davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1944-08-03
This Changing " WQsld
~ CSssfos5ise Aresc,v

Ihe brsak Ii diplonatic rotations -
tween Turkey and 0Skmany possibly
pgesAse1 opening Of AI1ied military
operations In. the Balkans,
The Turks, whose synpathies have
been with the Allies dIace the outbreak
of the war, heretofore have refused 70
b drawn into the second world conlIa-
grafton because they were not prepared
TO inset . Bulgarian offensive.
Until six months aeo this appeared 70
the TEkish general STAN 10 be the In
evitahle answer Of Germany to Turkiah
departure from her strict neutrality.
Until that time the Germans had to
night major battle only on the eastern
front; In Italy the Allies were making
only slow progress and Hitler's satellites
In the Balkans still believed In an ulti-
mate German victory.
Before our successful operations in
Normandy and the lightning victories Of
the Red armies, American and British
military men conceded that the German
Bulgarian forces, which comprised
some 20 to IS divisions, could defeat
Turkey without much trouble. The
sequel to such defeat would have
been the occupation Of Istanbul and the
Dardanslles long before Turkey could
expect any assistance from either Great
Britain or Russia.
The military situation has now
changed. The Russians are In o posi-
ton to knock out Romania and 60 to the
Danube whenever they choose. The
traditionally pro-Ruasian Bulgarian
people are looking for . chance to get
rid Of the pro-Nazi government and Join
the AllieG Some Of the Nazi diviainrs
stationed In that country are said to
have been withdrawn to other areas
where there is greater need for them.
The remainder, according to reports
from Sofia, where the Soviets still have
diplomatic representation, do not pos
sess their same old fighting spirit.
The British fleet has ended all major
operations In the Mediterranean. It
could now be used In conjunction with
aviation for action In the Aegean Sea,
where the German-held islands still
form barrier against British shipping
entering the Dardanelles. Six months
ago, while the main Allied forces in the
Mediterranean had to be employed to
Tight the Germans In Italy, the British
failed In their attempts to clean up the
German garrisons from the key Aegean
islands which guard the mouths of the
straits.
The Russians have recovered al their
territory. The ports Of Odessa and
Sevastopol, while still In bad shape be-
Evening star., 1944-08-03

front, one Of their four army groups
that Of the center. under Field Mar
shal Busch) has virtually ceased to
exist. Probably 10 to 25 Of it, divisions
have been captured or destroyed. The
northern army group, under Col. Gen.
L1ndemann, has been cut into two. A
part Of 1t, probably 20 divisions, Is
being backed up against the sea in
Northern LAtvia and Estonia. The
remainder, 10 divisions or 20, appears
to have joined with the remnants Of
Busch's force to take up front defend
ing East Prussia and the line Of the
River Narew from the East Prussian
border down to the vicinity Of Warsaw.
The southern group (Field Marshal
Won ModD lost three or four divisions
trapped west Of Brody and probably one
or two In Lwow, but Is otherwise intact,
holding the line Of the Vistula from
Warsaw south toward the Carpathians.
It has probably been reinforced on its
right by Hungarian Troops. Finally,
there Is the army group Of Col. Gen.
Schooner which holds Romania. It has
not been fighting heavily Of late, but
has probably been drawn upon to re-
inforce the others. The total German
losses In divisions on the Russian front
since May thus come to about 30 all
told, plus the loss to the defense Of
Germany proper Of the 20 divisions
trapped In the Baltic States.
In italy the net German loss since
May may be placed at the equivalent
Of Is divisions. Most Of the divisions
which were originally there stin exist
In name, but have been % reduced In
strength as to be mere fragments hardly
equal to reinforced regiments.
In Normandy, the Germans have had
ut least six divisions DESTROYED and
suffered severe losses In others. This
Is, Of course, only . beginning, for the
perils which face the German armies In
France Is the Allied forces break out
Of the Normandy Peninsula are far
greater than those which they have
hitherto underDDne In that theater.
To sum 1t up, the Germans since
May have lost approximately 50 d.
visions out Of 320; In addition 70 which
they have lost vast quantities q equip
ment Of al sorts, In their precipitate
retreats In Italy and Russia.
With their navy and air force beaten,
GermanyS dependence now must b
on the remains Of the German Army.
plus the special Weapons which appear
TO b IN course Of dsyelopment. with
thaso forces, Germany may be Ab1e 70
impose some further delay On fhe tEo-
mend0gls aggregation of united power
which = closing In upon her frum ovsgy
Gidas but cannot hope to defsat that
poWef On any front.
(ce0gFisht 1e4A New Yesk Tfibuns. neJ
Evening star., 1944-08-03

issue Of white supremacy" when the
presidential drive was on to purge"
Democratic Senators who had opposed
the President, particularly On the Su-
preme Court packing bill.
Senator Smith, like many other men
In public life, went to the well once too
often. No Senator can serve - long ~
he has without alternating some Of the
voters. How much his defeat Is to be
considered . victory for Mr.. Roosevelt
remains to be seen.
This seems to be q year of change
In the American political and govern
mental picture The Democratic party,
seemingly with the assent II not the
actual approval Of the White House, has
just ditched Mr.. Roosevelts running
mate Of 1o40-Vice President wallace
The Republican party has cast aside its
Old Guard leadership and nominated as
its standard bearer not only it, youngest
candidate but also . candidate OF en-
tirely different breed, Gov. Dewey Of
New York.
Out OF the Senate are going, in addi-
.tion to Senators Smith and Caraway,
the isolationist Senator Reynolds Of
North Carolina-who did not seek re-
nomination; Senator Bone Of Wash.
ington, who has been appointed to .
federal tudgeship; Senator Holman Of
Oregon, Republican, who was defeated
for denomination; Senator Clark Of
Idaho, Democrat, also an isolAttonist,
who lost the nomination to . former
cowboy, Glen II. Taylor; Senator Jack
son OF Indiana, Democrat, who IL run
ming for Governor while Gov. Schricker,
another Democrat, has been nominated
for the Senate; Senator Walsh Of New
Jersey, Democrat, who did not seek the
nomination, and Senator Clark of Mis-
souri,, another primary casualty.
Other Senators win fail to turn up to
take the oath Of ONCE In the new Con-
gress, either because Of failure Of re-
nomination or because Of defeat In the
general election.
Evening star., 1944-08-03
General StiIweII

It Is fitting that President Roose-
velt has nominated Lieutenant
General Joseph w. Stilwell to be-
come a full general. The promo
ton is at once a reward for past
performances and an indication
that great events are in the max
ing on the mainland of Asia.
Known affectionately to his troops
as Uncle Joe" and "Vinegar Joe,"
the salty Stilwell has proved him
self to be one Of the ablest and
"fghtingest" commanders in the
war. In May two years ago, after
a heartbreaking struggle against
enormous odds, he came out of
Burma bluntly declaring that we
had suffered "a hell Of beating" !"
but that did not make him any the
less buoyant or offensive-minded.
The day would come, he said, when
he would go back to Burma and re-
take it, and he is even now in the
process of doing that very thing.
The Japanese are only too well
aware Of it; since early this year,
in the Northern Burmese jungles,
they have lost at least $4,000 troops
to his mixed Chinese and Amer
tcan forces.
But the heartening comeback in
Burma is merely one measure OF
General Stilwell's contribution. As
Generalissimo Chiang's chief Of
stan, as hrm and enthusiastic be-
lever In the lighting qualities of
the Chinese soldier, and as an old
friend and student of China, he has
done perhaps more than any other
ene man to sustain the faith Of
Evening star., 1944-08-03

cauDo of the German destxucticOs, can
~ utilised partially q naval bases.
ThA Turkish deet, unimpogtant - II
appears because q IT. s11e, can operate
freely IN conjunction With the Red neet
In The Black Sea IN spite Of the presence
Of g number Of German submarines and
fast destroyers ct OonstApxa. Duryas
and varnA. II u IN . position 70 defend
European Turkey from the -. Accord
ing to the latest available reports, the
entire Turkish neet, headed BY the
nodernixed battle-cruiser YAvuS-for-
merly the German 0oeben-which made
. dramatic dash into 1nstanbul II 1914
has been concentrated since July 81 In
the Bosporus ready to put out for the
Black SeA. Four Of Turkeys 10 de-
stroyers are modern ships completed in
1917.
The Turkish Army u believed to mum.
Der about 1000, ,O0O It lacks suficient
arnor and aviation. The bulk Is con-
centrated IN Asiatic Turkey. Early this
year such q force could have hardly
hoped to fight . successful battle against
the German Bulgarian divisions. Now,
however, when the Bulgarians are ready
to switch over 70 the Allies and the
Germans are fighting with their backs to
the wall on the western front and on
the eastern frontiers Of the Reich, the
Turks feel that their former capital u
no longer menaced and that they could
contribute to the final victory Of the
Allies by moving into Bulgaria from
Thrace.
Last year there were about four divi-
sions in that region. It Is probable that
the number of the first-line troops there
has now been substantially increased.
A Turkish formal declaration Of war
against the Axis u expected to follow the
break in diplomatic relations. Unless
the Turks intended to Jump on the
Allied bandwagon, there was no reason
why the existing diplomatic relations
with the Reich should have been severed.
The immediate advantage Of the
Allies from such an action of the Ankara
government Is that the British aviation
viii have the airnelds In Asia Minor at
its disposal. British planes and troop
carriers can descend with greater ease
on the 0erman-held garrisons In the
Aegean. Their capture viii open UP
communications between the Nediter-
ranean and the Black Sea. The Allied
forces then will be In 4 position to
undertake major operations against the
southern belly Of the European fortress
and another gate viii be open for the
Allies to advance toward the heart Of
the Reich from the south.
Evening star., 1944-08-03

his countrymen Is the savior Of
Finland In the troubled times OF the
last World War when 1t gained It's
independence. However, Manner
helm did this by defeating the
troops Of the then new Soviet Union
and by crushing the local Com-
munists who tried to establish Z Red
regime. With such background,
Mannerheim would hardly seem to
qualify With Moscow ~ ! peace dove.
Yet reliable advices from Stock
holm and elsewhere intimate that
assurances were given him that
peace overtures from him would be
received.
However. the strangest aspect of
the whole affair Is the complacent
attitude OF Berlin. which appears
undisturbed at Mannerheim,s as
sumption OF exceptional powers, be-
cause, as q German news agency
puts 1t. '.he earlier has shown that
all his decisions are based on ex-
perience and deliberation." With
Helsinki, Moscow and Berlin all
seemingly favorable, Mannerheim
appears to have won unanimous ap-
proval. But that does not explain
the situation. It makes it all the
more battling. The apparent enigma
will doubtless be resolved by the
immediate course Of events. But the
logical deduction is that much must
be going on behind the diplomatic
curtains. For that matter. some
what the same is true of Turkeys
cautious maneuvers in the no mans
land between neutrality and bellig-
erency. The war IS entering a twi-
light zone where almost anything
may happen and nothing should be
a complete surprise.
Evening star., 1944-08-03
Down Willows

DoscS DIP the ,DiIIoscs,
The tsdtheSy sClllosos.
D0lOH to the siluer r-gilf,
Siluer spit styeaxss
BGnke6 by grseR biIlosps
OF ro9nd moesy ptHosrs
Whsye the sllsW u6Ilo,Os
Dream stlsss-bst1t drssms
Tiu the soft blopixs
OF 61DN's Moht sDisds bJosuinG
St3rs Into lGxghtsw
1he bo3gha leiR ssleep
And sxsJt0h& sfyse1ss, 9lseoiae
AA1 bright sCftb the kneutn1
That none kSoD Nte aDtlIoue
Who thtsk tAst thsv sceep.
xTHlE 8ARNETT DE VIII
Evening star., 1944-08-03
PhiIudeIphiu Crisis

Inc unhappy consequences O1 The
attempt to upgrade eight Negro
transportation workers in Philadel-
phia illustrate only too clearly the
difficulties and dangers attending
the effort to eliminate economic
discrimination resulting from racial
prejudice. And they also suggest
that this is a problem which cannot
be solved by resort to false pretenses,
but which must be faced squarely.
The eight Negroes involved in this
instance had been working as porters
for the Philadelphia Transportation
Company, and were given the status
of operators at the insistence OF the
Fair Employment Practices Commit
tee and the War Manpower Com
mission. OStensibly, this was done
to alleviate a war manpower Short
age by promoting full use of avail
able men, regardless of race or color.
1t is clear. however, that the overall
result has been decidedly harmful
to the war effort.
When the eight Negro operators
were to be taken out for their first
trial runs, 5000 white operators
refused to work. This resulted in a
complete shutdown of the city's
public transportation facilities, caus-
ing a loss of working time in vital
Philadelphia war plants which has
done far more damage to the
Nations war effort than can ever be
compensated for by the successful
employment Of eight, or 800, Negro
transportation operators. In addi-
ton, there have been ominous flare
ups of racial violence and widespread
property damage in the city.
In circumstances such as these, it
seems perfectly evident that equal
economic treatment Of Negroes, rest
ing on governmental compulsion,
will injure rather than aid the war
effort. And it also seems clear that
the Negroes can derive no real
benefit from tying equality of job
opportunity to the war, because the
end Of the war would automatically
destroy the foundation of any gains
which might have been made.
Our real need is for a frank and
candid approach to this problem.
Public officials ought not to pretend
that they are upgrading Negroes to
aid the war effort, when the fact is
that both the war effort and the
long-range interests Of the Negroes
are being injured. The problem, If
it is to be solved, must find its solu-
ton in recognition of the truth that
members of minority groups, either
in time Of peace or war, cannot
justly be denied the opportunity to
work at jobs they are qualified to
fill. There is no doubt that Negroes
are the victims Of injustice in this
respect at this time. And it may be
that continuing Injustice will result
in continued discrimination for some
time to come. But discrimination
cannot be practiced forever. Sooner
or later, and the sooner the better,
we will learn that our racial and
religious minorities will have to be
given the economic opportunities to
which their talents and training
entitle them. This is the end toward
which we should be working, and
we will make more real progress il
we face the facts as they are and
conduct ourselves accordingly.
Evening star., 1944-08-03
The War and Optimism

1Iuuc MlulSLeE CQufcQ1lIS latest
war review, though it includes grim
comment on the flying bomb and
on the possibility that the Nazis
may yet resort to even more deadly
weapons, is the most confident and
optimistic he has given since the
dark days of blood, sweat, toll and
tears" Victory in Europe, he says,
may come perhaps soon," and "the
interval between the defeat of Hit
Ter and the defeat of Japan will be
shorter-perhaps much shorter
than had at one time supposed" !"
Mr.. Churchill makes plain that
he does not want to raise false
hopes. Like General Somervell and
other American leaders, whose Job
Is to worry about supplying the
armed forces and keeping war pro-
duction up to schedule, he Is
anxious to guard against any re-
taxation on the home front. But
the thunder and logic of great mill
tary events are nevertheless too
loud and clear to be denied or be-
Titled, so that it is virtually i'm
possible to bride the spirit of
optimism soaring among Allied
peoples. The best one can do is
to caution against complacency and
to emphasize that by sparing no
effort now, by exploiting to the full
our present far-reaching battle
gains, the day of victory can be
appreciably hastened.
The flow of war. on almost everv
front should in itself be a stimulus
to such effort. On all the seas of
the world, our American and Allied
might is supreme. Our air power,
especially over Hitler's Fortress
Europe" grows ever more formi-
dable. In Burma and among the
islands OF the Pacific, the Japanese
feel the moose being drawn tighter
and tighter around their necks. In
Italy our forces continue their in
exorable march northward to drive
out and destroy all of Kesselring's
battered divisions. In France the
smashing offensive by British,
Canadian and United States troops
now promises to engulf the Nazis
In disaster as great as any since
Stalingrad. And in the Baltic area.
in East Prussia, in Poland, the in
splred Russians - who, as Mr..
Churchill says, "have done the
most work tearing the CUTS out of
the German Army"-sweep all be-
fore them with amazing speed.
In short, in Mr.. Churchill's words.
the armies of Germany and Japan
are recoiling all over the world.
And this towering fact, taken to-
gether with what is happening
inside the Reich and among Hitler's
crumbling satellites and with what
is likely to happen when the full
weight OF Allied power can be con-
centrateo against the japanese,
makes optimism not only natural
but inescapable. 1t is a reasonable
optimism based on the realities, and
as long as it remains reasonable.
it should serve as an incentive to
every intelligent adult to work
harder than ever to get the war
over with even faster than events
themselves now promise. In any
case, as Mr.. Churchill makes clear,
the prospect before us is undeniably
bright and it will become brighter
still If all of us behind the lines
make the most of it by going all
out in support of the great and
brave armies that have made it
possible.
Evening star., 1944-08-03
Moderation Wanted
By DSyil LassrsSc
From the windsor star.

The cause Of racial tolerance will not
be served by unfurling . ready-made
banner and crying persecution every
time some member Of minority group
gets into trouble. It is by such acts that
racial intolerance IS fed. Some exercise
OF judgment is . primary need.
Evening star., 1944-08-03

1t IS almost impossible for Rus
slams to make any permanent dent
in Nazi lines these days. With fiend-
ish ingenuity, the Nazis promptly
pull back the flanks of the salient
until the penetration no longer
shows.
Evening star., 1944-08-03
Improvement Expected
From the Pathfinder

The young men win come back looking
Tor . better Ourtown like the one they
remember In their dreams. Envisoned
from foxholes ct Anxio, Cassino, Quad.
alcanal and Myitkyina, Ourtown became
glorifed and took on . grandeur that
mustn't be let down.
Evening star., 1944-08-03

One great difference between Rip
ley's auditors and those of Goebbels
Is that the former can believe it or
not, while the latter must believe 1t
or else.
Evening star., 1944-08-03

A report from Seidlitz, in Austria,
says that many inhabitants have
fled the town. 1t would be natural
for them to take a powder.
Evening star., 1944-08-03

Gasoline, first used as a cleaning
fluid, now has a bigger task than
ever in cleaning up European and
Asiatic blots on civilization.
Evening star., 1944-08-03
Letters to The Star
American SELF fhtsousnsss'
Held Irritatinf % world


Held Irritating 70 World L
"a the 1ditor of n aeaf:
Bsfore We 50 straight u Heaven fcr
our purity Of heart In keeping racial
issues out Of political campaigns, q ex-
emplifed In Gov. Dewey's chastening
Of Representative Fish, allow me to
make Z few remarks from the devils
side. Mr.. Fishs crime was IN giving his
opinion that most Jews arr Tor the New
Deal. Hcinous7 We should not be sHr-
prised ct Gov. Deweys gallant cutburst
In defense Of Righteousness, because
some nonsense ID to b expected from
politicians running for once and Mr..
Dewey still may be . pretty fair candf-
date.
But 4 few Of those superminds, the
news commentators, doubled their halos
and declared their great indignation
at the horrible offense. / wonder II
they have ever said that the New Deal
has most Of the Negro vote or that the
Republicans are trying to get It back:
or that the United States attitude to-
ward the Polish-Soviet problem involves
the Polish vote. The results Of polls
among Negroes have appeared In print
from time to time. Anything wrong in
that? Do Republican and Democratic
headquarters take account Of such polls?
Why did the two parties put Zionist
planks in their platforms? Is any one
so naive as to believe that II there
were many Arabs in the United States
these planks would be in the platforms?
Such planks, although not taken seri-
ously at home or otherwise abroad, ir-
ritste the British. They see in them our
old habit Of sermonizing to others
while We keep clear Of responsibility.
Neither Republicans nor Democrats
would be willing to send American
troops to hold back the Arabs while
Jews build . nation in Palestine. The
British think: Why expect British sol
diers to do 1t?
1t would help If we considered the
possibility that the world may be get
ting little fed up on our persistent and
inconsistent display of self-righteous-
ness. AUGUST T. WELVEN.
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1944-08-17
Calendar ofCo"ing Gvenh
THURSDAY, AUGUST II

THURSDAY, AUGUST II
DANCE FOR SERVICE MEN and women at USO on Broad
way $50 pm. Sefrdge Field Orchestra will furnish
music.
F. O. E. will meet at Aere Hall at pm
LADIES AUXILIARY Oskar Andreas Post Games Party
at VIEW. Hall at pm.
AMERICAN LEGION Auxiliary will meet at the home OF
Mrs CASTOR Vermeulen, 154 Floral avenue at pm.
friday AUGUST Is
I O. o. F. will in Barron Hall at p. m.
F. O. E. LADIES' AUXILIARY will hold a rummage sale in
the Matthews building, SO N. Broadway.
PRESBYTERIAN WOMEN'S MISSIONARY Society will meet
with Mrs. Sonnenberg, 100 Miller street at
2.30 p. m.
LADIES FRIDAY Night Bowling League meeting at the Ma
comb Recreation at pm.
TRINITY LADIES AID 2 will meet with Mrs William
Klemm, North Graiot avenue at pm.
SATURDAY, AUGUST 10
F. O. E. LADIES AUXILIARY will hold rummage sale in
the Matthews building SO N. Broadway.
MASONIC SERVICE CENTER party for service men
and at Masonic Temple. Refreshments.
SUNDAY, AUGUST 20
BUFFET SUPPER for Service and wives and women OF
the armed forces at USO on Broadway from until
p. M. followed by symphony hour.
MASONIC SERVICE CENTER for service their
wives and mothers at Masonic Temple at pm.
MONDAY, AUGUST Il
LADIES AUXILIARY of OSkar Andrcas Post Games Party at
" F. W. Hall at pm.