davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1944-01-13
Summary Of War Program
Estimates of Expenditures
And APPROXIMATIONS

1t is now expected that war ex-
penditures (including net outlays
of Government corporations for war
activities) for the current fiscal
year will amount to $4,000, ,000, 900,
So, 900 100000 below the $100, ,000, ,000,-
900 estimate submitted in my budget
message Of a year ago. In certain
types of munitions we have fallen
short of our objectives, but by and
large the cut in the estimate of eX-
penditures is due to changes in the
war program.
For the fiscal year 1945-the year
ending 18 months hence-war ex-
penditures are estimated at S90,0O0,-
100000 I emphasize, however, that
this estimate is tentative; it is
based on the assumption that the
war will continue throughout the
fiscal year 1945. In our military
planning, in our production plan
ming and in our financial planning
we cannot rely with safety on hopes
of earlier victory. If the war should
Evening star., 1944-01-13
Munpower DemobiIizotion
And Re-employment

Demobilization Of war workers
and members Of the armed forces
also starts long before the war ends.
Since January /, 1912, we have dis
charged a million men and women
from active military duty because of
age, physical and mental disabili-
ties and other reasons.
Both servicemen and war workers
will need active help. in finding their
way back into gainful and produc-
tive peacetime employment. Many
have gained exceptional skills and
shown managerial ability in war
time; they should have an oppor-
tunity to contribute these skills and
aptitudes to civilian activities.
Certain unemployment rights in
private and Government employ
ment have been assured to members
Of the armed forces and, in limited
instances, to those who transferred
to war jobs. Many of these will
be able to resume their prewar en-
ployment. This war, however, is
causing substantial changes in the
geographic, chronological, and
market structures of industry. Many
employers will be recruiting en-
ployes in excess of their .prewar labor
force. Many employees and ex-serv-
icemen will be looking for new en-
ployment opportunities because they
had no employment before the war
or because their previous jobs no
longer exist. o,r
1t is imperative that we be on
guard against any weakening of the
administrative agencies which have
been established for the purpose OF
Job placement, counseling, and train
ing. To master this great task of re-
employment we must maintain and
strengthen during the demobilization
period a unified national employ
ment and counseling service. Ade-
quate provisions for job re-training,
education, and rehabilitation must
supplement the placement service.
Special measures are needed to in
crease the opportunities for the en-
ployment of ex-servicemen, particu-
larly those disabled In war service.
Evening star., 1944-01-13
Budget Message Asks
Record Food Output,
Cut in Crop Payments
Ey the Associated Press.

81 the AsS0Cleteo &AS~'
President Roosevelt today called
for the greatest production OF food
on record to meet expanding war
demands In q budget message which
eliminated major crop benefit pay
ments to farmers for the first time
since the birth Of the Agricultural
Adjustment Administration In 1888.
Declaring that 1914 will be even
more critical than last year. on the
food front, the Chief Executive pre-
dicted that, barring unfavorable
weather, farm production would be
even greater than the record OF 1943.
Mr.. Roosevelt's plea for more food
was made in connection with q rec
ommendation to Congress that Agri-
culture Department spending in the
1945 fiscal year be reduced $314,000,.
600, or nearly 80 per cent.
Direct appropriations. under the
Presidents proposal, would total
$658, $40 ,592, compared with $972.-
583, 1854 appropriated for the current
fiscal year ending June 30. These
figures include funds for the War
Food Administration.
Mr.. Roosevelt's recommendation
would give the department its small
est appropriation since 1884, when
$538, 900 900 was provided.
The recommendation did not in
clude, however, funds to carry out
food and farm subsidy phases of the
administrations stabilization pro-
gram. The President previously had
asked Congress to authorize a bill
lion-dollar subsidy program, Of
which roughly $40O, 900 900 would be
paid from funds Of the departments
Commodity Credit Corp, obtained
in loans from the Reconstruction
Finance Corp.
On AAA crop payments, Mr.
Roosevelt said:
Much OF the Governments as
sistance to agriculture in the past
10 years has been intended to re-
establish farmers purchasing power.
This has been achieved-and more.
Farm prices in 1943 were lis per
cent Of parity and farm income In
1943 is estimated at $50 per cent Of
parity"
The President said the problem
'is no longer to increase farm prices
generally, but rather to adjust rela-
tionships among prices Of the vari-
GUS farm products in harmony with
relative production needs"
Evening star., 1944-01-13
President Declares
Home Front Needs
Must Wait on War
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
President Roosevelt said to-
day that production of civilian
goods would be resumed just as
fast as munitions requirements
would permit-but no faster.
I'm number of cases." he re-
ported in his budget message,
labor and material have been
released for urget domestic
needs Of indirect war impor-
tance.
I'VE shall release for civilian
production any facilities, man
power, or raw materials that are
no longer needed for war pro-
duction, but only when we are
sure that by doing 80 we shall
not impair the war effort"
Evening star., 1944-01-13

In view Of these prospective def
cits, recommend the earliest pos
sible enactment of additional fiscal
legislation. %
The amount which the Federal r
trust funds, especially the old-ageo
and survivors insurance fund, can
invest In Treasury bonds has been
estimated under the assumption
that the increased Federal insure
ance contribution rates which were
scheduled for January 1, 1914, will Il
become effective on March /, 1914.
The Congress decided to postpone =
the effective date Of the increase
so days in order to gain time foH
further consideration of the in.,
crease In Social Security rates. =
i earnestly urge the Congress to Il;
retain at this time the scheduled
increase in rates. High employ
ment and low rates of retirement
during the war have added to social
insurance reserves. However. LA
bilities for future benefits based
(see TEXT Or MESSAGE, Pc. AID
Evening star., 1944-01-13
TotoI Federal Expenditures

The estimates of Federal expendi-
lures are intimately related to the
stabilization program. If we per-
init general increases in wages in
the war industries, in farm prices,
or in profits on war contracts, Fed
eral expenditures will increase cor
respondingly. The estimates pre-
sented in this budget are based on
the assumption that the wage and
price line will be held, and 1 am con-
vinced that the line can be held.
Wages, farm prices, and profits have
reached levels which should be ex-
ceeded only in rare cases Of special
war requirements and not by at
tempts of pressure groups to pro-
mote their special interests. II we
take the point of view that our
efforts to secure stabilization can be
relaxed just because production is
nearing its peak. We shall be sacri-
fcing one of the main objectives
of the stabilization programme re-
duce the dangers of economic dis
organization in the demobilization
period.
The following figures summarize
Federal expenditures in recent years
for the war program, for interest on
the public debt, and for all other
activities: rs
Evening star., 1944-01-13

the permanent management of Gov
ernment property. To provide a
foundation for such coordination,
I hope that machinery for the per-
manent management of Government
property can be established In the
very near future.
Evening star., 1944-01-13

barely half the comparable total
of $5,897 ,000, 900 expended in 1899.
1t is $571 ,000, 900 below the revised
estimates for the current fiscal year.
This latter decrease will occur
despite some increases in so-called
"nonwar" expenditures. Among
the increases are $129 ,000, 900 in
some subdivisions Of the Treasury,
Justice, State and Agriculture De-
partments, the General Accounting
Once, the National Advisory Com
mittee for Aearonautics and the
Social Security program. For the
most part, these increases reflect
war necessitated expansions Of
workloads under "nonwar" appro-
priations. Major. reductions are
expected in aids to agriculture, gen.
eral public works, work relief, the
Department of Commerce, War De-
partment civil functions, and the
Federal Works Agency. These
items total $553,000, 900 less than
the corresponding items for the
present fiscal year. The Post Once
expects to have no deficit but rather
a surplus Of 1000, 900.
For all purposes other than direct
war activities, I am recommending
appropriations, In general and spe-
cial accounts, Of $10,115, 900 900, in
cluding $3,750, ,000, 900 for interest on
the public debt and $500 ,000, 900 for
statutory debt retirement under per-
manent appropriation. The total Of
$5,775, 900, 900 for other purposes is
an increase of 81 ,321 ,000, 900 over the
amount enacted by the Congress for
the current fiscal year including an
ticipated supplemental appropria-
tions. This increase, like the ex-
penditure estimates, reflects pri-
marily the large volume of veterans
benefits and tax refunds occasioned
by the present war, and if these
items are excluded there is q de-
crease Of $434, 900 900.
The estimated expenditures and
recommended appropriations assume
application of the Overtime Pay Act
with present coverage Throughout
the fiscal year 1945. Current pro-
visions for overtime pay for most
Federal Government employees have
been operative only since May
1913; they will expire June 30, 1945
unless terminated earlier by the
Congress.
The overtime pay law provides fol
quarterly determinations by the di.
rector OF the Bureau of the Budget
of the number of employees required
for the proper and efficient exercise
Of the functions of each department
or agency. Although nearly half the
civilian personnel Of the Govern
r FISCAL YEARS 1s42-1s45.
Evening star., 1944-01-13
The War Program
EOyYr pho COG ir, tho VNor Drorro,

Four Phases in the War Program
, AS we win the battle of producing
the instruments of modern war, we
enter the period of decisive action
on many battlefields throughout the
world We have attained superiority
In war production. Production alone,
however, does not assure victory.
We must fight and fight hard.
In June, 1910, when France fell,
we recognized that we were in
mortal danger and that only by
building our strength to the utmost
would we have a chance to maintain
peace or to attain victory if we were
attacked. We then embarked on u
program Of preparedness, converting
our factories and constructing a new
munitions industry of gigantic size.
At the time of Pearl Harbor we
were in the first stages of training
the Army, strengthening the Navy
and developing munitions in
dustry.
In the period of defensive war we
had to be satisfied with fighting a
delaying action and with delivering
munitions to our Allies while we
gained precious time.
The anxious year of defensive
warfare came to an end with the
attack on Guadalcanal and the in
vasion of Africa in late 1912. Thus
began the period of aggressive de-
ployment of our forces. During that
time we had to build up and fill up
the pipe lines for military supplies
of all kinds as well as establish
material reserves for future aggres-
sive operations. The munitions pro-
gram was then limited only by our
productive resources and shipping
facilities.
With pride in the overall achieve
ments of American management and
labor, I can say that we are now
we'll equipped; with pride in the
military leadership of the Allied
forces, can say that we are now in
a strategic position to make full use
Of our equipment for decisive blows
by land, by sea and by air.
The size and composition of our
war expenditures reflect these var
ious phases of the preparedness and
war program, as the following table
indicates:
WAR EXPI
Including net outI1uS of
Evening star., 1944-01-13
Tert OF President Roosepelt's
message to Congress transmit.
ting the budget for the fiscal
year beginning July I, tollo,os:

To the Congress of the United
States:
The budget transmitted herewith
covers the period ending June 80,
1945. This is period which I am
certain will be crucial in the history
of the United States and of man
kind, period which will see de-
cisive action in this global war.
While we move toward complete
defeat Of our enemies, we must lay
the groundwork to return the Nation
to peaceful pursuits. This double
task Is the essence of the Govern
ment's program and must be re-
fected in the budget.
The budget for the fiscal year
1945 anticipates a total of Federal
expenditures Gin general and spe-
cial accounts and net outlays Of
Government corporations, excluding
debt retiremenD of $10O, 900 ,O00, ,OOO-
slightly more than the revis>I esti-
mates for the fiscal year now under
way.
In substantial measure these ex-
penditures will be made under ap-
preparations already enacted. I am
transmitting herewith specific rec
concentrations for appropriations of
$4,000, 600, 900, Of which $1,000, ,O00,-
600 are for war purposes. For most
OF the war appropriations I shall
submit detailed recommendation in
the spring. I estimate that these
recommendation will amount to
$53 ,0O0, 100000. The estimated total
of $4,000, 100000 of appropriations
in the general and special accounts
for the fiscal year 1945 compares
with a total of 100000 100000 of
actual appropriations for the fiscal
year 1914. Reappropriations, addi-
tional to the above totals for recon-
mended new appropriations, are
estimated to be $4,000, 900, 900 for
the fiscal year 1945 and SIS, 900 ,0O0,-
600 for the fiscal year 1914. Since
there is always-and particularly for
war procurement-a lag between
appropriations and the related obli-
cations and subsequent expenditures,
a large part of the recommended
appropriations will not be trans
lated into expenditures until later
fiscal periods. We shall continue to
adjust our war program promptly
to changing strategic necessities,
and I shall use all the authority
available to the executive branch
to prevent needless expenditures.
Evening star., 1944-01-13
International Problems
Of Reudiustment

In the international field, as In the
domestic field, there is no sharp
distinction between war and post
war policies. For example, the pro-
gram under lease-lend and recip-
rocal lease-lend arrangements is de-
signed to facilitate the effective
prosecution Of the war and at the
same time to help lay the foundation
for postwar settlement and inter-
national prosperity.
We are now engaged In discussion
with other members of the United
Nations to work out plans to ex-
pedite the international flow of cap
ital into worthwhile long-term in
vestmentS, to remove obstacles to
international trade, and to stabilize
currencies. The United Nations are
working toward a permanent inter-
national organization for food and
agriculture We are also considering
cooperative arrangements to facili-
tate maritime and air transporta-
ton.
The success of these international
policies depends to a considerable
extent on the success of our domes-
tic demobilization policy, and vice
versa. The more prosperous the
United States, the more it will de-
mand the products of other coun-
tries. both in the form of raw ma
terials for its industries and in the
form OF manufactured goods to meet
consumers demands. Our purchases
will. in turn, provide other coun-
tries with the means to buy more
of our exports. More and more,
our prosperity and world prosperity
become interdependent
Evening star., 1944-01-13
$ss,7ss sss,27e $7s,e7s s34,2l1

ment are not covered by the act,
believe the determinations have ef-
fectively supplemented other budg-
etary controls. Other factors con-
tributing to savings In Government
use of manpower have been the
legislation authorizing overtime work
and pay, suggestions made by con-
gressional committees, general man
power controls, curtailment and con-
solidation of activities, and the un-
remitting efforts of the Civil Service
Commission and the heads Of operat-
ing agencies to use personnel more
effectively.
More than year ago I notified
the heads of all departments and
agencies that I expected them to
eliminate every non-vital service, to
seize every opportunity for improv-
ing the speed and efficiency of
operations, and to conserve man.
power, materials and money. Each
of these officials is now being asked
to take stock of what his agency
has accomplished and to continue
aggressive efforts for improvement
in the management and economical
functioning Of his organization.
One result of all these efforts has
been a material reduction in Gov
ernment personnel. The latest re-
ported total of paid civilian en-
Evening star., 1944-01-13

Excluding debt retirement funds.
On Millions.
% msd M tina tna.ss "a .esasl sas .esasi sasi
General and special accounts
Government corporations Expenditures
less receipts) $500 2s7s 2255
Total $2s2ss
Interest on public $3.50 1850 1903 1850
Other activities:
General and special
Veterans benefits
Refunds of customs
ing profits tax refund bonds
All other
Government corporations Expenditures
less receipts Is It's -l476 -44o
Total ures 1905 sooo Dts S7oe OH
Evening star., 1944-01-13

The = Did increase in war eX-
penditures mirrors gigantic effort.
We have converted and diverted
approximately half of our resources
to war purposes. In the production
of munitions we now almost equal
the rest of the world combined.
Expenditures for industrial facili-
ties and other war construction,
which reached their peak in the fall
of 1912, have declined since then
and will decline further. The total
$220O0,000,0 public and private
expansion of industrial plant and
equipment should suffice by and
large for the foreseeable needs of
the far-f1ung battle fronts and in
addition provide capacity for unex-
pected contingencies. Expenditures
for pay and subsistence of the armed
forces are still increasing because
of the continuing growth of our
military forces and increased allow
ances to the wives, children and
other dependents of our fighting
men. Expenditures for subsistence
and other purposes would have to
be higher were it not for the fact
that our field forces stationed
abroad are receiving considerable
supplies and services from our
Allies under reciprocal lease-lend
&r
Evening star., 1944-01-13
The Munitions Program

At the present time 1t is ex-
tremely difficult to estimate neces-
sary expenditures for munitions. In
the past such estimates we're based
on maximum output in the light of
available facilities, raw materials
and manpower. This maximum was
always less than enough to fill the
requirements established by our
military leaders.
The situation is quite different
now. We have excess supplies in
some types of munitions, deficiencies
In others. Whether at any time
we have an excess or deficiency
depends on rapidly changing stra-
tegic conditions. Every effort is
made to adapt production to these
changing conditions as promptly as
Evening star., 1944-01-13
corporations.
Estimated per cent of total
Period

. bass % Of SoSoooso0ooo0 fora asa yes year ie44 - ~ -
Evening star., 1944-01-13

SUMMARY OF FEDERAL FINANCES
Excluding debt retirement and trust funds
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1944-09-30
Tennessee State
Will Play Eight
Football Games

NASHVILLE - The 1914 foot
ball schedule of the Tennessee
A. and I. State College, at announ-
ced by the new coach, Henry A.
Kean, will include eight games.
October Z, Langston University in
Oklahoma City.
October IA, Langston University
in Nashville.
October IS, Clark College In At
lanta.
October Is, Wherefore Univer-
sity at Wilberforce.
November 4, Florida A. and M.
College at Tallahassee.
November IL, Clark College at
Nashville.
November 10, Open.
November Is, Florida A. and M.
College at Nashville.
November 80, Wilberforce at
Nashville - Homecoming.
Prospects for successful season
seem unusually bright, with forty
young men reporting to Coach
Kean for the first practice.
Coach Kean comes to Tennessee
State College as Professor of Health
and Physical Education Of Athletics
after successful career in SINH
lar position at Kentucky State Col
lege.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1944-09-30
BY EMORY o. JACKSON

BIRMINGHAM, Alas N 81
Ray Brown allowed one hit as he
shut out the Black BaronS 9 to
o at Redwood Thursday night to
give the Grays their third straight
in the Negro World Series.
The two teams move to Pitts
burgh Saturday for the fourth
game of the series.
Hoskins scored from first on Glib
sons single to give the Grays Their
first run. Lockett made a great
play of Benjamin's liner in the
third Eight men went to bat in
the fourth when the Grays Scor-
ed four aided by a three score err
ror of a double play ball by Piper
Davis. Bankhead made the best
catch of the series when he went
far into left field to pull down his
fly near the foul line.
Manager WEIGH shifted his line
up and sent lefthanoer Earl Bum
pus to the hill. Bumptls made three
wild pitches, struck out six and
walked six.
Box score at Thursday nights
Naoro yIJorIdc Coriac
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1944-09-30
Big Bill Bell
To Coach Again

TUSKEGEE ARMY AIR FIELD,
Ala.-One of the most brilliant
Negro Football coaches of the day,
Lieutenant William Gig Bib Bell,
was named to coach the newly
formed Tuskegee Army Air Field
team.
Bell, former AIi-American tackle
of Ohio State University and coacn
of Florida A. and NJ. College, eli
NAKED almost a decade Of out
standing coaching when he enlisted
in the Army in March of 1943. At
Florida during his seven years, he
led his team to three national
championships, in addition to the
same number of conference wins,
running a victory streak of 20
wins out of 81 games, a record that
no other Negro coach has achiev-.
ed At Claflin COLLEGE at Orange
burg, South Carolina, prior to COM
ing to Florida, he plotted his team
to two South Atlantic Conference
Championships, beating Morris
Brown and other prominent
schools.
big Bill came to 'TAAF in May
of 1943 no doubt with the expecta-
tion of having part in the Army
Football set-up. If these were his
expectations, he like many others,
was bit disappointed when the
Army Air Forces banned football.
However, disappointed he was, he
stuck to his job as Pvt. William
Bell for over seven months before
going to the Army Air Forces Off,
GERS Candidate School, where he
graduated as a second lieutenant
In March of this year. Returning
to TAAF he was appointed Assis-
tant Physical Training Officer.
When the rlnnol spread that the
ban on football was to be lifted
in the Army Air Forces. Bills
face began to wear broad grin
and today as he directs the prac-
tice of his team, one can see the
happines in his heart. Big Bill
was meant to be coach, not the
coach Of the movie or the one you
read about in books, for he has
more of the throaty lung burst OF
Rockne nor the toughness of Cava-
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1944-09-30
Wiley To Open
Season Saturday
Against Lions

MARSHALL. Tex. - (SNS) -
The Wiley Wildcats will open their
1914 football season here on Satur-
day, October 7, against the Ark
ansas state Lions. This will mark
the return of Arkansas to con-
ference competition after a three
year period of 10 football. In the
last Arkansas Wiley tilt in 1910
Roy Gomillion and Kedjoe Well
burn led the Wildcats to a TIC
victory.
Thirty men are being drilled IN
the WILEY camp. Besides having
nine letter men on hand, the Cats
have a fine crop of freshmen.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1944-09-30

BIRMINGHAM, Ala -(SNS) -
Coming to Birmingham Sunday
for a doublefeader at Redwood
with the Atlanta Black Crackers
are the Cincinnati Clowns. The
first game will be called at 2 P NJ.
Atlanta which is managed by
Felix (Chaser) Manning has been
playing nice BASEBALL on their
transforming tours in which they
have met high quality competition.
Harry Barnes, a favorite with
Birmingham fans since his in
dustrial league days here, is catch