davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1944-06-08

The Allied problem is therefore to
defeat these forces separately. When
one of them Is beaten, 1t can be re-
1nforced only at the expense of one or
more Of the others. II this cannot be
done, 1t must fall back toward the CEN
tral keep of the fortress-Germany
itself-in order to shorten its fronts
and Its lines Of communication.
This Is what the German armies In
Russia have been doing This is what
the German army in Italy is doing now.
This Is what the German armies In
France will do If they cannot with
stand the Anglo-American onslaught.
The Allied purpose must be to keep
up constant pressure all around the
vast perimeter which the Germans are
seeking to defend. The Germans must
never be able to weaken any part of
that perimeter without riSking immedi-
ate disaster right at that part.
Let us take another supposition: Kes-
selring is now retreating north of Rome.
He Is being closely pursued. He is be-
ing harried from the air. It is quite
conceivable that an Allied landing
might be attempted somewhere behind
him, athwart his line of retreat. Should
this happen, nothing could prevent the
nnal destruction of some Is or 20 Ger
man divisions (Which Germany cannot
replace) except the timely arrival of
additional German divisions to beat off
the landing. But where are these divi-
slons to come from? Certainly this is
not the moment to ask Marshal Won
Rundstedt to detach troops from France
II Marshal Won WEIGHS in the Balkans
Nz.
new Allied invasion thrust into Yugo-
slavla may be opened, perhaps at Split,
which would give the Germans a new
and serious problem If Southern France
is stripped of troops, an Allied landing
from Corsica is possible. And the Rus
sian front is too far away for help from
there to arrive in time.
But let us carry this sort of thinking
a little farther. What will be the Ger
man situation when the Russians
launch a full-scale offensive, as they
are most certainly on the point of
doing? Then every army commander
along that front will begin to call for
reinforcements, just as Kesselring did,
and there will not be enough reinforce
ments to 60 around
1t seems likely that the net result of the
decisions which the German high COM
mand will be compelled to make, deci-
sions great and small, under the pres
sure of events, will be to yield territory
In order to save men and to hold the
eastern front at all costs even at the
price of permitting an Allied advance in
the west. For above all things the Ger
man people dread Russian invasion
of Germany.
But we have not yet come to that
point. The Germans can see that far
ahead just as well as We can. They will
do all in their power to avoid being
forced to make any such series of de-
cisions. And the only way they can do
1t, the only way they can obtain relief
Evening star., 1944-06-08

I There is, Of course. . great deal of
difference between the two invasions.
The Germans were taken somewhat by
surprise at Anzio and had to rush troops
from the 10th Army stationed 10 miles
away.
According to reports from Gen.
Dwight d. Eisenhower's headquarters 1t
appears that there was neither tactical
nor strategic element of surprise In the
present operations on the French coast.
This would explain why the only en-
gagements which have occurred 50 far
have been only minor ones.
The Germans obviously are watching
the Allied concentrations before decid-
ing to strike back. It Is certain that
they will counterattack with strength as
soon as our invasion force has pene-
trated deeper into the country-at least
20 miles inland.
Gen. Eisenhower has studied the
situation carefully and has not 1ulled
himself into the hope that the main
job after occupation of q number Of
important beaches will be to mop up
strong German forces. The main battle
for Europe has not yet started. We are
trying to rush across the Channel under
the protection of the fleet and air arm
as many troops and material as possible
to overcome the first shock of the Ger
mans. That this will be delivered with
tremendous strength is q foregone con-
clusion.
The German high command did not
intend to put up blum when it con-
centrated the best available units of
the battle-tried but not yet battle
weary German Army The Naz troops
are now concentrating to begin the last
major resistance in this war. That 1t
win be fierce no one in the Allied camp
doubts. The Germans best troops, the
leftovers Of the Luftwaffe-upward OF
1000 planes-and their ablest generals
are now in France ready for q fight to
the finish.
Evening star., 1944-06-08
For | Have Seen

Lot no one say, 1T only he had hped
TO see this day; this hour for tohich
he prayed
And tonged and dreamed-could time
but be retrieved
One feeting instsnt, though history
tDere betrayed,
And let his eyes, rotD sealed Uith alien
dust,
Behold the miracle: The cannon
stilled,
SDords turned to plotoshares, armG-
nleflts to rust,
And daisies grotping ,olrere the bright
blood spilled"
Let no one griepe. for huue seen 1t all:
sato it clearly, a dream made mani
fest
reaped the harpest long before the jail:
Let no one griepe:: / tuelcome this long
rest,
HdDing seen and k,totprs all that would
come to pass.
tell you this bettUeen the tDaping grass.
MAE WINKLER GOODMAN.
Evening star., 1944-06-08

Cotentin Peninsula, and has been
developed as naval port and for
tress ever since the reign OF Louis
XIV. The first Napoleon spent vast
sums of money on the harbor and
its defenses. His predecessors, dat
ing back to 1895, had failed to hold
the shore against the English, and
it was his intention to reverse the
process conclusively, using his works
as base of attack upon the hated
shopkeepers across the Channel.
Nelson is remembered as Britain's
answer to the danger.
LIE Havre, at the mouth of the
Seine, also was aimed at England.
From the protection of its towers no
less than one hundred and seventy
six vessels assembled by Francis T
set out to assault the Isle of Wight,
opposite Southampton, in f545.
Richelieu and Colbert both at
tempted to make the town a domi-
nant factor in the Atlantic theater
of operations. British fleets fruit
lessly were directed against 1t in
1894 and 1876. The modern basins,
improved in the comparatively re-
cent past, were large enough to
accommodate the biggest ocean
liners. How much they have been
damaged by Allied bombardment in
advance of the invasion is a matter
of speculation. But there can be no
question about such facilities being
wanted by the liberators.
Meanwhile, landings are reported
in the declivities of the Wire, the
Orne and the Dives. Barfleur was
the point from which the White
Ship, with Prince William, only son
of Henry T, on board, set sail in 1920.
It struck a rock in the roadstead and
sank, leaving only poor butcher to
tell the sad tale of the fate of its
passengers. Saint vaast, Isigny,
Arromanche, Asnelles, Trouville,
Villers and Honfleur are seaside
resorts in normal times-small
equivalents of Deauville, with casi-
nos, hotels, boarding houses, shops,
race tracks, golf courses and other
summer attractions. More signifi-
cant objectives are Bayeaux (now
taken), where the famous tapestry
depicting the Norman Conquest is
preserved, and Caen, the site of the
conqueror's celebrated foundations,
the Abbaye-aux- Danes and the
Abbaye-aux-Hommes, and the scene
of his disgraceful burial in 1887.
The main roads from the Channel
to Paris pass through Rouen, where
Joan of Arc was burned, and
Evreaux, the center of the grain
country.
Evening star., 1944-06-08
Norman Coast

The coast of France upon which
the Allied forces of liberation have
established number of beachheads
is known to thousands of Americans
who in times before the war visited
Normandy as tourists. 1t is historic
ground From the neighborhood
came the followers Of William the
Conqueror, from whom many of the
principal characters in the annals
of the United States descend.
Reading from left to right across
the map, Cherbourg long has been
one of the most important strategic
outposts of Western Europe. 1t oc-
cupies the northern extremity Of the
Evening star., 1944-06-08
The German Situation
By Maj. George FieIdina Eliot

1t has long been expected that there
would be a temporary shortage of de-
tailed news for the first day or two after
the beginning Of the great invasion.
This expectation has certainly been
borne out by events. We Just don't
know how the invasion Is progressing,
and as one United Press correspondent
in England puts 1t: ANY one who says
he knows how wide and deep the beach
heads are, or how many Allied troops
have landed in France, is talking through
his hat" Later on, of course, we shall
have plenty of detail, so perhaps this
is q favorable moment to analyze the
strategic effect of the invasion, the So
called ''big picture" and let the tactical
detail wait until we know more about it.
In order to make such a strategic
analysis we must look at the situation
from the German point Of view.
The German air power has not been
destroyed, but its offensive element
the bomber force-has very nearly been
put out of action by the need for de-
voting most of German aircraft produc-
tion capacity to turning out fighters for
defense against the Allied bombers.
Thus the German air force is not only
weak and unbalanced, but it is growing
weaker at the very moment when it
faces its supreme test. 1t has, there
fore, become a weapon of opportunity,
or in the alternative a force capable of
only one short continuous burst of con-
centrated effort.
The German surface navy has almost
ceased to exist Such few ships as it
still has might do little damage before
hainU HoStrouoI hof {S oil hot I,
said.
The submarine force has been con-
quered on the high seas. its normal
hunting ground; it may still be used
defensively, but under coditions which
would hardly be favorable for serious
accomplishment.
There remains, however, the German
Army. This is the mainstay of such
German hopes as still flourish.
The German Army is greatly reduced
in numbers from its former flourishing
estate. 1t still has over 800 divisions,
but most of these divisions are smaller
than they used to be, and many of them
are mere defensive" divisions, deficient
in infantry and transport
The task of defending the fortress of
Europe Is not easy. The German Army
Is carefully disposed, within the limita-
tions of its power, for this task. But
those limitations are very definite. 1t
has about go per cent of its strength
along the Eastern Front, against the
Russians; just under 20 per cent in
France and the Low Countries, against
the Anglo-American armies; while the
remainder is disposed in three minor
fragments of almost equal strength, one
In Italy, one in the Balkans, and one in
Norway, Denmark and Finland. The
whole available strength of the Ger
man Army Is fully deployed in these
various areas. There IL no central
reserve.
Evening star., 1944-06-08
Our Allies, the Oppressed

With Allied troops once again on
the soil of France, tired old Marshal
Petain exhorts his countrymen to
be correct with the Germans, to
obey his DEGREES and not to listen
to outside voices" This is an indi-
cation of sorts that Vichy and the
Nazis are uneasy about how the
French people may respond to Cen
eral Eisenhower's appeals, the first
of which warns against premature
uprising.
1t is too early, of course, for the
underground to show its hand
throughout France or for the popu-
lace in general to resort to any
spectacular action. Indeed, it is
doubted In some quarters that any
thing sensational will develop in
this respect. the point being made
that although they are anti-Nazi,
the overwhelming majority of
Frenchmen may remain entirely
passive and more than little re-
gretful of having their land con-
verted once more into an active
theater of war, especially since the
years of oppression and occupation
have left them physically weak and
perhaps spiritually weary.
1t may be that this is what we
shall see in France. 1t may be that
only a minority of the people-the
organized resistance movements
will offer active help and that that
will be of small significance. Yet
Marshal Petain's querulous admoni-
tions suggest the contrary and the
tone Of General EiSenhower's mes
sage to the oppressed millions i'm
plies that our Allied high command
expects to receive a great deal of
aid when the proper time comes,
both in the form of such direct
action as sabotage and indirect
contributions like the gathering of
military information valuable to our
troops.
Considering what they have suf-
fered at the hands of the enemy,
the masses of France must surely
be anxious to promote the advance
of our forces in whatever way they
can. General Eisenhower, at any
rate, apparently believes so. His
appeal, moreover, is addressed not
only to Frenchmen but to all the
peoples of Western Europe, in whose
countries other Allied landings may
be made before the summer ends.
Evening star., 1944-06-08

tige of the President. This the Re-
publicans must face.
The debate in the House arose over
resolution to extend the period in
which those involved in the Pearl Har-
Dor disaster may be brought to trial,
without the statute Of limitations run
ming against such trials. Republicans,
led by Representative Short Of Missouri,
demanded that the bill put . three
months limit on the time for trial,
which would at least have the force Of
congressional action favoring trial be-
fore the November election. The Ad-
ministration Democrats supported q
committee amendment allowing years
extension.
Democratic Leader Mccormack of the
House put the matter quite frankly. He
said he believed three months ex-
tension was unwise. Our country" he
said, SIS in the middle Of q great war.
We are all human beings, and 20 are
all Americans, and we are subject to
human emotions and reactions. Be-
tween now and next November we are
going to have political campaign.
Under peace-time conditions 1t Is one
thing, but under war conditions it is
certainly for the best interests of all
Americans to try to minimize as much
as we can during the war any emotional
reactions which may tend to confuse or
divide our people"
A Minnesota Republican, Representa-
tive Knutson, Immediately interpreted
this as meaning the Democratic slogan
would be Stand by the Commander in
Chief" In the coming election. And he
added. Il think we should bring this
whole thing out in the open before
election, in order that the American
people may determine for themselves
whether or not he has the capacity to
carry on this war in the way it should
be carried on" And that the Demo-
Gratis must face.
The progress of the war will neces-
sarily play an important part in the
political field in this country. If the
advance into Europe is speedy, the in
terest in war news is likely to blanket
the Republican National Convention
which opens June rs. II, however, the
Mani resistance stiffens-and the CAM
paign runs for months as 1t did In Italy,
resurgence of interest In politics is
bound to follow
Evening star., 1944-06-08
This Changing World
By Constantine Bro,cn

The first critical period in the battle
for the liberation Of Europe is expected
to come between next Saturday and the
following week end.
From the mass Of available reports
1t appears that the Germans have only
thinly covered the beachheads where
the Allied invaders struck They seem
to have learned their lesson from the
fighting around Salerno, where their
forces, aware of the arrival Of the
Allies, attacked the invading forces with
maximum strength as soon as they
reached the beaches. The artillery fire
Of the small American British fleet COM
PEELED the Germans to withdraw with
heavy losses.
This mistake was not repeated by the
Germans in this weeks operations. It
appears that the Notifications UP to
about II miles from the seashore were
not important. The German high
command realized that no pillboxes or
fortresses could resist the fire from the
Allied battleships. Our real opposition
will come in an area which cannot be
covered by the fleets guns.
The aviation has played and will
continue to play an extremely important
role. It's main task, however, will be to
disrupt the enemy's lines of communica-
ton, supply bases and concentrations.
Well-constructed fortifications can be
damaged only slightly by even the
heaviest bombs. This has been shown
in Italy and particularly in the Central
Pacific where at Tarawa we suffered
severe losses because we relied on avi-
alton rather than gun power for the
destruction Of the Japanese fortifica-
tions.
Military observers believe the Ger
mans win adopt tactics similar to those
at Anzio, where the American British
forces met real opposition only IL hours
after they landed.
Evening star., 1944-06-08
The Political Mill
By Gould Lincoln

Playing politics with the war Is in
the naking-even as the greatest effort
Of the entire desperate struggle is under
way-the invasion Of the coast Of
Europe.
Representative Clark, Democrat, Of
North Carolina, speaking in the House
on Monday in opposition to an early
courtmartial of Admiral Kimmel and
Gen. Short for the Pearl Harbor de-
bacle, said: TOO many people in the
United States and in this chamber
would rather see Roosevelt put out of
the White House than to see Hitler put
out of Berlin"
His remark was directed at the Re-
publicans and those Democrats whG
have demanded that the trial Of these
officers go forward-2A years after
Pearl Harbor-and the country be in
formed where the guilt lay for this
disaster. He charged, in effect, that the
opponents Of the President desired to
reveal facts which would place the
blame at the White House door, for
failure to have the armed forces prop
erly on the alert.
But such q charge inevitably leaves
the public wondering whether the Adj
ministration has something to cover up.
It causes people to wonder, too, whether
the full facts about the progress of the
war will be revealed in the future and
1t causes extreme bitterness.
The Democrat campaign for the re-
election of President Roosevelt will be
based fundamentally on the need for
retaining him as commander In chief
the one man who knows how and where
the war is to be pressed. Democratic
speakers, more and more often, as they
urge his denomination and reelection,
refer to Mr.. Roosevelt as "our Com
mander in Chief"
Inevitably the opposition viii be forced
into the position Of questioning the
Presidents ability as commander in
chief Of the armed forces. The skirmish
in the House over the Kimmel- Short
case is merely indicative of that fact.
This has nothing to do with the
ardent wish of all Americans worth
their salt that the war be pressed ef1ec-
lively and quickly to victory and the
more successful are American arms In
the war, the greater necessarily the pres
Evening star., 1944-06-08
Criticizes 'Paciist Position

Criticizes 'Pacifst Position
To the Editor of The Star:
In your issue Of June 1, o. J. Schuster
acknowledged the awakening OF d ray
of hope in his pacifist breast ''that at
last an editor" might display some in
telligence in dealing with the war
question.
hold no brief for the defense of
editors. 1t has been my experience that
they are well able to manage their own
defense. My comment, therefore, is
correcting the pacifist reactions set forth
by Mr.. Schuster.
He seems to labor under the impress
sion that revolution against war and
denunciations thereof support the pAci-
fist position. II that were so, then all
of us are pacifists. Not only can high
ranking military men be found who hate
war: all of us hate war
Hatred Of war, however, does not de-
liver us from war; Hatred Of war is
found in the hearts of millions who
have no sympathy with the pacifist
position. Because people hates war
does not deliver them from the attacks
of aggressors.
We need to know, therefore, whether
Mr.. Schuster would have us lay down
our arms now and stop war because we
hate 1t. Would he have this country
overrun by aggressor nations as a con-
sequence Of our refusing to take up
arms? Gen. william T. Sherman, Gen.
Smedley Butler and others who are
named in Mr.. Schuster's letter were not
more tired and sick of war than all
the rest Of us. There are worse things
than war, however, and one Of them
now Is being disclosed in Europe in
the deprivation of human liberties and
the subjugation of races, which would
be our own lot If we refused to fight as
the pacifists would have us do.
1t was because of pacifism that Amer
lea was unprepared to meet the ag-
gression which was visited upon her.
1t was because of pacifism that we were
weak. Pacifism undermines the strength
of any nation which adopts It.
do not question the sincerity Of Mr..
Schuster's deep-seated convictions. I
take such sincerity for granted. My
contention Is that the convictions are
not based upon truth.
CARLYLE B. HAYNES.
Evening star., 1944-06-08
Blames Politics for Wars

10 tne Eoltor OF Inc star:
If nonisolationism will bring perma-
nent peace, as some of our political
leaders contend, then certainly that
should be our aim. However, before all
the bars are removed. why not have
those who SO contend substantiate their
claim with clear and specific written
statement, so that, in event things do
not turn out as contended, there will be
no room for argument as to who made
the mistake?
Frankly, am skeptical of politically
conceived ways to prevent war. And
the reason I am skeptical is because
politicians for thousands of years have
been directing the worlds affairs, and.
instead of war diminishing, it definitely.
is on the upgrade in both scope and
destructiveness
In view of this, 1t would appear that
before man follows much further po-
htically conceived ways to stop war, he
should pause for spell and take a
thorough inventory to ascertain lust
what Is going on. J. J. sPERRY.
Evening star., 1944-06-08

from the inexorable pressure all round
their circle, is to defeat the Anglo
American invasion in the west. II they
can do that they can obtain at least
temporary relief, chance to rebuild
their fences elsewhere, perhaps even
q chance to try to make some sort of
composition with the Russians. Hence
we may be sure that we shall see very
strong and even desperate German
efforts 10 ron our invasion back into the
sea.