davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1944-05-28
WEATHER
eastern Standard Time)


By U. S Weather Bureau)
Meteorological data for the "a hours
ending 49, p. M, yesterday.
Temperature
1870 am, 10 $3.50 am, rs; 1880 pm. 81;
1880 pm, rs.
Maximum 80; Minimum So; Mean 49,;
Normal "a.
Humidity
1880 am, 50; 7:3O am, IS, 1870 pm, A.,
7:30 pm, 83.
Precipitation
Total for the "a hours ending 1880 pm,
O 90 inches.
Total since the first of the month,
1872 inches.
Tides for Today
(From the Tide Tables published by
u S. Coast and Geodetic Survey
High Low
Wilmington observation-disclosures 2:04a 9:33a
2:38p 9:44p
Masonboro Inlet ------ 617a
12:30p 6:26p
Sunrise, sos am; Sunset. 7:1j pm );
Moonrise, 10:45 am; Moonset. -.
Continued on Page Five; Col. -
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1944-05-28

Continued on Page Five; ~ Continued Page
Evening star., 1944-09-09
Joe--Pye Weed

When summer ripens gently into tcll
! And roads ,cedr aster fringe snd cob.
iDeb lace,
goe-Pye toeed NTH its clusters dim and
tall
h Finds near the marsh an unobtrusipe
place.
1t lays small claim to beauty. IroniDeed
b Outlines its tint of faded amethyst;
A Travellers casual glance trould scarcely
heed
! Its fragile corymbs, delicate a. mist
An indian healer. 80 the legends claim,
BreiOer OF pottons, cunning IN the use
OF herbs snd stnsples, gove the plant his
by Qusnching levers NTH its bitter
juice.
We'll Mfoht poet snry yon, Joe rye,
With e04n tDced to be remembered bv.
NEz BARCLAY KIaBY.
Evening star., 1944-09-09

production centers since 1910. In the
san FRANCISCO, Los Angeles, Portland
and vancouver areas the increase in
negro population was 1l44 Der cent.
compared to total increase In popula-
tlon OF 24.6 per cent. For example. the
Negro population jumped from 75,496
10 l3o,ol9 in the Los Angeles area. in
the San Francisco area from 1879 to
o4,b8O and in the Portland
area from 2,106 to ISIS.
Reasons advanced by Negro leaders
now favoring the Republican presiden-
tlai ticket include failure of the ad-
mlnistration to do anything effective to
get Congress to pass anti-poll tax and
ant-lynching legislation. The Negroes
nave been disgruntled, too, because of
alleged discrimination against members
OF their race in the armed forces-of
Wnlcn the President Is Commander in
Chlef, and now widely advertised as
such. They declare themselves unsatis-
ned with the Democratic national plat
form, which merely says: I'VE believe
that racial and religious minorities
have the right to live, develope and
vote equally with all citizens and share
the rights that are guaranteed by our
Constitution. Congress should exert its
full constitutional powers to protect
these rights"
The Republican platform, on the other
hand. was more appealing to the Negro
vote. 1t condemned the injection into
American life of appeals to racial and re-
llgious prejudice. 1t pledged a congress
sional investigation to ascertain what dis
elimination has been practiced in the
armed forces against Negroes, and legis-
lation to correct any discrimination. It
pledged a permanent Fair Employment
Practice Commission. established by leg
islation. 1t opposed poll taxes as a
requisite for voting and favored a con-
stitutional amendment for their aboli-
ton. and it favored legislation against
lynching.
The picture presented is very different
from that in earlier Roosevelt cam
paigns-when the Negroes in great num-
bers flocked to the Democratic stand
ard, as result of the relief" money
expended upon them during the de-
preston
Evening star., 1944-09-09

The news blackout on military
operations ordered by General
Eisenhower clearly indicates that
the Allied armies from Central
France to Belgium and the Neither
lands are about to attempt a quick
smashing of the German defenses
covering the western borders of the
Reich. This defense system, which
we generally speak of as the Sieg-
fried Line, is usually known to Ger
mans as the West Wall. 1t is the
last bulwark against an Allied in
vasion of the Reich. Once through,
the Allied armies would have no
fixed defenses between them and
Berlin.
However, it is generally agreed
among military men that the West
Wall is formidable barrier. And
it should not be forgotten that the
Germans still hold in part the Bel
gian border defenses and the elabo-
rate French defense system known
as the Maginot Line These must be
taken or by-passed in places before
the assault on the actual West Wall
can begin.
If the German war machine were
IN normal shape, an Allied assault
upon the West Wall before regroup-
Ing after the helter- -skelter advance
through Northern France would be
strategically risky in the highest
degree. But the Wehrmacht is
mere shadow of it's former self. Only
remnants of the German armies
in France have been able to escape;
SO the defense of the West Wall
must be made mostly with the
strategic reserves in Germany, plus
new levies under Hitler's total mobi-
liEation order, which must be raw
In training and poor in quality.
Eisenhower is thus justified in trying
for a quick break-through which
would probably be decisive and spell
German collapse. Even If the at
tack should be repelled, the Germans
are in no posture to launch
COMPREHENSIVE which would sweep
the Allies out of the Low Countries
and Northern France once more.
The chief Allied handicap in this
new campaign is their supply prob
lem. The Germans have left gar
risons at all the principal French
ports, in order to deny us their use.
Presumably, Cherbourg is still the
only big base through which rein
forcements, heavy equipment and
supplies can be funneled onto the
continent, while the autumn gales,
now impending, may at any moment
make beach landings impracticable.
A prolonged offensive might thus
stall all the Allied armies, much as
Patton's was locally by running
ahead of his supplies. That is one
of the factors which impel the
Germans to resist with obstinate
desperation. The battle now begin
ming is thus of transcendent i'm
portance for the length of the war
though, of course, not for its ulti-
mate outcome.
Evening star., 1944-09-09

der, with factionalism held within
bounds and the nations economy
given an opportunity to ind its way
back to health. II General de
Gaulle, with Allied help, can sue
coed in bringing this about ut-pro-
viding for a general election at the
earliest feasible date-he will be
serving his country so well that 1t
will not fail to honor him. Other
wise, unless French leadership rises
to the needs OF the hour, France
may yet have to pass through long
and bitter trial initiating against
the well-being not merely Of itself
but OF Europe and the whole
world also.
Evening star., 1944-09-09
The Political Mill
By Gould Lincoln

The importance of the Negro vote in
the coming elections has led to an in
tensive drive by both the Republican
and Democratic organizations to line
up these voters. From 1892 to and
including 1910, the Roosevelt admins
tration has had the support of a pre-
ponderance Of the Negro vote, although
four years ago some of the Negroes re-
turned to the Republican fold. Reports
reaching Washington are to the effect
that this year many of the leaders of
the Negro race are now openly advocat-
ing the election of Gov. Dewey of New
York, the Republican presidential can
didate. Further, the Negro press Is Civ
ing increasing support to the COP.
The 1910 census showed 7,427 938 Ne
gro men and women Of voting age in the
United States. Approximately 2,400 900
of these were residents of Northern and
Western States, where Negro voting
is not limited by restrictive laws-as it
has been In the States of the South
Migration by Negro workers to war pro-
duction centers in these States outside
of the South has considerably increased
the number of potential voters Of their
race. It Is believed that, as conse-
quence of this migration and because
of the lifting of some restrictions in the
South, more Negroes will vote in the
coming presidential and congressional
elections than ever before.
The Negro vote has been one Of the
main reliances of the Roosevelt sup
porters in the past. Former Democratic
National Committee Chairman James A.
Farley once told this writer that as long
as the Democrats could hold the labor
and Negro vote, they would continue to
win elections. 1t is with trepidition.
therefore, that Democratic leaders are
now viewing any considerable loss Of the
Negro vote on November 7.
The very considerable Negro popula-
tions in New York, Detroit, Philadelphia,
Chicago and other urban centers In the
North and West are not new-but larger.
They might decide elections, therefore.
In the States containing these cities. If
the Negro vote swings sharply Repub-
lican or Democratic.
There has been a very large increase
in Negro populations in West Coast war
Evening star., 1944-09-09
District Second Place

~ sos AAitoI OF 1ubStar:
As long as I bve been in the Army,
better than thrl years, I've listened to
Texas fellows irag that Texas was
winning the wal and had sent more of
its population ito the service than any
otner State. W Il recently ran across
m article in YAK magaxine which re-
futed this by sNwine that Texas, With
3 per cent. OF p3ulation In the service.
ranks In 18th bee among the States.
And OF greater Interest to me was the
report that the ttrict of Columbia was
In second placekth los per cent
This fact sw4ed my pride mo less
IMAM someyhat1to steal q phrase from
Damon Runyanl because 1 grew up in
Washington. attnded Mckinley High
School and enEed the service from
Washington. n wife Is q Washington
girl. although be is now living in
Arlington, Va.
hope that it3Ront be long until the
washington boz and all other Amer
leans can retu4 to their homes and
families with II knowledge that they
nave done Their Job well. I hope and
pray that their sons and mine won't
be going on to mother war in Is years
MAJ. IGIN w. SCOTT. Jr.
Overseas.
Evening star., 1944-09-09
Test for De GuuIIe

The restoration of republican
order and stability in France will
not be easy. After four years of
Nazi occupation, during which the
economic structure of the country
was gravely undermined and the
political system changed from one
of self-government to one of op-
preston, the first months of liberia
tion must almost inevitably be
months of confusion and perhaps
not few eXcesSes and serious mis-
takes. A great nation, made up of
a highly spirited people, is bound
to be profoundly stirred and agi-
tated when it is suddenly freed
from long imprisonment, so that it's
readjustment thereafter can scarcely
be simple or frictionless.
Thus it is not surprising to learn
that Immediately after the liberia
tion of Paris members of the
French Forces of the Interior in
discriminatory arrested thousands
of individuals for crimes against
patriotism and that this roundup,
including many innocent persons of
both sexes, has created vast
muddle-a cruel experience for the
nonguilty and major headache for
the regular law-enforcement au-
thorities. BY the same token, it is
understandable that the people of
France are now faced with a diff
cult and complex political and eco
nomic situation, one in which
partisan groups-including the Com
munists-are jockeying for favor
able positions and in which there
is growing clamor to do something
about the imitation left behind by
the Nazis.
General de Gaulle and his aides
from Algiers are obviously con-
fronted with a task that will test
their craftsmanship to the utmost.
For the postliberation confusion,
though more or less inescapable as
a temporary thing, must yield as
quickly as possibley to a substantial
measure Of national unity and or
Evening star., 1944-09-09

q sort of mobile repair and maintenance
force: medical battalion and q mill
tary police platoon. The division head
quarters and headquarters company,
and signal company, complete the
division. Its total strength, including
attached medical personnel and chap
lains, Is just under IL 900 officers and
men.
But that figure does not give any
idea OF the tremendous fire power Of
the division. To begin with, every man
has an individual weapon. About half
are armed with the carbine; of the re-
mainder. rather more than half carry
tommy guns: the others-mostly in the
armored infantry-have the standard
MI rifle. The division has about 1 900
machine guns Of all types, and 100 ar
tillery pieces of .57-mm., .75-mm. and
.105-mm. caliber, in addition to the
armored cars. There are 600 rocket
launchers ("bazookas'D and almost 100
mortars.
In order to transportsand supply all
these men and weapons, the division has
about 100 motor vehicles of all sorts
and sizes. and more than 600 trailers.
Marching on single road at the stand.
ard spacing Of 20 vehicles per mile, its
column Of march would be something like
loo-l25 miles in length; but Of course the
armored division rarely moves on .
single road, but rather in multiple
columns advancing abreast on parallel
roads or even across country where
terrain permits.
The point we should keep in mind Is
that this Is fighting team-not Just
an aggregation Of tanks, roaring over
the countryside. It combines IRE power
and mobility In carefully adjusted pro-
portions. It Is by combining all these
elements under . single command, and
providing within that command for their
flexible and mutually supporting employ
ment In battle, that the American genius
for organization has produced the Tight.
ing team-the American armored diu.
sion which Z now winning 10 high .
reputation.
tcopyrisht, 1914, the Tribute Co.,
Evening star., 1944-09-09

opportunity to put into effect measures
which ordinarily would not have met
with the approval Of the highly indi-
vidualisttc French people. Their ranks
are being swelled by the addition Of q
large number Of recently unemployed.
The French factories have been work
ing for the Reich since the 1910 armi-
stice. With the defeat Of the enemy they
had tc close down and the opportunity
has not yet come for the reconversion
to q peacetime basis.
Faced with rapidly increasing cost Of
living, particularly In the industrial belt
around Paris because OF the temporary
breakdown Of the transportation system.
the unemployed are demanding not only
adequate unemployment compensation
but the actual control Of all industrial.
commercial and financial establishments
by the state. And they themselves in
tend to be the state. Most every one in
Paris is armed and there Is indiscrimi-
nate shooting everywhere.
Gen. Koenig. who is responsible for
order, and his chief of secret police can
not take drastic measures against the
men who form the underground forces.
They do not have q sufficient force in
Paris and thus cannot enforce the ord
nance intended to re-establish law and
order. As a matter of fact, no one quite
knows these days what the law is. The
Vichy ordinances have, of course, been
abolished. The old pre-vichy regulations
have been Cancelled and the new laws
established by the rump parliament in
Algiers do not hold the necessary au-
thority with the people OF Paris because
that makeshift legislative body is not
legal In the eyes of the Parisians and
they DO not feel bound by its ordinances.
The military tribunals installed by
Gen. Koenig early last week have the
task Of dealing with collaborationists
and traitors. Large concentration camps
have already been established and, ac-
cord1ng to some reports, more than 5000
individuals have been arrested. Most of
them will be tried. But under these pres
ent conditions Of uncertainty and lack
OF real authority, the various factions
OF the underground and some elements
VINO represent themselves as patriots
have the power to denounce any one.
II the individual thus denounced be.
longs to the well-to-do or near-well-
to-do classes he is certain to land behind
oarbed wire. 1t is repetition. fortunate
ly on much smaller scale, of the reign
OF the French Revolution.
A change in the situation depends en-
t1rely on the wisdom of the present
French leaders-De Gaullists and under
ground men-and on the speed with
which they can summon q regular ma
tional assembly to place a national gov
ernment In control. In the meantime,
tnere is an outcry from many quarters
Tor an American force to enter Paris
and remain there.
Evening star., 1944-09-09
This Changing World
By CossfsSijse Broscs

With the exception Of preassigned
portions Of the Reich where American
forces win assume military and civil
administration, American soldiers will
not take over police duties In any Of
the liberated areas.
In spite Of the requests OF some French
industrialists who are panicky over re-
cent developments In Paris, the forces
Of 1t. Gen. George s. Patton, for in
stance, have given the French capital
a wide berth. They had to intervene
to help the French resistance groups
defeat the Germans; later. at the re-
quest of 1t. Gen. Joseph Pierre Koenig,
two divisions marched through the city.
but continue on their way chasing the
Nazis.
On instructions from Washington.
Gen. Eisenhower is determined not to
interfere with the internal affairs Of
any Of the liberated nations, which will
have to work out their own solution as
best they can. The political keg In
France, and In all probability In other
liberated countries, is too explosive. The
United States Government does not wish
to appear to Be using a strong hand on
behalf Of one political faction.
Oncial observers realize that Gen.
Charles de Gaulle has q very dimcult
problem. But. they hope that after q
while and particularly after the whole
OF France has been cleaned up Of the
enemy, the French people will get to-
gether and work out solution to the
satisfaction of every one
As things stand now, however, Paris
is said to give the impression OF city
In full rebellion. The middle classes
and the monied classes-industrialis
and bankers-are on the spot. They
have co-operated in one way or an
other with Vichy or the Germans. This
Is considered by the populace as a crime
and there Is a loud outcry from the
ground movements demanding the i'm
mediate naturalization of the factories
and banks. Their owners and share
holders, they say, madesa great deal of
money during the four years of occu-
patton and have led a life of luxury.
Payday has come, say those who had
lived on pittance for so many months.
The owners reply that the factories
have been kept open and the banks
have continued to operate, because 9TH
erwise they could not have given en-
ployment to hundreds of thousands of
working people. Had they refused to
obey the orders of the Germans or the
Vichy government, their factories would
have been closed or taken over and the
lot OF the workers would have been even
harder.
These arguments are falling on deaf
ears. There are many Frenchmen who
see in the present situation an excellent
Evening star., 1944-09-09

this is 30. The Rhine u not merely
the "most important commercial
river Of the continent. - Lippin-
colts Gazetteer calls 1t. Military
scholars for generations have real
tied that 1t also Is the only natural
defense OF tinner" Germany: start
ing In the snow-covered mountains
Of Switzerland. its primary power Is
the melted ice Of glaciers centuries
old. Two arms unite ct Reichenau
in the Canton OF Grisons. The con-
solidated waters move toward Lake
Constance, enter the latter body
near Rheineck, form part Of the
boundary Of Austria. now through
the Untersee to Basel. Now the
stream assumes an entirely new
complexion" It's course lies between
the Vosges and the massifs Of the
Black Forest area. For q while It
spreads over portion of 4 valley
twenty miles wide. Then abruptly
1t descends "in majestic leaps"
known as the falls of schafYhausen,
until a level Of eleven hundred feet
above the mean Of the ocean is
reached. From Basel to Lauter-
bourg, opposite Karlsruhe, the west
bank is French.
The purely German part Of the
river is highway through q dozen
OF the richest towns in the Old
World. Merely to name them is
sufficient to demonstrate what the
Rhine signifies as line Of commune
cation-Strassburg, Speyer, Mann
helm, Ludwigshafen, Worms, Mainz,
Bingen, Coblenz, Bonn, Cologne,
Dusseldorf and Wesel, each Of these
famous cities stands where 1t does
because OF the moving waters Of the
celebrated channel. Tributaries, in
cluding the Ill. the Neckar. the
Moselle, the Ruhr and the Lippe, add
to the dynamic Of the Rhine, give
it weight to help in the work of
cutting deeper and deeper its path
to the north. 1t enters the Neither
lands below Emmerich, divides into
two branches-the Dude and the
Nieuwe Maas-both of which even
tually reach the North Atlantic
through the North Sea. The total
length Of the main system is ap-
proximately seven hundred miles. It
connects with tie Danube through
the Ludwig Canal and with the prin-
cipal waterways Of France, Belgium
and Holland through other ARTIFICIAL
links. Thus it draws traf1ic from
Antwerp, Amsterdam and other busy
ports indirectly. A large STARE of
It's tonnage invariably has been
fuels, ores, cereals-all heavy COM
modities. Railroads parallel the
stream and cross it over bridges at
several places. The traditional
beauty Of the valley has been marred
by industry within the memory of
living men, but the medieval legends
OF the Nibelungenlied still persist
against a background not utterly
spoiled.
Evening star., 1944-09-09
Lette to The Star
Sees 'Ba3 Problems' Unfaced
BY Bal Political Parties

TO the 1diter efhs star:
The sadd3 fact about our political
approach tdthe problem Of creating
Jobs and pr3crity after the war Is the
apparent izpility OF either political
party to fad the most vital economic
facts.
Chief amol the entirely obvious fea-
lures Of our fonomic situation Is that
We eadly caipfuduce plenty Of goods,
but cannot chte an equivalent plenty
OF purchasing bower, at least not with
OUT going 1nt4ebt 1t the present ruin
ous rate OF l-odd billions Of dollars
year. WhAevery one seems to as
sumo, and w3out the slightest basis
OF truth, Is TIL when we create wealth
IN our indDtes, such activity auto
maticaIy repstents an equal increase
IN the nations buying power.
This assumnon Is utterly false, ex-
cept IN an ecoAmy operating on . bar
YER basis, whid ours Is not. In past
decades We mde up for this weakness
IN our system what is loosely called
Expansion" n few have understood
tnat this expaiPon must and does car
ry with 1t an DIAL expansion of public
or private deb
Unless our bstwar planners really
viii grapple VT basic problems, there
isn't chance d 10 carload that We shall
enjoy any but fools prosperity after
the war and evh that only for q short
ume. Our neef are not long enough
Tor US permandtly to assume the ira
ditional postur@pf the ostrich, refusing
to face unple,ant truths. It seems
to me 1t is vi to our newspapers to
kid" our statehen thic) into meeting
this issue, inaSuch as they refuse to
apply common tense. 1t is later than
We think. We ant muddle through
not IN our higfPower civilization.
ECONOMIST.
Evening star., 1944-09-09
Plune for Peuce
By David laurence
Fam the Ottawa tKansJ Herald.


Diplomatic quarters in Washington
SET in the superbomber, the B-29, q
fire idea for keeping the peace in the
hkh-speed postwar period. A weapon
that can travel around the world with
ott having to stop too many times
ia refuel, that doesn't need bases too
cbse to where 1t goes into combat, may
b utilized in policing the world after
his war is over. and in helping to pre-
vent wars In the future. 1t doesn't solve
tie problem Of setting up peace ma.
chinery In which all nations will CO.
operAte wholeheartedly. That is some-
thing for diplomacy alone to work out.
But after the world has become ergan-
lied for peace. 1t must have the weapons
for police duty.
Evening star., 1944-09-09
The Rhine

War, In many instances, is q
contest for rivers. The present
campaign of the Allies in Western
Europe may be regarded as a move
ment for the control Of the Rhine.
When that historic stream has been
brought under the governance Of the
forces Of liberation, any further
resistance of the Germans wilf be
useless. =
A glance ut the map shows why