davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1944-10-28
I. N. Campbell
In Liberia For
Farming Survey
Father Of goth
Hero Travels By
Transport Plane

WASHINGTON. y. c. tSNS) y
Serving as a member Of an Anglo
American committee which Will
make a highly important survey
of education, agriculture, and ru-
raj life in Africa, t. M. Campbell,
Extension field agent Of the Y. ;.
Department. of Agriculture and Ia
ther OF a hero of the goth Air Force,
has arrived in Liberia by plane to
join members of the committee
from England, according to an an
nouncement made this week by the
General Education Board. Mr..
Campbell was accompanied by DR..
Jackson Davis, associate director
of the board, and chairman OF the
survey group.
Sponsored comparatively by the
Foreign Mission Conference OF North
America. the British Conference OF
Missionary Societies, the General
Education Board, and the Phelps
Stokes Fund, the research commit
tee will study, among other things,
the extent to which the Tuskegee
movable school idea, and the Agri-
cultural Extension Service approach
may be adapted in the development
Of a mass education program In
Africa.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1944-10-28

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Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1944-10-28
Port Gibson News

Mr.. and Mrs. w. M. Abbey Of
Memphis. Tenn. and sister Pearl
are visiting their father Mr.. Hen
oerson Abbey, ST.. who is very
Ill
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1944-10-28

Mrs M. Maddox Chu and joe Chu.
.fr Patricia Anne Ouida of Provi-
dent Rhode Island are at home
with their mother and father,
Mr.. and Mrs. Sandy Maddox I'M
til Mr.. Chu has been stationed
They will join Seaman Chu In
Los Angeles, Calf, in three weeks.
Mrs FStelle Maddox Hobbs Of
Hartfort, Conn, is spending her
vacation with the parents Mr.. and
Mrs. Sandy Maddox.
The members of the First Bap-
list church to express to Rev. and
Mrs Thomas our deepest sympathy
on the passing of his dear mother.
Seaman NoCle was in town last
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1944-10-28
TOUR AFRICA

TOUR AFRICA
Aside from Mr. Campbell and DR..
Davis. the other members OF the
committee are Miss Margaret
Wrong and Handley Hooper Of
Great Britain. Travelling by plane
throughout most of their six month
tour, the group will visit Liberia.
Sierra Leone, Gold Coast, Nigeria,
CAMERON, Belgian Congo, and An
COLA
MIR. Campbell was selected for the
survey because of his wide ex-
perience In Southern agriculture
In his letter of invitation Of Mr..
Campbell, DR.. Davis said, II do not
know of anyone whose experience
training, and background could be
more helpful ia dealing with the
problems of agriculture and agri-
cultural education than yours"
Emory Ross Of the Foreign MISS
ions Conference added, "Mr. Camp
bells contribution to the survey and
to the broader aspects Of Anglo
American understanding will be in
valuable"
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1944-10-28

Seaman Nople was in town last
Evening star., 1944-09-18
Beyond Politics

The country will benefit If all
parties concerned put an immediate
end to the unfortunate controversy
that has developed over Governor
Dewey's uggestion-made in his re-
cent Philadelphia and Louisville
speeches-that the present admin
istration does not propose to
demobilize American troops as
promptly as the military and trans
portation situation permits.
The charge stems from the fact
that some weeks ago General
Hershey, the head of selective serv-
ice, remarked informally to report
ers that it might be cheaper to keep
our men in uniform than to set up
some new agency to care for them.
This was startlingly loose state
ment, and If it had actually reflected
the viewpoint Of the administration,
Mr.. Dewey would have been thor
oughly justified in attacking it as
an example Of New Deal defeatism.
The truth is, however, that General
Hershey, who is nominally a Re-
publican, was speaking merely for
himself-in an offhand manner
and that even before Mr.. Dewey had
seized upon the remark, the War
Department had already announced
rehabilitation plan generally
hailed for its fairness and prac-
ticability.
The effect of all this has been to
inject into the presidential cam
paign subject that simply does not
belong there. Ever since it started,
- Colonel Keesling Of selective
Evening star., 1944-09-18

service told q House Military Affairs
Subcommittee the other day, the
mobilization of American man
power for war has been beyond
politics and has been eminently
successful for that reason. with
every citizen, irrespective of party
afnliation. having complete conf
dence in 1t. The rehabilitation
problem, If it is to be handled sue
cessfully, demands the same trust
worthy and nonpartisan atmosphere,
for nothing could be more harmful
to the morale and temper of our
troops abroad. and their kin here
at home, than If either Republicans
or Democrats, for political advan-
tages, were to make football
out Of it.
Directly and indirectly, demobili-
zation Of the armed forces will
affect nearly every American. No
less than the draft itself, therefore,
it must be kept above partisanship.
Evening star., 1944-09-18
Man and His Blood

Blood, the river of life, is thicker
than water and vastly more COM
plex. Despite its fluidity, it is in fact
a tissue-a marvellous tissue made
up of many properties that can be
utilized in more ways than we yet
know. The past few years have
made all of us conscious of plasma
and its value on the battlefield, but
the story does not end there; it
rather begins there.
A special war project at Harvard
Medical School is working a life
saving and health-giving magic with
human blood. Under the direction
of DR.. Edwin J. Cohn. head of the
department of physical chemistry,
it has been breaking down plasma-
the protein content of the tissue
and finding any number of uses for
it's constituent parts. Thus, as a
result, the Navy is now using albu-
min instead of whole plasma in the
treatment of wound shock, since it
is only the albumin and not the
whole plasma that is needed in such
cases-a development which, besides
simplifying the treatment itself,
saves on shipping space because
albumin can be packaged much
more compactly.
Thus, too, DR.. Cohn's fractional
ton" process has separated from
plasma remarkable coagulating
agent, an effective measles serum
and antibodies against several other
diseases. These are but few of the
gains from the project so far. The
latest - announced not many days
ago-include two new plastics, one
OF them synthetic skin which
promises to yield encouraging results
in the treatment of burns, and the
other a substance whose possibilities
have yet to be determined. DR.. Cohn
and his aides operate on the theory
that everything making up blood is
likely to be useful, so that whatever
they extract-now or in the future
will be carefully explored for its ap-
plicability to health.
There can be no doubt about the
Evening star., 1944-09-18

Only here and there have our troops
penetrated Germany but already we
have conflicting reports regarding their
reception. In the Belgian border town
Of Eupen our troops were received in
''sullen silence" In another town be-
fore Aachen, they were received with
flowers. American and British afmen
being led through Hamburg to be ex-
changed for German prisoners awak-
ened friendly demonstration despite
the fact that Hamburg has been one
OF the worst bombed cities
AS far as we know our troops have
been warned two ways: First, that they
are moving into enemy territory with
q hostile population and should be pre-
pared for guerrillas, and second, not
to yield to Establishments, nor forget
that every German is an enemy.
1t is therefore obvious that we do not
know what to expect
We never will know as long as We
continue to look at the outer surface
of things. hoping to reach understand
ing by statistics-polls Of prisoners, for
instance.
The truth is we shall nnd everything
in Germany. For years we have been
semioff1cially subjected to Hitler's own
propaganda-that all Germany is unit
edly Nazi; that all Germany wants to
fight to the end; that there are not
and never were any reliable anti -Na1
forces there.
*.*. =
There are millions of ardent Nazis
There are millions of fanatical anti
Nazis. And there are, as in every popu-
lation, more millions of the political
mass, who sway with the tide of events.
The war was not popular in the begin
ming, and is deeply unpopular in the
end. In the middle, in moments of
victory, many thought Hitler might be
right. The strongest grip of the Nazis
on the German soul Is not Naziism, but
the fact that all peoples stick together
in war, even If they hate their leader
ship and the war it has brought them.
1t is an old trick of despotism to unity
the people by waging war.
II we are not aware of what is going
on in Germany. the Nazi clique is aware.
First of all, the Nazis know that they
not only face revolt now but always
have been threatened by it. There has
not been one period during the nearly
dozen years of this regime when the
Nazis were not busy purging one enemy
or another within the German ranks.
Shleicher and Won Bredow were mur-
Evening star., 1944-09-18
On the Record
By Dorothy THOMPSON y

dered by Hitler in 1894 Gen. Ludwig
Beck, chief Of staff OF the Reichswehr,
did conSpire to overthrow Hitler as
far back as 1888, and even tried to
get outside assistance In doing it, as
our authorities must know Gen. Won
Fritsch, commander of the German
Army, was in open revolt in 1898. There
Is an unbroken line leading to Gen.
Field Marshal Won Witzleben.
Among bureaucrats and old officials
there was also resistance DR.. Goerdeler
did conspire to overthrow Hitler. He
also was seeking outside help, and long
before the war. There has been an
unbroken line of opposition among for
mer Social Democrats and certainly
among Communists. Thousands of them
were executed. Wilhelm Leuschner.
hanged few days ago, has been a re-
sistance leader since the beginning. He
has twice been in prison. He was a
close friend Of Carlo Mierendorf, killed
in the bombing Of Leipzig after being
IN concentration camp for five years.
There are millions of Germans in
whose families some member has lost
his job, been imprisoned, been beaten
or tortured, or even executed by this
regime.
We have been busy for years distort-
ing or forgetting the history of Hitler
ism. Even Mr.. Sumner Welles wrote a
short time ago that Hitler was put into
power by an overwhelming majority of
the German people. The highest popular
vote that Hitler ever got in any election
that could be described as free was 81
per cent. Even in the railroaded elec-
ton Of March, 1888, right after the
Reichstag fire and under the balyhoo of
there being an imminent Communist
plot, when the opposition press was not
allowed to appear, and opposition meet
ings were broken up by violence, when
the Nazis had complete monopoly of
the air. and there was credible evidence
that the ballot boxes were stuffed, the
Hltlerites got only 43 per cent.
Now the Nazis are not purging one
conspiracy but a dozen It is a return
to the tactic of 1884. when they hit out
IN all directions They will try to hang
all possible leaders of a postwar Ger
many. 1t Is unlikely that they will sue
ceed.
But what We will find will depend on
what we bring with us. If we treat the
whole nation as Nazis they will react
as Nazis. If We differentiate we will dis
cover the differences.
(Released by the Bell Syndicate. Incl
Evening star., 1944-09-18
This Changing World
By Constantine Br0wn

The continuation Of the conversations
between President Roosevelt and Prime
Minister Churchill Is expected in diplo-
matte quarters In Washington to result
In important developments.
At Quebec the discussions between the
two leaders and their staf1s were pri-
marily Of military importance and dealt
principally with the defeat of the AxiY
and the Allied attitude toward the de-
feated enemies. The unexpected arrival
OF Foreign Secretary Anthony Eden, to-
gether with the presence ut Quebec Of
Sir Alexander Cadogan, the head of the
British delegation at the Dumbarton
Oaks, is being construed as meaning
that after the military talks were over
far more important discussions concern
ing Europe were tackled. These cannot
be disposed of in few hours Of ex-
changes of views since they deal with
matters which may affect the peace Of
Europe and possibly that of the world
for many years to come. Hence they
will have to be continued in some other
place more convenient to Mr.. Roosevelt
than Quebec.
The big Three" aspire sincerely to
continue common front after the Axis
has been defeated. There are, however.
some matters pertaining to Europe and
the Middle East which might form in
the future the seed Of misunderstand-
ings between the USSR and Great
Britain.
It is unfortunate that the pressure of
business prevented Premier Stain from
joining his American and British COL
leagues. Mr.. Churchill Is said to have
expressed his willingness to 60 anywhere
to suit the Russian leaders convenience.
But Mr.. Roosevelt, who has q hard
political campaign ahead of him, could
not take another trip such as he took to
Teheran last fall.
Under these circumstances the British
Prime Minister must be satisfied to talk
with Mr. Roosevelt alone to map out
certain plans to prevent possible friction
in the future.
It appears that the British Prime
Minister, who has never been fully salts
ned with the political arrangements
reached at Teheran but has approved
them and is determined to honor his
Evening star., 1944-09-18

commitments, is somewhat concerned
over the future OF the western portion
OF the Balkans, Greece and the Eastern
Mediterranean.
1t Is an open secret now that the
USSR was given . free hand in the
Balkans, but it was understood that her
influence would not reach to the Adri-
attic and the Aegean. These two seas
are regarded by the British as Of para
mount importance for the maintenance
OF lines Of communications between the
British Isles and the Empire.
Whether the Red armies will make
their junction with Marshal Tito is still
uncertain. There are no indications
either that the Russian high command
intended to 60 as far as the Adriatic.
After the surrender of Bulgaria, how
ever, q large Russian force estimated at
between 250,000 and 100000 men sup
ported by two tank corps-about four
divisions-penetrated into Bulgaria and
Is now on its way toward Greece to
clean up that section of the Balkans of
the remaining Nazis. From the military
point Of view this Is excellent. It is i'm
material who destroys the enemy. But
behind this advance of the Russian
armies toward territories which British
considers necessary to maintain her own
line with the Indian Ocean there is that
inevitable suspicion inherent In Euro
pean diplomacy that troops which reach
q country are sometimes there to stay.
At the same time the question of
Turkey will necessarily be raised. Tur-
key has broken OF diplomatic relations
with the Axis but has refused to become
co-belligerent. With the Germans on
the run in the Balkans, Turkeys mill
tary contribution to the Allied cause Is
now insignificant. In fact neither
America nor Great Britain insists that
she declare war on the Reich. Yet there
have been disturbing editorials and
broadcasts from Moscow in the last two
weeks. These describe the Turkish gov
ernment as packed with Fascists who
are still helping the Axis under hand.
The resignation of Turkeys Prime
Minister Sukru Saracoglu Is indicative
OF the concern which these "unoficial"
attacks from Moscow have produced
among the Ankara rulers and possibly
In London
Evening star., 1944-09-18
II / should not be stirred ,ohen oec
frAAa 81 ~

II should not be stirred ,ohen pea,
trees sitt
Their n1usky blossoms to the pokino
mould,
or 0hen the wheat fields sveep like
seas adritt @X
or look i,npdssively on auturns cold
" wnen 1ooes songs touch other lips
Should not remember one you sang to
me,
Or hear annroped stra1glisg mild
goose CRY
against a frozen moon, then It may be
That one iDill look on me and soy.
"Tin1e,s toll
10 paid In tuH and she Is touched with
01e."
But shah knotD deep In my stricken
That though my flesh be soarm and
draD breath
And haze my besno-l an touched with
DEATH
INEZ CLARK THORSON.
Evening star., 1944-09-18
Air-Borne Troop Landing
By Maj. George Fielding Eliot

Inc pattern grows clearer.
1t Is now practical certainty that
Gen. Eisenhower has decided to try for
q decisive break through of the Rhine
front between Antwerp and Cologne
He has put in one element of his
strategic reserve-the air-borne army
in The Netherlands. According to Ger
man reports, another element of that
reserve, the American 9th Army, is the
force which has driven through Smaast-
RIGHT and Is now northeast of Aachen.
The locations at which the air-borne
forces have landed in Holland are not
yet officially stated. The Germans give
Nijmegen, Tilburg and Eindhoven in
their early reports, and as these words
written (about / o'clock on Sunday
afternoon there is nothing more def
mite on this vitality important point
The three places named by the Ger
mans are all south Of the main river
lines which form q series of natural
barriers bisecting The Netherlands from
east to west, or rather T1lburg and
Eindhoven are south Of all of these
rivers, while Nijmegen lies on the widest
of them, the Waal, and is north of the
Mas. Tilburg is on the main road
from Antwerp to Nijmegen. and Find
hoven Is on the main road from Hasselt
to Nijmegen. Both Antwerp and Hasselt
are in Allied hands.
*+ -
If Nijmegen Is taken and can be held
until support comes up, then we have
in our possession the most important
crossing of. the Waal in the Central
Netherlands, we have already forced the
Mas. and there lies ahead of us only
the water barrier of the lower Rhine,
called locally the LEX.
Presuming the German resorts to be
at all accurate, this makes q good deal
of sense-it suggests an attempt to seize
and hold the river crossings and to open
the way for the Allied armies to pour
across the Dutch rivers into the open
plains beyond-plainss which, including
the northern part of The Netherlands
and the vast coastal plain Of Germany
offer . clear road for our armor to
Berlin and Hamburg. More Immediately
important than that, however, Is the
fact that such q penetration across the
Dutch rivers would turn the whole line
of the Rhine and threaten the German
armies holding that front with envelop-
ment and destruction.
That some move into this area is now
in Gen. Eisenhower's mind b indicated
by the fact that the Dutch underground
forces In the area south Of the Rivers
LEX and Rhine. hitherto told to wait for
orders, has been called upon to rise, to
Evening star., 1944-09-18

cease sabotage and to attempt to pre-
serve all port installations, bridges, rail-
ways, dykes and so on for Allied use.
All this drive on the Allied left Is, Of
course, to be considered in connection
with the deep penetration in the center
achieved by the American forces which
have broken through parts of the Sieg-
fried Line in the vicinity of Aachen and
are operating in the direction of Co.
logne The Germans now are compelled,
with what appears to be wholly insuffi-
clent reserves, to meet double penetra-
ton of their front in great strength.
They seem to have relied on the de-
lenses OF the Rhine to hold along the
Cologne sector, and to have concen-
trated their mobile forces to hold back
the British End Army between the Al
bert Canal and the Mas. This con-
centration has now been enveloped by
the dropping of the air-borne army in
Its rear. 1t Is all part of a single pat
tern-a pattern which marks the prog
ress OF what may well be the decisive
battle OF the western front.
4 X
The progress of that battle Is, of
course, closely related to the supply
problems which must be solved day by
day under circumstances of the greatest
dimculty-and of increasing difaculty as
the Allied forces get farther and farther
away from their French forces. No
doubt our engineers are working at top
speed to get lie Havre into shape for
full-scale use; no doubt some use is
being made Of little Belgian ports like
Ostend and Zeebrugge. But the Scheldt
Is still closed. which prevents the use Of
Antwerp.
We should, therefore, take into &C.
count not only the main objective-the
destruction of the German armies de-
tending the Rhine front-but the very
strong probability that success in the
Ni1megen-Arnhem area would not only
open the Scheldt but also bring into
Allied possession the great seaports of
The Netherlands, since their German
garrisons would be hopelessly cut of.
We might, of course, expect the usual
pocket" resistance in such places as
Rotterdam and Amsterdam, and much
damage to the harbor works: but the
opening Of the Scheldt would give us
full use of Antwerp, where the harbor
works are virtually intact.
Thus q deep penetration OF The
Netherlands Is designed not only to ac-
complish q strategic objective, but also
to make possible the exploitation of
strategic success by shortening and in
creasing the capacity Of the vital Allied
lines Of communication.
tcopyrisht. 1914, New York Tribune 1nc)
Evening star., 1944-09-18
Bultic Strategy

Inc outbreak OF hOStllltleS be-
tween the Germans and their re-
cent allies, the Firms, is merely the
high light in a complex crisis
which threatens to involve the en-
tire Baltic area and which may
drive Sweden from its policy of bal
anced neutrality. The exigencies of
Germany's military situation are
driving the Reich to aggressive
actions in the Baltic, notwithstand-
ing grave political and diplomatic
consequences which may be in
volved.
The decorating incident in Finn
ish-German relations was a Ger
man attack on the Finnish garrison
guarding the island of Suursaari.
The long-range guns of this highly
strategic island almost block the
narrow Gulf of Finland, thereby
preventing the Russian fleet based
on Kronstadt, the naval arsenal at
Leningrad, from emerging into the
Baltic and cutting German sea lanes
throughout that extensive inclosed
sea. The German high command
has already revealed it's determine
ton to keep the Red fleet pocketed
In Kronstadt by it's stubborn de-
tense of the Baltic States, despite
the need for reinforcements to boil
ster the main eastern front from
East Prussia to Poland.
Finlands recent detection from
the Axis and it's resolve to sue for
peace with Russia was a hard blow
to German Baltic strategy. One Of
the armistice terms laid down by
Moscow was that all German troops
in Finland should leave the country
before September Is. This, of
course, included all outlying islands
under Finnish sovereignty. At the
time Of the Russo Finnish armistice
there were German naval and air
detachments at various points on
the coast of Southern Finland, be-
sides the large German land forces
in the extreme north centering at
Petsamo, the Finnish port on the
Arctic Ocean. Those forces could,
to be sure, evacuate to nearby Nor
way, though their situation there
would be difficult. They do not
seem to have left before the dead
line. On the contrary, they have
closed the Finnish from er with
Sweden, and clashes between them
and Finnish troops in the region are
repeatedly taking place.
This looks as though the Germans
are acting in Finland much as they
did in Italy. If this be so, they will
logically try to seize all strategic
points possible to safeguard their
hold on the Baltic, even if they have
to fight the Firms. One of those
points would presumably be the
Aland Islands, which lie close to the
Swedish coast. Sweden has previ-
ously intimated that it could not
look with indifference upon a Ger
man occupation of the Alands, so
such action would seriously strain
relations between Sweden and the
Reich. The indications thus point
to an acute crisis in the Baltic from
every angle.