davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1944-12-09

may call the Seldom-Seen South.
And the Other South.
The first is the typical" or ro-
manticized South. 1t is bounded at
one end by such familiar political
types as the Rankins and Bilbos,
by O'Daniel, Mcclellan and Cotton
Ed" Smith. And at the other by
Jeeter Testers tribe OF hook
wormy sharecroppers. These figures
move against a dream-world back
drop compounded OF crinolines out
OF Gone With the Wind" cabins
in the cotton, pickaninnies on the
levee and pillared verandas peopled
with goateed males and luscious,
dark-eyed gals, slipping juleps in
frosted cups The whole picture Is
vaguely animated with young (and
ODD hot-bloods and saturated with
the scene OF nepenthic magnolias.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1944-12-09
UNKNOWN SOUTH
THE REAL SOUTH

And then there Diher
South. which is simy this
world. II is. neverth real
South-in numbers. soul.
This is the unknown : and to
the South that is kn0v that is
visible and vocal. Il bears the same
relation that the part of the ice
berg that is below the surface bears
10 the part you see. II is the bulk.
II is the mass. II is the people.
II Is not seen because il does not
enter the light of American de-
mocracy. II Is not heard because
il has no voice. For these reasons
il is not apprehended.
This Other South is eight times
the size of the Southern electorate,
OF which the nation sometimes Is
made aware. II is made up OF
whites and Negroes. but mainly
whites. II has no press. no spokes-
men. no representation in govern
ment. II is not responsible for those
pompous misrepresentation of "the
South" II did not send them to
Washington. II does not keep them
there. II had nothing whatever to
do with it. II is-of this at least
innocent. since. politically. ii Is
mute and helpless. II is mute be-
cause for the past fifty years It's
voice has been choked on by the
vote tax and IL is helpless because
without a vote Il lacks the means
(short Of violence) Of restoring IT.
SELF to the walks OF political ex-
istence.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1944-12-09
THE WEEKLY DIGEST
THE OTHER SOUTH 1.-The Unknown South

South. though II partskes Of II,
and. no doubt, affords a watered-
down reflection Of 1t. Certainly II
is not the South Everybody Knows.
Most Of IL never saw julep. much
less q belle in crinoline Except in
Gone With tho Wind. It's politics
are conventional rather than con-
sentative. The spokesman IL sends
into government often--out by no
means always-turn out to be
mouthpieces for The corny kind Of
reaction and II indulgently puts up
with their backwardness, their
bullheadedness and bluster. Then.
blissfully. on election day. IL re-
pudiates them. II reflects them
oftener than not. but gives its
overwhelming support TO p~ogres-
sive national candidates
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1944-12-09
CLUES TO THIS
~OTHER SOUTH

Have We no clue then 70 this
Other South, this America ire
denta in the bosom OF America?
There are several. The election re-
turns which periodically scramble
the neat picture of ''the reactionary
South" is one. In these decisions
we have seen how even the skinny
electorate that survives IL the
midst Of the people breaks through
the predictions Of the wiseacres
and the big talk OF the so-called
political leaders" TO approve ma
tional political. social and educa-
tional progress.
! And sinca thasa manifestations
occur despite the tax on voting
which is the instrument OF reaction
an instrument designed TO win
now from the electorate all save
the rich, the wise and the good
1T reasonably may be assumed
that the Other South. cut of from
the political life by this instrument
would appear. il il could show It.
self. on the left Of center.
We have q hint. for what II Is
worth. in the Gallup survey taken
in the South between the party
conventions, where the results OF a
sampling OF preference for possible
Democratic nominees for Vice
President indicated that Wallace
was wanted by IS per cent Of the
Southern people.
And finally We have the strong
presumption (becauSe nothing else
makes sense) that the Other South.
which Is the sres. majority Of the
people. would junk the infamous
poll tax in ar instsn. II II could get
at Il: for no people since the be-
ginning OF history has ever enjoyed
having no voice in creating lis own
circumstances and no hand in the
shaping OF its times.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1944-12-09
RACIAL COMMITTEES
BY LESTER B. GRANGER
CONDENSED from SURVEY Craphjc)


. made OF racial
Inerracal committees have sprung In all parts Of the
United States during the past Is months They been
appointed by and they been formed
by educational scientific and social ORGANIZATIONS they
have Of gatherings people deeply
concerned about wartime morale
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1944-12-09

GAN FRANCISCO. - II seems only yesterday
~ that one lone Negro was trying 10 get job
as q motorman on the trolley cars ~ this city.
He applied and was accepted, but the union
tAFL) would not permit its men to instruct him.
He fought and fought. The newspapers told the
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1944-12-09

communities in many industrial cities, but the
principal drive was made by the ClO Political
Action Committee and its affiliated organization
the National Citizens P.A.C. Thousands of vol
unteers were enlisted to canvass the neighbor-
hoods Outstanding Negro leaders Endorsed the
President and worked for his reelectio through
the National Citizens P.AC. Although the two
Negro papers with the largest circulation went
over to the Republicans. there was articulate and
loyal support from more progressive publica-
tons. including two which for many years had
supported only Republican candidates.
PRESIDENT CAN FIGHT
FOR DEMOCRACY
Now that il has been demonstrated that the
Negro vote was essential to the Presidents vic
tory, Negro and progressive organizations will
undoubtedly intensity the drive TO eliminate Jim
Crow from all phases of American life. No longer
faced with the need for appeasing the reactionary
elements which thrive on race hatred, President
Roosevelt is in a position 10 make an aggressive
fight for a wholesome. sll-inclusive dem ocrscy in
which the rights and privileges Of no American
are abridged by of class color, race creed,
or national origin. In such fight he may sntici-
pate the support not only Of Negroes and other
minority groups but of the progressive forces
In organized labor. the real liberals in the South
and North. and forwsrd-looking religious leaders
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1944-12-09

-. or RATS AND MEN ...
OATS KILL fourteen Detroiters during 1914,
~ stated Department of Health report carried
by the Detroit Free Press. Twelve OF the four
teen who were killed (by ratsY lived on the fol-
lowing streets: Hastings, e. Palmer, Woodward,
Winder. Temple. w. Kirby, Brewster, w. Phila-
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1944-12-09
BY JENNINGS PERRY
Chairman, National Committee to Abolish the Poll Tax
(Condensed From the NJ. Y. Tjmesl

Several of this political notably the defeat
of Eston D. ("Coon Ed) Smith of South Carolina after
thys In the United States Senate have lifted the
of the South in the Washington show window where
purely facevaue seems to count much 1t is true that
Gene Cox OF Georgia and John Rankin Of Mississippi will
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1944-12-09
ELECTION TIME
SOUTH

There is another South that man
ages 20 reach public notice quad
rennially-when the nation cleo
tons come around. II is small
company of the people, but il exists.
II has substance. II is not the real
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1944-12-09

AeSS O. S"A WV Va oPOhS0hCOs
concerned about wartime mo
These committees are the result
Of the American public's new and
impressive concern with the social
threat involved in racial hostility.
There are no figures available as
to the number Of committees
formed since the beginning Of last
years riots. There are probably
several hundred. most OF them un-
known 10 a central recruiting group
and many of them unaware OF any
national interest.
Dr.. Charles S. johnson of Fisk
university has listed 102 formally
organized groups. or these, II have
been appointed by state governors,
l6 by mayors, and 90 have come
together voluntarily without Official
sponsorship. Some Of these commit
tees antedate the war but have
been revitalized by the urgent ra-
cial problems Of the past eighteen
months.
NO OVERALL PROGRAM
IN NATION
This very diversity Of structure
and detectives shows how far the
nation Is from an overall program
for interracial equality and good
will. Community leadership is still
fumbling. earnestly or half
heartedly. at various approaches
and methods.
But the structure, stated purpose,
and types of activities of these new
committees can be fairly assessed.
and TO obtain this information the
writer addressed a Questionnaire
TO the l02 interracial groups re-
ferred to earlier. From 81 came
replies to questions regarding deri-
vation Of committee authority, OBJ
jectives. frequency and type Of
meetings. staf. accomplishments.
and plans for relieving racial ten.
sions" To the data thus gathered.
the writer has added information
gained from his field visits to diff.
ferent parts Of The country since
last years riots. and from reports
Of local Urban League secretaries.
LITTLE DYNAMIC
LTADERSHIP POUND
Interracial membership Is a
characteristic Of all Of he commit
tees reporting-thoush Dallas
Texas carefully avoids the term
.am.;..a. a,;Nr.;aIs ~ 80,
az. na.s,..Sa az 80, 80
S.- - Wn.ro az r,h;.s r.r,h.-,
NJ, - .err,;,,..s .hou, : tond.
49, o.. a. ...-Ss.;... -, .sN =.
$4,000 a.hs ~ .sr.;t
-. s,hs~. -. .has., o,,i. o.,
th.;r rnrr,,r;tx ,rrms,r. thcv ~,
vsrv srt ~ .Tx .vsv f,c,r m,
dsc;A.div i;h.rsI rcs,tic.s ~, r,,.c
Hons al rsce SGnnS eouo1n] So
have tsken ,,ains "a trci,,0e 49,
LEADER. There h usually IA Owe
heavy proportion OF minister. d
cial workers physicians. md law
yers. Generally speaking. commi.
tee membership Ia eminently re
spectacle. but not remarkable 70
qualities OF dynamic leadership.
There is Considerable variation I,
the method OF Committee orsanixa
ton and the extent of authorit,
among both Official and voluntar,
bodies A few state committee
have legislative sanction: most d,
not. Similarly, few municipal com
mittees have city council endorse
ment. The great majority of officia
committee. have inadequate work
ing budgets. Voluntary committee.
generally also are short OF fund
and while their members may b.
drawn from special interest groups
they seldom are autnorlzeo 10 spear
ioi sne spes .. 49, a. .ssr,
~ e N,'.s ~ |,
I-asa "a i ess !. ~ .. i.
ee.,is ny. -. .s u,;.. @ s.D. ~
oiiS.ai SouIiiii1'scs' "iuAoos - He.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1944-12-09
MAYORS COMMITTEES
LESS EFFECTIVE

Mayors committees, for the most
part, have been more hastily and
less effectively organized than the
agencies created by state governors
In several cities they seem 10 have
been IN MAYORS method Of passing
on to some hapless group the pres
sure exerted cpon his ONCE for
action in racial emergencies.
This is not true Of Chicago. where
Mayor Kelly has backed his Com
mittee Race Relations. secured
'unds and inferential approval for
il from the city council. and d.
rected the heads of city depart
ments 10 appear a. public hearings
called by the committee al city
hall The improvement OF race re-
lations Is thus officially tied with
other phases Of Chicaso's postwar
planning
In Detroit. there was equal pub
tic impotence with the slow pace
set by the mayors inie-racial COM
nittee.
Since the mayors committee r. .
municipal agency. u has ready &C.
cess 10 all city departments. With
. small budget and stan and with
Detroit pelitics In . hectic state.
II treads softly the marrow path
between vested political interest
and insistent demand from special
interest groups The committee
seems torn between tws impulses
--er the one hand. 10 publicise rs-
cisi problems and proposals. fer
their solution. and on the ether 10
avoid "tnfiammatory treatment" %
stiii dangerous situation. LEGAL
leaders werriediy admit that DE
troit 10 str dynamite" and that last
years grim experience may Be re-
pested because few fundamental
factors have been corrected.
The MAYORS committee has slim
uls.ed progress on . housing prof.
Get for Negroes but II has not
tseksl We ksus Of intsrracial o.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1944-12-09

ocrats. They revived and circulated the Khan
smear against Senator Truman.
Evening star., 1944-12-11
u. ). Raiders Strike
At Jap Targets From
Secret Base in China
By the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
FORWARD UNITED STATES
AIR BASE IN CHINA, Dec. 8 De-
layed Brig. Gen. Clinton D. Vim
cents eastern wing of the United
States l4th Air Force struck from
mystery base today in a vengeful
commemoration of Pearl Harbor.
At Hong Kong Psi fighters sank
an Akikaze class destroyer 1,2l5
tons), and a 500-foot transport and
probably sank two large freighters
and damaged three others. They
destroyed three planes at Kaitak
airfield near Kowloon.
At Marking the fighters destroyed
at least Is enemy planes in the air
and on the ground at Mingkukung
and Taichaiocahu airdromes and
hit two large railway ferries used to
haul trains across the Yangtze.
This was one of the greatest days
for the l4th Air Force despite its
loss of its most important eastern
bases in China. Operation reports
called the results a super jackpot"
achieved on the anniversary of Pearl
Harbor, December in the Orient.
Eleven P-5ls. led by 1t. Col. Ed
ward o. McComas, Winfield, Kans.,
a squadron chief, took off early in
the day and flew over Hong Kong
p-bombing ships at anchor.
During the attack they spotted the
destroyer of Hong Kong and put
1t on the agenda for the afternoon.
Returning to base, Col. McComas
and his Wingman refueled, reloaded
Evening star., 1944-12-11
Sentry Stops 4 Escaped Nuzis
Trying to Get Awuy in Bomber
By the Associatsd press.

Ey the Associated Press.
LEIGH, LANCASTER, England,
Dec. 11.-Four German prisoners Of
war who escaped from a camp near
here Saturday night sneaked into
an American Air Force base, climbed
into Marauder bomber and had
started its engines for an escape
flight to Germany before they were
overpowered and captured by a
sentry.
The noise of the engines and the
gleam of a match in the darkened
nose of the bomber attracted the
sentry, Pvt. Arthur Seher, military
policeman from Putnam, Okla, as
he was walking his beat.
He approached the plane quietly
in the dark and when he saw a pair
Of feet jutting from the bomb bay,
he challenged the man. The other
three were experimenting with the
controls by the light of a match.
Il pulled my gun and ordered
them OUT Pvt Seher said.
After short struggle with the
three, who were armed with a Com
mando knife and kitchen fork, he
marched them off for delivery to-
British authorities.
The prisoners were wearing Brit
ish trousers and German uniform
jackets. Three of them claimed to
be flyers.
When I asked them in my broken
Evening star., 1944-12-11
Japs Confirm Death
OF Chief Of Naval
Forces on 5aipan
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press
Tokyo belatedIy announced today
the death of Vice Admiral Chiuchi
Nagumo, supreme commander OF
Japanese naval forces In action on
Saipan Island July Z, raising to "a
the number of Japanese admirals
listed as lost since May 7.
The death of Nagumo was an
nounced by Admiral Chester w
Nimitz on July l3.
Nagumo directed the attack on
Pearl Harbor and Midway. He was
identified by Admiral Nimitz as the
japanese naval commander in chief
in the Central Pacific.
Tokyo also raised to 1S the num-
ber OF generals whose deaths have
been listed since May %.
The death of Admiral Nagumo
was given out in a Domei broad
cast recorded by the Associated
Press which said:
THE Navy Ministry today off,
cially announced that Vice Admiral
Chiuchi Nagumo, supreme COM
mander of the Japanese naval
forces who was killed in action on
Saipan Island in July of this year
has been posthumously raised in
rank to full admiral"
A previous broadcast had listed
six more japanese admirals and
a general
Recorded by the Federal Com
munications Commission, the broad
cast disclosed the deaths in report
ing the 25th grant of Imperial hon.
ors to navy officers and men who
were either killed in action or died
of illness in the greater East Asia
war"
Last week Yokosuka naval station
reported the deaths of l3 other
admirals.
The admirals who died, Domei
said, were Vice Admirals Hunju
Izaki and Teruo Akiyama and Rear
Admirals Hidehisa Iwagami, Takeji
Miyasaki, Shinki Nakaoka and SEN
kichi Amano. 1t was not disclosed
how they died The dead general
was Maj. Gen. Tsuneo Iwabuchi, who
performed brilliantly and daringly
during the attack on Hong Kong as
well as the campaigns in Southern
Sumatra and Guadalcanal.'
Special mention was made of Vice
Admiral Izaki. Domei said he com.
manded a destroyer squadron cred.
tied with sinking two enemy cruiser,
and setting another cruiser ablaze il
night battle of Kolombangara,
an island in the Solomons group.
Evening star., 1944-12-11

not say that workers who make un-
authorized shifts from essential Jobs
would be lnducted. 1t only instructed
that the worker be reclassified as
available for service.
The draft spokesman said the new
regulations will hit hardest at the
men in the over-30 age group, since
draft boards had dealt most len
iently with them. Unless they actu-
ally were in such nonessential Jobs
as selling soft drinks, tending bar
or making book, he explained, they
were granted occupational defer
ments.
He added there also were lots of
men" in the $3.50 age bracket who
had been shifting from shipbuilding
to aircraft to foundries. In that age
group. men must be necessary" on
the job, but their skills made them
necessary and they kept their defer
mentS in one plant after another.
Every shift, however, he explained,
created a disturbance in the labor
force.
Must Notify Boards.
"If a man shifts now he makes
himself vulnerable to the draft b.
that act alone, regardless of his
order number, since the boards will
be fishing for men wherever they
can find them,' the draft spokesman
declared.
He said there would oe 10 change
in the definition of essential sctivi-
ties. He indicated that if q man
has been given an occupational de-
ferment he will keep it unless he
shifts out of the job for which lie
was deferred.
Evening star., 1944-12-11
Big Counteroffensive in 1945
PIonnedb by Nuzis, London Hears

THE new rockets are impossible
to stop at their source, as they are
manufactured in vast underground
factories" the Daily Mirror said in
a dispatch from Brussels. Their
sites are smaller than buzz bomb
sites, and infinitely more mobile
V-2s have been fired from a city
square, roadWays and small clear
ings in the woods. Next day the
men who fired them move on
Reports from neutral countries
place Germany's fighter plane pro-
duction at $500 craft month
despite the Allied aerial onslaught
A report from the front inside
Germany says that the enemy has
found way to dim out" his artil-
lery, reducing the flash of 105-mm.
gun to that of pistol. If sub
stantiated, this would give the foe
an important means of hiding his
artillery concentrations.
The Germans still have a lot of
fight left in them" said the London
Herald, but declared that the enemy
manpower shortage and Allied air
superiority are factors operating
against the NaZiS.
Evening star., 1944-12-11
William ". Muir, 66, Dies
After Iona Illness

William W. Muir, 66. of 1926 Yuma
street NV, butcher here for 1S
years, died yesterday at his home
after long illness.
Mr.. Muir, native of Westmore-
land County, Va, came here in 1922
For the next Is years he was en-
ployed as butcher in the Safeway
and A. & P. stores.
He is survived by his widow, Mrs.
Lucy English Muir; one son, Joseph
E. Muir, U. S. N, now overseas; a
daughter, Mrs. Ethel M. Dameron,
and granddaughter, both of Wash
ington.
Funeral services will be held at 2
pm. tomorrow at Carmel Methodist
Church, Carmel, Va. Burial will be
in Carmel.
Evening star., 1944-12-11
BY the Associated Press.


LONDON, Dec. 11--Reports reach
ing London from many sources indi-
cate that Germany is gathering
her forces-including two new v
weapons and new type of sub
marine-for 1945 counteroffenSive
which she hopes may turn the tide
of the war.
Two enemy V-weapons-the flying
bomb and the rocket bomb-already
are in use and now there is talk
in Germany of VA, but no hint
as to its nature.
1t is now known that the Ger
mans have developed a submarine
equipped with radical new devices
for underwater breathing and it is
possible that some of the craft may
even now be at sea. known as the
Schnorkel SPIRAL submarine, the
new vessel has been dubbed the
"snorts" by the British.
London newspapers have told
their readers that swift hit-run
raids by jet-propelled planes are
possible, and that England can ex-
pect V-bomb attacks until the Nazis
are conquered.
Evening star., 1944-12-11
New Draft Regulations
Will freeze Men in
Their War Plant Jobs
BY MIRIAM GUTENBERG.

Draft-age men will be frozen"
in their war jobs under new
selective service regulations to
implement the Byrnes directive
calling for the drafting of more
men in the 26-37 age group.
Men will not be able. to shift even
from one war plant to another with
out getting draft board permission.
Previously if man, particularly
in the over30 age group, left a war
plant and went into the cleaning
business, for instance. draft boards
were inclined to continue his occu-
pational deferment, since he was
still contributing to the national
health, safety and interest
Clamps Down on Turnover.
The new regulations, designed to
clamp down on turnover and halt
the drift of workers back to perma-
nent peacetime jobs, virtually -ex-
tend the Tydings amendment to all
workers.
Under the Tydings amendment,
farm workers had to have draft
board permission to leave their
farms and if they left without per-
mission-even to go into critical
war work-they were put in Ia.
A selective service spokesman
emphasized that draft boards will
grant permission for shifts only in
few cases with compelling per-
sonal reasons" particularly hard
ship.
VioIators to Be Drafted.
The spokesman also made it clear
that even the older men can expect
to be drafted if they violate the
freeze" He said draft boards grad
ually are eXhausting their supply of
men under 26 and are now going
into the older group SO that, if an
older man is put in IA, he can eX-
pect to go into the Army.
Maj. Gen. Lewis B. Hershy, selec-
tive service head, today notified all
State directors of selective service
of the new policy.
"Selective service regulations and
memoranda are being amended"
Gen. Hershey telegraphed the State
directors, ito provide that when an
occupationally deferred registrants |
leaves the employment for which he
has been deferred, he shall be re-
classified into class Immediately
available for service, unless before
leaving such employment he re-
quests a determination, and a deter
mination is made by the local board
that it is in the best interests Of the
war effort for him to leave such en-
ployment."
The draft directors telegram con-
tinued that ito accomplish the pur-
pose that regiStrantS 18 through 81
carry their full share of the Nations
war effort in order to remain occu-
pationally deferred, local boards will
apply present occupational defer
ment instructions in the light of i'm
mediate emergencies for men and
the civilian war effort"
Tightens Manpower Regulations.
Gen. Hersheys instructions were
interpreted by War Manpower Off
cials to mean that deferred worker
must have a Statement of avail
ability from his employer to change
Jobs and must show the statement
to his local draft board This move
is designed to tighten manpower
regulations which are intended to
prevent labor shifts from war in
dustries.
The draft directors telegram did