davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Wyandotte news-herald. (Wyandotte, Mich.) 1943-1963, 1944-10-16
Kelly Addresses
Republicans at
Rally Saturday
Candidates Speak
at COP Meeting
in LOOT. Hall

Governor Harry Kelly led the
group of speakers who addressed
Republicans in Wyandotte Satur.
day night at the IO.OF. temple.
First speaker on the evenings
program was Albert Riddering, can
didate for Congress. He was fol-
lowed by Elmer Rice, candidate for
Wayne County Prosecuting Attor-
ney, who introduced other county
candidates.
Coming to Wyandotte for the
rally, with the governor, were John
D. Morrison, auditor general aspir-
ant and John Dethmers, attorney
general candidate.
Mayor Louis W. Benin was intro
duced by Mrs. Clifford Haynes and
he in turn presented Governor
Kelly, who spoke briefly.
Between the groups of speakers
group singing was led by Henry
Melloche and accompanied by Mrs.
Harry Ward.
A dinner, honoring the governor
was held at the Crosse lie Country
Club, preceding the rally.
The Wyandotte news-herald. (Wyandotte, Mich.) 1943-1963, 1944-10-16
Home Rule Forum
Arranged Here by
Republican Club
Discussion of Both Sides
Of the Question Planned

The pro and con Of the Wayne
County Home Rule Amendment will
be discussed at the meeting Of the
Republican Women's club Of Wy
andotte to be held at $3.50 p. m. Oc-
tober % In the IO.OF. temple. Elm
street.
Open to all men and women, the
meeting will give the public an OPP
portunity to hear both sides Of the
Home Rule question.
John Jaco6y. wayne County Road
Commissioner, will present argu-
Nents against Amendment No. 4
while Dale Fillmore, Corporation
Counsel for the city Of Dearborn
will give reasons for support of the
amendment.
Mayor Louis Benin will present
the amendment under discussion.
The Wyandotte news-herald. (Wyandotte, Mich.) 1943-1963, 1944-10-16

At - wsBtokp e1ge Of 1(ich1g1nt
copper coun< INT once fabulous
land Of overnight mining booms,
fantastic profits and expanding set
tlement- q dot On the map known
~, silver City.
Il was ct Silver City, just = few
miles west of ontanogan on LAKE.
Superior. that q group Of neNxpapsr
writer's began . TWO day "explora-
ton" Of Michigans Poreubine noun
tain area. A few tourist cabins and
= tavern are a1 that Is left to 81
yer City where miners In 1875 ex-
tracted silver from veins in rock
along the Iron river. Leading to real
estate speculation and the subdi-
viding Of land for town.
Silver City Is headed for new
prominence. II is the entrance to
the largest unbroken tract Of virgin
hardwood timber left In the United
States. And what Is more impor-
tant, 1t Is gateway to q recreational
area and timber museum comprising
1900 acres, soon to be owned By
the State Of Michigan through &C
ton Of the 1914 state Legislature.
Unique from any other tract IA
Michigan. here Is . true wilderness.
In your easy chair. try imagining
. vast tsrest Of maple. birch. bass
wood, hGnlock, and white pine
Inst - Heution . few - through
whiehsypa tramp for hours without
onoa oool1g OF crossing pc&tlic road.
IMAGINE that you are hiking 10
The Wyandotte news-herald. (Wyandotte, Mich.) 1943-1963, 1944-10-16
Surgeon Heads
Assembly Group

DR.. Anton Kani, Chairman De-
partment Of Surgery, Riverside o.
teopathic Hospital, is general chair
man of arrangements for the 1914
Clinical Assembly of the American
College of Osteopathic Surgeons to
be held at Hotel Statler, Detroit,
October Is through 10, it was an
nounced today. pr. j. Clark Havis
Is General Co-chairman while DR..
v. H. Dierdorff, also of Riverside
surgical staff, is Chairman of Sur
gical Clinics to be held at River
side each morning throughout the
assembly. Leading osteopathic sur
geons from all parts of the United
States will meet to discuss newest
scientific developments in the field
of surgery, anesthesia, radiology and
pathology, the announcement stated.
Other national organizations meet
ing simultaneously are the American
Osteop9thic Hospital Association and
the American College of Osteopathic
Radiology. Surgical clinics will also
be held at Detroit Osteopathic Hos
pitaf and Art Center Hospital in
Detroit.
DR.. VIM. F. Costello, Chairman of
the Staff of Riverside, said that
there is nation wide interest In the
new Riverside Osteopathic Hospital
at Trenton, and that large num-
Der Of visiting surgeons and their
wives have indicated their desire
to inspect the institution.
The Wyandotte news-herald. (Wyandotte, Mich.) 1943-1963, 1944-10-16

Nir5br l6k2 ID the art of this for
est. You follow an old wagon trail
for five miles from origley's lum-
Der camp to the abandoned White
Pine extension mine. e has rained
recently. The trail = doggy.
You pause to inspect 4 ghost min
ing camp of rotting log cabins and
shambles. Then you pick up . new
trail going northesly. When the lug
marks of . tractor hulldozer appear
on the ground, the guide recalls how
an army bomber crashed near Mir
ror lake last March. All passengers
had parachuted tossafety.
Was this . temporary path to the
bomber? II so, where was the Mir
ror lake trsili Nobody knows.
No one has q map You are rely
ing entirely on the knowledge Of
the guide, who informs you that he
has never been In that territory be-
fore and was relying solely upon
second haud information.
Dlscovery Of q tran. Just rod
away. prompts you to concinde that
Tho bulldozer was slashing new
path into the woods. But strangely
euoush, your newly discovered path
y IN old trail. Impression Of wag-
on wheels can. be traced here and
there. Logs have fallen. They were
decayfng with age.
Then someone's detects q blaze
mark on . tree. The blaze recurs
ct intervals. and yUu nsye the CONF
fortine thought that someone had
The Wyandotte news-herald. (Wyandotte, Mich.) 1943-1963, 1944-10-16
PearsOns Become
Parents of Eight
Pound Daughter

All typographical errors. any adj
vertiseme1t omitted = or turned up
side down - in today's issue of the
Wyandotte News-Herald will all be
attributed to the Composing Room
Superintendent, Harold Pearson
who last night became the father
of an eight pound daughter, Dolores
Cecilia.
The baby was born at the Delray
hospital, where the mother, the for
mer Cecilia Grabowski, was last en-
ployed as nurse.
Mrs. Pearson is the daughter OF
Mrs Lolita Grabowski of Wyandotte.
The Pearsons, who live at 1870
Superior boulevard, Old Homestead,
are. the parents Of another child,
Douglas, who Is two years old.
The Wyandotte news-herald. (Wyandotte, Mich.) 1943-1963, 1944-10-16
Novel Store
WillOpen Here

A new store will have its grand
opening on Biddle avenue this Fri
day. 1t will be different novel and
something new to Wyandotte. To
be called 1.-THE Fun Shop" this new
enterprise will feature tricks and
novelties Of all descriptions.
In addition The Fun Shop will
carry a line of dolls and toys. One
feature of the store will be de-
partment of GLOW Flowers" These
are a new sensation of ornamental
flowers that give off a brilliant
glow In the dark.
The Fun Shop will be located at
1921 Biddle avenue. Mrs. Catherine
Wilson of Wyandotte will be the
proprietor.
The Wyandotte news-herald. (Wyandotte, Mich.) 1943-1963, 1944-10-16


Labor was represented at the
meeting by John Mahan, president
of Local 1899, CLIO; E. j. Lavassaur,
secretary treasurer Of the Down
River Go Council and Neil B.
Stumpff, financial secretary OF Lo-
cal 1899.
Representing industry were Louis
A. Austin of Bowen Aluminium,
Charles E. Findlay of the Wyandotte
general hospital, Harry Fenske.
Great Lakes Steel director of traf-
fic and William S. Nevius, Wyan-
dotte Chemical Corp. director OF
traffic.
Members Of the River Rouge city
council who attended were Howard
Wood and John Duncan.
Wyandotte councilmen were En-
est Schultz, Clifford Burke. Richard
Kelly and Herbert Schendel, city
attorney.
The Wyandotte news-herald. (Wyandotte, Mich.) 1943-1963, 1944-10-16

left signs along the path which ta1E
ing leaves and logs could not readily
obscure.
Following an old blazed trail
through . virgin forest Is adventure
with Q capital A. But 1t Is also hard
work. At times you must literally
climb over the trupk Of . huge tree
that had been uprooted by . storm
and which lay untouched after 1t
had crashed to the ground.
Twice the winding trail seemed
to vanish. Other members of your
party fan out until someone locates
1t. s
Yes, it is q trail all right. But
you notice something odd - your
compass indicates clearly you are
travelling southwest. You had set
the arrow on your paratrooper's
wrist-Natch compass at $50 degrees,
, few points west Of north.
finally about $50 p. M, after
more than four hours on the trail
your party stops for consultation
Rays of golden sunlight filter
through the dense foltAge. Hours OF
daylight are limited. And not car
rying Q pack with food and . Sleep
ing bag or blankets. you realize that
you cannot reach Mirror lake and
also return before shutdown to tn
station wagon left at ouigley's lum-
Der camp . good seven miles away.
The Wyandotte news-herald. (Wyandotte, Mich.) 1943-1963, 1944-10-16
Two Wyandotte
Men Among War
Casualties
William Spence and
Frank Harbiezwski
Are Wounded

Two Wyandotte men were among
the Michigan casualties revealed by
the War pepaxtment over The
weekend. They were Pvt. William
Spence, believed wounded for the
second time, and Pvt. Frank Har-
biezwski.
Spence is the husband Of Mrs
Edith Spence of 325 Vinewood. He
was first reported wounded on Sep
TENDER 26.
Harbiezwski, who was serving in
the South Pacific, is the son Of Mrs
Victoria Harbiezwski of 1884 Sew
enth street
The Wyandotte news-herald. (Wyandotte, Mich.) 1943-1963, 1944-10-16
vess y6a have been beaten by tn

yes y6u have been beaten by the
wildernessl
The above incident really DID
happen.
While we waited for the guide to
rejoin Us, four newspapermen built
. fire In . hollow near the trail
Frankfurters, wrapped In bacon
soon became steaming, appetizing
pigs In blankets" That cheese
sandwich prepared by the restaur-
ant girl at Even suddenly became q
delectable titbit. And cold water,
dipped from q nearby stream, was
Ike sweet nectar itself.
we lounged on the ground. joking
about how We had been lost" in the
Porcupines-at least to the extent
Of having missed Mirror lake. At
that moment 1t was a keen disap-
pointment, for cameras were loaded
With natural color film and. we were
anticipating scenic delights to re-
cord at Mirror lake, our destina-
ton.
On the previous day We had
climbed the Porcupine mountain
near the Lake Of the Clouds. Actu-
ally the mountain consists of g long
escaspment with black rocky peaks.
IN views were inspiring. To the
south lay Lake q the Clouds. catch
ing . hue refleot3on Of the sky.
The foliage Of millions of trees was
turning b reds and yellows. The
air was exhilerating. You liked it.
The Wyandotte news-herald. (Wyandotte, Mich.) 1943-1963, 1944-10-16
Enthusiasm,
Mounts for
Boys TO,vn Game

Enthusiasm for the coming foot
ball game between Boys Town and
Catholic Central is running high.
So reports Eddie MCGEE, Wyandotte
ticket chairman. The game will be
played at Briggs Stadium Sunday
Oct. %, at 200 p. m.
Tickets for this football game can
be purchased from MCGEE at the
Shamrock Barber Shop, 416 Oak st.
The Wyandotte news-herald. (Wyandotte, Mich.) 1943-1963, 1944-10-16

You gazed west and east towards
a series of peaks. Here was the
setting for a five-mile scenic high
way which, like the roller-coaster
Brockway drive on Keweenaw, would
afford a sensational vista to tour
ing motorists.
And here on the mountain top
fairly level for block, was the site
for log chalet and a cluster OF
family cabins. Let the State OF
Michigan build them. Let a COM
petent hotel operator lease them
Yes, you conclude, here was the OPP
portunity for someone who possessed
courage and skill to create one of
the great wonder attractions in the
Middle West.
Let the forest before you remain
what 1t is today-a wilderness of
mountain ranges, timber and
streams. Provide access into it by
foot trails and bride paths. But
don't destroy the great virtue 1t
now possesses-the virgin forest viii
derneSs which can beat man, as 1t
did us, when he tries to penetrate
its many secrets.
Who blazed that old trail to the
southwest? 8
Was it made by q mining prospec-
tor whose claim and lonely cabin
are now hidden by forest decay?
Yes, we're going back someday to
try again. Such is the lure of the
Porcupines.
The Wyandotte news-herald. (Wyandotte, Mich.) 1943-1963, 1944-10-16
Fiat Rock Police
Arrest Three

Robert Allen and Add Mckinley
of 524 Grove street. and Luana Sum-
mers, 6O4 Grove street, were arrested
last week by Flat Rock police on
Detroit street there.
They were brought before Justice
Roy Vreeland. Allen and Mckinley
were fined $40 and IS court costs.
Miss Summers was tried before
Judge Matt Laffler of lockwood
and fined $40 and $3.50 costs. All
were held on drunk and disorderly
charges.
The Wyandotte news-herald. (Wyandotte, Mich.) 1943-1963, 1944-10-16
Carl Horn Case
Near Conclusion

The case of the people VS.. Carl
Horn in the circuit court of Judge
John v. Brennan, is expected to fin
ish this week. 1t will possibly 60
to the all-woman jury sometime to-
day or tomorrow.
The Wyandotte news-herald. (Wyandotte, Mich.) 1943-1963, 1944-10-16
AUTO PARTS STOLEN

A tire and wheel were stolen from
the Ford Tudor Of Arthur Bayer,
848 Forest street, Friday evening
The automobile was parked in front
of the Bayer residence.
The Wyandotte news-herald. (Wyandotte, Mich.) 1943-1963, 1944-10-16

CPL Wales n. Buschs cen e
Mr.. and Mrs. Walter Busch. ST-
az llele Pearl street. Ecorse.
vas killed last week a Axlin-
cen. Texas. whsre he was sta
Aonsd g an ambulanes attend
ant. Funeral services were
hold this afternoon a the Trim
itY Lutheran church in WYan-
dotte. Funeral arrangements
were In charge Of The II. I.
Thon Co. funeral heme.
The Wyandotte news-herald. (Wyandotte, Mich.) 1943-1963, 1944-10-16
Labor, Industry and City Leaders
Submit Bus Fare Increase Protest
Notify OPA. Michigan Public Service
Commission of Stand on Matter

Representatives of labor and industry met Thursday
night with members of the city councils from Wyandote and
RVer Rouge to discuss protest against the approaching
Great Lakes Greyhound fare increase -
formal protest of the increase was drawn IN and sinh
med to the Office of Price Administration to the Michi
gan Public Service Commission Governor Harr- Ko
The Wyandotte news-herald. (Wyandotte, Mich.) 1943-1963, 1944-10-16
Republicans viii
Meet Thursday

The Wyandotte Republican Club
viii meet Thursday night at eight
o'clock at Republican headquarters
1873 Sycamore street. All Republi-
can men are urged to attend.
The Wyandotte news-herald. (Wyandotte, Mich.) 1943-1963, 1944-10-16

NOW: SIMPSON MOTOR SALES
OFFERS you EXPERT CAR
WAS HING. GREASING AND
STEAM CLEANING. QUICK sERv-
ICE. als SYCAMORE ST. adv.
The Wyandotte news-herald. (Wyandotte, Mich.) 1943-1963, 1944-10-16
DEWEY TO SPEAK
ON TWO STATIONS

Governor Dewey's address in st.
Louis tonight viii be broadcast in
Detroit over Stations WXYZ and
WWJ from 10 to 1890 p. m.
The Wyandotte news-herald. (Wyandotte, Mich.) 1943-1963, 1944-10-16

A car, owned by Mrs. Walter
Roach of 90 Emmons boulevard,
ms stolen from Riddle avenue and
st. Johns street Thursday between
3 and p. m. The automobile wa
recovered IN River Rouge. The ksys
were missing.
The Wyandotte news-herald. (Wyandotte, Mich.) 1943-1963, 1944-10-16
......b by
strauss
gantZ
Black Sheep In A
Crowd OF Angels

TT WAS A TESTIMONIAL din
ner at Joey's Stables last Thursday
for John Mowatt, Assistant
Prosecuting Attorney. The place was
crawling with judges police
chiefs mayors and lawyers.
They had come l60 strong to
convince Gerald O'Brien that Now
at should be retained "a. even If he
did support Bowling In the primary
election.
With the exception of two news
papermen, the Stables briStled with
righteousness. They came from all
over the County to break bread
drink beer let their hair
down. It was law and order clam
bake from start to finish.
Since judges, lawyers, mayors and
police chiefs don't have expense ac-
counts the whole shindig was on a
Dutch treat basis with DOC"
Salliotte, Ecorse j. p, serving as
treasurer. 1t was a case Of $3.50 on
the line or bingo you were ar
rested defended convicted
-. jailed on the spot.
DOC" Salliotte was sitting at the
bar O.. counting the hay that was
tossed In by the gathering of right
eous saints which really should
not have been necessary 4. for,
who among this Honest john
crowd would faint the affair with
treachery2 Certainly not those two
halo wearing wing sprouting
newspepermen! The judges will have
to speak for themselves
M'gawd," shouted the Ecorse JUS
tice Of the Peace >. as he fingered
the green lettuce. There must be
crooks here tonight. Some of these
guys didn't pay me. I've been
cheated"
The Wyandotte news-herald. (Wyandotte, Mich.) 1943-1963, 1944-10-16

CASH FOR YOUR CAR
Any Make or Model. SllWc
SON. ale Sycamore 81. Adv.
The Wyandotte news-herald. (Wyandotte, Mich.) 1943-1963, 1944-10-16

08o44k
CHARLES p. HACKETT for
merly of the Navy and Gibraltar
i. !. has gone back into the news
paper business. He has taken over
the Burr Oak Acorn wherever
that n.
A new store opens on the stem this
week that sells gifts for your
mother -in-law.
The Lewis Star Store changes
managers today. Mr.. Leonard goes
70 Flint. More store manager
changes are In the wind.
Mrs. Korn sends message. Bet
Ter try one Of my pies. They're much
lighter than the cakes I bake"
One Of wyandotte's oldest stores
win be under new ownership very
soon. Watch for announcement.
When the Sixth War Loan gets
under way the theme viii be Japan
Next. Plans for the drive were
drawn IN August at which time
washington thought Germany
would be licked by November. It's
now too late to change the pub
Ncity angle.
The Republican Rally at the rOOF
Temple on Saturday had COMPETE
ton. Down the street at the WV
nan they were holding . lingo
party.
While Governor Kelly spoke -
thoH D1pubaicans . scant 80 persons
w. On hand to listen. Down the
street ut the Bingo game
they were standing in the aislea
ana everflowing the stage.
Police Gazette
LEO CTHE WOLF sIEG gen.
dar1ns extraordinary +. parked hil
jalcpy IN the downtown area -.
and upon his return found twc
pair Of shoes on the seat mems
uhoes, too. But, Honest Leo says,
TEL the owner to come and get
EN-. They don't fit"
I'd Pelarsh parked his truck ct
oo7 Seventh. The truck Is still there
-. but someone SWITCHED CSC b
tools.
st. Johns street wife may Be
charged with starving her children.
Husband calls police who report
fifth In home -. and no food.
Murisl Gucky) zerance Is still
missing from her home at 1851 Fifth
street Her parents say she disap-
peared Oct. 8. Tip to police claims
shs = driving . hot" car. She
was reported seen In watkins Stand
saturday evening.
On Y0U AT COFFEE TIME
The Wyandotte news-herald. (Wyandotte, Mich.) 1943-1963, 1944-10-16

OLD HOMESTEAD n 4 GOOD
PLACE TO LIVE sdx
The Wyandotte news-herald. (Wyandotte, Mich.) 1943-1963, 1944-10-16
Time For Predictions

WITH THE PENSION PLAN sup
posedly In effect October there are
three police posts slated for vacancy.
Lieut.. Steve Lybick, Chief of Detec-
tives Fred Schwartz and Patrolman
Phil Gauss are over the age limit
. and slated for retirement. AL
eyes are focused on the aA-impor-
t4nt detecttye post. First guessers
are already naming Joe McCrea to
fill the spot. Second guessers say
that McCrea will be passed up and
the nod will 60 to Lieutenant from
downstairs. Watch for a dark horse
The Wyandotte news-herald. (Wyandotte, Mich.) 1943-1963, 1944-10-16

sRE YoU AT COFFEE TINE.
The Wyandotte news-herald. (Wyandotte, Mich.) 1943-1963, 1944-10-16

left signs along the path which t.
ing leaves and logs could not readil
obscure.
Evening star., 1944-05-09
After Dark
News and Comment of the Night Clubs.
Trade Registered U. g. Patent once

Here they have manager to change
their thinking from hundredweight
and cubic dimensions to the prob
lens Of hiring walters and coping
with the 80 per cent tax.
Owner Garry of the Old New
Orleans is getting ready for warm
weather. Sometime toward the end
Of this month he plans to move
Sasha Lukas and his orchestra and
the Latin Quarter guests down to
the basement Sazerac room.
Kitty Mccormick has had the
kind of luck that all aspirants in
the 400 Club amateur contests hope
for. She has just signed contract
for an engagement In a Baltimore
night club.
The other night about S minutes
to closing time at the Roger Smith,
Eddie Brown and his men were
having a quiet little session of strict
ly off -the-cuff music, unhampered
by any audience except an appreci-
ative circle of mattresses and bar
men. They finished and walked
out with their instruments to the
kind of applause any musician likes
to hear.
Evening star., 1944-05-09

There are all sorts of implica-
tions in . name-the name of
night club as well as anything else.
Take Trade Winds, for instance.
It implies something tropical, with
nights that are csressing and vel
vety and starlit. That, at least,
was the sort OF thing running
through the mind of Joel Pike.
STARS" Mr.. Pike would say, I'VE
must have stars"
But when he went looking for
stars to hitch his night club to, Mr..
Pike was reminded coldly that such
things were out for the duration.
The old manufacturers of celestial
systems for such places were busy
with other, more vital, things, he
was told.
Mr.. Pike was nonplussed, but not
frustrated. He decided to make his
own night sky, an ambition which
amused his friends as much as 1t
engrossed him. Months passed and
the Trade Winds remained without
stars. But during those months Mr..
Pike was busy tinkering with such
materials as old kitchen uten-
sils, bicycle lamps, odd electrical
switches, and the like.
At long last, he had them whipped
into the shape Of stars. They now
blink down on the customers. Mr..
Pike is proud OF them and feels
that the decor atmospherizes the
Trade Winds in a fashion that
might please even Joseph Conrad.
"A hobby can keep you from
being bored. 1t can also keep you
from missing too many meals"
Chris Cross, orchestra leader in the
Roosevelt Victory Room, tapped
himself on the chest expressively.
'You are looking at one who knows"
Chris had decided to be a doctor
when, he was very young, and was
working hard at 1t, with very little
time for his hobby, music, when
sharp deficit in the family budget
changed his mind. The hobby,
which was at first just means OF
scraping by, started him on the
road to becoming a band leader,
which has left him with no quarrel
with destiny.
So, having lost a spare-time |
amusement and gained a living,
Chris uses his free moments to COM |
pose comedy sketches which he
plays occasionally for dancers in the
Victory Room.
DON Wilson, who has been doing
q stint on the piano with the Du-
bonnet room orchestra at the
Sheraton for quite some time. is
top man on the bandstand since
Eddie Fogle's departure.
Peter Arban, who, as you may
know owned a marble business for
Is years before he thought of buy
ing the Treasure Island. says that
the family founder OF the business
was his grandfather. who owned a
marble works in Europe almost 100
years ago. The American branch
is still pretty much of a family
concern, run with the help Of his
brother who is sculptor.
When Peter first opened the
Treasure Island, he transferred
three of his oldest employees from
the marble business to the club.
Evening star., 1944-05-09
Appeals Court Rules
In Hospital Death

The Court Of Appeals yesterday
held that the burden of proof that
a death was accidental rested on a
beneficiary who sued for an addi-
tional $4,000 insurance under a dou-
BILE indemnity clause.
The court held in effect that the
the lower court was wrong in in
structing the jury the insurance firm
had to prove that the death was not
accidental.
In handing down its decision, the
Appellate Court reversed and re-
manded to District Court a case in
which Mrs. Ruth v. Taylor, Annap-
oils, was awarded the extra $4,000
after her husband died of injuries
suffered in plunge down a stair
we'll at Walter Reed Hospital. The
award was made on the theory the
death was accidental. Mr.. Taylor
died in April, 1910, and the District
Court verdict was returned in De-
cember. 1912.
The insurance firm, the New York
Life Insurance Co., was represented
by Attorneys r. Aubrey Bogley,
Frederic D. McKenney and others.