The Waterbury Democrat., 1944-11-21

direct diplomatic negotiation, by mediation, by arbitration, through regional agencies like the Pan American Union, or by reference to the International Court of Justice, which will be discussed in the next article in this series.
 Regional arrangements for main tenance of peace and security are specifically encouraged in Section c of Chapter VIII of the Dumbarton Oaks proposals, with the stipulation that all such regional settlements should be consistent with the pur- poses of the United Nations organ ization and that their activity be made known to and be in accord ance with actions of the Security Council.
 COUNCIL COULD ORDER
 ITS OWN INVESTIGATION
 At any stage of an international dispute, if the Security Council should consider other efforts at set- clement to be inadequate, the Se- curity Council would be authorized to order an investigation of its own and to recommend a means of set clement.
 Possibly the Security Council would order the case referred to the International Court of Justice. Or, if the dispute was political and not on some question of law over which the Court had jurisdiction, the Se.. curity Council might order the case referred to special tribunal. The Security Council itself might even assume jurisdiction.
 There are still other peaceful steps. The Security Council would be empowered to invoke economic sanctions and boycotts against of- severance of diplomatic relations with an aggressor nation. It might order the breaking of economic rela- tions by interrupting radio, tele- graphic, or postal communications, or by stopping international com- merce. It might order the suspension of membership privileges in the Uni ted Nations.
 All these steps failing, the Secur- ity Council would then be empower ed to employ military force to keep the peace.
 WHO WOULD COMMAND
 THE ENFORCEMENT ARMY?
 Here is the part of the proposals for a United Nations charter that will probably cause the most dispute in all the legislative bodies of the world, before ratification is obtain ed. How are these forces to be desig- mated? Who is to command them? Will a government have the right to countermand an order given by the Council?
 The Dumbarton Oaks proposals call for creation of a Military Staff Committee, made up of the Chiefs of Stan of the five permanent mem bzers of the Security Council, or their alternates, to advise the Se- curity Council on its military dis positions
 The idea of a United Nations army under direct command of the Military Staff Committee has now been abandoned. Instead, each na- ton will be asked to keep in read mess forces which can be called up- on for use to enforce Security Coun- ell decisions. Not reserves, not abso- lete planes or ships, but a flexible, modern force
 How mutual defense pacts such as the 20-year British-Soviet agree ment or the Pan American agree ment would fit into this scheme for keeping the peace has not been de- termined.
 How costs would be apportioned for a military campaign to enforce the peace is not discussed in the Dumbarton proposals, nor is there any specific mention made of how punishments would be meted out to nations which did not live up to principles of the United Nations.