davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Wilmington morning star., 1944-07-28

which will begin about 5:45 o'clock
in the afternoon, Will include a
talk by Lieut.. Gg) Mary Frances
1vey, USNR (W), of Raleigh, Sc
Nor Wave officer in the state.
She is expected to review the great
contributions North Carolina wonl-
en-, working in uniform and in war
plants, have made to the war eff
fort Lieut.. Ivey, native of Dur
ham and now stationed in the Of
flee Of Naval Officer Procurement.
will be introduced by Command
er Ralph E. Mills, USNR, of Will
mington.
She Or Commander Mills will
discuss briefly the growth of the
Waves to the point that today they
are filling 10 per cent of the shore
establishment billets in the con-
tinental United States. This has
enabled more than $4,000 men to
be assigned to duty af:oat or over
seas.
The program will reach it's eli
max at 6 o'clock as Ensign Rama
V. Blackwood, USNR (W), of
Charlotte, smashes the traditional
bottle of champagne against the
bow Of U.S.S. Southampton, ninth
AKA vessel built by the yard.
Ensign Blackwood, native of
Elkin, is in charge of the Char
lotte office of Naval Officer Pro-
curement for Women. Her attend
ants will be Dorothy Lazair, Y
The Wilmington morning star., 1944-07-28

local white women was given an
eight months prison term. with the
sentence suspended in favor OF
a ive-year probationary period.
Mrs. Strickland was ordered to
make restitution in the amount OF
S56.67 to Abe Simon, ard s61.57 to
NJ. I. Davis.
1t was alleged that Mrs. Strick-
land cashed shipyard pay roll
checks not belonging to ner.
Lindsey Townsend, p-cading gull
ty to larceny and receiving, yes
terday drew a term of not less
than three years nor more than
five years in State prison.
Emanuel Benjamin, found guilty
OF larceny and receiving was Civ
en- a six months road sentence.
| The Grand jury reported SO wit
The Wilmington morning star., 1944-07-28
THE WILMINGTON MORNING STAR WILMINGTON, NJ {:

ceny and receiving, was sentenced
to 18 months.
The jury returned verdict of
not guilty in the case of Harrison
Gray, Negro, charged with the
'atal stabbing of Romino Hicks
Solicitor Clifton L. Moore had
asked for verdict of guilty of
second degree murder, or man.
slaughter, to be determined by
the evidence submitted.
In another case tried yesterday
afternoon. James Moore was found
guilty of breaking and entering
and received an 10 months SEN
tence.
Charged with forgery and false
pretense, and pleading nolo con.
tendere to the charge through her
counsel, Mrs. Yates Strickland.
The Wilmington morning star., 1944-07-28
PASSED
IN MORALS CASE

John A. preacher was sentenced
to Is to 80 years in state prison
here today after the jury returned
a verdict of guilty on a charge Of
a crime against nature, in the
July term of Superior court, pre-
dided over by Judge Henry l..
Stevens of Warsaw.
PREACHER had entered a plea of
not guilty.
Gabriel Nelson, pleading guilty
to charges of storebreaking lar
The Wilmington morning star., 1944-07-28

nesses examined and As true bills
found. 1t reported that all New
Hanover Justices OF the peace have
rendered record and made urgent
request that all witnesses coming
before the Grand Jury be requir-
ed to be on hand at the time ap-
pointed.
The Wilmington morning star., 1944-07-28
WAVE LAUNCHING
{ ,cHEDULED TODAY

remington today notes the Sec
WV, a,niyersary of the establish
0ao If the Waves with the obser-
afn' "a be highlighted with the
ly'''. .,'J of one O. tie new AKA
'., u naval vessels at the yard of
TpF North Carolina Shipbuilding
ae onv under the sponsorship of
'o", aF+@ractive young officer of the
a. ..,' sr, late this afternoon.
's Window displays in downtown
wa. radio programs and other
so. ~ are calling the public's at
'lS .:on 10 the date and its mean
.e ,,,' to the nation.
' r.o ceremony at the shipyard,
The Wilmington morning star., 1944-07-28

Smartypants Japs little thought
they'd be helping sale of U. S.
War Bonds when they printed up
invasion" money, to be used
when they captured Australia. Cpl.
William r. Whitworth of Cleve-
land, U. S. Army Amphibious En-
gineer, sent his wife some of the
shilling and half-shilling notes as
souvenirs, and she donated them
to the Cleveland Variety Clubs
bond auction. Above, she holds the
Jap money in one hand, in the
other. the $1,000 in War Bonds
which it brought at the sale.
The Wilmington morning star., 1944-07-28

1c, and Mary Blackwell, Y &c, Of
Raleigh.
Others representing the Navy at
the ceremony will be Lieut.. LODI
wick Hartley, USNR, of Raleigh,
officer in charge of the Office of
Naval Officer Procurement; Lieut..
M. J. Mile. USNR, officer in
charge of N.val Recruiting in
North Carolina; Josephine E. Eu-
banks, Y &c, and Jean Butler, S
1c, of Wilmington. Ensign Black
woods parents, Mr.. and Mrs. ]. T.
Blackwood, of Elkin, and sister,
Peggy Blackwood, will also at
tend.
The U.S.S. Southampton, an arm
ed cargo ship, is named in honor
of a county in Virginia.
The Wilmington morning star., 1944-07-28

Grenades which can be launched
from the Garand semi-automatic
rifle include the anti-tank grenade,
hand augmentation grenade, the
familiar pineapple grenade a n d
approximately 30 signal grenades.
The Wilmington morning star., 1944-07-28

Il, and relieve the hot burning sting
s09' i..b Of heat rash, cool burn of pain
slu . aburn with Mexsana, the soothing,
la .i 5ra powder. Contains ingredients
nsu i.Tsts often use to relieve these dis
sPsY tar+o Costslittle. Demand Mexsana.
The Wilmington morning star., 1944-07-28

BUY WAR BONDS AND STAMPS
The Wilmington morning star., 1944-07-28

Heavy duty battery, de-
signed for modern driv-
ing conditions. Depcnda-
bic construction through
out delivers the pow
err you need!
Bradley beam., 1944-01-15
HARTFORD TRANSFORMATION

At 0200 every morning, g two and one-half ton truck is available to transport personnel from Hart ford to the main gate. This truck leaves the railroad station prompt ly at the above hour and makes one stop at the Keney Tower.
 A 1905 daily, bus to Hartford leaves from Windsor Locks.
 The Bradley Field bus leaves for Windsor Locks daily on the hour and on the half hour. By leaving at 1880 connections can be made in Windsor Locks with the 1905 bus for Hartford.
 At 2315 daily a bus leaves the Hartford Railroad Station for Brad ley Field. Two buses are available if the situation warrants.
 These arrangements have been for the convenience of the men who are On pass or furlough, thereby eliminating the need of hitchhik- ing.
Bradley beam., 1944-01-15
SPRINGFIELD

The U. s. o. Center and six clubs offer an unusually attractive pro- gram daily. SATURDAY.
 8:30 P. M.-Dance at U. S. O.. Center
 9:45 P. M.-Servicemen's Radio Broadcast over Station WMAS (s25 bond prizes for servicemen and women with talent) at U. S. O. Center
 500 P. M.-Professoinal basket ball game. (Limiter number of tickets available at U. s. O. Gen. ter SUNDAY
 1O:OO 11:O0 A. M.-Sunday Morning Coffee Club, followed by Church Cavalcade Ia guide to the church of your choice) at 10:30 ..-=@ 1O:0O A. M. 200 P. M.-Brun- cheon Especial Program, junior hostesses, free photos to send home, luncheon served) at Jew ish Community Center, Maple Street
 800 P. M.-Y.M.C.A. SUNDAY SERIES-National Symphony Orchestra - HANS KINDLER, Conductor (Tickets at USO Gen. ter) at Municipal Auditorium, Court Square.
 7:3O P. M.-Chapel Service-Sal- vation Army
 7:30 P. M.-Party with Junior Hostesses-Y. W. c. A., at 26 Howard Street
 500 P. M.-Music Night-Infor- nal Sing-U. s. O. Center MONDAY
 7:3O P. M.-Dancing Class for Beginners-U. s. o. Center 8:30 P. M.-Dance-N. c. c. S., 121 Lyman Street 
 All Day Open House Swimming -Y.M.C.A.
 8:15 P. M. Open House, Enter tainment and Dance-N. c. c. s. A State St.
 8:3O P. M. Dance-Y.M.C.A. WEDNESDAY,
 7:15 P. M. Young Peoples Soc iety Meeting-S A. 12 Stearns Square
 500 P. M. Open House, Enter.
Bradley beam., 1944-01-15
y0u said tt .
 Girls
(Windsor Locks USO)

Why don't you speak for yourself Joe?
 Assistant Director Mary Jane Tooke is inaugurating a Sym phonic Hour" on Sunday evenings at the Club. If you class yourself as a devotee of the three "B's" (Bach, Beethoven and Brahms to you), by all means drop in and get the spirit definitely good for the soul, and all that, you know.
 Tommy "Snuffy" Smith has again popularized the talk letter home" period. Come on boys, there are plenty of discs available for that special extra special-Valen- tine greeting. Tommy will do the honors-he doesn't tell either. @
 Boys, did you know that your wives are welcome to use the Club facilities at anytime Tell them to come in to register We would like to plan special little get-togethers especially for them.
Bradley beam., 1944-01-15
ATTENTION MOVIE FANS!

The Armed Forces Club at 43 Prospect Street has free tickets fol all frst-run movie houses.
 The supply is limited. Tickets are distributed on a first-come-first- served basis from the hostess desk. Not only free tickets are available but there are tickets to other in- teresting affairs being given in Hartford. Come to the Armed Forces Club for any up-to-date in. formation for what to do on your time off.
Bradley beam., 1944-01-15
EXTENSION
 4SS SPEAKS

"Two lovely berries molded on one stem." The lovely words of Shakespeare are certainly bearing fruit, as for example, our little WAC, Millie, is certainly all a-flut- ter over her coming marriage. And may we add: We of the Motor Pool wish you all the happiness possible to obtain in this world.
 Have you noticed Miss PodosiIifs new outfit? Pretty chic."
 Has anyone seen Harlen? The last we saw of him he was riding horse, heading for the ammunition area.
 If you see anyone walking in his sleep out in the West Gate area, it is only Cpl. Gryna. Please send him back to the Motor Fuel.
 
 After eight months of ground crew training in the Base Motor Pool-Air Cadets Ferraiolo, Sulli- van and Cole find that flying a PAT is snap to taking a sharp bank in Burma Road 1 1z. The boys are now at Greensboro, N. c. We'll wager that they miss our nice cool climate and brisk wind instead of that awful sun beating down and the green grass and not being able to wear overcoats and gloves and stuff.
Bradley beam., 1944-01-15
PVT. ETAOIN SHRDLU

Herein depicted Pvt. Etaoin
 NMI) Shrdlu is a mythical stand ard type G.I. motor vehicle driver Average height 6 it.; weight 185 lbs.; blonde hair, blue eyes; age 26 Has had five years regular army training prior to current duty. Gen erally holds B. s. in physics from Harvard and M. s. from well-known sources Occasionally few Ph.D.a are found, but this is rare). Rank. ing in the highest I. O.. brackets Pvt. Shrdlu is distinguished by his rare attention to duty, his fine alert mind, his astounding physical stamina and his penchant for me ticulous dress, often making him truly picture of sartorial ele- gance.
 Speaking six or seven languages including Sanskrit and Latrinish he is adequately equipped to handle the most trying situation. He re- ports for duty with approximately ten years of detailed civilian ex- perience as master mechanic and test driver for Major General Mo tor Car Go.
 A graduate of Mrs. Sweeney's Elite School for Polite Ladies and Young Gentlemen, Pvt. Shrdlu is noted for his marked gentility and evident culture.
 Despite all this, fine soldier due for rapid advancement an distinc- tion. Any Motor Pool drivers not complying to the above standards are imposters. Please phone Pvt. Hirohito at and make the necessary reports in six copies.
Bradley beam., 1944-01-15

The world premiere of the Battle of Bradley" will be held at the Windsor Locks USO Club on Thursday evening, February 3rd!
 Dignitaries galore, plus Joe and Jane CT. Ernnine and top-hat night.
 Joey Gallagher, the New Jersey Strongboy, holds the Club record for seven straight cups of coffee, Just what do Mamie and Joe have to say to each other on these long and frequent sessions
 Airline Harvey and her Hartford Repeats are still packing lem in on Thursday and Saturday mites. If you want to hear a really solid four-piece combination, drop in and listen to some of their arrange ments.
 Giuseppe (Operatic Joe) Bar berra certainly shows a paternal interest in seeing that his buddies from the Guard Squadron get around and meet those present
Bradley beam., 1944-01-15
WINDSOR LOCKS

SUNDAY-January 16th
 8:3O P.M.-BAND CONCERT by the 96th AAF Band of Bradley Field. General public is invited MONDAYJanuary 17th
 8:O0-11 100 P.M.-USO SOCIAL and DANCE. - Refreshments served.
 TUESDAY-January 18th
 8:0O-11 200 PM. - REGULAR DANCE-Bradley Field Orches- stra. .* WEDNESDAY-January 18th 8:OO-11:O0 PM. - SQUAR E DANCE+New Departure Girls Club.
 THURSDAY-January 20th 8:OO-11 100 PM. - DANCE = Ar. line Harvey and her all girl or chestra. FRIDAY-January Fist
 8:OO-11: :00 P.M.-RESERVED- By special invitation for the 36th Aviation. Junior hostesses from Hartford. Windsor Locks and Sufield. SATURDAY-January 22nd
 S:0O-11:0 PM. ANCIN G PARTY-Arline Harvey and her all girl orchestra.
Bradley beam., 1944-01-15
For Your Pleasure At the USO's

Military Dance-U.S.O. Club 8:30-11 pm.
 Dance-Y.M.C.A.-8-11 pm. FRIDAY
 Afternoon Tea-U.S.O. Club = 3:30-5:00 pm.
 "28" Night Club Frolic-U.S.O. Club-8-11 pm. SATURDAY.
 Game Night-U.S.O. C1ub-8-11 pm. observation-disclosures and Orchestra-8:30-12:00 pm.
Bradley beam., 1944-01-15
HARTFORD

SUNDAY Coffee Hour-9:30-11:0 :0O am. Open House-U.S.O. Club-3-7 pm!
 New Members Party - U.S.O. Cub.-7:30-10:30 pm. Swimming -Y.M.C.A. - 3-8:3e pm. .-.. Victory Party-Y.M.C.A. - 8-1l p.m. MONDAY
 Community Singing at U.S.O Club.-8-10 pm.
 Informal Dancing-U.S.C. Club. -9:3o-11 pm. TUESDAY
 Get Together Party-U.S.O. Club -8-11 pm.
 Square Dance-Y.W.C.A.-8:30- 11:45 pm.
 Dance Recreation Gen. ter, Brown School. 79th Regimen tai Orchestra and Hostesses. 8:30 pm. WEDNESDAY,
 Social Hour-U.S.O. C1ub-9:30- II pm.
 Swing Shift Dance-Y.M.C.A.- 1 am. (Thursday). Service Mems Party-Central Baptist Church. Hostesses and Refreshments. 8 p.m. THURSDAY
 Sketching of Service Men and wACs-U.S.O. Club-7:30-9 pm. Ballroom Dancing Instruction U.S.O. Club-7:30-8:3O pm.
Bradley beam., 1944-01-15

The world premiere of the Why don't speak for yourself Battle of Bradley" will be held Joe? aff fhn Windsor IockuI nh
Bradley beam., 1944-01-15
BUS SCHEDULE

 The following stops will be made by the Bradley Field bus:
 Starting point-North East Area Quartermaster Gate
 B. o. Q.
 Main Exchange
 Main Gate
 South East Chapel
 First Mapping
 Tow Target
 Hospital Entrance Intersection Unloading Station for Hospital Dental Clinic
 Building T-800 on West Gate Road West Gate PIX Intersection Encircle Engineer Area
 Field bus runs between the hours of O7O0 and 0100. Bus starts from N. E. Area on the hour. Leaves West Gate PIX for return trip on the half hour. Bus will arrive at the hospital area at IS minutes past the hour and leave the hospi- tai area for return to Main Gate at 15 minutes of the hour.
 Tn line with the Government Conservation progrom and ODT re- gulations only the above scheduled stops will be made.
 The following stops will be made by the Windsor Locks bus:
 Starting Point-Quartermaster Gate
 Main Gate
 Spring 6 West StreetS USO Spring & Center Sts.
 Whiting St.
 Suffield & Main Sts.
 Railroad Station
 Spring & Main Sts.
 Bridge
 Elm & Main Sts.
 Elm 6 Center Sts. West & Elm Sts.
 Elm & South Elm Sts.
 Elm St. 6 Bradley Ave. Elm St. & Poquonock Rd. Main Gate .....'.. Quartermaster Gate
 Buses leave the Quartermaster gate on the hour and half hour, arriving at the railroad station ten minutes after and twenty minutes of the hour. The run starting from the QM gate on the hour travels East on Spring St. returning to the base west on Elm. The run startlng from the QM gate on the half hour travels between the hours of O!O0 and 01O0. Last bus leaves the QM gate at 0030.
 In line with the Government Conservation progrom and ODT re- gulations only the above scheduled stops will be made.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1944-05-12
FLOODS:
Field Work Halted

Floods and heavy rain sweeping
the country retarded field work and
rail shipments alike, in addition to
causing extensive property damage
and loss of life.
In the middlewest, farm work was
as much as three weeks behind
schedule, with only half the oats
sown in Iowa, and much of that
acreage planned to be diverted to
corn and soybeans in Illinois. Warm,
sunny weather was needed in the
winter wheat belt in the southern
great plains area. Because of blight
and excessive moisture, the south
east feared for it's potato crop.
Vegetable and fruit produce en-
route to northern markets from the
west and south was held up by flood
conditions through the Mississippi
river basin. A stimulus to the black
market was feared through the pos
sible diversion of crops to trucks.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1944-05-12
SURPLUS GOODS:
Disposal Planned

With government sale of surplus
war materials already running at a
rate of $12,000,000 month, federal
officials were reported to have
agreed upon a plan for entrusting
future large scale disposal of such
goods to five agencies and IL bust
ness experts.
Under the plan, the War Food ad-
ministration would handle food; the
treasury buyers, textiles; the Re-
construction Finance corporation,
land and factories; the Maritime
commission, ships and related ma
terials; and the war department,
munitions.
The business advisors would coun-
sci on how the various surplus goods
should be distributed, but each agen-
cy would be asked to formulate its
own policy of sale through negotia-
ton, auction or advertising.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1944-05-12

ing Lieut.. Gen. Joseph Stilwell's AL
lied forces, clearing path for a
new communication line to China
through northern Burma.
Encountering light resistance, u.
S. forces cleaned up Hollandia in
record time, extending Allied air
and naval control far up the New
Guinea coast and threatening the
eneny's supply lines feeding bottled
troops all the way down to the Solo
mons to the east. Hollandia's fall
also placed General Macarthur one
step closer to realization of his VOW
to return to the Philippines.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1944-05-12
EUROPE:
Invasion Auaited

With huge concentrations Of ship
ping repeatedly massed in British
ports and the Allied aerial attacks
continuing in unprecedented force,
Nazi Europe nervously awaited the
historic and heralded invasion.
While the U. S. and Britain pre-
pared for hostilities in the west, the
Russians were repeatedly organizing
strength for a new drive into east
ern Poland, presumably to synchro-
nize with the invasion. AS the Rus
slams gathered their new forces, the
Axis armies in southeastern Runa-
MIA stiffened resistance and parrled
Red thrusts along the Dniester river
front.
Western Europe found no rest by
day or night as British and Ameri-
can heavy, medium and light bomb
ers smashed at the Germans vaunt-
ed concrete and steel Atlantic wall,
French and Belgian rail lines over
which the enemy could be expected
to shuttle troops to meet invasion
forces, and German industries sup
plying the wehrmacht.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1944-05-12
BUSINESS:
Oil Supply

Because a tremendous area Of
prospective oil territory remains to
be tested and petroleum could be
produced from enormous reserves Of
coal and shale, the U. S. need have
no undue concern over future oil
supplies, Edward G.. Schubert, presi-
dent of Standard Oil company Of
Indiana, told stockholders in the
course of a report on the firms BUSH
ness in 1913, showing profit of
$50, 591 ,371.
At the same time, President Ralph
w. Gallagher of Standard Oil COM
pany of New Jersey, in announcing
profits of $12l, 327,773 for 1913, told
shareholders that although the U. S.
was assured of sufficient oil in the
future, two principal problems
existed, namely, discovery of more
oil, and institution of sound, world
wide conservation policies to pre-
vent wastage in production.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1944-05-12
PACIFIC:
Nearer PHILIPPINES

Heavy u. S. bombers were within
1,400 miles of the Philippines with the
Doughboys' capture of three airfields
around Hollandia in northern New
Guinea following a whirlwind inva-
sion, which Gen. Douglas Macarthur
claimed sealed off 100000 Japs.
Reinforced by additional troops,
British and native units in eastern
India braced for a showdown strug-
gle with invading Japs, aiming for
the Bengal-Assam railroad supply
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1944-05-12
BRIEFS.. BY Baukhage

The U. S. army will need $4,000
to 100000 men monthly to maintain
its peak strength of 100000 per-
sons, according to the war depart
ment. The navy will need 100000
additional personnel by September
] to get the navy, marine corps and
coast guard up to peak strength Of
$500, 900.
Buy War Bonds
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1944-05-12

When RCAF searching aircraft To-
cate stranded airmen but cannot get
to them, a trained pigeon is dropped
in a metal waterproof container
hitched to a small parachute. The
stranded men then send the para
trooper bird back with. a message Of
their needs and condition, according
to the Canadian information bulletins
Weekly Editor Looks at Ottawa.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1944-05-12

true-''it's profitable to make pa
triotic herd"
These experts decided that there
was plenty of feed obtainable in
America to meet the war goals, pro-
vided that certain conditions are
carried out. They agreed on four
principles, all of which lead to max
ing efficient producers which they
all decided is both patriotic and
profitable. These principles are:
Specific Measures
(1) better breeding to improve the
size and quality of filters
(2) conservation Of. available feed
stock
(S) reduction of loss through dis
ease and parasites
az improved management for
greater efficiency and production.
More specifically, the five things
necessary to produce the feed which
is necessary to reach the animal
food stuff goals are these:
(1) to feed no more than IA pounds
of feedstuff for one animal unit
(2) to achieve the maximum use
of pasture and grazing land
90 to sell the animal for meat,
before it becomes an inefficient con-
verter of feed into food
az to stop the loss caused by rats
or spoilage or wastage in other ways
(5) to bring about higher stand
ard in health in animals.
True Cooperation
Those who are directly concerned
in the production of swine are about
to have the information that this
meeting developed placed before
them emphatically in the farm trade
papers, over the radio, in lectures,
from the county agents, and through
their own organizations, so won't
60 into it in detail. But the point
that many will not realize is that
here has been a real achievement
brought about by the cooperation of
industry and government.
These hardheaded businessmen
have produced a program which
their action committee is going to do
its best to put into effect through the
various means of publicity and edu-
cation which / mentioned. It was
unanimously agreed that the pro-
I ducers should plan to finish hogs at
200 to 240 pounds in order to make
more efficient use of the feed and
for the production of more meat
and less lard per unit of feed. They
also emphasize the need of taking
full advantage of clean pastures and
they point out that the saving Of
from 5 per cent to 10 per cent Of
the grain, and from 80 per cent to
40 per cent of the protein supple
ments can thus be made for grow
ing and fattening hogs. There are
recommendations for the control Of
diseases, parasites and various other
detailed instructions that are going
to be available in attractive printed
form and distributed to the hog pro-
ducers in all parts of the country.
And it isn't Uncle Sam who is
"telling EN-
They are telling each other for
each others benefit.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1944-05-12
Fl Republics Disappeared
Since the Year 1900 B. C..

Since 1900 B. c., there have
been SIS republics, 81 of which had
disappeared before the outbreak
of the present war. Of these, the
republic of Venice lasted 1,196
years; Genoa, 802 years; and
Carthage, 704 years.
The three oldest republics today
are San Marine, 1859 years;
Switzerland, 653 years; and the
United States, 1853 years.