davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1944-03-29

leadership OF the
Army Air Forces
Band at Boiling
F ! e Id. Capt.
Howard formerly
was assigned to
Special Services
Divis ion in
Washington.
Capt. Howard
has been assist
ant director Of
music at Ernest
Williams School
of Music, Brook
lyn, director Of
band and chorus
-
Evening star., 1944-03-29
Oregon to Place Dewey
On Primary Ballot

BY the Associated Press.
SPOKANE, Wash, Mar. 29.-The
Spokesman-Review said last night
the required number Of signatures
had been obtained on petitions to
enter Gov. Thomas E. Dewey OF
New York in the Oregon preferential
primary May 10 and these would be
filed this week with the Secretary Of
State.
The consent of q candidate is not
necessary to place his name on the
Oregon ballot.
Evening star., 1944-03-29
Left Wing Takes Over
American Labor parfy
lin n. Y. Primaries
BY the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
NEW YORK, Mar. 29.-Left-wina
forces held control of the American
Labor party today after a bitter
intraparty fight which the losing
right wing had said might affect
President Roosevelt's chances Of re-
election.
The ALP, always an important
factor in New York elections, pro-
vided the margin by which the
President carried New York in
1910. A month ago today the ALP
teamed up with the Democrats
again to give a Tammany district
leader victory in a special congres.
sional election.
The left wing, which had the
support of Sidney Hillman, chair.
man of the CIO Political Actor
Committee, claimed to have elected
in yesterdays primary 625 of the
750 members Of the State commit.
tee-the body which nominates the
party's presidential candidate.
Both Back Fourth Term.
Both factions had urged 9
fourth term for President Roose.
velt, but the controlling right wing
contended left-wing victory would
mean "our party is being invaded
by the Communist party" A
right-wing election eve statement
had said, I'VE want to hand Presi.
dent Roosevelt q nomination
immune from criticism and attack.
In conceding victory to the riva,
group George S. Counts, State ALF
chairman, and Alex Rose, State Sec
retary, said in a statement that
from now on the ALP will be con-
trolled by Earl Browder Communist
leader) no matter who will be put
up as its front"
Mr.. Hillman, whom the right wing
never had called Communist, said
the vote Skaters the fiction care
fully developed by the party leader
ship that If they were defeated 1t
would be as result Of Communist
vote"
Party May Split.
Hyman Blumberg, campaign man.
ager for the Hillman forces, said the
victory would revitalize the ALP
and 600, 900 labor party ballots woulc
be cast in the November presidential
election.
Whether the right wing leaders
would withdraw from the party was
not known. Mr.. Counts said during
the campaign that I'VE liberals can
not remain in the party and serve
as a front for the Communists.
David Dubinsky, president of the
AFL International Ladies' Garment
Workers Union, commented last
night, I'VE will stand by what W.
have said" but he did not elaborate
Democrats elected 86 and Repub.
licans IS district delegates to the
national conventions. Most of then
are believed by politicians to favor
President Roosevelt and Gov
Thomas E. Dewey for the presiden.
tial nominations. The State com.
mittees will name delegates at large
to give New York SO votes in tn,
Democratic and SO in the Republi.
can conventions.
Evening star., 1944-03-29
Capt. Howard Is Named
Boiling Field Band Leader

Replacing Capt. Alf Heiberg, chief
Of the music section of Special Serv-
ices Division, Capt George S.
Howard, Al, has taken over the
Imperial Valley press., 1944-03-12

/ Tests by this method are in full
swing now.
Hydraulic Gradient
After you get used 10 it, A Hyd-
raulic Gradient is nothing form
liable. Neither is a piezometer.
Suppose Engineer Donnan finds
that the water table stands one
oct higher in one observation well
than it dcos in another 100 feet
away He would say the hydraulic
gradient is one foot per hundred.
The difficult thing is to measure
it accurately. In some Imperial
Valley soils, free water may not
show up in an open pit, even
though the soil is saturated. In
other words, you can't always see
the water table in an open hole
or even in a pipe of the kind gen.
orally used for water table observ-
alton wells.
Cooperative effort again was in
ORDER, this time with the U. S.
D. A. Regional Salinity Laboratory.
The result was a, new type of OBJ
servation we'll called a piezometer.
The well itself is IA in. pipe and
the readings are made with an ell
ectric3l device that permits great
accuracy.
Measurement of hydraulic gradt-
lent is no longer a problem. We
can check that off the list as some-
thing we can measure any time,
any place.
Dimensions of Soil Body
Dimensions Of a soil' sounds pee
uliar at first. Whit is meant,
really, is the thickness and extent
of the soil layers capable of carry
ing water rapidly. Call them sand
layers, although they are not all
sand.
Sometimes the layers that are
most important from the drainage
standuoint are several feet below
the surface and generally they are
saturate5. Frequently they are the
stuff VIC call quicksand and that is
swfully hard tc sample. Besides
Imperial Valley press., 1944-03-12
Government Outlines Program
For Conservation Of Soil

just measuring the thickness of
the layer, we must have samples
Tor laboratory use
Getting the dimensions and the
samples is Rod Cheney's job He
and his crew are able to do it by
using soil samphng equipment de-
signed especially for this purpose
by the technicians of the Imperial
Valley Drainage Investigation and
built in the shops of the Imperial
Irrigation District.
Quantity of Water
Quantity CT water is the biggest
unknown" CT the four factors in
our formula, @ equals PIA.
Suppose we want to design a
tile system for a 40-acre field. In
order TO apply our formula and
come cut with a figure fer tile
spacing, we must know the quantity
of water to be removed.
What is the crop going to be?
How heavily will the farmer have
to irrigate to leach out the salt
and keep it from accumulating
from the irrigation water, itself?
How much time can we take in
dropping the water table after ir-
igation?
These questions and many more
must be answered before a value for
%" can be supplied in the form
ula. Perhaps some new methods
and equipment will have to be de-
veloped.
MayDe the war will be over in
month. Maybe it will be years.
In either case, Imperial Valley will
be expected to keep on producing,
either to support the armed forces
or to provide necessities for con-
valescent countries.
Imperfect drainage is generally
admitted to be Imperial Valley Ag-
riculture's chief handicap. The
Imperial Valley Drainage Inves-
tigation, therefore, is making its
contribution to the war effort as
well as the peace period by solving
the equation % equals PIA." -.
Imperial Valley press., 1944-03-12

90 quantity of water involved,
(P) sell permeability or the rate
water can flow through soil, ID
hydraulic gradient or difference in
ground water level at observation
points and (A) dimensions of the
body of soil concerned.
Even F. d. R. has no man who
can casually state just hcw those
four factors can be measured under
Imperial Valley conditions, so the
above mentioned technicians have
had to devise their own methods.
And that isn't a project for hours
or days, but generally for months.
Soil Permeability
Soil technician Vladimir Aronovici
has given the Permeability factor
good deal CT attention and is
putting the finishing touches on
laboratory methods for measuring
the speed of water flowing through
a sell sample. The job is not as
easy as it sounds, either, because
many variabies enter the picture
that would not be expected.
OcFcIdl Hlcll nave WC1KCQ on
this roblem in the laboratory but
if any Of them were able to check
their laboratory values against
measurements under field con-
ditions, their work did not go on
record. 1t is important to know
that measurements maCe in the
laboratory can be applied in the
field
So Engineer William w. Donnan
has developed a method of measur-
ing soil permeabili.y in the field by
pumping from shallow wells and
observing the effect on the surface
of the water table. Just the tech
nique Of putting down well good
enough for the purpose was some
thing th3t required lot of expert
mentation. And l.. V. Hess, of The
Imperial Irrigation District, work.
ed with Donnan on the design and
construction of a special diaphragm
pump that would do the job of
pumping after the we'll was in.
Imperial Valley press., 1944-03-12
Science Battles
ffosQuiio Pest

War ime research has staged a
brisk offensive against the mos
1uito. long fee of all soldiers In
nest of tie fighting areas from the
TroDics to the Arctic, says the agrl-
.u!tural research administration OF
lie y. S. department OF agriculture.
This extensive research under
taking and its attendant conclu-
,ions are of as much benefit to the
General public as to the armed
forces. 1t points the way to the
control of this international pest
4. pesJ that thlives best wnere there
is moisture or standing water.
In a review Of recent work OF the
bureau of entomology and plant
quarantine, it's chief, Dr. P. N. An
land, gives leading place to ad'
yances in control of these insects.
.Mesuui oes, he says, are the most
untearable insects in many areas
ynere troops are concentrated, but
far more important than the an
noyance they cause, these insetcS
IRE the only known carriers OF such
dreaded diseases as yellow fever
and malaria. The use Of an aero
sol bomb containing insecticides
der pressure-which when re-
leased atomizes the insect-killing
material as a fine mist, dead to
insects but harmless to man
promptly rids any room, tent, or
screened area of these tormenting
pests.
Three good mosquito repellants
and a new material for killing the
larvae of anopheles mosquitoes
have been discovered and give
promise OF being more satisfactory
than any previously known.
IN SALT MARSHES
In salt water marshes covered
with heavy vegetation, 80 gallons
of fuel oil to the acre controlled the
breeding of mosquitoes. This meth
cd is practical for treatment of
areas within mosquito-flight dis
,ance of camps and cantonments.
Under similar conditions 100 gal
Ions of a newly developed fresh
water oil emulsion to the acre gave
86es control, and $50 gallons gave
979t control in four hours.
Bureau eXperimenters have also
improved fumigants and
dusting powders for control Of the
other traditional insect enemy of
fighting men, the body louise or
cootie, which carries the deadly
typhus fever, plague of many an
army.
Imperial Valley press., 1944-03-12
By WILLIAM w. FOX

District COnservatiOnist for Inn
perial County, U. S. Department
of Agriculture.)
@ equals P l A . F.. will be recog-
nized as a mathematical formula,
but the result of the equation will
be the final solution of Imperial
county farmers number one prob
lem, sub-soil drainage.
Technicians of the U. S. Soil
Conservation Services Imperial
Valley Drainage Investigation
gage their progress in drainage re-
search by their mastery of those
four letters.
20 equals PIA" is the math-
amatical expression of law fund
amental to movement of water
through soil When methocs are
worked out for measurement CT
each of the four factors, it will be
possible to design drainage systems
with a confidence never before
possible in Imperial Valley.
These four factors, in order, are
Imperial Valley press., 1944-03-12
Alfalfa Holds
Spotlight in
Valley Income

Brightest of all the bright Spots
in Imperial Valley agriculture is
occupied by medicago sativa, alfal-
ia to you.
IF YOU don't like medicago sativa,
YOU may call it lucern or alfacfa-
cali. Nothing you call it will keep
it from growing and making the
soil better and better all OF the'
lime. Ultimately you have the
privilege of calling it hay.
It servies the double purpose OF
replenishing the soil and giving the
valley one of it's most satisfactory
md valuable crops. II is mandatory
hat all soil in the valley be kept IN
alfalfa several years after other
crops are grown. A rigid plan OF
crop rotation with alfalfa as the
'eJlenishing agent is followed by
II wise farmers in the valley.
The wear 1914 bios fair to be the
yreatest year since alfalfa began to
,e one. of the valleys main crops
Total acreage this year is l4o,oOo
acres or 10000 acres more than y
ear ago. Several factors entered
nto this % to 80 per cent increase
n the acreage. IN. C. Ryan, man
ger of the Imperial Valley Hay
Growers association, said. There IS
he necessity for crop rotation ana
he demard for more hay to supply
he great dairy business in the Los
Angeles and San Diego areas. Also
he wartime labor situation made
mn farmers turn to alfalfa grow
ing this year. They believed they
3ould get this crop harvested and
marketed with less worry ana trou-
! lie than would be the case with
.ome ether crops.
Ha; begins TO move from the I'M
,,alia. Valley to the markets IN
iIarch. long lines of loaded trucks
md treilers numbering over the
highways through the night. The
movement reaches its peak in June
and gradually decreases toward the
close of the summer.
Ceiling prices and other regula-
| .ons affect the alfalfa production
yusiness but the hay growers go
. Qedu Will. Illcll DuoiiiSSo oiy ""J
Shortages OF equipment and short
ages of labor have caused many 4
farmer to spend many a sleepless
night, especially when he also has
to worry about the meaning OF
some government regulation he
does not understand and can't find
anyone to explain it to him.
Taking everything into conside"-
alton, however, the hay grower oo-
cupies an tn liable position and ac-
,olally can be said to occupy place
n the sun.
Imperial Valley press., 1944-03-12
CARRIES 1loo TIMES WEIGHT

An Australian ant. can hing by
is feet and hold in its jaws a
weight 100 lines greater than it.
self. BY comparison, l50-pound
man would have 10 hold an 82H
ton weight in his teeth while hang
ing by his tees.
Imperial Valley press., 1944-03-12

$ California has sterilized more
than 10000 insane and feeble
minded people in tho last rs years.
Imperial Valley press., 1944-03-12

B1.. vitamins, when highly mag
nified, appear as beautiful crystals.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1944-07-22
DIS T R B U TES
.FU Nd Cash TO
NEEDY SCHOOLS

NEW YORK-Two hundred and
fifty thousand dollars will be dis
tributed at once among the q mem
Der colleges o. the United Negro
College Fund in order TO make up
their current deficits. This action
was taken at the organization meet
ing OF the Board OF Directors held
recently in Atlanta
This amount is part OF the funds
collected 10 date in the current cam
paign 20 raise $500 900 10 aid in
the maintenance and operation ex-
penSes OF the schools. The board Of
directors is composed Of the presi-
dents o. the participating institu-
lions.
In announcing the action OF the
board. Walter Hoving, national
chairman Of the drive. again en-
phasized the urgent need for pub
lie support in helping the schools
10 attain their goal The response.
while encouraging, he said, is still
far short Of the amount needed for
he colleges 10 meet their financial
DBL cations under the wartime cur
tailment Of their revenues
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1944-07-22
MAJOR ROBERTS
TO GO ABROAD;
AID War NEWS.
BY HARRY McALPIN

WASHINGTON. D. C.-(NNPA)-
Efforts Of the Negro press, and par.
ticularly OF the Capital Press club
an organization composed of work.
ing newsmen in Washington and In.
formation specialists In the gov
eminent. to get better coverage on
the real war activities of Negroes
IN the active theatres OF combat
on the various fronts, are about TO
bear fruit.
Major Homer Roberts. chief OF the
negro news desk in the War De-
partment Bureau of Public Rela-
lions Is being sent overseas pri-
marily to work out plans for inn
proved news coverage on Negroes,
the NNPA learned this week.
To Improve Service
A delegation from the Capital
Press club, headed by Alfred E.
Smith. Washington correspondent
Tor the Chicago Defender, presented
the problem to the deputy director
OF the Bureau OF Public Relations
few weeks ago. At that time, the
cluo representatives were told that
definite steps would be taken to i'm
prove the news service concerning
Negroes in combat theatres.
The Negro press in general has
kept under constant fire the in
adequacy of the coverage given to
the participation OF Negroes in
overseas activity. Practically no
news OF consequence. pointing out
the important role played by COL
ored troops in the invasion OF West
ern Europe, has yet been received
Only last week did the only two
Negro war correspondents in Eng
land get 10 the Normandy coast.
The public relations officers, in
variably white, OF units OF which
Negroes are a part. have found moth
ing TO report but few good conduct
medal awards. some barbershop
quartet activities. and similar tripe
The Army Signal Corps has taken
hardly dozen pictures Of Negroes
participating in the invasion, out Of
hundreds OF others taken.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1944-07-22
Marital Fig h t S
Mar Peace Of
The Home Front

Marital difficulties with their re-
spective mates resulted in the hos
pitalization Of several persons.
mostly women this week, according
TO police records.
Treated for MINOR injuries after
family alterations were Lula An
derson. %, of 972 E. Fort street.
struck with an iron bar by her hus-
band. Howard. u years old; Queen
Brookins. 81, OF 1929 Beaubien
street, beaten by her husband. Luz
ciuS Butler. 80 years old: Armenia
Berry. &c. OF 1892 Antietam, cut by
her husband. Ernest. 30 years old;
Doris Horton. 81. OF 9l8 wilkins
injured when she was pushed of
rear porch by her husband. Sey-
mour; Loretta Gum. IS. of $3.50
Delmar, struck with bottle by her
husband. jim Wright. and Frank
Smith. 35. Of $50 Eliot street. cut
on the hand and scalp by his wife.
Wayne at their home last week.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1944-07-22
Cooking Guides
To War Prisoners

TUSKEGEE INSTITUTE, Ala
III American prisoners OF war
aren't exactly in position 20
cook with gas, al least they will
get some help on how 10 cook with
supplies az hand, American Red
Gross National Headquarters has
indicated" said Captain Walter
Love, recently appointed Prisoner
81 War representative for the Tus-
kegee institute Chapter Of the
American Red Cross
"A prisoner Of war cooking
guide has just been published by
ne American Red Cross and is be-
ing shipped in bulk for distribu-
ton 10 prison camps in Europe
where American prisoners are
held" Captain Love stated The
bookle, is not for general ds:ribu-
ton. but one copy Is allotted 10
each group Of 20 10 80 men in pris-
on camps
The booklet contains recipes and
instructions on how 10 best 10 use
the contents OF the Red Gross
standard food packages.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1944-07-22
don TT BURN UP WHEN
SUN BEATS DOWN
Millions Have Found Quick Relief For Skin
Misery of Heat Rash PHekIy He0t 0buf1g

tually helps prevent it. That's
because Mexsana has a spe-
cial base that helps absorb
moisture, often the cause OF
heat rash. And it also guards
you from chafe since it forms
a medicated coating between
clothing and irritated skin and
protects you from collars. Cir
dies and other garments where
there is a tendency to chafe.
You see Mexsana contains
ingredients often recommend
ed by specialists for the relief
OF these discomforts. Yet
there's no muss or grease to
soil your clothing, since it is
a clean medicated powder.
As q summertime first-aid,
Mexsana has been a favorite
for over 40 years. So keep q
supply on hand for all the
family to use. You'll be sur
prised at the low cost of this
amazing powder-and you
make even greater savings in
the larger sizes. So don't wait
today be sure to get Mexsana.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1944-07-22

Even when the sun beats
down and you're all broken out
with burning, smarting heat
rash, or when the mosquitoes
have eaten you up until you're
in torment from their sting
ing, itching bites, you can still
get soothing relief. For Mex
sana, the soothing, medicated
powder, will bring you the
same grateful relief it has
brought millions of others for
these torturing skin miseries.
Try it for yourself. Just
sprinkle Mexsana on such
minor skin irritations and
you'll feel the difference al
most instantly. See how COOL
ing and soothing it is. See how
1t chases away the torment of
heat rash and prickly heat
how it eases the itch right out
ofmosquito bites and sunburn.
Absorbs Moisture
Mexsana's speedy action Is
something worth remember
ing. II not only soothes the
torment of heat rash-but ac-
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1944-07-22
New Asst Director
To Tuskegee. ARC

TUSKEGrE INSTITUTE. Ala
Mrs Raymond Flo; Ice. Of Wash
ington. D c. IS ne new assistant
director OF tHe Rcd Cross Volun-
tee- Special Services in charge Of
the Home Service Corps Of train
ed volunteers who do social vel
fare work. This announcement was
received from Red Cross head
quarters in Atlanta this week by
Mrs B. 3. Walcott. executive sec
rotary Of the TuSkegee Institute
CHAPTER OF the ARC.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1944-07-22
(jieea,inH0uutAtids

1esss scids, poisons and Wastes IN your
Getting up Nights, Burning Passages, Back
ache. Swollen Ankles. Nervousness, Rheu-
matte Pains. Dixsinsss, Circles Under Eyes.
non-organic and non-systemi, Kidney and
BLADDER troubles. Usually IN such eases, the
very nrst dose OF Cystex goes right to work
helping the Kidneys nush out excess acids
and wastes. And this cleansing. purifying
kidney action, in Just . day or so. may cas-
lily make you feel younger. stronger and
better than IN years. Oct Oyster from your
druggist TO-DAY. Take n exactly as directed
and see the results in your own particular
case. Under our guarantee unless complete
ly satisned you simply return the empty
packs are and get your money back So get
Oyster today. Three guaranteed sixes: Only
1Ss, Use, $3.50 o. druggistS
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1944-07-22

toward Negroes arising from their
contacts overseas; the rantings OF
Bilbo and Rep. May Cd. Of KY;
and politics In il he saws:
I'm getting the papers you send
me regularly now. and it's really
good 10 read. The election is really
causing some confusion. not TO say
anything about the racial problem.
Wants Bilbo There
I'D like to have May and Bilbo
over here for just two seconds. ...
My blood bo.ls reading their speech
eS and articles on what they think.
They want 10 know what 10 do
about everything elsewhere and
can't even clean their own back
yards.
II and two other fellows (south-
erners) went 20. for our physical
for w. c. Well We didn't take any
eating utensils with US. We man
aged 10 borrow plates. knife and
forks; but cups were scarce. We
finally tucked up on one and all
drank coffee oct of the same cup
IL the same time. I've eaten with
white companies and the "what-is-
he-doing here" look has ceased to
exist anywhere.
They are learning fast that all
the difference is in The mind. I've
heard many Of them say Wha, fools
their parents and ancestors have
been in thinking themselves su-
per!or 10 any race.
verse with them, bring up the
race question. The majority OF them
say they are just taking their
parents word for different stories
told them; others say they just
never came in contact with Negroes.
therefore. never gave 1t a thought
one way or another.
This war has really made a
drastic change for the better
personal opinion) smile