davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1944-06-25
Pacific
Continued From FIRST PAGE. )

bombed. One of our planes was
lost.
Tinian Islands airfields were
heavily bombed and shelled by war
ships today.
Two enemy planes detected near
Saipan Wednesday were shot down
by our fighter screen.
In the North Pacific Navy Ven-
turas bombed Shumushu Island in
the Kuriles before dawn yesterday.
In the Central Pacific neutraliza-
ton bombing raids were continued
today against r.Iapanese positions in
the Carolines and Marshalls.
Saipan Invaders Advance.
As official American reports added
q large modern Japanese aircraft
carrier to the list of vessels probably
sunk during the air-sea fight be-
tween the Marianas and the Philip
pines, earlier In the week, the Amer
ican land forces on Saipan gained
In three sectors and probed the
outer fringes of one of their major
objectives-the town of Garapan.
which was under artillery fire.
Dispatches said American marines
and soldiers advanced a mile and
entered Laulau, on the east coast.
Other Americans were fighting their
way up the steep wooded slopes of
Mount TapotchAu, volcanic peak,
where the japanese have gun en-
placements. a concrete blockhouse
and numerous pillboxes.
Most of the 10000 Japanese de-
tenders of the island are in the
north. Hourly the Americans cap
tured new stores of war materials
and took many prisoners, including
civilians.
Carrier aircraft gave American
land forces on Saipan complete sky
protection.
Destroyer Added to List.
Prior to Admiral Nimitz's latest
discourse, the box score of the car
rier task force midway between the
Marianas and the Philippines, was
increased to fixe definite sinkings
as q Jap destroyer was added to
the list last night. Other sinkings
were 19,000-ton carrier and three
oil tankers. Nine vessels, including
q battleship were damaged.
The carrier listed as probably
sunk was 000-tonner. one of
Japans newest and largest. It was
hit by three submarine torpedoes
Previously the japanese acknowl-
edged loss of a carrier.
The week was disastrous one for
Japan. The United States Navy
reported its submarines sank is
other japanese ships, while in the
Southwest Pacific American bomb
ers probably sank q merchantmen
Evening star., 1944-06-25
Copenhagen Reported
Under Martial Low
BY the Associated Press.

BY the ASS0clAted Press. TT
STOCKHOLM, June 24.-The
Germans have proclaimed martial
law in Copenhagen and the whole
island Of Sjaelland after . new out
break OF sabotage, the Free Danish
News Service said today. The pur-
pose is to permit German courts
martial to act more quickly, the
agency added.
Dispatches from Copenhagen said
the rGermans executed seight Denes
yesterday in reprisal for the blegest
single act Of sabotage yet committed
In Denmark, which left 4, cEifis. fac
tory at the capital In ruins.
Evening star., 1944-06-25
Russiu
Continued From First Page)

Medvezhegorsk, a district center OF
the Karelo-F Finnish Soviet Socialist
Republic and an important station
on the Leningrad-Murmans Rail-
way.
10 Places Occupied.
The communique also announced
the new breakthrough In the Mogilev
direction, saying that "our troops
passed over to the offensive. forced
the River Pronye, broke through
strongly fortified enemy defenses
north of Chausi and advanced up
to 20 kilometers d2La niles while
widening the breakthrough to q
front of 80 kilometers al miles, p
In this new thrust the Red Army
occupied 10 populated places.
The blows in the direction of both
Mogilev and Orsha had been men,
toned by German broadcasters Fri
day and even as the battles in these
new sectors were being confirmed by
the Russians, fresh German dis
patches were saying that "the whole
eastern front is on the move"
All the Russian breakthroughs
were being exploited to their fullest
extent.
The Soviet infantry was being
given laundering support by ar
/ stiUeryrr and, Red airmen ranged, up
and down the battle lines, and be-
yond. The communique said 81
German planes had been brought
down during Fridays fighting.
- us Miles from East Prussia.
The Russians now stand about
275 miles from the borders Of East
Prussia.
The Germans themselves ad-
mitted in a high command COM
munique that strong enemy in
fantry and tank formations
on both sides Of Smolensk pene-
trated into our foremost positions, !"
and made no claim to having
thrown back or halted this ad-
vance, but said only that "the de-
fensive battle in this area has been
continued with increasing violence. :"
The Germans in that area are
hand-picked troops, who had the
aid OF long prepared and massive
defense works.
This great new Soviet offensive
was being prosecuted without weak
ening the drive against Finland, as
Stains initial order made clear.
Firms Firing Forest.
A frontline Russian correspon-
dent said the Firms were setting fire
to the forests and hurting fir trees
across the roads in desperate, but
vain efforts to halt the offensive.
"A big gap has been created in
the rear of the Finnish defense, "
the correspondent wrote.
The German radio, in q broad
cast recorded in New York by the
Blue Network. said the Russian
advance was furthered by an
amphibious landing ION the
lower shore of Lake Ladoga" in a
maneuver ito flank the Finnish
line in Karelia.'D
Neither side gave details of the
drive on the Karelian Isthmus,
which lies between Lake Ladoga and
the Gulf of Finland. to the west of
karella. 1t was on the isthmus that
the Russian offensive against Fin
land began June 10.
Americas best product is moi
ratiOned War Bonds,
Evening star., 1944-06-25
u. 5. Troops Capture
Huge Rocket Ramps
In Cherbourg Area
by the AssociAted Pres.

By the Associated Press.
ON THE AMERICAN BEACH
HEAD SOMEWHERE IN FRANCE
June A.--American troops advanc-
ing on Cherbourg have captured
several sites from which the Ger
mans may have intended to launch
robot bombs against Britain.
Two sites-one where the installa-
tions were Of giant proportions and
the other about one-sixth as large
have been inspected by engineer
ing officers.
The big one, which one of1icer
spoke Of as resembling "the founda-
tions for another Boulder Dam,
was set In an elevated valley. Trees
were cleared sufficiently to permit
the missiles to be sent in any di-
rection. The project was far from
complete.
Ramp $50 Feet Long.
The principal feature was a
slightly elevated concrete ramp
about 70 feet wide, so feet thick
and 750 feet long. The ramps rise
appeared to be no more than 3 feet
from one end to the other.
There was evidence Of Allied aerial
bombardment. One bomb, perhaps
. 1,000-pounder, had bitten q crater
8 feet deep and 20 feet in diameter
In the floor Of the ramp.
At the elevated end, there was
another reinforced concrete struc-
ture about 800 feet long, 120 feet
wide and 80 feet high with a tunnel
running through one end.
When the Germans were forced
to abandon their, work, they were
erecting a series Of supporting tres
ties in line parallel to the ramp.
possibly to bear another platform.
The site was encircled by a mar
railroad track. Scattered
about were so concrete mixers and
piles Of steel reinforcing rods, IN
to and 3 inches in diameter. En-
gineers estimated nearly 1000 men
had been employed on the project.
Control House Has 1o-Foot Ceilinx.
There also was what appeared to
be some sort Of control house with
walls 8 feet thick and 10-foot thick
ceiling to protect it from bombs.
The smaller installation appeared
to be 3 modified "SKI"-type plat
form like those which have been
attacked repeatedly by Allied air
craft in the Pas de Calais area. It
was 80 cleverly camouflaged that
. person could walk across 1t
unaware.
The ramp was sunk slightly In
the ground and covered with sod.
There also was . solid circular plat
from into which had been sunk
square holes. The foundation ap-
peared complete and awaiting in
stallation of the firing mechanism.
Frenchmen told stories Of addi-
tional firing sites along the coast
which are in use. Parts of one
rocket plane were found ON the
American beachead where the plane
was believed to have landed ac-
cidentally through 4 faulty mechan-
ism.
Evening star., 1944-06-25

Americas best product is not
ratiOned War Bonds.
Evening star., 1944-06-25
German Resistance
Stiffens in Italy
But French Advance
By the Associated Press.

~ tne ASsoctated FfeSe.
ROME, June 24.-The Ger
mans hurled fresh armor and
their air force into the battle OF
Italy today. but French elements
of the 5th Army thrust on
through the mountains to the
south bank Of the Ombrone
River at a point about lis miles
northwest of Rome.
In this advance, the 5th Army
overran Roccastrada, which is about
10 miles southeast OF Pisa, near
which the Germans are preparing
q stand, and the strong resistance
apparently was bid for more time.
The point reached on the Om-
bronze was 6 miles northeast OF
Roccastrada. The French had to
fight through the heaviest enemy
artillery fire Of the week and thread
through heavy minefields to reach 1t.
This spectacular gain severed an
important lateral road leading east
from Roccastrada to Highway 73,
adding to the problems OF Marshal
Albert Kesselring in withdrawing
his army through the mountains.
Bad Weather Aids Naxis.
West of Roccestrada on the coast
another column Of Allied infantry
and tanks was fighting at the OUT
skirts Of Fallonica, which straddles
the coastal highway leading north
to Pisa.
Bad weather, which has given the
Germans some respite from tactical
air attack, did not keep a force Of
from $50 to 500 American Liberators
from blasting the Ploesti oil fields
Of Romania today for the second
straight day, and attacking a rail
bridge over the Oltul River on
main line from Ploesti to Central
Europe.
Fires blazed in the harbor and
storage area Of Giurgiu, 40 miles
south Of Bucharest, which was
bombed yesterday despite strong
aerial resistance which cost the
enemy 81 aircraft, a communique
announced. Ten Allied heavy bomb
ers and eight other planes are miss
ing from Fridays operations, in
which Mediterranean Air Force
planes made 500 individual flights
In spite Of unfavorable weather.
Intense max and . number Of
enemy planes met the American
heavy bombers returning to the at
tack today.
Other formations struck the rail-
way repair depot at Craiova, 80
miles southeast Of the Iron Gate
on the Danube. Good results were
reported from the raid on the Oltul
Bridge and at Craiova.
On land, the Germans registered
one Of their few successes since
the big Allied push began by re-
capturing Chiusi, 8 miles southwest
OF Lake Trasimeno on the center
Of the front.
The British 9th Army beat on
counterattacks north of Perugia,
which lies east Of the lake, captured
the village OF Corciano and cleared
Evening star., 1944-06-25

and destroyed f1ve coastal vessels
off Dutch New Guinea.
There was no confirmation of a
Japanese radio claim that two
American aircraft carriers were
heavily damaged yesterday of
Saipan and that Is planes were shot
down of Guam.
The Northwest enterprise. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1931-1952, 1944-04-05

law enforcement Officers in King
County.
can say from personal OBJ
servation and experience. there
has not been a more efficient
group of personnel employed in
public service than nave been
drawn together, employed and
put to work in King County,
working out of the Sheriff's Of
flee.
The public is being served
in each department of activity by
representatives from every class
of people from the lowest station
to the highest brackets of living.
Mr.. Callahan is one public Of
fetal who has given every con-
sideratiOn to minority groups as
well as the majority and The pub
lie should be proud to have him
sit as a chief executive in the
capacity of sheriff.
In the formation and organize
ton of his office he has wrought
miraculous cooperation between
federal, state and local govern
ment law enforcing departments.
The Northwest enterprise. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1931-1952, 1944-04-05

making them feel at ease; yet on
the other hand frowning ct the
women prisoners, offering them
assistance, but above all, advice
not to return to the Jail once
they leave.
All these features of the sher-
IFS office are the result of his
carefully planned departments
He is further taxing himself not
only to make known the condi-
tlCns around his office, but he is
taking it to clubs, business or
CARNATIONS and others. telling
them their duty and the service
they should render in making
conditions better.
He tells parents and makes
them equally responsible for jul
Senile delinquents coming from
the various homes.
l feel certain If the citizens Of
King County cooperate with the
sheriff and give him the proper
support, at the end of his first
four-year term as sheriff we will
have a better community, city
and state.
This man Is an example of
What leadership is, and should be
in the Republican party.
The Northwest enterprise. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1931-1952, 1944-04-05
Continued from Page u

to the cause of the Republican
party'r program. For then the
Republican party's road ahead
looked dark, as far as is can
didates were concerned and amid
the field of party candidates he
was the only one elected to office.
Being a first class law enforce
ment officer and knowing what
should be done, our present sher-
iff has been an asset to the en-
tire county regime.
Sheriff Callahan, taking over
from a Democratic administration
proceeded to organize his forces,
selecting men to represent his
office by ability and public serv-
ice. He was in competition With
the great forces of the war ef-
fort, Army and Navy recruiting,
plus employment service for
workers to man the big jobs of
war production. But he sue
eeeded in securing and appoint
ing men of like mettle and quail
ity as himself, to direct affairs as
The Northwest enterprise. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1931-1952, 1944-04-05
VOTE RULING
ISTIRS SOUTH

ATLANTA-Southern reaction
to the supreme court decision
holding that Negroes may parti-
cipate in Democratic primary ell
ections ranged today from eau
tious noncommittal to stubborn
determination to preserve tradi-
tional white control OF election
machinery.
In several states, including
Texas, officials and party leaders
withheld comment, pending study
of the courts decision.
Defiant Stand
In Mississippi, however, Chair
man Herbert Holmes of the Dem
ocratic executive committee de-
clared, 1--WE still have few state
rights left, and one of our rights
is to have Democratic primaries
and say who shall vote in them.
The Supreme Court or no one
else can control a Democratic pri-
mary in Mississippi"
Georgia's state Democratic
committee chairman, j. Lon
Duckworth, argued that the SUI
preme Courts action lis not a
decision affecting the Georgia
primary" and added: Il would
say the Negroes are not qualified
to vote in the Democratic white
primary of this state"
Gov. Coke r. Stevenson and
Attorney General Grover Sellers
of Texas declined comment, pend
ing study of the decision.
In Washington, however, Rep.
Nat Patton, Democrat, Texas,
commented:
II have an Gliding faith in the
great Democra tic hordes of Tex
as that they will control their
primaries, and that Negroes will
not vote In the white primaries.
Let the Negroes form their own
primaries if they like. l don't
think many Negroes want to vote
in the Texas white primaries. A
few hotheads are stirring this
thing up. l think the Southern
white man is the best friend the
Negroes have"
The Northwest enterprise. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1931-1952, 1944-04-05
MORE. - TEXAS VOTE
CONTINUED From Page II


was chased on the theory that
the right to participate in the
Democratic primary is one of the
privileges incidental to member
snip in the Democratic Party of
Texas and should not be confused
with the right to vote"
The attorneys cited a 1911 SUI
preme Court opinion, in case
from Louisiana, which they said
held that in a state where choice
at the primary was tantamount
to election. the right to rote in
the primary was derived from the
United States Constitution and
not from the party.
Exclusion of Negroes from the
primary, the attorneys said, was
based on a resolution adopted by
the state Democratic party.
The majority opinion said:
"The United States is a Consti-
tutional democracy. It's organic
law grants to all citizens a right
to participate in the choice of
elected officials without restric-
tion by any state because of race.
This grant to the people of the
opportunity for choice is not to
be nullified by a state through
casting it's electoral processes in
a form which permits racial dis
elimination in the election. Cor
stitutional rights would be of
little value if they could be thus
indirectly denied.
The court said the privilege of
membership in a political party
may be, as the court previously
had ruled, no concern of state
Solon Criticizes Decision
But" the opinion added =.
when, as here. that privilege is
also the essential qualification
for voting in a primary to aclect
nominees for a general election,
the state makes the action Of the
party the action of the state"
The majority said that, reach
ing that conclusion, it was mot
unmindful of the desirability of
continuity of decision in constita-
tional questions. However, when
convinced of former error. this
court has never felt constrained
to follow precedent"
The first reaction on Capitol
Hill to the courts ruling came
from Representative West. Demo
crat, Texas, who said: 4 don't
think the Supreme Court has any
more right to say who can vote
in a primary than it has right
to say who can belong to
church or a lodge"
The Northwest enterprise. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1931-1952, 1944-04-05

Working in harmony with the
prosecutors office, serving vari.
GUS judicial departments and
proving satisfactory to all in all
ways and manners, Sheriff Gala
han has organized the civil oe-
partment of his office into a pay
ing proposition into the county
treasury. This has never been
done before from the services
carried on by these civil depart
ments.
Because of efficient organiza-
ton, the law enforcement depart
ment has increased its power; the
prowler car service throughout
the entire county has reached a
zenith heretofore unknown by
giving service to districts and in
dividuals. This has never been
done before.
He has been able to obtain
cooperation for expenses of said
service from county commission
ers and he has organized To be
able to answer all calls with the
prowler car service upon any em-
Urgency. His criminal depart
ment, headed by Mr.. William
Coffey has produced a new high
in dealing with crime.
Mr.. Coffey gave up a position
as chief state parole officer to
take his present job. His record
is one of long service in law
enforcement work and the sher-
if was very fortunate to gain
his hand.
William (BilD Williams. who
is assistant sheriff, is willing to
take the roughs of office. being
kicked around that the execu-
tive's office may prosper and
reap the necessary influence.
In the juvenile department
Sheriff Callahan, under the di-
rection of Mr.. Jack Best, has sci
up a juvenile service that is fast
becoming one of the foremost
features of the office. Nothing
of this kind has been established
before here in King County. Set
ting up juvenile clubs and pro-
grams that give the Juveniles an
outlet by means of recreation and
development to an extent that il
is saving at least 70 per cent
of juvenile crimes, especially
where clubs operate.
In the service of the jail de-
partment, a man of long standing
also contributes to the welfare
of the sheriff's office in the per-
son of Allan Stark. MIN. Stark
has had heaped upon him, since
taking over, an additional work
of caring for the city prisoners,
too. This is most difficult po-
sition and yet he is not alarmed
or inconvenienced, because of his
experience, ability and efficient
manner of working Win the pub
lie. No better public service Of
fetal could be had than the wen
known Allan Stark.
On the jail floor on the day
shift genial Joe Frye adds the
pleasant comedy to the scene OF
the sheriff's office, continually
making people feel at home
when visiting the Jail.
In the women's department a
kindly group of matrons and pub
lie servants are always willing
and anxious to greet the public.
The Northwest enterprise. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1931-1952, 1944-04-05

social agencies, clubs, churches
and other civic groups in a vari-
ety of projects aimed to lessen
prejudice and discrimination, and
to enrich family life. For in
stance, not only have the school
executives appointed Negro teach
ers, but also have used their in
fluence to check discrimination
wherever they happen to have an
interest in the situation.
Mr.. Bragdon concluded by say
ing that although Springfield
knows 1T hasn't all the answers
to the problems of democracy, it
is having an exciting time learn
ing some of them"
The Northwest enterprise. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1931-1952, 1944-04-05
MORE - SPRINGFIELD
PLAN
CONTINUED on Page ~

Continued on Page ~
ment.
"From kindergarten on, school
activities foster democratic atti-
tudes," Mr.. Bragdon said in de
scribing the methods of educating
for democratic citizenship en-
ployed by the Springfield schools
in a program to promote inter
racial harmony. Together is
the key word. First to sixth
graders may join forces to fur
nish our library Each room
contributes scrapbooks from pro-
jects in which they learned, to-
gether, about all kinds of people
and things in the world outside
They learn to work together in
committees, to lead and to fol
low, to take responsibility, to
discuss and then to accept the
majority desire to use their tai
ents for the welfare of the
school,"
Springfield educators have evil
dence that the plan works, Mr.
Bragdon said: the results of for
NAL attitude tests" the greater
spirit of ''togetherness" among
children and teachers, the decline
of name-calling on Fairgrounds
The plan is unusual, he said, in
taking a number of familiar de-
vices and building a thoroughly
persuasive influence that touches
child for 10 years; teaching
him how to work, learn and play
with all kinds of people, to re-
spect them, to grow up with a
minimum of prejudice"
Steps Outlined
The school program has been
Invaluable" in lessening war
time strains upon family life,
Mr.. Bragdon said He explained
the step-by-step process by which
wholesome attitudes are incul-
Gated in Springfield school chill
dren.
In the elementary grades CO.
operative attitudes are nurtured
by doing. not by preachments,
he said. 'In junior high these
methods are expanded in step
with the child's mental and social
growth. In grade z, he studies
a history unit on the contribution
of older civilizations to present
democratic procedures. In grade
the contribution of religions is
taught. In grade 9 a study of
nationalities is pointed up by
learning what they have contri-
buted to Springfield
I'm senior high school the pu-
pills first study the beginnings of
mankind with emphasis on the
fundamental equality of all the
races. The second year they are
ready for 'the American dream
and the American reality" a re-
alistic study of the United States
democracy. it's strides and it's
stumbles. In the last year, they
study public opinion and proga-
ganda. At present they are
starting some town meetings
discussion to strengthen habits of
straight thinking and democratic
procedures.
Because prejudice can still in
feet the child from outside the
school, the plan reaches into the
adult education, Mr.. Bragdon
said. Beside citizenship and
other evening classes, parent
teacher discussion groups. At
this level, the schools work with