davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1944-02-17
Rowing Reporters

lubber's idea of an old seadog.
He was graduated from Annap-
oils in 1907, and played game
at fullback that still is the talk
of sports followers. He coach
ed Nays successful teams of
1857. His brother, Navy
Bill Ingram, was an Annapolis
star in 1920 and coach there
from 1925 through 1880. His
son, Lieut.. Bill Ingram, was a
Navy star, managed to get into
eight major engagements during
a years service in the Pacific,
and now Is the Admiral's flag
officer here.
The Admiral possesses all the
vigor and mental vim, and a sur
prising lot Of the physical force
that made him an outstanding
fullback in. the era when you
had to be- big and hard and
tough to whip the Army and
hold Harvard to one touchdown.
1t is hard to realize that he is
14th ranking officer in naval
seniority.
In the opinion of both North
and South Americans, he is the
best goodwill ambassador the
United States has sent to this
continent. His popularity in
Brazil is easy to understand.
The party with which I was
travelling helped Admiral In
gram christen Big Pebble, the
new converted yacht the Navy
has sent him for an official resi-
dence.
Over pre-dinner cocktails and
post-prandial highballs, the Ad-
miral discussed his work, both
naval and quasi-diplomatic,
while off in corners his juniors
told about some of the exploits
the Old Man failed to mention.
DISARMED MARINES
One such episode is worth re-
peating because il helps to clear
up q misrepresentation that ex-
lists in many American minds.
A detachment of u. S. Marines
sent to one South American
country to guard u. S. shore in
stallations were, for some unex-
plainable reason, described as
"technicians." When they arriv-
ed at the port of debarkation,
the customs officials Of the
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1944-02-17
D. &. BURTON HEATH
NEA Staff CORRESPONDENT

A BRAZILIAN PORT - The
limited States Navy bases its
Fourth Fleet at this Brazilian
seaport, and from here. main
tains q control over all South
Atlantic traffic that is almost as
meticulous as the dispatch board
Tor q busy stretch Of American
railroad.
On maps and blackboards, a
determined attempt is made to
record continuously the shifting
location of every surface and
mir ship in the South Atlantic
Ocean.
There are two rooms, each
with . huge map and an almost
equally large blackboard. One
room Is devoted to fighting
craft, the other to merchant ma
rine. On each blackboard are
listed ships, planes and dirigi-
bles, which are numbered. On
each map is plotted the position
of each craft. The locations of
merchant ships are changed Pc
riodically, but the whereabouts
of fighting ships are recorded
more frequently.
II you were one Of the rela-
lively few fortunate persons
with access to those rooms, you
could stroll in at any hour and
learn exactly where every con-
voy, battleship, cruiser, patrol
ship, submarine - American,
Brazilian, French, British, Scan
dinavian and other neutral ma
tionalities-and every patroling
aircraft, and every known ene-
my submarine, raider or other
vessel was last reported.
SUB SINKINGS SHOWN
On the basis of the informa-
ton thus coagulated in these
two rooms, it is the task of Vice
Admiral Jonas H. Ingram and
his staff to plan for protection
Of friendly shipping and de-
struction of Axis craft.
Some of the success attained
In this field Is recorded on the
merchant. marine map in de-
tails which Adolf Hitler would
enjoy knowing the locations
where enemy submarines have
been sunk.
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1944-02-17
Village Debt
Scars to Top
of $500,

ROSEVILLE - This week s
sale of a S750,000 bond issue
for Roseville public works, in
addition 10 the S648,000 pro-
gram now being carried on in
that community, is no cause for
rejoicing, President Will a m
Harper sternly warned the viii
lage commission at nj n day
nights meeting.
"Since 1887 up to a few days
ago." Harper told officials, I'VE
have reduced the village debt by
$4,000. Now, with the stroke
of pen, we have jumped it
from 100000 to $1,000, 900.
There is no cause for rejoicing.
We have burdened ourselves
heavily for major and necessary
improvements. We must unite
firmly in the resolve to reduce
expenditures to the bone by
eliminating all unnecessary
spending, and by running our
community along the strictest
lines of economy"
Harper Immediately proposed
complete reorganization of
of the villages official family
and employees, proposal he
said would effect an immediate
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1944-02-17

DES MOINES-The dime Q
Polk county jailer gave pris-
oner for carfare upon his re-
lease 20 years ago has come
back-with interest.
The letter returning the 10
cents also contained 20 other
dimes and an explanation that
they were for interest and that
the former prisoner had been
worried because he accepted the
dime when he actually didn't
need il since ne had other mon
ey.
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1944-02-17

country held up the Marines
weapons, the protest of the Ma
rine Offices being parried
adroitly with:
IF these men are technicians,
they don't need guns"
Admiral Ingram heard Of this
situation and went to a high Of
fetal of the country to inquire
into it. AS reported by his sub
ordinates, the conversation was
short and effective:
"You and ! know these men
are not technicians. They're
Marines. And what good is a
Marine without gum"
~- American facilities in this
country now are guarded by U.
S. Marines. With guns. This is
an example of how the Latin
Americans have been going out
of their way to cooperate.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1944-07-22

a quarter or a half contribution, but FULL con-
tributon They held back nothing. When their
country called they answered. When their general
outlined the task before them and told them what
was expected of them they gave everything they
had Ii is not generally known that the second
picture 10 be sent by radio Of the invasion was a
picture of Negro anti aircraft gunners on boat
taking troops 10 land NorTandyS beaches.
Many American newspapers carried this picture,
but the greatest commentator should 60 to the
Richmond Va Times Dispatch. edited by Nirgnus
Dabney which carried the picture on page one
IT. then fighters gave everything they had
and suffered substantial casualties what shall be
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1944-07-22

their proportion in the general population. To
show how they are integrated, the twelve hundred
work in twenty-eight different occupations. About
one-third skilled workers, another third is
semi-sklled, while the balance do unskled and
miscellaneous work.
The story of the Sperry company's experience
with employment of Negroes is similar to that of
other concerns. Like many other companies they
hired no colored workers until prevailed upon to
do so by government, unions, local pressure groups
and wartime manpower needs Like others, the
What is different however about the Sperry
case is that the president of the company is willing
to talk about his experience. Few industrialists
have been willing to make public their favorable
opinions on this subject. Moreover. in line with
his statement that racial prejudice Is undergoing
change, Mr. Gillmor visualized the postwar future
In this he considerable progress being retained
After the war colored workers will still be found
in the occupations and departments that have re-
Gently been opened to them.
After this concluding statement the speaker
sounded warning in answer to the question:
How can the Negro hold his job after the war;"
The most important way, replied Mr.. Gillmor is
to prepare oneself with the skills, education, and
training that industry requires Without such
preparation there is little chance.
To further illustrate the success of the Sperry
policy of equal opportunity, Mr.. Gillmor pointed
to several interracial social activities now carried
on by the workers These include Symphony
orchestra, a Choral club and baseball team
Without carrying this part Of the report any far.
Their we now have the public testimony of a COM
pany president that indignation and equal oppor-
tunty in employment, rather than segregation and
discrimination, is the answer to both efficiency of
plant operation and interracial harmony.
Working together, men lose consciousness of
each others skin colors and begin to regard each
other as brother human beings. For example, the
union in the plant now has twenty-five colored
stewards. In fact, in one department Of the plant
where all except one of the workers are white the
lone colored brother elected to be the steward
This kind of evidence indicates Gkewise-although
Mr.. Gillmor didn't emphasize it-that the union in
this plant is liberal and cooperative.
Like Mr.. Gillmor's plants there are others which
have done WELL but We haven't heard publicly
from them On the other hand. as you know. there
are many which have nothing to talk about any
way. To educate these need more Gillmors.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1944-07-22
THE WATCHTOWER B, ROY WILKINS

their proper reward? No man asks mere money
for fighting for his country. No Negro has ever
asked money. From the first moment when the
thirteen colonies decided to fight for their indie
pendence from Great Britain the Negro has fought
and died for America.
They have asked in return only the blessings OF
democracy, only the rights Of citizens as guaran-
teed in the Constitution. They want TO vote, I'M
hampered by poll tax and white primaries
They want to be able to get and hold job on
their merits. and to be promoted in accordance
with their ability They want education for their
children, as good education other citizens
are able to get. They want to live where they can
afford TO live, without restrictions based upon race
or color. They want to live and travel, and enjoy
themselves without being Inundated and insulted
and thrust to one side because they happen not to
be white OF skin.
In other words. they want no second class citi-
zenShp They want all the rights, privileges and
responsibilities of American citizens In Norman
dy they gave second class service In the junges
Of the Pacific islands they not giving second
class service 10 their country. In the air over the
Anzio beachhead the black aviators gave first class
service At the present time they are flying the
bomber fleets over southern Europe. They are
going about for victory and freedom. Not half
out. but about
Everyone in America might as we'll get used 10
the idea now that they are not coming home 10
second-class reward All the efforts and plans 10
confne them 10 "a place" must fail in the long run
They have earned their places as full American
citizens in combat for their country's ideals
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1944-07-22

The AFL'S jimcrow structure is
beginning 20 crack because of clio
competition Clio today takes one
plant after another where Negroes
are IN a majority.
Negroes Integrated
Recently in Virginia" says Mr.
Preese. The AFL put four Negroes
on It's local executive board In
louisiana several were pu; on the
board He is wondering how his
viii affect the national convention.
He cites an incident al the Go con-
vention al Nashville when a hotel
refused 20 seat Negroes and whites
at the same banquet. He said when
a reactionary element compromised
and arranged separate banquet. a
large group OF white delegates pro-
tested ard bolted and went over
with the Negroes 10 eat He said II
is common knowledge that Negro
and whites ST. a; meetings together
and work on committees together.
Live Close to People
Harold Preese and bis wife, Celia
Kraft. I've close 10 the people OF the
poor South. They. Ike Lillian Smith.
do no; see the Negro nor the white
people N terms Of Stereoty pes such
as hill oi,heS. crackers. ringers"
for they say all these derogstory
terms cone from the same ruling
white classes PreeSe speaks in their
churches. loves and studies their
to,k ways Through these folk ways
he says the people can be sppre-
cia:ed and Helped He IS member
Of the farmers union
Wife IL Jewish
PreeSe Uas corsSten' with his
ocl.efs m his marriage He Is q
Scotch.IriSh Sou;herner. married a
second generation Russian Jewish
gil Ce,is says their little blond
hsiyed olue.eyes ll.mC1:hs-old
D5y.d. slv:rg prcct tha; races and
creeds can set tosetner.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1944-07-22
South Is Changing 80. Harold preese


Harold Preese considered authority Negro culture
only in the South but all the world He born
in the Texas hlcouny of dances and old ballads
His great grandfather doorkeeper the first Recon-
strucon Legislature in Texas or Scoch-rish stock with
dash Of Cherokee Indian his brought
1919 ndentured with the first Negro Be
sides his books and MAGAZINE articles Mr. Preese writes
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1944-07-22
and poverty that breed race hatred
and prejudice are disappearing.
North Moves south

The organized state OF labor that
industry sough; TO escape in the
north began 10 show It's presence
in the South and with il came the
greatest factor for better race rela-
tons in the South Mr.. Preese ex-
planned that before these events.
rural folk who migrated TO the cities
were little affected Their feet we're
IN the cities but their souls we're in
the mountains. With the pact Of
the radio. the New Deal and organ
ized labor they awakened. Even the
rural South is affected by relatives
working in city and IN the factories
today
Peese recalls that the CIO was
interracial from the beginning The
AL had . jimcrow policy. In II
and -. left wing groups began to
organize Negroes and whites into
unemployment councils. lntefna-
tionaI Labor Defense and similar
organizations. Negroes and whites
were brought together more by the
Clio than at any other time In the
South's history. They began break
ing down the open shop-iow- wage
system based on an aristocrAcy Of
skilled white labor.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1944-07-22

many other comments He said that the old as
sumptions regarding being thrown
board; we living in new when people
are changing their ideas about many thngs-in-
Guiding the efficiency and basic decency of colored
workers.
Back in l94l the Sperry company employed no
Negroes. However, a result of pressure from
various sources, including the NAACP the first
colored workers were hired Prior TO their intro
ducton into the plant there were many fears and
misgivings on the part of both management and
the white workers. There were fears that colored
and white could not work together without fric-
ton. Threats of violence made-and
forth In other words, il was familiar story.
The company however, stood firm. They refused
TO yield to any objections. 1t placed coored learn
ers along with whites in its tranee classes. The
tranees were in turn integrated into various de-
partments of the plants Other colored workers
who already had experience or training were hired
outright.
The threatened rioting never occurred. White
and black worked side by side with harmony and
growing satisfaction. Hostility between the two
groups turned TO friendlinesS II resulted in help
full cooperation" The union PLAYED its part. 1t
accepted the new workers basis of absolute
equality.
And so today, Mr.. Gillmor speaks with back
ground Of three years experience. Twelve hundred
Colored workers now employed in Spcrry
plants. This he stated TO be percentage equal to
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1944-07-22

the pOiIcy OF the negro press. from
the viewpoint OF most white Amer.
leans appears TO be somewhat out
OF harmony with the status quo. and
from It's incesSant pounding against
the wailing-wall in our dual democ-
racy, has drawn echoes OF criticism
and outright condemnation from
many sources that have lately be-
core aware OF its influence and
power
At the moment II is repeating the
fight that pioneer Negro newsmen
waged SO vigorously during and
after the Civil War In behalf Of
freedom. justice and equality for an
oppressed people. For some strange
reason. IL has always taken wars To
promote the progress Of the black
man, and in their wake and activity
the Negro press has focused itself
with articulste emphasis and inter-
est 10 thrust upon the Negro his
passport 10 full democracy. AS the
case is now-and as il was then
when white is pitted against white
for economic and social supremacy,
the moral aspects OF the controversy
in which the Negro IS vitality con-
cerned in such conf CT, are shunt-
ed into the background. II Is in It's
belligerent and uncompromising
agitation on these issues that white
America becomes shocked and
startled when IL learns that the Ne
gro press Is actually but . faithful
reflection Of the Negro mass mind.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1944-07-22

almost exclusively FOR the Negro
press. He was cO-auihor Of Light
ing Up Liberia. and this Fall. E p.
Dutton will publish his latest book,
Dew on the Jordan. written IN COLI
Elaboration with his wife. Celia
Kraft.
New Era
Says Harold PreeSe: Il feel that
continual induStrialilauon OF the
South means new era economically
and In the feld Of race relation
ships. The more intell gent South
ern capitalists and business people
in general are beginning 20 realize
that their expansion and develop
ment Is being held back by the
plantation economy Poor whites
and Negroes are oeElnrIng 10 see
the same thing. which sives us q
point Of alliance between business
men and workers for thorough
gong reconstruction OK the South ="
Preese points out that modern In
dustry needs skilled workers and u
needs mass consumers u u Is 10
survive. The first need necessities
more EDUCATIONAL and cultural OPP
portunities. and 10 be consumer
the people have TO have decent
wages. In face Of higher cultural
standards and better living condi-
uenA fAArA snsaraaihsna, isnerAnee
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1944-07-22
BY wINIFRED KUHN
(How A Blind Person Looks On Prejudiess)
CONDENSED from Interracial Review

II seems odd to me to be writing about peoples
physical appearance - their stature their manner
O: dress the color Of their eyes, skin or hair Take
color for example, l have always associated 1t
primarily with moods Black means something
-rrournful and sad red indicates anger or violence:
Llue connotes peace and beauty. l have never
been really sure however, because | lost my sight
when | was a little year old. l never even
thought much about physical appearances until
an experience l had when was sophomore IN
high school
Jean sat behind me in biology. She early recog-
nized me as one of the students from the schools
Braille Department; and, while almost anyone
would assist u.s. she unusually helpful. She
copied material from the board for me so that IL
could be transcribed later into Brallle she de-
scrbed pictures and charts TO me- and her friendly
hand often rested on my arm In the corrldors 10
take me to class. She calm and gentle, studious
and reticent
One day our class went TO the flower conserva-
tory few blocks from school. While we were
walking there asked Jean question which had
occurred to me before.
Have you ever lived in the South"
She hesitated moment and answered, NO.
haven't"
Where did you get your southern scceht1"
asked
She became tense. answered quickly, Il don't
know" and abruptly left me and walked on ahead.
Dorothy, who had overheard the Wnole CONVEX
saton, took my arm ana Kissed. What IN the
world is the matter with you? Don't you know she's
colored?"
No hadn't known and I was stunned. The
knowledge destroyed Of the foundations upon
which had built my thoughts. had always been
convinced that Negro and white people were en-
trey different and that ] could distinguish be-
tween them don't know how the prejudice orig
mated | probably unconscousy absorbed II
through my pores, as is the case with the majority
OF such attitudes.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1944-07-22

When, however, an outstand-
ing industrialist makes the same
statement and does so publicly
there is a difference. Then it's
news. Then it's something that
people perk up over and listen
to carefully.
That, as you probably know
by now, is exactly, what hap
pened at the NAACP conven-
ton in Chicago last week. Mr..
r. A. Gillmor, president of the
Sperry Gyroscope company of
New York, expressed to the
delegates the above statement
aS his own opinion. He had
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1944-07-22
NOW ! See
ANOTHER PREJUDICE LOST

High school offered me ample opportunity TO lose
another prejudice, too. The student body was al
most entirely Jewish. and was amazed 10 find
that they were just like the friends had always
had Only when they alluded TO their religious
beliefs and customs could distinguish them. AT
first noticed these hints of their nationality; but
as time went by. they became so familiar to me
that paid no attention TO them The very exis-
tence of the Braille Department depended upon
the kindness and help of these students, and they
never failed us. Through my association with them
and my experience with Jean. was led 10 wonder
If these serious prejudices have nothing more sub
stantial for their basis than dissmiarifies in
physical appearances.
II really took Barry. however. TO convince me
Barry is the beautiful guide dog received from
an American Legion Post three years ago. He is
proud dignfed animal who has been my faithful
friend and companion. Incidentally, the man
sponsible for the wonderful training Barry and
received during that memorable summer in Min
neapolis is Jewish. l know this only because of
remarks made by members Of his family during
my frequent and very enjoyable visits with them
Barry and I returned to Chicago. and | began
learning about humanity with experience as my
teacher.
HUMAN BEINGS MUCH ALIKE
My three years Of education have taught me
the beautiful truth that human being be they
black. white. yellow. German, Polish. or Italian
Catholic, Protestant Jewish. all pretty much
alike. am no longer afraid to 60 anywhere alone
because know that kindness and help are always
near
My experiences. which I have here recorded.
have led me TO ask the question. Has the ability
TO see given people enough pleasure TO compensate
for the havoc II has wrought" II has exaggerated
the Importance OF minor physical attributes TO the
extent thsi they sriifeisllY separate humanity.
cause wsr and bloodshed. and bring hsarfaehs and
sorrow 10 millions. ! have not been unhappy be-
cause OF my blindness. and perhaps the world
would BE better place IN which to live II people
could not see believe II is unnecessary and wrong
for human beings to allow God given gift to
create strife between them.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1944-07-22

once more the question OF what
the Negro soldier is fighting for
and what he has right TO ex-
pect when he comes home.
Eisenhower went on TO say,
sYou may well be proud of the
accomplishments OF Negro
troops. In conjunction with
all our forces in the European
liberation campaign they have
made their full contribution TO
the initial success.
call attention 10 General
Eiscnhower's phrase, they
have made their full contribu-
ton" The Negro fighters in
the invasion forces did not give