davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Waterbury Democrat., 1944-12-01
@,s>4MS7yn>vt ESTABLISHED 1885
ESTABLISHED 1885

YoG re Human - Don't Be HeortIess They Need Your Help Over There Buy War Bonds Over Here = Buy Whot You Con Afford To Hove And To Hold.
 Every bond you buy and hold is e help in getting them back home sooner = Mony you probably know - They're gambling with de0th - Many hove already paid the supreme sacrifice - Possibly brother son - pol - or the feI- low who worked next to you.
 You're over here living comfort :, ably and IuxuFiousIy - over there fox hoIess swomps and mud holes -hospitoIs crowded with inclined end blinded men - 0nxious Co live - but - trying to forget ths horror of it oIl = Hove heart - Dig down again for onothoF bond = You eon't let them down.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1944-12-01

by heroic achievement in connec- tion with military operations against an enemy of the United States on Aug. 6, 1914, near St. Malo, France. After an attack had started against heavily defended enemy positions, First Sgt. Null ligan, seeing the commanding of ficer leading the attack become a casualty, immediately assumed command, and kept the attack moving without Reorganization, until he, himself became wounded. He refused to leave the platoon for medical aid until he had placed the platoon under a competent non-commissioned officer. His heroic display of leadership and outstanding courage under heavy enemy fire merits the highest praise and is in keeping with the finest traditions of the military service.
 For The Commanding General
 N. P. Cowden, Major, AGD.,
 Asst. Adj. General.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1944-12-01

Forty Mexican senators recently paid silent tribute in the senate chamber to Don Belisario Domin- guez. whose sacrifice was one of, the outstanding contributions to Mex ico's independence.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1944-12-01
FTREMEN RESPOND
 TO TWO MINOR FIRES

Bremen responded this morning to a chimney fire at 437 Willow street, and minor blaze in the smoke house of the Fulton Marked. at 225 East Aurora street.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1944-12-01

All radio stations in Spain havL been placed under the control of the Vice Secretariat of Popular Educa- ton.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1944-12-01

Nptrition courses for women have just been inaugurated in Mexico.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1944-12-01

1 Middletown, Conn, Dec. 1.-tUP) Five Middletown seamen, who en- tered the Navy within few months of each other early this year and were believed stationed on the same ship, were reported as missing in action today.
 MT. and Mrs. Anthony Ferrigno l received word from the Navy De- partment that their Sno, Seaman First Class Louis Ferrigno, Is, and their son-in-law, Seaman First Class George I. Fuchs, 27, were among the | five casualties.
 Others reported mSiSing were Sea- man First Class Lucio Di Mauro, Is, Seaman First Class Salvatore s. Fazzino, 37, and father Of three children; and Seaman First Glass Stanley SokoloSki.
 Putnam, Conn. Dec. 1.-(UP)-A searching party from Bradley Field found the body of It. Robert W. Anderson. 25, of Pontiac, R. l., and Chicago, last night, two miles from where his army fighter plane had crashed and burned Wednesday.
 The body was taken to Hillsgrove, R. T., air field, where the officer was stationed. Anderson leaves a widow, Mrs. Helen Anderson of l12 West Natick road, Pontiac, and a father, Charles w. Anderson, 239 North Mayfield avenue, Chicago.
 Clement J. Kazelunas, 21, Motor mach. mate 1-c, son of MT. and Mrs. George KazelunaS, Marion avenue, Marion, Conn, has completed basic training at the Submarine School, Submarine Base, New London, Con- necticut, for duty with our growing fleet of .underseas fighters.
 MoMM Kazelunas vii be entitled to wear the twin dolphin insignia of the Submarine Service after further experience aboard submarine dur ing which he must demonstrate to his commanding officer that he is fully qualified to carry out the du- ties of his rate. The insignia is re- garded as a mark of distinction throughout the Navy.
 Kazelunas was graduated in June 40 from Leavenworth High, Water bury. He joined the Navy in March the following year, had recruit training at Newport, R. l., and duty aboard battleship and submarine chaser.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1944-12-01

Paul Foster of 400 Perkins ave- nue, who is serving with an Army medical unit attached to an en- ginneers' combat battalion in Eu- rope, has been advanced to corporal, according to word received here.
Imperial Valley press., 1944-12-20
CALENDAR
WEDNESDAY


Surgical dressings, 9-4, 10000 club.
8 ct 40, Z, ABS X street, Brawley.
Mckinley p. 7. A., 1880, school.
Prayer service, 1880, Baptist
church.
20-3O Club, 1880, California Hotel.
Boy Scout Troop II, 1880, Scout
hut.
State guard, 1880, stadium.
Servicemen's dance, $3.50, veterans
hall.
THURSDAY
Surgical dressings, 9s4, 1000 club.
Rotary club, IL, Barbara Worth
hotel.
IATS, 2:30, Labor Temple.
Junior T0astmasters, 6:15, Calf
Ornia hotel.
PotIuck supper, $3.50, Methodist
social hall.
Night school, Z, high school.
CAP g. CAPC,. 1880, high school.
Jobs Daughters, $3.50, Masonic
temple.
Junior hostesses, Z, USO.
Gypsum Workers, 1880, Labor tenn
pie.
Building Trades, 8, Labor Temple.
Elks, 8, Elks Club
Motor corps, 8, 120 No. Fifth.
Christmas program, 8, Central
high school.
Christmas Program, 8, Douglass
high school.
Imperial Valley press., 1944-12-20
Acacia Group
Has Christmas
Heart PARTY

The annual Christmas Heart
party was held by the Acacia Home
Department Wednesday night at the
home CT Mrs. Hester Lehman.
During the evening the group
played "Cootie," with first prize 60
ing to Vera Kemp. Alena Shelburne
won first prize for the pie game.
Refreshments were served by the
hostess after the guests exchanged
gifts. The house was attractively
decorated with poinsettias and tiny
figures of Santa Claus.
Those present were Flora Brad
shaw, Helen Beeson, Lois Lyons,
Dorothy Cowan, Lillian Gresser, Jes-
sic Littrell, Maria Shepherd, Mar
jorie Donnan, Alena Shelburne,
Vera Kemp, Mary Beth Benning,
Ann Crumrine, Gertie Sweden, CAL
lie Mcconnell, Helen Moore, Pa
tricia Machado, Grace Walton, Xly-
thia Sutherland, Ruby Lehman,
Ruby Ray, Irene Norris, Mildred
Richardson, Mary Ellen Rolander,
Esther Estrada, Ruth Hill, Rose
Lindsey, Eunice Willoughby and the
hostess.
Imperial Valley press., 1944-12-20
Wilson Students
Plan Program Of
Chris+mas Music

one Of the most interesting of the
many Christmas programs will be
the one by students of Wilson school
and the seventh and eighth grade
pupils, which will be given Thurs
day night at 8 o'clock In the high
school auditorium.
The program will feature music
by the glee clubs, directed by Mrs.
Laura Mcfarland, and the band,
directed by George Burt.
The band and glee clubs will open
the program with Joy to the
World" followed by the girls glee
club singing THE First IJoel" and
Carol of the Russian Children.
Songs by the boys gle club will in
clude Wind through the Olive
Trees and The Shepherds and the
Inn"
A special group of seventh and
eighth grade pupils will sing Carol
of the Bells" and 20 Hcly Night"
The fifth and sixth grade students
will sing Christmas Lullaby"
The elementary band will play
There's Music in the Air." Jolly
Old st. Nicholas" and Jingle Bells"
while two numbers by the advanced
band will be "Yuletide Echoes" and
Christmas Fantasy"
The two glee clubs will combine
for the closing numbers, Our
Christmas Song for You," white
Christmas" and Silent Night"
Imperial Valley press., 1944-12-20
HOLLYWOOD
KY ERSKINE JOHNSON

Mama" Joan Fontaine and
Olivia de Havilland have always
said, "is the biggest ham in the
family"
1t was inevitable that mama, sill
ver-haired Mrs. Lillian Fontaine-
would one day be in the movies.
Mama has acted every place in
Hollywood except in front of cam
era-on Little Theater stages, at
parties, at army camps.
She's played all kinds of roles
a 5-year-old Negro boy seeing his
first movie, princess on the bot
tom of the sea, woman trapped in
a revolving door. In that one every
one thought she was drunk.
So mama is now in the movies,
just like everyone predicted, playing
the role of Jane Wyman's mother in
THE Lost Weekend"
please be careful of my nose"
mama warned director Billy Wilder
before the first scene. Its rather
large"
Director Wilder took a good look
e"I like it," he said. He walked
Imperial Valley press., 1944-12-20
Fur Coat Will
Last If Given
Careful Use
Bv AIfg HART
NEA staff Writer

Give the new fur coat that makes
you look Ike q million nov. It's
beauty care and Il VII be as flatter-
inc next year and ne gear after
Guarding the bark cf the collar and
waIstline ciosinas-txo worst points
q friction-by Hes-lng q scarf In
side your coat and makina sure that
proper fasteninEs eliminate the
need foT clutching. IS the first rule
OF care given you b Esther Dor
othy. a designer who knows as much
about furs IS a IeWeler does about
gems. Prom Miss Dorothy comes
these summed-up pointers.
Don't wear your coat away az a
strategic spot bY sitting on t. Lift
Il up CT take e off. Don't leave arms
In sleeves indoors. beeaufe persplra-
tion Is harmful 20 furs.
Imperial Valley press., 1944-12-20
OF PERSONAL
INTEREST

Mr.. and Mrs. Howard Farms
worth are awaiting the arrival this
week of Mrs. Farnsworth's parents,
Mr. and Mrs. Sim Tullett of Idaho
Falls, Idaho, who will be house
guests until after New Years. They
are looking forward to seeing their
youngest grandchild, John, as we'll
as his older brother, Howard.
Mrs. Jack Frankish of Ontario
and her children, Gail and Brian,
are visiting her parents, Mr.. and
Mrs. w. A. Tondro, over the Christ
mas holidays. They will leave short
ly for the Tondro home in Pine
Valley, where the family and guests
will spend Christmas. Mr.. Frankish
is United Press correspondent
with the First Army in Belgium.
Imperial Valley press., 1944-12-20
Christmas Party
Set by Masons,
Eastern Star

Children of members and friends
will be special guests at the annual
Christmas party to be given at 7:aO
o'clock Saturday night in the Ma
sonic Temple by the Masons and the
Eastern Star.
A program will be given by the
children, followed by the party with
gifts being distributed by Santa
Claus.
All those attending the party have
been asked by Ethel Caradine, Sec
retary, to bring a gift for each child
accompanying them.
Imperial Valley press., 1944-12-20

around mama and looked again. ii
fascinates me-" he said.
Mama's first scene was in profile
She groaned. This" she said. Is the
beginning and end Of a perfect
career"
But in the rushes mama's nose
looked all right. In fact. mama was
all right.
Not spectacular. she said. but
honest. A little hammy. although
I tried to make 1t artistic"
LIKE MAE ROBSON
Mama reminds you CT Mae Rob-
son. Only younger. With a PERSONAL
ity that bubbles like Joan and
Olivia.
She's glad Joan has stopped
playing those neurotic roles. "Peo-
pie were beginning to think she
really was neurotic," she said.
Mama was on the stage in Eng
land before Olivia and jean were
born. When the family moved TO
Hollywood, she gave dramatic read
ings at clubs and colleges, renewing
her interest in acting.
She studied for a year with Nine.
Maria Ouspenskaya, then toured
army camps as Aunt Martha In
arsenic and Old Lace" and ap-
peared in IS performances of Might
Must Fall" at the Actors Laboratory
in Hollywood.
1t was while studying with Nine.
Ouspenskaya that mama got mixed
up in that revolving door in hotel
lobby
Nine. Ouspenskaya teaches n e
Stanislawsky method of dramatic
training-pretending to be some one
or doing something, largely in pan
tomime.
Came lessen No. 7 woman
trapped in a revolving door.
Mama went to dinner at the
hotel. Going home, she We n
through the revolving door and de-
cided to do little home work. For
Is minutes she went round and
round. A crowd gathered but mama
didn't notice it.
SHE WAS A SENSATION
Mama finally stopped revolving
and staggered back into the lobby.
The spectators were roaring.
"I made a complete fool OF my
self" mama chuckled. But next
day everyone including Nine. Ous-
penskaya said I gave the best per-
formance she had ever seen of a
woman trapped in revolving door.
It was easy. was still revolving"
In case you haven't guessed it,
mama is a character. She lives In a
tiny one-room apartment in Holly
wood, spurning offers of Joan and
Olivia to live in their big mansions.
Imperial Valley press., 1944-12-20
Mary Ru++e Is
Rose Bowl Queen

PASADENA, Cal, Dec. 20. (UP)-
Mary Rutte, billed as an all-Ameri-
can girl, Wednesday assumed the
title of queen of this years wartime
Tournament of Roses festivities.
The pretty Honolulu-born daugh-
ter of Colonel Louis B. Rutte, on
duty at Camp Shelby, Mississippi,
is twin with pair of younger
twin sisters. two brothers and a
fourth sister.
Miss Rutte recently won a patri-
otic essay contest sponsored by the
Kiwanis club and is an honor STU
dent and an athlete at Pasadena
Junior college.
Imperial Valley press., 1944-12-20
Holiday Program
Planned for
Douglass School

Douglas High school will be the
scene of Christmas program at
o'clock Thursday night, featuring a
play and music.
Those appearing in the Christmas
play, which was written by Frank
Mccoy, are George Hill Jr., Calvin
Cooke, Lupe Gomez, Manuel Winner,
June Lee Faulkner, Bertha Moreno,
Jintilla Burleigh, Vera Giles, Dor
othy Hernandez and Wilma j. john
son.
A musical background will be pro-
vided by the junior and senior
high school age group, students of
Frank Mccoy. In addition to songs
by Matte L. Bayloe, there will be
piano solos between scenes.
Imperial Valley press., 1944-12-20
Imperial Valley Press

EstaDnsneo April 70, 1901.
Published evenings except Saturday
and Sunday. In combination with the
Sunday POS1-rRESS. by the Imperial
Valley Publishing Company, 625 State
ST.. Ell Centre. Calf.
Paul Jenkins. Publisher
and President
Member United Press, California News
paper Publishers Assn. Holiday
Co, Inc, national representatives.
Rates, Gncluding Sunday post-Press):
Single copy Sc: carrier paid-in-ad-
vance: l month. S100; 2 months.
S275: 6 months. IS. .25: wear, $1,000.
BY Mail: l month. $1.00: 3 months,
$3.50; months, S4. 80; year, $500.
Outside OF California, $1.00 per month
flat.
Entered at FL Centro. Calf. post
office as 2nd class pail
Imperial Valley press., 1944-12-20
tss'ss.' ss@oa. OF Interest to Women
Edited By Marjorie Hoyey
Churches
SCHOOL,
College Students Arrive Home
To Spend Christmas HOLIDAYS

Miss Marilyn Ingle arrived Sat-
urday from Minneapolis to spend
the holidays with her parents. Mr.
and Mrs. r. B. Tngle. She will spend
the Christmas weekend on the
coast visiting friends and relatives.
returning here fer the remainder of
the vacation. Marilyn Is a student
at the University Of Minnesota and
MacPhail School of Music.
Pomona college students home on
vacation include Janet Thompson,
Imperial Valley press., 1944-12-20
Program Planned
On lmmunization
For Children

Immunization consent slips are
being sent 10 parents OF elementary
school children in preparation for
the smallpox vaccinations and diph-
iberia immunization program which
Dr. Miriam Hubbell. county health
officer will conduct January % and
"a.
All Fl Centre school health rec
ords we're destroyed in the Wilson
school fire and school health auth
critics expressed thanks to parents
for supplying the missing informa-
ton so the records may be dupli-
Gated.
Imperial Valley press., 1944-12-20
HELD ON DRUNK COUNTS

Francisco A. Morales was arrested
on charge of drunkenness at 427
Broadway Tuesday night, after he
allegedly had refused to pay for
merchandise and some broken bot
ties. Julio Aguilar, 54, was arrested
on a charge of drunkenness in che
200 block, North Fifth street, El
CentrO, Tuesday night.
Imperial Valley press., 1944-12-20
KIDS LIKE FIRE LECTURES

GARY. Ind, Dec. 20. UP)-Gary
school children beg to hear lectures
on fire prevention, for amateur
magician and fireman Rudy zan-
dali tells of the danger of fire
through magic. Randall introduced
disappearing cigarette acts and
other fire-assc ciated devices in his
lectures, which have become the
most popular in the school,
Imperial Valley press., 1944-12-20
COLOR FILMS PLAY ROLE

VAN NUYS, Cal, Dec. 20. CUP)-
Technicolor films are used by the
army's Birmingham general hospital
to demonstrate the reconditioning
processes by which war-wounded
patients are fitted for further duty
or useful civilian life.
Imperial Valley press., 1944-12-20
PROBE REPORTED SHORTAGE

ALAMEDA, Calf, Dec. 20. CUP)
The Alameda county district at
torney and state auditors today
were investigating a reported short
age of $4,000 to $1,000 in the books
of Edward Gray, 54 year old fire
department captain who IS treas
urer of the Alameda Municipal
Credit Union.
Imperial Valley press., 1944-12-20

Thompson; Winifred Anderson,
daughter of Mr.. and Mrs. Fritz Al
derson, and Terry Milstead.
Arriving Friday will be Miss Mar
tina Jeanne jenkins, daughter of
Paul A. jenkins. She is freshman
at Stanford.
Also arriving Friday will be Miss
Patricia Bucklin, daughter of Mr..
and Mrs. George Bucklin, and Alton
Marsh, daughter of Mrs. Amanda
Marsh. Both are students at the
University of California at Berkeley.
Expected home Thursday are four
U. S. C. students, Miss Beverly Bur-
ger, daughter of DR.. and Mrs. Floyd
Burger; Miss Rosemary Rice, daugh-
tr of Mrs. John Rice; Miss Jewell
Thompson, daughter of Lom Thomp-
son, and Miss Marjore Watson,
daughter of Mr.. and Mrs. E. M.
Watson. Beverly and Rosemary are
members CT Chi Omega, while Mar
jore and Jewell entered as freshmen
in October.
Mrs. Bonnie Ann Collins arrived
last week to spend the holidays with
her mother, Mrs. Roger Bolenbaker.
She is a student at the University
of Arizona at Tucson.
Redlands university students ex-
pected home are Miss Thelma Crum-
rine, daughter of Mr.. and Mrs.
Lymle M. Crumrine, and Miss Betty
House. Miss Fay Reach, who is vice.
president of the sophomore class at
Redlands, will spend the holidays in
Sacramento.
From Arizona State Teachers COL
lege at Flagstaff are expected this
week Maureen Woodall, daughter OF
Mr.. and Mrs. o. K. Woodall, and
Betty 10 Rogers, daughter OF Mrs.
Vera Rogers.
Barbara Jean Briggs, who is a STU
dent at Arizona State Teachers COL
lege at Tempe, is expected home the
middle of the week by her parents,
Mr.. and Mrs. Wyatt Briggs.
Miss jeanne McKim is visiting her
parents, Mr.. and Mrs. j. H. McKim,
of Imperial, on vacation from Ste
phens college, at Columbia, Mis-
souri,. Miss Susie Lathrop, also from
Stephens, is visiting her parents. the
Frank Lathrops, of Imperial. Their
schoolmates who are on vacation
with their parents in the north end
of the valley include Mary Frances
Galpin, daughter of Mr.. and Mrs. F..
F.. Galpin; Carol Ann Jones; Eunice
Jack, daughter of Mr.. and Mrs. Earl
Jack, all CT Brawley, and Reeda
Wilkinson, daughter of Mrs. Reed
Wilkinson of Calipatria.
Miss Doreen Meagher arrived Sat-
urday to spend the holiday season
with her parents, Mr.. and Mrs. w.
j. Meagher. She is student at
Santa Barbara State college. Her
sister, Jane, who is in the cadet
nurse corps at st. Joseph's hospital
in Orange, will arrive Sunday. Jane
expects to end her probationary pc
riod and get her cap early in Janu-
ary.
Miss Mary Lou Hunter, daughter
of Mr.. and Mrs. John Hunter, is en-
joying months vacation from San
Diego State college, where she is a
freshman.
Imperial Valley press., 1944-12-20

NEW YORK Dec 2OYou who the long look
girls might like to know that the 1.-THE line
sketch hem photographers
gne who cevery combine
the figure.
Hollywood studio systs
according one-No Anderson
IKE Ann Sherdans Ida Lupnos Jane Wymans
Alexis to heathe
lowers WaiStne
Color will
fashions which
skirt
the onlookerS
shoulders
suits ypifying AndersonS
by Alexis Smith who currently appearing in THE Doughg
them
at the right of vivid
half the sleeves and down into
immng device
On the model left pebble
engthening plastron
zing shades of beige
Imperial Valley press., 1944-12-20
CAMP GARDEN SAVES $4,000

CAMP ELLIS, AL, Dec. 20. (UP)
The camps victory garden this sea-
son yielded 523,835 pounds or more
than 80 varities of vegetables, saving
the government over $4,000 in food
bills, reported Major G. P. Walker.
Imperial Valley press., 1944-12-20

Miss Mary Lou Hunter, daughter
of Mr.. and Mrs. John Hunter, is en-
joying months vacation from San
Diego State college, where she is a
freshman.
Imperial Valley press., 1944-12-20

daughter of Judge and Mrs. Vaughn
Thompson; Winifred Anderson,
daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Fritz Al
derson, and Terry Milstead.
Arriving Friday will be Miss Mar
tina Jeanne jenkins, daughter of
Paul A. jenkins. She is a freshman
at Stanford.
Evening star., 1944-03-01
lot This

Mother-Mary, quit interrupting
me! Bess, don't hang on Mrs
Browns chair! hope you'll ex-
cause the way these children act.
They aren't always as rude as they
are today.
Evening star., 1944-03-01

bird Is descending from 4 higher
point to break the fall. The reason
offered is that the bird is so fat,
the wing muscles cannot be used,
and then, too, the bird does not
care for flying. Its mottled plumage
permits 1t to hide with ease when
danger approaches.
Holes under trees and shelving
rock offer excellent living quarters.
The roots of many of the trees
where these birds live are partly
above ground, so that cozy retreats
are established under them. There
is no evidence of fresh dirt to show
excavation activities, but there Is
an apartment there just the same,
During the middle of March, twin
Kakapos are Matched. The nest
lings are covered with grayish
down; the adult plumage appears
after they leave the nest. They are
not as brilliantly colored until they
assume their wedding garments in
the autumn.
Evening star., 1944-03-01
7 axe Ny Word for 1t
BY FRANK COLBY.
Readers Corner.

8. B. Hoover, Pittsburgh: Why,
in the name Of sane reasoning. did
you ever pick up that insurance
policy expression "and /or"? In
other words:
AND /OR is silly phrase
That puts the reader in a daze
1t Is an evil mans invention
To cover up his true intention.
Stiffen your backbone, speak with
candor,
Stand up and denounce hateful
AND/OR.
G. Berg. Brooklyn: Please give us
4 condemnation OF "and/or" before
it sneaks into the dictionary.
Answer: Bless your soul, it is in
the dictionary. See Webster's New
International. Second Edition.
Bessie p. Osborne, Los Angeles: :
I have an interesting new word for
you: PROTOGRAM. It designates
term formed by combining the
initial letters or syllables OF other
words. such ~ "socony," from the
initial letters OF Standard OIL Com
pany Of New York. Other we'll
known protograms are: Nabisco,
Texaco and Conoco.
Answer: Not to overlook that
classic protogram Of the armed
forces: SNAFU, from (expurgated)
Situation normal all fouled up"
F. T. c., Oakland: You are cor
rect; there Is no authority for ad-
dressing a minister as Reverend" !"
As . minister, always avoided the
term. Ephesians. all, contains the
proper titles: And he gave some
apostles; and some, prophets; and
some, evangelists: and some, pastors
and teachers
The eagle eye Of A. 8. N. OF
Evening star., 1944-03-01

line OF lemon yellow. The feathers
at the base of the upper mandibles,
side Of face and projecting over
the lower mandibles are q dull
yellowish brown. While the sexes
are alike in plumage, individuals
vary greatly.
In most of its range, this bird
is known as the Kakapo. It is q
strange combination. In structure,
it Is true parrot. In the possess
sion OF facial disk which is diff
ferent from all other known par
rots, it is an owl. 1t also has soft
plumage and is a silent flier. It's
food habits are those of a parrot,
and its nocturnal habits show its
strong connection with the owls.
All these habits were taken into
consideration, no doubt, when the
natives called it Kakapo, which
means might parrot"
Although these birds have strong
wings, they are not used for any
real flight; they are used when the