davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1944-02-16
Publisher Predicts
Paper Shortage Will
StreamIine Press
6y the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
CHICAGO, Feb. 16.-Newspapers
Of the future will be more compact,
interesting and streamlined as a
direct result of the newsprint short
age, John F. Lux, publisher of the
Joliet (Ill0 Herald-News, said yes
terday.
II have queried more than a dozen
newspaper publishers and executives
on the subject of newspapers of the
future" Mr.. Lux told the Inland
Daily Press Association, Inc, land
this poll indicated the lost art of
compact, clear writing will be re-
yived out of sheer necessity"
Opinions expressed in the poll, Mr..
Lux said, indicated newspapers Of
the future will:
Be geared for speed, with more
room for pictures, the time element
bringing use of planes and helcop-
ters into newsgathering, better
world news coverage, resurgence OF
interest in politics and political
news. radio and newspapers work.
ing as compliments. not rivals:
Use tabloid size, with much growth
IN advertising, particularly in the
classified section, pay more atten-
ton to women" not only to their
reading habits but to their employ
ment in branches of the paper
where they have never been used
before:
Experiment with new materials in
mechanical departments, such as
plastics for etching on offset plates.
Don Anderson. vice president Of
the association and publisher of the
Madison (Wis) State Journal,
praised the Office of Censorship for
Its efforts to suppress no news eX-
cept that which might be directly
valuable to the enemy.
Evening star., 1944-02-16
Deaths Reported

Elorencs " Loveday, s5, 400 Decatur st
NV.
Catherine Shambaueh. "a. go H st. ne
Grace H. Jeffers, II, 1908 st. Sc
Marie M Forrest, 73,. Rockville. Md
Fred G. Pierce, II, 14lO Hamilton st. NV
Katie Wilson, 50, St. Elizabeths Hospital
Edna Ea K Gasch' 81. I63S R st. NV.
Leonard W. Schuetz, SO, 21ol Virginia ave
NV.
Elenore L. Lyddane, Sc, 1897 Massachu-
SettS ave. NV.
Hush B; Love. 81. Franklin Park, Va.
harry Hodklnson, 46 1243 Morse st. ne
Richard R. Allen, "A, 2459 Tunlaw I'd NV
RRuthle G: Thomas, ~; 1915 st, Sc.
Frances Murry, 81. 5426 o st NV
Patricia Ayers, 10. si7 9Th st. ne.
EGward Hardy. lo3, 10 Howard rd. Sc
EIlonns EFhomss 3. rH johnson x l42i P St NV
Leonard Mitchell, 80, ST. Elizabeth's Hos
ptal.
Mamie Dodson. so. 134 Virginia ave. s.w.
Jennie Byers, A., 5ll sth st. NV.
Jonn Queen. ~, :;?O1 st: NV;
Michael Fhppin, infant, 1924 18th ST. NV.
Evening star., 1944-02-16
Nuzis Seize Woman, 80

NEW YORK, Feb. l6 (P).-The
Dakar radio broadcast an under
ground report from France yester-
day that Nazi authorities in Nice
had arrested the 83-year-old mother
of Andre Maurois, noted French
author who Is now a captain in Gen.
Henri Giraud's army. United States
Government monitors recorded the
broadcast.
Evening star., 1944-02-16

Fastened with huge coot buttons and with
young fIored skirt Brides blue shetIond-
weave WOOL Misses sizes, S2295
The CIO news., 1944-10-09

best food and clothing, and such
medical and surgical care as never
was known in the worlds history.
Neither the political nor the per-
sonal opponents Of President Roose-
welt have been able TO direct against
him one charge OF neglect or in
adequacy In these matters. Taken
in toto they constitute a tremen-
dous achievement.
At the same time on the home
front things have not been too bad.
None of us have suffered actual
want. We have all had enough to
eat and to wear and money to
spare. We have all bought bonds:
we have all increased our incomes.
The American standard of living
has been heightened; the American
way of life-free enterprise has
been preserved. Civil rights and
liberties have been Safeguarded
The Constitution has been Scrupu-
louSly respected.
All the time that we have been
fighting the NaZi-faSciSt TOE abroad
with such effectiveness our Com
mander-in-Chief has been fighting
with equal effectiveness. an almost
equal foe in our oWn borders. That
j, the subtle one wc cal! inila-
The CIO news., 1944-10-09

wars Will tell you that.
Their destinies on the fields Of
battle are at stake. Any event or
circumstances that will prolong the
war one day means so many Of
their lives. They want speedy VIC
tory; they want 10 come home. God
knows we want them to come home
alive and well-victorious and soon.
The President of the United
States is. by the Constitution. Com
mander-in-Chlef of the Army and
Navy. He is not necessarily fight
ing soldier. he is not expected to
take command in the field or on the
waters. He is responsible. however
for the actual leaders In combat
the generals and admirals And
how proud we are OF these in this
war!
We glow with pride in thinking
OF Eisenhower Patton. Patch. Clark,
NimitZ. Macarthur. Bradley. His
tory will accord our great Com
mandcr-in-Chief his need Of praise
for such military heroes Lincoln
was three years in finding a Grant
There was long series Of failures
Hancock. Hooker. Pope Meade
etc. before a competent general
was found M m.S'l.;e has been
charged against President Franklin
Roosevelt
On the home front what the
Commander : in Chief called the
arsenal Of democracy has sur
passed all precedentS and all pre-
dictions in the production of the
guns and ammunition. the planes.
ships. trucks. ieeps. and whatever
else was needed for the fighting
forces. No charge of lack has been
voiced And while thus providing
bountifully for our own fighters.
we have kept Russia and England
squally well supplied
The record, too, should include
the unfailing plenty OF Americas
The CIO news., 1944-10-09
The Day Of Decision

That day November 1914 The decision of issues that
home to the lives and fortunes the jobs and
living of all of usman and child. 1t impossible
exaggerae The million young Americans
the continents and of the world In this fghtfu
The CIO news., 1944-10-09

tloa. There 10 indeed no greater
foe Of q people In war times ex.
cept the actual enemy In arms.
The CIO news., 1944-10-09

we shalt 90 on to complete victory
under the Commander-ln-Chief who
has led Us thus far!
Evening star., 1944-12-17
BY Casper Names

The cadenced sound Of marching feet
echoed through the Library of Congress
halls as squad of soldiers, sailors and
marines swung out of a corridor in
perfect rhythm and alignment. AS if
by magic, visitors to the building ap-
peared and lined the walls as the serv-
icemen, looking fixedly straight ahead,
marched down the aisles of the Library
front second floor.
The guard came to a sharp halt near
the shrine where the Declaration of
independence and the Constitution of
the United States are kept. The officer
in charge barked commands, there was
a clicking of guns, two men stepped
briskly from the squad; the two men for
relief and the two men being relieved
presented arms on command, then
changed places; the relieved men swung
around, faced the officer and then joined
the squad. The squad snapped briskly
around behind the officer, their shoes
clicking against the marble floors in
unison and disappeared into the corridor
from which they came.
The visitors, having watched silently
while the ritual was taking place, now
dispersed, talking in low tones. Most
Of them formed line leading to the
desk-like shrine containing the Nations
two most precious documents.
Changing an honor guard is the most
impressive part of ritual whose origins,
according to an Army officer stationed
in the District, is shrouded in antiquity.
Evening star., 1944-12-17

sky. 1t is almost impossible for a SOL
dier to hear the approach of this mean
package before it explodes. 1t is a
wrecker of morale as we'll as destroyer
of lives
Scattered a few yards behind the
front lines, the 48 weapons of mortar
battalion, such as the ones operating
against the siegfried Line, are grouped
in platoons of four to six mortars
apiece. Trained crews, passing the am
munition forward like bucket brigade,
can fire up to 80 rounds a minute, each
shell holding 8 pounds of INT or of
phosphorus. The battalian can lay
down almost a ton of phosphorus a
minute, at ranges up to 4,400 yards, or
2k miles.
Liquid Fire
Liquid fire-of which the flame
thrower is the principal weapon-has
been called the mercy killer" No doubt
it is that because it kills as quickly as
lightning. But psychologically, it must
be terrible weapon when one is await
ing death by it. 1t has turned the tide
of battle in Allied attacks from Tarawa
to Aachen and is counted on to blaze
the way to the heart of Tokyo.
Flame throwers developed by the
Chemical Warfare Service flush Japs
out of their jungle bunkers after
bombs, shells and grenades fail Shoot
ing jets of blazing oil, they have routed
the Nazi from supposedly impregnable
pillboxes. By reaching through narrow
gun ports and shooting around corners
the flame thrower knocks out enemy
strong points with minimum risk to the
attackers. Thousands Of American SOL
enemy Notifications by sheer weight of
numbers owe their lives to the fact that
liquid fire does it the easy way.
The Chemical Warfare Service sup
plies liquid fire to the combat en-
gineers, infantry and marines, as we'll as
to its own flame soldiers. 1t now has
three different models in action.
Giant Blowtorches
The portable hame throWer looks like
an insecticide sprayer but works like a
giant blowtorch. Its range with Diesel
oil is Is yards, with jellied oil about so
yards. A new portable weapon, or
jungle flame gun, was especially built to
fire thickened fuel under tremendous
pressure and has much greater range
as yet unrevealed. A revolver-type igni-
ton cylinder at the nozzle and pistol
grip trigger allows the weapon to be
fired like tommy gun.
Newest and most deadly of all is the
flame tank, which gives the crew armor-
plate protection. 1t can close in on
positions inaccessible to men on foot.
Continued on Page CD
Evening star., 1944-12-17

a strip tonJ
eofca hmpe
I
Evening star., 1944-12-17

For information concerning nurse
recruitment, call the office IN the
Red Cross Chapter House at 1880 e
street NV, Republic $500, Ert. 517.
Evening star., 1944-12-17

didn't have regular hospital ship. and
when an emergency arose, had to i'm
provise, using sections of stretchers in
an Army transport.
They underwent several bombings.
often spending the early morning hours
bundled in winter flying suits and
blankets in cold, dank cave back
of their quarters.
A steady diet of rice and eggs grew
monotonous, but the weather in China
Is more like that of the United States
than India, they report. At parties,
they and a few Red Cross girls, were
the only white women present.
1t. Gleason was thrilled one day TO
find the name of her own home county
on some Red Cross bandages made
by the Harris County Chapter of Amer
ican Red Cross.
Gee, it was good to see that name
there in China. And we really nedeed
those Axis" I don't know what we'd
have done without them!"
For time after 1t. Rogers was in
jured, the nurses were not allowed to
Evening star., 1944-12-17

1t. Col. E. A. Abbey of New Haven,
Conn, air evacuation control officer and
division surgeon of the India China
Wing OF the Air Transport Command,
described their mission as most hazard
Gus:
"They have been flying over the worst
flying terrain in the world, where
and in areas where the chance of a Jap
Zero attacking their unarmed planes is
an ever-present danger.
3 I'm the face of all this, the nurses have
shown high courage, and eagerness to
perform this type of mission" he said.
Only one Of the nurses has been in
jured by enemy action. First 1t Audry
Rigers of Burburnett, Tex, received
shrapnel wounds in her knee and thigh
as she was assisting in loading patient
in plane at Myitkyina airfield. At the
same time Flight Surgeon Capt. Louis K.
Collins of Glassboro, N. j., and Master
Sergt. Lee Miller, medical technician of
Toro, La, were also wounded. The pa
tient they were lifting was killed.
Bailing Out Over the Hump
Walking back from plane ride was
the unusual experience of Second 1t.
Jeannett c. Gleason, 708 East Twenty
sixth street, Houston, Tex. who recently
returned to India after almost a years
service in China. She explains:
Wed been lost almost six hours, and
most nothing. The crew, a passenger,
and all had to bail out in the dark"
jeanette landed all alone on noun
tain top. Rolling up in her parachute,
she went to sleep. The next morning
she fished D ration chocolate bar from
her flying suit and nibbled on it as she
Evening star., 1944-12-17

would be fatal for them to start gas
warfare against our forces. Even in
their final hours of desperation it is
hardly likely that they would seek to
bring down on their own heads the
swift retaliation which such an offense
would demand.
Swift Retaliation Promise
The United States is not a party to
any treaty outlawing gas warfare. But
we are committed to policy outlined
by President Roosevelt on June 8, 1943,
namely, that I'VE shall under no cir
cumstances resort to the use of such
weapons unless they are first used by
our enemies. We promise to any
perpetrator of such crime full and swift
retaliation"
When the World War I Germans first
used toxic gas as a weapon of warfare
against the Allies in France on April
%, 1915, new arm of the fighting
forces was added to the armies of the
world.
Thus was added to our Army Chem
ical Warfare Service which made such
large contributions to the 1918 victory
that it was made regular branch of
the Army in 1920. Reorganization of
the War Department in 1912. after
Pearl Harbor, placed it in the Army
Services Forces, as one of seven tech
nical services. Maj. Gen. William N.
Porter is chief of the Chemical Warfare
Service and under his supervision our
forces are modified and equipped for
waging this form of warfare on a scale
never before realized.
The advent of gas warfare would find
Gen. Porters troops and others on the
spot for instant action. 1t would also
find every American G. I. equipped with
the worlds best protective divices.
Added to his gas-mask is a gas de-
tector kit that spots the presence of
even invisible, orderless agents. Air
purifying machines for gasproof shelters
are some of the other devices issued
against the possibility of gas warfare.
In All Branches of the Army
Before the present war, the service
was engaged primarily in keeping
abreast of developments in the chemical
Evening star., 1944-12-17

During the rest of the week one branch
of the armed forces takes over the
guard being present Monday through
Friday from am. to 10 pm. and Sat-
urday from am to pm.
The guard consists of Is men. Changes
are made every hour on the half hour.
The men on guard stand at attention
for five minutes and at parade rest for
five minutes. The first aQ-weeklyS de-
tail was taken by the Army, with 1t.
Donald p Knoff as officer in charge,
next week and the Navy the following
one. The three services have been al
ternating in that wise each week since
then, Sunday alone witnessing all three
armed branches. The Navy officer in.
charge last week was 1t. John H Wash
burn of New York.
The officer in charge takes command
of the initial guard of the day. After
that the guard is headed by corporal
for the Army, sergeant for the Marines
and petty officer for the Navy.
Navy and Marine guard members are
taken from the days regular detail;
Army men are chosen by the officer in
charge. The guard assemblies in room
on the Librarys top floor.
There is lounging room for the men
provided in the old library cafeteria on
the top floor. Here the men off duty
can relax.
Many of the men forming the honor
guard have seen active duty. Last weeks
Marines included Corpl John w. Larson
and Pics. Jesse w. Carney. Emery c.
Sullivan, jr.; Kenneth C. Dewey, jr.;
Alfred L. Timbrook and Leon B. Hamil-
ton. All these men wear the Presidential
Citation Ribbon for action in the Pacific
and all have seen action in at least one
of the major engagements against the
japanese. Among the Army men who
have seen overseas action, most of them
in Africa and Italy, are Pvts. Henry T.
Startling, Robert E. Cook and James H.
Nicely and Pfc. Albert c. Shaw.
Placed on Public View
The Constitution has had many resting
places since it was first signed in Phila-
delphia on September II, 1887
On the initiative of DR.. Gaillard Hunt,
in charge of the Department of State
Archives, wnere the documents were
being kept, Secretary of State Charles
Evans Hughes recommended to Presi-
dent Harding on September %, 1921,
that the documents be placed in the
Library of Congress where patriotic
Americans may have an opportunity to
see the original fundamental documents
upon which rest their independence and
their Government" DR.. Herbert Put
nam, Librarian of Congress then, re-
ceived them on September 80, 1921. In
1924 the constitutional and Declaration
of Independence were both placed in the
shrine to which they have this year been
returned.
In the words of DR.. Evans because of
these documents I'VE all think of this
as one Of the country's secular shrines,
an ever inspiring part of the symbolism
Of the fact we are q Nation"
Evening star., 1944-12-17

artillery. They make whole cities appear
and disappear at will. Their weapons
range from grenade, which puts man
out of action but can't hurt him, to a
flamethrower which is painless-because
it kills instantly, before sensitory nerves
can register pain.
German prisoners and captured Japa-
nese battle orders have revealed that
Chemical Warfare troops are high pri-
ority targets for enemy guns. AS soon
as chemical unit goes into action on a
new front, the enemy bends every effort
to seek it out. When the enemy counter
attacks, his artillery is Instructed to go
after the Chemics before other targets.
AS a result, officers and men of the
Chemical Warfare Service suffer a high
proportion of casualties.
The Chemical Warfare Service, since
its inception in the last war, has worked
on the theory that chemical weapons
defeat the enemy with a minimum loss
of life on both sides. Its incendiary
weapons are more effective against prop
SAeJ pAANAA oSo1hoo PS1 oO1i1ICl. 1tS SIIlOk6
screens blind the enemy without harm
ing him. Its other chemicals are in
tended to put the enemy soldier out of
action, to mystify and to frighten him,
but not, basically, to kill or to main him.
The "Goon Gun"
But not so in the case of the 42-inch
chemical mortars. Their entire purpose
is destruction. known as the "goon
gun," they are more deadly than the
German or Japanese variety, and any
OF our doughboys and marines who have
encountered the latter will tell you they
are bad enough.
Resembling stovepipe propped up by
a screw jack, the COON gun looks pretty
tame until the gunner steps up and
drops 25-pound shell into the muzzle.
With an ear-splitting twang-unlike an
ordinary field piece-the missile emerges,
sails up and out toward the enemy and
disappears like small pill in the sky.
Seconds later the shell bursts with an
enormous conclusion, scattering high
explosives and steel fragments over an
area 40 yards in diameter. And before
that first shell hits, i've more are in the
Evening star., 1944-12-17
BY Nelson M. Sheppard

Two months before the actual in
vasion of Normandy, unsuspecting
American and English picture editors
conveyed subtle warning to the Ger
man high command that it would be
an extremely hazardous blunder If or
ders were given for the use of poison
gases in resisting attempted enemy
landings on the European coast.
This warning came through the
printing of Misunderstanding pictures
showing barge loads of Army decon-
taninator trucks-delousing equipment
moving through New York Harbor to
waiting conveys.
To millions of newspaper readers the
pictures evoked only thoughts of great
need in the European theater of oper-
ations for machinery to keep our SOL
diers free of cooties and other vermin.
But to few enemy agents and informers
those pictures, released for a deliberate
purpose by the War Department. told
a different kind of story-one which
can be revealed now for the first time.
Emergency Conference
AS early as February %, when prep
arations for supplying day troops
were we'll under way, % officers repre-
senting as many sections of the War
Department were called into conference
in room on the fifth floor of the
Pentagon Building. An emergency mes
sage had just been received from Gen.
Dwight D. Eisenhower in London.
Allied headquarters, taking no
chances, urged that all measures be
taken for the protection of the landing
troops. Equal precautions were to be
taken against any possible use of gas
warfare in France. Every precaution
was to be taken for the protection of
the landing troops. Equal precautions
were to be taken for retaliatory meas
ures if the Germans pulled the same
trick they did in World War I.
Especially, the planned operations re-
quired 1000 more "decontaminating
trucks" to clear the beaches of blister
gases in case of need.
The Pentagon conference was called
to find out how so many chemical trucks
could be made ready for shipment
within SO days One thousand decon-
taminating trucks simply didn't exist
in February, 1914 They could not be
produced in less than six months, but
Gen. Eisenhower had to have them.
Again the impossible was accomplished.
On April l those pictures in Allied
newspapers told the Germans the chem
1cal trucks were on the way.
And the Germans knew what news
paper readers here and in England did
not know: That those harmless looking
trucks could be used for offense as well
as defense against gases. The pictures
made it unnistakably clear to the Ger
man high command that the invading
troops, when they hit the beaches, would
be amply supplied with the latest types
of gas warfare equipment.
The Germans, wisely, did not use gas
on that June 6 D day-even when all
else they could do failed to stop the
invader
Both Nazi and Japs know by now it
Evening star., 1944-12-17

technical troops on every front in this
global war.
Some of these chemical weapons-such
as the deadly accurate mortar, the aerial
block burners" and the different kinds
of flamethrowers-are among those most
feared by the enemy.
Smoke and Flame
Using smoke and liquid fire as primary
weapons, chemical troops throw the
enemy off balance, confuse him, unnerve
him. Exponents of surprise and decep-
ton, the Chemics are called into battle
when the going gets tough. Their trick
plays and deadly weapons are calculated
to win battles with a minimum cost in
human life.
Armed with special devices, the
Chemics are accustomed to perform the
unexpected. They turn day into night.
or night into day; they lay down artillery
barrages from positions inaccessible to
Evening star., 1944-12-17
Flying Army Nurses Take Hazardous Routes in Their
Stride to Save Lives in China, India and Burma
By Faith Brewer.

wings flying over the
%
thousands of injured and i'll American British Chinese
done a evacuaing front
nfca atiesn
Evening star., 1944-12-17

walked down the mountainside to a
coolie hut.
'The first thing asked for was a tele-
phone" she laughs, recalling the event.
The coolies spoke no English, and she
very little Chinese.
1 used sign language, and drew pic
lures" she explains. They brought her
small bowl of rice and some chop
sticks. Then, the whole family lined up
and conveyed her down the mountain
trail to village. Her trinity tailored
khaki flying suit and boots made an
incongruous picture mid the faded loose
robes and worn sandals of the Chinese
group.
The village doctor could speak a lit
tie English and was able to notify
headquarters that she was safe. That
night she slept on a bamboo bed in
a Chinese public health hospital.
After one more day of walking, jean
ette was joined by other members of
the crew, and the fourth day of their
hike, they were met by soldier in a
jeep
He brought thermos of hot coffee,
and we drank bowl after bowl. I never
thought I'd be SO glad to ride in a
jeep," she declares.
Her Patient Was Tommy Harmon
Another flight nurse who has recently
returned from China is Second 1t.
Mary Ruth Duncan of Selma, Ala Her
first patient on flight was 1t Tommy
Harmon.
Il didn't even know he was some
body well known until the trip was
nearly over" she remembers
In China the nurses few out to
smaller fields and brought In casualties
to the station hospital. At first they
Evening star., 1944-12-17

field which may have warfare applica-
ton. All research and experimentation
were conducted in peace years at the
Edgewood, Md, Arsenal.
Now the service trains all branches
of the Army in the use Of chemical
weapons. 1t maintains combat and