davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1944-04-09
II. S. Marks Botoon Anniversary
With Prayers for Defenders

casualties on them. turned to saw
agery. They killed defenseless,
wounded and sick Americans and
Filipinos with abandon and con-
tinued to kill as they drove the
remnants of the defeated army
northward on the death march that
led to what later became the
Cabanatuan Prison Camp.
5000 Left at Camp.
About 5000 of those who survived
that march were in the Cabanatuan
camp when I left the Philippines
last fall on a repatriation ship. At
that time, they were still victims of
japanese brutality. Others of the
prisoners, including the high Of
ficers, are in camps in Formosa,
Japan and Manchuria.
The bodies of hundreds of Ba-
taan heroes remained on the pc
ninsula. Other hundreds rest in
graves of the large burial grounds
adjoining the camps at Cabanatuan
and O'Donnell, the latter in Tarlac
Province.
AS I think of Bataan and what it
symbolizes to the sorroWing people
of the United States and the Philip
pines, I find some ease of mind in
one Of the last broadcasts from
Corregidor's Voice of Freedom, a
radio message that doomed out over
the air waves at nightfall on that
fateful April 9, 1912:
"Bataan has fallen. The Filipino
American troops. on this War-rav-
aged, bloodstained peninsula, have
laid down their arms. = Bataan
has fallen. But the spirit that made
it stand-a beacon to all liberty
loving peoples of the world-cannot
fall. Besleged on land and
blockaded from the sea, cut off from
all sources Of help, these intrepid
| fighters have borne all that human
endurance could bear"
Housewives, join the fight. Save
waste cooking fats for gunpowder
Evening star., 1944-04-09

y Z 5 i e I Qay Dy
Secretary Wick
ard and Food
A d m | nistrator
Marvin Jones.
Mr.. Hi m e =
baugh, a depart
ment informa-
t ion specialist
for 10 years,
succeeds Morse
Salisbury, who
will become in
formation di-
rector for the
United Nations
Relief and Re-
habilitation Ad-
Evening star., 1944-04-09

A native of Michigan, Mr.. Hime-
baugh was raised on a farm near
Grand Rapids. He is AZ and a
graduate of Michigan State College.
Before entering Federal service, he
worked on Michigan newspapers
and served as manager of Michigan
State College radio station WKAR.
His first post was with the Agri-
cultural Adjustment Administra-
ton. In 1898 he entered the Agri-
Evening star., 1944-04-09
LOST RATION COUPONS.

''A'' AND &C" GAS RATION BOOKS, issued
to Thomas F. Burrell, 5olo Ames ST. ne
GAS RATION BOOK ct" issued to Geors,
Robinson. 1857 3rd st. sw. on 4th st
s.W between G and N Phone DI 1888
GAS RATION BOOK a, issued 10 Georg,
3 Sullivan, 10212 Sutherland I'd. Silver
spring, Nd SH. 5464
RATION BOOK NO. 4, issued 10 Warrer
W. Stoner, Falls Church, Va Falls
Church 1868
RATION BOOKS NOS. , AND / - books
in leather folder, in KreseeS &c and lUt
store Silver Spring Reward Damas,
RA1I6S f1i I5Sl BOOK NO. 3. issued to Frederic,
F. FOX. 5126 Both ave Hyattsyile, Md
II" RATION BOOK, ser No 6s3535g t,
6s355er Philip K. Boncare 4s0s Batter!
lane. Bethesda Nd
Evening star., 1944-04-09
REWARD

Rings (21. one round diamond set in
platinum with small diamond on each
SIDE, the other platinum wedding ring
monds. Each inscribed with initials l. G
TO L. 6. Probably lost in ne section. Call
r. r. Runkles, ME-. O3l6 or GE. $3.50
Evening star., 1944-08-30
General Dittmur Reports

The latest report to the German
people by Lieutenant General Kurt
Dittmar, who is the spokesman of
the Nazi high command, falls Just
short of conceding that Germany is
beaten.
A week ago this commentator said
that the fighting in the west
threatens to jeopardize" much of
what I'VE have come to regard as
an essential part of the basis of our
military power" Yesterday he went
further, stating that in the course
of two months I'VE have lost impor-
tant parts Of what in the first years
of the war we believed we held firmly
in our hands as the fruits of our
victories and what doubtless had to
be regarded as an essential solidifl-
cation OF the military and economic
basis of our conduct of the war"
This was reference to France,
which has "for the most part slid
out of our hands," and perhaps to
Romania, whose oil and other re-
sources are now lost to the Reich.
Last week he spoke of his conf
dence in German ability to force the
Allies into another battle "as hard
as that in Normandy There is no
such prediction now. He talks, to be
sure, Of a continued fight, but the
roaring tide of Allied power is sweep
Ing too swiftly across France toward
Germany for him to promise that a
successful stand will be made any,
where.
The best that he can hold out is
the prospect of dogged fight in the
hope of breaking "the enemy's will
to annihilate u.s. And then, hint
ing at German willingness to talk
peace, he says: This tremendous
fight will continue It must con-
tinue as long as our enemies insist
on their war aims, and as long as
reason and better insight do not take
the place of that will Of destruction
on the enemys part"
The German general knows. how
ever, that the fight cannot continue
for long. The Nazis may hold out
Tor few weeks, or even a few
months. But their losses in men
and materiel, in sources of supply.
and OF strategic positions mean that
the inevitable end is near. The Al
LEO war machine, grinding in from
east, west and south, will continue to
apply It's remorseless and relentless
pressure. Each day will find the
enemy weaker and less capable of
striking back. If General Dittmar
remains on the air, it will be inter-
esting to hear what his message will
be next week. and the week after.
Evening star., 1944-08-30
On the Record
By Dorothy Thompson

collaboration of Doriot Fascists with the
Gestapo-the terror instrument Of the
Nazi party.
Herbert Matthews Of the New York
Times, who has sent from Marseilles the
most complete and revealing report of
any correspondent to date, describes 4
remarkable phenomenon: The COM
pletely different attitude which revolu-
tionary justice takes toward German
soldiers and French Fascists. German
soldiers in their hands are treated as
ordinary prisoners of war French
Fascist leaders are summarily executed.
y AH4
Furthermore, the French Maouis dis
tinguished between the German army
and the Gestapo A brief report that
appeared the other day is significant.
A garrison of 800 Germans in the small
town Of Annecy. near the Swiss border,
surrendered to the Maquis. They asked
one condition-that they be exonerated
OF the atrocities committed in this
community by the Gestapo" The Ger
man command all but issued an invita-
ton to the French to extirpate the Ges-
tapo, saying that reprisals against the
Gestapo would have their previous ap-
proval
The Maquis accepted The conclusion
Is obvious. Those who have lived four
years under German occupation know
there is difference between Naus and
non-Nazts whatever language they
speak.
The lire taken by the Maquis toward
the Germans is not the one taken in
London and Washington, but the one
taken from the beginning in Moscow.
In the frst days Of the liberation,
Free German Committee West, obvi-
ously the counterpart Of the one In
Moscow, was formed in Paris It is
calling on the radio to Germany for the
overthrow of Hitler, surrender and peace.
Where do these Germans come from.
who are working from France against
the German regime?
1t was recently reported from Paris
that $50 Americans under assumed
names had been hiding there, protected
by the MaQuis during all four wears.
When France fell there were thousands
OF German anti-Nazi refugees in France,
all interned by the Third Republic.
which made no differentiation between
anti-Nazi and pro-Nazi Germans. The
camps were opened as the Germans
broke into France. Undoubtedly many
OF them have also been protected by the
Maquis. Now these anti-Nazi Germans
emerge allied with the Maouis.
1t always has been too simple to draw
the lines Of this war only on national
frontiers. Despite Mr. Churchill, there
are other issues at stake.
tReieased by the Bell Syndicate Inc,
Evening star., 1944-08-30

1t Is clear from reports Of corre-
spondents In France that not only the
military victory of the Germans in
Europe Is being reversed, but the
Fascist victory. too. The war of 1910
is being refought, with the decision
reversed, and the Spanish Civil War
also is being refought on French soil,
with Loyalist victory
The events are taking policies de-
signed in London and Washington out
OF the hands of the designers Winston
Churchill can say, as he has twice done,
that "as the war nears Its end. 1t be-
comes Increasingly theological" But
as our troops move into Europe, 1t is
clear that 1t is an theological war of
revolutionary dimensions
Our policy-makers thought we would
reconquer Europe step by step. Our
armies. bringing in their wake the
Allied Military Government would find
welcoming but docile population. made
apathetic by subjection. We would
gradually restore Democratic institu-
tions, and gradually nnd a personnel for
them. Final decisions would always be
In the hands of Allied military authori-
ties. and gradually obstinate collabora- .
tionists-always thought of as pro-
German"-would be rounded up given
decorous trials. and Europe would re-
turn to normal"
have always doubted any such de-
velopment. The peoples of Europe have
undergone an experience in which
We have not participated We have
never lived under FaSriSm French
patriots know that France did not fall
as she did only because Of German
military superiority, but because Of a
NTH column in France Collaboration
began long before 1910, and it was not
collaboration with Germans as Ger
mans, but with Germans because they
were Fascists, The outcry in 1910 all
over France was not I'VE have been de-
feated,' but, we have been betrayed"
In four years the people Of France
had every opportunity to distinguish
between sheep and goats. The national
and patriotic cause has become mex
tricably interlocked with the anti
Fascists cause. Liberation therefore
means to get rid of Fascists. The atti-
tude of the people is exactly the reverse
of the attitude we have fostered. For
We have presented the war as a purely
national war. Experience tells the
French in France that 1t has also been
a civil war. There, as in Spain, the
Germans have been the supporters of
domestic Fascists And the main COL
laboration against which the rage Of
the people Is now foaming has been the
Evening star., 1944-08-30

difnculty as to an agreement as to what
forces. specifically. shall be contributed
by each participating power for the pur-
pose OF seeing to 1t that the disarma-
ment arrangements are maintained. The
United States could enter into an agree
ment to bear its fair share in this con!
tinulng process and the President could
be given authority by Congress to use
the armed forces OF the United States
for these specific purposes.
Next is the question Of the policing Of
the seas. When this war is over, there
Will be only two sea powers-the United
States and the British Commonwealth
OF Nations. The Germans and the jap.
anese, We may hope, will not be per-
mitted to have naval power and though
France may rebuild her fleet to some
extent, but not soon. Russian sea
power seems likely to continue as in the
past. to be confined to those local waters
in which Russian interests are spe-
cif1cally involved.
hence the proposals of the late Secre-
tary OF the Navy, Frank Knox. that the
pollclng OF the seas should be shared. by
geographical division, between the
United States and Britain, will have
direct application to the existing post
war conditions. If these responsibilities
are assumed by the American and Brit
1sh navies, other nations agreeing there
to. there is again no reason why this
agreement should not be underwritten
by congressional authorization for the
use by the President of our armed forces
to carry out the agreement; and there
would be an end to any possible agrees
sion that involved overseas movement,
including flying over the ocean.
There remain two dangers to world
peace that are not included in the fore
going arrangements. One is the danger
that the four great powers may fall out
among themselves. But 1t is submitted
that no organization can provide for
this danger beforehand. The other is
the danger that the security of the
world may be menaced from some source
not now apparent In this case there
should be time for adequate action
when the danger first does become ap-
parent, and the task Of the international
organization should be to recognise and
foresee the danger and to prepare its
member states In order that their COM
bined action may be such Is shall
abate 1t.
tcep,risht 1914. the Tribune co..
Evening star., 1944-08-30
Youths Few Dreaming
Moments

At o'clock sdW the morning star;
hadn't noticed it for 20 years,
MY sight had dtmn1ed until the thinos
that are
Had lost their Christmas tnsel In
mans tears.
Those tOere the days tphen eVery rock
and tree
Held something ne,1 and strange, vet
seemed to hide
The tull-grotpn reason for their mystery
In youths teD dreaming moments by
their side.
And over by the barracks, IN the blur,
] sa,o n,yselt-it seemed as yesterday:
The sergeant chartered orders, but some
tDere
Flying that lighted planet far dwdy.
Sound trumpet softly: Their repeille,s
blotrin1;:
Dark Is thefv moment .cfth but one stoS
shouting. CULLEN JONES.
Evening star., 1944-08-30

cratic National Chairman Hanne-
gan to "clear everything through
Sidney"
It may be correct, despite all these
things, that the CIO-PAC has no
ambition to capture" the Demo-
cratic party. That is a word which
will mean one thing to one man,
something else to another. And If
the PAC, which is only year old,
can continue to influence" the
Democrats in the future as success
fully as it has in the past, it will
not need to capture the party and
put 1t in cage to achieve this phase
of its political ambitions.
Evening star., 1944-08-30
Mr.. HiIImun's Statement

The testimony Of Sidney Hillman
before the House Committee on
Campaign Expenditures provides an
interesting study in the use OF words.
Mr.. Hillman made an able witness
IN behalf Of the CIO Political Action
Committee and it's companion
agency, the National Citizens Polit-
lcal Action Committee, both of
which he heads. Much OF his testi-
mony had to do with the collection
and expenditure of funds for polit-
lcal purposes, and the controversial
question of whether the committees
have or have not violated the laws
governing these activities. But his
statement as to the political OBJ
jectives Of the C1O is of more gen.
eral interest.
He denied specifically that the
C1O-PAC has any desire or ambi-
tion to capture" either the Demo-
cratic or Republican party. But he
conceded that the committee de-
sires to influence" the thinking, the
program and the choice Of candi-
dates of both parties. That, on its
face and on the record, is a distinc-
tion with little if any difference.
The CIO has made no effort
worthy of the name to Influence"
the thinking, program or choice of
candidates of the Republican party.
But 1t has made very determined
and measurably successful effort to
"influence' the Democratic party in
all of these respects. At the party's
recent convention in Chicago, the
C1O played an influential role in
shaping the party platform. There
was no serious dispute as to the
denomination of the President, of
course, but the C1O was quite in
f1uential in the choice of his run
ming mate. 1t is credited with
having vetoed the aspirations Of
James F. Byrnes. After a deter
mined, though finally unsuccessful,
fight in behalf of Vice President
Wallace, it approved the choice of
Senator Truman. On the whole of
the Chicago record, it seems fair to
say that while the CIO could not
name its own vice presidential
candidate, it could turn thumbs
down on the nomination of any
aspirant who did not meet with its
approval. This certainly was the
case If there be truth in the report
that the President instructed Demo-
Evening star., 1944-08-30
The Presidents Report

Inc war department has made a
rather dismal failure of its first at
tempt to differentiate between a
political speech" by the President
and a "nonpolitical report" from the
Commander in Chief.
This Is not surprising, for actually
there is no real difference. When
the President is running for re-
election anything that he does or
says, either in his role as Chief
Executive or as Commander in
Chief, has political significance and
political implications. That is a
simple fact which cannot be altered
by calling one of his addresses a
report" instead Of Speech"
In this current instance the
President made a military inspec-
ton trip into the Pacific, stopping
over in Chicago, incidentally, to
confer with his political aides on the
strategy of the Democratic political
convention. After reviewing thou
sands OF troops and inspecting va
rious Pacific installations, the Presi-
dent returned to this country and
made report" Now that report
was not a political speech in the
sense that he discussed political is
sues or appealed directly for votes,
or in the sense that his forthcoming
speech to the teamsters' union will
be political. But one would have to
be naive indeed to suppose that the
Pacific report was made without re-
gard to its political usefulness. MIR.
Roosevelt deliberately is not seeking
reelection as partisan political
leader. He is campaigning more as
Commander in Chief than as Presi-
dent, and in this sense the report"
on the Pacific trip was a political
speech, and this is form of appeal
to the electorate which can be used
very effectively.
Some days later Mr.. Roosevelt, at
a press conference, Indignantly de-
MED that there was anything po-
litical about the trip. The question,
he said, was a fool one, and had
been planted with the reporter who
asked it. That, of course, was mere
ly Mr.. Roosevelt's Interpretation;
there is no evidence that 1t is true.
But there is evidence that others
have perceived an element Of poll.
Evening star., 1944-08-30
This Changing World
By Constantine Bro,un

Under pressure from the Senate and
public opinion. the State Department
decided to admit reporters into the
heavily guarded grounds of Dumbarton
Oaks for press conference. This is
hardly an answer to the demands that
tle American people be informed about
what Is being done at that American
British Russian parley.
An occasional press conference, we'll
prepared In advance by the powers
behind the scenes, offers nothing Of
value to the public since only informa-
ton OF a general and inconsequential
nature Is given to the reporters. Unless
those whose duty 1t Is to keep the
American public posted are allowed to
have free daily contacts with the dele
gates or their representatives, there can
be no reliable reporting on the Dunn
barton Oaks sessions.
At the same time, some Of Secretary
Of State Hull's most devoted friends in
the Senate are showing signs of con-
Germ over what is being prepared at
the three-power meeting. There is m
increasing suspicion that the Senate
will be presented with q ready-made
security plan for the postwar era, i'm
plemented by q military machine which
may call for the presence Of q large
number Of American soldiers Is police
or reprisal force without the Senate
having any idea of the actual shape Of
the peace treaty.
At this time we are being told that
1t Is impossible to discuss any con-
clete matters regarding the future Of
Europe.
\ X
A long "cooling-off" period extending
possibly over a decade must elapse
before they can be discussed and agreed
on. In the meantime, the representatives
OF the three powers now meeting in
Washington believe 1t essential that
machinery for the enforcement of peace
before We know what that peace will
be-must be ready to go into effect as
soon as our enemies have surrendered
It is an open secret that the old frame
work Of the League of Nations is being
taken as pattern for the future
security Of the postwar world. The
Evening star., 1944-08-30
Element of Force
By Maj. George Fielding Eliot

1t is abundantly clear from the very
extensive public discussion Of the prob
lens OF postwar international security
that the most dimcult of those problems
revolves about the element of force.
1t seems to be generally accepted that
no international security organiza ton
can work unless 1t is backed up by ade-
quate force, and that this force must be
sufficient in strength and promptly
available II it is to act as an effective
deterrent to would-be conquerors, or If,
failing as a deterrent. it is to deal with
aggression before the aggressor grows
too strong.
The crux Of the problem, as far as
the United States is concerned, seems
to be this: How shall we reconcile such
Use of the armed forces Of the United
States outside the territory Of the United
States with our constitutional provisions
which regulate the uses of our armed
forces IN accordance with the conditions,
international and strategical, of 1887?
Must, for example, the consent of
Congress be obtained in advance when
ever it becomes necessary for the United
States to participate in any forcible ac-
ton in support Of an international Sc
curity organization? In the current
issue of the United States News, David
Lawrence suggests that the American
representative on the proposed council
of the United Nations should not even
be allowed to cast his vote in any de-
cision involving the possible use of force
until the prior authorization Of Con-
gress has been obtained. This, Mr.. Law
renee contends, Is necessary in order
that the action taken snail be assured
Of the full support of the American
people.
There is a good deal to be said for
this point Of view. Certainly 1t would
be disastrous for this Nation to f1nd
itself committed to a course of action
which was not supported by majority
Of It's citizens. But it seems to this
writer that the area within which con-
gressional action in specific cases may
be necessary can be considerably mar
rowed down by exercising reasonable
foresight.
We can begin with the disarmament
Of Germany and Japan That disarma-
ment must be complete, and it must be
maintained by force or 1t will not con-
tinue to be complete. Having agreed
on this. there should not be too much