davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-01-08
Prisoners Reported
Cleared From Poland
By the Associated Press.

py Inc Associated freSS.
BARCELONA, Jan. 8.-The Ger
mans started evacuating Polish and
Russian prisoners from the eastern
part of old Poland and from East
Prussia as soon as the Red Army
plunged across the old Polish Dor
der, according to information from
inside Germany.
A force Of Polish guerrillas was
said to have suddenly attacked Ger
man troops evacuating Poles from
a prison camp near Wilma and to
have freed 200 of them.
The Russian drive also touched
off a new campaign of anti-Nazi
propaganda within Germany itself
it was said.
A flood OF pamphlets was re-
ported to have appeared on Berlin
sidewalks, giving news of the front
and showing Hitler and Napoleon
looking at two maps.
One map was described as show
ing the former German positions at
Stalingrad and the other the Rus
sian positions on the old Polish bor-
der" with Napoleon saying, II saw
it coming"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-01-08
Sweden and Germany
To Sign New Trade PACT

BY the Associated Press.
STOCKHOLM, Jan. "a Swed-
ish-German trade treaty for 1914
which will permit resumption of safe
conduct for Swedish ships travelling
to and from South America will be
signed early next week, the news
paper Dagens Nyheter said yester-
day.
The treaty, already agreed on, re-
duces the amount of goods Sweden
will send Germany, including vital
high-grade iron ore, the newspaper
said. Figures showed that the trade
exchange in 1943 was not as great as
anticipated, it was explained, and
Sweden is building up an export re-
serve for the postwar world market
The German government notified
Sweden last october % it was nc
longer able to grant safe conduct
for the Swedish vessels due to
military dispositions in the Skag-
gerak." About five ships month
had been plying to and from South
America bringing oil, wool, cotton
and food to Sweden.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-01-08
Unions May Ignore
Rail Wage Hearing
Called for Monday
BY the Associated Press.

by the AsSociated PreSs.
A special presidential board
has summoned the railroad Of
ficials and is incorporating un-
ions to a hearing Monday on
their wage dispute, but in the
absence of a clearcut explana-
ton of the boards duties and
authority, 1t is doubtful whether
the unions would appear, except
on a conditional basis.
The unions have contended that
the only issue subject to considera-
ton and ruling is overtime, whereas
the carriers want the whole wage
question considered, including the
graduated increases of 4 to 10 cents
an hour recommended by a board
appointed by President Roosevelt
last November.
The personnel of the two boards
are the same. Neither the Govern
ment's sterilization chiefs nor the
board would state their understand
ing Of the Presidents order after
conferences yesterday.
Both the incorporating and three
operating unions-conductors, fire.
men and switchmen-planned sepa-
rate meetings today to decide
courses of action. A report from
subcommittee Of the operating
groups was expected to indicate the
terms which these three unions will
accept.
In statement yesterday the three
operating unions said "the battle we
are now engaged in goes beyond the
matter of determining railroad
wages. 1t involves the fundamental
principle Of collective bargaining.
1t involves defense of the integrity
Of the Railway Labor Act, for the
enactment of which labor and man.
agement struggled, and which has
been praised for its efficacy by every
administration, including the pres
ent one"
They said that If the act had been
allowed to take its course, the ma
chinery of collective bargaining be-
tween carriers and employees would
now be available.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-01-08
British Paratroop Leader
Made Lieutenant General

BY the Associated Press.
LONDON, Jan. 8.-The COM
mander of Britain's air borne forces
Maj. Gen. F. A. M. Browning, was
promoted yesterday to acting lieu
tenant general-perhaps significant
of the important role parachutists
are to play in the coming CONT
mental invasion.
Feverish activity was reported al
command headquarters, where the
arrival Of Gen. Dwight D. Essen
hover as supreme invasion COM
mander was awaited.
All commanders have been named
except the field general for invading
American troops. He has beer
chosen but his name is being kept
aclosely-guarded secret.
Commenting on this, Morely
Richards, Daily Express military
writer, said "the armies under his
leadership will be considerably
larger than the British"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-01-08
Newark News Printers
Report, Then Go Home
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
NEWARK, N. j., Jan. 8.-Printers
employed by the Newark Evening
News reported for work today, then
returned home as the newspaper
went through the second day of a
shutdown in a dispute centering
about wages.
The Newark Typographical Union,
No. lob, which alleges the publish
ing firm has caused lockout u
said all men reported for the 7 and
8 am. shifts, but the elevator OPP
orator refused to take them to the
composing room floor of the News
{; Building. The men were checked
present by the chapel chairman,
then told to disperse.
Benjamin ]. Foley, general man
ager of the News, said there were
mo developments. He had charged
that a typesetting showdown yester-
day was strike by definition of the
War Labor Board.
Elmer J. Madden, president OF
the local, an affiliate of the Inter-
national Typographical Union, de-
MED there was any strike,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-01-08
7 Danish Sayings Blamed
On German Terrorists

BY the Associated Press.
STOCKHOLM, Jan. 8.-The Free
Danish News Service declared last
night that the two recent political
Sayings in Denmark were ian or
ganized Nazi terror action intended
to scare Danish patriots from taking
the law into their hands against
informers."
Victims Of the two slayings were
DR.. Willy Vighold, a city councillor
in Slagelse who was shot in his Office
Thursday, and Kaj Munk, famed
Danish poet who was killed earlier
in gangster style.
The news service said nearly all
arrests by German police in Den
mark in the last two months have
been made on the basis of tips fur
niShed by Danish informers.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-01-08
Red Cross Reminds Of Ban
On War Prisoner ReprisaIs
By the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
GENEVA, Jan. 8.-The Interna-
tional Committee of the Red Cross
has appealed to all belligerents not
to modify the status conferred by
international agreements on war
prisoners and civilian internees.
The appeal, communicated De-
cember 80 to the belligerent powers
and made public yesterday, re-
minded them that a 1929 convention
expressly forbids reprisal measures
against captives in enemy hands.
1t said, Whatever views the bel
ligerent powers may hold on the
legal possibility of prosecuting war
prisoners for offenses committed
prior to their capture and allegedly
imputable to them, these powers
should never resort to such prose-
cutions by way of reprisal."
The committee added, "This would
appear more imperative" for such
acts would encounter grave diff
culties In the establishment of the
facts and the determination of &C
cused persons individual respon-
sibility."
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-01-08
Father Egan, Formerly
OF St. Patrick S, Dies
BY the Associated Press,

BY the Associated Press,
BALTIMORE, Jan. 8.-The Rev.
Martin Egan, formerly of st. Johns
Catholic Church, Westminster, and
st. Patrick's Church, Washington,
died yesterday at the home of his
sister here
Father Egan retired because Of i'll
health five years ago and lived with
his sister, Miss Anna Egan, until his
death.
A native Baltimorean, the priest
attended st. Charles College and St.
Mary's Seminary. He was ordained
by Cardinal Gibbons on June l6,
1920.
A solemn requiem mass will be
sung at the Baltimore Cathedral
Monday,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-01-08
New Plane
Continued From First Page

momentum, or even eliminate the
need for wings.
He said the principle had been
known and experimental upon for
some years and that the device is
"in itself a reactive engine where
gases burn and expand rapidly and
where the reaction is controlled
through a specially designed jet,
controlled by the pilot, to get a max
imum thrust (speed."
After 400 miles per hour, in the
usual airplane, he said, the propeller
efficiency falls off and the blade be-
gins ito work at an uneconomical
angle of attack" and no horsepower
increase will add any efficiency.
Eventually, he said, there will be
mo limit" to the jet-propelled
planes speed.
The engine, he said, may be so
designed that it will not require
natural air, enabling the craft to
dy at extraordinary attitudes.
Mai. De Seversky said the new
aircraft would require no extensive
training program for flyers.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-01-08
Bolivian Counselor
Quits Embassy Here
After Hull Statement

DR.. Raul de Medina, financial
counselor and former charge DAFT
fairs of the Bolivian Embassy here
has sent his resignation to the b.
liviar government as result of the
statement by Secretary of State Hull
that information now available
here increasingly strengthens the
belief that forces outside of Bolivia
ana unfriendly to the defense of the
American republics inspired anc
aided the Bolivian revolution"
DR.. de Medina said Mr.. Hull's
statement confirmed his own sus-
piclons. He has been associated
with the Bolivian Embassy here
twice-resigning once in 1881 in or
der to become journalist and re-
joining it in 1887. He wrote for The
Evening Star under the name oil
CASTOR Nerval and is the author o.
a standard work on the Monroe
Doctrine
Meanwhile, the possibility of i'm.
posing an embargo against Bolivia
was reported under discussion Off
cially here today.
Argentine's Embargo Weighed.
Imposition of an embargo on Ar.
gentina is also being seriously con.
sidered, but British reliance on Ar.
gentina for meat raises the problem
of the practicability of such sane.
lions. Although Mr.. Hull did not say
SO, the "unfriendly" inspiration fol
the revolution is believed to be Ar.
gentinian.
The United States is not yet ready
to announce definitely it will refuse
to recognize the revolutionary Bo.
livian regime, but the Hull state.
ment indicates the likelihood Of
recognition is slim. The government,
in La Paz is sending a special envoy
to MISUNDERSTANDING o.
Foreign Affairs Fernando Iturraldt
Chinel-to present the case for the
revolution.
The State Department is now ir
the process of exchanging informa.
ton with all the American republics
except Bolivia and Argentina on the
facts behind the revolution. Argen.
tina is the only republic which has
recognized the Bolivian regime.
Will Ask Hull for Proof.
In La Paz the Bolivian govern
ment, through Foreign Minister Jose
Tamayo, said it will demand con-
crete and precise proof" of Mr.. Hull's
tentative conclusion about the un-
friendly inspiration of the revolu-
ton. He said, according to the AS
ISOLATED Press, that the United
States had fallen into the error OF
giving credit to sources interested in
classifying the real purpose of the
revolution and the consequent
formation of the junta."
The Hull statement posed serious
problem for Enrique de Lozada, who
resigned from the Office of the Co.
ordinator of Inter- american Affairs
to become confidential agent here
for the Bolivian government. He is
uncertain whether to resign. He is
said to be waiting for report or
the nature of the government from
Jose Are, leader of the Left Revolu.
tionary Party of Bolivia, who is err
route to La Paz from exile in Mexico
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-01-08
RAJ Blasts Germany
9Th Night in FoIIowup
OF Heavy u. ). Raid
BY the Associated Press.

LONDON, Jan. 8.-Britain's
wooden Mosquito bombers, raid
ing Germany for the seventh
consecutive night, hit targets in
the Western Reich last night
without loss in the wake of a
strong American daylight attack
which Swedish reports said gave
the chemical city of Ludwigs-
hafen a death blow"
The Stockholm Tidningen de-
clared the force of hundreds of
Flying Fortresses and Liberators
which drove deep into Southwest
Germany yesterday bombed the I. G..
Farben poison gas works at Lud-
wigshafen and that the city now
looks completely flattened out"
Quoting private reports, the paper
said blockbusters and incendiaries
were dropped, setting huge fires
which turned the town into "a sea
of fire"
Stockholm reports also said the
twin city of Mannheim was struck.
Allies Fail to Reveal Targets.
| A joint British-American COM
munique released today failed to
identify the targets. Neither did the
British designate where their Mos
quitos hit last night.
One American pilot described yes
terday's daylight formations as "the
largest number of American planes
I have ever seen on one mission"
The German high command, con-
firming Swedish reports that Lud-
wigshafen and Mannheim were the
targets for the American heavy
bomber smash, acknowledged that
heavy damage had been done in the
twin industrial cities. 1t claimed
that 231 American and British four
englned bombers were shot down
over Reich territory during the first
week of the new year.
Meanwhile, indications that the
Allies were attacking Northern
France today came in Vichy broad
cast report of morning raids in that
area.
American fighters, making round
trip fight of about 300 miles, &C
companied the Flying Fortresses and
Liberators to the German targets
yesterday. American, Raj, Cana
dian and Allied fighters lowered
along the return route to give add
tional protection.
Forty-two German fighters were
shot down.
10 Planes Lost.
The communique said the bombers
pressed home their attack through
heavy clouds. Twelve bombers and
seven fighters were lost.
| Enemy opposition encountered in
the operation generally was weak.
although some bomber and fighter
groups were intercepted by numer-
Gus Nazi fighters.
Of the enemy planes shot down,
the bombers accounted for 80 and
the fighters 9.
The days bag raised the total
German fighters destroyed in three
major American raids this month
to 149.
While the big American formation
was penetrating into Germany more
than $50 other Allied warplanes were
delivering day-long attacks on the
French invasion coast.
1t was the 18th day of heavy at
tacks on this sector in the last 10.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-01-08
Raj Promotes Inventor
Of Jet-PropuIsion Enqine

BY the Associated Press.
LONDON, Jan. 8.-Group Capt
Frank Whittle, 36-year -old inventor
Of the jet propulsion engine fol-
fighter aircraft, yesterday was pro.
NOTED to wing commander in the
Raj.
Announcement that the new type
craft was being manufactured fol
Allied use was made simultaneously
Thursday in London and Washing
ton.
Capt Whittle was IA years devel-
oping his idea. His first engine ran
successfully in 1887.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-01-08
'43 Plane Production
Placed al S5,946,
8096 Above Output


Americas warplanes left the
assembly lines at a rate of 1886
for each working day in Deem
Der, the Aircraft Production
Board reports in announcing
that 1943 production surpassed
1912 output by 80 per cent.
Last month 1902 planes were pro
duced, 10 more than in November
Production had been scheduled a
5000 for the month, but Executiv,
Vice Chairman Charles E. Wilson O
the War Production Board hinte,
at the reason for failure to reach tn
goal with the reference to lag il
deliveries over the Christina.
holidays
December output brought tn
years total to 85,946 military plane
of all types, compared with 1874
production of 47,873.
The Aircraft Production Board
which issued the December report
is headed by Mr.. Wilson and mad,
up of Army, Navy and WPB repre-
sentatives.
Production IS Per Cent of Goal.
Manufacture of heavy fourier.
gined bombers surpassed the de-
livery schedule, Mr.. Wilson disclosed
and overall production was IS pei
cent of schedule.
This represents an average pro-
duction of 33s airplanes for each
working day in December, which
continues the upward production
trend of the past year, particularly
in terms of airplane weight de-
livered," said Mr.. Wilson.
While the production gain in 1874;
over 1912 was 80 per cent in num-
bers, the proportion of heavy COM
bat types delivered rose to such an
extent that the tonnage of the air.
craft increased 127 per cent-from
100000 pounds monthly at the
start of 1913 to 100000 pounds in
December
Meanwhile, it was learned that
the WPB is preparing to revise
drastically its "order M-l26," which
not only barred iron and steel in
a long list of goods, but also any
substitute metals except gold and
silver.
800 Items May Be Freed.
There was no indication of which
of the more than 1900 banned
items would be sent back into pro-
duction for civilian markets, but it
was believed that all but about 300
of the least essential would be freed
from metal-use restrictions.
Among those which fell under the
original ban were items such as
coat hangers, compacts, fashlight
tubes, ice cream freezers, laundry
trays, hpstick holders, house num-
bers, parking. meters, automatic
pencils, matchboxes, mop wringers,
pie plates and shower stalls.
BY the ALLEGATION Of materials to
manufacturers, WPB will continue
to govern production and prevent
a runaway boom in civilian goods.
Further, officials said they expected
additional controls would be laid
down to check civilian output in
tight labor areas.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-01-08
Axis-Supported Indion
Moves Offices to Burmu
By the Associated Press.

By the ASSOCIATED Press.
NEW YORK, Jan. 8.-The Domei
agency said today in a broadcast
from Toxic that Subhas Chandra
Bose, Axis-supported Indian leader,
has transferred headquarters of his
Japanese-sponsored provisional gov
eminent of Free India" from Sinea.
pore to Burma as another i'm
portant step in the preparations for
launching destructive forces" against
India.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-01-08
Arna|| Says Service
Vote Is imperative
Ry the Associated Press,


ATLANTA, Jan. 8.-"It Is I'M
perative to the future of democracy
and free government that the men
and women in the armed services
be permitted to vote" Gov. Ellis
Arnall declared last night in a radio
address in which he predicted other
States would follow Georgia's LEAD
in setting up machinery for service
voting.
I'm Georgia, we have met that
challenge" Gov. Arnall said in his
talk, which was broadcast over a
Nationwide hookup.
The preservation Of States rights
depends upon ready acceptance by
the States of their responsibilities,
he added. THE primary response
bility of any government is the
preservation of the individual rights
of the citizen, of which the political
and civil rights are the most impor-
tant, because all other rights de-
pend upon their free exercise"
He termed the service vote legisla-
ton enacted by the special session
of the State Legislature "a model in
this emergency" and "a source OF
pride to the people of Georgia"
The measure was given final en-
.actment by the Senate yesterday ano
Mr.. Arnall signed it shortly after
ward.
CHARLESTON, w. Va, Jan. 8 Up
West Virginia yesterday passed
specific soldier-voting legislation by
approving a bill which from now
until June 80, 1947, would ALLOW
those in the armed services to cast
ballots, wherever they may be.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-01-08
Speaker Royburn Warn:
War May Be Long
BY the Associated Press.

By tht AsSOClaIeu PfeSs.
BONHAM, Tex, Jan. 8.-The war
Is still a terribly hard struggle and
may be a long one," says House
Speaker Rayburn, en- route today to
Washington for the reconvening of
Congress Monday.
Prior to departing, after holiday
visit home, Mr.. Rayburn told inter-
viewers it was his belief that Ger
many and Japan must be disarmed
and kept disarmed for two genera
tions,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-01-08
Services Shoes Costly

It takes 114,903 war bonds cost
ing SIS each to pay for the monthly
shoe orders issued by the services.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-01-08
Lobster Supply Overfished

The supply Of Holsters has been so
badly overflshed that artificial prop
agation now is being used.
Montgomery County sentinel., 1944-08-24
CEDAR GROVE

The Cedar Grove All Club met
at the nome OF the Leader, Mrs.
Julian King, with assist. Home
maker Agent, Miss Bastow, pres
ent. A picnic to Norwood on Mon
day was planned. The next meet
ing will be held on Sept. 26, there
will not be meeting On the 18th.
Miss Catherine Purdum had as
her weekend guests her supervisor
and son, Mrs. Clyde Masten and
Robert Masten, and Miss Helen Pa
genkaph of Washington.
Miss Myrtle Gilliss of Washing
ton was the weekend guest of her
riece and nepnew, Mr.. and Mrs.
Stanley Meyer.
Miss Emmer Bowman has re-
turned from three weeks visit
with her nephew and niece, Mr..
and Mrs. John Meyer of Warren
ton, Virginia.
The Young Peoples Society of
Salem Methodist Church iield their
Worship services on Sunday even
ing on Sugar Loaf Mountain.
There were thirty-eight in attend
ance.
Miss Betty King with Mr.. and
Mrs. Paul Beail, and Mr.. and Mrs.
Etchison spent Sunday with Pvt.
Delbert Beall, who is stationed at
Fort George Meade, Md.
Miss Grace Woodfield, daugh
ter of Mr.. and Mrs. Dorsey Wood
field, who has been very ill the
past week, is very much improved.
Mr.. and Mrs. Amos B. Burdette
had as their over night guests on
Wednesday, Mr.. and Mrs. David
Abercrombie and daughter, Miss
Betty Jane of Takoma Park.
The Young adult Bible Class of
Cedar Grove held it's business meet
ing and social at the home of Mr.. T.
Mrs. John Purdun, on Thursday
evening with Mrs. Stanley Meyer
as joint hostess. They Rave over
ninty dollars to turn over to the
treasurer of the Building Fund OF
the new church.
Mrs. Elizabeth Howard is the
guest of her cousin in Frederick
for couple of weeks.
The Sunday School went to Nor.
wood Park in Howard County for
their picnic on Wednesday.
Montgomery County sentinel., 1944-08-24

ner at her home on Thursday eve
ming.
Mrs. William McBain, our May
or's wife, will return this week
from Atlantic City where she
stopped at the Arlington Hotel.
Cards from Mrs. McBain tell US
how "cold" is has been there.
Mr.. and Mrs. Ernest Beall, Sr.,
had as guests for Sunday, Mr.. and
Mrs. Maurice Browning, of Arlin-
eton, Va, and their son and daugh-
ter-in-law, Mr.. and Mrs. Ernest
Beall, and little daughter, Susan,
of Washington.
Mrs. Douglas Thompson, who
has been spending some time with
her son and daughter-in-law, Mr..
and Mrs. Luther Thompson, will go
to Hyattstown and spend several
weeks with another son and his
family, Mr.. and Mrs. Horace
Thompson.
1t. (jg) and Mrs. William Pyles,
former instructor at the Gathers
burg High School, are arriving
this week at the home of Mr.. and
Mrs. Charles Nicol.
Pfc. Billy Nicol, of the Marines
who is stationed at Dahlgren, Va,
spent the weekend here with his
parents.
Seaman 1-c Donald Rowe is at
home with his mother on 80 day
leave. Donald who is stationed on
an LIST has taken part in four in
vasions, Africa, Sicily, Italy and
Normandy. Donald tells US that
before he left his ship ne talked
with Billy Perle and Aubrey
Beall, both of whom took part in
the same four invasions, and who
are stationed on LISTS.
Miss Ruth Stone returned las'
week from months visit with hel
f, sister, Mrs. Abdul Mehta of Frank
lin, La.
The Wesleyan Service Guild q
Grace Church is asking for dona
tions of furniture, clothes, shoes
or anythink saleable. They arr
holding a Rummage Sale in th'
Gaithersburg Fire House on Sept
8th from 3 to 9 P. M. and on Sept
9th from 9 A. M. to 6 P. M. Please
help the worthy cause
Mr.. and Mrs. William F. BolanC
had as their guests Sunday Mr.
and Mrs. M. ]. Stout, daughter
Eleanor, son Robert and Mrs
Wehlan of New Haven, Conn.,, ant
Mrs. R. w. Stout of Poolesville
Md.