davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1944-12-26
This Changing World
By Constantine By0,cn

Americans who have just returned
from survey trips through Italy report
that conditions are so bad that no one
can forecast what may happen in the
next few months
Politically the country Is split in
many factions. The Communists, who
now have four men in the government,
are getting stronger rapidly. Accord
ing to reports, their ranks are being
swelled by the addition of many former
Fascists who have discovered that by
joining the Communist party they could
become immune to punishment and also
could obtain lucrative positions.
OF course, the well-known Fascists
close to Mussolini and his encourage
cannot join the Communist ranks. But
the smaller fry of the Fascist parly
who had joined II Duce's movement
after the march on Rome because 10
offered SO many personal advantages
are now rushing to the Red banner.
Prince Umberto, the lieutenant gen.
eral OF the realm, has become an init
mate friend of PalmiTo Togliatti, the
member of the Third Internationale
dispatched by the Polit bureau in Mos
COW to take an important place in the
Italian government soon after Italy got
out of the war. He is reported to be
meeting Togliatti secretly several times
a week. Umberto expects to save the
dynasty by playing close to the Com
munist leader, who in return expects to
strengthen the position Of Moscow in
Italy ny his contact with the Prince.
~ *HH
The Socialists, under the leadership Of
Nenni, together with many of the lib
erals and Christian Socialist parties, are
against the crown and also oppose the
Communist penetration. Togliatti ex-
poets to increase the power of the Com
munists with the aid of the crown, even
If Umberto and the whole royal family
have to be sacrificed later.
But besides the complex political pic
ture, which interests the politicos chiefly
there Is terrific economic and moral
bankruptcy which involves all the Ital-
ian people
The black market in which every
one including the troops of occupation
are indulging, has reached unbelievable
proportions. There are youths in Rome
whose avowed profession is to shine
shoes-but who are displaying thousand
Evening star., 1944-12-26
The PuIutinute

Among Gllc cApIcSSlOIlS WlllCIl IIlc
armed forces of the United States
have brought into common usage
among Americans is that applied
by historical writer's to the territory
in Germany west of the Rhine. 1t
Is an ancient term, coming down the
ages from the days of the Roman
empire, when certain officials of the
court were called "palatini." Under
Constantine the Great, the soldiers
stationed in or near his capital were
designated "the palatine guard"
The phrase seems to have originated
in the title of Pales, a pastoral
goddess of the Latin pantheum. In
her honor, the Palatine Hill in Rome
was so labeled. Augustus built a
palace on the slope, and Nero more
splendidly and extravagantly fol-
lowed his example.
Other structures belonging to the
emperors in different parts of
Europe gradually shared the word;
the lands surrounding them like
wise were considered palatinial.
Even when imperial Rome collapsed,
people still continued to employ the
traditional language in reference to
official property. The Frankish kings
of the Merovingian dynasty created
comes palatinus," closely at
tached to themselves, to attend to
military and administrative duties
which they wished to delegate.
Counts palatine flouriShed under the
Carolingian sovereigns. The phrase
"paladin," applied to the followers
of Charlemagne, is a natural va
RANT. Later monarchs sent palatine
counts to govern outlying areas, to
act as judges, to represent them
selves in all important matters of
business. There were men bearing
the title in Saxony, in Swabia, in
Lorraine and in many other places.
Until the dissolution of 1906, the
count palatine of the Rhine was one
of the four lay electors and the most
important lay official of the Holy
Roman empire.
Hermann I, who served from 945
to 996, was the first of the long list
of Rhenish executives regarded as a
palatinial count. Frederick I ap-
pointed his stepbrother Conrad
count palatine in 1855; Frederick II
named Otto, the infant son of Louis
I, Duke of Bavaria, in 1914. The
Golden Bull of 1856 bestowed the
electoral privilege upon the palatine
count, and the right was exercised
by his successors until 1923. The
German title is: Hofpfalzgrafen.
American troops, fighting for the
possession of a gateway into the
Reich, are attacking the palatinate
Evening star., 1944-12-26

tain amount Of patience and re-
straint at moment when the stakes
are high" For 1t is fact, as he
says, that the fighting on the west
ern front is in a fluid state and
that prudence demands as little dis
cussion as possible of enemy activity
this for the reason that if our
military command were too voluble
about 1t the Nazis might learn how
General Eisenhower really sizes up
their drive, and from that, in turn,
they might be able to figure out
what he proposes to do to counter it.
Evening star., 1944-12-26
News During Bottle

1t may well be, as some corre-
spondents have complained, that
General Eisenhower's headquarters
clamped down too tight censorship
at the start of Won Rundstedt's
drive, holding back certain details
that could readily have been re-
ported without endangering the
security of our armed forces. Yet,
in all fairness, it cannot be denied
that the main point in the news was
made promptly and abundantly clear
namely, the potential gravity of
the counteroffensive
AS for the details, perhaps the blue
pencils have been used to excess, but
the military command cannot be
blamed too much if it errs on this
side at time when the front is
blazing and boiling and in constant
fiux and when caution or the lack
of it can mean the winning or losing
of the battle. It has been asked, why
not reveal exactly how far the Nazis
have advanced and where they now
are? 1t has been asked, too. why
is there no precise authoritative
assessment of the situation? But
wars cannot be fought that way,
since some facts simply have to be
kept in the dark if maneuvers are to
be made and the lives of soldiers
protected.
In Secretary Stimson's words, "the,
success of our operations and the
safety of our men depend on GER
Evening star., 1944-12-26
The Political Mill
BY Gould Lincoln


gathering of leaders with Gov. Dewey
and Mr.. Brownen. The details will be
worked out and presented to the ma
tional committee for it's consideration
and action next month
The national committee amazingly
wound up the recent campaign with
money IN the bank-approximatel
$780, 600. Usually the national political
committees close campaigns with a
deficit, spending every cent they can
lay hands on and some they cannot.
II Mr. Brownell retains the chair
manship, 1t will be with the under
standing that he gives a great deal of
his time to committee work Whether
he will have a paid assistant as a
kind of executive director. remains to
be seen. Or even whether Mr. Brownell
himself becomes a full-time, paid
executive.
Some Republican leaders have ex-
pressed themselves entirely willing to
pay large salary to the man who will
run the national organization during the
coming years-even as high as $4,000
year-and to 60 into the field of
business executives, if that seems ad-
Visable, to get the right man for the
job.
Seek Full Time Chairman.
Senator Wherry of Nebraska, Republi-
can whip of the Senate, prepared and
laid before the gathering in New York
a program for Strengthening the party
organization. 1t called for a full-time
chairman, elected to carry on through
the next presidential campaign, and
elected now
This idea is based on the theory that
the chairman then would be in a posi-
ton, after nearly four years of work,
to get the most out of the national or
ganization, no matter who the presi-
dental nominee may be- This is hard,
common sense, particularly when it is
remembered that the Democratic Partys
new adjunct, the Hillman-headed PAC
of the CIO, is to be a permanent Or
ganization, working every day in the
year.
There seems no doubt that Gov
Dewey will be candidate for renom-
ination in l948. Intimate friends OF
his say that it was his intention all
along to make a bid for the presi-
dental nomination, not in 1910 but
four years later. His hand was forced
by circumstances. He had to take the
nomination this year since the great
majority of the Republicans demanded
it. He received upwards of $4,000 ,0OO
votes and made the closest race against
President Roosevelt of any Republican
candidate
Evening star., 1944-12-26

Herbert Brownell, jr, of New York,
Will stay on as national chairman of the
Republican party, under present plans
Mr.. Brownen has called a meeting of
the partys national committee to be
held January % in Indianapolis At
that time he may undertake to obtain
q vote Of confidence from the commit
tee, allowing it to vote on his retention
OF office, although he was elected for a
1ull term OF four years at the meeting
Of the committee in Chicago last June.
There is nothing to compel him now
to submit his resignation, or to raise the
question of the Craftsmanship unless he,
himself or group of committee mem
bers, should force the issue
The Republican chairman was the
choice of Gov. Dewey of New York
TO run his campaign for the presidency
this year. He will remain as chairman,
however, committed to no particular
candidate for the 1948 Republican pres
idential nomination-neither Mr.. Dewey
nor any one else. In other words, he will
run the committee without favor, and
all potential nominees will be treated
alike.
Dewey to Consult Him.
This does not mean, however, that
Gov. Dewey, as titular head of the Re-
publican party, will not consult with
the national chairman and the other
members of the national committee,
slngly or as body. on important issues
relating both to policy and administra-
ton of the party organization. Mr.
Dewey has made it clear he intends to
take the full responsibility which goes
with party leadership. The meeting,
held in New York last week, attended
by Gov. Dewey and Mr.. Brownell, and
by the Republican leaders in Congress,
at which plans for strengthening the
party organization were discussed is
only a forerunner of other similar meet
1ngs with party leaders, in which Re-
publican Governors and State chairmen
will have part.
Indiana was picked as a banner Re-
publican State for the coming meeting
of the COP National Committee 1t
not only elected a Republican Governor
and Senator to succeed Democrats in
those Offices, but it held its members of
the House delegation and gave Mr.
Dewey plurality over Mr.. Roosevelt
of "a, ,4S0 votes. 1t has been long time
since Indianapolis was the scene of such
Republican gathering.
Details Undecided.
Operation of the Republican National
Headquarters, and the party organiza-
ton, on full-time basis was agreed
upon as far as possible, by the informal
Evening star., 1944-12-26

lire bills (the rate OF exchange is 100
lire to one dollar by engaging In small
black market operations. Everybody is
talking and thinking in black market
terms. There is no electricity in most
OF the important Italian cities. Candles
can be purchased only on the black
market at the rate of 81 q candle. All
brands of American cigarettes can be
purchased in Rome, Naples and other
occupied cities at 50 q package and a
penny box of matches costs between 40
and SO cents
There Is wheat as well as olive oil in
many centers where these staple food
products used to be produced. But there
Is no transportation. The Germans did
thorough Job when they destroyed
bridges and power plants in their re-
treat. Sicily has plenty of hard wheat
the type used in the manufacture of
macaroni-as we'll as olive oil. But these
vital staples cannot be taken out of the
island because of lack of transportation.
- **
Because of the existing SHORTAGES the
pay OF the government official has be-
come illusory. 1t Is not sufficient for the
purchase Of food for the family. Hence
the graft is beyond Imagination. In or
der to facilitate graft, there is any
amount Of red tape involved in every
phase of the life of the average citizen.
For instance, in order to transfer a
quantity of olive oil from one center in
Sicily to another within the island, about
rs different permits are necessary.
And each permit means delay and
bribery The result hes been that the
producers prefer to hida their wares and
sell them in the black market where the
bribery is more expensive, but there is
less red tape. The consequence is that
the price OF these commodities has gone
up several hundred per cent above the
ceiling imposed by the Allied authorities
not because the producer is greedy, but
because he has to spend so much money
in corrupting the army of officials.
The German agents naturally con-
tinue to boost the Intelligent and ex-
cellent organization" provided by II Duce
for his loyal followers, and in their stats
of despair the population in liberated
Italy believes what it hears or reads
The Italian military police in Rome
Naples and other liberated cities have a
job OF wiping off the walls such writing
as We want our lunatic back"
Evening star., 1944-12-26
On the Eastern Front
BY Maj. George Fielding Elliot


else, as Malinovsky and Petrov push
westward along the southern slopes of
the mountains, the way is cleared for
Koney, in Poland, to start westward
from his present bridgehead over the
upper Vistula in the direction of Kielce
and Cracow. BY this time the ground
should be we'll frozen, SO that mud is
no longer the obstacle to armored
movement off the roads and to all move
ment on the roads Qargely unpaved
which 1t is in the autumn months.
The objective of such Russian ad-
vance probably would be the Silesian
industrial region, centering around Kat
towice. The loss of the production of
this area would be blow to Germangs
war machine second only to the loss
of the Ruhr. Thus the German high
command is faced with the urgent need
for providing additional reserves for
its eastern, or rather its southeastern,
front, for it should be recognized that
the Russians are tapping round the
corner, so to speak, of fortress Ger
mania and that further advances will
tend to be of concentric nature.
These considerations can hardly af-
feet the outcome Of the present great
battle in the West That will be de-
cided by the forces already engaged in
it, or moving into it. The Germans are
unlikely to withdraw any forces ear
marked for the western operation to
rush them to the East; they have too
clearly in mind the bitter experience
in that respect in the last war. But the
outcome of the western battle certainly
affects to very considerable degree the
future of the war in the East. If the
Germans succeed in their attempt to
stabilize the Western Front for a time
by upsetting Allied offensive calcula-
tions, by forcing the Allies to shift Of
fensive reserves to defensive purposes,
and by destruction of Allied material,
then they will certainly have a freer
hand for time to deal with dangers on
the other side Of Germany. But If in
attempting to do so they sustain such
heavy losses themselves as to tip the
scale of overall superiority still far
ther in the Allied favor, then they will
have worsened their condition in the
West without any compensating gain
elsewhere. There can be very little doubt
elsewhere.
tCoEvriEht 1o4N
Evening star., 1944-12-26

The cigarette shortage mystery
still battles our best minds. Accord
Ing to Senator Ferguson the root of
the evil is that payment of people
not to grow things. Smokers, there
fore, are paying tobacco farmers for
cutting their acreage and are thus
paying for cigarettes that they do
not get. The Government some day
may learn that tobacco Is tobacco,
just as decade ago it learned that
pigs Is pigs"
Evening star., 1944-12-26

Physicians now are as scarce as
engineers formerly were plentiful
with the result that many people,
allegedly, are not getting sick as
often as they used to.
Evening star., 1944-12-26

There have been number of def
initions Of true lady" Perhaps
as good as any is to say that she is
in the habit of saying, Il think this
gentleman is ahead of me-"
Evening star., 1944-12-26

for reasons which are strategic as
well as geographical. Many of
Hitler's most important industrial
plants are part of the target.
Evening star., 1944-12-26

Wants No Church Interference
To the Editor OF The Star:
Recently I received a letter from a
religious organization, soliciting my
cooperation in an endeavor to have
the church as such given representation
at the peace table and at the interna-
tional councils which are to shape the
future policies Of the world government
under the new order of things after
the war, in order to establish a perma-
nent reign of peace.
But it is about time somebody spoke
out against the church's meddling with
matters that do not pertain to her
proper functions. The church and the
state operate in different spheres, each
has. different objectives, different mis-
sions and entirely different functions,
and they are governed by entirely diff
ferent standards.
The church is to carry on its work on
a spiritual basis and by means of the
power of love, entreaty and persuasion,
ton in civil things only, and it's edicts
and laws are to be administered by
means of carnal weapons and the power
of force. The church has committed to
its stewardship the souls of men and
exists solely for the salvation of man
kind in spiritual matters. The author
of Christianity said: II came not to
Judge the world, but to save the world"
When a man came to Christ one day
and said unto Him: Master, speak to
my brother, that he divide the Inherit
ance with me-" Christ answered him
saying: Man, who made me judge
or divider over you?" The church
cannot become an arbiter in disputes
about human rights any more than
Christ could arbitrate human affairs in
the secular world.
The functions of the church are to
preach the gospel and to administer the
sacraments. OF course the church has
a right to raise her voice in protest
against any interference of the state
in religious matters, but it is not the
prerogatiye of the church to function
in purely civil affairs, and to tell the
state how to conduct its affairs in
strictly civil matters. The Christian as
a citizen can enter fully into civil af-
fairs but not as churchman. The
church must maintain a position of
neutrality on all political questions and
the state must do the same in all reli-
gious or spiritual matters.
G. s. LQNGACRE.
The daily bulletin. [volume] (Dayton, Ohio) 1942-1946, 1944-10-24
SAYS DINING ROOM Men
Want TO JOIN CI0

WASHINGTON, Oct. "a CAMP
Discriminatory tr e t m t
against Negroes by railroad COM
panies has created a strong de-
sire" on the part of large numbers
of the Joint Council of Dining Car
employees (AFL) to become affili-
ated with a CIO union, according
to Edward K. Welsh, director Of
organization for the United Trans
port Service Employees of America
(CIO).
Welsh has just completed a
swing up and down the east coast
in behalf of the UTSEA, and was
among the top officials of that un-
ion which met here to go before the
N a tional (Railway) Mediation
board.
''The men know that their union
has not been helping them to get
upgraded to stewards and waiter
in-charge posts,' Welsh said, "and
they're tired of the 'do-nothing'
policy that as been followed by the
council. They want real represen-
tation'
Welsh said also that organiza-
ton efforts among red caps has
been successful. Most of the major
depots have been organized, he
said. There are few small stations
with a few red caps which have
invited the UTSEA to send in an
organizer, he added, but many of
them are already part of the Rail-
way Clerks Union, although in an
auxiliary. He observed that "the
men want to belong to democratic
cally run organizations"
The daily bulletin. [volume] (Dayton, Ohio) 1942-1946, 1944-10-24

West Fifth street, with the Rev.
Laurence Mcneil officiating. Burial
will be in Greencastle cemetery.
Friends may call at the funral
home today.
Surviving Mrs. Bell are parents,
Mr.. and Mrs. Robert Herd; three
sons, Robert E., Cornelius, Charles
H. Hugh; daughter, Mrs. Marjorie
Ball.
The daily bulletin. [volume] (Dayton, Ohio) 1942-1946, 1944-10-24
MISSIONARY SOCIETY
MEETING AT TABERNACLE

The Missionary Society of the
Tabernacle Baptist Church is spon-
soring an echo" Meeting at the
church on Sunday evening, Oct. 29
at PM. All persons of the church
who have attended any denomina-
tional meeting during the year will
present a brief resume of their
trip. Mrs. Vashti B. Owens is in
charge of the program, and Mrs.
Nettie Bullard is president of the
society.
The daily bulletin. [volume] (Dayton, Ohio) 1942-1946, 1944-10-24

ance of more mines than any other
colored service unit; responsibility
for the road signs in Normandy
and the Loire section; employment
in operating water points; installa-
ton of generators; operation OF
saw mills and gravel pits and con-
struction of hospital furniture.
The daily bulletin. [volume] (Dayton, Ohio) 1942-1946, 1944-10-24
CONFER ON POST WAR
Continued from page 1

ICOHCIHueu from page I
Railroads.&c.. E. Musser, chief
of personnel, Pennsylvania Rail-
road Co.; Willard Townsend, presi-
dent, United Transport Service
Employees of America, CIO; and
Dr. William M. Leiserson, chair
man, National (Railway) Media
tion board.
STEELE. j. Lever, vice chair
man, manpower requirement, War
Production; and one other person
whose name was to be announced.
The daily bulletin. [volume] (Dayton, Ohio) 1942-1946, 1944-10-24
SERVICES FOR MRS. MARY
BELL WEDNESDAY,

Funeral services for Mrs. Mary
Jane Bell, 55, Of 80 Pease street,
will be held tomorrow at l p. m.
at the Loritts Funeral home, 655
The daily bulletin. [volume] (Dayton, Ohio) 1942-1946, 1944-10-24
RATE NEGRO ENGINEER UNIT,
SECOND TO NONE"

LOIRE SECTION OF
FRANCE, Oct. "a (ANP)-Sol-
diers from mid-western cities have
done much toward making an all
Negro general service regiment Of
engineers, zone of the best conduct
ed units in the U nj t e d States
army" Construction of the first
two hospitals in France is among
it's signal achievements.
Listed among the regiments 9TH
er accomplishments are the clear
The daily bulletin. [volume] (Dayton, Ohio) 1942-1946, 1944-10-24
CLASSIFIED ADS

blue bicycle. Finder
return to 815 Danner avenue.
Liberal reward.
Henderson daily dispatch., 1944-09-16
Tar Heels Plan FiunI
Push For Deacon Game

the Carolina Reserves, Thomas, Kin
Sey. and Camp sa# some service as
freshmen On W~ar-riddlcd VursllIsc
elsewhere. Walker and Foster play
ed freshman bail. ana tae othct lAe
men have had only high school eN-
perieNCe.
The speedy hard-chorg!ng ln,,t
line held lhe CloudbusteI aces tair-
~ we'll in checN on the ground.
However. Otto Graham. the All
American passer from Northwestern
completed too many aerlals for com
tort. and Cardinals pass defense is
in Tor a thorough going-oVcl before
the Deacon headliner.
Cardinals pair Of rookie triple
threats, Foster and Warren, We're
looking better and better ON offense,
however. and the Tar Heels served
notice that they Would be out 10
make il a ~Wide-open scrap all tic
way. Jim Camp also did some good
work a. WingbacK and Bobby Wcant
as blocker and b~all-handIer.
Coach McEVer appeared encQur-
aged by the Improvement and pro-
gress which his first eleven has
made this week. However, the
young. rookie outfit was still Voc
fully Short on reserves, and Wake
Forests Conference laVor!tes re
manned the general faVorltes here
this weekend.