davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1944-07-30
Crockup
CONTINUED From. Page C-l.1

than through Britain. II we view
Europe from the purely military
point of view, which must disregard
political developments, the future
burden of the war will fall princi-
pally on the shoulders of the United
States. We have the men and
necessary war implements in this
country fully prepared to assume
the full responsibility of defeating
the enemy.
Pacific Theater U. s. Problem.
In the Pacific theater of opera
tions, the defeats dealt the Japanese
are due solely to the skill of the
American high command in that
area and the abnegation and hero
ism of the American fighting men
in all the branches of the various
services.
The political men who have de-
termined the strategy of the United
States in this war have considered
the Japanese as enemy No. 2, and it
had been decided that the best we
could hope for would be an offensive
defensive operation. The British
Navy helped us in the Pacific in that
1t assumed the responsibility in the
Atlantic and the Mediterranean.
Consequently, our fast production of
men Of war of all types enabled
Admiral Ernest j. King to send more
than 80 per cent of the new ships,
ranging from new 45,0O0-ton battle
ships to PIT boats, to Admiral
Chester w. Nimitz.
With that large naval force, and
with the few divisions of marines
and army available for the Pacific
area, Admiral Nimitz, in conjunction
with Gen. Douglas Macarthur, was
able to break through the peripheric
defenses Of Japan and actually
enter the inner arc of the Nipponese
Notifications. The recent political
upheavals in Tokyo, which cost Gen.
TOTO his job as Premier, are clear
indication of the surprise which was
caused in the highest quarters in
Tokyo by the unexpected arrival of
the American forces at Saipan. The
Japanese have less steady nerves
than the Germans because they are
less sure of themselves. Conse-
quently, they react more speedily to
unfavorable developments.
japanese Morale Suffers.
The reverses suffered by the Japa-
neSe forces since the defeat at
Guadalcanal could not be hidden
from the Japanese people much
longer. When the news that the
Americans had actually reached
japanese -oWned land situated less
than 1000 miles from Tokyo was
given out, state of panic developed
in Japan. The dismissal of Toto is
only pale indication of the frame
OF mind of the japanese people and
their Emperor But it is considered
about as significant as the rebellion
of the German generals.
Emperor Hirohito is a safety valve
which the Germans, who have a
self-imposed dictator, do not possess.
No one here would be surprised to
hear soon that all those in the
powerful military CLIQUE which
started the war in 1891 with the
occupation of Manchuria were in
vited to commit hara-kiri with all
the ritual to Japan.
What Admiral Nimitz and Gen.
Macarthur had undertaken less
than a year ago as a mere defen-
sive-offensive operation has been
changed into an actual offensive
which will continue relentlessly until
Japan surrenders.
The American military men,
backed by those who have produced
the war tools in the United States.
have done the job alone.
Evening star., 1944-07-30
Continued From Page C-1)

rights of the President as Com.
mander in Chief and the Congress
In the lectures delivered before the
Columbia Law School in 1919
George Sutherland, three years later
to become an associate justice oi
the United States Supreme Court
sought to distinguish between the
powers of the President and those
of the Commander in Chief. Wher
war was declared, he said, "the
duty and power of waging war i'm
mediately attaches to the Office ol
Commander in Chief, not to the
Office of President. Many persont
are in the habit of thinking of the
President as possessing extensive
war powers, simply because he Is
President in time of war, but. / re.
peat, such war powers are his by
virtue of being Commander ir
Chief, and not by virtue of being
President.
The Office of Commander ir
Chief having been created by the
Constitution without prescribing the
functions and powers to be exer-
icised, it necessarily results that
these are to be determined by as
pertaining what functions and pow
ers are recognized by the laws OF
war as belonging to that office; and
when these have been ascertained
the line which separates the wal
powers of Congress from the wal
powers of the Commander in Chief
will have been fixed. 80
Whatever any Commander in
Chief may do under the laws and
practices of war, as recognized and
followed by civilized nations, may be
done by the President as Comman-
DIR in Chief. In carrying on hos
tilities he possesses sole authority
and is charged with sole response
bility, and Congress is excluded from
any direct interference.
In the command of the military
forces, and in the conduct of the
military operations he may adopt
any means, or follow any place OF
method his judgment, or the judg-
ment of his advisers and military
subordinates, may approve, subject
to the single restriction that he dc
not transcend the rules and uSages
of war authorized and recognized by
the law of nations
Precedents Are Cited.
The very nature of the President S
position as chief political officer OF
the United States has made it in
escapable that his acts as Com
mander in Chief in time of war OF
insurrection will involve decision
and actions on the highest political
level. The precedent was set when
President Washington followed the
urging of Alexander Hamilton, and
others, and made the political deci-
sion to march against the Whisky
Rebels in Western Pennsylvania.
The militia army he summoned
in 1893 was larger than any he had
commanded at any time during the
Revolutionary War He established
personal headquarters at Carlisle
Pa, where the troops were gathered
and did not return to the Capital
until the rebels had pleaded fol
Evening star., 1944-07-30
Brief Reviews
POETRY.

Collected Poems of william Alex.
ander Percy, foreword by Roark
Bradford CKnopD.
This Is My Beloved, by Walter
Benton KnopO-A collection OF
love poems. The author writes a
talented prose.
They Burned the Books. bv
Stephen Vincent Benet (Farrar 4.
Rinehar)-Short play in verse in
which authors whose works are
banned by the Nazis comment on
the procedure. Routine.
Wonderings. by John Masefield
(Macmillan)-Long poem on the
sensations Of childhood. Pretty dead
level. Ne"u
HISTORY.
The Making Of Modern China hv
owen and Eleanor baltimore INor,
toD-A simplified and readahl.
volume for ordinary citizens
The Elizabethan World pictur. ~,
Z. M. w. Tillyard CMacmillanl-x
study Of the Elizabethan attit,,de
toward the world, physical and
AMERICANA.
A Treasury Of American Folklore
EDITED by B. A. Botkin Grown
stories, legends. tall tales. ballad.
and songs allegekly indigenous
Evening star., 1944-07-30

nian Island to the south of Saipar
going especially we'll, and the cam
paign in Guam making rapid prog
ress against stiff defense.
Most interesting development of
the week, however, was the an
nouncement yesterday that the big
BIG Super Fortresses which have
twice raided Japan itself, struck
heavily at Mukden and surround
ing manufacturing centers in Man
chukuo, where Japan has important
war industries. From time to time
there have been hints that Japan
might be ready to abandon her home
islands If the pressure becomes too
great and concentrate her defenses
in Msnchuria, to which heavy in
dustry has already been moved in
some quantity. If that is the plan,
the B-29 bombers have just demon
strated that the frying pan in Man.
chukuo will be no more comfortable
than the fire in Japan.
The Japanese force which num-
bered some $4,000 trapped on New
Guinea made additional futile and
fatal efforts to break through Amer
lcan positions and escape. March,
ing forward in close packed COL
umns, the Japs in four different
thrusts moved into a concentrated
fire from American artillery which
blew many of them to bits. Such as
survived were quickly wiped out by
infantry. How many of the original
IS 900 remain Is not known.
While the landings on Tinian and
Guam were being expanded, Gen.
MacArthur's bombers struck at Yap,
Woleai, Ponape and Palau on Tues
day. During the week, also, a naval
task force including aircraft car
riers carried on an attack which
lasted several days against Palau,
once an important enemy naval base
about 800 miles from Mindanao in
the Philippines. A convoy was at
tackled near Truk also, with the en-
emy losing 10 ships including a de-
1stroyer.
The Japanese main fleet still is in
hiding. 'The time is not ripe" said
Tokyo, ITO strike the coup de grace
against the American fleet. Tokyo
admitted that the American fleet
now has air superiority, the decid-
Ing factor in naval engagements
now.
Evening star., 1944-07-30
Never q Dull Moment
By Charles Francis Coe. Hast
ingS House,

By Charles Francis Coe. Hast
ingS House,
When the author started to write
his autobiography it is doubtful that
he intended to write a history of
the past two decades, but that is the
result which he achieved
Mr.. Coe is we'll known as a sports
announcer, crimonologist, author
and writer. In writing the story of
his own life he has, by necessity, told
the story of America from the gas
lit era through the start of the pres
ent war.
The book tells of the work which
the author did in order to collect
the material for his many crime
and sports stories, and the names
of people who made American his
tory during the past 20 years ap-
pear frequently.
Apparently man of deep feeling.
Mr.. Coe has mingled an interesting
philosophy of life with the reason-
ing of gangsters with whom he came
In contact during the time he was
writing his numerous exposes of
crime waves of the late '20s and early
'3Os.
When "Socker," as Mr.. Coe is
known. tells of his DAYS as a youth,
then as sailor in the Navy and
later as prize fighter, you feel
that he would make one of the most
interesting characters to come from
one of his own fiction stories.
Mr.. Coe speaks of gangsters. con-
men, actors. millionaires, ambassa-
doris and champions of the ring with
familiarity and ease.
The book is easily read and in
cludes much that makes it worth
while. 1t should be a must" for
writer's, criminologists and histo-
rians, for it tells many things that
should be studied by those who are
interested in crime and offers good
lessons to those who would follow in
Mr.. Goes footsteps.
For the layman it is a revelation
which lays bare the intimate life of
one of Americas most interesting
ngures. JOHN A. MACK.
Evening star., 1944-07-30
Soldiers Given Eneray

The chairman of the Medical
Council of the Red Army claims
that fenamin. new energy -produc-
ing preparation developed by Rus
sian scientists, gives Red Army SOL
diers the strength to fight from "A
to 36 hours at . stretch Unnecessary.
Evening star., 1944-07-30

duties OF the two offices upon the
same man. Furthermore, no politi-
cal surgeon has yet figured out how
to take the knife and operate on
the Nations No. / Man, so that his
right hand will run the war, and his
left hand will run for President.
Evening star., 1944-07-30
Best Sellers
EVCTUnN

Strange fTult, Dy Lillian
Smith.
A Bell for Adano, by John
Hersey.
The Razor's Edge, by w.
Somerset Vaughan.
The Robe, by Lloyd c. Doug
las.
Joseph, the Provider, by
Thomas Mann.
NONFICTION.
I Never Left Home, by Bob
Hope.
Yankee From Olympus, by
Catherine Drinker Bowen.
Ten Years in Japan, by Jo-
seph C. Grew.
Here Is Your War, by Ernie
Pyle.
The Time for Decision, by
Sumner Welles.
Evening star., 1944-07-30
The Guys on the Ground
By Capt. Alfred Friendly
Eagle Books.)
Nor Death Disney

By Samuel Duff Mccoy. Mac
milldn.)
Here are two volumes inspired by
the less spectacular heroes of our
war. The first deals with the men
who keep the planes flying. The
second treats of the merchant ma
rine. They are both full of material
to make any American proud.
In The Guys on the Ground" to be
sure, the stories run more to accounts
of resourcefulness than to tales of
heroism, though there are plenty of
the latter. The problem of the 40
ground workers needed to keep every
ship in the air is how to make do
to contrive and construct whatever
may be required from whatever is at
hand, and do it on time. The case
Of the Tennessee boy out in India
who needed generator cannon plugs
for four Liberators and made them
out of bullock horns amputated from
passing team is typical one. As
Capt. Friendly puts it, he was seek
ing a substance that could be ma
chined, that would not crack OF
break, that would withstand heat
and that would not conduct elec-
tricity." He did not know about the
horns, but he had to produce and
made guess and experiment showed
him he was right. Though with a
Southern accent, it was the old YAM
kee ingenuity, and Capt. Friendly
book is solidly full OF tales no less
spectacular. What 1t adds I'D to is
contained in the remark that people
who lament that we have lost our
pioneer skillfulness by habitual use
Of machines just do not know what
they are talking about. It's that old
resourcefulness that makes the ma
chimes 60. that and nothing else
The book is really grand reading.
Tales Of the merchant l.larine sea-
men and their risks of death by tor
pedoes, mines. dive bombers and
shellfire have beer, somewhat more
Evening star., 1944-07-30

fathers plan for the Chinese nation
comprised three periods - one of
liquidation of the Manchu dynasty,
one of tutelage of the people in dem
ocratic government and, finally,
democracy itself. China was still in
the second phase when Japan at
tackled her. She has been fairly
busy ever since.
just the same she has not forgot
ten her original plan and, even in
the midst of war, has drawn up a
democratic constitution and pro-
mulgated a decree that the national
assembly shall meet within a year
after the end of the war to ratify
the document. Several of the papers
in the present collection describe
the provisions of the proposed plan
of state Though there Is but one
political party in China today, the
future government is not to be a
one party affair.
In general its aim is to secure
political democracy in combination
with planned economy, by which
latter phrase is meant government
ownership of the means of produc-
tion and private enterprise in man
agement and operation through
leasing and similar provisions. DR..
Sun explains that China, with a
large backward population and a
need for rapid industrialization, is
faced with the same problem as
confronted Russia after her revolu-
ton and consequently must adopt
somewhat the same means. He does
not consider the Russian system of
full government ownership desir-
able, however, and commends the
compromise. incidentally, he be-
rates the Chinese Communist
armies as sabotaging the war ef-
fort and trading with the enemy.
His book. while full of evidence
OF broad and flexible understand
ing of his own nations situation,
contains a repeated error in regard
to the western democracies. He re-
iterates constantly that capitalism
and imperialism are inseparable-a
doctrinaire cliche quite unsup-
ported by facts. For the great en-
pire of the present world-the
British-was acquired before capi-
talsm was more than in it's in
fancy, and mainly not as result of
government policy but through the
enterprise of individual adventurers,
who frequently had difficulty in con-
vlncing the home government of
the soundness of their venturing
And, precisely as capitalism has
grown as a system, the empire has
been progressively disbanded. AS
for the United States. it has never
been imperialistic, and it is only
now, when leftist ideas are being
attached to our governmental phi
losophy, that one hears of "an
American century" and similar ad-
vocacies of world leadership on our
part. 1t is hard to understand how
an intellect as clear as DR.. Suns
could have been clouded by so child
ish tag. But, as regards his own
country. his book contains much
valuable information not generally
possessed by Americans, who need
to have it.
The Guys on the Ground
By Capt. Alfred Friendly.
Eagle BookS.J
Nor Death Disney
By Samuel Duff Mccoy. Mac
nlillGn.J
Here are two volumes inspired by
the less spectacular heroes of our
war. The first deals with the men
who keep the planes flying. The
second treats of the merchant ma
rine. They are both full of material
to make any American proud.
In THE Guys on the Ground" to be
sure, the stories run more to accounts
Evening star., 1944-07-30
Gateway to Asia

By Martin r. Norins. John
Day.
This informative little volume is
a handbook to Sinkiang, that border
province of China which has sud-
denly assumed Importance as
possible strategic route for an at
tack on Japan. Lying contiguous to
both Russia and India and access
sible by way of Alaska and the Ber-
ing Strait, Sinkiang offers a back
door to the United Nations if they
propose to use it. Martin r. Norins
has made a study of the province
from this point of view. He re-
minds us that, in the days of old
trans-Eurasian silk road, the land
knew regular trade between East
and West and that this traffic,
which died out with the rise OF
maritime trading in the 18th CEN
tury, now seems likely to be revived
via the airplane and the motor
truck. Sinkiang, which lay stagnat-
ing until the early '30s, has been
somewhat prepared for the change
by the leadership of one Sheng
Shih-ts al, pupil of Chang Kali
shek, who cleaned out the local war
lords and undertook a program of
modernization, education and popu-
lar government about decade ago.
Mr.. Norins reviews the rich natural
resources Of the province, its rela-
tions with China and Russia and its
probable future His book is a COM
pendium of thoroughly useful facts.
Evening star., 1944-07-30
By Mary.Car, y Roberts.

commonly told, but they can never
be other than an awe-inspiring rec
ord. Samuel Duff Mccoy has gath
cred together collection of reports
from single shipping company pos
sessed OF 20 ships-American Export
Lines-and told Of the attacks by the
enemy which even so limited fleet
has encountered. The story Of the
Robin Moor and Of the Gripsholm's
historic transfer of passengers are.
included, as are many less famous
but no less fascinating episodes. 1t
Is tragic and magnificent reading,
made the more so by the reflection
that these records Of one company
others.
Lebanon
By Caroline Miller. Double
day, Dordn.)
1t Is hard to know, reading this
novel, whether it was written to
tell story or to exhibit its authors
violent virtuosity in tying the Eng
lish language into fancy knots. 1t
is novel of pioneer times and Miss
Miller has gone in for quaintery
very extensively indeed. She old
Englishes right and left. What re-
suits is mode of expression which
used to be called richly embroid-
cred prose-" back in the '20s when
anything out of the ordinary might
well prove to be genius. But today
it Is just affected 1t has as little
reality, somehow, as a novel in blank
verse.
Well, it is a grim little tale of a
young girl who suffered from being
finely sensitive in rude pioneer
(Southern cypress swamp society.
Into her wilderness life comes a
fine young gentleman who loves her
but cannot marry beneath him.
With this bruise to her heart she
takes the best husband who offers
and goes further into the wilder
ness. There she meets with an
accumulation of misfortunes which
really staggers the Imagination,
ending by being accused of murder.
But she triumphs, as virtue will and,
still young and beautiful Tin spite
OF having one cheek torn open by
bear) comes into some happiness.
One expects it, somehow. Jeweled
prose seldom lets a virtuous heroine
down.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1944-05-04

"a steel
assembled April while u Steers
condition of the nations NO
National
Fairs without blinking he told OF
pivaion stockholders would endure the WB
members OF the
SeelworSers (CIO.
illustrate industry, Faiess claimed
that 81 little ga billion
last million dollars net income
contracted
that
full Fairless
produced VIII
employment Such would inevitably destroy the hanca
ability of
a call the annual
both mpTactabe this demand
the jurisdiction o o determine"
When himself the that
millions refunded by
crrylmck provisions of the
fell the egaisc argument THE policies
with hardly be
S beyond WIB
1.-THE charged the
Whether this believes qualified
These determined by in the light of past
experiences"
national affecting lot of
people"
to
the "a
the
if would
Big Steel fighting the Bureau Labor Statistics figure
the costofHvng
living The method needs ventilation
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1944-05-04
TEN FIRMS PENALIZED

Minneapolis (FP).-Ten Twin Cities
firms which made unauthorized wage
increases have been penalized by the
regional War Labor Board by dis
allowing federal income tax deduc-
tions.
agent. A farm bureau organizer in
search of new members, had the floor.
How many present thought farmers
should join farm organization, ne
asked. Every hand went up. How many
present would join the farm bureau,
he continued. This time not hand
moved. The puzzled farm bureau agent
demanded an explanation.
One man in the audience finally re-
spOnded The farmers in this county
might pick up a red hot poker once
but we aren't fools enough to pick il
up a second time"
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1944-05-04
F arm Bure0u Head
Quits In Dis gust

Jackson, Miss. (FPJ. - Dlsgusted
with the tall silk hat policy Of the
American Farm Bureau Federation.
small farmers here, including the presl-
dent of the county farm bureau, are
joining the trek into the National
Farmers Union.
The county farm bureau president
was j. y. Collins, small landowner
Of Wayne county who resigned his
post and joined the farmers union
along with eight others
After attending two farm bureau
national conventions, Collins said he
became convinced the farm bureau had
no interest in the small farmer and
was oniy concerned with protecting the
big farm operators.
II wish to apologize 10 all farmers
that ! ever asked them 10 Join the
farm bureau Collins told his col
leagues.
The local i'll repute Of the farm
bureau was demonstrated even more
forcibly at meeting in nearby Smith
county called by the county extension
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1944-05-04
NLRB SETS ELECTION FOR
GREAT LAKES SEAMEN

New York fFP)--NLRB has author
ized an election beginning June g.
among $500 seamen on the 78 Great
Lakes vessels operated by the Pitts
burgh Steamship Co, L. s. Steel
Corp subsidiary, Vice President Jack
Lawrence of the National Maritime
Union (CIO) announced here.
The seainen will vote on whether
they want the NMU 10 represent them
in collective bargaining. President
Philip Murray of United Steelworkers
(CIO) has pledged the support Of the
100000 stealworkers in the lakes area
behind the campaign Of the seamen for
collective bargaining and job security
Scoring L. s. Steel as the moving
factor in the Lake Carriers Assn drive
to block a solution Of the critical man
power shortage on the Great Lakes
Lawrenson said that ''unionizing the
steel boats will break the backbone OF
LEA opposition to the efficient trans
portation of vital war supplies
Why not write your brother mem
hers overseas?