The Waterbury Democrat., 1944-06-02
Civil Affairs Teams Prepare For Rule Of Liberated Lands
 
AmeFicon and British Military Governments Gain From
BY TOM WOLF NEA Stan Correspondent

NaNaAAAASAASeNAA @Nee9ANNNe~~ June l-For what consolation 1t may prove to the German people, there Is one white spot of cheer on their otherwise black horizon:
 They are going to get the post war break of good government thanks to postgraduate training now being given to hundreds of the . British and American officers who will run the Allied Military Govern .tnent of defeated Germany.
 At the American Civil Affair Gen. ter the training of ofacer-students is Q postgraduate course, for many of the students here have had pre- .vious basic training in military gov- ernment. American officers started training either at the Civil Affairs School at Charlottesville, Va, or at one of the dozen special civil affairs training centers. For the British, 1t started at similar schools in Eng land. Many of these men have had experience in Sicily or Italy. Civil Affairs Units will be divided into A, B, c, D attachments. In areas under American military con- trol, one-third to one-half the of- flcers will be British. The reverse proportions will hold in British mili- tary areas. Each detachment has an average of three enlisted men for every two officers.
 FACE PROBLEMS
 To make training as realistic as possible, officer students work on exercises stimulating actual condi- tions. Tn a typical OAK (Civil Af- fairs Exercise), attachments are given a basic situation: "armiStice signed; sporadic armed opposition is expected from SS troops and groups sympathetic to them; civilian atti- tude expected to be generally hos i, tile ."
 Q Then. for the two days of the OAK, the officer students meet and must solve hundreds of problems typical of those they will actually have to solve in the Reich. Con- trol sections of experienced officers check students solutions as the OAK progresses. If a student muffs a problem, the control section sends him another problem, which will chow up the error of his first solu- tion.
 Here are some sample questions, taken from recent CAX. Almost all the problems are based on &C., tual cases in Sicily and Italy.
 Ranks of police and flremen de- pleted. Must recruit. Public Safety Section should organize. Immedi- ate decision on police. Armed? With What?"
 Mayor, police chief, fire chief, judges of state and district courts all Nazs-have left. Other officials, while including party members, will continue If you permit. What &C., tion?"
 Mayor reports many persons need inoculationS against typhoid, but re- fuse to undergo them on the basis that they don't trust new city gov ernment. He wishes to refuse food to enforce compliance. Shall we let rhim2"
 19.OG0 QUESTIONS
 Two Americans, one British of- ficer mysteriously killed in one dis trict in past week. Because guilt cannot be fixed, division commander desires your recommendation ?
 Some 19000 questions in all were asked various groups in this CAX.
 Lessons in military government learned in the Mediterranean have, with one exception, been learned we'll When AMG arrived in Sicily, partly because of dearth of ad- vanco information, partly because of the lack of advance instructions, its Civil Affairs Ofi1cers had no precise fardstick for measuring what con- Stituted a fascist. Some cases, of course, were clear. Such men when taught, were removed from office or Jailed.
 But in the great majority of in- stances. 1t was not easy to deter mine who was a fascist. Member tlnip in the fascist party proved Aothing in particular. for such mem- Aership was a requisite to holding tlmost every job in Italy.
 Students are proflting from the tnsecret fact that our intelligence k better in Germany than it was h Italy. Students are getting de- Ailed information on the structure Ii the Nazi state and party.
 But, to date at least, the Civil Af- airs Center curriculum includes no Instruction on two vital subjects; Kactly what constitutes a Nazi; 4nd exactly what is to be done with taZis of varying degrees.
 Tn fairness to AMG, it must be aid that perhaps the decisions on Gese vital questions must come rom Q higher level than AMG. If Q. the lack of policy is not AMG's Ault.
 O nalmost all other subjects, the Hficer-Students here are profiting immensely from Mediterranean ex- krience. To begin with, in Germany, hey will have the initial advantage f sufficient manpower.
 MORE MANPOWER
 Not only are there a censored lumber of hundreds of officers tudying here. but there is another, British-run Civil Affairs School elsewhere in England. Plans have