davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1944-01-05
Negro Housing Plight
Here 10 Grow Worse,
Women Shoppers Told

Fear that Negroes in the District,
already living under overcrowded
and sometimes insanitary conditions
because of the critical shortage OF
Negro housing here, may face even
greater housing problems in the
future was expressed yesterday by
Mrs. Pauline Redmond Coggs, execu-
tive secretary of the Washington
Urban League.
Speaking at luncheon meeting OF
the Washington League of Women
Shoppers, held in the YWCA, Mrs
Coggs emphasized that there is a
scarcity Of vacant land here avail
able for Negro housing, and that
many areas once established as
Negro neighborhoods are being
transformed to white occupancy
AS examples, of vanishing Negro
neighborhoods," she cited Fort Reno
and Vinegar HILL" where only a
few colored families remain; George
town. where white families live in
many houses once occupied by
Negroes, and the Garfield section of
Southeast Washington, which is "in
the process of transformation"
Critical Problem.
This trend presents a critical prob
lem for the Negro, Mrs Coggs said,
because when the house in which he
lived is remodeled for rental to
whites or condemned for construc-
ton of public building, there are
few, If any, places in the District to
which he can move. There are no
vacancies in existing Negro hous-
ing, and the policy of builders is to
erect housing for Negroes only in
establishing Negro neighborhoods,
she pointed out.
Mrs. Coggs expressed fear that
plans for the postwar redevelop-
ment of Washington will call for the
condemnation of much housing now
occupied by Negroes to make way for
new public buildings, without ade-
quate provision being made for re-
settlement of the displaced families.
The result, she said, may be the
establishment Of racial minority
ghettos' in outlying areas. No leg
islative safeguards against such a
possibility are contained in any of
the urban redevelopment bills now
before Congress, she said.
Mrs. Coggs also cited the present
attack on public housing here as a
problem of great concern to persons
interested in better housing for
Negroes. She expressed hope that
private builders would be active
after the war in erecting accommo-
dations for colored families in the
upper income levels. But a public
housing program is needed, she said,
to provide housing for the low
income groups, for which private
enterprise cannot build profitably.
Ihlder Leads Discussion.
Discussion following Mrs Coggs'
talk was led by John Ihlder, execu-
tive officer of the National Capital
Housing Authority, the agency most
active in the public housing field
here. Mr.. Ihlder said the NCHA,
in proposing an extensive program
of permanent low-cost housing to
Evening star., 1944-01-05

replace slums. wpnts TO build n
much Of the necessary housing a.
private builders are unwilling or un-
able to construct.
Mr.. Ihlder also called attention to
the critical shortage Of housing for
Negroes here. reporting that the
NCHA has received more than 1900
applications for war housing from
working Negro families. The
authority has been authorized to
construct only 750 units. which will
fall far short of filing the demand
he pointed out.
Mrs. Louise Miller, president OF
the Washington League of Women
Shoppers, presided at the meeting
while Mrs. Anita Sufrin, chairman
of the leagues Housing Commit
tee, introduced the program. The
league has announced that 1t favors
q public low-cost housing program
to replace slums, with adequate
housing for all regardless of race
creed or color"
Evening star., 1944-01-05
Prince Georges Grained
Nursery School Funds

Gardner G. Shugart. Prince
Georges County superintendent Of
schools, announced today that the
Federal Works Agency has appro-
Ipriated $75,003 from Lanham Act
funds to finance the operation of 10
nursery schools in the county until
November 30.
Three of the 10 centers, designed
to care for preschool age children
of working mothers, have already
been established in Takoma Park,
Suitland and Calvert Hills, Mr..
Shugart said. The remaining seven
will be set up as soon as personnel
and space are available.
Evening star., 1944-01-05
ToIon Will Address
California Voters

representative Tolan, Democrat OF
CahIornia will speak at the f1rst
meeting OF the California Voters
League OF the District at 8 O'Clock
t0nlgnt IN room 1926 OF the New
House Once Building.
The league has been organized to
DISCUSS Caifornia's problems As well
as congressional bills,
Evening star., 1944-01-05
Pension Thief Sentenced

For stealing the savings Of old
age pensioners, some of whom were
blind, 20-year-old Mrs. Beatrice B.
Hughes was sentenced at Ealing,
England, to IL months hard labor.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1944-01-29
Senator Asks
Soviet Stand
Against laps

Washington, Jan. 2s-INS-Sen.
Robert r. Reynolds CD N. :.
chairman Of the Senate Military Al
fairs Committee, proposed today
that the United States ask Russia
whether "she is for us or against
US" in the war with Japan.
With Germany in retreat and
with the story Of murder Of Amer
lean prisoners arousing the Amer
lean pccyle ~.eynolds cared fo1ssn
intense prosecution OF the war
against Japan.
I'VE cannot continue the war
against Japan by taking q little
bit OF land here and a little bit
there" he declared. We've got to
concentrate on this war and go on
into the japanese mainland islands
as soon as possible-and | hope It
will be within the next three
months"
Retaliation must be visited upon
Japan for the wanton murder OF
prisoners, he said.
~
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1944-01-29

New York, Jan. BINS The
gigantic hull of the U. s. 8. Mis-
souri,. mightiest battleship ever
built. splashes into the waters of
the East River today, nine months
ahead Of schedule.
Miss Mary Margaret Truman,
daughter OF Senator Harry S. Tru-
man of Independence, Mo-, christ
ems the 45,000-ton man-o'-war with
bottle OF champagne pressed from
Missouri grapes, the SS0-ft. battle
wagon slides down the ways and
the fourth Of six ships of her class
reaches salt water.
Details OF the Missouri's speed,
armament and construction have
not been officially Released by the
Davy Department except for the
fact that she will have main bat
terry Of 16-inch guns. According to
James Fighting Ships, standard
reference on world navies, the Mis-
souri, class ships are expected to
make top speed OF IS knots, carry
complement Of 1900 men and
mount four aircraft each.
For several days force OF skill
ed shipwrights have been engaged
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1944-01-29
speed Victory, nuy MORE Hor
Will
Visit USO

,Ypailapti -. residents will a haze
their first opportunity to inspect
the new UsO headquarters Sunday
afternoon, when an Open House
from l to 6 p. m is planned to mark
the formal opening Of the building.
The USO, which is typical Of the
many UsO buildings which provide
a second home" for servicemen
throughout the country, has been
renovated and redecorated, and
now has accommodation for dane.
ing, a kitchenette and snack bar,
a quiet room, writing room, Of
flee space, and lounge.
A short dedicatory program is
planned for 8 o'clock, during which
talks will be made by Col. Paul At
kins, commanding officer at the
Willow Run Air Base, Capt. Charles
F. Wetherbee, commanding officer
OF Company H, at the Normal Col
lege, Mayor Ross X. Bower. Worden
Geer, chairman OF the USO advis.
DRY committee, and James Malo-
ney, USO director here. Refresh
ments will be served under the d.
rection OF Mrs. David Robb, and
background music will be provided
by Ypsilanti High School must.
clans.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1944-01-29
President Roosevelt to be
Sixty Two Years Old Sunday

war, Mr.. Roosevelt today Is hale,
in excellent health. and almost I'M
varying good humor.
The Presidents recent attack OF
Influenza, from which he has rap
Idly regained strength. Is virtually
the only illness he has suffered.
aside from occasional colds, In
years.
Rear Admiral Ross T. Mcintyre.
the Presidents personal physician.
recently pronounced Mr.. Roosevelt
in the finest general health OF any
man OF his years he had known.
The Presidents attack OF influ-
enza the latter part OF December
was attributed to reaction from the
25,000-mlle journey, much OF 1t by
air, which in five weeks took the
executive to Cairo and Teheran.
over the battleflelds OF North Az
RIGA and Sicily. and through three
OF the wars most crucial interna-
tional conferences.
Mr.. Roosevelt came back from
those conferences on Dec. II to
make an historic report to the ma
ton on Christmas eve. TO prepare
his state OF the union message
to Congress, and to wrestle with
the threatened railroad and steel
strikes before finally going to bed
with the flu In an epidemic that
was sweeping the country.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1944-01-29

Smporia. Kan, Jan. BINS -
william Allen White, famous editor
OF the Emporia Gazette. died at his
home here early today.
The world beat path to the clut.
tered desk Of William Allen White.
He advised Presidents and Gov.
ernors. conferred with statesmen,
talked with the great and the near
great OF the political world.
In his writings he alternately
counselled. warned. scolded. amused
and praised the country in general;
Kansas and the Republican party
In particular.
In his later years he was an ell
de- statesman OF the Republican
party. only once in his long career
did he swerve from his party loyal
ty-in 1912, as q Bull Moose. he sup.
ported his good friend, Theodore
Roosevelt, for President.
Roosevelt bit me and ! went
mad" he explained years after
wards.
He possessed the gift OF writing
exactly what he wished to say In
clear, concise and sometimes home
Iy language. He could write With
wit and Puckish humor, with pro-
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1944-01-29
Farms Need
Machinery
Nv MORE Bonds

Washington, Jan. 29-INS-Farm-
state congressman expressed f.
today that farm machinery produc-
ton this year will fall 30 per cent
short of actual requirements de-
spite government assurance the
equipment will be available In rec.
ord amounts.
Chairman Lemke (R) N. D., OF the
congressional farm machinery
bloc said there is mo doubt the
War Food Administration Is doing
all II can to get US the machinery
but we could use Is to 30 per cent
more than II appears we will get"
David Meeker. chief Of the War
Food Administration's farm machin.
cry branch, told the committee that
barring unforeseen difficulties. the
overall amount OF farm machinery
available this year will equal the
1910 supply.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1944-01-29
Boy Accused
Of Staying

Grand Rapids. Mich. Jan. %
UP-Kent County deputies today
were ordered TO take 17-year-old
David Filgas into custody for ar
raignment Monday on a warrant
charging him with the murder Of
his schoolmate, 17.year-old Patricia
Winters.
The murder warrant was Issued
at the request OF Prosecutor Menso
R. Bolt who refused TO state def
nitely the basis for the charge.
A coroner's jury determined Wed
nesday that the Greenville High
School girl died Dec. II in Filgas
automobile as a result OF burns
Sustained when the automobile
burned, the origin OF the fire not
determined.
The jury found the youth was
negligent and delinquent at the
time OF the fire" Witnesses testi-
fled that an inflammable fluid had
been responsible for the intensity
OF the fire which had melted the
windowpanes in the car doors.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1944-01-29
Bomber
Plant Silent

The hum OF production at the
Ford Bomber Plant stopped abrupt
ly Friday evening. as plant ell
ployes embarked uopn their second
two-day vacation in less than two
months. A Sunday.like stiffness per-
vaded the plant today, with ma
chimes standing idle and silent, as
the giant B-24 bombers came to a
halt in their steady march down
the assembly line. The sudden ces.
sation OF activity was brought
about with the closing OF the plant
for today only, an act which. &C.
cording to Ford officials. was for
the purpose OF giving employees an
opportunity to attend to personal
matters in an attempt TO curb alb
senteeism at the plant.
Such matters as purchasing OF
license plates, having doctor or den
Ia appointments. shopping. and the
many other odd tasks which war
workers are unable 10 do when II
Is necessary to keep on the Job
every weekday, were expected to
be paramount In the plant en-
ployes' plans for their free day.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1944-01-29
Bataan Clan
Seeks Action

Chicago, Jan. 29-INS-Relatives
and friends OF the missing and dead
American soldiers OF Bataan laid
plans today for a personal appeal
to Washington authorities TO give
more attention to the war with ia
pan.
Plans for the personal appeals
were announced by Albert Nc
Arthur. president OF the American
Bataan Clan.
Stunned by disclosures OF Japa-
nese atrocities, Macarthur said the
mothers. wives. sweethearts and
other relatives OF Bataan and Cor
regfdor heroes would make the trip
Ito wake up the Administration.
Now Is the time to keep alive
our appeals for more men and fight
ing equipment for General Mac
Arthur to make the return TO Ba-
taan that he's been asking for" he
said.
I'VE tried unsuccessfully for
many months to get action-help
for our boys whose fate is I'M
known. Now we must make our
protests good and strong"
The American Bataan Clan Is
made up OF families In suburban
haywood and Melrose Park whose
loved ones we're fighting with the
American forces on Bataan and
Corregidor when the Philippines
fell TO the Japs.
Macarthur continued:
They are now planning 10 send
three million more Americans
across the Atlantic. Why can't
some OF these men and materials
be sent TO the Pacifc7
THE sooner we concentrate our
power in the South Pacific, the
quicker we will rescue these boys
and spare other Americans the
barbaric treatment which the zeal
Gus Japs are handing out"
A meeting OF the Clan will be
held Sunday when plans for the
trip to Washington will be dis
cussed.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1944-01-29
GroupNeariing
Agreement on
Tax Bill

Washington, Jan. 29-INS -
House and Senate conferees ex-
pected to complete their action to-
day on the two billion, 316 million
dollar tax bill by disposing OF con-
troversial changes in the war con-
tract renegotiation act.
The anticipated closing session
Of the conferees was reached at
ter Honse Ways and Means Com
mittee members agreed to accept
the Senate freeze Of social secur-
ity taxes through is44'at the pres
emit rate of one per cent. This &C.
ton forestalled an automatic in
crease In both employer and EN-.
ployee contributions to two per
cent.
House members believed they
would be upheld on the disputed
renegotiation proposals involving
court review of settlements, exemp-
ton of subcontractors not produc-
ing lend products and allowances
for reconversion.
sition and should prevail" said
Rep. Knutson (R) Mimi, one OF
the conferees.
House conferees were insisting
that the court review be taken
through the tax court OF the United
States, the Senate proposing the
court OF claims.
Latest excise tax changes report
ed by the conferees placed the rate
on toilet preparations at 20 per
cent, electric light bulbs and tubes
at 20 per cent and exempted watch
es of less than SOS and alarm clocks
of less than IS retail price from
the 20 per cent jewelry tax.
Prior to yesterdays action, the
yield in new revenue from the tax
bill was estimated at two billion,
276 million dollars. Boosted to two
billion, 317 millions, the measure
still is a scant one-fifth Of the
amount asked by the Treasury and
President Roosevelt.
The excise tax increases are ex-
pected to become effective March
assuming the bill is signed by
President Roosevelt.
Members attending the confer
ence said no threat OF a presiden-
tial veto was voiced from any quar-
ter.
New levies n the bill as 1t now
stands include: Lipstick and other
cosmetics, rs per cent; furs and
fur-trimmed garments, 20 per cent;
cabaret and roof garden tax. 80 per
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1944-01-29
Crisis Isl Likely
in Argentina

Buenos Aires, Jan. BINS -
Official acceptance OF Gen. Arturo
Rawson's resignation as ambassa-
dor to Brazil was expected today
to precipitate a possible Argentine
government crisis.
Observers anticipated that all
cabinet members except Foreign
Minister Alberto Gilbert and Vice
President and War Secretary Edel.
miro Farrell would resign, thus
leaving President Pedro Ramirez
free to appoint body OF pro-Allied
tendencies.
No explanation was given for the
resignation of Rawson, co-leader
with Ramirez OF last June's revolu.
ton and first head Of the revolu-
tionary government. However.
Rawson was known to have sent a
message to the Argentine presi-
dent as chief OF the revolution,
congratulating Ramirez on Argen-
tina's patriotic" action in sever
ing relations with the Axis.
The Rawson message pointed
out that the severance was one Of
the 'postulates" OF the revolution.
But Ramirez's secretary replied
that there was no chief Of the June
revolution and that the break in
relations with the Axis came about
as a result of later developments
At Rio de Janeiro, where Rawson
was said to be preparing to return
to Argentina next week, the mes
sage OF resignation was understood
to emphasize that the revolution
was tied up with desire to break
relations with the Axis.
Cn.aA vtntorv uuv MORN pouAs
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1944-01-29
Berlin Suffers Satnration Raid
United States Swept by Indignation

Washington, Jan. 29-INS - A
mounting wave OF furious indigna-
ton swept the nation today as re-
suit OF official revelation OF the
Japanese torture, starvation and
murder Of thousands OF American
war prisoners in the Philippines.
Chairman Andrew May (D) KY.
OF the House Military Affairs Com
mittee proposed that President
Roosevelt proclaim a Remember
War Prisoners Day" to give Amer
ica's answer TO Japan for the bar
barrie treatment accorded the Amer
lean and Filipino soldiers captured
on Bataan and Corregidor.
81 strongly favor having the
President set aside a day on which
the American people can show
their indignation for the fiendish
treatment OF our war prisoners by
the Japanese" May said.
Il would suggest that on this
remember War Prisoners" Day
attention be devoted to the import
ance of intensifying our war effort
in order to assure the complete and
utter destruction Of japanese mill
tarism.
Management, labor and the
farmers might cooperate in working
two extra hours that day as their
special answer to Japan for the
mistreatment Of our boys. The gen.
eral public might be asked to dedi-
cate a special contribution to the
4th War Loan as Americas warn
ing to Japan that the day OF retri-
button is surely coming"
Throughout Congress there was
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1944-01-29
More Atrocities Described

Los Angeles, Jan. 29-INS-
New and shocking details OF
Japan"s unbridled reign OF bru-
tally in the Philippines were
recounted today by another
survivor OF Bataan's hellish
March OF Death"
The grim story was unfolded
by Capt. Samuel c. Grashio,
Spokane, Wash. Army flier
who was reduced from $50
pounds to living skeleton
OF 80 under Japan's program
Of calculated torture. yet sur
vived the ordeal, escaped and
finally made his way back to
Allied territory, year after
the fall OF Bataan.
An American soldier deliber-
ately run over and crushed to
death by a Japanese tank
An American boy OF 10. ly-
ing nude in filth as flies
swarmed about his open sores,
pleading pitifIlly that he be
carried away to die 80 the
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1944-01-29

official statement. the War and
Navy Departments said more than
$500 American soldiers and thou
sands OF Filipinos we're wantonly
murdered, tortured and starved TO
death.
Convinced that further diplomat
ic protests to the japanese govern
ment through the Swiss would be
futile. the State Department con-
centrated its attention on compil-
ing all available evidence on Jap
anese war crimes and criminals so
that swift punishment can be melted
out when victory has been achieved
over Japan.
There were strong indications
tt one OF the main points of the
Armistice terms which eventually
are imposed on Japan will be a de-
mand that all military war Grimm
ais be handed over to the Allies for
trial and punishment.
Not To Be Trusted
The revelation OF japanese mis-
treatment OF war prisoners also
strengthened the belief that Japan
must be completely and permanent
ly disarmed after this war. The
view prevails in official circles that
Japan is a half-savage urchin in
the family OF nations. too immature
in the ways OF civilization to be
trusted with the modern weapons OF
warfare.
Meanwhile. diplomatic represent.
atives OF the conquered countries
OF Europe Joined in expressing
their sympathy with the American
people over the disclosures OF jap
4 anese brutality.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1944-01-29
speed Victory. my MORE bonds
Production Slowed at
Highland Park Factory

Detroit, Jan. 29-INS-War pro-
duction at the Highland Park plant
of the Ford Motor Company was
slowed early today when 1900
walked off their jobs in protest
over the attempted disciplining OF
a shop committeeman.
Ford officials said the union man,
a member OF the UAW-CIO. was
found smoking in a restricted area.
The crowd gathered around the la
Dor relations office where he was
taken for the attempted disciplin-
ing. No penalty was given him.
they said. and neither the union nor
the company has settled the griev-
ance.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1944-01-29

others won't see me like this
American officers, forced TO
stand at attention while Jap
anese enlisted men beat them
numerically, and then forced
to bow to their tormentors
when the beating was over
An American soldier bayon-
eted to death for the "offense"
OF having fallen exhausted in
the road.
These are among the unspeak-
ably barbaric Incidents seen by
Capt. Grashio with his own eyes
during his seyen-day march,
without food and with very lit
tie water, from fallen Bataan
to the prison camp at San Fer
pando, 40 miles away.
These are among the tragic
incidents he experienced later
at Camp O'Donnell, where
"they buried 100 American
and $4,000 Filiplnos in the two
months | was there"
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1944-01-29

Washington, Jan. 29-INS-
Franklin Delano Roosevelt, thirty.
second President ost the United
States. will be sixty-two years old
tomorrow.
Five weeks hence the Chief Ex-
ecutive begins his twelfth year In
the White House.
Despite eleven years OF arduous
unrelenting work that has taken the
Chief Executive through the ma
tons worst economic depression. a
series OF mounting international
crises. and then two years OF global
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1944-01-29

HOLLYWOOD-INS- Soldiers
and sailors in Alaska feel that they
are the forgotten men-they'ye
been up there for two and three
years" That was the impression
brought back to Hollywood by
blonde Ingrid Bergman, Swedish
screen star, after more than a
months entertainment tour Of
ALASKAN outposts. Some Of the
boys hadn't seen q woman in
years" Miss Bergman said. They
were afraid to speak to us. They
were 90 shy they Just stared"
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1944-01-29
spesd Victory, Buy MORE Bonds
Third of Wav
Toward Goal

Ypsilanti was over a third OF the
way toward its goal OF 1896 900 in
the fourth war bond drive today
according to figures submitted to
the county bond headquarters.
The daily sales record submitted
today was s24,356 in E bonds and
$4,000 in other bonds with total
sales to date s377.490 Of which
s202,7s0.25 was in z bonds and
sl74.711 in other bonds.
Daily report OF the county E.
bonds is s56,237.50 and other,
s42.s10 making a total Of sss.047.5O.
The grand total for the county thus
far Is $1.615.50.