davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1944-04-12
Constantine Bro4Un

lures and indoctrination courses keep
up the morale of the men. They are
told that. after all, the eastern front
is not decisive but the fate OF the
Fatherland hinges on victory against
the Americans and British In the west.
This indoctrination, 1t Is reported, mas
produced the expected results, particu-
larly since the forces of Marshal Albert
Kesselring have been successful In keep
ing us from our italian objectives after
seven months of fighting.
Soldiers from all over the Reich, in
cluding some crack divisions from Rus
sia, are being sent to France and Bel
GUM. The garrisons along the Atlantic
wall are being told that failure Of the
Allied offensive in the west would bring
the end of the war. According to Ger
man military propaganda the American
commander -in-chief is not likely to
attempt second invasion II the first
waves are being beaten back.
Under such circumstances, the Rus
slams, having nothing more to gain
since they have recovered their national
territory, would be willing to get out of
the war, the Germans contend. 1t is
said the arguments are being presented
to the German troops in such plau-
sible manner that the morale of the
Germans in Western Europe Is as high
as it was in the earlier stages of the
war. But should the Germans hope
of frustrating our offensive be frus-
trated. it is difficult to believe that there
will be much fighting after the Allies
have gained a number of conclusive
victories. The hard steel" then will
break, and the break in all likelihood
will start at the top.
Evening star., 1944-04-12
Orderly Construction Plans

Representative Stefan'S suggestion
that the Commissioners submit to
the House Subcommittee on District
Appropriations an outline of post
war plans for municipal improve
ments will reveal a construction
program on which considerable
progress already has been made.
The Highway Department and the
Municipal Architect, especially, can
show advanced plans for roads,
bridges and schools. The cost runs
into many millions of dollars and
in some cases the money has been
authorized and already is in hand.
The pending budget, in addition,
includes fund earmarked for post
war construction.
But as Mr.. Stefan himself suggests,
it may not be necessary to withhold
all construction until the end of the
war. His own investigation of GAL
linger and the current recommended
tions by committee of doctors for
improvements in the psychopathic
ward there indicate a need for con-
struction and repair that should not
be postponed Now that so much
has been said about the acute needs
at Gallinger, it would be refreshing
to see the flood of words followed
by appropriations.
An Endorsement by the House
subcommittee of the Commissioners
postwar plans for construction would
be helpful in city planning, especially
If it reflected some agreement as to
the order OF priority, indicating what
comes first. Right now the physical
needs at Gallinger are in the news.
But not so long ago it was the Home
for the Aged and Infirm at Blue
Plains and next month Mrs. Roose-
velt may visit some other municipal
Institution to publicize the need for
new construction there. There are
so many things that ought to be
done that it is hard to know where
to begin. The House Subcommittee
on District Appropriations, Of which
Mr.. Stefan has been such a helpful
member, would make a real con-
trlbution to orderly planning by
listing, in the order of their i'm
portance, the construction needs
which must be met as soon as
material and manpower become
available.
Evening star., 1944-04-12

rounded garrison in Tarnopol, and the
recapture of Delatyn reported in the
German communique of Wednesday,
are all signs pointing in the same direc-
ton.
No doubt the Germans hope to econo-
mlze on manpoWer farther south, where
the line of the Carpathians affords them
far better defensive position than they
have hitherto enjoyed against the Rus
slams anywhere. But the gains must be
more than used up by the absolute ne
ceSSlty of preventing Russian penetra-
ton of Southern Poland In fact, those
gains have been used up already by the
great losses which the German armies
have suffered as result of having held
too long the outlying positions on the
Dnepr and the Bug.
The German policy in Russia should
have been to cut losses, to retire to
shorter lines, and thus to acquire a sur
plus of men for the west. This policy
has not been followed. The men they
Evening star., 1944-04-12
Dorothy Thompson

from the extreme position he has taken
IN the last fortnight, and which has
seemed dictatorial, inside his committee.
and nonco-operatiye with his allies. In
extenuation of Gen. de Gaulle, however.
it must be said that the policy followed
IN practice If not in theory, was bound
to create just his kind of behavior. It
is always mistake to make concessions
only when they are forced by high
handed action. For that is an invitation
to high-handedness.
MIR. Hull also took long step forward
In clearly welcoming progressive gov
ernments in Europe. In this Mr.. Hull
Is making concessions to the critics. We
90 not know whether this is due to the
improved military situation, or to the
approaching invasion, or to what is
manifesting itself in Europe-and has
been all along.
But the reasons are immaterial to the
fact, which is welcome and praise
worthy. The possibility of avoiding
chaos in Europe is in exact proportion
to our capacity to estimate what the
people want. And it is by no means so
difficult to analyze and assess the social
forces operating In occupied Europe, as
our authorities have seemed to think.
1t is, for instance. an obvious fact that
the opposition to Fascism has, in every
country, and without exception, come
from the progressive forces It is in the
course of nature that after the defeat of
Fascism these forces will assume lead
ership. And the extent to which they
can be kept within reasonable bounds
will inevitably be measured by the ex-
tent to which they enjoy sympathy and
support, and for the sake of retaining it
are willing to accept some guidance.
released by The Bell Syndicate Incl
Evening star., 1944-04-12

the need from the outset of French civil
administration-and democratic French
admln1stration-in France. We are dis
posed to see the French Committee of
national Liberation exercise leadership
to establish law and order under the
supervision of the Allied commander in
chief. The committee has given public
assurance that it doesn't propose to
perpetuate its authority 4" = and that it
wishes at the earliest possible date to
have the French people exercise their
own sovereign will. :" = ="
This is the first time that the Presi-
dent or State Department has publicly
recognized the leadership of the French
Committee in Metropolitan France A
detailed plan for exercising that leader
ship as territories became liberated was
presented to our authorities in Decem-
Der, 1943. That plan envisaged that the
committee would be recognized as
purely provisional government only
when it was able to move to Paris, and
only until a Consultative Assembly had
been elected on broad basis of univer-
sal suffrage. including for the first time
women, after which the committee
would tender its resignation,
A dispatch from Algiers on Monday
states "the French were surprised by
the favorable character of Secretary
Hulps illusions to the committee
which makes it clear that if this has
been our consistent policy, we have GER
tainly kept it secret from the committee
1t is now to be hoped that this policy
VIII! DE consistently adhered to and not
Undermined by career diplomacy, in &C
tual touch with the situation. nor sab
otaged by personal likfs or dislikes
sometimes openly expresse$ by people in
high office.
X X
And 1t is also greatly to ne hoped that
as a result Gen. de Gau[:a will retreat
Evening star., 1944-04-12
Trup for Employers

1t is not true that the National
Labor Relations Board and the Su-
preme Court proceed on the theory
that the employer is always wrong.
1t would be, possible, however, on the
basis of some of their rulings, to
make out persuasive argument to
the contrary One of these rulings
was announced this week in the
Medo Photo Supply Corporation
case, in which the employer was
held to be guilty of an unfair labor
practice.
The labor board and the court
found that in June, 1941, Medo rec
ognized labor union as the bar
gaining agent for a group of it's
employees. This was disputed and on
the testimony before the board it
Is questionable that recognition
ever was extended. Be that as it
may, the record shows that before
any contract had been negotiated
with the union as bargaining agent
the employees, of their own volition
and without any suggestion or en-
couragement from the employer,
asked Medo for a conference. The
request was granted and the men
said they wanted to discuss the
union situation" A spokesman for
the employer replied that he would
not discuss union affairs, but that
he would discuss anything else. 1t
Is not clear just what was said, but,
taking the courts own version of
the conversation, the employees
stated that they had no desire to
belong to the union If through their
own efforts they could obtain wage
increases. The management spokes-
man again refused to discuss the
union, but said he would refer the
wage question to the president of
the corporation. Two days later the
wage requests were granted in part
and the management thereafter re-
fused to bargain with the union on
the ground that it did not represent
a majority of the employees.
On this record it seems plain that
what the employees wanted was a
wage increase and that, if possible,
they preferred to get it for them
selves, not through the union Ger
tainly, they took the initiative in
splitting away from the union with
out any prior consultation or en-
couragement from the employer.
Yet the labor board found that they
left the union in exchange for the
wage increase, and held that to be
an unfair labor practice on the part
Of the employer. The majority of
the court, asserting it's unwilling
ness to go behind the boards factual
findings, accepted them in full
Associate Justice Rutledge, who is
by no means reactionary, wrote
sharp dissent. The labor board, he
said, arrived at its conclusions by
lifting portions of the testimony out
Of context. At most the en-
ployer did nothing more than to
accede to the wishes of a clear ma
jority of his employees. There is no
claim or semblance of proof that he
induced the men to make their
request.
The Labor Act, he continued, pur-
ports to be drawn in favor of pro-
tecting the interests of employees,
not those of unions as such Il do
not think Congress intended, by this
legislation, to create rights in unions
overriding those of the employees
they represent. Justice Rutledge
Evening star., 1944-04-12
Letters to The Star
Calls for Agreement Against
individuals Starting Wars.

To the Editor OF The Star:
We are assured by the Secretary of
State that work has begun on the form
and substance of an international Or
ganization to maintain world peace and
prevent future disruption by nations
aggressively inclined.
Presumably, and based upon past ef-
forts to maintain the status quo also
by resolutions which have been adopted
by both houses of Congress, the coming
product will likely take the form of
sanctions" to be first applied to ag-
gresSor nations, to be followed, if found
necessary, by application of co-ordi-
mated international force.
1t seems to this correspondent, who is
only bystander, but who was present
at the demise of the League of Nations,
that all efforts OF past generations to
insure peace have missed the target"
by overlooking the real cause of war
Nations" as such and of their own
volition, do not start aggressive wars.
They have been induced by those who,
through lies and machination, have
worked themselves to the front. gained
power to force their people into un-
wanted war.
Who does not remember the critical
days following Munich; the reported sad
faces of German civilians (whose sons,
husbands, fathers died for naught in
World War ID, when again their armies
were ordered to march against Poland?
Or, who does not remember the days
when the mountebank dictator of Italy
was holding his arm aloft like the
starter at race track, to tell his peace
loving, life-enjoying people that the
time had come to stab France in the
back?
What, it seems to me, is most needed
right now is an international criminal
code, solemnly agreed upon by the Allied
Nations, providing mandatory penalty
of death for the individual who, having
power to prevent war Except in national
defense) does not do so.
WILBUR H. CLOSE
Evening star., 1944-04-12

would choose to abandon Italy. 1t would
be unthinkable to take troops from
Western Europe now One hesitates to
predict what the Germans will do, be-
cause sober military judgment is so often
overruled at Berlin by Hitlerian hysteria
and inspiration" Certainly the gen.
erals of the high command must be
thinking longingly of the Is divisions
locked up in fruitless warfare in Italy.
Perhaps from the German point of
view, it was right to take the chance
that the Anzio landing offered a quick
prestige" victory. But that chance
has gone, snuffed out by the tough re-
sistance of American and British SOL
diers. What have the Germans to gain
by going on fighting in Italy now?
Nothing but increasing risks not only in
Italy, as the weather clears, but else
where on every front where 25 divisions
might make all the difference
1t is especially true of defensive war
that you cannot have everything. If
you were not inferior in force, you would
not be on the defensive. You must make
up your mind where you are going to
stand, and you must ruthlessly give up
everything which is not essential to you.
Who tries to defend everything, ends
by not being able to defend anything"
wrote Frederick the Great.
Report has told us that Adolf Hitler
proclaims himself the reincarnation of
Frederick as well as of Napoleon and
other masters of the art of war But
there does not appear to be much evi-
dence that he has mastered even the
rudimentary principles of the art which
Frederick taught and practiced. He has
tried and is still trying to defend every
thing" The war will be apprecisbly
shortened if he will but continue along
that path Of ruin.
(Copyrisht. 1e44)
Evening star., 1944-04-12

They may explain the new strategy of
the Nazi high command, which appears
to have decided to abandon most of the
territory conquered in three years of
bitter fighting and concentrate on re-
sisting the Allies in Southern and West
ern Europe.
American military observers hold to
the opinion that had it not been for the
immediate threat to the European
fortress" from the south and west the
Germans still would be fighting east of
the Ukraine and at Leningrad.
X
The Allied military operations in Italy
and the threat of a large-scale invasion
OF Western Europe have compelled the
German general staff to revamp its
previous strategic plans and abandon
most, if not all, of Russias pre-1941
territory. From this angle we have
Evening star., 1944-04-12

as could be made
without aiding the
e n e my. Yet the
explanation till
doesn't satisfy those
observers who want
Gen. de Gaulle
given complete free
dom of action no
matter what the ef-
feet may be on our
military operations.
The United States
Is in this war to de-
feat Hitler and rem
der the Nazi regime
poWerless to carry
Evening star., 1944-04-12

morale is very strong
at present, but final
reverses are likely
to break it just as
hard steel breaks
a n d not b e
mended.
1t is probable that
the reports of the
Japan e S e generals
who are in Berlin
and occasionally at
the front are based
not only on their
observations but also
on conver S a t i on S
with their German
collno U,,oc
Evening star., 1944-04-12

oCCCCeu ny lile Ger-
man high command
as q zone of deter
mined resistance.
The G erm a n s
must at all costs
prevent the Rus
slams from exploiting
their achievement in
separating the Ger
man southern and
central army groups.
T h e ir determined
defense of KoWel,
Brody and Stanis-
lau, the stubborn re-
SiStanCe of the sur
Evening star., 1944-04-12

LAcAoAA WAiASlA IL q .
been made by any
body since the be-
ginning of the war.
And, furthermore, it
represents progress.
Because If Mr.. Hull's
considered S t a t e =
m e n t is not a new
approach to foreign
policy, but repre-
sents what it has
been all along, then
it has been more
h on ored in the
breach than the OBJ
Evening star., 1944-04-12
Hull and De Gaulle

Secretary Hull made as plain and
comprehensive an explanation of why
the United States Government doesn't
like the Giraud-De GauIle controversy
Evening star., 1944-04-12

Japanese military observers in Berlin
are said to have used the words hard
steel' in describing the morale of the
German armies. They added that the
Evening star., 1944-04-12
Nazi Resistance Zone

The gap between the Pripet Marshes
and the Carpathian Mountains, to which
attention has previously been invited
IN these articles, seems to have been
Evening star., 1944-04-12
On the Record

Mr.. Hull's expose of foreign policy last
Sunday was welcome and deserves un-
grudging praise. 1t was by far the
clearest statement of the American DO
Evening star., 1944-04-12
Urges Unity of "All Men"
To the Editor of The Star:

10 tne Editor OF The Star:
Wars have been promulgated by hard
ships and cruelties that have faced
many people, but the war that is pro-
mulgated by racial hatred, to my mind.
Is the cruelest. Many different people
nave suffered from these cruelties for
no other reason than being of a race
which has struggled to survive and rise
in spite of all setbacks.
In these United States, such has been
the lot of the rising Negro. He has
progressed in spite of much opposition
strl1e and dlscord. He has proven him
self beyond any douH and is continu-
ing TO mount the ladder of success. He
Is Wllllng TO do more than his share for
democracy, because he has felt the
Whlp OF un-American attitudes and ac-
tivities.
Durlng this crucial period. there is a.
great need for unity, fairness and truth
between the races, white and colored
Il we as a Nation are to survive. Unity
ana peace for all men is the kevnote
of this war.
(MRso CELESTE w. DUCKETTE
Quotes Authorities on Strife.
Gen Allenby, a British commander IN
the First World War, said when it was
over: The glory of conquest is de-
partlng, Its gains are Dead Sea fruit I"
Ien. sherman allegedly confessed that
war was hell" and it's glory moon
SHINE" And President Franklin n
roosevelt declared: Resort to force in
the Great War failed to bring tram
guilty. Victory and defeat were alike
sterile. This the world should have
learned" wv
Just why should any one imagine
Ihat When the present mad struggle
ends the love birds will commence
tWltterlng in Utopian trees and freedom
from everything undesirable be estab
nShed, with milk and honey freely
flowing?
Just who wins a war? Well who
WINS an earthquake?
EDMUND K. GOLDSBOROUGH
Comments on Racial Dispute.
To the Editor of The Star:
am shocked to see the number or
attacks which have been made on orr
coloreo people In the public press re-
cellVly. Persons who ought to know
peCVer are saying things openly which
heretofore have been whispered.
legislator suggests that the colored
people voluntarily return to Africa
Whlte people should remember that orr
colored people did not come here of
thelr own accord but were brought here
III chalnS. LAURA K. POLLOCK
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-01-09
Navy Plans TO Employ
Disabled in Shore Stations

Plans are being formulated by the
Navy Department for the employ
ment of disabled naval personnel
in naval shore stations the Navy an
nounced yesterday. Those injured
to such an extent that their services
cannot be used will be given an op-
portunity to complete their educa-
ton for some other field of useful
ness or be transferred to veterans
administration facilities.
The Navy announced that COM
mandants of all naval districts are
now attempting to channel enlisted
men who are about to be discharged
for physical disability, into civilian
work IN naval shore ACTIVITIES. The
Civil Service Commission is now
maintaining liaison with representa-
tives of the Veterans Employment
Service to bring about this result.
In order to help qualify disabled
men for such employment. Civil
Service physical requirements are
being lowered to permit qualification
of many men.
Private industry also was said to
be coming to the aid of the Navy's
disability cases. The Veterans EN-
ployment Service of the United
States Employment Services inter-
views men about to be discharged for
the purpose of placing as many men
as possible in jobs. Representatives
OF this service are now calling at
naval hospitals and assisting dis
abled patients in making out appli-
cations
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-01-09
IM. G. MiIIicon Heads
Passenger Association

M c. Millican of the Atlantic
Coast Line is the newly installed
president of the Washington Pas
senger Association, succeeding Rus
sell A. Wade of the Burlington Rail-
road.
Other new officers are Harold N.
Eccleston, Santa Fe Railway, first
vice president: William j. Holman,
Canadian Pacific, second vice pres
ident, and P. L. Shank, Norfolk g.
Western, secretary-treasurer. The
Executive Committee includes Mr..
Wade, C. C. Burns. Milwaukee Rail-
road, and Aaron Frank, Baltimore g.
Ohio.
Mr.. Eccleston presided at the in
stallation dinner last week at the
New Colonial Hotel. 1t was an
nounced that life membership had
been conferred on Joseph D. Ma
loney, who retired as travelling pas.
senger agent OF the Santa Fe ir
September.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-01-09
Washington State Neg|eets
War Workers, Report SAYS
Ey the Associated Press

BS the Associated Press
! A House Naval Affairs Subcom-
mittee charged yesterday the State
of Washington with stunning re-
sponsibility in helping its munich
palities meet problems created by
mushrooming war industries and
with taking unfair advantage of
Federal financial assistance extend
ed such areas.
In a report on congested condi-
lions in the war-boom Puget Sound
area, the subcommittee. headed by
Representative lac, Democrat, OF
California, said that although wal
workers imported from all corners
OF the country are truly Federal
citizens and large part of the re-
sponsibility for their care thereby
rests with the Federal Government
the State has an equal responsible
| ity.
1t said congested municipalities
are bearing the brunt of the wal
burden without sufficient financial
assistance from the State. The
State. it added, should make a more
Equitable apportionment of the sales
tax and other tax revenues realized
from greatly expanded purchasing
power.
THE Federal Government is meet
ing its responsibility to these mu-
inequalities, but the State of Wash
lngton is not the report said.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-01-09
War Bond Redemptions
Amount 10 About I Pct.

Redemptions of War Bonds
amount to about per cent of sales,
the Treasury said tonight.
The redemption rate of the series
E bonds-purchased mostly by small
investors-is go per cent, with sales
of s17,500, 100000 and redenptions,
including accrued interest, $780,
100000.
For the three series of War Bonds
e. F and G-sales have aggregated
SIS 600, 100000 and redemptions ST.
1853, 100000. The figures cover the
period from May l, 19z1, to December
81, 1943.
The Treasury offered this explana-
ton for the higher rate of re-
demption of series E bonds: Persons
with limited means who buy bonds
generally acquire only the s25 de-
nomination. and these persons are
the first hit by emergencies that
make 1t necessary to redeem them.