davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1944-04-09
Public Library
Book Pointers
FACT AND FICTION OF
HOUSING.
By Genevieve M. Cowlinp
Simha,
Adviser, Sociology Division, Public Library

Adviser, Sociology Division, Public Library
There has been an evolution In
peoples thinking about housing
First. a consciousness was born that
housing could be bettered Then
followed the debate of public versus
private building. Now, with the DO
tential demand for dwellings in the
postwar period, thought is being
given to the kinds of homes to be
built. Architectural planning has
had to consider slum clearance and
the effects of housing on juvenile
delinquency and public health.
Seven Myths OF Housing" by
Nathan Straus, is a study of exist
ing problems with an outline OF
solution through public housing
Herman Kobbe shows that healthy
living can be furthered by careful
architectural designing in Housing
and Regional Planning" Cleveland
Rodgers, in New York Plans for
the Future" aims at eliminating
slun1s. Jose Sert refers also to New
York as well as other large cities
OF the present and future in the
volume, Can Our Cities Survive?'
In The City, Its Growth, It's Decay
It's Future" Eliel Saarinen, realiz-
Ing the new social and cultural as
poets Of housing, stresses need, too
for ideas which may be both con-
structive and lasting. Juvenile De-
linquency and Urban Areas" by
Clifford r. Shaw and Henry D. Nc
Kay, Is an approach to planning
with a specific problem in mind
THE Housing Yearbook" Of the Ma
tional Association Of Housing ON
cials gives an overall picture OF
the whole subject.
These and other books on hous-
ing are available at the Public i-
brary. Eighth and K streets NV,
az through itS branches.
Evening star., 1944-04-09

Spring is here, invasion time is
nea1-so the question, what will
the weather be along Europe's
western coast?
Good. quite good, says the
weather division Of the United
States Department of Agricul-
ture, If rainfall this year is nor
NAL.
The precipitation from Norway
to Spain in April and May aver
ages LAG to 4.49 per month. This
is described by the weather divi-
sion as spring showers which in
many cases are dried quickly by
warm rays OF sun.
Texture of soil and terrain of
land, in addition to the rainfall,
however, make offensive thrusts
less promising in some directions.
Here is the situation, ranging
from Southern Norway south to
the Spanish border:
Southern Norway Unfavor-
able for early invasion attempt.
Somewhat more rainfall than
Evening star., 1944-04-09
For the Mystery Fans
3rtef Reuiefps of Currenf

bTIeJ HeDfetCS OF current
Detective Fiction.
The Walls Came Tumblinx Down,
by 10 Eisinger Coward -McCann)-
New York murder with . colunnist
detective. Average.
The Triple Cross Murders, By
Amelia Reynolds Long (Ziff-Davis)
Mysterious disappearances solved
by-for 81 change pair Of sleuths
working sogether. Amusing.
Death Ms Like That, by John Spain
(Duttonf f~-Death mixed up with
crooked politics in California.
Average.
Red Is for Murder, by Phyllis A.
Whitney (ziff-Davis)-Death in .
big depar artment store. Pretty good.
Stalk she Hunter, by Mitchell vii.
son (Shnon e. Schuster) )-Naxi
agents ssain. Foiled by q beautiful
girl, toe. Pretty good.
x Marks the Dot, by Muriel Stat.
ford Gaaell. Sloan a. Pearce)-
Death in newspaper ONCE. Solved
by a LACY graphologist. Average.
The I,ady In the Lake, by Ray.
mond Chandler Knopf)-A dan
gerous .oman disappears and q
country constable makes the inVes.
tigators look silly. Average.
Going Going, Gone, by Phoebe
Atwood Taylor Observation-Disclosures
Asey Mayo, with a New England
background. Usual.
Murdef in Havana, by George
Harmon Coke Knopf) pf)-Mystery In
volving spies. refugees and so on,
with American hero. Fair going.
Evening star., 1944-04-09

bleached forested (cut over area
previously enriched by forest
humus) ideal in dry weather.
There is a mixture of soft lime
stone here making a gooey tex
ture, when wet, that renders We
hicular movement almost impos-
sible and foot movement difficult.
Drys to soft powder. There are
many good highways in this area
which, If left intact, would rem
der soil difficulties negligible.
Southern France - Mostly
bleacbed forested soils with lit
tie soft limestone mixture. Az
erage rainfall for April and May
is 2.50-2.86 inches. Soil is fairly
loose, springy, dries well, offering
fewer obstacles to vehicular and
foot movement.
On the other European fronts
Italy and Observation-Disclosures
are that weather will be favor
able for the Allies in Italy and
more difficult this spring for the
Russians,
Evening star., 1944-04-09

primary to pay a poll tax. Every
person who does so pay and who
has the qualifications of age and
residence Is an acceptable voter for
the primary. ." Texas requires
by the law the election of the county
officers OF a party. These compose
the County Executive Committee.
The county chairmen so selected
are members of the District Execu-
tive Committee and choose the
chairman for the district. Precinct
primary election officers are named
by the County Executive Committee.
Statutes provide for the election
by the voters Of precinct delegates
to the county convention of a party
and the selection of delegates to
the district and State conventions
by the county convention. The
State convention selects the State
Executive Committee. No conven-
ton may place in platform or reso-
luton any demand for specific leg
lslation without endorsement of
such legislation by the voters in
the primary. Texas thus directs the
selection of all party officers.
Primary elections are conducted
by the party under State statutory
authority. ""'
We think that this statutory sys-
tenn for the selection of party nomi-
nees for inclusion on the general
election ballot makes the party
which is required to follow these
legislative directions an agency of
the State insofar as it determines
the participants in primary cleo
ton. The party takes its character
as State agency from the duties
imposed upon it by State statutes;
the duties do not become matters
OF private law because they are per-
formed by political party. If the
State requires a certain electoral
procedure, prescribes general cleo
ton ballot made up of party nomi-
nees so chosen and limits the choice
OF the electorate in general elections
Tor State offlces, practically speak
ing, to those whose names appear
on such a ballot, it endorses, adopts
and enforces the discrimination
against Negroes. practiced by a
party entrusted by Texas law with
the determination of the qualifica-
ton OF participants in the primary
This Is State action within the
meaning OF the 18th Amendment.
The United States Is a constitu-
tional democracy. It's organic law
grants to all citizens a right to
participate in the choice OF elected
omcials without restriction by any
State because of race. -"
The privilege of membership in a
party may be, as this court said in
Grovey VS.. Townsend, no concern
Of a State. But when, as here, that
privilege is also the essential quail
flcation for voting in a primary to
select nominees for a general cleo
ton, the State makes the action of
the party the action of the State.
Grovey vs.. Townsend overruled.
Evening star., 1944-04-09

mentioned in the opinion. Classic
bears upon Grovey VS.. Townsend not
because exclusion of Negroes from
primaries is any more or less State
action by reason of the unitary char
acter OF the electoral process but be-
cause the recognition of the place of
the primary in the electoral scheme
makes clear that State delegation
to party of the power to fix the
qualifications Of primary elections
is delegation of q State function
that may make the party,s action
the action Of the State. ""*
The statutes OF Texas relating to
primaries and the resolution of the
Democratic party Of Texas extend
ing the privileges of membership to
white citizens only are the same in
substance and effect today as they
were when Grovey VS.. Townsend was
decided by unanimous court. The
question as to whether the exclu-
sionary action of the party was the
action OF the State persists as the
determlnative factor. In again en-
tering upon consideration of the
inference to be drawn as to State
action from substantially similar
factual situation, it should be noted
that Grovey VS.. Townsend upheld
exclusion Of Negroes from primaries
through the denial of party mem
bership by q party convention. A
few years before this court refused
approval of exclusion by the State
Executive Committee of the party.
A different result was reached on
the theory that the committee ac-
ton was State authorized and the
convention action was unfettered by
statutory control. Such a variation
in the result from so slight a change
in form influences us to consider
anew the legal validity Of the dis
tinction which has resulted in bar
ring Negroes from participating in
the nominations OF candidates of the
Democratic party in Texas. Other
precedents of this court forbid the
abridgment Of the right to vote. =
1t may now be taken as a postu-
late that the right to vote in such
a primary for the nomination OF
candidates without discrimination
by the State, like the right to vote
in a general election, is a right Sc
cured by the Constitution. =
BY the terms of the 18th Amend
ment that right may not be abridged
by any State on account of race
Under our Constitution, the great
privilege of choosing his rulers may
not be denied a man by the State
because Of his color.
We are thus brought to an ex-
animation Of the qualifications for
Democratic primary electors in
Texas, to determine whether State
action or private action has ex-
cluded Negroes from participation
Despite Texas decision that the ex-
clusion is produced by private OF
party action, Bell vs.. Hill, Federal
courts must for themselves appraise
the facts leading 10 that conclusion
Texas requires electors in q
Evening star., 1944-04-09

ment such as deals between nations
to the detriment of others.
Such barriers work against peace
because all countries have q basic
economic problem in common-they
must find outlets for surplus goods.
When you deprive a neighbor of
such an outlet by raising. q barrier
against his goods, he does the same
thing against yours because: If he
can't sell, he can't buy-other things
being equal. No money, you see.
This sort of thing can go on until
no country wants to buy from any
other. Bitterness develops.
This doesn't necessarily mean
war, but it often causes unemploy-
ment and breadlines, and these are
among the conditions for war.
All this does not mean there
should be free trade right of.
(Secretary Of State Cordell Hull
has pointed out that free trade,
suddenly brought about, might
cause worse chaos through cut
throat competition than what al
ready exists.)
Called Insurance Against War.
But 1t does mean trade co-opera-
ton among nations, working to-
gether to reduce barriers among
themselves sensibly and in as pain
less q manner as possible.
Such q policy would pay Ameri-
cans both Immediately and In the
long run, the State Department fig.
ures, because:
l. It would be insurance against
another war. There are those who
think this Nation couldn't stand
another war and remain a de-
mocracy.
2. 1t would provide a permanent
expanding market for American
surplus production.
Farmers must look to world mar.
kets to dispose Of their surplus, and
manufacturers after the war are
going to need peacetime markets
on an unprecedented scale. Labor
looks to expanding industry based
on bigger. more cooperative world
trade, for opportunities to improve
It's status.
Evening star., 1944-04-09
By Msry.csrfs, Roberts.
Russio and the United Stdtes
By Pitiyirn A. Soroktn, fDut-
TOM

Russi0 and the United Stdtes
BY Pitiyin A. Soroktn. fDut-
ton.)
Most recent books on Russia have
been written by Journalists, profes-
sional historians or prcpagandtsts.
Here, in "Russia and the United
States" we have the viewpoint Of q
sociologist who writes with the dual
advantage Of being well known IN
the United States as an authority
in his field and OF being born and
educated In Russia.
Prof. Sorokdn, who Is now chair
man Of the Department Of Sociology
at Harvard, has been In the United
States since shortly after the Boil
shevik revolution, or long enough to
know this country. But he was well
mature--in fact, he had held several
university professorships and served
briefly in Kerensky's cabinet-be-
fore leaving his native land, where,
las political prisoner, he saw the
inside Of both Czarist and Com
|munist prisons and, incidentally,
|prefers the former.
So much for the authors qualifi.
cations and background, which are
impressive.
Prof. Sorokin's thesis, which he
|argues with considerable persuasive
ness, Is that the main hope Of
stability In the postwar world lies
In close Russian-American cooper
alton.
THE chances Of such cooperation
are better" he writes, "and those
Of an armed conflict are snghter,
than the respective chances In the
relations of either Of these coun-
tries and any other great power.
Without the cooperation Of
these two nations no lasting peace
/ is possible. II o new and nobler
social order Is to emerge from this
tragic war the United States. and
Russia must play leading role In
the work Of reconstruction; and
Russia will discharge its mission
faithfully and wholeheartedly."
Bulwarking his thesis, the author
points out that the long period of
unbroken peace between the two
nations is extraordinary in the re-
lations Of great powers. He SCOTS
at the idea that Americans and
Russians are far apart in their basic
outlook on life. contending that
tsave during the destructive phase"
Of the Russian revolution the two
peoples have shown marked similar.
lity in their attitude toward religion,
lpolitics and literature. He regards
both America and Russia as highly
creative countries which, ut the
moment, are adding more than any
others to the treasures Of civfliza.
| tion.
Readers may find some Of Prof.
Sorokin's side journeys into his Pc
culiar realm Of sociology bit OBJ
tuse, but, in general, the book is
well reasoned, clearly written and
thought provoking;
JOSEPH n. BAIRD.
Evening star., 1944-04-09
US. to Face Real Puzzle =.
In Postwar World Trade
By James D. White.

The Yankee, known around the
world as trader, soon will face
difdcult problem-what to do about
world trade.
Lease-lend, which has taught
millions In other countries how
American goods taste, feel and wear,
will fade with the war. But in each
lease-lend agreement is a clause
whereby the contracting nations
agree to lower tariffs and promote
mutual peaceful trade.
Foreign trade in the past has
been something of a sideline for this
country; in the future, it may mean
the difference between prosperity or
poverty for millions of Americans.
In foreign trade, you run into
other countries with different ideas
different economic systems.
The Russians, to take an out
standing example, will enter the
postwar trade field as one huge
government-controlled corporation.
The British, long dependent upon
foreign trade, plan to retain what
they can of world markets, and
lean to the cartel system (mutual
agreements on division of business)
as the answer for aonsocialistic
states which would compete.
State Departments Ideas.
How will the United States, land
Of the free but also home of the
trust-buster and the protective
tariff, At into such q picture?
The Department of State has
ideas about these things sort OF
Abe OF the economic facts of life
Here they are, as outlined by
Harry G. Hawkins, director of the
departments new Once of Economic
Affairs which is much concerned
with plans for postwar trade:
No political and military struc-
ture for maintaining peace can
stand for long If nations engage in
trade warfare, with methods only
slightly less unfriendly in effect
than the cut-throat economic tao
tics used against an enemy In time
|of war.
These methods are largely the
trade barriers which nations set up
to protect their own commerce
tariffs, quotas, discriminatory treat
Evening star., 1944-04-09

was given the Pas-de- Calais section
and airfields in Northern France.
Dwarfed by the announcement of
the accomplishments Of the raid on
the Palaus, American naval and
Army forces kept up . constant
harrasSment of the Japanese
throughout the Central Pacific and
in the Bismarck Sea area.
Belated reports received Monday
told Of raids on Truk and Ponape on
the previous Wednesday. It marked
the eighth raid on Truk in four
days and the 21st ut Ponape. Woleai
in the Carolines was bombed Mon
day by Gen. MacArthur's flyers and
Rabaul took another 200 tons at
about the same time.
Tuesday it was reported that 10
more atolls on the Marshalls had
been taken over, leaving only Jaluit
Wolfe, Mill and Maloelap in Japa-
nese hands.
BY Thursday, Ponape had under
gone its 9th raid and to the north,
other American bombers sank q me-
dium-sized cargo ship in Z raid on
Wake Island. Far to the south, Ra-
baul took its daily pasting and other
bombers, smashing at Wewak, on
New Guinea, reported not even q
single antiaircraft shell was thrown
up to divert them.
Rambuyto, largest Of the Admir-
atty Islands, was occupied during
the week.
Hollandia Heavily Raided.
Friday it was reported that $50
planes had bombed Hollandia, i'm
Iportant Jap airbase west of Wewak,
where previously 2sS enemy planes
had deem destroyed. Fridays raid,
which saw $40 tons Of bombs
dropped, was said to have caused
wide destruction to fuel and other
supply dumps and to various facili-
ties of the base.
Other bombers hitting over q wide
area, struck at Japanese installa-
tions on Dutch Timor, almost due
north Of Port Darwin in Australia.
1t was revealed in Washington
that American subs which have car
ried on q highly successful war Oh
attrition against Japanese shipping
had bagged IA more enemy vessels
Including two tankers.
In India, japanese forces striking
at Allied supply lines were reported
closing in on Imphal both from the
north and the South. -Four column.
are moving in, two above and two
below, and one is dangerously clos.
to Imphal. However, the British
still give no signs Of undue concerr
over the developments, being con.
tent TO await the outcome Of tn,
action when the Japs come face te
face with the main British forces.
The American and Chinese forces
driving down from the north ar,
still making progress although tn.
main railroad line Of supply to Gen
Stilwell's column is in some danger
A train Of gliders, commanded by
Maj. William Taylor of Washington
has landed deep in the jungle tt
bring supplies and other aid to {
British column now battling it.
way through the jungle without
supplies. The force, which has movee
100 miles deep in Japanese-occupiet
territory, wanted heavy road equip.
ment to prepare q landing field fol
transport planes. The gliders me-
the need and work was started q
once.
Evening star., 1944-04-09

prevalent farther south with an
average of 10 to 4.49 inches per
month in April and May. Fairly
mountainous, too much snow
and too much thaW. Land won't
dry out until latter April. The
thin soil of mountain ranges
does dry fast once 1t starts.
Denmark Netherlands Aver
age monthly rainfall for April
Evening star., 1944-04-09

and May is 1901 90 inches. Soil
Is OF reclaimed sea marshes and
soft humus; does not dry easily.
Is spongy and unfavorable for
vehicles. The Germans were re-
ported flooding vast areas In
Holland.
Belgium Northern France Ito
PariO Rainfall 1.65-2.09 a
month. Texture Of soil mostly
Evening star., 1944-04-09
The Harvest Is Late
By J. Hyatt Do,Dninu.

fOtD.)
The blurb on the jacket Of this
novel says: In these days, when
America is facing another postwar
period, the story of Peter Oliver will
be an inspiration to all readers old
enough to see life whole, and young
enough to be hopeful about what
they are seeing" And this is one
blurb that can be marked down as
100 per cent accurate.
Peter, at As, is the leading banker
in the typical South Dakota town of
Acadia. He loves his daughter
Mignon and his farm Sundown and
manages to tolerate his wife and the
two other daughters who take after
her. He is liked and respected.
Then woman doctor comes into
his life, just ahead Of the land boom
that begins toward the end Of the
First World War. In the collapse
that follows, the physician, Lydia
Bracken, gives him the love and
loyalty that he needs.
This is the story Of the testing of
a mans character and Mr.. Downing
tells it Interestingly and convincing
ly. He makes Of 1t, IS the jacket
promises. "an inspiration to al
readers" PHILIP II. LOVE.
Evening star., 1944-04-09
Best Sellers
FICTION.


|. Smith.
The Robe, by Lloyd c. Doug
las.
The Lost Week End, by
Charles Jackson.
A Tree Grows in Brooklyn, by
Betty Smith.
Bedford Village, by Hervey
Allen.
NONFICTION.
Good Night, Sweet Prince, by
Gene Fowler.
The Curtain Rises, by Quen-
tin Reynolds.
Tarawa, by Robert Sherrod.
Washington Broadcast, by the
Man at the Microphone.
Here Is Your War, by Ernie
Pyle.
Evening star., 1944-04-09
The Big Bosses
By Charles Van Depander.
(Ho1ceH, Seskin.)

Americas outstanding political
bosses, and the machines which they
control, are examined in this study
Of their effects on national and
State elections. It does not attempt
to outline any Of the causes Of boss.
ism" as did Lincoln Stefiens' muck
raking works. It is factual reporting
Of persona lities, not an attempt to
discover d trend or draw . moral.
AS such, II gives an interesting and
timely description Of the men and
organizations who viii count for 10
much in The coming campaign.
Mr.. Van Devander, q New York
newspaperrnan now stationed here,
spends q little too much. time In
dealing with New York City and
State afiairs to give the book q
Nationwide appeal. But he has
drawn GOOD picture. Mayor Hague,
Boss Crump, Edward J. Flynn,
Joseph n. Pew, jr., Mayor Kelly Of
Chicago and many others parade
through the books pages in al their
glory"
Aside from its popular appeal. MH
Van Devander seems to have pro.
duced . good source work for par.
sons doing research In American
politics. He has carefully Included
reports on many election results TO
demonstrate the impact Of controlled
votes on State and local affairs.
The lack Of an index, however,
lessons its value.
Evening star., 1944-04-09
UssR
BY Walter Du,dnty. Itppin-
USsR

This is q history OF Russia,s prog
ress In Communism. 1t covers the
well-known periods-the fall of the
Czarist government, the Kerensky
regime, the taking over by Lenin,
the civil wars, the NEP, the Trotsky-
stain conflict, the five-year plan,
the treason trials" the purges, the
present. Also are examined the
Soviet attitude toward religion,
toward women and toward foreign
relations. 1t energes rs a brutal
record in which human life has
been deemed as nothing and the
state as everything, in which Justice,
as We know it, has not existed but
only as a standard relative to the
states interest.
This does not mean that Walter
Duranty has suddenly turned into
an unfricndly reporter of the coun-
try to which he has devoted so many
years. On the contrary, he justifies
the brutality as we'll as he can at
every step. To his readers he issues
the warning that nothing done In
Russia can be judged by the stand
ards Of western civilization. BY Rus
sian standards, however, what has
been done is wise and well.
A case In point is the famine"
in which four or five million peas
ants starved after their food SUP
plies had been forcibly taken from
them by state ofncials. Mr.. Duranty
says the seizure was necessary be-
cause Japan was about to attack
and the army needed food reserves.
The deaths of the peasants were re-
grettable, OF course. But by the
building up of the army Japarl's at
tack was STAYED of. So the famine
was all right, after all.