Evening star., 1944-10-02
Security Talks Enter
New Phase as China
Joins in Conference
BY JOSEPnH BAfRT

4ue second pnaSe C1 IAe dunbar
ton Oaks security talks, designed t
align China with, the plans worke
out among the United States. Grea
Britain and Russia, began today a
the old Georgetown mansion anon
indications that they would be brie
and successful.
Something less than full agree
ment was reached BY the Anglo
American and Russian conferees
although Undersecretary Of Stat,
Stettinius, head of the United State
delegation, described the area o
accord as about 80 per cent" They
worked out the machinery of al
international peace organization
although failing to agree on all th'
rules that should guide it.
Inasmuch as DR.. Wellington Koo
chief of the Chinese group, and hi
associates were kept informed ol
the earlier talks and as the Amer
lean and British delegations had
at that period, copies of the Chinese
plan to guide them, it is believed
that the Chinese will fall in line
readily with the plans worked out
with Russia.
May Require Only Week.
Starting with the expectation that
they would last three weeks, the
NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS. talks ac-
tually required six. Inasmuch as
the foundation to the security or
ganization now has been laid and
1t Is only necessary to reconcile
China's views to it, the latter phase
of the talks probably will not re-
quire more than week.
China's interest, it is pointed out,
obviously lies in building up an or
ganization capable of dealing
promptly with any threat of aggres-
sion from Japan, its traditional
enemy in the Far East.
Some observers believe China will
insist the peace organization adopt
a clear-cut definition of what con-
stitutes aggression. 1t is recalled
that China suffered previously for
years from economic exploitation by
Japan, exercised under the con-
stant threat OF military force, be-
fore Nipponese troops actually set
foot on its soil.
Wants Aggression Defined.
Even after Japan occupied Man
churia and bombarded Shanghai,
Tokyo insisted that it was not at
war" with China, but merely exer-
cising police measures to protect
its nationals and interests in China.
Consequently, China would like to
see aggression defined in such a
manner as to include any form of
political or economic pressure ex-
ercised under the threat of force,
1t is believed.
AS the Dumbarton Oaks confer
ences enter their second phase, two
Senators, both members of the Sem
ate Foreign Relations Committee,
took issue over the question of
whether the security agreements
now being fashioned must be rati-
fled, as are formal treaties, by a
two-thirds vote of the Senate. Their
views were made known in a study
released by the Foreign Policy As
sociation.
Senator Austin, Republican, of
Vermont held that the agreements
must be strengthened" by ratifica-
ton by the Senate.
Pepper Differs.
On the contrary, Senator Pepper,
Democrat of Florida argued that
past experience has shown that the
necessity of having two-thirds of
the Senators agree to foreign COM
mitments acts as an effective brake
on American participation in world
peace organizations.
Many of U.s." Senator Pepper
said, "feel that the Government of
the United States is incapable of
taking an effective part in world af-
fairs so long as our machinery for
entering into international agree
ments is SO obsolete" He said he
and others were hoping that execu-
tive agreements, not requiring ratifl-
cato; under the two-thirds rule,
"r1ighS become more normal as our
vehicle of iptnrp a tiopol eovfoot