun
day.
Milford chronicle., 1944-11-17
OCEAN VIEW

when the frost is on the pump
kin" was evidenced here Monda!
morning to a large extent.
There will be Sunday school her,
on Sunday morning at Bethel Meth
odist Church, followed by preach
ing at IL o'clock by the Rev. c. Z
Davis.
Revival meetings are in progress:
at Millville Methodist Church. The
sermon will be delivered at Mill.
vile on Sunday night.
The Junior Church and the Meth
odist Youth Fellowship will con-
duct their services from $3.50 until
1880 p. m.. after which there there
will be time to join with those at
Millville.
How jealous our forefathers
were to win souls for the Kingdom.
If l were a preacher l would take
this text: Read Romans, 9Th chap
ter and the sixth verse.
Notice the expression: "Our old
man is crucified with Him."
Evangelistic services are being
held at the Christian Church each
night. Rev. Groseclose and wife
are the evangelists assisting the
pastor, Rev. G. w. Headen.
The Presbyterian Church SER
vices are held on Sabbath afternoon
with Sunday school at 1870 and the
sermon delivered at 3 p. IN.
Lieutenant Virden Mitchell ii. g.
has returned from the South Pacific
where he has been stationed for 3
and has spent his furlough
with his wife and son here. also his
Mr.. and Mrs. George Nit
:hell. Lieutenant Mitchell return
ID to California after a weeks fur
ough to the U. S. S. Fullam.
Mr.. and Mrs. Raymond Richards
md son Gerald and daughter Kaye
.ame from West Philadelphia and
Mr.. and Mrs. Thomas E. Hickman,
Ir., of this town were dinner guests
md spent Sunday afternoon with
heir parents. Mr.. and Mrs. Thomas
:. Hickman, Sr.
Milford chronicle., 1944-11-17
HARRISON

Miss Charlotte Lingo after spen
ding Friday night with relatives il
Wilmington, left on Saturday fol-
Plant City, Florida, where she will
spend a week with her uncle anC
aunt, Mr.. and Mrs. George A. Car,
ey.
Mr.. and Mrs. L. F. Mason and Mr.
and Mrs. Robert OFT spent Satur.
day last in Wilmington.
Mrs. Albert Davidson is in the
Dover Hospital where she under
went an operation. Her many
friends hope she will soon be out
Albert Prettyman the past week
purchased a plot of land from
George Rust, adjoining the lot of
Mrs. Eliza McIlvaine here in Har-
beson.
Mrs. Cora Prettyman is in very
poor health at this writing.
The choir rehearsal was held at
the home of Mr.. and Mrs. L. F.
Mason on Monday evening.
The home of Rev. and Mrs. Wat
son was burned one day last week.
1t is thought the fire was started
by the explosion of an oil stove as
ii is said the stove was left burn
ing while the Watsons were away
from the house working in the
field. Rev. and Mrs. Watson have
the sympathy of this community.
A very able and inspiring SER
mon was preached here in the
church Sunday morning by Mr.. Pal
matt of Lewes, during the absence
of our minister, Rev. Mills, who
was attending the home coming
service of his church in Lewes.
Mrs. Virgie Veasey of Lewes
spent the weekend with Mrs. Sal
lie Thompson.
Wilbur Warrington. who is in
the service of Uncle Sam" has
been spending a furlough with his
mother. Mrs. Leta Warrington and /
family. At the end of his furlOugh |
he will be sent to the South Pa
cific. Clifford Stewart of Philadel-
phia was the Sunday guest of his
mother and family.
Carl Joseph. who is in the ser
vice, stationed in the State OF
Washington. is spending a fur
Tough with his wife. jeanette, at
this writing.
Mrs. Elizabeth Joseph is spend
ing some time with her sister, Mrs.
Clara Boyd of RehobOth, who re-
Gently lost her husband.
There will be an all-day home
coming service in Beaver Dam
Church on November &c. Morning
Sunday school at 10 o.
clock; preaching at IL o'clock. Al
ternoon service beginning at two
o'clock with song service; preach
ing at 2:30 o'clock, followed by an
old fashioned experience meeting.
Evening services will begin at 1;3O
o'clock with song service. followed
BY preaching and revival meeting.
Special singers. including the
Sisters of Dagsboro and
other places are expected. Also spe--
cial music. Come and attend these
services. The revival will continue
on from Tuesday evening during
the following week with special
music and singing and visiting
preachers.
Services Sunday as usual: Sun
day school at 10 a. m. Albert Da-
wilson. superintendent. Preaching
at II a. M. by Rev. Ward Mills.
Milford chronicle., 1944-11-17

In celebration of his 18th birth
day, a party was rendered Robert
Warren at his home on Thursday
evening. November 8. During the
evening games and music we're
played. Among the guests were
Mr.. and Mrs. Woodrow Wilson and
daughter, Betty Lou, Ann and Ma
rie Kitchens OF Georgetown, Miss
Stella Potter and Bob Warwick Of
Milford; Mrs. Emma Donovan,
Norma and Eleanor Satterfeld. Vir-
ginia and Bobby Campbell, Robert
and Charles Young, June Clogg.
John Halfen and Mrs. Stella Wat
son and son OF Cedar Neck. Re-
freshments Of ice cream and cake
were served. The guests departed
wishing Robert many more birth
days.
Mr.. and Mrs. Edward Hearn en-
tertained their daughter-in-law
Mrs. William e. Hearn Of Harring-
ton and Mrs. Mae Knootz and chill
dren. Clara and Gene. also of Har-
rington on Friday of last week.
Milford chronicle., 1944-11-17

I
His brother, Coxswain Ralph
Mitchell, who has been overseas in
the invasion on D-Day, also in
France and the British Isles for
one year, has returned home on a
30-day furlough with his wife and
parents, Mr.. and Mrs. George Nit
chell. after which he will go to
Rhode Island.
First Glass Pharmacist Elmer
Murray, Jr., who is with the Medi-
cal Corps, who has been in the
Navy for one year, is spending his
furlough with his parents, Mr.. and
Mrs. Elmer Murray. He has served
in the British Isles, Sherbrooke,
France. and Brest. He will go to
POston, Mass, from here His bro
ther, Clifton Murray, who is a Mer-
chant Marine. has made three trips
across the ocean from Baltimore
on a transport ship. Their mother
formerly was Laura Quillen, a
childhood friend of the writer.
The poultry dressing plant at
Lewes, is operated under the man
agement of Powell and Turner,
namely Edwin Powell and Joshua
Turner of Ocean View Howard
Burton and Joshua Wharton are
employed there as engineer and
manager of a department of the
work.
The Ladies' Aid Society of Beth
el Methodist Church will hold
bazaar of useful articles, for in
stance, beautiful quilts, hand made;
aprons, luncheon cloths. and other
nice articles for sale. Besides cakes
and pies and ice cream on sale.
The date is Tuesday evening. No
2S.
Mrs. Lille II. Belts and daugh-
ter. Mrs. Edward Hickman. were
dinner guests of Mr.. and Mrs. FL
wood Lynch on Sunday.
Norman Calhoun. Jr.. who is serv-
ing in the Coast Guard at Pope's
Island. Va. spent his leave with
his wife and daughter.
Milford chronicle., 1944-11-17


Mrs. Cal C. Bishop observed an
other birthday on November z. ]
understand she has attained the
three-score year and ten. Congrat-
ulations to Mrs. Bishop.
Mrs. Effie Latchum has been Wis
iting her sister, Mrs. Laura Baker
at Selbyville.
Mr.. and Mrs. Ernest Kitchens,
the former is in the Navy, visited
their home here and Mr.. and Mrs.
Dallas Kitchens coming from
Brooklyn, N. Y.
Mrs. Andrew Murray, the daugh-
ter of the late Mr.. and Mrs. Charlie
McCabe of Showells, Md, accom-
panied her aunt, Mrs. Martha Con-
oway of Georgetown, after a pleas
ant visit with her niece and nep-
hew. Mr.. and Mrs. Andrew Murray
Mrs. Lena Gray has been spend
ing several days with her daugh-
ter, Mrs. Edna Dunbar in Philadel-
phia.
Engineer Stephen Knox, who is
in the Navy, is on U. S. Destroy
er.
Mr.. and Mrs. l.. NJ. Kaufman and
son Charles were dinner guests at
the home of Mr.. and Mrs. Robert
Wiley at Millville on Sunday eve
ming.
Sergeant Harry Mitchell of Fort
DUPONT. spent Sunday with his par
ents. Mr.. and Mrs. John C. Mitchell
and brother. Mr.. and Mrs. Willis
and daughter Connie.
The Loyal Workers Sunday
school class was entertained at the
home of Mrs. Handy |. Quillen at
Millville on Tuesday evening of
this week.
Milford chronicle., 1944-11-17

and Mrs. Edgell Coates of Houston
Mr.. and Mrs. Alvah O'Bier OF
Greenwood and Mrs. Fred Lord
and daughter Connie of this city
Mr.. and Mrs. Augustus S. Raugh-
ley entertained a number OF friends
on Sunday in honor of the 80 tn.
birthday of the formers father, Mr.
Samuel E. Raughley. The children
were among those present: Mr..
and Mrs. H. B. Alloway OF Black
wood. New Jersey, Mrs. Richard
Foraker of Camden Del; Nh and
Mrs. Clarence Raushley and son,
John and Mrs. Edward Raughley
all of this city.
The ladies' OF Aianship church
are making big preparations to
serve their annual turkey dinner
which is contiGuOus and IGns for
several hours on Thanksgiving
Day.
A surprise birthday dinner was
rendered to Mrs. William Moore of
WILMINGTON and Walter Moore of
Milford. The dinner was held at
the home of Mr.. and Mrs. William
ClarkSon near this city. The honor
ed guests were taken by surprise
when seated at the dinner table.
someone struck up Happy Birth
day to You" The guests included
Mr.. Charles Warren, ClaymOnt;
Mr. and Mrs. William Moore. Mrs.
Anna Wyatt and grandson. Charles,
Mr.. Wilson Ferguson and Mr.
James Scully all of Wilmington;
Mrs. Wilmer Abbott and son OF
Marshallton and Mrs. Alvin Moore
and Mrs Virginia Clarkson of this
city.
Armistice Day was observed at
Asbury Methodist Church on Sun
day morning by service in memo
ry and in honor of the boys and
sirls who have gone from the
church to various parts of the
world in the armed service of the
United States. A large V was plac-
ed in front of the pulpit on which
were III candles representing each
individual in the armed service. As
the pastor. the Reverend II. V.
BranfOrd, called the names, repre-
sentatives of each ones family
rose and stood until the candle was
lighted. One gold candle was light
ed in memory of Staff Sergeant
Harry S. Raughley son of Mr.. and |
Mrs. Clarence f. Raughley, while |
the audience stood for a moment of
silence in his honor. Flowers for
the altar vases were presented to
the service by Electrician Mate SIC (.
James O'Neal. U. S. N. now serving
in the Mediterranean area in /
memory of his best pal, Harry S. 4
Raughley, and a basket of chrysan-
themums were presented in his
memory by his parents. Another
beautiful basket of chrysanthemum
were presented by Mr.. and Mrs. II. .
j. Ramsdell in honor of their son,
Pfc. Alden ]. Ramsdell of Della /
wares own 198th. who has been
stationed in the South Pacific for
nearly three years. Two army nur-
ses have gone from this church,
J lieutenant Sara Clifton, in Austria
liza, and Lieutenant Sara Taylor i'm
England. The Junior Choir direct
ed by Miss Elizabeth Slotter, sang
q special number. A short sermon
was delivered by the pastor to a
large audience which was composs
ed of many bows in uniform who
were home on furlough.
Mrs. Mae Knootz. Clara Knootz
and Gene Knootz and Mrs. William
.. Hearn spent Friday of last week
with Mr.. and Mrs. James E. Hearn
It Lincoln City.
Milford chronicle., 1944-11-17

4
Mrs. Elsie Deputy Of PhIladel-
phia spent the weekend with her
parents, Mr.. and Mrs Nathaniel
Coverdale.
Dinner guests at the home OF
Mr.. and Mrs. Henry Warren on
Sunday were Mr.. and Mrs. Martin
Kibler and children of Greensboro,
Md, Mrs. Harry Swain and son
Rogers and Mrs. Jay Watson and
son Of Cedar Neck
Due to illness Mrs. Swain has.
been confined to the house for
several weeks.
Services for Sunday, November
10:
Morning worship and sermon at
10 a. m.
Church School at IL a. m.
NJ. Y. r. at p. m.
Preaching at 1880 p. m.
Slaughter Neck: Church School
at 2 p. m. Preaching at 3 p. m.
Rev. Thos. Brinton, Pastor.
Buy WAR BONDS.
Milford chronicle., 1944-11-17

On account of the price of feed
many residents are processing
their brOilers that they have been
raising for home use. They state
they can place their young chick
ems in glass jars for use in winter
and thus save the feed bills.
Milford chronicle., 1944-11-17

Buy WAR BONDS.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-05-28
Goebbels' Threat
May Boomerang
Allies TO Step Up Air
Raids Upon Germany

LONDON, May u dNS)-The
effectiveness of the Allied aerial
blasting of Germany was pointed
up today as Nazi propaganda min
lister Goebbels limited darkly at
reprisals against captured Allied
airmen.
In an article printed in the
Voelkischer, the Nazi party news
paper. Goebbels said that only
armed guards had been able 10
protect downed Allied filters. He
added:
ut hardly seems possible and
t0lerable 10 us any longer to
use German police and armed
forces against the German
people when they treat tho
murderers OF their children as
they deserve"
Along with the threats against
d wned fliers, Goebels stated
that Germany's war potential had
been hit "up 10 l per cent he
added that the remaining 80 per
cent of the bombings hit civilian
sections.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-05-28
Ward Co. Loses Suit
Over Clothing Price

CHICAGO, May II -tUP)-
Montgomery Ward lost today in
a legal battle with the OPA over
ceiling price violations on women's
girls and children's outer gar.
. nnents in several OF the firms 60C
stores and through its mail order
business.
y, The u. S. Circuit Court OF APP
peals upheld an injunction by =
lower court restraining the bis
mail order firm from charging
over maximum prices on these
articles in an opinion handed
down by Judge Otto Kerner