davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1944-12-09

Supporters Of the proposed constitu-
tional amendment argue that the au-
thority which makes war-the Congress
should have the power to make peace.
A declaration of war may be passed by a
majority vote of both houses of Con-
gress. They argue further that if the
treatyssmaking power remains as it now
stands clinues will be in a position to
sacrifice the public interest. Treaties in
reality are laws-they become the SUI
preme law of the land-and should be
made by the legislative power, Congress,
with the President approving.
The proposed constitutional amend
men'. which certainly is democratic in
spirit and would be democratic in oper-
alton, faces practical difficulties in these
closing days of the present Congress. 1t
frst must be brought before the House,
for which special rule will be necessary.
1t is assumed that 1t will be approved by
the House once 1t can reach the floor
for consideration. 1t must then be sent
to the Senate, which will turn it over to
the Judiciary Committee of that body.
since all proposed constitutional amend
ments are handled by that committee
The committee can. If it so desires, hold
hearings on the resolution, which will
take time. And finally the resolution
must run the gantlet of vote in the
committee itself
Only by tremendous pressure of public
opinion brought upon the Senate does
there seem to be the slightest chance of
getting the proposed amendment before
that body for consideration. And then
two-thirds of the Senators voting must
approve of sending the amendment to
the States for final ratification.
The supporters of the proposed amend
r.ent have by no means given up hope
that the public demand for such a con-
stitutional amendment will have effect
upon Senators. 1t is clear, however,
that If the resolution does come up in
the Senate a constitutional debate is
likely to follow that will last a long
time and cover the whole history of
treaty-making. including the debates in
the Constitutional Convention which
drafted our Constitution. The whole
issue, therefore, is likely to be forced
over into the new Congress.
Evening star., 1944-12-09
In an Antique Shop

Old paintings, china, hedDy silrer plate,
Thin gold rings, q necklace that
might adorn
A queen, some hand-carped trays, q
tiny gate. :. /.
But I stood sttH before a hunting
horn.
Then years, like leapes, blew back across
my sight
Disclosing hills. pine crested, siluef
chased,
And In a spruce, slim moons candle.
light,
So the blue and silper shadows teri
laced
IN silence Ike q tdst-heId breath, but
sofD
The horn,s sharp blast a,nakes thu
hills and high
On slope and ridge, iDisd bushes on thl
And then IN sueet cresceHdo
hounds 0fUc cry.
n emptiness the gone. the good yedrt
fan.
And There Is Just horn upon spdu
ALMA ROBSON HIGBEk
Evening star., 1944-12-09

writer. that elementary charter Of
freedom and fellowship Is q national
resource for which the whole Amer
lean community should be as grate-
ful as it is for material endowments.
Great responsibilities" are involved
in the use Of both varieties of riches.
The last words OF the bulletin article
are these:
It would be inexcusable for Amer
leans not to reflect gravely on the role
that Fate now calls on them to play.
However thankful they may be for
the blessings they have enjoyed and
however much they may long to have
them continue, they should strive
more earnestly to be fully worthy Of
those they already have received.
Evening star., 1944-12-09
This Changing World
By Consfanfiss BroCn

The public in the United States ana
Great Britain must be confused over
what Is happening, wondering whether
sQuabble is brewing between mem
bers Of the United Nations.
All this might not have happened had
the people been fully informed by their
leaders OF what actually took place
In the political field at Teheran and
what the political clauses OF the
armistice with Italy are.
At Teheran, as far as Is known from
the developments of the past Il months.
President Roosevelt put his stamp of
approval on the scheme of dividing
Europe into two great zones OF in
nuence, one the Russian and the other
British.
The troubles in Greece, which COM
PEELED the British to use their neaeer
forces against the Communist sponsored
guerrillas are likely the result OF Prime
Minister Churchills desire to keen
Greece in Britainis zone of influence in
accordance with what is said to have
oeen agreed on at Teheran.
opposition to British policy in the
house OF Commons and in the United
states undoubtedly is based in part on
lack OF understanding of the Teheran
agreements. Had the people of the
TWO nations been told frankly that
such and such a country had been
placed under the tutelage Of Britain or
Russia at the time of the meeting the
whole world would have known where
everybody stood and would have under
stood the actions of the protecting"
powers.
IL Is obvious that Secretary of STATE
Stettlnlus' strongly worded notes and
frank talking have puzzled many Ia
Great Britain and the United states
IN some quarters they have been inter
preted as "slapping down" Great
brltain; in others they have been con-
strued as a warning to both Britain and
Russia. Finally, in other quarters they
were said to be meaningless and merely
attempting to court certain of the
liberal, "anti-Fascist" and anti
British sections In the United States
The lack of thorough UNDERSTANDING
OF the scope of these notes is due to the
TACT that while Mr.. Stettinius knows
positively what is in the background of
tne various agreements the public Is
being kept in the dark
1t is now obvious that the British
leader is determined to keep for what
Mr.. Churchill calls poor old Britain"
Evening star., 1944-12-09
National Riches

n lew years ago IL was 1dSn1On-
perhaps in reaction to the sorrows
and sufferings of the longest and
most costly of American depres-
@sions-to think of the United States
as a country whose resources were
near to exhaustion. Thousands of
people undoubtedly believed that
never again would national wealth
increase at rate equal to the need
of the people. Many of the most
notably articulate observers and
commentators agreed that the fu-
ture was bleak. Some of them openly
advocated a philosophy of revolu-
tionary change based on the theory
that in no other way could the prob
lens of diminishing opportunities OF
profit and employment be solved.
But the tide of encouragement
has receded and once more it is a
habit to be cheerful. The November
bulletin of the American Association
for the Advancement of Science dis
cusses the natural capital" upon
which the prosperity of reasonably
discernible future may be built. 1t
is set forth in this connection that:
million square miles of fertile
soil lie between the Appalachian
Mountains and the Rockies in a ia
vo:able climate, with other rich agri-
cultural areas along the Atlantic and
Pacific Coasts. Within the borders of
the United States there rests still
unmined So per cent of all the known
coal deposits in the earth The re-
serves of iron ore are estimated to be
twice those of Europe, and there are
still fabulous quantities of petroleum,
natural gas and oil shales, the major
primary sources of the energy that
turns the wheels of an industrialized
world. To complete the picture cop
per, sulphur, lead, zinc, salt and other
minerals in abundance should be
added. This unique combination of
soil, climate, sources of energy and
minerals was in the making during
hundreds of millions of years.
The author of the A. A. A. s. bull
letin article also remarks that: For
tune favored" America with high
type of human and cultural re-
sources as we'll" He stresses the
fact of the theological inheritance Of
the citizens of the United States
coming from Northwestern Europe.
The settlers of the original Thirteen
Colonies, he insists, shared "the
same basic religion, the same gen.
eral Superstitions and folklore, and
the same : philosophy, science
and classic iterature"--a common
pattern OF thought out OF which the
Constitution developed to secure
the blessings Of liberty" as well as to
promote the general welfare"
In the judgment Of the A. A. A. s.
Evening star., 1944-12-09
German Manpowe~
By Maj. George Fielding Eliot

Current estimates of German man
power place the available military
strength at 100000. This figure re-
quires considerable analysis in order to
make its meaning perfectly clear.
The original basic figure for German
military manpower as of 1899 was about
5000, 900; but this does not include males
under 18 or over 48. and the Germans
are taking anything that can crawl these
days.
The permanent German losses Ckilled,
permanently disabled or captured) were
estimated as about 2,500, ,0o0. on May /.
Since that time, they have been boosted
by another 2,000, 900. Assuming that
gains from young men coming of age
are balanced by losses from increasing
physical disabilities in the older brackets,
we may carry forward our original figure
Of 100000 and subtract from it the total
permanent losses in battle of $500, ,000
This leaves us with q remainder OF only
3,500,00O.
How is the difference between this
figure and the 100000 men estimated
to be available now In Germany to be
accounted for? It is probably made up
something as follows:
Aoe, tWo CAdoOCS VI yOullS ulCIl uIlOcT
18-the 16-year-olds and the 17-year-
olds. Each Of these classes will furnish
about 600,0 men, but even allowing for
lowered standards, at least 10 per cent
must be taken of for physical disabili-
ties This gives something over 1000, 900
men from this source.
Second, the product of the total mobi-
lization OF manpower ordered this sum-
mer, and drawing upon older men and
those formerly excused because of en-
ployment, public ofi1ce or minor physical
disabilities. This has been estimated as
providing an additional 100000 men.
Third, the remnant Of the nom Ger
man element which In May probably
made up one-quarter Of the German
Army as it then stood. This number has
probably been reduced by at least two
thirds and now stands somewhere in the
neighborhood OF 100000. (The reason
for the heavy loss In this component Is
the fact that many Of these troops were
serving In Italy or France In the So
called defensive" divisions, and they
deserted In droves when the opportunity
came)
Thus we make up the total remaining
German manpowcr Of 100000. It will
be noted In the following distribution
that we make no allowance for navy or
air force. but dgure the total German
Evening star., 1944-12-09

the little he has managed to obtain for
her IN order to secure the lines OF COM
munication with India The British
Prime Minister on Friday made an ex-
ceptionally strong speech for the defense
OF democracy. He crossed his t's and
dotted his Is when he defended his
policies in Greece and italy by explain
ing that real democracy is not the rule
OF the organized few-With tommy guns
against the unorganized masses Of .
country.
The only weak point in Mr.. Churchill's
great defense Of real democracy Is the
fact that he applies these principles only
in areas in which the British interests
are vitality concerned. Had he adopted
this line OF conduct and thinking for the
world areas there Is no question that he
would have stood on much more solid
ground.
So long as the armistice terms with
Italy are kept secret, for reasons which
neither the American nor British gov
ernments has taken the trouble to ex-
plain. 1t will be difncult to Judge
Brltains action Of declaring Count
Carlos Sforza as undesirable" Accord
ing to the strickland possibly old-fasf1-
neutrality-suspicious. of an armistice,
defeated country must remain under the
control and supervision of the victor
until such time as peace treaty is
concluded. It is only after the full
penalty has been paid that the defeated
peoples can recover their complete free
dom Of action and can demand that
there shall be no outside interference
IN their national affairs Until this
happens. regardless of how lenient the
victorious powers may wish to be, the
defeated nation must remain sub
servient.
The Italian government of Iyane
Bonomi is anxious to make public the
terms of the armistice so that the
Italian people and the world at large
may understand the situation. But
Bonon,i is being prevented from doing
So
In the last few days this policy of
secrecy regarding political matters has
had its inevitable effects. Britain
claims to stand by her rights. The
United States is frowning at the strong
measures adopted by our ally. The rest
OF the world is either aghast or is cheer
ing at this suggestion of cleavage be-
tween the two major democracies. while
millions of American and British SOL
dlers are shedding blood on the battle
nelds. They may even wonder why.
Evening star., 1944-12-09
The Political Mill
BY Gould Lincoln

The House Is knocking at the door
Tor right to have a voice in treaty.
making. The Judiciary Committee has
reported favorably by vote of IA to 4
the Summers resolution to amend the
Constitution so that treaties shall be
ratlned by majority vote of both the
House and Senate. If a similar ratio of
favorable votes can be had in the
House-and there is reason to believe
that 1t can-the proposed amendment
would carry in that body by more than
the necessary two-thirds vote.
The stumbling block will be found in
the Senate'S exclusive right to pass
upon foreign treaties, negotiated by the
Chief Executive. Further, a two-thirds
vote must be had in the Senate to ap-
prove any treaty. There has been no
sign that leading members of the Senate
Will agree to the proposed change. The
Senate Is not inclined to relinquish the
power over foreign relations which it
now has under the Constitution.
The matter of treaty ratification has
assumed tremendous Importance today
since the period before the close of
the present war and Immediately there
after agreements with other nations
vitality affecting this country and the
rest of the world will be negotiated.
A quarter of a century ago, the Senate
became battle-ground, the issue being
ratification of the peace treaty nego-
tiated by the late President Wilson
and the accompanying League of Ma
tions Covenant. For months the battle
raged-and finally these agreements
failed of ratification. This country
thereafter drifted into isolationism.
The fear of many Americans TODAY
Is that, unless the treaty ratification
power is revised so that majority rule
will prevail and the House is given an
equal voice with the Senate. there is
danger the country again will drift into
isolationism.
The present treaty y-making power en-
ables "a Senators representing II States
to defeat treaty, although the treaty
may be favored by the President and 81
Senators representing 81 States. The
minority of the Senate, effective in de-
feating treaty. may represent as few as
5000 900 voters in their States, as against
$4,000 900 voters In the other 81 States.
Evening star., 1944-12-09

manpower in the army This is because
the German Navy has now very small
personnel, most of its men having been
transferred to army units; and as for
the air force, vast numbers of its men
have been formed into ground force
units and 1t is simpler to reckon the
rest along with the army rather than try
to estimate what the air force strength
may be as a separate item.
This German manpower, according to
British estimates, is probably distributed
as follows:
Russian 'front.', 900 900.
Western 'front.' ,050 600.
italian front-450,0O0.
Norway dncluding escaped troops from
Finland) )-225 600.
Balkans-175,0O
Local defense, police and garrison
troops-500, 900.
Units in formation, undergoing basic
training-150,OOO
Requirements not yet called I'D (from
the summer mobilization and 16-year-
olds)-1,0 900, 900.
Total-5550 900.
The balance Of $4,000 represents
troops cut OF in Latvia, Crete and the
Aegean Islands, and in the Channel
Islands and the French seaports. These
can no longer seriously affect the course
OF the war and can for the most part
Except perhaps in Latvia) be contained
by troops which the Allies could not use
elsewhere.
It requires only little thought to see
from the foregoing how really desperate
the German manpower situation Is.
Take the western front, for example,
where the Allies have well over 1000 600
frst-rate troops deployed and have be-
hind that an ample pool Of requirements
Of equally good physical quality-men
OF military age, In their full vigor OF life
and without physical defects. The
Allies can always produce q numerical
superiority at their chosen point OF at
tack; the Germans. with the whole
front to garrison, must maintain 1 con-
siderable defensive force al along the
line and can provide only much smaller
concentrations as our attacks develop,
These are some Of the handicaps un-
der which the Germans labor. 1t has
been estimated, and think correctly,
that Il We kill or capture another 800 700
Germans IN the west they will no longer
Be ahle to maintain organized defense Of
their whole western front.
tcopyfishts 1e4A.l
Evening star., 1944-12-09

OBrian's ability. he had been en-
gagged as a member Of Government
counsel for the Tennessee Valley
authority constitutionality test in
1888, but had to withdraw when his
party drafted him for the New York
senatorial race.
His has been the type of public
service for which the Nation may be
grateful.
Evening star., 1944-12-09
Cites Tolstoy as Prophet

To the Editor Of The Star:
Shortly before his death, Count Leo
Tolstoy predicted a Europe in flames
and a new political era following the
confiagration in which empires and
Kingdoms would dissolve. He likewise
prophesied that the time would come
when the world would renounce hypo-
critical religions and degenerate art
Tolstoy maintained that the race wars
IN Asia had strangled progress and
predicted a more just social order
when nations grew wiser. This great
Russian reformer abhorred human con-
flict and believed that war, far from
promoting progress. created endless COM
plications while engendering further
strife.
In 1893, Tolstoy wrote in Kingdom of
God Is Within YOU: The position of
the Christian world, with its fortresses,
cannon, dynamite, torpedoes, churches
and palaces Is monstrous. "s' Although
we have recognized the fundamental,
divine commandment DO not Kin,' and
the law Of love and brotherhood, yet in
spite of this, every man of our European
world renounces this divine law, and at
the command of president, emperor,
minister, puts on fools costume, takes
up the instrument Of murder and says,
I am ready. I will strike down,
ruin and kill whomsoever you command
me to-"
Leo Tolstoy entertained constructive
and Christian ideals and believed that
the forms and ceremonies Of the ortho-
dox church should be supplanted by the
spirit of truth. He adopted, as his
mental, religious cornerstone, the Ser
mon on the Mount, with its central
teaching, RESIST not evil with evil"
EDMUND K GOIDSROR0IIf;H
Evening star., 1944-12-09
It's a Habit

From the st. Louis Post Dispatch.
A 17-year-old youth who holds the
Bronze Star and Purple Heart, q veteran
OF three campaigns and honorably dis
charged from the Army, has joined the
Navy. Presumably to see the world
again.
Evening star., 1944-12-09
Just q Memory

From the omaha Evening World Herald.
Remember when the fellow back OF the
counter used to say. Cant sell you
the carton?"
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-11-16
ViviSectiOn Protested

mails awaiting suffering and death
speaks for itself.
In those comfortable quarters, !"
helpless to protest, may be dogs
whose fate is to be literally baked
to death by Experiments" calling
for placing the animals in alright
chambers where the temperature is
raised as high as above 140 degrees,
while observers watch through glass
windows.
Such experiment." have been
conducted at Bethesda, according to
the journal of the American Medical
Association.
For years, outstanding scientists
haze taken the position that expert
ments" upon animals proUe little or
nothing.
THE tragic fact is that the actual
i skill involved in inf1icting compli-
Gated tortures upon animals might
well be directed into other channels
of research and experiment which
would result in fe-saving discover
les without the black history of
SLOW DEATH FOR HELPLESS
CREATURES.
If the government has available
the funds for the proposed huge ex
pansion of the animal house at
Bethesda, surely these funds could
be devoted to truly scientific research
not involving deliberately caused
suffering-the type of research
which has brought many vitality i'm
portant discoveries in medicine and
surgery.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-11-16

A NIMAL lovers are rallying to
\ call to protest against the use of
government funds for the erection,
at the navy medical center, Bethesda,
Md, of "a building of torture and
pain" where thousands of helpless
animals will suffer the agonies of
research and laboratory work"
This fne-sounding phrase covers
the grim reality of UiUisection and
experiment upon living creatures,
tOhose only protest against torture
can be to die.
Explanation that the new build
ing is designed to afford the captive
animals "more comfortable quar-
ters" while awaiting their turn in
the laboratories fails to convince in
view of the statement in the Official
Bulletin of the Navy Bureau of
Medicine and Surgery that the new
animal house twill house approx
mately 5000 animals and will be one
of the largest in existence"
MEMBERS of the Maryland anti
4N vivisection society are protest
ing to the surgeon general of the
navy and to their senator's and con-
gressmen, and in California the Cali
fornia Animal Defense and Anti
Vivisection League is leading a SINH
lar protest.
The response from animal lovers
should be widespread.
The bitter irony of affording
more comfortable" quarters to ami
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-11-16

they have Just said good-by TO
me from. And we Will visit the
museum again and the old
PalaiS de Justice. where the
French Revolution was declared,
and go again 10 the shops and
cafes.
Right now the local NaqulS
are parading some women
through the streets. They have
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-11-16
Knowledge Test
By DIR. SABINA CONNOLLY

/ You'd be likely 10 find
an antlmacasSar on: ta( \
chair: (b) a window; Co the
floor?
. The parcel post system was
instituted IN: (a) 1889; CD
1923; (c) 1913?
3-The centenary is the celebra-
ton Of: (a) 80 years; CD
100 years; tc) 1000 years?
A dermatolOgist treats: ta)
the skin; OBJ the hair; Co
the teeth?
ST a ring is marked 1S-k., the
fraction of real gold in II Is:
Ca Three-quartcrS; tb) four
ffthS. tct one-half?
6 Which IS the longest tsl
ca mile; (b) rod; Co IA
thom?
ANSWERS on Opposite Psge)