davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1944-11-15
This Changing World,
~ G CAsstNatjas Ars,vs

The next few months win be hard on
American manpower and supplies.
Undersecretary Of War Patterson re-
vealed last week fact which had been
known In Washington for some time,
that In Europe We lack large arnmu-
milton reserves and the armies must
rely at this time on the ammunition
which comes straight from the assembly
lines In the factories.
This situation was not c1eated by any
slump In production but by = mis-
calculation on the part OF the supply
planners, who had not figured that this
war would absorb at least three times
as much war material ~ the World War
Moreover, earlier In the war the Army
ordnance adopted 4 new type Of shell
jacket made OF steel instead of copper.
This proved an error since In many
cases the steel became oxidixed and the
shells were useless. The mistake was
discovered soon enough, but called for
. transformation of the special tools
for the production Of the jackets, caus-
ing delay in the overall output for
artillery ammunition.
At the same time the battles have
been intensified both on the western
front and In the Pacific, where Gen.
MacArthur's forces are using large
quantities of ammunition and are likely
to use much more within the next few
weeks when more important operations
are expected to develop In the Philip
pines 1t Il probable. however, that
there are more ample reserves in the
Pacific theater than in the Atlantic.
The present offensive against the
japanese was planned many months
ago. In the American operations in
New Guinea, Hollandia and in the
Mandated Islands the Navy bore the
brunt Of the main barrages against the
enemy. Consequently it is safe to spec
ulate that Gen. Macarthur has been
able to build . safe store OF reserves
from the quantities sent him every
month from the West Coast But If the
resistance of the Japs is a. stubborn
as 1t has proved at Leyte he may need
large additional supplies in the near
future.
A manpower question also may de-
velop soon. The casualties on both the
European and Pacific fronts have not
exceeded the original estimates. But in
the Italian and siesfried lire fighting
we are having heavier hospitalization
cases than expected. The men are not
casualties in the strict mea ming Of the
Evening star., 1944-11-15

the north-south zone holding the pas
sageS OF the Vosges against the east
ward pressure of Gen. Devers' two
armies.
If the I'd Army reaches Saverb it will
be able to debouch into the plain sur
rounding the city Of Strasbourg and it
will then have outflanked the German
troops in the passes of the Vosges to
the south. These would have to be
withdrawn. and the 9Th Army group
could then come up to the Rhine.
The stability of the whole left flank
of the German defense position would
then be in serious danger, particularly
when we remember that the port of
Marseille is in full operation and that
on this part of the front is becoming
OF greater capacity almost daily.
-
The Importance of Metz in these con-
siderations lies in its value as a COM
munications center As long as the
Germans hold it, 1t denies to the Allies
the use of roads and railways over a
considerable area. But it Is particu-
larly important as a shield to an attack
directed against the western part of
the Saar defensive front-say that part
between the Luxembourg frontier and
Saarbruecken.
An Allied advance In force in that
direction might suggest an intention to
drive northeastward above the valley of
the Moseile toward Coblenz. But this is
20 difhcult route that it seems hardly
likely that it will be attempted at the
present season of the year.
Much easier, both from the supply
point Of view and that Of terrain, would
seem an attempt to break into the valley
OF the Upper Rhine somewhere around
Strasbourg, IN which case Metz would,
II captured, be merely the strong support
for the left flank of the Sd Army while
the major effort Of that Army would be
transferred to Its right and would take
. northeasterly direction rather than
northerly rs at present.
On the whole, 1t still seems probable
that the principal overall effect hoped
for by Gen. Eisenhower from the Sd
Army push Is the attraction to this
sector Of substantial part Of the Ger
man mobile reserves. II he does not
achieve this result he no doubt hopes
to make the Germans pay the price Of
penetration Of the Rhine Valley and
deterioration Of their position on their
left flank.
eUsssyssAs, ie4A)
Evening star., 1944-11-15
In Washington Cathedral

Eternal peace is here Out of the deep,
Unholy night of coil and despair,
come. to find In shado,Ded aisles OF
prayer,
Some Of the healing that these arches
keep.
Here is such rest that oil that went
before
Thirst and stark agony gre lulled to
dreams;
They foat atoay a. t,oigs on quiet
streGms-
Anristy and amaer-fear and par.
Here. In this calm. willingly surrender
Al OF my doubt, and, kneeling in this
shade,
Find my sore soul BY ,oinsed prayer,
lifted W.
sense presescs, holy, ieise and tender.
And sNddsnly, I an no more atraid,
1Et dr9#k Of love, o. from golden
cup. BEATRICE RAW.
Evening star., 1944-11-15
A Simple InuIouroI

Even the most simple" inaugural
ceremonies of recent years would ap-
pear unnecessarily elaborate against
the background of wartime restric-
tions on manpower and materials.
The Presidents decision to do away
with all fanfare and to take the
oath Of ONCE in January on the,
rear portico of the White House 10
good taste and good sense.
In normal times, Of course, such
departure from the tradition of
inaugurations would be unfortunate.
There Is q symbolism in the Presi-
dent-elect's trip to the Capitol and
his ofncial return to the White House
to accept the Nations tribute, as
marching soldiers and citizens pass
In review. This symbolism Is worth
preserving. along with one of the
few oficial pageants that custom
has established in this country.
Now, however, with the Government
offices working under war pressure,
the city crowded to capacity, trans
portation at premium and building
materials needed for other things,
the usual Inauguration ceremonies
would be out of place.
The President had 4 little fun
with Senator Byrd, chairman of the
Joint Congressional Inaugural Com
mittee. Senator Byrd's persistent II
futile pursuit of economy has be-
come thorn in the more sensitive
side of the New Deal. The President
raised his eyebrows at the commit
tees suggestion Of $25 900 for the
Inauguration ceremonies. He could
get along with 10 per cent of that
amount, he said-do everything with
less than $4,000. The major cost
would be chicken 4 Ia king and
coffee for the guests at the White
House. What? Are the taxpayers
to provide chicken and coffee for
the guests? Why not let them eat
cake? And make them buy their
own luncheons, as they do at the
War Fund and Red Cross lunches.
II we are to have a simple inaugural,
why not make the economy, at least,
spectacular?
Evening star., 1944-11-15

The Soviet Union, to strengthen its
own position, Is trying to create a de-
fense bloc in all the states around the
Soviet Union, and in contrast to Britain,
the Soviets are not depending wholly on
powers of persuasion.
The situation We see Is not one to be
desired, and 1t puts the Atlantic Char
ter about as far back in the past as
Wilson's fourteen points. And the
greatest weakness in this whole con-
struction will, in the long run, turn
out to be Germany. For in the pres
ent process every bloc is trying to ex-
tend its frontiers farther and farther
toward the center of Europe. AS things
now stand, the Russian permanent
orbit will 60 at least to the Oder. inside
German territory; the western bloc,
under the leadership of Britain, will
have within its orbit the Rhineland and
the Ruhr Valleys The area between
these orbits Is small and will again be
divided for occupation So one day both
blocs will meet on German soil.
4 =
Possibly, Anglo lo-American-Soyiet rela- :
tions can be stabilized at that point. But
the European situation cannot be so
stabilized. Throughout the whole of
European history, the natural interde-
pendency between the European states
has never been thus disturbed, with. as
it were, 4 political great power frontier
running right through the heart Of
Europe
And what are American interests in
all this? Obviously we are vitauy in
terested in the European Atlantic world
from q sheer defense standpoint.
But We are not interested in the di-
vision of Europe into power blocs We
are interested in European stability and
prosperity. A better European stability,
as well as better equilibrium, could be
achieved by really liberating Europe
and encouraging European federation,
or several European free federations,
Independent of Soviet and British con-
troll, but intergrated into a world or
ganization, OF course, such q solution
would involve the remuneration by both
Britain and the Soviet of the program
OF advancing their spheres into Europe
beyond their own borders. One or the
other alone simply cannot do so.
But I think the United States should
take stand on this-and a firm one
After all We are not . negligible GUAM
tity in this war.
Rsfeased BY the Bell Syndicate, Incl
Evening star., 1944-11-15
On the Record
By Dorothy THOMPSON

With the winning OF the war in sight,
each Of the great powers Is trying to
strengthen its own position and rs far
as possible do 30 In anticipation of the
next three-power conference.
The strictly limited purpose Of the
Dumbarton Oaks Conference makes this
inevitable. The world security council
may well be able to maintain peace for
a long time to come, but only on the
assumption that the three greatest
powers can so define their spheres that
they do not overlap.
Peace also might be kept on the basis
OF principles, universally accepted and
universally applied, but that way of
keeping peace is no longer under dis
cussion.
If, however, three great powers at
tempt to maintain peace by the regula-
ton Of their own relations with each
other then they must try to keep in
equilibrium and relative equality each
with the other.
Mr.. Churchill's visit to France the
other day was certainly made in behalf
Of France, but even more, suspect, on
behalf Of Britain. 1t is now clear that
the speech of Field Marshal Smuts 4
year ago was not q mere trial balloon
but q candid revelation of British hopes
and intentions.
The basic assumption of Smuts was
that In the postwar world Britain will
be the weakest Of the three great powers
and that only the most intimate rela-
tionships between Britain and Western
Europe can in any way redress that
state Of affairs. Since then British
diplomacy has tried to create Western
European entente, to include the Low
Countries France, possibly Norway, and
eventually Italy and Spain. The greatest
progress so far has been made with
Belgium. For the Netherlands and Nor
way 1t Is too early for decisions since
both countries are still occupied and
the authority of governments in exile
Is doubtful. In the case of Norway the
Soviet attitude has to be determined.
But the main question is France. As
FAR as We can see Britain and Belgium
are trying to convince the De Gaulle
government Of all the advantages in a
Western European entente. The main
condition in the French as in other cases
seems to be that Britain back the de-
mands Of these countries, especially in
regard to Germany
Evening star., 1944-11-15
Tokine Too Much Ground
From the Ottawa Journal

from the OTTAWA journal.
The Americans do not welcome advice
and interference in their domestic DO
ltical affairs from outsiders-nor do
Canadians like that sort of thing. Such
Americans as see it will resent the ex-
pressed opinion of the Bishop of Bir-
mingham that within five years the
Republican party with its strong iso-
lationist wing will be in power in
Washington, and he questions whether
then an American army of occupation
would be retained in Germany. If the
good bishop wants to speculate on the
future he should confine his speculations
to Britain, or to generalities about the
world. His suggestion that the United
States within five years virtually will
withdraw from the international scene
Is rs unwarranted as 1t is tactless
Evening star., 1944-11-15

word, since they ere going hack In the
fighting lins after undergoing treatment
for colds q attacks at "hu." But they
have to b. replaced In the line by other
soldiers and o6Acsrs, and this requires
an increased tempo for replacements.
1t must be borne In mind that
although every conceivable provision
has been made for such eventualities,
the American Army furnishes most Of
the troops on the Western Front and 1t Is
the American Army exclusively which
must stand the brunt of the campaign
In the Pacific. The lighting II violent on
both fronts and the number of replace
Macarthur has to be stepped up, con-
siderably.
Hence our effort In the next few
months will have to be further acceler-
ated, particularly inasmuch as the Ger
mans and Japanese are fighting with
greater determination than We had ex-
pected. The Japs are putting up fierce
and reckless resistance on Leyte in order
to enable the Tokyo high command to
increase substantially the fighting forces
on Luzon where they expect q major
blow from Gen. Macarthur In the next
few weeks.
Gen. Yamashita, the conqueror of
Malaga and Singapore, Is considered by
the American Army as the shrewdest
and ablest japanese general. 1t was his
voice which decided the Tokyo leaders to
accept battle In the Philippines not as a
delaying action, a. We have seen the Jap
army being sacrificed in the other areas,
but as . major campaign. The naval
operations In the Sulu Sea were intended
chiefiy to enable the army to rush re-
Inducements to Leyte, and~ according
to our own oflicial communicates, more
than 5000 have been landed on that
strategically important island in the last
few weeks.
Even larger bodies of troops are being
sent to Luzon to strengthen the Jap
anese forces. Gen. Macarthur realizes
that in the forthcoming weeks ne will
have his hands full and will need plenty
Of requirements II he Is to drive the
Japs from the main Philippine islands.
Although victory Is in sight both in
Asia and In Europe, specialists in the
War and Navy Departments are con-
vinced that unless the American effort,
both in manufacture Of war tools and in
manpower, Is greatly increased we may
face considerable delay In bringing
the war to close.
Evening star., 1944-11-15
Letters to The Star
He Secs A Growing Threat
r. R-:.As n


n the HAiter - TAa etar:
We ars witnessing one Of the spochal
changes IN modern history: The shift
Of the balance Of power from democratic
wsstern Europe to autocratic eastern
Europe.
That change should stimulate us to
the realization that democratic institu-
ticns have not come into existence
overnight o. sprung spontaneously into
hAing - Slogans do.
Most Of the inhabitants Of this planet,
past and present. never have known
democracy and probably would not have
been or would be interested in it. 1t
has evolved in only few places and
under special conditions The northwest
ern fringe of Europe was the locale Of
It's modern beginning (modern Is dis
tinguished from its ancient Greek form
and from there 1t was exported to
America.
OF considerable significance 10 the
change In religion which is accompany
ing the change in political power and
political standards. Atheistic Marxism
is replacing Christianity, upon which our
civilization has been constructed. Marx
u 4 rod and Lenin Is his prophet, with
Hitler and others ~ minor prophets.
Their theory ID that the peoples dsvo-
tion should be centered upon them.
e.g, Hell Hitler!" All possibly COMPETE
tive concepts and organizations are to
be eliminated. The result aptly ia called
totalitarianism and, although proclaimed
by Its devotees ~ ultramoderD, 1t
actually Is . reversion to the ancient
practice Of making the ruler into 4
demisod. The First World War pro-
duced enough chaos to give totalitarian-
ism tremendous start and the current
war Is likely to impel Z distracted
human race to accept more of it.
At least one notion behind totalitari-
anism needs refutation, and that is the
error the supposition derived from it,
that primitive man was unregimented
and therefore progress means suppress
sion of individuality. But since totalitari-
anism Is based upon the principle of
1.-The dictatorship of the proletariat" and
the consequent reduction of society to
two groups, this supposition cannot be
refuted practically because the prole-
tariat has insufficient knowledge to
understand what is involved In it. In
fact, the dictatorship OF the proletar-
lat" principle contains the implication
that the people should know only what
the rulers think they should know. The
rather Widespread popularity and ac-
csptance Of this principle during the
past decade probably accounts for the
difference between the demand in the
last war for open covenants openly
arrived Ut and public acquiescence in
the use Of secret diplomacy today.
Lenin may have been correct in hold
ing that democracy is bourgeois
Lenin knew history At any rate the
MANS tNational Socialists uphold
Lenins opinion and, like Lenin, are
trying to destroy democracy.
AUGUST T. WELVEN.
Evening star., 1944-11-15

inston, Vas personally popular from
the start OF his labors hare. nis
courtssy and tactfulAsas were pro-
verbal. Essentially = friend of
peace, he anticipated - truly intsr-
national organization In which
every nation will be q concernsd
about the fate OF other countries
~ ii is about its own" Dying ct
sixty-one, he passes from the earthly
scene too soon to witness the fulfill
ment Of his hopes but not without
having made 4 valuable contribution
toward that goal.
Evening star., 1944-11-15
Complex Crisis in Italy

Italy today presents an alarming
spectacle. The background Is one
OF economic prostration, monetary
Imitation, psychic depression and
social disintegration. All these basic
Ills are being aggravated by the ap-
proach Of winter with it's inevitable
intensiflcation OF cold, hunger and
destitution. Another aggravating
factor is prolongation of German
domination over Northern Italy, the
richest and most productive part of
the country. The Allied high COM
mand has virtually conceded that
the campaign has begged down and
that, unless Germany itself COL
lapses, there is scant prospect of
driving the Germans beyond the
Alps before next summer. Taking
all this into consideration, it Is no
wonder that the portion of Italy
under Allied military occupation or
control Is faced with a growing
crisis as acute as it is complex
On its political side, the crisis
takes the form of threatened split
within the ranks of the provisional
government headed by Premier
1vanoe Bonomi. That regime was
installed last winter after the Allied
liberation Of Rome as a six-party
coalition ranging from monarchical
conservatives and Catholic Chris
tian Democrats on the right, through
liberal center to the Socialist and
Communist left. One of the most
interesting features of that political
creation Is that it was brought about
largely through the efforts of the
Communist leader, Palmiro Togli-
atti, who advocated the adjourn
ment OF contentious issues, espe-
cially that Of monarchy versus re-
public, until after the complete
expulsion of the Germans from the
peninsula. At that time, the gen.
eral expectation was that. this
would soon occur. But the disap-
pointment of those hopes. combined
with the rapid degeneration of in
ternal conditions, has sharpened
factional animosities and strained
the coalition almost to the break
ing point.
As might be expected, the threat
ened cleavage tends toward the two
extremes, with the Socialists and
Communists standing together In
opposition to the Conservatives and
Clericals, the liberal center losing
strength and cohesion. Two factors
apparently prevent, or at least de-
lay, an open break. Ones of these
els that both sides hesitate to pro-
woke q showdown so long as the
Allied Commission retains overall
control backed by ample military
power through the Allied armies
facing the Germans. The other is
the feeling Of the Communist leaders
that their cause Is automat tically
gaining and that they can thus af-
ford to wait, especially until after
the liberation of the traditionally
radical north, which will bring
them and the Socialists fresh
strength. Thus. showdown may
De postponed for some tiMe, though
Evening star., 1944-11-15
Sesinf and Hearinf
Ts the Dditer Of The Star:

When . man has passed the young
and vigorous years of his life and is
compelled to use glasses to read the
paper, he sees strange news items
items that man without glasses prob
ably doesn't see at ALL
For instance, through my glasses I've
been reading in The Star that "the tired
old man"-President Roosevelt-as hack
in Warrington, hard at work and pre-
pairing to make . strenuous trip overseas
to confer with Mr.. Churchill and Mr..
Stain, and through my glasses also
read that Mr.. Dewey, the young and
vigorous prosecuting district attorney, ID
on his way to Georgia for q three weeks
rest
Now, know that isn't 10. Please say
may be had, my hearing Is perfect and
heard Mr.. Dewey, very distinctly over
my radio, say on numerous occasions
that we must have young and visor-
Gus men in Warrington and We must
clean the tired old quarrelsome men out
Of Washington"
Yes, sir, that's exactly what / heard
Mr.. Dewey say, but now I read some
thing different.
Isn't 1t strange how ones eyes can de-
ceive one? Maybe need new glasses.
POWELL B. SHERRY.
Approves Printing TELEGRAM
II the nditsr Of IAs Star:
Please allow me to commend you
highly for publishing the telegram sent
by DIR. Logan to the superintendent of
schools concerning the holding Of sepa-
rate meetings for Negro and white
teachers in observance of American
Education Week.
Your customary liberality was shown
hy this act of reporting, although it
seemed to me that the radical challenge
i. Of DR.. Losans message deserved more
prominent treatment than that accorded
Progressive citizens of the District
eagerly await the supsrintendent's reply
J. w. HAYWOOD, Jr.
Praise for Overseas Star
To the Dditor Of The star:
Having lived in Washington oil my
life, there Ii nothing that I have missed
more, besides my family and friends,
than The Star
Reading The Star was . daily habit
acquired through the years that don't
want to hreak.
When ! enlisted in ls42 I>had the
regular edition sent to me, but that was
30 slow that by the time 1t reached me 1t
was two months old and then I had to
search through miles Of advertisements
and columns Of world news Of no intsr-
est to find the articles about home and
the peopls that know there.
Not only do and the other Washing
tonians here with me lock forward to
The Overseas Star every week. but now
the other fellows from oil over the
States read it until you'd hardly recog-
nize your own paper at all.
Keep the presses rolling and the oysr-
seas editions coming this way and you'll
have 50 many friends that you won't be
able to count them all.
With many thanks to you and Lans-
burghs from myself and my fellow
marines for your fine work in bringing
home to wherever we happen to hang
our rifles. remain,
HENRY Z. TRIPP, Jr.
South Pacific.
Coolidls Material Wanted
N the Editsr q Ths star:
am writing on Calvin Cooii6se.
Any recellections or Impressions that
readers Of The Star may have Of our
thirtieth President will be gratefully
received. CYRIL CLEMENS.
international Mark Twain Society.
9ntNnkap u
Evening star., 1944-11-15

u could b pFecipitated " some ,ln-
expscted event. In italy today IL
most anything can happen.
Evening star., 1944-11-15
CoolidSs Material Wanted

CoolidSs Material Wanted
N the Editsr q Ths star:
I am writing on Calvin Coolidge
Any recellections or Impressions that
readers 81 The Star may have Of oul
thirtieth President will be gratefully
received. CYRIL CIE6ENs.
international Mark Twain Society.
Webster OEosae, N.