davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Durant news. (Durant, Miss.) 1882-1985, 1944-11-23

GdSOIluc~t-lo NouPShS
book good for four gallons through De-
cember 81.
Fuel Oil-Period 4 and 5 coupons
from last heating season, and PERIOD !
coupons from new heating season good
throughout present heating year.
Shoes-Airplane stamps l, 2 and 3 in
book three, good indefinitely.
Vacation Travel Can Cost Gas Coupons
Notorist who use gasoline illegally to
travel to winter resorts face the loss
of their milage r~ations, the Office OF
Price Administration warns. chester
Bowles OPA Administrator said: The
millions of patriotic drivers throughout
the Country who are abiding by the
mileage regulations and getting along
on tight rations so that all may share
fairly the scarce civilian supplies have
a right to expect OPA to shut down
hard on those who obtain gasoline un-
fairly for non-essential trips. We IN
tend to do just that" The agency has
ruled that persons h are planning a
seasonal trip for a definite period Of
time are not making a bona fide change
of residence and that special rations
may not be granted for such trips.
Tenant Farmers Get Fertilizer
Price Aid
Landlords selling fertilizers to ten
ant farmers cannot charge more than
the applicable retail ceiling price OF
these products, Office Price Admins
~tration has ruled. An additional mark
up by landlords never was authorized,
the agency stated.
Cigarettes To Go Unrationed
The shortage of cigarettes experience
ed Throughout the country reflects the
bad distribution due to war time con-
ditions and the fact that the armed
forces are now smoking a fourth OF the
country's total production, but no
rationing f them is contemplated, the
Office of Price Administration states.
The War Food Administration reports
that the number of cigarettes being
manufactured for civilian and soldier
consumption is the greatest in the his
tory of the tobacco industry. Only a
negligible amount of taX-free cigarettes
is sent abroad for consumption other
than by our armed forces. Black mar
ket operations and boarding are also
believed to the factors contributing to
the spotty distribution and civilian
shortages.
Find Jobs For Veterans
Jobs were found for 6o,064 veterans
Of his war and for 1882 from the last
war during the month of September by
the United States Employment Service,
the War Manpower Commission reports.
the total of placements, 1892 in
volved disabled veterans whose skills,
aptitudes and experiences enabled them
to perform many types of productive
work.
Editors: The following Editorial
Statement" by Secretary of Agriculture
Claude R. Wickard is offered on an ex-
elusive basis to newspapers receiving
Town and Farm.
Land Boom Periied Rural America
By Claude R. Wickard, Secretary of
The Durant news. (Durant, Miss.) 1882-1985, 1944-11-23
SGT. Shunks Relates
Experiences In The
Philippine lslunds

The following letter was written by
SiSgt. Marvin Shanks to his sister, Mrs
r. !. Grice. Sgt. Shanks was in the first
invasion of the Philippine Islands and
writes of some Of his experiences:
In the Philippines
Nov. q. 1s4E
Evening star., 1944-12-18
Science and Social Science
From the St. Louis Star Times.

FROM the Sl Louis StAr-I1meS
James G. Vail of Philadelphia, one Of
the speakers before the meeting of the
American Institute of Chemical Engi-
neers in st. Louis this week, called for q
broadening of engineering to include
more study of and attention to the
problems of human relations. 1t was
an appeal that is being heard more and
more often Of late as leaders In the
scientific professions resurvey their
fields in the light of future develop
ments. 1t is one of the encouraging
signs that the postwar world Is going
to open new areas of understanding
between economic and social classes and
between the peoples Of different coun-
tries.
With their technical knowledge alone
the scientist and engineer will assume
great responsibilities in the postwar
world. Some Of the lessons learned in
war will be applied to the problems and
needs OF peacetime living. The ma
terial wants of people throughout the
world will be enormous, and more and
more 1t is the highly trained tech
nician, the research scientist and the
engineer who Is called upon to supply
them
Evening star., 1944-12-18
The Nays Rockets

Although the Army uses them, too,
rockets apparently have become
largely Navy weapon. Much of the
story about them remains a military
secret, but enough information has
been released to reveal that our
carrier aircraft have been using
them with deadly effect against the
japanese and that they are playing
a highly significant role in our am
phibious drives in the Pacific.
That the rocket has proved itself
Of particular value In sea-borne
operations is plainly indicated by the
fact that the Navy Department is
increasing its production by nearly
800 per cent. In terms of dollars,
this stepped-up program will mean
an output we'll In excess of billion
dollars year-a figure which leaves
no room for doubt that the weapon
will be used against the japanese on
scale of the first magnitude.
Although the results achieved by
rocket-firing naval planes have been
officially described as Spectacular"
and "devastating," there is good
reason to believe that the increased
production is meant chiefly for off,
shore invasion bombardment from
specially designed surface craft
known as Let (R)-landing craft
tank rockets. These craft took part
in the Normandy landings last June
and have been particularly promi-
nent in Pacific operations. laying
down fire whose whitening inten-
sity has been likened to that of our
biggest battleships and whose effect
on the morale of the enemy Is said
to be worse than that Of heavy
shelling.
In recent months we have heard
much more about Hitler's huge W.
rocket than about the Navy's rockets,
but the latter, judging from what
little has been told about them,
probably are considerably more eff
cient and effective in achieving mill
tary objectives, especially in helping
to establish beachheads. The Japa-
nese, at any rate, must find them a
very great trial-and the trial Is Just
about beginning.
Evening star., 1944-12-18
Irritated by "Heel Coolins"

Irritated by "Heel Cooling"
To the Editor of The Star
A resident of Washington, commute
to my work in Baltimore five days q
week. naturally spending my week ends
at home.
Recently, after reading in the press
and hearing comments on the radio
about the acute manpower shortage al
legedly existing in Washington, I re-
solved to work here 16 hours each week
end, offering my services to some
hard-pressed essential industry.
Foot in hand" started the rounds.
Four different employers did not
know If would have to have release"
from USES in Baltimore, the place of
my regular full-time employment. Tele-
phone calls to USES in Washington
elected the suggestion that I call the
Baltimore USES and get "the views of
that ONCE" Well, the Baltimore ONCE
Of USES guessed" 1t would give me
the necessary clearance" in view of
the fact that was resident of WASH
ington.
I trekked around to the USES pile at
Fifth and K streets and after an hour
or so Of "heel cooling" I was called
to the desk Of an interviewer" who
hauled out form as long as anything.
One glance at the size and complexion
Of that document was enough. I de-
cided: ITO blazes with manpower short
ages" M.
Evening star., 1944-12-18
Security Tax Freeze

In deciding. however reluctant
ly," to sign the bill freezing the So
cial security payroll tax at l per
cent for another year, the President
has acted in accordance with the
clearly expressed wishes of Con-
gress and with what seems to be
the most realistic appraisal of the
present requirements of the security
system.
The reserve fund now approx
mates $6,0O0,O 900 OOO-from eight to
twelve times the highest estimated
annual expenditure in the next five
years. Secretary Morgenthau told
Congress in 1889 that the reserve
need not amount to more than three
times the contemplated annual ex-
penditure
In view of these facts the immedi-
ate effect of doubling the tax in
1945, which the freeze legislation
forbidS, would be to widen still fur
ther the gap between the size of the
reserve fund and the annual ex-
penditures. And that, in turn would
increase the pressure for liberaliza-
ton of benefits in directions which
might not be either necessary or
wise.
Mr.. Roosevelt stated in signing the
bill that he intends to send to Con-
gress in the near future a com
prehensive plan" for broadening
and improving the social security
system. There is no doubt that the
desirability of Improvements can be
demonstrated, and both major po-
litical parties are on record as be-
lieving they should be put into eff
feet. Since the temptation to be
extravagant with unused reserves Is
strong, however, it would seem pref
cradle to decide first on how the
system is to be liberalized and then
consider means of financing the i'm
provements, rather than to raise the
money first and then seek ways of
spending it. 'F''A'
In this connection, it should be
unnecessary to emphasize the i'm
portance Of going through with
plans for a careful study of the
security systems financing. Before
so many years we will reach the
point where the reserve under the l
per cent levy will not be adequate,
and that time will come sooner If
the scale of benefits is to be liberia
lized. Therefore, while the present
freeze can be justified, there would
be no excuse for neglecting to make
the fullest examination of the needs
which will arise in the future and
their effect on the amounts which
must be collected annually in taxes
from the systems beneficiaries.
Evening star., 1944-12-18
Letters to The Star
Proportional Representation In
the Electoral Colleke Urxed

luS LASCtOln NJ NOlSS0 oI8Su
To the Editor Of The Star:
The Star Of November Is noted pro-
posed amendment by Representative
Lea to the effect that the presidential
electors Of each State should be divided
between the parties in proportion to
their respective votes.
The proposition is 50 manifestly fair
and democratic, 1t is strange 1t has not
been the law long since. And perhaps
with wisdom, the same method should
be adopted in the election of representa-
tiyes, following that of senators.
AS 1t is now, minority, though just
below a majority, goes unrepresented.
Up to a few years ago, New York
came down State Republican to the
Bronx; Tammany gave the State to the
Democrats. At the same time, Pennsyl-
vania would come.to Philadelphia Demo-
cratic; then, the Republican boss would
deliver the State to his party. OF late
years there have been a reshufile and
a new deal; but the same principles or
lack Of principles obtain; methods and
personalities only have changed.
The solid South Is still solid. But
there Is beginning to be fair number
Of voters there who presume to think
for themselves. In the recent CAM
paign, at one time, Florida and Okla
homa were guessed" to be doubtful" !"
There was revolt in Texas and Louisi-
ana, and there was a considerable Re-
publican vote cast in Georgia.
H. X. LOVE.
Evening star., 1944-12-18
The Chrysunthemums

RegdLly these fotUers 90 dotpn to their
imperial death,
Standing proud and unDanquished by
the lesser frost,
Siluer and bronze pennons magnificent
in final hour,
In the quiet gardens iohere oil elss
is lost.
No music .s0il accompany their austers
cortege;;
The heat is gone out OF battle, the
summers thunder done;
No cdrnipdl OF fiery leaves uiH Iqht
their last days;
There Is only their stoical silence
under pdllid sun.
Asking no repriepe OF sentence from the
feeting year,
Triumphant in ultimatum, epen their
pery silence sings;
Unmoped and beautiful beneath the
stadoto OF the scythe;;
30 perish all the pnlidnt, the heroes
Snd the kings.
FREDERICK An1oUY.
Evening star., 1944-12-18

To overcome this dilemma the follow
Ing are proposed:
l.. Henel Tor the European peoples to
quell rebellion born OF desperation. This
Is VltalIy necessary but charity will not
solve issues. Relief can be used for or
against any one of the three policies
Inc Soviets are sharing their bread with
Poles, and not merely out of Christian
heart
z. Economic talks between the United
States OF America and Britain to modify
British imperial policy by economic re-
assurance from America. This is too
primitive an explanation of British
policy; no economic problems can be
solved for all along the financial lines
laid down in Breton Woods: a confer
ence Will accomplish nothing unless We
are all prepared to start again from
scratch, and since neither of us is 80
prepared, the conference would fail.
s. A new political conference between
tne Big Three. Such conference would
oe useful II 1t sought agreement on
basic principles equally applicable to
all participants. II not, it can only
carry the mischief further, ending in
bargains, not agreement. Every bargain
struck will make the situation worse.
and the return to principles farther of.
-
The only way unity can ever be
achieved is on the basis of principle.
There Is unity In the mathematics class
on the basis that two and two makes
Tour, at all times, and for everybody.
There can be unity on the basis of law.
aimed at equal justice and impartially
applied.
There was unity, on basic principles
in the Atlantic Charter. drafted and
signed by all the United Nations. That
charter recognized, for instance, the ma
tlonal idea, and asserted that peoples
could not be transferred from one soyer-
eighty to another except by their own
consent. 1t repudiated. also, aggrandize-
ment Of any territory. These principles
were applicable to victor and vanquished
alike
But We accepted the idea of showing
around peoples, and basing the security
OF states on aggrandizement, and since
each of these will bring new social and
political troubles and thus the neces-
slty for greater security and force. to
be won by new accretions of power, the
inevitable result must be, that frst. the
interests Of the smaller nations will be
dlsregarded, and eventually the great
powers will clash.
tAeleased BY the Bell Syndicate, Ine)
Evening star., 1944-12-18
On the Record
By Dorothy Thompson

we are in hne mess. so every pot Is
calling the other kettle black, while
earnest souls, cognizant Of deterioration
between the Allies, call for unity"
But unless all the Allies radically
change their policies and 70 back to
principles, there cannot conceivably be
any unity.
Soviet policy Is to achieve security by
creating an outer 1elt of satellite states
around the Soviet Union. Where they
can DO so they are backing and installing
governments, which, by social structure
and Slavic tradition are likely to remain
In the Soviet orbit. They have revived
pan-Slavism. and even the Orthodox
Church for this purpose, and capitalize
on Socialist trends all over Europe.
In the case of Poland, regarded as
potentially unreliable. they offer a great
extension of territory at German cost,
knowing that if Poland accepts, she will
be. regardless of the present or future
composition of her government irrevo-
cably within the Soviet orbit as a de-
tense necessity.
g -
British policy is to create in Europe
western bloc, with q demarcation line
between its interests and those of the
Soviets, and through this to solidify,
under British leadership, the colonial
world. The colonies of the world almost
without exception belong to Britain.
France. Holland, Belgium and italy.
This policy involves having 4 security
belt for colonial communications and in
this, the Italian islands, African ports
and Greece are vitality important.
American policy is to make 4 security
belt in the Western Hemisphere. to
leave the question Of disinterestedness
In Soviet and British spheres" open,
and plan for a vast postwar export ex-
pansion. The reorganization of the
State Department has this in mind. In
this latter ambition, collision is more
likely with Britain than with the Soviet.
Meanwhile, We plan a world organiza-
ton for peace, with all power centered
IN = council dominated by the three
great Allies each possessing q veto over
any measures that might affect their
interests. The obvious assumption of
Dumbarton Oaks is that the smaller
nations are the likely source of future
troubles. This, OF course, Is nonsense.
From the viewpoint of national self
interest all three policies can be sup
ported-from the standpoint Of future
peace, they promise the next world war.
The rioting In Greece Is 4 symptomatic
warning
Evening star., 1944-12-18
Mindoro

Mindoro, scene of the second ma
jor step toward the liberation of the
Philippines, lies within sight of the
southwest shore of Luzon. About
ninety-five miles long and fifty wide,
the new objective is the sixth unit in
point of size in the archipelago. It's
area is approximately thirty eight
hundred square miles An impress
SiVe mountain range runs from
southeast to northwest with large
plains on either side Mount Halcon,
in the north, is the highest peak.
The coast line is much indented and
there are two excellent harbors-
Puerto Galera on the north and
Margarine on the southwest. Gala
pan, the capital of the province, is
connected by road with Puerto
Galera.
Though it's name means mine of
gold," total absence of that pre-
cious metal is reported. Rich stands
of timber, however, characterize
both the hills and the lowlands.
Mindoro, indeed, is the most heavily
forested portion of the Philippines.
A few uncivilized Mangayans live in
the wooded mountains, while much
more numerous Christian settle
ments of Visayans and Tagalogs
are located along the coasts. The
total population has been esti-
mated at seventy-flve thousand. A
large sugar plantation, owned by
Americans, gives employment in
normal times to = considerable
Evening star., 1944-12-18

all along the front from the Roer area
down to the Rhine at Lauterbourg The
weather has on the whole been better.
giving our aircraft chance to operate
not only strategically but in close sup
port. Antwerp has been In operation
for some time, enabling a build-up of
supplies to be accomplished.
But time is working for the Germans,
as 1t. Gen. Bradley pointed out in a
recent interview. Their vi and W.
weapons are doing some damage both
In Britain and in the operating areas.
Every day that passes enables them to
give little more training to their new
ground force formations, and enables
those already in action to acquire q
little more experience.
The slow build-up Of the German
air force also is helped by the passage
of time. On top of all this, is the urgent
need to get the German war over as
quickly as possible in order that full
Allied military attention may be turned
to Japan; we may be sure the Japanese
are making use Of every day Of respite
that is granted them.
- 4
Therefore we may likewise be sure
that the Supreme Allied Headquarters
is not wasting minute-that there are
no unnecessary delays. And when we
see all these signs Of increased activity,
when we reflect on the time elements
involved on various parts Of the front,
it is not unreasonable to guess that
before very long we shall see new and
vigorous attempt to drive through the
German defensive "crust" in the west
and compel the Germans to the choice
between deep withdrawal and battle
Of maneuver.
Very likely the choice OF the exact
time for an increase in our offensive
pressure will be determined by the
weather projectors. Good weather
during at least q few days of the most
active period will be of the greatest Inn
portance, whatever the Germans decide.
For II they choose deep withdrawal.
much will depend on continuous pursuit
by our tactical air forces, and II they
are forced into . battle Of msneuver,
tactical air power will be Of the utmost
importance to us In the course Of the
fighting.
t0eU1sisAA 1oAA>
Evening star., 1944-12-18
In the Far North

1t comes almost as a surprise to be
told that Americans have been in
battle action in Greenland. Green
land has been out of the news for so
long that nobody has been paying
any attention to it-nobody, that is,
except the Nazis, who never seem to
overlook anything, and the young
Americans who have been up there
fighting the war.
No front of comparable size has
been less publicized than this one
but yet, as the Navy Department has
just reminded us, it continues active
Now we hear for the first time that
from late last July to last October 16
a task force of four Coast Guard
cutters was busy there breaking up
enemy radio and weather-reporting
stations, taking 60 prisoners in the
process, sinking one armed trawler,
seizing another and fighting off
bomber attack.
At the start of these, operations,
two cutters landed a small Army
combat group near Cape sussi to
destroy hastily abandoned Nazi
base. Then followed patrol work and
action at sea, and weeks later two
platoons of sailors were landed on
Little Koldewey Island, where an
other base was destroyed and three
enemy officers and nine enlisted men
captured. No American casualties
were suffered, but in the two months
Of tracking down the quarry and
wiping out the objectives, all the
elements of warfare were involved
gunf1re at sea, gunfire on land and
bombing from the sky.
AS battles go, all this was on
small scale, but set against it's back
ground the story has epic qualities
q story Of brave men doing their
duty in desolation of ice foes and
vast wasteland of cold white ST.
lence. Probably never before has war
been fought so far north in this
hemisphere, and it Is still being
Sought there, with Americans con-
Evening star., 1944-12-18

under the Cars and are giving q dra-
matte picture Of how the GPU Is 30
much worse than the Czarist political
secret police.
A newspaper printed In Breslau is
being distributed from the old Polish
capital OF Krakow as the organ of the
underground and Is being distributed
with all the secrecy surrounding the
underground technique. In order to
give the impression that 1t is an un-
derground publication, the paper is
careful to speak nicely about the United
States and not too badly about the
Russians, but is violent in tone when
1t discusses Great Britain and her Prime
Minister.
German intelligence officers are con-
tacttng the underground forces with
realistic" propositions for an actual CO.
operation. They point out that mis-
takes" have been made on both sides,
but that is only human. Now, these
agents argue, both Poland and Ger
many are being threatened by a COM
mon enemy, Russia, and should work
In harmony.
The Germans offer to supply the re-
mainder OF the Polish underground in
Western Poland-where the main bat
ties in the East are expected to take
place-with the same equipment as that
given the German soldiers. They prom
ise to hight side by side with the Poles
az brothers in arms for the defense of
the common cause.-The saving of Po-
land and Germany from the clutches
OF the Russian imperialism.
80 far, according to reports received
in Washington, the German agents and
their propaganda has had little or no
enect on the Poles, who are not likely
to forget the treatment to which they
have been subjected since 1899. But
information received here is several
weeks old and, Of course, cannot relate
the effect Mr. Churchill's speech of Fri
day may have had on the peoples of
Western Poland.
The efforts Of the Soviet-sponsored
government in Lublin to describe the
Polish government in London as a group
OF reactionaries who desire to continue
the policies Of the administration of
Col. Beck and the big landlords, have
not been successful.
The leading members OF the govern
ment in exile are known in Poland to
come from the lower social strata and
to have fought all their lives for the
rights OF the little fellow.