davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1944-04-18
This Changing World
By Constantine Brown

According to reports from Italy, the
first man to call on Marshal Badoglio
to discuss the new Italian cabinet was
Palmiro Togliatti, better known to the
world as Ercole Ercoli.
Togliatti escaped from Italy about %
years ago and took refuge in Moscow,
where eventually he became the secre-
tary of the Comintern's Latin section
and was high in the favor of the Com
munist Party and the now of1cially dis
banded Third Internationale.
Togliatti left Moscow last fall when
the political situation in Italy was still
very confused and Russia demanded the
abolition of the monarchy and the dis
missal of Badoglio because in the past
they had been so close to Mussolini.
For while he remained at Ankara,
allegedly because of passport difficulties.
Eventually he went to Algiers, where he
got in touch with the French Committee
Of National Liberation and Is said to
have communicated to the French Com
munists certain definite instructions
from Moscow. Late in February Ba-
doglio granted him a permit to enter
Italy and he remained quietly in South
ern Italy to await developments.
\ \
The developments came quickly.
Badoglio threw a political hand grenade
into the Allied camp by announcing that
Russia was the first Of the Big Three
nations to extend full diplomatic recog-
milton to the King Victor Emmanuel
government On the basis of the agree
ments reached between the italian and
Soviet governments, the shrewd Badoglio
proceeded with the reorganization OF the
government, which was climaxed by the
announcement that the King would step
down to make room for his heir, Prince
Umberto, as regent Of italy, and that
the personnel of the government, mean
while. was undergoing a drastic re-
shuttle.
Political quarters in the United States
pay particular attention to the inclusion
Of Togliatti in the cabinet. He is most
able and energetic man who, through
his many years Of training in Moscow,
knows the technique Of achieving his
Evening star., 1944-04-18
Letters to The Star
The Changing World Seen
Essentially for the Young

To the Editor of The Star:
There was food for much thought In
Owen L. SCOTS article, age an Issue
We commonly forget that the found
ing fathers nearly all were daring
young men,, In '76, Washington was
"A. Jefferson 33, Madison and Patrick
Henry had Just reached 40 and Alex
ander Hamilton had not yet turned 20.
Today, through the rule of seniority
old men, frequently from small and un-
important constituencies bob up in the
swift-moving stream of national events
where they seem "like little wanton
boys that swim on bladders in sea
of glory but far beyond their depth"
1t is the pleasant habit of most OF us
to assume that, despite age, we always
shall preserve the sprightly mental
curiosity of Ben Franklin, the gracious
intellectual vigor of Chief Justice
Hughes or the keen humor and broad
tolerance of the late great Justice
Holmes But we kid ourselves. Those
are exceptions that only prove sober
ing rule. Whether private citizen or
statesman, most of us who have entered
on the seventh decade can be sure only
that our arteries are hardening. And
the senseless fear of change that ac-
companies this phenomenon we will
mistake for the ripe fruit of experience
and probably dub it conservatism"
Meanwhile, this essentially changing
world more than ever is young mans
world. DWIGHT T. SCOTT.
Evening star., 1944-04-18
Appraisal of Nazi Strength
BY Maj. George Fielding Eliot

There have recently been made public
several estimates of the present distribu-
ton OF the German Army. Analyzing
these, and supplementing them with
later information as to some details, it is
possible to form fairly clear idea of the
present German order of battle.
The Germans probably have a total
of about 315 active divisions of all types.
OF these, about ITO are assigned to the
Russian front, distributed as follows:
Eighty divisions on the South Russian
front (southern border of the Pripet
Marshes to the Black Sea-, 90 divisions
about equally divided between the North
and Central Russian fronts, the dividing
point being Vitebsk
There are, or were recently, about Is
German divisions in the Balkans-that
is, in Yugoslavia, Albania, Greece and
the Aegean Islands, with few German
troops holding the Bulgarian seaports
on the Black Sea. To these should be
added two divisions raised among Ger
mans living in Romania and Hungary,
and IA so-called "brigades" under con-
troll of the Croat'puppet leader, Pavelich.
Recent events have somewhat upset this
distribution, as at least three divisions
4iOlii N5OoloFld 1ldNC UCCIl IuSllGu GdSL-
ward to help hold the Focsani-G -Galatz
Gap. and other German divisions have
been moved into Hungary
In Italy, the Germans have about Is
divisions, of which or are in North
Italy and the rest actively engaged
either on the southern front or around
the Anzio beachhead
X X X X
In France and the Low Countries the
German anti-invasion forces probably
number about As divisions. OF these,
about II divisions of the offensive" type
form the mobile reserve; the 33 others
are defensive divisions occupying the
fortified zone known as the Atlantic
Wall" The anti-invasion forces in Nor
way number about 10 divisions and in
Denmark about divisions About one
third of these are offensive divisions.
There are seven German divisions in
northern Finland.
Finally there are in Germany % di-
visions in researches four or five re-
Gently moved into Hungary, as above
noted OF these divisions, three are good
offensive divisions, but, on the other
hand, some Is Of them are mere skele-
tons. which are sbeing filled up by re-
cruits drawn from the latest combing-
out Of German industrial workers. Four
Evening star., 1944-04-18
Pacific Prospects

Admiral Ernest J. King Is not
loquacious person. His public ut
terances are infrequent, but they are
proportionately noteworthy because
they have dependable informative
value. Early last January, for ex-
ample, he stated that the main
lines of attack" against Japan had
been determined, and the gigantic
offensive which ensued across the
Pacific. all the way from the sub
Arctic Kurile Islands to detectives
below the Equator, have amply con-
lrmed his cheering forecast.
Now Admiral King, chief of naval
operations and commander of the
United States Fleet, has again
spoken with even greater optimism
and in more detail In an address
delivered here in Washington last
Saturday, the admiral surveyed the
amazing shift in the balance of
power in the Pacific during the past
two years. This shift is due to the
combined expansion of our own
forces there and the whiting down
Of japanese strength. The japanese
Navy Is unbalanced by it's battle
losses and the Japanese merchant
marine is crippled by the sinking of
at least one-third of its total ton
mage, whereas we have more than
doubled our Navy and have "the
greatest feet Of supporting vessels
and landing craft that the world
has ever seen; we have tripled the
f1repower Of our feet; we have null
tiplied our Air Force by fourteen;
and we have expanded our personnel
almost fifteen times"
The result Is that, whereas we
lacked the reserves to follow ur our
early victories, from Midway to the
Solomons, we now have the where
withal to follow through for a
Knockout whenever a soft spot in
the enemy's defepse is discovered
And the admiral went on to promise
that, within "the next few months"
our Navy could create opportuni-
ties ito strike whenever we can get
within range of their warships or
bases"
The outlook is therefore one of
cumulative and relentless accelera-
tion of the general Pacific offensive
already well under way. With our
Navy and air arm holding the over
all initiative, and with available
ground forces estimated at between
100000 and 100000, the possibilities
are numerous. Besides completing
the disruption Of Japan's island
screen In mid-Pacific, advances to
the Philippines. the Dutch Indies,
Evening star., 1944-04-18
Better Up

Today begins the pennant race.
According to one loud and bitter
school Of thought, orr perhaps
thoughtlessness. it will be a con-
test of 4-Fs, more grueling to spec
tators than to participants. The
first cripple will hobble up to the
plate to lunge feebly at the pusil-
luminous offerings of the first de-
crepit pitcher, while the inf1eld lin
bers up its creaking bones and the
aged outfield tries to guess where
to post itself, so that it will not have
to crawl more than ten feet for fly
balls. 1t is indeed true that many
top fielders are doing f1eldwork for
Uncle Sam, putting the ball on the
enemy. Numerous fine pitchers are
in there pitching woe for the Axis
and frst-string catchers are catch
ing the foe off many a hostile base.
Others are putting a shortstop to
the opposition's plan for base-steal-
ing, and putting out many Jap and
Nazi in the process. Yet none Of this
will reduce baseball to the class of
tiddlywinks. There may be more
errors than usual this season, but
the biggest error of all would be for
the critic to assume that baseball is
doomed. However bad the critic
thinks the players may be, they at
least play better baseball than the
critic. Let him remember that and
play ball with the players.
Evening star., 1944-04-18

In these primary fights 1t would be
setback for the New Dealers.
Senator Barley, the Democratic
leader, may have sharp race ahead of
him IN Kentucky. The Democratic party
there is not too well united The Chand-
ler forces and the Barkley forces have
been more or less at odds for some
time. Further, the Republicans in Ken
lucky carried their gubernatorial candi-
date to victory last November, and with
in short time thereafter elected Re-
publican to Congress in the 4th district,
which had been strongly Democratic for
years.
One Democratic Senator, who has
fought the administration on numerous
occasions, Senator Bennett Champ Clark
Of Missouri, also has a fight on his
hands. Missouri in the last two years has
swung strongly Republican. An indica-
ton that the Republican look for VIC
tory in this usually Democratic State
Is found In the plethora Of Republican
candidates for all elective offices. Four
candidates have announced for the Re-
publican gubernatorial nomination, and
four for the Senate.
Gov. Forrest G. Donnen heads the list
OF candidates for the Republican sena-
torial nomination. His opponents are
Howard Stephens, wealthy shoe manu-
facturer Of st. Louis; Charles Shaw,
Mayor Of Clayton, st. Louis County, and
Charles Render of Hannibal. It looks
like Donnel nomination when the
primary is held August /. although Mr..
Stephens is putting on quite cam
paign.
4 Il II
Senator Clark is opposed for renomi-
nation IN the Democratic primary by
Roy McKittrick, three times elected at
torney general and in that Office now
Mr.. McKittrick Is an ardent New Dealer
He is attacking the Senator on the
ground he has failed to support the
President.
Senator CLARK has won battles In
Missouri when the odds seemed against
him. He is likely to repeat this year, for
he has the support of the Democratic
organization in st. Louis and Kansas
City, not to mention the support of
Senator Truman, to whose aid Senator
Clark went in the last Truman cam
paign. Further, National Chairman
Hannegan has said that Senator Clarks
denomination will be satisfactory to him.
If in the end Senator Clark and Gov.
Donnel fight it out for the election, 1t
will be hard tussle
Evening star., 1944-04-18
Blue Stor, Gold Star

More blue than summer sky or dead
ripe plum
The nindo,D star Hpes out Its Durrior
year
Nestled in white and bound BY fery
red.
Though hung In hope, upon a golden
thread,
1t seems an i1,der to the cold, uustere,
Long ,Daiting for the one tDho does not
come.
Until the end OF this delirium
Increasing numbers of these stars
appear
Whose constant banners dot the
aDenne.
Occasionally gold replaces blue,
A reticent memorial OF fear,
And ioaiting. for the one ,oho cannot
come.
RICHARD e. BODTKE.
Evening star., 1944-04-18
Unwise Promises
From the Topeka Capital.

From the Topeka Capital.
One of the great dangers of our for
eign policy, as practiced thus far, lies in
the false hopes which we have raised in
many lands. There has been no secret
about this. In various ways, representa-
tives Of Mr.. Roosevelt have encouraged
people in all parts of the world to be-
ieve that money and goods from the
United States will flow to the ends of
the earth for an indefinite period, to
uplift humanity everywhere. The quart
of milk on every doorstep" plan Of Vice
President Wallace may be laughed at
here in the United States but in some
countries it is accepted as a sample of
Uncle Sans generosity, and as a prom
Use of lavish gifts in the future.
Evening star., 1944-04-18
The Political Mill
By Gould Lincoln

Six years ago the New Deal forces in
the Democratic party, headed by Pres
ident Roosevelt. sought to purge" five
stalwart Democratic Senators. They had
opposed the Presidents Supreme Court
bill in 1887 and they had in some In
stances opposed other New Deal legis-
lation.
Not one Of them was eliminated-de-
spite strenuous efforts of the White
House. To-day all five Of these Senators
are candidates for denomination and re-
election, Senators Gillette of Iowa,
George Of Georgia, Smith of South Car
olina, Tydings Of Maryland and McCar-
ran Of Nevada.
Today the New Dealers are making
not that they love them any more but
that it would be impossible to defeat
them. Another purge attempt would
still further divide the Democratic
party for a campaign that promises to
be the most desperate the Democrats
have faced since they swept the country
in 1882.
Indeed the President himself recently
indicated the attitude of the Democratic
high command when he wrote Dear
Guy" letter to Senator Gillette. For
long time the Iowa Senator had in
sisted he would not stand for reelection.
This made it tough for the Democrats
In the Tall Corn State. There was no
other man who seemed to have the
slightest chance of winning in the No
vember election. The Democrats are
counting noses-even In the Senate
and they are striving in every way not
to lose seats In the upper house.
1t is commentary in itself that two
of the most ardent of the New Deal
supporters in the Senate this year are
under severe attack for denomination.
One is Senator Lister Hill of Alabama,
whip Of the Senate and assistant to
Senator Barkley, the majority leader.
Senator Hill is the man who placed the
Presidents name in nomination for
third term in 1910. The other New Deal
Senator under attack is Senator Pepper
Of Florida. He, fortunately, finds his
opposition divided among four or five
candidates. But Senator Hill is having
knock-dowp and -drag-out fight with
State Senator James A. Simpson, who
halls from Birmingham. If either one
or both of these Senators should lose
Evening star., 1944-04-18
Readers Disagree With Critic

TO the Editor of The Star:
On April Is you published a letter
from woman who recently had seen
The Song of Bernadette." Your COR
respondent seemed to think that the
picture was made as piece of religious
propaganda, designed to promote the
theory that "the unlettered the
highly emotional peasant types" are the
truly spiritual Neither Is this theory
universally true, nor does the picture
attempt to prove it.
THE Song Of Bernadette"-book and
picture-records faithfully q series of
quite recent events. It is not an at
tempt on the part of Franz Werfel and
Hollywood to fost a fairy tale on
gullible public. The story is--quite
simply historically true. Seldom has
historical event been more painstak-
tngly documented in every detail.
Your correspondent considered the
preface To the picture-'For those who
believe in God no explanation is nec-
essary; for those who do not believe in
God no explanation Is possible"-to be
an anomaly, in view Of the scepticism
Of Bernadette's contemporary clergy.
The disputed phrase, however. was
written in 1912, long after events at
Lourdes had proved Bernadette,s claims
over and over again. For the church
to doubt In, 1858 was the caution Of
great wisdom; for any one to doubt in
1894 Is the blindness OF great prejudice.
There, in fact, Is no tribunal harder to
convince that given phenomenon is
divinely accomplished than the Catholic
church. Only after every possible nat
ural explanation has been proved i'm
possible does she declare an event to
be miraculous. RUTH FOX.
To the Editor Of The Star:
Your correspondent, Mrs. M. w. Noell
was apparently not pleased with "The
Song OF Bernadette," and, in comment-
ing on the picture, took occasion tn
suggest what she considers ian intelu-
gent approach to religious truth" Her
intentions, no doubt, were good, but she
Is wrong In saying that the Introductory
caption was IAN unintentional slip" II
was used designedly. As for her aintel-
hgent approach, !" 1t may not be amiss to
ask whether she Is familiar with the
following quotations from the New Tes-
lament (King James version):
AT that time Jesus answered and
said, I thank thee, o Father, Lord of
heaven and Earth. because Thou hast
hid these things from the wise and pru-
dent. and hast revealed them unto babes
Even so, Father: for so it seemed good
in thy sight" Mat, xi:25.26.
But God hath chosen the foolish
things OF the world to confound the
wise; and God hath chosen the weak
things OF the world to confound the
things which are mighty" Cor. i:27.
Verify say unto you, whosoever shall
not receive the Kingdom of God as a
little child shall in no wise enter there
in" Luke, xviii:17.
A PEASANT TYPE.
Evening star., 1944-04-18
Chaotic, Realty!

From the Topeka Capital.
Wartime may be confusing In this
country but think of how the British
must suffer with double summer" Un-
der this plan, clocks are set ahead
two holIry
Evening star., 1944-04-18

New gasoline substitutes are con-
stantly proposed, but what the pub
lie really wants is a substitute for
the A card.
Evening star., 1944-04-18
A PEASANT TYPE.
Sees Debt as Price of Wars

~ oaAC ~NoASo2 VI Aut 5tAf.
According to statistical reports, the
war will cost the world trillion dollars
(and ten trillion tears)! We are told
That when the mass slaughter ends
world freed from fear and want will
be erected on the ruins But we are
not told just how this fantastic scheme
can be financed. AS it is, the greatest
and richest nations rapidly are ap-
preaching bankruptcy. Unborn genera
tons will be saddled with debt so
colossal that many fiscal experts are
wondering just how the interest can
be paid, let alone the principal. More
over, 1t Is mathematicaIy certain that
II the conflict continues for several
additional years financial ruin awaits
one and all.
The havoc caused by global con-
f1icts, waged to promote liberty, so we
have been told, is 'incalculable. If the
trlllon dollars expended on mass
slaughter had been used constructively,
the Utopian dream of world freed
from want really might have been
attained.
EDMUND K. GoLDsBoRoUGH.
Comments on Supply of Gas
To the Editor of The Star:
Much recently has been said about
black market gasoline. Wouldn't 1t
seem that if such quantities reach the
market without the benefit of ration
coupons the situation never has been
as bad as Mr.. Ickes has tried to paint
it?
If all this gas is going through the
black market, how about trying out
awhile the doubling of the value OF
each kind of ration coupon. Let the
people that are honest have chance
at some extra gas instead of letting
the "gangster, racketeer and even the
killer" get 1t? PAUL M. CAREY.
Deplores Drafting Young.
To the Editor of The Star:
The Army's fixed idea" that only the
very young are suitable for the armed
forces certainly has caused the greatest
beWilderment and confusion.
We always had been told by science
that man was physically in his prime
from 20 to his early 3Os. Now it seems
men are on the decline after 26.
I suppose we soon will be gullible
enough to believe that the ages of l6
and II are when manhood is in its
flower. We then can call this war the
Second Children's Crusade.
. ELLEN COOLIDGE BURKE.
Evening star., 1944-07-19

front veranda-began with the visit
Of the Massachusetts, Governor,
Leverett Saltonstall, and Republican
members Of Congress from Mas
sachusetts. Party delegations came
to Albany in quick succession from
Vermont, Maine and Connecticut.
The routine was the same. The
delegates conferred with Gov.
Dewey. then at press conferences
expressed confidence he would win
next November.
No direct word has leaked out as
to the nature Of these discussions,
but the inference has been drawn
that Gov. Dewey intends to rely, at
least during the remainder Of the
summer, on sectional spade work
organization rs . prelude to 4 fall
campaign designed to appeal to the
entire Nation.
The Governor took time out yes
teEday from his organiza tional talks
to- blast the Federal supplementary
soldier ballot rs void under the New
York's constitution and to defend
the States soldier vote law ~ q
model Of simplicity" ,, =
1t was one of his few formal ut
terances since his nomination. He
is not expected to begin his speak
ing tour until after Labor Day.
Evening star., 1944-07-19
Tiimmons Supporters Stage
'Tu||yho Parade in CHICAGO

the photographers to fire the largest
batch Of Hash bulbs thus far at this
convention.
To placate the camera hounds
Tim" climbed on the back of one
Of the horses. waved his sombrero
Inc one hand and microphone in the
other, to the delight Of 4 fast-gath-
ering crowd. Scores of attractive
young women crowded the candi-
date to get his autograph and he
threw kisses to more sedate women
who waved from the sidewalk.
Al Cameramen On Hand.
-Four years ago there was only one
photographer on hand snap the
surprise candidate and he took the
next train for Washington with the
plates. This year there were Al
on the firing line.
AS the parade proceeded at horse
walk. the candidates regaled the
crowds along the curbs with his
comments on matters political and
promising many reforms. The be-
wildered throng cheered and some
heckled the candidate by yelling
the names of "favorite sons"
He promised the people that if he
was nominated his campaign would
be ION = high level" and declared /:
I'm fact, have reason to believe
that Gov. Bricker may withdraw If
am named as his opponent. That
would end the fight over the vice
presidency"
Mr.. Timmons WAS one of Is can
didates Ito play second fiddle" four
years ago. A delegate from Wis
consin cast the lone ballot for him
but At that he did not trail the
field, because Senator Walsh of
Massachusetts, received 4 half q
vote.
Mr.. Timmons told his press con-
ference last night that he Is con-
f1dent he can double his vote of
1910. He pointed out that his prin-
ctpal opponent then, Henry A. wal
lace, has been losing some of his
following, and that loss may be his
gain.
Evening star., 1944-07-19
Truman Talk Heard
Among New Workers
Nv The Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
CHICAGO, July 19.-Talk of Sen
ator Truman of Missouri for second
place on the Democratic ticket de-
veloped today in the New York dele
CATION, which holds key spot on
the vice presidential merry-go-
round.
The States 96 votes. which will be
overwhelmingly for President Roose-
welt for a fourth term. will be an
important factor in choosing his
running mate.
The situation may be clarified at
an afternoon caucus.
State Chairman Paul E. Fitz-
patrick fired the first gun in the
State campaign today with broad
side at Gov. Thomas E. Dewey, the
Republican nominee, who Mr.
Fftzpatrick said has made it very
difficult for New Workers serving in
the armed forces to cast their bal
lots"
Mr.. Fitzpatrick issued a statement
In which he said:
There is no question in my mind
that Gov. Dewey realized President
Roosevelt's popularity with those in
the armed services and approved
the toughest law in the country on
soldier voting. Every plea made to
him to call special session OF the
Legislature to simplify the law or
to permit the use of the Federal
ballot was turned down cold"
Mr.. Fitzpatrick said it was doubt
full that even 10 per cent" of those
In the armed forces from New YORK
State would be able to vote, but
added that regardless OF such
means to cut down President Roose-
velt's vote, Gov. Dewey will be a
badly defeated candidate in No
vember." a