davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1944-05-31
On the Record
BY Dorothy Thom bson

There are passages in Mr. Churchills
speech which Its critics have passed
over. He says, "The House will rernem-
Der how many different audiences I
have to address at the same moment.
-. not only in this island but through
out the Empire, not only among our
Allies, great and small west or east, and
finally among our enemies, besides, of
course, the satellites and neutrals Of
various hues. must, therefore, pick
my way among heated ploughshares."
Now Mr.. Churchill picked his way
amongst heated ploughshares, and not
without getting burned: this is q cause
for the controversy about his speech,
which is one which must be read be-
tween the lines. It must also be read,
bearing in mind the position Of Great
Britain. That position Is both strong
and weak.
Mr.. Churchill has staked the life Of
Britain In this war and afterward on
continued close association with the
United States The treaty with Russia
is not suf1cient to insure security for
Britain, Il We remain question mark
As land power Britain has. always
been neg1leible Sea power today cam
not be divorced from air power, and air
power demands large land bases for It's
most favorable development. In the
matter of sea power, pure and simple,
Britain is and will remain secondary to
the United States. Mr.. Churchill does
not mind this fact-provided there re-
mains close association with us.
Britain Is also part Of Europe and the
channel IS no longer, as In Shakespeare's
time, .noat defensive to house"
The North Sea, Channel and North
Atlantic ports are matters of life and
death to the island people. Hence Mr..
Churchill's concern with Norway, Hol-
land, Belgium and France. The Medi-
terranean is her lifeline to the Far East,
hence his concern for Greece, Italy,
Portugal-and Spain.
r X X X
Mr.. Churchill knows that Gen.
Frances regime is tottering and that
it has hardly chance of surviving an
Allied victory. If, then, he seems to
support Franco in this moment, there
must be reason for it-and 1t Is cer-
tairly no love of Fascism which he de-
spises.
I'm this ordeal" he said, "the only
guides are singleness of purpose and
good, or at any rate, well-trained
conscience" That is an ironic phrase.
Mr.. Churchill's trained conscience
tells him perhaps that it would be
dubious to have wholesale blow-up
in Spain on the eve Of an invasion. His
single purpose is the invasion. He
would doubtless like to see change
Evening star., 1944-05-31

the tide Of mems thoughts is turning,
also, the preservation of that victory as
the foundation stone for an altar of
enduring peace.
It seems very fitting that on this
Memorial Day, the Secretary of State
OF this republic should announce to the
world that he is ready to proceed with
informal discussions with Great Brit
ain, Russia and China, and then with
the governments of the United Nations"
on the subject of principles and plans
relating to the establishment of an in
ternational peace and security organ
ization"
These are brave words. These are
hopeful words.
They are words that have been spoken
before, in other ways and at other times:
they represent ideals that men have
cherished, and that men have died for.
But what makes them hopeful as we'll
as brave, promising as we'll as noble, is
the TACT that this time we understand
them IN their true meaning, in their
relation to our needs and our obliga-
t1ons. Those who die now that these
words may be translated into deeds, will
know that those who come after them
will guard their heritage of freedom
and the heritage of unity for which
other Americans died so long ago. For
little while, We failed in this task: but
we did no more than stumble in the
progress of our great Nation upward
along the path toward the stars. We
shall not fail again. But we must pay
price for having failed even for little
time.
Therefore it is also very fitting that
these words of hope should be spoken
at this moment of terrible expectancy. as
America for the first time enters full
armed and in full strength into the
arena of decision. the arena where the
forces of darkness, at bay at last, turn
IN desperate fury for their final stand.
1t is very fitting that those who march
beneath our banners into that arena
should have in their hearts the high
promise which the words of the Secre-
tary Of State must bring them; that
they and all of us should, in the light
of that promise, once more dedicate
ourselves to the great task yet remain
ing before U.s."
tcop,risht, 1914 By the New York rribune)
Evening star., 1944-05-31

chairman of the Postage Stamp
Centenary Committee in 1910. Ma
tional University made him an
honorary doctor of laws in 1s42.
When friends inquire about his
memories, Mr.. Caldwell shows them
a photograph of the Department
of Justice Building as he knew it
in 1904 five-story brick and stone
structure on Pennsylvania avenue
opposite the north entrance of the
Treasury, next door to the Arlington
Fire Insurance Company headquar-
ters and just around the corner from
the Lafayette Opera House. Times
have chenged," he says. If the
mutation not always has been for
the better, he still rejoices that the
power of reasonable choice remains
in the hands of average citizens.
Evening star., 1944-05-31
Mr.. CuIdweII's Anniversary

David D. Caldwell did not v6sh his
colleagues to notice the golden
jubilee" of his service in the Depart
ment of Justice, but they exercised
their right to dissent from him for
once and gave him party yesterday.
The anniversary, obviously, was
worthy of celebration. 1t does not
happen very often that man
achieves record of half century
of continuous Government employ
ment. The Federal retirement
movement of which Mr.. Caldwell
himself was a leader from 1900 until
1920 contemplated about three
decades as the maximum span of
such engagement.
But Mr.. Caldwell seems to have
prospered under punishment. Never
robust in appearance, he neverthe-
less keeps going" at his accustomed
pace at seventy-fous. His counte-
nance is as bright as ever, his mind
as quick, his heart as warm. Nothing
about him has altered within the
memory of his associates save only
his hair-which now is silver white.
The honors accorded Mr.. Caldwell
yesterday were but the latest in
lengthy series. He is past president
of the Federal Bar Association, a
past president and past national
secretary of Sigma Nu Pi, a past
president of the Mount Pleasant
Citizens Association, a vice presi-
dent of the American Philatelic
Society and vice>president of the
Washington Philatelic Society,
member of the American Bar Associ-
alton, the Illinois State Society and
the Washington Board of Trade.
Chairman of the National Stamp
Conference in 1887, he also was
Evening star., 1944-05-31
This and That
By Charles 3. Ty0cesu.,lfI

oy G1GTteS -.,aftS Tr1ce1Uelf.
II the men had anythine IS do With
ing. 81 1'0o'et'ii- ''a
They would let everything stay aas
is" dust and all.
Fortunately for mankind, the men
nave nothing to do with housekeeping.
Mans province, evidently, is war or
business. He is supposed to occupy him
self with these, and let the women
alone. -'
In spring and fall, this means that
the house will be cleaned.
Men are strictly in favor of the status
quo, When IL comes to housecleaning.
Ihey would prefer to have all the
rugs lett down, and the curtains up
women folks say it makes a house
cooler, to take up the heavy rugs, and
put down fresh light ones.
They want to tear away all the drapes.
and substitute neat bit of cretonne
or something.
You can almost tell where the hen
pecked men live, and vice versa. bv
going along the street and looking at
the windows.
If the old curtains are clean hit
up, real herman, master of his own
home, lives there.
II the curtains are down, and the
windows look pretty blank, YOU NAV
feel reasonably sure that a strong
minded woman has taken houseclean-
ing into her own hands.
Men may be able to kill their own
kind. and handle machine guns. and
the like, but when it comes to DESTROY
ing germs, they are not in the same
class with their women folks.
GIVE woman pail of soapy water,
and a mop-or do they still use mops?-
and she can make every "strep" germ
fly for its life.
Spring housekeeping is something
men flee from if they can.
Some wives clean little by little
dragging it out for a month or So and
others fly to and upset the whole house
for about week.
1t is difficult for mere males to decide
which is worse.
II the job isn't done, the men folks
complain about the dust and dirt.
Nobody favors cleanliness more, but
It Is quite another thing to do the work.
Men often help in moving, but few
OF them want to dust and sweep and
wash and take up and put down and
throw around, and heave, and sweat.
They like to stand around, now and
then, and boss the job, but when it
comes to hustling that big mattress out
into the yard, they suddenly decide
there is momentous conference to be
held at the office
No doubt 1t is just as we'll
Spring houSecleaning requires more
delicate touch, backed by a mind which
has slight obsession about cleanliness.
1t likes to see things changed around.
and the knickknacks taken away for
the summer and slowed in the attic,
where they really ought to be the whole
| year around
An expert tells us that a great deal
| could be done toward making the house
look cooler simply by taking most of the
things off things
Loading down the tops of bedroom,
living room and dining room furniture
with books. magazines, phonograph rec
ords, toys, wearing apparel, etc, is the
sure way to make house look hot.
Clean of the surfaces, get everything
neat, and the house will seem 10 de-
| grees cooler, this expert declares.
Housecleaning, she says, is the one
time when all ladies would be delighted
II their husbands took vacation. A
word to the wise, etc.
Evening star., 1944-05-31
Beyond Reach of CONGRESS

1t is the length of the war, rather
than any arbitrary directive from
Congress, that will fix the date for
the courts-martial of Admiral Kim
NEIL and General Short. For if the
original reasons advanced for post
poning the trials until after the
war were valid then, nothing has
happened since to change them.
Not very long before his death the
late Secretary Knox, quoting Ad-
mlral King, said that officers on
active duty could not be recalled to
testify at such proceedings. The
same condition undoubtedly applies
in the Army While Admiral Kim
melfs desire for an early and open"
trial, said to be shared by General
Short, is readily understood, the
opportunity for the sort of hearing
upon which they insist would be
difficult to obtain until a cessation
OF hostilities makes available not
only the chief witnesses but the
relevant material which obviously
cannot be publicized now. The de-
PENDANTS long since waived any
technical barriers to the trial which
otherwise might have rested in
statutes OF limitation. To them, the
trial offers the only hope remaining
Tor vindication after the charge of
"dereliction of duty on the part of
each OF them" made by Justice Rob-
erts in his Pearl Harbor report. The
delay in bringing them to trial Is.
Tor them, merely another misfor-
tune OF war, the severity Of which
Admiral Kimmell has indicated but
which nothing except the wars end
can be expected to change.
Evening star., 1944-05-31

IN Spain occur at time most con-
venient for us.
Obviously however, he could not say
to the Spaniards directly, Hold of
from Franco for the time being"
What Mr.. Churchill undoubtedly per-
sonally prefers In these maritime states
so essential to Britain's security are
legitimate" governments. His pref
erence Is for constitutional monarchies
OF limited powers-over whatever social
and economic structure they may reign.
They are traditional forms Of European
government and count among them
selves some Of the most progressive and
stable states. Nor is constitutional
monarchy incompatible with democracy
and forms Of socialism, as Britain her.
self is proving.
Furthermore, as long as the United
States Is question mark both Britain
and the Soviet Union have to seek re-
insurances in Europe. A Britain and a
Russia sure of America can adopt one
policy; unsure, they must have alterna-
tives. That is what is wrong with the
hesitation Of the Senate to take def
mite stand now on participation in
United Nations organization to enforce
peace BY leaving the situation fluid
we win as definitely influence the course
OF affairs as by taking stand.
There Is as yet no certainty that
change Of government here would not
result In fundamental changes In for
eigr policy. Gov. Bricker Of Ohio, the
only avowed candidate for the Repub-
lican nomination, declared on May 2S
that he was unequivocally opposed to
the United States entering into any
postwar military alliance" or agree
ment to set up an international police
force to enforce peace. This Is fiat
reputation Of the policy Of Mr.. Hull.
Gov. Dewey has taken o different atti-
tude, but has never committed himself
strongly The drastic defeat Of Mr..
Willkie cannot be overlooked. Thus the
Republican Party as whole is still
in an equivocal position. And the rea-
sons advanced by some members of
the postwar subcommittee Of the Senate
Foreign Relations Committee for not
committing the United States now, is
that the question would divide the
country.
London and Moscow will certainly
take note of this. Both Churchill and
Stain will have to- count upon the
possibility that after the war, the United
States, remaining supreme in the air
and on the sea, will adopt a policy
of Splendid Isolation" and this possi-
bility will influence the attitude of both
toward Europe.
tReleased by the Bell Syndicate Inc1
Evening star., 1944-05-31
The Brewster 'Stoy-In'

The "stay-in" demonstration by
some $4,000 employees of the Brewster
Aeronautical Corporation, having
accomplished its purpose of focusing
attention on the problem raised by
the sudden termination of war con-
tracts, has been called off. But the
problem remains with us.
On the basis of known facts, the
Navy seems to have had entirely
valid reasons for . canceling the
Brewster contract for the manufac-
ture of Corsair fighters. Because of
early labor troubles and poor man
agement, the Brewster production
costs were higher than those of two
other plants making Corsairs.
Hence, when the Navy found that
it did not need as many planes as
had been anticipated, largely be-
cause combat losses have been un-
expectedly small, the decision to
cancel the Brewster contract was
undoubtedly the proper one.
Nor does it appear that the work
ers in this instance we're exposed
to avoidable hardships. Mrs. Anna
Rosenberg, regional VINO director,
has said that other jobs were avail
able, and representatives of seven
teen war plants were on hand to
sign up Brewster employees seeking
other work. Apparently, however,
these substitute jobs paid less money,
and the great majority of the work
ers, encouraged by their union lead
ers, refused on the first day of the
stay-in to apply for them. This
reluctance to take jobs paying less
money Is understandable enough,
but it Is difficult to see how the
Navy or any other agency is going
to be able to guarantee, that every
worker in a shutdown plant will be
able to find another job at the same
rate of pay This simply cannot be
done, and if the union demonstra-
ton was aimed at that objective the
union Is only misleading its own
members.
1t does seem, however, that the
Brewster management should have
been given more notice that their
contract was to be Cancelled. 1t was
not until May 10 that officials of the
firm learned that their contract was
Evening star., 1944-05-31
Toward World Security

Secretary of State Cordell Hull's
announcement that he is ready to
confer with Britain, Russia and
China on the establishment of an
international organization to pre-
serve peace and security in the post
war world should be regarded as
one more step in an evolutionary
process which has been proceeding
for long time on number of
fronts.
Here at home, Secretary Hull has
been conducting nonpartisan activ-
tiles for the past two years along
this line. Both major political
parties are one record as in favor
of international cooperation to
maintain the peace, while Congress
has passed the Fulbright and Con-
nally resolutions to the same end.
Recently, Mr.. Hull has been closeted
with members of the Senate Foreign
Relations Committee in series of
informal discussions on the subject,
and though the results have not
been published, the outcome is
stated by the Secretary as so en-
couraging as to make him ready
to initiate similar discussions with
our major associates in the war.
An analogous stage must have
been reached in the simultaneous
exchanges which are known to have
been going on between Washington
and the other three Allied capitals,
for it is an axiom of diplomacy that
no international conferences are
announced until a groundwork of
agreement has been laid and a gen.
eral meeting of minds has been at
tanned. So far as Britain is con-
cerned, this has been made evident
by passages in Prime Minister VIM
ston Churchill's report last week to
the House of Commons, and it's
specific amplification by the five
point" program laid down next day
by Foreign Secretary Anthony Eden.
Neither Moscow nor Chungking has
been quite as vocal, but their will
ingness to confer and concert
program for a world organization
can be presumed.
It should be understood that such
conferences will still be exploratory
and tentative in character. Yet
the general form enWsaged prob
ably follows roughly the idea set
forth by Mr.. Churchill, who sug-
gested a 'world-controlling council
consisting of the big Four which
would act as sort of steering COM
mittee for world assembly COM
prisiflg all peace-loving nations,
great and small. It is interesting
to note that this is virtually the
setup of one piece of international
machinery already established, at
least in principle. This is the United
Nations Relief and Rehabilitation
Administration, usually known as
UNRRA. The basic concept is
conjunction of power and RESPONSE
bility. Whatever the objections to
this type of organization, especially
from the medium and lesser nations,
it represents a current trend in the
governments of the major powers
today.
Evening star., 1944-05-31
Discusses Senator's Argument

To the Editor of The Star:
Recently read news item in your
paper to the effect that Senator Capper
of Kansas had told the Senate that
the poll tax is being used to keep
Negroes from voting in defiance of the
Constitution. In my opinion, he is
quite right.
AS l read on, I noted that Senator
Mayhank of South Carolina showed a
picture of the Legislature of his State
in 1866 with the statement that of the
80 Negro members of that body, only
eight were able to read and write their
names, the remaining AZ being unedu-
Gated. / would like to know why Sena-
tor Maybank used such an obsolete
argument to deny the Negro race it's
citizenship privileges, when at present
illiteracy is the lot of only minority
of our people.
Three out of 10 of the Negroes in the
armed forces are graduates of high
schools and large number are college
trained, my own son being in the latter
class
l am native of the Senator's State
(South Carolina) and come of a line of
college graduates, many of whom were
products Of colleges of New England
and the South, the late Prof Kelly Mil
Ter OF Howard University being among
the number. MASER P. CARTER.
Evening star., 1944-05-31
Funds for FEPC

The Fair Employment Practices
Committee, in some respects the
most controversial of the war agen-
cleS created by executive order,
crossed one hurdle in it's fight for
survival when the House, by four
vote margin, approved an appro-
priation of $500,000 for the agency,
thereby exempting it from the death
sentence which otherwise would
have been imposed under the Rus
sell amendment to the independent
offices appropriation bill. A still
higher hurdle in the form of Senate
opposition remains, however, and
If this proves insurmountable the
FEPC probably will 60 out of exist
ence on January /.
There are compelling reasons why
the Senate should not permit this
to happen. The fundamental pur-
pose of the FEpC Is to eliminate
forms of discrimination which stand
between minority groups, Negroes
especially, and the realization of
their legitimate economic aspira-
tions. For the most part this pro-
gram has been pitched on a note of
wartime necessity for full utiliza-
ton of labor, but this imparts a
quality of impermanence to the
effort which is unrealistic and
harmful. For the undeniable fact
is that there will be more need after
the war than there is now for an
intelligent effort to strike down the
artificial handicaps that discrimina-
tion imposes on Negroes and other
minorities in the job market.
At the moment, however, the
problem is to keep the FEPC from
passing out of existence this year.
Unfortunately, the committee has
made errors of Judgment and these
mistakes have inflamed some seq
ments of public opinion against it.
But these mistakes should not blind
one to the fact that this agency,
relying largely on methods of per-
suasion, has been able to do a great
deal of good work.
Approximately 5000 complaints of
discrimination had been docketed
by the FEPC as of the first of
this year. Nearly 900 OF these cases
were closed by January l, about
one-third of them representing
satisfactory adjustments. The others
listed as closed were dismissed for
lack of jurisdiction or other reasons.
If that is not a sensational record
it is at least an Unexpectedly good
one for an agency which has to work
in field that has so many explosive
possibilities.
On the record, and in good con-
science, this is plainly program
which should be continued. There
are Senators, of course, who are not
in sympathy with what the FEPC
has been doing and who are skep-
tical of what it proposes to do But
this is a matter which should be
settled in perfecting a bill to give
the FEPC a permanent legislative
status, on which the House Labor
Committee begins hearings tomor-
row. Nothing constructive could be
accomplished, but serious harm
would be done, by permitting the
agency to die for lack of funds while
legislation to give 1t whatever
powers Congress thinks 1t should
have is under consideration.
Evening star., 1944-05-31
They Die Not in Vain
By Maj. George Fielding Eliot

This is written on Memorial Day
Americas third Memorial Day of this
war. It is the day when, traditionally,
Americans honor their soldier dead.
On this day, each year, our reverent
hands lay flowers on the graves of
those who died to win our independ-
ence; of those who died to preserve our
unity as a Nation; and of those who
died in World War in the bright hope
that the world might, by their sacrifice,
be made safe for democracy.
Those who died that we might be free
and that we might remain united, sleep
in peace under the sod and the dew,
waiting the judgment day" They rest.
their work we'll done; for we who came
after them in our successive genera
tions, have remained true to the ideals
for which they died We have never
forgotten their sacrifices, nor the rea-
sons which made those sacrifices nec-
eSsary
We have remained free; we have re-
manned united.
We have guarded we'll the sacred gifts
of freedom and of unity which they
bought for us at so heavy price.
But to our bitter shame we must ac-
knowledge that those who died to make
the world safe for democracy can hardly
sleep untrOubled beneath the flowers of
our tribute. We have turned away from
the ideals for which they fought. We
have left undone those things which we
ought to have done. The torch they
flung us from their failing hands we
have not held on high. The world is
again torn by war-war which has come
upon us because in our weakness and
our blindness we allowed the forces of
evil to recover from their defeat, to
grow strong and arrogant, to overwhelm
the weak and to slaughter the innocent
until at last our own freedom, our
own unity was threatened, and sons
are dying again upon hundred battle
fields.
But to those restless souls who per-
haps year ago, certainly two years ago,
might have been thought to have made
their last sacrifices in vain, there comes
with this Memorial Day a new note of
comfort. 1t is not only that the tide
OF the war has turned, is setting strongly
toward victory for the right. It Is that