davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1944-07-16
Serving the Public Good

- The courts have pretty generally
upheld the power Of eminent do
main as applied to condemnation
of slum areas by public agency,
recognizing the public purposes to
be served in slum reclamation. The
extent to which condemnation may
be used to acquire such areas for
resale to private individuals or cor
porations, to be used by them for
private profit, is less clearly defined.
The review of court decisions and
the opinion prepared by Thomas 8.
Settle. secretary and legal adviser
of the Park and Planning Commis-
sion, on. constitutionality Of the
commissions urban redevelopment
legislation, shed some light on this
point.
An Illinois redevelopment law was
found unconstitutional by a State
Court which objected to the trans
fer Of condemned land to a private
corporation for "a private purpose
for pecuniary profit" holding that
the Illinois condemnation law "does
not permit Of taking private prop
erty for private use" On the other
hand, New York's redevelopment
law has been upheld by the New
York Court Of Appeals and a review
denied by the United States Su-
preme Court. That law permits
transfer Of condemned property to
a private redevelopment corpora
ton, which, after meeting all speci-
hcations of an approved plan OF
development, obtains title to the
property and is no longer subject
to control by public agency.
Mr.. Settle concludes that there
would be no constitutional bar to
the redevelopment plan of the Park
and Planning Commission, as de-
fined in the bill sponsored by Sem
ator Capper. It would be permissible
to transfer condemned property to
a private developer, who would de-
rive a profit in the completed trans
action. But the public agency would
necessarily retain a certain control,
specifying conditions to be met by
q private developer to assure use Of
the property for the public good"
AS it seems unlikely that a private
developer could in every case meet
all Of such conditions, 1t would be a
serious mistake to attempt to con-
fine urban redevelopment to private
developers alone. A field should be
left for public agencies, such as the
National Capital Housing Author
ity, when private capital finds no
incentive in particular job that
must, in the public interest, be done.
Evening star., 1944-07-16
Court-MortioI Preliminary

In designating the members OF
courts OF inquiry to investigate the
tacts relevant to the Pearl Harbor
disaster, the War and Navy De-
partments are complying strictly
with the will of the Congress as
expressed in recent legislation ex-
tending the deadline for courts
martial to December 7 of this year.
This legislation, while extending
for six months the statute of linn
1tatlons governing the period within
which Admiral Kimmel and Major
General Short may be brought to
trial, also specified that an investi-
CATION OF the disaster be started
forthwith" and it is to satisfy this
latter stipulation that the boards of
inquiry have been set up.
1t should be made clear. however.
that the function Of a board of in
quiry is not court-martial. 1t is
IN the nature of a preliminary in
vestigation, designed to assemble
the facts upon which the prosecu-
ton will rely whenever the courts
martial actually get under way. The
arguments against immediate trial
OF the officers in question-princi-
pally that 1t would seriously inter-
fere with the conduct Of the war
remain entirely valid. That the
delay works hardship on Admiral
kimmel and General Short, both of
whom are desirous OF meeting the
charges which will be brought
against them, cannot be denied.
But it is a hardship imposed by the
stern necessities Of war, and as such
it is a disadvantage which the of1i-
GERS in question will have to accept.
1t may be that by December 7
next the war will have progressed
to q point where the trials can be
held, and II so that fact will be
welcomed by all fair-minded Amer
leans. But II this is not the case
II the overriding demands Of this
struggle for survival still stand in
the way Of the courts -martial-it is
dificult to see how Congress can do
other than grant ! further extern
sion Of time.
Evening star., 1944-07-16
Keim's Guide

Perhaps some. preSent-day resi-
dents of the Nations Capital might
be interested to know about De B.
Randolph Keim's illustrated Hand
Book Of Washington and It's En-
virons." The eleventh edition Of it
appeared in 1878. and the editor in
his preface hastens to explain that
the idea Of such a local encyclopedia
never was original with him. War
den's Geographical and Statistical
Description of the District OF Colum-
bia," he says, was published in Paris
as early as 1916 Then followed
guides compiled by william Elliott
in 1926 and 1880 and by George Wat
terson in 1848.
Most later publications of the sort,
however, Mr.. Keim found to be
crude and imperfect, impositions in
character and price, and noticeable
only as containing the smallest
amount Of information for the
largest amount of money" The
sponsor Of the volume to which he
proudly attached his name in q
rather considerable number OF places
hoped ito avoid these objections at
least" And he succeeded so well
that even now his production is
worthy of the attention of the
permanent" community, If not the
visiting public. Consider, for exam
pie, his conception of his theme:
Among the capitals of the great
nations Of modern times,
Washington stands alone. Saint
Petersburg, now the seat of the i'm
perial residence Of the Autocrat Of
all the Russias, rose out of the
morasses Of the Neva at the will of
the great Peter. It was long what
Its founder called 1t, lookout upon
Europe, before the ancient capital Of
the Cars In the fertile Moskva, left
the sheltering walls of the Kremlin.
Versailles, the queen OF royal
residences, sprang from favorite
hunting lodge of Louis XIII. A
AAoAAdACL AAAc Al1o SuCCC0SOI WAS alone
capable OF an exhibition of extrava-
gance such as this The genius of
lie Brun and Le Notre, and the
expenditure OF two hundred millions
Of dollars did not make Versailles
capital. It's name and its Associa-
tions are synonymous with the reck-
lessness Of luxurious and dissolute
court. Rome, the city of over twenty
six centuries, was government and
capital when Romulus, with his
handful Of Latins on the western
slope Of the Palatine. Tatius with his
Sabines on the Capitoline and the
QuirinAl and the Etruscans on the
Caelian and the Esquilline gathered
around the forum and laid the foun-,
dation OF that career Of greatness and
power which justly earned the proud
title Of Mistress Of ths World. ss
Evening star., 1944-07-16
Christian Nati0ns.2
By the Rer. Walter H. Brooks, b. b.,
Pastor of the Nirstssnth Street Baptist Church.

Are there any Christian nations in
the world7 S.,
In other words. Is there any nation
on the face Of the earth which makes
the will Of God, ~ revealed IN the
spirit and teachings Of the Lord Jesus
Christ. Its supreme rule Of aetiou7
Let God be praised that. In the
bounds OF what Is called Ohrbten-
dom. there are multitudes Of genuine
Christians.
Their influence for good has
wrought wonders In the social, moral,
intellectual. economic and civic con-
dition Of all elements Of humankind.
These Christian men and women
are the leayen in the dough. But BY
no means has that leaven, q yet, Per.
meated and transformed the whole.
Christian nations, so-called, 1t
their best still are dominated by un-
worthy traditions from the past.
To illustrate: Certain adventurous
followers Of the sea in the late 18th
century land upon the shores Of the
New World. This Western hemis-
phere immediately becomes ''ths
Spanish empire" in America "by
right Of discovery" And to enforce
this right bloody battles are fought,
and We hear Of "the right Of con.
quest Is 1t any wonder that today
there Is no single Spanish possession
in all this western half Of the globe7
A habit Of robbery and murder has
characterized so-called Christian ma
tions during the past 600 years.
1t seems only yesterday that Italy
violently appropriated all Ethiopia,
while Christiandom was unmoved at
the wrong 50 cruelty and wickedly.
perpetrated. But the italian empire
was short-lived. Italy now Is one OF
the battlefields OF another world con-
hict, suffering at the hands OF foes
and warning friends.
No. there are no Christian nations.
Evening star., 1944-07-16
Allied Firepower

In every category OF firepower,
according to Undersecretary Of War
Patterson, our Allied forces in
Europe are at least four times
stronger than the enemy. This su-
periority-in small arms, grenades,
mortars, artillery, airplane bombs
and rockets-is one of the great de-
cisive advantages we hold over the
Nazis. They cannot hope to over
come it; they cannot hope even to
cut 1t down. As a result, their
defeat, sooner or later, has become
virtually mathematical certainty.
For as Mr.. Patterson declares,
"f1repower is the killing end of the
business" the thing that wins wars,
and the side that is deficient in it
IS the side that loses. A good ex-
ample Of what 1t means can be
found in the transportation phase
of the battle in France. BY our
overwhelming superiority in bomb
Ing from the air. we have shattered
highways, bridges, railroads and
rolling stock with such effectiveness
that the enemy's mobility has been
very hard hit. Thus, to cite one of
Mr.. Patterson's examples, when
German armored unit was shifted
from point near the Russian front
to help meet our assault In the
west, it travelled the distance from
Romania to Eastern France in five
days, but to get from Eastern France
to the Normandy battle zone-a
much shorter haul-it had to travel
fourteen days.
Our other forms Of firepower-
particularly our artillery--are hav-
ing a similar effect on the Nazis by
frustrating all their counterattack-
ing efforts to date and by pinning
them down and then cutting them
to pieces, as during the first two
weeks of the Normandy invasion
and the drive on Cherbourg. More
over, In addition to its direct bear
Ing on the immediate physical trend
Of the battle, our one-Sided advan-
tage in this respect is Of immense
importance from the standpoint Of
psychology or morale. The fact that
we have at least four grenades or
four bullets for every one Of his,
the fact that he knows he cannot
change the balance now, is bound
to depress the enemy in an ever
increasing measure.
= And conversely, as Mr.. Patterson
says, our own troops must naturally
be. cheered by our flrepower su-
Heriority. Nothing could be more
Evening star., 1944-07-16

The Rome d today may wen
b said to be the mother, while
Warrington Il the maiden. Of capitals. Y.
without forgetting that Thomas
Jefferson and his associates in the
development OF the Federal Town Of
the American Republic thought
themselves more particularly in
spired BY ancient Athens, the reader
Of Mr.. Keim's spirited prose is glad
TO concede that he knew his "stuff." !"
The whole Of his quaint little book,
every one Of the more than two
hundred and fifty pages Of 1t, is a Joy
to examine from the vantage point
Of 1874. One closes the volume sur
prised not 80 much over what has
changed as over what has not.
Evening star., 1944-07-16

Ths governments oE this troubled
earth riss with the sword and perish
with the sword. 81,
How different \ ths kingdom q
Christi II adds nothing ~ force.
What says the MASTER NY king-
dom y not Of this world: II my king
dom were of this world then would my
servants nsht." And the Apostle Paul
adds: Though We. walk in the flesh,
We do not war according to the flesh
0or the weapons Of our warfare are
not Of the flesh. but mighty before
God to the casting down Of strong
holds); casting down irnaginations
and every high thing that i exalted
against the knowledge Of God, and
bringing every thought into captivity
to the obedience Of Christ" I"
Again the Master declares: "By
this shall al men know that ye are
my disciples, II ye have love one for
one another"
Ane eutnor OF the nr1t eplStle OF
John puts the same thought thus:
IF man say love God. and hateth
his brother, he Is . Nar; for he that
lcveth not his brother whom he hath
seen cannot love God whom he hath
not seen. - He that hateth his
brother Is In the darkness, and
walketh In the darkness, and
knoweth not whittier he goeth, be-
cause that darkness hath blinded his
eyes"
When We point to wicked nations.
glorying in all their injustice and op-
preston, all their selnshness and race
hate. and speak Of them rs Christian
nations, we put the cause of Christ to
open shame and multiply scofYers and
infidels in all the walks Of life.
The kingdoms Of this world some
day will become the kingdoms of our
Blessed Lord Jesus. But the time is
yet In the future. Today there are
no Christian nations in the world.
Evening star., 1944-07-16
Introduce Rodio on Troins
By O,rsn L. Scott
From the ooneyviile txansss, you,r.,

rom the ooneyvills Kansas) journal.
we learn by publicity from the Santa
re ana Rock Island railways that both
roads are experimenting with two-way
raoio communication on freight trains.
by this means, communication Is had
between locomotive and caboose and
between the train and terminal ofhces.
This new innovation fills great need
ana Is long overdue. It should have
been In effect ever since radio was born.
at least since radios development com.
mercially. But better late than later.
90 consratulaticns. Santa Fe and Rock
Island.
Train operation BY radio has great
possibilities IN wreck prevention and IN
train dispatchins.
Evening star., 1944-07-16
Whitening on the Vine

whitening on the vine" was the
striking phrase employed by our
South Pacific high command to
denote the plight Of Japanese
forces In that area isolated by our
sea and air mastery which has
effectively cut their communica-
tions. Those japanese forces are
very considerable. They originally
numbered some 25o,o00, mostly
first-class, jungle-trained veterans,
and they are scattered all the way
from Bougainville, In the solomons,
through Rabaul and Kavieng, on
New Britain and New Ireland, to
the garrisons on the northern coast
Of New Guinea.
The elimination Of these large
forces OF desperate men, ready to
hight to the death, would entail
large losses to our own troops II
done by direct attack. It was there
fore decided to leave the main pock-
cts alone, letting them waste away
by the ravages Of tropical disease
and semi-starvation on a scanty and
Unbalanced diet Of local foodstuffs.
In the months that have elapsed
since their isolation began, this at
triton has taken heavy toll. Faced
with the alternative of dying use
lessly or Of inflicting some damage
on their enemies before the in
evitable, the trapped Japanese ap-
pear to be choosing the latter al
tentative. Recently the Japanese
garrison on Bougainville made a
suicide charge" on our beachhead
there, while q similar operation on
a much larger scale now has begun
on New Guinea.
When American sea-borne forces
made "leapfrog" landings far along
the north coast Of the great island
at Aitape and Hollandia last April,
they caught some 10000 Japanese on
a 200-mile strip of coast between
them and the Australians coming
up overland from the rear. Those
Japanese, reduced to some $4,000,
now have begun furious attack on
Aitape, the first road block on their
westward trek. Militarily, the ven-
ture is hopeless one. Their line
Of march lies through a narrow cor
ridor Of swamp and jungle, with
trackless mountains on their left
flank, and on their right the sea
dominated by our Navy, while over
head roar our airplanes, against
which the Japanese have only
jungle cover for a defense. The
troops themselves are shaking with
fever, weak from hunger and prob
ably short of ammunition. Even
should they break through the
Aitape barrier, they must repeat the
process at Hollandia and Maf1in
Bay; and even then they would
have no place to 60, since no large
Japanese bases on New Guinea re-.
main. Our air and sea patrols foil
every attempt to run their blockade
with supplies. They are doomed
men, who have chosen the way of
the warrior" as their exit from life
in. the fanatical Japanese tradition
exemplified at Attu, in the Aleu-
tians; at Tarawa, in the Gilberts;
at Saipan, in the Marianas, and
elsewhere. That is the pattern Of
our Oriental enemy's behavior. It
is one Of the major factors upon
which our strategy is based.
Evening star., 1944-07-16

hundred and fifty pages OF 1t, Is Joy
to examine from the vantage point
OF 1874. One closes the volume sur
prised not 30 much over what has
changed as over what has not.
Preparing for Reconversion
In being named BY President
Roosevelt to be director Of contract
settlement. Robert H. Hinckley,
former Assistant Secretary OF Com
merce, has been handed one Of the
key assignments relating to the
problem Of reconversion and demo-
bilization-a problem which in due
time. as our Allied armies march
closer and closer to total victory, will
come to overshadow all others in the
land
In effect, Mr.. Hinckley's Job will
be to see to 1t that when arms
contracts are terminated, claims
filed with the Government by the
contracting industries are met as
promptly and as fairly as possible,
50 that the industries will know
where they stand financially and
will be able to prepare expeditiously
for resumption Of peacetime pro-
duction, thus avoiding an unduly
protracted transition period and
unnecessary unemployment. Such
cancellations are already being made
in substantial numbers, but in the
months ahead they will be multiplied
many times over, and when the war
ends in Europe, they will probably
approach the proportions Of an
avalanche.
A few figures sufilce to illustrate
the unprecedented dimensions of
the problem. According to the
Committee of Economic Develop
ment, II peace should suddenly
arrive everywhere tomorrow, there
would be outstanding between 80
and 100 billion dollars worth of
uncompleted war contracts, the
number of prime contracts being
estimated at as high as 250,0O0 and
the subcontracts totaling possibly as
many as 2,0000 0000-all spread out
among about 100000 different busi-
ness establishments. In the words
OF the CED, 1t is clear that the end
Ing Of these orders will disrupt a
network Of sensitive relationships
between prime and subcontractors
between industries, Arms and labor
forces; between private enterprise
and Government. The prospect for
economic disturbance is incompara-
bly, greater than after World War I
unless we take full advantage of the
period now available to us to pre-
pare for the cancellations that will
come later"
Fortunately, sound preparatory
steps are being taken. Mr.. Hinck-
'ley's appointment is one such step.
Another Is contained in the contract
termination legislation approved by
Congress before recessing this sum-
mer. Still another is the War Pro-
duction Boards ,plan-to become
fully effective by August l5-to
permit industries to make a small
beginning on reconversion wherever
they can do so without interfering
with or endangering arms output.
The problem is unquestionably a
huge, complex and extremely din
cult one, but given far-sighted team
play on the part Of Government
industry and labor alike, it can be
solved without dangerous economic
and social dislocations, and the Ma
ton can enter upon that adventure
in prosperity" about which Mr..
Baruch and others have spoken so
convincingly.
Evening star., 1944-07-16

heartenins to them and they havs
the added assurance that II viii be
maintained. In eject. this single
fact Is the surest guarantee We have
that the Maxi war machine Is al
ready doomed BY contrast, Eitler's
robot bomb campaign. vicious and
potentially. dangerous though it IT,,
seems puny and futile indeed.
Evening star., 1944-07-16

identical invention. The INST advance
over the public prior art Is the same
In each case. but II the court doctrine
holds. the cotton picker is entitled to
: patent Tho efforts of the other end
Ia frustration.
Evening star., 1944-07-16
Wheat and Work
from the Topeka Capital.

From the Topeka Capital
This Is the time OF year, in some
parts of Kansas, when those poetic
fields Of golden wheat represent hard
work. Beauty can be appreciated only
shade, on the sidelines.
Evening star., 1944-07-16

machine is a step-by step improvement,
the result of skill and experimentation
In the use Of existing knowledge and
not an invention"
Going further. the court pointed out
that the burden Of proof of patentability
is on the applicant. and that prior to
the development Of corporate research
the circumstances under which the
alleged invention were made were or
dinarily not examined" the oath of the
applicant being accepted as a prima
facie showing.
Now, however, where "the real party
IN interest is vast research organiza-
, tion possessing advantages not available
to the outside scientist 1t would be con-
trary to modern experience to assume
that the burden Of proving the presence
OF inventive genius has been met with
out evidence disclosing the level OF the
art in that research organization at the
time the application is made. This
principle simply emphasizes the Inn
portance of individual achievement,
which is the aim of the patent law
y
In recent issue of the Journal Of the
Patent once Society, writer set out
this hypothetical case to show just
where such philosophy leads:
An uneducated cotton picker with no
research facilities and no knowledge,
Of the prior art, invents an improved
article. That properly might be called
fash Of genius" At the same time,
skilled engineer. n tbs employ q .
manufacturer, comes up With the
SiebenbuÌˆrgisch-Amerikanisches Volksblatt. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1917-1971, 1944-06-29

SiI5erne &ngeIn tniiiicn Die utber-
iiegbare Munition iein,,uelde Die Sci.
matsfront liefert.
Gs mub bod Elm tuabres Gergniigen
iein, oie Sars bon oben berab" be-
banocln 81 f0nnen. =
isiibrerIrie Jlug5eltge Der yta5is.
Wenn bod crit oas gan5c Gritte Telt
yjiibr,rlpS" tpdre
Ser 3abn ser 3eit lit al,i teinen
Jau Elm Meisbcits5abn.
Selten mir lit es luitie, lrenn lid
iemano iiber ieine Mitmenihen lmltig
maht.
GigcntIid lit es loei'dl oaB iih
eine boie 3unge in @eifmadloligtelt
ereebt.
Die 2iebe gebt Durd) Ocn Magen.
obrr iie i1ttigt nift INNER.
SO une.it;::n lit Ser Sauleldri't
ser 3eit, Oab es uns immcr lurplerl'
ger miro, slpiiden 9eitern, beute uno
moreen 81 l,nter heiben.
SiebenbuÌˆrgisch-Amerikanisches Volksblatt. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1917-1971, 1944-06-29

6rage iiberbaupt feline &oae. 0iele
Der in Yarasuap rpobnenoen Ieut.
id)en iin6 Mennoniten umo ouber
araen ieoe &elpaltanmenoune.
Sn 3ubo arbeiteten Die Gre.
elnisten Staaten eng an ser aus.
orbeiteten biufis unter oirefter Mn.
nrbeltung zines Snternierungspro.
grammes NIT.
Walbinstoner areiie tetonen, oab
elele Gnhuifluns i'm meientlifeu
nur ourh 3uiammenarbeit aller
amerlfanilhen Hepublifen moalih
mar. arsentinien natiirlih uie i'm.
mer aussenommen. 0abei itebt al.
leroings felt. oab oie @ereinigten
Staaten nmiongre Dies Sniorma-
tionsmaterial CUR Yeriiisune tell
ten, obne bas Die eanjen MftioneL
!lnmoglid gape'en ludren.
Gas eegen o'e Espionage uno ga.
tptage aerihtete Hrogramm oieiec
&elniIpbdre gine bon Ger &onieren,
amerifaniIfer MuBenminiiter in
3io De Saneiro aus. Der auf oas
emergency MopiiorD Committee fir
politiid)e 0erteibisuns ieine gntIe.
bun9 perbanft.
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II oes oritten 8eriammlungstages
Ger 4onferen3 Der Mubenminiiter in
&io De Saneiro .puroen sic Muiga.
6en Beg aomitees umriiien: ueber.
mohung beidbrliher MuslGnoer
9&rbinoeruns oes Mibbrauds bei
Ginbiir9eruhe ourd) Msenten DC,
ghie. oie ibre ginbiireerung in Die
ier Semiipbdre 5u Spionage3,peder
nribbrauhen fonnten; Yerbinoerune
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Meeulierung pon Gin unb Ausrei
len in Sen perihieoenen iiioon,erifa
ridden 2dnbern; 0erbinoerune Dor