davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1944-09-07
New Deal Economics
By Raym ond MoIey

While Chester Bowles tells Us that
we must retain his mammoth Price Con-
troll once for two years after the war,
Mayor La Guardia tells us that We
should destroy such surplus materials as
workers. Thus the New Deal adminis-
tration, in which Mr.. Bowles is an ofi-
cial, and of which Mr.. La Guardia is en
ardent supporter, stands at the opposite
poles Of economic prediction. Mr..
Bowles is afraid Of imitation, Mr.. La
Guardia Of deflation.
-
Mr.. La Guardta foresees In surplus
something very real, which is pile Of
stun made for the Army, but imme-
diately usable by civilians. This sur.
plus has been estimated to be worth
SIS, ,000, 900 900. It includes about two
stuffs, and four billions In shoes, tex
tiles, clothing and blankets. This Is
more than the value Of all such goods
In al the wholesale warehouses In the
country. 1t Is . complete protection
against the sort Of imitation for which
Mr.. Bowles would retain his 10000 enn-
ployes. Instead Of destroying this stud, J,
a. Mr.. La Guardia suggests. why should
Ne not use It to control the imitation
that Mr.. Bowles fears9
Even II We destroyed 1t. % Mr.. Ia
GuArdia suggests, We could not help en-
ployment much. For all this stun rep
resents only little more than two
months American war production. What
would Mr.. Ia Guardia suggest - Z
cure for Unemployment after the de-
stroyed goods have been replaced?
Surely, he would not follow Hitler's Sug.
gestion Of tearing down citiss and re-
building them.
At this point, We introduce another
New Dealer. u. Alvin HAnsen. IN the
Evening star., 1944-09-07
Army Discharge PIon

Inc Army has worked out plan
for the rehabilitation Of surplus"
soldiers during the interval between
the defeat OF Germany and the Anal
victory over Japan which is simple,
fair and properly safeguarded. Even
more important, it is the plan ap-
proved by 80 per cent of the soldiers
themselves.
Care has been taken to avoid
raising false hopes of extensive and
early discharges from the service.
The War Department announcement
emphasizes that "in all cases the
demands of military necessity and
the needs Of the war against Japan
must first be met. Certain
types of personnel can never become
surplus as long as the war against
Japan continues"
For those who can be declared
surplus and released, a priority
system based on four considerations
has been worked out. First is the
service credit, based on the number
OF months served in the Army. Ad-
ditional credit will be given for the
number of months served overseas,
a mans combat record, and, finally,
the individuals parenthood status
whether he is father and how
many children he has-will be taken
into account. Point values have
been assigned to each of these
factors, and they will be announced
when the war in Europe ends.
1t is hard to see how a better
system of wartime rehabilitation
could have been devised. Every
soldier and every relative will un-
derstand it, and no question of
discrimination or favoritism can
arise. The Army has calculated
exactly how many men will be
needed to finish the Job against
Japan, and it has given formal as
surance that no soldier will be kept
in the military service who is not
needed, just as no soldier will be
released who is needed.
In other words, the stage has been
set, and set well, for partial de-
mobilization. But there should be
final word against hopes that may
be too high and expectations that
may be unreasonable. The Army
puts it this way: 1T must be borne
IN mind always that the war will
not be won, nor the peace enjoyed,
until Japan has been completely
crushed"
Evening star., 1944-09-07
Bishop Cannon

Bishop James Cannon, junior, was
polemicist of great ability. He
made use OF words to particular
purpose. The controversies in which
he engaged were spectacles Of vast
attraction. People frankly enjoyed
them, and they will be remembered
In the history of the times when he
was a conspicuous figure in national
affairs. He represented, in his con-
tentions, large fraction of the
public. There was moment when
he could argue that he spoke for a
majority of Americans. Prohibition
was the law of the land, and his
insistence that the generality of
citizens wished it effectively enforced
had merit. What stirred his critics
especially was their belief that
Bishop Cannon mixed" religion
with politics, his ideas of morality
with the business of government.
For at one period his political power
gave him a unique position of influ-
ence. Had he been less Jealous, less
earnest, less determined and less
efficient in his chosen work, he would
have been lost in the crowd of his
ministerial contemporaries. It was
largely due to his skill and his un-
failing enthusiasm that he was so
bitterly assailed by those who
differed with his methods If not with
his objectives.
Meanwhile, much of his following
escaped him. Hundreds of thou
sands OF men and women who for
merly had encouraged Bishop Can
non gradually came to believe that
the eighteenth amendment was in
feasible Of enforcement. The move
ment for repeal finally succeeded.
1t thus developed that the theoret-,
ical triumph which Bishop Cannon
had won in the election OF 1928
became in truth his most conclusive
defeat. The power that he had
welded during "the dry decade"
disappeared. He continued to talk
and to write, but the SHOW" was
over and the audience had gone
away to watch other stars"
Bishop Cannon, however, did not
think Of himself as a failure, On the
contrary, he was happy in the con-
viction that he accomplished many
of the things that he set out to do.
Some Of his erstwhile foes let him
know that they had ceased to bear
Evening star., 1944-09-07
German Defensive Zone
By Mai. Georee Fieidins Eliot

line Of the Moselle itself to the fortress
OF Epinal. where the outpost position
would perhaps merge with the main line
OF resistance down to Belfort.
The weakest parts of these positions
are Cd the sector between the Dutch
inundations and Liege-Aachen- Cologne,
(2 the Belfort Gap.
The first Is weak because 1t Is here
that the Allies can bring the heaviest
power to bear against the German
front, because this part of the front
is closest to the Allied air bases in Eng
land, and because the natural defenses
are entirely dependent on river lines,
the country otherwise being quite open
and suitable for armored troops"
Stratesically this sector Is Of especial
importance because penetration across
the Rhine on this front would drive
right into the heart Of Germany and
render futile the defense of the rest Of
the front.
The second sector, the Belfort Gap
Is weak because 1t Is open to attack
from two directions-up the Rhone and
Saone valleys from the south, and
straight across France from the east.
The plateau de Langres, its natural
shield on the eastward, cannot be held
because It can be outfianked, and in
fact is now In course Of being out
ianked by the Allied advance from the
south, which has reached Chalons sur
6aone and Is threatening Dion and
Besandok Junction between the Amer
lean 3rd and 7th Armies is already
reported in front dispatches. The Bel
fort Gap position Is almost wholly de-
pendent on German ability to hold the
fortress Of Belfort, and II that position
falls to the Allies they will be able to
penetrate to the upper Rhine valley and
advance northward along broad open
natural highway, astride the river
Rhine, through Strasbourg and Mann
helm right up to Mayence and Frank
fort-am-Main-providing they are In
sufncient strength to do 50.
~ ~
This latter point brings us back to the
ever-present question Of supply. It
large seaport in France which We pos
sess and which is In fairly serviceable
condition In Narseille. A Rhine cam
paign supplied from Marseille up the
Rhone-Saone valleys Is military con-
ception which few observers would have
regarded as within the realm of prob
ability few weeks ago. But 1t is be-
coming more probable with every yard
the Allies advance northward, and the
Germans appear nervous about 1t.
Their communique Of Wednesday
morning notes that their troops from
southern and southwestern France"
have reached the plateau De LAngres
and the vicinity Of Dion; it is possible
that these forces are intended for some
local counterattack to attempt to check
the Allied progress, more likely that
they intend to try to break through to
the eastward and take up positions In
defense of the Belfort Gap, which must
by this time be assuming very large pro-
portions in the minds Of the terrified
Nad leaders in Berlin.
tcopyrisht. 1914. New York Tribune. Inc.l
Evening star., 1944-09-07

In yesterdays article we examined
the German manpower problem. In Its
relation to the defense of the western
frontier of Germany. It was empha-
sized that no natural or artificial de-
fenses are much use without sufncient
good troops to hold them. But II we
assume, for the purposes Of this discus
sion, that the Germans can somehow
find enough troops to make at least one
stand In the west on what lines will
they make It?
They will. Of course, try to defend a
deep defensive zone rather than q sing.e
line. Such q zone usually consists OF
main line Of resistance, with various cut
post positions in front Of It, It makes
use Of natural obstacles such rs rivers,
but it Is not wholly dependent on them.
1t seeks to break up and canalize the
attack, and thus prepare the way Tor
successful counterattacks in predeter-
mined localities. under conditions IA
vorable to the defenders.
Examining the western approaches to
Germany, we may divide the German
defensive zone into three sectors:
"a From the sea to Lege. closing the
most favorable avenue Of Allied advance
throlsh The north Belgian plain.
CD From Liege to Thionville, guarding
the approach through the wooded coun-
try of the Ardennes and by the MoselIe
Valley. ~
49, From Thjonville to the Swiss FROM
tier, with especial attention TO the Bel
fort Gap between the Vosges Mountains
and the Alps. which gives access to the
valley Of the upper Rhine.
The German main line Of resistance
might begin, in Holland. with an inun-
dated area which would give Q secure
anchor to the German right flank. This
inundated area might include the
mouths OF the great rivers (the Scheldt,
the Mas and the WaaD or 1t might
run from the southern shore Of the
zuyder Zee to the rivers, possibly in the
neighborhood of Utrecht, possibly along
the former Dutch defensive waterline
through Zwolle and Deventer. The lat
ter would be a shorter line, q major
consideration for the Germans just now;
but 1t would have the disadvantage of
abandoning the major seaports Of the
Netherlands which could then be used
by the Allies as supply bases.
From the inundated area, the Ger
man main line Of resistance would prob
ably follow the Rhine down to the con-
fiuence Of the Moselle at Koblenz,
thence the Moselle to the vicinity OF
Treves, thence the deep fortified zone
of the Siegfried Line along the old
French frontier through the Saar re-
gion to the Rhine again near Karls-
ruhe and southwark, the line Of the
Vosges Mountains in front Of the Rhine
to the fortress of Belfort.
As . covering position, the Germans
might seek to bold the fortified line Of
the Albert Canal from the vicinity Of
Antwerp via Hasselt to the Meuse near
Maastricht; thence the Meuse to Liege:
then fortified defensive zone through
the Ardennes to the Moselle In the
vicinity Of Thionville, and thence the
Evening star., 1944-09-07
Ship Of Rock

Loftjey than dream the snoD-dyaped
Hanks OF ntountstx soar
Into the tremendous dome Of Moontide
light:
Spread ltks great ssas TIE crsstsd sIcpes
ascend
AboUs this shjp Of nsogntaiS IN sharp.
6assliwS ichits.
Ross morning. blimdimg noon sSd soft
esh.pJolet 6wsk.:
uNco9Hts6 hours tpesh a. UgSSs Glen4
the nsogStsi1s keel:
~ coGStlsss suands ipo3l6 icash NE s14lf
OF sBoiDy peaks
Above blind hslnsssssn ct TIE sdsSsAss
ttHs spheel.
Eos this. the shtp thst covysea .cieG1s
end cycle6 ssSs,
u sSchorsd to The sscsu ef serth beyo16
~ SGls;
Thjs, TIE xHnsostn0 vsssa cf the MogM.
tGiN Ssoore6 % ttSss,
And Il = ~. tes tsmeersl voeGeers. Dke
yRDURfcE xDRloxT.
Evening star., 1944-09-07

in the east, plus our lirnitless fleets
Of bombers and tighter planes the
Nazis should be desperately hard put
to make the Battle Of the Reich I
protracted one. In France and the
Low Countries alone they have SUI
fered casualties In the neighborhood
sof o,00os losses 80 severe that their
military commentators do not seem
to be exaggerating when they say
that Germany's fate now depends
largely upon the "triarii" i"-troops Of
the third line, the last reserve, a
weak reed at best. Il Is difilcult to
see how Hitler can hold out much
longer.
Evening star., 1944-09-07
The Political Mill
~ g sslI Liscois

b the subject Of discussion across the
country. President Roosevelt has an
ncunced he win make political"
speech 10 the teamsters' union, which
will hold = meeting Ia Warrington Sep
tember n to listen to him.
Dewey1 campaign tour, which starts
In Philadelphia. vim carry him across
the continent and back. He u due back
in Albany September -. BY that 6me
he will have discussed most Of the prin-
cipal issues Of the campaign, II not all.
The part President Roosevelt win play
In the campaign b still to be announced.
II the Republican candidate is able to
force the fighting and makes good
impression, he may compel the Presi-
dent to change his earlier decision not
to campaign In the usual partisan
political" fashion.
Throughout the campaign, the war
situation and the progress Of hostilities
will occupy the attention Of the Nation.
War In the European area has reached
q tremendous speed-and In the Pacific
Allied forces are well ahead Of their
'time table" A collapse Of Germany In
the next month would Be bound to have
its repercussions on the political cam
paign In this country. Such . collapse
may enhance Mr.. Roosevelt's chances
or lessen them-you can figure It either
way. Certainly 1t would have the effect
Of high lighting the peace and domestic
issues, not the least Of which Is the re-
tention In ONCE Of one man for 10 years.
Reports from all parts Of the country
are to the effect that many persons, In
all walks OF life, are demanding q
Change" Added to these reports are
the stories of discomfort with the myriad
Federal regulations now imposed on the
voters-many Of them not directly At
tributable to the war effort. Farmers
and small business men and women
particularly are up in arms.
In IL years Of Government control
the present administration has made
mistakes and many enemies. As in all
elections-particularly where there is q
chance Of an overturn of control-the
against" vote will be material. The
American people do not throw a party
out Of Federal Government control
unless 1t has come to the conclusion II
does not want to continue 1t In power
Evening star., 1944-09-07
The Bottle of Germony

Following last Sundays reconnais-
sance probings on German soil into
the outer works Of the siegfried Line,
the American Third Army has begun
the Battle OF the Reich. Having out
run its supplies in one of the
swiftest advances in the history of
war, it has been more or less station
ary for the past several days-a
pause which has helped the Nazis
to restore order in their shattered
ranks and dig in in an effort to
hold their lines as they did before
the break-through in Normandy.
The lull, however, appears to be
definitely over, with reports indi-
eating that supplies have once more
caught up with General Patton's re-
grouped and reorganized forces. The
renewed fighting in its initial stages
may prove to be as bitter as any
since the first landings in France,
but the overall picture strongly
suggests that 1t will not be long
before the battle moves into Ger
many itself and again becomes one
Of slashing movement on q giant
scale, with only one end possible
the complete collapse Of the enemy.
To the Third Army goes the honor
of beginning this battle, but at least
four other Allied arnies-wholly
apart from the mighty Russian
armies in the east-are also moving
In for the kill. For north of the
Third Army, in Holland and Bel
GUM, are the British Second Army
and the American First Army, while
to the west and south, respectively,
there are the Canadian First Army
in the Pas-de-C Calais area and
General Patch's French-American
Seventh Army driving In the direc-
ton OF the Belfort Gap. Moreover,
there is General Brereton's air-horne
army, a sort Of mystery force which
may conceivably descend upon Ger
many ut any moment, deep behind
the Siegfried Line.
Against such power-these great
armies In the west and The Russians
Evening star., 1944-09-07
Personnel Proorum

That President Roosevelt and other
responsible officials are mindful Of
the problem to be met when the
ending Of the war brings the In
evitable reduction In the huge civil.
ian force Of the Government, Is
evident from the views expressed to
the Denver convention OF the
National Federation Of Federal
Employees.
The point well made in message
from the President, and in speeches
by his personnel assistant, william
H. McReynolds, and Civil Service
Commissioner Arthur s. Flemming
was, IN substance, that the. program
adopted must have due regard for
ef11cient functioning of the Govern
ment. and for the welfare OF the
hundreds Of thousands Of war work.
ers involved. The Civil Service Com
mission already has made a good
start by prescribing the procedure
to be followed by agencies in sep
arating personnel. In the end,
however, Congress will decide
just how speedily these reductions
must be effected, and in doing this,
careful planning is called for.
Otherwise, conditions will parallel
those of the economy era OF the
New Deal, when a horizontal cut of
Is per cent in appropriations brought
chaos in old-line establishments.
Mr.. McReynolds and Commissioner
Flemrning also stressed the desir-
ability of unemployment compensa-
tion for dismissed Government en-
ployes. Congress no doubt will make
provision for industrial employees
who are displaced as the country
goes to peace economy, and If
payments are justified for this class
who have had the advantage OF
high war wages, certainly the lower
paid groups in the Government are
entitled to equal consideration.
Evening star., 1944-09-07
Letters to The Star
Afirms the Presidents Power
to- Negotiate Psace
~ The Editor q Ths ssar:

10 The Editor ef Ths ssas;
The Senate. not having any constitu-
tionAl right to demand information Of
the President as to the planning Of !
postwar treaty. what constitutional
right has the press to do so2 The senate
has to wait until treaty has been pre-
sented to 1t for its ratification (advice
and consent).
The words advice and consent OF the
Senate" are used in the Constitution
with reference to the Senate's participa-
ton In the making Of . treaty and are
well translated by the word "ratifica-
tion." popularity used in this connection.
The President negotiates . treaty to
begin with. He may employ such
agencies ~ he chooses to negotiate the
proposed treaty. He may employ m
Ambassador. II there be one, or 4 Min
lister or Charge d'Anaires, or he may
use person in private life who, ne
thinks, by his skill or knowledge Is best
fitted to negotiate the treaty.
He may issue to the agent chosen by
him-and neither Congress nor the
Senate has any concern as to whom
he chooses-such instructions as to him
seem wise. He may vary them from
day to day. That Is his concern. The
Senate has no right to demand that he
shall unfold to the world or to 1t. even
In executive session, his instructions or
the prospect or progress Of the negotia-
ton. say, right. I use the word
advisedly In order to illustrate what all
men who have studied the subject are
willing to concede-that under the Con-
stitution the absolute power of negotia-
ton Is In the President and the means
of negotiation subject wholly to his viii
and his judgment.
When he shall have negotiated and
sent his proposed treaty to the Senate,
the Jurisdiction of the Senate attaches
and its power begins.
The President is 50 supreme under
the Constitution In the matter Of
treaties. excluding only the senate's
ratification, that he may negotiate =
treaty, he may send 1t to the Senate,
1t may receive by way Of advice and
consent" the unanimous judgment Of
the Senate that 1t is in the highest de-
gree for public interest, and yet he, the
President, is as free, when 1t IL sent
back to the White House with q resolu-
ton Of ratification attached, to put it
in his desk, never again to see the light
Of day. as he was free to determine in
the first instance whether he would or
would not negotiate it.
The Senate has no possible right to
break suddenly into the middle of q
negotiation and demand from the Presi-
dent what instructions he has given to
his representatives. That part OF treaty
making is no concern Of the Senate.
Is this right? If so, what right has
the press to demand information or
request information that the United
States Senate is not entitled to even
In executive session?
Our President. and his Secretary OF
State, both great men. 30 recognized by
the world, have been most kind and
courteous to the people of our country
and very kind to the press, 90 per cent
Of which Is controlled by Big Business
Let Dumbarton Oaks hold its peace.
HARRY M. MARTIN.
Evening star., 1944-09-07

Two months from today voters win
20 to the polls 10 elect 3 President and
. lot Of other oflcials. The peesidm-
tial race echpses al others. New Deal
Democrats are gambling desperately On
the personal popularity Of Mr.. Roose-
welt to win for them. Republicans, On
the other hand, are relying on Gov.
Tom Dewey, who has demonstrated In
thd past his vote-getting strength, not
only tn New York but also In primary
elections In other States.
Labor Day, which signals the opening
Of most political campaigns In this
country. is In the past. Gov. Dewey
today is In Philadelphia, where he win
deliver his first campaign address since
he accepted the Republican nomination
in Chicago. Preliminary work has al
ready been done by both sides. From
today on, the tempo Of the race win Ia.
crease.
The recent acceptance speech Of the
Democratic vice presidential candidate,
Senator Truman OF Missouri, indicated
clearly the line which his party will seek
to follow In the campaign-stresstng
the international issue6-War and peace.
Republicans, for their part. are intent
OAA AOaCsu8 tAlC uOkNC0tAC 4Ocuc8 NO tll0
front.
Gov. Dewey In his Chicago acceptance
speech sought to take the war issue out
Of the campaign, declaring that II he Is
elected, the war will be prosecuted Just
- vigorously, or more 50, and that he
win leave its conduct to the generals
and the admirals who have already
demonstrated their ability. Since then.
he and other Republican leaders have
endeavored to take the peace issue out
OF the campaign, by lining up for the
great objectives-an international or
ganization for the preservation OF peace
and world court to handle disputes
between nations.
Senator Truman appealed to the vot-
ers to retain tried" leadership ut the
helm, both for war and for peace. Gov.
Dewey has labeled this leadership
tired" Voters on November will
decide the issue.
From today on, Gov. Dewey and his
own personal campaign will be on trial.
What he says and how he says 1t win