davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Proletarec. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1906-19??, 1944-06-14
AngIezi Liubiio titeIne

Viscount Halifax, XII je angle
Ski poslanik pr ameriski vladi,
je bill "a svoje zasluge cd kralja
poviSan v earla, kar je ena mai
viSjih aristokratskih casti V an
gleskem imperiju.
Proletarec. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1906-19??, 1944-06-14

Ako ste prejeli opOmin, da VAN
je narOGnina potekla, prosimo, OBJ
nOvite jO cimprej!
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1944-12-29
Traditional New Years
Gifts Were Sacred

The Druids distributed branches
of the sacred mistletoe, cut with
peculiar ceremonies, as New Years
gifts to the people and the Saxons
observed the day with gifts and fes-
tivals.
The Roman custom of taking gifts
to the emperor was introduced into
England as early as the time of
Henry III. Queen Elizabeth is sup
posed to have supplied herself with
her jewels and wardrobe almost en-
tirely from these gifts.
AS late as 1892 the English nobility
were accustomed every year to send
to the king purse containing gold.
Under the Tudors and the Stuarts
it was the habit of all classes to
give presents to friends with the
best wishes for the New Year.
Ladies received presents of gloves
or pins which were then expensive.
Sometimes the gifts were wrapped
in money and from this practice we
have the term 'pin money"
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1944-12-29
New Years Eve
Festive Occasion
For Native Scots

Christmas never aroused much
enthusiasm in Scotland but on New
Years eve the Wassail bowl goes
around, filed with savory liquid nos
talgically fragrant.
Floating atop the Wassail bowl,
apples stir memories of the apple
bowling" when boys switched the
trunks of fruit trees petitioning "a
good bowling crop: somehow, the
lambs wool" Gas the decoction of
the Wassail bowl is often called)
seems reminiscent of young folks
rushing to the nearest spring at the
stroke of IL to drink the cream OF
the well"-the first one so doing,
might expect good luck during the
ensuing year.
Handsel Monday-the Monday aft
er New Years, is additionally the
''big Day" for Scotch boys and girls:
and, in addition to being the Scotch
day of gift-giving, it is a day of
feasting and gaiety.
Small wonder, that families and
friends gather on New Years eve to
) "Drink cup of kindness yet
; For Aud Lang Syne."
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1944-12-29

Telephone Company resulted in West
ern Electric's becoming it's manufac-
turing unit.
At this time telephone calls were
limited to the subscribers immediate
community. Year by year, Western
Electric ingenuity, coupled with Bell
System engineering talent, stretched
the distance. The telephone spanned
the nation in 1915. U. S. Army avi-
ators spoke by radio telephone from
plane-to-plane and from plane-to-
ground in 1917. The world accepted
electrically recorded and reproduced
monograph entertainment in 1919.
The vacuum tube improved long dis
lance telephony, and in 1922 more
powerful vacuum tube resulted in
Western Electric's successful radio
broadcasting transmitter. In 1926
the Western Electric sound system
revolutionized silent motion picture
entertainment. Regular commercial
service by radio telephone to Europe
became a reality the following year
and quickly spread to the entire civil
lized world.
In the meantime the Bell Telephone
Laboratories had been formed to con-
centrate on research, and a great va
riety of by-products Of the telephone
art Joined forces to provide for better
living. These included improved aids
for the hard-of -hearing, electrical
stethoscopes, artificial fever machines,
marine radio telephones, an artificial
larynx for the mute, audiometric ap-
paratus, radio compasses and other
navigation aids, and finally, as a pre-
lude to the marvellous and ultra-secret
electronic instruments of World War
II, the absolute altimeter, introduced
in 1888, which, through timing the
echo of radio wave, gives pilots the
exact height above the terrain, wheth-
er over water, land or hidden OBJ
struction.
With Pearl Harbor, production of
telephone equipment for purely
civilian use virtually ended. Today no
U. S. pilot takes to the air without
the support of some Western Electric
essential. Radio sets from the skilled
hands of telephone makers plunged
across the Siegfried line in U. S.
tanks. Electrical gun directors, con-
tanning elements from nearly all of
the company's dozens of manufactur-
ing sites, helped to blunt the counter
attacks of the Luftwaffe and to trans
form many buzz bomb into harm
less puff of smoke. The results of
these miracles of peacetime tech
nology-armed for warfare, in bat
tle-front action on land and sea and
in the air, helping our fighting men
speed the day of peace.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1944-12-29
Tell Me an Indian
New Years Story

The ceremonial for the snow has
passed, when enemies are forgiven
and harsh words forgotten, as new
trail has been blazed for all through
the New Years festivities.
The storytelling grandmother has
taught the ancient chants and GUS
toms through the beads of the
strings of historic wampum; but now
she again has time to entertain the
children.
Gathered around her lodge-fire,
they plead for another story with
their bright eyes and shrill voices.
To satisfy them, she tells an ancient
legend about the clouds.
"Long moons ago when the world
was first made, the sky at win
tertime was cloudless much as it is
on clear midsummer days. The
ground was covered with white snow
and the trees, except the pines, stood
bare. The cold wind whistled around
the bark cabins; and with a cloud
less sky, everything above and be-
low looked dreary.
'The children, too, missed the
green leaves and changing colors
over the landscape and they gave
wish that the sky might have clouds
now and then. 1t is true, dark-gray,
fierce-looking clouds came in great
masses and covered all the sky and
let down snowf1akes to amuse the
children. But the children also
wished for bright clouds and the old
bear in the sky heard their wishes.
$50 the old bear blew his moist
breath into the heavy clouds and
broke them up; he even made
humps in some of them, and held
on to the corners Of others, until
when they passed over the village,
each cloud had a different shape,
some like bears, some like wild cats,
some like hills and even some like
funny people. Ever afterward, the
clouds took these strange shapes
to bring smiles and imagination to
all children in midwinter. DIR.
E. A. Bates, Cornell.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1944-12-29

WAR has always been an excellent
culture medium for the bacillus OF
tuberculosis, said Dr. Victor F. Gull
len, vice-president of the National
Tuberculosis Association, Superin-
tendent OF State Sanatoria, and
member of the Executive Committee
of the Maryland tuberculosis Associ-
alton, In a statement issued regard
| ing the course of the anti-tuberculo-
sis campaign under war conditions.
Facing this country today is the
problem of whether the improvement
in technique of tuberculosis control
can meet the emergency in the fight
against the disease" said DR.. Cullen.
In the warning European countries
reports Indicate that tuberculosis is
rapidly increasing, DR.. Cullen pointed
out. Here, in the United States" he
said, "the public health service, the
tuberculosis associations and the
medical profession have long been
| fully aware of the new problems in
| fighting tuberculosis in times of ma
tional stress, particularly war;
"Great effort has been made to
prevent any rise in the disease in this
country" DR.. Cullen said "but al
ready a number of cities show a
slight increase in the tuberculosis
death rates. This" he said, was
probably due to the speed-up in in
dustry, the increased strain on the
people, plus the over-crowded hous-
ing conditions
One of the biggest problems facing
this country is fighting infectious
diseases whick, in both the Army and
the Navy of the United States during
World War 1, were responsible for
more hospital admissions, deaths and
days lost than were battle injuries,
DR.. Cullen pointed out
Combating tuberculosis-th dis
ease that kills more persons between
the ages of S and As, the very group
on which the security and survival of
tkis country depends a vital part
of our war effort. In fact there were
$1,000 Americans killed by T. B. last
year." he said
'In the final analysis, this war will
be won in the factories that produce
war supplies, by the workers who
make them. On the health of these
workers we must rely for victory!
Tie national level of health must be
raised by fightirng infectious diseases
and keeping the nation strong and
productive to meet the test of the
coming months
The MARYLAND Tuberculosis Associ-
alton, which is in the midst of it's
9Sth annual Christmas Seal Sale,
consequently will place heavy empha-
sis on finding tie cases of undiscov-
cred tuberculosis among everyone in
the attempt to overcome the rise in
the disease, according to DR.. Cullen's
statement, and urges all persons to
please make their returns for their
Christmas Seals.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1944-12-29
A Good Resolution

One of the New Year resolutions
that would mean increase of happi-
ness in many a family is this: Not
to speak of mistakes which make
no difference. How arguing over
nothings mars the home harmony.
An erroneous opinion may need cor
rection, but what possible difference
does it make whether Aunt Jane
came to dinner Tuesday or Wednes-
day, or whether it rained Friday or
Saturday.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1944-12-29
Turtles Intelligent

Contrary to general impression,
turtles are fairly intelligent crea-
lures, scientists report. They can
be taught to run a maze, and their
general level of behavior is on a
level with some of the mammals.
Far from being color blind, the tur-
ties range of color perception is as
wide as mans. A curious anomaly
is the fact that although turtles are
able to make grunting sound,
scientists believe them to be totally
deaf. Perhaps as a substitute for
the lack of a functional sense of
hearing, they are especially sensitive
to vibrations received through their
shells.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1944-12-29
INJURED IN AUTO ACCIDENT

Mr.. Samuel r. Mitchell of Oaking-
ton, Hartford county, was seriously
injured last Wednesday Afternoon
when his automobile struck the rear
of a truck on the Philadelphia road,
about one mile south of North East.
The sun was shining in his eyes. He
Remembered seeing the truck in the
distance, but had no further recollec-
ton until he awakened in the Elkton
Hospital. He suffered severe lacera-
lions of the head, neck and knee. The
car was completely demolished.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1944-12-29
Taxes Keep Pace With
Rising National Income

Increase of al per cent in total
tax collections - federal, state and
local - between 1899 and 1913 repre-
sents rise of only per cent in
proportion to the rising national in
come during these years, the Fed
Grafton of Tax Administrators said
today after analysis of pre-war and
wartime tax collections.
The three levels of government
collected Excluding social security
taxes, considered insurance pay
ments) $12,6O2, 100000 during the
1889 fiscal year, which represented
1875 per cent of national income for
that year; total collections for fiscal
1943 = $50, 1898, 900, 900 - were 23.5
per cent of total fiscal 1943 income.
National income Excluding undis-
tributed corporate earnings), how
ever, rose 80 per cent during the
five-year period, from $68, 021 600, 900
for the 1889 fiscal year to $129, $780,
900, 1000 for the 1913 fiscal year.
Relatively moderate increase of
total tax collections in proportion to
national income is explained, the
federation said, by the fact that
local taxes decreased, not only in
proportion to the growing national
income but in absolute amount,
while state collections during the
same period did not keep pace with
the swift rise in national income.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1944-12-29

The Department of Geology, Mines
and Water Resources has just issued
a bulletin of 296 pages entitled
Summary of Records of Surface
Waters of Maryland and the Poto-
mac River Basin 1S92-1943."
This bulletin brings together in
one volume the records. of the flows
of Maryland streams from 1892 when
the first stream gauging station was
installed to 1943 when there were
80 stream gauging stations in opera
ton in the State. 1t includes also the
flow records of all stations in the Po-
tomac River basin outside of Mary
land. These records are equivalent
to a total of $50 years.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1944-12-29
Presidents Reception

1t has been the custom from the
beginning of the Republic for the
President of the United States to
welcome the New Year by holding
a reception open to the general pub
lie.
On the first New Years day after
his inauguration President Washing
ton opened his home to receive the
people. Throughout the seven years
which Washington lived in Phila-
delphia as the capital of the nation,
he continued this custom.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1944-12-29
New Years Day Ante
dates the Birth of
Christ by 452 Years

The celebration of New Years on
January began in 452 B. c., and
therefore, contrary to logical reason
ing, had nothing whatsoever to do
with the birth of Christ.
The ancient Roman calendar be-
gan in, and with, the month OF
March: there were ten months, the
last six of which were named Quin-
tilis, Sextilis, September, October,
November, and December-or, the
Fifth, Sixth, Seventh, Eighth, Ninth
and Tenth months respectively. Nu-
ma added two months, January and
February, placing the former at the
beginning of the year. and February
at the end. In 452 B. c., February
was placed between January and
March: thus establishing the order
of months as of today. The ancient
calendar year did not correspond to
the solar year and by the time the
days of Julius Caesar rolled around
the actual and calendar equinoxes
we're months apart: a situation which
Caesar set out to remedy.
Caesars astronomers and calen-
dar experts fixed the calendar year
at 1865 days-and because they esti-
mated the solar year as of 1854
days-an extra day was to be add
ed every fourth year. This Julian
calendar was effective, by decree
of Caesar, on January l, As B. C.
Actually, the earth goes around
the sun in 1865 days, hours, 48 min
utes, and 46 seconds: and by 1882
A. D., the Julian calendar was 10
days behind the sun. Pope Gregory
XIII remedied the situation by or
dering that the calendar play leap
frog and the intervening days be-
tween October and October IS,
1882, were lost forever.
In order to prevent repetitions of
the sun running away from the cal
endar and vice versa, Pope Gregory
decided that a leap year should be
omitted now and then: hence only
those years Invisible by four-ex-
elusive of years numbering the GEN.
turies-should have 366 days, and
the century-marking years shall be
leap years only if Invisible by four
after the ciphers have been omitted.
The Gregorian calendar has been
officially adopted in most countries
of the civilized world: however,
many creeds and peoples still cele-
brate their religious and traditional
festivals in accordance with ancient
calendars.
Pre-Christian Roman inaugurated
the new year by offering sacrifices
to the gods, exchanging greetings,
and bestowing gifts. During the
early Christian centuries, New
Years festivities persisted and be-
came so boisterous that the faithful
were forbidden to participate there
in.
After December Is had been es-
tablished as the day of nativity, the
church made January a religious
festival honoring the circumcision Of
Jesus: the day being thus observed
in the Roman church since 487, and
in the Anglican church since 1549.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1944-12-29
REAL ESTATE SALES

Wheeler & Grier, Realtors, of OK
ford, have sold for Walter j. Ander-
son, the 3-story brick dwelling, No.
234 South Third St., Oxford, Pa, to
Perry E. Smith of Jennersville, Pa,
now being operated as a tourist
home. The new owners will take pos
sessions on January Is, but all of tie
present occupants are to remain on.
The same brokers have also sold
for j. R. McCoury, his 50-acre farm
near Pine Grove, Chester County,
Pa, to Stanley Russell of Baltimore,
Md, who will take possessions on or
about March /
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1944-12-29
Lard Storage

Lard, in general, keeps longer
than butter or margarine, but not
as long as the hydrogenated cooking
fats and oils. 1t will keep its fresh
flavor only if it is stored, closely
covered, in cold, dark. dry place.
Warmth, light, moisture and air,
or too-long storage encourage ran
cidity. No one should buy more than
she can properly store.
The chief value of lard In daily
meals is that it is a cheap, easily
digested source Of Galleries, helps
introduce flavor and variety into
meals, and helps food to "stick to
our ribs"
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1944-12-29

During November nearly 1OO,OOO
men and women, comprising the
nation wide family of the Western
Electric Company, observed the or
ganization's 18th anniversary. Western
Electric, the manufacturing, purchas-
ing and supply unit of the Bell Sys-
tenn, has become, during World War
II, the nations largest producer of
communications and electronic equip
ment for the Armed Forces.
AS part of the anniversary obser-
vance, employees of the company in
key cities from coast to coast, pre-
viewed feature-length motion pic
ture entitled Heritage For Victory
which dramatizes the growth of the
organization over three quarters OF a
century and demonstrates how the
cumulative skills, technique and ex-
perience gained through rs years
made it possible for the company to
meet the great challenge this war has
imposed upon it.
The story of Western Electric be-
gan in Rochester, New York, during
the dark and uncertain days follow
ing the Civil War. Enos Barton, an
alert young telegrapher, wished to
manufacture finer telegraph instru-
ments. He formed a partnership in
Cleveland, Ohio, with Elisha Gray, a
prolific inventor and former professor
of science at Oberlin College. Their
reputation for quality workmanship
transformed their humble shop into a
mecca for inventors, among them
Thomas A. Edison.
In the midst of promising success,
an invention of Professor Gray caused
the small shop to outgrow it's limited
facilities. The invention consisted of
an improved printer telegraph which
automatically printed telegraph mes
sages on a paper tape. General
Arson Stager, vice-president of the
Western Union Telegraph Company,
instantly recognized the commercial
possibilities of this device and, after
acquiring a financial interest in the
partnership, he persuaded Gray and
Barton to move the business to Chi
cago. In 1872 the firm adopted the
name Western Electric Manufacturing
Company.
Professor Gray learned to send
music over a telegraph wire. Con-
certs were transmitted by his char
monte telegraph" from Milwaukee to
Chicago four years prior to the inven-
ton of the telephone. Given a little
time, Gray was certain he could send
speech over wire, but Alexander
Graham Bell emerged as winner in
the race for that honor. In 1881 ne
gotiations with the American Bell
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1944-12-29
Bowl Game Feature of
Ne,U Years Since 1916

Since 1916 the Rose Bowl football
game has been played annually on
New Years day as cofeature of
Pasadena's Tournament of Roses.
The championship team of the Pa
cific Coast conference invites an
Eastern contender selected from
among the teams which have made
the best records during the autumn
playing, thus making the game one
of Americas outstanding intercolle-
giate sporting events.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1944-12-29
MOONSHINE WHISKEY CAUSES
DEATH OF BOY

A tragic accident occurred Mon
day when five-year-old Ernest Fair
cloth, who was walking in the woods
with four boys aged about Is years,
drank quantity of moonshine
whiskey which he found in an aban-
doned still near Darlington. The child
was brought to the Hartford Memorial
Hospital in paralyzed condition and
died ON Wednesday.
Ledger, Havre de Grace.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1944-12-29
Holidays and Special
Events of New Year

The year 1945 is not leap
year, so February will again have
the usual 20 days. The holidays
and special events for the new
year will be as follows:
LincOln's birthday, February
IL; Washington's birthday, Febru-
airy %; st. Patrick's day, March
II; Easter, April 1; Mothers day,
May 10; Memorial day, May 80;
Fathers day, June II; Independ-
ence day, July q; Labor day,
September 3; Columbus day,
October IL; Armistice day, No
vember IL; Thanksgiving day,
November %; Christmas day, De-
cember rs.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1944-12-29
Mexican Clock

Many Mexican families still OBJ
serve the "old clock system on
New Years eve. On - table in
main room of the house, lighted
candles surround a tiny casket,
upon which stands a clock. On the
stroke of midnight the clock is
stopped, placed in the casket and
buried in the garden, symbolizing
the passing of the old year.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1944-12-29
First to See Year

The little British colony on Han
son Island, in the Chathams, Ala
miles southeast of Wellington, New
Zealand, will be the first to greet
1915. 1t is just east of the inter-
national date line, from which all
time is reckoned.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1944-12-29
PRAYER FOR THE NEW YEAR

Dear Lord, ask Thee
For this Neso Year,
An extra gift Of courage
My liffle trials to bear.
ask NOT for success;
For a0ealth or fame or poiCer;
I ask for added faith
To lipe life, hour BY hour.
Cipe me kindly thought, Lord,
To use for charity.
i0anf no gold 70 give,
TH spend kind thoughts for Thee.
Ruth RichDine Smith.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1944-12-29
YOUR BIRTHsTONE"- NEW
FEATURE IN COLOR

In the first of series of striking
pictures in color, Willy Pogany, en-
inent artist, portrays January,s maid
wearing the gems she prizes most.
Look for this page-one picture in the
January 7th issue of
THE AMERICAN WEEKLY
Favorite Magazine With The
BALTIMORE a
SUNDAY AMERICAN
Order from Your Newsdealer
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1944-12-29
English New Year

The English New Year celebra-
ton was changed from December
- BY william the Conquercr, be-
eeuss be was crowned on January !,
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1944-12-29
Everybody Sign

Why not have somebody delegated
to draw up set of good resolutions
for US all and just have US sign
them?
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1944-12-29
New Year VVith Hindus

Among the Hindus the first day of
the year 10 celebrated with sacgi-
o. % Tie ed & Xildana
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1944-12-29

Doctors and preachers have the
same trouble. They can't do much for
people who think they know every
thing.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1944-12-29

Pity the loyal partisan who has
brains and a conscience. He must out
rage both to preserve his loyalty.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1944-12-29

This from "Heyitage For Vy shows original
switchboard Boston BOARD
and Switched calls directed by the "talkers"
subscribers supervising OPERATOR
ground the confusing procedure
prospective
office
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1944-12-29

Pest: Any creature that feeds on
mans property because man destroy
ed it's natural food.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1944-12-29

Every minute five barrels of oil
are extracted from whales in the Ant
arctics by the various nationalities
fishing there. That's 500 worth every
so seconds!
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1944-12-29

Five hundred establishments In
the U. s, grow mushrooms dark.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1944-12-29

Americas second largest producer
of canned fish is California. They
make $50 pounds of California sar-
dines-every minute!
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1944-12-29

Charity isn't the only thing that
covers multitude of sons. Look at
the word Democracy.