davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1944-09-13
Letters to The Star
Believes Free Enterprise Cause
of Unrest and War

To the Editor Of The Star:
In Letters to The Star, September Q,
Economist" declares that both politi-
cal parties have shown themselves un-
able to solve the problem of creating
jobs and prosperity; and that, while we
can produce plenty Of goods, we cam
not create an equivalent plenty of pur-
chasing power-in other words the more
we produce, the more we are in want.
And the same writer tells us that the
reason for this Is to be found in the
economic system under which we oper-
ate.
On the same date from slightly diff
ferent angle, Henry Ware Allen touches
on the same problem, assuring us that
1t is not the function Of Government
to guarantee citizens freedom from
fear and want and that in attempting
to do SO we are assuming the role of
God, who Is the author OF the i'm
mutable laws Of supply and demand.
In The Star editorial of September
8, THE Campaign Begins" the editor
notes Gov. Dewey's charge that the
New Deal had not solved the problem
OF unemployment and asks: "But what
about Gov. Dewey, and the Republican
party? Have they plan which offers
any greater hope?
In his acceptance address, however,
Gov. Dewey said: Never again must
free Americans face the specter of
long continued mass unemployment.
Hearing his affirmation. Immediately
wrote him congratulating him on his
brave words but reminding him that
he had not suggested any plan for the
accomplishment of the desired objec-
tive.
Gov. Dewey turned my letter over
to his campaign committee, and 1t
advised me that the demands of the
campaign does not permit the candi-
date to answer individual questions.
In recent essay contest for a sue
cessful plan for postwar employment
this same dilemma confronted the 35,-
787 entrants who had the courage to
offer plans. OF the II winners all agreed
with Economist" as to our ability to
produce, and they tried hard to find
ways to create that necessary purchas-
ing power. The plans submitted fell
fiat. number of them pointed out
the role of the profit motive as a brake
on any plan proposed.
In the 200 years or more since free
enterprise has been the dominating
economic system. there never has been
full employment except under Govern
ment direction in time of war. So. if
We insist upon free enterprise, the gen.
eral experience of mankind seems to
be that we must have unemployment.
But then We must take the conse-
quences. Unemployment gives rise to
internal unrest within the nations of
the world. and this in turn creates in
ternational distrust and strife, and so
causes war all over again.
S. L. HOOVER.
Evening star., 1944-09-13

fathers" intended the National Leg
islature to have control OF the ways
and means by which lands and
their inhabitants might be brought
within the body OF the Republic, the
single qualifying or restricting pro-
vision included in the language be-
ing that: mo new State shall be
formed or erected within the iuris-
diction of any other State, nor any
State be formed by the junction of
two or more States or parts of
States without the consent of the
Legislatures of the States concerned,
as well as of the Congress-"
Now, of course, Hawaii, Alaska
and Puerto Rico already are posses
sions" Of the United States. 1t prob
ably is accurate to say that their
present status resembles that of
"the western lands" of the conti-
mental area in the period following
the Revolution when, as Professor
Myers says, the settlers thereof
were preparing for local self-gov-
ernment with the objective
of their final admission as States
into the Union" The ordinance
for the government of the terri
tory of the United States north
west of the Ohio River, passed in
1887, forms "the basis upon which
all public lands and even foreign
possessions of the United States
have been organized in various de-
grees for their administration" ever
since. Professor Myers continues:
AS soon as an organized territory
had maintained government
under these conditions and had
grown in population to position
SUFFICIENT to justify, in the varying
public opinion of the times, its ad-
mission as State, the United States
Congress has passed a specific en-
abling act.
There may be room for argument
as to whether Hawaii, Alaska and
Puerto Rico have maintained self
government" according to the in
tent of Congress in 1877 and as set
forth again in the Southwest Terri
tory Act of 1890, but there can be no
question about the power Of Con-
gress to approve statehood for
them whenever and largely under
whatever conditions 1t wishes.
Evening star., 1944-09-13

aviators now are forced to fly over
long distances or take OF from carriers
in order to drop their bomhs on Japan.
American military and naval authori-
ties are confident that Japan can be
defeated, even If we have to fight her
single-handed. But they also agree
that our task would be greatly hghtened
II the rest Of our war associates chip In
with their military, naval and air forces.
Instead Of collapsing within q year
after the defeat Of Germany u Japan
would have to fold up within few
months after the Russian and the
British forces reached their concen-
tratibn areas.
AL these matters, according to reliable
reports, were discussed at Teheran.
There was deep secrecy, because, it was
said, Russia was not willing to go out
on limb until she was positive that the
Allies would be successful in operations
in Western Europe. These sources re-
port that Stain reduces strategy to its
simplest expression
When the discussion about the Ger
man military potential came up and the
British military experts advocated an
al-out Allied attack from the Medi-
terranean and through the Balkans,
Stain retorted that the war would be
won by defeating Germany and not her
satellites. Only determined attack
from the west and the east, with every
thing the powers had at their disposal,
would end the war this year.
Stain objected to any other operations
which would give Germany time to
strengthen her internal situation and
improve her home defenses.
The Soviet leader is said to have ap-
Piled the same argument in regard to
Japan. But he insisted that, SO far as
Russia was concerned, it would be idle
even to speculate on what she could dc
in the Far East until the European
burden was taken of her shoulders. He
was only vaguely interested in our op-
erations in the Southwestern Pacific
These were mainly amphibious and
naval activities about which he knew
very little. But he is reliably reported
to have assured MI Roosevelt that If
everything in Europe went according to
his plans, both militarily and politically,
the United States may count on Russian
support In the Far East.
Evening star., 1944-09-13

ture Of NaNism and the atrocities COM
mitted on Russian soil
Nor did I find anything surprising
In this attitude. For although nv
arguments have been those of the demo-
cratic and Christian world, they are
also good MARKHAM arguments Marxi-
anlsm has never accepted-any more
than the Pope does-the theory of
good" and bad nations, but has al
ways differentiated between the SUBJ
merged masses of the people and the
leadership with imperialistic aims. In
the Russian revolution, the new Soviet
leaders, Of whom Stain was one, held
their predecessors. the imperial Russian
government, responsible for the last war
and the defeat. To the annoyance of,
the Western world, they published docu-
ments proving the war guilt of Mr.
Sasonov, Foreign Minister under the
Gar. But never once did they advance
the theory that the Russian nation
should be destroyed by dismemberment,
or its people put under so years occu-
patton, because of the crimes commit
ted by the Gar and his followers.
The reality Is that the Russian
pCoPic, luiiOuS dt tllelT government,
overthrew it, established totally differ
ent system, and denied responsibility for
everything that government had done
including economic debts. They accept
ed Carthaginian peace-on paper
but never in their hearts. and as a
result OF this war intend to reverse 1t.
\ X
For instance-what are Russia's war
aims concerning Germany? 1t is now
becoming clear that we must differenti-
ate between various groups in Germany
whether We like 1t or not For, as Mr..
Lippman has observed-very late I must
say-only by the collaboration of some
Germans can we shorten the tedious
and dangerous business of occupying
Germany"
Mr.. Lippman also has discovered that
the business of occupying and admin
istering a country by three separate
powers presents problems almost in
soluble. Mr.. Lippman also sees that
the only Germans worth their salt to
us will be patriotic Germans and lovers
Of freedom, who will hate Hitlerism
for the same reasons we do. It is rather
late to discover such Germans, but the
truth is that they will only discover
themselves, In response to some con-
structive policy.
1t would be a contribution to this most
important and fateful discussion If
Izvestia would advance such a construc-
tive policy
released by the Bell Syndicate, Inc)
Evening star., 1944-09-13
This Changing World
By Consf0nfine BrOvn

For the first time In manv months
newspapers in this country have been
given the green light to speculate on the
chances Of Russia joining her associ-
ates in the near future In the war
against Japan.
Reporters attending the Quebec meet
ings between President Roosevelt and
Prime Minister Churchill were en-
couraged to comment on the prospects
OF the Red armies attacking the Japa-
nese from Siberia soon after the COL
lapse of the Reich.
1t is true that Premier Stain and his
representatives at the Dunlbarton Oaks
conference are still maintaining an
attitude Of strict neutrality. The Rus
sian leader has offered as an oficial
excuse for his refusal to attend the
Quebec meeting the fact that he was
too busy conducting the strategy Of the
war on the eastern front.
The unofiicial explanation given by
Informed" authorities at Quebec was
that the time had not yet come for him
to shed the neutrality against Japan
and join the American and British
groups in the discussion of the military
strategy to be adopted against the
Japs. In Washington, the Russian
representatives are ready to leave the
Dumbarton Oaks conference room as
soon as the Chinese enter 1t. All this
is done to safeguard the appearances of
Russia's strict neutrality in the Far
Eastern conflict.
But some of President Roosevelts
1ntimates reveal that the whole matter
of the timeliness of Russias joining
in the war against Japan was discussed
at length at Teheran after the political
and boundary problems had been dis
cussed and settled to the full satisfac-
ton of the Russian Premier. Accord
Ing to these sources, Premier Stain
himself raised the question of how to
finish the war quickly after Germany
has been defeated and agreed that once
the Russians are no longer engaged in
battle against Hitler's armies, a large
section Of his forces could be trans
ferred to the Far East.
In such event the Maritime Provinces
with the important naval and air base
at Vladivostok of course could be placed
at the disposal of American aviation and
Japan could be bombed from the air
with greater ease than at present. Our
Evening star., 1944-09-13
As Maine Goes

In 1886 the old political adage,
"As Maine goes, so goes the Nation"
was, amended by the then Demo-
cratic National Chairman James A.
Farley to read: "As Maine goes, so
goes Vermont" This quip was borne
out by the election returns of that
year, and in other years, too, Maine
has proved undependable as a ma
tional political barometer.
Nevertheless, the percentage of
the Republican vote in Maine in
September, as distinguished from
mere Republican victory, has given
a good forecast of the result of the
national election in November. Since
1920, the Republicans have elected
their presidential candidate when
ever they have polled more than go
per cent of the Maine, congressional
vote in September. In the last three
presidential elections the COP failed
to get so per cent of Names con-
gressiopal vote. In the preceding
three elections. however, which the
Republicans won. they went above
60 per cent in Names September
contests. The COP percentages for
those years we're 68 per cent in 1920,
81 per cent in 1924 and 10 per cent
in 1928, when Herbert Hoover swept
the country.
In this weeks congressional con-
tests the Republicans received II
per cent of all votes cast In the three
districts. In the second district
alone, which is sometimes preferred
as being more reliable in the absence
Of senatorial contest, the COP
total was a litsli better than So per
Evening star., 1944-09-13
Quebec Discussions
By Maj. Georee FieJdine Eliot

QUEBEC, Sept. 12-Perhaps the most
important point that can now be made
about the present Quebec conference
is that it bears roughly the same rela-
ton, in point of timing, to the Jap
anese war that the Quebec conference
of August, ls43, bore to the German war.
In both cases, the conference marked
the passing of the war, at the planning
level. from the preliminary and pre-
paratory stage to the decisive stage. In
both cases. the conference was called
when the military preparations and ad-
vances had reached a point at which 1t
was possible to plan the great decisive
strokes in which major forces close in
upon the enemy to finish him of. And
in both cases, it became necessary to
secure the closest sort OF Anglo-Ameri-
can cooperation for these plans. in
order that there should be the most
efficient employment of the very large
forces available.
the European theater of operations, for
example, which has done, under the
direction of Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower,
SO UldSulllCellt d JoU LII carrying Out Vic
invasion of Western Europe and bring
ing five Allied armies into line along
the western frontier of Germany, was
in large part a creature of the Quebec
conference of 1943.
There seems little reason to doubt
that one of the most important ques-
tions to be discussed at this present
Quebec conference will be arrangements
for the command of inter-Allied forces
closing in on Japan This does not, of
course, necessarily mean that an exactly
similar setup to SHAEF will be estab-
lished In the Pacific. It does mean
that the various elements of Allied mill
tary power In the Pacific area must
hereafter be more closely co-ordinated.
These include the Pacific Ocean
forces of the United States Fleet, under
Admiral Chester w. Nimitz; the South
west Pacific command. under Gen.
Douglas Macarthur; the Southeast
Asia command, under Admiral Lord
Louis Mountbatten, and the Chinese
armies Of Generalissimo Chang Kali
shek. Included in these forces are the
China Burma India theater under Gen.
Joseph w. stilwell and the United
Evening star., 1944-09-13

States 14th Air Force in China, under
Maj. Gen. Claire l.. Chennault.
At present Admiral Nimitz and Gen.
Macarthur cooperate under the direc-
ton of the combined chiefs of staff in
Washington: Gen. Stilwell is supposed
to be under Lord Louis Mountbatten,s
command, but he Is also chief of staff
to Chang Kai-shek, and there are other
loose ends which need to be tied up as
the Allied forces move in for efforts on
larger and more decisive scale
1t Is, OF course. obvious that while
these discussions are primarily military
in nature, because they seek to achieve
military ends, there are many political
questions involved which cannot be sep
arated from the military discussions
That is the reason why these matters
cannot be settled simply by meeting
between the various chiefs of staff The
decisions at the highest level must be
made, or at least must be approved by
the highest political authority of the
nations involved.
In this case. while the Chinese are
not represented here, there is general
feeling in informed quarters that the
Chinese will be kept advised Of the prog
ress of the discussions. and 1t may very
well turn out that later on full-dress
discussion will be held at which the Chi
nese plans will be co-ordinated with
those Of the Anglo-American powers
which are now ready to advance in a
campaign one of whose ultimate objec-
tives is to rescue China from the
clutches of Japan.
=, y
But it is also clear that the initial
power-drive must be made by the forces
of the United States and those of the
British Commonwealth, and it is those
power drives which seem likely to form
the main subject of the military discus
sions now in progress at Quebec
The making of war at thousands of
miles distance from the sources of power
is slow and ponderous business at best,
and If at times the public tends to
become impatient with the scarcity Of
news or the seeming lack OF tangible
accomplishment. the sheer physical eff
fort involved in switching major war
effort from one ocean to another on
opposite sides Of the globe should be kept
In mind.
tcop,rishx us44. New Yssk Tribune. lnsJ
Evening star., 1944-09-13
Diseouroeine Mining
From the Toronto TELEGRAM


In the recent annual report Of the
Canadian National Railways. emphasis
was placed upon the foresight of the
management in setting up reserves to
meet in the postwar period the cost of
maintenance work which had necessarily
to be deferred. What Is foresight for
the Canadian National Is not permitted
to mining company. While many
mines have laid golden eggs, there
should be no disposition on part Of
the taxing authorities to kill them. That
mining in Canada will need all the en-
couragement 1t can get is suggested by
the report Of Consulting Engineer Oliver
Hall, who asserts that the rapid exhaus-
ton OF known Canadian mines is creat-
ing a crisis that necessitates geological
work and prospecting on a national
Rca1o
Evening star., 1944-09-13
A Solemn Moment
From the Belfast Telegraph.

1t Is solemn thing for any people to
send out its youth to fight on foreign
shore In the certain knowledge that at
the best the price must be grievous. For
many Of the bravest and best it is a
rendezvous with death ION some SCARED
slope of battered hill" or at midnight
in some flaming town." like Caen. That
is why it is right that people should
assemble in church, even while the issue
Is still In the balance to give thanks for
the courage of these men and the ideal
ism that inspires this whole crusade and
to pray that the purpose may be worthy
OF so great a sacrifice.
Evening star., 1944-09-13
Mr.. StuIin Declines

The language of the note in which
Marshal Stain declined an invita-
ton to attend the current Quebec
discussions undoubtedly is broad
enough to accommodate the inter-
pretatlon that he was signifying an
Intent to join the United States and
Britain in the war against japan
when the Germans are finally
beaten. But it would seem the part
OF wisdom not to build too much on
this assumption, for the note could
just as easily mean that Mr.. Stain
has no such thought in mind.
Mr.. Stain touched off the specu-
latlon by informing the President
and Mr.. Churchill that he could not
leave Russia "at the present time"
because the developing Soviet offen-
sive required his presence at home.
To this must be added the Associ-
ated Press dispatch which was per-
mitted to clear through Moscow
censorship, and which quoted for
eign observers in the Russian
capital as believing there is a strong
possibility that the Russian British
American military partnership will
become effective elsewhere" after
the Germans collapse.
Furthermore, Russia has a very
substantial national interest in the
outcome of the war with Japan and
in the whole question Of the future
of the Far East. The next decade
or so should witness enormous de-
velopment of Russia'S Far Eastern
territory. Such matters as the
maintenance of peace in the Pacific,
adequate outlets to the ocean trade
routes, the expansion of air travel
facilities, ETC., will become of press
ing concern to the government in
Moscow. For these and other
reasons Russia will want to share
in the decisions to be made when
Japan is beaten, and her position
unquestionably would be stronger in
this respect If she should come to
the peace table as partner rather
than an onlooker in the hard fight
that will have to be Waged against
Japan after the war in Europe ends.
Nevertheless, the fact remains
that Russia has entered into a non
aggression treaty with Japan, ard
the japanese, if only for reasons
of self-interest, have lived up to
both the letter and spirit of that
agreement. This was of the greatest
benefit to the Russians during the
dark days when the Germans were
driving to the Volga. II the Japa-
nese continue to respect this treaty,
as they undoubtedly will, what
excuse would Russia find for joining
the war against them? And beyond
this, Stain, in the absence of
legitimate provocation, may hesitate
to scrap his treaty with Japan.
When the last shot of this war has
been fired, the victorious Allies will
want to enter into an international
peace agreement, the value of which
will depend upon each nations will
ingness to abide by the treaty obli-
cations that 1t will have to assume.
In view of this, and despite the
great benefits that would flow to
us from a Russian declaration of
war against Japan, we ought not to
overlook the fact that Stain may
hesitate to scrap his treaty with the
japanese on the eve of signing the
treaty upon which the future peace
Of the world will depend.
Evening star., 1944-09-13
Too Much Money?
To the Editor OF The Star:

To the Editor of The Star:
May I be permitted to make some
comments on your editorial. Taxes and
Jobs?"
You say it is not the corporation which
pays the tax on corporation earnings,
but the workers who pay it in lower
wages, the investors who pay it in
smaller dividends, or the consumers who
pay 1t in higher prices for the product
| the corporation sells" But I find it hard
TO figure this out. I can understand
corporation taxes having the effect Of
reducing stockholders dividends. That
Is what high taxes on corporation earn
ings are supposed to do. just as high
taxes on my husbands income are sup
posed to result. and have in fact re-
suited, in a reduction of my household
allowance and the spending allowances
of our children
However, l just can't understand your
notion that the corporations make the
consumers and the workers pay their
taxes for them. If that were true. it
seems to me we should have very sad
state of affairs, indeed. 1t would mean
that our society is completely helpless
against business profiteering, and that
whenever the Government tries to tax
away unfair and excessive profits, the
all-powerful corporation simply jacks
up the prices that we housewives pay or
slashes the wages that our husbands
bring home. I can't believe that this is
the thought that either you or the
Committee for Economic Development
are trying to convey If this is what
you really have in mind. and if you have
definite evidence to support your belief.
shouldn't you ask the Department of
Justice to take a hand with antitrust
prosecution rather than ask Congress
to lower or do away with corporation
taxes?
You also say that taxes on corpora
tions take vital and enormous funds
out OF the stream of business operations
when they are most likely to be used
to increase production, create more jobs,
pay out more wages or reduce the price
Of goods to be sold" This, too, puzzles
me in view of the constant reports in
the papers that business firms have
more money than they know what to do
with. When I mentioned your state
ment to my husband, he called my at
tention to letter written by Mariner
Eccles, chairman of the Federal Reserve
Board, to Senator OMahoney in con-
nection with his investigation of post
war planning The letter seems to me
to be quite in point. For in reply to
the Senator's inquiry as to whether
enough funds are available for business
investment, Mr.. Eccles wrote: THE
fundamental fact of the matter is that
we are beset by scarcities on all sides
in the way of materials, of manpower,
of transportation and Of plant. The one
thing Of which there is no shortage is
money of any kind. There is an abun-
dance of money, both for investment
and for current spending" I presume
that when the war is over the shortages
Mr.. Eccles mentions-materials, man
power, transportation and plant-will
disappear. But who is going to swallow
up the abundance Of money now in
the hands of corporations and wealthy
individuals? ROSE GINZBURG.