davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1944-06-05
Gen. Clark Doubts
14th German Army
Can Continue Fiqht
10000 Prisoners Token
With Huge Quantities of
Equipment. He Soys
BY the Associated Press.


LONDON, June 5.-The Naples
radio said 1t. Gen. Mark w.
Clark of the 5th Army in
speech to his corps commanders
had declared, Il doubt if the
18th German Army is any
longer capable of fighting"
1T Is great day for the 5th
Army" Gen. Clark was quoted as
saying on the capture of Rome.
French, British and American
troops have made it possible, and
I want to thank Gen. Eaker It.
Gen. Ira C. Eaker, air commander)
for his air support.
II would like to say word in
memory Of the men and women of
the 5th Army who have made the
supreme sacrifice.
I'VE have destroyed parts of two
German armies, the 10th and 14th,
and doubt if the 14th is any longer
capable Of fighting. We have taken
10000 prisoners, wrecked the Ger
man armies and have captured and
destroyed untold quantities of en-
envy battle equipment"
The radio said Gen. Clark then
told Italian representatives in Rome
that he was pleased with the condi-
ton of the city, regarding both pub
lie utilities and the city's clean
appearance.
Earlier, the Algiers radio said
Gen. Clark had issued a special
order of the day to his troops de-
claring, 1T is the immediate task OF
the 5th Army to pursue the retreat
| ing enemy and DESTROY him"
Evening star., 1944-06-05

The program, as approved by Gen.
II. H. Arnold, AAF commander. con-
templates the training and commits
Slonlng OF up to $500 WASPS, Un-
official estimates on Capitol Hill
place the total cost at from $50 900. =
900 to $l00000,0OO at a time when
there are existing pools of trained
men pilots now ready to take nom
combatant jobs for which the wom-
en- would be trained.
Members of the committee re-
fused to discuss the original report
of the investigators. which already
had been modified before it was
taken up today.
Committee members admitted they
were impressed by evidence that the
cost of the WASPS training pro-
gram is difficult to justify in view
of the availability OF thousands of
male flying instructors and instruc-
W 0 are being released
because of abolition of contract
schools for training Army Riots.
Evening star., 1944-06-05
Supreme Court
Holds Insurance
Under Trust Act
Indictment Of Nearly
200 Companies in
South Affirmed
Ry ]. A. FOX.

The Supreme Court today up-
held an indictment charging
nearly 200 fire insurance COM
panies with conspiring to fix
rates and monopolize business
in six Southeastern States
Alabama, Florida, Virginia, the
Carolinas and Georgian vio-
lation of the Sherman Anti
Trust Act.
The 4-to-3 decision read by JUS
tice Black upset precedents going
back for more than rs years NJ
the court ruled that insurance was
lin commerce and hence subject
to the Sherman Act.
No commercial enterprise of any
kind which conducts its activities
across State lines has been held to
be wholly beyond the regulatory
power of Congress under the COM
merce clause" Justice Black said.
I'VE cannot make an exception Of
the business of Insurance.
Chief Justice Stone and Justices
Jackson and Frankfurter dissented
Justice Jackson In part only.
Justice Roberts and Justice Reed
did not participate in the case.
The court also held, in z to o
decision, that a fraternal benefit in
surance company was subject to the
Wagner Labor Relations Act.
In the fire insurance case thu
Justice Department brought the
charges against the Southeastern
Underwriters Association and its
members. The Government took an
appeal after Georgia district court
had knocked out the indictment.
A large number of States joined
with the insurance companies in
fighting the action.
/ The, defendants contended that
to subject them to Federal action
would nullify the large body Of.
State laws regulating Insurance
business. Legislation pending in
Congress would exempt insurance
concerns from the Sherman Act, But
would not affect this case.
The life insurance litigation grew
out of charges of unfair labor prac-
tices filed by the National Labor
Relations Board against the Polish
National Alliance of the United
States of North America, fraternal
benefit society providing death. dis
ability and accident benefits to its
members. The company contended
that its business does not affect
commerce within the meaning of
the Wagner Act and appealed as the
aftermath of an adverse decision by
the Seventh Circuit Court of Ap-
peals.
Evening star., 1944-06-05
1,25O Planes Smash
installations
Along French Coast
U. S. Heavy Bombers
And Fighters Lead
Powerful Assault
By the Associated Press.

LONDON, June 5.-Approxi-
mately 1880 American heavy
bombers and fighters-leading
an Allied aerial assault of power
fur proportions against the for
titled French coast smashed
military installations in the
Boulogne and Calais areas to-
day with an estimated 1900 tons
of bombs.
This was the fourth attack in
row against the Pas-de- Calais, the
area of France closest to England,
and it came after RAJ bombers
attacked French coast detectives
and targets in Cologne, Germany,
last night.
Watchers on the English coast
facing Boulogne could see enemy
rocket shells rising from the ground
leaving thin white trail of smoke
and exploding high in the air.
Clouds Fail to Halt Offensive.
For more than three hours power
full fleets of American and British
bombers thundered across the Eng
lish Channel Clouds which re-
placed the earlier clear sky failed to
halt the offensive.
Since June began. the more than
200 miles of French coast line
bristling with German guns-has
been shaken from end to end by
Allied bombs.
The big British bombers made it
their target for the third consecu-
tive night last night. The United
States 9th Air Force has neglected
strategic targets deeper in the conti-
nent for the last four days to con-
icentrate on immediate tactical
targets behind the invasion wall.
1t is estimated that we'll over
10000 tons of bombs have been
dumped on France by American
and British heavy bombers alone in
the last 70 hours.
No British Planes Lost.
The British did not lose a single
plane in last nights operations The
Raj squadrons flew through gusts
OF ram to hit the Nazis' invasion
wall and penetrate to Cologne.
Britain enjoyed another raid-free
night last night, the German air
force evidentally saving every
available plane for the day of the
Allied invasion.
The operations today came after
approximately l 200 American heavy
bombers from Britain and Italy hit
defense and communication targets
in Nazi-occupied Europe yesterday.
Flying approximately 1000 sorties
the Mediterranean Allied Air Force
yesterday destroyed and damaged at
least 1900 enemy vehicles in front
of the advancing 5th and 9th
Armies. Strong formations of heavy
bombers under fighter escort raked
Northern Italian rail yards and
enemy communication lines along
the French-Italian border.
Evening star., 1944-06-05
Japs Advance II Miles
In Drive on Changsha

By the Hssocia led Press. ,
CHUNGKING, June 5.-Japanese
vanguards from the north struck
within Is miles tonight of strategic
Changsha, provincial capital Of
Human, field dispatches said.
This marked a 17-mile advance
from Sinshih.
The United States l4th Air Force
is giving strong support to the
Chinese fighting to halt the enemy
advances toward Changsha, haras-
sing the japanese without respite
Field dispatches said a second
column which advanced
10 miles southwest from Sinshih had
been driven back.
The japanese made still further
on the southern shore of
Lake Tungting. the latest north of
so miles northwest of
ChangSha
Evening star., 1944-06-05
Romspeck Group Adopts Report
On WASP raining PROGRAM

The House Civil Service Investi-
eating Committee today adopted a
modified version of the report of its
investigators, which was said, in its
original form, to have recommended
termination of the Army Air Forces
program for training women flyers
Chairman RamSpeck would not
discuss the report. which was ap-
proved by close vote, prior to its
submission to the House this after
noon. 1t was said however, that
the report does not touch on the
issue of whether the WASPS will
be brought into the Army Air
Forces. as proposed by the pending
Costello bill
The report was said to confine
itself to discussion of the cost of
the program for training WASPS
who now are civilian employees of
the Government. The committees
jurisdiction would not extend to the
women flyers If they are transferred
from civilian to military stAus.
Evening star., 1944-06-05
Senate Votes
Pearl Horbor
Trial Extension

The Senate today voted to extend
for another year the time in which
any court-martial proceedings may
be started in connection with the
attack On Pearl Harbor, over the
protest of Senator Clark. Democrat,
of Missouri The House is expected
to approve the extension later in
the afternoon
Senator Clark called the refusal of
the Government to try Rear Ad-
miral Husband E. Kimmel and Mai.
Gen. Walter c. Short. who were in
command at the Pacific base. "a
disgraceful procedure" and charged
that apparently some of the higher
ups in the Government are afraid
of the defense that might be Of
fered."
The Senate resolution contains a
direction to the Secretaries of War
and Navy to begin investigations
Immediately, but leaves to their dis
cretion the question of whether any
proceedings should be instituted
Gfter the inquiries are made.
Evening star., 1944-06-05
Conferees Agree
To Cut Night Club
Tax From 80 10 20%
Exemptions for Services
Ruled Out; Debt Limit
Set at $3.50, ,000, ,00O, 900
~ | he Associated Press


A Senate House conference
committee agreed today to cut
back the cabaret tax from 80 to
20 per cent, but eliminated a
provision exempting service men
and women from the night-club
levy.
The group decided to put the ma
tional debt limit at $3.50 000, 900 900
as originally requested by the ad-
ministration.
Action of the Conference Com
mittee is subject to House and SEN
ate votes. The conferees met in
formally today. but members said
the decisions probably would stand
as the final recommendation of the
group.
The House, at the insistence of
group of Republicans, passed bill
raising the debt ceiling only from
$2l0 ,O00,000,000 to $240,000 900, 900.
The Senate then put the figure at
$3.50 ,00O, ,0000 900 and attached a rider
reducing the cabaret tax from 80 to
20 per cent and exempting men and
women in uniform from paying the
tax on their checks.
Some tax experts argued that this
exemption would make administra-
ton of the excise on night clubs i'm
possible.
Under the Second Wartime Rev.
enue Act, the cabaret tax was boost
ed April from to 80 per cent
Representative Knutson, Repub-
llcan, of Minnesota and several 9TH
er members of Congress said it
caused many cabarets to close with
resultant unemployment.
In his January budget message
President Roosevelt estimated the
public debt would reach approxi-
mately 1888 100000 900 by July /,
l945. If the war continues. A bloc
of Republicans in the House con-
tended that the ceiling should be
lifted only to care for the rising
wartime debt to next March.
The debt now is about Sl87 ,OOO,-
100000.
Evening star., 1944-06-05
Make Life Hard for Allies,
Duce Asks of Romans

LONDON, June 5 (P,.-The fallen
Duce, Benito Mussolini appealed to
the people of Rome today to make
life as hard as possible" for Allied
troops which captured his former
Fascist capital yesterday.
Mussolini's message was read by
an announcer in broadcast on the
same wave length as the Rome radio
at 7:19 am. 1:19 am. eastern war
time) and recorded by the Associ-
ated Press.
With the help of the treachery
of the monarchy" said Mussolini
who now heads a puppet Fascist
organization under German protec-
ton in Northern Italy, the Anglo
Americans were able to land in
Italy German troops have cou-
rageously contested every step of
their advance, but have now given
up Rome.
1T is great sorrow for us, and
I do not want to resort to propa-
ganda now.
Italians! Do not morally sur
render to the invader. With all
means at your disposal make life
as hard as possible for him. Our
will is not broken. We shall con-
tinue to fight and to work at the
side of the tripartite powers, and
eSDecially Germany
Evening star., 1944-06-05
U. 5. Subs Sink Is Ships
Inside Jap Defense Lines

American submarines. operating
far within japanese defense lines,
have knocked out Is more enemy
vessels the Navy announced today.
The latest sinkings include one
large transport, one large cargo
vessel, seven medium cargo vessels.
two small cargo vessels. four medium
cargo transports and one small
cargo transport.
The actions reported today bring
to total of TAO the number OF
japanese vessels which have been
sunk, probably sunk or damaged by
American submarines since the start
of the war. OF these 589 vessels
were sunk. So probably sunk and
lis damaged.
Evening star., 1944-06-05
Australia Feeds 95%
Of Yanks, Curtin Says
Prime Minister Cites
Reverse Leuse-lend
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
Australia under reverse lease-lend
is supplying 95 per cent of the food
consumed by American forces in the
Southwest Pacific, Prime Minister
John Curtin told a National Press
Club luncheon today.
While asserting food represented
Australia's principal contribution
under the reciprocal aid program,
Mr.. Curtin added his country pro-
vided wide variety of goods and
services ranging from soldiers cloth
ing to the assembly of bombers for
the Army Air Forces.
He placed its aggregate value at
S5l9 ,675, 600 and said s155, $50 900 of
that amount was provided in the
last five months. He said the sum
represented Is per cent of Aus
tralias war expenditure. compared
with IA per cent of this country.s
war costs diverted to leaSe-lend.
Evening star., 1944-06-05
Reds Enthusiastic
Over Capture of Rome

MOSCOW, June CP).-NeWs OF
the Allied capture of Rome was re-
celved enthusiastically in Moscow
today as sign of impending COM
plete occupation of Italy and defeat
Of Germany
Maj. Gen. Mikhail Galaktionov. re.
viewing the victory in an article in
Pravda, used the Warmest words OF
praise yet given here to an Allied
military operation.
Gen. Sir Harold AleXander's plan
was described as excellent" its
execution perfect and its result
of the most important political and
strategic significance.
The loss of Rome should bring
about the loss of entire Italy for the
Germans, Galaktionov said
Evening star., 1944-06-05
Pursuit Of Nazi Forces Pressed
After Brief Clashes in CAPITAL
City Remains
Unscuthed for
Most Part
By the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
ALLIED HEADQUARTERS, Ma
piles, June 5.-The 5th Army
thundered across the Tiber River
toward Northern Italian horizons
in pursuit of the German 10th
and l4th Armies today-with
hardly look at captured Rome.
Last-ditch German rearguards
died within the shadow of the
Roman Forum and in the streets of
the government quarter in bitter
clashes as italian Partisans fought
hand to hand with Fascists and
Nazis in brief battle for liberia
ton.
But despite the sporadic clashes.
which took place even though the
German high command had pre-
tended until the last that Rome was
an open city, the italian capital
with its store of cultural and re-
ligious treasures apparently came
through unscathed for the most part
Nazi Envoy Moves to Vatican City.
OAtL 1AaNCio scdha a1A w 90 4hACI
at the Vatican, where the Pope has
been a virtual prisoner of German
bayonets since last September. A
Berlin broadcast said Baron Won
Weizsaecker, German Ambassador
to the Holy See, has left his resi-
dence in Rome, Villa Bonaparte,
and moved to Vatican City. Other
diplomatic missions of the tripartite
powers will move to Vatican City
namely, those of Japan, Hungary,
Slovakia, Romania and Finland"
British correspondents in
Madrid said the Pope spent yes
terday in prayer and in con-
sultation with papal officials
during the hours of violent lib
Grafton of the city. The Swiss
guard has been doubled about
Vatican City to prevent an influx
Of refugees.
German broadcasts Said Allied
diplomatic representatives to the
Evening star., 1944-06-05

Holy See already had left the
Vatican precincts for their old
apartments in Rome.
tklng Victor Emanuel was ex-
pected to hand over his power to
Crown Prince Umberto at
formal ceremony in keeping with
his promise of several months
ago to act when the Allies en-
tered Rome
Demoliti0ns Carried Out.
Although first reports from Rome
were scanty concerning damage il
the city, number of demolition.
We're carried out by the Germans
Dispatches said the Fiat factor,
had been the scene of one suci
demolition, while efforts also ap.
parently were made to wreck gas
electric and water utilities.
Allied headquarters announced a
noon the occupation of Rome b,
the 5th Army last night, and thu.
was realized one of the main OBJ.
Jectlves when Gen. Sir Harole
Alexander started the big Alliee
offensive May IL.
The other main objective. the de
struction of the German 10th ane
14th Armies, remained to be car.
ried out, and toward this oblectiv.
the 5th and 9th Armies pressed
today.
Fighter -bombers hammered away
at the fleeing German columns
leaving congested highways to tn,
north Uttered with dead ane
wounded and smashed vehicles.
The danger to Marshal Alber
Kesselrlng's forces still facing thu
left flank of the 5th Army between
Rome and the seacoast grew stead
lily
The main escape route OF thest
forces was lost when 1t Gen. MARI
w. Clark's armor and infantr,
crashed through the defensive screer
on the outskirts of Rome yesterda,
and Swarmed into the city, where
they met only sporadic resistance.
Prisoners taken in the 25-day-
tSee ITALY Page A-3)
Evening star., 1944-06-05
Pope Appears on Balcony
Overlooking 81. Peters

BY the Associated Press.
NEW YORK, June 5.-Pope Plus
XII was 'out on a balcony of the
Vatican this morning looking on St.
Peters Square" Godfrey Talbot,
British radio correspondent in Italy,
reported today
Crowds had gathered in front of
st. Peters beneath the Vatican walls
you'd think it was London with
British soldiers passing through on
Victory Day.
The whole scene is absolutely
beyond belief People are shout
ing, We've been waiting for you so
long-thank God you've come at
last"
CHS recorded the broadcast.
Evening star., 1944-06-05
BY the Associated Press.

0EttMANS DAY hESSELRlN1I OF =
fered to declare Rome an open
city. Page AS
By the Associated Press.
STOCKHOLM, June 5.-The
Germans first learned of the fall
or Rome in 7 am. broadcast
today, and the Berlin press said
the Allied victory involves loss
of prestige for Germany"
The German-controlled scandi-
navian Press Bureau summed up
Berlin newspaper comment thus:
The evacuation of Rome is the
result of Kesselring's strategy and
the city itself is not of great military
Importance. But giving up one of
the Axis capitals involves a loss of
prestige for Germany"
The Berlin correspondent of Alton
bladet said the Germans made a
lightning retreat" from Rome,
withdrawing the main body of Ger
man troops to new positions north
OF the Tiber and north of Rome.
All German dispatches emphasized
the task of feeding Rome's 1855, 600
people and asserted this would prove
severe headache for the Allies.
Now all roads lead to Berlin. .
AftOnbladet commented editoriallv
Evening star., 1944-06-05
Rome Gives Troops Welcome
Of Neor-CornivoI Proportions
Nozis Leave City
After Making Only
Few DemoIitions
BY EDWARD KENNEDY.
Associated Press war Correspondent

-N1e 'oA >SAA SSPohietSht'
ROME, June 5.-Rome, shining
brightly in sparkling sunlight
and spared almost entirely from
the ravages of war, today gave
5th Army troops a welcome
which turned the Eternal City
into a near carnival.
The city is virtually intact. The
Germans. last of whom slinked from
the capital last night like beaten
dogs, limited their demolitions to
few installations of no artistic or
religious Importance.
The dome Of st. Peters dominat-
ing the city, bounced back the rays
OF sunlight and the facade smiled
on columns of American troops
skirting the plaza where Vatican
City begins.
Otherwise, there was no sign of
life at the Vatican. 1t was wholly
intact and the only remarks of
fSee KENNEVYv pace 10y
Evening star., 1944-06-05
Roosevelt Viii Talk
On Radio at $50 pm.
About Fall of Rome

President Roosevelt goes on
the air at $3.50 o'clock tonight
with a 15-minute broadcast
over all national networks.
The President spent the week
end working on the speech,
which will deal primarily with
the fall of Rome, it was said
this morning by Secretary
Stephen T. Early.
Asked if the speech would
deal with other matters than
the capture of the Italian capi-
tai. Mr.. Early said that he did
not suppose it will end with
the capture of Rome as to its
suggestions"
Evening star., 1944-06-05
Brannan Is Nominated
To Key Agriculture Post

President Roosevelt today nomi-
mated Charles Franklin Brannan of
Colorado to be Assistant Secretary
of Agriculture and Ivy William
Duggan of Georgia to be governor
of the Farm Credit Administration
Mr.. Brannan will succeed Grover
B. Hill, who recently was mace
Undersecretary of Agriculture
Mr.. Brannan, an attorney, has
been assistant to Franklin w. Ham
COCK, farm security administrator
Tor the past two months. He pre-
viously was FSA region director in
Denver
Mr.. Duggan, who now is director
OF the Southern division of the
Agricultural Adjustment Agency.
succeeds DR.. A. q. Black, who re-
Rened March 3.
Evening star., 1944-06-05
MussoIini's Balcony
Hangs Empty, Yonks
EncircIe Office
BY DANIEL DE LUCE,
Associated Press War Correspondent


ROME, June 5.-MuSsolini's
balcony hung empty in the gauzy
mist of moonlight as 5th Army
soldiers in Indian file encircled
the former dictator's Office at
the Palazzo Venezia last night
and thousands of Roman parti-
sans famed the fires Of liberia
ton.
Behind a screen of Partisan vol
unteers who wore hammer and
sickle armbands. waved red flags
and brandished old firearms, Amer
ican forces drove to the Tiber River
through futile German resistance in
the streets-resistance that was real
despite the German pretense that
Rome was an open city.
Some Romans died in the fight
for freedom, cigarettes between
(See nE JIICE paoo ACl
Evening star., 1944-06-05
Tokyo Radio Promises
Formidable Offensive
BY the Associated Press.

LONDON, June 5.-Tokio radio
asserted today Japan is ready to
launch the most formidable offensive
against the Allies-an offensive
which will cut China in two and foil
American strategy"
The moment to strike has come"
declared the broadcaA,
Evening star., 1944-06-05
BULLETIN
British Sink 81 Ships

LONDON lP,.-British sub
marines sank 81 Axis ships,
rs of them merchantmen and
5 naval auxiliaries, in recent
operations in the Mediter-
ranean and Aegean Seas. the
Admiralty annou1iced tonight.
Evening star., 1944-06-05
Roosevelt Plans Talk
With Curtin Today

BY the Associated Press
President Roosevelt scheduled a
late afternoon conference today with
Prime Minister John Curtin of Aus
tralia, who recently attended the
British Empire conference in Lon
don.
Evening star., 1944-06-05
Froud Convictions Rise

A 2O6 per cent increase in convic-
tions for fraud against the Govern
ment in the first 10 months of the
present fiscal year, in comparison to
a year ago. was reported yesterday
by the Federal Bureau of Investiga :
ton.
Evening star., 1944-06-05
HOLMES DEPLORFS cadet corps
stories; Star reporter gives her
version of interview. Page B-1

f1OLMES DEfLONES CdQet corps
stories: Star reporter gives her
version of interview. Page B-1
Robert L. Haycock, superin-
tendent of schools, assured par
ents and cadets today that no
changes of any kind are now
contemplated in the 60-year-old
traditions and practices of the
Cadet Corps.
The superintendent of schools
will recommend to the Board of
Education on Wednesday that no
notifications be made at this time
in the organization of high school
cadets" his official statement de-
clared.
The superintendent also will rec
ommend that no changes be made
in cadet instruction. in methods and
techniques of drill. in company
competitive drills and in regimental
battalion and band competition.
The superintendent also will rec
ommend that no change be made in
the cadet uniforms.
Mr. Haycock indicated he has no
doubt board members would ap-
prove his recommendation.
I'VE want the public and cadets
themselves to have every aSSur-
ance," he continued. that the board
in its policies concerning the cadets