davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-03-11


BUT UNLESS SUCH A DEMO
BILIZATION TAKES PLACE,
THERE WILL BE VERY LITTLE
VALUE IN DE MODELLING
EITHER THE WAR INDUSTRIES
OR THE TEN MILLION MEN
DRAWN INTO THE ARMED
FORCES.
Notwithstanding the FetieeHee- eft
the New Deal, however, the subject
is not to be ignored
II has already been brought to the
attention Of Congress in a forceful
address by Senator H Styles Bridges
of New Hampshire
Discussing the expansion of bu.
reaucracy and the ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Of
executive power as against the legis-
lative and the judicial, Senator
Bridges sud
Congress itself, of course, must
share the blame for the fact that
more and YET more btank-check pow-
ers haze been concentrated in e1ecu-
the hands &c.
CCTHLS body has been hnsty and
occasionally friUoIous in the
eomPiaeeHey t0ith tUhich it reIegated
functions and tied It's olUn hands.
The process of executive concen-
fration OF authority beyond anything
knoUn in the past WaS far and dan
gerously advanced at the time zoe
declared rDar on the Axis.
Since then the exigencieS of tUar
unaUoidably haze accelerated that
process
The uery- circumstance holU-
euer, that the Congress majority has
itself been guilty in this matter
makes it that much more Imperative
FOR CONGRESS TO UNDO THE
MISCHIEF"
That is incontestably true. For.
obviously, neither an entrenched bu
reaucracy nor willful executive can
be expected to dispossess itself.
As Senator Bridges declared,
"Rare indeed is the adrinistro-
tue body that can be left free to fix
its otOn Hfe-sPan.
GGTHE emergency vhich brought
4 it into being SOMEHOW IS
NEVER LIQUIDATED.
an the nature of the case, II
Uould be Iudicrous II zoe left it TO
those IUho Uield maritime authority
to decide rUhen they should giUe it
u D."
The importance of Senator
Bridges speech does not lie IN the
warning he gave that, unless Con
gress does its duty, democracy is
done" in the United States, but
rather in the fact that he has formu
lated A DEFINITE GOVERNMENT
TAI DISQUALIFICATION PRO
GRAM for Congress to follow.
THE prevalent condition has arisen
from four major causes.
First Congress has too fire.
quently extended administrative"
duties to federal agencies without
clearly defined admin ss ttFative stand
ards.
Second Executive departments
and agencies have taken advantage
Of this congressional laxity to
USURP legislative functions.
Third-Emergency powers have
been delegated TO the executive with
out limitation as to either the extent
or the duration Of the emergency
Fourth Vast appropriations
have been granted to the executive
with no restraints upon the eXpendi
lures to be made by him AS conse-
quence, Senator Bridges recounted:
What Ue hare witnessed in
IL
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-03-11
DermObiIizins the NewDeaI

been, in effect, a consistent attempt
by The executive -TO-EEGISLATE
Repeatedly the executive has
sought to accomplish BY ADMINIS-
TRATIVE FIAT results that HAVE
NOT BEEN AUTHORIZED - or
that haze been EMPHATICALLY
REJECTED-by the Congress.
I'VE ARE all arOare of the un-
precedented extent to Dhich
the President has concentrated THE
SPENDING POWER of the goUern-
n1ent in executive hands. What
makes his recent Ueto of the tax iaIU,
and especially the strange language
in rUhich it Uas couched, so signif-
cant and so alarming is that II raises
the danger OF presidential concentra-
ton of The TAXING POWER as
lOett
The greatest danger that con-
fronts the American democratic Sys-
tenn at this time is that poWerS
handed to certain administrative
bodies for definite purposes or for
uUhat zoe thought Were specific pc
RODS of time MAY BE EXERCISED
TOO LONG OR EVEN IN PER
PETUITY."
AS the logical and lawful Correc-
tive for these dangers and evils, Sen
Bridges proposed to Congress:
we must deUote ourselves With-
out delay to the aII-important job of
RETRIEVING the congressional au-
thority that has Been siphoned off.
Calmly but resoIutely zoe must
REeEXAMINE EVERY BLANK
CHECK and set reasonable and
safe limit UPON THE AMOUNT
TO WHICH IT CAN BE DRAWN
6THE teeming commissions and
Il bureaus and administr a III e
offices which batten and fatten on
these snotUbaiiing poWers must :. be
carefully checked by Congress WITH
A VIEW TO THEIR ELIMINA-
TON OF, RIGID REGULATION.
EXECUTIVE POWERS and The
OFFICERS EXERCISING THEM
must be BROUGHT INTO LINE.
They cannot be permitted to RUN
WILD.
each of us knotOs and the coun-
try knoDS that the control of the ma
tons purse strings must remain
firmly in the grip of Congress -.
eve CANNOT PERMIT THIS
PRESIDENT OR ANY PRESi-
DENT :. TO INTRUDE UPON
THE TAXING AND SPENDING
POWERS OF CONGRESS.
"If We are to restore to Congress
the full measure of its constitutional
functions, then il is of particular i'm
portance TO SET A TERM UPON
each and every major porUer Ue haze
delegated to the executive in recent
years.
GeTONGRESS should apply itself
I Without further delay to the
urgent problem of SETTING A
JURIDICAL TERMINUS UPON
ALL WARTIME POWERS. WE
dare not, If zoe Ualue our constitu-
tional government, IeaUe ANY MAR
GINS OF DOUBT or any unctarity
on this matter.
Announcing his own intention OF
sponsoring remedial legislation, Sen
ator Bridges anticipated a defensive
New Deal campaign Of "ridicule, Will
fication. moral abuse" against Con
gress. and the desperate opposition
of every bureaucrat" having a
vested interest in his job and his
power -
He is afraid Of neither prospect.
"The way back to congressional
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-03-11

been, in effect consistent attempt
by The executive -LO-EEGISLATE
!. Repeatedly The executive has
sought to accomplish BY ADMINIS-
TRATIVE FIAT results that HAVE
NOT BEEN AUTHORIZED - or
that haze been EMPHATICALLY
REJECTED-by the Congress.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-03-11

HE nEIH0H-H INNS
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-03-11

If Congress, whether by cOnnlNance
with the executive OF by default, loses the
full force of its law-making functions,
American democracy is finished. am
weighing my words. dare pose the mat
ter sharply because consider the issue
too vital for d0uble-talk and evasion.
What zoe haze witnessed in these
critical years is not simply an attempt OF
the executive to influence and shape legis-
lation Ii has been, in effect, a consistent
attempt by the executive to iegislate.
Through the mechanisms of eXecu-
tive orders, arbitrary edicts by appointve
officials. directiyes flowing in tumutuous
abundance from the various executive
agencies. decisions have been made which
have the force and the function of law.
Repeatedly, the executive has sought to
accomplish. by administrative fiat, results
-th8thaFe h0Ebeen auih0rized-or that
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-03-11

ONE thing that the New Deal does
y net contemplate in IT'S proposals.
for postwar rehabilitation is the de
mobilization OF excessive federal gov
eminent.
BUT UNLESS SUCH A DEMO
BILIZATION TAKES PLA CE
THERE WILL BE VERY LITTLE
VALUE IN DE M BILIZIN G
EITHER THE WAR INDUSTRIES
OR THE TEN MILLION MEN
DRAWN INTO THE ARMED
FORCES.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-03-12

down their cards, like gamblers who
had lost their nerve They demanded
an armistice in "24 hours" They de-
manded, suddenly, a popular govern
ment, thing they and their whole class
had Systematically prevented for years.
They were, suddenly, in need of peo-
pies government that was to take the
responsibility of liquidating war they
had unscrupulously begun-and lost.
In the same way their cousins of to-
Gay, Won Kleist, Won Blomberg, Won
Book and Won Brauchitsch began the
war we are now fighting. For without
the help and urge of the Prussian gen.
eral staff Hitler never would have been
able to enter this war. Only the ag-
gressive and covetous spirit of the
Junker warrior caste, which has for
centuries upheld its power and riches
by beginning new wars, gave the back
bone to Hitler's attacks.
Not until five weeks after the two
dictator-generals Hindenburg and Luz
dendorff, demanded the inglorious sur
render of the army, did mutiny begin
in the navy at Kiel, where some intel
ligent sailors refused to go out to sea
and fight for cause their generals had
already given up.
So little spirit of revolution existed in
Germany when the news of a coming
defeat began to trickle into Berlin that
the labor leaders, some days before the
fight of the Kaiser, prevented proclama-
tons of the slightest revolutionary tinge.
Junkers Saved Own Skins.
AS the German armies, in 1918, were
deeply wedged into enemy country they
might have retired under the pressure
Of the advancing Allies and stood at
their frontiers to defend their country.
Neither Wilson'S promises, nor an in
terror revolution brought about the de-
feat-only the age-old practice of the
Junkers, who preferred to rescue their
estates than to fight for the country.
The big industrialists who had backed
the Junkers in preparing for the war
helped them now to capitulate to the
Allies.
The only man whom November s.,
19l8-publicly demanded general up
rising and preparation for defense-a
levee en- masse-was the Jew Walther
Rathenau, who, four years later, was
murdered by the NaZis.
The only man who committed suicide
on the day of the surrender, because he
could not face the shame of Germany's
downfall, was the Jew Albert BALM,
director-general of the Hamburg Amer
lea Line.
For supporting the royal house, that
had privileged the Junkers for four
centuries, two officers were killed before
their Kings f1ag-two commoners Not
single Junker died for the monarchy
when Germany became republic. The
Junkers and the generals, with their
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-03-12
MAVERICK, SWPC HEAD, MAN OF ENERGY

things in big way. And ahead of him
lies one of the biggest jobs he's ever.
tackled.
OF equal Importance with his know
how and boundless energy is the fact
that Maverick came to his new post with
deep and sincere interest in the small
businessman. He had, as the saying
goes, been one himself-a lumberman
He had always fought for the underdog,
and this job was cut to his lathe.
Little Peoples Corporation"
He is fond of bringing this fact home.
Not long after he assumed his new
duties early this year, he described his
agency as the little peoples corpora
tion," and joyously defined little busi-
ness" as any business which cannot
hire lobbyist in Washington"
1t is too early, of course, to assess
Mavericks concrete accomplishments
with the Smaller War Plants Corp, but
IN view of his record of independence
and assertiveness his sympathy with the
little guy and his progressive but
realistic political philosophy, the outlook
is promising.
He is quick to point out that the cor
poratiOn is the only war agency set up
by act of Congress, the others being eX-
ecutlVe creations, and he adds happily
that the Smaller War Plants Act was
enacted as a nOnpartiSan measure, haV-
ing been passed by both branches of
Congress without a dissenting vote on
June II, 1912. AS head of an independ-
ent agency, Maury has plenty of elbow
room for freedom of act, and in this re-
Spect he fully exercises his prerogatiVeS.
Purpose OF the SWPC, he has pointed
out, is to enable the largest number of
small business concerns to make mill
tary and essential civilian goods to
the greatest extent possible This is &C
compllshed by going to bat for them
with the various procurement offices,
by actual financial assistance and by
general advisory service
His basic views dovetail so nicely with
his duties that in talking he is apt to
lump the two together. we are for
free enterprise and the American sys-
tenn he declared land we are against
cartels, dividing markets, against trusts
and the cutting down of production in
order TO keep up prices. Restricting
production through monopolies would
restrict small enterprise-or kill it," 8.
He faVors decentralization of indus
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-03-12

continue like run in woman's
stocking.
A heavy sea, strong enough to start
split athwart a ships deck may shove
and twist the boat so violently that the
split continues over the gunwales and
dWon the sides, eventually cutting the
boat in two.
Taking the Maritime Commissions
rough figures of 1000 Liberties in serv-
ice-45 of which have developed struct-
ural defects, including four lost because
of them-the percentages work out at
2.25 per cent developing defects, with
two-tenths of per cent lost.
Riveted ships break twice as often,
with correspondingly high losses, the
commission says.
Representative Magnuson, Democrat,
of Washington reports that one Liberty,
the S. S. Chief Washable, was launched
with a 2-foot split which had been
daubed full of putty and painted over
with red lead. In Alaskan waters the
Washable wrenched open other splits.
Her master, Capt. Charles c. Graham,
brought her into Seattle with heavy
chains running fore and aft on the fore
deck to keep her bow from breaking off.
Quotes Captains Views.
Magnuson quotes another captain.
August Eckholm, master on two Liber-
ties which developed cracks, as saying
that Liberty ships were not strong
enough longitudinally, that these ships
stand on the crest of wave, with both
ends shaking like jelly"
But the Maritime Commission pro-
duces fstfuls of tribute to the Liberty
from masters and engineers who have
sailed it. A few:
S. S. Blackhawk: Performed better
than any ship we have sailed"
S. S. John M. Clayton: after 81 years
at sea I can say there is not better
ship built. Good welding job,
as we have had no cracks"
S. S. James Smith, torpedoed in con-
voy: After end of ship was complete
wreck; large holes in deck make it look
like perforated tin can" Towed in and
repaired the Smith got a new master
who reports:
"A sturdy hull Has with
stood all kinds of weather and torpedo
ing and still has no cracks or leaks.
She's rough, tough customer
I'm proud of her"
Distributed by Associated Press.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-03-12

(This is the second in series OF
weekly articles By Emil Ludpig, in
ternationaLy famous German-born
historian, biographer and student of
1Dorld affairs, no1U living in the United
States. Mr.. LudaOig is the author OF
"Napoleon," "Bismarck,' Goethe"
"Genius and Character" "Hinden-
burg" "Stalin," "The Nile" etc.
Twice in little more than a century
the militant Germans were beaten in
the west, and twice they delivered their
country into the hands of their enemy
without defending it.
Both times the military leaders were
Prussian Junkers-as they are today.
Only few German generals have come
from the common people, such as
Butcher and Scharnhorst-or Rommel
today-and they were, and are, the
best leaders. But the decisive element,
in the past and today, has been the
spirit OF the Prussian general staff, for
many centuries the initiator of Ger
many's wars of conquest
Fortune, we know, does not always
smile on courage and efficiency. Victory
does not always fall into the nobler
PERSONS hands, or into the hands of the
nobler nation. But when a nation.
emlnently aggressive and successful in
its aggressions, has several times given
up the fight when the moment came to
defend its own soil-as the French de-
Tended France in 1914, and as the
Russians have done now-we must seek
the reason in some structural weakness
of character.
Expects Capitulation.
The German character did not change
fundamentally between the time of
Napoleon and World War I. Why should
we suppose that it has changed between
World War I and II? 1 believe, there
fore, that We shall witness the same
drama all over again-the Germans will
give up their country suddenly, without
defending it.
When. in 1906, Emperor Napoleon
prepared his campaign against Prussia,
he knew and made use of the pur-
chasable cowardice of the German
princes and he seduced them to betray
their countrymen by promising them
land he had stolen from their neighbors.
He catered to their covetousness and
also their vanity by giving the title of
king to some of the dukes and
Kurfursten* Some years after these
princes had deserted the German cause
the last Hapsburg monarch laid down
the imperial crown of Germany and,
in this act, put an end to millennium
old empire.
Instead of uniting to chase the invader
from their soil the western princes
hurried to Paris and waited meeklv in
the dictators anteroom to trade with
him in anti-German contracts. When
he invaded Germany in 1906, in his war
against Prussia, Napoleon had Is Ger
man princes in his lines and some
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-03-12
(See JUNKERS, Page C-3.)
By James d. White.

Hard words are being said about the
Liberty ship, the plodding, mass
produced freighter that carries a lot
OF America to war
The Senate War Investigating Com
mittee, under Senator Truman, Demo-
crat, of Missouri is looking into it's record,
which includes four ships lost out of five
which have broken in half in rough
seas
The Maritime Commission says about
1000 Liberties have been put into serv-
Ice, among which about As have de-
Veloped what are called major struc-
tural defects"
This means that somewhere on the
400-foot Liberty hull steel splits have
opened across spot of vital Importance
from the standpoint of keeping the ship
all in one piece in the violent life a
Liberty often leads
Senator Wallgren, Democrat, of WASH
ington, member of the Truman group
told subcommittee hearing in New
York that the Government ought to
cancel contracts for about 600 Liberties
still to be built, and concentrate on
faster ships to which the Maritime Com
mission already is shifting ship produc-
ton.
He doesn't want any more Liberties
converted to troop carriers or hospital
ships.
65 Developed Trouble.
j. Lyell Wilson of the American Bu-
reau of Shipping, testified at the hear
ing that some As ships in all had de-
veloped structural failures. But he
minimized their relative Importance.
He said the quickly built Liberty had
been the salvation of the wartime ship
building program.
The Maritime Commission estimates
that Liberties have been produced twice
as fast as riveted ships could have been
built
Wilson testified that repaired
Liberty ship is better than new because
the stresses which caused the failure
are removed
The commission reports that II men
have been lost as a result of Liberty
failures. All IL were in lifeboat which
put off from the sinking halves of the
S. S. John P. Gaines in heavy Alaskan
seas. They disappeared in fog
A Liberty lend-leased to the Russians,
the S. S. Valery Chkalov, broke in two
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-03-12
By Edloard A. Harris.

When burly baSS-voiced Maury Nav
erlck OF Texas was selected early this
year to head the Smaller War Plants
Corp, a murmur Of appreciation could
he heard all the way from Capitol Hill
to the big White House at 1000 Penn
sylvania avenue. From past experience
the murmurers knew what to expect as
Maury charged in with his usual rollick-
ing gusto-and they expected the best.
For one thing, they knew that Maury
was better equipped than the two pre-
ceding board chairmen, Lou E. Holland
Of Kansas City and Robert w. johnson
Of the Eastern surgical supplies family,
both of whom dropped the steering
wheel after short trial runs.
For Maverick knows all the front por-
tails and back alleys of the Nations
Capital. Having spent half his life in
public service, he has learned how to
circumVent red tape, how to sidestep
slow or contrary officials He is we'll
versed in the gentle art Of cocktail
small talk the tidbit social chatter that
smooths the way for receptive ears in
Congress and Government agencies the
next day.
Phone Rings necessarily.
The redoubtable Maury, who is 48
years old and tips the scales at 22O
pounds, arrives at his Office each day at
7:30 in the morning and usually stays
until $780, working at his large, neat
desk in his Shirtsleeves. He has a dicta-
phone at his home and often knocks off
letters and memoranda in the compare
tive leisure of his living room until mid
night.
His Office telephone rings necessarily,
and in the hurly-burly of activity he
sometimes is so pressed for time that
he shouts dictation to his secretary in
an adjoining Office, to save the few Sec
onds it would take her to walk to his
desk.
But If his Office scene is unorthodox.
Maury has method in his madness. His
associates, secretaries and assorted func-
tionarieS-and even his colleagues on
the War Production Board, OF which is
IS also vice chairman-are impressed by
his industry and effectiveness no less
than they are amused by his antics and
unorthodoXles. For Maury, the nom
conformer. has "savvy." He goes at
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-03-12

fLQSL treeE MISS ATne lOtu HOU LHc
national debt may be used to help
maintain Americas economic balance
during the early period OF postwar
adjustment. In the follo,oing article
she takes up the similar, but far
more-dificult- to-control, aspects OF
public sauings.)
Millions of Americans who have piled
up 86la billions of dollars in savings are
the big postwar question mark. To a
larger extent they will hold the fate Of
the country in their bank books and
lock boxes
Most of them probably think the fate
of the country lies with the Govern
ment, the banks or the boss
But actually, right now, Government,
the banks and boss are cycling the bank
book and War Bond owners with the
same apprehension as the inspector
opening a package suspected of con-
tanning bomb.
Why?
Three Courses Open.
Because the bank book owners can
choose among three postarmistice
paths, and whichever they choose the
country will travel. Here they are:
l. Def1ation-Dropping prices, Detroit
auto plants closing, and with them,
Toledo glass works, Akron tire plants,
Rochester shoe factories-and farmers
with few places to sell their wheat and
pork.
2. Inf1ation-Price skyrocketing, peo-
pie rushing to buy before production can
meet demand, paying $40 for IS arti-
Gle; factories running out of raw ma
terials, buying and selling at jumping
prices; people selling Government bonds
to buy common stock, and the Govern
ment borrowing at increasing interest
rates-and, finally, fioppo for the whole
crazy spiral
3. Or, the middle way-Governmen
swinging big stick to knock out both
specters or a voluntary display of in
100000 Americans who didn't act
that way the last time they had a
chance, back in the 20s.
Government, the banks and the boss
are getting the big stick ready.
154 Billion Income.
This year we'll have 154 billion dol
lars of income. After taxes and War
Bonds, and after we've bought all of the
peacetime goods produced and pre-
sumably we do, because there's so little
to buy there's still an estimated 10
billion dollars floating around looking
for something to buy.
Suppose we spent that margin and
the 861a billions right after the war.
1t could drive prices up pronto so cents
on the dollar.
What's holding us back? Will we
drop our wartime sobriety the minute
the rising sun sets? If so, we could
really stage spree. Our dollars would
scarcely crawl as far as 50-cent piece
goes today.
If imitation of our war-swollen econ
omy seems about to engulf us after the
war, some of the same safety devices
which are holding us back now can be
used, and there are Others
l. Price control Under ceiling prices
now we get 1--WE hope) something like a
$40 hat for $40. That situation is not
perfect, but it could be worse. If we sud-
denly start to spend without price con-
trolls, we'll get $40 hats for $40 unless
hat production could suddenly double
Price control also means we have $40
left after we get the hat.
Well need the money. Many will be
out of work while factories convert from
war to peace. Many jobs will just be
eliminated There are five to seven