davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1944-05-23
Judicial Experiment

Magistrate J. Roland Sala Of
Brooklyn is trying an experiment in
the administration of justice which
is as interesting as it is unorthodox.
A petty neighborhood squabble
had resulted in a woman bringing
a disorderly conduct complaint
against man. She agreed to
withdraw the charge, however, if
the man would contribute $25 to the
Red Cross.
The man said he had no money,
but offered to give a pint of blood
instead. The woman refused this
offer, and the mans attorney said
that he would make it two pints.
When the complainant declined this
proposal, the magistrate suggested
that she donate the third pint, and
offered to give the fourth pint him
self. This was satisfactory and the
four Of them went to the donation
center, with the result that the Red
Cross is better of by four pints of
blood and the complainant and de-
fendant have parted amicably.
Magistrate Sala thinks he has hit
upon a pretty good plan for ham
ding the multitude of nuisance
cases that come into court-a plan
which, incidentally. would increase
the list of blood donors by many
thousands If it should be generally
applied. The sticklers for correct
judicial procedure may balk at the
scheme, but great many other
people will be inclined to think that
the Brooklyn magistrate has got
som hing
Evening star., 1944-05-23
Singing Out the Flaws

Many years of work on annual
District appropriation bills have
given Representative Karl Stefan of
Nebraska an intimate knowledge of
local affairs which one might wish
could be more fully shared among
the members who exercise exclusive
legislative control of this Capital.
For II more of his colleagues could
have the benefit of his own close
observation of District Federal re-
lationships in governing the Capital,
there would be fewer of those in
equities which he singled out for
discussion in his interview in The
Sunday Star.
MIR. Stefan does not criticize his
colleagues on the Appropriation
Committee; in fact, he finds much
to commend in their efforts to re-
port an appropriation bill which
represents, as nearly as it is pos
sible, the wishes of the local tax
payers as interpreted by the Com
missioners. The inequities which
he mentions require an understand
ing and a sympathetic desire for
correction on the part of Congress
as a whole. Congress, for instance,
evidently did not anticipate the
grossly unfair condition which has
developed gradually in recent
years-the supply of free water, at
District taxpayers expense, to the
vast new Federal establishment
which has developed across the river
in Virginia. That condition merely
perpetuates and magnifies an in
equity which developed years ago
in the District as an offshoot of
other inequities. 1t is so involved
now that its removal requires an
entirely new approach to water sys-
tenn financing, requiring action be-
yond the scope of an appropriation
bill.
Free tuition in the public schools
for Virginia and Maryland residents,
the inequitable division of National
Zoo expenses, the curious division
of costs of the Federal courts, the
steady increase in the amount of
tax-exempt, Federal-owned prop
erty within the fixed boundaries
of the District-these and other
matters mentioned by Mr.. Stefan
urgently require correction. Yet
they remain as the result OF an
inertia resulting as much from lack
of interest and understanding as
from any unwillingness to correct
them. Mr.. Stefan performs pub
lie service in singing them out for
discussion.
Evening star., 1944-05-23

to pay to maintain big Army and Navy.
They are committed to help rehabilitate
war-torn countries and our Allies. They
are committed to muster-out payments
to the armed forces, along with hos
pitalization. Indeed, It has been esti-
mated the Federal Governments ex-
penditures will continue, after peace, at
q rate Of from $18, ,000. .000, 900 to $50 ,00o,.
100000 year.
Suppose" said Mr.. Carlson, I'VE let
some Of our professional business bait
ers have their way about taxing pri-
vate industry. Suppose rates which
now range up to 95 per cent are car
ried over into the postwar period" He
pointed out that this would make 1t
impossible for business-of all kinds
to spread out and make up the gap
which will come when Government
contracts stop. Without the actual
production Of goods and their sale,
there will be too little on which the
people may lve-and certainly too little
with which to meet the tax burden.
"Our national policy in taxation" Mr..
Carlson said, "as well as In other mat
ters, must clearly encourage our people
to depend upon themselves first and
upon Government second. - One Of
our greatest contributions to the future
peace Of the world can be to put our
own financial house in order"
~
He put forward Q six-point program
which, he contended, would help meet
the postwar financial situation. First
on the list was = proposal for stimu-
lated civilian production, freed of gov
ernmental control. Farms, factories,
mills, everything, must earn money II
taxes are to be paid. They will haye
no income to tax, no money to pay
wages, II Government continues "di-
receives, regulations, priorities and con-
f1Scatory taxes"
Second, small companies must be
spared at least part of the tax respon-
sibilities Of established concerns until
they are on sound footing. Third, the
flow Of capital into productive industry
must be encouraged-by allowing proper
earnings. Fourth, an incentive tax
program" must be evolved, with further
simplification of the tax structure.
Fifth, improvement of the administra-
ton Of the tax laws-with far less cost
to Government and private citizen
Sixth, an intelligent tax levy which will
not reach point of diminishing re-
turns-or 60 beyond Is per cent of the
national income
Evening star., 1944-05-23

Serb Quislings and Croat "Ustachi'
nationalists. Moslems and the alien
minorities engaged In a furious
struggle against one another as we'll
as for or against the Germans. King
Peter and his government-in-exile
have stood for the monarchy and
Serb primacy. Tito and his Parti-
sans have revolutionary program
OF radical economic and social
change coupled with looser political
federalism. The internal situation
is so confused that the true picture
Is hard to visualize. If, under such
circumstances, harmony could be
achieved, it would be little short of
miraculous. But seeming miracles
sometimes do occur in the lives of
nations and peoples. At least, it is
being tried.
Evening star., 1944-05-23
Vital Hidden Armv
By Maj. Georae Fieldine Eliot

Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower's instrllc-
tions to the underground forces in oc-
cupied Europe seem to emphasize the
great Importance which these forces
may have in helping the invasion, es-
pecially in helping our air-borne forces.
We have already seen in Burma what
air-borne troops can do under condi-
tions when the enemy air opposition is
well-nigh negligible. This will not be
the case in Europe. The Luftwaffe Is
badly battered, but 1t is certainly ac-
cumulating planes for desperate fight
when the invasion actually begins. The
German air command is gambling; the
stake they are throwing on the board
is the damage which may be done by
our bombers because of lack of German
fighter defense, as against the results
the Germans may obtain by conserving
their fighters for resisting the invasion
One of the tasks for which the Ger
man fighters will be called upon will
be to resist our air-borne attacks. 1t
is therefore all the more necessary that
we should have accurate information
as to the German dispositions, as to
the location of likely airfields, and as
to every detail of enemy preparation
within the areas in which our air-borne
troops are going to operate.
X X
Obviously in order to use air-borne
troops in any large numbers, and with
any sort of heavy equipment, we must
first have airfelds. To get airfields,
we must have soldiers on the ground
to kill the German guards and to free
the field of obstacles, and thereafter to
guard it until our troop-carrying planes
and gliders can come in. 1t will not
be easy to do this by means of landing
forces; it may be desirable to seize air.
fields far behind the coast line during
the first stages of an attack. This can
be done only by parachutists; and
against enemy air opposition, it can
probably be done only under favorable
conditions Of visibility-that is, at night,
or at least during the hours of morn
ing or evening twilight.
That means that when the para
chutists hit the ground they will need
lot Of help as to local conditions.
However we'll they may have been
briefed by their intelligence officers,
they will still need guides, local infor-
nation and direction. The under
ground can be Of the utmost value in
this respect; indeed, Information re-
Evening star., 1944-05-23

ceived from UNDERGROUND sources will
make the original briefing far more
useful than it otherwise might be. 1t
Is not idly that Gen. Eisenhower tells
the underground:
I'm no more valuable way can your
help be given than by information about
the enemy. . = Let nothing escape
you. Pool your knowledge. Observe
more and more closely. ="
X X
Imagine the captain of q company
OF parachutists who has just been
dropped on a dusk-shrouded field in
France. Somewhere ahead of him
there is an airfield toward which his
company and two other companies to
his right and left are supposed to con-
verge. He has map, he knows the
route he is TO take. Runners come up
from his platoon leaders, report the
platoons moving forward according to
plan. Then two more figures appear
in the semidarkness.
Sir, this man says he is a member
OF the French underground with i'm
portant information" The Frenchman
gives the Identification formula, and
tells the captain: about 300 German
troops moved from the village of x an
hour ago and took up positions cover
ing the bridge at point 345, with ma
chine guns commanding the road and
mortars posted at the edge of the
wood at this position" pointing to the
map.
The captain makes some hasty CAL
culations, sends the runners racing to
the platoon leaders with new orders.
Without the underground he would
have run into trap. With it, he is
able to outflank the Germans and take
them by surprise.
This is merely one of the ways in
which the underground can help our
invading forces. Their help may make
a great deal of difference. Indeed, in
many cases, it may make the difference
between success and failure.
(Copyright, 1914, BY New York Trthune)
Evening star., 1944-05-23
YuqosIuv ImbroqIio

youthful King Peters drastic
shakeup of his cabinet, highlighted
by the removal of General Mikhail-
ovitch as Minister of War, represents
a desperate attempt to heal the fac
tional riffs that are tearing his
unfortunate country to tatters and
to broaden the present government
in-exile into a genuine coalition
regime for united prosecution of the
war of liberation against the Ger
mans and their Balkan satellites.
Allied pressure doubtless is partly
responsible for the experiment. But
its success, while eminently desir-
able, appears dubious in face of the
obstacles that must be overcome.
Yugoslavia is probably the tough
est national problem in all Europe
which is saying a great deal. 1t
was an outstanding instance of
nation building undertaken at the
peace settlement which closed the
First World War. Yugoslavia means
Land of the South Slavs." The
western half of the Balkan PENN
sula is Inhabited mainly by this
group. kindred in blood and speech
but historically separated from one
another by differences of religion,
culture and outlook. The main line
of division is that between the Serbs
with their Greek Orthodox faith,
their Byzantine culture and their
background of long subjection to the
Turks on the one hand, and on the
other hand the Croat-Slovenes, who
got their religion and culture from
the Latin West and lived for CEN
turies under the Hapsburg Empire.
But there are still other groupings
like the large Mohammedan minor
tty in Bosnia Herzegovina, the Dali
matians of the Adriatic coast with
their legacy of Italian influence, and
the Macedonians who are partly
Bulgarian. Besides these genuine
Yugoslavs there are various alien
minorities-Magyar, German, Alba
nian, Bulgar and TurkiSh-further
to complicate the problem.
Obviously, the highest good will
and statemanship would have been
needed to weld this complex popula-
ton into spiritually united nation
state. Above all, time was needed.
But time was lacking. Less than a
quarter-century after its founding,
Yugoslavia was thrown into the
cauldron of the Second World War,
and the event proved that its diverse
elements had not yet "jelled." So
teiay we see Partisans and Chetniks,
Evening star., 1944-05-23
Boy in School
Bv David Laurence

Behind his book he hears the dro,psy
humning,
The sound OF honey bees ,Dith dusty
i1ingS
Out in old man Ronreys field of clover
Beyond the fence, and mdrpels at the
things
That gro,Dnup folk sets store BY. neper
learning
The little roads porn smooth by tiny
feet,
Nor the barefoot teel OF smoke balls in
meadow,
Nor tang of Wild strawberries, cool
and s1Deet
They neper hid deep in q tern dark
hollo,o
TO match the secret wuy q ground
squirrel took,
Nor learned that fragrant scent of
Young May apples
Was something nerer found In any
book.
He dreamed OF the SWIMMING hole be-
meath the tDillotos,
Blue-0reen In the changing, dappled
shade,
And large black print across his third
grade reader
Became the small, moist tracks
Ynccoon made.
ALMA Robson HIGBEE.
Evening star., 1944-05-23
The Political Mill
By Gould Lincoln

Thirty-eight per cent OF Americas In
come goes today for taxes. The Federal
Government will collect, In round num-
bers, $45, ,000, 600 900 from the people and
business in 1914. This is more taxes in
volume and more per capita than any
nation under the sun is paying or has
paid.
What a people can and will stand in
wartime Is one thing. What 1t can and
will stand in peacetime is quite another.
It behooves the administration and Con-
gress to give the postwar fiscal policies
of the Government attention, immediate
attention, In the opinion of Representa-
tive Carlson, Republican, Of Kansas, a
member Of the House Ways and Means
Committee.
Congress has just put through q So
called tax simplification bill, designed to
make 1t easier for the taxpayers with in
comes up to 5000. It does not reduce
their taxes, but they are permitted to
make simplifed tax return. OF the
$4,000 600 individual income taxpayers,
10000 900 are relieved Of the necessity of
filing regular income tax return and of
ascertaining their tax. They merely an
swer three or four questions on the back
OF the Withholding receipt, now fur
nished to employees by their employers.
Mr.. Carlson pointed out that the bud
get Of the Federal Government this year
is $104, ,000, 900 900, mostly for war pur-
poses. In other words, Government ex-
penditures will be more than double the
Government income from taxation. It
Is borrowing the difference. He esti-
mated, as others do, q total national
debt Of $500 900 900 900 when the war
comes to an end.
With peace, Government expenditures
will drop of tremendo dously-but not all
at once. With peace, also, the national
income will drop of, too. The billions
which Government has been pouring
into war industries of all kinds will be
greatly reduced. Taxes and the rest of
the Governments fiscal policies must be
SO arranged as to give industry and the
people chance to move over from war
economy to peace economy. II this is
not done, the people will face terrible
period OF imitation or debt reputation or
both.
Not only will the American people face
the interest and retirement charges on a
$500 000, 900 debt-the interest charges
alone may run to $4,000, ,000, ,O00-but they
will be faced with much higher level
of Government expenditures for peace
time than in the past. They will have
Evening star., 1944-05-23
This Changing World
By Constantine Broom

In full dress session Of the House
OF Commons this week, Prime Minister
Churchill and Foreign Secretary An
thony Eden win give the English peo-
pie and the world . glimpse Of what
has been decided at the important i'm
perial conference and also Britain's 90.
sition after the war Is over.
The two British statesmen are ex.
pected to deal mostly with the pattern
Of the postwar world and the desira-
binty OF close political, military and
economic cooperation among the big
three, who have now concentrated In
their hands the bulk Of the economic.
political and military power of the en-
tire world.
Nothing will be said, Of course, about
peace conference after the Reich has
been defeated. In most well-informed
Washington quarters there Is q strong
belief that after the European branch
OF the Axis has surrendered there will
be no need for peace conference SINH
lar to that at Versailles after the World
War ended.
The fate Of Germany and her satel-
lites has been definitely settled. OF
course, various committees will be
formed to take into consideration the
wishes and desires of minor members
Of the United Nations, particularly con-
corning territorial compensations from
Axis countries to compensate for some
territorial cessions they may have to
make to other members Of the United
Nations. This will be particularly true
in regard to Poland, which Premier
Stain has suggested should be given q
slice of Germany-East Prussia-as
compensation for the territories Russia
is determined to take into the Soviet
Union.
Britain realizes that certain eco
nomic and political period of chaos Is
bound to follow the defeat Of the Reich
despite the emergency measures which
are now being pre1areded in Washing
ton and London.
The British government has been In
full collaboration with the United States
in an attempt to make this period as
short as possible. Following the same
trend Of thought, some Of the problems
which are bound to arise between Amer
lea and Britain, particularly In connec-
ton with the thorny communications
question, are now being worked out by
British and American committees.
Prime Minister Churchill is fully aware
Evening star., 1944-05-23
Freedoms Fifth Column

In inaugurating series of opera
tional orders" to the peoples of oc-
cupied Europe, General Eisenhower's
headquarters has placed new
strain upon the enemy's nerves. AS
a starter, in powerful and impress
sive oss-Channel radio broadcasts,
the Danes, the Norwegians, the Bel
gians, the Dutch and the French
have been admonished to begin at
once to observe all Nazi military
movements as closely as possible
and to gather detailed information
about roads, rivers, bridges, ETC.,
likely to be of use to our invading
armies.
The reaction of the Nazis to this
new development has been immedi-
ate and reflects a considerable de-
gree of worry. Thus, speaking over
the Vichy radio through the mouth
of Philippe Henriot, Laval's infor-
nation minister, they have threat
ened terrible and bloody reprisals"
against Frenchmen who help us in
any way. "The Allied invasion, +"
according to this warning, lis a
gamble and its success is very open
to question" and everybody will be
wise, therefore, not to listen to
General Eisenhower. Undoubtedly
this sort of thing will be drummed
into the ears of Hitlers victims
from now until the invasion takes
place and for as long after that as
the Goebbels propaganda machine
can operate.
Nazi concern in this respect is
thoroughly understandable. Ger
many is completely surrounded by
a vast army of Europeans whose
main interest in life Is to see Hitler
and his system destroyed. Indeed
at this moment, within the Reich
itself, there are millions of nom
Germans who are eagerly waiting
for the day of our liberating invas-
ion. Potentially, all these people
are the equivalent of many armed
divisions already landed on the con-
tinent to aid our Allied cause, and
now that General Eisenhower q
headquarters has begun to address
Evening star., 1944-05-23
The Spots Remain

Inc electlOn OF Earl BrOWder as
president of the Communist Politi-
cal Association will not come as a
breath-taking surprise to any one
who has followed the maneuverings
OF the American Communists.
The Communist Political Associa-
ton is the old Communist party
under another name. It had been
found, according to Mr.. Browder,
that the organization of Commu-
nists as political party was an
obstacle" to that whole hearted
collaboration in the working out of
American problems in the American
way, which is so dear to the heart
of a Communist. Hence, the party
is disbanded and the political asso-
citation emerges.
Curiously enough, however. there
are many points of resemblance. The
members of the association are the
same persons who were members of
the party. All of the members OF
the governing body of the old party
are members and majority of the
new national committee. And now
Mr.. Browder, general secretary of
the party and twice its presidential
candidate, has the good fortune to
be elected president of the new as
sociation.
To complete the record, two real
changes should be noted. In ad-
dressing the convention, Mr.. Browder
began with Ladies and Gentle
men" instead Of the more familiar
Comrades" Second, the new and
somewhat larger national commit
tee includes five more or less promi-
nent trade union officials, where
only one had served on the govern
ing body of the old party. Mr..
Browder said this constituted a
"timid step" in drafting trade
unionists to the committee which
will be expanded in the future.
Despite these minor changes, how
ever, the Communist organization
remains substantially as 1t was. For
the moment they are 100 per cent
behind President Roosevelt and
fervently in favor of an all-out
prosecution of the war. Yet, as the
New York Times recalls, they are
the same men who, in 1910, adopted
a Communist party platform which
said:
Combat the imperialist acts and
policies of the President. = - No aid
to the imperialist warmakers in
London. Oppose all war loans
and credits to the warning imperialist
powers. Stop the sale and Ship
ment of munitions to the belliger-
ents. Resist the militarization
and armaments program Of the ad-
ministration and Congress. - = Not
cent, not gun, not man for war
preparations and the imperialist war.
That was when Russia, under its
nonaggression pact, was a de facto
partner of Nazi Germany. Now that
Russia is at war with Germany the
American Communists have adopted
a new line and changed their name.
But the spots remain the same.
Evening star., 1944-05-23

The one nice thing about every
body not knowing anything about
the time of the coming invasion is
that nobody knows more than any,
body else. How refreshing it is, at
long last, to be able to feel that the
experts are as poorly informed as
the rest OF us. A great leveler,
Ignorance