davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1944-01-18
Raymond Moley

those who foolishly promise that the
bounty OF Federal works projects will
sunce are deludinK themselves. Ger
tainly, they are not deluding the people
out here. One of the most striking
features OF the thinking of those who
are planning out here is their great
skeptlclsm about the visions Of Wash
lngton planners for full employment
on Federal money.
For the first time In many years an
amazing conservatism pervades the
coast. States are fairly well fixed with
supluses, and cities are better OF than
tney have been for a long time. The
main idea here now is to start local
works that are essential first. Sewers
before parks and street lamps before
monuments.
There is lot the whole country can
learn from the common sense OF these
plans. The chief lesson is that postwar
Unemployment is not big overall ma
tional problem defined in terms Of gross
millions Of unemployed. 1t is a matter
OF individual community planning for
the things that the community can
aHord, and OF articulating this, as we'll
as possible, with improvements by pri-
vate enterprises, such as railroads. to
avoid, except as a last resort, a begging
line OF Mayors, Governors and cham
oers OF commerce officials at some
washington money-spending bureau.
1hese States want to solve their own
problems in their own wav.
'Reieased by the Associated Nev.pap,r,)
Evening star., 1944-01-18
Samuel Grafton

The thing is. the Treasury will never
tell us what it wants. 1t doesn't give
US enough guidance How are we to
know what do when the Treasury won't
tell US? What? The Treasury wants
10 billions in new taxes? Say, we don't
have to listen to those fellows. We can
hire our own tax experts
Have a nut, friend? The thing Is,
he doesn't pay enough attention to the
home front. And another thing, he
tries to control everything on the home
front with these darn bureaucrats.
That's why the production thing is so
mixed up. Then he goes over to
Europe, and plans big land offensive,
when everybody knows we're producing
enough planes to win from the air. l
hope I make myself clear, friend; the
nuts are in that box
X
Anyway the soldiers will take care
OF him when they get to vote. II we
let them all vote, he'll control their
votes, get 1t? So have a nut.
After all the big thing is not to
change this country while the soldiers
are away. We want them to find It
just the way they left 1t when thew
come back. II we can only repeal some
OF these social welfare laws that were
passed in 1885. that ought to do 1t.
These nuts make mighty good chewing,
don't they?
Evening star., 1944-01-18
Review Grunted

Inc decision OF the supreme Court
to review the so-called society
burglar" case means that the judges
will have an opportunity to clarity
their earlier ruling in the McNabb
case, which, as interpreted and ap-
piled in the lower courts, has enabled
dangerous criminals to escape prose-
cution without adding substantially
to legitimate safeguards of the rights
Of accused persons.
In the McNabb case it was held
that delay-presumably for an un-
reasonable period-in the arraign-
ment of accused persons precluded
the use Of confessions against them.
This was on the theory that delay
amounts to duress, although the
confessions, in fact, might be en-
tirely voluntary. Unfortunately, the
court did not lay down any stand
ards for determining what consti-
tutes an unreasonable delay, and
since one of the McNabb defendants
had been in custody for only about
five hours prior to making his con-
fession, the tendency in the lower
courts has been to insist on imme-
diate arraignment in a literal sense.
This has worked particular hard
ship in the District, for the local
code requires that persons be ar
raigned Immediately and without
delay" If that language is to be
given a strict and literal applica-
ton, it follows almost as a matter
of course that the police and the
prosecuting officials will be seriously
handicapped, and that many guilty
persons will escape punishment.
The society burglar case involves
man named James P. Mitchell,
who was found guilty of housebreak-
Ing in the local District Court. but
whose conviction was set aside in the
Court OF Appeals on the authority
OF the McNabb ruling. This case
does not present clear cut test OF
the basic issue, since Mitchell al
legedly confessed almost imme-
diately after his arrest, but was held
without arraignment for several
days thereafter while other house
breakings were being investigated.
Despite this unfortunate aspect,
however, the case presents the court
with ample opportunity to review it's
earlier decision, and it is to be hoped
that a modified rule will be laid
down which will protect the rights
OF suspects without creating another
technical loophole through which
criminals can escape punishment to
the detriment Of their law-abiding
neighbors. This can easily be done
II the McNabb doctrine is given a
common application.
Evening star., 1944-01-18
A PRIVILEGE

The Fourth War Loan drive, start
ing throughout the Nation today,
differs from it's predecessors in one
significant respect: 1t places special
emphasis on individual subscrip-
tions, seeking to make these total
$500 100000 out of the over all goal
of fourteen billions. This is a sound
approach, not only because it is de-
signed to stimulate each and every
citizen into making a direct per-
sonal contribution to victory but also
because it is aimed at the pockets
OF those who hold what Secretary
Morgenthau has called the danger
GUS money" ofI the country-the
money not Of banks or corporations
but Of the general working public,
the money on the loose, the money
exerting the greatest innationary
pressures.
In the first, second and third war
loans, the same emphasis was lack
ing. In the first, individual pur-
chases accounted for only 1873 per
cent OF the total subscribed In the
second and third, they accounted for
1T and 28.4 per cent, respectively;
but in the fourth, which begins now
and ends February l. they will be
particularly promoted in an effort
to bring them up to just fraction
under 40 per cent OF the full sum
sought by the Treasury. The sights
have therefore been set commend
ably high, and since quotas were
very substantially exceeded in each
OF the past three drives, there is
more than a little reason to hope
that they will be exceeded again in
this one. This means that there is
at least a fair chance Of pushing in
dividual subscriptions we'll above the
goal Of five and halt billions, al
ways provided that enough energy
and enthusiasm Is directed to this
end.
The Districts quota In this great
campaign Is set at $4,000, 900, Of
which individual buyers will be
asked to carry $50 100000. Judging
on the basis of past performance it
Is reasonably safe assumption that
this goal will be attained. The resi-
dents Of the District, at any rate,
like Americans everywhere, by meet
ing the figure assigned to them, will
not merely be performing a pa
triotic duty but will be favoring
themselves as we'll. For when a man
or woman buys War Bond, the act
Is more than contribution to the
Nations drive for victory and more
than blow against the forces of in
flation; it Is also a personal f1nan-
cial investment of the soundest pos
sible kinda privilege, not a sacri-
fice.
Evening star., 1944-01-18
No Criminal Race

Possibly 1T is merely the ancient
law OF natural reaction that again
Is demonstrated, but there will be
many who will see something more,
something deeper, in the publica-
ton Of Race and Crime" by the
late Professor Willem Adrian
Bonger at this time. The book is at
once product of and a corrective
for the enormous tumults of the
present epoch. Its author, a dis
tinguished psychologist and sociolo-
gist at the University of Amsterdam,
who died "of his own free will"
when the Nazis invaded Holland,
was a man in whom the elements
OF civilized thinking found such
humane expression as to set him at
the opposite pole from Adolf Hitler.
He contradicts the perversity of Der
Fuehrer, and his final philosophical
production, sponsored by the Colum-
bia University Press. is in effect an
answer to "Mein Kampf."
SenSeleSS race prejudice" DR..
Bonger wrote, is "a social-patho-
logical phenomenon" Aggressive
crime, he was convinced, is not racial
In character. ITO speak of criminal
races is pure nonsense. Crime is
always limited to a comparatively
small number of individuals in
race" 1t is "the social milieu and
not race that is the decisive factor"
In the forming of the behaviour
patterns of people Where there
has been material and spiritual
improvement of the masses" aggres-
sive crime has diminished.
DR.. Bonger did not hesitate to be
specific in his findings. THE Nordic
race" he declared, "is pictured as
being violent in its inherent nature,
but its aggressive criminality is,
with exceptions, small. The Jewish
race, to take another example, num-
bers very probably a greater per-
centage Of nervous cases than
others, but 1t counts few crimes of
violence, although the nervous type
Is somewhat predisposed to this sort
Evening star., 1944-01-18

known, WIN Strong support among tne
members of the House. In the second
place, his nomination might strengthen
the Democratic ticket in the South and
Southwest, where there have been many
rumblings against the New Deal ad-
ministration-particularly in Texas.
Mr.. Rayburn, himself, is saying MOTH
Ing about the vice presidential nomina-
ton at this time. However, there Is
plenty of reason to believe that he is
under consideration for the job. If
he should become the nominee he
might do as former Vice President
Garner of Texas did-run for re-elec-
ton to the House as we'll as for the
vice presidency Mr.. Garner was re-
elected to the House-he was Speaker
also at the time. He subsequently re-
signed as member of the House.
Speaker Rayburn is to be the principal
speaker at the Jackson Day dinner here
Saturday night. when the members of
the Democratic National Committee will
be present and have another oppor-
tunity to see the Speaker in action.
The list OF Democratic vice presi-
dental possibilities, however, is not
confined to Mr.. Rayburn. Others
whose names are mentioned include
Secretary Of State Cordell Hull, Sena-
Evening star., 1944-01-18

tor Truman OF Missouri, Senator Lucas
OF Illinois. James F. Byrnes, director Of
War Mobilization, and, OF course, Vice
President Wallace himself
No one knows for sure that Mr.. Wallace
Is out Of the running There have been
frequent reports that he is to be side
tracked. 1t has been rumored, too,
that the President might prefer to have
a military man as his running mate II
the war is still on.
1t seems unlikely that any definite
decision has been made so early as to
vice presidential nominee-no decision
was finally made until about the time
OF the Democratic National Convention
IN 1910. Any number of political de-
yelopments may arise to make this or
that candidate more available in the
next six months
Those who look to Speaker Rayburn
as q probable nominee are mentioning
the fact that Mrs Thomas E. Dewey.
wife Of the Governor of New York.
was born and lived in Mr.. Rayburns
district in Texas. Should Gov Dewey
be the Republican nominee for Presi-
dent, they say, it might be advisable to
have Texan on the Democratic ticket.
Mrs. Dewey and Mrs. Roosevelt might
be vying for honors In the Lone Star
State.
The Presidents entry for a fourth
term took another forward step on Sat-
urday, when a complete slate of Roose-
velt-pledged delegates was entered in
the New Hampshire primary, which
takes place March H. This slate is
backed by the Democratic organization
IN New Hampshire. 1t is not necessary
for the candidate to give his personal
assent to the filing Of delegate candi-
dates pledged to him.
Under the New Hampshire law, how
ever, delegates to the national conven-
ton pledged" to a candidate must con-
tinue to vote for him until released.
Whether any other Democratic delegates
will be entered, supporting some other
candidate or unpledged. has not been
developed. There remains about 4
month in which to file for delegate.
Evening star., 1944-01-18
Northern Red Drive

The news that the northern sec
tors of the eastern front are the
scene Of a new Russian offensive
does not come as surprise. 1t is
logical development of Russian
grand strategy, which exploits its
great superiority in manpower and
apparent superiority in equipment
by striking all along the vast battle
line between the Baltic and Black
Seas. The hard-pressed Wehrmacht
must now further deplete its
dWindling reserves to meet this fresh
threat
However, besides the general aim
of grinding down German strength,
the Red high command has several
specific objectives in this northern
offensive. The first of these Is
probably to break the siege of Len
ingrad. Although that harried me-
tropolis was partially relieved by the
resumption of land contact with the
rest of Russia just a year ago, the
German lines west and south Of the
city have remained intact, and Ger
man heavy artillery has steadily
bombarded Leningrad with grievous
results. The northernmost prong
of the Russian offensive is directed
at those siege lines, in conjunction
with the Red Fleet hammering Ger
man installations along the south
shore of the Gulf of Finland, while
the central prong seeks to outflank
the Germans around Leningrad by
attacks on their lines southwark to
Lake linen.
Meanwhile, the strongest attack
Of all appears to be that of the
southern prong of the Red offensive,
which is pushing westward from the
hole punched late last autumn by
the capture of the German strong
hold of Nevel. A break Through
here would menace the main Ger
man railway trunk line which runs
northeastward from Warsaw to Len
ingrad, and might ultimately work
down the north bank of the River
Dvina to Riga, thereby cutting of
all the German forces to the north
ward To avoid such a catastrophe,
the Germans might be compelled to
evacuate not only Northern Russia
but also adjacent Estonia and most
of Latvia, taking refuge behind the
broad River Dvina, which forms
their best natural defense line.
Such a move would have two i'm
portant results. It would enable the
Russian fleet to move from the mar
row Gulf of Finland into the open
Baltic Sea, and it would also isolate
Finland from effective German aid.
That, in turn, would confront Fin
land with the grim alternative of
either capitulating on Russian terms
or of fighting against hopeless odds
whenever the Russians were so dis
posed.
With so much to gain, it can be
assumed that the Russian high COM
mand will persist in large-scale
military operations in those north
ern sectors, where incidentally win
ter conditions will continue month
later than in Central Russia and
nearly two months later than in
Evening star., 1944-01-18

But always remember, never set class
against class. Have a nut, friend
Look here, who says We need 4 ma
tional service act. anyway? Aren't we
producing the goods? But what are
we going to do about Nine Per-
kins? She says we're producing the
goods, when everybody knows we're
not, on account Of strikes We are so.
We are not. Well, maybe it depends
on what bill Is up.
Want a nut? The thing about the
President is, he's always electioneering.
Look at his annual message; see. elec-
tioneerinak he wants to make every
body work harder and pay more taxes.
Pretty smart. Down with electioneer-
ing! Down with taxes, too. Anyway,
remember that this is an election year,
and we must keep our heads clear and
both feet in the air.
4H++
Have another nut. Yes, sir, that was
a fourth-term message He's only got
both labor federations against him as
a result OF it.
What We have to do is plan ahead,
see. Bigger corporate reserves will win
the war. What's that? Increase social
security taxes at a time like this? This
Is no time to pile up reserves. Let's
postpone it to when we can't do 1t.
Want q nut?
Evening star., 1944-01-18
Swun

No,D in the air and in the ,Uater
Bloom the incredible double fo,Der,
The petals folded,
The stem, fluid and pure,
Bent to curUe, but unyielded
Here in the lake OF the sky,
Here on the Sky's Water,
The snake, the bird, the poice OF light,
The serpentined, the teathered, the pale
dream
From the illusive trinity.
There is no root
In either element,
Yet Is the fo,Uer held motionlesS
In the precise, the White affinity
NOiD in the air and in the Unter
The Dnter and the sDdn embrace
SARA VAN ALSTYNE ALLEN.
Evening star., 1944-01-18
Letters to The Star
Challenges Accuracy Of Statement
On Negroes in East Washington.
To the Edi' a. = ~ The st.r.

CnAuenSeS Accuracy OF statement
On Negroes in East Washington.
To the Editor uf The Star:
In these controversial days, confusion
OF mind, body and estate days of the
short and ugly word" the writer
thinks that the press could make q real
contribution to the peace of mankind
II it would require from each person
submitting for publication a letter
treating of a matter of public interest
certif1cation that the facts stated in
the letter are facts of public record and
that he has examined the same and
believes them to be true.
This suggestion is prompted by let
ter by Helen Duey Hoffman published
In The Star January IA.
She states: "Yet these neighborhoods
are now and have been for years more
than so per cent occupied by Negroes. -
If Mrs. Hoffman had consulted the
census Of 1910 she would have found
that the total population east of the
Anacostia River, Police Precinct No.
IL, was as of that date, 45163. So per
cent of the same white, 81 per cent
Negro.
Also available to her were figures
recently released by the National Capt.
tai Park and Planning Commission, the
result of study carried on by the
commission over period of six months
to ascertain the population and the
trend Of that population in the area
above mentioned.
The figures released show that the
commissions estimate of the popula-
ton as of July l, 1943, was ll5,0O0. SO
per cent white, 80 per cent Negro. These
hgures show that in three years the
population east of the Anacostia River
had increased 155 per cent, the per-
centage of whites increasing per cent
and the percentage of Negroes declin-
ing per cent.
In this controversy, no time is to be
saved and no just conclusion reached
unless consideration is duly given to the
facts as they are and not as some one
might wish them to be.
c. A. BARKER,
Evening star., 1944-01-18

and the Standardization Of designs, pro-
duction will 60 on increasing for time,
depending upon the fortunes Of war.
But the lush days are on the wane, and
people should not be migrating here
looking for easy and highly remunera-
tive jobs in war industries.
The problem of unemployment that
everybody has been thinking about
in these cities is right around the
corner. But it is not catching these
cities unprepared. City plans are under
way to provide for employment and
necessary city improvements. 1 have
seen and studied such plans In Port
Evening star., 1944-01-18
Maj. George Fielding Eliot

French and African troops now train
ing in North Africa were to be landed
along this coast, at a time when ma jor
invasion OF Western Europe from the
British Isles was either actually in
progress, or imminent. the Germans
would be presented with verv trouble
some example of the recurrent dilemma
above referred to-
Either they would have to send
enough troops to Southern France to
make successful resistance, or they
would have to try to delay the French
Army with minimum forces while de-
voting their major attention to the
main show
If they adopted the first alternative.
they would have to detach something
like IS divisions for the purpose, which
might well result in fatal weakness at
the decisive point as the full power
of the Anglo-American offensive de-
Velops and every ounce of mobile Ger
man fighting power becomes vitallv
needed to stop it.
II they adopted the second alterna-
tive. the French might make such good
progress as to possess themselves of q
good part OF the Rhine Valley: they
would thus have a broad and deep
beach head in Southern France. with
the ports Of Marseille and Toulon
through which Allied power could pour
into the country and threaten the
communications and supply areas of
the German Army on the west coast.
Moreover. such a French lodgment
would supply ralying point for the
internal forces Of French resistance:
and If not checked it might extend It's
zone Of control to the valley of the
Garonne and the Atlantic Coast of
France, thus affording still other routes
OF entry for Allied troops.
All these possibilities the German
high command must keep in mind as it
prepares its plans to meet the coming
invasion. The Germans kept the world
trembling, awaiting their decision IS
to where and when their next blow
would fall, when they had the strategic
initiative. Now that initiative has
passed to the Allies, and the latter
have In addition the vast advantages
conferred BY command Of the Sea and
Evening star., 1944-01-18
Gould Lincoln

Speaking at Jackson Day dinner
IN Syracuse, N. Y, Saturday night,
Democratic National Chairman Walker
although not In 80 many words, added
to the Presidents suggested win the
War" slogan for the Democratic party
IN the coming campaign. In his ad-
dress Mr.. Walker clearly indicated that
the Democrats would 60 to battle with
War and Peace" slogan, win the
war and win the peace. Both are
compelling issues. And they are issues
which the Republicans will have to
combat when the campaign Is we'll
under way. The Democrats believe that
on these issues they will present the
strongest candidate in the person OF
President Roosevelt.
1T is our solemn duty" said Mr..
Walker, ito bring home to the Amer
lean people the necessity of placing in
control Of the affairs Of Government
a Congress and an administration de-
termined not only to win the war. but
to win the peace and to preserve
America"
Mr.. Walkers speech WAS q we'll
thought out argument for the continu-
ance Of the Democratic administra-
tion in control
He declared that the Democratic ad-
ministration has fulfilled It's respon-
sibility In the conduct of the war by
providing military leadership, by rails
ing and equipping "the most admirable
Army and Navy in American his
tory taking the initiative away from
the enemy, and by welding the United
Nations into "a single, terrible weapon"
task of almost equal Importance,
Mr. Walker continued. is the winning
OF the peace. He said that an i'm
mense amount Of study and labor al
ready has gone into this task. on the
part of the President and those asso-
ciated with him.
These are issues that the Republican
party will face. Their only hope is to
convince the voters that with their
leadership and control Of Government
they can do a better lob.
Evening star., 1944-01-18

OF crime" Whether or not a person
becomes a criminal, he argued. de.
pends upon "the circumstances sun-
der which Chez has lived from birth
and under which he still lives"
Not every reader will agree with
DR.. Bonger's doctrine, but it is
worth considering even in the midst
OF the most cruel and costly OF wars.
Edmund Burke, in his speech on
conciliation with America in IT'S,
set forth the same fundamental
Idea when he announced: II do not
know the method of drawing up an
indictment against a whole pepole."
Evening star., 1944-01-18

from the new York Times.
"A prison is place of pain" says q
Spanish proyerb. The Gripsholm pas
sengers know it. They also know far
better than the rest of US what freedom
Is, and what the loss Of it means. They
have had two years of Ill fortune. It
has changed, and they have come from
captivity to their free home. What ship
OF all the seas has borne . company
longing more for home? Rejecting on
their days Of imprisonment, their free
dom must have seemed sometimes al
most too good to believe. The change
Of food, the rise in their own spirits,
the telling and hearing on one anothers
stories, the lull Of air and water, the
shifting Of scenery as in . theater from
Portuguese India to Southern Africa
and Brazil; such a passage will bs mem
orable all their lives.