davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Henderson daily dispatch., 1944-01-13
J'\CSwim Champs
To Meet Ga. Tech

Chapel Hill. Jan. l3-Thc Uni
vcrsi.y of North Carolina swimming
team. which has ruled the waves in
the Southern Conference FOR lCu.'
straight years and which routed
Duke III this seasons opener. will
step out of its class Saturday and
try am ironman act in Gual shot
for WidCr hOnorS.
Coach Dick JamCrSOn and The
Henderson daily dispatch., 1944-01-13

Blue Dolphins will meet Georgia
Tech in Atlanta that afternoon and
will swim in the Southeastern a.
y. u. championships that night.
Tech. which is also Navy VIZ
power. is the Southeastern Confer
cncc champion, and the AAU meet
is due 10 draw the pick of DiXie's
tank aces.
Henderson daily dispatch., 1944-01-13

The word anchor originated from
the Greek word meaning crook or
hook" and the old Grccian anchors
were i'm this form.
Henderson daily dispatch., 1944-01-13
Wife Preservers

The medical division oI Nc Once Of
Civilian Defense recommends tho follow.
ing treatment for MINOR. or frs, degree
burns Cleanse the burned area gently
with white soap and water. don't break
blisters Cover area with fine sterile mesh
gauze coated with petroleum Jelly. then
bandage firmly but not tightly with
,ulsb dressing 10 protect The DiWx ."
Henderson daily dispatch., 1944-01-13
SYNOIsSIS

NAi!.oHf BAKER. s"f-ccn'cred, but
Young. beautiful and talented Singer
has a"hi"N'd S;I'C ..,S-wtth the aid II
TOD PATRICK. hcr manager. lie has
b'"n her agent SIn," sh" was am en-
tcrfnin"r striving :" reach the ton
I'm route io MsNi"n ~ plane. Mallory
ois young man.
aiCiiAEt: BLYTHE.
yesterday: Mallory becomes lost I'm
crowded section OF Mexico CITY She
nstomnds Prism. h"r maid, 'by su,i-
denly 'limhinr: atop the seat ~ their
nut"nr"hilc nn,l bursting into the IIa-
suhcra from Carmen
Henderson daily dispatch., 1944-01-13

FORCED into action by over 100000
petitions, a House committee will
hold hearings next week on ma
tional prohibition legislation. These
will be based on a bill introduced
by Rep. Joseph Bryson of S. c.
(abovc) who seeks 10 ban the sale
OF beverages. containing over half
OF 10 alcohol International
Montana labor news., 1944-05-18
THE PROTECTION OF WORKERS
IN BACKWARD COUNTRIES

If the lot of many workers i'll highly
developed countries is far from rosy, that
of the workers in backward countries is
wretched, pitiful and deplorable beyond
measure. In most colonies and other I'M
derdeveloped countries many workers live
in a state of n~ear-slavery, are subjected
to forced labor, enslaved by long-term
labor contracts, their living standards are
unbelievably low, and they enjoy none Of
the social protection given by labor unions
OF by sociaEsecurity measures.
For the last fourteen years the Interna-
tional Labor Organization, the great pro-
gressive force in the field of international
relations, has undertaken to free native
labor in dependent and other %underdevel-
oped countries by a series of international
conventions dealing with forced labor, re
cruiting, labor contracts and penal sane
tions for labor offenses. Unfortunately
very few colonial powers have 50 far rati-
fled and applied these conventions, and
the war has interfered with the process Of
adjusting their legislation to the LILO con
Ventions.
Montana labor news., 1944-05-18

1t is therefore gratifying to know that
the LILO has put the problem of labor
standards in colonies and other dependent
countries on the agenda Of the Interna-
tional Labor Conference in Philadelphia
and has submitted to the Conference a
series Of recommendations designed to
establish a minimum of social protection
for native workers in these territories.
The outstanding features of this program
are the restriction of forced labor and of
other abuses of colonial labor relations,
prohibition of child labor, protection Of
women workers, the adoption of minimum
wage systems, the establishment of social
security measures as soon as practicable,
the development of labor unions and Of
collective bargaining, and the encourage
ment Of co-operatives.
These recommendations, although their
adoption and application would doubtless
bring about undeniable progress in CO.
lonial labor conditions, constitute a very
moderate minimum program indeed. They
omit, for instance, such fundamental prin-
ciples as that of free and compulsory edu-
cation for children and the immediate
adoption of sOcial-security measures III
areas where the development of a perma-
nent working class has already made the
establishment Of a social security system
imperative.
It must be recognized, on the other
hand, that the problems Of labor standards
in und~erdeveloped countries are questions
not only Of social policy but also of eco
monte development. The most socially
minded policy is doomed to failure if
transport facilities and industrial devel-
opment remain on an extremely low level,
as is still the case in most dependent
countries. The lilo is not powerful
enough to change this situation What
this organization can and should do, in
addition to adopting the recommendations
on colonial labor standards, is to urge close
international cooperation in the field of
colonial development and to give its own
cooperation as much as possible to those
international economic organizations
which, it is hoped, will soon be formed i'll
this field.
Montana labor news., 1944-05-18

twice within six months, to keep the
unemployment compensation fund from
becoming insolvent. A total Of some
thing like twenty-three million pounds
sterling was voted.
For a number of years parliament had
to vote money to pay unemployment
benefits ard the load became so heavy
that King George ". appointed a royal
commission to investigate the admins
tration and weaknesses of the National
Insurance Act. The royal commission
after an investigation lasting over two
years made a majority and minority re-
port. The majority report which was
approved by parliament provided for
cuts and restrictions on unemployment
benefits.
In April 1881, while the report Of the
royal commission was being debated in
parliament, Philip Snowden, chancellor
Of the e%xchequer, a member of the Labor
party, stated that he opposed the tax on
the payroll in the commons in 1911 when
the National Insurance was being con-
sidered. Winston Churchill, one of the
authors Of unemployment compensation
replied to Snowden and is quoted as say
ing; After twenty years experience
with unemployment compensation, I am
Of the opinion that the payroll tax is
not the best way to finance the same
Montana labor news., 1944-05-18

our knowledge, has yet been taken by
President Graham on the views of the
rank and file and until it has been
taken, we feel that he has presumed
far more than his rights and duties per-
nit.
Not all members of ORGANIZED Labor
belong to, or lean towards the same po-
litical party, and hence, cannot agree
with President Graham, without more
complete information m facts, not just
by innuendo.
This Central Council has supported the
Murray-Wagner bill up to now and unless
more facts are presented to convince the
membership otherwise, we believe it will
continue to supper THE bill. If Presi-
dent Graham feels we are wrong, and
desires to correct our views, let him pre-
sent to us the full reasons, facts, not
political theorems, and we feel sure that
he can and will then obtain a true and
exacting expression of the minds of Or
gained Labor, at least in this Councils
jurisdiction.
We recommend that a copy of this re-
port be sent to Senators James E. Muir
ray, Senator Wagner and to President
Graham, also that a copy be sent to the
various Central Bodies of Montana, and
to President William Green of the
American Federation Of Labor and a
copy to THE Montana Labor News"
Fraternally yours,
Legislative Committee Of the
Yellowstone County Trades
and Labor Assembly.
BY R. E. MORHOUS,
Secretary-tTreasurer
Montana labor news., 1944-05-18

benefits from the compensation fund, will
amount to 21O million dollars per week
and in eight weeks there will be paid
from the fund 1880 million dollars,
which is more than was paid into the
fund from the tax on the employers pay
roll during the fiscal year ending June
80, 1913. In less than eight months of
unemployment, Congress will have to
vote money from the Treasury, as a
subsidy to the fund to keep it from be-
coming bankrupt.
In the year 1911 the British parlia-
ment controlled by the liberals, enacted
the National Insurance Act patterned
after the Bismark program of State So
cialism. Unemployment compensation
was part of the National Insurance Act
and Lloyd George and Winston Churchill
were behind the bill. The British I'm
employment Act provides for a tax on
employers payroll and workers pay and
the government makes a donation to the
fund for every worker covered by the act.
The British employment fund was
built up during World War No. l, as
there was little, if any, unemployment.
When the war ended, rehabilitation took
place and war industries closed up-then
unemployment was exceedingly great.
In the year 1919, parliament had to
vote money from the national treasury,
Montana labor news., 1944-05-18
FEDERATION HEAD
TO MURRAY

tCOnIllueu EIOn rage OllSy
against the present Unemployment Com
pensation law enacted December, 1885,
is that it is actuarially and economically
lnsound-that the fund will become in
solvent when an acute period of unem-
ployment takes place.
Amendments to the present law pro-
posed by the Wagner-Murray-Dingel
bill will not strengthen the law from an
actuary standpoint, but weakens it.
Neither will the proposed amendments,
if enacted, make the present law eco
nomically stronger.
At present, there is approximately a
little over five billion dollars in the
unemployment compensation fund for
the entire country. During the last
fiscal year ending June 80, 1913, there
we're approximately n billion six hum
dred and fifty-five million dollars paid
into the fund from the 81 per cent tax
levied on the employers pay roll.
Unemployment will be a fact after
the present war is over. How acute it
will be, nobody knows, but it will be big
enough.
Fifteen million workers unemployed
drawing an average Of s14.00 a week
Montana labor news., 1944-05-18
YELLOWSTONE ASSEMBLY TAKES
ISSUE WITH GRAHAM
COUNTY TRAD

YELLOWSTONE COUNTY TRADES
AND LABOR ASSEMBLY
Yellowstone County Trades
and Labor Assembly,
Billings, Montana.
Greetings:
We, your legislative committee. to
whom was referred a newspaper clipping
dated Feb. %, 1914, in which the views
of James D. Graham, president of the
Montana State Federation of Labor, re-
garding the Murray-Wagner Social Sc
curity bill are shown as he recently ex-
pressed them before a Helena Luncheon
club, and which views tend to show that
Organized Labor is opposed to the bill,
we wish to report as follows:
president Graham has the right and
the privilege to express his own opinions
and views on this or any other matters
Of public or private concern, and so has
each and every other truly American
citizen, but when he portends that this
bill is "totalitarianism" we feel that he
is attempting to express the sentiments
Of the rank and file in advance of their
actual mental expressions. No poll, to
Montana labor news., 1944-05-18

A few months later in an attempt TO
balance the budget the old age pensions
we're cut as were teachers, p~olicemen's,
firefighters' and all civil service en-
ployes', retirement benefits and salaries.
The wages of the armed forces were cut
in October, 1881, the sailors of the home
fleet anchored off ~Invergordon, Scotland,
staged a sit down strike and refused to
man the ship until the government gave
assurance that the sailors pay would not
be cut. Thus ended a chapter on the
shortcomings of the British Social Sc
ourity, patterned after the Bismark plan.
The authors of the Wagner-Murray-
Dingell bill are we'll aware that the II
per cent tax, six per cent on the en-
ployers' payroll and six per cent on en-
ployes' pay check, will not be enough
to pay the benefits allowed on the bill.
1t is known in Washington and on
Capitol Hill, the - per cent tax pro-
posed in the Wagner-Murray-Dingel bill
must be raised to IS per cent, a nine
per cent tax on the employers payroll
and a nine per cent tax on the workers
pay check, just as soon as the people
will stand the increase. Furthermore,
the full benefits allowed in the bill will
not be able to be paid for forty-five to
fifty years in the future.
When Unemployment Compensation
was first proposed, nothing was said about
taxing the workers pay check in order
to take care of unemployment. This is
something that the politicians have sugar
coated and now are trying to put over.
In the Montana Legislature of 1887,
when the Unemployment Compensation
bill was under consideration, the Senate
amended the bill to place a tax Of 81
per cent on the workers wages. The
House refused to accept the amendment
Labor representatives at the capitol OPP
posed the amendment so strongly that
the Senate receded from its amendment.
In the Legislature of 1941, an attempt
was made in the Senate to amend the
Unemployment Compensation Act to tax
NbAhCAS pay 81 pei SC44g. AdDVi oPpuoCO
this amendment and the attempt was
killed in the committee.
A tax on the workers pay check is
equivalent to a cut in wages, it is an
attempt to lower the standard of living
Of the workers.
Wagner ay-Dingen never received
a mandate from their constituents to
place a tax 0 N payrolls or pay checks.
In the summer of 1912, the Democratic
party of Montana held a state conven-
ton at Billings. Senator Murray was at
that convention and helped to draft the
platform which was adopted by the dele
gates to the convention. The state plat
form of the Democratic party of Mon
tana, in 1912, had no plank in it calling
for a tax on workers wages to pay fol
unemployment benefits. Therefore, Sen
atory Murray should have consulted the
workers of Montana, who elected him
senator, as to their wishes in having
tax placed on their pay envelope, be-
fore he sponsored any such proposition
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-04-13
|Bricker's Nomination
On Early Ballot Seen
By Seattle COP Chief
BY the Associated Press.

| BY the Associated Press.
SEATTLE, April denomination
of Gov. John w. Bricker of Ohio for
President on an early ballot at the
Republican National Convention
was predicted today by Ralph R
Knapp of Seattle, former Republi-
can speaker of the State House of
Representatives
Mr.. Knapp's forecast came after
three days of vigorous campaigning
by Gov Bricker in Washington
State, climaxed by an address last
night in which he demanded the
United States look out for its own
interests because other nations are
looking out for theirs
Gov. Bricker declared the United
States should demand that other
nations cooperate with us.
ut is high time we realized that
we can win the respect of the world
not by the lavish expenditure of our
taxpayers dollars, but only by keep
ing our promises and by promising
only that which we can fulfill" he
said.
Lashes Propaganda"
He dashed out at the present ma
tional administration, saying it had
established "a great propaganda
bureau at the cost of 100000 5000 a
year to taxpayers to present only the
best side of every development in
Washington and every development
in international affairs " q y"
Gov. Bricker said he was for post
war cooperation but not for an
international police force which
would have the power to order
around our Army and our Navy over
the combined judgment of the
American people"
He referred to expenditures of
American money in South America,
declaring the Government "appar-
entity has embarked on course of
buying good will with dollars"
Hits Spending.
He said Ohio recently was denied
a priority by the War Production
Board on materials with which to
build hospital.
"You can imagine the feelings of
the people of our State when we
learned the Government had built
80 hospitals in South America with
money provided by American tax
payers. Yes, we are helping other
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-04-13
0PA Sues for S1,5O7
DAMAGES in Sale Of Truck

In the first suit of its kind against
individuals the Office of Price Ad.
ministration yesterday sought treble
damages for the sale of used truck
The defendants named in the suit
filed in District Court, were Bessie
|Shansler and John Shansler of the
500 block of Kennedy street NV
The suit claims the truck was sold
for 5000, when the maximum price
|allegedly was $397.51. The treble
damages asked for are in the sum Of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-04-13
Guthrie Firm Fined on
Wuqe-Hour Violation

Guthrie Lithographing Co. of 1850
First street NV, owned by Ward
Guthrie, was fined $l25 yesterday in
Municipal Court on charges OF
working IS women bindery employees
more than eight hours day and
more than six days a week.
Guthrie pleaded guilty.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-04-13
AII-Womun Council Elected

GRUVER. Iowa (P.-Women rule
this northwest Iowa town Of 1876
residents. They were elected to all
of the eight municipal Offices
Mayor to assessor, inclusive-in the
biennial election.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-04-13

people, but We are for helping OH,
own people first
Gov. Bricker left here for Oregon
He will spend Saturday in San
Francisco and Monday and Tuesday
in Los Angeles. He is due back ir
Columbus, Ohio, April 81.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-04-13

Is1,5o747. or three times the alleged
overcharge.
The suit was filed in behalf of the
OPA by John l.. Laskey, local en-
forcement attorney, and Assistant
Enforcement Attorneys Carl w
Berueffy and J. Grahame Walker.
The Omaha guide., 1944-01-15
I~NDEBTNEss"
Note: My guest columnist for this week-a real
democrat and true friend of mankind. j.
Peters by ORSON WELLES

Chicago (For Press Photo Service)-To be born
free is to be born in debt; to live in freeom without
fighting slavery is to profiteer." ....
"By plane last night I flew over some parts Of
our republic where American citizenship is a luxury
beyond the means Of the majority. / rode comfort
ably in my plane above a sovereign state or two
where fellow-countrymen of ours can't vote without
the privilege Of cash, Today | bought my lunch
where Negroes may not come, except to serve their
white brothers, and there / ovrheard a member of
some master race or other tell those who listened
that something must be done to suppresse the Jews.
| have met SoutheIners who expect and fear a Ne
gro instruction. | see no purpose in withholding
this from general discussion. There may be those
within that Outcast 10 percent of the American peo-
pie who some day will strike back at their oppres-
sors., To put down the mob, a mob will rise. Who
will put down that mob?
We speak here of the Peace-Black and brown
and yellow men must vote freely in that Peace. We
speak of the Great Powers. But we have a brave
ally in this war, seldom mentioned in these specula-
tons. If Europe's Underground is kept from the
Peace Table, a simpler Peace can be agreed upon.
That Peace, however, will be very short.
The scaly dinosaurs of reaction Gf indeed they no
tice what ] am saying here) will print it in their
newspapers that L am a communist. Communists
know otherwise. L am an Overpaid movie producer
with pleasant reasons to rejoice-and | do-in the
wholesome practicability of the profit system. I
am all for making money if it means earning it. Lest
you should imagine that I am being publicly modest,
L snail only admit that everybody deserves at least
as many good thindgs as my money buys for me.
Surely my right to having more than enough is can
celle it | don't use that more to help those who have
less. This sense of rumanitv's interdependence ante
dates Karl Marx.
Man admitted his responsibility to Man when the
first murderer cried out to God, "AmI I my brothers.
keeper?o However, those in the current plot a.
gainst Librty would drive all social virtues under
ground by calling its simplest expression Commun-
ISM The war news. suggests that there are worse
terms OF abuse. Still the proud citizenry Of our own
democratic persuasion do not credit authorship the
proposition that "all men are created euual'' to the
Russian Soviet.
The Omaha guide., 1944-01-15
q, Melvin Agee, alternate.

cS, Melvin Agee, alternate.
South Freshmen: Gloria Bryant,
and Erma Blackson, representative
es; Carroll Crocker a "a Hattie Mae
Green, al~ternates.
Election returns for st. Benedict
have not vet been reported.
The new representatives ard al
ternates will meet at the Omaha
Urban League on Thursday Jan
uary 20, at 7:3o pm. to set a date
for the election of officers and to
hear committees report en- Talent
Show for Omaha's youth.
The Youth Council was created
with the object in view Of develop
ing further opportunities for the
Negro youth Of Omaha to become
useful citizens through selective
educational and social activities
designed to promote city-wide nm
fty; initiative gained by leadership
experiences; community participa-
ton; personal growth; constructive
recreation; knowledge OF Negro
history; and conception Of Negro
economic and social problems.
The Omaha guide., 1944-01-15

peace-for we wiuld put justice be-
fore vengeance. affordng to van
quished ond victor alike an oppor-
tunity to live and griw strong in a
free worll.
We must not make one group
great at the expense Of another.
We must have equal justice for all
the peoples of the earth. He who
e~nslaves becomes a slave himself.
He who is avaricious is bound
tightly to- and by his chattels. He
who hates his neighbor u ha-
tired agoinst himself. 1t is as in
evitable as the laws Of nature.
Our spirits are high as Our
troops forge ahead in the invasios
Of the European mainland. The
last long relentless push is on. Bdt
this time We will go on to the end
and finish the job. We are determ
lined that this time there will be
no trhce but that of peace based on
The Omaha guide., 1944-01-15
Buddy Nc rea Trains
Boxers for Fight Show

On Thursday evening, boxers
from the army base at Sat Lake
City, Utah, will go into action a.
gainst other fighting teams from
round about. These fighters are
being trained in the art Of fist
cuffs, by none other than our own
John H. Buddy McCrea, well
known here in fight circles.
Buddy writes us to say hello and
to inform us that he was recently
Joined in Salt Lake City by his
wife and darling little baby daugh-
ter.
The boxing event is sponsored
by the daily Salt Lake City news
paper and promises to be d very
affair. Good luck to you
and your team. Buddy.
The Omaha guide., 1944-01-15

justice C
We must remember that justice
is a universal right. applying to all
men equally. regardless of their
station in life, their race or nation
ality, their religious faiths. If it
does not apply equally. it ceases to
be justice and becomes privilege or
prosecution accordingly as its dec
isions ore made.
If we, in the same spirit as Halle
Selassie. put justice before ven
geance, we are On the way to bring
ebout that dream Of a world. Of
which Cicero wrote saying: "And
there will not be one law at Rome
and another at Athens, one law to-
day and another tomorrow; but the
same law everlasting and unchang.e
able will bind all nations at all
times; and there will be one com
mon Master and Ruler of all. even
God, the Trainer. the arbitrator and
the proposer Of this law. And he
who will not obey it will be an ex-
lie from himself"