davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1944-05-05
This Changing World
By Constantine Byovn

whenever we think Of the stern opposi-
ton met In our attacks on IN important
objective We must conclude that the
Luftwaffe still is Q strong weapon.
This surprising situation brings up the
question Of how the Germans can man
age to replace their losses when their
factories, particularly those connected
with the aviation industry, have suf-
fered 20 much punishment. Specialists
such ~ Gen. H. H. Arnold, commander
Of the Army Air Forces, were convinced
according to their own statements
that by the beginning Of May, German
aviation would be reduced to skeleton
.orce.
The State Department and the Brit
ish Foreign Once, IN order to facilitate
the task Of our sviators, have sent
strong notes to neutral governments
such as Sweden, Turkey and Spain, In
an attempt to cut on the Germans raw
materials and Of parts vital to their
aviation industry. So far this has not
had any appreciable effect on the out
put Of the enemy's factories. According
to aerial photographs, the Reich's prin-
cipal plane plants are In ruins. Yet
from the observations Of our aviators
the Naxis still havs modern planes
which they throw into battle against NJ
whenever necessary.
= y
As . result. many quarters support
the prewar reports that the Germans
had established not only underground
hangars, but factories Is well. Accord
ing to reports which came out Of Ger
many before 1939-and which many
military quarters regarded as propa-
ganda-the Reich had constructed un-
derground factories where essential
plane parts were being built. The parts
were taken to larger assembly plants,
also underground.
While the output Of such factories
cannot be as large a. that Of the or.
dtnary factories, 1t seems that 1t Is sum.
cient to produce enough planes for de.
fensive purposes.
It Is recalled In this connection that.
while in 1910 the Luftwaf1e was nu-
mer1cally far superior, the RAJ was able
to put OF an efficient resistance with q
smaller number Of planes at q time
when Britain's industries were under
terrific attack by Nax planes and sup
port from the United States was
negligible.
The existence Of underground fac
tories appears to be the answer to the
puzzltns question Of why the Luftwaffe
stu - force to be reckoned with and
stin might be In . position to delay the
Evening star., 1944-05-05
Puy for Leoye

The Civil Service Commission has
offered q worthwhile proposal In
asking Congress for legislation to
pay Federal and District employees
for accrued annual leave when they
are separated from the service, or,
In the event Of death, to make the
money payable to survivors.
Under the present system. en-
ployes leaving the Government must
be retained on the payroll until any
leave due Is exhausted in order to
get compensation. This results in
extra clerical work, and, as the COM
mission points out in letter to
Congress, often serves to handicap
an agency which cannot hire a re-
placement until the employe who is
only nominally attached to the es-
tablishment, actually is cut of the
rolls.
There also is an element of dis
elimination in the case OF death, for
an estate can not collect for the
leave lawfully due an individual.
Since the Government went on a
war basis, many employees have been
prevented from taking leave because
Of administrative restrictions and
the need for manpower, and in con-
sequence, often have substantial
amounts to their credit, when their
service is terminated. To permit the
payment proposed would cost the
Government nothing additional, ex-
cept In those instances where the
employe died, and the estate re-
ceived money for the leave that
otherwise would have been uncom-
pensated.
Employe organizations favor the
legislation, and President Roosevelt
also has indicated his approval.
Early action by Congress is desirable.
Evening star., 1944-05-05
Back to the Infantry
From the Fort Scott Tribune.

<rom ne Fort Scott Tribune
After Casino became mass Of rubble
from h1story's most concentrated aerial
nombardment, 1t Is the infantry that
stlll has to slug its way yard by ward to
victory in tough, hard lighting. IT'S
still the ground forces who must he
counted on for the flnal victory punch.
II the italian campaign is q sample Of
the bigger invasion of Europe yet to
come. there cannot be too much ques-
ton now as to how it must be achieved
BY hard-hitting ground forces. II h.
the answer, moreover, to the frequent
questioning Of Army demands for more
men.
Before the war is over, the military
leaders may be getting some criticism
.ol utllzlng Is large percentage of
men In the air and other special f,obt,n.
forces and for not having enough man
on the ground to fight as wars haye
always been fought and won.
Evening star., 1944-05-05

The Allies devastating day and night
attacks on German-hel territories have
q twofold purpose.
The first is to reduce the Reich's
industrial potential to q minimum on
the theorys that no country without 4
powerful industry can wage war for .
long time.
The second purpose is to reduce the
Luftwaffe to such an extent that the
Allies present air superiority will turn
into definite air supremacy, without
which the forthcoming western inva-
sion might become q hazardous affair.
Airmen are attacking vital enemy
centers in the hope Of coercing the
Luftwaffe INTO battle, but 50 far with
little SUCCESS. The Germans prefer to
fight the swarms Of Allied planes which
raid their territory and the invasion
zone with antiaircraft guns and allow
their fighters to engage US only when
we attack some vitally important area.
In the last 10 days there has been only
one real air battle over Berlin and in It,
according to an oficial cofnmunique, we
lost 63 bombers and destroyed 100 enemy
fighters.
The Allied high command believes the
German high command ID nursing q
best It can the Luftwaf1e for D-day.
The Nazis know the Allies must count
on air supremacy before launching q
fuu-scale invasion. And so long Is the
German air force comprises more than
5000 planes we will not have this
needed supremacy. According to latest
reports the Germans have concentrated
about 10000 ground troops In Western
Europe. The size Of the Allied invasion
army is military secret, but we prob
ably do not possess an overwhelming
superiority Of manpower, considering
the fact that an invasion force should
be at least twice as large as the defend
ing force.
It the enemy's aviation Is reduced to
an insignificant force the position of
the landing forces Is much easier. An
attack by troops well protected by
planes has demoralizing effect on the
enemy who sees no planes Of its own in
the air. This was amply proved when
the armies of our present associates
were defeated In short time by the
Germans, principally because they
lacked air cover.
The Allied commanders are puzzled
over the fact that in spite Of the heavy
assaults against the Reich we have not
yet been able to destroy the Germans
air arm. According to our ofncial COM
muniQues, Nazi air losses In the last six
months must have been formidable. Yet
Evening star., 1944-05-05
Doqwood

Representative A. Willis Robertson
OF Virginia has proposed that the
white dogwood be adopted" as the
national flower of the United States
Known to botanists as Cornus
florida, the beautiful growth to
which he refers already is the
official blossom of his native Com
monwealth. Its choice by the Legis-
lature of the Old Dominion allegedly
was due to the fact that it Is found
upon the summit Of the highest
mountain In the area it symbolizes
Whether or not the most familiar
dogwood Is to be seen on the upper
reaches Of the Rockies may be q
matter of debate, but there is no
question about it being distributed
along the highland chains of Mexico
and Peru. It also is listed in Canada
and likewise occurs in Alaska. Not
killed by cold, neither is it destroyed
by the sun. It prospers in Florida
and in Texas as well as in Maine and
Montana. More than forty different
species are distinguished, including
the Cornus sanguinea Of Europe, "a
shrub of remarkable beauty In
autumn owing to the deep redness
Of its foliage"
Virgil tells Of javelins of cornell
wood which pierced the body Of
Polydorus, the favorite son Of Priam,
King Of Troy, killed by Achilles.
Another ancient story, related by
Pausanias, explains that when the
Greeks wantonly cut down the dog
wood trees on Mount Ida, Apollo
was displeased and they placated
him by instituting q festival in his
honor at Lacedaemonia. In Latin
mythology, It Is reported that Romu-
lus, desiring to enlarge the boun-
daries Of Rome, hurled his cornell
spear into the air with all his force
and strength. The weapon fell on
the Palatine Hill and from its handle
grew q 1ine large tree, "foreshadow-
ing the greatness Of the future
empire"
Evening star., 1944-05-05

scribe secrecy. On that ground he was
informed by the resident general In
Itnis. Admiral Esteva, that, ung,larded-
~, he had set in motion all Nan and
Fascist spies. Then Derrten Cancelled
the directions already signed by him
with the idea that he had better move
more cautiously.
- y Il
A fateful regression it was. Admiral
Platon, who was . fanatic In matters Of
collaboration, appeared on the scene.
ne urged Esteya and Derrien to Join
the Axis In battle on the argument that
Anglo American "aggression" must be
held to have automatically cancelled
the orders previously given for acuttlins
the fleet.
The Important point to have in mind
y that Platon had no business to IN
terfere.
The Minister Of the Navy v.s
Admiral Auphan, . friend Of Dsrlan
vino, IN the tuncture, seems to have kept
silent.
As Secretary Of State in the vichy
government. Platon had nothing to do
with naval affairs. Yet the rawlings Of
that man impressed Esteva and Derrien
BY the standard which vichy itself had
set-blind execution Of Petains Will
Derrien, therefore, is ut fault. He
swerved from the vichy discipline. And.
at the very moment he was turning 1
deaf ear to the calls Of Darlan because
IN his Judgment the latter was breaking
with that discipline.
Estsva and Derrien cut q pitiful figure.
Esteva, sanity man, had no other
ambition than retire to the Ho1sar. in
the heart Of the Saharx Desert. and
i've there the life Of . hermit in the
style OF Father De Foucaud.
The new France In the making In not
IN q mood to condone such deeds. The
dynamics Of resistance ask for stern ana
swift pylnishment. "'A~
Evening star., 1944-05-05
The Southern Revolt

Hope is said to spring eternal in
the human breast. But for those
who have been cultivating predic-
tions of Southern revolt this year
against the New Deal even a super
fetal analysis of the Florida and
Alabama primary results reveals
barren soil. There has been no
more fortnight or faithful expo
nent of the New Deal in the Senate
than Pepper of Florida, and II there
Evening star., 1944-05-05
The Admiral's Crime
By PerfiNax.

Admiral Derrien, formerly maritime
prefect at Bizerte, will be put on trial
next week, and military sources in touch
with North African affairs expect
death sentence to be passed. Among
the i've members Of the military tri-
bunal there are admirals or lligh-rank-
Ing naval officers and two are profess
sional judges borrowed from the ap-
peals courts at Algiers or Rabat,
Normally admirals would deal len
iently with brother In arms. But the
main charge brought against Derrien
Is so serious as to make 1t next to i'm.
possible to save him.
Derrien Is accused Of having sur
rendered to the Germans some i've units
OF the French fleet about . week after
Americana and British landed In North
Africa. The standing orders to which
he was bound to conform standing
orders long before issued from Vichy-
made 1t plain that the French warships
had to be scuttled II the Germans at
tempted to seize them.
k*x%
On that principle, the main French
squadron ~ Toulon went to the bottom
On November AZ, 1912. Indeed, Admiral
90 y Borde, In command there, might
have done better: 1t was open to him
to take to sea and preserve some Of his
ships. At any rate, he avoided the
worst.
In Bizerte, however, the standing
orders were disregarded. The Germans
were allowed to board the ships and
use them. And still more easily than
De Il Borde might have done, Derrien
could have transferred those ships to
the Allies.
The story is all the more disconcertins
because at the outset Derrien arrived at
the decision which the national interest
clearly dictated. He instructed his men
70 resist Germans and Italians, and he
was not even careful anoroh 70 w..
Evening star., 1944-05-05
Bombing Patterns

The tremendous scope Of the Al
lied air offensive against Hitler's
European Fortress" especially in
its intensified phase of the past
three weeks. logically suggests that
it Is the initial move in the projected
Allied invasion. It certainly is a
crucial test of the role of the air
plane in contemporary warfare, be-
cause during the past year of Allied
aerial superiority over Western
Europe and the Mediterranean,
every phase of air bombing has been
emphasized, successfully or in COM
bination.
Despite the amazing technical
progress Of aeronautics and its ap-
piled achievements since 1899, this
very new branch of modern science
still is considered to be in its in
fancy, and its applications to war
fare consequently are still in the
experimental stage. During the
decade before the war, military
thought on the subject was pre-
dominantly conservative. The air
plane was considered generally as an
integral part Of the war machine,
closely co-ordinated to ground oper-
ations. The German Luftwatfe GER
tainly was built up that way and
proved its efficacy In the "tank-
plane" combination which 50 largely
was responsible for the overrunning
OF Western Europe in 1910. It is
interesting to note that the Russians
have stuck to that concept and still
use their air arm chiefly in co-ordi-
nation with the ground forces.
However. there was a rival school
OF thought, first elaborated by Giulio
Douhet, the Italian general with the
French name. He stressed the DOS
sibility Of a quick knockout Of the
enemy from the air, partly by dis
rupting the communications and
partly by paralysis Of civilian life
and morale. This theory was tested
by the Luftwaffe in 0oering's "blitz"
campaign against Britain in the
autumn and winter Of 1910. It has
been tried again during the past
two years by the RAF against Ger
many with growing American sup
port. This second experiment has
been on scale 80 much greater and
more prolonged than Goerings
"bhtz" that 1t has not decisively
been disproved. Nevertheless, the
weight OF evidence indicates that
Germany neither can be militarily
disrupted, economically paraiyzed
nor psychologically shattered from
the air alone. The emphasis there
fore has been increasingly shifted
to other bombing patterns, less
strategic and more tactical In char
acter. During the past fortnight
especially. the targets have been
progressively concentrated on the
system Of defense in depth" ex-
tending from the actual invasion
coasts" Of Western Europe and the
Mediterranean to the network Of
German communication lines and
airfields which lie behind and from
which counterattacks normally
would be launched to wipe out
invasion beachheads before these
could be extended and consolidated.
The latest reports from London
suggest notable measure Of sue
cess In this disruptive process. But
the ability Of the Germans to repair
damage rapidly has been 50 clearly
shown IN Italy and elsewhere that
the net result cannot be evaluated
easily. Perhaps only the actual test
OF the invasion can give the final
oy.cxynr
Milford chronicle., 1944-02-04
Greenwood Soldier
Killed In Italy
Private Raymond Smith Was Slain
On Armistice Day

One Delaware man has been kill
ed and another wounded in the
fighting in Italy, according to Army
casualty lists.
Private Raymond Smith, % years
old, of Greenwood, was killed in
Italy last November IL.
The wounded soldier is Pfc. c.
David Wiberg. 80 years old.
A third man from the Delaware
area, Aviation Radioman, second
class, John Frederick Werner,
whose wife. Mrs. Christine Werner,
lives at 202 Avenue B. Garney's
Point. N. j., is reported missing by
the Navy Department.
Private Smith, son of Mr.. and
Mrs. William Smith. farmers, re-
siding south of Greenwood on Route
13. was inducted about year ago
and was sent overseas last summer.
He was educated in the Seaford
schools near where the family
worked a farm before going to the
Greenwood section about three
years ago. He was employed at
farming. Word of his death was re-
eeived by the family in a telegram
shortly before Christmas.
Turn to Page 8. Pleasel
Milford chronicle., 1944-02-04
Lincoln Al
Girl Started
Natl Program
Betty Strahle Parker Is
Credited With Begin
ming Drive To Con-
serve Livestock.

The National Livestock Conser-
vation Program, which this year
will play an important part in get
ting highest possible food pro-
duction from the short feed sup
plies available, developed from the
suggestion of a Delaware All Club
member.
In 1912, Betty Strahle Parker of
Lincoln, as Delaware's All Farm
and Home Account winner for that
year, was key speaker at the In
ternational Harvester Banquet at
the All Club Congress in Chicago.
In her discussion she stressed saw
ing livestock to save feed. Death of
an animal means total loss of a
big investment of feed, and an I'M
healthy animal uses feed ineffi-
ciently, requiring more per unit of
food production than average. Rep
resentatives of meat packing COM
panies and other industries attend
ing the banquet decided it was
good idea, and organized a national
program for developing it. with
DR.. Fred w. Leinbach of the Uni
versity of Maryland in charge. This
year the program will be one of
the important factors contributing
to increased food production.
Milford chronicle., 1944-02-04
Association Held Annual
Meeting Last Satur-
day; Group Entertain
ed State Leaders.

Talks by Delaware's government
Representatives featured the after
noon session of the annual meeting
of the Del-Mar-Va Press Associa-
tion last Saturday at the Hotel
dupont. Among the special guests
were U. S. Senator c. Douglass
Buck, U. S. Representative Earle
d. Wiley. Governor Walter W.
Bacon, and Gerrish Gassaway. man
ager of the Wilmington Chamber of
Commerce.
They spoke at a reception and
luncheon served by the News
Journal Company. following bust
ness session in the morning. Among
the guests were members of the
Maryland Press Association, in
Guiding Leo NJ. Moore of Havre de
Grace, Md. a former president.
Members of the Del-Mar-Va Press
Association were invited to attend
the others annual meeting tomor-
row. February 5. from 10:3O a. m.
until p. m, at the Emerson HO-
Turn to Page 8. Pleased
Milford chronicle., 1944-02-04
Bond Rally At
Houston Next
Governor w. w. Bacon
VIII Be Present And
Speak; SIS, 900 Is The
Goal Set.

1t was announced today by Sem
atOr Robert H. Yerkes, chairman of
the Houston War Bond Sale Com
mittee that his Excellency Walter
w. Bacon, Governor of Delaware,
would be the guest speaker at the
Fourth War Bond Rally at Houston
Community Building next Wednes-
day evening. February 9, at eight
O'Clock.
Assisting Senator Yerkes in ar
ranging the program are Wilbur
Jump, director of the bond sales
in the rural area; Francis G. Simp-
son, an official of Libby, McNeill
and Libby: Mrs. Elizabeth w.
Daugherty, Postmaster ]. B. Coun-
selman, Walter Wharton, princi-
pal of Houston schools; Harold
Lynch, Miss Betty Prettyman, All
club leader, and Mrs. Ethel John
son.
One feature of the evening will
be 10-minute play by the Cardi-
nal All Club. directed by Miss
Milford chairman for
Kent county. Wallace F. McFaul,
also will be present.
Houston in previous drives has
gone over the top with colors fly
ing, and hopes to reach and sur
pass its quota of $25 900 next We'd
nesday evening.
CTurn to rage 8. PIease)
Milford chronicle., 1944-02-04
Synthetic Tires To
Be Ready Soon
Most Essential "A" "B"
Card Holders Entitled
To New Rubber

The most essential" low-mile-
age motorists will be eligible for
new synthetic tires some time this
month.
That does not mean a big new
supply of tires, a high government
authority explained this week.
Quotas of local rationing boards
will remain about the same with
some 100000 tires available for
March and the boards must deter
mine how essential is the driving
of an applicant with an A or B
card.
The mileage ration basis will be
eliminated. Presently only motor
lists in essential jobs or car sharers
who are allowed to drive more than
COL miles a month are allowed new
tires.
All that others can get are pre-
war used and recapped tires. The
Washington Post reported that sup
ply as reduced to merely a
Milford chronicle., 1944-02-04
Congressman Says Many
Will Not Know Who
Candidates Are If
Names Are Not Car
ried On Ballot.

Representative Earle d. Wiley
tR-DeD charged that the proposal
to furnish blank ballots to persons
in military service will deprive
many of them of an opportunity to
vote for particular individuals of
their choice, during a recent ad-
dress to the House of Representa-
tives.
He contended that in many cases
the names of candidates will not
be known to those in the military
service, unless they appear on the
ballots.
Representative Willey's remarks
follow:
MIR. Speaker, l have heard the
statements made upon the floor of
the House recently that the 1912
soldier-vote bill was a failure for
the reason that only $4,000 service
men voted under the law in the
various states. The same sentiment
has been expressed by very high
officials and the same reason has
been given for the conclusion
reached.
Cites Other Factors
"As l occupied the Office of secre-
tary of state in one of the states
during the fall of 1912 and thus
had charge of the administration of
the federal law that was approved
on September 16. 1912, am inclin-
ed to question the reason which
has been given for the so-called
failure of the 1912 war-ballot law.
1t will be noted that only about
one and one-half months elapsed
between the approval of the act
and the election date in November.
Also, it will be noted from the ex-
of the law that postal
card applications for absentee bal
lots were to be made available in
the various Army camps and used
by the soldiers to apply for ballots.
We received applications for ballots
Turn to Page 8. PieaseI
Milford chronicle., 1944-02-04
Step Up Tempo Of
Milford Bond Drive
Cooperation OF EUery Citizen Living In Milford
Community Is Asked To Enable Milford To
Reach $SOO.OOO Quota; Letter From IrlOin Bur-
ton Has Spured Workers TO Greater Effort.

Co-chairmen of the Fourth War
Bond Drive in Milford, NJ. Haswell
Pierce representing the Sussex side
of the city and Wallace F. McFaul
the Kent side. stated today that the
drive was gaining momentum. and
dozens of new workers were join
ing and were expected to join the
ranks of worker-salesman this
week and next, but the goal of
SS00,000.00 was still far from be-
ing reached and the cooperation of
every citizen living in the Milford
community was needed. to put Mil
ford over the top.
According to Messrs. Pierce and
McFaul the letter of appeal for
more local bond sales received by
the Chamber of Commerce last
week from former Milfordian and
chamber president. Irwin G. Burton,
now working for Eastern Aircraft
Division of General Motors Corpor-
alton, Baltimore, which plant is
working "a hours a day turning out
the famous 'Avenger" torpedo
bomber. has done much to accel-
crate bond sales here.
The members of the Motor Corps
Milford chronicle., 1944-02-04
Early Spring Is
Feared By Farmers
Sudden Frost May Kill
Premature Budding
Of Plants, Trees

Delaware farmers this week ex-
pressed fear of the effect of poss-
ible frosts on their crops. as the
result of the current warm weather
wave.
The unseasonably warm weather,
combined with spring rain" left
farmers and gardeners in Delaware
with the major problem.
While the rain was making up
for previous deficiency in mois-
ture, its unreasonable conspiracy
with the sun caused tree and shrub
buds to swell and fruit trees to
start reaching the blossoming
stage.
This was called dangerous, since
a continuation of the warm wea-
ther would force the buds to open
and leave them subject to the
danger of killing frosts.