davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1944-07-13
Harder Neur the Heurt

The final summing up Of American
casualties on Saipan-2,359 killed,
1l,481 wounded and 1918 missing
serves to emphasize again a point
that cannot be emphasized too
much: The nearer we get to the
heart of the enemy, in Europe as
well as in the Far Pacific, the Bit
terer and bloodier will his resistance
probably be. All but about S per
cent Of the Japanese garrison of
some 10000 men died in a fanaticallv
futile effort to hold the island. It
was that important, a strategic prize
of enormous significance, too much
key to the inner defense area of
the TOTO war machine to be sold
to us at anything but high price.
Yet, high as that price was, it was
not too high-in terms of military
arithmetic-for the value of the
objective achieved. Indeed, proper
tionately, it was less than the casual
oASo AiiNtCu Ofl DIlLlSn clVlllanS
during the past few weeks by Hitler's
flying bomb. Saipan, like Normandy.
marks point in this global struggle
where the fighting must almost GER
tainly grow fiercer because the vitals
OF the Axis are directly menaced,
Here on the home front we must
steel ourselves to that fact and to
the corollary probability that there
are going to be more Saipans before
our enemies lay down their arms
For although our forces have planted
themselves firmly on the road TO
total victory, the march ahead
promises to be a difficult and grim
one. Trapped animals, after all, are
at their worst when they lash out
in their last desperate efforts to
escape, and it is trapped animals
that we face now.
Evening star., 1944-07-13
Bombs and the Future

To the extent that it's use by the
Nazis was anticipated that some
thing like it was developed in the
United States decades ago and that
our Allied side may we'll be holding
in reserve an even more deadly in
strument of the same sort, Hitler's
flying bomb is neither a new nor a
secret weapon. But that does not
mean that it can be taken lightly.
On the contrary. the reports from
London, though guarded, leave little
room for doubt that it is continuing,
in its indiscriminate and blindly
terroristic way, to cause considerable
property damage and to MAIN and
kill large number of individuals.
To be sure, it's effects are dWarfed
by our Allied aerial assaults, but it
seems in some ways more dreadful
than the ordinary blockbuster, not
least of all because it is unpredictable
and can strike at any time in every
kind of weather.
General Eisenhower himself, while
making clear that it cannot affect
the course of the war, has just seen
fit to call the flying bomb damn
able thing and to say that no mill
tary man can view it with COM
placency. And although he ex-
presses confidence that it will be
countered effectively and doubts
that the Nazis will be able to send
over anything worse in the time left
to them, he suggests that it is a
destroyer of truly fearSome poten-
tialities as far as the long future is
concerned
In its present form, the weapon
has an estimated range of about $50
miles, is gyroscopically controlled,
carries a ton of explosives and is
jet-propelled at speed ranging
from $50 to 400 miles an hour, if
not faster. Twenty five years from
now, with all the scientific develop
ments that can come in that period,
Az AAioy NC SuiuCO Ny IdQlO ana DOW
cred by new kind of energy, so
that its range may be ten or more
times what it is today, and it's ac-
curacy, speed, weight and destructive
force far greater. The plane and
the tank of 1914 make the plane
and the tank of the First World War
seem almost ridiculously crude and
relatively harmless: a generation
hence men may be saying the same
thing Of the flying bomb currently
being hurled at London.
1t is a military axiom that every
new weapon can be offset by a new
defense, and just as gun answers
gun, flying bomb can answer flying
bomb. But there must be some
limit to the amount of destruction
the human race can stand. Civilized
peoples have heretofore listened to
many telling abstract argument In
Evening star., 1944-07-13
Unrest in Lotin America

The political tempo and tempera-
tIre are obviously rising throughout
most of Latin America. The past
year has witnessed displacements OF
governments in a number of coun-
tries to the southwark, mostly by
the traditional method of revolu-
tion, though in the cases of Costa
Rica and Cuba by orderly electoral
processes. Current disturbances in
Colombia, though apparently unsuc-
cessful, indicate strong opposition
to the existing regime.
Each of these situations can be
explained in terms of local condi-
tions and personalities. But their
growing frequency, denoting gen.
eral trend, suggests the presence Of
underlying factors common to the
whole of Latin America. And the
weight of evidence tends to show
that the basic common denominator,
while expressing itself politically, is
economic in character.
The impact of the war has
severely strained the national
economies of all the Latin Amer
lean republics. This is because their
economic lives are geared to an
exchange of domeStlcally produced
raw materials for manufactured
products imported from abroad.
The war cut off markets in Axis
or isoccupied countries and di-
minished exports to Allied countries
because of shipping difficulties and
prioritieS Even where exports
were favored by ourselves and Brit
ain, they could not be fully paid
for in goods, and the resulting
scarcitieS combined with mounting
dollar or sterling credits caused
sharp domestic price rises and inf1a-
tionary tendencies. The resultant
economic dislocations and hardships
engendered inevitable discomfort
which was naturally focused upon
the governments in power, suggest
ing the desirability of a change in
administration to increasing num-
bers of citizens
In a sense, this is a worldwide
phenomenon, visible in this country
and most other lands. But in Latin
America, economic dislocations tend
to have revolutionary implications.
The world depression of the early
1930s produced a similar wave of
political unrest almost everywhere
south of the Rio Grande. And one
of the chief reasons is the exag-
gerated value of political power in
countries where the rewards and
perquisites of Office outweigh the
gains of business or professional &C
tivitieS. This leads the ''inS" to cling
tenaciously to power and prompts
the outs to risk much to get in.
This is the root cause of the revo-
lutionary tradition in Latin America.
1t persists most tenaciously in the
Latin American tropics, which lack
prosperous middle classes and where
business is largely in foreign hands.
Wherever politics is the best-paid
occupation, political instability is in
evitable. Not until those national
economies are better balanced will
the revolutionary trend be elm
mated.
Evening star., 1944-07-13
The Political Mill
BY Gould Lincoln

The strategy of the anti-fourth- term
Democrats in the coming Democratic
National Convention Is still in the max
ing. Whether 1t ever will develop into
real revolt remains to be seen Leaders
among the anti-Roosevelt Democrats
have told this writer that nothing will
be finally decided until they have had
opportunity to confer in Chicago over
the coming week end
The Roosevelt managers have built
up their delegate strength in such large
proportions that the anti Roosevelt
leaders see no prospect of anything but
an overwhelming vote for the Presi-
dents denomination on the first ballot.
A compilation by the Associated Press
shows q total of $50 delegate votes
pledged to or claimed for Roosevelt.
The convention strength is l,l7e dele
gate votes A majority, $50, is required
to nominate
That there will be votes cast for other
ever. One question remains: How many?
Politicians are notoriously slow to
stick their necks out II they believe
steamroller is working against them. In
this convention, 1t will be working over
IA tiiSi ShlCS y SICdt IHdUg
OF the State delegations in the conven-
tion will be controlled by the unit rule
whereby a majority of a delegation
will determine where the whole vote of
the delegation is to go-it will be even
more dif1cult to show the real under
lying opposition to a fourth term nomi-
nation.
- -
Much will depend, therefore, upon
the temper OF the Anti Roosevelt Demo-
Gratis when they get to Chicago. Every
thing possible is being done by the pro-
Roosevelt forces TO make the conven-
ton appear as harmonious as possible
Indeed. extreme pressure is operating
today on various anti-fourth termers to
prevent them from making a real fieht
in the convention, The Presidents own
announcement he will run was undoubt-
edly intended to have its effect on the
convention.
So far, no anti Roosevelt Democrat
has announced he will have his name
presented to the convention for 4 presi-
dental nomination. OF the two men to
whom the anti Roosevelt forces would
be glad to rally-Senator Byrd Of Vir-
einia and former Democratic National
Evening star., 1944-07-13
Temper Of q People
Prom the Montreal Star.

.
While the Germans have succeeded in
quelling the revolt of Danish workmen
In Copenhagen, the disturbance dis
closes an attitude which may make fur
ther trouble for the occupying forces as
the Allied invasion proceeds. For it can
not be doubted that the general strike
was called by the Danish underground
council at this time to take ADVANTAGE
OF NaA preoccupation with Allied Of
1ensives in both east and west.
That the strike succumbed to force
ma)eure Is understandable, but 1t af-
fords a symptom Of the Danish temper
and spirit which, ON . more suitable
occasion, may rise again to help throw
the aggressor out of this the first of the
western countries to be invaded Dem
mark went down without fight in
1s40 1t was given no opportunity to
night. Nevertheless, since that time the
people have shown little desire to COL
laborate, and If Quisling movement did
get 4 head start, 1t never gained the
adherence Of more than q few people,
Evening star., 1944-07-13
The Nelson Plan Stonds

All partleS concerned are to be
congratulated for speedily settling
the dispute over the plan to permit
industries to begin preparing re-
conversion to peacetime output. The
plan will go into effect as originally
devised, the only change being in
timing, AS first proposed by Chair
man Nelson of the War Production
Board, it was to have been in full
operation by July l, but now it will
become operable in piecemeal
fashion, so that the whole of it will
not be functioning before August Is.
The program will relax reStrc-
tions on the use of magnesium and
aluminium will allow industries to
acquire enough materials to build
single working models of articles
designed for postwar markets; will
permit the ordering of machine
tools and other equipment required
for reconversion, and will authorize
WPB field officials, in areas where
there is a surplus of labor and ma
= chinery not needed for arms making,
to lift current bans on the manufac-
ture OF civilian goods. The last step,
around which the most serious part
of the dispute revolved, will not go
into effect until August Is, and pos
sibly may be delayed even then, de-
pending on the manpower situation.
Worry over the availability of
manpoWer apparently was the prime
factor behind the opposition to Mr..
Nelson's plan. Cancellation of arms
contracts and widespread optimism
over possible early collapse of the
Nazis have already led large num-
Der OF workers to start streaming
back to nOneSSential jobs, with the
result that it may become increas-
lngly difficult in the months ahead
to meet the demands for help in
war plants in critical labor shortage
areas. In the circumstances. the
Army and Navy and the War Man.
power Commission made the point
that any easement OF WPB restric-
tions would make a hard problem
harder, psychologically and ma
terially, by tending to encourage
the flow back to peacetime en-
ployment.
Mr., Nelson's assurances, however,
appear to have carried the day. He
is firmly on record as asserting that
the relaxation of restrictions will
not be allowed to interfere with the
labor supply needed for arms pro-
duction and that If it does so, it will
be revoked. On the strength of
this, it does not seem likely that the
reconverSion steps modest and
strictly limited as they are-are
likely to do any harm. On the con-
trary, they can be expected to do
much good by making possible a
prompt beginning on a gigantic task
which, If we are to avoid dangerous
economic and social dislocationS,
must be acted upon now and not
deferred until the war ends
Evening star., 1944-07-13
Letters to The Star
Col. Rowntree CHALLENGED to
Prove Charles Against 4.Fs
To the Editor Of The Star:

To the Editor Of The Star:
On Monday last Col. Leonard G.
Rowntree, chief Of the medical division
OF Selective Service, told a special Senate
committee on wartime health that the
rejection Of one out OF four selectees for
medical reasons was national dis
grace" and proves that our youth is
fiabby and soft
Those Of us who are in 4-F because Of
minor physical defects have had to take
q lot Of unfair criticism from private
sources and In smart comments on
streetcars and buses, but we never before
have been maligned so thoroughly and
SO needlessly as we were in the testimony
OF Col Rowntree before that committee.
Far from being the physical wrecks
described, lot Of us in 4-F are vigorous
specimens Of manhood as many a critic
OF the Army's physical standards has
observed. I am In 4-F because of an in
herited defect in vision. astigmatism.
missed two days of school In 10 years
because Of illness.
have a friend who is in 4-F because
he broke his knee playing football
against Notre Dame. Frankie Sinkwich,
Bronko Nagurski and other such weak
lings' have been placed in AZ for
similar reasons.
Saturday evening I saw Vernon
Stephens play shortstop for the st.
Louis Browns at Grinhth Stadium, per-
haps the best ball player in the league.
He didn't look soft or f1abby to me, but
he broke an esrdrum when he was a
youth.
There no doubt are a number of AIS
who share with me an aversion to being
labeled publicly as specimens Of lazy,
weak, overindulged youth. Maybe the
colonel and some other desk dwelling
ofhcers OF similar opinion would accept
challenge to engage in some contests
OF physical endurance to determine
whether 1t Is we or they who belong In
AZ on that score.
1t is to be doubted that any program
OF physical conditioning or diet could
remove the defects for which manv
thousands Of men have been rejected.
Nor could 1t prevent those minor de-
fects that are inherited.
The idea that because of thick pair
OF glasses. little limp in walking or
broken eardrum we cannot do the
work that an Army WAC can is ridicu-
lous The commander in chief himself
would be in 4-F if he had to 70 to an
induction center to get in!
And now as though it were mot enouob
to bear the odium of a 4-F classifica ton
and all that 1t connotes in the public
mind and to see our brothers and friends
having to defend the country for US, we
are told IN a public statement that we
are part OF national disgrace" hone
other 4-Fs join me in asking Col, Rown-
tree to prove it. GLENN d EVERETT
Evening star., 1944-07-13
Sin&le Tax Doctrine

oihSie AZ DOCtrlne
To The Editor OF The Star:
Speaking OF tax reduction, however
1nopportune may be the pressure of
State legislatures for 4 Is Der cent
ceiling on Federal taxes, it bespeaks a
da~ning sense of the potentiality of
present methods for killing the goose
that lays the golden egg.
Considering the cond ditions with
which we now are confronted and will
be FOR years to come. q more sensible
course for State legislatures would be
Tor change IN methods of taxation
TO have the effect of killing two birds
with one stone. To that end they would
need only to shift their taxes from land
products to land values to absorb all of
the ground-rent which, as a public
value should 60 to public uses. The
bird victims, both birds OF prey, would
be land monopolys inflationary exac-
tons on both capital and labor, and
taxation in encouragement of produc-
llon' WALTER N. CAMPBELL,
Evening star., 1944-07-13

Chairman James A. Farley OF New YORK
the first has said he was not and
would not be candidate for the nomi-
nation. Mr.. Farley frankly has not yet
made up his mind whether to have his
name laid before convention. His name
did 60 before the convention in 1910
when Mr.. Farley wished to show his
opposition 70 third-term nomination.
-Four years ago three candidates for
the presidential nomina ton were for
mally placed in nomination at the Dem
ocratic National Convention. They were
Mr.. Farley, former Vice President John
N. Garner OF Texas and Senator Tydings
OF Maryland. The total nti-Roosevelt
vote cast in that convention was l4e and
a fraction.
Indications are THAI the anti-Roose-
welt forces in the convention will make a
determined night over the vice presiden-
tial nomination-even If they fail to 90
TO the mat on the presidential. This is
particularly true should the President
insist on having Vice President Wallace
made his running mate again-or If he
should demand the nomination of some
other ardent New Dealer, as for example
Associate Justice Douglas of the Su-
preme Court.
The action Of the Virginia Democratic
State Convention, which instructed the
State delegation to vote against Mr.,
wallace, was an amazingly frank state
ment OF the case
What the Virginia delegation will do
about the presidential nomina ton is
another thing. 1t is "uninstructed. At
least ~ OF its "a members are personally
opposed to the denomination of the
President They may vote, it Is said.
for Byrd o. Secretary of State Hull or
Tor that famous adopted son of the Old
Dominion, Gen. George c. Marshall,
Chief OF STAFF. Indeed, if some of the
Virginians had their way, Gen. Marshall
would be made the Democratic presi-
Dental nominee.
1t NAV Ne the anti Roosevelt Demo-
Gratis will determine finally to let Mr.
Roosevelt have 1t" practically by default
they could not stop him anyway-and
reserve their real activities until the
election comes OF. That was the atti-
tude OF the anti-Smith Democrats in the
1928 Democratic National Convention.
They let him have it" and then got rid
OF him.
Evening star., 1944-07-13

British government. which had a large
part In building up De Gaulle as the
symbol" Of . free France, Is said to
have asked De Gaulle to remove Passy
to Agiers, where he could give free rein
to his zeal.
Passys appointment as deputy to Gen.
koenig is disturbing to those who have
known for some time of his Gestapo
methods, and is arousing many French
men who were about to be converted to
the idea of giving Gen. De Gaulle the
benefit of the doubt. They see in the
appointment definite indication that
any attempt Of the French people to
express themselves freely will be ruth
lessly suppressed.
Gen. De Gaulle's second action-the
taking over of the press, the radio and
movies-is viewed with grave apprehen-
sion because such regulation Is one of
the nrst moves taken by totalitarian
regimes. All thought in dictator con-
trolled nations must conform to the
wishes Of the dictator and all opposition
must be crushed, regardless of cost
Mr.. Roosevelt must have studied the
question for = long time before he de-
cided he would accept Gen. De Gaulle
as the de facto authority in the lib
Grated sectors, and this acceptance does
not mean that our civil problems in
france are over. The French people
may like De Gaulle so well they will
not blame him. II he exercises his
authority over the liberated areas in a
fair and democratic manner, they will
not blame him. But If he allows Passy
to run rampant and proceed to take
revenge against all "collaborationists, /"
ne may discover a deep resentment.
There are quite a few people in France
today who, typed as collaborationists
merely acted for what they considered
to be for the good of their country.
Evening star., 1944-07-13

= German withdrawal from the whole
line Of the Orne
However, the map suggests that for
the British as for the Americans, the
center Of the Allied position offers bet
ter opportunities for the deployment of
large numbers of new troops, and II
an additional American corps has ar
rived or is arriving in France, it must
be assumed, for the present at any rate,
that additional Forces are on the way
too. or already there. and that they will
not long be left in ideness
1t should. however again be empha
sized that what Is now happening in
Normandy, and what will happen within
the next few days or weeks, is prepara-
tory and tactical In nature. The Allied
forces are still fighting for better posi-
tions, more elbow room.
The natural concomitant OF these
Allied advances on the f1anks is the at
traction to the f1anks of the enemys
reserves, or reinfor.:ements as these
come up-coming still very slowly and
uncertainty through country isolated
from normal communications by our
air power, and over roads so harassed
by our planes that movement is possible
only In bad weather or under cover Of
complete darkness (abOut As hours per
night.
This tends to weaken the enemy cen-
ter, while affording opportunities for a
sudden Allied eneveloping movement In
either direction, breaking out of the
center and swinging round behind the
enemy concentration on one flank or
the other. 1t Is for some such move as
this that We should now begin to look.
The enemy can figure that one out too,
and unless he Is confident that he can
deal with any such thrust, he must be
considering whether it would not be
better worth his while to make a deep
withdrawal.
That is, he should be thinking in such
terms; but he has paid a sufficiently
heavy price in Russia and in italy for
haVing 1alled to go while the going was
good, and perhaps his old habits will
stu prevail in Normandy.
1t Is all q question Of balance of
strensth: We are not yet secure In our
Normandy foothold, but We are moving
toward security. Our forces are in
creasing more rapidly now that We can
use Cherbourg to some extent. Our
chle1 handicap continues to be the
weather, which hampers our Air Forces.
but the balance of net gain inclines to-
ward us.
The enemy still has q mathematical
chance to gain . local success, perhaps
ne has not even given up all THOUGHTS
OF nnally getting sufncient ground su-
periorlty to push US back into the sea.
II he withdraws, he gives up that hope
altogether and pins his faith on q sreat
battle somewhere deeper in France. 1t
may be very hard for him to abandon
that first and cherished hope of his.
For one thing, its abandonment will be
quite dimcult to explain to the German
people.
(Copyrisht, 1o44O
Evening star., 1944-07-13
Smoking the Apple Tree

High out OF reach the largest apples
hang.
And tantalisinoly their bright spheres
CLEAN
As moon and stars beyond the eager
clutch
That n.oue the heart to tancies of q
dream.
With feet astrids. Q hand upon each
hip,
The boy looks totpard the cluster OF
the fruit.
4 solivdyy tountaim fills his mouth;
His tset. it seems. are buried ,Dith the
root.
But suddenly released by agile youth.
He hugs the bole and climbs up higher.
higher,
Then firmly shakes the apple citndsl.
While red slobss rocket dosD~ like
hurried Are.
ROSE MYRA PHILLIPS.