davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Wilmington morning star., 1944-04-15

for a fourth term and to send
kilograms demanding legislation
Endorsed by the communist front
of the CLIO.
The NMU is part of Sidney Hill
mans political action group of
the CLIO.
The Wilmington morning star., 1944-04-15
Fair Enough

,Ediotr's Note-The Star and the News accept nc
responsibility for the personal views OF Mr. Pesier
md often disagree with them much as many o.
his readers His articles serve the good purpose o.
making people think.
The Wilmington morning star., 1944-04-15
IMPROVEMENT PLANNED

WASHINGTON, April 14-lR-
A $711,0OO postwar project for
improvement of the Lake Worth,
Fla, inlet will be included in tn =
House-passed rivers and harbors
bill as Senate amendment,
Senator Andrews D-Fla) said to-
day.
The Wilmington morning star., 1944-04-15
Our Chief Aim
TOP OF THE MORNING
To aid in every way the prosecut
the war to complete Victory.

Out from the gloom Of wars dark night
Gripping the world through blighted
years,
Bring us doubt and haunting fears
Soon shall be seen Loves kindly light.
Out from the tomb shall life once more
Wake to new beauty; terror shall pass
God is still God: His will shall be done
Wherever shines His kindly sun.
Hatred, and strife and war shall cease
There shall be peace!
Thomas Curtis Clark.
The Wilmington morning star., 1944-04-15

There are more than $500 spe-
cies of ants.
Evening star., 1944-09-14
Germuny's War Aim

Early in August, 1918, three months
before the Armistice, the German
high command knew beyond the
shadow of a doubt that the Kaisers S
armies were beaten and the war lost.
On the face Of things, Germany
should have surrendered then, but
1t chose instead to keep on fighting,
with the result that hundreds of
thousands of casualties were suffered
by both sides although the military
decision had already been reached
and could not be reversed.
1t may thus be said of the Ger
man high command Of 1918 that it
was cruelty reckless, continuing the
battle for no better reason, appar-
emily. than to gamble with other
peoples lives on the extremely re-
mote possibility that the magnitude
Of the Reich's defeat could somehow
be minimized. Or perhaps the last
bloody months OF the war were de-
liberately employed by the general
stan In Berlin to cut down as many
Allied youths as possible so as to
make 1t easier - especially by de-
stroying the flower of French and
British manhood-for Germany to
attack its neighbors again after
couple of decades OF peace.
Today Hitler's Germany is in the
same position as that of the Kaiser's
Germany in 1918. except that 1t
seems incomparably worse of. Block
AIDED by sea, pounded remorselessly
from the air, in the process Of being
deprived Of all the foodstuffs and
vital raw materials OF Europe, and
hammered on every side BY invading
Evening star., 1944-09-14
out. At any rate, Mr.. Denny reports
the Allied entry A follows.

out. At any rate, Mr.. Denny reports
the Allied entry as follows:
"A large part, II not the majority,
OF Eupen's population appears to
be German In temperament and
sympathy. Not a single flag was
flying anywhere and we got few
friendly looks. No one offered us
a drink or handed babies up to be
kissed. A child waved at us and his
mother slapped his hand down.
Three German soldiers who had
been captured - drew sympa-
thetic glances and one woman
started to cry. Some people on the
sidewalks waved at the Germans
and ignored U.S."
Such graphic testimony is reveal
ing. OF course, borderers are pro-
verbally ultrapatriotic. and the
sentiment may be different further
on. But 1t Is we'll not to cherish
illusions that only the Nazis are still
in fighting mood.
Evening star., 1944-09-14

Baron George Bessenye, an emissaYy
Of the Hungarian regent, Admiral Nich-
olas Horthy. arrived this week in Bern,
Switzerland, with surrender terms to
the American and British governments
Baron Bessenye has been In touch with
the United States Minister to Switzer-
land, Leland Harrison, and with British
Minister Clifford Norton who, 1t is be-
sieved, already have transmitted Hun
garys proposals to their respective
governments
Whether they can be approved de-
pends not only on Huneary's full ac-
ceptance of unconditional surrender, but
also on Russia's attitude So far, the
Moscow government has not been will
ing to accept surrender alone; 1t has
insisted that the former enemies join
the Allied powers and become CO.
belligerents.
Responsible diplomatic quarters here
believe that the offered surrender will
be referred to Russia without delay.
Hungary Is a Central European state
which geographically does not belong to
the Balkans. But politically 1t has been
regarded In the last few years, partic-
ularly since the outbreak of the war, as
belonging to the same group as the
Balkan Kingdoms and republics, and
consequently Is within the Soviet zone
of influence.
The Russian military operations in
the last eight weeks have been concen-
trated primarily in the Danubian, Black
Sea and Cafpathian areas where there
are no American or British ground
troops. The air forces Of the western
powers help facilitate the task Of the
Russian armies, but no British or Amer
ican troops are in Eastern Europe, nor
is 1t likely that any will be sent.
The Red armies already have broken
through several Carpathian passes and
are now marching toward Rudanest
Evening star., 1944-09-14
How Will Germans Act?

One of the most discussed topics
today in Allied circles is the attitude
of the German civilian population
when our armies invade the Reich,
Opinions vary widely on this mat
ter, They range all the way from
optimistic forecasts that the Ger
man masses will be passive or even
relieved to sterner predictions of
general fanatical resistance. Also,
there is the question of different
attitudes in different parts Of the
Reich.
The first actual penetrations of
Allied troops on German soil are
putting such guesses to the proof
Such penetrations are as yet few
and shallow. Consequently they
are in the nature of samplings
which are not conclusive and from
which too broad generalizations
should not be drawn. However.
they seem to show that civilian
morale, like that of the armed
forces, has not cracked, and that
we can expect little but open or
covert hostility from the German
population.
The most striking testimony to
this effect is found in current
dispatch from Harold Denny. field
correspondent of the New York
Times, He describes the amazing
change from the wild enthusiasm of
the Belgian border town of Yer
viers to the sullen frigidity OF Eupen,
only few miles beyond. The case
Is all the more striking in that
Eupen Is one of the districts which
was transferred from Germany to
Belgium under the Versailles settle
ment, but which was promptly re-
annexed to the Reich when Hitler
overran Belgium in 1910. Either the
twenty years of Belgian rule had
made little difference in popular
sentiment or the Belgian feeling
element had been effectively weeded
Evening star., 1944-09-14

been settled there Is next the question
OF co-ordinating their efforts with those
of the Chinese. This coordination is
the more necessary If the objectives of
our forces include landings on the Chi
nese coast and the establishment Of
direct contact between our seaborne
forces and the armies OF Chang Kai-
shek.
Obviously such contact would be i'm
mensely facilitated If the Chinese can
continue to hold any seaport which has
direct contact by road with the main
centers of Chinese strength. Quite as
obviously as we approach from seaward
we should do all we can by means Of
air forces and otherwise to help the
Chinese hold such q position-either one
they now have, or one which they may
be able to get.
Some help in this matter may also
come to the Chinese from the direction
OF the China Burma India theater. This
is probably the knottiest problem in CO.
ordinated effort which must be solved,
but 1t Is not easy to see how the Ap-
pointment of an overall commander in
chief would contribute to its solution,
since 1t involves so many problems con-
nected with the internal situation and
strength of the Chinese forces and since
all physical contacts with China in the
military sense are at present 50 pre-
carious and uncertain.
Finally there Is the question of CO.
ordinating the Pacific effort with that of
the Southeast Asia command In the
Indian Ocean and the Bay of Bengal.
But II distance has compelled us to
divide the European command into
western and Mediterranean theaters,
distance rules much more severely
against an overall command for the
Pacific and for Southeast Asia at least
until the two forces are much closer
together on their eventually converging
lines of operations than they are at
present
On the whole, the prospect of the
appointment Of what some headlines
have called IAN Eisenhower OF the Pa
cidc" appears to be hedged about with
many difiiculties-not the least of which
Is the fact that the main effort against
Japan ut this time Is . seaborne effort
and We have not yet reached the stage
where the ground effort takes over and
becomes the main show as 1t has in
Europe.
tcopyrisht. 1914. New York Tribune, Incl
Evening star., 1944-09-14
This Changing World
By Constantine Brown

The chain Of mountains which the
sidered impossible for any forces COM
ing from Romania are now being crossed
by tens Of thousands Of Russian soldiers,
supported by their co-belligerents, the
Romanians.
The powerful Red offensive between
the Prut and Tisza Rivers has two
fold purpose From the strictly mill
tary view, 1t Is intended to deprive the
reich of Its last satellites and by the
occupation OF their territories to make
the German fortress" even more vul-
nerable.
lieved to be determined to establish her
influence in the satellite countries while
the war Is still in full swing
Regent Horthy unquestionably Is try
Ing to save himself and the Hungarian
upper class which has collaborated with
the Nazis. In 1919 Hungary went
through Communist experience under
the leadership of Bella KUN. That ex-
perience was short-lived and was sup
pressed with the aid of the Allies, par
ticularly the French Army Of Occupa-
ton. But while there has been little
Communist activity In Hungary In the
last Is years, strong Communist un-
derground has developed which is ready
to take over from the countrys pres
ent rulers.
Horthy is playing losing game. Hun
gary is considered as being in the Soviet
sphere Of influence, particularly since
Russian armies already are on Hun
garian territory. AS In the case Of Bull
saria, the government of the 77-year-old
admiral will have to resign and a new
government friendly to the u. s. g. r..
will have to be formed In Budapest
Their emissaries probably will then be
received in Moscow. where armistice
! terms will be given
Evening star., 1944-09-14
Pacific Command
By Maj. George Fielding Eliot

QUEBEC, Sept. l3.-There has been
considerable discussion in the press
about the possibility that the Quebec
conference may consider, with other
points, the appointment of an over all
commander in chief for the war against
Japan who would, in respect to Amer
lean and British commonwealth forces
occupy a position similar to that Of
Gen. Eisenhower in Western Europe
On the surface this may seem a wise and
necessary idea. Yet there are certain
difficulties which must be considered.
To begin with, we should remember
that Gen. Eisenhower does not COM
mand the whole of the Allied war effort
against Germany, nor even the whole
of the Anglo-American effort. He COM
mands the Anglo-American forces in
Western Europe, but those in the Med
iterranean are under another COM
mander in chief, Gen. Sir Henry Matt
land Wilson; these two commands are
co-ordinated through the combined
chiefs of staff and both must be CO.
ordinated with the Russians by the
available channels of communication
between London and Washington on
the one hand, and Moscow on the
other, within the framework of the
general principles laid down at the
Teheran conference.
When we come to consider the ap-
pointment of an inter-Allied COM
mander In chief for the Pacific and
Far Eastern areas, we must first ask
ourselves what forces this commander
In chief is expected to coordinate and
control.
We have the vast American amphib-
ious effort in the Pacific, of which the
two phases are commanded, respectively,
by Admiral Nimitz and Gen. MacAr-
thur. These two efforts are now NOV
ing on converging lines toward the
Philippines-Formosa area. 1t may.
therefore, become necessary or at least
advisable to place them under single
command, or at least to provide some
means Of securing close coordination.
Since Gen. MacArthur's position is
that of an linter-Allied commander in
chief and since his authority rests upon
strategic directives agreed to by the
Pacific war council on which the United
States, Great Britain, Australia, New
Zealand, China and the Netherlands
are all represented, any change in his
position would seem to require consul
tation and agreement among these
powers.
This would be the case, either If Gen.
Macarthur were to be placed under the
command of Admiral Nimitz, or il he
were to be placed jointly with Nimitz
under Z new overall commander in
chief. II Gen. MacArthur's command
were to be extended to include Admiral
Nimitz's naval forces, the necessity for
inter-Allied agreement would seem less
clear, since this would be purely an
American decision.
When the question Of the command
Of OUR converging Pacific forces has
Evening star., 1944-09-14
BRIGHT Moments

Ho,p brief they are. the bright n,on,e,ts
De knotD,
StOitt as arrotDed ,oings upon the So,
Elusipe as the nlilktpeed's doton, to bbp
On any pdgrnnt mind that hurries h.
Bright moments may be tDocen on a
tDord
Soft spoken BY q friend, perhaps
song,
Small things are treasures. scarcely sen
or heard,
Yet memorys gold-leaf stamps tltm
operlong.
The heart stands tiptoe at some honey
thing,
A tree leaned on cloud. tedthsed
fern,
One slim green shard that breaks hs
heart of spring,
tOr butter forming in a small gAss
churn.
Fair as daUn and poignant as any oief.
Bright moments are more precious for
being brfef.
ALMA robson H1oDE;.
Evening star., 1944-09-14
Questions About Quebec

Questions About Quebec
To the Editor Of The Star:
When will the American people be-
come so mentally alert that is, free
from gullibility-that they will cease to
swallow misinformation like fish swal-
lows an anglers hook. line and sinker?
Evidently the astute and sagacious
press correspondents took with a pinch
of salt the realisticness of the assertion
of the political mouthpiece of the White
House, Mr.. Early. when he apprised
them that the conference now being
held in Quebec is to be considered fol-
lowup to the Pearl Harbor conference
with General Macarthur and Admiral
Nimitz
Gould anything be more ridiculous and
absurd in the light Of the fact that the
men who are shouldering the respon-
sibility for the success of the war In
Europe and in the Pacifc-Gen. George
c. Marshall, Army Chief OF Staff; Ad-
miral Ernest j. King, Chief of Naval
Operations, and Gen. H. H. Arnold, Chief
Of the Army Air Forces-were deliber-
ately left behind?
AMERICA FIRST.
Evening star., 1944-09-14

Two fears are expressed regarding the
reference of the use Of armed force to
Congress at any time the international
council deems 1t necessary The first is
over possible delay by Congress. The
second is that other nations of the
world, including possible aggressors,
would be led to think the United States
did not really intend to back UP with
armed force the decisions of the interna-
tional council. In other words, the in
fiuence Of the council and of the whole
international organization would be
weakened.
In the light of the terrible striking
power of modern weapons of war, any
delay might be extremely costly and lead
to long conflict. Congress might not be
in session. Or II 1t were, lengthy debate
in the Senate and House might ensue.
Or Congress might not agree to the use
OF armed forces of this country. The
last is what other nations will fear or
gamble upon.
Congress has in the past acted with
Woodrow Wilson only three days to get
. VOL lCoOiuu1otl iii AOu6Il UOtlI IlOtlSCS III
1917. 1t took william Mckinley only
one day to get action on a war resolu-
ton with Spain. In both cases. however,
sentiment in this country had been
raised to boiling point over a long
period of time. After Pearl Harbor,
President Roosevelt's appeal for a war
declaration was answered Immediately.
Congress reputation for delay has grown
not out Of making war, but making
peace.
The present international converse
tions at Dumbarton Oaks, at which sue
cessful preliminary plans for interna-
tional collaboration have gone forward,
are forcing this issue. In the end, only
Congress can make the decision. 1t will,
however. be . decision Of tremendous
import.
One compromise that has been sug-
gested is that Americas council member
shall have authority to vote finally on
the use of armed force In the future
when dealing with the present aggressor
nations-Japan. Germany and Italy.
This, however, does not take into con-
sideration that another powerful nation
might crop up as an aggressor in years
to come.
One thing is certain. an impotent in
ternational organization will never keep
the peace
Evening star., 1944-09-14
The Political Mill
By Gould Lincoln

The Congress-particularly the Senate
and the American people soon will
have to begin considering seriously the
use OF armed forces to preserve peace in
the world. and how that use Is to be
authorized. 1t Is one thing to set up an
international organieation-as now pro-
posed-for the maintenance Of peace
and quite another to give it necessary
teeth
Republicans-among them Gov. Dewey
Of New York-as we'll as Democrats.
have made it clear they are willing to
collaborate with other nations for peace,
even to the use of force So far as this
country Is concerned, however. it re-
mains to be determined who is to have
the Anal say about the use of the
American Army and Navy. The pre-
sumption is that an international coun-
ell will be set up, authorized to deter
mine when force and economic sanctions
are to be used against an "aggressor
The United States will have its mem
ber OF this council The nub of the
question is whether this representative
or the executive branch Of the Govern
ment-shall have the authority to cast
Americas final vote on the use of force.
1t is either that or action by Congress.
The use of American armed forces
means war. The Constitution Of the
United States says The Congress shall
have power to declare war" 1t
Is perfectly true, however, that armed
forces Of this country have been used in
this hemisphere and in China in the
past without a declaration of war. 1t is
further true that If the Senate ratifies,
or the two Houses of Congress ratify an
international agreement authorizing the
use OF an American quota of armed
forces for the maintenance of peace, this
may remove the constitutional question.
Already there are signs Of q coming
clash over the question of the use Of
American armed forces. under any In
ternational security pact, without COM
ing to Congress for specific authorize =
tion. Senator Vandenberg, Republican,
OF Michigan, during recent debate in the
Senate, has indicated a willingness to
authorize the use of American forces for
the preservation Of peace If any conflict
is threatened in the Western Hemi-
sphere. or If this use is not calculated to
involve the country in jor war. If.
however, the proposed use of American
forces is likely to involve this country in
a great war-then. in his opinion, Con-
gress will have to pass upon the issue.
Evening star., 1944-09-14
Library BUDGET

In budget estimate released by
the District Commissioners yesterday
"a substantial public library con-
struction program" is proposed. The
sum OF $1,422,33O will be asked for
in an endeavor to bring the existing
Public Library plant" up to date as
well as to meet current operat-
Ing expenses. In comparison
with other cities of similar size
and cultural character, Washing
ton has been tagging in the former
regard for years. The expenditures
for new buildings authorized by Con-
gress in 1888 were urgently needed at
that time, but they were halted by
the war. Now, with the population
OF the Capital constantly increasing
and the demand for public library
service growing consistently day by
day, the whole inclusive problem has
become acute.
large portion of the desired solu-
tion certainly would be accomplished
II the request OF the library oflicials
for $600,000 to begin construction of
the second and the third units of
the new central library on Pennsyl-
vania avenue between Sixth street
and John Marshall place and for
alterations and furniture for the
f1rst unit OF the same structure-now
temporarily occupied by a bureau
OF the Federal Government-were
granted.
Similarly, it would help If funds
were provided for taking the first
steps toward building the six major
branch libraries wanted to relieve
pressure on facilities currently
operating under conditions of de-
plorable difficulty. The expansion
OF Washington during the past two
decades has had the effect of Gre
ating number of new neighbor-
hoods which naturally require
libraries Just as they do schools and
churches. Every consideration of
logic and economy supports the be-
Lief that 1t is better to take libraries
to people, especially to children, than
to oblige them to come considerable
distances for books. The keenness
OF public interest in branch library
construction has been demonstrated
IN recent months by a campaign
staged by citizens of the Cleveland
Park area to raise money to aid in
the purchase of site for branch
library in their midst.
Nothing requested by the library
officials is so novel as to demand
explanation. They speak for a hum
dred and sixty-three thousand bor-
rowers registered in the library index
as we'll as for practically the entire
Juvenile community served through
collections of books distributed to
classrooms. In certain more COM
prehensive sense, they represent
every resident of the District of
Columbia. The kind of city Wash
ington will be in the years ahead will
depend in large measure on the kind
of public library system it has No
other educational establishment
works every day and every evening
and throughout the entire life
OF each individual seeker after
knowledge.
Evening star., 1944-09-14

Allied armies, 1t has very definitely
lost the war. Yet, as was the case
26 years ago. 1t continues to fight on,
with Its leaders surely being aware
that nothing short OF d miracle can
now change the military outcome.
Possibly they have some faint hope
that there will be a'last- minute split
among the Allies, or they may enter
tain desperately wishful thoughts
about their secret" weapons, but in
their lucid intervals they must
realize that they are finished, even
though they may yet be able to delay
their end and do great damage with
such vengeance devices as the
giant rocket bomb which has still to
make its long promised debut.
Is 1t possible that the German
people themselves are not aware Of
this? Is it possible that they do not
know that they are fighting now, not
to change the military decision
which is beyond changing-but only
to delay the personal doom of Hitler,
Himmler, Goering, Goebbels and
others Of the Nazi hierarchy? Ger
many is not battling for itself these
days; it is battling merely to let a
criminal clique have a few more
weeks or months of life. That is its
sole war aim. apart from a possible
desire to satisfy its seeming psyche
logical prediction for Gotterdam-
merung climaxes.
If the German people are too be-
fuddled or dense to have recognized
this as yet, perhaps our Allied radio
and other means Of communication
should engage in a redoubled effort
to explain to them just how the
matter stands and to make very
clear that If they persist in fighting
for such futile and unholy aim,
they will win nothing in the end but
more ruin for their country.