davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Wilmington morning star., 1944-01-17
TODAY and TOMORROW
BY WALTER ,L1PPMANN

and eventually to our present EN-
emies. The other school holds that
there are intermediate steps which
must be taken before such a univ
Iersal organization can safely and
effectively be broght into being.
The intermediate steps which
they regard as indispensable are
the successful organization of the
neighborhoods around the great
powers.
Those of us who hold this view
are charged with playing power
politics. and of ignoring the
rights of the smaller nations. This
charge is, l believe, unfounded and
uniformed. The best witnesses
are the smaller nations themsel-
yes.
One of the principal smaller ma
tons is the Netherlands. On Dec.
% the Netherlands Foreign Min
lister, DR.. Van Kleffens. addressed
by radio his own people in occu-
pied Europe. Did ne, as some
well intentioned American COM
mentators are suggesting, express
the fear that his small country
would be dictated to by the great
powers? Not at all. DR.. Van Klef-
fens expressed the exactly oppo-
site fear, namely that Great Bri-
Continued on Page1Two; Col. u
The Wilmington morning star., 1944-01-17
BY WALTER LIPPMANN

In his latest article Mr.. Sumner
Welles says that essential as this
isl the close cooperation of the
four great powers is not enough,
and there is also needed {.
permanent international institu-
tons of all the peoples. Under
the Moscow agreement the four
powers have promised to meet
that need at "tte earliest practi-
cable date and by the Connally
resolution the Senate has under
written this promise on behalf of
the United States.
The real question is not whether
but how to proceed from the four
power war alliance to the larger
organization which will eventually
include all ''peace-loving states. ;"
This is difficult question, and
we must think carefully before we
try to answer it.
The crux of the problem is how
to associate the smaller powers
with the great powers. There are
two schools of thought on how to
do this. This one would repeat the
Wilsoniaa pattern by establishing
now. or at least Immediately af-
ter the European arnistice, a
world council founded on cove
Inant among all the United Nations
and open to the friendly neutrals
The Wilmington morning star., 1944-01-17
VETS ARE URGED
TO BACK PEACE

HIGH POINT, Jan. 16.-lR -
Roy L. Mcmillan, of Raleigh, ma
tional vice commander of the Am
erican Legion. in an address here
tonight laid the responsibility OF
establishing the peace on the
shoulders of the generation of Am
erican citizens who have expert
enced World War 1.
1.-THE armies are composed OF
young men too young to be estab-
lished as community leaders,
the speaker said.
'The peace of 1918 was made,
as far as this country was con-
cerned, by men who had had no
personal experience with war. 1t
was defective and broke down in
% years, but this time the making
of the peace will be in the hands
of the generation who knew the
First World War, including the
veterans who participated in it.
Mcmillan said that "much OF
the news from the firing line is
good news, but foolish we would
be prolonging the war if we per-
mitted good news to cause us to
slacken our traces on the home
'front.'
Mcmillan spoke at the memorial
services of the Legion held in the
First Baptist church here during
the post officers conference of
the North Carolina department.
Continued on Page Two; Col. s.
The Wilmington morning star., 1944-01-17
'Nazi Plane City
Ceases To Exist

LONDON, Jan. 16.-LP - The
German airplane manufacturing
city of Brunswick has ceased to
exist after the RATS 2,000-ton
bombing Friday night. a Stock
holm dispatch declared today.
Neutral reporters estimated that
$4,000 persons were killed and So,
900 bombed out.
The Raj at the same time an
nounced that nearly 80 per cent OF
Leipzig's most densely built-up
areas had been devastated in the
surprise assault of December 3.
Air activity today from Britain
was restricted to offensive patrols
by Raj Spitfires and Typhoons.
Planes were heard last night head
ing toward France, but there was
no immediate announcement of
the targets they had attacked.
German raiders dropped bombs
last night at scattered points in
England and caused an alert in
London. One raider was destroyed.
Later it was announced that ty-
phoon fighter-bombers attacked
supply buildings in Brittany near
Morlaix. dropping their bombs
squarely on the targets from
heights of $50 feet. All the planes
returned.
All wave lengths of the Paris
radio network left the air tonight,
sometimes an indication that the
Raj is carrying out a night raid
ing mission.
The Swiss radio said Nazi-occu-
pied Zagreb, in northwestern Yu-
goslavia, had an hour alert in mid
day, with all its communications
cut temporarily.
Stockholm's Aftontidningen, quo
ting a private report, declared
that the population of Brunswick
in central Germany fled from the
burning city into the Harz noun
tains after the attack, the most
concentrated raid in aerial war
fare history. Many barracks for
foreign workers were destroyed,
the newspaper added.
The bomb load on Brunswick
was released in % minutes. for a
record concentration of 81 tons
per minute.
Reporting after Photographic in
depreciation of ruins in Leipzig,
the Raj said the greatest areas
o fdamage centered around the
main railroad station in the
Reich's third industrial city. In
(Cotinued on Page Two; Col. y
The Wilmington morning star., 1944-01-17
Living Costs In u. S.
Went Up 2 Per Cent
In 1913, NICB Says

NEW YORK, Jan. 16. Up
-ihe cost of living in the Unit
Gu states increased 2.8 per cent
aurlng ls43 and 20.8 per cent in
January, 1941, the National In
oustrlal Conference Board re-
ported today.
lhe report said that during
We month of December, living
costs for the nation as a whole
rose 9.2 per cent, and in all the
cihes surveyed by the board,
costs were higher than in De;
cember, 1912.
The board said the largest i'll
crease for the year was report
eo ter Newark, N. J.-5.9 per
eent-and the lowest for PhiIa-
aetphia, Pa, and Portland,
ofe,--o.6 per cent.
The living cost for wage
eafhers and lower-salaried Gle
,ieal workers increased during
december in As of the 10 cities
surveyed, decreased in 16, and
unnamed unchanged in nine,
'ne board reported.
The Wilmington morning star., 1944-01-17
1000 CHICKENS
KILLED BY FIRE

An estimated 1000 chickens
were destroyed here Sunday after
noon when fire swept through a
poultry house on a farm belong
ing to L. E. Taylor at 1908 Crest
NIT street. three blocks beyond
the city limits.
Fire Chief J. Luddie Groom said
the loss would be about $1,000,
only a little of which was covered
with insurance.
The alarm was turned in at 4:2O
D. m. by phone and firemen i'm
mediately went to the scene, but
due to low water pressure and the
fact the blaze was out of the city
limits, they could do little to save
the poultry house, which repre-
scented a three year investment on
the part of Taylor.
The poultryman started three
years ago with one small building
and few chickens and at the
time of the fire there were be-
tween $500 and 1900 chickens kept
in the building which was oil
heated.
Between so and 100 chickens
were saved from death When
neighbors ripped boards from the
side of the building and freed the
birds.
Children spent the afternoon
rounding up the younger chickens
to keep them from dying in the
cold weather.
Firemen could only control
sparks from the conflagration,
which gained full Roadway before
being discovered due to quantities
of fuel oil being stored inside the
building.
Late last night, Chief Groom
said his men ''were handicapped
by a lack of water and added
that the Chestnut Heigts people
Fought TO get into the city or gel
some water
The Wilmington morning star., 1944-01-17
GERMANY MAY Use
LIQUID AIR BOMB

STOCKHOLM, Jan. 16-REThe
Swedish press reported today that
the Germans may put a new
liquid air" bomb to practical test
on the east front preliminary to
using it against Great ritain.
This secret rocket bomb, some
what different from the type OF
rocket which has been the basis OF
much recent German home front
propaganda, is reported about
ready for warfront trials the SWed-
ish newspaper Notwithstanding
en- said neutral military experts
have received Information that the
bomb is propelled to fantastic al
titudes by rocket power and then
glides to its target, spreading de-
struction for radius of more than
400 yards. +l
This bomb can travel 70 miles
and is released from a transport
plane flying at an altitude of over
three miles, the newspaper said.
1t added that neutral experts re-
ported - although other experts
were skeptical - that the rocket
rises to an altitude of 80 to 81 miles
before it starts to glide.
Stockholms Tidingen said neu-
trail sources gave this information:
Preliminary test Of the bomb
have been made in Austria near
Boden Lake and one of the eye
witnesses of the effects of the bomb
explosion said, ut was as if BUSH
es, trees and everything had been
smashed to atoms by the blast.
"a strengthening orange and
blue flame hangs in the air for
minutes afterward.'
The rocket bomb is composed of
three chambers. One is loaded with
about 1000 pounds of Liquid air, :"
the second with between 500 and
700 pounds of explosive fluid
which drives the rocket and the
third with quicksilver detona-
ton fuse which is set off by a ra-
dioactive salt solution.
This is the first time such bomb
ever has been reported.
The Wilmington morning star., 1944-01-17
VITAL JAP BASES
FALL TO MARINES
Hill 66O And Sio, In The
Southwest Pacific, Are
Captured

ADVANCED ALLIED HEAD
QUARTERS, New Guinea, Moa-
day, Jan. 17.-LP)-Capture of Hill
$50 from the japanese at Cape
Gloucester, New Britain, the taxi
ing of Sio on Huon Peninsula, New
Guinea, and an air raid that
smashed enemy planes and ships
at Rabaul, New Britain. were
listed in Gen. Douglas MacArth-
ur's communique today.
American Marines captured hill
$50 after long and bitter struggle
against scores of machinegun
nests which dotted the height. The
victory gave the Eeathernecks
domination of Bergen Bay, east of
the Cape on the northwestern
coast of New Britain.
United States Navy Dauntless
divebombers and Avenger torpedo
bombers from the Solomons left a
small Japanese cruiser, de-
stroyer and seven cargo vessels
burning in Simpson harbor at Ra-
baul. the enemy base on the north
eastern coast of New Britain, in
a raid about noon Friday.
Heavy Liberator bombarded
Mitchell mediums, also from the
southwest Pacific command bases
in the Solomons and their escort
planes struck at the Vanakanau,
Lakunai and Rapopo airdromes in
the Rabaul area.
The Japanese sent up from so to
70 intercepting planes and lost %
in the combat which cost the Am
orleans two bombers and eight
fighter planes. Four of the Ameri-
can pilots were saved. A head
quarters spokesman said Is more
enemy planes probably were de-
stroyed.
(Tokyo radio broadcast an i'm
perial headquarters communicate
which said that Japanese naval
planes shot down At, and possibly
10 more, out of around 100 Allied
bombers which attacked Rabaul
Friday. The japanese said they
lost three planes.)
The Allied communicate ac-
counting of enemy planes downed
made a total of 1874 Japanese air.
craft shot down in raids on the
RabauI base since Jan. /.
The Wilmington morning star., 1944-01-17

Deba.> On Service Pay Is
Scheduled To Begin
Today

WASHINGTON, Jan. 16. - P -
Service men and women take top
billing on Capitol Hill this week
with mustering-out pay and SOL
diers' vote legislation drawing spe-
cial Congressional attention in this
election year.
First on the House business cal
endar is the mustering-out bill
which possibly might be turned
into a bonus measure before the
lawmakers get through with it..
Debate on the bill was scheduled
to open tomorrow and end Tues
day, and there were indications
the House Military Committee,
which wrote the measure as an
amendment to Senate-passed bill,
would have difficulty holding down
the maximum payment to $500.
A bipartisan drive developed
over the weekend to boost the top
payment upon discharge to $500,
which exceeds by 5000 the amount
voted by the Senate just before
Christmas and is 5000 above Am
erican Legion demands.
why be niggardly?" asked Rep.
Lernke (R-NDO, spokesman for a
Observation-Disclosures group adj
vocating a sliding scale from $10O
to $500. The amount would be de-
ter1nined by length and character
of service.
Chairman May D-Ky) said he
saw little chance of blocking am
endments to the military affairs
committee bill, which would apy
500 to men and women with less
than so days service and $500 to
those with more than 60 days, Of
ficers above the rank of captain
being excluded.
Another House group, headed by
Rep. Ploeser (RMoC, was ready
to fight for a program to guarantee
payments averaging S85 monthly
for not more than - months after
discharge, the amount Of each
me lthly payment being contingent
on the earnings Of the individual
after his return to civilian life.
Leaders of some veterans
groups, including the Veterans OF
Foreign Wars, expressed fear Con-
gress might make the discharge
payments so high as to jeopardize
other compensation claims of re-
turning veterans. There appeared
L. be little doubt, from testimony
elready given the military COM
mittee, that the veterans organl-
cations will demand bonus, Or ad-
justed pay, legislation after the
war.
An even livelier controversy is
expected over soldier-vote legls-
lation. booked to follow the dis
charge pay bill to the House floor.
The fight on this issue is whether
the individual States Or the Fed
eral government shall supervise
the voting of an estimated l0,00o,'
900 service men and women.
The Senate has passed bill
leaving the matter up to the States.
The Housing Elections Committee,
Continued on Page Two; Col. ~
The Wilmington morning star., 1944-01-17
0PA TO CONDUCT
DRIVE In DURHAM

RALEIGH, Jan. 16-lR-An i'm
tensive price ceiling compliance
and enforcement drive will begin
in Durham tomorrow morning with
a store-by-store check of approx
'mately 240 retailers of foods and
meats, Theodore S. johnson, RAJ
leigh district Office of Price Adj
ministration (OPA) director, said
tonight.
johnson said that many COM
plants have been received by his
office, citing violations of COM
munity ceiling prices in Durham
retail grocery stores and meat
markets.
The district OPA chief said that
the enforcement drive will be con.
Quoted by Raleigh district Off
Gals, enforcement officers and in-
vestigators, in cooperation with
the Durham War Price and RAJ
tioning Boards price panel.
A staff of IL investigators, head.
ed by Albert A. Corbett OF Smith
field, and enforcement officials I'm.
der the supervision of Frank P.
Spruill, Jr., of Rocky Mount, will
conduct the drive, Johnson said.
The Wilmington morning star., 1944-01-17
VITAL RAIL LINE CUT
Sweep Carries Soviet
Troops IS Miles Into
Old Poland

LONDON, Monday, Jan. 17-tR-s
Gen. Nikolai F. Vatutin's First
Ukraine Army alone has killed 100,.
900 Germans in three weeks in Q
sweep carrying the Russians 81
miles inside old Poland, while to
the north a powerful new Soviet
offensive has cut the Novosokolniki-
Ono railway below Lake linen,
Moscow disclosed last night.
A special broadcast-bulletin am
nouncing the terrific German cas-
ualties-nearly 5000 daily-on just
one of five major fronts in the
east also said Vatutin's men had
destroyed 2,204 German tanks and
LIZA guns, and captured 1000
Germans in the same period be-
tween Dec. "a and Jan. 13. In adj
dition massive quantities of equip
ment were seized, said the bulle.
tin recorded by the Soviet monitor.
The daily communicate ANNOUNCE
ing the new Russian strike north
of Novosokolniki said Russian
forces had driven wedge nine
miles wide and five miles deep into
the Gerryan lines in three days.
Moscow also disclosed that So
Wet troops now We're less than 10
miles from Rovno, a big rail high
way junction in Poland, were So
miles inside the former frontier of
that country in drive toward
Kovel from Sarny, and were about
Al miles from the old border in
parallel drive through the sWamps
of lower White Russia toward
Pinsk.
Heavy German counterattacks
also were declared beaten off in the
southwestern Ukraine near Vinni-
tsa and Uman.
In the new northern offensive,
Mankovo, a strongpoint % miles
north of Novosokolniki, was over
powered, Moscow said. Then tie
Red army troops swept on three
miles to seize Nasva, a rail point
below Mankovo. By Selling lasva
''our troops cut the Novosokolniki-
Ono railway over which the Ger
mans transferred their troops
along the front line said mid
night supplement.
A total of 40 localities were de-
clared taken in this new drive 70
miles east of the Latvian border in
an area which is main link in the
enemy's effort to hold onto his
seile lines near Leningrad, much
fartehr north. Among the towns
taken were Cheri, two miles SOUTH
east of Nasva, and Rovni, four
miles to the southeast.
German propagandists reflected
alarm over the new developments
in the north, where any large-scale
Continued on Page Two; Col. g.
The Wilmington morning star., 1944-01-17
DRAFT OF LABOR
MAY HURT 4-F'S
Men Are Expected To Be
Called First, If Meas
ure Is Enacted

WASHINGTON. Jan. 16 -tR-
The nations $500. 600 4-F"s-men
physically unfit for military ser
vice-may be the first to feel the
weight of government labor
draft if Congress enacts national
service legislation.
Hearings on the compulsory
manpoWer control issue will get
underway before the Senate Mill
tary Committee Tuesday with an
expected endorsement of the Aus
-Wadsworth bill by Secretary of
War Stimson and subsequent tes-
timony by 1t. Col. Francis V.
Keesling, Jr., of Selective Service.
Indications are that Selective
Service will propose specific clas-
sifications under which single men
rejected for Army service would
be subject to first call In the
transfer of individuals from one
job to another.
AS the bill now is drafted, it
would be administered by Selec-
tive Service under a director of
national service. Men from 10
through GA years old and women
from 10 through 40, except moth
els of children under Is, expectant
mothers, those in the armed SER
vices and state officials, would be
subject to it's terms.
The bill makes no mention of
the order in which the labor draft
would be applied, but Selective
Service officials are prepared to
suggest that definite classified
tons be written into the legisla-
ton. These probably would make
single 4-F's under 80 liable first,
dip next into the same class in
the age limits up to 40 and call
On family men and women last.
Stimson's projected endorse
ment was accepted in Congress
sional circles as indicating that
the administration has chosen the
pending bill. offered by Senator
Austin (R-VD and Representative
Wadsworth D-NY), as the vehicle
to carry out President Roosevelt's
recommendation for enactment of
national service legislation.
The Wilmington morning star., 1944-01-17
QUAKE DESTROYS
ANDEAN VILLAGE
5000 Dead Or Injured
Reported Following
Tremors

BUENOS AIRES, Jan. Is. -(P-
Aid was rushed today from all over
Argentina to the wrecked city OF
San Juan, high in the Andes, where
the dead and injured from four
earthquakes last night and this
n4ofnlng were said 70 number in
the thousands, although no accu-
rate check could ye, be made.
"a Santiago, Chile, dispatch quot
ed advices from Argentina as say
ing that 5000 persons were either
dead and injured. This dispatch
added that Chilean President Juan
Antonio Rios hac offered Chilean
cooperation in the rescue work.
Victims of the disaster were be-
ing taken by rail, road and plane
TO Mendoza, rs miles from San
Juan, where municipal and i'm
provised army hospitals and an
emergency city of 5000 army tents
thrown up overnight, received the
inhabitants of the almost destroyed
city of 100000.
Emergency appeals were issued
Tor immediate shipments of drugs
and other medical supplies, and
word was received here that
group of Chilean doctors was pre-
pairing to fly from Santiago, about
ITO miles from San Juan.
After three quakes during the
nlght-the first at $3.50 p. m. and
the next two at 2::54 and 1928 am.
"a fourth tremor was said to have
rocked the city at approximately
a. m, destroying more buildings
and hampering rescue work.
David Uriburu, Intervention of
San Juan, described the city as
W per cent destroyed, including
nearly all public buildings. The on
y important edifice spared was
me RaWson Hospital which was
continued on Pare Two: Col "
The Wilmington morning star., 1944-01-17

LOnlgnI.
U. S. infantrymen of the Fifth
Army speedily consolidated posi-
tons atop the formidable noun
tain south of the town after storm
ing it in two-sided assault launch
ed at $3.50 a. m. Saturday
Beyond Casino the rugged
mountains open into wide valley
leading toward Rome.
French troops swinging in upon
Casino from the northeast at the
same time have seized two more
villages and additional heights,
pounding within five miles of the
powerfully fortified German
stronghold.
Attacking on a wide arc after
a heavy artillery bombardment,
the Americans plunged to the base
of !, 475-foot Mt. Trocchio and then
swarmed up the slopes bristling
with pillboxes, concrete emplace-
ments, gun pits, trenches and
dugouts.
They wiped out these positions
and their embedded Nazi defend
ers in bitter fighting, and by
nightfall Saturday had won the
height, except for isolated pockets.
Througout today they wiped out
the German remnants and estab-
lished themselves firmly on Mt.
Trocchio.
The Germans had used Italian
forced labor to build tough defen-
ses. Clear and somewhat warmer
weather aided the U. S. assault.
Casino is the key to IT, Liz i
Valley, where the mountainous ter
rain that has made the advance of
the last two months painfully slow
opens to wide stretch of flatter
land extending to Rome some 70
miles beyond.
Through this lane runs one of
the main highways to the Eternal
City - the Via Casilina.
While capture of Mt. Trocchio
gave the Allies the last high area
in front of Casino, there still is
another mountain to be reckoned
with that dominates the town on
the other side.
The American and French gains
pushed the Nazis back along 10
miles of front
French troops pushing on through
difficult terrain occupied Cardito.
three miles northwest of captured
Acouafondata, and seized the vii
lage of Vallerontonda. They drove
to within two miles of Santa Ella.
town only three miles northeast
of Casino.
The French also won Mt. Croce,
overlooking the road leading to
Atina, highway junction nine miles
north of Casino. From Mt. Croce,
$500 feet high, springs the Ra-
pido river. 1t is one of the many
mountains of the same name in
Italy.
(The German Sunday conmu-
rique declared "strong enemy at
tacks in the sector north of Ger
varo were repealed in heavy fight
The Wilmington morning star., 1944-01-17
Mighty u. S. Bomber
Named |Superfortress'
By Allied Committee

WASHINGTON, Jan. 16. Up
- The United States mightiest
bomber, the B-29, has been Civ
ell the official name of "Super-
fortress"
The announcement appeared
today in a statement by the
joint aircraft committee, on
which American and British
military and naval services are
represented, which reported
that a long range policy for
naming warplanes had been
agreed upon.
The committee said that
names now in use for planes
already in production would be
retained and listed them. In the
list was the designation of the
B-29.
The ''Superfortress," derives
its name from the fact that it
is gigantic "Flying Fort
ress," the Bit type. Boeing
aircraft is listed as the desig-
ner Of both ships.
The Wilmington morning star., 1944-01-17
Reds Claim 100000 Nazis
Slain In Past Three Weeks;
Northern Offensive Begun
Gen. Eisenhower Arrives In England
To Lead Invasion, Nee is With FDR

LONDON, Jan. 16-lR-General
Dwight D. Eisenhower. former
commander Of the triumphant Al
lied forces in North Africa and
the Mediterranean, has arrived in
Britain to direct the Allies great
est effort of all-the western at
tack on Hitler's bristling Europeans
fortress.
The brief announcement of his
arrival was made by the ''su-
preme headquarters of the Allied
expeditionary force" newest and
most ramified of United Nations
strategy centers.
The bulletin, the first from the
headquarters, said: