davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1944-07-21

days this week.
Mrs. M. NJ Butler and baby
son, George Weaver, are visiting
relatives in Jackson. Miss
Mrs. j d Buffet spent hst
Tuesday visiting her husband.
1t. Comdr. ] d Buffet who i
stationed at Mobile.
Mrs. A. c. Watson and Miss
Catherine Buffet spent a recent
weekend IN New Orleans.
Mr.. and Mira. j. II. TeW and
family OF Mobile were guests in
the home Of 1t. Commands and
Mrs. Buffet Sunday.
Mr.. and Mrs Il M Townsend;
Jr.. spent Monday Of lass week
with Mrs. Townsends parents,
Mr.. and MRS. James VeIcich and
other members Of the family
Mr.. and Mrs. Josept Velcich
and daughters, Marie Joan and
Jane, have been guests in the
home Of Mrs. Velcich's brother,
James Velcich, they also visifed
relatives in Biloxi. They we're
accompanied by Miss Una Vel
|eich
Miss Louise Carr of the Jacks
son County SUPPLEMENTARY Of
flee has returned from Wesson,
Miss, where she attended and
helped to carry on q conference
at the Ccpiah-Lincoln Junior
College.
Additional Socials on Page
HK
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1944-07-21

have given the name, Barbara
Raye, to the daughter who war
born to them July 10, at the Jack
son County hospital.
Mrs. Charles j. Landers and
daughters, Bonadel and CahrleneI
and Mrs. Adeline Davis, have re-
turned from a vacation visit tc
Houston, Texas.
Mr.. and Mrs. Harry Clark and
daughter, Ruby Marie, and Miss
Vickie Schwab, of Peoria, ILL.,
have concluded a visit with rela-
tives and friends in Gautier anc
Pascagoula by their recent de-
parture for their home. Mrs
Clark is the former Miss Lillian
Gautier, and is a native of Jack.
son County.
Mr.. and Mrs. l.. c. Wintertor
arrived home last Friday after Wis
its to Washington, D. c., and New
York.
Through an erroneous inter
probation of an answer to a ques-
ton, in a telephone conversation
the society editor gained the i'm
preston that Miss Mary Alexpn'
der had accepted a permanent
position at Ingalls, when she was
only there temporarily in her ca,
pacity as secretary to Mr.. Green
manager of Longfelow House
Miss Alexander still holds hel
position as secretary at Long
fellow House.
From Miss RUSSIAN, registrar
at Perkinston Junior Coilegs
comes the announcement that Mis-
Sarah Ann Gilmore and Rich
ara Russian of Pascagoula. have
made the honor roll for the frs
semester of the High School di'
vision of the college this year
In order to make the honor rol
students must have BIS and above
Mrs. T. r. Wells has returned
home from a stay at Sanitarium
Miss, greatly improved in health
after a course of rest and treat.
ment at that resort.
Mr.. and Mrs. Sheldon Fleming
and children have returned from
a visit in Laurel.
Mat Matlaek, recreation diree'
tor for the city of Pascagoula, has
secured a residence at 7l3 18th
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1944-07-21

Mrs. A. c. Watson and Miss
Catherine Buffet spent q recent
weekend in New Orleans.
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1944-07-21

Mr.. and Mrs. ]. F. Hearndon,
and daughter, Lucedale, Miss,
were guests Tuesday in the home
of Mr.. and Mrs. c. L. Cunning
ham.
Evening star., 1944-11-05

1t is to this imposing building that
Americans 60 to have their passports
renewed, their wrongs righted and
their troubles adjusted. 1t is, in fact,
the workshop of the American diplo-
matte mission.
An Elaborate Workshop
But actually workshop is the last
thing one thinks of when, strolling
down the Place de la Concorde, he first
eyes this beautiful edifice. Tremendous
IN size, it occupies an area of 42,12O
square feet which the American Gov
ernment bought in 1928 at cost of
81 ,221 1896 Construction of the great
building itself was not begun until 1881
1t required more than two years to
build. being opened on September II,
1888. Pure white limestone from the
famous quarries around Cannes COM
pose its walls. It was designed by the
American architects, Delano and AL
drlch, to blend in style with its neigh
bors, the Hotel Crillon and the French
Admiralty Building.
Much water has flown under the
bridge OF history since the spring of
1910, when the Germans outfanked
the vaunted Maginot Line and in few
brief weeks came streaming down upon
Paris which the French chose to sur
render rather than have destroyed in
battle. That period left thousands of
problems for Mr.. Caffery and his as
sistants, problems which will never
make headlines because they concern
the private affairs of American busi-
nessmen and other Paris residents who
Evening star., 1944-11-05
Buzz Bombs Bow New American Robot Brain on ENGLISH Coast

rectors regularly were bringing down rs
per cent of all the buzz bombs which
passed through their area.
When you consider" DR.. Lowell ex-
planned. "that the target is travelling at
$50 to $50 miles per hour and is only II
feet wide, and that the range on the
average was as far as from the battery
to the Empire State Building, that is
really some shooting.
DR.. Lowell said that almost immed
lately after buzz bomb left its launch
ing place in France, it's position was
plotted on a big chart.
One Robot Against Another
In few seconds its course was evident
and batteries in its path were alerted.
The robot director telescopes would be
trained on the path of the buzz bomb
and the director would start the shoot
ing as soon as the robot missile was in
range-literally one robot fighting an
other.
The robot bombs had one great disad-
vantage. They could not dodge, they
flew unvarying, straight courses
Evasive action cuts down the num-
ber of hits on conventional planes. A
piloted plane has several seconds in
which to change course after the firing
of shell which otherwise would hit
the plane on the nose.
Even so, the Bell laboratories robots
were getting Is per cent of the piloted
Evening star., 1944-11-05

were forced to flee hastily from the city
When 1t became apparent that Paris
would be lost to the Germans, Ambas-
sador William C.. Bullitt dispatched
most of his staff, under the direction of
Freeman Matthews, to Tour and later
to Bordeaux, where the French govern
ment subsequently fled. The Ambassa-
dor stayed on in Paris to observe the
German occupation and protect the
Americans remaining there.
AS the United States was then a
neutral, the Embassy protected most
business and private property belonging
to Americans by issuing certificates of
nationality which they displayed at the
entrances to their homes, Offices or
shops. These, according to the State
Department, were rigidly respected by
the Germans, at least while the United
States continued to have official repre-
sentation in Paris.
Left Without Protection
In May, l94l. however, the Germans
ordered the closing of all neutral en-
bassies in Paris and, in the following
July, closed the American consulate as
well. From that time on the Americans
who remained in Paris had no direct,
official protection.
Meanwhile the French government
had moved to Vichy, where the Fas-
clst-inclined totalitarian state of Mar
shal Petain and Pierre Laval replaced
the former democratic government. Mr..
Bulhtt, known throughout Europe for
his views, obviously was not the envoy
to send there
For the task of maintaining Official
relations with the aged French mar
shall, for whose regime the State De-
partment had little sympathy, Presi-
dent Roosevelt selected a realistic. hard
bitten naval man, Admiral William D.
Leahy, who now is his personal chief of
staff. Admiral Leahy arrived on jan
uary 3. 194l, and, with a contingent of
only four foreign service officers, set up
small Embassy which, it was evident
later, did an excellent job of keeping
Washington informed about the Vichy
collaborationists and their relations with
the Germans until the United States
and Great Britain were ready to in
wade North Africa. Admiral Leahy re-
mained there until May /, 1912
The African campaign, which led to
an immediate break in diplomatic re-
iations by Vichy, caused the intern
ment of Admiral Leahy taft at Lourdes
from November II, 1874. 20 January u.
1943. Meanwhile Germany had de-
clared war on the United States, and
on the latter date the American diplo-
mats were taken over by the Germans
and sent to Baden Baden, where they
we're interned until February 10, 1914
They finally reached the United States
aboard the Swedish steamer Gripsholm
on March Is of this year.
Now the first task of Ambassador
Caffery and his aides. aside from the
big-scale problems connected with main
tanning friendly relations with Gen. de
Gaulle and aiding the French in their
tremendous task of rehabilitation, is to
help unravel the personal affairs of the
Evening star., 1944-11-05
BY Howard w. Blakeslee


One answer to the robot buzz bomb
threat to civilizations future is the elec-
tronic brain.
This brain is the direction finder used
by American artillery to aim and fire
guns. The record of the one used by
American batteries on England's south
coast-three out of every four robots
shot down by ground guns-is reported
IN the Bell Laboratories Record, of the
Bell Telephone Laboratories, which
built the brain in cooperation with the
Western Electric Co.
The performance here reported makes
it even reasonably possible that elec-
tron1c brains may be developed faster
than terror weapons and that the brains
will be good guarantee against success
OF any surprise war.
The Bell telephone brain is known as
the M-9 director. 1t was demonstrated
to neWspapermen, but it's internal work.
lngs are secret. Ali American and
British antiaircraft batteries on the
English coast had these directors for use
against the buzz bombs.
What happened is told by Clarence A.
Lowell and Richard r. Hough. of the
laboratories, whe went to England and
Normandy at invasion time. They said
that on the English coast the M-9 di-
Evening star., 1944-11-05

postwar treatment of the Axis powers,
including plans for the occupation.
While he was here last summer, Gen.
de Gaulle told reporters that he ex-
pected the flag Of France to fly over the
Rhineland during the period of occupa-
tion that will follow Germany's fall.
He also said that it is inevitable that
France must have major voice in the
reorganization of Europe.
While the United States is generally
sympathetic with French ambitions,
there Is question, in view of France s
weakened military and political condi-
ton. how rapidly they may be realized.
And the proud French leader has
shown little disposition to compromise
or temporize.
American Aid
On the economic side. France lies vir-
tually PROSTATE. Its railroads and
bridges have been destroyed, its factor
les laid waste, its communications sew
cred. A tremendous capital investment
will be required to reconstitute it, and
France looks to America for aid Yet the
johnson Act, still on the statute books,
prohibits American governmental loans
or credits to nations which are in de-
fault on the World War debts France
still owes the Treasury we'll over $4,-
000,0O0,000 on that account
Mr.. Caffery's advice undoubtedly will
weigh heavily in determining what ar
rangements the United States will or
can make to aid French reconstruction.
1t seems obvious that the administration
will have to ask and obtain repeal or
amendment Of the johnson Act before
anything can be done
The man upon whom the RESPONSE
bility for maintaining a balance in
Franco American relations now rests
is a wiry. greying diplomat with a
keen sense of humor and a love of
conviviality.
Born in Lafayette, La, in 1886, he
was educated as an attorney, but after
practicing less than two years, he en-
tered the diplomatic service in 1911.
His early service was in legations in
O"' o0oSAAAoAii 0llO ASllCldH. Ouc
to World War conditions and his own
competence, his advance was unusually
rapid. The end of the war found
him attached to the ceremonial staff
of President Wilson in Paris.
BY 1919. after only eight years in
the diplomatic service, he had ad-
vanced to the rank of counselor of
embassy, a rating which many officers
achieve only after 20 or more years
in their profession. He served in that
capacity in Madrid, Tokyo and Berlin,
and in 1926, received his first ministerial
appointment, being assigned to Ell Sal
vador. Since then, except for a brief
period spent as Assistant Secretary
OF State in 1888. he has been in Latin
American countries. His last post
before going to Paris was that of Am
bassador to Brazil
Mr.. Caf1ery's assignment to Paris,
soon to become one of the most i'm
portant diplomatic posts in the world,
attests the State Departments high
regard for his background intelligence
and tact.
Evening star., 1944-11-05

for making every part in a symphony
interesting to the individual player.
Whe nthats so, nine chances out of ten
a work will sound as we say"
Works Sent to Him
Most of the new works DR.. Kinder
present are sent to him by the COM
posers, frequently with a note comment
ing on the fact that he has introduced
SO many new works.
Nowadays" he said, "a composer has
to go out and sell his stuff Some of
them are better statesmen than they are
composers, but they have to be practical
people as we'll as artists. You can't find
rewski and Kreisler."
Between 200 and 300 scores are sent
to him every year. He spends his whole
summer going over them and he never
has time enough to do them all. Much
of it is no good, but there's always more
good stuff than he can possibly cram
into a season.
First he goes over the score to see if
it's serious and not an amateur effort
The orchestration is one indication of
that. Then he reads through the score,
trying to hear" it with his inner ear
Sometimes he goes through it on the
piano, sometimes not. He's trying to get
an impression of what the composer is
attempting to say. He eliminates there
the ones that are 'platitudinous" even if
the workmanship is good
Extremely Hyper"
"Or may think here is the work of a
like hypermodern Sometimes he is
writing just to be hyper, but there may
be something in it worthy of being heard
If only to let the composer know what's
wrong with 1t. It's only in rare instances
and only when the composer is present
that can do that"
The scores have changed greatly over
the past 10 years, DR.. Kinder has found
There was a time, he pointed out, when
music went through an experimental
stage
1T was only natural that composers
who wanted to express differently chose
different mediums. Now there's strong
tendency in the opposite direction-to
write without self Inconsistencies. Amer
ican composers used to be so scared to
death of being considered old hat that
they wouldn't allow line to come out
no matter how much life it might have
in it. One of our national drawbacks
has been this self-consciousness. We
only let 90 at baseball games.
Evening star., 1944-11-05

which will shoot to $4,000 feet. The
director co-ordinates are different for
each type of gun
The 80 millimeter is dual purpose
gun, used both for planes and for tanks
and other ground targets. For ground
objects the crew merely turns the tele-
scope on the target and shoves in the
shell-the director does the rest.
This gun travels, on its own chassis,
IS miles an hour, can be set up for
action in four minutes after stopping,
and can fire 20 shots minute.
Evening star., 1944-11-05

mechanical directors for aiming guns.
They said these directors impressed
them as of competent design and work.
manship. They were told it gave ex-
cellent results under certain circum-
stances, but lacked the dexibility of the
Mo director.
War Department press releases show
the existence of two types of the Bell
laboratories directors, M-9 and MILO.
The Mo is used on 90-millimeter anti
aircraft guns, the MILO on the 100 -milli-
meter, or Al inches, antiaircraft gun
Evening star., 1944-11-05

planes they shot at during the time
when Lowell and Hough were in Europe.
This record was made in Normandy
from D day to the end of June, DR..
Lowell said, and was repeated in July.
Furthermore, all this amazing shoot
lng-dropping one out of each four
planes-was at night. The best shooting
DR.. Lowell heard about was a single
heavy AA gun that brought down
German night plane with it's third
round.
The Bell men saw captured German
Evening star., 1944-11-05

"A, r. pnOtO.
ing in many parts of Europe One ex-
planation may be that the German
exodus from Paris before the driving
blows of Gen. Eisenhower's men was so
sudden and unexpected that they had
no time to take loot with them on their
hurried flight to the German border.
American corporations with plants
near Paris or in other, parts of the
German occupied zone, however, have
not Jared SO we'll The Germans, it has
been found, moved the machinery from
some of these factories and, presumably,
set it up in the Reich At any rate-it
isn't there.
Frances Place in the Sun
On the broader diplomatic plane, Am
bassador Caffery will find many prob
lens which will tax the experience and
tact he has accumulated during more
than three decades in the foreign serv-
ice. Gen. de Gaulle is naturally sensitive
over the political eclipse France suffered
during the years following the German
occupation and is overly eager to regain
his nations place in the SUM-
The general already has made it evil
dent that France will demand a place
on the European Advisory Council which
Is the body set up to determine the
Evening star., 1944-11-05

thousands Of Americans who fled Paris.
Each day. now that peace has come to
Paris again, the State Department is
receiving stream of inquiries from
Americans as to the safety of their rel
atives, friends and property there
If the limited Investigations made so
far reveal typical situation, Americans
who left household goods, paintings and
other effects in Paris have suffered
surprisingly little loss. Most of this
property has been found intact, despite
the German Army's reputation for loot
Evening star., 1944-01-29
Justice Laws Blends Scripture
And Law in Mt. Vernon Class

tionship between the Bible and life
emphasizing, since I am a student
of the law, that aspect Of the
analogy"
Chester j. Sheppard, president OF
the class In 1885 and q student In
the present one, declared the
analogies used by Justice Laws
made the Bible lessons clearer and
more interesting than might be
done otherwise. The members OF
the class constantly were impressed
by the obvious care with which JUS
tice Laws had read the Bible in
preparation for each lesson.
Started Teaching as Youth.
The justice was 10 years old when
he took over class in which he
had been member only two years
earlier. He taught this group from
1919 to 1882. He then was asked
to conduct the class founded by
and named after the late j. c. Pugh,
an Interstate Commerce Commits
sion attorney. Justice Laws sue
ceeded Judge Eugene Black Of the
United States Tax Court. The two
preceding teachers were Judge Ed.
ward Campbell Of the United States
Court of Claims and Russell E.
Mitchell, a local architect.
AS the average attendance Is rs
to 100 men, Justice Laws said he
found the lecture system most prac-
tical. The mems ages range from
30 to IS years.
Evening star., 1944-01-29
III. Comdr. DARLINGTON
|WilI Speak tomorrow
|At Cathedral Rites

1t. Comdr. Gilbert Darlington
USNR, New York, chaplain genera
Of the Military Order Of the World
Wars, will speak at Washington
Cathedral at pm. tomorrow at the
annual service for families and
friends of men in the armed services
Col. Edwin S. Bethlehem, national
adjutant, has planned the service
Gen. Albert Lyman Cox, national
commander, will present the flag OF
the Military Order to the Cathedral
Canon Chancellor G. w. F. Smith
will accept it.
There will be color guard in the
procession and several past national
commanders will attend. Special
guests from branches of service and
from Congress will be present. Rabbi
Norman Gerstenfeld, Washington
Hebrew Congregation, and the Rev
DR.. Albert Joseph Mccartney, Gov
enant First Presbyterian Church
will participate.
At 3 pm. in Bethlehem Chapel
the baccalaureate service for 11C
midyear graduates of Woodrow Will
son High School will be held. Canon
Smith will preach the sermon and
the high school glee club will sing
Many of the graduates will go i'm
mediately into the Army and Navy
training programs.
Communion services will be held
at 7:30 and $50 am. Canon Theo-
dore o. Wedel will preach at II am
Evening star., 1944-01-29
Columbia Heights Church
To Honor Service Families

Columbia Heights Christian
Church will honor families of sery-
ice men and women at 1880 am.
Sunday. During the reading of the
names on the legion of honor plaque
each family or relative will respond
by rising. Excerpts of letters written
by the men to the pastor will be read
from the pulpit. Some of the soldiers
and sailors are expected to be pres
ent and respond in person to the roll
call.
Seven new stars will be added to
the flag in honor of Strod Book,
James Bierce, Maynard Eicher. N.Y.
ron Gerton, George Harp, Raymond
L. Snyder, jr., and Joseph White
bread. DR.. Harry L. Bell will speak
on This Tangled World"
Evening star., 1944-01-29
Rev. Lon Call 10 Preach
AT All Souls Church

The Rev. Lon Ray Call, minister
at large of the American Unitarian
Association, now stationed in Co.
lumbus, Ohio, will preach at All
Sauls' Unitarian Church at II am
tomorrow on THE Most American
Religion"
British. Indian and Missionary
Contributions to Indian Progress
and Achievement" will be discussed
before the Current Problems Glass
at 10 am. by Miss Pamela Hinkson,
English author just back from In
dia. The speaker for the Compare
tive Religion Glass at the same time
will be L. E. Murray. He will dis
cuss Religious Beliefs of Sigmund
Freud"
The documentary film, Desert
Victory" will be shown at $50 pm.
At 7:30 pm. the feature film will be
This Land Is Mine"
Evening star., 1944-01-29
Finding Christ in Jesus
To Be Dr.. Ioew's Ionic

The Rev. Ralph w. Loew, asso-
ciate pastor of the Lutheran Church
of the Reforma tion, will speak at 8
pm. tomorrow on Learning How to
Stay Put" Finding Christ in Jesus"
is the subject at $3.50 and II am.
The school of adult Christian edu-
cation will be held at pm. Wednes-
day. Under the general theme of
Getting a World Viewpoint" the
Rev. Oscar F. Blackwelder will speak
on "One Humanity and DIR. Loew
will speak on "One World" On sue
ceeding Wednesday evenings, DR..
Stewart Herman, author and world
traveller, and DR.. Carl U. Wolf, re-
Gently returned Army chaplain, will
be guest speakers.
Open house is held at 7::3O pm.
Saturday. Fame in February" Is
the program next Saturday.
Evening star., 1944-01-29
Presbyterian
Plans Youth Services

Young Peoples Day will be OBJ
served at both services tomorrow al
the Western Presbyterian Church.
At the morning service members
of the H street USO will be guests
The Rev. c. Stewart Mckenzie will
be assisted by Musician (Second
Class E. P. Stephens in reading
the Scriptures. Service men and
women will act as ushers.
Mary Richards, Robert Williams
and Buddy Wildman will speak or
"One Faith-One Fellowship" in the
evening.
Evening star., 1944-01-29
Bishop Hughes 10 Preach
AT Calvary Methodist

Bishop Edwin Holt Hughes, resi-
dent Bishop of the Washington
area of the Methodist church, will
be the guest preacher at the Cal
vary Methodist Church at IL am
Sunday.
At the forum at 8 pm. DR.. Joy
Elmer Morgan, editor of the journal
of the National Education Asso-
citation, will be the speaker. His
subject will be: Man Himself In
the Postwar World" This will close
the series Of forums held this past
month on The Church and the
Postwar World"
DR.. James Shera Montgomery
chaplain of the House of Repre-
sentatives, will be the guest speaker
at the Young Peoples Fellowship
meeting at 6:45 pm.
Mrs. w. L. Clarke will review the
book, I'VE Who Are America" at
the woman's meeting Friday noon.
Evening star., 1944-01-29
DR.. Lewis Will Speak
On Religious Liberty

DR.. w. o. Lewis, president of the
Baptist World Alliance, will speak at
National Baptist Memorial Church
Sunday at IL am in the absence of
the pastor, DR.. G. G. Johnson. His
subject will be Religious Liberty
The Woman's Society at 1890 am
Wednesday will hear lecture by
Mrs. G. w. Boldin on Japan. At the
Evening Mission Club Thursday DR..
w. o. Lewis will speak on why
Missionary Work in Europe?"