davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1944-04-20

tne forces which have broken through
SO as 70 outfiank the defenders at the
PolntS Where the resistance is being
mace good. He exploits success, and at
Ine same time he can withdraw from
points Where the defense is too strong.
70 Try again elsewhere. This tactical
nexlolllty is conferred upon him bv COM
mana OF the air, plus command of the
sea. "a VIC
meanwhile the defender is bringing
up ms main reserves, which may be far
OH somewhere in the rear. The task
VI Cle attacker is to get one or more
eooo Serong beachheads. well defended
anu WIN room to maneuver, and with
the iandlng places out of reach of enenv
arCilery nre, before the enemy main re-
SELVES can come up to counterattack.
X X X
II the enemy main reserve is 25 600
men IN the case instanced. that reserve
can still defeat 100000 men if the latter
cannot land quickly enough: landing
az only one place permits the enemy
TO concentrate his efforts and gives him
tne maximum use of his inferior force
while landing at two or more places
compels the enemy either to divide his
FORCES or assures one landing being
mace good even II the other is Wiped
out. Also it assures the enemys coun-
terattacking elements of being counter
attacked in their turn, if the distances
nave been correctly calculated and if
the local resistance can be overcome,
All this may be an er-simpliflcation
This discussion has been wholly tactical
IN scope and concerned with compara-
lively small forces. as an illustration of
what is necessary in order to git thar"
ITO the crucial point, the really de-
cislve point or points, "fustest" (that is,
at the decisive momenD with the most
est men" chat is, with more fighting
power than the enemy can bring to
bear at that point and at that time).
The thing to remember is that it does
not matter how many men the attacker
has helplessly shut up aboard his ships,
If he cannot use them when and where
he needs them: nor does it matter how
many reserves the defender may have,
II they are lured into going to the
wrong place by feint, or If they are
blocked from moving to the right place
by air power or parachutists, or If they
do not start soon enough, or If they are
too widely scattered for concentrated
action.
tcopyrisht. 1e44)
Evening star., 1944-04-20
AustruIiun Censorship

The controversy over wartime
censorship in Australia has devel-
oped from local rumpus into a
f1rst-class political issue with roper
cussions throughout the common
wealth. Furthermore, the deeper
implications of the affair are not
without interest here in America.
since the principles involved and
invoked by Australians are vital to
citizens sof every liberty loving,
democratic nation.
The current controversy was pre-
cipitated by the suppression of Ger
tain issues Of six leading daily news
papers published in the three larg-
est cities of the commonwealth.
But this drastic action by the Fed
eral Censorship Department was the
elimination of a prolonged dispute
between it and the Australian News
paper Proprietors' Association. The
issue is the nature of wartime CEN
sorship and the Interpretation
thereof. No question had ever
arisen as to the right and propriety
Of censoring that which might be of
aid to the enemy. Indeed, the news
papers voluntarily adopted a rigid
code of self-censorship on military
and kindred matters, and have
strictly lived up to it. The govern
ment likewise in principle restricted
the censor's functions to this field
when Prime Minister John Curtin
stated last December that "the
only stipulation should be that in
formation of use to the enemy
should not be conveyed to him"
However, the press has maintained
that, on several occasions, the CEN
sorship department has exceeded
its implied powers by curtailing 0r
suppressing the publication of ex-
pressions of opinion, facts of COM
mon knowledge or easily ascertain
able. and assertions not connected
with national security The press
further charged that such censor
ing was done for political and per-
sonal reasons, and contended that
unless this tendency was success
fully opposed, no group, public
body or individual citizen would
be safe.
The decorating incident was the
refusal of the six big newspapers to
obey the censor over certain articles
and editorials concerning American
criticism of pending reduction in
the size of Australia's military
forces When the censor suppressed
the offending issues the owners took
the matter to court and obtained
temporary injunctions restraining
the censor from preventing the
papers from publishing. Mean
while, public opinion was up in
arms, and a mass parade took place
in metropolitan Sydney, headed by
university students singing. I'VE
want = free press! Democracy must
Evening star., 1944-04-20
His Birthday

No one can know what the world
would be like now If Hitler had not
been born IS years ago today. But
to the extent that human personal
tiles affect the course of history, 1t
may be said Of him that he has been
a supremely outstanding servant of
evil. He has done bad things very
well; in all the long record Of the
past, 1t is difficult to find an indi-
vidual who has done them better
on so gigantic scale or with such
calculated callousness and debased
genius. Lying has been the sub
stance of his philosophy. the sum Of
which has been the negation of
everything decent in our Western
civilization. With this, with his
voice, with naked force and sheer
terror. he has devoted all the mature
years of his life to a struggle so am
bilious, so egocentric. so monstrous
as to be aimed at nothing less than
the domination and enslavement Of
the whole of mankind. Wherever he
has come to hold sway, there liberty
has died and there the ugliest mani
festations OF existence have been
glorifed. He has been a poison. He
has been a scourge. He has been
an affiiction. He has been a sower
of hate, defller of the wells OF hu-
manity, a carrier of catastrophe in
whose person all four horsemen of
the Apocalypse have been combined.
Do women weep? Do children
starve? Is the flower Of youth cut
down in battle? Then he. more
than any one mortal in our time,
is the mortal responsible. On his
birthday, seeing his own doom at
last closing, in on him and perhaps
feeling some degree of the awful
loneliness of the trapped quarry. it
Is barely possible that Hitler is
haunted bit by the tears and blood
Of his millions of victims. It Is pos
sible, too. that he remembers it was
once written that rather than be
guilty Of crimes like his, it were
better for a man that he had never
been born or that he be weighted
with milestone and cast to the sea.
In any event, whether he recalls it
or not, this scriptural warning
might well serve as the text for
card OF greetings to him on this day.
Evening star., 1944-04-20

have overtaxed the Russian soldiers.
1t must be remembered that when
the Germans were compelled to check
their offensives in the winters Of 1912
and 1943, the Russians always started
a counteroffensive. The seesaw battles
have been going on without interruption
since the summer of 1941. The German
forces have been involved equally, but
during the winter months they relied
mainly on satellite troops, Italians, Ro-
nanians, Hungarians, Croatians and
Slovaks with q sprinkling of French,
Spaniards and volunteers" from the
subjected countries.
~ &A
German divisions were frequently
shifted from Russia because of the in
clement weather to the south Of France
or, when this was not possible, they
were sent to the pleasant Crimean cli-
mate for long rest. This might ex-
plain why the Germans have not yet
broken down, in spite of the hard fight
ing they have had to endure.
No such rest was available for the
Russians. It is true that they are used
to the harsh living conditions of their
own country. But 1t seems logical that
the wear and tear of three-year cam
paign Is being felt, especially at time
when the Red Armies have succeeded
in iberating practically their entire
territory. The human incentive, par
ticularly among peasant people deeply
attached to the soil, to battle to the
bitter end for the liberation of their
land, becomes less conducive to heroic
fighting once the task has been achieved.
In Russia's long military history her
armies have been unbeatable when they
fought for the preservation of Russian
territory while they have seldom
achieved any conspicuous successes out
side their own boundaries. This may be
changed now, although 1t is difficult to
perform miracles with the character of
an entire nation In one generation.
Russian governments of the past may
have been imperial minded; the peoples
OF Russia never have been so.
These general considerations are be-
ing closely examined by those in charge
OF the forthcoming invasion of Western
Europe. They hope that the Russians
continued battles for their homeland
have not impaired the offensive power
OF the Red armies and that our Invasion
will be sustained heavily by an all-out
Russian offensive against Germany it
self.
Evening star., 1944-04-20
Shuke-up in Italy

Premier Pietro Badoglio is ex-
pected to have little difficulty in
forming new coalition government
for Italy on the broad foundation"
specified by King Victor Emmanuel.
There is far less reason, however, to
believe that the new ministry will
be able to bring any notable i'm
provement into Italy's political pic
ture.
The Kings instructions to Ba-
doglio, after the latter had submitted
the resignation of his ministry, was
to form a new government which
would take into account the wishes
OF the six parties making up the
political opposition. 1t is expected
that this will bring into the cabinet
representatives of each of these par
ties. including such men at Count
Carlo Sforza, Senator Bendetto
Croce and possibly the Communist
leader, Palmiro Togliatti. who was
sent to Italy from Moscow to imple-
ment the diplomatic recognition
which Marshal Stain decided to ex-
tend to the old Badoglio regime.
1t is to be expected that the in
clusion of the anti-Fascist leaders
in the government, pending the re-
tirement of the King in favor of
Crown Prince Humbert when Rome
is freed, will tend to soft-pedal the
partisan clamorings which have
been emanating from that portion
Of Italy which has been brought
under Allied control. 1t does not
follow from this, however, that there
will be any marked improvement in
Italy's contribution to the war.
For one thing, there is little evil
dence that the mass of the people in
Southern Italy are greatly concerned
with the personalities or the political
coloration of their wartime govern
ment These things may be of i'm
portance to the politically minded,
but there is good reason to believe
that the little people of Italy are far
more concerned with the scarcity of
food and the prolongation of the
war. To encourage hope that these
people will be stimulated to greater
effort In behalf Of the Allies and
themselves BY . mere change in the
Evening star., 1944-04-20

composition of their government Is
to invite disappointment.
In other respects the new govern
ment should achieve better results
than the old, If for no other reason
than that the old was able to accom-
plish very little indeed. At the least,
the forthcoming coalition cabinet
should be able to enlist the hearty
support of the actively liberal ele-
ments and the Communists. If this
materializes it should be helpful,
but it would be foolish to suppose
that the lions share of the effort
and the sacrifice necessary for the
liberation of Rome will not still have
to come from the Allied armed
forces.
Evening star., 1944-04-20
This Changing World
By Constantine BrofOn

No trained military observer dares
guess what the potential of the Russian
armies will be a few months from now.
When the Germans invaded Russia in
June, 1941, few military men in the
United States and Britain believed
wrongly, it later developed-that the
Reds would be able to resist the powerful
Nazi machine for more than a few
months.
When the Russians launched their
main counteroffensive last July only
minority of the high-ranking officers
in Washington and London thought
the tremendous tempo could be con-
tinued.
Regardless Of whether the Germans
have withdrawn from numerous sectors
because of strategic considerations, there
is no question that the Red armies have
had to pay high price for their gains.
The manner in which the Reds have
manipulated their supply lines is a
miracle to all concerned In the line
OF their advance there are practically
no roads and the retreating enemy has
destroyed the few available railroads.
Moreover, in the vast territory occu-
pied by the Germans since 1941 the
gauge Of the railroads was changed to
suit their own system, which is different
from the Russian. Thus, even If In some
areas the Germans were not able to
destroy the railroads because of their
hasty retreat, the Red engineers had to
change them to suit the Russian pattern.
Add to this the inclement weather and
you have quite a problem. How the
Russians did 1t is a mystery which
may not be solved until after the war
is over and the Moscow government
gives Allied experts an inside glimpse
at its methods.
The Russian offensive continues. It is
true that for the time being 1t is
directed toward the south, where the
Germans are leaving Romanian troops
backed by some German divisions to
hight rear-guard battles Nevertheless.
there must be good deal of wear and
tear on the Soviet forces Even the
battles around Odessa, which had been
evacuated by the Nazis some time before
the Reds reached it, proved fairly costly
to the Russians.
The foremost question now in the
minds of most Allied military leaders is
whether the remarkable battle which
has lasted nearly three years may not
Evening star., 1944-04-20
Allied Labor Problems

1tCCcut UcfcIOpUlcutS III 6rlGalQ
and the United States provide ma
terial for an interesting, though not
necessarily relevant, comparison Of
the methods chosen by the two
countries for dealing with their war
time labor problems.
The British government, with the
support Of trade union officials, has
just decreed severe jail penalties and
fines for persons who engage in or
urge others to engage in wildcat
strikes in essential industries. This
Is interesting for two reasons. First,
1t suggests that Britain, virtually
under the guns of the enemy and on
the eve Of the Allied invasion of
Europe, has far more serious strike
problem than exists in this country.
Second, because it reveals all too
clearly that compulsory national
service legislation. which has been
on Britain's statute books since
shortly after the fall OF France, does
not and cannot prevent strikes.
The British probably have obtained
other benefits from their compulsory
service law, but 1t is not an effective
antistrike weapon and, recognizing
this, they have resorted to the more
drastic but also more sensible al
tentative of setting up penalties
aimed exclusively at unauthorized
strikes.
In this country, certainly in recent
months, we have had no strike
troubles comparable to those which
have plagued the British, and we
have no antistrike legislation except
for the mild and relatively inef-
fectual Smith Connally Act. Neither
do we have a national service law,
despite It's advocacy by the President
and responsible War and Navy De-
partment of1icials, and il the recent
action Of the House Military Affairs
Committee in turning thumbs down
on proposed legislation to steer 4-Fs
into war work is guide, weare not.
apt to get even modif1catlOaa 81
a compulsory service law In this
election year.
In other words, as the Allies ap-.
proach the critical phase of the war
the British find it necessary to re-
sort to increasingly drastic COM
pulsory methods to insure maximum
labor utilization. We. In turn, move
In the opposite direction, revealing
a growing preference for voluntary
controls despite the insistence of
ranking war officials that they are
inadequate. To some extent, this
may be explained by the difference
in conditions prevailing here and in
the British Isles. To an even greater
extent, however, the contrast is at
tributable to the fact that the
British have been compelled by
events to face the realities of their
situation, while in this country, far
from the scene of actual combat. it
Is still possible for political and
other secondary considerations to
overshadow the harsh necessities of
war.
Evening star., 1944-04-20
AttaCker Has Advantaoe
By Maj. George Fielding Eliot

ITO git thar fustest with the mostest
men is said to have been Gen. Nathan
Bedford Forests homely rule for sue
cess in war. 1t is still just as sound as
1t was when Gen. Forrest so brilliantly
applied 1t in long series of victorious
encounters. But, like every other prin-
ciple, its application is not always easy
in particular cases.
Take the case of large-scale landing
on hostile coastline.
The attacker can hardly expect to
select just one point and make a major
effort to break through there. In the
beginning, because of the inherent diff
culties In the landing process, progress
Will be slow and the number of men
who get ashore at any one place will at
hrst be small. Therefore, if an attempt
is made to land, let us say, 100 900 men
at just one place, the first wave might
not include more than $500, while the
enemy might bring to bear say 5000
men against them. Thus, 5000 men
would defeat the efforts of 100000. be-
cause 97500 of the 100000 would still be
aboard ship and out of the fight
But If 100000 men are landed on a
broad front, at say five different places,
"i'Ai S'ooo III Vic llllG1dl ASSAULT wave
at each place and if the enemy has
only 5000 men to defend that stretch
OF coast, then the enemy must choose
He can put 1000 men at each place. in
which case the attacker probably will
get secure lodgment at all places, or
he can put a mere delaying force at
some places and he can concentrate
5000 or 1000 at the most important
place or the place where the attacker
seems to be making the most headway.
His most probable course will be to
wait and see; to hold back the bulk of
his force in reserve while holding the
advance positions with delaying forces
and trusting to natural and artificial
defenses rather than to men. We
ought not to underrate the value of
such defenses, but they can usually be
broken through by determined assault
troops.
The real test of judgment on the part
OF the commander of the attacking force
comes when it is time to send in addi-
tional troops. He must have air su-
periority, or he cannot attack at all;
his airmen can tell him where his land
Ing forces are making progress. and
where they are held up. He must use
his next attacking waves in supporting
Evening star., 1944-04-20
Letter to q Young Husband

Ny dear, I'm ,0riting this beside the
brook.
Beyond the knoll the hungry furious
rise
The hours are long. At dusk still
must look
For your dark strength sharp-etched
against the skies.
The maple by the gate is budding no,p.
The hemlock boughs break cleanly
through the air.
Each da,Dn leape your jacket on the
plo,D:
Some day might look back to find
you there.
BLANCHE LA BELLE SWEENEY.
Evening star., 1944-04-20
The Greater Dancer

From the Manchester (England) Guardian
There is very small ground for COM
placency when since this war began, air
raids nave killed 35.454 civilians in this
country and road accidents 32,463, while
the injured on the roads have been
round about 100000, with AFRAID in
Juries at just under 10000. 1t is a COM
parison which throws fearful light on
the gravity of the problem which we
shall have to face in still more serious
form when traffic returns to It's old
density after the war.
Evening star., 1944-04-20
Miracle Film Again


To the Editor OF The Star:
Please watch your step, dear Star, or
the beautiful propaganda piece Song
OF Bernadette" will bring serious dis
cord into your column of letters.
However, may I not lend support to
the earnest lady who states with a note
OF flnality that the story in question is
historically true? Yes, indeed. And,
moreover, there are many other cases in
the same field which can claim historical
backing. Here are few: Cd the Tenn
pie of AEsculapias in Greece was filled
with the crutches and stats of the sick
who had been healed by the God of
Medicine; CD at much later date
hall In Chicago contained a similar
collection from invalids who had been
restored through the ministrations of
the modern Elijah, Alexander Dowie:
10 In the Kaaba at Mecca multitudes
OF Mohammedans each year are physi-
calIy reJuvenated through the power of
Allah; ca the Mormon Joseph Smith
received supplement to the Bible from
golden plates dug out of a New York
hill; and 60 today many marvellous
cures are being made through the rev.
elations Of Mary Baker Eddy's Christian
Science
Much has been said about the pref
ace to this picture: For those who
believe in God no explanation is neces-
sary; for those who do not believe in
God no explanation is possible" Nav
/ not point out that this phrase might,
with equal force, be applied to picture
relating to any of the five items listed
above? ADAM OT11rJ.
Discusses Mr.. Wallace's Trip
To the Editor of The Star:
Political Vaccinations, frequent and
varied, are to be expected between now
ana the fall election. Many are express
ing the opinion that the sending of
Vice President Wallace to China is for
The sole purpose of appeasing the right
wing element. However, few believe
That Mr.. Wallace is to be cast adrift
since that would ALLEVIATE many of the
lett-Wlng or communistic group from
which Mr., Wallaces support almost
wholly is derived.
Swapping horses in the middle of the
stream may be somewhat difficult, but
1t would be nothing compared to riding
two horses travelling in opposite direc-
tions at the same time. 8. p. ARNOT.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-04-02

THESE PEOPLE of Their sadness and
misery started when the Jops began borrowing their girls by The botod
ticking Of food starving them into dull
Then blow thon on-everyone from 20 70 40
Jop bases in Marshos 70 work
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1944-08-09

TO some day go south Of the equa-
tor"
Pittsburgh born, Ethel fulfilled
that desire when she was twenty
three. As a student at Carnegie
Tech. she maJored In Spanish. music
and language. When Cordell Hull
sailed southwark TO attend the first
Pam American conference, Ethel was
one of the few women who Travelled
with his party. She had won the
post of chairman OF the entertain
ment committee and this marked
her first trip to Latin America. IT
served to whet her appetite for SUBJ
sequent visits.
In addition TO starring Red SHELTON
and Esther Williams, ana featuring
Ethel Smith, Bathing Beauty" also
boosts such names as Basil Rath-
bone. Donald Meek and Harry James
and his Music Makers and Xavier
Cugat and his orchestra.
The eo-feature on the Strand bill
this week Is Port OF Forty Thieves"
and features Stephanie Bachelor
and Richard Powers. Latest Movie-
tone News completes this program,
closing ut the Strand tomorrow,
Thursday.
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1944-08-09

While there are 4O,OOO, 900 card
players in the United States, there
is only one national card organiza-
ton. the American Contract Bridge
League. Only a small percentage OF
the card players OF the nation par
ticipate in tournaments, but they
are the key card people. They are
the ones who viii endeavOr TO raise
the $4,000. 900 needed for the edu-
cation Of the orphans Of the war.
These representative players met
recently in New York to COM
pete in the national tournament.
Strangely enough. it seems that
the effect of the war is felt even
at the card table. where strange
results occur more frequently now
than ever before.
East played the four of diamonds
on the opening lead. and West con-
stEued this play as requesting
shift 10 the lowest ranking suit. He
led the seven Of clubs and East won
all seven club tricks, and returned
q diamond. West had meanwhile
discarded all his losers In the major
suits, SO East and West took all the
tricks. South went down 2600 points.
while at spades, where the hand
should have been played, the PEN
atty would have been only one
trick