davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1944-03-29
Stephen Leucock

Stephen Butler Leacock lived sew
eral different lives. He was coinci-
dentally a distinguished economist,
popular and successful teacher, an
effective advocate OF the solidarity
OF the English-speaking peoples a
skilled writer of history and biog-
raphy and, certainly, one of the very
greatest humorists who ever has
stirred hearty laughter in modern
times.
Let 1t be said without delay that
ne gave the impression of being a
happy man in all of his many roles.
He came of the folk and was de-
Gently proud of the fact. Born in
Hampshire, England, December 30.
1869, he accompanied his parents to
ontario as a small child; and his
early memories were of an honorable
but tedious poverty on a farm near
Lake Simcoe. Poor crops drove him
and his brothers into more lucrative
labor. But money was hard to win
even in the cities in DR.. Leacock's
youth. He studied at Upper Canada
College and the University of To-
ronto and as a member of the fac
ulty of the former from 1891 to 1899
learned to sympathize with those
who toll in "the worst-paid profess
sion in the world" His philosophy
degree was earned at the University
OF Chicago. Joining the staff of
McGill University, Montreal, in 1908,
he remained there despite competi-
tive offers from other schools until
his retirement in 1886.
DR.. Leacocks serious writing. he
repeatedly declared, was "easy
enough" Such classic" volumes as
his Elements of Political Science"
"Unsolved Riddle of Social Justice"
and British Empire" were put to-
gether according to familiar and
traditional rules for which he was
not responsible. BY contrast, though,
Literary Lapses," Nonsense Nov
els" 'Moonbeams from the Larger
Lunacy," "Frenzied Fiction" AFTER
moons in Utopia" and all the rest of
his library of fun represented
"arduous contrivance" which in his
experience was limited only to "for-
tunate moments" Nothing he
Aligned was carelessly done. His con-
Evening star., 1944-03-29
A Big Army

Two scientists in Berkeley. Calf,
claim to have isolated the growth
hormone. This ne plus ultra of
vitamins Is at home in the pituitary
gland. and when introduced into
the body at any other point some
how hitch-hikes its way through the
bloodstream until it can park at
the pituitary and go to work stimu-
lating growth. At least it does in
rats. and the experimenters hope it
will work on humans "in time to
help in the war"
Before developing a race of super
men, however, 1t would be advisable
for these scientists to consult the
War Department. The chances are
that a howl of anguish would arise
from the quartermaster corps, that
unglamorous, hard-Worked but
vitally necessary part of our armed
forces. Could the ONO provide
tent-sized uniforms and elephantine
shoes, to say nothing of enough
chow to satisfy soldiers who could
consume hundred meat points as
an appetizer between meals? They
would hardly f1t into passenger
coaches on trains-could the rail-
roads find enough fiat cars to carry
them? Is there enough shipping
available to deliver division of
giants to the front, even assuming
that they could sleep on deck? And
even at the front, would they not
furnish targets that even Door
enemy marksmen could hardly
miss? These and other questions
should be settled before proceeding
further along such dangerous lines.
Our Army must grow to a big one,
but perhaps the orthodox method of
growth by numbers. not individual
size, is better.
Evening star., 1944-03-29
A Poor Bill

In the eighteen years since crea-
ton of the Board of Public Welfare
there have been many changes in
the size and scope of its responsible
tiles. Public welfare" in 1925 en-
braced little beyond citizen trustee
ship for certain penal, correctional
and eleemosynary institutions, up
to that time divided between
number of boards. There was, for
instance, no public assistance, as we
know it today. Vast new conceptions
of public responsibility, with complex
administrative problems, have been
advanced since 1888.
In these circumstances it is prob
able that the law creating the Board
of Public Welfare needs amendment.
But not in the form of the Commits
sioners' bill now before the D'Alesan.
dro subcommittee. That bill goes
about the business of amending the
law like a bull in a china shop. 1t
reduces the board to an impotency.
that would destroy any sound reason
for it's continued existence. Nobody
would have to pay much attention
to anything the board did, and it is
to be doubted that anybody would.
Under the present arrangement,
there is a joint responsibility in
public welfare between the Board
of Public Welfare and the Commits
sioners 1t is unrealistic for the
Commissioners or anybody else to
attribute the rundown condition of
some District institutions to failures
by the board. 1t is dodging the facts
to lay the blame on the system"
represented by the board What is
chiefly responsible has been failure
by the Commissioners to obtain
adequate appropriations failure
the Commissioners may share, if
they wish to share it, with the
Budget Bureau and the appropria-
tions committees, but hardly with
the Board of Public Welfare. SO
In his testimony yesterday, Com
missioner Mason spoke of the need
for a more scientific" approach to
the welfare problem. What social
scientists were consulted by the
Commissioners in drafting this bill? p
What Washington citizens in the
public welfare field were asked in
for counsel? What efforts were
made by the Commissioners to 20
into the background of the citizens
discussions before 1926 to learn why
there should be a Board of Public
Welfare? What study have thew
made to determine what responsible
tiles are best retained by the board.
and which ones should be assigned
directly to the Commissioners?
This bill was initiated by a dispute
over jobs. 1t is not a good bill. not
convincing as to the helpful reforms
which it would effect and should not
be reported in its present form.
Evening star., 1944-03-29
Dorothy Thompson

Gen. de Gaulle does not want to rant
and he does not accuse any of the Allies.
But he does express the regret that
the conditions in which this commit
tee is placed do not permit it to have
in relations with other great powers a
hearing proportionate to its sacred OBJ
legations" (To France and French
sovereignty The result is that in
regard to great political and strategical
problems presented by the war France
is absent fact of which the ma
ton and her friends are profoundly
conscious"
Gen. de Gaulle's speech was made a
week after Washington correspondents
had reported that the President and
Secretary of State had decided to turn
the administration of France over to
Gen. Eisenhower. Gen. de Gaulle stated
In his speech that Washington and
London had been advised of the COM
mittee's plans. Apparently these plans
have been rejected.
~
Mr. Hull explained last week that we
did not intend to deal with Vichy au-
thorities. and that collaboration with
the De Gaulle committee is not ex-
cluded. If we do not deal with Vichy,
however, there is no other organized
French authority with whom we can
deal, and the case of Gen. Giraud ought
to teach us that we are unable to I'M
provise stable authority.
Without one an army Of occupation
becomes just that. The Italian expert
ence ought to teach us the difficulties
that attend such an army without an
anti-FaScist government commanding
authority.
Without central French authority
there will be chaos in France. We are
advised by our leaders, including Mr..
Churchill, that invasion is approach
ing The indications are that we are
politically unprepared for it, and that,
indeed, we are in conflict with the only
organized, pro-Ally political authority.
(Released by the Bell Syndicate, Inc)
Evening star., 1944-03-29
DaUid Laurence

curate than bombing against military
areas containing a large number of
relatively small targets. Trained and
battle experienced artillery has deadly
precision.
I'VE heard much about the terrific
plastering received by the small island
OF Pantelleria. The tonnage of bombs
reached into the thousands. But after
the island was taken, the greater part
OF its defensive guns. were found to be
still in condition to fire Pantelleria. it
is true, gave up fast, but much depends
upon what kind of troops are holding
a bombarded place. The italians had
little stomach for any kind of con-
centrated flrepoWer
1T was different story at Tarawa.
The island was about two miles long and
a half mile wide. No spot on it was
higher than few yards above the
surrounding waters. The bombing units
and the guns of warships laid thousands
OF tons in bombs and shells upon the
island. Yet when the attack hour came
and the bombing and artillery prepara-
tion had to be stopped for the safety OF
our troops, the Japs crawled out of their
protective holes and put up resistance,
the cost of which in American lives
We well remember.
This is not an argument Of bomber
versus big guns. Such an argument
would be one of long distance artillery
versus short-distance artillery, and that
argument would have nttk meaning.
The long-distance artillery action of
the bomber is important in modern war
fare against certain targets. Against
many military targets within the range
Of artillery, bombing is wasteful and in
effective. But may the long-range
bomber tonnage continue to increase
rapidly SO long as the American dough-
boy gets all the air and ground support
he needs for all the tasks of battle he
is asked to do
Reproduction rights reseryed)
Evening star., 1944-03-29

scientiousness was monumental. An
excellent example Of his endeavor
at its best is Behind the Beyond
the masterpiece which in 1918
achieved for him his first fame in
the United States.
The principal impact of DR.. Lea
cocks varied life, however, naturally
has been felt and will continue to be
felt in Canada. It is true that he
was cosmopolitan personality, ad-
mired and appreciated everywhere,
but the Dominion was his home and
he belonged to it and never got
very far away from it, not even last
night.
Evening star., 1944-03-29
Polish, Underground

AT time when the Polish ques-
ton has become a serious diplomatic
issue in the camp of the United Ma
tions any prospect of lessened
tension between Moscow and the
Polish government = in exile is
highly welcome Such a possibility
can be deduced from the announce
ment by the Polish Telegraph
Agency that all commanders of units
in the Polish underground" have
been ordered to establish contact
with the Soviet Army so as to CO.
ordinate military operations against
the German forces in Poland. That
this coordination has actually be-
gun is shown by an announcement
from Moscow stating that the Polish
underground commander in Rovno
had presented himself at Soviet
Army headquarters there to offer
Polish collaboration.
This is noteworthy change from
the attitude hitherto assumed.
When Russian troops first crossed
the prewar boundary and entered
Eastern Poland, the disputed area,
instructions were given the Polish
underground there to adopt
hands-of policy The underground
was not to oppose the Russians, but
it was also not to aid them actively
until diplomatic relations had been
re-established between Moscow and
the Polish governmental exile.
Such policy was bound to produce
grave complications, especially be-
cause. in Eastern Poland. there was
a rival underground organization
frankly Russian and following
orders from the so-called Union of
Polish Patriots established in Mos
COW, which aspired to supplant the
exile government sitting in London
and thus become the provisional
government of liberated Poland.
Both these underground organi-
cations are highly secret and have
been intensely suspicious of each
other. Each has feared that If the
identity Of It's leaders became known
Evening star., 1944-03-29

loyal to france ana OF european loyal
to Europe.
Gen. de Gaulle made it clear that
the French committee, while it will
welcome and need the cooperation of
Anglo American armies, will not ac-
cept the government of France by other
than French authority.
This holds for transitional govern
ments The French committee insists
that nothing can be achieved without
order, and that all transitional public
authority must, in behalf of order, pro-
ceed from central authority, with
strict discipline. The committee will
designate loyal local authorities, who
have had no connection with collabora-
tionism, and who will administer pend
ing the constitution of local assemblies
and the calling of national congress to
create the Fourth French Republic.
The Committee of Liberation has its
own program for France, which will,
however, have to be submitted to the
new constitutional assembly. 1t calls
for the naturalization of basic French
resources and their administration by
the state through organs in which la
Evening star., 1944-03-29

of vital concern to the Chungking gov
ernment.
Lord Mountbatten's Burma campaign
is at present running into some diff
culties, which might be eased by Chi
nese offensive against the Japs in the
interior of China Lord Mountbatten
started his drive with forces which have
been trained in the last year to higher
stage of efficiency than they previously
possessed. The columns in the south
have made good progress in the direction
OF Akyab. The forces in the north, Chi
nese troops trained by the American, 1t.
Gen. Vinegar Joe" Stilwell, have made
a considerable advance in the Mogaung
Valley with the objective of capturing
Myitkyina, main Japanese base in North
Burma and terminus of the railroad
from Mandalay.
X
But the surprise" drive of the jap
anese into India in the Indian state of
Evening star., 1944-03-29
Portal Pay Decision

cases, involving union demand for
underground travel time pay, the
Supreme Court had to determine
what Congress meant by the word
"workWeek" as used in the Wage
Hour Act.
The majority opinion, written by
Justice Murphy and concurred in by
four of his associates, dwelt at some
length on the arduous and danger
GUS nature of miners work before
arriving at the conclusion that Con-
gress intended to treat travel time
the time spent in travelling from the
face of the mine to the point at
which actual mining operations
begin-as working time. Justice
Murphy spoke with some feeling of
the way miners are crowded into
the cars in which they are taken to
the face of the mines. of the injuries
sometimes caused to their ankles
and feet by jumping into the cars,
OF the need to bend over to clear low
mine ceilings and of the dark,
moist, malodorous shafts" through
which the trips are made. If these
considerations, which would seem to
have no bearing on the legal ques-
ton before the court. entered into
the majority decision, one wonders
whether the court would have ruled
otherwise had the trips been made
in comfortable cars under agreeable
conditions. To put it another way,
does the ruling amount to a dec
laration by the majority justices
as to what they think should be
paid for as working time. without
any real relation to the intent of
Congress in passing the statute? It
would be difficult. on the face of
the language used, to say that this
question should not be answered in
the affirmative.
Two of the justices, Mr.. Jackson
and Mr.. F'rankfurter, wrote separate
concurring opinions, the gist of their
position being that since the defini-
ton of workweek was left to judicial
determination. and since the lower
courts, after lengthy hearings, had
held in favor of the miners, the Su-
preme Court ought not to disturb
their findings.
The dissenting opinion was writ
ten by Justice Roberts and con-
Cured in by Chief Justice Stone.
They contended that travel time
was MT treate6 as working ffiihesin
the industry when the act was
passed, and that, in fact, there were
numerous instances in which a
clear-cut distinction was made be-
tween the two. Hence, the dis.
senterS argued, if travel time was
not treated as working time when
the wage-hour law was passed,
there is no basis for the court to
hold that Congress, in the absence
of any definition of workweek, in
tended to treat as working time that
which was not then considered to be
working time.
This seems to be the reasonable
view of the matter, but it is the
majority opinion which becomes the
law. And the immediate effect of
the majority ruling is to make the
mine operators liable to heavy retro
active penalties. OF greater ma
tional import. however. will be the
bearing that this decision has on
the portal-to-portal dispute in the
coal-mining industry, which is now
on its way to the Supreme Court.
That will be tougher nut to crack
and it will be interesting to see how
the justices deal with it.
Evening star., 1944-03-29


today after more
t h an four-and-a-
half years of warfare
in which the i'm
portance and value
Of air power has SO
often been exag-
gerated as to initiate
the peoples hopes
and to some extent
affect the overall
STRAIT egy of the
Allie d vern =
ments.
The experiment of
air power as the
primary strategy was
Evening star., 1944-03-29

damage to homes
and to civilian in
terests generally is
kept to a minimum.
The terrific obliter-
alton attacks which
have been carried
out a 6 a in t IN e
German cities and
which have as their
object a stoppage Of
the industrial pro-
duction of the target
city not only by
smashing the plants,
but by making it
i m pos Sible for
Evening star., 1944-03-29


been fighting hard
against the jap
anese in the last
year. There has been
continuous forward
press sure In the
Southwest P a ciic,
the daring exploits
of Admiral Halsey's
amphibious forces,
and there is now
the offensive by the
armies of Admiral
Lord Louis Mount
batten in B ur m a
aimed at opening
the Burma road and
Evening star., 1944-03-29

rIGIlC1l N1IlIlllUtc6
for Liberation re-
viewed the role of
France in the war,
its relations with
other countries and
the rules to guide
the French future.
The speech was
moderate and pro-
grammatic, both for
the near future and
years to come. 1t
was the speech of a
fighting ally, loyal to
the common cause,
of a Frenc h man
Evening star., 1944-03-29
Objects to Coercion.

Tc the Editor of The Star:
I note that Representative Jennings
Randolph is proposing to force all aliens
to become citizens; but hope that he
does not prevail.
In my opinion, citizenship is some
thing that should not be forced upon
people. A citizen made that way is
not the kind of citizen that I want to-
see vote, and I regard the damage sure
to come from such voters more than
an offset to any advantage that we
would gain from their citizenship.
GEORGE w. WILLIAMS,
Baltimore, Md
Evening star., 1944-03-29
Nazi War Industries

1t is notable that when the RAF or
the USAAF attack industrial targets in
France, Belgium or other occupied lands
they use precision methods so that
Evening star., 1944-03-29

The foot soldier with his rife, support
ed by the field artillery, must win the
war in Europe.
This simple fact stands out clearly
Evening star., 1944-03-29

The inactivity Of the Chinese forces
in China against the Japanese is in
contrast with activities Of China's allies
on other fronts.
American forces in the Pacific have
Evening star., 1944-03-29
On the Record

On March 10, in Algiers. Gen. de
Gaulle made very important speech,
the text of which was not published
here, despite that in it the head Of the
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1944-02-11
L. Quinn Coulter
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The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1944-02-11
Money Is Taken
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The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1944-02-11

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The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1944-02-11
Recent Bride Honor
AT Gilt Shower
Al Home OF Mrs. Hurt

A nalable event agr0af . err
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Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1944-09-21

Order Nisi-
In the Matter of the Estate of
Mary Bozman Claude,
non compos mentis;
Edith Claude Jarvis
formerly Edith McAllister
Claude) Trustee.
IN THE CIRCUIT COURT FOR
MONTGOMERY COUNTY, AS
A COURT OF EQUITY.
No. 1905 Equity.
ORDERED, this 26th day of
August A. D. 1914, by the Circuit
Court for Montgomery County, as
Court of Equity, that the Audi
tors Third Report filed in the
above entitled cause, be ratified
and confirmed, unless cause to the
contrary thereof be shown on or
before the 23rd day of September
next: Provided a copy Of this
order be inserted in some news
paper published in said Montgom-
cry County, once in each of three
successive weeks before the said
23rd day of September, 1914.
CLAYTON X. WATKINS,
Clerk Of the Circuit Court
for Montgomery County.
True Copy-Test:
CLAYTON X. WATKINS,
473 Clerk.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1944-09-21
Notice To Creditors

NOTICE Is HEREBY GIVEN,
that the Subscriber of Montgomery
County has obtained from the
Orphans Court of Montgomery
County, in Maryland, Letters of
Administration on the Personal
Estate of
HENRY GATHER
late of the District of Columbia,
deceased. All persons resident and
nonresident having Claims against
the said deceased, are hereby
warned to exhibit and file, the
same, in said Court, with vouchers
thereof, on or before the 1st day
of March next: they may other
wise by law be excluded from all
benefit of said Estate. All persons
indebted to said Estate are re-
quested to make immediate pay
ment.
Given under my hand this 29th
day of August in the year of our
Lord, one thousand nine hundred
and forty-four.
ALBERT M. BOUIC,
Administrator,
ATT Rockville, Md
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1944-09-21
Notice To Creditors

NOTICE is HEREBY GIVEN,
that the Subscriber has obtained
from the Orphans Court of Mont
gomery County, in Maryland, Let
ters Testamentary on the Personal
Estate of
MARY F. WOLFE
late of said County, deceased. All
persons resident and nonresident
having Claims against the said de-
ceased, are hereby warned to ex-
hibit and file, the same, in said
Court, with vouchers thereof, on
or before the LIST day of March
next: they may otherwise by law
be excluded from all benefit of said
Estate. All persons indebted to
said Estate are requested to make
immediate payment.
Given under my hand this 10Th
day of August in the year Of our
Lord, one thousand nine hundred
and forty-four.
GEORGE M. WOLFE,
476 Executor.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1944-09-21
THOMAS M. ANDERSON, Attorney,
Rockville, Md.
N0fsoa IT, H,oI.I.

THOMAS M. ANDERSON, Attorney,
Rockville, Md.
Notice To Creditors
NOTICE rs HEREBY GIVEN,
that the Subscriber of Montgom-
cry County has obtained from the
Orphans Court of Montgomery
County, in Maryland, Letters Of
Administration C. T. A. on the
Personal Estate of
REUBEN C. HAYWOOD
late of Montgomery County, Md,
deceased. All persons resident
and nonresident having Claims
against the said deceased, are
hereby warned to exhibit and file
the same in said Court, with
vouchers thereof, on or before the
18th day of February next: they
may otherwise by law be excluded
from all benefit Of said Estate.
All persons indebted to said Estate
are requested to make immediate
payment.
Given under my hand this 18th
day of August, in the year Of our
Lord, one thousand nine hundred
and forty-four.
KIRKE L. SIMPSON,
Administrator C. T. A.,
302 West Leland Street,
458 Chevy Chase, Maryland.