davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1944-06-18

Pennsylvania Refining Company
Quaker State Oil Refining Corp.
Riverside Terminal Co.
Shell Oil Co., Inc.
Sinclair Refining Company
Socony-Vacuum Oil Company
Incorporated
L. Sonneboen Sons, Ins.
Evening star., 1944-06-18
THE FOLLOWING COMPANIES:

Cities Service Oil Co.
Colonial Beacon Oil Company
Continental Oil Company
Crown Central Petroleum Corp
Economy Gasoline Corp.
Elk Refining Company
Ethyl Corporation
First National Oil Corporation
Evening star., 1944-06-18

Allegany Refners, Inc.
American Oil Company
Arkansas Fuel Oil Company
Ashland Oil & Refining Company
James B. Berry Sons Company,
Inc.
Bradford Penn Refining
Corporation
Evening star., 1944-06-18

The caA4sld Oh Company
The Psa,nsoil Company
rhs Pure Oil Company
The Tsxas Company
The Wavseiy Oil Works Company
Tide Watsr Associated Oil Company
United Refining Company
Viking Distzihuting Co.
Evening star., 1944-06-18
WeuseIs Won't Games

The Wesley Heights Junior Wea-
sells want ball games with other 13-
year-old clubs for Saturday after
moons and weekday mornings after
school is out Call Buddy Holman,
Emerson 5875.
Evening star., 1944-06-18

Southeastern Oil
Standard Oil Company
(Ksntucky)
Standard Oil Company oi
New Jersey
Standard Oil Company es
Pennsylvania
Sun Oil Company
1hs Atlantic RsAning Company
Evening star., 1944-06-18
JUST TO GIVE YOU AN IDEA!..

II takes 3 tons Of sas to "deIiver"
a 1.ton bomb!
Over half the total Of all supplies
shipped to the front is petroleum
in one form or onotherI
Oil for one fveIins Of a battIsship
would heof an average house
$50 ysarsI
Evening star., 1944-06-18

AVIATION GAS FACTS.

What it all adds up to is this. because
military need for gas has stepped UP
almost times since 1912 . less than
3/4 as much gas can be spared for the
home front as in 1912!
This ration must cover essential needs
first .. farms, trucks, buses, industry,
your doctors car and these are up
209o over what they were in 1912!
The shortage is real. Your help is vital.
Evening star., 1944-06-18
GASOLINE POWERS THE AT7ACK-D0N'T WASTE DROP!

.
Evening star., 1944-06-18
as you CAN HELP KILL
The BLACK MARKET

The black market does not MAKE gasoline.
1t STEALS Gas - currently some z,5OO, 600
gallons day-from the essential home front
supply left after military needs. 1t works
chiefly with counterfeit coupons, peddlsd by
the same gangs who deal in prostitution boot
leg liquor, dope, and other raeksts. Many
have been caught. More will BE- But without
customers, the black gas racket would die over.
night, making more gas available for regular
rationing. Don't take extra gas or eospons
from anyone!
Evening star., 1944-06-18
Charles Town Entries

Clear and Muddy.
FIRST RACE-Purse, 5000: claiming;
Blablah ~ 1I3 xBlue Norther 10S
Kes 1l3 Also eligible:
The Wilmington morning star., 1944-10-22
Training Casualties

recent news item tells Of one soldier being
killed and nine wounded by overhead machine
gun fire during training maneuver at Camp
Croft, S. C. The loss of soldier through &C
cident, before he has had a chance to strike
a blow at the enemy, always seems particular
ly poignant. But tragic as such accidents are,
the use of live ammunition and other realistic
devices in training has been justified by the
American combat record.
It is impossible to tell precisely what gun
or machine will do in battle until it has been
tried in battle But throughout the war every
item OF American equipment, from clothes to
bombers, has been put through the most strin-
gent possible tests before combat USE Lessons
learned in combat have been applised to later
tests. The result has been increasingly superior
performance and fewer costly failures. and it
has been large factor in the coming victory.
So the men who have lost their lives in dead
ly serious training here at hine are no less
heroes than the soldiers who have fallen in
battle Their contribution is not to be dis
counted.
The Wilmington morning star., 1944-10-22
Unsponsored Radio

As the singing commercial tightens its hold
and the commercial announcer becomes daily
more insistently hearty, there comes news of
possible relief in the future. A group Of hui
manitarians has proposed three frequency
incubation channels after the war which would
broadcast programs free from advertising.
Subscribing listeners would support the ven
ture at the fee Of nickel a day.
Now we don't object unduly to the radio COM
mercial except as we look into the future
But the vista there rather overwhelms u.s.
We foresee the singing commercial taking over
the entire field Of vocal music, with opera
ibrettos written to the glory of Sudsy-Suds
and the praises Of chewing gum or dog food
sung to the music of Schubert or Stephen
Foster We envision the announcer molding
the speech of new generation until CONVEX
sation becomes thing of frenetc defamation,
with pear shaped tones replacing the sooth-
Ing humble.
Maybe the nickel day would be cheap.
The Wilmington morning star., 1944-10-22

to east were to run from Hamburg to Konlgs-
berg, from Cologne to Frankfurt the Oder,
from Cologne to Breslau, from Karlsruhe to
Munich. These were mostly completed along
with other routes radiating from Berlin.
The entire program was acknowledged ia
be far in advance of Reich traffic needs Time
has shown that the first reason for it was
to provide high speed military roads facilitat-
ing rapid shifts of striking power to support
blitz invasions of neighbor countries. Reasons
stated by Nazi officials were: that it would
show the progressive character Of National
Socialist government to the world and attract
tourists from other countries; that, by en-.
coura cling mooring, it would stimulate Ger
many's automotive industries; that it would
give employment to a quarter-million unem-
ployed.
months of the war, highway building plans
were revised to include the invaded Balkans
and Low Countries. BY mid-1943 the Germans
were reported to have abandoned maintenance
of the superhighways inside the Reich and
even to have planned on how to mine them
50 that they would not prove boomerang, Of
great value to United Nations invaders.
Beside the spur end near Aachen superhigh-
WAYS are within early range of American
forces near Karlsruhe, where a main north
south route lies within seven miles OF Frances
northeast stern corner; westward near Saar
brucken, where a spur runs from the Lud-
wigshafen-Mannheim industrial center on The
Rhine: and at Vessel, northwest OF the Ruhr,
IS miles from Netherlands battlefields arouW
Anthem and Nijmegen.
The Wilmington morning star., 1944-10-22
Germany's Superhighways

Unless the Germa ans continue their program
q demolition, which they have practiced Sc
sedulously wherever they have been forced to
retreat, the Allied armies will find the finest
thoroughfares in Europe at their service when
they start their advance on Berlin after Aachen
10 cleaned up and when the Rhine has been
erossed.
Hitler had started a*systern Of superhigh-
ways crossing the Reich long before he started
this war, with $500 miles completed by 1899.
They are seventy eight feet concrete espla-
nades, double three-lane ribbons with fifteen
foot parkways between, and closely resemble
the famous Pittsburgh Harrisburg speedway in
Pennsylvania.
If still standing, the American army will
have its first opportunity to use them near
Aachsn From there to Cologne, forty miles
away and primary objective, one Of Hitler
finest superhighways stretches In practically
4 straight line.
Begun in 1888, the German motor roads pro-
gram was mads the responsibility Of the ma.
ton s railroad construction engineers Roads
were built only on new rights Of way through
open country, by-passing towns and cities at
4 comfortable distance. Grade crossings were
forbidden; over and underpasses averaged two
for each mile of construction. Curves were
made AZ gradual as on railroads. Foot, cycle
and horsedrawn traffic were barred Traffic
lights were unnecessary.
Six principal routes were to form a super
highway grid. Two were north south: Ham
burg to Basel in the west Stettin to Munich
ana Berehtesgaden In the east The four west
The Wilmington morning star., 1944-10-22

Progress in Romania's reWinnlng
of northern Pennsylvania - with
Russian aids marked by the fall
of Cluz, Transylvanian capital into
the hands of combined Romanian
and Russian forces. The northern
"A per cent of the provinces was
taken from Romania by the Nazis
in 1910 and turned over to Hun
gary. =
The lost. territory is a wedge of
forested mountain land valued for
it's minerals, manpower, timber,
and historic traditions, says the
National Geographic Society.
The transferred portion of Tran
sylvania includesH717,400 square
miles, the home of. more than two
and a half million people. 1t is
contained in mountainous TRAN
gle outlined roughly by a line
drawn from the hungarian border
south of Salonta to the center of
Romania at Brasov, then north
westward back to the frontier east
of Viseul-de-Sus.
The troubled status Of Transyl-
vania. torn between the two ad-
Joining nations, has been aggravat-
ed for centuries by the fact that
three nationalities live there, Ro-
manians, Hungarians, and German
speaking Saxons. The Hungarians
are most numerous near the cen
ter of Romania. Their ancestors
were induced to settle there some
800 years ago to defend the from
tier, when this region came under
the rule of medieval Hungary.
The capital and chief .ity of
Pennsylvania. Cluj (105,oO0 people) !.
and two of the four othe- largest
cities, Oradea and Satu-Mare, are
in the pie-slice of land. It's re-
sources are timber, minerals, in
dustries, orchards, vineyards, pas
ture lands, and grainfields. It was
the gold and silver mines of Tran
sylvania, rather than the currently
esteemed petroleum in southeast
e~n Romania, that lured the EN-
peror Trajan to conquer the land
and weld it into ancient Rome's
empire as the province Of Dacia.
The tall forests of Carpathian
mountainsides pine, oak, and
beech-have helped make Romaia
a timber exporter, with wood prod
ucts forming quarter of the coun-
etry's industrial output in times of
peace. The disputed we &c of
Pennsylvania contains three of Ro-
The Wilmington morning star., 1944-10-22
GERMAN U.B0ATS
OPERATING AGAIN
First Lord OF Admiralty
Discloses Presence
Along Atlantic Lanes

LONDON. Oct. 21.-REsome
German U-boats are. once more
operating along the Atlantic sea
lanes to Britain in resurgence
of submarine. warfare, First Lord
of the Admiralty A.. V. Alexander
disclosed today.
The British navy chief also de-
clared that British battlefield
capable of tackling the entire
Japanese navy had started toward
the Pacific, celebrating an earlier
announcement by Prime Munster
Churchill that "a large portion"
of such fleet already was gath
cred in the Indian ocean.
Alexander disclosed the new
submarine menace in reporting
arrival in Britain from North Am
erica of the largest convoy in
history, without loss. The convoy
was composed of 1877 ships, COW
cred an area of nearly 26 square
miles and carried more than one
million tons of food and war
equipment.
Only one Every cautious" u
boat was reported near the con-
voy and the admiralty does not
fear greatly any attempt by the
enemy to send submarines. in
strength back to underseas raids,
Alexander said. But he added
bluntly that, although 'super-op-
tinists'' had called the. war
against U-boats won, ''they were
wrong"
"These U-boats are perhaps
more shy, cautious and nervous
than were their predecessors
which fought out that earlier grim
and bloody battle of the Atlantic"
he said, "but the fact is that some
U-boats at least are back in the
old hunting grounds
One Nazi commentator speaking
Of the intensified U-boat war"
said over the Berlin radio today
that ''jubilations on the enemy
side' over the submarine warfare
situation are somewhat prema-
ture," that German U.boats "are
in constant contact with the enc
my" thine to come will show,
the correctness of measures TAX
en- by the German U-boat COM
mand," the enemy speaker said.
The Wilmington morning star., 1944-10-22
7ransyluania Is Rich
In Natural Resources

mania's five largest saWmills.
The map of Pennsylvania is light
ly peppered with place names that
include ocna, meaning salt mine.
These indicate generous deposits OF
salt crystals, almost SO per cent
pure sodium chloride, which could
supply, all of Europe's demands,
and part of Africa's.
Of the petroleum wealth, h a t
makes Romania Europe's chief oil
producing nation outside the U. S.
S. R., there is a small Transyl-
vanian trickle at Sacel in the north.
Satu-Mare, Tleagd. and Targul-Mu-
res have oil refineries. 80
Northern Pennsylvania has nat
ural gas fields from which pipes
bring newly developed industrial
centers. a constant supply of gas
with a methane content among the
worlds highest. from 81 to SO per
cent. There is a. cluster of gas
wells around Targul-Mures, which
is the site of gas. coking, and met
al works, in addition to it's refinery.
There are ten gold and silver
mines and eight. copper mines in
the Sonesul basin in the north.
Lead and antimony are among the
by-p-oducts of some gold mines.
Other minerals are coal in the
north, south and east. iron in the
north and bauxite. the ore of alum
mum, in the. western mountains.
Cement, standby of modern con-
struction, is made at Turda.
The Wilmington morning star., 1944-10-22
Reuiual Continues At
Advent Christian Church

The revival campaign at the
First Advent Christian church
will enter its second and last
week today when the visiting
evangelist, the Rev. Gordon O..
Reed, Of Lake City,. Fla, delivers
the closing sermons at the II a.
m. services.
The pastor, the Rev. James R.
Lee, said that challenge after
challenge had been sounded by
the Rev. Reed, and that the re-
Spouse had been greatly hearten-
ing
The subjects chosen by Rev
Me. Reed for today are: 'Is This
a New Testament Church, and
The Nails That Held Jesus"
The public is cordially invited
to attend.
The Wilmington morning star., 1944-10-22
With The AEF
Short-Order Baker Man

James Brown of Georgetown, Tex;
Sgt. George Florence of Fla l.
mouth, KY, and three Pies, Vic
tory Fields of Limona, Fla, Lee
Jones of Lone Oak, Tex, and Les
ter Gillespie of Yates Center, Kas.,
was sent on mission to clean out
small French house up ahead.
They didn't find any Germans,
but what they Gid find was a
Frenchwoman who had gift ready
for the liberators whenever they
arrived. Following their noses, they
located it-a crisp, delicious deep
dish apple pie.
After they ate that one, she gave
them two others to take back to
their buddies. But they remember
ed they had been assigned to clean
out the house themselves and de.
cided to take the order literally,
This doesn't exactly concern fooo
and it doesn't have happy end
ing. But the story that 1t. Arnolo
Ko- Gilman of the Bronx, N. Y,
! tells about his ieep driver, Pvt
Elmer Late of Peoria, Ill, is: in
directly connected with the subject
| It seems that these two infantry
men were driving down. a roac
when a group Of hidden German:
opened fire on them, forcing them
to hit the dirt and abandon the
jeep temporarily Later they go
the jeep back, but that didn't salts
fly Private Late.
Hes mad at the whole Ger
man Army" Krochman S d
when he hit the dirt he lost hi.
false teeth"
The Wilmington morning star., 1944-10-22
BY KENNETH L. DIXON

WITH THE A.E.F. IN FRANCE,
Oct. 15-Delayed)-lRE Since 80
per cent of doughboy conversation
concerns either ,femininity or food
and since even the Army's harden
ed censors would not pass their
comments on the former subject,
it looks like there is nothing else
to do but listen TO the never-ending
chop chatter:
Mess Sgt. John E. Gaudin of
Hennessey, Okla, sat before an
old fashioned bakery in holly
contested French village and count
ed the minutes until the bread he
was baking for his company would
be done.
In came his helper, Pvt. Ralph
Thompson of Anadarko, Okla, who
reported, 1.-THE command post says
hundred Jerries have broken
through and are coming this way"
Gaudin looked inside the oven.
'Ten more. n1irutes, he said
placidly, land the bread will be
done. If nothing happens by then,
we will bake pie crusts. That will
take only a few minutes and then
we can beat it..
Pretty soon came burst OF
German guns outside, but Gaudin's
battery hadn't had fresh bread
since it hit France, so the two men
stayed. Eventually they escaped
with so loaves of fresh bread and
eight pie crusts just before the
Germans arrived.
The Wilmington morning star., 1944-10-22
New Nurses Aide Course

Wilmingtons Red Cross chapter, which has
filled SO many inches in the war program
as it affected this area and done its part
for the national program so well that.it has
received high commentator + r 0 m national
headquarters, Is to start another Nurses Aide
class at James Walkec Memorial hospital on
October. 30 Many volunteers are needed and
an earnest appeal for their registration is Is
sued-an appeal which the Star-News supports
intellectually. =.
While the training involves some sacrifice,
its benefits far exceed any surrender Of per
sonal freedom the student makes. The train
ing is OF inestimable value, particularly to
young women who gain experience in detect
ing disease and knowledge Of its treatment,
coupled with ability to meet emergencies in
the household, that will give them great ad-
vantage in after life.
The need is for young women with daytime
leisure so that morning hours at the hospital
MAY be more fully projected than has been
possible In the past. The new class will be
morning one. Miss Augusta Fuchs, nurse
aide instructor, urges young women who. are
not working to join the class, which will start
at $50 O clock one week from tomorrow morn
ing. -
The Red Cross chapter has been eminently
successful In its nurses aide courses. Since
the first class was started 1871 aides have
been trained During September forty two
served at James Walker. The total number
Of. service hours given by aides is s1sS..
The large majority OF young women giving
their time to this work has been working girls.
They are on their jobs all day and turn nurse
in the late afternoon. and evening and satur
day afternoons and Sundays They. have maze
. real sacrifice for suffering humanity in the
war emergency. Now the call is for other
girls who are not employed and are willing
to give up their personal engagements during
the morning. l~ - ~
The Wilmington morning star., 1944-10-22

'It was the smell of that bread
that worried me- Gaudin admitted
later, because knew that if the
krauts ever got Whit of it they
would storm the bakery the first
thing"
Less dramatic hut more difficult
to believe is the story of Cpl. Fur
man Davis of Center, Texas, an
infantryman of the 45th division,
who was sitting ain little French
cafe when a hen hoped on his
table.
"She winked at me- Davis
inists, 'just as if to say stick
around and she would lay an egg
for me-
In any case, his two sidekicks,
Sgt. S. B. Williams of NARROW,
Okla, and First Sgt. Frank Smith
of Taslequah, Okla, says Davis in
sisted on getting out the frying
pan and grease.
And, by gosh" Williams con-
Guided the story, when that hen
laid an egg right on that table
20 minutes later, he. just nodded
End picked it up and fried it,
Fdiends are trying to get the
Legion of Merit or some other
decoration for Pfc Rocco Grazianc
of Brooklyn, N. Y, VINO took a
bunch of Grafton biscuits, crumb-
led them in water and nodded
them in a flat dish and came forth
with an edible piec-ust. Cpl. Cyri
:. Puhala of Braddock, Penn, Roc.
co.'s buddy, said it tasted good
adding. we still don't believe it,
A patrol including staff Sgt
The Wilmington morning star., 1944-10-22
Open Cities

Louis P Lochner, formerly Associated Press
correspondent In Berlin, raises the question
whether Hitler, seeing Cor hearing) what has
happened at Aachen, will declare other cities
of the Reich ''open' to save them from the
destruction that Allied fire power is capable
of achieving, if necessary.
He lists Cologne, Coblenz, Mainz, Duisburg
and Dusseldorf as due to be destroyed, as
Aachen has been, if the Fuehrer fails to de-
clare them open cities and 'rescinds his tragic
order to flight it OUT to the last man.
As Mr.. Lochner's observations are based on
personal experience they well merit quoting:
These cities, as far as I could ascertain
before I left Germany in May, 1912, are not
fortified in the sense in which Aachen was
veritable citadel. The Wanted Atlantik-wall
was intended to be Nazidom's first line OF de-
ond. Both were considered impregnable. 1t
was a rude shock to the German people to
see the Atlantik-wall pierced so rapidly. They
have had little more time to accustom them
selves to the fact that even the Siegfried line
is outmoded in view Of the stupendous devel-
opment of Allied fire-power.
1T is at least doubtful whether Hitler and
his general staff have prepared really effec-
lively beyond these two Notifications systems.
When I last visited Cologne, Coblenz, Mainz,
Duisburg and Dusseldorf, the only visible de-
lenses were the garrisons and numerous anti
aircraft positions. There were none of those
pill boxes, dug-outs, ''panzerwerke, or major
fcrtresses such as we saw on the Rhine from
Karlsruhe to Switzerland.
Along the upper Rhine, the Maginot and
Siegfried lines were opposite each other From
Lauterburg on, the Rhine becomes a purely
line of defense along the Rhine. Going by what
saw in 1941 I doubt whether. formidable
system has been constructed on the right bank
in the region beginning roughly, at Mainz ano
extending to Vessel or Cleve. Besides, that
would not help Mainz, Coblenz, Bonn, or Co.
logne all OF which are on the left bank.
The Rhine itself, broad and majestic ir
it's middle section, is, OF course. a hindrance
all probability be blasted by the retreatina
Nazis.
But we are no longer in the row-boat age
This is mechanical warfare Our amphibious
operations have been marvels of modern sci
ence. General Eisenhower h undoubtedly
taken the destruction of the bridges for grant
.ed-which does not mean, however, that hi
is leaving out of account the possibility O.
anticipating the Germans with parachute
troops charged with saving this or that bridge
as in Holland.
1.-THE destruction of the Rhine bridges viii
slow up progress, but it should be only tenn
porary. Meanwhile, on the left bank a sham
bles will be made of whatever city declines
to surrender. And artillery planted on thu
smoking ruins of these centers of thousand
year history will finish off at Duisburg, Dus
seldorf, Wesel, and Mainz what the air ar
madas of the United Nations have failed tt
reduce to. rubble.'
The Wilmington morning star., 1944-10-22
Congressional Support -,
Is Asked For run
By ERNEST B. VACCaNDg

BUTTE, Mont, Oct. e. m
Asking congressional supp o,- p3r
President Roosevelt, selsIo .,r,.:
ry S. Truman told de'n DEM. al.
meeting here today, eve can al. Me-,
a chance on a congress o. -
and Tafts." =, scn
He added that many VI ,reitars
are not interested in the snt IN
of their country as a whole, ,oratc
their own ends" The dsfll0, ,noss
vice-presidential candidats ate, VIII
at a luncheon before leaVinsd nh.
Senator James E. Murray Sa .onosr
ers for a look at near0y VIZ
mines. -, eneciJ
He planned to board MS s.. sp s-oy,
car at $50 pm. CMWI W. aos-
tomorrow at Mobridge anu 1,nas3.
deem, S. Oak, enroute 10 arrt
polls where he expects 10
late tomorrow aight.
The Wilmington morning star., 1944-10-22
The Road To Berlin

By THE ASSOCIATED PRESS
1--Western Front: so2 Miles (From West
OF Duren).
2--Russian Front: $40 Miles (from war
saw.
3Itaian Front: 55S Miles From South
OF Bologna.