davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1944-02-01
Constantine Br01Vn

Moscow government. It could, Of course,
very easily tell the British that these
matters should not concern the London
government. Such q drastic answer
might cause unpleasant reactions which
the Soviet would want to avoid.
A change Of the Russian constitution
Transforming Russia into a common
wealth Of nations after the present
British pattern or after the pattern of
the British Federation of Nations as
advocated a few weeks ago by Field
Marshal Jan Christian Smuts of South
Africa would do away with any criticism
that Russia wants territorial conquests.
Governments, created If necessary in
Moscow, could be set up during the
process Of liberation from the Axis
yoke. They could ask to be incorporated
into the newly created commonwealth
or federation and neither Britain nor
the United States nor the governments
in-exile could have anything to say
against them.
On the surface, at least, this would
appear q sane move to consolidate all
the nations of the Balkans, Eastern
and Central Europe into one DO
litical and economic bloc with as few
frictions as exist among the members
Of the British dominions. The in
dividual nationality of the members of
the new confederation would be pre-
served, on paper at least, and the major
political problems which now have a
dtsrupting effect on the United Nations
would be eliminated.
Evening star., 1944-02-01
Letters to The Star
Ministers Approve Star Editorial
On Negro Labor.


On Negro Labor.
To the Editor Of The Star:
The Methodist Preachers Union of
Negro Ministers Of Washington and
vicinity desires to express appreciation
and unalloyed commendation for the
high stand you took in your issue of
January under the caption, Rights of
Negroes"
The editorial referred to commented
on the ruling made by the Supreme
Court early in December with reference
to the Negro redcaps in st. Paul, MINI.
We are very grateful for the fearless
manner in which The Star voluntarily
championed our cause. Our preachers
union represents more than $4,000 Ne
groes who feel that Negro labor will be
handicapped seriously by the adverse
ruling of the highest tribunal in the
land.
We indorse fully your favorable atti-
tude toward the reconsideration of the
earlier ruling, which, as a matter of
fact, flagrantly denies Negro workers
equal economic treatment under the
law
We recognize the value of the press
in moulding the sentiment of the Dis
trict of Columbia and congratulate The
Star for its continued policy of uphold
ing justice and fair play for all, regard
less of race, color or previous condition.
Under the stress and strain of nearly
fourscore years of one long torture of
soul we entertain an ardent hope that
your editorial appeal in the interest Of
the redcaps at least will influence the
Supreme Court to review the case once
more, and that the new ruling handed
down will give us the economic breath
ing space our loyalty to America de-
serves.
Whichever way it may turn, we shall
always cherish that high regard for the
sledge-hammer directness of The Star,
which it has built up in the years of its
existence.
E. ADOLPH HAYNES, Editor,
FRANK L. WILLIAMS. Secretary,
Methodist Preachers Union of Negro
Ministers.
Evening star., 1944-02-01

vote. This goes for Republicans and
Democrats alike. The desire probably
is tempered, however, by the direction
in which the mass of soldier votes is
likely to go. 1t is no secret that the
President and his advisers expect the
soldier vote to go to him If he is
candidate. 1t Is likewise no secret
that many of the Presidents opponents
fear just that thing will happen. AS a
matter of fact, no one knows too much
about how the soldiers themselves will
vote. All kinds of conflicting reports
drift into Washington.
X +
What the Republicans fear-and anti
New Deal Democrats, too-is that tre-
mendous pressure will be brought to
line the soldiers up for the Com
mander in Chief" in time Of war. They
fear, too, the mass psychology which
may be at work when a company of
soldiers is lined up, handed ballots and
told to vote. They fear, also, that the
power of the Government propaganda
Evening star., 1944-02-01
These Will Remain

Still rides the neU moons fragile shell
across the early night,
Still tall the black and Silver tides
upon this casual shore,
And here is promise that this song OF
sea and Hmpid lunar light
Will sing and shine as they haze,
shining, sung before.
The Hunter in his place and golden
Eagle westward climb
Their spdngled paths across the sap
phire stellar plain,
Unchanged in shimmering night By
,Ddrs or time;
Whatever else ,oiH pass, this steadtast
startire ,Dtl remain.-
So turns the earth, the choired stars
aboDe the evening sea;
Nothing is altered beyond its old
accustomed hour.
So ,Diu succeed the seasons in familiar
harmony,
The time OF fallen leaf, and of the
budding foUey.
FREDERICK EBRIGHr.
Evening star., 1944-02-01
Dean Morse Resigns

The decision of Dean Wayne L.
Morse to resign from the War Labor
Board to enter the Republican
senatorial race in his home State of
Oregon will take from the board one
of its ablest and strongest members.
AS a representative of the public,
Dean Morse has vigorously opposed
any settlement of labor dispute
which, in his judgment, COM
promised the standing of the board.
His views in this respect were stated
well in his dissent from the boards
recent coal decision, to which he
took sharp exception on the prin-
cipal ground that the new wage
agreement had been made with the
miners while they were on strike in
violation of their pledge and in
defiance of the board. This Ma
tion," he said, should have exer-
cised its sovereign powers to meet
the challenge raised by the economic
action of the United Mine Workers,
rather than capitulate to that chal-
lenge by offering them a contract
which appears to have been dictated
at the point of a strike weapon"
The other members, while protesting
against the circumstances of the
settlement, voted to approve it on
the ground of national necessity. In
word, Dean Morse was willing to
go to the mat with John L. Lewis;
the other members were not.
He did not develop his insistence
upon orderly procedure and prin-
ciple after coming to Washington.
In October of 1899, when he was
serving as Federal arbitrator in the
West Coast shipping industry, Dean
Morse promptly resigned when
Harry Bridges longshoremen re-
fused to abide by an arbitration
award. Judicial systems cannot
survive" he declared, whenever the
party litfgants refuse to carry out
the mandates of that system"
When the war is over there will be
an increasing demand for an indus
trial philosophy based upon recogni-
Evening star., 1944-02-01

Mill are being invaded, or these three
are themselves our major objectlves,
which means that Jaluit and Mill are
to be "by- passed" and left to be cleaned
up later, after the fashion Of Kiska and
Vella Lavella
The japanese will be as uncertain
in this respect as any one else. until
the blow finally falls; and in this fact
lies their real weakness, for all they
can do is to sit tight on each of their
major positions and wait the develop
ment of our initiative Short of bring
ing on major fleet action, the Japa-
nese can have no means of using a
mobile reserve in the Marshalls as long
as we maintain in full measure our air
superiority and proceed with invasion
only when we have effectively neutral
lied the surrounding air bases of the
enemy.
This matter Of Japanese air power
on which the defense of the Marshalls
and other island positions is utterly
dependent-is complicated for the Toxic
high command by the signs of impend-
ing attack in the Southwest Pacific
simultaneously with the stepping up
of our offensive in the Central Pacific.
1t long has been very clear that the
Japanese air power no longer can be
maintained at levels permitting 1t to
meet two widely separated offensives at
the same time. 1t is, therefore, our
best strategy to apply such double
strain and we now seem to possess
sufficient means in the Pacific theater
to do it.
1t would be strange, If as we develop
our operations in the Marshalls, we did
not likewise launch serious attack in
the Southwest, perhaps against Madang,
or the Admiralty Islands, or New Ire
land. Our capture Of any of these
would tend to further isolate Rabaul,
and all of them are objectives which
the Japanese hardly can afford to allow
to fall into our hands without struggle.
But once again, save for the last-ditch
fight of the well-dug-in army garrisons,
the japanese have no effective means
OF defending them save by concentra-
tlons of air or naval power.
The calculations Of the Japanese high
command in the present instance must
be further complicated by the need for
Evening star., 1944-02-01

portant current problems of state such
as budget, expenditures, and a number
OF other matters concerning the internal
policies OF the republics.
This year, however, it is said in
usually well-informed quarters, the
meetings will be much more important
since an entire revamping of the Soviet
constitution is planned. These quarters
say that the Kremlin intends to trans
form the U. S. S. r. into a common
wealth more or less on the British pat
tern giving much greater inde-
pendence to each republic The idea
seems to be to give to the republics
dominion status which would enable
them to have their own diplomatic rep
resentation.
Evening star., 1944-02-01
History of Negro Subdivision
Since 1886 Reported.
To thu Editor ~ Thu Stay.

To the Editor Of The Star:
This letter is prompted by statement
attributed by the press to John Nolen,
director of planning, National Capital
Park and Planning Commission, and by
an article by Ben McKelway published
in The Star of January %.
Mr.. Nolen was reported to have said
at the Dunbar School conference that
the density of population in recognized
and established Negro areas is only
about SO per cent of the density of popu-
lation in recognized white areas" In
other words, areas now recognized as
predominantly Negro would have to in
crease their housing 100 per cent to
equal the density of population in white
areas. The writer thinks Mr.. Nolens
statement very informative and enlight-
enlng and at the same time clear and
fair answer to why the constant urge for
the taking of more virgin land for Negro
housing
Phe question now naturally comes
up: Why are the Negro areas generally
only so per cent developed? There are
probably several reasons, but the visual
answer seems to be that both courage
and money have given out and it was
not worth while to go on.
To confirm Mr.. Nolen's observation, I
give below factual history of Negro
subdivision known as Marshall Heights.
When this subdivision was recorded,
April 81, 1886, there already were on the
map five other Negro subdivisions north
of the Benning road known as Glendale,
Lincoln, Grant Park, Burrville and East
Deanwood. I selected Marshall Heights
because of its size, 1875 lots; its long
frontage, 1000 feet on Central avenue,
and its desirable topography.
I make my history factual for the
reason that 1 once heard Andrew Car
negie say that in an argument he would
rather present or receive one pertinent
fact than dozen generalities.
Marshall Heights subdivision, as I
have asserted, was recorded April 81.
1886. It's acreage Q65.D was subdivided
into 81 squares and the squares in turn
subdivided into 1875 lots, 40 by 100 each.
The assessment book of the collector of
taxes, corrected 1912, shows:
Cd That 3l1 of the 1875 lots have
been improved.
90 That the value of improvements
on 218 lots is $500 or less.
60 That the value of improvements
on 10 lots is $500 to $1,000.
(b That the value of improvements
on IA lots is $1,000 or more.
go That the square-foot area Of the
1854 unimproved lots is approximately
4,256,000.
The consensus definitely seems to be
that even families of low income, Negro
or white, are entitled to decent, COM
Portable housing, and no one will be-
grudge the cost of Federal aid, if neces-
sary, wisely administered.
1t seems strange that very recently, in
seeking a site for low-rental housing
for Negroes. 100000 square feet of
subdivided, recorded, vacant land. far
more advantageously located than the
Is acres selected, was overlooked
CHARLES A. BARKER.
Evening star., 1944-02-01
The Hitler Youth
From the Clay Center tKansas) Dispatch

From the Clay Center (Kansss) Dispatch.
Older people in Germany are said to
be ready to call 1t war and quit and
that the only thing which is holding the
nation in the fighting and bolstering up
morale Is the Hitler Youth. That would
not be strange. Taught from birth that
Hitler Is superman and knowing noth-
Ing about the world except just what
Hitler has permitted them to learn, 1t
Is not surprising that they are fanaticaI
patriots. Then, also, young people are
often the basis of dictators' power. It.
Is said that Napoleon's old, veteran
guard at the battle Of Waterloo-the
soldiers who were expected to save the
day-were boys who had not yet become,
Of age. Hitler knew what kind Of Can.
non fodder he was preparing when he.
organized the Hitler youth movement.
1t is decidedly too bad, for In the next
Is years that generation will be sadly.
missed in the Germany which Is to come.
Evening star., 1944-02-01
Complains About Mrs. Roosevelts
Interference" in Community.

To the Editor OF The Star
A few days ago Mrs. Eleanor Roose-
velt, under the direction of officials
of the National Capital Housing Au-
thority and the Washington Urban
League, toured Bradbury Heights in
order to further express her sentiments
on low-cost housing project for colored
occupants contemplated in this COM
munity.
Oddly enough, the zoning Commits
sion, which had under advisement a
petition from the Bradbury Heights
citizens protesting such a project and
requesting rezoning of the entire de-
velopment and undeveloped area, rem
dered it's decision two days later.
On completion of her tour, Mrs.
Roosevelt commented that the Brad
bury Heights area was natural, nor
NAL place for colored housing"
Such a remark naturally creates and
promotes racial prejudice in a white
community such as this, and I do not
believe any home owner in Bradbury
Heights (of which I am one) will agree
with her. 1t seems to me this inter-
ference on her part was uncalled for,
and I am sure 1t was not appreciated
by the Bradbury Heights community.
LOUIS E. ARM1GER.
Evening star., 1944-02-01

through them. They are northeast
OF the Carolines and northwest OF
the Gilberts. It is estimated that
their total land area is one hundred
and f1fty-eight square miles. One
chain is called Radak, another Ralik.
The entire archipelago is named for
a British captain who explored 1t
in 1888.
But the Marshalls seem to have
been known much earlier. De Saav-
edra probably saw them in 1929,
Wallis certainly did in 1857. The
group is not attractive as place of
permanent residence. A tidal wave
such as might follow an earthquake
or volcanic eruption in the neigh
borhood would sweep the islands
bare IN a minute. The highest ele-
vation is tiny hill on Likiep, thirty
feet above the water. Coral reefs
just below the surface Of the lagoons
make navigation perilous business.
Though there is little actual soil,
coconut palms, breadfruit trees and
bananas flourish in the sand. The
climate is moist and hot, especially
in January and February.
1t is of interest perhaps to remem-
Der that the Marshalls were picked
up" by Kaiser Wilhelm in 1885 as a
detail in his plan for a series of COL
onies around the globe. The IAN
nexation' was permitted by powers
which might have prevented it had
they chose. A mandate to Japan
was granted in the peace treaty in
tended to liquidate the First World
War. Rumors of extensive fortifica-
tions having been constructed began
to reach the United States as early
as 1880, but the reports were not
taken seriously. Now the Nipponese
installations must be blasted out by
shellfire from the air and from ships
OF the American Fleet, as Admiral
King says, ION the road to Toxic"
Evening star., 1944-02-01
Jupun in the Air

z Man for man and plane for plane,
wherever our American and Allied
<forces meet them. the japanese are
<being overwhelmingly outfought in
<the air. In the month just ended,
Sin the Southwest Pacific alone, their
losses numbered at least 546 craft
certainly destroyed, plus almost
200 possibly destroyed, at a total
cost to us of only 81.
Figures like these, representing
month of Allied air victories with an
average margin OF better than five
to one, have ceased being unusual.
In the opening days OF the war in
the Pacific, our forces were operat-
ing on a shoestring, with generally
mediocre equipment, and Japanese
pilots and planes-notably the
Zero-seemed very good indeed. But
that time has long since passed.
Since our counteroffensive in the
Solomons, where the enemy ex-
pended something like 1000 fighters
and bombers in a futile effort to hold
Guadalcanal, Tojo's flyers and their
machines have been consistently
and spectacularly beaten in every
area of battle, ranging over thou
sands OF miles of ocean all the way
from the Aleutians to New Guinea
and to the Asiatic mainland as well.
This is not to say that the Japa-
nese air force has become push
over. 1t has not. But our American
and Allied flyers have shown them
selves so decidedly superior to it
sometimes with victory margins as
one e-sided as thirteen to one-that
there can be little or no doubt about
its marked decline, however much
trouble it may yet be able to cause.
Since the attack on Pearl Harbor 1t
Is believed to have lost the cream Of
its pilots, and this human attrition,
together with heavy attrition in
equipment, is showing itself every
where in the Pacific. Nor is it some
thing that can be readily absorbed
by Japan, for Japan is unlike the
United States in that its productive
plant is strictly limited, and the
bulk of it's youth is not nearly so
adaptable to flight training as are
the young men Of America.
Qualitatively and quantitatively,
our air power thus appears to enjoy
a striking advantage. To begin
with, our flyers receive better and
longer training before being sent
into combat, and their planes are
on the whole superior. In addition,
from the quantity standpoint, we
are producing in the neighborhood
of 100000 new pilots and 100000
planes of all types year. Japan,
lacking the adaptable human ma
terial available to us and capable
Of turning out at most only 1000
aircraft a month, can hardly keep
up with such pace. This, like
it's shipping deficiencies, constitutes
one Of the TOTO war machines most
significant weaknesses-one likely to
grow even more marked as time, at
triton and our Allied offensives con-
tinue to grind on.
Evening star., 1944-02-01

and I have been hearing it often.
1t is no proof of our morale for us
to become genuinely angry when we
hear that our friends and brothers
have been wantonly beaten, starved,
decapitated and buried alive. That is
merely proof that we are alive, and
have normal human reactions. If
take little pleasure in the national
demonstration that has been touched
off by these dreadful revelations, it is
precisely because the revelations are
so dreadful Does it take as much as
this to make us draw closer together and
speak, for the moment, as one?
y X
Are we to be proud because we are
moved by what would move stone?
Evening star., 1944-02-01

forces will be let loose to convince the
soldiers they must vote for the Presi-
dent
The fight in Congress, however, is
not over giving the soldiers a vote. It
is being waged over the kind of ballot
that is to be given them. The con-
tention is made by the administration
forces that it must be Federal bal
lot"-something never before advanced
In this country-since the distribution
of the regular State ballots would be
impracticable
The antiadministration forces. on the
other hand, insist that the State ballot
alone Is constitutional, since the Con-
stltution leaves the control of elections
to the States. They do not admit that
the State ballots cannot be distributed
to the men overseas and in this country
In support of this latter contention
they point out that 100000 State bal
lots, estimated to weigh 300 tons, will
have to be delivered overseas. They
say that 10000 900 Christmas packages,
weighing 10000 tons, were distributed
to the soldiers. Furthermore, they in
sist that if the State ballot is the only
available ballot the Government will
see that it is delivered and returned In
time.
4
There is much to be said for the State
ballot and against the Federal ballot.
In the first place, the State ballot is
constitutional. If the Federal ballot is
adhered to- the count of the ballots In
some States, particularly If the soldier
vote is the controlling vote, will be
thrown into the courts, and the election
of President. Vice President and a
Congress may be hopelessly tied into a
hot. Further, if a Federal ballot for
the election of President and members
of Congress Is authorized for wartime
Evening star., 1944-02-01

ton of the fact that labor and man.
agement cannot live together unless
both parties are willing to abide by
the rules of the game. Whether in
the Senate or in some other capacity,
Dean Morse can and undoubtedly
will make an important contribution
to this end.
Evening star., 1944-02-01
Marshall Islands

The Marshall Islands, now under
blistering attack as part of the
point-to-point campaign which Ad-
miral Ernest J. King has said is "a
necessary preliminary to an all-out
assault on the japanese homeland"
are about thirty-three atolls lying
approximately half way between
Hawaii and New Guinea. A line
drawn across the Pacific from the
Canal Zone to Mindanao would pass