davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1944-10-23
Gallery Treasures Back

The public shares David E. Fin
ley's sense of relief in knowing that
the precious works of art for which
he is responsible as director Of the
National Gallery have been re-
turned to the home provided for
them by Andrew w. Mellon. 1t was
the most notably important and
valuable pictures and marbles that
were evacuated" when the military
authorities believed that Washing
ton was in danger of being bombed
by the Germans. The spaces left by
their removal properly could not be
filled with lesser material. Visitors
who were familiar with the exhibit
ton rooms as they appeared before
Pearl Harbor felt the absence of the
Raphaels, Botticellis, Luinis, Rem
brandts, Van Dycks and Vermeers.
Mr.. Finley's disclosure that it was
at Biltmore House in the Blue Ridge
Mountains near Asheville that the
Gallery's masterpieces we're hidden
revives interest in the mansion
which Baedeker's Guide to the
United States calls probably the
finest private residence in America"
Constructed to the order of the late
George w. Vanderbilt, it was de-
signed by Richard Morris Hunt in
the French baronial style and fits
perfectly into the cultivated for
ests and farms by which it is sur
rounded. Within its walls are shell
tered an independent collection of
paintings, tapestries and books
worth millions of dollars. The man
who gathered them was a man of
authentic genius-a scholar who
spoke eight languages, was skilled
naturalist, established new methods
in agriculture and stock raising.
founded a famous nursery specializ-
ing in the trees and the plants of the
Appalachian region, gave generous
gifts to creative endeavor in many
different fields and, coincidentally,
though caring little for finance"
increased his Inherited fortune ma
terially by his own management
of it.
When the dramatic story of how
the National Gallery came into ex-
istence and was received by the
people of the United States finally
is told, as perhaps no one but Mr..
Finley himself can tell it, the num-
ber of great names connected with
the tale will be surprising to the
average reader. Mr.. Vanderbilt has
been dead since 1914, yet he still is
a benefactor of his country in the
sense that his home in the hills of
North Carolina furnished hospital
ity to three huge vanloads of the
Gallery's irreplaceable treasures in a
season Of emergency. Now that the
paintings and sculptured works are
Evening star., 1944-10-23

When we speak about Western
Hemisphere policy, and the Good
Neighbor concept, we are inclined to
think of the republics south of the
Rio Grande. We know how difficult it
has been to overcome suspicious be-
tween gigantic republic like our own
and smaller and weaker ones. 1t Is
always the matters that are still prob
lens that encourage discussion; accom-
pliShed achievements vanish from our
minds.
But what is the ultimate idea of the
Good Neighbor Policy? When discuss
ing it with citizens of Latin American
states, it often seems something tenu-
Gus, and it is just that which some
times arouses suspicion. Yet it can be
demonstrated in actuality There is a
master example: The relations between
the United States, and our northern
nelghbor, the Dominion of Canada.
I thought of this while listening the
other night, at session of the HeNald
Tribune forum, to 13 minutes of inspir-
ing and informative address delivered
by G.. George McCullagh, the vigorous
young editor publisher of the Toronto
Globe and Mail. Mr.. McCullagh, dur
ing this war, has been one of the
mlghtiest links between American,
Canadian and British journalism.
The title of his address was Canada,
the Linch-Pin Between the United
States and the British Commonwealth. u
In his own field, Mr.. McCullagh has
been a personal linch-pin, for he has
fought for wider opportunities for
American journalists in Great Britain,
and has even transported some of them
there, and turned them loose to see An
ardent Canadian patriot. jealous of
Canadian nationhood, he has been a
tireless exponent of the interdependence
Of Canada, the United States, and Brit
ain, with no prejudice to any of the
Allies.
And good neighbor policy, seen from
Canada has yet another aspect. For
Canada is the nearest American neigh
Dor OF the Soviet Union, and Canadians
are increasingly conscious of this fact.
The 1000 miles of unfortifed frontier
between ourselves and Canada. are now
accepted almost as an act of nature.
But Mr.. McCullagh pointed out that this
was not always so, and that it developed
after some serious crisis. THE war of
1872 was considered an opportune time
by many people in the United States to
make Canada part of the American re-
public"
Mr.. McCullagh reminded us that when
the British burned part of the city of
Washington, Americans also burned part
OF the city of Muddy York-now Tor
onto. And yet only half century after
we decided to begin a new deal in our
Evening star., 1944-10-23
MONDAY, October %, 1914
Mrs. Wilkes Statement

The widespread conjecture over
how Wendell Willkie would have
voted had he lived, whether he
would have supported Governor
Dewey or President Roosevelt, was
perhaps inevitable. AS the former
titular head of the Republican party
and as a leader with an unquestion-
ably large following, he had not
announced his position before he
died, and some degree of specula-
tion scarcely could have been avoided
In the circumstances.
But speculation has its limits, and
IN this case it quickly went beyond
the area of good taste and degener-
ated into what amounted to little
more than partisan effort to make
capital out of the situation by put
ting words into the mouth Of a great
American who could no longer speak
for himself. Unwittingly and other
wise, newspaper writers, radio COM
mentators and politicians on both
sides of the fence were the actors in
this none too inspiring spectacle,
revealing condolences they had once
received and presuming to demon
strate thereby the exact course Mr..
Willkie had intended to follow, some
saying that 1t was clear beyond
doubt that he would have endorsed
Mr.. Dewey, and others saying the
precise opposite.
The one person who knew him far
better than anybody else, however,
was Mrs. Willkie, and Mrs. Willkie,
in her deep personal bereavement,
has at last been driven by the pre-
sumptuous to such a point of dis
tress that she has had to request
them to put an end to the whole
sorry business. II am sure he had
not made his decision" she says.
mo one could speak for him while
he was living, and I ask, out of re-
spect for his memory, that no one
should attempt to speak for him
now"
From this point on a sense Of
decency must compel all those con-
cerned to stop using Wendell Will
kie's honored name as a ward-heel-
ing device to win votes. The thing
has gone too far and become too
cheap to be tolerable any longer.
Mrs. WILKES simple and moving
statement is definite enough to serve
as the last word on the subject.
Evening star., 1944-10-23
Historic Feat

Mulberry A" and Mulberry B"
probably never entered Nazi calcu-
lations prior to the invasion of
France. Presumably the Anglo
American Allies would have to have
ports; presumably they could not
effect large-scale landings of men
and supplies directly on the beaches
in the teeth of murderous fire
from everywhere along the "im-
pregnable" Atlantic Wall. But as
President Roosevelt revealed at his
press conference the other day, the
"Mulberry'-made up of whales"
"Phoenixes" and "gooseberries" -
was one of our "secret weapons"
and the Berlin High Command ap-
parently had failed to reckon with it.
Translated out of the code Ian
guage, Mulberry A" and Mulberry
B" constituted something entirely
new in warfare-a project in which
our invasion forces literally took
along their own ports with them.
About 100000 tons. of worn-out
Liberty Ships and other rickety yes
sells were lined up in rows and delib-
erately sunk to form breakwaters
off the Normandy beaches; concrete
caissons were put down, and float
ing causeways were towed to the
scene and anchored to floating piers.
These were the component parts
the whales" "Phoenixes" and
"gooseberries" - that made up the
whole of Mulberry A" and "Mul-
berry B" and permitted the unload
Ing Of tanks, trucks, ETC.. simply by
Evening star., 1944-10-23

-
The operations of Field Marshal Sir
Bernard L. Montgomerys 21st Army
group in the Netherlands are of i'm
mediate and important significance.
On this sector of the front perhaps
the most notable gain is the gradual
compression of the German bridgehead
on the south bank of the Schelde
estuary. The country is here extraordi-
narily difficult for an attacking force.
Not only is movement off the roads
virtually impossible in most places be-
cause Of the swampy terrain, but the
roads themselves are elevated above the
general level of the countryside, so that
movement upon them can be observed
and fired upon from considerable dis
tances.
Nevertheless the Canadians have
steadily advanced, gaining point after
point; 1t does not seem likely that the
Germans can now reinforce their troops
in this bridgehead, and If they cannot,
then it should not be very long before
the south bank of the estuary is fully
in Allied hands.
Farther to the east Gen. Montgomery's
forces are making good progress north
of Antwerp. Here their objectives ap-
pear to be the road centers of Bergen
op Zoom, Roosendaal, Breda and TIL
burg. The capture of Bergen op zoom,
in particular, would definitely cut off
the causeway to the islands of South
Beveland and Walcheren, and prepare
the way for attack on those positions,
which if successful would reopen the
Schelde estuary and therefore the port
of Antwerp, to Allied shipping.
In this connection, however, it should
be noted that considerable work may
have to be done in the estuary itself,
after the Germans have been driven
from its banks before any great volume
of shipping can come up to the Antwerp
docks The official North Sea Pilot"
states that the channel is subject to
many changes, due to shifting sand
banks and in some places the depth of
water necessary for ocean-going ships
has to be maintained by dredging.
1t seems quite likely, therefore, that
when the Germans have been driven
back our engineers may have to resurvey
the channel, establish new aids to navi-
cation and perhaps undertake extensive
dredging operations to make up for
months during which dredging has not
been possible. This is Just one more
example Of the infinite amount Of hard
work that has to 60 into the task Of
supplying . great army Sighting In .
Evening star., 1944-10-23
Nostalgia
iuction Rights Reserved. }

Though seasons naope on subtle feet
OF buds that leaf, then falling gold.
There is house, a timelesS street
Where hare liued and shall grow old.
One day the door ,piu not be distant:
No more to feel times discipline.
Then, miles tDiu scatter unresistant:
Returned, PH find loDed things within:
The pictures on the shelf, dads chair,
My room iDith all the books In place,
The smell OF oak in cellar air
And reDerent hush at nealtime grace.
This IS no dream OF yesterday;
The house Dtthstands times pen
dulunl.
These months, these years, piu, pass
dtDdy
And homs tpiH be there phen come.
CORPL. RICHARD Z. BODTKE.
Evening star., 1944-10-23
The Netherlands Front
By Mai. Georqe Fieldiue EI;of

TfeIdfHg EHOf
distant land and dependent on a long
sea-borne line supply.
y y -
Still farther to the east of the posi-
tlons already named, the British have
opened up sudden, surprise attack
against the Dutch road and rail CEN
ter of S Hertogenbosch. This is of
especial Importance, for if this CITY
should be liberated the Germans would
be deprived of an important railway line
There are only two lines available to
them which connect their forces in the
southern Netherlands and the coastal
islands with the northern Netherlands
and Germany-that is only two which
have bridges across the Waal River.
though there are one or two rail ferries.
One OF these bridges is Just north of
s Hertogenbosch; the other is the IA
NOUS Moerdijk Bridge If IS Hertogen-
bosch is taken, the Moerdijk Bridge will
be the only railway crossing of the
WAL which remains in German hands.
and it will, of course, become an i'm
mediate target for concentrated air
attack.
1t seems well within the possibilities
of the immediate future that the Ger
mans may be pushed back to and be-
yond the Waal, thus clearing the whole
southern area of the Netherlands of the
enemy and freeing the left flank of the
Allied forces of a constant pressure
which cannot be disregarded as long
as the Germans remain south of the
WAL in any strength. 1t was this
pressure which was in part, at any
rate, responsible for the check at
Anthem. 1t seems very likely that
General Eisenhower may wish to rid
himself of this thorn in his side as a
part OF his general preparation for a
major offensive thrust toward Ger
many.
This consideration is quite aside from
the necessity for opening the port of
Antwerp to Allied use at the earliest
possible moment. AS for the Dutch
ports, notably Rotterdam, which would
come within the possible scope of furth-
er left-fank offensives after the Waal
has been reached, it is hardly to be
expected that they will be retaken in
usable condition, and the time factor
does not seem to encourage the belief
that Rotterdam or any other Dutch
port will be of much value to the Allied
supply system for some months to
come. In other words, from the supply
viewpoint we should keep our eyes on
Antwerp.
tcopyrisht. 1914. New York Tribune, IneJ
Evening star., 1944-10-23
This Changing World
By Constantine Brown

Military observers here say our
chances of smashing the Siegfried Line
before the beginning of the winter are
Is per cent--a slightly higher percent
age than two weeks ago.
The battle for Aachen showed us the
extent of the Germans determination
to dispute every inch OF their territory.
Heinrich Himmler, in whose hands the
total mobilization and defense of the
homeland has been placed, has ordered
troops recruited mainly in the Rhine
land to man the defenses leading to
Cologne. These soldiers In theory are
fighting for the Nazi doctrines, but in
fact are defending native towns and
villages.
Similar concentrations are being made
in all threatened areas of the Reich.
The NaZi high command is playing on
the psychological factor that the men
who are defending their own villages
will fight with greater determination
than those from other provinces.
#*
The stubborn resistance at Aachen.
which before the war was considered
one of the few anti-Nazi cities in the
Reich, was perfect illustration of the
defensive system adopted by Himmler.
The bulk of the troops fighting in and
outside the first large German city to
be occupied by American troops were
drawn from that district and they
fought to the end against overwhelming
Odds
After the breakthrough in Normandy
German troops appeared demoralized.
The evident superiority of the American
fighting machine and the troubles on
the home front, where intense purges
were taking place seem to have dis
heartened not only the men in the ranks
but also their officers. Concrete evidence
OF this frame of mind was the mass
surrender OF SO many important units
which, instead of attempting to fight
their way through the American lines,
preferred to surrender even to the once
despised French Maquis. In the last
few weeks. however, there were no
wholesale surrenders. Prisoners were
taken, of course but the "bapo wa c
Evening star., 1944-10-23

small in proportion to the number of
men engaged.
Chances Of rebellion on the home
front have diminished temporarily. 1t
appears that Himmler is relying heavily
on the impression created recently in
Germany that the Allies desire not only
the defeat of the German armies but
also the total destruction of the empire
and the enslayement of its people. The
recent decree Of the commander of the
German home front ordering the arm
Ing OF all men between 16 and so and
their preparation as guerrilla fighters in
areas invaded by the Allies confirms the
theory that Himmler no longer fears a
revolutionary outbreak.
n II
In the past high-ranking American
and British officers believed that the
situation created by the revolt of the
home front in 1918 could not be repeated
because of the Gestapo. They pointed
out that German masses were deprived
OF weapons and could not have reason
able change of staging a successful rev.
olution when the Reichs internal police,
fanatically Hitler, had all the mod
ern weapons.
The fact that Himmler has placed
rifles and machine guns in the hands
OF the bulk of the male population
indicates that he relies on their fear of
being exterminated by the Allies and
does not believe that henceforth he must
use Gestapo methods to keep them in
check.
The concentration of new forces which
have just managed to return from the
Balkans; the defense of the threatened
areas by native" soldiers and the arm
ing OF the entire male population as a
defensive guerrilla force tend to prove
that the Allies will have to fight their
way into the Reich inch by inch and
that large sweeping movements such as
Gen. Patton's in France are not likely
to occur.
This will mean heavier losses than have
been anticipated and greater supply
effort for the armies which are desig-
mated to break through Germany's West
Wall
Evening star., 1944-10-23

A man recently tried to murder
his wife because she would not help
him make out his income tax return.
Other taxpayers consider his action
a highly discourteous gesture to a
$500 exemption.
Evening star., 1944-10-23
driving them to land from ships
standing $500 feet offshore.

driving them to land from ships
standing $500 feet offshore.
Mulberry B'--the artificial har-
Dor for the American segment Of
the invasion coast-did not fare so
well, three-day gale all but wreck
ing it fortnight after the first
landings. But within a month after
June 6, Mulberry A"-the harbor
for the British segment-was un-
loading 10000 tons of supplies daily.
The two together, according to the
President, were designed to give a
greater delivery capacity than Cher
bourg, and they can be credited in
no small measure with the fact that
% days after D day about 100000
Allied troops had been put ashore in
Normandy, plus 650,000 tons of sup
plies and more than 180, 1000 vehicles.
Indeed, 1t does not seem too much
to say that the whole Allied ven-
ture in France might have come to
grief without them.
In the history books, therefore,
the word Mulberry" will certainly
have an honored meaning, and the
men responsible for the project will
merit chapter all their oWn-the
men who first thought up the idea
and the men who planned it and
finally carried it out, not least of
all those who braved enemy fire in
putting into position the long lines
OF ships that were sunk to form
breakwaters. Some military experts
have described the undertaking as
"the eighth wonder of the world"
To the Germans who did not antici-
pate it, it must have seemed little
short of that-a feat without prec-
edent or parallel since wars began.
Evening star., 1944-10-23

Some think that one might as
we'll try to "agriculturize" Pitts
burgh or Detroit as to do it to Ger
many. The effect on the rest of
Europe and the world would be
similar. in the latter case, to the
effect Of the former on this country,
Evening star., 1944-10-23

Germans specializing on the shape
OF things to come in the Reich this
fall have their answer from General
Eisenhower. The shape will be that
of a cigar, and they will weigh
several tons apiece.
Evening star., 1944-10-23

When an American plane landed
a horse recently on a South Sea
island, the natives, who had never
before seen one, treated it with fear
and respect. Their attitude was
remarkably intelligent for persons
wholly unacquainted with the civili-
cation of Laurel or Pimlico.
Evening star., 1944-10-23
Some Of Them Do

From the st. Louis Post-Dispatch
Their recent round of fracases indi-
Gates that Hollywood heroes think q
night club Is the kind you hit people
over the head with.
Evening star., 1944-10-23

back where they belong, it is only
just that salute Of gratitude to the
departed owner of Biltmore House be
offered. The trustees of his estate
merit the thanks of the Nation.
Evening star., 1944-10-23

tinually hacking away constructively on
himself.
The vast numbers in our armed forces'
constitute great field for evangelism
at present. The u S. foreign policy in
the future will be given punch by
large standing Army, Navy and Air
Force. just think of the thousands of
young men who will be drawn together
from all parts of the Nation into these
three great militant bodies. The very
idea of it overwhelms me. Let me say:
Young men everywhere: If you want
to perform ministry that will tell for
time and eternity, prepare yourselves
now to enter the chaplaincy I know it
has its rough aspects, but remember the
possibilities, the adventure for God, the
great need, the superb challenge.
FARREL E. EVANS.
Somewhere in France.
Editors note = The above let
ter reached The Star from Chaplain
Evans with note saying: Received
copy of The Star today. Surely
enjoyed it." His letter is printed as
an interesting observation on the
work and opportunities of chaplains
In the combat areas)
Evening star., 1944-10-23
Member of the Associated Press.

Entered at the Post once, Washineton d. c..
as second-class mail matter.
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1944-07-29
DR.. DU BOTS
TO DIRECT
RESEARCH
On NAACP staff
For Special Job

NFv YORK; Announcement
tbaf pf W IS o imnN- VII ioln
the stsf ~ rs. NNAfr beginning
Sept ! as t'feoto oi ~pe, "a re-
-aarch va announced hy Walfer
vhr, ai the NAACr Wartime a-
fcrres mss- nfeIur in chirhcN.
Look 20 Fence
nf pGNois nlna vnk w''l he
iho prDpAlaimn o mHrfmi 'o ho
presented rs the f,ac, conference
or conferences aiief ih, close ~
the vW in hshalf me peoples ~
Nrica and oihct eolorcd groups ~
as 20 demand for fhem an assured
siaus ~ security ard progress 20
Mo 20 war Ncrid
The SECOND objective VIII pc the
afraneemeui oi statements articles
ard hotk i,te as weil ss ihe coilcr
tion OF f,t and documents cou
ctruine he peoples 81 Africa and
their descendsrts in order 20 fotfn
a body OF knowledge and literature
designed 20 educate The world IN
matters n race and cultural RIA
tons.
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1944-07-29
20 Youths Chosen
At Conservatory OF
Music Additions

In The voice addition cont So
conducted Tuesday night by ine
Detroit Parks aud Recreation a.
partmcnts and the Detroit Fad
Grafton % Musicians fifty con
testants competed AZ The Detroit
Conservatory Of Music 1woriv
OF tho fifty were selected hv 'ln
JUDGES 10 compete in TIE lliAi
ambition Two ~ them were ed
ord ono was Vivian NNnn So
pano. Who sang ID lialau pu,
chls "One Fine pay She IS o
pupil of celeste Coic The oilpr
si,coessml contestant WAS Laa
r,ncr watson tenor a9ed %
81 East kirby lie SAM fhe
inns or Home"
The twenty singers selected for
me final ambition viii co'npye
"Wednesday niahl Ans . at Ni3
Pm ~ the Belle Isle she'll tinh
viii be- selected hy comneirpi
musical judges The winners VIII
sing for Tho remainder ~ me
season with The Detroit Fedsr1.
ton of Musicians hand The puh.
lic is invited
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1944-07-29
Democrats Negro
Plank Is Splinter
Says Walter White

NEW YORK. CITY Nflcr cri'-
iceine tho negro plank in the
National Republican platform and
giving the public The impression
TIA, he was Enthusiastically M
support OF the Democratic party
in This presidential election can-
paien walter White executive
secretary OF the National Assoc
cation For The Advancement OF
Colorcd Peorlc surprised me
laHlic again by calling nc So
called Negro pink IN The Nation
81 democratic platform "a spin
tor"
Tho National association Tor
Tho Advancement Of colored Feo-
ME his week issued the follow
ine statement signed by Walter
White secretary REGARDING me
tcontInucd on page y