davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1944-04-02

Austin said 'the Connally resolution was
declaration OF postwar foreign policy
The Senate did not even consider plans
for the interim that will elapse between
the cessation of hostilities and perma-
nent peace-an interval that might last
several years"
Senator Austin said the criticisms now
being heard relate to war policies, land
ought not to be interpreted as a sag
back to isolationism." The Vermont Sen
ator said that, while the administration
may have good reasons for not announc-
ing certain specific war policies, the pub
lie generally has the right to hold and
express views on the subject. He thought
it would be helpful if this public view
point was directed toward encouraging
the German people to revolt. That would
be type of political warfare that might
result in an earlier end of hostilities and
the saving of lives, he added.
Senator White of Maine, acting Re-
publican floor leader, expressed his per-
sonal view of the present situation as
follows:
Il have no doubt that the State De-
partment has rather definite convic-
tions as to the form of international
organization which 1t would like to see
established, and as to the character
and degree of collaboration. I think it
would be of advantage in mobilizing
American sentiment if the administra-
tion's views were more generally and
more definitely made known to the
American people"
Senator White is another prominent
member who does not see how the de-
tailed steps to be taken can be deter
mined now
Before we can enter the field OF
SPECIFIC things, We must confront the
Evening star., 1944-04-02

the resolution of the Senate on Novem-
Der 5, and in view of the dedication of
the United States throughout it's history
to a policy of disinterested helpfulness
for the United States to take the lead
at once in urging upon all of it's allies
the Importance of this step.
Such meetings, under the pressure
of war, can contribute much to the
firme unity of the participants in the
conduct of the war as we'll as to their
greater faith in the program of the
peace"
Senator Ball, Republican, of Mime
Sota who joined with Senators Burton,
Hatch and Hill in offering one of the
earliest resolutions for international CO.
operation, thinks there has been some
recession in sentiment, but he believes
it is because nothing is being done. Sen
ator Ball took the view that I'VE are
being fed lot of words, and that actions
have not jibed with words"
'Why not get the United Nations Or
ganized now, and route some of the
troublesome problems through it?" he
cS.
Senator George, Democrat, of Georgia,
member of the Foreign Relations Com
mittee, said there is some impatience
IN the country to know more about the
overall policies, but I don't think there
has been any weakening of the desire for
the basic principle of international COL
laboration"
Senators Austin, Republican, of Ver-
mont and Clark, Democrat, of Mis-
souri, see nothing in current happenings
to discourage the movement for postwar
collaboration. Said Senator Clark:
Some people are trying to magnify
lot Of little things that are temporary,
passing events. I don't think the CO.
operation movement has lost ground"
Taking much the same view, Senator
Evening star., 1944-04-02

the speculation that arose in the wake
of RusSias first move.
Until this war is over, everything
else has got to be subordinated to Win
ming" said Chairman Connally of the
Senate Foreign Relations Committee.
I'VE cannot halt the war to fix up every
boundary dispute. 1t Is unlikely that
any final agreement can be made prior
to the end of the war as to peace ma
chinery, but We are carrying on confer
enceS and studies now"
The Connally resolution, declaring the
Senate's general desire for interna-
tional cooperation to maintain peace
was approved November S by vote of
IS to S.
Senator Burton, Republican, of Ohio
believes that, while final action need not
come until after the war, the next step
to implement the November resolution
should be the calling of meetings of
representatives of all of the United Ma
tions, large or small, for the purpose of
outlining the procedure leading to DO
litlcal stability In the world after hostil-
tiles cease. In recent speech on the
subject, Senator Burton said:
The time for such step is now. The
place for the meeting is here in view of
our comparative safety from hostile at
tack and our geographical availability
to the nations concerned. Including
Canada, IS of the "a United Nations
are in the Americas, and the call of such
meeting might we'll bring forth the
adherence of some or all of the re-
naming 7 American republics.
While such step toward carrying
out the program of the Moscow declar-
alton might we'll be sponsored by all
four Of the participants in that declar-
alton, it is highly appropriate, in view
Of the incorporation of this policy into
Evening star., 1944-04-02

The tens of thousands of workers in
Grumman Aircraft Corp. plants on Long
Island have proved conclusively that the
Nations manpower problems can be
solved simply by working little harder.
With more pay as an incentive, Grum-
man in the past six months has in
creased production 40 per cent with
fewer workers and at far less cost per
plane.
AS the military-industry tug-of-war
over young manpower continues, along
with all the talk that war production
must suffer from the armed services
drive to obtain enough men to man our
battle lines. the fact apparently has been
lost to sight that perhaps incentive pay
is the answer to the problem.
Besides the Grumman case, the War
Production Board has numerous exam
pies which tend to prove the Nations
present labor force is more than suffi-
cient TO produce war needs-provided
the workers give of their effort on any
thing like an all-out basis. The wage
incentive idea, doomed year ago as the
solution to production and manpower
problems, has been forgotten in the
present crisis.
WPB figures show that in $50 war
plants, mostly small ones, where pay-in-
centive plans we're introduced recently,
production increased an average OF more
than IS per cent. These plants could
produce at their old rate with far less
manpower than they now use Despite
this showing, wage-incentive plans to-
day are found in comparatively few war
plants, especially the big ones.
Win Big Pay Increase.
In producing more planes, the Grum-
man workers preached" the Little Steel
formula-got themselves a general pay
increase Of more than 20 per cent with
out having to put in any more time on
the job. They accomplished this feat
neither by threat Of strike nor haggling
with the War Labor Board, but simply
by working little harder.
Early last fall the WLB approved a
scheme OF incentive pay for Grumman
workers, the first such plan to be tried
IN an aircraft plant of any size 1t pro-
vided that the workers would receive l
per cent more pay for each per cent
increase in production above a standard
that was higher than their output of the
moment. Output was measured in
pounds Of production per man-hour.
The WLB agreed to the banus scheme
provided it would not add to the unit
cost Of the product, which, in this case,
was planes This is the yardstick the
board uses in gauging inflationary ten
dencies OF all such plans to obtain addi-
tional production by offering more pay
for 1t.
How well the Grumman plan has sue.
ceeded can be judged from official fig.
ures on the second quarter-year of its
existence which was just completed
Production In Grumman plants in.
creased 40.8 per cent over the base pc
riod. Workers were receiving 2o.4 Der
cent more pay. Although over $1,000
600 was paid in bonuses in the three
months, planes were coming of the
assembly line at II per cent less cost to
the Navy.
Before Grumman, experts in industry
Evening star., 1944-04-02

and the OPA. The Post Office has
$4,000, leaving 5000 to be distributed
among the Veterans Administration
Federal Housing, Agriculture Depart
ment and the like. Many of the civil
ian workers in the War and Navy De-
partments were said to be engaged in
essential war work, which accounted
for the applications for draft defer
ments. Few, if any, State employees are
engaged in essential war work.
Bricker honestly and properly ex-
cuses himself from going into details
on international affairs by saying that
he has been too busy being Governor
OF Ohio to study this deep and compli-
Gated subject Before Pearl Harbor, he
declined to ioin the America Firsters
and he refused to go to a Columbus
hotel to meet Gov. Phillip La Toilette
OF Wisconsin for fear the isolationists
would make capital of his .all.
AS an organization man" in office
Evening star., 1944-04-02

Continued on Page C-3, Column S.
Henderson daily dispatch. (Henderson, N.C.) 1914-1995, 1944-03-25

br broadcast over Il statewide net
work of rId.u stations beginning at
CSC y. IN. ana vii! be heard at the
ArHury over load speakers. installed
i@r the uccas .ua. After the speech u
dinner will be served 10 local guards
men.
Tho Governors speech will deal
with !ccruI;imG upwards IL one
,Iuu. ana ncW members Tor the forty
TWO STATE guard units III the State,
many q! winch have aCcI greatly
depicted by SclcctivC Service induc-
lions IN recent months. with the
prospects that many more viii bc
HdGc;Ca within the next !cN months.
Tn" purpose OF State Guard Week
as proclaimed by the Governor IS 10
.. n The broken ranks a. tie guard
companies. IT, The units may be
Kept aS near 10 full strength as pos
S.D.r II OriCr 10 take care OF any
arising within TIE State.
Evening star., 1944-05-12

There Is an inadequate number of
day nurseries for small children. If
1t is said that those which exist are
not used, it is because the conditions
under which some of them are con-
Quoted do not meet the problem. They
open too late, close too early, or are
In the wrong places. I know of one
woman who sought a day hostel for
her child, and could never make the
arrangements, because the authorities
could only interview her in midmorning,
The authorities do not, apparently,
consider work in ones own home. as
real work. But it is real work. and
the only way to free women for war
work is to rationalize housework. educa-
ton and child care by division of labor.
Housework and childcare can be done
by smaller number of people-pro-
vided they are better organized.
Most schools close at 3 o'clock What
are working mothers to do with children
between and 6? And how can they
work properly in any factory when they
are worried about them?
X * 4
II most school children received a
hearty hot meal in the middle of the
day, working mothers could give them
bread and milk in the evening. But
such Is not the case
AS for the women who believe the
work Is too heavy-it is obvious that
here publicity has failed Much war
work is automatic and less physically
wearing than housework But war in
dustries have to tap reserves of women
who have never been inside factory
and know nothing about it.
To get new workers employers need
to advertise and describe in detail the
work involved, the hours, and the work.
ing conditions. But this type of adver-
tising has been restricted to want ads of
a limited number Of lines each-to
save paper.
Ads under help wanted" only catch
the eye of people looking for work.
They are never read by those who have
to be persuaded to 60 to work.
Meanwhile, despite the paper short
age, war firms are taking whole pages
for so-called institutional advertising,
not aimed at selling anything, but at
keeping the firm before the public.
Why cannot some of this space be used
to set forth specific needs and accom-
panying advantages?
1t Is certainly job beyond the scope
OF radio and press commentators.
tReleased by the Bell Syndicate, Inc)
Evening star., 1944-05-12
Undivided Authority

Both Chairman Coffee and the
ranking minority member of the
House subcommittee on District Ap-
propriat tions. Representative Stefan,
have invited Board of Public Welfare
members to be more vigorous in
championing their estimates which
the Commissioners lop off the
budget.
That is indicative of praise
worthy attitude, characteristic of
these gentlemen, but it was not ever
thus. A few years ago another chair
man of this same committee was
berating the health officer on the
floor of the House for making
speeches to citizens associations on
the general need for increased pub
lie health appropriations. The So
called gag rule" designed to pre-
vent agitation by officials for in
creases in appropriations above
budget estimates, has apparently
been lifted by Mr.. Coffee and Mr..
Stefan. But should it be the Com
miSsionerS, or the Board of Public
Welfare members, who do most of
the agitating for greater public well
fare appropriations?
1t is we'll to remember that the
issue of divided authority" on
which the Commissioners rested
poor case for abolishing all but ad-
visory powers OF the Board of Public
Welfare does not apply to the esti-
mates. In estimates. the board can
only recommend. The Commission
ers are solely responsible for the
size of the estimates which they
choose to submit to the Bureau of
the Budget, thence to Congress. In
cutting off over a million dollars in
recent years from estimates recon-
mended by the Board of Public Wei
fare, the Commissioners evidently
were guided by the amount of rev.
enue they had available for expendi-
ture. But whatever the reason, their
responsibility over estimates is not
divided with the board members. 1t
is the Commissioners who should be
reminded to be more vigorous II
working for greater public welfare
appropriations. They have an ini-
tial advantage, in this respect, which
others do not enjoy.
Evening star., 1944-05-12
This Changing World
By Constantine Bro,cn

Indians and others who are playing
Toio's game say the British never in
tended to do anything for China de-
spite the spectacular promises made
after the Quebec conference last Au-
gust. because Great Britain does not
want to see a strong China and wishes
to maintain her prewar prerogative in
the treaty ports. These falsehoods-
which are apparent to outsiders-carry
q good deal Of weight with the Chinese,
some OF whom would not be averse TO
abandoning the fight.
4
1t must be realized. OF course, that
China has been at war for good many
years and has received only infinites-
sinai support from the western nations.
Hence, the Japanese propaganda does
not fall on deaf ears.
This pattern has been followed by
the Tokyo government for a long time
and previously has not succeeded to
any perceptible degree, because the
Japs' military progress in China, parti-
cularly since Pearl Harbor, has been
slow. Chang thus has been able to
hang on as best he could, relaying to
his generals the hopeful statements Of
the American and British governments
that help was coming.
There is little we can do between now
and next fall. The monsoon rains,
which are expected to start soon, pre-
clude any further operations in Burma.
Furthermore, until the invasion Of
Western Europe has started and has
made good progress 1t is unlikely that
any large forces can be sent to the
Far East. The Allies plans to help
Chang out of his difficulties must be
delayed for at least another eight
months, where his crisis Is immediate
On the one hand, the Japanese seem
intent to continue their military opera
tions on large scale; on the other
hand, Chang cannot appease his gen.
erals since not more than trickle OF
supplies can be sent over the hump
by transport planes.
H%k X
Since last year the Chinese leader
has endeavored TO bring his trouble
forcefully before the American and
British governments. Nine. Chang
spoke very bluntly to the administration
and to the leaders of Congress during
her visit in this country last year
Chang was very frank in his converse
tions with President Roosevelt and
Prime Minister Churchill at Cairo last
November. Now he is facing a situa-
ton which he has warned us he would
inevitably face If more substantial sup
port were not given him.
Evening star., 1944-05-12
West European Accords

The arrangements now in process
OF elaboration between the Dutch
and the Belgian governments-in-
exile and the British and the Ameri-
can governments are in refreshing
contrast with the difficulties en-
countered with other regimes claim
ing to represent peoples in German
occupied Europe. An understanding
seems to have been arrived at
whereby the reconstruction of Bel
gium and the Netherlands will be
intrusted from the first to officials
Of the respective governments-in-
exile who will accompany the Allied
armies in their task of liberation
with no AMG interim regime like
that established in Sicily and South
ern Italy.
The reasons for this amicable
understanding are not far to seek.
The Dutch and the Belgian govern
ments-in-exile truly have reflected
the sentiments of the vast majority
OF their compatriots left under Ger
man oppression. With the exception
Of small group of outright Quis-
lings who have sold themselves to
the Germans and have become their
full accomplices, the loyal conf
dence of the Dutch and the Belgian
peoples in their exiled governments
has remained unaffected, and rela-
tions between them have been close
and cordial. There has been no
'collaborationist" movement like
that Of Vichy In France; neither
have there been opposition factions
like those which have arisen in
Yugoslavia and Greece. The cases
Of Holland and Belgium thus are
uncomplicated by domestic develop
ments which have tended to es-
TRANCE the occupied populations
from their exiled leaders And es-
sentially the same is true of Norway,
where similar identity Of views
persists between the oppressed peo-
pie and their accredited spokeSmen
overseas.
1t should not be forgotten that
the Dutch and the Belgian govern
ments, though in exile from their
home countries. continue to repre-
sent colonial territories of consider
able Importance. The Belgian Congo
Is an immense area with rich nat
ural resources, which has contrib
uted to the united war effort. Even
after the loss of the Netherlands
Indies, the Dutch colonies in the
Caribbean remained under Neither
land sovereignty, and the bauxite of
Surinam or Dutch Guiana is a prime
source Of Americas aluminium in
duStry. The regimes established in
London since the German invasion
of four years ago are thus not
shadow" governments. They have
substantial identity and vitality.
And the liberation OF their home
lands by Allied arms will furnish
Evening star., 1944-05-12
Railyard Bombings
By Maj. George Fielding Eliot

On May 3, the British Ministry of
Economic Warfare reported that Allied
bombers had crippled every major rail-
way yard in belt 100 miles deep along
the European coast-covering an area
roughly from Cologne to the Bay of
Biscay. mo marshaling yards in this
area" the ministry reported, "are capa-
BILE of forming trains" BY marshal
ing yard" European means big
freight yard such as you can see in
Jersey City or Chicago or ST. Louis or
in many other places. Freight trains,
as every railroader knows, are made up
and dispatched from such yards; cars
are classified and put into the proper
trains by switch crews. Without such
yards at intervals along the line, a great
railway system cannot perform its major
function-moving the freight.
But air attacks against such targets
must be reasonably continuous, as eX-
perience in Italy and elsewhere has
shown; for repairs can be carried out
by trained men with almost incredible
rapidity. If permanent disorganization
of traffic is required, it Is a question
of coming back again and again to the
key points and keeping up the good
work 1t is, therefore, not without sig
niflcance that from May onward,
Allied aircraft have attacked railway
targets in France and Belgium daily
with very heavy weights of bombs.
X
The effect of these attacks must be
considered in connection with the use
which the Germans must plan to make
of the railway system of the region
under discussion: That is, western Ger
many the Netherlands, Belgium and
northern France. This system may be
considered from two points of view:
the supply viewpoint and the troop
movement viewpoint.
From the supply viewpoint, the prob
lem 's to move Supplies and munitions
Evening star., 1944-05-12
part OF the mystery which. incredible

part OF the mystery which, incredible
as 1t may seem, actually began
months, if not years, before the
assassination. Careful students of
the whole tremendous mass of
evidence-Stanley Kimmel, for ex-
ample-have come from their work
more puzzled than they were when
they approached it. The more they
know, the more they want to know
and the quest is endless. To
illustrate the difficulty, let it be
mentioned that If DR.. Mays posi-
tive and scientific identification" is
rejected with regard to which leg
was hurt, his recognition of the
scar on the back of the neck of the
body he saw also will be challenged.
1t is part of the record that he had
performed an operation on Booths
neck and he steadfastly insisted that
he could not be deceived about "the
mark of the scalpel" which he thus
put upon the actor.
DR.. May, it is true, did not identify
Booth when the body first was
revealed to him. In the lineamentS
of the cadaver on the Montauk, he
said:
There was to me no resemblance
of the man had known in life.
*** Never in a human being had
greater change taken place,
from the man whom had seen in
the vigor of life and health, than
in that of the haggard corpse
which was before me, with its
yellow and discolored skin; its
unkempt and matted hair, and its
whole facial expression sunken
and sharpened by the exposure
and starvation it had undergone.
Some day, of course, data now
not available for the inspection of
historians may come to light, with
the result that the long standing
problem may be brought to a rea-
sonably accurate conclusion. The
Lincoln papers in she Library Of
Congress will be opened in July,
1947, and they may contain material
that will be helpful.
Evening star., 1944-05-12
Booth Mystery Again

Probably the mystery of the fate
OF the assassin of Abraham Lincoln
never will be solved to the satisfac-
ton OF everybody. There always
may be some doubters, some skep-
tics. A recent article in Harper's
Magazine again has stirred up the
perennial debate. It's author Is a
professional writer of detective
stories who, masquerading under the
name Of Dale Clark, gives it as his
considered judgment that the body
which DR.. John Frederick May saw
on the deck of the monitor Montauk
on April 27, 1868, really was that of
John Wilkes Booth.
Much of the discussion in this lat
est contribution to the constantly
growing literature concerning Lin
coins death centers in the question
of which leg the murderer injured
when he leaped from the box to the
stage in Ford's Theater. The evil
dence upon which DR.. Samuel A.
Mudd was convicted of participating
in the conspiracy" to kill the Presi-
dent was that he had set Booths
left leg and that a left boot was
found in his home. But DR.. Nav,
according to paper included In
the records of the Columbia His
torical Society, testifies with refer
ence to the man whose corpse he
examined: The right lower limb
was greatly confused, and perfectly
black from fracture Of one of the
long bones Of the leg"
How such confusion first arose Ia