davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1944-06-16
This Changing World
By Constantine Brown

President Roosevelt seems to be deter
mined to have no political dealings with
Gen de Gaulle. and neither the gen.
erals dramatic visit to the liberated
section of Normandy nor the pressure
of British public opinion as expressed
in the London press is apt to force him
to change his mind
Nor will Mr.. Roosevelt be moved by
the arguments of some political quarters
in the United States that Gen. de
Gaulle must be recognized as the gov
eminent of France since there is no
authority to deal with in that country.
The President has brushed aside
warnings from official London quarters
that his flrmness may earn for America
the antagonism of the Fr-nch people.
Those close to the Chief Executive be-
lieve that his stubbornness is largely
the result of his conviction that Gen.
de Gaulle is the type of man who, after
having obtained as a favor the little
finger, wants to grab the whole hand.
From purely practical point OF view,
neither Mr.. Roosevelt nor his principal
military and political advisers see any
reason why we must yield to pressure
and recognize Gen. de Gaulle.
So far, in all the French localities
which our troops have entered, the few
inhabitants who had to stay behind
have received us with the usual en-
thusiasm of people who hope the battle
in their neighborhood is over. The mill
tary authorities who have been installed
are handling local matters without any
trouble, and-What is extremely i'm
portant-Without any partiality.
OF course, at the moment we have
not occupied any major centers on the
French mainland. The various towns
and villages which in peacetime have a
fair population are practically deserted.
Their inhabitants fed long before the
attack developed. Many others had
been removed by Nazi authorities. Only
a very few who were unable to leave
or prevented from departing by the
Germans were still in their cellars
Official quarters are inclined to dis
count the reports about the frantic
enthusiasm with which Gen. de Gaulle
was received. Unquestionably, there
were cheers; but so were there cheers
for the first Allied patrols when they
first appeared on the streets chasing
the Nazis and bringing them additional
rations to feed those who had to stay
behind and had not eaten for days
X \ \ u
The American authorities are more
displeased with Gen. de Gaulle now
than ever before. The French general
has placed his personal ambition of
being recognized as the provisional chief
of the French republic ahead of the
physical effort to liberate his country.
Evening star., 1944-06-16
On the Record
By Dorothy Thompson

Walter Lippmann commenting some
days ago on Wilson'S Crucial Mistake"
found that If President Wilson had
agreed to specific and separate Ger
man treaty" to have the United States
help enforce German disarmament over
a fixed period Of years, he would have
obtained ratification. Such a treaty
would have held the Allies together for
the single task of keeping Germany dis
armed. But Wilson insisted upon giving
the League a worldwide commitment
and 1t was against this that the Senate
rebelled. Mr.. Lippmann, therefore sug-
gests that with regard to pledges to use
force in the future. we confine ourselves
to treaties definite in object and lin
tied In time" embodied, not in the
charter of new international organ
ization, but in the treaties by which
we settle with enemies.
The new League should incorporate
no commitments to use force, for If we
invest League with military power,
I'VE have no choice but to make the
biggest military powers dominant" since
none of the Big Three would consent
to allow an assembly of so or so nations
to move its army. The small European
powers can, of course, be brought in to
collaborate in keeping Germany dis
armed.
Since this is apparently what is ac-
tually cooking, let us consider what it
means. The Allies are to be held to-
gether solely by the fear of revived
Germany and Japan. Force to main
tain peace will be available only against
present enemies. Three highly armed
powers, with by no means identical in
terests, will agree only on the PROPOSE
ton that our present enemies may never
menace us again.
1t is true that no great nations will
tolerate having their armies moved by
the vote of other nations. The solution,
of course, would be to make an all
inclusive representative world organiza-
ton competent to create and adjudicate
international law and empowered with
its own means, recruited on a quota
basis, to enforce it.
The peoples of the world may be ready
for this. I dare all governments, allied
and enemy, to submit this question to
plebiscite. But our leaders are not ready
for it. They repudiate 1t in, advance.
\
Yet the three great Allies will not be
held together indefinitely by the sole
Evening star., 1944-06-16
Supply Services Race
By Mai. George Fielding Eliot

offensive against Cherbourg. We are
trying to pour men and material into
our coastal strip at an ever faster rate,
while using our air power to keep the
Germans from assembling their coun-
terattack forces and keeping up con-
stantly aggressive attitude over the
whole front so as to make the Germans
expend what forces they do have in
driblets to plug up the holes.
But the tempo of the battle is rising
toward a climax, even If the climax has
not yet been reached.
X Xxx
Meanwhile there is vitally important
military news from the Pacific.
The first bombing of the japanese
homeland by American land-based
bombers has taken place. These are
the huge new B-29 superbombers oper-
ated by the Goth Bomber Command.
The location of the target and results
are not yet known. But the attack is
undoubtedly the first move in new and
deadly phase of the war against japan,
and will be developed as rapidly and
effectively as circumstances permit.
There can be little doubt that one of the
first results will be to cause the japanese
to concentrate fighter planes and anti
aircraft guns for the defense of their
home centerS.
In this connection 1t Is no coincidence
that the bombing Of Japan took place
almost simultaneously with the renewal
of our westward movement in the Pa
cific-the landing on Saipan Island,
north of Guam, central bastion of the
Japanese inner line of defenses in the
Central Pacific. If we can make good
our hold on Saipan we can almost GER
tainly reduce Guam and the rest of the
Mariannas to our possession and will
be firmly established in position only
about 300 miles from Tokyo and rather
less than that from the Philippines. If
this operation be considered in con-
nection with Gen. MacArthur's parallel
advance along the New Guinea coast 1t
will be noted that we are moving for
ward toward the Philippines from two
directions at rate of speed which
considering the factors of time. and
spAce-is little short Of astonishing.
Evening star., 1944-06-16

Not only has he rescinded the agree
ment to place at the disposal of Gen.
Eisenhower several hundred French
officers who were eager TO accompany
the Allied troops and be the first to fire
at the enemy on French territory, but
1t is not yet clear what orders he has
given Gen. Joseph Koenig about his
participation in the liberation of France.
There is an army corps in England
composed of excellent and well-equipped
French troops. These have been trained
alongside the other Allies in amphibious
operations. They are said to number
between 10000 and $4,000 men. There
was at least one French parachute
battalion and possibly more. Gen.
Eisenhower, aware of the traditional
French punctiliousness to be the first
in assault wave against the enemy. is
reported to have planned to use this
force within "a hours after D-day.
There is no report that these troops
have seen any fighting as yet.
4 # II X
If they stay behind history win not
blame the French officers and soldiers
for not wanting to fight. Their most
recent record in Tunisia and italy
speaks sufficiently for the fighting spirit
Of the French. Neither will the Allied
high command be blamed for not allow
ing the French to help liberate their
own country. The blame necessarily
will be on Gen. de Gaulle, If he has
ordered Gen. Koenig to stay behind.
Whether Gen. de Gaulle has taken this
step is not yet clear. However, the fact
is, that among the many divisions which
are bleeding on French soil there is not
a single French platoon. Whether De
Gaulle wants to use these well-trained
units as police force later, when he
expects to go to France, or whether he
ordered Gen. Koenig to withdraw his
troops as an additional pressure on the
American Government is not known
Despite the excellent quality of the
French forces. they form only a small
addition to the Anglo Americans. We
can forge ahead and liberate France
without the military assistance of Gen.
de Gaulle. Gen. Eisenhower is reported
to have had instructions from Wash
ington to use the bulk of the French
officers in helping our MPs and the
local French authorities keep order in
the liberated areas. They were, of
course, to be under the orders of the
supreme commander of the Allied forces
in Western Europe. The presence of
French uniforms alongside those of the
Allies would have been an inspiring
thing for the French civilians. But
since Gen. de Gaulle has rescinded his
order, Gen. Eisenhower is known to
have said that their absence will in no
way interfere with the temporary or
ganization Of the liberated areas and
the feeding OF the population.
Evening star., 1944-06-16
Necessary Information

broader and more fundamen-
tai question than that involved in
whether the United States Employ
ment Service should make informa-
ton about its clients available to
the police concerns the amount of
information it should make avail
able to employers.
Under long standing rule, the
employment service has treated as
confdential-With the exception of
the FBI and few other agencies
the personal records of applicants
for employment. In normal times,
the rule is sound. 1tacorresponds in
principle with the sanctity of such
information maintained by the
Bureau of Internal Revenue, the
Social Security Board and other
agencies which are entitled by law
to obtain personal information
about citizens.
But with the new responsibility
being assumed by USES under plans
of the War Manpower Commission
to furnish employees, there is a COL
lateral obligation to furnish some
sort of certification as to the char
acter of such employees. An employer
is free, of course, to make inquiries
of his own regarding an applicant
from the USES. But as long as he
is to be compelled to recruit en-
ployes through USES, with other
sources of labor closed to him, he
has a right to expect that informa-
ton available to USES regarding an
applicants employment history also
will be made available to him.
While the War ManpoWer Com
mission puts great emphasis on the
decentralized character of its opera
tions, leaving decisions largely to
the area authorities, it is plain that
the confusion already indicated by
local Interpretation of rules and
regulations requires clariflcation
through national policy. The quick
Evening star., 1944-06-16
B-2os Over japan

II the japanese could have seen
that far above them yesterday they
might have read their own fate in
the vaporous sky writing from the
roaring exhausts of the B-29s.
For their appearance over Japan
marks the culmination-but not the
full development-of what some day
may be regarded as the most ex-
traordinary of all our extraordinary
production accomplishments in this
war. 1t is that fact, more than the
bombing results of this first raid,
which is important The mere
appearance of the B-29s was an
impressive symbol of the power of
America which the Japs helped
unleash at Pearl Harbor. 1t is that
power which will destroy Japan.
1t was in January, 1910, nearly two
years before Pearl Harbor, that the
War Department asked Boeing to
meet specifications for a Super
Fortress, giant battleship of the
air that would 60 higher, go faster,
go further and hit harder than the
already tested Bit Fortress. A
larger airplane than the Fortress
the B-15-had already been pro-
duced for tests But it was too slow.
The new ship would be something
that then was pictured only in the
imagination and was yet to be
designed.
In June of 1910 a contract was let
for an experimental model and in
September of 1912 the first test
night was made. The first produc-
tlon model took the air little over
year ago. And all the while great
plants were being constructed to
Evening star., 1944-06-16
This and That
By Charles E. TrnceUelI.
"TAKOMA PARK, Md

1AhoMA FAfGh, Mo.
Dear Sir:
Can you identify this fellow for me7
He is about the size of large robin.
Having to observe him from about so
feet away I suppose my description
isn't too exact.
His head, back and wings are dark.
but his underside is a soft light gray.
His tail is white and his beak is light
colored
My two young sons delight in feed
ing the birds which come to our gar
den. These little visitors seem to prefer
an old tin can of water in the garden
to our lovely bird bath on the front
lawn.
Among our visitors Is brown
thrasher whom the boys have named
Brownie. He often lights on the baby's
play pen wnen baby is playing quietly.
Brownie is so friendly he almost works
side by side with me when I'm digging
in the garden.
I'VE have a nest of white breasted
nuthatches in our oak tree and robins
IN another tree. Next door to the robin's
nest is Mr.. Squirrels home
Our squirrels afford us many laughs
and we love to watch them come down.
stairs for breakfast of peanut butter on
whole wheat toast.
Il have identified many of my bird
friends from your splendid column.
Sincerely yours M. H. c."
We suppose our correspondent is IA
miliar with the mocking bird, so count
it out
The yelloW-bill cuckoo is a bird
which answers the description given.
Head, back and wings are dark" might
mean either gray or brown. The cuckoo
is brown.
The yelioW-bllled cuckoo is much more
common here than the black billed
cuckoo. Each is between II and 1915
inches long, putting it into the class of
a large robin" The average robin is
from 9 to 1915 inches long.
The cuckoo is the famous rain crow,
so called, with "kow, kow' note often
heard in warm weather.
The breast is white, and the tail is
edged with white. The bill is yellow
These cuckoos eat enormous quantities
OF caterplllarS, and hence are fine birds
TO have around garden.
There is some possibility that our
correspondents bird might be the East
ern kingbird or bee martin. as it is
called hereabouts. This is a dark gray
bird, with white breast, and white tipped
tail. 1t Is not quite as large as robin.
1t speaks we'll for the tribes of birds
that practically any one of the 300
species which come to the District of
Columbia and vicinity might perch on
the rail of babyS outdoor play pen
and be a welcomed and harmless visitor.
The brown thraSher is beautiful bird,
friendly and helpful in the garden.
Certainly song sparrow would be
most welcome, and a wood thrush, too,
in such a situation.
Birds really like to drink best from a
pan on the ground. Their preference is
for dish of some sort sunk in the
earth.
While a frontlaWn position of bird
bath is good. especially as ornamental
ton, it is preferred by the birds in the
back, We believe.
A pedestal bath placed in shrubbery
makes nice addition to the garden
and seems more natural to the flyers,
who like to perch in the shrubbery and
preen their feathers after bath.
An old pie pan makes an excellent
bath and drinking place for them. 1t
should be put about 10 feet away from
the favorite eating place, preferably In
the shade, In summer. and In the sun In
winter.
Evening star., 1944-06-16

est way to give USES a black eye
with the public is to permit it to be
represented as an agency that pro-
tects criminals and others through
refusal to turn over information to
the police. 1t is being represented
that way now, and the rules should
be changed in keeping with the
larger responsibilities USES has as
sumed as an employment agency
whose use is compulsory.
Evening star., 1944-06-16
Lest He Remember

He lett US at the prelude Of his dream
ing
With school-books closed and laid
aside light
Across his face unseen before, and SEEM
ing
Gro,pn into thoughtful manhood over
night.
No,o his clear eyes must look on he'll.
-yatonino
And belching forth its Offspring men
call ,Ddr;
From skies that offer rain, sunset and
datDning
His hand must cause the flames OF
death to pour.
When he returns let no ,oord call to
mind
All this let it be buried NTH the
dead H
Who are the price OF ,oar i. Oh! let
him find
Forget tulness and dreams again, in
stead
Burn all the past let ashes Quench
the ember--
Lest he remember these lest hs
remember
INEz CLARK THoRsoN. .
Evening star., 1944-06-16
American Peace P!un

At a moment when the war is
reaching new peaks of flaming
drama and intensity on both sides
of the world-from Saipan clear to
Normandy - President Roosevelt's
announcement of a plan for an
international peace organization
seems hard put to it to win head
line or attract more than a passing
thought. Yet it is an important
statement, and in addition to being
that, it is something which the very
pace of the accelerating battle de-
mands. For now as never before,
now as we can see the beginning of
the end Of the Axis, all nebulouS
talk about future system of COL
lective security must stop being
nebulous and start being concrete
And as far as the United States is
concerned, that is what is happen
ing now; we are passing from the
vague to the specific, with the result
that the President is able to reveal
the outline of a definite American
proposal for an organization to pro-
mote and enforce the next peace.
This proposal emissions, first, the
creation of "a fully representative
body of all nations" with broad re-
sponsibilities to promote co-opera-
ton through such agencies as may
be found necessary" Second, it
would have this body annually elect
kind of executive council made up
of the four major powers-Britain,
Russia, China and the United States
plus "a suitable number" of other
powers, the council to be charged
with the task of dealing with the
peaceful settlement of international
disputes and with the prevention of
threats to the peace or breaches of
the peace" And, third, it would
establish world court of justice Ito
deal primarily with justiciable dis
putes."
The plan, as the President empha-
sizes, grows out of a series of non
partisan conferences held in this
country over the past 18 months. It
Is not starry-eyed or grandiose. 1t
does not aim at setting up super
state with a world police force It's
purpose Is simple-to suggest the
form, the method, the machinery
required to band together the peace
loving powers in a genuine system
OF cooperation. I'VE are seeking"
says the President, defective agree
ment and arrangements through
which the nations would maintain,
according to their capacities, ade-
quate forces to meet the needs of
preventing war and of making i'm
possible deliberate preparation for
war, and to have such forces avail
able for joint action when necessary"
OF course, the American proposal
to this end, as set forth by the Presi-
dent, is not the last word on the
subject, either for Americans or
other peoples. But it is at least a
long step in the right direction, Civ
Ing fairly clearcut form to ideas
which heretofore have lacked any
concrete suggestion of how they
were to be put to work. This is a
significant advance, the more so
because the war is at a point where
we must start thinking very soberly
OF what we are going to do when
peace comes - and it may come
sooner than we dare to hope.
Evening star., 1944-06-16
No One to Pray?

To the Editor OF The Star:
Several days ago story was printed
to the effect that the Senate had gone
into session without an opening prayer
because the chaplain had not been noti-
fed of an early convening.
Was there no Senator or possibly
newspaperman in the gallery who might
have been called upon TO ask His guild
ance on that day during these troubled
times? g. A. LINTHICUM.
Evening star., 1944-06-16
The Moose Tiqhtens

Now, suddenly, the lightning has
struck with such violence in the far
Pacific that for the moment at least
the mighty clash of arms in Nor
mandy moves into place of second
ary interest. The B-29s, our super
secret Super Fortresses, have at last
revealed themselves in an avenging
visitation upon the japanese home
land. simultaneously, and far more
significantly from the standpoint
of drawing a strangulating moose
around the enemy, our forces have
landed on Saipan in the Marianas,
1,400 miles from the Philippines and
roughly the same distance from
Tokyo.
Along with a great American
naval-air armada, the attack by the
B-29s supports this landing. So, too,
do General MacArthur's long-range
bomber forays against the Carolines,
some 800 miles southwest of Saipan.
So, too, does the task force assault
on the Bonin Islands about midway
between the Marianas and Tokyo.
So, too, does the American blow
delivered from the surface of the sea
against the Kuriles, just north of
Japan proper. Leaving aside what
Is happening to them in the New
Guinea area and on the Asiatic
mainland, the japanese thus are
now subject to fire from every direc-
ton, in such a manner and degree
as to daze and befuddle them.
The battle for Saipan is merely
In its first stages, but though it may
prove to be the bitterest yet in the
Pacific, we can be sure that it will
be won by our forces And when it
Is won, the next smashing move may
be against the Carolnes, to batter
down the enemy's last bulwark of
Islands in front of his vital north
south supply line, the Philippines
and the China coast beyond. The
sea, land and air power which we
have committed to these multiple
assaults Is obviously immense-a
fact which must amaze and stagger
the japanese when they consider
that we are also striking with
formidable strength against the
Eazis on the other side of the world.
So great has our Pacific power
become, in fact, that we do not
hesitate to strike all over that vast
expanse of ocean in deliberate
challenge to the japanese to send
out the main body of their navy
In an effort to destroy our separate
task forces in detail, more or less
In the classic manner described by
Admiral Mahan. But they appar-
emily do not dare to do so. It is as if
they thought each one of these task
forces of ours were too strong to be
engaged; it is as if they were sud-
denly looking into the eyes of a
many-headed cobra and rendered
immobile-half by hypnotism, half
by the paralysis of fear-at sight
of the deadly power converging upon
them from all sides
The implications of the B-29s,
added to the implications of Saipan,
lend the final benumbing touch.
Like their crumbling partnership
crime in Europe, the japanese must
now see their doom taking a clear
shape, must realize that their game
is at last in the process of being
broken up, inexorably and forever.
Evening star., 1944-06-16
Pleads for Kindness

To the Editor Of The Star:
The Washington Animal Rescue
League goes on record as protesting
the injudicious presentation of the news
in connection with the recent rabies
scare. We believe news presented in
correctly incites violence and cruelty
toward animals. We ask instead that
your paper cooperate with us and
other organizations interested in the
welfare of animals and explain to the
public that animals can be protected
by rabies innoculation and that great
protection also can be effected by the
careful muzzling of animals
Please cooperate with us by educat-
ing people toward kindness instead of
cruelty-of which there is too much
in the world
TERESA JAMES MORRIS,
Secretary, the Washington Animal
Rescue League.
Evening star., 1944-06-16
Says Most People Want the Trutf

To the Editor of The Star:
read with interest much that you
put in print. While your political affili-
ations are little different from mine,
or have been, like your paper anyway.
Continue to stand on what you believe
to be the right side of every question
and you always will have subscribers.
The American public is not SO dumb
after all and while there are few of
us that you have to hit on the head
with hickory club before we can
completely understand, I will say the
majority of folks love the truth and it
can be completely unfolded to them.
PAUL CONDUITTE.