davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-11-26
What;sanAyerage Family?

the family's economic status, the in
vcstigators of the Family Economics
Bureau in Minneapolis figured out
just what the war was costing Mr..
and Mrs. America.
1.-The average family's share of its
country's wartime expenses" the re-
port said, "is about $500, OF which
il has already contributed over 81 400
since Pearl Harbor."
The pro rata share OF the postwayA
national debt will be over $1,000 per
family. This share, some 81 200 of
which was peacetimc. pre-1941 debt,
will mean a pro rata interest burden
of over 500 a year.
The average American is going to
face the postwar period with clean
financial slate. Very few will have
installment debts of any sort
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-11-26

XPERTS at drawing up statistics
think they have found out just
- how the average American fam
lily stacks up financially.
They say that you can't call your
family an average one unless you
can dig into the old sock and come
UP with S1S40 in savings.
The typical family seems TO have
500 Saltcd away in War Bonds, and
another 1920 in other kinds of saw
ings. It has over $1,000 worth of
life insurance protection.
That 500 for War Bonds, accord
ing to the experts, means that the
average family has invested $1,000 in
bonds, but has cashed in $50 worth
due to an emergency, or for some
other reason.
And while they were probing into
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-11-26

ANEHEN the SaWed-oft "Son or
" Heaven" pulled his historic
w sneak attack on Pearl Har.
Dor he created situation in Holly
wood almost as fantastic as the illu-
sion that anyone can punch Uncle
Sam in the nose and get away with it.
The blast on our Pacific outpost
had repercussions in the movie cap
ital as well as in Washington. Pro
ducers knew that the public would
demand such pictures as Wake Is
land" "Guadalcanal Diary" "Gung
Uo," Destination Toxic" and Behind
the Rising Sum-"
And casting directors knowing
that they'd never be able to use real
Japs in these films obviously began
10 make up lists OF Chinese actors.
They didn't expect these rosters 10
mean much, because they were afraid
few Chinese would risk the wrath of
their honorable ancestors by depict
ing their despised little brown
brothers."
Fortunately, for the movie.going
public, the philosophic and wise
Chinese jumped at the seemingly I'M
pleasant job Of playing Nip parts.
They knew that thousands of UNI
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-03-30
Council Votes
License Increase

The common council today sp-
proved an increase in Tho CITY
license and inspection fees tN-
pected 70 Weld S2Si 900 annually.
City Cnnlrnllhr OakInan NOON
mendcd The increase, which Affects
q al the 90 license categorleS
Under the Re'p schedule. luke
boxes must he licensed for Tho
FIRST time The fee was set az
SIS A year for each machine
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-03-30
Wanted! Men and
Women Who Are
Hard of Hearing

To make This simple no rsk hearing
ffff no sou are temporarily deafeuef
h4lherrd hs ringing. burning head noises
DIE fO hardened on c0arUiHrcr Wax fCrrr1
menu try the Ourine Home Method test
that IA many say has enabled them - hear
well aEatu You must hear better after
making this simple Test or YOU get your
money hack ~ once Ask about 0ufir-
Far Drops today - Cunningham. Kinsel
and druE stores everywhere
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-03-30
Even Army Names Huri

PULLMAN, Wash. March so
-G-p4-I74e names 81 the army s.
physical education service here IN
cludes the bending groaner. hip
bounce. trunk tWisiCg. knee bend.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-03-30
Get Happy Cooling Relief For
Burning { allouses--put Spring IN Your Strr

DUE TO SMOKING - CLEARED
UP COMPLETELY OR DEFINITELY
IMPROVED
Full reports of these findings
appeared in leading medical
journals.
No enratit'e sfteets are
claimed for PHILIP MORRIS, of
course.
But such evidence as this
certainly Rr0KeS here is a ciga-
rette zqter 10 smoke because tess
irritating TO the nose and throat.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-03-30

ApNFRTIsFNFNT
Evening star., 1944-01-02

The first couple of weeks at nursery
school, Nathan was happy and we'll
behaved. Then he began flying into
tempers. Mrs. Messer and the teach
ers watched his arrival at the Center.
His mother now hustled him out of the
car and into the Center, and then shot
off to be on time at the plant. Again
at night when he ran to meet her. it
was hurry. hurry. hurry
When Mrs. Messer waylaid Nath-
ans mother to ask if she couldn't give
more time to him, the mother said
desperately: ''How can 1? When l
leave here, l have my marketing
to do and dinner to get - and l
feel 20 rushed all the time. my
self.''
Other mothers were in the same fix.
But suppose the Center could take
over some of the routine tasks! No
sooner said than done. First they
tackled the family marketing and the
preparation of the main supper dish.
Mothers leave the marketing order
in the morning when they bring the
children, but pay the grocer direct.
Menus are posted for a week ahead.
and the mothers order accordingly.
paying the Center in cash and ration
stamps.
What - Ysu Ueoa2
last September, with the food serv-
ice a bowling success. Mrs. Messer
called a $50 pm. meeting of all
fathers and mothers. The Center fed
the children that night and served
hot coffee to the parents. Then Mrs.
Messer outlined new features and
asked for suggestions about Others.
The women were wildly enthusiastic
about the important items. and even
asked for and got the promise of
smaller one - hairdresser at the
Center to do their hair after work.
Evening star., 1944-01-02

Husbands at first seemed reluctant
about agreeing to domestic service
from outside, but they were converted
by their wives. and by Mrs. Messer's
proposal that as soon as it could the
Center would see that the children
rot to the barber and dentist - duties
formerly delegated to the fathers.
0AA-jeA veiuntssss
HERE will be nothing free about the
extras, except for the patriotic help
of the American Women's Voluntary
Services. These women. have volun-
teered to transport shoe-repair, dry
cleaning and laundry bundles to and
from local establishments.
The Center has also started a new
infirmary service. Often when the
nurse examines child on arrival in
the morning. she, suspects cold or
sees slight rash which might mean
nothing at all or turn out to be seri-
GUS. Formerly. the child's mother
had to turn right around. take him
home and be absent from her work.
Plant managers and mothers COM
planned about this unavoidable ab-
senteeism. Now each mother has an
agreement with a neighborhood wom-
an to take care of an excluded child:
the Center keeps him in the infirmary
until it can get in touch with this
woman and deliver the child to her.
when we get our new building"
Mrs. Messer says, II hope we can keep
these children at the Center until they
are entirely well again."
The work of child-care and service
center of this kind not only helps the
U.S.A. to get on with the war; it
preserves the roots of peace. Parents
do their war work better: children
thrive and are happy: the family
stands united while it works for
victory. WE MONTH
Evening star., 1944-01-02
This children's center
takes care Of Youngsters
and their parents. too!

RADARTlaE children's centers
wv not only take care of war
w workers' children but take
care Of the parents. too. At one center
in San Francisco, besides looking out
for LIS youngsters from $50 am. to
s pm. they prepare each family's
main hot dish for supper-and mama
picks it up when she collects the chill
dren at night. They are also organised
to see that the family marketing.
mending, dry-cieaning. shoe-repair-
ing. laundry and odd jobs get done.
The remarkable story Of this pro-
gram - which was worked out by
the Child Care and Nursery School
Center Of the San Francisco State
College = IS full Of pointers for your
own neighborhood in the war.
uslp 1w shs 1aGzSsA
GUIDING spirit and director of this
answer to a war-working mothers
prayer is Mrs. Lynette Messer. pro-
lessor Of music and instructor in
teacher-trzining at the College. Her
work at the Center is volunteer.
The children who belong to the
Center include little tots and older
kids too. The project began as
nl,fnery school under the WPA.
Then came the war -. shipyards
in nearby Vallejo took on hordes of
workers -. parents now had plenty
Of work and money but they need
ed even more help with the children.
Evening star., 1944-01-02

for the older children. But Mrs.
Messer soon discovered the parents
needed more than this. 1t all came to
light when little Nathan's troubles
met up with Mrs. Messer's we-can-
do-anything spirit.
Evening star., 1944-01-02

So. with the help of funds from the
Lanham Act which was passed to
take care of just this sort of need.
the College Center changed over to
meet the new demand and also to
provide before and after school care
The Waterbury Democrat., 1944-04-10
Surrender Of City
Climaxes Debacle
PAGE FOUR
nal Corps Photo from NEA Telephoto)
Continued from Page u

was his greatest in a 9O0-mile run
ming battle with Marshal Fritz Won
Mannstein. They first tangled south
west Of Stalingrad when the Nazi
Marshal tried to relieve the German
Sixth army in 1912.
Odessa, once large city and pros
porous port and last sizeable Rus
sian city remaining in German
hands, probably was only a broken
shell. The Red Army devastated it
in l941, and the Nazis claimed they
destroyed it again before yielding
it.
All land routes from Odessa had
been cut by the assault arc thrown
around the city, belying Berlin
claims of a successful evacuation. A
formidable Red Air Force fleet had
been lowering over Odessa to blast
any desperate attempt at Dun
kerque flight by sea.
Movement
1.-THE town of Odessa was evacu-
ated in the course of planned move
mentS after carrying out destruc-
lions which had been prepared for
weeks of all important installations
and after transport of all ships,
vessels and other war material had
been concluded" a Berlin commu-
nique said.
Military quarters believed the fall
of Odessa in effect sealed the doom
of trapped Axis forces in the Crimea.
Berlin limited that the campaign to
clean out the dangling Black Sea
Peninsula already had begun. The
Nazis said heavy fighting was going
on at the Perkop ISthmus linking
the Crimea with the mainland and
on the coast Of the northeastern
Crimea.
German and Roumanian troops
completed the evacuation of Odessa
last night lin the course of large
scale detaching movements on the
southern sector of the eastern
front" the official DNB agency re-
ported at noon (6 a. m. EWT)
During the past few weeks, all
installations which might have been
of Importance to the Soviets have
been Systematically destroyed and all
war materiel in the city has been
carted away" DNB said.
Premier Marshal Josef Stain was
expected to confirm the fall of Odes-
sa at the southern tip of the
Ukraine in a special order of the
day later today. A victory salute on
Moscow's guns was certain.
Clear Of Germans
Observation-Disclosures" Min
With the fall of Odessa, the Red
The Waterbury Democrat., 1944-04-10
Guns Muted
AtC0ssino
CONTINUED from Page y

CONTINUED from Page ID
orders, crowded around the altar
but soldiers higher up on the slopes
sat quietly beside their foxholeS.
II greet Protestants Catholics Of
the German Army" Chaplain Rein
both said in German. He Is Luth-
eran pastor Of German descent and
a graduate of the Concordia Theo-
logical Seminary Of st. Louis, Mo.
Love All Men"
I'VE have been instructed from
childhood" he continued ito love
all men, even our enemies. Today is
Easter, the day of Christ's triumph.
Should not all Christendom be
jubilant this day? Should not all
people rejoice2 Christ died and rose
for all mentor Germans and
Americans alike-and therefore I
wish you also today in the name Of
my soldiers a happy Easter"
The Chaplain read the Easter
story in German and then explained
to the Americans in their own Ian
guage the origin Of Easter.
A Protestant service was ocn-
Quoted by Chaplain Capt. Earl
Hayes Of Clyde, Tex, and Matho-
lie Mass was said by Chaplain LIST
1t. Leo Crowley Of Syracuse, N. Y.
Americans in observation posts
along the crest of the hill strained
through binoculars to see If there
was any German reaction but the
German lines remained unchanged.
No enemy soldiers were sighted and
their guns had remained silent
since 4 a. m.
Orders
The Americans had received or
ders to hold their fire between 8
a. m. and 10 a. m.
The Americans took off their he'll
NETS and listened to the Protestant
service. Later, Catholic soldiers,
some with hand grenades still dam
glingl from their belt, knelt before
the altar and received absolution
from the priest.
A message read to the troops from
their regimental commander said:
God speed and good fortune on
your greatest misSion-to make the
world safe for Christianity"
At the Protestant service nurse
list 1t. Charlotte johnson of Pains
Vile, O., sang II Know That My
Redeemer Liveth." She was accom-
panied on portable organ which
had been packed up the hill by a
mule.
Cpl. william Valla, Binghamton,
U. Y, soloist at the Catholic service,
sang Holy God We Praise Thy
Name"
The Waterbury Democrat., 1944-04-10

week Of cautious sparring along
the approaches to the town during
which the Japanese established
solidly astride the highway leading
south to Imphal.
The communicate said the invad-.
ers were breath back Sunday after
preaching the main British defenses
before Kohima. but came back to
press the attack with renewed fury
apparently trying to force a
breakthrough before the start Of the
monsoon rains next month.
(The communique fatty refuted
Japanese claims to have captured
Kohima. and Radio Tokyo ITSELF
contradicted its own earlier &C.
counts by announcing that heavy
fighting was in progress inside the
town and on the outSkirts.)
Spokesman at Admiral Lord Louis
Mountbatten's Sout h asst Asia
headquarters revealed that the
Manipur valley between Kohima
and Imphal. go miles to the south,
was Swarming with Japanese troops.
The main enemy force apparently
was battering at the gates of Ko-
hima in an effort to gain control
of that British base before the
rains-noy only three or four weeks
away-make an military operations
impossible.
Japanese pressure en- the 70.
hima area was maintained through
out Sunday. but all parties which
penetrated our defenses were elm
mated" a terse communique said.
Fifty dead were counted and
prisonters were captured"
The Waterbury Democrat., 1944-04-10

Army completely cleared the Ger
mans from the pre-war Ukraine
with the exception Of a slender seq
ment looping around Tiraspol on the
east bank Of the Dnester, SIS miles
northwest of Odessa.
However, Stain may delay an
nouncement of the final liberation
of the Ukraine until he not only has
wiped out the TiraSpol salient, but
also has reached the Bug river line
of Demarcation half way across old
Poland established by agreement
with Germany in September, 1889.
Even as the Russians were rolling
into Odessa from three sides, Soviet
columns in Rumonia swung south
around the Carpathians and ad-
vanced II miles between the Prut
and Siret rivers to cut and all but
isolate the strategic junction of
Iasi in developing drive toward
Bucharest and the Ploesti oil fields,
the latter ITO miles to the south
west.
More than 200 towns and villages
were Overrun as the forces in Ru-
mania cut the railway running from
las iwest to Pascani, leaving the Iasi
garrison only a secondary line to
the south over which to escape or
bring in reinforcements.
The German DNB announcement
of the evacuation of Odessa claimed
that German counter attacks pre-
vented advancing Soviet forces from
interfering with the Axis withdrawal
and inflicted heavy losses on the Red
army.
Despite the DNB announcement,
military observers were inclined to
doubt that the Germans were able
to eXtricate more than a portion of
the beleaguered garrison of Odessa.
Gen. Rodion Y. Malinovsky's
Third Ukrainian army, closing in
on Odessa from three sides, was only
a few miles north Of the only rail-
way line out of the city still in Ger
man hands yesterday and Moscow
dispatches said it was believed al
ready out of operation.
Even If the Germans did continue
to operate the line, it depended on
ASAAACo w AOAO Vic OIl1eSCer lagoon
west of Odessa and was regarded
as totally inadequate for any large
scale withdrawal.
Soviet planes and units of the
Black Sea fleet maintained constant
air and sea patrols to prevent any
attempted Dunkerque evacuation
to Rumanian or Bulgarian ports
The garrison of Odessa a month ago
numbered more than 100000, but
was believed much smaller at the
time of its final retreat.
The Germans announced their
abandonment of Odessa less than
IL hours after the Soviet high COM
mand in its midnight communicate
disclosed that Malinovsky's forces
had broken into the northern su-
burbS with the capture of Sortifov-
ochnaya, three miles from the city
line, on the three -quarters-of-a "a
mile wide iSthmus between Knyaln-
itzky lagoon and Odessa bay.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1944-04-10
WiIIkie Will
Shun 'Sto ps'
CONTINUED from Page y

| NSO11G4kAdVO 4AOAIk L 0SC -
!
of listening-especially to the men
most prominently mentioned for the
Republican nomination-and to url-
| dertake to measure them and their
records against the issues of the
day as he sees them. Wtllkie has
| told his friends that he does not
intend to participate in any ''stop"
movements directed against any
candidate nor to promote the can
didacy of any man. But repeatedly
in conversations with his friends,
Wilkie has said he intends to SAY
what think"
His friends were hopeful, but
Willkie had few illusions during the
latter weeks of his pre-convention
campaign. His associates explained
that Willkie had recognized for
months that powerful forces in the
Republican organization hoped to re-
pudiate his candidacy. Local Or
CARNATIONS generally were uneasy
over WILKES stand on postwar in
ternational affairs. But the Will
kie camp feels that this doubt was
stimulated to outright opposition by
the organized effort Of group Of
powerful party leaders includ-
ing Joseph N. Pew, Jr., andn Ernest
T. Weir of Pennsylvania and the
New York state and Illinois party
organizations.
Opposition
They say this opposition backed
delegates pledged to Gov. Thomas
E. Dewey, of New York, and dele
gates pledged to Comdr. Harold E.
Stassen, former governor of Min
nesota, particularly in those Wis
consin districts in which no Dewey
delegates were entered.
| Wisconsin returns were so over
whelmingly against WILKES candi-
dacvy that no single issue could be
cited as the central factor. But the
Madison. Wis, speech of Senator
Joseph H. Ball, r., Mimi, oiS count
ed by Willkike adherents among
the hardest blows struck in that
campaign, Ball was StaSsen's man
ager and chief campaigner. He Is
reported to have told a Madison
audience that his man was comit-
ted to the postwar territorial in
tegrity of Germany-that there
should be no postwar political dis
memberment of that country.
Substantial Effect
The effect of that statement is
said to have been very substantial
throughout both Wisconsin and Ne
braska where there is a concentra-
ton of Americans and German ex-
traction.
WILKES political associates evil
IDENTITY do not know what his tao
tics will be after nomination of Re-
publican and Democratic presiden-
tial tickets. He has saidt hat the
country needs changed leadership.
Butt he language of his statement
withdrawing from the presidential
contest suggested, also, that to OBJ
tain his support the Republican
nominee would have to have a clear
ecord and fortnight position. WILL
record and a fortnight position.
Willkie is not backing away from
the implications of that statement
On the contrary, he Is telling his a.
sociates that it is time for cri-
tical decisions.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1944-04-10


carry larger bomb loads, smash the
base every night and have left Truk,
once giant Japanese defense base,
badly weakened.
United Press War Correspondent
Malcolm r. johnson said that OBJ
servers in a Seventh AAF advanced
MarShalsl base believe that Japan
never again will dare to anchor ma
Jor fleet units such as aircraft car
riers, battleships and cruisers, in
Truk's harbor.
Liberators also hit other enemy
bases strung out through the Pacific
between the western MarShalls and
Truk.
Ponape, $50 miles east of Truk.
was attacked twice Friday and the
18th time in eight straight DAYS.
The second attack was carried out
by Mitchell bombers, escorted by
Fourth Marine aircraft wing fight
ers, which bombed and strafed in
stallationS, against only moderate
anti-aircraft fire.
The other targets in the eastern
Carolines were Oroluk and Ujelang
Islands, which were assaulted by
single Liberators.
Mitchell bombers and Navy and
Marine planes also bombed and
strafed four Japanese atolls in the
barracks, warehouses and gun en-
caInplacements. The communiuue
said anti~aircraft fire from the
bases ranged from moderate to
Marshalls, starting fires in hangers,
meager.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1944-04-10
Aircraft
Plants Hit
Continued from Page y

(COntlnued from Page u
and Liberators made their third
multi-pronged assault on the Nazi
aircraft industry in as many days
only a few hours after Raj heavy
bombers propped LOO or more tons
of bombs each last night on railway
targets at VilleneuVe- Saint Georges
in the southeastern suburbs of Paris
and at Lille, controlling the supply
lines to the French invasion coast.
Upwards of TOO American four en-
gined daylight raiders divided their
cargoes of destruction among the
Svere and Vilorder Aircraft Repair
Works and Melsbroek airdromeS in
the Brussels area of Belgium, air.
craft factories at BourgeS, 1856 miles
south Of Paris. France, and military
detectives along the French invasion
coast and elsewhere.
Big BOmbers
The big bomberS were escorted by
equally strong forces of Thunder
bolts, Mustangs and IightningS Of
both the 9th and 9th air forces.
AOA0y . GOUe1OhO 1OuAAOCA Wv I'LL &c
days Of concentrated American as
saults on German aircraft factories
and airdromes as far East as Po-
land and East Prussia, during which
200 or more Nazi planes probably
were destroyed in combat or On the
ground in addition to the devasta-
ton wrought among industrial works
and other installations.
The offensive opened Saturday
with a heav yattack on Brunswick,
100 miles west of Berlin, and was in
tensified yesterday with raids on
Poznan (Pesen) and Gdynia, Po-
land: Maficnburg, East Prussia, and
Tutow and IIarnemunde, northeast
ern Germany.
Raj foulr-engined bombers took
over last night with heavy attacks
or railway targets at Villeneuve-
Saint Georges in the southeastern
suburbs OF Paris and at Lille, while
twin-engined mosquitoes raided
Mennheim and western Germany.
A very extensive mlne-laying
program at great range" was car
Iied out successfully to complete the
night operations. the air ministry
announced. Eleven planes were lost
In all Raj forays.
The night raids were the second
this month by the RATS heavy
weights. An all-Lancaster force
bombed an aircraft factory ct Tou-
louise in southern France last We'd
nesday night.