davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1944-01-12
Count Ciuno

AOunT SIOnO
Whether or not Count Galeazzo
Ciano actually has been "liquidated"
may be subject of discussion for
months to come. Perhaps the truth
about his fate may not be known
until long after the end of the war.
Reports of his death by violence of
one sort or another have been re-
ceived from different parts of Europe
repeatedly during the past two years.
Possibly the story now printed is
true. If so, remarkable career has
closed.
Count Ciano was native of Livor-
no, born March 18, 1908. His father
was active in the Fascist movement
from its start. The son joined in the
"black shirt" march on Rome in 1922.
Mussolini favored his early propa-
ganda endeavorS. He was editor of
Tribuna and Nuovo Paese Impero
before he entered the diplomatic
service in 1925. Assigned first to
Rio de Janeiro and then to Buenos
Aires, he acquired the experience he
was supposed to need for more i'm
portant designations. II Duce con-
sented to his marriage to his daugh-
ter, the glamorous Edda, in 1890.
Not Immediately, however, did Mus
Solini indicate his intention to train
up a potential successor. Young
Galeazzo, meanwhile, went out to
Shanghai, in China, for further
schooling in statecraft.
He was summoned home in 1888 to
be chief of the government press
bureau-a post he held under va
riouS titles until he was named
Minister for Foreign Affairs in June,
1886. 1t was at the moment of that
appointment that his star attained
its loftiest height. For while the
whole world watched him as the
heir apparent" of the Fascist die
tator. He was only thirty three,
handsome, incredibly rich, ambi-
tious, intelligent and brave. But
Adolf Hitler did not like him. BY
the time of the outbreak of the war
it was common gossip in Rome, as
we'll as in Berlin, that Der Fuehrer
had no use" for the opposite num-
ber" of Joachim Won Ribbentrop.
Yet the Count held on to his port
folio until February 7, 1943. He was
Ambassador to the Vatican there
after.
The complaint against the five
men supposed to have been tried at
the old Vecchio castle at Verona was
that they had voted against Musso-
lni in the Fascist Grand Council
July "a, thus bringing about II Duce's
fall. From an American point of
view, such charge makes sense only
in its relation to the Nazi lexicon of
terror. If Ciano, Marshal Emilio de
Bono and their associates in mis-
fortune really have faced the firing
squad, the reason almost certainly is
that Hitler wanted to frighten the
leaders of other satellite nations
Hungary and Rumania among the
number.
Evening star., 1944-01-12

SlVe activities, promoted national
unity" was never explained by the Pres
ident or any one else On the con-
trary good many held the view that
the only unity promoted was that of
administration political support and
that, in principle, the Browder pardon
was identical with the patronage favors
given Mr.. Frank Hague, the unsavory
New Jersey boss, and others of the same
llk, who have been in the New Deal
political camp since 1932-and still are.
X X X
One thing which stands out in this
most recent Communist decision is the
fattering imitation of the President by
Mr.. Browder Just as Mr. Roosevelt
tosses the name New Deal' into the
discard (or tries toy, so Brother Browder
substitutes for the words Communist
Evening star., 1944-01-12
American Commitments

The Presidents message to Con-
gress yesterday threw no new light on
developments in the sphere of Ameri-
can foreign policy, but it may help
to nail down all loose talk about
things that have never happened. At
the Moscow, Cairo and Teheran con-
ferences, many subjects we're dis
cussed, including questions concern
ing the next peace, but the United
States was not pledged to anything
specific beyond prosecuting the war
to the hilt in accordance with gen.
eral Allied plans which only events
themselves will reveal.
For as the President has told
Congress, both he and Mr. Hull are
we'll aware of the limitations i'm
posed upon them by the Constitu-
ton, and even if they had sought to
make pledges exceeding those limi-
tations, Mr. Churchill and Marshal
Stain and Generalissimo Chang
Kai-Shek would have shrugged
them off because as responsible
statesmen they, too, are familiar
with the American Constitution and
with the role the American Congress
plays in implementing American for
eign policy.
Apart from the military under
standings, there was, in fact, only
one other commitment by the United
States at Moscow, Cairo and
Teheran-a commitment to the idea
of international collaboration and
collective security. This commit
ment, in President Roosevelt's words
lis based on the common sense
principle which was best expressed
by Benjamin Franklin on July 4,
1776: We must all hang together,
or assuredly we shall all hang sepa-
rately.'" And in it's application to
Americas dealing with other peace
minded nations, it is a principle long
since indorsed by Congress and the
overwhelming majority of our peo-
pleas important to the future,
after the shooting stops, as it is now
in the midst of war.
The point is beyond argument:
The key United Nations must CO.
operate not only in winning the war
but in building a better world, and
in keeping 1t safe, or one by one
ten, twenty Or thirty years hence
they will again suffer what they are
Evening star., 1944-01-12
This and That
By Charles E. TraceUell.


Now that the New Year is here,
spring is not far behind.
1t always comes as surprise to
realize Just how few days there are,
actually, between the Christmas holi-
days and the best of all seasons.
Before the Victory gardeners know
what is up, planting season will be here
again. with all the raking and digging
and setting in the ground
Some garden activities begin in late
February, and many are in full swing
in early March
Bluebirds come in March. and before
them the robins
Purple finches glow at bird-feedine
stations in February.
So 1t is easy to see that spring, real
spring, is not far off.
Only few days now, and the
thoughts of everybody will be on digging
in the earth
II you have any old birdhouses, paint
them now, and put them up.
Since the bluebird is q favorite of
every one, and because he comes early,
get his house out on a post, preferably
not more than feet from the ground.
This will not seem high enough to
many persons, but experience has
taught that one is likely to draw the
blueblrds better this way than by put
ting the house high in a tree.
Looking over the seed catalogues, and
cleaning up the garden tools-these are
two of the tasks possible at this time.
Seed catalogues will not be so large
this year, but the tomatoes on the cover
are just as bright as ever.
No doubt they were prophetic. these
tomatoes on the catalogue covers,
They have done duty on the covers
for half a century and today the
tomato is more to the fore than ever.
In fact, many last years ambitious
Victory gardener swore, as a result of
drought and insects, that he would
plant nothing but tomatoes in 1914.
Canned tomatoes and tomato juice
cost plenty of ration points. So hun
dreds of thousands of homeowners who
last season failed to plant anything.
determined to put in tomatoes, at least,
this spring.
There is always room in perennial
and shrub borders for a few tomato
plants.
Good varieties for this use are Mar
globe, John Baer and Golden Jubilee.
Placed here and there, and treated
easily these stray plants, as they may
be called, will give a good harvest.
Failure with last years Victory gar
dens in this vicinity should not deter
any one who has the space from max
ing garden this year.
Failure, in part, is always necessary
in order to spur one on to greater
effort, no matter what the undertaking.
1t is part Of the psychology of man.
There is no use trying to make a gar
den, however, if there is too much
shade. Too shady place will not do
for vegetables.
1t is good thing to recall, too, that
the hardest garden days are the hot
days.
Late July and early August are the
times which wilt many a garden and
gardeners determination.
Almost any one can start off with a
bang. Such raking and digging and
plowlng and planting-such enthusiasm
all along the line.
Then come the dog days." and some
how the garden goes to pieces, and with
it all the good resolutions made in the
cool months
Victory gardeners should keep this
well in mind, now and later, If they
want to help themselves and their
country.
Evening star., 1944-01-12
Constantine BrotVn

existed ever since we entered the war
and the Burma Road was closed.
X
From the military view the road is
not Of too great value. Only a few
thousand tons of material can be trans
ported over 1t every week. But it was
able to provide Chang supporters with
many things they are now lacking In
the past, support from the top men
could be assured by an intelligent ex-
penditure of money. But today even
gold purchases nothing in China.
Chang is reliably reported to have
warned Washington and London that
unless something was done at the earli-
est possible moment to resume the flow
OF goods--even nonmilitary goods-and
some of the necessities for the Chinese
people. such as medicines and drugs,
he did not know how much longer he
could remain at war with Japan He
himself was as determined as ever to
fight on, but he could not guarantee
sthat his principal army commanders
would avoid Tokio's bait much longer.
There is no doubt that the August
announcement of forthcoming offen-
sive has kept Chiang's generals to-
gether.
What the situation will be, now that
1t has become obvious that only local
and restricted campaign will take place,
no one, even the generalissimo, can say.
Chang realized the full picture when
he met President Roosevelt and Prime
Minister Churchill in Cairo in Novem-
ber. According to some accounts he re-
turned to Chunking after that historical
conference somewhat despirited
For the time being little information
trickles through from the temporary
capital of China. While it is highly
improbable that Chang would agree
to discuss peace with the japanese, it is
difficult to forecast whether his generals
will detach themselves from him, thus
ending whatever effectiveness the
Chinese army may still have.
Evening star., 1944-01-12
Maj. George Fielding Eliot

Voronovitsi-Nemirov area are only 20
miles from this railway. Twenty miles
has proven long distance to the Rus
SLAMS hitherto when up against a Ger
man bolt position; we should not assume
that this last 20 miles will be covered
by the Russians at the same rate of
advance as the preceding 20 miles.
But taken as a whole, the situation
of the German southern armies is no.
where favorable. They are in trouble
on three sectors of their front and in
potential trouble on the fourth. They
have everywhere to extricate troops
from difficult situations. They are
losing control OF vital lines of COM
munications, while others are threat
ened. They can hardly hope to COM
plete their retreat behind the Bug
without losing heavily in killed and
wounded and probably in prisoners.
II, without an appreciable pause at
the Bug they have to retire again behind
the Dniester, that is, clear back into
Rumania, it is impossible not to agree
with the military sources in London
which estimate the German losses in
such maneuver as at least 100000.
This would cancel out any advantage
the Germans might gain from short
ening their front or their lines of supply.
1t would, indeed, probably necessitate
a general withdrawal in Russia in order
to reconstitute an eastern front which
could be efficiently and economically
defended. This in turn would certainly
mean the giving up of the Crimea, OF
Finland and of Estonia; probably more
important at the moment it would mean
Russian troops within striking distance
Of Rumana.
tcopyrisht, 1914. n. Y. Tribune, mso
Evening star., 1944-01-12
Have q Kinodom

I haze kingdom 1Dhere d,DeH at
peace,
Wherein loue rules and beauty richly
fo1DS:
Where tired dreams of mortal discord
cease,
And all the gardens blossom as the
rose.
Here is the music 1Uhich the ,uorld has
loUed;
Here are earth's palaces 1Dhere kings
haze slept:
The Warm, firm greeting of the hand
ungloUed
The eyeS's assurance OF a promise kept.
Here are Dast treasures from the
thoughts OF men,
Here are the paths 1Dhich reUerent feet
hare trod,.
In architecture of the living pen
Are temples risen from the soul to God.
Here I haze 1uealth yhich never uill
depart
! ol0n Kingdom OF the mind and
heart.
HELEN ROWE HENZE.
Evening star., 1944-01-12

in detaching the entire Ukraine from
the Soviet Union. Propagandists for
an independent Ukraine have made
virulently anti-Soviet campaigns in the
United States. Polish groups have
limited that the eastern problem should
be solved by creating a great Eastern
federation under Polish leadership to
include the Baltic and Danubian states,
plus the Ukraine-a union of nations
on the model of the Soviet, but with a
radically different social system and
frankly regarded as a Gordon sani-
taire" against the Soviet and counter
balance to Germany.
The shifting of the Soviet frontier
further west does little to improve the
strategical position of the Soviet Union,
but that is not the primary object,
which is to end forever the possibility
that the Polish Ukraine might be
breeding place for a Ukrainian sep
aratist movement The Ukraine has
been an objective of three wars: Ger
many conquered it and detached it in
the last war; Hitler fought the Soviet
for 1t in this one, and the Poles were
in Kiev in 1920.
The Soviet offer to the Poles OF COM
pensatlon at the expense of Germany
Is more astute than meets the eye. Such
a solution" would SOW seeds of eternal
dissent between Poland and Germany;
create in Germany a violent anti
Polish lrredenta, and prevent any pos
siole Polish-German alliance, in some
imaginable future.
That the Poles discuss the extension of
their frontiers to the Oder, means that
they. too, are not thinking of ethno-
graphic frontiers, but of getting sufi-
cient power to maintain absolute inde-
pendence of either Russia or GERMANY.
But it is dubious whether, in the long
run, matters would fall out that way.
II might lust as likely hannen that
Evening star., 1944-01-12
Dorothy Thompson

powerful impetus would thus be created
later to draw Russia and Germany to-
gether in common hostility.
The Soviet attitude toward Eastern
Europe goes far beyond a readjustment
of frontiers. The Soviet government
knows that there are theological differ
ences between her conception of a
social, economic and political order. and
the conceptions dominating governing
groups abroad The Soviet Union has
always expected to be attacked. But
she has not counted on war originating
from one quarter alone. 1t might have
come, in Soviet reckoning, as easily from
a Europe under Anglo-French domina-
ton, given certain types of government
in power, as from Europe under Ger
man domination
Thus the Soviets will use every ounce
OF power they have, to see that no new
threat can arise in any foreseeable
future. The Soviet wishes real under
standing with the United States and
Britain, but she will never put all her
eggs in that basket either, pending the
creation of hard and fast genuine
security system, for she knows that
governments and with them interna-
tlonal policies can change.
Meanwhile, it is Soviet policy not to
tolerate in any Eastern European coun-
try. which might some time become a
jumping off spot against her, any gov
ernment not closely in sympathy with
her. That is the real issue in Poland
A strong Poland can exist with Soviet
benevolence if it can be counted upon
not to jump the Soviet defense system.
This is the situation, painful for con-
serVative Poles who fear the extension
OF Soviet social ideas over all Poland,
who gravitate toward the west and
prefer to be in western system.
Released By the Bell syndinat. InnA
Evening star., 1944-01-12
Differs With Editorial
On "ReclassificatiOns."

To the Editor of The Star:
Your editorial on "A Risky Precedent"
takes the position that area reclassifica-
tions should not be allowed on petitions
by the property owners OF the affected
areas because that would open the door
to the use of this procedure for the
lowering of area classifications as we'll
as for raising them.
I fail to see why this can be said to
be risky precedent. On the other
hand, why should certain influential
persons be permitted to dispose of
their land holdings in such a way as
to lower property values of adjacent
areas in the face of the collective op-
position of the owners of adjacent and
neighboring residences?
1t does seem unnecessary to estab-
ish low-priced housing developments
where they will injure neighboring prop
erty values when there are so many
other areas where such objections will
not be raised.
LEONARD H. POMEROY.
Evening star., 1944-01-12
The 'Curzon Line

Although the Russian government,
in its statement on the future of
the Poles, has been less than COM
plimentary to the Polish govern
ment in exile, its attitude is concilia-
tory to the extent of favoring a
strong and independent Poland and
working out the frontier problem
according to the historically respec-
table "Curzon line" formula.
This formula, it is true, would give
back to the Poles only fraction of
the territory taken from them by
the Russians when Hitler began the
war in 1899, but it nevertheless has
the prestige of being the line agreed
upon by the Allies in the First World
War when a resurrected Poland had
to be defined geographically. His
tory is instructive on this point. In
1917 the new Russian government
proclaimed the creation of an inde-
pendent Polish state In 1918, in the
thirteenth of his Fourteen Points,
President Wilson declared that such
a state should include the territories
'indisputably' inhabited by the
Poles In 1919 Polish delegation
signed the Treaty of Versailles,
under which reborn Poland agreed
to let the Allied and associated
powers fix its eastern boundary. In
December of the same year, the Su-
preme Council of these powers,
through a commission directed by
Lord Curzon, British Foreign Secre-
tary established the border on an
ethnographical basis.
Ignoring this settlement, however,
the Poles early in 1920 launched a
successful offensive against the Rus
slams and when the Russians offered
to negotiate peace, the Poles pre-
sented terms which included de-
mand for the restoration of the ter
ritory they had held at the time of
the first Polish partition in 1772.
Poland thereupon received a protest
from the Supreme Council of the
Allies, including the United States,
in which the reborn country was re-
minded that it was asking for terri
tory far west of the line agreed
upon-the so-calIed "Curzon line"
Later in the same year. Russian
counteroffensive had placed the
Poles in serious situation and they
called upon the Allies for mediation,
at which point the Allies suggested
a Polish retirement to the "Curzon
line" and called for a settlement
conference in London. But now it
was Russias turn to hem and haw,
and feeling itself in good military
position, it moved toward Warsaw,
only to be smashed back by the
Poles After this, in 1921, came the
Treaty of Riga in which Poland
acquired the territory the Russians
now propose to take back.
This is but a sketchy, oversimpli-
fed outline of the historical back
ground or Russia S present day
stand, but it is an outline complete
enough to suggest that the Russians
have been politically alert in re-
verting to the "Curzon line" formula,
for by doing so, they have put them
selves in the favorable light of ap-
pearing no more unreasonable today
than were the Allies in 1919. More
over, while insisting on this kind of
settlement, they propose that Poland
be compensated with German-held
territory and they invite the Poles
to join them and the Czechs in a
mutual assistance pact 1t remains
to be seen how the Polish government
in exile will respond. Offhand, the
choice before it seems to be one
between acquiescence-or else.
Evening star., 1944-01-12

ing for a number of
reasons. 1t will be
recalled that Mr..
B row d e 7, official
head of the Ameri-
can Communists, was
freed from prison a
year or so ago by
Mr.. Roosevelt in the
interests of national
unity"
How pardoning
Mr.. Browder, whose
party Mr.. Roose-
velt's Attorney Gen.
eral had branded as
engaged in subver-
Evening star., 1944-01-12

b o t h parties. But
t h e ethnographical
question is not pri-
mary. The issue Is
m u C h m ore pro-
found.
The Soviet Union
is not a national
state. Because the
e m p ir e stretching
from the Baltic Sea
to the Pacific Ocean
W a S always called
Russia. we still refer
to the Soviet Union
by this name. Actu-
ally it consists of six
Evening star., 1944-01-12

M a r S hes to the
Black Sea.
Beginning at the
northern end of the
southern front, so to
speak, we find the
rail june c t o n of
Sarny closely beset
and probably already
In Russian hands.
The much more i'm
portant town and
rail jun C t O. n of
Rovno Called Rowne
by the Poles) also is
within Russian reach
and already NAV be
Evening star., 1944-01-12

commander OF Al
lied Southeast Asia
forces which would
invade Burma and
possibly other areas
under j a p a n e S e
domination.
Monsoon rains re-
strict military oper-
ations from India to
only 7 months of the
ye ar. T h e rains,
which in peacetime
are a blessing to the
inhabitants of those
areas, are a curse to
any military COM
Evening star., 1944-01-12

means that we are an unwise people,
indeed, If we suppose that we are
going to have an easy time of it
against the Japanese just as soon as
Hitler is liquidated and our total
Allied strength can be brought into
action in the Pacific. All the evi-
dence at hand argues quite to the
contrary.
Evening star., 1944-01-12
Editorial
Commended.

To the Editor of The Star.
Your editorial Beyond the Law" was
one of several recent articles that merit
the highest commendation.
Democracy. like nature, must learn to
abhor a GudiciaD vacuum
AS you suggested, Congress ought to
prohibit by positive law the kind of
plantation" practices that the boiler
makers union of the West Coast has
followed. Such action would confirm
the four freedoms of home and demon
strate them abroad.
j. w. HAYWOOD. Jr
Evening star., 1944-01-12
East Front Analvzed

The Russians have made significant
progress on the South Russian front
which should be examined in detail
over the whole area from the Pripet
Evening star., 1944-01-12
On the Record

If the Russian-Polish controversy were
chiefly question of drawing ethno-
graphical frontiers, a number of solu-
tlons might appeal to the reason of
Evening star., 1944-01-12
The Great Game of Politics

The announcement, through Mr.. Earl
Browder, that in the coming campaign
the Communist party will go out of
business as political party is interest
Evening star., 1944-01-12
This Changing World

At the end Of the Quebec Conference
last August blare of publicity an
nounced the appointment of Admiral
Lord Louis Mountbatten as supreme
Evening star., 1944-01-12

The real new order in Europe,
when finally established, will be an
order for Germany to disarm and
stay diSarmed.
Evening star., 1944-01-12

suffering now, ana probably to 4
greater degree. This much should
be clear even to those suspicious
souls" whom the President has
sought to reassure.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1944-02-26
Lincoln School Wins Iea6ue Title
Nichols Wins
Lively Bout

Jackie Nichols won a thrilling
two out OF three fall match from
Buddy Knox az the Local 80 Hall
Friday evening
Nichols overcame his larger OBJ
poncut lay one o. the most grIelling
and unrredictahle matches OF the
current season Jackie knocked
Knox off his feet on a flying tackle
and pinned him with reverse crab
hold Tor the FIRST fall decision Knox
came back strong and battered
Nichols around until he noOred him
with a vicious stab. The third
fail started ont all In favor OF
Buddy but the speedy Nichols came
through on a drop Kick and pinned
th" rugged Knox for the deciding
fall
The semi anal tussle was a
rally affair with Frankie Clemens
coming back 10 whip the Black
Panther after losing the first de-
Cis.ou
The opening match was won Dy
tho Australian mshman. Stanley
Bure-rha. with the kangaroo kick
FOR the only fall % that contest.
Tho loser Of this match was Dale
Wayne