davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1944-07-16
His Discoveries Now Make News

On EAtnor NiettWlandb paper "6ome Re.
actions Of Acetylene.' and one Of the
most deadly gases known to man made
IL appearance on the European battle
fronts.
Likewise, ~ years elapsed between
the day in 1908 that Father Nieuw-
land passed his favofite sas through :
solution Of chlorides of copper and the
alkah metals and the day tn Rochester,
n. y, when he condescended to men-
tion this reaction In . lecture before
group Of chemists. Du Pont, which had
been striving for . synthetic rubber,
became interested, and the result was
neoprene, . product superior to nat.
ural rubber In many ways.
Father Nieuwlands feeling, II he
were alive today, over the gift to the
Russians Of the product he discovered
and helped to develop may only be
slrmised. In 1895, the year before his
death. he insisted that . Russian arti-
hcial rubber that had been announced
- sovprene was IN appropriation Of
the Du Pont product His suspicious
were supported when he insisted that
two Russian ofhcials visiting hts labo-
fatories at South Bend tried to pump"
him on neoprene.
To recall the fun impact Of Father
Nieuwlands discovery it Is necessary to
recall that since rubber first became
economically important In the world
scientists had tried in vain to fathom
its elusive structure. Men In labo-
ratories had toiled years to synthesize
the milk Of the hevea tree, only to be
met time after time with failure. That
rubber was . combination Of hydro
gen and carbon they knew, but how
these elements were fitted into the Jig
saw structure OF natural rubber re-
manned q mystery.
Father Nieuwland, however, was not 4
searcher for . synthetic rubber. The
day he passed his gas through the solu-
ton Of copper and alkali metals he was
propelled invoiuntarily into the group
Of sesrchers for the philosophers stone.
Years passed, and Father Nieuwland,
who meantime had become professor Of
organic chemistry at Notre Dame, one
day in 1920 hit upon q way of trapping
the gas that was liberated by the ex-
pertinent. He found q yellowish oil in
addition to the gas, and in 1923 he
treated this oil with sulphur dichloride
to produce an elastic substance resem-
bling rubber. The priest now knew what
he had, but Enthusiastically failed to
mention his discovery for two years.
His Boredom Disappeared.
DR.. Elmer K. Bolton of the Du Pont
laboratories. then engaged in q search
for . rubber synthetic, was bored that
day in Rochester when the little Notre
Dame professor arose to deliver a lee
ture before the group of organic chem.
lists. = His boredom soon disappeared,
however, when this professor mentioned
the substance formed by the union Of
acetylene and the alkai metals Ar
rangements were completed, and the Du
Pont Co. took over Father Nieuwlands
work, with the priest as consultant.
Many false starts were made ana
Continued on Page C-5)
Evening star., 1944-07-16
BY James Birchleld.


Forty-one years $50 n the chemical
laboratories at Catholic University
young. bespectaclsd priest vas intro
dslcsd to acetylene sas, and thus began
= series Of experiments that vers 70 lead
TO two discoveries that have become
important today In Americas war effort
The priest. Father Julius Arthur
Nieuwland, had come to the United
States from Belgium 1t the age Of and
had settled with his parents at South
Bend, Ind. It was natural for him to
enter Notre Dame University, where he
had been ordained to the priesthood just
before taking up graduate work at
Catholic University here IN 1908.
His discoveries process for making
artificial rubber, and poisonous SUBJ
stance later to Be known as Lewisite gas
have recently come back into the
news. The one In connection With the
Russian government. and the other IN
connection with the war In China.
Father Nieuwlands process for the
manufacture Of artificial rubber, deyel-
oped by the Du Pont chemists into the
product known as neoprene, recently was
handed the Russians to be used without
charge while the war lasts. The other
and more somber Of his discoveries,
Lewisite. Is reported to have been used
recently by the japanese in the Heng-
yang section Of China.
While the gift OF neoprene to the
Russians is one more step in Americas
friendly relations with her Soviet ally,
the use to which the other discovery OF
the little priest has been put may mark
the beginning Of the most horrible stage
Of the present war, when 1t Is recalled
Evening star., 1944-07-16
BY James D. White,
Associated Press Stan Writer.

One Of these days you may step on the
steam instead Of the gas. Automotive
engineers definitely are thinking about
steam-powered autos, trucks, buses and
tractors for postwar transportation
although not as an immediate prospect.
The return Of steam Is considered
possible because Of modern automatic
fueling devices and thermostatic con-
trolls, and because Of the light stainless
metals which have been developed in
recent years.
Steam power lost out years ago be-
cause, for one thing, If the fire died out
in the boiler it took around half an hour
to get up steam again. This defect
largely was overcome, but, in the mean
time, the automotive industry was put
ting the quick-starting gasoline motor
into so many cars that steam became all
but forgotten.
Yet steam is efficient. One of the last
6UcdlIlCIS UctClOpcu 1OU IlOISepOW6T WIFI
a motor weighing $50 pounds. Compare
that with the horsepower weight ratio
of your own car.
1t Runs Smoothly
The other day I rode in a steam car
built in 1925. It took less than 2 minutes
to get up steam. This car has travelled
$4,000 miles and today runs as smoothly
as my 1910 gasoline coupe, which has
less than 10000 miles on It's speedometer.
Like all steamers, this one had no
gearshift, no clutch. There was an ac-
celerator, steering wheel and brake.
To back, you simply reversed the motor
mot gear.
The new thinking about steam is
primarily Chinese idea. The Chinese
asked American engineers: How about
designing us steam powered vehicle
one that will be simple to build and take
care of, that can be adapted to burn
Evening star., 1944-07-16

men lay riddled with bullets. One OF the
boys from Oahu had been hit in the leg
and believing it to be an accident started
for the base to receive medical atten-
ton. But the men in the plane had not
made an error. Time after time the
plane dove and fired at the wounded
man, and even long after he was lying
still on the ground they continued to
riddle him.
The remaining soldier stuck to his gun.
helpless without some aid, and tried to
continue firing. He was one Of the many
boys Of japanese blood who was serving
in the United States Army at that
time. He had seen three fellow Amer
leans murdered-and he wanted re-
venge.
fastened to Enlist.
From many islands of the Eacific men
who witnessed acts of japanese brutal
ity, rushed to join the Stars and Stripes.
Thousands OF Japanese descendants
were among them. But Selective Service
was re-classifying men Of Japanese
blood from la to <-B.
The Secretary OF War, after having re-
ceived letters, cablegrams and even tele-
phone calls from all parts Of the Pacific,
decided that these men had as much
right as any other American to tight for
their country, and after conferring with
leading American-Japanese quota of
$500 men was set to form an all Japan
ese-American regiment.
No sooner was the order made public
than more than 10000 stormed the
recruiting stations for the opportunity
to join the colors.
Most of these men were between 10
and % years Of age. The majority had
received their education in American
schools and all but very few spoke
English better than they did japanese
When the quota was filled these men
came to the United States for training
along with men who were already in the
United States Army and formed the
Tooth Infantry Battalion, which Is now
making q fine record In Italy.
Thorough Investigation.
This did not include certain men Of
the islands who also wanted to serve
their country. Under further pressure
from all sides the Selective Service de-
cided to let these Japanese Americans
serve In the Army after = complete In
vcstigation had been made Of their
background The investigation, even
now, takes over year to complete and
many are still waiting to be enlisted.
More than year passed before some
Of these fighting Americans were sent to
the States. Early n May Of le43 con-
signment reached port Of ernbarkation
and from there sailed to the mainland.
These were the men riding across the
United States with their train-curtains
drawn. 70 protect them froan bodily
Evening star., 1944-07-16
By AAY oorrsspondent

How does 1t feel to travel at $40 miles
per hour, faster, 80 far as is known, than
any other man has ever Travelled and
lived?
1t. Robert H. Knapp, returnee of
Norwich, N. Y, who dove his PAT at the
14-miles-per minute clip while chasing
a mess OF NaA fighters over Emden,
found 1t dinicult to answer.
Because was too busy trying to
Evening star., 1944-07-16
He Has Put Our Naval
War Into High Gear

and one of its most experienced air
commanders, Mitscher has had q per-
sonal hand In q surprising list of spec
tacular and important actions against
the japanese.
Working with and under Admiral
Raymond Ames Spruance, 5th Fleet
commander. Mitcsher directed carrier
plane operations in the battle of the
Eastern Philippines, June ls and 10.
Greatest Victory
In the battles first phase, the abortive
Japanese air attack on task force 5Ss
ships, Mtscher's flyers scored the Pa
cific wars most grandiose air victory
Four hundred and two enemy planes
were destroyed. Twenty-seven Ameri-
can planes were lost. The ratio of AMIR
lean superiority was a fraction less than
Is to /.
This score was history repeating It
self for Mitscher. Almost exactly q
year earlier-June is, 1943-Admiral
Mitscher was commanding Allied air.
craft in the Solomons. On that day
the Japanese lost "a planes trying to
attack shipping mastering at Guadal-
canal for the landing assault on Rem
dova and Munda. Six Allied planes
were lost
The ratio of American superiority was
a fraction less than 1e tol
Flying the Limit
The American plane attack on the
Japanese carrier feet in the second
phase Of the Eastern Philippines battle
was pressed courageously by pilots and
crews who knew they were flying the
range limit Of their planes and likely
would crash in darkness into the sea.
But Mitscher personally knows well
the hazards Of over-water flying. More
earnestly, perhaps, than any other Am
erican air commander, he has planned
and employed all possible rescue meth
DDS.
That's one reason why Mitschers
flyers were willing to risk falling into
waters that had been completely jap
anese domain until that day. Their
faith was justified by results: 95 planes
were lost. 73 Of the pilots were rescued.
When the war started, Mitscher was
skipper OF the carrier Hornet. He COM
manded her when 1t. Gen. Jimmy
Doolittles Army flyers took Oh from
the Hornets flight deck to raid Tokyo.
He commanded the Hornet In the battls
Of Midway
Air Commander
Mitscher was commander of aircraft
In the solomons from April through
July. 1913, when 4 decisive start was
made In the reduction Of enemy air
power in the South Pacific. After
brief leave, Admiral Mitscher then took
over ~ West Coast feet air commander.
His responsibility then was to hasten
delivery Of carriers planes and flyers to
the Paciflc's action theatsrs.
He did that job well enough to sat.
isfy even himself, when In january,
1914, he returned to Pacific action as
commander Of the carrier force he had
been building back In the States. His
frst campaign was the Marshalls.
Mitscher Was born January 2e, 1857,
at Hillsboro. WIS., He grew up In wash.
ington. d. c.. and Oklahoma. Appointed
TO the Naval Academy from Oklahoma,
he was graduated in 1910. He volume
teered in naval aviation jnst stx years
tAter.
Evening star., 1944-07-16
BY Left Erickson.

PEARL HARBOR. Vice Admiral
Marc A. Mitscher's admirers claim that
he put the Pacific wars tempo into high
gear with his mighty task force 5S's first
carrier blows at Truk and saipan last
February
He broke the whole thing wide open, {"
says one air staff officer. who was with
Mitscher on those operations.
In the February attacks, the United
Evening star., 1944-07-16

anything from coal dust to tung oil or
alcohol; that dust and corrosion won't
harm, and~will be just as powerful high
in the mountains as at sea level"
So the engineers looked up designs of
the last steamers made decade ago,
and tackled the problems involved in
applying new devices and materials
discovered since then.
The basic Job Is to develop the
essential units of steam vehicle to the
point where they can be produced
cheaply and efficiently enough to in
terest capital for mass production.
Engine Is Simple
The engine, simple unit of around
30 horsepower. is no great problem; it's
the boiler they're concentrating on. One
engineer emissions a small, compact unit
of shameless metal. He has an idea in
stead of using conventional boiler tubing
there must be some way of using the
corrugation principle you see in heavy
paper boxes. Such method would, he
hopes, permit cheap mass production.
The engineers found there still are
several hundred steamers operating in
this country, carefully kept by owners
who like the smooth, steady power, along
with freedom from stalling and gear
shifting.
These amateurs know their steam.
One predicts that it won't come back
for automobiles except for a few hun
dred guys like me who are nuts about
steam" He says a steamer isn't as
simple as it sounds.
Advantages Listed
True, he explains. the engine is simple
there are only two cylinders and
few moving parts. But, he warns, in
addition to boiler with its automatic
feeding devices and controls, you must
have condenser to turn used steam
back into water 50 it can be used for
steam again. And, he points out, there
must be pressure pump system to pump
this water into the boiler, which itself
operates under high pressure
Here are some of the advantages which
Evening star., 1944-07-16
The late Father Julius A.
NteusDl1nd Of Catholic Untpersity

Avs~aS0sSSssN VI NWLsSOesC OWJUCT6JLV
that the President repeatedly has
warned that the United States would
retaliate II poisonous gas Is used.
Father Nieuwland was interested only
In acetylene gas. He knew that It would
require longer than one lifetime to learn
All OF Its properties. and 20 many Of the
reactions were recorded only briefly -
he continued to experiment with his
fayorite gas. These side reactions, he
reasoned, could be studied by other men.
Thus it was that one day while in the
laboratory at Catholic University he
noted an extremely poisonous substance
was formed by acetylene and arsenic
trichloride. Fourteen years later Capt.
w. Lee Lewis, rs he was engaged in
Army research at the university, chanced
Evening star., 1944-07-16

IN Washington. Col.
Bandel was the first
woman in the Or
ganization to attain
that high rank. She
was also the nrst
to be promoted to
major.
Twice she has &C.
companied Col. Hob
by on inspections Of
WAC installat | o n s
over seas. visiting
North Africa, Eng
Y>A A~A YkAIv& n.
Evening star., 1944-07-16

On July %, 1943, she was officially
assigned to the Once of the Secretary,
War Department General STAFF. and in
the following month was promoted to
major.
She Is eyes and Ears"
She had made good as receptionist
and In the rush Of work In Gen. Mar
shall's office had been tried out on tasks
of increasing Importance. On November
Is she became the first woman in the
Army detailed as member of the Cen
eral Staff Corps. Then, as her work
merited, she was designated as an assist
ant secretary of the general staff, and
that is the unrevealing title of the Job
she has now.
Evening star., 1944-07-16

CHupL01I MuSUO 10H5000.
cream, and, they can sripe Is loud As
. Brooklyn fan when the Buns get .
raw deal. But they hate TOTO and his
Black Dragons even more than We do
II that Is possible.
'Nost Of the men are from homes
much the same Is yours and mine." !"
Chaplain Yanada explained. we
have bank clerks. politicians, newspa-
permen. teachers and men from Just
about every field you can think 81.
Most of my boys are from the islands,
tCont.nusd q pass c-so
Evening star., 1944-07-16

fore being made air WAC officer, she
had been aide to Col Hobby and then
deputy director. She has held her
present position since May l, 1943. an
appointment necessitated by the In
creasing importance Of women's services
with the Army Air Forces.
Evening star., 1944-06-19
Many Flee Into Streets
As -Four Quakes JOLT
Los Angeles Area
By the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
LOS ANGELES, June 19.-Down-
town buildings swayed, residences
trembled, burglar alarms were set
off and many persons fed into the
streets as two earthquakes jolted
Los Angeles and nearby cities yes
terday. Two lighter quakes were felt
early today in communities just
south Of here.
The shocks yesterday were the
strongest since those of March 10,
1888, when 121 persons were killed
and property damage of $75 ,000, 900
caused In Compton, Long Beach and
Los Angeles.
There was no material damage
reported from the shocks, the first
recorded at sos pm. and the second
at 8:05 pm. Three women watch
ing baccalaureate services in the
South Gate High School tainted
during the first shock.
Earth Seemed to Rise.
One quake was reported at 1908
am. today by residents in Haw-
thorne, South Gate and Hunting
ton Park and another at 1888 am.
In Compton.
Pedestrians in downtown Los
Angeles and Long Beach were
knocked out OF stride by Sundays
first jolt, which seemed to be
lifting, half circular motion of the
earth. 1t lasted several seconds,
ratified dishes in homes and dumped
some store stocks from shelves. The
second shock lasted longer, seemed
to be rocking motion but not
quite so severe as the first.
Second in Six Days.
These shocks were the second in
six days. Two were recorded here
early last Monday morning. South
ern California had been free of
earthquakes for many months
Ing,ewood reported yesterdays
shocks were the most severe since
1888.
In no community was there any
appreciable damage and no loss of
life. Exacting building requirements
have been enforced since the 1888
quakes.
Yesterdays quakes also were felt
In the San Gabriel Valley, San
Diego, Santa Monica, Glendale, Gull
yer City and Beverly Hills.
Evening star., 1944-06-19
Marshall Praises Fighting
OF Untried Divisions
Ru .hn Assncintnd prnsS

By the Associated Press.
LONDON, June l9.-Gen. George
c. Marshall yesterday called the
performance of untried American
divisions probably the most reas-
suring aspect" of the tremendously
impressive" Normandy invasion.
In a statement to the Army news
paper Stars and Stripes, the chief
of staff said he found on his recent
visit to the battlefront evidence OF
Ia high standard of leadership
throughout"
The western front invasion was
perfectly co-ordinated," he said.
From every portion of the line
where our men are fighting came
Evening star., 1944-06-19
Stauffer Resigns Post
With 0PA Food Branch

BY the Associated Press.
Kenneth E. Stauffer has resigned
as chief of the processed food ra-
tioning branch of the Office of Price
Administration He will leave about
July IS to take food distribution
assignment in Italy with the For
eign Economic Administration.
Mr. Stauffer came to OPA in 1912
from the Kroger Baking and Gro
Gerry Co. of Cincinnati.
Walter F. Straub, in charge of all
food rationing for OPA, has notified
Price Administrator Chester Bowles
that he would like to return to his
Chicago pharmaceutical business, as
sociates said Mr.. Bowles is plan
ming to ask, however, that Mr.
Straub remain with the agency at
least on a part-time basis.
Evening star., 1944-06-19

reports Of the aggressive action,
skill and high morale displayed by
the American soldier" he said.
Those engaging in their first COM
bat carried themselves like the vet-
Grams of experienced divisions. This
probably was the most reassuring
aspect of the operations to us and
the most depressing to the enemy"
Evening star., 1944-06-19
RoIls-Royee Chairman Dies

WINCHESTER. England, June 10
IP.-Lord Herbert Andrew Montagu-
Douglas Scott, II, chairman Of
Rolls Royce, Ltd, and president Of
the Federation of British Industries
in 1931-35, died Saturday.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-12-09
Attend Council

MRS. FRED T. MURPHY
MichiganS representative
on the national board of the
camp and hospital service of
the Rec Cross Mrs. Butler
Higbie and Mrs Howard Ben
nett went 10 Battle Creek
on Wednesday 20 attend a meet
ing of the Camp Custer Coun-
ell IN which the chairman,
Mrs. J. a. Boice of Lansing,
A thrilling report was given
regarding Christmas presents
for men on the high seas E.
Although the Camp Custer
Councils quota was 1000 the
organization sent LOO
These presents have been
shipped 10 San Francisco to be
put into the holds of vessels
sailing from there and dis
tributed on Christmas Day :.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-12-09
Stage yuIe
Luncheon

THE WARDELL SHERATON
Red Cross group. a sewing and
knitting sub-unit of the Queen
Wilhelmina Chapter. staged its
annual Christmas luncheon in
the Wardel Sheraton dining
rooms.
Centering the table was the
. official Red Cross emblem with
clever animal cracker push carts
and Christmas favors providing
the holiday touches.
Mrs. c. d. Selby, chairman of
the party, had places marked
for her committee; Mrs. II. II.
Saylor, Mrs. II. II. Henchel, who
Is the Wardell Sheraton unit
chairman, as well as Mrs. j. w.
Allies, Mrs. George Allen Miss
Helen Fenton and Mrs. M. c.
Hale.
Other members of the group.
which produces not only Red
Cross G arm nts but refugee
clothing as well, included Miss
Alice Camerer, knitting chair
man; Mrs. II. L. Chittenden.
Mrs. G. Hollenbacher, Mrs. N.
F. Hughes. Mrs. Harry deLapot-
terie, Mrs. L. II. Mallott, Miss
]. Mulligan, Mrs. Paul Grin.
Mrs. c. L. Raymond and Miss
Kathleen Toomey.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-12-09
Receives Commission

1t MES MUIR A Y
NORTHRUP, USAAF, received
his commission two weeks ago
In San Antonio and whlsked
home for a Today leave with
his parents the II. Murray
NorthrupS of Three Mile
Drive. Crosse Pointe
While he was here he and his
fiancee Dona Lee Hender-
son daughter of the William
+ B. Henderson of Yorkshire
road. Crosse Polnte decided
10 be married on Jan. -
The ceremony will be per-
formed at s p. m by the Rev.
Frank Fit IN the Crosse
Pointe Memorial Church
Donna Lee has asked 1t.
Northrups sister, Lois, to be
her maid of honor but the
other members of the wedding
party will be announced later
1t. Northrup left Wednesday
10 report at Chanute Field
III.
Donna Lee is a graduate of
Randolph-Macon Women'S Col
lege and a Theta -.
1t. Northrup went TO Albion
College and is a member of
Sigma Chi
Mrs. Clarence f. Bleicher and
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-12-09
BeAUer-Dyed
WOUTON-LA M {

SD like real DeANeF..
just three Of newly srrvsd group Of these
fsvorite young furs Seavsr-dyed Moutons
50 perfectly blended you wonder # your eyes
deceive YOU The styles ere really BIC news,
TOO Tor they're so young and sIcitins...
Ike the chunk Of sckst, Top; the pea octst
ths full Ieneth style edged with band OF gill
embroidered oroedcoth Others are Deted.
box and shorties. See these coats for srea tnri.N
Furs, Third Floor
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-12-09
Fifty-Niners
Dance Dec. 10

A DINNER DANCE will be
held the evening of Dec. 10 in
the Champagne Room of the
Penobscot Club by members of
the Fifty-Niners. the proceeds
from which will be turned over
10 the Red Cross.
The club. which is composed
of SO couples. is a social or
ganization of six years duration.
Mr.. and Mrs. Joseph Miller
are chairmen of the group. and
the other officers are Mr.. and
Mrs. Robert Gott, secretary
treasurer. Committee members
include Mr.. and Mrs. Charles
James. Mr.. and Mrs. Wendell
Stecker and Mr.. and Mrs. Bud
Howell.