davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1944-03-10

one idea viii be to do the Job well.
One would think credit would be
claimd for Mr.. Roosevelt when for
so vital post as this he picked the
best man without regard to his political
views and financial standing. In this
case, he put the national interests frst,
Instead Of applauding, his left-wing
friends appear aggrieved that he did
not name an impecunious New Dealer
hot f0r the fourth term. And the labor
bosses, of course, wanted labor man
with "co-equal power" To know how
well that idea works, 1t is only neces-
sary to recall the complete futility Of
our early war production effort when
Sydney Hillman, now linked with the
party. had "co-equal power" with Mr..
KnudSen.
The foreign policy grievance is
largely based on the fact that 1t does
not recognize the liberal" elements In
the occupied countries and Is not fully
in tune with the four freedoms and
the Atlantic Charter. For this Mr..
Roosevelt is blamed. The indictment
is that he has deserted the principles
he, himself, proclaimed. What seems
to be ignored Is that our foreign
policy in Algiers, in Italy and in Spain
Is pot made by Mr.. Roosevelt or Mr..
Hull Though approved by them, but
by our military authorities-as 1t
should have been. Also, the sole idea
Of our military authorities, as 1t should
be, Is to formulate policy and deal
with the men from whom and which
the American Army can get the most
help in prosecuting its war against the
Germans.
That ts-and should be-the only
consideration. Our military command
ers In the field are the only judges of
what best helps the American Army
win its war. And 1t is unthinkable that
Evening star., 1944-03-10

swing, and Is the first great rising
against Nazis and Fascists anywhere
in Western Europe.
Our policy seems to be to ignore 1t.
But bear In mind that for years the
British and American propaganda has
been urging this revolt, and not only
against the Fascist government but
once even against Badoglio-in Au-
to give In. Now 1t occurs.
At the same time, we continue to
support, In the south, . government
which, from the viewpoint Of Italian
anti-Fascists. Is neo-Fascist itself. We
have not nquidated the Fascist regime,
but, with the exception Of top odlcials,
kept the structure intact We are neith-
er using tho press which We control to
form democratic opinion, nor permit
ting anti-Fascist groups to assemble
and develop programs, nor recruiting
an anti-Fascist volunteer army. Judg-
ing by the behavior Of Anglo-American
occupation forces, 1t is our intention
to suppress an italian showdown
against Fascism.
The argument Is that this must be
postponed, until we occupy Rome. But
why should a specific city, even the
capital, be involved In q fundamental
political policy? II Badoglio can gov
ern without Rome why not another?
\
There Is evidence that this turning
over Of political decisions to the mill.
tary will have. historical consequences.
The same procedure had consequences
after the First World War. In recent
years the German republic repeatedly
has been accused Of not uquidating the
ancient regime and leaving In courts,
Evening star., 1944-03-10
Astronomers

Our race has need OF sages such as these,
Whose measuring rods are Aght-years,
and 1Dho say
That points million trillion leagues
aWay
Are only in our nert-door galaries.
O stal1Uart piston OF inamensities
That placidly can tabulate and Weigh
Star-strednls and clusters, hoping for a
ray
OF light -. perhaps in coming centuries!
Such reach and ut haze magic for
1Dorld
With eyes doDn-tu turned to scan the
oosing SOIL
For If l0e saD the con bridging Whole,
Where suns like 1Dind-bloiDn glints of
dust are sDirled,
Ho,D splash in blood, or cra,Dl for golden
spoil,
while round our heads the orbs and
ages roll?
STANTON A. COBLENTz.
Evening star., 1944-03-10

"the first of our continental modern
wars, with mass armies, railways,
telegraphy and war reporters"
Dunant failed to see the Emperor,
but he did see the horrors Of lone of
the bloodiest battles in modern his
tory"-Solferino, June "a, 1859. The
experience changed the whole char
acter Of his life. In an instant he
became q volunteer servant of the
wounded. DR.. Appia, meanwhile,
saw the same dreadful scenes, wit
messed the same frightful suffering.
Both agreed on the imperative need
for power to lessen the human cost,
the agony and misery Of armed
strife. Dunant was an artist in
temperament, a poet in feeling; DR..
Appia was a scientist, a realistic
philosopher; they complemented
each other. In association with
three friends, they formed the Com
mittee Of Five which took the first
steps toward the establishment of
the Red Cross which now exists.
No individual may wear the arm
let which DR.. Appia risked his life to
bear on the battlef1elds of 1854. It is
a sacred treasure In the interna-
tional Office at Geneva, reverently
preserved as q relic Of the founders.
There it should remain. But the
same emblem is available to every
American who contributes to the
Red Cross in the War Fund cam
paign of 1914. It should be worn by
all who have the heart to wish to
share the sacrifice involved in the
saving Of liberty and the winning OF
peace worthy Of such price.
Evening star., 1944-03-10

this, the worst threat they have faced
IN Russia since Stalingrad, just at
time when their risks on the Italian
front have reached high point, so that
they may at any moment be called on
to put in more troops to save those al
ready there; and likewise that the same
day that brings word of the Russian
advance on Proskur% likewise brings
word that Marshals Won Rundstedt and
Rommel, in Western Europe, are show
Ing signs OF nervousness about a pos
sible invasion during the month Of
March, are alerting all garrisons, call
ing for reinforcements from Germany
and taking extra precautions in local
security measures. There may be Moth
ing at all in these reports; we have
heard them before. But it Is interesting
to have these things happening simul-
taneously.
But aside from these general, and
potentially vital important considera-
tions OF grand strategy, let us ask our
selves what will happen If the Russians
take Proskurov and the Germans cannot
recover it. In that case, as pointed out
in previous articles, the German armies
Of the south-all those now holding the
line Of the Bug, and fighting along the
lower Dnieper, the garrisons Of Nikolaev,
Kherson and Odessa, the holdir~ force
in the Vinnitsa region-all these will
have no direct line Of supply from Ger
many, or of retreat either They will
become dependent on the Rumanian
railway system, and its connections with
Germany through Hungary. They will
have no effective means of communica-
ton with the German armies Of the
center.
Evening star., 1944-03-10
The Soldier Vote

The soldier vote bill that finally
emerged from weeks of conference
is a victory for the advocates of
State control of elections, since
even the limited use of a Federal
ballot depends on State action.
For that reason, no one can give
an accurate answer today to the
question most frequently asked,
Would more servicemen get
chance to vote under this than
under existing law?"
Each Governor would have until
July is to certify that State law
authorizes use of the simplified Fed
eral ballot by members of the armed
forces overseas who apply for a
Evening star., 1944-03-10

being neglected only because no great
power Is insisting on q showdown, as
the Soviet is doing IN the Polish and
Yugoslav cases.
That Is the Italian question. In
Italy, revolutionary ;anti-Fascist and
anti-G German forces In the north, oc-
cupied by the Germans and under the
authority Of the Mussolini government,
have risen In rebellion. An estimated
100000 to 100000 strikers are de-
manding renunciation Of the draft for
Fascist armies, cessation Of the ship
ment Of Italian technicians and WORK
ers to Germany. reduction Of curfew
hours and Immediate liberation and
return Of Italians deported to Poland.
Before this column appears, there may
haTe heen - showdown aa1d bloody
'imas skcre by German military authors
ties.
Auy case the revolt is in full
Evening star., 1944-03-10

State ballot, by September / and fail
to receive it by October /.
Members of Congress, who will
settle the issue next week. must de-
eide, therefore. whether it would
be better to give the States a
chance to bring their laws into line
with this combination system Of
State and Federal ballots. or fall
back on the 1912 law, under which
all ballots would have to be sent
to servicemen by the States. Judging
by previous roll calls. both houses
are likely to ratify the new plan.
Then the question would be up to
President Roosevelt, who has not re-
vealed whether he would sign it,
veto it. or let it become a law with
out his signature.
The more ardent advocates of a
simplified Federal ballot for all
members OF the armed forces at
home or abroad. without regard to
State law. are saying flatly they
would rather rely on the 1912 law
than take the pending bill. They
argue that in nearly all of the
States further action by the legisla-
lures would be necessary to sane
ton the Federal ballot; that thir-
teen States have already held
their special sessions and that
eleven other States do not plan
changes in their laws.
AS against that line of reasoning,
however. there are two factors that
should not be overlooked: /, If this
conference report fails there is not
likely to be any further action in
time for this years election; 2. if
the conference report passes, Con-
gress will have placed squarely on
the States the responsibility for
amending their laws to make soldier
voting easier.
Evening star., 1944-03-10

the circumstances which preceded her
entrance into war against Russia.
It Is recalled that before Russia was
attacked by Germany and was on Hit
ler's side Finland had fought hard
against an unwarranted Soviet aggres-
sion. Our. own War Department finds
military Qualifications in Russias attack
on Finland; the department has gone
on record as saying that Russias ability
to stave OF the Na1 military machine
In l941 was enhanced by the fact that
she had taken certain important
strategic positions from Finland.
Finland's neighbors do not subscribe
to this theory, contending that when
the Red forces were defeating Marshal
Mannerheims army the Soviet did not
expect a war with the Reich in the near
future.
The Stockholm government has made
1t clear to the Allies that Finland's
future Is Of vital concern to her. Hence,
the Swedes have been urging the Finns
to act moderately and pay whatever
price Is necessary for having fought on
Hitler's side as long as this price does
not involve her complete loss Of
independence.
+**+ Rss
The idea OF . federation of the Nordic
states which would include Norway,
Sweden and Finland has not been dis
cussed openly In recent years. But
the leaders Of these three countries
are seriously concerned over the future
shape Of Europe. They see compro-
misses among the great powers and
hear good deal about spheres OF
influence. They all realize that when
Germany surrenders, Russia will be the
dominant power between the Vistula and
the Elbe Rivers.
The three Nordic states are linked
with Switzerland, unquestionably the
most advanced democracy in Europe.
Neither Norway nor Sweden nor Fin
land wants to be incorporated into any
particular zone Of influence Of any
power. They are not warlike nations,
Evening star., 1944-03-10
Constantine BrO1Vn

but can fioht, as Finland and Norway
did. They feel that . Nordic federation
would represent . unit which, while
n.ilitarily far inferior to Russia, would
have such strong appeal to the other
world powers, particularly the United
States, that they could safely face any
danger individually, they stand much
lesser chance Of maintaining their SOW
ereign rights.
Sweden Is now said to be anxious 70
induce the Firms to accept peace terms
from Moscow provided, Of course, Ger.
tain territories are maintained intact.
The territories Russia may wish to
acquire In the east are important to
Finland but, while Finland is said to
be willing to renounce some Of her
territories In the east, she Is determined
to maintain her sovereignty over the
northern and western parts Of the
country, including the key to the Gull
Of Bothnia, the Aland Islands:
Whether Russia Is willing TO accept
Finland's counterproposals = difncult
to say. Much IS being made Of the
presence Of German military forces In
that country. The Russians demand
justidably that they should be interned.
Finland has been toying with the
idea Of asking peace terms ever since
the Siege OF Leningrad was broken by
the Red Armies, She has likely con-
suited with the German government
about her plans. Reliable reports have
reached Washington that the Nasis
have been withdrawing forces from Fin
land for some time and It u doubtful
that the Germans today have In Fin
land more than the electives Of one
division, some $1,000 to 10000 men.
Hence, 1t Is pointed out by those
following the Finnish Russian negoti-
ations that this question would not be
difncult to settle. The crt1 Of the
negotiations lies In whether or not
Finland and Sweden are convinced that
Russia's peace terms would guarantee
the independence Of what is left Of the
Finnish Republic.
Evening star., 1944-03-10
Dorothy Thompson

army and civil bureaucracy tho anti.
democratic seeds which supported Hitler
and precipitated the Second World War.
The accusation Is not unfounded. But
who was responsible for this airvival7
I regret to say that the Allied mill.
tary occupation authorities were In
volved In responsibility. When the
Kaiser's regime collapsed, the German
nation was rising In full revolt. A CEN
tra1 council Of workers, soldiers and
peasants had been formed and was
taking over the administration, with q
whole network Of local councils assist.
Ing. The overwhelming majority were
Social-Democratic and anti Communist.
The councils regarded themselves O.
temporary bodies for the construction Of
. new parliamentary system.
But when our occupying armies
marched In, they refused cooperation
with these opponents Of the Cd regime
and insisted that imperial ofncials Be
reinstalled. The story is recorded by
Col. I. L. Hunt Of the Sd Army and
American Forces Of Occupation, 1915
1890, IN his report as odlcer In charge Of
civil affairs. He said: "Ihe political In
stitutions with which the American
Army came into contact were those
Of the old regime 80. It was fortunate
''s that the counsel Of moderation
won the day, and most Of the ex-im.
perial officers remained at their
posts. 80
= 4
1T Is self-evident that the autocratie
nature (of the German civil service) Pc
culiarly ATS 1t to adapt itself to the
wishes Of an occupying force"
There you have In . nutshell the story
now being repeated In italy.
ussleased b. the Dsli syndicate, me-,
Evening star., 1944-03-10
Frank K. KEN

either Mr.. Roosevelt or Mr.. Hull should
put aside their Judgment because they
do not deal with the men our domestic
liberals regard as Democrats or stop the
hight to put the question Of selecting
their own government up to an un-
ready people. It Is to the credit OF
the President and Mr.. Hull that
neither one Of them thought Of doing
such a thing. Now, as to the allega-
tion that we are holding back and
avoiding making decisions on many
postwar European matters about which
we talk but do not act.
It Is true that both Russia and Brit.
ain are outlining clear political poli.
cies for their own security In conrsc-
ton with European boundaries. The
British. too, have clear ideas as to
the desirability Of . nonpartitioned
Germany after the war, on which sub
lect we apparently have no views. And
Russia Is proceeding to make her n
decisions and, by acting In Poland.
Finland. CzechoslovalEia and elsewhere,
Is already molding the future Of Eu-
rope, while we are passive and indie.
cistve. 1t Is true, too that when Under
secretary Of State Stettinius goes to
London for conference he viii find
our Allies with very clear conceptions
OF what they want about matters con-
corning which we are wholly vague.
1t isn't an admirable position for us,
but what can be done about It? In
the flrst place, 1t is clear we can have
or, at any rate, will have-no strong
foreign policy until after the election.
In the second place, even If there were
no election, we would not be In position
to enforce our views II they clash either
with those Of Russia or the Hritish.
The four freedoms are lovely to talk
about, but the notion that we can
induce our Allies, after the fighting
Is over, to accept them literally is
academic and impractical. It would
be flne II we could, but we can't.
Evening star., 1944-03-10

are, at last reports,
breaking into the
town of Starokon-
Stantinov, Is miles
away. On the west
they h We taken
c h er n i-Ostrov, on
the main line, and
are pushing ahead,
b e in 6 only S e We n
miles from Prosku-
row. BY the time
these words are in
print they may be
closer; this column
is being written in
Houston, Tex, and
Evening star., 1944-03-10
Showdown on FEPC

A ShoWdoWn IN Congress on the
Presidents Committee on Fair En-
ployment Practices has been brew
ing for some time and Senator Rus
sells amendment to the Independ-
ent Onces Appropriation Bill, re-
ported yesterday, makes 1t more i'm
minent. That amendment would re-
quire agencies set up by executive
order, and subsisting on ALLEGATIONS
from the Presidents emergency
fund. to obtain congressional appro-
priations by next July-or 60 out Of
business a year from the date Of
creation.
Senator Russell estimates there
are l8 agencies in this category. His
amendment Is an extension Of the
prohibition ordered by Congress last
year. denying money from any fund
to any agency which had been re-
fused appropriations by the Seven
ty-eighth Congress. But 1t was the
FEPC which brought the subject up
in the hearings and 1t undoubtedly
is the FEPC which motivated the
amendment. although the broad
principle raised by the amendment
is important enough to receive
examination.
There is no doubt that the FEPC,
occupying . position as important
as 1t has assumed. should exist by
statute or not at all. But the
methods which have given it so
much publicity, rather than its
worthy purposes. have created an
antagonism which places in jeop-
ardy its ability to win such recogni-
ton. That Is unfortunate. For there
should be such Federal agency.
created by act OF Congress and
charged with the mission Of working
toward the removal Of race pref
udice, especially those prejudices
which bar the Negro from economic
opportunity and advancement.
Budget Director Smith, in his.
testimony. told the Senate Appro-
priations Committee that the FEPC
"has been shifted around some-
what" It was established within
the old once Of Production Man-I
agement, superseded by the War
Production Board. by an executive
order OF June. 1941. About a year
later, by a presidential letter. it was
transferred to the War Manpower
Commission and then abolished by
an executive order Of May. last year,
which created new FEPC within
the ONCE for Emergency Manage
ment. One Of its directives led to
the creation of an offshoot, the
Committee to Investigate Racial
Determinations in Certain Fields Of
Railroad Employment, also en-
braced within the Office for Emerg-
ency Management. The President
has done everything within his
power to keep 1t functioning on an
even keel in a field which calls for
more tact than force.
It should be given status under
law, with its powers and purposes
clearly defined. It's usefulness has
been impaired by the questionable
validity Of at least some Of its pro-
nunciamentos and 1t is not surpris-
Ing that it has invited the formal
examination by Congress which it
hitherto has escaped.
Evening star., 1944-03-10

criticize. However,
on the one hand,
this dissent Is never
serious enough for a
permanent departure
and, on the other
hand, Mr.. Roosevelt
always swings back
to their point OF
view. When he devi-
ates from the New
Deal party line 1t Is
because q crisis has
arisen and expedi-
ency compels him to
20 in the other d.
rection to avoid
tro,1h1e
Evening star., 1944-03-10

ing the Eastern
boundaries. and ap-
par e n tly M r.
Churchill intends to
suppo or t him.
Churchill also has
summoned leaders
Of the Yugoslav
cabinet from Cairo
in a final effort to
settle disputes be-
tween Tito and
Gen. Mikhailoyich.
But ere is
another issue as
urgent as these two
which apparently Is
Evening star., 1944-03-10

SAN SNA 4ASA Ss
The conciliatory
reply sent by Fin
land to the Soviet
peace proposals is
said to have been
drafted after an ex-
change of views be-
t W e en- Stockholm
and Helsinki.
More than any
country in Europe,
Sweden is keenly In
terested in these two,
things-that the war
between Finland and
Russia is ended soon.
Evening star., 1944-03-10

Social note: Mr.. and Mrs. John
smith announce the safe delivery
OF two-thousand-pound ton Of coal
yesterday. Both are recovering
from the shock as rapidly as may be
expected, and will be at home in
definitely to receive congratulations.
Evening star., 1944-03-10
On the Record

London Is preparing to settle the
Yugoslav and Polish issues and the
matter appears urgent. Stain has re-
jected Polish contemporaries regard
Evening star., 1944-03-10

1t Is said that the Japs, fearing
invasion, have doubled the power Of
home police. 1t would help a lot
more If they could find some way to
double the power OF their fleet,
Evening star., 1944-03-10
PrOskurOv Threat

The Russians are reported closing in
rapidly on the vital rail junction of
Proskurov. On the north, coming down
the branch line from Shepetovka. they
Evening star., 1944-03-10
This Changing World

The Swedish government is acting
as the mentor Of the Helsinki govern
ment in the Finnish Russian peace
negotiations, according to reports re-
Evening star., 1944-03-10
The Great Game Of Politics

NOT often b1t occasionally It is the
ant-New Dealers who stand by the
President on certain policies and the
self styled liberals" who dissent md
Evening star., 1944-03-10

All but the lunatic frinGe are con-
scientious objectors-to peace now.
Evening star., 1944-03-10

At the moment. two such deviations
are causing considerable pain among
the faithful, including some OF the
more vociferous of the labor lobbyists
and some of the more advanced think
ers among his New York radical sup
porters One of these is the appoint
ment of Will Clayton as surplus products
administrator under the Baruch-Han-
cock plan. The other Is the foreign
policy adopted in Africa, italy and
Spain, along with the lack Of policy
concerning postwar European problems.
AS to Mr.. Clayton, the complaint Is that
he is rich man, that he is not New
Dealer, that he is not for the fourth
term.
No consideration is given the fact
that competent observers assert that
he is the best equipped man for this
particular and highly important job in
the whole United States, that he Is
q man of the highest probity whose
Evening star., 1944-03-10

In my case the revolt is in fl
Evening star., 1944-12-19
Mcfarland Arraignment
Docketed Tomorrow

Marine Pfc. Earl Mcfarland
whose trial on charges of murder
in connection with the death of
Dorothy M. Berrum has been set
for January in District Court, is
scheduled to be arraigned tomor-
row on a second murder indictment
which accuses him of killing Mrs
Margaret Fitzwater, SO, whose body
was found in a lagoon near the
Pentagon.
Mcfarland was indicted Decem-
ber II in the FitzWater Staying. in
which he is accused of killing her
just II days before Miss Berrum
was slain.
A lengthy investigation finally led
to the indictment of Mcfarland in
the Fitzwater case. The grand iury
which returned the latter indict-
ment absolved Gardner Pop
Holmes, 66 year old restaurant
worker, who had been held in Gus
tody after the 63-year-old womans
Staying Mcfarland is to be ar
raigned on the Fitzwater murder
charge before Justice James M
Proctor. 1t was said.