davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1944-05-12

from their originating points in Germany
and in the French and Belgian indus
trial regions to the distributing points
where they can be picked up by motor
transport or branch line railways for
delivery to troops or military depots.
So considered. there are three areas
which are of vital importance:
Cd A circle of 30 miles around Paris.
which is the hub of the French rail-
way system and from which the ma ior
rail lines of France radiate like the
spokes of a wheel
serving the industrial region of Northern
France and connecting with Germany
via Strasbourg
Maubeuge-Aachen, serving the indus
trial region of Belgium, and connecting
with Germany via Cologne
These areas, and the railways which
connect them, form the heart of the
German supply system along the So
called invasion coast"
From the troop movement point of
view, the great German problem is the
shifting of their reserves laterally be-
hind the coast line, once they have
determined where the main Allied blow
is going to fall. For this purpose, their
main artery is the trunk-line -four
track for most of its length) Cologne
Aachen Liege Torgnier- Paris with its
westward extension Paris-Le Mans
Rennes. In front of this, for the move
ment of local reserves, the line Ant
werp-Lille- e-AmiensRouen is OF great
strategic value.
To put these key points out of action
would require enormous numbers of
aircraft and of continuous bombing
But this effort need take place only
for the really crucial period, as deter
mined by Allied plans.
tcopvrisht. 1914, New York Tribune lne)
Evening star., 1944-05-12
These Are the issues
From the London Daily Herald.

Ministers have several times urged
industries to come forward with their
plans" for postwar development One
of them, the cotton industry, has just
done so. The future of our major in
dustries however, depends on factors
beyond the control of the industries
themselves. 1t depends. above all. on
whether the governments cooperate to
produce a worldwide expansion Of
trade, or permit commerce to relapse
once more into a disorderly scramble.
1t depends on whether effective meas
ures are to be taken to prevent exploita-
ton: on the degree to which the great
monopolies are to be controlled in the
interest of the common man; on the
extent to which the governments are
prepared to combine in assisting the
backward areas of the earth and thus
increasing the purchasing power OF their
inhabitants. These are the kind of is
sues that have to be settled before the
aims of the Atlantic Charter can be
realized, and the pace at which they are
being examined Is dangerously slow.
Evening star., 1944-05-12

The crossing of the yellow River by
the Japanese in the offensive they
started two weeks ago to knock China
out OF the war is causing more than
usual concern in military and political
quarters here. The prospect Of China
being knocked out of the war is being
seriously discussed.
An unofficial but important Chungking
dignitary is now in the United States.
He is said to have spoken earnestly to
hagh-ranking American officials about
the grave danger of Generalissmo
Chang Kai-shek being forced to quit
before the end of the summer
The situation in unoccupied China Is
far more serious than it appears in the
censored dispatches from Chungking
Food and other essentials are lacking
The few available items can be OBJ
tanned only by those who have great
wealth. Money. even gold. has lost its
purchasing value. The Chinese, hard
ened for many years to privations, are
worse off than ever, according to
Chiang's emissary. The lack of medical
supplies is strongly felt. The few avail
able medicines being sent by transport
planes over the Himalya hump are not
sufficient even for the most pressing
needs OF the army.
Chiangs problem is not so much mill
tary as it is political and economic, al
though the Chinese now admit that the
present Japanese offensive is a real
danger.
Many of the "loyar' army and di-
visional commanders have become
doubtful. They are we'll paid, mostly
in gold; so are their senior officers. but
there is nothing that can be purchased
in the country with gold unless the
japanese agree to allow certain types of
goods, principally luxuries, to reach the
black market in Free China.
In order to increase the dissatisfaction
among Chiang's generals the japanese
appear to have decided to foresake the
large profits they used to make out of
synthetic whisky, cosmetics and other
such items and ordered a complete en-
barge on all these black-market items
In conjunction with their large-scale
military operations there also is a great
deal Of propaganda activity by paid
Japanese agents. The agents are at
tempting to prove to Chiangs followers
that they are fighting for lost cause
Much is being made of the failure of
the Allies Admiral Lord Louis Mount
battens command to reopen the Burma
road. Chinese from occupied China
Evening star., 1944-05-12
On the Record
BY Dorothy Thompson

The Government Is perturbed because
there is still serious shortage of work
ers In war industries and apparently
the only labor reservoir still unex-
hausted is that of unemployed women.
The Government Is making an effort
to publicize the shortage and persuade
women to take up war jobs.
In this connection they have made
a sample poll and discovered that 73
per cent of the women questioned are
aware of the shortage. But Al per cent
declared they were needed at home; 26
per cent said they were physically un-
equal to the work; per cent claimed
inadequate training; per cent said
their husbands were opposed; 10 per
cent said they did not believe they were
needed.
1t is clear, therefore, that the chief
trouble lies with the Al per cent who
say they cannot leave home and the
SO per cent who believe themselves
physically unable or unneeded
believe In the sincerity of both ar
guments and exhortation will not over
come real difficulties.
Few American homes employ sery-
ants. II they did, more servants could
be released to factories, while house
wives take over their own homes. But
with 35 900 900 homes In America, there
are only a million and half women
normally in domestic service and an
unknown number of these are in homes
that keep two or more servants. In
no other western country does the mid
Gle class woman do as large part
CT her own housework as here. This
is due to the aversion of American
girls to domestic service. the relatively
high wages which servants command
and the better technical equipment of
the home.
But some one has to take care Of
homes, even in wartime, and above
all of homes in which there are chill
dren. Wartime rationing has made
home care much more complicated.
Meals have to be carefully planned and
women can't just open cans-they are
limited on the number.
And millions of mothers are having
to be mothers and fathers at the same
time, with all the disciplinary problems
that involves-for many fathers are in
the armed services and workers have
been shifted without their families.
Single women are, for the most part in
jobs.
Now, considering the shocking state
of juvenile delinquency in America, one
will hesitate twice to ask any women
to leave her family-under prevailing
conditions. For nowhere has this prob
lem been constructively dealt with in a
big and intelligent WaY.
Evening star., 1944-05-12
Letters to The Star
Disasrees With Defense
OF HOLC
To the Editor OF The Star:

To the Editor OF The Star:
1t seems to me that Lowell Mellett
opens himself to justfiable criticism in
his column in The Star of April 20 on
the Home owners Loan Corp.
First, he lays considerable emphasis
on the 'ingrstitude" manifested in the
proposed bills to require the HOLC to
offer for sale the mortgages it still
holds. 1t seems to me that this is
line of reasoning that has been far too
prevalent in, Government circles with
the result that many agencies and in
dividuals are continued in office for
sentimental reasons, when such Offices
had better be abolished or filled nv
persons more competent to perform
their duties.
Granting that the HOLC has ner.
formed valuable service to our ma
ton, we should consider that it was set
up to meet an emergency and operated
with the taxpayers money, yours and
mine, and if it can retire with the
satisfaction of having done a good iob.
that is sufficient reward, just as thou
sands of volunteer workers will retire
after the present emergency.
Now as to Mr.. Mellett's statement that
most people know that the HOLC has
saved 100000 American homes from
foreclosure: That sounds rather fam
tastlc to me, and I doubt II manv
people know it to be q fact. "On the
other hand" I believe that those who
are familiar with the facts will agree
that many of the owners of these
homes were not really in distress, but
simply took advantage of opportunity
to relieve themselves of their RESPONSE
bilities
AS to the HOLC disposing of the
good mortgages and keeping the
bad" I can see nothing unjust or un-
fair about this. Their purpose should
be to liquidate within as short time
as is consistent with sound business.
BY reducing their work, they can re-
duce their cost of operation and at
the same time keep enough staff to
handle the loans which they still re-
tain. This would mean q saving of the
eaAP0yOAo AoAlSJ, youio cliI
Furthermore, this action would help
building and loan associations which
are rendering valuable service to their
communities and are entitled to sup
port, not for sentimental reasons, but
for sound business reasons.
I believe Our experience is typical of
building and loan associations through
out the country in that requests for
loans have decreased due to restric-
tions on home building, while tenders
of money for investment have increased.
We gladly would accept more of this
money, at fair return to the investor,
II we had an outlet for it. Such money
would be available for constructive pur-
poses after the war. AS it is, such money
may be spent now instead of saved.
hope that all these facts will be
given intelligent consideration and that
the Byrd and Dirksen bills will not
continue to gather dust in their re-
spective pigeonholes.
F. H EASTMAN,
President Arlington and Fairfax Build
ing and Loan Association.
Evening star., 1944-05-12
Jobs at Price of Freedom

To the Editor of The Star:
1t is becoming more and more evident
with each passing day that one of the
most vital needs for preserving our form
OF government is some way to prevent
the politicians from getting a free hand
in the Nations pocketbook
In view OF the high regard in which
money is held, permitting the politicians
such privilege not only puts them in
position to perpetuate themselves in
office, but also to circumvent the Con-
stitution.
Some idea of what money can do
may be derived from the fact that the
German people sold their spirits and
bodies to Hitler for good paying jobs.
One OF the Nazarene's chosen apostles
betrayed Him for 40 pieces Of silver.
J. J. spERRY.
Evening star., 1944-05-12
Wants Sick People Isolated

Wants Sick People Isolated
To the Editor of The STAR
This year between go and 10 thou
sand people in the United States will
die of tuberculosis and nearly a quarter
of a million will become permanent in
valids and charges upon the commune
ties in which they live However, much
of this great waste of human life could
be prevented II these people could re-
ceive disqualification and treatment in
the early stages of the disease
After this war we will have the mill
tary camps, the necessary equipment
and supplies as well as the trained per-
sonnet with which to isolate and treat
the victims Of tuberculosis as well as
all others suffering from highly con-
tagious and infectious diseases. If we
could prevent the razing and the de-
struction of our military camps after
this war and use them for the pur-
poses outlined here, we could save per-
haps $4,000 human lives annually, at
q minimum cost to the taxpayer.
The most difficult task confronting
the health authorities, however. would
be the finding of those cases and the
forcing Of the victims to accept isola-
tion and treatment. 1t Is the opinion
OF this writer that since q large per-
centage OF the victims OF our comnuni-
cable diseases are migratory and travel
from one State to another, from one
city to another, spreading disease as
they go, Federal law should be enacted
compelling semiannual physical exami-
nations for all people who travel or
mingle with others, whether it be in
places OF employment or amusement.
These persons should be obliged to sub
nit to ISOLATION and treatment when
they are shown to be infected with any
dangerous communicable disease.
We have been spending SO million
year to eradicate the cattle tick and
more millions for the control of hog
cholera while leaving the victims of the
infectious and contagious diseases of
men largely to the mercy of charity.
1t looks as If the life of cow or a hog
is OF greater value than that of human
being. The studied opinion of this writ
er is that If we can dip" cattle from
Florida to Texas and examine the hog
pens of the whole country, we can give
the human population physical exami-
nations and provide isolation and treat
ment Tor those found to be the victims
OF dangerous diseases Statistics reveal
that 100000 human lives are lost an
nually and approximately $4,000 chill
dren are born blind as the direct result
OF our social diseases. Is this not a
disgrace to a great Nation such as ours?
We should make this a healthy Ma
ton, one worthy of the great sacrifices
our young men and women are making
overseas for us ~
PETER j. CUNNINGHAM.
West Palm Beach, Fla.
Evening star., 1944-05-12
Night on the Sea

Before our protU
The sequined panniers OF the sea
Divide in ripping folds
The 1Uind-caught sails
Grot0 taut dbove us,
Then slacken 1pith the crenk
OF sDinging cordage,
And at the masthead
One small man-ntdde light
Challenges the eternal lamps Of HeaSe1
CORNEIA B. FURBISH.
Evening star., 1944-05-12

Hitler, who made so much of his
capture Of Sevastopol in 1912, is
hard to please. The Russians have
gone to a lot of trouble to give him
the chance to try it again, and he
ungratefully refuses.
Evening star., 1944-05-12

In many an American household
threatened with spring houseclean-
ing, evasion day is at hand for hus-
bands.
Evening star., 1944-05-12

Most housewives are glad to get
points for fat but see no point in
getting fat.
Evening star., 1944-05-12

the opportunity for a restoration OF
normal national life with what ap-
pears to be minimum Of readjust-
ment
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1944-07-20
UNFINISHED BUSINESS

IA CONGRESS HAS acted upon legislation to faci
tate war contract termination so that indus
tries may have funds for reconVersion. Congress
has provided rehabilitation pay and unemploy
lment benefits for demobilized servcemen. Such
legislation was needed and Congress was well adj
IVised in taking action.
But what about the more than thirty millions
tof persons in war production who will be at least
without jobs? And the millions in
IcWan industries who will be disocated in the
return to peacetme conditions?
Congress has recessed without making ade-
IQuate provisions for the workers without whose
faithful services it would have been impossible
to equip our military forces so quickly and to give
them the materials and supplies to wage war
successfully. The workers of the United States
will not forget this legislative neglect
Since January the American Federation of
Labor has been urging a definite postwar pro-
gram including emergency unemployment COM
pensation for workers. We have urged a central
unfying administration for reconVersion to make
every decision count for full employment.
Since the nation bears the responsibility for
this emergency we believe the nation should take
responsibility for a tWO-year period. Existing
state laws are inadequate to protect wage-earners
during the emergency when production facilities
may take eighteen months to reconvert State
laws do not cover all workers; they do not pay
benefits in amounts adequate to maintain the
workers and their families; nor do they compen-
safe for periods long enough to protect workers
against going on relief"
The three millions Of workers employed direct
" by the United States government in war pro-
duction would not be covered nor the seamen in
the merchant marine which has been an adjunct
Of the military in this war. DiSquaifying pro-
visions which protect state funds deny benefits
to many. A worker leaving one job to take an
other which looked more permanent, but which
did not last, would find himself denied unempoy-
ment compensation in some states
When the Kilgore bill (S. 1929 was intro
duced the American Federation Of Labor asked
for its early enactment Powerful influences have
caused delay The Kilgore bill has been definitely
improved and is before the Senate Military Affairs
Committee The American Federation of Labor
asks that the committee report it without furtherI
delay and that Congress give the measure early
and favorable action.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1944-07-20
UNIONS AND RECONSTRUCTION

| INVASION Of the continent began the last phase
| Of the German war and makes it imperative
| that plans for restoring civil government be
| eady.
| It is our hope that military government can
loe replaced by local self-government with overall
| democratic institutions. An institution essential
! 20 these purposes is the trade union, which was
lwiped out by the Fascist and Nazi regimes.
Restoration Of trade unions will provide way TO
mobilize workers and give them q means to put
uniformity into work relationships and work
standards. 1t is an agency that protects workers
land viii rebuild structures of management-labor
relationships.
The trade union movement is the primary
Iagency of justice. Workers will need to develop
sound economic relationships at home and to pro-
tect wage-earners in whatever relationships are
developed with other countries, including terms
|Of peace. In addition, trade unionism makes pos
sible democratic way Of life over wider areas
The "Social and Economic Demands for the
Postwar World" formulated by the international
Federation of Trade Unions, which recently be-
came available contains this clear statement:
"The reconstruction of the trade union or
ganiZatiOns and the restoration of trade union
rights in all countries is one Of the first steps to-
ward human liberties and democratic institutions
This is one Of the earliest and safest measures tO
be taken in all countries and the one that can
make the greatest contribution toward the estab-
hshment and maintenance of public order
Provision must also be made in any emer-
recognition of other workers organizations,
whether economic social or cultural, such as con-
sumers' and producers cooperative societies.
whether they be agricultural, industrial or com
mercia Friendly Societies Mutual Assstance)|
etc"
This clear, sound statement is in sharp con-
trast to the position taken by Walter Citrine,
president of this organization, when the restora-
ton of the German trade union movement was
discussed in the recent conference Of the lnter-I
national Labor Organization at Philadelphia. Cit
r"ne vigorously opposed proposal to make restor-
alton Of trade unions a basic recommendation forl
liberated countries.
The position Of CitTine was as confusing as
his proposal to hold q war labor conference with-
out previous consultation with the national or
carnations represented in the international Fed
GRAFTON OF Trade Unions. Fortunately for the
trade union movement, that conference was not
held.
The trade union movement needs to strengthen
its foundations in order to deal with postwar
problems which will afford a supreme test of
principles and institutions of human freedom.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1944-07-20

IL ANY wage Garner ever doubted the necessity
of protecting himself and his family in the
event OF accident on premature death he readily
would be convinced Of his error upon learning of
the recent tragic experience OF a member OF the
international Brotherhood Of Ieamsters.
This trade unionist, a man of "A, with wife
and two children, recently was engaged with
fellow Worlmen in moving 1000 pound hy-
draulic press, when in some manner the press
tipped over, pinning his left leg to the pavement.
The massive press. was lifted and he was
rushed to q hospital, where all the skill OF modern
the leg For a day or two it seemed that amputa-
ton could be avoided bat ON the morning Of the
third day this drastic step became necessary.
Here however, Death stepped in, IN the form Of
gas bacillus, and The battle was over.
Commenting upon the case while Withholding
the name OF the deceased, an official of The Union
Labor Life Insurance Company told representa-
tlves OF the labor press Tragic cases Of this sort
with attendant economic problems for The Grief
stricken widow, are just about what Samuel Com
pers had in mind, when in 1928 during the Port
land Convention of the AFL. he appointed com
mttee TO conduct q survey OF group insurance.
benefits available TO trade uniOnists The work OIL
that Committee resulted In The formation of The
Union Labor Life which is owned and operated byI
organized labor
Trade unionsts were quick to see the adj
vantage OF carrying group life insurance and to
day the Company has more than S70,000000 OIL
this type OF protection in force As it happened
the local of the international Brotherhood oil
Teamsteis, to which this man belonged, hadI
availed itself Of group insurance only threel
months before the accident This was fortunateI
indeed, because the deceased carried but lttleI
other insurance.
'It seems that the foresight Of President Com
pers over twenty years ago has brought somel
measure Of relief TO this bereaved family"
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1944-07-20
STICK 10 ME WAR ZOE!

Urgent NEED for sticking to the job on the
y production lines until final victory is won was
emphasized in a report by Admiral Ernest hlng
and Generals George Marshall and Fl. II. Arnold
three United States Joint Chiefs Of Staff, back
from visit to the Normandy beachhead.
The Army and Navy heads had the oppor-
tunity Of viewing the situation first hand while
at the fighting front.
The military and naval leaders were high in
their praise of Americas fighting men and work
ers on the home front who furnished the great
quantities Of weapons and supplies that made the
invasion possible. They said:
"Our forces Of land sea and air, many Of them
recently in action for the first time, have shown
not only the courage that was expected OF them
but toughness and technical skill that has made
them more than match for the veterans whom
they opposed Backed by the enormous material
production that has been made possible by Ameri-
can industry and labor we can look forward to
an eventual complete victory over all our
enemies"
1t was here that the Admiral and two Cen
erals emphasized the part that labor will play IN
attaining victory. They said:
"Ths depends, however, on q continuance OF
the full support now given to the fighting forces
on the home front The battles now IN progress
entail heavy losses in material which American
industry must replace, and any slackening IN the
needed production will only delay ultimate VIC
tory No effort on the home-front battle should
be diverted by any element in the production
machine-whether it be ownership management
rank-and~fle workers, or those IN the service OIL
the government itself"
They warned that a tough fight lies ahead and
that anyone can see that desertiOns on the iight-
ing fronts would pr0tIact the war and reduce oulI
prospects of victory. Desertions on the homeI
front would tend to the same result, they said,
adding that "Ihe war is not yet won; it Will bel
won sooner If everybody in war work sticks to hsI
job till complete victory has been attained