davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1944-04-05
A Mutual Problem

1t is not surprising that the Off
cials of the District Health Depart
ment and the doctors at Gallinger
show some resentment over failure
to provide adequate facilities to
care for contagious disease cases in
the new hospitals built by the Fed
eral Works Agency in adjoining
counties. One purpose of the hos
pital construction program was to
relieve conditions in the District.
Yet these cases continue to be
brought to Gallinger, overcrowded
and understaffed.
Some definite understanding
should be reached between the
District and county health author
tiles. Gallinger, and every other
local hospital, will continue to care
for emergency cases, sent here for
lack of facilities in the counties.
But at Gallinger the problem is two
fold. In addition to the fact that
1t is overcrowded by cases originating
in the District, for which the hos
pital is maintained, many of the
cases brought to Gallinger from the
counties are treated at local expense.
Gallinger authorities have made
futile efforts to collect from county
authorities, who in the past have
ignored bills sent by the District
auditors.
AS long as facilities in the counties
were unavailable, it was necessary
to use Gallinger Hospital for many
cases originating in the counties.
The construction of new hospitals,
with Federal funds, in the counties
changes the situation entirely and
1t should not be difficult to make
an arrangement with the county
authorities under which there will
be a greater disposition to share
some of the burdens resulting from
the rapid population growth of the
Metropolitan Area.
Evening star., 1944-04-05
DaDid Laurence

q The tactics behind the draft" are
also political. 1t is assumed that q can
oidate who makes no effort to get dele
gates and doesn't apparently seek the
nomination Is chosen by the "sponta.
neous" action Of the party. This, of
course, doesn't persuade those who fol-
low political maneuvers. For the fiRht
that has been waged in Wisconsin by
Dewey supporters against Mr.. Willkie
Is not spontaneous in the sense which
the public is asked to accept. The
Dewey campaign is organized lust like
the Willkie campaign, but its detectives
are somewhat different-the play is for
uninstructed delegates wherever it is not
possible to get avowed Dewey delegates,
Il
1t is regrettable that in a year so crit
lcal In American history the presidential
nomination is to be obtained by means
OF political strategy rather than an open
appeal to the electorate on the basis of
the candidates expressed views Mr..
Dewey made mistake in attempting
TO 1oreclose campaign for the nomina-
ton. 1t is not too late for him to say
now that, OF course, the presidency of
the United States is more important
than the governorship of New York and
that, while he does not intend TO take
time out to travel around in the various
States, he does not hesitate to express
his views on issues Of the day, both
national and international.
If Gov. Dewey should be the nominee,
he will start with the handicap Of a
charge that, while he didn't say he was
a candidate, he did nothing to stop the
preconvention campaign in his behalf
in various States where his consent was
not specifically requisite to action by
State primary or convention.
(Eeproduction Rights ReservedN
Evening star., 1944-04-05
Constantine Br01Vn

In the international field Is less good
than it was year ago. Russia is fol-
lowing strictly nationalistic policy,
using both Communism and nationalism
as her diplomatic tools She has gained
resounding victories against the Naz
armies. enhancing her prestige through
out Europe and Asia at the expense of
her other Allies, and particularly the
British Empire.
The Italian campaign, which has been
called a brainchild of the British Prime
Minister, has been failure. Last De-
cember, on his return from Teheran,
Mr.. Churchill was discussing the chances
of an early occupation of Rome with a
high-ranking American officer at Cairo.
The American ventured to suggest that
the Allied objective still was far away
and implied that we might suffer serious
Setbacks. Mr. Churchill, according to
the story, said that we either get to
Rome before the western invasion starts
or he would not remain at the head of
his majestys government
We still may get to Rome this spring.
Nevertheless, there is no doubt that the
western Allies have lost lot of face in
Europe, while the Russian victories in
the east have greatly increased the
prestige of Premier Stain and the
U. S. S. r.
While this Is not a vital matter for
the United States, Britain Is bound to
suffer the consequences both In Europe
and in Asia. The imperial conference
will give much thought to the new
situation
Evening star., 1944-04-05
Argentine Sim Fem

Many years ago the militant Irish
nationalist movement took as it's
motto Sim Fein, a phrase which
means ourselves Alone" That
attitude of uncompromising isola-
tionism is not restricted to Fire.
1t is the motivating spirit behind
the equally militant nationalists
who now rule Argentina.
The Argentine nationalist psy-
chology was strikingly exemplified
in a recent conference with local
newspapermen given by Luis C.
Perlinger, Minister of the Interior
in the cabinet presided over by
General Farrell. Senor Perlinger
regards the World War with a jaun-
diced and cynical eye. According
to him, this greatest of all conflicts
Is being fought, not for freedom, but
for imperialistic aims, and whoever
wins will attempt to rule the world
and, of course, try to dominate Ar
gentina. Indeed, he envisions World
War III, perhaps with no notice
able hiatus between it and Number
Two, because he claims that all the
present belligerents will soon unite
to fight the Soviet Union, since the
middle classes in the United States
and Great Britain are so alarmed
at the Soviet's military triumphs
that they are becoming almost more
anti-Russian than they are anti
German. This alarmist forecast
was coupled with a slap at the
United States in general and AM
baSsador Norman Armour in par
ticular,. our diplomatic representa-
tive at Buenos Aires being described
as belonging to "a country that re-
fuses to maintain relations with us,
who are the masters of our home.
That Is not possible, and I myself
am the first to look with an angry
face at that gentleman, and all Ar
gentines should do the same thing"
It would be a mistake to interpret
this outburst as being inspired by
mere preference for our enemies.
Rather is it the expression of
narrow and chauvinistic nationalism
which for many years has char
acterized not only the professional
soldiers who now rule Argentina but
also the wealthy and influential
upper classes. including prominent
intellectuals. This nationalist phi
losophy, evolved long before the
present war, stresses the need for
a strong government, authoritarian
in character, so as to mobilize and
direct the national energies for the
eventual leadership of South Amer
lea and the establishment of an eco
nomic system there that would end
its historic dependence upon foreign
trade and foreign investment cap
ital. The United States is, of course.
the traditional villain in the piece.
Argentine nationalists have always
baked at our program of Pan
Americanism and aspire ultimately
to rival us in strength, once the re-
sources OF their immense area are
developed and their population has
reached its potential capacity. The
local rival is Portuguese-speaking
Brazil. The present rulers at Buenos
Aires are thus no mere Axis stooges.
They are trying to further aims
which they have long had in mind.
Evening star., 1944-04-05
Mr.. MucL.eish's Report

1ue Library OF congress, as might
be expected, is engaged in helping
to win the war, but that is not all
that it is doing in the present era
OF global turmoil: According to the
annual report of Archibald Mac
Leish, librarian since 1899, the
greatest photographic establishment
in the world has adapted itself to
the needs of the Nation in the pre-
vailing struggle with the Axis pow-
ers without ceasing to serve its ira
ditional purpose as an instrument
of culture"
Mr.. MacLeish discusses the dual
function of 'the sole national
library of Nation of one hundred
and thirty million people" and spe-
ciflcally as an organization pledged
to efficient and systematic as
sistance of all branches of the Gov
ernment. "It is the largest public
reference service in existence" and
the librarian testifies that in the
fiscal year ended June 80, 1943,
the number Of inquiries and loan
requests increased approximately
eighteen thousand. Meanwhile, the
Library continued to be "the trus-
tee and guardian" of it's eighteen
million separate pieces" of mate
rial and, most particularly, of the
creative work which scholars and
researchers perform with its accu-
mulated books, documents, prints
and other properties.
The endeavors of living genera
tions of American builders of civili-
cation, of course, cannot be aban-
doned even in a season of crisis.
On the contrary, the arts and the
sciences which constitute the cul-
ture of the United States are vital
portions of the social heritage of
freedom and honor for which the
Nation is fighting; and they must
be guarded, protected and supported
as treasures possessed in common
by the whole population. Some
concessions inevitably have been
rendered to expediency, yet, so far
as the Library is concerned, there
has been no adventurous lowering
OF standards. Mr. MacLeiSh gives
the credit in the circumstances
"solely to the care and foresight of
Congress-"
Certain problems, however, are
developing apace. The librarian
calls for funds for the rebinding of
several hundred thousand volumes
which have been withdrawn from
use because of their dilapidated
condition. He also explains the
need for complete inventory of
the Library's holdings. Even more
acute is the personnel issue. "At
the end of the fiscal year the Library
had one thousand four hundred and
forty nine regular positions. Only
five hundred and flfty-three of these
positions were occupied at the end
of the year by the same individuals
who had occupied them at the be-
ginning" Mr.. MacLeish gives the
reason for the amazing turnover
Evening star., 1944-04-05

Are Soviet war aims limited or un-
limited? I suggest that of all the Allies,
the Soviet war aims are the most
limited. They are to drive out the Ger
man invader and establish permanently
the Russian borders of 1910.
What Soviet peace aims may be are
another matter. But it is a mistake to
confuse war aims, and peace aims-the
detectives for which war is fought,
with the principles upon which peace
can be established. War and peace
are opposites. War is conflict. Peace
is agreement. Wars are thus more
likely to be followed by lasting peace
if they are waged for limited objec-
tives. Wals waged for unlimited OBJ
jectives are bound to be immensely pro-
tracted They endure until one side
or the other is utterly exhausted, and
what usually follows is truce lasting
only until the defeated has had time
TO recover and find new allies.
r
Among wars for limited objectives we
may count the wars for independence
or for national consolidation, such as
the American Revolutionary War. It's
Evening star., 1944-04-05
Maj. George Fielding Eliot

to the Gulf of Riga. 1t is not now likely
that the Germans can make their final
stand as far forward as the Gulf of
Riga. In the end they will certainly
have to come to stand on the shortest
possible line between the Baltic and the
Carpathians
they are really intending to create
strong strategic reserves for use in
Western Europe.
1t Is altogether possible that there are
two conflicting opinions in high places
in Germany. 1t is possible that some
OF the Sounder military minds are now
pointing out to the leaders of the hold
everything" school the very heavy price
which has been paid in Southern Russia
for lack of willingness to give up terri
tory in order to save armies.
The Russians record German losses
for the period March 4-3l as being
$4,000 dead and $4,000 prisoners on
the western part of the southern front
alone. This does not include the further
losses which will be revealed when the
pockets of resistance at Tarnopol and
in the vicinity of Kamenetz-P Podolsk
have been liquidated. Nor does it in
clude the price that must yet be paid
for German hesitation in the South
western Ukraine.
II
1t may very we'll be that military
gentlemen in Berlin are now asking
questions like these: Are we going to
stay east of the Pripet until Zhukov
comes up to Brest-Litovsk and cuts us
off? Are we going to try to hang on
to the Baltic States until the Russians
drive down the valley of the Dvina and
encircle another half million German
troops? Are we going to keep Is of our
best offensive divisions in Italy, in
secondary and eccentric theater of op-
erations, while the bulk of the Wehr-
macht is being destroyed on the east
ern front?
In fact, are we going to continue to
pursue the ruinous policy of allowing
our reserves and our energy to be alb
Evening star., 1944-04-05

tlcularly those who are determined that
Wendell Willkie shall not be the NOM
nee. Dewey has stated his views on
national or international questions only
abstractly, and to do otherwise would
presumably make him appear an active
candidate. So without knowing lust
what Gov. Dewey's attitude would be.
many anti-Willkie elements are rushing
to the Dewey banner in the hope of
using the Dewey boom to head off Mr..
Willkie.
This is understandable politics and is
part OF the game in preconvention
days. Some of the ultraconservative
elements which are SO ready to accept
Gov. Dewey rather than Mr.. Willkie
may be surprised when they hear Gov.
Dewey's speeches in the event that he
IS nominee and even more surprised
II he should be elected. For he is by
no means reactionary, nor does he
believe that everything the New Deal
has done since 1888 is wrong-though
this seems to be the doctrine of a good
many Republicans. The views concern
ing the probable kind of a President
Gov. Dewey would make in the event
Of his election come from persons who
have studied his record in New York
State.
But those who are interested in killing
off the Willkie boom aren't apparently
interested in anything at the moment
except to develop sentiment behind any
candidate who can defeat Mr. Willkie
at the convention. Gov. Dewey doubt
less is getting some support that is un-
welcome to him now and would be a
handicap to him in the campaign. But
his strategy today is to say nothing on
future campaign issues and await the
draft" at the national convention.
Evening star., 1944-04-05
Forecast
| shall set the nIounJ, tn b;c

/ shall set the plough to his 1Uartired
hands,
Dropping the harness on old PETE
and BeSS:
He DW haze need to feel his 10arn bro1Dn
lands
And 1Odlk the turro1OS OF torqetfulness
There mill be days 1Uhen his pain-1Dearv
eyes
WIZ turn a'Ddy from every quiet hlino
Ana ne 10H only see the bomb fired skies
Whtch long l0ere alien to the bue
OF spring
There 1ciH be nights 1uhen he ,piH toss
and turn
But he ,UiH come at last TO his qood
ground
And underneath his steadied hands 1uiH
burn
The urge for planting. Then the pery
sound
OF seed TO earth tUiN break across his
mind
To giue him fruit, Without the bitter
rtnd. ANOBEL ARMOUR.
Evening star., 1944-04-05
Minimizing q Nightmare

IL is interesting to note the reac-
ton OF the NaZis to the frank Allied
admission of failure to break the
stalemate at Casino. According to
United States Government monitors,
they have capitalized upon this as
the basis for new line of radio
propaganda designed to make the
people of the United Nations begin
to doubt the value of our British
American aerial warfare.
The gist of this latest Goebbels
product is that our air power, though
overwhelming. fell far short of what
we had expected in the recent un-
precedented attack on Casino and
that our experience in this respect
is more or less typical of our bomber
offensive in general. The broad aims
OF our massive attacks, according to
this view, have not been achieved.
and "it would hardly be surprising if
the debate on the hopelessness of
the Italian campaign should before
long be succeeded by a debate on
the hopelessness of the Allied air
war against Europe"
In effect, the Nazis would have us
believe that the people of Germany,
while admittedly fearing the attacks
and suffering strain" from them.
have lost none of their faith in "vic-
tory" but have actually become "im-
measurably stronger" in that faith,
so that from the psychological point
of view, our bomber offensive has
been "one of the greatest miscalcu-
lations" we have made in the war to
date. Moreover, although Nazi prop
aganda in the past has suggested a
as a result of our terror raids" the
new line suggests that the number
has been small. In other words, our
air power has apparently accom-
plished little or nothing, and we
might just as we'll stop using it.
In thus celebrating upon the limi-
tations of air power as demonstrated
at Casino, the Nazis once again
show how adept they are at making
propaganda out of almost anything.
| At the same time. however, they
also show how they will grasp at
any straw in an effort to befuddle
us and make us tighten the weight
| of our attacks. The thing must be
hurting them very much when they
go to such strained lengths to assure
us that it Is hurting them not at all.
They say only that it has strength
ened the German spirit; they say
nothing whatever about what it is
doing to their war production. They
minimize it's Importance so much, in
fact, that we can be sure it is one of
their worst Nightmares, and DR..
Goebbels' best efforts cannot con-
Evening star., 1944-04-05

object was to compel Britain to re-
linquish sovereignty over what was to
become the United States It's aim was
not to destroy the British Empire. It
was followed by another war within a
generation over the issue of the free
dom of the seas, since when Britain and
America have lived in perpetual peace.
The World War established under a
slogan an unlimited objective. 1t was
TO make the world safe for democracy.
In that phrase q peace aim was con-
fused with war aim. A grandiose
project for world organization in the
League OF Nations was projected, while
the belligerents constantly expanded
their original war aims.
AT the end of the war these expand
ing claims were in such conflict even
among the Allies, that it was impossible
10 make League of Nations which
would function. Instead of DESTROYING
the obstacles to peace, innumerable new
ones had been created. The vanquished
felt the aim of world safe for de-
mocracy" had been abandoned, while
the overlapping claims of the victors
were the source of dissatisfactions and
new alliances.
X
The original Franco-British objective
in this war was to set definite limit
to German expansion.
But Hitler's war aims were illimitable
Thus he was never able to build a real
coalition, for his aims were In conflict
with those of Italy. He intended by
war to dominate the European peninsula
as a base from which to break Russia.
annex at least the Ukraine, and become
master of Eurasia and beyond 1t of
anything he could get.
This war aim was also incompatible
with his peace aim OF the new order.
Europe would not accept domination
and inequality, so even in the subjected
nations, the war passed into the phase
OF guerrilla resistance.
A year and half after this war
Evening star., 1944-04-05

Minister ChurchllI'S courSe-the results
of the London conference of Dominion
Prime Ministers, which still is shrouded
with secrecy but Is believed slated for
this month, and the results of his heart
to-heart talk with President Roosevelt,
If such meeting can be arranged.
The brilliant British Prime Minister
can repeat, If he wishes, the resound-
ing victory he won in Commons last
week when he obtained vote of con-
fidence on all matters, including the
conduct of the war. Mr.. Churchill is
said to believe that his remaining at
the helm of the British government de-
pends on matter over which Parlia-
ment has no jurisdiction: his commits
Evening star., 1944-04-05

men generally, Wnlcn OtEerWlSe would get
a deserved respect they do not always
invoke nowadays.
Mr.. Dewey has said that he would
devote all his time to the governorship
of New York. So he feels, doubtless,
that he is consistent with his pledge
when he refuses to allow his name to
be placed on ballot. But the party
workers who are interested in forward
ing his candidacy continue nevertheless
to operate in his behalf. Likewise, the
politicians everywhere talk of Gov.
Dewey as the prospective candidate of
the Republican party. 1t is regarded as
foregone conclusion by many pro-
Dewey enthusiasts that the New York
Governor will be the party nominees
x X X
Whence does this strength arise?
Certainly much of it comes from those
in the Republican ranks who are op-
posed to the other candidates, and par
Evening star., 1944-04-05
Tragic Biunder

Secretaries Hull and Stinson have
not spared themselves in their ef-
forts to make amends, so far as this
is possible, for the accidental but
nonethelesS tragic bombing by our
planes of the peaceful Swiss town
of Schatfhausen on the first of this
month.
Mr.. Hull, Joined by the Secretary
of War, has expressed his deep re-
gret" to the Swiss, and has promised
that our own Government will make
appropriate reparationS" for the
damage done to the full extent that
this is humanity possible. There is
no question, of course, of the sim
cerity of these expressions, and there
is no doubt that the Swiss govern
ment will realize that this is so.
Nevertheless, there is much that
needs to be explained about this un-
fortunate incident The German
Swiss press, as was to have been
expected, is seeking to make capital
out of the blunder, going to the ex-
tent of implying that the bombing of
Schaffhausen could have been de-
llberate. Yet even the French Swiss
press, and not without some reason,
charges that it was criminal folly"
to intrust this death-dealing mission
to immature youngsters with no ap-
probation of geography"
Certainly, it is difficult to under
stand how, in daylight, our bombers
could have mistakenly attacked a
peaceful city across the Rhine and
eleven miles from their intended
German target. Mr.. Hull says he has
been advised by the Secretary of
War, on the basis of incomplete in
vestigations, that the mistake was
due to Chain of events negating
the extensive precautions which had
been taken to prevent incidents of
this character"
This, of course, is not an explana-
tion of how the error was made, nor
does it offer any assurance that, de-
spite our extensive precautions, there
will not be another such incident. In
these circumstances, it is evident
that further investigation, with
view to corrective action, must be
and presumably is being undertaken,
Evening star., 1944-04-05

suing; the policy of holding on to every
yard of ground until driven from it by
superior force.
If any considerable Withdrawals are
to be made from the eastern front, they
must certainly be accompanied by the
giving up of a great deal Of territory IN
order to obtain a shorter and more
defensible line, or else the Russians
will overrun the whole business.
This fact is sharply emphasized by the
present Russian thrust westward toward
LwoW, that is, into the gap which now
exists between the southern and central
groups of the German armies. That gap
must be filled AS previously pointed
out, this can hardly be done until the
central army group has been pulled
back so that its right flank again con-
meets with the left flank of the southern
army group. This would have the ad-
ditional advantage to the Germans of
leaving the Pripet Marshes in front of
the central line as an obstacle
But this in turn would require a cor
responding withdrawal of the northern
group of armies. We used to speak of
withdrawal OF the German left flank
Evening star., 1944-04-05

undermine conf
dence in Americas
public men. The
belief that politics
is a game and that
public Office must be
obtained by political
maneuvering has
been one Of the
things that has
d e t erred many
worthy men from
entering public life
and also has caused
the public to be
skeptical about the
utterances of public
Evening star., 1944-04-05

in the words: "The Library is at a
permanent disadvantage in compet-
ing with other employers. 1t is un-
able to offer equal salaries for equ-!
work"
Obviously, there is much in the
librarians report for it's readers to
think about.