davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-04-13
A Proud Half Century

The Columbia Historical Society
celebrated its fiftieth anniversary
last night at dinner appropriately
dedicated to the recollections of
men and events which have marked
it's first half century of existence.
The society always has been a force
in the cultural life of the city and
it passes this milestone in health
and vigor, destined for continued,
useful activity in the service not
only of the community but of the
Nation.
Fifty years ago, at its first meet
ing, the late A. R. Spofford, a founder
and vice president of the society,
spoke of the fact that in Washington
a range of subjects of investigation
opens before us such as few of our
cities (perhaps, indeed, no other
city, can supply" And the range
of these subjects is illustrated in the
forty-f1ve volumes of Records of
the Columbia Historical Society"
which were on exhibition last night.
They have treated events which, in
this setting, are linked with the
founding and the growth of the
Republic. AS Solicitor General
Charles Fahy said last evening, in
mentioning the society's distin-
guished contributions, 'By capturing
and absorbing the spirit and tradi-
lions of the city one is richly re-
warded by profounder appreciation
of the meaning of the struggle for
freedom and civilization in which
the Nation is now deeply engaged"
In its first fifty years OF life,
the Columbia Historical Society
has been a recorder of what un-
doubtedly will be known as the
period of Washington's greatest
physical development. The next
half century promises not merely to
bring perfection to this development,
but to witness the fruition, from
ideals to reality, of more of those
spiritual aspirations which have
been distinguishing marks of a
Nation and its Capital still in their
youth.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-04-13
FL SuIvudor's Problems

Trouble in Ell Salvador is a matter
of interest If not of concern to
citizens Of all neighboring countries,
including the United States. If
only because of its geographical
significance, "the smallest but most
densely populated republic of Gen.
trail America" Is important. II fronts
the Pacific exclusively, has no Allan
tic seaboard, conceivably might be
Of great strategic value to an Asiatic
enemy looking for a base of opera
tons on this side of the world.
But turbulence Is nothing new
among the people of the little nation
named for the Saviour of mankind.
The territory was conquered by
Pedro de Alvarado, lieutenant of
Cortes, in 1925. From that date
onward until 1921 there was inter
mittent strife between the native
Indians and the Spanish colonists
and their descendants. Both groups
of contenders in the sixteenth CEN
tury were proud. Remembering that
fact, it is easy to understand why
and how the struggle continued even
after decades of intermarriage be-
tween the two races.
Other problems, however, also
recur with provoking insistence in
the annals Of Ell Salvador. The
prosperity of the inhabitants de-
ponds rather too much upon a single
activity-the growing of coffee.
About a hundred million pounds of
that beverage product is made avail
able for export annually. If for any
reason the market is not receptive,
the economic effect is disastrous. A
movement toward "industrialization"
based on the development of hydro
electric systems has been started,
but the success of such a campaign
is not to be anticipated in the
immediate future.
Meanwhile, variation in agricul-
ture has been urged as a partial
solution. Sugar, maize, beans, wheat,
indigo and Peruvian balsam already
are cultivated in considerable guam
titles, and it is proposed to add to
the list. Hundreds of farms are held
by small owners; a relative few
are controlled by Landlords" and
worked by Indians who live in their
own distinctive villages, often many
miles from the scenes of their toll.
A clue to the psychology of all classes
of the population may be discovered
In the saying that there always is
peace in the "veranillo" or little
summertime brief dry spell after
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-04-13

became uncertain for the Red Army,
Russian officers acting on orders from
Moscow again approached the Poles and
offered to accept their collaboration
without any political restrictions. Two
full Polish divisions were organized In
the Rovno-Tarnopol region and were
supplied with arms and equipment by
the Russians. The commanders accepted
the tactical Jurisdiction Of the Red
Army. Their sympathies toward the
government in exile no longer were
deterrent for collaboration. To the con-
trary, the Poles were allowed to use their
clandestine communications with Lon
don and when these were inadequate the
communication facilities of the Russian
Army were placed at their disposal.
The 'newly-formed Polish divisions
all trained underground flghters-in-
formed their new war associates that the
only supreme commander they recog-
nized was Gen. Sosnkowsky, head Of all
Polish armed forces, who now Is inspect
ing the Polish Army Corps fighting with
the Allies in Italy Until a few weeks
ago Gen. Sosnkowsky had been de-
nounced by the Russians as a reaction
airy and was considered by Moscow as
the chief stumbling block in Polish
Russian relations.
To the surprise of the government
in exile, the Russian high command
found no objection to this condition of
cooperation and now is facilitating
communication between the leaders of
the Polish forces in Vol1ynia and their
government in London. This reversal of
what appeared to be a definite Moscow
policy may have been dictated by con-
siderations of military expediency alone.
On the other hand, high officials of
the State Department take more OPP
timistic view. In all the recent dealings
Of the Soviet government with the Dor
der nations, Moscow appears to have
adopted a more realistic policy. Premier
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-04-13
NaZl Commensurate
Maj. George Fielding Eliot

flank of Marshal Zhukov's First Ukran-
ian Army group.
II X X
Marshal Zhukov is now pretty we'll ex-
tended. He is meeting with determined
resistance in the direction of Stanislau;
the Germans claim to be advancing in
that area. A powerful German drive di-
rected on the axis BreSt-LitovSk- Howell
Rovno might give the Russians some
thing to think about. Its ultimate Sue
cess would, of course, depend on the
power the Germans could put behind it.
The German objective probably would
be to produce so much ,disorganiza-
ton and damage as to check Zhukov
for month or two. They could hardly
hope to do more; but if they could gain
respite to bring up troops now in
Germany divisions in course of re-
organization), or perhaps in Italy, and
to complete their withdrawal in the
north, they might constitute defensive
front which could shelter them from
eastern disaster during the crucial
period In the west, and enable them
to turn far more effort westward than
would be the case If the present Rus
sian pressure continues.
There, of course, is no certainty that
the Germans have enough troops for
even so limited a countereffort at this
time. Only the German high command
knows the extent to which their avail
able reserves have been called upon by
the constant demands of the army COM
manders. But the geographical condi-
lions and the strategical necessities
both suggest the possibility of just such
a German effort. If it does not come
within comparatively short period of
time, we may assume that the Wehr-
macht has gone down another notch in
the scale Of It's fighting resources.
The Russians are, of course, quite
aware Of thu situation. and no doubt
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-04-13
Letters to The Star
Marines Dash to Save
Children's Museum.
To the Editor OF The Star:

To the Editor OF The Star:
May we be permitted to express our
opinion in behalf of the youngsters of
the Children's Museum?
First of all, the action of the Defense
Homes Corp. comes as stunning sur
prise. OF course, we are not too naive to
realize that there are corporations and
individuals today whose one motive is to
profiteer on existing conditions, con-
sidering neither the destruction of in
situations nor the privation of persons.
In a Nation committed to total war,
there still are those whose only flag is
the dollar bill.
But we can appreciate the surprise of
Miss Young, the museums director,
upon learning of the sale of the prop
erty. Like us, she must have detected
a distinctly un-American odor in a
transaction endangering to such an ex-
tent the welfare of many American
children
To us, men in uniform, an occurrence
OF this kind is particularly obnoxious.
We have given up our civilian life
and many comforts and associations to
light for our country and a better life
for all. Where will our country be if
our children are neglected? Where is
chlldren's playground more greatly
needed than in wartime Washington?
we men in uniform, ready to fight
any foreign enemy for our children, in
slst upon their receiving "priorities" at
home.
MASSIE c. BURGESS, U. S. M. c. r.
CLARENCE A. HAINES, U. S. M. c. r.
ALONlO G. HUFF, U. S. M. c. r.
JOHN j. SCHUSSLER, U. S. M. C.
WILLIAM j. DUNLAP, u. S. M. C.
TEAL B. McCORTY, U. S. M. C.
KENNETH r. STEPHENS. u s M @
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-04-13
Nebraska Primary

The unprecedented write Elm"
vote in the Nebraska Republican pri-
mary for Governor Dewey, who was
not a candidate and whose name
did not appear on the ballot, adds
strong confirmation to the growing
belief that he will be the next COP
presidential candidate unless he
should fatty decline to accept the
nomination.
In a sense. however. the Nebraska
vote for Lieutenant Commander
Harold E. Stassen, former Governor
of Minnesota, was more interesting
and more impressive. Commander
Stassen. whose name was on the
ballot along with that of Wendell
Willkie. received $4,000 votes with
returns from more than half the
precincts tabulated. Mr.. Willkie,
who abandoned his Nebraska cam
paign and withdrew from the race
after his defeat in Wisconsin, polled
a meager 1900 votes on the same
tabulation. The write-in vote for
Governor Dewey was 1929.
Because of his announced with
drawal, which came too late to take
his name off the ballot, the negligible
Willkie vote is of no particular
significance. But the one-sided vic
tory of Commander Stassen unques-
tionably is significant.
This is so because Of the efforts
to attribute Mr.. WILKES defeat in
Wisconsin at the hands of Governor
Dewey to a resurgence of isolationist
sentiment among Midwest Repub-
licans. It can be argued, and with
convincing effect, that Mr.. Dewey is
not an isolationist, and that the
Wisconsin vote for him was there
fore not an isolationist vote. But in
the case of Commander Stassen
there is no room for argument. His
recorded views on international
questions are fully as far advanced
as Mr.. WILKES and no one disputes
this. Nevertheless. without any
campaigning on his part, he emerges
from the Nebraska primary as an
easy winner.
If this sort of thing keeps up, 1t
Is going to be difficult to pin an
isolationist label on the rank-and-
file of the Republican party, in the
Midwest or elsewhere.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-04-13
Hill Called Truth

10 '0alk the pathway up this hill
IdheS much OF strength and more Of
1DiU "
Not any grass or foaUerS are there
only the granite harsh and bare
OnIy the ,0inds that Sl0eep it clear
o. old debris from year to year.
10 marx the time you need no clock
For 1t is 1Oritten on the rock
You need not fear an avalanche.
For rather 1DiH red planets blanch
or tdH IN strange aOhite fire around.
Ihan this hill lose one inch OF Ground
ana once you reach its airp ton
NO mist ho,0euer dense can stop
Horizons DiSioned on this hill
from orolDino clear and clearer st4ll
MYRTLE ADAMS.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-04-13
Constantine Bro1Un

Stain seems to be less anxious about
enforcing Russia's ideologies on her
neighbors than In making the best use
OF what Is being found in the liberated
countries. The recognition Of the
Badoglio government was dictated by
such considerations. The present deal.
ings between Moscow and Romanias
Premier Ion Antonescu apparently are
patterned by the same thought. It ap-
pears to many observers that the fun
damental principles Of Russta's foreign
policy at this time are based on making
friends wherever possible and not on
enforcing any of her ideologies.
The people Of the devastated Eastern
European states have suffered q good
deal since 1899 and are likely to UNDER
go even greater hardships In the future.
It appears probable that the govern
ments which have lived IN relative COM
Tort in exile will have to give sufficient
proof that they are worthy Of the con-
f1dence OF their fellow citizens after the
din OF battle is over before they can
be entrusted to govern them again.
Under these circumstances the only
realistic policy Russia could adopt at
this time is to let matters stand as they
are, allow government, such as the
regime of the Poles in London, to re-
main nominally In control and make
the best possible use Of the existing
manpower in the border states to help
defeat the Nazis.
This policy would not require an off,
cial renewal Of diplomatic relations
with the Polish government in exile.
Moscow could remain aloof while it
permits the underground forces to con-
tlnue official contact with its leaders
in London. Russia recognizes the fact
that drastic social and political changes
are bound TO occur after and not dur
ing the war; This Is believed here to
be at the bottom of the apparent re-
versal Of Moscows policy on Poland.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-04-13

army and a navy can be better selected
from the standpoint Of age than any
other factor.
All nations which have had any ex-
perience with CONSUMPTION have recog-
nized for many years the principle that
armies can be best raised by starting
with the younger classes-usually IS
years old. Then citizens are called up
by age classes so that in Germany to-
day there are some troops beyond the
age of so. It is an understandable
method and probably the fairest Of any
ever devised.
4
The advantage lies in the fact that
every one knows when his age group is
reached and the armed services get the
benefit Of the largest possible number
Of physically fit persons-which, Of
course, is what the military folks have
wanted all along. But in the United
States pressures Of various kinds arose.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-04-13

fleet is apparently being readied for
major action of some sort.
This seems especially significant
in view of the fact that British and
American invasion forces may soon
be striking across the English Chan
mel against Western Europe. The
U-boat has been too deadly a men
ace in the past to be ignored now.
1t will require our fullest attention
until the war itself is at an end, for
until then, lurking in dark places to
surprise us. it will remain a constant
threat of potentially dangerous pro-
portions.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-04-13

tions between the United Nations are OF
a purely military character.
Recently the Soviet armies have been
concentrating their| main effort on the
southern front where the bulk Of their
forces have been ordered to clean up
the last German and Romanian pockets
at Odessa and in the Crinea.
Under the circumstances, the Russian
forces in the Tarnopol-Rovno area either
have been unable to make any progress
or have suffered setbacks.
When the Red Armies first reached
that area the Polish underground was
uncertain about its future attitude. The
relations with the Russian command
were unsatisfactory. A number of lead
ing underground leaders who contacted
the Russians were arrested. Some were
shot while others were sent into exile
with large number of suspects" be-
lieved to be supporters of the Polish
government in exile and opponents of
the Moscow-sponsored Polish organiza-
ton.
y \
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-04-13

means, and while
the disorganization
of the German front
may be such that it
is not even a posi-
bility, there are Ger
tain elements of the
situation which sug-
gest that we would
be foolish to rule 1t
out.
The great German
need il to build up
strategic reserves for
the western front.
The Russians have
kept on hammering
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-04-13

the August storms when the planting
Is done.
Prevailing difficulties seem to
derive from resistance to the regime
OF General Maximiliano Hernandez
Martinez, President of the republic
since December 4, 1881. Under the
revised constitution of 1899, he was
scheduled to retire in 1913; but the
national convention extended his
term until January 1, 1945.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-04-13

ideas which neither
Congress nor the adj
m I'M is t r a ton has
been willing to de.
eide.
The selective sery-
Ice director, Gen.
Hershey, is finally
on the right track.
He has yielded to the
plan which has from
the beginning been
urged upon him;
namely, that young
er men make better
soldiers than older
men and that an
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-04-13

mary taking the
trouble to write in
the name Of the New
York Governor Is all
Of a piece with the
popular s tr e n 6 t h
shown by Dewey in
the various tests Of
public opinion - in
CT u d / n g the New
Hampshire and Wis
consin primaries.
In addition to the
Nebraska primary
count, there was
evidence of mount
ing Dewey strength
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-04-13
Urges School for Nurses Aides
A Matter of Principle.

To the Editor of The Star:
want to thank you for the editorial
IN The Sunday Star, headed Senator
Reed Is Right"
There is an important principle in
VOWED IN this matter. I am earnestly
trying to serve that principle. 1t is a
situation that easily lends itself to
preJuolce, From standpoint of discre-
tlon' MISS Kellems leaves something to
be desired
IhlS doesn't change the fact that
mere are circumstances affecting vital
llgnts OF our citizens. Your editorial
Will DE very helpful in clearing the at
Hlosphefe. | want you to know that T
appreciate it. CLYDE M pEED
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-04-13

ward the Polish gov
eminent in exile, or
was dictated merely
by consideration of
military expediency
is uncertain. But
whatever the cause,
the Washington and
London governments
are pleased with the
new trend.
The facts leading
to this turn in, a po-
litical situa t / o n
which for months
has been a disturb
ing factor in rela-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-04-13
"AII q Man Con Ask"
From the Christian Science Monitor.

From the Christian Science Monitor
Stephen Leacock carries with him the
affection of human beings who were
made to laugh when laughter was like
bread to the hungry senses. Leaving
a world so obviously in need Of sense
of humor, 1t is all man can ask that
his fellows should be unable to re.
member him without smile, that
laughter should be the ultimate ex-
preston Of their love.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-04-13

Enemy householders clear out or
hide these days when their homes
are swept by bombs, and do it al
most as fast as American husbands
in this housekeeping season, when
their homes begin to be swept by
brooms.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-04-13

First, there was the pressure against
Inducing essential workers and the adj
ministration never did define what was
meant by essential" Authority to
make definitions rested for awhile In
the selective service staff and then was
placed in the War Manpower Commits
sion and finally was transferred back
again to the selective service system.
Then there was the pressure from
agriculture to defer needed workers, ir-
respective Of age. This sort of pres
sure was reflected in Congress where
also the demand that fathers, irrespec-
tive OF age, be deferred kept the ques-
ton unsettled for long time. Mean
while. for some unexplained reason men
above SO were being indicted until Gen.
Marshall publicly said he didn't think
they were physically able for military
purposes in modern war.
The administration STAYED off the eff
fort to defer all fathers by bringing in
the legislation needed to induct 49,
year-olds. One set of circumstances
evidently was weighed against another
50 that the whole draft problem became
q curious mixture of conflicting pur-
poses and pressures.
i
On top of the difficulties Of arriving
at a policy as between age on the
one hand and occupational essentially
on the other, there was the failure of
the administration to stop volunteering
and put all manpower on a selective
basis. There was time when a uni
verSal service law that selected every
citizen on the basis of his usefulness
to his country, whether in active or
limited service, might have been enacted
but after the whole thing got tangled
up into a contest between age and oc-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-04-13

thoughts the possibility of a German
counter offensive on the eastern front.
While this is not a certainty by any
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-04-13
AS the military situation in that adopted me
The Draft Problem

The country is at last conscious Of the
draft problem which, ever since the
passage of the Selective Service Act in
1910, has presented a conflict of basic
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-04-13

According to Nazi report, Goeb-
bells, has just been made president"
OF Berlin. 1t is thought that after a.
few more bombs fall, one term will
be more than enough to satisfy him.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-04-13
This Changing World

Russian-Polish relations have shown
improvement recently. Whether this in
dicates definite change of heart on
the part of the Moscow government to-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-04-13
The Political Mill

The Dewey bandwagon rolled faster
and faster this week. The spectacle Of
thousands of voters in the Nebraska Re-
publican presidential preferential pri-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-04-13

1t is thought that the Grand
Canyon, traditional depository of
used razor blades. is still big enough
to take care of used Willkie buttons.