davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1944-01-04
Editors Scoop on Marshall
Was Good Guesswork, He Saws

Good guesSWork and some tele-
phone calls enabled Nelson Poynter
editor and co-owner of the st
Petersburg CFla) Times, to trace
the story that permitted his paper
to be the first in the country to
name Gen. George c. Marshall
Army chief of staff, as the anony-
nous authority who had declared
Friday that labor troubles in the
railroad and steel industries had
been the equivalent of a military
defeat for this country
The Times published the story
Saturday morning while the coun-
try was specializing on the identity
of the responsible source" who
loosed the blast that has spurred
angry retorts from labor and has
had further repercussions in Con-
gress.
Mr.. Poynter, formerly assistant
chief of the ow-abolished motion
picture bureau of the Office of Wal
Information headed by Lowell Mel
lett, is in Washington doing some
writing. He formerly was business
manager of the Washington Daily
News and later was editor of the
Columbus (Ohio) Citizen.
Mr.. Poynter said he was listening
to the radio at his home Friday
night when he heard a commenta-
tor discussing the statement ly 9
responsible source"
Draws His Conclusions.
II began putting two and two
together" Mr.. Poynter said. II,
seemed probable that the source was
not the President for he was IL
with a cold. The broadcast seemed
to point to Gen. Brehon B. Somer.
veil, but I crossed that of when
recalled that this particular broad.
caster seemed thoroughly impressed
by and friendly to the responsible
source whereas he has repeatedly
hammered Gen. Somervell.
'"rhe obvious thought then was
Gen Marshall. did some telephon.
ing. I talked to half a dozen person.
who said they had heard that Gen
Marshall had had an off-the-recorc
press conference, but who were not
present at 1t. I found no one whit
would admit personal knowledge o
Evening star., 1944-01-04

Rumania lies on the Prut. The
Soviets regarded Bessarabia as "oc-
cupied territory" ever since it de.
clared its independence and in
corporeted itself with Rumania ir
1918.
Closer to Latvia Above Newell.
Far to the north, in the swirline
battles near Vitebsk and Newell, Rus
sian forces are about 70 miles from
the former Polish and Latvian bor-
ders, and are still closer to Latvia
above the Newell area.
Along with Poland, the Russians
took over Lithuania, Latvia ano
Estonia in 1910, subsequently max
ing them republics of the Soviet
These acquisitions pushed the bor-
der some 280 miles west from the old
frontiers in the Vitebsk and Nevel
areas, or all the way across Lithu-
ania and Latvia to the Baltic shore
From Finland Russia gained the
Karelian Isthmus, including Viipuri
and territory along Finland's east
ern border, in the winter war OF
1939-40. With German help, the
Firms retook Viipuri and their part
OF the Karelian Isthmus and gained
a slice of Karelia to the north.
New Postwar Border.
This apparently is what Russia
wants to be her new border line
after the war:
1t envelops all of Estonia. Latvia
and Lithuania. From Lithuania II
touches East Prussia, going south
west, then curves southeast along
the Bug River, barely taking ir
Brest- -Litovsk and including Luck
(by good margin) all the way to
Sokol. At Sokol it bends west and
southwest to the San River near
Jaroslaw and follows the San to the
Carpathian Mountains. This was
the line that was established across
Poland by agreement between For
eign Commissar Vyacheslav Molotoy
and German Foreign Minister
Joachim Won Ribbentrop. The line
then runs along the Carpathians tc
the old Rumanian border, takes in
chunk Of Northern Bucovina in q
line about 10 miles below Cernaut
and then cuts off all of Bessarabis
between the Prut and Dniestel
Rivers.
Rumania, whose troops have suf-
fered heavily IN eastern front fight.
ing, took back Bessarabia and the
Germans awarded her Trans-Dnies.
tria, black-soil wheat belt between
the Dniester and lower Bug River
Trans-Dniestria, oficially decreed
to be part of Rumania, includes the
Black Sea port of Odessa.
Evening star., 1944-01-04
|hoyt and Successor
Call for Accurate,
Swift War Reports
- the Associated Press.

- the ASsoclated PreSs.
News from the battle fronts will
be swifter and more accurate. saws
Palmer Hoyt. who retired yesterday
as domestic director of the once OF
War Information.
Unless the arrangements to pro-
vide the news of battle are built
right into the battle plans, the peo-
pie are not going to get the story, :"
Mr.. Hoyt said at q press conference
following the installation Of his
successor, George w. Healy, IT,,
managing editor of the New Orleans
Times-Picayune.
That was proved at Tarawa,
which I consider the greatest cover
age In the history of warfare" he
added. He praised the pattern of
news coverage set up by the Marine
Corps at Tarawa and for the land
ings In New Britain.
Colored News Assailed.
Mr.. Healy said the public is en-
titled to an accurate, realistic pic
ture OF military operations as rapid
ly as security will permit.
THE American people have strong
eyes and good ears" said Mr.. Healy.
"They can take the news straight
without folding up. They are not
color-blind either. If you try to
color the news to achieve any pur-
pose. they will react unfavorably."
Returning to his position as pub
Usher of the Morning Oregonian at
Portland, Mr.. Hoyt said his six
months in Washington had con-
vinced him more firmly than ever
OF the need for continuing the do
mestic branch of owl as a vital war
function"
I'VE are getting out more military
and naval news, with increased co.
operation from the armed services.
But we will always during the war
need a civilian advocate to repre-
sent the interests Of the press and
the public"
Domestic Unit Stronger.
Mr.. Healy, introduced by Mr.. Hoyt
as "a damned good newspaperman
one of the best in the country" said
he hoped his stay in Washington
won't last Longer than a year."
He inherits domestic branch
vastly strengthened by his prede-
cessor. On the day of Mr.. Hoyt's
arrival last June, the House voted to
abolish Owls domestic branch by
eliminating It's appropriation en-
tirely.
Finally granted about one-fourth
Iof the funds asked, Mr. Hoyt reor-
ganized the domestic operations,
eliminated the field service and
many less essential functions, and
embarked on an effort to get more
realistic coverage of the war in
news and pictures than the Army
and Navy previously had permitted.
Arguing that Americans do not
need sugar-coated news to keep up
their morale, Mr.. Hoyt won edito-
rial support from many influential
newspapers. He expects to leave for
Oregon Thursday.
Evening star., 1944-01-04
Publicity Is Planned
For Birthday Ball

Appointment of a working CON-
mlttee to handle publicity for this
years Presidents Birthday Ball was
announced by Chairman j. Ray
mond Bell.
The committee, which will pub
liciZe the annual series of events
in the infantile paralysis program
included q representatives of radio,
newspapers, stores, utility companies
and theaters. Mr.. Bell, public re-
lations oficer of Pennsylvania Gen.
tral Airlines, has served on birthday
ball committees during eight of the
10 years of this event in the Dis
trict.
Other members of the committee
are:
Frank La Falce, Warner Bros,
Theaters, vice chairman; l.. William
Hill, city editor, The Star; G.. T.
Tankersley, city editor Times-Her-
aid; Ray Helgeson, executive city
editor of the Times Herald; Frank
Dennis, assistant to managing edi-
tor, the Post; Aubrey Graves, man.
aging editor Daily News.
Charles Zurhorst, publicity direc-
tor of VOL and William Dolph,
general manager of the station;
Lawrence Heller, general manager
of WINK: Fred Shawn, manager OF
station WRC; Karl Burklan, man.
ager of station WTOP; Kenneth
Berkeley, manager of WMAL; Ben
Larsen, manager of WWDC; James
Rotto, advertising director of The
Hecht Co.; James Hardy, adver-
tising director of Woodward Ss
Lothrop; Henry Voss, advertising
director of Lansburgs; Robert
Lewis, advertising manager of the
Washington Gas Light Co.; Robert
Dougan, special assistant to the
president of Capital Transit Co.;
Jefferey Abel, Henry kaufman ad-
vertising agency: Harry Merrick,
Kal advertising agency; william j.
Key, Pea; Louis Krakow, adyer-
tising manager District Grocery
Stores; Kirk Miller, Safeway Stores:
Forbes Campbell, Federal Deposit
Insurance Corp. Charles Stofberg,
special assistant to Commissioner
Young; and H. P. Goodwin. who will
serve as executive secretary of the
committee.
Evening star., 1944-01-04
Observers Here Hone
Russia Will Avoid
F|are-up With Poland
By the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
Diplomatic observers here watched
the Russian Army's westward drive
today with fingers crossed in the
hope that no incidents will arise tc
snap the tension between Russia
and the Polish government-in-exile
The question of whether the
smoldering feeling between POLAND
and Russia, which do not have
diplomatic relations, will flare ur
depends on actions taken by the
Polish underground, the conduct o1
the Red Army and the attitude ol
the Polish government in London.
Jan Kwapinski, Polish deputy
premier who attended the United
Nations Relief Conference in At.
lantic City, said in Chicago three
weeks ago that instructions hac
been issued to the Polish under.
ground and that they had been SUBJ
mitted to the British and American
high commands.
He did not indicate, however
whether the chiefs of staff approved
"A statement put out by a high
Polish source last month declaring
that the people in Eastern Poland
may fight occupying Russian troops
was looked on as outdated by a
Polish Embassy spokesman today.
He said subsequent developments
at Teheran and London have some
what changed the situation, but
that no instructions had yet been
received from London as to the DO
sition of the government.
The Poles took the stand earlier
that the Red Army should be ac-
companied by American and Brit
ish officers. and diplomatic relations
should be renewed with Russia be-
fore the occupation began.
Evening star., 1944-01-04
Retired U. 5. Worker, 80,
Badly Beaten and Robbed

Frank T. Razey, SO, retired EN-.
ploye of the Government Printing
Once of SAT H street NE. was
pounced on by several assailants
late yesterday as he entered his
apartment, police said, and robbed
of his billfold containing 5000.
Mr.. Razey received severe beat
ing on the head, according to police
He was taken to Casualty Hospital
where his condition was reported
undetermined today.
Evening star., 1944-01-04
BY the Associated Press.

PITTSBURGH, Jan. 4.-Fol-
lo,Diug is the tert of the telegram
sent yesterday By Philip Murray,
president OF the CO. United ,
Steel Workers OF America, to
| Donald M. Nelson, chairman of
the War Production Board, ,Uith
a copy to Gen. George c. Mar
shall, CHIEF OF Staff.
January 3, 1914.
Donald Nelson, chairman,
War Production Board,
Social Security Building.
Washington:
I call your attention to the fact
that the steel industry is scheduled
to operate below capacity this week.
This means that some 64 open
hearth and electric furnaces are out
OF production. I am listing the
most important of this idle capacity
which were it put into production
would give the Nation an additional
1880 tons of steel every "a hours or
approximately $1,000 tons a week.
This Is enough steel for 1000 tanks
or seven 12,000-ton cruisers or 18 of
the new Victory ships week.
Just one year ago the United
Steelworkers of America assured you
that the year l943 would see an all
time production record. Last sum-
mer We joined with you in tour of
the steel industry to give our Nation
an additional 100000 tons during
the last six months of 1943. Both
goals have been reached. AS a mat
ter of fact there are approximately
2,500,0 900 tons of semifnished steel
which includes ingots, slabs and
blooms piled in the yards of mills
today and 10000 900 tons of finished
steel in stock piles in fabricating
plants.
Idleness Is Handicap.
! We, now, at the beginning of 1914
assure you that We are prepared to
help break the worlds record OF
l943, but the present idle capacity
idle through no fault of the union
and perhaps through no fault OF
management, creates definite
handicap. This Nation either needs
a maximum output of steel to win
the war or it does not.
More than 10000 900 tons of steel
were poured at the enemy last year
There must be little psychological
comfort" for the enemy in this
amazing record. When our bomb
ers fly over Europe they drop steel
encased bombs and not psychology
When our ships roam the high seas
they are steel ships loaded with
steel-encased shells rather than
psychology. Our tanks, our long
range guns, our machine guns, our
rif1es-all are made of steel and not
psychology. And as your own files
show. these essential weapons OF
war have been turned out in world
shattering records.
In making reference to psychology
am referring particularly to the
term used by the unnamed high
Washington official in his recent
irresponsible attack on this organi-
zation
Hits "Vicious Conjecture"
am also sending a copy of this
telegram to Gen. George C. Mar
shall who is entitled to know the
situation in steel, on the eve of the
invasion of Europe. He ought to
know that the United Steelworkers
OF America in 1943 helped give our
Evening star., 1944-01-04
Text of Murroy's Wire
CIO President Notifies Marshall, Nelson
Cd Steel Furnaces Are Shut Down

armed forces more steel than they
could use and that we are prepared
to do the same in 1914. AS chief of
staff he must have true facts at his
f1ngertips rather than mere vicious
conjecture couched in terms o
psychology.
If the arsenal of democracy is SO
filled with steel that present operat-
ing figures will meet all of our war
needs, then I again urge you to see
that the excess capacity is immedi-
ately turned into essential civilian
goods. Can count on your help?
Following is listing of the idle
capacity:
Carnegie-Illino Steel Corp
Homestead Works has IS furnaces
idle with 24-hour capacity of 5000
tons. Farrell Works has three fur
naces idle with a 24-hour capacity
of 720 tons. Pencoyd Works is down
completely. It's eight furnaces have
monthly capacity of 10000 tons.
Republic Steel Corp.-Youngs-
town works has seven furnaces idle
with 24-hour capacity of 1,40C
tons. Massillon works has two
furnaces idle with 24-hour capacity
of 400 tons. Buffalo works has two
furnaces idle with 24-hour capac-
ity of 400 tons South Chicago
works has seven furnaces idle with q
24-hour capacity of 1890 tons.
Ofbnr DJ, vt< Ull>
Bethlehem Steel Co.-Los Angelo.
works has one furnace idle with 6
24-hour capacity of 400 tons. Sar
Francisco has one furnace idle with
a 24-hour capacity of 400 tons.
Judson Steel Co.-Berkeley work
is down completely. Its three fur
naces have capacity of 4,5O0 tons
National Tube Co.-Lorain work
has one open-hearth furance idl,
with 24-hour capacity of $50 tons
Empire Sheet &, Tin Plate Co.
Mansfield works has three furnace
idle with 24-hour capacity of go,
tons.
Kayser Seel Co.-Fontanna work
has two furnaces idle with a "a
hour capacity of 450 tons.
Andrews Steel Co.-Newport Work
has one furnace idle with 24-houl
capacity of 200 tons.
! Sharon Steel Co. - Lowellvills
Works has two furnaces idle with 6
24-hour capacity of 500 tons.
Allegheny Ludlum Steel Co.
Breckenridge Works has three open
hearth furnaces idle with a 24-hou
capacity of 600 tons The nine elec.
trio furnaces in this mill are operat.
ing at only 10 per cent of capacity.
John A. Roebling Sons Co.
Trenton Works has three furnace
idle with 24-hour capacity of "a,
tons.
In addition. there are the stee
casting foundries of United Engi
neering, New Castle. Pa: America,
Steel Foundry, Indiana Harbor. ant
General Steel Castings. Grant,,
City, ILL.,, none of which are operat
ing at capacity
Also an idle blast furnace each a
Lorain, Ohio; McKeesport, Pa, Ma
tional Tube Corp.
Also furnaces of Jessop Steel
washington, Pa: Allegheny-Lud
lum at Waterveliet, N. Y, and Con
nors Steel, Birmingham. Ala. ar,
operating far below the capacity o
their furnaces.
| PHILIP MURRAY.
President, United Steelworkers
of America.
Evening star., 1944-01-04
Polish Leaders Expected
To Confer in WASHINGTON
By the Associated Press.


LONDON, Jan. 4.-Stanislaw Mix
olajczyk, President Of the Polish gov
ernment in exile, and Premier Ia
deusz Romer are expected to leave
for Washington soon for confer
ences on Polish Russian questions,
heightened by the Red Army's cross
ing of the old Polish border.
Before they leave for talks with
President Roosevelt and Secretary
of State Hull, it is believed they may
confer with President Edouard
Benes of the Czechoslovak govern
ment In exile.
DR.. Benes recently returned from
Moscow, where a Czech Russian pact
was signed. leaving an opening for
Poland to join in bulwark of states
against the threat of any future
German drive to the east.
Evening star., 1944-01-04
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
Russia's lst Ukraine Army has
plunged across the old Polish from
tier-but in Moscow's view Poland
apparently still lies $50 miles be-
yond.
At this old border the Red Army
is 370 miles from Germany itself
and 780 miles west of Stalingrad
scene Of a great Nazi debacle In
January, 1943. Soviet offensives
then already under way farther
west, have since travelled more than
500 miles, toppling Kharkov, Kursk
and Kiev.
Red Army troops crossed the pre-
war Polish Russian frontier after
racing 10 miles beyond the town of
Olevsk.
But in September, 1899, by mill
tary and political partition of Po-
land with Germany, Russia pushed
her Polish frontier back in a jagged
line ranging generally from 100 to
2l0 miles farther west. The. Soviets
have indicated in various ways that
they consider this new territory as
Russian" and still to be liberated.
Called Defensive Step.
Much of the Polish territory taken
by Russia formerly had been Rus
sian under earlier partitions of Po-
land, but was incorporated into an
independent Poland after the
World War. Hitler's invasion of
Russia was sprung in June, 194l,
from the new border, carrying nearly
to Moscow. The Russians have pic
tured their own expansion into Po-
land as a defensive step in antici-
patton Of Nazi invasion.
In a straight line west, it is $50
miles from the old border near
Olevsk to the new 1889 boundary
running along the Bug River be-
tween Chelm, on the German side,
and Luboml. The crossing of the
former line capped a Russian power
drive carrying 140 miles west of
Kiev.
Southwest of Kiev other Soviet
columns are approaching the old
frontier near the Russian town of
INovograd Volynski. From that point
it is 120 miles west to the new 1889
Polish boundary line at Sokol
the Russians are within 80 miles
of the Dniester River, formerly the
boundary between Russia and Ru-
mania But Russia in 1910 estab-
lis!led a new frontier, compelling
Rumania to bow to an ultimatum
and cede Bessarabia between the
Dniester and Prut Rivers-a strip
varying from so to 100 miles wide
and Northern Bucovina. Moscow now
considers that her true border with
Evening star., 1944-01-04
Vacant Stores Increase
SO Per Cent in Fire

Vacant stores have increased Sc
per cent In Dublin and other Fire
cities because Of shortages of sup
plies due to wartime restrictions
Shoe repair shops are hard hit
while butcher shops have increased
Private house property Is Is per
cent more valuable and second hand
furniture has ready sale at en-.
hanced prices.
Evening star., 1944-01-04

or attendance at such a press con-
ference.
However, I was sure of my in
formation. telephoned my paper
then telegraphed the story, saying
that I had it on third-hand inform
alton only but was sure of my facts,
The story appeared on Saturday
and was picked up by the United
Press"
Demands Factual Policy.
For the Sunday st. Petersburg
Times Mr.. Poynter wrote an edi-
torial explaining the reasons fol
printing the story, declaring that
"the anonymous Government spokes.
man has no place in a democratic
information policy" and demanding
"a frank, factual war information
policy"
The editorial said:
Some one blundered when they
advised Gen. George Marshall to
hold a conference with a select
group of newspapermen and broad
casters and permit them to quote
him merely as informed Washing
ton circles He made the grave pre-
diction that the threat of strikes
and the necessity of taking over
the railroads by the Army would
cost thousands of American lives
and prolong the war in Europe by
many months.
Because Gen. Marshall is neithe,
pro nor anti labor, his words can dc
more to sober labor and manage
ment than those of any one in the
Government. But labor and man.
agement and the rest of the public
cannot put faith in anonymous quo.
tations. When the identity of 9
spokesman Is revealed belatedly, i,
adds to the confusion Of Information
which the people must have about
their war If they are to give it theil
II1nstintino SIlr,port -
Evening star., 1944-01-04
Weather Report

District of Columbia-Cloudy this
afternoon, clearing and slightly
colder with lowest temperature near
80 degrees tonight. Tomorrow fair
with moderate temperature, winds
diminishing tonight.
Virginia and Maryland-Clearing
and slightly colder with diminishing
winds tonight. Tomorrow fair with
moderate temperature.
River Report.
Potomac and Shenandoah Rivers
clear at Harpers Ferry. Potomac
very muddy at Great Falls.
Report for Last "a Hours
Evening star., 1944-01-04

AApA ApAAs Neo pNA
forming. b minor
surgical opera
ton on q mule s
foot.
A soldier stood
at the animals
head with one
of its eaIs be-
tween his teeth.
Every time 1t
got restiye from
the probes Of
Maj. ir t z S
lancet and start
ed to kick up,
the soldier could
nlliAt IL in O fau
Evening star., 1944-01-04
Pacific
Continued From First Page)


brought to 160 the total of enemy
planes downed there in 10 days,
against an Allied loss of Is.
The Australians moved northward
from recently captured Nuzen, on
the coast of the Huon Peninsula,
New Guinea, closing the approx
mately 70-mile gap between them
and the Americans at Saidor in a
move intended to destroy the Japa-
nese between the Allied forces.
American marines expanded their
invasion holdings at Cape Glou-
cester, on the northwestern tip of
New Britain, past the airdrome cap
tured December 30. Other marines
west Of the cape have penetrated
unopposed miles south to Sag Sag,
on Dampier Strait.
Evening star., 1944-01-04
Gestopo Chief in Poland
Is Reported Slain
By the Associated Press.

0y lHe ASSUCIdltU 1ItSs.
NEW YORK, Jan. "A BBC
broadcast to Europe yesterday said a
Gen. Berkelmann, Gestapo chief for
western Poland, had been slain by
four German officers and had not
died of illness as reported in Berlin
The broadcast, recorded by United
States Government monitors, said
Gen. Berkelmann instigated arrest
of Col Gen. Johannes Blaskowitz on
charges of plotting against Hitler
and that he had been killed by Gen.
Blaskowitz S subordinates in revenge
Evening star., 1944-01-04
Chino Spurs Trade

Free China is stimulating trade
by an agreement which binds each
of the seven northwestern pro-
vinces to exchange its surplus goods
for essential goods from the other
provinces.
Evening star., 1944-01-04
Fire Formers Lack Lioht

Ere Is short Of stearine, and
farmers in some districts are with
out candles, sole means Of illumina-
ton, greatly restricting early milk
ing and other farm tasks.
Evening star., 1944-01-04
New RuiIroud in Turkey

Turkey has started q 99-nile rail-
way to connect hve cities in the
southern part Of the country. :
Evening star., 1944-01-04
TronsvouI Gold Drops

For the first eight months of 1943
gold production in the Transvaal
averaged 1,072,623 ounces monthly.
compared with monthly average Of
1,194020 in 1912.
Evening star., 1944-01-04
Mule Hospital in Italy
Plays Big Role in
Supplying Troops
BY THOMAS r. HENRY,

FIFTH ARMY FRONT IN ITALY
(By Aerial CARRIER In an italian
barnyard Maj. John Wirtz of Okla
homa City, 45th Division veteri-
Evening star., 1944-01-04

Record for Last "a Hours.
rrom noon yesterday to noon todayD
Highest. A, 3:15 pm. Year ago 80.
Lowest, 81, 3 am. Year ago. 81
Record Temperatures This Year.
Hishest, A, on January 8.
Lowest, 25, on January 2.
Humidity for Last "a Hours.
From noon yesterday to noon todayD
Highest. 90 per cent, at $50 pm.
Lowest. SO per cent, at $50 am.
Tide Tables.
FURNISHED by United States Coast
Gpp
Evening star., 1944-01-04

them ,.