davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-01-09
JAPS STRIVE TO RETAIN OUTHEAST ASIA GAINS

trees of bark-a procedure that ruins
the trees.
The second phase of japanese strategy
in these areas is two-fold:
l. To organize the Indonesians against
the Allies to S low up and increase the
cost of counteroffensives, and
2. Establish psychological If not
physical foothold in these areas for
future Japanese comebacks.
The Dutch note that the pattern the
japanese have followed in organizing
the natives has moved generally from
west to east-in other words, the jap
anese have made their first political
concessions" in the areas most likely to
be attacked first.
These concessions came at about the
same time as the independence" granted
to the Burmese and the Filipinos.
Actually the first-and among the
most ningless-concessions to the
Indonesians were made in Java, where
the japanese chose native representa-
tives to advise" the military govern
ment.
And, significantly, the first concessions
made in Sumatra, the big island nearest
Lord Louis Mountbatten's military.
naval and air bases in India, were made
In the Province Of Atjeh at the north
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-01-09
BY Richard L. Stokes.

Free exchange of international news
was a plank omitted from the Atlantic
Charter and a cause which the United
States abandoned without murmur at
Versailles. Today it is beginning to be
recognized as one of the most vital
issues which the next peace conference
will have to determine. With view to
assuring that the mistakes of 1919 will
not be repeated, intensive postwar
studies are being conducted by the
State Department and the Federal Com
munications Commission.
In fact, there is prospect that serious
differences in this field between Great
Britain and the United States may be
composed without waiting for the peace
treaty. Negotiations to that end are
now afoot with recent arrival in Wash
ington, Sir Campbell Stuart, chairman
of the Commonwealth Communications
Council, which has been set up in Lon
don as government body to regulate
the handling of information on the part
of Britain and it's dominions.
Both the State Department and FEC
appear to be united in the opinion that
this country will need to close its own
ranks by merging into a single monopoly
the nine operating companies now COM
peting In the area Of international COM
munications which is covered by cable
and wireless telegraph. These are
Western Union, the Radio Corp. Of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-01-09

western tip of Sumatar, 500 miles north
west of Singapore.
Japan also has placed the Andaman
and Nicobar Islands, north of Sumatar,
under the nominal control of the pup
pet Indian government headed by
Subhas Chandra Bose.
Still more recently the Japanese have
extended participation" to the natives
of the eastern groups of the Indies
Borneo. Ceram, Celebes and others.
These regions are among the less
developed of the Indies, but some are
rich in the things Japan needs. There's
one oil port, for instance, where the
crude oil can be used directly by ships
without refining.
In the meantime, the Japanese at
tempts to organize native militia and
antiaircraft corps have produced no
evidence of great success, say the Dutch.
The Dutch news service, Aneta, re-
ports that the Japanese have created q
kind of Hitler youth" movement in
Java, with compulsory military drill
even for girls, but the Dutch say that
relatively few Indonesians are genu-
inely sympathetic to the Japanese. They
resent things like labor drafts for
Japanese defense projects.
Distributed ~ Associated Srs0.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-01-09
Brazil Lines Up
For Victory
BY Vaughn NJ. Bryant.

RIO DE JANEIRO P.-Wartime Bra
zil for all its damned cities, busting in
dustry and crowded facilities, is orderly
thanks to the queue.
People line up everywhere-at the bus
stops, the cinema and the office elevator;
at the butchers, the bakers and the kerr
osene dispensers (who takes the place
of the candlestick- maker in providing
oil for the lamps of the cities poor.
How it all started no one exactly
knows. People somehow just decided it
was sensible.
It's odd, residents say, because Bra
zilians formerly were among the worlds
best pushers and showers by their own
admission. Fights at bus stops or sta
dunn gates were common occurrences
and great sport
1t was at the bus stops that lines first
began forming when, with private cars
pushed of the street by the govern
ments gasoline sales ban, city jewellers
stormed buses in unprecedented num-
bers. Service was stepped up, new ma
chimes added and the people, impressed
by their war role, imposed the queue
system on themselves.
The police and city authorities noticed
it. They placed signs: "For your own
good and the good of others, please form
in line" It practically became fad,
with lines forming every place there was
conceivable excuse.
The Rio queue is a study in patience
1t is orderly, and it's strictly matter
of first come, first served Women
neither look for nor receive special con-
sideration.
At the kerosene dispensaries, where
the wait is often hours long, the proprie-
tor often closes shop for the night before
all have been served. Those still in line
simply leave marker, go home and
come back in the morning to resume,
uncontested, their previous position.
The bus queue at rush hours is a
moving line that never shortens. Buses
pull up in steady chain empty. fill
quickly, and pull OF as others follow be-
hind. The group moves constantly for
ward-in fact, there Is little actual stand
ing in line but rather a continuous, for
ward shuttle.
The lines sometimes run a block or
more. In Sac Paulo, Brazil's second
city, there is a little oval bus-island
about so yards across. The line here
forms in a spiral as evening crowds
gather to 60 home.
Rainy days bring out another phe-
nomena. Some hardy soul with umbrella
may be standing at the curb-stop. Ten
yards away, under protective building
ewes, waits the rest Of the line. But no
newcomer thinks to hog into the inter-
vening space on arrival. He goes to the
end Of the line.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-01-09

Many thousands of people, it Is ex-
pected, will require complete feeding,
and supplies to them will be termed
emergency rations. Then, there will be
maintenance rations for use in areas
where no food supplies are available
but where food preparation facilities
exist. Finally, there will be supplement
tary rations for persons having access
to some domestic supplies but needing
additional food to reach the 1000 calorie
level and balance their diet.
The European requirements area"
comprises countries on the outer fringe
of the continent that may be the first
to be occupied-Norway, the Neither
lands, Belgium, France, Greece, Italy,
Albania and the coastal areas of Yugo-
slavia
Local Supplies to Vary.
Food authorities say they expect the
liberated countries to be able to pro-
duce a large, portion of their require
ments. Domestic supplies will vary
greatly, however, from country to coun-
try, depending on the degree of removal
and destruction of foodstuffs accom-
panying military operations and the
level of domestic production maintained
1t is expected that the disruption OF
trade and transportation will be so crit
ical that relief food needs will be re-
quired for large segments of the popula-
ton at least until trade can be reopened
between rural and urban areas and or
derby distribution re-established.
The United States months ago began
the accumulation of supplies for war
relief needs. Certain definite portions
of this country's supplies have been al
located to what is called reserve for
war relief and other emergency needs.
This reserve is aside and apart from
supplies allocated civilians, the military
services, the lease-lend program, and
exports to other countries.
Supplies already allocated to this re-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-01-09
Save Best for Allies

A writer in the Nazl newspaper LIE
Pays Reel claims to have overheard
coal miner talking to comrades in a
train about methods OF slowing down
production in Charleroi coal mine.
According to the writer, he heard the
following conversations:
I'VE do some of the preliminary work,
but when We reach the coal face We
pick out the worst places, where the coal
is third rate and not much of it. The
rich seams are marked out on a secret
plan, and when the Allies get here we
can supply them with tons of the best
coal at once"
LIE Pays Reel adds: ut seems that this
is scheme invented by one of the two
engineers in the mine. Although this
man is in need of extra help, he doesn't
do anything about it. He refuses to go
to the labor Office, which he says is a
pro-German organization. Another pa
triot.'"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-01-09

serve from the American larder include:
Wheat, 100000 bushels; meats, ESQ.,
100000 pounds; canned fish, $1,000 900
pounds; cheese, $4,000, 600 pounds; con-
densed milk, 100000 pounds; evap-
GRATED milk, 100000 pounds; dried
whole milk, 100000 pounds; dried skim
milk, 100000 pounds; dried whole
eggs, $4,000 900 pounds; citrus fruits and
juices, 17,800,00o pounds; potatoes, $780,
100000 pounds; dehydrated vegetables,
34,70O pounds; edible fats and oils lex
elusive of butter), 96200,0 900 pounds; dry
beans, 2la,70o0o0 pounds; dry peas, 127,-
100000 pounds; rice, 100000 pounds
and sugar, 42,602, 900 pounds.
Other Sources Tapped.
These supplies could be increased, If
the need should arise, from another re-
serve stock called contingency re-
serve" which has been accumulated or
earmarked for any emergency, military,
foreign or domestic relief.
They also will oe augmented by sup
plies being obtained from other Allied
countries having. stocks beyond their
own domestic, military and other war
needs
The rate of demand upon American
supplies for European relief will depend,
of course, upon the rate at which the
Allied military forces take over. The
program would be greater If sudden
collapse should occur.
In planning relief rations it is neces-
sary, officials say, to consider not only
the nutritional DEFICIENCIES in the food
supply of the liberated area, but also
the acceptability of various foods in the
light OF consumption habits, the kinds
OF food that are available for shipment
from other producing areas and the de-
gree to which domestic trade in food
stuff Is likely to be disrupted.
Oficials must take into account the
fact that in wartime the effects of food
shortages are likely to be felt most
keenly by women and children, espe-
cially in early childhood and in youth
Plans have been made to provide spe-
cial rations for children and expectant
mothers.
In early stages Of relief feeding there
will be need for ready-to-eat, processed
foods suitable for feeding under un-
favorable conditions. Such supplies must
be economical of shipping and storage
space, as well as highly nutritious.
Several alternative compact rations
have been developed. Each contains
approximately 1000 calories per pound
distributed by the Associated PressD
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-01-09
Seek HOarders

BUENOS AIRES Overwhelmingly
rich Argentina is witnessing the paradox
of queues in the market place. The
reason: A potato shortage.
The virtual disappearance of "la papa"
as the vegetable Is known in the ma
tional idiom created a dark economic
mystery that is crying for solution.
About the LIST of October potatoes,
principal vegetable on the average Ar
gentine diet, became as scarce as steaks
are plentiful. Prices jumped as much as
200 per cent and housewives and SER
wants waited in queues for their small
allotments.
The Ministry of Agriculture said the
shortage was natural phenomenon"
because it occurred between crops.
However, newspaper Investigators re-
ported that spectators had created an
artificial shortage to boost prices. One
influential paper said the Agriculture
Department could easily learn the iden-
tity Of SPECTATORS if it wished. Further
more, it added, no great effort would be
necessary to discover potato stocks
shielded from heat, cold and prying
eyes,"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-01-09

American food by the millions Of
pounds stands ready to follow Allied
soldiers in the Forthcoming invasion of
Western Europe to help feed the half
starved peoples freed from Nazi domina-
ton.
officials estimate that between 10000
100000 and $4,000, ooo, 900 pounds of food
from all Allied sources, in addition to
supplies the liberated countries them
selves may be able to furnish, will be
needed to meet barest relief needs for
the first year after the big push gets
under way.
Large quantities of cereals, dried milk,
powdered eggs, canned meats, dry beans.
dehydrated vegetables sugar and other
commodities from this country already
have been moved across the Atlantic to
storage depots in Great Britain.
Supplies from these depots will start
moving to the continent as soon as the
Allies establish a Arm foothold on
Hitler's European fortress. As invasion
troops fan out, the food will follow to
be distributed among civilians needing it.
And stocks already overseas will be
augmented from supplies already accu-
INFLATED or earmarked in this country.
No one knows yet just how much food
will be required for the complete relief
needs of Europe but American food off,
Gals estimate that the total relief re-
quirements during the first year of occu-
patton of what is called European re-
quirements area" would be equivalent to
years complete feeding of about 49,
000000 persons.
Seeks 1000 Calorie Level
However, far more than that number
will be fed-the population of the area
is around $4,000, 0o0-because food OH
Gals declare it is not the intention Of the
Allies to put the liberated peoples on q
lavish diet. Such could not be done, they
explain, even If any one should advocate
it, because available supplies of food
are insufficient.
1t is the hope OF relief officials to
provide liberated Europeans with food
sufficient to maintain consumption at
about 1000 calories per day for those
persons needing relief Such a caloric
allowance is about 80 per cent below
recommended standards for normal liv-
ing, but officials say this appears to be
about all that could be assured under
existing and prospective supplies.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-01-09

(See PROBLEMS, Page C-3)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-01-09
U. S. vitality Interested.

Under these circumstances the adj
ministration is aware that the postwar
settlement of Europe is vital to the peace
and reorganization in the United States.
An embittered, fighting, growing Eu-
rope after the disappearance of Fascism
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-01-09

Continued on Page C-3, Column ~
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-03-27
Italian Parties Drop
Plans for PIebiscite
|0n Kings Abdication

BY the Associated Press.
sNAPLES, Mar. 27.-Plans for a
plebiscite In Southern italy on the
issue Of King Victor Emmanuel's
abdication and replacement of Pre-
mier Badoglio's government have
been suspended by the six leading
political parties opposed to the pres
ent regime
Lack of funds and personnel with
which to print and circulate petit
tons calling for the Kings abdica-
ton and formation of truly dem
ocratic government" were given by
party leaders as the reason for
abandonment of the project.
A deeper significance, however,
was seen in the decision In Allied
quarters, where the feeling was ex-
pressed that opposition to the Ba-
doglio government had been damp
ened by Soviet Russia's recent action
in according 1t diplomatic recogni-
ton.
Togliatti's Arrival Awaited.
This feeling persisted in spite of
continued avowals of italian Com
munist opposition to both the King
and Badoglio.
The Communist paper LUnita
said the Badoglio regime lis not
government" and asserted that
ITALY needs one Immediately, be-
cause the lack of government is 49,
worse than having bad govern
ment."
Allied officials awaited with inter-
est the expected arrival of Palmiro
Togliatti, head of the Italian Com
munist party, who has been a mem
Der of the Comintern in Moscow
under the pseudonym OF Ercoli.
L'Unita. said he was en- route from
Algiers.
Fl Publications Licensed.
Togliatti presumably will bring
with him knowledge of Premier Sta
Inns attitude toward the Badoglio
government. 1t was considered I'M
likely here that he would enter italy
openly If he were hostile to the
existing regime, although Badoglio's
opponents have been permitted to
express themselves freely.
Not only do Allied authorities
grant permits for mass meetings but
they have licensed ~ weekly,
biweekly and triweekly political
publications ranging from the Com
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-03-27
The Great GameOfPOliticS
Need for Roosevelt.C Churchill
Meeting Is Regarded as Clear

because this is an election year and
Mr.. Roosevelt is candidate fol
reelection. That is the big handi-
cap. 1t handicaps him in framing
foreign policy and 1t handicaps him
in domestic matters, too. But another
Stain Churchill Roosevelt confer
ence might clear up a few of what
seem totally unnecessary misunder-
standings.
Neither Mr.. Hull's recent l7-point
statement nor his forthcoming ra-
do talk will do that. They will
make more generally understood the
basic points of our policy and our
attitude toward certain specific sit
uations. But the atmosphere can
really be cleared only by the Presi-
dent.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-03-27

give more to give freely to your own
Red Cross =. to your own sons in The
service.
So give-for this is the year when giving
really hits home. Give for the boy who
longs to be with you-give to Jour- Red
Cross which will reach him for YOU.
This time dig deep-deeper than ever
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-03-27

Is we'll founded.
the necessity for
a meeting seems
clear. Because,
a situation has
developed which
is disturbing to
thoughtful men,
regardless of
IN ir political
amliation.
Particularly. 1t
disturbs t h os e
who believe most
strongly that the
W e If are and
safety IF this
country depend
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-03-27

This appeal in behalf Of the Red
the space usually devoted the presentation
food values.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-03-27

munist paper on the extreme left to
the Christian Democrat organ on
the right.
It is through these mouthpieces
printed on paper supplied by the
United Nations, that the Allies are
letting the Italians voice their opin-
ions and it Is through them that
Allied authorities are gauging politi-
cal feeling.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-03-27
BY FREDERIC J. HAsKIN.

y. has the exact location OF
Calvary been identified?-C. of.
A. The site Of Calvary is not easily
determined. From Hebrews xiii 10 it
Is evident that the Crucifixion took
place outside the walls of Jerusalem,
but the exact course of the wall of
this period is difficult to trace.
@. How much food does the aver
age person consume in lifetime?-
d. o. r.
A. The average individual eats
about so tons of food in a lifetime.
@. Is soldier stationed in Hawaii
on foreign duty?-L. w. A.
A. Service in Hawaii is considered
foreign duty for pay purposes in the
Army.
@. When were courses on matri-
mony first offered in American COL
leges?-E. L. H.
A. The first college course in mar
riage was offered at the University
OF North Carolina, Chapel Hill, N. C..
DR.. Ernest Rutherford Groves, pro-
lessor of sociology at that university,
was the pioneer in this line.
@. How much cast iron was used
in the construction of the dome of
the Capitol?-R. o. N.
A. S,so9,2 200 pounds.
Q. How tall was Napoleon?-
G. A. Y.
A. Though generally regarded as
small man. measurements made of
Napoleon upon his deathbed by his
physician, Antommarchi. showed his
height to be feet 61a inches. No
doubt he was taller in his prime.
Q. From what town did Capt.
John Smith sail for America
S. A. A.
A. The entrance to the East India
Docks at London long have borne a
tablet bearing the inscription that
From near this spot, December 10.
1906, Capt. John Smith sailed with
los Adventures" to found "the first
permanent English Colony in
America"
@. How many United States SOL
diers saw actual fighting in the first
World War?-M. L. L.
A. About 100000.
@. Are aliens allowed to vote in
any State?-K. N.
A. No State in the United States
permits an alien to vote.
@. Was John Calvin an English
man?-C. G.. A.
A. John Calvin was Frenchman.
He was born at Noyon in 1909 and
educated in Paris. Religious perse-
cution compelled him to flee from
France
@. Are there any mahogany for
|ests?-M. G. F..
A. No mahogany forests exist
since mahogany trees grow scat
tered throughout the jungle with
an average, usually, of one or two
trees to the acre in virgin forests.
@. What officer would preside at
the trial of President of the United
States?-C. ..
A. The Constitution provides that
when the President of the United
States is on trial before the Senate,
the presiding officer must be the
Chief Justice of the United States
Supreme Court.
@. How did Bagehot sum up the
powers Of the British King?-H. H.
A. He said that the King has "the
right to be consulted, the right to
encourage, the right to warn"
Though without political power, the
sovereign may exert a powerful in
f1uence upon the affairs OF the ma
ton.
@. What are the duties OF an
armorer in the Army Air Forces?-
E. N. P.
A. An armorer in the Army Air
Forces is a member of the ground
crew who maintains and repairs
armament and loads bombs and
ammunition into planes.
'''. :ss sssa8 s11osga y
siszt zllsH3 asals sazss /;
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-03-27

for an Australian press delegation to
visit Canada during May.
rne delegation will consist Of r. r.
Smith Of Canberra, Alan Dawes Of
the Melbourne Herald (the Murdoch
chain) and Don Wilmington Of the
Sydney Daily Telegraph.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-03-27
Abstraction Newsmen
Will Visit Cunudu

By the Associated Press.
CANBERRA, Australia, Mar. 81
Prime Minister John Curtin yes
terday announced acceptance of an
invitation from w. l.. Mackenzie
King, Prime Minister of Canada,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-03-27

"The Red Cross Is emotion In &C
tom. Clifford Folger, chairman
Of District Red Cross Chapter.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-03-27
| Huskin's
Answers to
Questions

A reader can get the answer to any
question Of fact By writing The Eve-
ming Star Information Bureau, Fred.
eric Haskin, director, washington.
D. c. Please incloss stamp for retuin
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-03-27
Ry FRANK r. KENT

1t has been stated that soon Mr..
Roosevelt, Mr.. Churchill and Mr..
Stain will meet for another con-
ference. Whether or not this report
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-03-27

LIVERY year you have given to the Red
IL Cross :. willingly and with free
heart. You helped us help millions of
people when the floods struck .
when the earthquakes came when
famine devastated some far-off land. 1t
was your habit to give. the great proud
habit of thirty million American families
=. proud that they eo3M give . proud
of the great Red Cross, that made the
giving worthwhile.
But this year it is going to be different.
When you dig into your pockets and
purses itwon't be just your "regular" con-
tribution. For this year of global war the
need is greater than it's ever been before.