davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1944-05-07

and the collaboration between labor
Industry and government.
Both labor and industry in Brit
ain realize that they have no easy
task in the postwar years, but they
will face their problems with the
same energy and determination with
which they have met the crises of
the war. They look forward to a
freer, more prosperous world.
Mr.. Morrison, our Home Secretary
In a speech early last year, gave
expression to what I believe is a
general British attitude when he
said that lit is as certain as day
light that, at the end of the old
road of economic nationalism, there
lies one more bitter and bloody
lesson for humanity, one more Pc
riod Of poverty and depression
where there could be enrichment
and prosperity. International trade
on nationalist, competitive basis
is economic war; economic war leads
to military war; attempts at eco
nomic domination will be resisted
like attempts at military domina-
ton and will divide the world into
warning camps.
so the question is--are we going
to set out toward hope or toward
despair? Both at home and abroad
that issue is before us. We cannot
alone lay down economic policies
for the world, but we can give the
right lead, or hasten to follow If it
Is given elsewhere"
Evening star., 1944-05-07
| Public Library
| Book Pointers
BY E. B. Mills,
Readers Adviser, Georget0wn Branch,
Public Library

fupuC LiDThTy.
Readers OF Russian fiction who
have been struck by the vitality,
freshness and psychological truth
of the great Russian novels may be
curious to read first-hand of the life
that produced this magnificent lit
erature. Interesting memoirs which
show different facets of Russian life
may be found at the Public Library.
A classic in this field is "A Rus
sian Gentleman" by Sergiei T.
Aksakov. 1t is the story of Aksa-
kov's grandfather. rough, energetic
landowner of GATHERINGS time, who
took his serfs and family with him
to the eastern district of Orenburg,
then being settled, broke the rich
earth and built homestead in the
wilderness. The bright morning air
Of the open steppe breathes through
these pages; the love story of Aksa-
kov's parents is told with artless
charm, and that Russian patri-
archal life seems very reminiscent
of our own South and West in pio-
neer days. Years of Childhood" +"
which follows, is a memoir of Aksa-
kov's own happy, dreamy childhood
"A Russian Schoolboy" continues
with his schooldays at Kazan.
Alexander Herzen is associated
with the "Westernizers" of Russia.
Born in 1912, the son of an eccentric
Moscow nobleman, he spent most of
his life in exile in Europe. working
for Russia's political freedom. His
autobiography, called in English,
MY Life and Thoughts" reveals a
vital, generous man of superior in
tellect endowed with remarkable
historical intuition. 1t is full of wit
and color and abounds in vivid
thumbnau sketches of significant
personalities. -
Evening star., 1944-05-07
Continued From Page C-1)

self-suficiency. Some countries like
Germany practically reduced their
foreign trade to a barter basis. We
were living in an age of economic
warfare. This economic struggle
certainly contributed to increasing
the political tensions which finally
produced war.
What we hope to see after the war
is state of economic security and
stability, which will encourage in
vestment and stimulate trade on the
widest possible basis. That does not
mean that we are opposed to thu
growth of new industries in un-
developed areas. Industrialization
is one of the means of increasing
living standards and therefore OF
enabling countries to buy more
freely abroad. In the past it has
been our common experience that
the best markets for British goods
were to be found not in backward
agriculture areas, but in the in.
dustrialized countries with a high
StanQard OF living.
Intelligent Policy Needed.
No doubt British industry will
need a flexible and intelligent ex-
port policy. 1t will have lost ground
in some markets which it could not
supply during the war, but there
will be fresh opportunities and new
demands in others. Every increase
in the prosperity Of other nations
can contribute to the expansion OF
our foreign trade and the recovery
of our own prosperity. Most of all
we hope to see rapid return OF
peacetime prosperity in the United
States, which plays SO large a part
Evening star., 1944-05-07

NOR, Allied aircraft took the war to
the Japs in the Pacific and Truk
was not overlooked during the cam
palgn, another carrier force hitting
heavily at the important Jap base
While surface craft moved in close
enough to Ponape and Satawan to
shell the shore installations. The at
tack on Truk actually began on Sat-
urday, April 20, and lasted for three
days, during which Sc aircraft were
shot down and 60 destroyed on the
ground. More than 300 tons of
bombs were dropped on the Truk
defenses, American losses were con-
fined to 80 missing flyers. During
the attack on Truk and its satellite
bases, huge Liberator bombers of
the 7th Army Air Force dropped
nearly 100 tons of bombs on Wake
Island.
Monday, exploiting the new bases
in the Hollandia area on New
Guinea, Allied bombers raided the
LEHMAN airdrome in the Sorong area
only TOO miles from the Philippines.
Other raids occurred on the Schou-
ten Islands $50 miles from Hol-
landia off the coast of New Guinea
and various New Guinea targets
were hit. Rabaul took its daily past
ing and WeWak was attacked both
by aircraft and PIT boats.
A serious blow to the Japs was the
death of Admiral Koga, commander
of the combined japanese feet
whose death occurred in March, but
was just revealed last week. Ad.
miral Koga was said to have beer
killed in an aircraft during actua
combat. His fate was much the
same as that of Admiral Yamamoto
his predecessor, who died without
making good his proud boast that he
would dictate the peace terms in
the White House, which was prob
ably just as well, for present indica-
tions are that he would have beer
disappointed
One tragic announcement was
made during the week, the War De.
partment revealing the loss of q
transport with 498 military casual.
ties in the Mediterranean. The date
was not given, but was said to have
been recent.
Evening star., 1944-05-07
Japanese May Make Stand
COntinentatBitte End
By James D. Whife,

A pattern of long-range defensive
strategy, based on a fortress Of East
Asia, appears to be emerging from
current japanese tactics. Japan's
home islands may some day become
mere outposts.
Core of Premier Hideki Tojo's
Asiatic fortress is Manchuria, Korea
and North China. Japan may fight
her death battle as a continental
power, abandoning the Japanese
masses to Allied occupation while
intact Japanese armies make their
final stand between the yellow and
Amur Rivers.
This is looking long way ahead,
but ranking military authorities here
no longer discount the theory. The
Tojo war machine-already based to
considerable extent on Manchurian
industries and continental resources
some day may move bag and bag
gage to Manchuria and North China.
With it, it would take considerable
technical labor strength as war
plants in Japan proper crumble be-
meath Allied bombs and naval
shells.
This appears to be the strategy
which TOTO and his planners consider
will provide the most time for them
to induce Allied war WEAKNESS and
negotiated peace. Its fundamental
purpose, would be to keep the Japa-
nese military spirit alive by provid-
ing room and resources for japanese
armies still to wage war even though
the home islands might have to be
given up after long and bitter fight
ing. Among these resources would
be vast puppet armies of Manchuri-
an and possibly Chinese troops.
Plan Canal Repairs. q
Latest signpost to this long range
japanese choice is the announce
ment by the japanese radio that the
prewar equivalent of $500, 900 900 is
to be spent this year to repair the
l 600 -mile-long grand canal to link
Evening star., 1944-05-07
Stussen
Continued From Page C-1,

tle-ups between enterprise and CAP
ltal through an exclusive favored
banker arrangement" This appears
to be support for the SECS pro-
posal to force competitive bidding
on new securities.
The antitrust laws, he believes
should be brought up to date, and
he indicates that they should be
made stronger against international
cartels and patent monopolies.
He approves the present social
security programs and would extend
them, taking care, however, not to
put premium on idleness. For the
postwar unemployed, he advocates q
program of public works, mostly
federally financed, but locally ad-
ministered under contracts. His pro-
grams include national as we'll as
local highways and national and in
ternational airports.
For the farmer he sponsors q
floor below which prices could not
fall, but no ceiling. He does not
believe in subsidies for curtailec
production.
He thinks that strong labor or
ganizations are good things that are
here to stay, saying:
THE great industrial DEVELOPMENT
OF America and the power that 8
free enterprise system places In the
hands of management requires eth
er the development of strong organ
lzatlons OF labor or the develop
ment of a powerful centralized Gov
ernment.
1T Is conceivable that a Govern.
ment of reaction might tear down
the pillars of labor in America. But
the temple of America itself would
be brought down with it. For labor
Is not commodity. Labor is peo-
ple-men and women-fellow citi-
zens."
Stassen is almost inordinately
proud of what he calls the count
10" labor law he worked out fol
Minnesota to reduce strikes. 1t has
reduced them 10 per cent. This law
which Senator Bali revised for ma
tional application is modelled after
the Federal Railway Labor Act and
provides waiting periods from 20 to
SO days, during which the workers
cannot strike
printed by Special ArranEemept with the
st. Louis Post-Dispateh
Evening star., 1944-05-07
By Msry.Carfer Roberts.
Yankee From Olympus: JUS.
tice Holmes and His Family

BY Catherine Drinker BoDen.
little, BroiDn.)
Branching into American biogra-
ply for the first time, Mrs. Bowen
made happy selection in deciding
lon Oliver Wendell Holmes for the
subject. 1t is doubtful if any figure
in contemporary history affords .
better field for the art of the biog-
lrapher, and Mrs. Bowen has done
full credit to the jurist whose think
ling was to have so pronounced an
effect on the course of constitutional
law.
There is nothing stereotyped or
dull about the work, which Is as
much story Of his time as it Is Of
the man himself. Holmes never
walks alone, but always as a part Of
a changing American scene in
which, ultimately. he emerges IN
dominant role. If, occasionally, the
author seems to indulge in whimsi-
cal embellishments, they only add to
the attractiveness Of the story.
An individualist, Justice Holmes Is
pictured as the product of individ-
ualists. Strong men and strong
women had their part in his life.
There was Grandfather Abiel, Con-
necticut Calvinist," historian and
pastor of the First Parish Church Of
Cambridge, who lost his charge for
refusing to permit the exposition OF
Unitarian doctrines from his pulpit.
Then the first Oliver Wendell
Holmes, failure at law, but emil
nent in the field of medicine and
letters. The talkative, diminutive
Autocrat of the Breakfast Table
who one day was to brush aside the
Inspirations of a son with the brusque
assertion that "a lawyer can't be a
great man." Finally, the beloved
Fanny Dixwen Holmes, the wife
who, for so years, urged Holmes on
ward, and so often stood as q buffer
between father and son, who never
semed to understand each other
/ His studies, interrupted by the
Civil War, in which he served with
distinction, Holmes was nearing a
when he entered Harvard Law
School and Al when recognition first
came in the way Of an appointment
to the Supreme Court of Massachu-
setts. He was 81 when appointed to
the United States Supreme Court by
Theodore Roosevelt, who looked
at the court through political eyes
l-and never forgave Justice Holmes
for refusing to permit expediency to
temper his opinions.
"To Holmes the Supreme Court
existed for the purpose of interpret
ing the statutes according to the
IConstitution of the United States
not as whipping post for malefac-
tors Of great or little wealth." Mrs.
Bowen writes.
On Justice Holmes famous dis
sents-which, in many instances, to-
lday stand as law-Mrs. Bowen
makes am observation that is par
lticularly pertinent in view of the
|sharp cleavage in the court today.
Holmes always regretted the ne
|cessity of dissenting, she says, "be-
lieving that too many dissents de-
tract from the prestige of the court.
iBut the blunt fact remained that,
In period of vast and almost revo-
'llutionary social change, Holmes
found himself on the bench with
INA jority so conservative as to be not
merely stubborn but blind. He had
to voice his dissent-to remain ST.
lent would have been to shirk his
duty" j. A. FOX.
Evening star., 1944-05-07
Hard Drive in East Vital
To Invasion From West
Would Relieve Pressure by Keeping Reserves
From Aiding Defense When Allies
Strike Across Water
By Constantine Browu.

The success of the invasion of
Western Europe is predicated on
the fullest cooperation of the
Soviet armies. Unless they attack
with at least as much violence and
determination as they have shown
at and after Stalingrad the road
ahead of us will be hard and un-
certain. The 1926 Nazi and satellite
divisions which the German high
command is said still to have at its
disposal must be so engaged that
the bulk should be occupied on the
eastern front. The German gen.
erals must not be given the pos
sibility of transferring any of their
forces from east to west to
strengthen the 60 divisions they are
reported to have available in West
ern Europe.
Should the Russians be capable
of this last effort-and there seems
to be no reason why they shall not
continue their offensive against the
heart of the Reich in the course of
this summer-the betting among
military men in Washington is that
before the year is over Germany
will have to capitulate.
The battles ahead of us, from D.
day, which is now very close, to the
time when the German generals
realize that it would be futile for
them to continue the fight, will un-
questionably be the most severe
and costly in history. The German
armies have not given up the hope
for victory. The German generals
are convinced that successful de-
fense of the western wall would
bring about stalemate which could
be politically exploited. The Ger
man general staff considers now its
main task is to defeat our attempt
to gain permanent foothold in
Western Europe.
Would Hold Russians.
The German strategy during the
next few months will be, if our in
formation is correct, to hold the
Russians back by yielding some
ground wherever necessary, while
the divisions which have been con-
centrated in Western Europe will
fight bitter defensive offensive.
1t is difficult, of course, to obtain
a clear picture of the disposition OF
the German forces. From the best
available information it appears
that the western front Is already
saturated" That Is to say, there
are as many troops manning the
western wall and in reserve as it is
militarily practicable. Besides the
reported so divisions in France and
the Lowlands, another group of
about 40 to SO divisions is said to be
concentrated in Western Germany
ready to be rushed wherever they
may be needed to replace the deci-
mated troops.
The Allies have a fairly compre-
henSive picture of the strength of
the Nazis along the Atlantic wall,
They have prepared the defenses
In that area for more than two
years. In the last IL months, ever
since 1t became obvious that the
main attack of the Anglo-Ameri-
cans would have to come from
across the Channel, these defenses
have been further perfected. What
Evening star., 1944-05-07

North and Central China together
with an interior waterway for over.
land shipping.
Another sign may be in the sur.
prising weaknesses which recent Al
lied operations have disclosed alone
Japan's more farflung outposts o1
conquest. Most of these weaknesses
can be ascribed to Japanese Ship
ping losses.
The Chinese allege that 18 Japa-
nese divisions have been concen-
trated in North China-mostly from
Manchuria-with still more massine
in Central China. Chungking says
this could mean either: % A cam
paign to cut off the East China
bulge-and Allied bomber bases
thereby capturing the unconquered
sections of the north-south railway
between Peiping and Canton, or 90
an even more ambitious campaign to
capture Chungking and paralyze
China as an Allied offensive base
altogether.
Either possibility reveals Tojo's
defensive frame of mind. He must
at all costs delay land-based bomb
ing attacks on Japan's war economy
situated partly in Japan itself. but
increasingly in Manchuria anc
North China.
TOTO issthe leader of the Man.
churia-minded" crowd in the Japa
nese Army. His right-hand man il
Naoki HoShino, q civilian admins.
traitor who built up Manchurian in.
dustry at the time TOTO was training
thousands of young japanese in the
technique Of exploiting conquered
Asia.
More han five years ago Hoshine
told me: THE center of gravity oil
the japanese Empire already has
shifted to Manchuria." We talkee
in a huge modern government build.
ing-one Of many which were fal
too big for the administration OF
Manchuria's provincial affairs alone
distributed by the Associated pressN
Evening star., 1944-05-07
Full of Thy Riches
By Elizabeth and Margaret
FerreU. (MiH.)

The chief item of interest about
this novel is that the work treats
Of an American frontier which has
been badly neglected by both his
torians and fictioneers-the frontier
opened up in the late SOS by the
discovery of petroleum's usefulness.
Oil today means Oklahoma, Texas
and California to most people, but
the fact is that the first we'll was
opened in Pennsylvania and that
for many years West Virginia and
Pennsylvania were the country's
chief oil producing States. The fact
is, too, that when the strike was first
made there was a lively boom, COM
parable in intensity, If not in size, to
the gold rush of the 40s. The pres
ent novel deals with that boom. One
of It's authors, Elizabeth Ferrell, is
daughter of a prospector OF the
period, and the other, Margaret Fer
rell, is a granddaughter. The scene
OF the work is Burning Springs,
w. Va, still an active field and the
oldest producing one in the world
today.
The discovery of any new natural
source of wealth in a primitive coun-
try has apparently certain fixed ac-
companiments-ar rush Of capitalists
and adventures, mushroom growth
of towns, a lawless order of society,
an imported luxury imposed on a
crude background. Such is the
picture which the authors present
here. Out of their close personal
knowledge of the history of Burn
ing Springs they develop, too. more
details Of a unique order than is
the rule with the historical work
of fiction. The general course of
the work carries through 1862,
when the boom was at it's height,
to the catastrophe which for a
Evening star., 1944-05-07
The Neqv Books
Tell the Folks Back Home
BIZ Senator James M. Mead.
(ADpIeton-Ce

By Senator James M. Mead.
(Appleton- -CenturyJ
This is the first war book which
the reviewer has read-and she has
read now several hundred-which
seemed to her capable of rousing
patriotic enthusiasm for the con-
fiict. It is the record which Senator
Mead, Democrat, Of New York made
of his trip around the combat cir
cult from England to Africa, to
India, to China, to Australia, to the
South Sea Islands. 1t was q trip
made by q group Of Senators in the
interest of investigating various
war activities, Senator Mead's par
ticular interest being lease-lend pro-
cedures. But the report which he
has written is not of that side of
the journey. 1t is of the conduct
of our own forces and of the great
ness of the United States Of
America, as manifested by our saw
ing part in this most idiotic and
criminal Of all wars.
It Is America that is winning the
fight; 1t Is American production
methods that are speeding up the
victory; 1t Is Americas technicians,
trained under American private en-
terprise and business, who are Gre
ating techniques of combat which
surpass anything the specialized
military castes of Europe have
dreamed of; it Is American scientists
who are cutting the casualties down
to the lowest figure ever recorded
of any war. It Is, In short, America
which will turn the whole horrible
business from q senseless shambles
to hope-if that can be done. So
says the Senator with unabashed
pride and honesty and good old
American brag. And why not? As
far as this reviewer is concerned,
there is no reason why not. After
reading some dozen machoistic
bleats by cringing inkmen who
would have us believe that we are
mere junior partners in this global
revolution, the sound of an Amer
ican Is music to another Americans
ear.
What the Senator emphasizes is
that this is an engineers war, and
that American engineers are regu-
larly producing the miracles which
are needed to confound the enemy
on every front. The great technical
minded Germans, he observes, do
not even have dump trucks. The
Japanese rely on pick and shovel to
build their airfields. Amarican en-
gineers. called upon to produce five
fields in four days in unbroken
country, filled the bill, and an Amer
lean soldier operating a bulldozer
rode up to Jap foxhole and, with
swing of his mechanical shovel,
buried the little yellow men alive.
Americans have built roads faster
than a man could walk, and they
were roads capable of carrying
heavy military traffic. In Arctic,
tropical jungle and desert condi-
tions, it Is our methods and ma
terials, says the Senator, which have
given the United Nations the edge
on their enemies. And he quotes
chapter and verse to prove it. He
Is q patriot, not an apologist. One
hopes that he will hold that atti-
tude when the days come in which
our achievements will be belittled
and our honor assailed, as happened
after the last World War We nm
ished at Europe's monotonous be-
ginning.
Evening star., 1944-05-07
The Seven SIeepers
BIZ. Mark Van Doren

oy MUM FuI DOfcH. tnOLt./
In this collection of short poems
there is fair amount of poetry
but also a good deal of wordage
1t would be hard to indicate how
winnowing out could be made
however, for the materials are pretty
well mixed; one finds both within
the limits of single poem. Mr..
Van Doren tends to begin with
pure lines and then to lapse into
obscurity. The result is that one
reads his verses with regularly
diminishing interest. The majority
of the pieces deal with the war,
which is viewed with appropriate
disilluSion, L
Evening star., 1944-05-07
Best Sellers
FICTION.

A Tree Grows In Brooklyn, by
Betty Smith.
Strange Fruit, by Lillian
Smith.
The Apostle, by Sholem Asch.
So Little Time, by John P.
Marquand.
The Razor's Edge, by w.
Somerset Vaughan.
NONFICTION.
Good Night, Sweet Prince, by
Gene Fowler.
They Shall Not Sleep, by Le-
land Stowe.
Here Is Your War, by Ernie
Pyle.
Tarawa, by Robert Sherrod.
Persons and Places, by George
Santayana.
Evening star., 1944-05-07

The reviewer has never found any
way to review poetry beyond saying
that it is there. To her mind, if
a book Of verse Is poetry, and is
named as such. then 1t is described.
For more, the interested must needs
read it. The point is that thou
sands of books of verse are published
each year which are not poetry.
Trial BY Time" is-from which it
follows that Thomas Hornsby Ferril
is a poet. Well, there you are. The
statements may seem fiat in this
flat-pitched age, but it was for such
as Mr.. Ferril that the ancients
reserved their wreaths of bay. His
book consists. in the main, of short
poems expressive of-er-moods de-
rived from contemplation of Amer
icas present and past, sometimes
separate, sometimes kaleidoscoped.