The Waterbury Democrat., 1944-11-15

charter in its final form. The Dum- barton Oaks document is merely basis for discussion, an outline of a set of principles on which the rep resentatives from the four powers could agree. Without this prelimin- ary agreement there could be no final United Nations conference. Look on the Dumbarton Oaks pro- posals, therefore, not as the docu- ment that will go to Congress for ratification and adoption, but as a basic memorandum for your lunch con club or your favorite parlor or high school debating society. Take it up one chapter at g. time.
 Chapter I deals with the four principal purposes which a post war organization of the United Ma tions should have. In simplif1ed and condensed language they are: 1. To maintain peace. 2. To develop friendly relations among nations. 3. To promote cooperation among na- tions in building world trade and to raise the standards of living th"0''"h out the world 4. To set up a clear ing house through wl.4Ch LllCse things can be done.
 GAN OUNCE OF PREVENTION"
 In maintaining peace, which is the first purpose of the proposed United Nations organization, the idea is simply to stop wars before they happen, settling disputes between nations by peaceful means such as a World Court or arbitration or armed force if that's necessary. Under such procedure, acts of ag- gression such as have started other recent wars = the Italian conquest of Ethiopia, the Japanese seizure of Manchuria, the German seizure of Austria - simply would not be per- mitted to happen. Any disturbance which threatened the peace of the world would automatically become the business of this proposed United Nations organization, whether it was border dispute between Russia and Finland of low between Bolivia and Paraguay over the Gran Chaco, of primary interest to only those na- tionS concerned.
 To understand fully the purpose of this United Nations organization, perhaps one good thing to start with is an understanding of what the United Nations is not.
 Most important of all, it is not proposed to make this United Ma tions organization a super-state. Every one of the United Nations would retain its full sovereignty and would, of course, conduct it's own internal affairs as it chose, so long as its conduct did not threaten the peace of any other nation.
 A revolution in China or India or Argentina or Spain, to change its form of government, would be none of the United Nations business. If, however, there were another revolu- tion in Spain and Germany began to aid one side while Russia aided the other, that would become a threat to or breach of the peace of the world and as such it would be very much the business of the Uni ted Nations.
 SPECIFIC MATTERS
 NOT COVERED
 How the United Nations would look on mutual defense pacts, such as the 20-year agreement between Great Britain and Soviet Russia, or the mutual defense agreement of the American Republics, is not cov- cred in the Dumbarton proposals. There are many specific matters not covered. The draft of the proposals written at Dumbarton Oaks is gen. eral in many respects. In sense, that is considered an advantage as is leaves the proposals open for amendment and the suggestions of other nations. And the more gen. eral an agreement, the broader its principles, the longer it may last.