davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1944-01-06
u. s. Treasurer Given
Boost for Presidency
By the Associated Press.

BALTIMORE. Jan. 6.LCharles
Sawyer, Democratic national COM
mitteeman from Cincinnati, himself
Ohio's favorite son candidate for the
presidency at the 1910 national con-
vention, announced yesterday that
he favored w. A. Julian, Treasurer
OF the United States, as q favorite
son candidate this year.
Mr.. Sawyer, in Baltimore in con-
Evening star., 1944-01-06
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$500 Wise. AVE. NV.
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3833 s. CAPITOL ST.
Evening star., 1944-01-06

I2th 4 PA. AVE. Sc.
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ARLINGTON-COL. PIKI
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ROCKVILLE, MD.
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Evening star., 1944-11-03
Iruniun ;niumu

OlplOmaClc tension is rising rap
idly in Iran and may develop into a
test Of Russian and British policies
In the Middle East, with America
playing a subsidiary yet by no means
negligible role. The present incident
arose some weeks ago with the an
nouncement that a Soviet mission
was in Teheran, the Iranian capital,
negotiating for oil concessions in
the northern part of the country.
1t took critical turn when the
1ranian government refused the
Russian proposals and was severely
taken to task by the official Moscow
press and radio. Obviously, Teheran
was being put under strong pressure
to accede to Russian demands.
While the British government has
not yet formally pronounced itself,
the British Broadcasting Corpora
tion has stated that the British
Minister to Teheran has mo objec-
ton" to its refusal of oil concessions
to Russia, and the American Minis
ter has told the Iranian government
that its decision to postpone talks
on such matters until after the war
is entirely legal and within it's
rights" Thus, London and Wash
ington are at least negatively sup
porting Teheran in its stand, which
the Iranian Premier Said has ex-
planned in radio broadcast, stress
ing the fact that public opinion
would consider any wartime conces-
sions as having been made under
duress, especially since foreign
troops are stationed in parts of the
country.
The Iranian government is GER
tainly on strong ground. The pres
ent regime was set up after the
joint Anglo Russian intervention in
the autumn of 1941 to oust Reza
Shah Pahlevi, who had objected to
the establishment of a supply line
across Iran to Russia, which would
have meant the abandonment of his
policy of neutrality. The new gov
ernment was, from the first, entirely
cooperative, and its attitude won
the warm acknowledgment of the
big Three" who met at Teheran
for their momentous conference
two years later. The official COM
munique of the Teheran Conference
had a special clause concerning
Iran which reads as follows: 1.-THE
Government Of the United States Of
America, the U. s. s. r. and the
United Kingdom recognize the as
sistance Iran has given in the war,
particularly by facilitating the
transportation Of supplies from
overseas to the Soviet Union. The
Evening star., 1944-11-03
Portrait of q Young Man

He had brought the stone from his
fathers place,
Hauling 1t i0tth his bay mare hitched
to the sledge,
And n0tD tDith slotD iDonderment da,Dn-
ing on his face
He turns to see the heapy iron ioedqe
And the toooden nsallet he had made
today
For splitting out his rails; his ar uith
cleaning bit
And hickory handles untitled just the
tDdy
He likes; tomorrow morning he pin
sharpen it
To knite-keen sharpness upon the bio
round stone
Turned BY neighbor boy. Long. long
ago
He had turned this grindstone whas
his dad
Whetted a,pay the dullness Of his ar
NTH SlotD,
Firm strokes. He thought. I'll see the
day my lad
viii shape to manhood on the turning
stone
OF years, to hold an sr Dithin his
hand
And. iohettino It, make q dream his
4 dream Of splitting rails to texcs his
land.
ALMA robson MoBE.
Evening star., 1944-11-03
On the Record
BY Dorothy THOMPSON

1t is probably just as we'll that the
recall OF 1t. Gen. Joseph w. Stilwell
from China has lifted the veil on condi-
tions there. Correspondents who have
returned from the Far East have dis
cussed the situation privately with
anxiety for years. Toward none of our
Allies, considered as a people, are Amer
ican hearts warmer than toward the
Chinese. The dogged sacrificial heroism
Of the Chinese common soldier has been
confirmed by every American reporting
on China.
Nor were We for time, in q position
to make criticisms of the conduct of the
Chang regime. Gen. Stilweu went to
China as hardly more than \ token of
good will, and promise substantially
to aid, as and when we could. No ofIicer
ever undertook more thankless mis-
sion. I believe that at least one gen.
eral turned it down, before Gen. Still
we'll said laconically: Okay. When do
I start?
But with the epochal naval victory
in the waters of the Philippines, the war
in the Far East enters a new phase, and
American prestige has skyrocketed in
the Pacific area. So it became necessary
both to clear up certain matters as a
preface to new operations, and possible
to take a stand in good grace. If the
withdrawal Of Gen. Stilwell is con-
f1rmation of diplomatic failure it is
dubious whether our prestige suffers
as badly as the generalissimo's.
1t. Gen. Stilwel is not a man who
cares about prestige-certainly not about
his own. If he did he never would have
undertaken his mission in the first
place. Gen. Stilwell is an American
patriot, warm and sincere friend of
China, whose language he speaks flu
emily, and over and above everything
else, soldier. Although the President
said in his press conference that it was
all just personal matter-which is the
diplomatic way for the head Of a state
to put 1.-THE personal matter extends
to the American Ambassador, Clarence
E. Gauss, who has resigned and is on
his way home.
The sad truth Is that automatically
and politically we have recognized
China as the fourth power on earth,
which she potentially is, but as
promise Of future greatness and not as
an existing fact.
The existing fact Is that China is
not yet an organized national state,
but country that has been fighting
Evening star., 1944-11-03
] Syndicate. Inc.)

observation, If not control, as long as
the Japanese hold Luzon.
The southern route lies through the
Surigao Strait, between Leyte and Dina
gat Islands, past the northeastern tip
of Mindanao into the Mindanao Sea;
thence between the Island of Negros and
the western end of Mindanao into the
Sulu Sea.
Movement from the Sulu Sea into the
South China Sea Is dominated by the
long narrow island of Palawan.
There Is only one other means Of
movement for shipping from the Pacific
into the water of the Central Philippines,
and that is the narrow and dangerous
San Juanico Strait between Samar and
Leyte, passage at some points only
200 yards wide and filled with perils
to navigation, but deep enough for all
classes Of ships except perhaps the
largest battleships and aircraft carriers.
This strait we now control on both its
shores.
AS to the two main routes, it Is
obvious that as long as the Japanese
can hang on to the two big islands of
Luzon and Mindanao we shall not be
able to move freely through either
AooeS' INV, az ACdot, uiltil we nave
pushed them back from the southern
end Of Luzon and from the northern
coast of Mindanao In other words,
the japanese can deny us free move.
ment into the South China Sea by
way Of Philippine waters until we come
and fight them on the big islands where
they have most of their troops con-
centrated.
If we could get full control of the
Surfgao Strait and the Mindanao Sea
and establish ourselves firmly at some
such position as the Malampaya Sound,
we would then dominate the South
China Sea. But all this might prove a
lengthy process.
On the other hand q direct move on
Luzon might also prove a lengthy pro-
cess. 1t Is question of what we want
to do first-of what particular accom-
plishment has number one priority.
In any case, time is the most inn
portant factor in all our plans, and In
all Of the japanese counterplans.
(Copyright, 1944)
Evening star., 1944-11-03

civil war since 1911, and a foreign
war for seven years, without pacifying
the internal struggles. We have three
Chinese areas: The one controlled by
the Japanese, the one controlled by
the Chinese Communists" who are
in reality radical agrarian reformers
with attractions toward the Soviet
Union, but as party more independent
OF Russia than any other Communist
party has been, and, third, the Chung
king area Of Chiang's Kuomintang
The three areas are at war with each
other, and two Of them at war with
Japan. Constant attempts have been
made, with American support, to end
this feud, which is tying up, from
Chiangs side, an estimated 100000 to
100000 men. and from both sides, from
100000 to 100000 men.
Such situation interferes with every
strategy. America has backed Chang
with all available lease-lend for his war
against Japan-fown in, under tremen-
dous difficulties over the Himalayas.
But we have no interest In furnishing
the generalissimo with lease-lend for
a war against other Chinese, who are
also on our side.
The opening of the Pacific offers DOS
sibilities of fighting the Japs, in other
ways than from the interior of China.
If We should have a united Chinese
Army on the Asiatic mainland, it would
be worth while to surmount the fam
tastic dinculties OF supplying such
force. But II, on the other hand, this
Chinese force is paralyzed within itself,
and the leader Of the Chinese state
unwilling to accept an impartial Ameri-
can command, which might be able to
cement the politically divergent forces
for military purposes, then every expert
on logistics would, think, say that we
should use our ships to reach the Pa
ciflc shorelines of China, there create a
force Of our own, and continue the
war against Japan as an amphibious
operation, thus putting to fullest use
our present naval supremacy.
Also it is an open secret that we
hope that with victory in Europe the
Soviet Union might join us against
Japan and there are compelling reasons
why the Soviets might do so. But
certainly they will not join us, in order
to consolidate in China, the country
with which they have the longest land
frontier, a regime bitterly hostile to
them.
(Released BY the Rel eyndicata IncN
Evening star., 1944-11-03
Democratic 'Jitters'

President RooSevelt's address from
the White House-the next to the
last major speech OF his campaign
was designed to bring the attention
of the voters back to the war and
the postwar period. It was designed
also to focus attention on what has
been one of the major premises Of
his campaign-that he is specially
qualified by experience to deal with
war and postwar problems.
Mr.. Roosevelt urged his audience
to think of the tasks that lie ahead
of us-of the "long, tough miles to
Berlin" Of all the major landings
yet to be made in the Pacific. That,
he said, gives a conception of the
magnitude of the Job that remains
to be done.
The President did not tie this in
with direct appeal for his own re-
election. Instead, he stressed the
need for continued all-out produc-
ton, for the avoidance of anything
that might interfere even tempo
rarily with the prosecution of the
war. The implication was clear that
the election of Governor Dewey, in
the Presidents opinion, might re-
suit in delay, but he vas content,
and wisely so, to leave this to infer
ence.
Mr.. Roosevelt went further in
dealing with the postwar aspect Of
the picture. He told how "hearten-
ing" it was for him to have known
and talked with the statesmen of
the smaller nations as well as our
larger Allies. He spoke of the many
fruitful hours" he had spent talking
with men from the more remote
nations. And. he concluded, ut is
only through an understanding
acquired by years of consultation
that one can get a viewpoint of their
problems and their innate yearnings
for freedom"
This Is legitimate campaigning
and, if the voters are interested in
the higher issues, it may be effective.
Certainly, 1t is difficult argument
for Governor Dewey to meet. About
all that he can do is point to the
Presidents statements as confirma-
tion Of his complaint against per-
sonalized diplomacy, a dependence
on one man which he holds to be
inimical to the best interests of the
country.
There was a very plain suggestion
in the Presidents speech, however,
that he anticipates another line of
attack from his opponent in the
closing days of the campaign. Mr..
Roosevelt warned against wicked
charges" which may be made,
against ''hysterical, last-minute
accusations Other Democratic
Spokesmen have been hammering
away at this same theme, apparently
in apprehensive expectation of an
eleventh-hour bombshell from the
Dewey camp. What this may be,
assuming that the COP is holding
something back, is a closely-euarded
campaign secret. But whether It
turns out to be a political block
buster or a dud, it is getting an
extraordinary buildup from jittery
Democratic opposition.
Evening star., 1944-11-03
Time Factor in Philippines
By Maj. George Fielding Eliot

1t seems likely that the Japanese
resistance on Leyte, which has stiffened
again after some signs Of disintegration
after the defeat of the japanese fleet,
may have been reinforced to some ex-
tent by troops from Cebu and other
islands. The movement of reinforce
ments by barges and other small craft
across the Camotes Sea is most risky
and costly operation, because of the
vigilance of our aircraft and motor tor
pedo boats.
The net results in terms of troops and
supplies actually delivered on Leyte
cannot be very high. 1t may, therefore,
be asked why the Japanese undertake
it at all; why they are not, instead,
moving in the reverse direction, from
Leyte to Cebu, giving up the defense
of Leyte as a bad job.
The answer Is probably our old friend
and constant companion, the time fac
tor. The Japanese are perfectly we'll
aware that Leyte is only a stepping
stone, that the immediate American
objective is the reconquest Of Luzon or
at least the establishment Of American
fighting power on the shoes of the
South China Sea so that the vital
japanese shipping lanes through that
sea may be definitely cut.
Their plan for the defense of the
Philippines was based on the active
interference of the imperial feet. That
was tried and failed Now they must
fall back on passive defense Of success
sive island positions, maintaining as
long as they can their dominance Of
the two major waterways by which large
ships may pass through the waters Of
the Philippine Archipelago from east to
west-that is, from the Pacific to the
South China Sea-
These are the northern passage, via
San Bernardino Strait, and the SOUTH
ern passage via Surigao Strait.
The northern passage leads from San
Bernardino Strait (Which Is between
the southern tip Of Luzon and the island
of Samar) into the Samar Sea. From
this sea shipping can pass north of
Masbate Island into the Sibuyan Sea,
and thence into the South China Sea
either north or south Of Mindoro; or
going south Of Masbate the Visayan Sea
is reached, which opens into the South
China and Sulu Seas through several
passages. But to all these water areas,
the San Bernardino Strait Is the key,
and that key Is under close japanese
Evening star., 1944-11-03
koreu's Duy

The Government of the United
States has paid honor to the peo-
pie of Korea by releasing for postal
use a stamp bearing their mystic
flag. BY logical inference, the little
colored scraps of paper thus placed
in circulation will symbolic Amer
lean interest in the cause of liberty
in the Orient, especially as it relates
to that national community on the
mainland of Asia which longest has
been an object of ruthless Japanese
aggression. The Cairo declaration
of President Roosevelt, Prime Min
lister Churchill and Generalissimo
Chang Kai-shek last year already
has become part Of the history of
current times. 1t represents a fixed
determination that Korea shall be
free and independent" even though
it was qualified, somewhat curiously,
by the supplementary phrase "in
due course"
Meanwhile, the ties Of friendship
between considerable numbers Of
Koreans and many Americans are
being strengthened by processes of
education and cooperation. Young
men and boys of Korean descent
are fighting in the Army and the
Navy of the United States; their
sisters are nurses and factory
workers on the "home front" from
Portland, Maine to Honolulu and
Pearl Harbor in Hawaii. When VIC
tory finally has been won, the men,
cries Of mutual effort will not be
forgotten. The stamp issued yester-
day is, In certain tangible sense, a
seal on compact of amity and
fellowship which ought never to be
broken.
Evening star., 1944-11-03
This Changing World
By Consfanfiss Broscn

No American presidential election
has ever been followed with greater
eagerness by the outside world than
the present one.
From cursory analysis of the views
expressed in the major Allied countries,
there is no indication that the foreign
governments have any particular pref
erence. They are interested principally
in the United States. Premier Stain
and Prime Minister Churchill and the
heads Of the other United Nations know
Mr.. Roosevelt personally, and his way
OF thinking, but should he not win they
feel they will be able to get along with
another President just as well.
The military operations in Europe
have been slowed down in the last few
weeks, not because Of the internal situa-
tion in this country but because Of the
increased resistance OF the Nazis on
their own soil. Fresh German troops
who in the past had been stationed in
the Balkans have reached the Siegfried
Line to bolster the resistance of the
available defense forces.
-
The Allied campaign in Italy has
been begged down by the lack of ade-
quate forces to perform q spectacular
break-through and by the bad weather
which has set in and Is likely to last for
several months. While the Allies on
this front have suffered fewer casualties
than on the German front, they are
frequently hampered by the illness of
a large number of men in the line.
- k*A
On the eastern front the Russians
do not seem prepared to hit the Ger
mans hard on their vital line of de-
fenSe, since the Red armies have not
yet completed the conquest Of all ter
ritories in Central Europe. The cam
paign in Hungary has gone less fast
than the Russian high command had
expected, because Of transportation and
communication difficulties. The same
thing applies to the northern and west
ern sections of Yugoslavia. From the
meager information we can CLEAN from
Moscow, it appears that no all-out
offensive against the vital defense lines
OF the Reich can be expected until the
entire Balkans and Central Europe fall
into Russian hands
While most military men expect
luli on the western and Italian fronts
Evening star., 1944-11-03
Jupun's Air Losses

The japanese must mourn for
more than their lost sea power.
They must mourn, too, for their lost
power in the air. According to Ad-
miral Nimitz, during the past two
months no fewer than 1884 of their
planes have been shot down or de-
stroyed on the ground by carrier
aircraft from our Third and Seventh
Fleets. The figure does not include
the many others wiped out by our
Army flyers, but it is astonishing
enough standing by itself.
In effect, the toll taken by our
Navy means the enemy in the Far
East is now losing fighting planes
at rate faster than he can build
them. Aircraft production in Japan
is somewhere around $500 a month,
total which includes perhaps hun
dreds Of such noncombat types as
trainers and transports. Accord
ingly, If we add our Army air kill
to that of our carrier forces, it
becomes clear that the Japanese
are suffering degree of attrition
considerably in excess of their maxi
mum replacement capacity-a fact
whose significance Is too obvious to
need elaboration.
The score run up by our carriers
Is the more remarkable when we
consider that it cost only about 800
OF our own planes and that many
of the flyers who went down with
these were saved. In other words,
our Navy destroyed more than eight
japanese planes for every one it
itself lost, and probably much the
same ratio holds for what Army
flyers did during the same period.
The explanation seems plain
enough: Quantitatively and quali-
tatively, the Japanese are no match
for Americans in the sky. Our ma
chimes are superior and our pilots
and crewmen are far better trained
and more resourceful, and our pro-
ductive capacity is virtually limit
less compared to Japan'S.
Moreover, now that General Mac
Arthur is in the Philippines, now
that our Navy is free to strike any
where in the Pacific, now that our
Super Fortresses are accelerating
their operations, the September
October rate Of enemy air losses
may well be exceeded in the months
Immediately ahead. Not only is
Japan likely to lose more and more
planes and more and more pilots
Evening star., 1944-11-03

governments are at one with the
government Of Iran In their desire
for the maintenance of the inde-
pendence, sovereignty and terri
torial integrity of Iran. They count
upon the participation OF Iran, to-
gether with all other peace-loving
nations, in the establishment of
international peace, security and
prosperity after the war, in accord
ance with the principles of the
Atlantic Charter, to which all four
governments have continued to sub
scribe"
II, in face Of all this, Teheran is
not free to dispose of its own in
ternal economy as it sees fit, the
Teheran Declaration would seem to
have little meaning.
Evening star., 1944-11-03
Mr.. Nelson's Trip Back

I'he recall OF General StllWell, who
enjoys to an unusual degree the
confidence and respect of the Amer
lean people, has been interpreted as
depressing sign of deterioration in
our relations with Generalissimo
Chang Kai-Shek. The japanese
have been quick to interpret it that
way and are making the most of
the incident in their propaganda
directed to the Chinese. But a
reasonable Interpretation of the
recall, coupled with that of Ameri-
can Ambassador Clarence E. Gauss,
Is that the break has not been as
much with Chang as with our own
past methods of dealing with him
as an ally.
In this respect, the announce
ment that Donald Nelson is return
Ing to China is significant. He orig
inally accompanied Major General
Patrick J. Hurley to China as sort
Of ambassador without portfolio
from the world of American know
how" That mission must have con-
vinced him, and enabled him to
convince the Generalissimo, of the
opportunities for practical applica-
ton of American methods to China s
handicapped and struggling war
production. His return to China is
in itself an indication of confidence
in our ability to continue, along new
lines, a mutually advantageous CO.
operation with the Chinese.
Mr.. Nelson can offer the Chinese
a knowledge of ways and available
means to do things more econom-
ically and more efficiently, not
merely to stimulate China's own
feeble war production but to reveal
to the Chinese some of the possibili-
ties inherent in the postwar future.
Mr.. Nelson has had more intimate
knowledge than any other man of
Americas own incredible war pro-
duction and of the top controls
which helped harness it to greatest
advantage. There is no real COM
parison, of course, between the war
effort Of American industry and
even the best that could be devel-
oped in China. But great deal can
be done by making available what
Mr.. Nelson, with pride, calls Ameri-
can know-how to methods which
the Chinese have been following
unchanged for generations. He pos
sesses some of this know-how him.
self, and what he does not have he
knows where to obtain.
In addition to the practical aid in
this form that he can furnish, Mr..
Nelson will take with him an en-
thusiasm for and a belief in the
tremendous possibilities of China
and a genuine respect for the
Chinese people.