davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Skyland post. [volume] (West Jefferson, N.C.) 193?-1988, 1944-03-23
Well, l always say a calf is Just
one thing after an udder.

Speaking of udders, there seems to
bemore mastitis (garget, mammitis)
about than ever before. So don't be
too sure that some of your cows
aren't infected. The safe thing to do
is to check right now with thybromol
or a strip cup. If your veterinarian is
equipped to run Whiteside or Hotis
test, so much the better. Both Miss
ouri and Wisconsin have booklets on
this subject. Write for Circular 1856,
Agricultural Extension Service,
University of Missouri, Columbia,
Missouri. Write the Extension Ser
vice of the College of Agriculture,
University of Wisconsin, Madison,
Wisconsin for their Special Circular
on preventing mastitis.
The Skyland post. [volume] (West Jefferson, N.C.) 193?-1988, 1944-03-23

uation program since Pearl Har-
Dor under the university's speed
up program, President Graham
said 'the present three great and
decisive fronts of the war are,
first, the Russian Army; second,
the American and British sea and
air power; and third, the Ameri-
can agricultural and industrial
production.
The Skyland post. [volume] (West Jefferson, N.C.) 193?-1988, 1944-03-23

If you haven't got storage space for
all the silage you'd like to plan on
having this summer, you'll be inter-
ested ina circular from the Extension
Service of Mississippi State College.
This circular points out that you can
add to your permanent upright silage
space with trench, pit, box or wire
fence paper-lined silos. The size of
the temporary silos can be adjusted
according to the number of cattle
you have and the amount of silage
you want to store.
The circular also gives specific
instructions for the building of box
silos where soil conditions or topog-
raphy will not permit the use of
trench silos. Write for Extension Cir
cular 122, Mississippi State College,
State College, Mississippi
The Skyland post. [volume] (West Jefferson, N.C.) 193?-1988, 1944-03-23

vice chairman.
Among other candidates NOM
mated were:
For lieutenant governor, Georges
C. Green of Marshall; for secre-
tary of state, Watt Gragg of.
Boone.
A large group from Ashe coun>-
ty attended.
The Skyland post. [volume] (West Jefferson, N.C.) 193?-1988, 1944-03-23

A new sorgo cane from Ethiopia
may have possibilities for sugar
production, say USDA officials.
It will be tested in the Southern.
States and in the Canal Zone.
The Skyland post. [volume] (West Jefferson, N.C.) 193?-1988, 1944-03-23

100000. However, no change
would be made in the amounts
held out of pay envelopes and
salary checks until next January.
The Skyland post. [volume] (West Jefferson, N.C.) 193?-1988, 1944-03-23

Now that we've talked about
your calf's mother, let's talk
about his fodder.
The Skyland post. [volume] (West Jefferson, N.C.) 193?-1988, 1944-03-23

When you look at the 1914 milk
production goal of 1929 over
1913, it looks pretty difficult.
Imperial Valley press., 1944-09-21
Al sz4l1Aa,
az. 1s I 1 '.;s
!.

SHOES
Ration book 3, airplane stamps
1 and 2, good Indefinitely for one
pair rationed shoes each.
CANNED GOODS
Book 4-Blue AS to Z8 inclusive
and AS, B5, C5, D5, E5, F5, G5,
HIS, is, KS, L5 leach god for 10
points valid Indefinitely.
MEAT, BUTTER. CHEESE
BOOK 4---Ped stamps A8 TO rs, AS,
B5, C5, DIS, E5, F5, G5, inclusive
(each good for 10 points, valid
Indefinitely.
tGreaSe Bonus - Butchers will
give 2 red tokens and cents for
every pourd of salvaged kitchen
fats receivGdD
SUGAR
Stamps No. 30, 81, 80 and 33 in
Book No. 4 each valid for five
pounds, expiration date not set.
Stamp No. 40, five pounds sugar
for canning, valid thrcuh Feb. %,
1915.
Send spare stamp No. 81 with
application Tor additional canning
sugar certificate to your local va
tioning board.
GASOLINE
"a" coUnOn % good through Sep.
81.
Imperial Valley press., 1944-09-21
'ss's1.' senso. OF Interest to Women
Marjorie IIovey Kinder
Churches
Schools
Donna King Has
Party Marking
First Birthday

Little Donna King celebrated her
first birthday with a party Wcdnes-
day afternoon at the hCme Of her
parents, Mr.. and Mrs. Jack King
1t was also her fathers birthday,
so the two marked the day to-
gether.
Pictures were taken Of Donnas
young guests, after which they
played games and enjoyed refresh
ments. Because of the small size of
her guests, 1-onna sent her birth
day cake to a friend. Sergeant Hugh
Ritter, who is a paratrooper in New
Guinea.
Assisting Mrs. King were Mes
danes Lloyd Dunlap, j. C. McCurry
and Jane Weaver.
Those present were Corky Ogle,
Michael Harper, John CASTOR,
Charles Reeder, Donna Lee Birch
field, Irene and Margaret Ansaldo,
Eddie Kilgore, Ri hard Davis,
Frankie Ajello, Donna Trump and
Jackie King. Mothers present were
Mesdames Roy Ogle, Raymond
Reeder, jersey Birchfield, Walter
AnSaldo, Cooper Kilgore, Richard
Davis, Frank Ajello and Gerald
Trump.
Imperial Valley press., 1944-09-21
Circle Eyes With Cream
To Prevent Lauqhter Lines
BY ALICIA HART
NEA Staff Writer

To prevent charming crinkles-if
you laugh with your eyes-from be-
coming not-So-charming wrinkles,
you'd better start coddling the skin
area around those tWinkling orbs.
Best care, according to a girl who
practices Wha she breaches
laughter-loving Anna Karen of ra-
dies Dangerously Yours" program
is to wear shining goggles of eye
cream when you sink into your pill
low at night.
If you'll use congresses of cot
ton, Wrung out in hot water, over
your eyes before you put on your
goggles, says Anna, Skin will be
more receptive to the cream"
Ycu can give your tired eyes a
treat while skin around them is be-
ing warmed up for an application
OF night cream, according to Anna,
II you'll dip your cotton pads not
IN plain water but in a warm boric
acid solution. To make it, add ia
blespoonful Cf powdered boric acid
to pint of warm water.
Imperial Valley press., 1944-09-21
Consumer Goods
Move Faster

Consumer goods that have been
scarce since the start Of the war
Wil be mere plentiful this year,
according TO AL Missildine, manager
of Sears. Roebuck in FL Centre. Mr.
Missildine was speaking in cOnnec-
tiOn with the eighth anniversary of
The local store and the 58th ami
versary of the company throughout
the nation.
TEE so-called Victory goods
that made their appearance in the
early part Of the war are fast dis
Appearing Mr.. Miesildine said.
and manufacturers have improved
the quality Of their products even
though they are still using substi-
tute materials in some cases"
MATERIALS RELEASED
In many cases, the improved
quality of goods is due to the re-
lease Of metal for reinforcements
for many articles. such as furniture
and mattress springs, he said
a very important lesson that has
been learned during the war is that
synthetic rubber and plastics are
often superior to the material they
replaced" Mr. Missildine stated.
"For example plastic parts coming
in contact with grease and oil wear
much better than metal ones. Syn
thetic rubber will continue to be
| used where it has been found ad-
/ Vantageos, too"
Referring to specific items that
| have been on the hard to-get list,
/ Mr.. Missildine said farm imple-
| mcnts will now be available where
| they are needed. Previously even
| those in desperate need of new
| equipment and parts could not get
them. He said the government has
| now realized certain things are es-
| eential in farm areas. However, he
| stated. large motorized equipment
would still be hard to obtain, but
| ONE will be sold on priority ratings
/ HOME UP-KEEP
! Items essential to home up-keep
will be readily available, Mr. Mis-
sildine said, especially plumbing and
| heating fixtures. Both gas and oil
/ heaters are on the market and
/ stoves can be sold provided the
/ buyer has an OPA certificate. How
Imperial Valley press., 1944-09-21

Margaret Ann Henderson will sing
the traditional wedding songs, ac-
COmpanied by Virginia Reed.
Miss Mildred Morgan will be the
bridesmaid, and the future brides
brother, Kenneth BoWles, will give
her away.
The wedding has been planned
tentatively for many months but
sgt Britain was unable to get leave
from his tank battalion at TT. Knox,
Kentucky. The couple met when
he was stationed with the cavalry
here before the war.
The bride-to-be is well known in
Ell Centro, having attended high
school and Central Junior college
here. She is a member of the Red
Cross Motor Corps and is now
employed at the Imperial Irriga-
ton District.
Sgt. Britain attended schools in
San Bernardino before enliSting in
the army. His mother and his sis
ter, Mrs. Ralph Croft, were expected
to arrive from F'ontana Thursday
night to be present for The we'd
ding.
Imperial Valley press., 1944-09-21
Job S Daughters
Wait Tea Sunday

Line officers Of Jobs Daughters
will be co-hostesses with Mrs. Nal
colin Macurda, guardian, at Il tea
for prospective members at The Ma
curda home, 5l4 Len Rey, Sunday
afternoon from 4 until 6.
Informal music and refreshments
will be enjoyed during the afternoon
and girls who are eligible to Join
the group are especially invited by
Mrs. Macurda and the officers.
Members will also be present.
Imperial Valley press., 1944-09-21
Po4'luck Dinner
Meeting Planned
By Eastern Star

Fall activities will begin Friday
night for Signal Chapter No. 276,
O.E.S., with the first meeting Of
the season at 8 o'clock at the Mas
onic Temple.
Preceding the meeting a pot-luck
dinner will be held at 6:30. Mrs.
r. c. Hudson has extended a special
invitation to visiting members to
attend both the dinner and the
meeting.
Imperial Valley press., 1944-09-21
HEARTENING AID

Those See what nice people we
are" advertisements are enough to
get anybody down who ever had
the audacity to give up a good job
for the army, or who can't see that
it's any Of a landlords business
whether tenant smokes or
drinks, or who thinks renters have
as much right as home owners to
have children.
If that is the case, the adver-
tisement is heartening Now if we
could just come across one Worded
something like this, our faith in
landlords mig h t be restored:
Apartment to rent. win be let to
family contributing most to war ef-
fort. In case of tie between two or
more would-be renters, considera-
ton will be given to familys need
of apartment, with children weigh
ing heavily in petitioners favor"
If you ever happen to see an
expressing tn c s c
sentiments. please let mt know.
Imperial Valley press., 1944-09-21
Starr Won Fluss
Gives Luncheon
For Service Wives S

Several members OF the serVice-
mems wives club of the USO met
Wednesday noon and enjoyed a
luncheon Wednesday at the home of
Mrs. Starr Won F4uss.
The table was attractively deco
rated with roses from the hostess
garden and a color scheme of pink,
blue and orchid was carried out.
After lunch the guests rehearsed
Mrs. Won Fluss' new song, Empty
Arms"
Those present were Mesdames w.
B. b. Brasher, A. w. Speck, j. d.
Harrison Jr., and Miss Mary Frances
Reese and the hostess Robert jerks
Walters was unable to attend.
Imperial Valley press., 1944-09-21
BAPTIST BROTHERHOOD
ANNOUNCES MEETING

The Baptist Brotherhood an
nounces first fall meeting Friday
evening with a pot-luek dinner at
7:15. A program will follow featur-
ing a mems chorus and a talk by
Vladimir Aronivici. He will discuss
soil and its attributes as they az
feet Imperial Valley. Slides will be
used to Illustrate the talk.
Imperial Valley press., 1944-09-21
CALENDAR

IATS, 1880. Labor temple.
Gypsum Workers, 1880, Labor tenn
pie.
B.P.O.E., No. 1925, s, ElkS Club
Jr. T0astmasters, $50, California
hotel.
PotIuck dinner, $50, Methodist
social hall.
FRIDAY
Kiwanis, %, Barbara Worth hotel.
Painters. 7:30, Labor temple.
Signal chapter No. 27G, OE.S., g,
Masonic temple.
Imperial Valley press., 1944-09-21
UNIVERSITY WOMEN PLAN
LUNCHEON MEET SATURDAY

Reservations for the luncheon at
the Barbara Worth hotel, Saturday
at 1890, may be made until Friday
morning, Mrs. Freeman Witt has
announced. This will be the first
meeting of the fall and The years
program will be planned.
Imperial Valley press., 1944-09-21

We're interested i'm what you're
doing. And so are a lot of our
readers. So phase call 300 morn
ings and tell us about weddings,
showers, parties, vacations,
where you spent the week -snd,
or who you had over to dinner
the other night.
MARJORIE ii. KINDER.
Imperial Valley press., 1944-09-21
Edited BY Marjorie Hovey Kinder
WE
the Women
BY RUTH MILLETT


A Chicago paper recently carried
the advertisement of a man who
wanted to share his suburban hCme
with a couple. Requirements were
that the couple must smoke, drink
and dance
Maybe the man just had enough
literary ambition to want to write
a different kind of for rent adver-
tisement. Or maybe he was fed up
with the SNUG, Self-satisfied sound
ing petitions of many of the people
looking fer rooms, houses or apart
ments today.
You know The type.I mean. Per
manent civilian couple, employed
and with best Of references desires
apartment or house. No children.
No drinking or smoking"
Imperial Valley press., 1944-09-21
Marjorie BowIes to Marry
Staff Sgt. Britain Friday

An will be
Josephine Frank BoWes
The will take place
with the Rev Hayden officiating
Imperial Valley press., 1944-09-21

Kansas led the nation in flour
milling during June, when 70 mills
ground 6437000 bushels of wheat
into 2,762,0CD sacks of flour.
Imperial Valley press., 1944-09-21
kEtspE
'"fS1 AND SOUR roharors

! I large large tomatoes
''sS lIa:ss vIaesasS garlic 153i lcssn 9cssn
49,. tbsp. SALAD saltt poajfi;1ey oji
side sis .S%atGes doxn o. in half and ~.
cut ns side eaa them t OF hot Fat 'G1 in
until tender. Lower heat and naa'3lai"tag let IN
Imperial Valley press., 1944-09-21

ever, there is no new electric equip
ment on the market as none has
been made for two years.
Il do not expect clothes ration
ing" Mr.. Missildine said, If the
public uses good judgment in buying
and Buys only Wnat it needs. Ger
tain items will be scarce, though
such as underwear. Shoes will con-
tinue to be rationed for some time,
but play shoes and other non
rationed types have improved in
quality. Rubber boots will be avail
able for farmers who need them"
TIRE SITUATION BETTER
He believes the tire situation is
definitely improving and there will
be a larger number of Grade | and
? tires for passenger cars. Batteries
will be little harder to obtain than
in the last few months, he said, be-
cause Of materials.
Housewives will be interested to
know that 100 per cent wool blan-
ketS are available in quantities,
since the government did not re-
quire as much wool as it thought
it would need two or three years
ago. Sheets and pillow cases will
continue to go to the army because
army medical authorities insist or
clean and sanitary hospital beds.
This is a most optimistic time,
Mr. Missildine concluded, "and oul
store, along with others through
out the country, is looking forward
to years of good business after the
war. The nation now has the re.
sources to meet the problems tina
have arisen"
Imperial Valley press., 1944-09-21

the rough spots S with
color1esS nail pol
i sh. Dom forget to
use fine Sandpaper
a irSt to take Off the
@cughest spots.
Imperial Valley press., 1944-09-21
pTAcE INVESTMENT

BUY WAX pe.u' no,,ota".
your full 'aq1e Il e / p
elinch it by s,,a 9Os yore' ore
war Bonds ,i5 anu Tue be
War Bonds. You, ~ a. q ~ ~
re p aid i I'M n II q Buy
prof liable ways DN'
more-n0M
Imperial Valley press., 1944-09-21
PENNEY'S
SHOPPING TIPS
FALL SLACK SUITS

Soft rayons, floral -nA
prints on pastel and ~ ~
white back grounds. ~
Ideal for fall and ~
winter. Sizes IL to 20. Sizes AZ
to IS, 349.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-06-04
HOLD MOCK ELECTIONS

That young men and women Of
Is are qualified TO vote is EVIL
denced in the fact that they are
thoroughly schooled in civil gov
eminent and take part in mock
elections in the schools.
Political observers agree that
the number of spoiled ballots
cast in regular elections has
diminished signally since civil gov
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-06-04
BACKED BY COMMITTEE

The drive was endorsed by the
Wayne County CLIO political ac-
ton committee last week and all
CIO locals in Detroit and Pontiac
have been enlisted in the cam
paign.
Tracy Doll. director of the po-
htical action committee, has ap-
pointed chieftains in each of the
six congressional districts in De-
troit
The campaign TO reduce the
voting age was inaugurated pri-
marily TO give men and women of
Is serving with the armed forces
an opportunity to vote.
Georgia has already reduced the
voting age and similar action is
being contemplated by several
other states
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-06-04

Graduate
AtNdrygrove
Hall OF Class Accept
Permanent Positions

OF the il9 seniors AT Marygrove
who will receive degrees Al the
saith annual commencement ex-
ercises Wednesday at 2:30 p. m.
in Liberal Arts Auditorium. nearly
one-half already have accepted
permanent positions.
The Most Rev. Edward Mooney
d. D.. archbishop OF Detroit, will
confer the degrees and the Very
Rev. Msgr. Howard J. Carroll
ST. s. T. D.. assistant general
secretary Of the National Catholic
Welfare Conference. Washington
.. C.. will give the commence
ment address
The baccalaureate sermon will
be given by the Very Rev. MSgr
Allen J. Babcock, s. T. L.. pastor
of Blessed Sacrament Cathedral,
and FIR. James " Embser { S p
Marygrove chaplain, will confer
hoods on the seniors today Al $50
a. m. in Sacred Heart Chapel.
- fIEhting Bth 4. ou,ing -
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-06-04
3Detroifers
In Judge Race
Friedman Petitions,
Not on File Yet

LANSING, June 3-With Eues-
day the deadline for filing nomi.
mating petitions. three DetrofterS
Saturday were in the race for the
Wayne County circuit judgeship
now held by William Friedman. q
Judge Friedman and five other
judgeships in the state-all the
result of vacancies and filled tenn
porarily by gubernatorial appoint.
ment-are at stake in'y the
November election. Df
Friedman has not yet fled Pc
titions. but other Wayne County
aspirants are Common Pleas
Judges Frank B. Ferguson. brother
of u. S. Senator Ferguson; LaEus
gene Sharp and Otis u. Waiker.
former Wayne County auditor.
Judicial circuits involved : and
incumbent and opponents have
filed petitions with the secretary
of state are; 81
Tenth Circuit Saginaw County,
Judge Robert T. Holland, Sagi.
nav, and William E. Crane, Ssgi.
nav.
Sixteenth Circuit .(Macomb
County, LBudge Alton II. Noe,
Mt. Clemens; Ray II. Callens.- Mt.
Clemens; State Rep. Howard r.
Carroll. Van Dyke.
Seventeenth Circuit lKent
County, - Judge Dale So6ter,
Grand Rapids.
Eighteenth Circuit tBay City,
Judge Carl r. Smith. Bay City:
Bernard 5. Frasik, Dudley j.
Kavanagh and Karl K. Lebrand.
all of Bay City.
Thirty-third Circuit (Cheboygan,
Emmett and Mackinac counties -.
Ward /. Waller. Cheboygan.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-06-04
2 Michigan Soldiers
Await Fall of Rome
BY REYNOLDS PACKARD
tinted Pres. star Correspondent

clared that the sooner they reach
Rome the better because the fall
of that city means the European
war is nearing its termination.
Pvt. John BednarZ. former
metalworker who lives ~ 1888
Burnside. declared
THE sooner we get there the
better. II means the war will
he coming to an end. One thing
want to see In Rome Is Ameri-
can troops"
Pvt. John Krupa of LudIngton
is particularly anxious TO see the
Pope's chambers.
81 am anxious TO get In Rome
he said. because the war will
end lot sooner after that.
There will he lots of interesting
things TO see II they aren't
blown to hell. I'd like to see
the Pope's private apartments,
especially where he sleeps"
The comment. of The Michigan
men were typical among those
from scores of other weary SOL
diers who agreed that the Situa-
ton is going we'll now but know
ing there is considerable tough
fighting ahead.
They all agreed on one thing
thai when fhey get TO Rome they
want TO land in nice. white bed
with a soft mattress so they can
sleep for DAYS.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-06-04
Wife Denies
MurphyBribe
Knew All Husbands
Business. She States

Former 1t. Gov. Frank Murphy,
AZ, who was indicted Saturday by
the Lansing graft probing jury on
a bribery count, last week moved
into a beautiful 2l-room red brick
house at 1040 Iroquois. which he
purchased six months ago, it was
disclosed Saturday.
The home Is located in the In
dian Village residential section.
Reporters VINO went TO inform
the ex-politician of his indictment
were greeted by Mrs. Murphy, who
said that her husband was visiting
doctor in regard to heart all
ment which has been botheHng
him for seven weeks.
This big house certainly
looks bad" she said. But peO-
pie forget that I have an In
come too from an estate. Mr..
Murphy never took cent from
any one
KNEW HIS AFFAIRS
81 knew everything about my
husbands affairs while he was
lieutenant governor and ! can't
believe that he would ever be
gHiIty OF bride taking" Mrs.
Murphy concluded
Her husband. she said. has been
in the electrical parts business
and has a contract with the Will
low Run Bomber plant. Two oil
his business partners were killed
several weeks ago in the crash Of
small air plane near Lansing.
The house in which Murphy
lives is located on a huge lot anc
is surrounded by low brick wall
In the backyard are spacious
servants quarters.
Murphy himself rode 10 public
office on the strength of an hon
ored and respected name.
SOON IN HOT WATER
He is no relation TO the former
governor, Associate Justice Frank
Murphy of the u. S. Supreme
Court. His right name is Francis
Murphy. But using the name
Frank Murphy on the ballot, he
twice was nominated for lieuten-
ant governor and once elected
A slender. handsome politician
with polished manners, the former
lieutenant governor entered poll
tics as a candidate for a minor
job-any john the county build
ing during the depression.
After winning the nomination
for the states second highest job
in 1910. he was soon swimming in
hot water
The Republican majority in the
Continued on Page Eighty
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-06-04

CONTINUED on Page Eight)
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-06-04
Union Guardian Firm
Claims ST 100000

The New Union Building Co.
owners Of the Union Guardian
Building. started action Saturday
seeking 81 100000 from the fed.
eral government which they claim
will he necessary 10 restore the
building 10 the condition in which
II was before the government took
n over Aug. ~. 1912
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-06-04
Bonus, Raises 0.Kd
For Midland Firm

Tho NLRB Saturday approved
an overtime bonus plan and wage
rates in % claSsifications for en-
ployes OF the c. G. ONatt Corp.
Midland. The workers are repre-
sented ny the United Dairy and
Bakery Workers. Go
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-06-04

WITH FRONT LINE AMERI-
CAN TROOPS ON APPIAN WAY,
Italy, June OUP) As they
Slogged along the historic and now
bloody Appian Way, Saturday, two
men. both Catholics. de-
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-06-04
Speeds Campaign
To Lower Voting Age

Frank X Marte president of the Detroit and Wayne
County Federation of Labor endorsed the Michigan
pagn reduce the voting Is Saturday and requested
secretaries of 200 ALL locals to participate actively in the
drive.
letter sent to the 200 union leaders by Marte read
in part
Interest in the teen age campaign has reached such
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-06-04

proportions as to merit con-
sideratiOn on the ballots in
November, at which time the
voters may decide the issue.
I am therefore asking you to
circulate the enclosed petit
tons TO that end"
Martel. who at first opposed the
campaign, said that he had altered
his opinion after making close
study of the proposal.
CIyICS TAUGHT
II am convinced" Martel said.
"that, inasmuch As civics and
political science are taught In
our high schools and students
evidence considerable interest In
these subjects, a continuity of
that interest would be effected
by lowering the voting age"
Martel said that he had not
only studied the subject at great
length but had also conferred with
several persons. including school
teachers.
The Go is also participating in
the drive and is making city
wide campaign TO raise 12o. 00C
signatures for the teen age vote
petitions in the various locals.