davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-12-19
Killing Story
Solves Theft

Two weekend robberies were
apparently cleared up today with
the confession of Clude Slaughter,
IS, of 1907 Jos. Campau. to the
fatal shooting of Delaney j. Hill.
25, in a gasoline station at zoo 4.
Vernon early yesterday,
Police were called TO the station
operated by l.. T. Jones Of 29O +.
Vernon, who said that Hill and
another man drove into the sta
ton at $50 a, m. to thaw frozen
radiator. An argument developed
and Hill was shot, he said:
Slaughter admitted that he shot
Hill while Jones was inside the
station but insisted that il was
accidental. He was in possession
of car batteries and other mer-
chandise which was porte d
stolen Saturday night from Sam
Darger, $50 Elliott.
Slaughter was in possession OF
As caliber automatic pistol
which police say was the gun used
10 kill Hill. The weapon was re-
ported stolen from Phil Caruso
owner Of a tavern at PIT +.
Lafayette, during a robbery OF his
establishment Saturday night.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-12-19
Krause Takes
Judg3e's0afh-

Three Detroiters prominent In
public life took over important
new duties today.
Paul f. Krause. former cor,
poration counsel, wass worn in as
a judge of recorders court TO fill
the unexpired term of the lata
Judge Thomas f. Cotter.
Julian Mcintosh, former chieI
assistant prosecutor. was APP.
pointed and sworn in by Circuit
Judge Ira w. Jayne to fiji the I'm
expired term Of Prosecutor VIII.
liam Bowling which ends Jan. !.
Bowling became the new cor,
poration counsel, taking the cath
OF office before City Clerk Lead
better in the presence OF other
city officials.
In a courtroom crowded with
officials and members OF the bar,
Krause was welcomed 10 the
bench by Judge Christopher L,
Stein. veteran of recorders court
Judge Joseph ellis, Frank D.
canon. past president of the De-
troit Bar Association. and Mayor
Jeffries spoke briefly.
Leadbetter administered the
oath.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-12-19
LupeRites
lin Doubt

HOLLYWOOD, Dec. 18 (INS)
Funeral arrangements for Lupe
Velez. who took her life last week
rather than face the world as an
unmarried mother, remained in
doubt today as arrival of the fin
stars mother. Sonora Josefina
Velez, was awaited.
/ Whether she will be buried in
Hollywood or in a shrine in her
native land depends upon the fam
ily's decision, her business man
ager. Charles Trezona. said.
In the meantime, Harald Ra-
mond, Viennese actor and Lupe's
lover. blamed a tragic misunder-
standing, brought about by their
different languages, for the quar-
rel which led the Mexican spitfire
to take an ovedrose of sleeping
tablets.
Ramona declared in his grief
that Lupe was the first real love
in my life. -
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-12-19
Draft EVdder
Gets 5-Yr. Term

Freed as suspect in the Jean
Long murder case, William d.
Scholtzhsuer, Is, truck driver
formerly of 1895 Monica. today
pleaded guilty to failing to report
for induction. lie was sentenced
TO five years in prison and fined
500.
Schoftzhauer was arrested In
Texas several weeks ago and re-
turned here for questioning in the
unsolyed church Staying. The
draft charge was placed against
him later.
In addition 10 sentencing
Schoitzhauer, Federal Jud x e
Monet sent william G.. Carroll. q,
formerly of 260 Alfred, 20 prison
for four years on similar count.
Carroll also was fined 500.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-12-19
Duce Reviews Troops

NEW YORK Dec-lslINs1-
MuSsolini, making his second pub
lie appearance in two days in
Miriam. seat OF his puppet Fascist
regime, attended a review OF
troops yesterday.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-12-19
Draff Order To Aid
kaZOO WarPIanis

KALAMAZOO, Dec. 1S-Appli-
cation OF the work or fight" rule
10 Michigan, : pasHPeweF may 20 a
long way toward filling approx
mately 1000 war jobs in Kalama-
200. II was estimated today.
ApVTRTTGEuTN,T
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-12-19

1t. Col. Elmer G. Glidden
of West ROxbury, Mass,
who il believed to hold the
worlds record for accurate
bombing. In more than
100 missions as a marine
corps dive bomber pilot, he
has hit his target area
every time. He has twice
received the Navy Cross.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-12-19

Order the United states War
Savings STAMPS from your De-
troit Times carrier. He'll de-
liver them TO your home.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-12-19
::3.9:j5

Plumb Royal Fuchsia! Raj Blue Dark Green! Moss
Green! Back!-Egh simply luscious colors in these
puons she'll for downtown shopping for driving, for
sports All wool lined
OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES Observation-Disclosures
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-12-19

Prices Subject to so Sales Tas-Tsr IL os
Base Price, NOT Including AsJ Federal Tax
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-04-07
Parke-DaViS Strike
Spreads to 2d Plant

Production Of sulfa drugs. ~
plus vaccine and blood plasma
was halted today al two plants of
the Parke. Davis e. Co. as 1870
workers struck in A dispute over
seniority in the capsule depart
ment
In the main plant Al the foot
of Joseph Campau the entire
working force of 1900 was out.
while another 20 al the Parkdale
plant in Rochester Joined in a
sympathy walkout
The trouble first fared early in
the week when women in the cap
sule department. staged a sit
down strike. Peace was restored
for a few days and then a strike
which started yesterday in the
same department spread through
out the plant
Officials Of Local l-6 Gas. Coke
and Chemical Workers tCIO)
were 10 mako an attempt 10 get
the strikers to return TO work
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-04-07
RAJ Hits
Hamburg

LONDON. April Z (INS)-Brit-
ISL Mosquito bombers raided Ham
burg Germany's biggest port and
detectives in the industrial Ruhr
and Rhlneland last night. One
plane was lost.
A. II a. m. today the Luxem-
hourg radio reported that single
enemy planes were over northern
Germany.
NAPLES. April Z fINS)- Six
teen German interccptorS out Of
40 which attempted 10 beat off
an American bombing raid on the
ZagTeb airdrome IN YugoSlavia
yesterday were shot down BY
l. $. gunnerS
The raid was carried our on 2
comparatively small scale by
FortreSSes and LiberatorS Re
suits could not be observed.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-04-07
Charge II u. S. laps
With Draft Evasion

HEART MOUNTAIN, Wyo..
April Z CUP)-The federal bureau
of investigation announced today
that II Japanese-Americans, in
ternees at the Heart Mountain re-
location center, have been arrested
for selective service violations.
The new arrests, made last
night. brought 70 Al the number
of young male evacuees who have
been arrested in the last two
weeks for failure to report for pre-
induction physical examinations.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-04-07
Stettinius in London
On Diplomatic Mission

LONDON. April 7 (UP)-Ed-
ward r. Stettinius Jr., United
States underSecretary OF state,
arrived today for a board discus
sion of American and British af-
fairs, probably including diplo-
matte problems concerned with
the forthcoming invasion of Eu-
rope
He and his party were expected
10 stay IN Britain about two
WeekS.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-04-07
Shelton
Denied
License

HOLLYWOOD. April 7 fUP)--
Ped Skeltons thumped on both
sides by army doctors and pro-
nounced fl for combat. nursed his
amazement today Al learning he
still has TO proye he IS robust
enough for marriage.
The IA ffoosier comic and
blond Muriel Norris turned up al
the marriage license window yes
terday but came away empty
handed.
Nm health certificate, no
license" said The clerk
Neither SHELTON nor his pros
pective bride had ever heard of
the rule
He left an application anyhow
II listed his first name as Richard
and his age as 30 Miss Morris
said she was 30. TOO, and was born
in Evansville. Ind. not far from
Skeletons home town Of Vincennes,
bur never saw him before coming
10 Hollywood
II viii be the second marriage
for each. SHELTON was divorced
last February by Edna Marie
Shelton, who still writes his gags
and advises him in his business
affairs. Miss Morris was once
wed TO Eugene r. Chase. a local
accountant.
The comedian said they would
be married as soon as possible
and that he will report soon after
10 the army as a field artillery
Vate.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-04-07
Army Attdiins
ts0bjeltive
OF 100000

WASHINGTON, April : ms
The United States saluted the
greatest army in lis history today.
but heard an appeal for more and
more men and a plea that the
nation retain its military might
10 win the peace that follows
victory.
The army has attained its
planned objective of 100, 900
officers and men. the war depart
ment announced last night The
milestone. however. brought no
easing up in the activities Of s 400
selectiVe boards
Currently cycling 574,000 draft
eligible young men deferred in
industry and thousands more in
agriculture the boards were told
by the army 10 induct $4,000 10
100000 men a month 10 balance
combat losses and normal attri-
ton.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-04-07
Spdnidrds Intern
Canadian Officer

OTTAWA. April 7 CUP)-Wing
Comdr. George Ault. general Off
Ger commanding the Royal Cana
dian Air Force in Italy. and two
companions were interned by
Spanish authorities after their
plane was forced down near Rio
de ORC West Africa. RCAF Off
GERS said TO-DAY.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-04-07
Nazis Fire
All Jews by OF. |

NEW YORK, April : tUPl -
The puppet government of Hun
gary has ordered the immediate
discharge of 50 per cent of the
nations Jewish workers and the
elimination Of the remainder from
HunGarys economic life" by Oct.
l the Nazi-controlled NIT agency
broadcast last night.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-04-07
GoebbeIs Rules
Rdvdged Berlin

LONDON, April 7 (INS)-DNB,
the German news agency, an
nounced today that Hitler had
appointed propaganda minister
GocbbelS sole administrator Of
bomb-ravaged Berlin
DNB said that Goebbels would
concentrate all administrative
power in his person, particularly
for the prosecution of the war
provisions of law covering
the constitution and administra-
ton of the reich capital have
been suspended" DNB added.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-04-07
CONTINUED on Page 2, Col. IL
British Strikers
MdyF Face Prison

LONDON. April 7 (INS)-Ths
British government today was re-
ported preparing legislation pro-
viding 10-year prison sentences
for agitators fomenting strikes in
key industries.
Yesterday, while Commons was
hearing of the seriousness of the
wave of labor stoppages, a back
to-work movement was reported
under way. Today's development,
it was felt, may speed this trend.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-04-07
Mitzi Mayfair TO Wed

HOLLYWOOD, April 7 CUP)-
Dancer Mitzi Mayfair said today
that she and Charlie Henderson.
associate head of music al 20th
Century-Fox, would be married at
Santa Barbara tonight.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-04-07
Slump Then Boom
Predicted by Sloan

BOSTON. April 7 GNS)-Aifred
j. Sloan JT., chairman of General
Motors today predicted that there
would be some general unemploy-
ment after the war and then a
general resumption Of full-scale
industrial activity lasting four or
five years
Sloan said he believes The end
OF the war with Germany Is fur
ther of than next November.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-04-07
NARROW EsCAPE ROUTE

The only other rail line left 70
perhaps 100000 Germans in the
Odessa area is the single-traCk
coastal rght-of-way which de-
ponds on ferry service across the
slX-mile-wide Dniester Rive r
mouth
In all. the Soviet bulletin said.
$500 enemy soldiers were killed
and 1000 captured Most OF the
dead fell IN the humiliation
battles near Skala.
German prisoners said that
senior German officers were
being flown out of the Skala area
enlightenment in transport planes
For the fifth day details were
lacking on the Russian advance
into Rumania.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-04-07
SERVICES THERE

Representatives Of the navy.
marines, coast guard. WAVES.
SPARS and Marine Corp 5
Women's Reserve will be seated
on the platform. Among these are
Capt Norman c. Gillette. COM
handing officer of the Naval
Ordnance Plant. Center Line
Capt Milton r. Wortley. COM
manding officer Of Naval Armory,
Capt r. Thornton Broadhead ire
tired) Comdr. Robert Velz. in
Spector Of naval material for the
Detroit area, Mai Charles Popp,
USMC (retired), officer in charge
district headquarters. induction
and recruiting station; Capt Will
liam +. Armstrong. USMC officer
in charge. procurement district,
1t V. II. Railey and 1t. r. A.
Priebe, attached 10 the coast
guard office of the captain Of the
port
Color guards will be formed by
members of the Michigan State
Troops. Boy Scout Troop 2i4 Of
the Guyton School. Filipino OK
soldiers and the Marine Corps
Women's Reserve.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-04-07
Robbed While She Prays

CHICAGO. April Z ms
Mrs. Grover B. Sprafka reported
10 police today that nine ration
books were stolen from her while
she lDelt IN prayer in A church
u-nWr
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-04-07
Bafaan
HeFOiSEnR
Recalled
REMEMBER BATAAN!

REMEMBER BATAANt
Detroijers have pledged them
selves 10 remember that blood
stained peninsula which fell just
two years ago Sunday after IS
days Of siege, the last Is days
and nights Of which the defenders
we're constantly pounded BY the
numerically superior Japs from all
sides and from the air.
That siege was the most memoir
able Of this or any war Detroit
pledged itself remember
AprTi .. t942. 'Fre nation mas
promised 10 remember.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-04-07

today Chester Adamczyk. local
president. said
lie said that he was apprehen-
Sive over what the reaction of
the workers would be 10 a de-
cision Of the regional War Labor
Board, announced today, which
turned down fatty A request Of
the union for 10-cent-an-hour
general wage increase.
The board also turned down a
request for a union shop. but
granted a maintenance of men,
berShip clause and checkoff.
In denying the wage increase
the board held that the company s
rates were clearly higher than
those of competitors in the area.
although il admitted that no wage
brackets had been set up for drug
manufacturing industries in Mich
igan
SHEDD'S OLD STYLE SAUCE
An extra fine dressing in cheese,
a.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-04-07
THE WAR FRONTS

AIR WAR-Mosquito bombers raid Hamburg page II
INDIA-Japanese hill fighters gain miles in two days in
thrust against Allied raihead. page l.
RUSSIA-Mauled Germans fight etrcate themselves from
convergng Red drives Odessa Page l.
ITALYAlies shell Germans in Casino hotel Page p
PACIFIC-Aled bombers pillow up arfeds Hollandia New
Guinea with 800 tons of bombs. Page p
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-04-07
IRE Ore
Calls
DeVOut
BY JACK KOEHLER
Detroit Times Chupch Editor

Thousands of devout Detroiters
paused today for prayer and
meditation in commemoration OF
Christ's three hours of agony on
the cross at Calvary.
In addition to the multitude of
services in the Christian churches.
many Detroit theaters are con-
Quoting traditional Ire Ore devo-
tons under the auspices of various
religious bodies, to accommodate
workers from stores. and Offices
which close from II to p. m. to-
day.
The mass of the pre-sanctified
is celebrated in all Catholic
churches Good Friday morning.
with the crucifix yelled, the altar
bare and the priests in black vest
ments. No Host is consecrated
today.
CROSS UNVEILED
Two lessons and st. Johns
narrative of the Passion of Our
Lord are read in Catholic par
ishes, followed by the rites of the
Alteration of the Cross"
During this ceremony, the yelled
crucifix is taken from the altar
and slowly uncovered, while the
priests remove their shoes. as
sign of reverence, and kiss the
cross. which is then laid on the
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-04-07
BROTHER RECALLED

Wesley, who had been released
after the examination. was re-
called for questioning in the dis
appearance of Doris HILL 10, but
exonerated
Alarm over the Hill girl dissi-
pated yesterday when friends of
the family reported they saw her
on a Dearborn street She has
been missing from home since
March 20.
In a letter requesting the pad
lock. Sheriff Baird said
1T appears from our inVesti-
CATION OF the murder of Joyce
RaulstOn and confession of the
murderer, Richard Vincent Jr.,
that the trailer camp located at
24015 w. Warren at Telegraph
has been and is being used for
lewdness--and as chief peace
officer Of this county il Is re-
spectfully requested that you
file bill at earliest con-
venience looking to issuance of
an injunction restraining the
owners of this camp from con-
tinuing its operation in viola
ton of the law and that a pad
lock he obtained to close the
place"
A writ Of habcaS corpus for
Richards release and a petition
seeking the appointment of a
commission 70 inquire into his
sanity were denied yesterday by
Circuit Judge Moynihan He said
that the trial Judge could rule on
the sanity question.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-04-07

Drive PeriIS
MainLifeLi

NEW DELHI, April QNS)-Japanese in
vasion forces in India, already within 40 miles of
the main Allied lifeline TO northern Burma after
31-mile advance in two days posed new threat to
a vital communications network today by stabbing
beyond the Imphal-Kohma highway.
The main enemy thrust, developing speedily in the
region north of the Impha supply base took darker
aspect when Japanese units crossed the road to Kohima
despite the resistance of Allied defenders.
LeFd MegHtbatteR described the enemy HfiitFateH
slight and added:
"Our troops are in contact with them"
To the south, Imphal itself small enemy attacks
crushed.
The Dimapur raihead apparently is the immediate
objective of the India invaders
In the northern Allied patrols struck force
strained Jap communication region
Chndwn River while farther
with the retratng south Of the Tang River
from sumprabum Myitkyina Burma
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-04-07
MPATIENCE GROWS

Although British troops are ex-
pected TO cope with the japanese
threat 10 the vital rail line. the
enemys penetration of Manipur
state has caused A certain amount
Of dissatisfaction with the possibly
unfortunate defensive strategy
adopted thus far.
Some sections Of The Indian
press are impatient az the seeming
delay in major Allied stand and
are demanding offensive action.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-04-07
ARMY REQUIREMENTS

The war department statement
on the size Of the army. issued by
the owl. said that the army
would need 100000 10 100000
men during the remainder Of 1914
AS future calls on seIective
service will be for replace
mentS. II is imperative that new
men inducted into the army he
young and physically qualified
for the rigors OF combat duty"
the announcement said.
During April the army will
slightly exceed its planned
strength In order 10 start now
the training Of men who will
he required 10 meet anticipated
losses.
"a reduction Of the army'S
calls on selective service 10
maintenance requirements will
begin sometime in May. The size
of calls thencefOrth will be de-
termined by existing conditions,
with the strength of the army
fiuctuating slightly over or
slightly under 100, 900"
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-04-07
Reds C|0siinQ
Escape Path
From Seaport

MOSCOW. April : TNSl-
Mauled German forces battled To-
day to keep open their narrowing
escape corridor from Odessa but
converging Russian columns sd-
~anced steadily to points i3iz
miles northeast and 20 miles
northwest Of the Black Sea naval
base.
lFrontline dispatches indicat-
ed thai advanced Russian treeps-
We're Tess Than 10 miles from
Odessa. Reuters said in Lon
don. while the British radio de-
clared that a German broad
cast had described the Nazi po-
sition IN the city As desperate"
C''The garrison's only rail
escape route is incapable Of
handling more than fraction
NJ the heavy material" the en-
envy broadcast admitted rs
cape roads have been rendered
practically impossible nv heavy
rains and snowstOrms.")
TRAPPED NAILS sHELLED
Other Russian forces $50 miles
10 the northwest shelled rem
nsnts Of Is German divisions
trapped in the southwestern
Ukraine after ripping out the
pocketed NaZis' core Of resistance
by capturing Skala
Thlrty-five miles inside prewar
Poland Red army units smashed
enemy armored infantry columns
seeking valnly 10 break through a
Russian ring surrounding Tarno-
pol.
Gen Malinovskys Third Ukrain-
ian Army captured Karpovo. 20
miles northwest OF Odessa in a
l7-mlle squirt from Razdelnaya.
the fall Of which 4 day earlier
had cut of the ener1ys last
major escape railroad Sverdlovo.
1917 miles northeast OF Odessa
also vas taken
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-04-07
TO PAUSE SUNDAY

In solemn dedicaNion TO all those
gallant heroes who fell during this
siege. and 70 those who were
taken prisoners. all Detroit will
pause Sunday from l 10 / 80 p. m.
The forma commemorative
service a. that time will originate
Al the city hall and will be d.
rectcd toward the honored guests.
the relatives Of all Michigan
prisoners Of the laps
All these relatives are cordially
invited 70 attend and Occupy the
section on the steps Of the city
hall. reserved for them.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-04-07
NAVY REQUIREMENTS

The navy an official announce
ment stated. viii not reach IFS
planned strength of 100000 until
July ! and will require 100000
more men 10 attain that goal and
provide requirements. One hun
dred thousand will be added TO
the navy's net strength between
July ! and Sept. /.
National Draft Direct o r
Hershey reiterated last night a
warning that the United States
must adopt peacetime conscrip-
ton 10 insure sufficient military
strength 10 back up its voice in
the establishment Of peace in a
world where force is the ulti-
mate court of appeal
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-04-07
Grill Brother
Tfip
Murder AHbi

Wesley Vincent. brother OF
Richard Vincent, who is charged
with the murder of Joyce Raul
sion. was 10 be questioned today
about Richards movements the
night the 14-year-eld schoolgirl
was slain.
Meanwhile. Prosecutor Bowling
had been asked by Sheriff Baird
10 institute paddock proceedings
against the tourist camp at w,
Warren and Telegraph, where
Joyce spent the last weekend of
her life.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-04-07
FILIPINos TO ATTEND

As a large percentage Of the
Bataan defenders were Filipino
Scouts. all Fihpinos of the city
have indicated their intention of
participating in the ceremony.
Radio station CKLW will broad
cast the first IS minutes of the
service which will feature an
address by the Rev Fr. Thomas
A. Barry Of the Maryknoll Mis-
sionaricS. a minute Of silence dedi-
Gated 10 those who fen on Bataan.
and a dramatic reading Of the last
message from Bataan and Cor
Tegidor
Members Of various civic. re-
hcious and patriotic groups will
be present Among the latest Of
these 10 accept are the Women's
Council of the Navy League. the
Marine Corps League Detachment
and the Marine Corps League
Auxiliary.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-04-07
FACES ALIBI QUIZ

Wesley, who is p, is TO be
questioned concerning the state
ment OF his mother, Mrs. Bertha
Vincent. that he and Richard
attended a movie the night the
girl was slain and returned home
together about 10:35 p. m.
Earlier. Richard had said in a
repudiated confession that he was
alone when he picked up the girl
and killed her on dump at w.
Warren and the Ann Arbor Trail.
In his reputation Richard con-
tended that he signed the con-
fession because he had been
beaten and feared further torture.
Both Richard and Wesley have
been examined by Receiving Hos
pital physicians who said they
could find no evidence that either
had been beaten.