davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1944-03-17

| of War Henry L. Stimson, to con-
vert some Negro combat troops into
labor battalions. He reported that
two Field Artillery Battalions, the
93Oth and the 931st, have been
transformed into a force of "com-
bat engineers" These troops,
though labor units, are also pre-
pared to fight if necessary.
Stimson has been under fire for
a statement published in the Con-
gressional Record Feb. 2Srd, which,
according to the virtually unani-
nous opinion of the Negro press,
falsely impugns the Negroes eff
cheney.
Stimson, explaining what Rep.
Dawson calls mo combat" policy,
in answer to an inquiry from Rep.
Ham Fish r., N. ", made this
statement:
"It so happens that a relatively
large percentage of the Negroes
indicted into the Army have fallen
within the lower educational CLASH
fications, and many of the Negro
units accordingly have been I'M
able to master efficiently the tech
nique of modern warfare"
Later, when Stimson was asked
"Is it the position of the War Dept.
that colored American troops, on
the whole, cannot be made into
combat units because of their al
legedly low educational classical
tions," he replied that it was not.
He added:
"The number of troops now in
combat and being prepared for ac-
tual combat is a clear indication of
our policy"
Dawson, the only Negro in Con-
gress, said that the issue had grown
beyond the merits or dement's Of
Stimson's statement.
"The repercussions of the Incl
dent have served to bring into the
open the whole vital issue Of the
War Depths segregation policy"
he said. 81 can say that the ques-
ton of the Negroes second-class po-
sition in the armed services has
reached stage where it can and
will result in decisive changes"
He said he was in close touch
with the War Dept. and that the
whole question of the segregation
policy was under discussion.
Dawson blames the confederate"
elements in the War Dept. with re-
sponsibility for creating and per-
petuating the Jim Crow system in
military affairs, and said the whole
Department was "honey-combed
with professional Southern military
career men," President Roosevelt
inherited that situation, Dawson
explained, he did not create it.
Dawson, himself a veteran of World
War 1, said that Southern officers
and their "confederates" in the War
Dept. were especially fearful Of the
development of any very large
group of Negro officers.
The influential Baltimore Afro
American, widely read along the
East Coast, said editorially:
sour own views are that the Sec
rotary of Wars statement on edu-
cational qualifications Of colored
troops is a stupid half-truth, an in
defensible excuse for not doing his
duty"
The Harlem newspapers, the Am
sterdam News and the Peoples
Voice, said the controversy revealed
the real reason why Negro combat
battalions have not been sent into
service in war theaters. They point
ed out that the only Negro combat
units which have seen action are
the Goth Pursuit Squadron and the
45Oth Anti-Aircraft Battalion.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1944-03-17

years ago smiling little lad pictured above started
selling paper St. Starting with
he ended eight later selling hundred copies
weekly.
many Paultes will recognize Eugene
(Gene Hyard married and father AS will notice
he is also a member of Uncle Samuers Army!
stationed Huachuca Ariz weeks
visit bedside his i'll grandmother Matte Coins
Hlyard Central
st.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1944-03-17
Dawson Predicts Better
Break for Race Troops;
Secy. Stimson Under Fire
Blames ''COnfederates''
In Army for Jim Crow
Patterns in This War
By Earl Conrad in Newspaper PM

New York.-Rep William L. Dawson d., Il.) said to-
day. in telephone interview that controversy raging
the Negro press is smoking out" the whole antNegro
atmosphere in the War Dept and predicted that result
decisive changes the segregation policy would about
The issue stems from decision confirmed BY Secretary
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1944-03-17

and other relatives survive.
Brooks funeral home was in
charge of arrangements.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1944-03-17

Visitors to the Spokesman and Recorder
Office this week included Maceo A. Byrd,
Johnnie Hardeman, Harold Booker, Burie
G. Carmichael, Edward A. Purdy, Jack
Jones, Ida N. Harvey, Miss L. r. McClel-
land, Minneapolis and Lawrence Hall, Des
Moines, Iowa
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1944-03-17
SOldiers-SailOrs
Write to "Sal"

In this weeks Inquisitive Sal
column are excerpts from let
tiers received from well known
young Twin City men serving
in the armed services.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1944-03-17
Los Angeles Street Railway
Operates at 500 Capacity,
Refuses to Use Negro Labor
Failure to Employ Negroes
flinders War Effort in
Los Angeles

New York City, N. Y, March
10. (U.L.S.) The Los Angeles
Railway Company is operating
slightly more than so per cent of
its equipment in the face of I'M
precedented demands for more eff
ficient transportation service, it was
reported by Reginald A. Johnson,
Field Secretary of the National
Urban League. Completing a two
months survey of conditions in
West Coast industrial centers,
Johnson explained that the per-
sistent refusal of the Railway Com
pany to employ and upgrade Negro
and Mexican workers was entirely
responsible for the transportation
bottleneck in the California me-
tropolis.
The company's policy in this re-
spect remains unaltered despite ac-
ton of the FEPC and several re-
sponsible public and private organ
izations whose chief concern is i'm
proving the company's inadequate
service to thousands of war work
ers in the area.
For number of years, according
to Johnson, Negroes have sought
jobs as operators, platform workers,
and bus drivers with the Los
Angeles company. Officials of the
company have always taken the
position that the public and their
white employees were unwilling to
accept Negroes as platform work
ers, although it was well known that
in Detroit, Cleveland and New York,
Negroes were successfully en-
ployed in this capacity. Early in
1913, it was said, the transportation
problem became extremely acute.
At one time it was reliably stated
that the company's manpower
shortage was upwards of 600 work
ers in the operating department
alone. More than so street cars
and many of the buses operated by
the company remained idle daily.
Meanwhile, the company hired and
upgraded green and inexperienced
white mechanics and operators and
refused to promote Negroes be-
yond the grades of laborers and
helpers.
Situation Very Acute
Frequent shifts of company en-
ployees to more profitable jobs in
local war industries has produced
a critical situation, johnson re-
ported. Current estimates show that
the company now needs some 1900
workers to meet minimum transit
requirements. Even before gas ra-
tioning and the heavy increase of
defense workers, the Los Angeles
Railway is reported to have OPP
Grated 700 cars and large feet of
buses daily. Less than 6 months
ago, only 500 cars were in operation
daily and bus operations had been
seriously curtailed. The company
owns 1000 street cars, and it is
estimated that an additional 400
should be acquired if minimum
transportation needs are to be met.
Civic organizations, government Of
ficials, and representatives of Los
Angeles war industries have in
sisted that the company improve its
service, and it is expected that the
Mayor of the city will take steps
to solve the problem.
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1944-08-25

Following the meeting of the
Youth Fellowship on Sunday eve
ming at the church, Mr.. Mack AL
exander, layman, of Vancleave,
preached an interesting sermon
from the 4th chapter of Prov
cribs. verses 10 and 10. Several
numbers were sung by the Mt.
Pleasant quartet, Mr. and Mrs.
l.. Ray Roberts, Messrs, Ruble
Roberts and Maurice Taylor, af-
ter the services.
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1944-08-25
Valley.

Valley.
Friends of Mrs. J. M Stone re-
greet to learn of her serious i'll
ness and wish for her a speedy
recovery.
Mesdames Jerry Sappington
and N. T. Lyons were business
visitors in Mobile last Friday.
Mesdames Willard Jones. Joe
Rubino, M. c. Crawford, Honor
Jones and Misses Frances and
Mary Ruth Jones, attended to
business in Moss Point and Pas
cagoula last Saturday.
The women of the Methodist
church are sponsoring an ice
cream supper Saturday night,
August 26th, on the lawn between
the church and school building.
There will be fun and entertain
ment for all. The public is cor
daily invited.
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1944-08-25

Miss June Anderson. life guard
for the city recreational commits
sion.
Those who passed and are now
eligible for advanced work are
Bonnie Sue Byrd, Dorothy Seal,
Jessie Ellen Krebs, Norma liver
sen, Bonadel Lander, Jerry
Burke, Marilyn Heinrich, Jasque-
lima McGlothlin, and Gloria Nc
Kenzie.
The test includes demonstra-
ton of various kicks and arm
strokes, floating, treading wa
ter, swimming under water and a
simple dive.
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1944-08-25
Nine Girl Scouts
Pass Intermediate
Swimming Test

Nine members OF Pascagoula
Girl Scout Troop Two passed the
Ped Cross swimming test at the
Old Spanish Fort under G.. M.
Matlack, Pascagoula recreation
al director and Red Cross exam
liner. The girls were coached by
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1944-08-25

The average human brain is
three times the size of the aver
age gorilla's.
Butte, Mont, is built owe one
of the worlds richest mineral de-
posts.
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1944-08-25
Commission No
Longer To Have
Leader Al Fort

Leadership furnished through
the stationing of Miss June An
derson at the Old Sanish Fort
has been discontinued, Thomas
r. Wells, chairman OF the Pas
cagoula Recreation Commission,
announced.
I'VE are sorry this action is
necessary" he said, "but Miss
Anderson must leave TO attend
school this fall"
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1944-08-25
County Teachers
Meet w esdoY
AT High School

A. F. Megehee, county super
intendent of education, has an
nounced the need of several high
school teachers to teach in rural
schools. Anyone interested in
qualifying for one of these po-
sitions please contact Mr.. Mcgee
hee at the court house as soon as
possible.
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1944-08-25

Cliff Rouse, Mrs. Emele Bonham
and Mrs. l.. S. Allen. were Gulf
port visitors on Tuesday.
Guests in the home of Mr.. and
Mrs. Ruble Roberts on Sunday
evening we're Mr.. and Mrs. J.
J. Ware and Denver Dale Lyons,
Mr.. and Mrs. l.. Ray Roberts and
Marshall Brady Roberts, and
Miss Mary Alice Holden.
Mrs. Florian IRELAND of Van
cleave was visiting her sister,
Mrs. r. j. VanHorn on Monday
Miss Margaret Ware is staying
afternoon.
this week with her aunt, Miss
Annie Laurie Ware in Pascagou-
la. while her grandmother is
away.
Miss Maude Roberts visited her
sister and niece. Mrs. Minnie
Hampton and Miss Wanda May
FURRY, in Gulfport last week.
Mrs. Sadie Steed was a Pas
cagoula visitor last Saturday.
Guests in the home of Mr.. and
Mrs. j. ]. Ware on Sunday and
enjoying a most delicious dinner,
were Mr.. and Mrs. R. j. VanHorn.
Miss Dollie and r. c. Roberts.
Mr.. and Mrs. Denver Lyons, and
Miss Lizzie Ware, the latter of
V~ancleave.
Mrs. Frank O'Neal visited her
son and daughter-in-law, Mr..
and Mrs. George M, O'Neal, in
Pascagoula on Tuesday.
Mr.. and Mrs. r. J. VanHorn
had as their guests on Saturday
evening MI, and Mrs, Kermit
Farmer and children from Mo
bile. and Mrs. Kate Roberts of
Gautier.
Rev. Windham of Escatawpa
filled his regular appointment at
Magnolia Baptist church at 3 p.
m. Sunday afternoon.
Mrs. Laura Bell and Miss An
ME Laurie Ware of Pascagoula,
were visiting relatives and
friends over the weekend. Mrs.
Ware remained for several days
stay. while Miss Annie Laurie
returned to her work at In
gals Shipyard on Monday.
Mr.. and Mrs. George M. O'Neal
we're guests on Sunday of Mr..
O'Neal's parents. Mr.. and Mrs.
J. Frank O'Neal. and attended
services at MI. Pleasant church.
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1944-08-25

of Terre Haute, Ind, expects to
join him in the spring.
Make Hardin OF the u. S. Mer-
chant Marine is spending a short
furlough with his family before
returning to San Diego, Calf.
Mr.. and Mrs. r.. NJ. Roberts
had as their guess ON 5undav
Mrs. Roberts brother-in-law and
sister, Mr.. and Mrs. r. d. Rob
bins of Bay ST. Louis and Mr..
and Mrs. E. r. Robbins of Hous-
ton, Texas.
The Chronicle-star combined with the Moss Point advertiser., 1944-08-25
Hurley

Mr.. and Mrs. Bill Haws of
Daisy Vestry visited with friends
in Hurley last Thursday. Mrs.
HaWs will be remembered as
Miss Edwina David, who taught
in the Hurley school for several
years.
Mrs. Jack Kitchens is visiting
relatives in PascagouIa this week.
Mr.. and Mrs. II. Fl. Harlow and
daughter of Laurel were Sunday
guests of Mr. and Mrs. J. A. At
we'll.
Mrs. Jack King has as her
house guest her sister, Miss Jane
benson of Meridian and Jackson,
Miss.
An occasion of much enjoy
ment in Hurley Thursday night
was a barn dance given at the
home of Mr.. and Mrs. Lamar
Barria. This festivity was in
honor of the birthday of their
son, J. l.. Barria.
Little Robert Mcdonald spent
last week end with his cousin,
Jimmie Mcdonald in Movella.
Friends of Mr.. and Mrs. Honor
Jones are glad to learn that their
baby daughter, Ina Mae, has
completely recovered from her
recent illness.
Miss Olga Hamilton, cadet
nurse at the Mobile Infirmary, is
enjoying a three-weeks' vacation
in the home of her parents, Mr..
and Mrs. E. w. Hamilton.
MI. E. J. Byrd's car was COM
pletely demolished by fire in
Pascagoula Monday morning. His
many friends extend to him their
sympathy.
Mesdames J. w. Valley and
Jack King honored Miss Olga
Hamilton with a lawn party Sat
urday night at the home of Mrs.
King. Many friends enjoyed the
gala event with the honoree.
A series of services are being
conducted at the Assembly of
God tabernacle.
Mr.. and Mrs. Early Carter are
welcoming into their home a
baby boy, born August Nth at
the Jackson County hospital.
The Woman's Society of Chris
tan Service met Tuesday morn
ing for its second study of the
book God and the Problem OF
Suffering" Leaders of the dis
cussions were Mesdames, Jack
King, Marvin Green, and J. w.
Imperial Valley press., 1944-07-20
indeIl's Homer
ayes Yankees
h Browns Game

NEW YORK, july 20. CUP)-The
w York Yankees, thanks to a
ree-run homer by Johnny Lindell,
Ilared accounts with the st. Louis
towns in their big series for the
herican league lead, but neither
am get an atom of support from
Louis Cardinal Manager Billy
uthworth, who still is not con-
heed that his boys will win the
hnant in their own circuit.
While the Yankees were whit
pg the st. Louis lead to two
mes with 6-to-5 victory
fdneSday night, SouthWorth was
/. fretful as ever over his Cardi-
Us, now fat 1919 games in front
the National league.
The Brooklyn Dodgers snapped
PIX. from their 15-game losing
eak to knock out Bucky Walters,
| National leagues best pitcher,
beating Cincinnati, 10 to 5. Wal
IS seeking his 10th victory, yield
sac runs and eight hits in three
iings, but his seven-game WIN
ig streak remained intact when
, Reds tied the score and Arnold
ster was charged with the de-
It. Carter was the victim of the
dgers' second uprising, a five
= rally in the eighth. Relief
cher Les Weber was the victor.
Imperial Valley press., 1944-07-20
Il-Houses tor Rent

UNFURNISHED bedroom house,
clean, electric hot water heater.
Inquire 365 Magnolia. Mrs. Echols.
100
Imperial Valley press., 1944-07-20

TWO-ROOM furnished house for
rent, refrigeration. Air cooled.
Adults only End of No. 9th st.
One mile out. Apply Mrs. Long.
ID
Imperial Valley press., 1944-07-20

ONE BEDROOM mouse completely
furnished except for dishes and
linen. Will rent for month of
August to right party with no
children. Has cooler, nice lawn,
etc. Inquire at 859 He'll after 80
7-24
Imperial Valley press., 1944-07-20
DEATH FUNERAL
NOTICES

Less than a week after her father
was indicted into the army, Sarah
Ann Elizabeth Leaman, one-year-
old, died from pneumonia in an Ell
Centre hospital.
The taby, daughter of Mr.. and
Mrs. Almo l.. Leaman of Imperial,
dice Wednesday morning.
Her father was permitted to re-
turn to Imperial Valley for the fun
eral which will be held at the
Lemons chapel in Ell Centre at 2
pm. Friday. Burial will be in Ever
green cemetery.
Imperial Valley press., 1944-07-20
9-Buslness Opportunities

A COMPLETE Garage and, Filling
station, centrally located near
Campo, Camp Lockett. No compe-
tition. Now doing splendid bus
mess. 50 miles east of San Diego
on highway "a. Low rent. Five
year lease on building and longer
if desired. Complete equipment
mocern. $500 cash clear. W.
P. Capehart, Box 1913, Jacumba,
California. 7-23
Imperial Valley press., 1944-07-20
VALLEY RESIDENT WOUNDED,
ANOTHER HELD MISSING

Lists of the war department re-
leased Thursday revealed that one
Imperial Valley resident has been
wounded in action and one is miss
ing.
Pfc. Gus S. KilliCn has been
wounded He has friends in FL Cen
tro.
Lieutenant Kenneth Earl Cotton,
brother of Richard Luman Cotton
of FL Centre, is missing in action.
He is in the naval reserve.
Imperial Valley press., 1944-07-20
JACK CHASE DECISIONS
PAUL LEWIS At OAKLAND

OAKLAND, Cal, July 20. CUP)-
Jack Chase, former California state
midcleweight champion, made it two
straight over Paul Lewis, brother of
former champion John Henry Lewis,
Wednesday night by taking a 10
round decision at Oakland audi
torium.
Leroy Page, 165, Oakland, tko'd
Bucdy Souza, 164, Oakland go;
Billy Smith, 166, Oakland, decision
ed Leroy Wade, 1863, San Francisco
90; Ted Roger, 1872, Chicago, de-
cisioned Cy Perkins, 149, Hayward
"a.
Imperial Valley press., 1944-07-20

WANTED-Boys to carry evening
paper route. See Art Davis, Post
Press
Imperial Valley press., 1944-07-20
BELIEVE IT OR NOT

SOUTH WINDHAM, Me, July 10.
CUP)-Clayton Fuller of Spring.
field, Massachusetts,, was fishing in
the Crowford river recently when
he found a pair of glasSes-t their
lenses intact. They proved to be
glasses lost by his father-in-law,
Clarence Ripley CT South Union, in
1916.
Imperial Valley press., 1944-07-20
BATS FOR UNCLE SAM

OAKLAND, Cal, July 20. CUP)-
Henry (CottonD Pippen, 33, ace
light-hande6' pitcher of the league
leading Oakland Acorns, has been
accepted for service by the navy
and will report for duty Saturday.
Imperial Valley press., 1944-07-20

SCHOOL BOY wanted for light
yard work. Apply Las PalmaS
Court Hotel. 7-26
Imperial Valley press., 1944-07-20
I2-Wanted to Rent

WANTED TO RENT-Modcrn cabin
in Live Oaks or Jacumba. Forrest
Damron, 430 S. 9Th, Ell Centre.
7-25
Imperial Valley press., 1944-07-20
UNPUBLISHED Y

UNFURNISHED Y duplex, newly
decorated, rooms, bath, $25. 312
S. E ST., Imperial. Inquire 211h
S. E. 7-2l
Imperial Valley press., 1944-07-20
Don't Wants" Then Buy Bonds and Stamps
Lost, Found. Strayed

LOST-No. A Gasoline book belong
ing to j. H. Hammond Jr. Re-
turn to Ration Board. 7-21
LOST-No. 4 Ration Book. Mavine
Console. 535 So. 4th. 7-22
Imperial Valley press., 1944-07-20
I0-Aparfments tor Rent

MODERN air-cooled and 3 room
Apis. Singles ice box. Doubles
cleo, frig. Large coolers. Green
Lantern Auto, Phone 1710-J.
ReaSoOa hle
Imperial Valley press., 1944-07-20

The Coast Guard is responsible
for enforcement of laws governing
construction, equipment, manning
and inspection Of commercial YES
sells
Imperial Valley press., 1944-07-20
160 ACRES

exception one of the
incest 100 acres in Mountain En-
pire District. 3 miles north of
Campo. 30 acres tillable. Large
live oak trees. Water plentiful.
40 going fruit trees, plums, peach
es, apples, and pears. Young. 3
thousand gallon water tank. Red
wood residence, small, but we'll
built with sleeping porches. Fire
place. Garage. 20 hip. tractor
goes with the place. Gas range.
Price $475000, $4,000 down, bal
ance to suit. Owner has to sell.
Defense work. w. p. Capehart,
Box 1913, Jacumba, California.
TOO
The CIO news. (Cumberland, Md.) 1942-????, 1944-04-10
g. Vote Bill
CONTINUED from Page 81

Continued from Page 81
armed forces get a state ballot or that 1t
would be counted when it is returned.
Accordingly, the President asked the
u. S. Congress to amend the present bill
along the lines of the Green-Lucas amend
ment
mo State or Federal red tape should
take from our young folk in the service
their right to vote" he said
The CIO news. (Cumberland, Md.) 1942-????, 1944-04-10

TRANSMISSION ut all. The red and white cells
or c0rpuscles are removed, and the re-
mainder n the same whatever race h
comes from. The Blood Bank calls it
plasma. It Is dried and kept indefinitely.
When needed for emergency transfusions,
1t h mixed with water and can save the
life Of any man or woman In the worA
In the world today the darkest people
are in West Africa, the nghtest people in
northwest Europe, while in southeast Asia
are men with yellowish-tan skins. Most
people I'm the world, however, are not Of
these extremes, but are in-betweens. These
in-betweens probably have the skin shades
that were once most common, the white
yellow, and dark brown or black being en-
IRENE varieties.
Recently scientists found that skin color
Is determined by two special chemicals.
One of these, carotene, gives q yellow
tinge; the other, melanin, contributes the
brown. These colors, along with the pink
ish tinge that comes when the blood YES
sells show through, give various shades to
the human skin.
People of browner compilations simply
have more melanin in their skin, people Of
yellowish color more carotene. It is not
an all-or-nothing difference; 1t is a differ
ence in proportion. Your skin color is due
to the amount of these chemicals present in
the skin.
Aryans, Jews, Italians are not races
Aryans are people who speak Indo-European.
"Aryan" languages. Hitler uses the term
in many ways-sometimes for blond Euro
peans. including the Scandinavians; some
times for Germans. whether blond or bru.
net; sometimes for all who agree with NJ
politically including the Japanese
The CIO news. (Cumberland, Md.) 1942-????, 1944-04-10
Truth About Race.

I'm the interest of truth and ,vith
the firm belief that the facts should
be made available to servicemen as
yell as civilians, The CIO NEWS
heresOifh prints the second of a series
of arficIes-e1cerbfs from the pam
bhlef, "The Races of Mankind" The
bambhIef ,Cas sCriffen by DIR. Gene
Welffsh and Prof. Ruth Benedict. 1t
sOas approved BY competent author
tiles as scientifically accurate, but
sCaS denied TO Servicemen and sCom.
en- aOho are overseas after Repre-
sentative Andre,O J. May. of Ken
lucky, objected to it because it did
nor agree sOifh his particular brand of
racial bhilosobhy.)
For ages men have spoken of blood
relations" as if different peoples had differ
ent blood. Some people have shouted that
if we got into our veins the blood of some.
one with a different head shape eye color,
hair texture. or skin color, we should get
some of that persons physical and mental
characteristics.
Modern science has revealed this TO
be pure superstition. All human blood Is
the same, whether 1t Is the blood Of an
Eskimo or . Frenchman, of the "purest'
German "Aryan" or an African pygmy-
except for one medically important differ
ence.
Gradually investigators learned that
there are four types of blood called o, A, B,
and ABB. and that although blood typed o
can be mixed successfully with the other
another without dumping.
TYPES IN ALL RACES
Today doctors do not type" blood Ger