davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-01-21
MAN. nor WATTR >TRNICT
SToETR REPAIRING

'-EANING flushing. new boilers.
pairs fer all makes work guar
CON rlrrfoe Repair co ~ Ts40
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-01-21
WsFre Aircraft parts. DE. ISIS
VACUUM. WASHER REPAIRING

tli MAKES repaired. rebuildirE.
Guaranteed Workmanship reason
Free estimates. Gt'. OfJl
VACUUM cleaners repaired called
i delivered free est American
-------L L-.a..L .u IN p suuL
Evening star., 1944-05-16
WLB Approval Seen
For Soft Coal Pay Paci
By the Associated Press,

By the Associated Press.
The War Labor Board is expected
to approve the soft coal wage agree
ment in the near future, perhaps
this week.
Discussions among board men,
bers have indicated the probable
decision. Chairman William H.
Davis submitted to the board yes
terday the first draft OF proposed
opinion approving the agreement
reached by the United Mine Work.
ers and operators representing
more than 10 per cent of the soft
coal tonnage.
When the opinion is completed a
formal vote will be taken. A stong
probability existed that industry
members would approve, making
the decision unanimous.
The terms of the agreement are
substantially those negotiated by
Secretary OF Interior Ickes and
UNIV President John L. Lewis un-
der which the Government has
been the nominal operator Of the
mines since last November 8. The
agreement established the principle
OF portal-to-portal pay, although
recognizing travel time pay rights
only after 40 hours a week.
Board approval of the agreement
would permit the termination of
Government control.
Evening star., 1944-05-16
BY HOWARD w. BLAKESLEE,
Associated Press Science Editor.

PHILADELPHIA, May 16.-The
queer feelings of guilt which aff1ict
some of the best combat flyers
were described to the American
Psychiatric Association today by 1t
Col. Roy r. Grinker and Maj. John
F. Spiegel of the Army Air Forces
The first is the feeling about q
lost buddy-"I should have got il
instead of him"
'The second" said the report
begins as the flyer approaches the
end of his tour of duty, he becomes
intensely anxious, feeling he will
never reach his goal. This is the
manifestation of guilt over antici-
pated desertion of his squadron.
"Often when the orders arrive
the immediate reaction Is depres-
sion. Many indulge in alcohol at
this point. Others develop CASTRO
intestinal pains and vomiting. One
pilot vomited for 10 days on the
journey home because the food was
too rich, I was used to G rations.
Some cannot bear to eat, thinking
how the boys back in the squadron
are living. They feel their real self
the essential person, is back over
seas.
THE third sources of guilt de-
velop on returning home to a com
munity which welcomes our hero
The flyer receives newspaper pub
licity ovations, makes speeches. But
his conscience is not fooled. Nc
Evening star., 1944-05-16
Report Tells of Combat Flyers
Strange Feelings of Guilt

quarter Is given by this inexorabio
part Of his personality which cam
not forget the terrific fears, the
longing to escape danger, the ever
first thought OF self-preservation,
no matter how well these were re-
pressed or that in performance the
man actually had been CONTAGIOUS
and even daring"
These men are given sedative "a
they will listen to the doctors ex.
PLANTATION that they aren't really
guilty. More than half OF them re-
turn to combat.
Military secrecy prevents figures
on the numbers of men who have
to come home for treatment, but
the extremely small percentage was
shown in q report by Maj. Donald
w. Hastings on the Americans flying
from English bases.
The Germans attempted to break
the Americans morale by exceed
ingly vicious attacks. Only a small
number cracked, and of these the
sedative treatment returned 10 Der
cent to flying combat, rs per cent
to ground duty and only S per cent
had to return to the United States
for treatment.
Evening star., 1944-05-16
District Jews Pray
For Victims Of Nazis

More than TOO Jewish residents of
the Capital joined in prayer last
night at the Jewish Community
Center for the Jews of Warsaw who
were killed year ago by the Nazis.
Rabbi Norman Gerstenfeld of the
Washington Hebrew Congregation
and Rabbi Solomon H. Metz of the
Adas Israel Synagogue praised the
struggle of the ghetto Jews against
the Nazi troops, and Rabbi Samuel
Levinson led in the recitation of the
Kadisch, traditional Hebrew prayer
for the dead.
Louis E. Speigler, executive di-
rector of the United Jewish Appeal,
formally launched a 100000 cam
paign for overseas relief and called
upon Jews to give generously and
work diligently "in the name of the
heroes of Warsaw"
Hymen Goldman, president of the
Community Council, comprised of
Washington's leading Jewish organ
izations. presided and cited the cam
paign slogan. Tears won't help
dollars will" in urging generous
support of the drive.
Milton w. King and Edmund I.
Kaufman are co-chairmen for the
drive, which will last three weeks
and engage 500 volunteer workers.
First reports will be made at a
luncheon meeting May % at the
Jewish Center.
Evening star., 1944-05-16
Famed Skipper,
Once CunnibuI
Kinq, Dies at Sea

By the Associated Press.
The merchant marine has lost
one of its most colorful shippers
in the death at sea of Capt. Levi
j. Plesner, so, of New Orleans. The
War Shipping Administration dis
closed his death today.
Capt. Plesner's death ended life
of adventure that included voyages
in the South Pacific where he once
abandoned the sea long enough to
be King of a cannibal island for
two years. He was also a heavy
weight boxer and powerful under
water swimmer.
The skipper was a veteran of the
World War and had a brilliant
record in seamonship in this war.
AS chief officer of the Prusa his
seamanship was credited with saving
the lives of half the crew when
the vessel was torpedoed and sunk
in the Pacific. Later, as master
Of the torpedoed John Hancock, his
seamanship was again called re-
sponsible for saving the ships COM
plement.
Evening star., 1944-05-16
Glenn Dale
Continued From First Page. J

be reviewed by an unofficial group,
and suggest that the tuberculosis
Advisory Committee, under the
Craftsmanship of DR.. William
Charles White, be asked to review
the situation so that it will be
evaluated and we are advised con-
corning the proposition that DR..
Finucane, as superintendent of the
institution, makes with regard to
the curtailment of the service"
Closing Seen as Last Resort.
In correspondence between DR..
Finucane and DR.. Rutland, it is
indicated that DR.. Rutland has
been opposed to closing of ward
because of the extreme need for
hospital beds for tuberculosis pa
tients." Mr.. Mason also said that
the closing would be last resort,
pointing out that it is unwise to
send active tuberculosis patients
home, thus breaking down the years
of effort to stop the spread of the
disease.
At the present time the hospital
has two wards, A and B, which have
approximately capacity of 1872 and
254, respectively. If it is necessary
to close unit B, it will be necessary
to send all patients home who are
able to sit up and move the other
patients to ward A.
DR.. Finucane has advocated that
ward B be closed and pointed out
his inability to obtain needed per-
sonnel because of the isolation of
the institution and the inability to
house the personnel" Although an
appeal was made by DR.. Ruhland to
the Selective Service System for
conscientious objectors, he has been
told that none is available.
The only doctor located so far by
manpower officials was ineligible for
a District position, since he was not
a citizen of the United States. He
is permitted to practice in the Dis
trict, but appropriation acts require
American citizenship.
DR.. Paul Dickens, chairman of
procurement and assignment of
physicians for the District, said the
principal sources of physicians re-
manning were those who had VOL
unteered for armed service but had
been rejected and those who were
returning after service in uniform.
Already two additional physicians
had been allotted" to Glenn Dale,
DR.. Dickens said, adding he hoped
DR.. Rutland might be able to find
some from the two sources named
The District of Columbia is down
to rock bottom" on doctors, how
ever, DR.. Dickens said.
I'VE will do everything in our
power" he pledged, ito keep both
Gallinger Hospital and Glenn Dale
stated"
Results Of a survey of the num-
ber of doctors in this area by the
Public Health Service may be avail
able soon, it was learned.
Evening star., 1944-05-16
Mrs. Hull Says She Poid $40
For Husbands $500 Punumu'

Either Mrs. Cordell Hull got a
tremendous bargain in Panamas or
local halter is away of in his esti-
mate of the value of the Secretary
of States new topper.
They are in agreement on one
point. however. Secretary Hull has
no idea that his Panama is worth
$500-if 1t is.
Mrs. Hull described the hat as
"just an ordinary Panama" cer-
tainly not worth more than s25 re-
tail in this country.
She said she had bought four OF
five hats in South America at prices
ranging up to $40 and had given
some of them away. The hat in
question was so big Secretary Hull
wouldn't wear it, she said, but his
other hats wore out so she finally
decided to have it blocked.
When The Star reported yester-
day the Secretary of State was about
Evening star., 1944-05-16
|Yugos|avs Liberate
) Important Towns
BY the Associated Press


LONDON, May 16.-Large-scale
operations by Yugoslav Partisans in
Central Albania have liberated the
three important towns of Koritza
Elbasani and Berati and give-and-
take battles are in progress on all
fronts in Yugoslavia, a communique
from Marshal Tito said today.
Particularly fierce battles are in
progress in Bosnia and Croatia,
while in general the Germans are
striving desperately to clear i'm
portant lines of communication at
any cost, said the broadcast bulle-
tin.
Partisan detachments have thrown
back German troops in western
Bosnia which had penetrated to
Sanski Most and Sitnica and, besides
inf1icting heavy losses, wrecked an
engine and As carriages on the
Dobjo-Derventa line, the commu-
nique added.
The Germans were reported to
have met with more success in
Croatia, where the Partisans ad-
mitted the enemy had occupied
several more localities after dogged
fighting.
Evening star., 1944-05-16
Congress
Continued From First Page.)

return. Withholding rates would be
adjusted to put them on a complete
pay-as-you-go basis.
Personal Exemption $500.
Change the personal exemption to
a per capita of $500 for each indi-
vidual involved in return, instead
OF having different rates of exemp-
ton for a married couple, a single
person and for children.
All taxpayers would still have the
right to file regular return, setting
forth detailed items, but wage
earners under $4,000 would have the
privilege of filing merely the with
holding tax receipt given them by
their employers, with a few simple
questions on the reverse side to be
answered.
The Internal Revenue Bureau
would compute the tax bill of per-
sons using this shortcut option. In
such cases the bureau would allow
fiat 10 per cent deduction to cover
contributions, interest and local
taxes. If this short process showed
any additional tax due, a bill will
be mailed out, payable in 80 days.
If the taxpayer has overpaid, a re-
fund would be made.
Tax returns also would be SIM
pier for persons earning more than
$4,000 in salary or with income of
more than 500 not subject to with
holding.
Tax experts say the overall effect
OF the simplification will be slight
cut-about 100000, 0,O00-in revenue
collected, but to simplify the rates
and procedure, the bill increases the
tax burden of married couples with
out children, while reducing some
what the burden of large families,
For the bond drive you have an
Evening star., 1944-05-16
MRC to Sell Surplus
Aircraft Material

Usable surplus aircraft materia,
will be sold by the Metals Reserve
Co., through commercial distribu-
ton warehouses, 1t was announced
yesterday.
Metals Reserve, subsidiary o1
the reconstruction Finance Corp.
said it had agreed with the Aircraft
Scheduling Unit, the Army Al,
Forces and the Navy Bureau o1
Aeronautics on this method.
Evening star., 1944-05-16
Senators Ask Hull
For Facts on Report
OF Aviation Proposal
By the Associated Press

By the Associated Press.
Senators on a Postwar Aviation
Committee turned today to Secre-
tary Of State Hull for enlighten-
ment on British reports of American
sponsorship of a broad freedom of
the-air policy for peacetime flying.
While members of the group
would not talk for publication, it
became known that they have ap-
proved letter addressed to Mr..
Hull asking:
/. The text of remarks Lord
Beaverbrook, Lord Privy Seal, made
to the House of Lords May 10 in
which he repeatedly asserted Britain
had abandoned Canadian-backed
plan for central aviation control
and had turned toward what was
described as an American-sponsored
idea based on the right to fly, to set
down passengers, mail and cargo,
and to pick them up anywhere in
the world.
2. Complete data on any commit
ments Adolf A. Berle, jr., Assistant
Secretary of State, may have dis
cussed in his recent conversations
with Lord Beaverbrook in London.
The letter to Mr.. Hull was re-
ported by members, at the time of
his last appearance before the COM
mittee, to have given an account of
the discussions which did not tally
with Lord Beaverbrook's reported
description of the American policy.
Not member of our committee
favors such policy" one said yes
terday. I'VE have every reason to
believe from testimony so far that
no such an idea has been advanced
under American sponsorship"
Mr.. Berle told a press conference
in London April 8, with Lord
Beaverbrook present, that a pre-
liminary agreement had been
reached that all nations should al
low other countries access to enough
airflelds to maintain communica-
tions.
Last October President Roosevelt
said at a news conference that he
and Prime Minister Churchill had
agreed there should be freedom of
the air. He added that a country
should control it's own internal
aviation.
Evening star., 1944-05-16
Miss Julia I. Sweeney
To Be Buried Tomorrow

Miss Julia T. Sweeney, 7S, of 934
Longfellow street NV, who died
Sunday. will be buried in Mount
Olivet Cemetery after requiem mass
at the Church of the Nativity at 9
am. tomorrow. Services at her late
home at $50 am. will precede the
mass.
Miss Sweeney, who died at the
home of her nephew, Alfred R.
T'hornett, 129 Longfellow street
NV, after two weeks illness, was
native OF Upperville, Va. She had
lived in the District approximately
so years since coming here to estab-
lish dressmaking business. She
was member of the Sodality of the
Church of the Nativity.
She is survived by, besides her
nephew, niece, Mrs. Helen O'Con-
nor. with whom she lived.
Evening star., 1944-05-16

to sport $500 topper, she said, she
called some OF her South American
diplomatic friends. They agreed
with her the hat couldn't be worth
that much. Mrs. Hull went further.
mo hat" she said definitely, "is
worth $780,"
Wally Powell OF the Vienna Hat
Shop disagreed. He was inclined to
be ecstatic about the hat body he
had blocked into topper betting
the Secretary Of State.
"It's one of the finest straws I've
ever seen," he insisted. "The straws
are so beautifully matched. That
enhances the value tremendously" !"
| His estimate, he admitted, might
be just trif1e exaggerated, but not
much.
"The Secretary" he said boldly,
probably has no idea Of the valus
| of that hat"
Evening star., 1944-05-16
House Battle Looms
Over Education Clause
In Gl Bill Of Rights
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
The Senate's "GI bill of rights
completely rewritten by the House
Veterans Legislation Committee
was before the House today for con-
sideration Of amendments. A lively
battle was in prospect over a Sec
tion providing education benefits
for veterans of this war.
Contending that States rights are
involved, the House Education Com
mittee has asked that legislation,
introduced by its chairman, Repre-
sentative Barden, Democrat, of
South Carolina, be substituted for
the Veterans Legislation Commit
tee proposal, which places supervi-
sion in the Veterans Administra-
tion headquarters.
The Barden bill would authorize
State education boards and univer-
sities to set up standards for vet
erans' education and to receive
Government funds for half the ex-
ira cost of administration. The
Veterans Administration would de-
termine whether a veteran was
qualified to receive the education
benefits.
Mr.. Barden and other committee
members assert that plan would
leave control of all education in the
States and contend the Veterans
Committee program would be the
entering wedge for Federal control
OF public schools. centralizing the
authority in Washington. This con-
tention is denied by Chairman
Rankin of the Veterans Legislation
Committee and Representative
Scrivener, Republican, of Kansas,
committee member.
Evening star., 1944-05-16
Raids
Continued From First Page.)

by the Berlin radio that post-in-
vasion fighting will not be limited
to divisions on the Atlantic wall or
to points under the main attack,
but small waves will reach far be-
yond them. Then Germany will be
called upon to stand her greatest
and most dangerous test"
About $50 American Flying Fort
resses and Liberators and a force
of Thunderbolts and fighter bomb
ers hit objectives in France yester-
day. Light bombers attacked an
airdrome near the hard-hit Creil
railroad yards near Paris. Maraud-
ers bombed railroad yard.
In these operations, as well as
widespread RAF operations the
night before, not one bomber was
lost. One escort plane failed to
return.
Evening star., 1944-05-16
Variety Club Honors
Mother of Five in Service

Lowell Thopas spoke and Lew
Lehr entertained yesterday at the
Variety Clubs Mothers Day lunch
con at the Willard Hotel.
Mrs. Josephine Byrnes, 3726
Twelfth street NE, was presented
two War Bonds as the mother with
the most sons in the service. Five
OF her six sons are in uniform; the
sixth is 13 and eager to 60.
Mrs. Fritz Hoffman, GIG North
Carolina avenue Sc, a youthful
looking woman, won the War Bond
for the mother with the most chill
dren. She was 70
Evening star., 1944-05-16
Baptists Urge Steps
To Halt Spread Of
|'|sms' Among Negroe,
BY the Associated Press.

ATLANTA, May 16.-Declaring
|"subversive groups are finding in the
Negro 6, fertile soil Tor their destruc-
tive isms,'" the Southern Baptist
Conventions Committee on Negro
Ministerial Education today called
for a broad white-Negro co-opera-
tive educational program for Negro
preachers.
I" - Negroes recently elected
two members of the City Council OF
New York." the committee says in
report prepared for the conven-
tion's Goth meeting convening in At
lanta today Both these Negroes
we're Communists, which meant the
Negroes in New York were looking
to an atheistic and revolutionary
leadership rather than to a Chris
tian leadership for the solution of
their problems and the helping OF
their race.
Stronger Leadership Sought.
ITO often because of the lack of a
trained Christian leadership, the
Negro heeds the lure of such propa-
ganda." ....
The report was drawn by the
Joint Committee of the Southern
the Northern and the National Bap-
tist Conventions, and stated NE
groes are evidently growing tired OF
merely emotional leadership-the
old type of uneducated exhorter no
longer has a grip, especially upon
the younger Negroes, and is often
the subject of ridicule"
It calls for the Southern Conven-
ton, opening here today, to furnish
s., 200 annually to each of 13 Bap-
tist Negro colleges, asks the North
ern Convention TO join in main
tenance and control of American
Baptist Theological Seminary at
Nashville, Tenn, and recommends
better preparation of Negro min
listers.
In Georgia, 1t states, less than
100 of 3,999 Negro Baptist preachers
have college degrees.
Seek Diminished Friction.
The 5000 messengers to the con-
vention, representing 5,500,000 Bap-
lists, were scheduled to hear a Sec
ond report on racial conditions from
the Social Service Commission, this
report calling for ''modus operandi
that will diminish friction, eliminate
injustices and promote friendly CO.
operation" between the races.
1t agreed with a recent committee
report of the Presbyterian church
in which the thought was expressed
that few in either race sought "in-
discriminate social commingling."
Shall We not, then," it asks, dis
tinguish between the issue of social
equality and that of political and
economic freedom and deal with the
latter on its own merits?"
Sees Moral Bankruptcy.
Discussing what he termed moral
bankruptcy" of the day, DR.. r. C.
Campbell, pastor of First Baptist
Church, Columbia, S. c., last night
listed four causes. for moral break
down. They were, he said, the fact
that people have forgotten God;
desecreation of the Sabbath, break
down of the home and the liquor
traffic.
Hasty marriages, DR.. Campbell
said, have been a principal factor
in the breakdown Of the home. y
Divorces have increased nearly SOC
per cent in the past 80 years, he
added, and during the first nine
months OF 1943 arrests among girls
under 81 for moral crimes increased
69.6 per cent over the same period
OF the previous year.
Evening star., 1944-05-16

World War, and In this war he was
lieutenant colonel with service in
the Office of the Undersecretary OF
War. and a staff judge advocate and
chief of the legal division at Hunts
vile Arsenal, Ala.
Coming to Washington in 1921, he
formerly had been with both the
Justice Department and the Home
Owners Loan Corp.
Evening star., 1944-05-16
BurbiroIIi Offered Post

LONDON, May 16 (P).-John Bar
birolli, conductor from 1897 to 1912
OF the New York Philharmonic
Symphony and who now conducts
Manchester's Halle Orchestra, has
been offered the permanent con-
ductorship of the London Symphony
Orchestra.
Evening star., 1944-05-16
Brund
Continued From First Page

the cemetery of the division with
which he was assigned.
Mr.. Brand would have been 50 on
May %. His widow, the former
Dorothy Dilling; a son and daughter
survive. The widow is now in Los
Angeles.
Mr.. Brand was one of the best
known and most prolific writers Of
action thrillers and Western stories
in the United States. Among his IS
books were The Untamed," "Destry
Rides Again" " The Outlaw" South
of the Rio Grande" and Long
Chance" His output during the
last 20 years was estimated at
25,000,000 words. an average of a
full-length novel every three weeks
He was a native of Seattle and
was educated in high school at
Modesto, Calf, and at the Univer-
sity of California.
Frederick Allen, editor of Har-
pers Magazine, said in New York
that Mr.. Brand had been accredited
as correspondent by the magazine
because the writer hoped to get
material for magazine articles and
for book. Mr.. Allen said the pub
lication had not received any arti-
cles from Mr.. Brand up to the time
word of his death was made known.
Evening star., 1944-05-16

CoullSCl VI Gllt
G e n eral Ac-
counting Office
A veteran of
the M e x i C a n
b or d e r service
the World War
and this war
Col. Rice last
December re-
verted to mac
tive res er v e
status on reach
ing the Army re-
tirement a 6 e.
He had been q
battalion COM
~o~Ia. H. &L1
Evening star., 1944-05-16
Report

District of Columbia-Fair ano
continued warm today, tonight ano
tomorrow. Highest temperature will
probably be near 80 today.
Maryland and Virginia-Generally
fair tonight; tomorrow cloudy ano
continued warm with scattered
showers west portion in afternoon
and evening.
River Report.
Potomac and Shenandoah Rivers
cloudy at Harpers Ferry. Potomac
clear at Great Falls.
Evening star., 1944-05-16
Col. H. H. Rice Takes Oath
In Accounting Office Post

1t. Col. Heber H. Rice, former
president of the Federal Bar Asso-
clat1on, today was sworn in as a
member of the staff of the general
Evening star., 1944-05-16

For the bond drive you have an
s-card and the speed limit Is off.
Drive now. and step on it.
Evening star., 1944-05-16
Report for Last ID Rr

Record for Last "a Hours.
tFrom noon yesterday to noon today.)
Highest, IS, 4 pm. Year ago, II.
Lowest, "a, z am. Year ago, So.
Record Temperatures This Year.
Highest, 8S, on May Is
Lowest, Is, on January 8.
Humidity for Last "a Hours.
FTom noon yesterday to noon today.)
Highest, ~ per cent. at 2:3O am.
Lowest, 30 per cent, at 2:30 pm.
Tide Tables.