davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1944-06-05
Fitting Memorial
By Dasid laurence
From the Topeka Capital.


william Allen White was a Kansas
institution and q national institution,
and nothing Is required to perpetuate
his memory. His own career in the field
Of newspaper work, literature, politics
and American life in general will be his
own monument. And yet, it is entirely
fitting that his home State, and partic-
ularly his home community of Emporia,
should acknowledge the esteem and
affection in which Bill White will always
be held.
Emporia Teachers College needs new
library. The State Board of Regents,
authorizing the project, has wisely &C
cepted the suggestion of President James
Price that the building be named after
Emporias foremost man Of letters. The
library will therefore be memorial
uniquely fitting. It will be filled with
books-and william Allen White loved
books as he loved life itself. It will be
an inspiration to youth and a wholesome
influence upon their careers. Scarcely
anything any one could propose could
be more suitable. And surely nothing
could be more productive Of lasting good.
Evening star., 1944-06-05
On the Record
BY Dorothy THOMPSON

On June Miss Frances Perkins
launched before the convention of the
International Ladies' Garment Workers
Union IN Boston, an 18-point program
Tor postwar economic rehabilitation,
This program is largely concerned
with return to normalcy in industrial
life. Working hours are again to be
reduced In order to spread work:
youth Is to be educated or trained up
to the age of 20; women who do not
have to work are to be retired from in
dustry; there is to be q resettlement
movement on the land: public works
are to be undertaken in localities where
there are pools of UNEMPLOYED: social
security is to be extended.
This is all well and good. But it is
utterly inadequate. It presumes a re-
turn OF the thirties, and offers approxi-
mately the same program for dealing
with new depression. It assumes that
there will be much more available labor
than conceivable work. It conceives
again, OF public works, not as enter
prises to be undertaken for the recon-
struction and beautifying of the United
States, but as type Of relief. It intro
duces not single new note. It is a
trade-unlon bureaucrat's and social
workers scheme.
T.
What this country must do, II 1t is to
survive as the center of mans hopes. is
to rekindle the spirit of enterprise
social and individual.
What we need Is not a collection of
palliatives to patch up the soft spots,
but re-awakening of the pioneering
spirit. We need public works not be-
cause there are unemployed men, but
because 1t Is crying shame to allow
our soil to deteriorate. our forests to be
DESTROYED, and our people to live in
slums in unsightly towns and unspright-
ly countrysides
We need to improve our education not
In order to keep youth idle until thev
are mature, but in order to make more
Intelligent, competent, healthy and
noble men and women. Thousands of
Evening star., 1944-06-05
Investing in the UNRRA

In approving legislation to finance
American participation in the
United Nations Relief and Rehabili-
tation Administration for the next
fiscal year, the House has recog-
nized the immediacy of a problem
that will grow progressively with
the liberating advance of our Allied
armies. The measure fixes our ini-
tial contribution at $450,000, 900.
Considering the task confronting
the UNRRA, the sum is moderate,
and perhaps the Senate will re-
consider the Houses refusal to per-
NIT the President-as originally
provided for in the bill-to transfer
to the fund supplemental $780,
10000 in lease-lend money, when
and as necessary.
The problem is with us already.
1t grows with every new mile gained
by our forces in Italy and by Rus
sian forces in Eastern Europe. And
before many more weeks are gone,
it will probably constitute one of
the biggest and most pressing un-
dertakings of the United Nations.
Millions and millions of individuals
in the Nazi-occupied lands are in
terrible need. They are without
homes. they wear tatters for
clothes, they are undernourished,
they are in constant danger of cpl
denies in their wrecked cities.
To meet this situation all the
United Nations-each contributing
it's share in proportion to it's re-
sources-are pledged to cooperate
through the medium of the UNRRA
in program of prompt action. Nor
can there be too much promptness,
for the war has reached a point
where the sudden liberation of large
areas Of Europe is entirely possible,
If not probable. In fact, according
to the House Appropriations Com
mittee, our own Army expects to
be so far advanced on the continent
between now and next December
that it will need about a half billion
dollars to feed, clothe and maintain
the behind -the-lines civilian popu-
lations during that period. AS far
as money goes, therefore, the legis-
lation approved by the House is
conservative. Moreover, it's purpose
is not humanitarian alone: the
UNRRA. besides being an agency of
mercy, is designed to avert chaos in
the rear of our Allied armies and
to restore the liberated to self
supporting way of life as quickly as
possible in order to make sound
beginning on building the next
peace
Evening star., 1944-06-05
Rome's DeIiverunce

The liberation of Rome does not
end the battle of Italy, but it marks
the climax of that hard and bitter
campaign and enters history as one
of the greatest and most meaningful
events of the Second World War. All
the civilized peoples of the West
have reason to rejoice in it, particu-
larly because it has been accom-
plished with relatively little wreck
age.
1t was approximately nine months
ago that the first Allied troops set
foot on the southern tip of the Ital-
ian peninsula. Since then the
march northward has been violent
and bloody one for our Fifth and
Eighth Armies, with the Nazis ex-
acting heavy price for every inch
of ground yielded to us. Not every
thing went according to schedule or
plan. The long stalemate at Cas-
sino and the fierce and costly strug-
gle to establish and hold the Anzio
beachhead were not precisely what
was expected, and it took an i'm
mense degree of heroiSm and sacri-
flee to come through them success
fully at last and send the enemy
reeling into his present retreat.
The tide turned spectacularly on
May II when our Allied forces cut
loose with all-out power against the
Gustav Line. In the twenty-four
days from then until yesterday, and
in the twelve days of the Fifth
Army's supplementary offensive
from the Anzio positions, five Nazi
divisions have been virtually ami
hilated, with more than 10000 enemy
troops taken prisoner. And Rome,
which besides being the Eternal City
was once, paradoxically, one of the
three major capitals of the anti
Christian Axis, has been delivered,
the Nazis fleeing it not so much be-
cause they wanted to save it from
destruction, as they say, but because
1t would have been militarily waste
full and foolhardy for Kesselring to
try holding it with his battered
armies against our overwhelming
might.
Those armies are running as fast
as they can now to form new de-
fensive line somewhere to the north.
And as General Clark has announced,
Ronle's deliverance is merely Incl
dental to the main task of our forces
-thestask of pursuing and engaging
the fugitive enemy until he is wholly
defeated and all of Italy is liberated.
Hitler's falling star has fallen to
a new low and the political and
psychological consequences will be
far-reaching, not only among the
Italians but among all the peoples
of tormented Europe, including the
Germans themselves.
Evening star., 1944-06-05

women, now working in war plants need
10 go nome not in order to relieve the
labor market, but in order properly to
care Tor their homes and children. And
manufacturers do not need to be en-
couraged to promote the sale of refris-
orators; they need to be pulled together
as part OF great plan to expand their
markets for everything. internally and
externally.
Reasonable hours Of labor will come
automatically where there is an econ
ony making full use of its human and
material resources. If q man can earn
enough In 80 or 40 hours to support
hlmseE and his family according ia
acceptable standards, he won't slave
for 60.
In an expanding economy the reduce
ton OF hours of labor is made to pre-
vent exploitation. When hours are re-
duced merely for the sake Of spreading
work, we have before us the symptom
of a disease.
There is enough to do. in America
and in the world, to keep everybody b,,sv
Tor long time to come. There are in
ternational problems, crying for Arneri-
can collaboration In their creative solu.
ton. -
On little subpeninsula Of Asia, called
western Europe. there are crowded AZ
many people as In the Soviet Union. the
United States and the entire British
commonwealth, all taken together. No
wonder that this area is imperialistic
without and cannibalistic within. MIL
lions Of Europeans want to emierate
Elsewhere there ore co,,rfr;a. .,..Sl.. -
population, defenseless and dependent
because of 1t.
In the 10Th century the DEVELOPMENT
OF the United States was the salvation
OF Europe and huge contribution to
world peace. In the 20th century there
Is challenge to create new civilizations.
and expand and develop the existing
ones.
Let us have an end of palliatiyes-or
rather let US put palliatives at the end
tReleased By the Bell Syndicate. Inc1
Evening star., 1944-06-05
Repeats Code Proposal


Announcement of initial steps taken
by the Department of State, in collab-
grafton with the Senate committee.
looking to establishment of an interna-
tional peace and security organization,
comes none too soon for the boy who
was Communicated from home and fire.
side-and all that life holds dear-to
fight in the miasmic swamps of New
Guinea or on the lofty crags of the
Apennines. He at least would like some
assurance that his son, or grandson,
perhaps, will not be called upon to sacri-
flee everything in senseless war that
accomplishes nothing.
Now that admission of tentative plans
for the formation of such an organiza-
ton is out in the open, I presume that
the press will be flooded with sugges-
tions as to just how the thing can and
should be done. Some, doubtless will
emanate from what the President
quoting the late T. R.-denominated
the "lunatic fringe"
Without desire to contribute to the
to-be-expected plethora of suggestions,
this writer again presumes to direct at
tentlon to the historic fact that sane
tions with which all previous peace
preservation plans have been loaded
against aggressor nations" completely
misses the largest. Wars of aggression
or conquest are not melted by nations"
Or the people. Always it is some ego
maniac obsessed with the fantastic idea
and desire of ruling the earth that
starts the trouble. Any convention or
agreement which fails specifically to
take care of such as these will again
prove but worthless paper. What is
needed, as I have said before, is an in
ternational criminal code, the first pro-
vision of which should be the penalty of
death for any one who begins a war of
aggression. WILBUR H. CLOSE.
Evening star., 1944-06-05
This Changing World
Bv C0nsfoufiue Rro,c,,

At least two and probably three Ger
man divisions are reported to have
been ordered into Northern Yugoslavia
from italy since the beginning of the
Allied drive to Rome.
So long as Allied forces were stymied
at Casino and Anzio the Germans
maintained stationary force in North
ern Yugoslavia. This force was large
enough to cope with the occasional out
bursts OF the Partisans under the COM
mand of Marshal Tito. The Partisans,
like most of the guerrillas, had . strong
nuisance value but did not actually
threaten the Nazi grip on Yugoslavia.
For political and morale-boosting pur-
poses their local successes were de.
scribed in official communiques as i'm
portant victories. But military men in
close touch with the situation were
aware Of the exaggerations contained in
these communiques.
So long as the Allied forces were
hemmed In the narrow strip between
the Tyrrhenian and the Adriatic Seas
the occasional Partisan raids in forces
seldom exceeding a few thousand men,
lacking tanks and heavy artillery and
having only an occasional air cover from
the airf1elds in italy, constituted no
threat to the Nazi conquerors.
The impending termination of the
first phase Of the Italian campaign
which will bring Allied forces to Rome
and into the plains north Of the Eternal
City could change this situation.
y Il
The Allied forces in italy cannot re-
main idle. They may attempt to move
north to attack the next line of German
resistance established, according to re-
ports, from Genoa to Rimini. Or the
Allies may consolidate their positions
north Of Rome and attempt to transfer
the bulk of the force into Yugoslavia.
The British American naval units as
sisted by Italian and French forces
which are now operating in the Medi-
terranean have complete control of the
Adriatic. The few Na1 submarines and
light surface craft based on Trieste,
Venice and Pola can not interfere seri-
ously If the high command should de-
eide to make a large scale diversion in
Yugoslavia.
1t is improbable that the German
divisions from Italy have already
reached their positions In Yugoslayia.
The high powered raid Of q battalion
OF German paratroopers against Tito's
headquarters which missed the Partisan
Evening star., 1944-06-05
The Hitler Ulcer
BY Maj. George Fieldins Eliot

The Emperor Napoleon in his days of
exile, spoke bitterly of the Spanish
ulcer" which drained the life from INV
empire" He was referring, of course,
TO the long struggle in Spain and Por-
tugal, struggle in which the inhabit-
ants of those countries were aided by
comparatively small British forces In
resisting the efforts of Napoleon to add
them to his list of conquests.
1t was contest in which the imperial
armies gained little distinction. They
held. as rule, only the ground on which
they stood. Their communications had
to be protected by chains of forts along
the main highways. In many parts Of
Spain courier bearing dispatches could
not be sent from one place to another
with an escort of less than 20 men.
At the farther end of these long and
dif11cult communications, the French
could never quite produce suff1cient
power to drive Wellington into the sea:
and IN the end as that wise and great
general foresaw, they grew so weak In
the peninsula that he was enabled to
attack them and drive them back across
the Pyrenees into France But 1t was
not this defeat of which the exiled
emperor spoke so bitterly; it was rather
the effect upon his total effort. his main
design, Of the drain of the Spanish war
year after year.
The peninsular theater of operations
was eccentric to the main theater in
Eastern and Central Europe. 1t was the
domination Of these regions with which
Napoleon was chiefly concerned. Yet
always he had to choose between con-
tinuing the war in the peninsula. or
permitting the peninsula to become an
avenue by which the sea-borne British
armies might threaten his flank and
rear.
Iberian peninsula of Napoleon's time
and the Balkan peninsula of Hitlers
present troubles. The French conuueror
was never able quite to subdue the peo-
pie OF Spain and Portugal. So it has
been with Hitler in Yugoslavia and
Greece
And the further analogy holds, that
these free and unconquered people have
had support from the powers who con-
troll the sea. Arms have been sent them;
not very many at first, but more as the
war has progressed. 1t was the defeat
of the French sea power at Trafalgar
that opened the way for the British
land campaign in the peninsula 1t was
the surrender Of the Italian fleet that
has opened the way for an increase of
Allied help to the Yugoslav and Greek
patriot forces.
Today those forces, plus Hitler's fear
of losing the entrances to the Aegean
Sea, are tying up some Is German di-
visions-or they were, few days ago.
1t is reported that three or four of
Evening star., 1944-06-05
And Now Commencement

The class comes marching In. My heart
grolDS old
And stun,bIes as look for my tall SON
Among the group ,DiH be calm and
hold
All tears In leash. No ldurels he has
tDon
Make up for kno,Ding he must leaus
for tDdr
Before tomorro,D's sunset. tDiL smile
As brauely as the other mothers, for
Each one is loued ,pho marches up
the aisle.
Yes, my numb face must hide all trace
OF pain
That pretaces the long adieu at hand
With grief unmeasured till he comes
again
(God grant it,, back from par's
nnchdrted land.
Each mother thinks: Can pictory atoms
For Wlldt tDe bear? Yet each smiles
at her oiDn.
OWE PEDIGo TANNER.
Evening star., 1944-06-05
Add: History

No one can say with any certainty
how many times the most celebrated
city in the world, the veritable
''prima urbes inter" of Ausonius, has
been taken. Historians have failed
to keep track of the number of occu-
pations which Rome has experienced
since its foundation nearly twenty
seven centuries ago. The Sabines
assumed possession of the original
town a short while after its estab-
lishment. It is recorded that the
Gauls burned what was left of the
place after devastating siege in
387 BIC. Exactly three hundred
years later, four armies-those of
Marius, CHINA, Carbo and Sertorius
attacked the walls at once, with
the result that might be expected.
The assaults of the barbarians from
the north and east began as early
as 222 AID. Alaric arrived in 410,
Genseric in 455, Odoacer in Ats, To-
tia in 546, Arnulf in 696, Henry w
in 1884, the Constable de Bourbon in
1927.
More modern forces that have held
"the hub of the universe" have been
those of the revolutionary French in
1896, the Neapolitans in 1899, the
French again in 1901 and in 1849,
the Italians under Cadorna in 1870
Damage inflicted upon the commu-
nifty in each of this long series of
conquests, of course, is incalculable
SO, too, is the cost of sequence of
revolutions developing within the
boundaries OF Rome itself. The pa
triclans and the plebians fought
each other Systematically for gen.
erations. Spartacus and his slaves
were only a few of the rebels" who
undertook to wreck the ancient city
The roster of instructions runs from
80 BIC. to 1854 AID. Meanwhile,
famine, pestilence and repeated
floods alternated in the annals of
the capital of the earth.
What American troops and their
Allies are finding in Rome is what
the ages have reared and razed.
Signs Of the dictatorship of Musso-
lini, from 1922 until last September,
will be plentiful. Still more numer-
Gus, however, will be the relics of the
departed tyrants Of antiquity. The
Evening star., 1944-06-05
Franco Condemned by Critic of
Fascist Dictators"

Fascist Dictators"
To the Editor of The Star:
1t seems to me that you overpraise
Winston Churchill's recent statement In
regard to England's relations with
Franco Spain.
First, 1t seems that ideologies very we'll
can be likened to certain contagious
diseases, which if controlled can do little
damage, but If they are allowed to
spread will kill many victim before
the epidemic passes over To say, as
Mr. Churchill does, that the internal
government of a country Is none of the
worlds affair Is purest nonsense, for
the internal government of a country
more often than not influences its for
eign policy. The internal government
of Spain is Fascist and In foreign policy
Spain has been much more helpful to
Nazi Germany and Fascist italy than
she has toward the members Of the
United Nations. Were it not to, there
would have been little need for recent
negotiations with Spain concerning
Spanish troops on the Russian front,
the German consulate in Tangier or
SPANS economic aid to the Axis. Does
not SPANS foreign policy reflect its
internal policy?
Second: Had the prewar nations
shown a little more wisdom toward the
German republic before Hitlers time,
perhaps Hitler never would have been
able to reach power. But no, going on
the assumption that the type of in
ternal government is immaterial, Hit
lers regime was recognized Immediately
as the German government. The result
of our noninterference In Germany was
the rise of Nazism; the result Of our
noninterference in Spain is present
pro-Nazi regime.
Third: In regard TO Argentina, our
policy has been so wobbly as to be
practically nonexistent. Perhaps the day
will come when no dictatorial regime
will gain recognition of the other world
powers. To suggest that government
that suspends newspapers, forbids or
controls labor unions and forbids dis
cussion of religion should be recognized
as friendly government is absurd. To
be fighting for freedom in one part
of the world, while recognizing govern
mental tyranny in another Is most IL
logical. Merely to ignore the existence
of government is not interfering in
the internal affairs of government, for
government, like that Of Spain or
Argentina, which came into power
through civil war or other violence
knows no rules except those that will
continue its own self-perpetuation. Nor
can it be said that the attitude of The
Star would be the same were Panama
to enjoy a pro-Nazi regime and thus
endanger the Panama Canal.
Because Of Franco Spain, France was
forced to have troops not only on the
Belgian German border, on the Italian
border, but also on the Spanish frontier.
If we are fighting to make the world
safe for Fascist dictators as long as
they do us no visible harm except that
of perpetuating the ideas of our enemies
and of giving them aid, then I firmly
believe that we should revise our al
ready most negative war aims, for
unconditional surrender of the Axis
will mean naught If we allow Fascism
and totalitarianism to continue else
where under new pames and leaders.
HENSLEY G.. WOODBRIDGE.
Evening star., 1944-06-05
The Cuban Election

one OF Ine most interesting
points about the recent Cuban cleo
ton is the fact that an opposition
candidate won after an orderly cam
paign and his victory has been ac-
cepted by the administration and
the defeated candidate, who had
administration backing. This is
evidence that the elections were
free and that the votes were fairly
counted. The outcome is all the
more noteworthy because DR.. Carlos
Saladrigas, the government coali-
tion candidate, not only had the
support of the administration, but
seems to have had ample. funds at
his disposal for election purposes.
DR.. Ramon Grau San Martin, the
PreSident-elect, is no newcomer to
Cuba's political life. Once before he
occupied the presidential chair in
the stormy period after the over
throw of the Machado dictatorship
in the summer of 1888. DR.. Grau
San Martin represents the type of
"the scholar in politics" who has
often appeared in Latin America. A
quiet, studious man, he left his pro-
fesSional study in Havana University
to enter the revolutionary struggle
against Machado, gained the en-
thusiastic support of the students
who played so large a part in the
dictator's overthrow, and month
later became President with the sup
port of Fulgencio Batista, the hard
listed sergeant who engineered a re-
volt OF the lower ranks of the army
against the officers corps. DR.. Grau
at that time stood for a strongly
nationalistic program including op-
position to foreign influence. His
tenure OF office was brief. Differ
ences developed between him and
Batista, and he resigned under pres
sure in January, 1884, approximately
four months after his inaugura-
ton. Thereafter, Batista dominated
Cuban politics, first indirectly and
then as President in October, 1910.
The Cuban constitution provides for
a four-year presidential term with
out reelection; so Batista was in
eligible to succeed himself. DR.. Sal
adrigas was thus the candidate of
the administration and the political
groups supporting it.
The success of the opposition
ticket is due mainly to the discon-
tent observable throughout most of
Latin America at the present time.
and which is due to the impact of
the war upon its economic life.
Trade disruption has produced a
general trend toward imitation.
shortages of vital imports and large
scale black market operations. Al
though these unfortunate phenome-
ma are basically inevitable, the gov
ernments in office naturally take
much OF the blame with the public,
and their shortcomings are stressed
by their opponents. The Cuban
campaign was fought chiefly on such
domestic issues. The incoming ad-
ministration may be somewhat more
nationalistic in tone, but no reversal
OF foreign policy should be antici-
pated, especially in regard to Cuba's
attitude toward the war and pan
American collaboration.