davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1944-01-10

100 per cent increase In income since
the beginning of the war. Yet 1t
would receive the same subsidy
benefit as another family which has
had no increase, or perhaps even a
reduction, in income. This is the
principal objection to the admins
tration program, and it is an objec-
ton which has not been met by any
of the arguments advanced by
administration supporters.
Recently, however, a sensible
alternative has been suggested
that the subsidies be directed to the
relief of persons who really need
relief. This would be done through
the adoption of food stamp plan,
the details of which remain to be
worked out, but which presents no
insuperable difficulties.
The War Food Administration has
Endorsed this plan, with reservations.
In practical effect, the reservations
apparently nullify the Endorsement,
but the latter is important never
theless, since it puts the VIA on
record as believing that the stamp
plan is feasible from an administra-
tive standpoint. In approving the
plan, the food agency specified that
its Endorsement was contingent on
the continuance of the present
$1,000, 100000 general subsidy pro-
gram. 1t also estimated that the
stamp plan would cost $4,000, 900 900.
In other words, the VIA is willing
to accept both the general subsidy
program and the stamp plan, al
though it douses the latter with cold
water by placing an extremely high
estimate on its cost.
This position is lacking in realism.
In the first place, Congress is not
going to approve both the stamp
plan and general subsidies. Second,
If food prices can be controlled
satisfactorily for every one at a
maximum cost of $1,5OO 1000, ,00O-
which is the administrations own
flgure-it is difficult to see why
subsidy program designed to help
only a minority of the people should
cost twice as much. The fair as
sumption is that this estimate was
intended more to kill the stamp plan
than to help it along. The fact
remains, however. that this plan,
which would restrict governmental
aid to persons whose incomes are
small and who have not had in
creases commensurate with the rise
in living costs, is the only sound one.
Certainly, there is no reason under
the sun why future generations of
taxpayers should be called upon to
pay the bill for present. day subsidies
to persons whose pay checks, in
relation to living costs, are larger
than they have ever been before.
Evening star., 1944-01-10
MAJ. George Fielding Eliot

$50 900 for requirements, garrison duties
the infantry components of armored
divisions parachute battalions and other
special units This would seem ample
for all purposes.
1t is not generally understood how
much effort is necessary in order to keep
single rif1eman fighting in the front
line. Let us consider the standard in
fantry division for a moment. 1t has
approximately $1,000 officers and men.
Of which little over 10000 are infantry,
But when it deploys for action. that
does not mean that 10000 doughbovs
are ready to fall upon the enemy all at
once. Very far from it. The division
commander uses such formations and
arrangements as best suit his mission.
Keeping always reserve in hand in
order to meet the unexpected or drive
home the final punch. 1t is all wrong
to speak Of normal battle formations
Tor the needs of every battle are diff
ferent. But it would be reasonable
arrangement to imagine that the divi-
sion commander might put two of his
infantry regiments into the front line,
and hold one in reserve.
Each regimental commander, in turn.
must have reserve, so that each might
put two rifle battalions In the line and
hold out one. Each battalion command
er must likewise have a reserve: So
though this would rarely be uniform
throughout the division, because each
battalion commander would have a
somewhat different problem and per-
haps different ground, the average might
be two rifle companies in each battalion
In the front line, and one in battalion
reserve. Each rifle company commander
will In turn want to keep a platoon or
two under his own hand; If the average
Is two platoons in the attacking line per
rifle company, that means that the
action begins with, say, 80 fighting men
per company actually attacking the
enemy, or 160 per battalion, or 800 per
regiment, or $40 for the whole division.
In other words, the result of trans
porting the division to the front, of
putting it into position, of bringing up
all its stores and guns and its 5000
men Is that initially in the opening
stage Of the fight, anywhere from 500
to 1000 men actually assault tho enemy
position.
Evening star., 1944-01-10

Whenever genuine national interest is
involved we settle It, ultimately, ac-
cording to the power, naked or veiled,
that We are able to muster.
And nothing Is ever more dangerous
to peace than for country to meddle
In affairs where it has neither the in
tention nor the power to enforce its
decisions. BY that method it increases
distrust. and actually encourages the
other side to extend its claims and en-
large its power, in anticipation of pos
sible future trouble.
Thus sound foreign policy must first
OF all be based upon recognition Of the
existing power structure The effective
ness of stand on principles" is exactly
measured by the ultimate willingness
to fight for them. Neither Great Britain
nor the United States is willing to fight
over any western borders that Russia
has so far claimed. We do grave dis
service to our Polish allies by every
gesture that might encourage them to
think we would Leaving all matters of
sympathy aside, the Anglo American
countries are not in the power position
to do SO.
The United States has no commit
ments in Europe whatsoever. The At
lantic Charter is not a commitment. 1t
was made months before America en-
tered the war, and is an expression of
principles that the President. at least.
would like to see observed Our Polish
friends cannot call on it, however, be-
cause they have never been willing to
accept its principles. They demand the
incorporation of East Prussia into Po-
land, though by no stretch of the imag-
ination can one apply to this the pr1n-
ciple OF mo change of territory without
the will Of the population" The Polish
Evening star., 1944-01-10
Dorothy Thompson

government Is concerned with questions
OF power and Strategical frontiers. ex-
actly as is Russia. When Poland took
the Western Ukraine, Wilma and Te-
semen, she was not observing Atlantic
Charter principles, but referring to his
tory and national necessities, and ex-
plotting the weakness Of her heighbors.
Now Poland is the weak neighbor of
strong power, and the situation is re-
versed
Britain, by the Treaty of 1899, is COM
mltted to restore an independent Poland
with its prewar western frontiers. When
the treaty was made the British govern
ment was trying to make an alliance
with Russia. and did not dream of en-
couraging Russia's suspicious, already
aroused by Munich, that Poland might
become part of an anti-Russian bloc.
And the 1921 frontiers of Poland were
drawn against British intentions.
The United States recognized early In
the war that the conquest of Western
Europe, Africa and the British Isles
would bring an enemy much too close.
but even when France was conquered
we did not enter the war We went to
war because We were attacked and be-
cause Hitler declared war on us.
Now, the only safe way for us to plan
Tor the future, is to determine where
our interests are primary, where they
are secondary and where they are neg
ngible, being prepared to fight where
they are primary, negotiate where they
are secondary, and keep still where they
are negligible
1t is only on such candid grounds that
we Will ever achieve a system or real
collective security and end distrust.
tReleased by the Bell Syndicate, Incl
Evening star., 1944-01-10

must recognize It as such.
Should Polish relations with the
Soviet be resumed, Russia's territorial
claims could be ironed out at the peace
table. Meanwhile, the heads of the
Poles in London desire that a civilian
administration be established in the
liberated territories with local men who
have been in contact with the govern
ment in London since 1910. These civil
administrators would, of course, be
controlled and take orders from the
Red Army Of occupation.
The Poles have pointed out to the
State Department and the Foreign
Office that this procedure was adopted
toward the Emperor of Ethiopia, Halle
Selassie, who now is administering his
country under the supervision of the
Evening star., 1944-01-10
This and That
By Charles E. Truce1DeH

1
Mr.. and Mrs. Bonifant were looking
Tor house, not unknown occupation
in wartime Washington
These are friendly people from the
friendly Middle West. Mrs. Yolanda
Bonlfant, as all her friends know, is
great talker.
She talks at all hours, and in all
weathers. There is no stopping her
she believes in plenty of conversation.
Jonas Bonifant, her spouse, is lust
the other way around
He likes to think of himself as a
great silent man"
What his friends think of him is an
other matter He is mild looking, wears
sort OF modified dictator moustache
ana sticks his stomach out to hold up
his belt.
The Bonifants were forced to move
They had rented the house in CHEVY
Chase for many years, long enough to
nave paid for it, as matter of fact.
Now the owners were coming back,
and they had to find a new one.
Mr.. Bonifant would never buy house.
He said it didn't pay "You have moth
Ing to show, then, but bunch of rent
receipts said his cheerful friends.
Bonlfant didn't care. He wouldn't
buy
AS result, he was looking for a new
house
TRY and find it," seems to be the
present slogan.
He heard, from friend, about
house owned by Col. Manuel, who was
leaving Washington for an indefinite
stay on very mysterious mission.
Secret stuff, you know
So he and Mrs. Bonifant went to see
the house. There was nobody at home
except Mrs. Manuel, and she did the
honors
I'VE love our little house." said she, as
she ushered the Bonifants into the liv-
ing room. 1t was nice room typical of
Such rooms In modern six-room houses.
How lovely" said merry Mrs Boni-
FAINT.
Her golden hair glittered in the light
from the fireplace.
She was striking young woman,
glowing with health, determined to find
the world pleasant and friendly.
I'VE like it," replied Mrs. Manuel.
tween stations here, we have rented it.
but we have always come back to it.
Won't you have chair, Mr. Bonifant?"
Mr. Bonifant signified he would by
taking seat on beautiful davenport
ton which his hostess, not more than an
hour ago, had fitted new cover of ex-
quisite linen work.
The design was blue peacocks on white
1Y1nY hHyc Al 10 i
had fitted it.
She had not really intended any one
to sit on 1t. at least until her husband
got home.
But there was Mr.. Bonifant on it now.
quite blotting out one of the peacocks.
oh, do have this chair by the fret"
cried Mrs. Manuel with some anguish
in her voice.
Mr.. Bonifant said, "Oh, this is fine,
perfectly fine here. This will do very
well, thank you"
uel, that you would like chair better.
The old sofa is so dippy"
I don't mind it at all" smiled Boni-
FAINT, jogging up and down on the pea
cock.
Mrs. Manuel WINGED. Mrs. Bonifant
WINGED, too, but not for the same reason
Jonas, do come over here and look at
this exquisite table," cooed Mrs. B.
"Ill look at it later" Bonifant an
nounced, every inch of him interested
in real estate, not furniture.
And he never did realize he was sit
ting on one of the precious peacocks
until minutes later, when they were on
their way home.
Evening star., 1944-01-10
Food Stamp Plan

One of the more important mat
ters which await the returning
Congress is the problem of assisting
those American families whose
living standards actually have been
impaired as a result of wartime
conditions. And this, for the most
part, is limited to families whose
actual incomes have not kept pace
with the rise in living costs.
The administration has wanted to
accomplish this through its general
subsidy program-a program that
would reduce prices for every one
alike, the rich as we'll as the poor,
the benefciaries as we'll as the
victims Of war conditions. Under
this plan family might have had q
Evening star., 1944-01-10

MIsmanaged and neglected to a degree
that reflects upon the sincerity as well
as the competency of both the executive
and legislative branches. And, above
all, there is the question of strikes. AS
Congress reassembles these are upper
most in the minds of the members and
in the minds of the people generally.
Since the Presidents last public utter
ance he has taken over the railroads
under the strike threat of the brother
hoods and is about to yield to the steel
workers, who threatened to bring to a
standstill the basic industry upon which
the success Of the war most depends.
Within the last few days other strikes
have occurred. At Philadelphia 1900
CIO men struck work in Cramps ship
yard. On the same day Friday) there
was a steel workers strike at the Amer
Evening star., 1944-01-10
Putriurchs

They are not dead, those putriarchs
OF old
Their dWellino place the heart of
every saint;
Unguided man ,Do,lld tnlter and
grotD faint
IT to posterity they left but mold.
Do,On through the ages like thread
of gold
Their constant spirits CLEAN WITHOUT
restraint,
Like rays from Heavens sun-thev
purge all t1int
OF ,oorldiness from those ,Dithin their
told.
The seer With sno1o- ,phite hair, to all
a friend,
His locks symbol of an inner LIGHT,
Has lines upon his face that Gods s
0tDn pen
Once traced ,0ith tender care, that
to this end.
Because he Hped, keener sense OF
right
Shall be engendered in the hearts
OF men.
BERTHA WHITLEY GRAHAM.
Evening star., 1944-01-10
A Risky Precedent

For the property owners who are
advocating a change in zoning to
prevent the construction of multi
family dwellings for a low-cost
housing development there should
be consideration of the effects of the
rather dangerous precedent which
would be involved. For if the zoning
OF an area can be changed on petit
ton to prevent what some may re-
gard as an undesirable development,
1t follows that zoning likewise may
be changed to permit an equally un-
desirable development. The pro-
lection of zoning, in other words, de-
pends largely on the permanence of
its restrictions. This protection is as
much endangered by a change which
gives temporary advantage to prop
erty owners as if the shoe were on
the other foot. and the effort was to
lessen rather than increase the zon-
Ing restrictions against the wishes of
the majority.
The strong objection manifested
by residents of the Congress Heights
and Bradbury Heights sections of
Southeast Washington to low-cost
developments in those areas does
emphasize, however, the nature of a
problem faced by the public housing
authorities for which they do not
seem to have found a satisfactory
answer. That is the problem of con-
vincing property holders that such
developments do not adversely affect
surrounding property values. The
prevailing idea among property
owners is that the effect is damaging
and this idea, as much as anything
else, accounts for the skepticism of
a large part of the public over the
benefits Of public housing.
Those interested in public housing
should be in position by this time
to demonstrate that a community is
improved, rather than injured, by
public housing. If they lack the
means of making that demonstra-
ton they will face source of oppo-
sition that will go far to discredit
the value OF what they are trying
to do.
Evening star., 1944-01-10

issue. The question is not considered
OF vital national interest to the people
of the United States, who therefore feel
free to discuss it in terms Of general
principles. The question is considered
vital by the Russian government and
therefore they refuse to discuss it at all.
The fact that the New York Times
cabled the article to Russia in advance
OF publication, did not help matters.
No doubt 1t was cabled as gesture to
indicate the friendliness of Mr.. WILKES
intentions. But in Moscow they must
have regarded the cable as proof that
the article was not addressed only to
America, but also to the Kremlin.
1t is characteristic of the Anglo
Saxon and democratic method to believe
that you can always settle issues If
you just sit down as friends around
a table. Actually We only settle such
issues that way as don't greatly matter.
Evening star., 1944-01-10
The Jet Plane

Though it may seem in some ways
as fantastic as a Buck Rogers dis
integrator gun, the new British
American ''jet" plane is nevertheless
authoritatively described as a re-
ality full of revolutionary poten-
tialities not merely as regards air
warfare but also as regards the
peacetime development of motive
power for transportation in general.
The idea is not new. Scientists in
this country and elsewhere have
long been engaged in experimenting
with the principles of rocket propul-
sion. and earlier in the war the Ital-
ians were reported to have flown a
similar plane from Milan to Rome.
The italian test, however, was ap-
parently not rewarding enough to
warrant any serious effort to pro-
duce the machine in quantity, but
the British-American development
is officially recorded as definite
success, with production for our al
he'd air forces already started.
In their joint announcement on
the subject, the United States Army
Air Forces and the Royal Air Force
do not go into details but they leave
no room for doubt that the new
plane-designed for fighter pur-
poses-really works. That is the
most significant point in the story:
The machine works; it works so we'll
that it is going to be produced in
large numbers: and that means that
the principles of rocket propulsion,
with all their far-reaching implica-
tions, have at last been put into
operation in practical way. This
appears to be no seven-day wonder
destined to fizzle out in failure. It
has been subjected to rigid flight
tests both in this country and in
Britain. Some of the country's
leading aircraft experts have hailed
1t. Men like Captain Eddie Ricken-
backer-perhaps with a degree of
xaggeration-see it as something
affecting the course of civilization,
speeding up progress in the world by
as much as fifty years. And it may,
In fact. be what Robert A. Lovett,
Assistant Secretary of War for Air,
had in mind recently when he de-
clared that two new and vastly su-
perior types of fighter planes would
soon be in combat along with our
so far unexcelled P-38s and PATS.
Made possible chiefly by the work
Of Captain Frank Whittle of the
RAF, the new propellerless craft is
said to fly at extreme heights at a
rate of between 500 and 900 miles an
hour. or between 100 and 200 miles
faster than the maximum of any
tighter now in combat. The ad-
vantageS of such speed in air war
fare are obvious, but the possibilities
implicit in the development are even
more important and of far broader
application than that. For If the
principles OF rocket propulsion can
- exploited 20 successfully IN mill
Evening star., 1944-01-10
Gives Theory of Why
Labor Suspects Management.

To the Editor OF The Star:
Recently this great Nation of ours
was confronted with a threatened rail-
road strike, steel strike, and earlier a
mine strike
I have three sons, whom I love very
much, in the military service of this
country, and 1 would have been very
much disturbed had the work stoppages
occurred.
However, let me say that the onus was
not entirely on labor
/ am not and never have been a men,
Der of any labor organization, but that
does not mean that have any scruples
against them, either
I will cite one of hundreds of person.
ally known conditions that prompt bad
labor relations.
was associated with a corporation for
many years that practiced the following
policy:
An old man, loyal employe for over
so years, around his 10th birthday be-
came blind. No longer able to follow
his customary duties or any other duties,
he was turned out to cast about as best
he could. I was delegated to contact
the public authorities and see If I could
get him public assistance. Another man
who was let out of another corporation
due to the depression was a neighbor of
one of the vice presidents Of the corpora
ton that employed the first old employe,
and he was taken on at $35 per week,
never having worked for the corpora
ton before. Within six months after
his employment, he fell i'll with an in
durable disease, yet he was kept on the
payroll of the corporation for 80 weeks,
or until his death, at full salary.
This. my friends, as I said before. is
only one Of hundreds of cases that I
could furnish, and certainly indicates
why labor IS suspicious of management,
and justifiably so. JERRY CONWAY.
Evening star., 1944-01-10
"All-out Conscription"
Favored Now.


Favored Now.
To the Editor OF The Star:
After Pearl Harbor, 1t was to be ex-
pected that the President would call
upon Congress to apply the Conscription
Act to essential war industry. Anv hope
to win the war involves two factors:
First a sufficiently large, we'll l-trained
army on land, sea and in air. This was
provided by the Conscription Act of
September 1910. Secondly, a sufficiently
large army at home to equip and main
tain the fighting forces. All must fight
or work in some way for victory. The
army on the home front must be as fully
under the control of the Government
as the armed forces. If the Govern
ment has power over life and death in
the Army in the field, decides where
they shall work and fight, in order to
protect home, property, freedom, the
way OF life for themselves and their
fellow countrymen working at home,
surely that Government which sends
these men to training camps and battle
helds, must have equal power to con-
script an army at home to support and
equip the men in active warfare The
Government must have power closely to
coordinate the activities Of the two
armies.
Great Britain, Russia, the enemy Axis
powers have drastic conscription laws.
In two years warfare, the British con-
scription law has provided for full mo-
bilization Of both labor and capital to
carry on the war effort effectively. This
conscriptive power has been exercised in
Great Britain and accepted without
question as necessary for winning the
war Official reports state more than
two out of every three persons in Great
Britain between the ages of IA and IS
have been conscripted, and are working
full time in the armed forces, civilian
defense or industry"
But with full knowledge of the abso-
Lutte necessity of co-ordinated control of
the two armieS-overSeas and at home
the outstanding labor leaders, while fully
aware of the sweeping CONSUMPTION laws
of both our Allies and enemies, protested
vehemently against any form of con-
scription for American labor, denouncing
1t as slavery" and pledging that there
would be no strikes. In view of the
record of many labor unions in "sit-
down" strikes, actual strikes, clamorous
demand for CLOSED shop" etc, this cry
of Slavery" and only a conditional
pledge OF no strikes actually seems
puerile, compared with the conscription
of fellow citizens to risk limb and life to
preserve the rights, property and lives of
these very protestants against less dan
gerouS conscription. No matter how
sincere these protests, it is grave mis-
take to imperil the war effort by oppos-
ing similar conscription to that accepted
in Great Britain as effective and neces-
sary for the winning of the war.
But surprisingly, yielding to these la
bor protests, President Roosevelt failed
to call upon Congress to authorize in
dustrial CONSUMPTION where necessary.
BISHOP JAMES CANNON, Jr.
Richmond, Va.
Evening star., 1944-01-10

Army Ground Forces,
in which he said
that the infantry
now comprises less
than 20 per cent of
the total strength of
the Army. Possibly
this anxiety is re-
lated to London
dispatches which at
tribute to British
military sources" q
feeling that the
American and Brit
lsh publics are UNDER
rating the difficulties
of invading Europe,
Evening star., 1944-01-10

also meant it, I
think, as an instru-
ment for modifying
home critics of Rus
sian-Polish affairs.
From Moscow, how
ever, the article a | e
looks like a move
ment on the part of
a presidential candi-
date to open a mat
ter they con 81 d e r
settled. Both the ar
ticle and the reac-
ton to it show the
wide difference in
the pValll9tjon of tho