davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1944-12-09
South Carolina Increases
Neqro Education Funds

cent of all school expenditures for
that year, with 1,481 white schools
receiving S11,005,845.
Appropriations for Negro schools
had increased to 16.5 per cent, or
to $2,460,374. by 1910, Of the states
total, the report pointed out, COM
pared with $12,442.412 for white
schools. The education of 1880
Negro school children in 1912 Show
ed steady upward trend in the
percentage of state appropriations.
the commission said, but paralleled
a siX-year decrease in expenditures
for white schools that began with
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1944-12-09

CHARL ESTON. S. G. = CAMP -
State funds appropriated for Negro
education have Increased by 50
per cent since 1881, said a report
prepared last week by the State
Preparedness for Peace commission
while funds for the education Of
whites have decreased within
six-year period.
According to the report, the 80
per cent increase occurred between
1891 and 1910. The commission
said 2.l83 Negro schools were given
S1566.471 for operating expenses in
1881, which represented 12.5 per
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1944-12-09

Number Of games required for
conference hcnors s.
Eureka did not play required
number.
Alexander School declared Big
& Champions.
Lanier did not get honors be-
cause of being on probation for l
year
Scott County got second place
i G. O. Tanner, Coach: r.. c.
Hicks, Manager; Eugene Marshall,
Trainer.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1944-12-09

requirements for some type of war
equipment. The effort to expedite
deliveries in ship5uilding has main
tanned labor needs at an almost
impossible level. To step up tank
output to the required high rate
calls for staff Increases in a few
plants in tight areas Greatly in
creased cotton oIck and tent twill
requirements are most urgently re-
lated to the impending winter
campaign in Europe. The problems
in foundries and logging are criti-
cal and persistent, the report stat
ed.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1944-02-05
Flight Officer
Williams Reports
For Special Duty
SELFRIDGE FIELD, Michigan

SELFRIDGE FIELD, Michigan
Flight officer Clarence Williams,
Fir Corps, has reported for duty at
Selfridge Field.
His permanent home address is
FOOT Court E., Fairfield, Alabama,
where his parents reside. Born May
8. 1920, in Birmingham, Alabama
he was educated in Fairfield In
1912 ne YVES graduated from Ala
hama a nd M College, with a bache-
Ior of science degree.
He enlisted in the Army Deem
Der 8, 1912. After training az the
Tuskegee Army Flying School, ne
entered the Enlisted Reserve Corps.
He was recalled to active ouIY
March 81, 1943, at the Iuskegee
Army Flying School. He was desig-
mated a Flight Officer January l.
1914. Selfridge Field is MS tlrs'
assignment.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1944-02-05
Race Auxiliary
Police Unit Al
Tampa Praised
Men Garry Side
Arms, Have Own
Mobile Battalion

WASHINGTON, D. C.-(S N s.
"A crack Negro auxiliary police
unit is included among the nlne
companies of Hillsborough Coun-
tvs Auxiliary police Force in Tam
pa, Fla, John H. Spencer, director
of Auxiliary Police training, said
in his annual report to the once
of Civilian Defense this week, OCD
has announced.
The report, also submitted to
Police Chief McClelland in TAM
pa, said that the full organization
of more than 400 men included tour
companies in mobile battalion,
two in traffic patrol service, and
one on motorcycle duty patrolllng
military routes. Another, a medical
unit equipped with a trailer,
Stretchers and first aid equipment,
is manned by doctor and male
nurse.
All members Of the Auxiliary
force are now equipped with Khaki
uniforms, sidearms and regulation
equipment and are required under
the police training program to
perform an assignment once a
month. All must complete 80 hours
of service to receive a certificate
of training. Each company meets
once a week for military drill and
Instructions in first aid and bomb
and gas emergencies.
During 1943, the report said,
Auxiliary police reported for duty
1,091 times and accumulated TO-
088 man hours of service, the equi-
valent of 1861 eight-hour days
which based on police pay would
have cost the City $7,318.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1944-02-05
NATIVE SON
CONTINUED From Last Week
BY RICHARD r. WRIGHT

Continued From Last Week
81 have only sympathy for those
kind-hearted, White-haired par
ents. out TO Mr.. Dalton, who Is
real estate operator, l say now:
you rent houses to Negroes in the
Black Belt and you refuse to rent
to them elsewhere. You kept Bigger
Thomas in that forest. You kept
the man who murdered your
daughter a stranger to her and you
kept your daughter a stranger to
him.
THE relationship between the
thomas family and the Dalton
family was that of renter TO land
lord, customer to merchant, en-
ployee to employer. The Thomas
family got poor and the Dalton
family got rich. And Mr.. Dalton,
a decent man, tried to salve his
feelings by giving money. But, my
friend, gold was not enough!
Coroses cannot be bribed! Say TO
yourself, Mr.. Dalton, 1 offered my
daughter as a burnt sacrifice and
it was not enough to push back
into its grave this thing that
hauntS me-
And to Mrs. Dalton, 1 say: Your
philanthropy vas as tragically
blind as your tlghtless eyesn
And to Mary Dalton, if she can
hear me, 1 say: I stand here tOcdY
trying to make your death mean
something!
Let me, Your Honor, explain
further the meaning of Bigger
Thomas life. In him and men Ike
him is what was in our fOrefath-
ers when they first came TO these
strange shores hundreds of years
ago. We were lucky. They are rot.
We found a land whose tasks call
ed forth deepest and best we had;
and we built a nation, mighty and
feared We poured and are still
pouring our soul into it. But we
have told them: This is a white
mans country!' They are yet look
ing for a land whose tasks can call
forth their deepest and best.
Your Honor" consider the mere
physical aspect Of our civilization.
How alluring, how dazzling it is!
How it excites the senses! How t
seems to bangle within easy reach
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1944-02-05

DR.. Wesley, Wilberforce univer-
sity president, and widely known
as a historian, while admitting
that freedom in research and
writing as well as teaching the role
of Negroes in the American scene
has progressed during the past
forty years, points out that the
framework for the presentation OF
the Negro has been generally With
out great variance.
Paramount among The neglected
sections of Negro history are ac-
counts of African civilizations
from which American Negroes have
come. Other little known facts
about the Negro which need to
be explored and included in his
torica1 accounts are the presence
of Negroes in America before
1919, the activities of free Negroes
who numbered 488,070 in 1860 and
his participation in politics prior
to the Civil War.
The historian clinches his argu-
ment for the inclusion of Negro
participation in the annals OF
American records by declaring
that, "the study of the history of
the people who make up our
America and their gifts TO our
life should lead to a greater ap-
probation of one another on the
part of all Americans. They can
study these facts and on their
basis adopt a more constructive
craftsmanship and a judicial
balance rather than a partisan,
racial sentiment
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1944-02-05

j. M. CT am writing you con-
corning my husband. He's always
telling other women how lovely
they look and a lot of other stuff
that I call mess. Does he mean
ANYTHING or is it for fun? Some
times think I will turn him loose
and let him have his women for
7 think it shows very little respect
for me, for him to do this all the
time.
Ans: You're making a noun
tain out of mole hill. For
him TO admire and ftatter
other women doesn't neces-
sarily indicate his being disre-
spectful to you. Your husband is
a born diplomat. :. he knows
how to handle people. He gains
favor and friendship of both
men and women by the use of
subtle flattery. Enter into the
spirit of friendlinesS with him
and you will Immediately see
that his attitude isn't at all
personal or suggestive.
C. r. MI have three children
NV husband drinks all the time
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1944-02-05

of everyone the fulfilment OF nap
nineSsl How constantly ana over
wheliningly the advertisements, ra-
dios. newspapers and MOVIES, play
upon us! But in thinking oil tneh
remember that to many they are
tokens of mockery. These bright
coIors may fill our hearts with Ella
ton. but to many they are daily
talnts. Imagine a man walking "a
mid such a scene, a part OF 1t, ana
vet knowing that it is not for MN!
1--WE planned the murder of Mary
Dalton, and today we come TO court
and say: We had nothing TO 90
with It'll, But every school teacher
knows that this is not so, for every
school teacher knows the restrict
ions which have been placed upon
Negro education. The authorities
know that they mean to keep Eng
ger Thomas and his kind within
rigid limits. All real estate operators
know that it is not so, for they nave
agreed among themselves to keep
Negroes within the ghetto-areaS OF
cities: Your Houore. we who sit here
TODAY in this court room are wit
nesses. We know this evidence, Tor
we helped to create 1t.
But the question may be asked,
IF this boy thought that he was
somehow .wronged, why did he not
90 into a court of law and seek
redress of his grievances? Why
should he take the law into his own
hands? Your Honor, this boy had
no notion before he murdered, ana
he has none now, of having been
wronged by any specific individuals
And. TO be honest with you, the
very life he has led has created III
him a frame of mind which makes
him expect much less OF this Court
than YOU will ever know.
This boys crime was not an act
of retaliation by an injured man
against a person whom he thought
had injured him. If it were, then
this case would be simple indeed.
This is the case of a mans mlStak-
/ ING a whole race of men as a part
of the natural structure or the uni
verse and of his acting toward them
| accordingly. He murdered Mary
/ Dalton accidently, without think
! inc, without plan, without conscious
motive. But, after he murdered, he
accepted the crime. And that's the
important thing. 1t was the first
full act of his life; it was the most
meaningfuI, exciting and stirring
thing that had ever happened to
him. He accepted it because it made
him free. gave him the possibility
of choice. of action, the opportunity
to act and to feel that his actions
carried weight.
"We are dealing, with an impulse
stemming from deep down. We are
dealing here not with how man
acts toward man, but with how a
man acts when he feels that he
must defend himself against, or
adapt himself to, the total natural
world in which he lives. The GEN.
trail fact to be understood here is
not who Wronged this boy, but what
kind of a vision of the world did
he have before his eyes, and where
did he get such vision as to make
HIM, without generalization, snatch
the life of another person so quick
" and instinctively that even
though there was an element OF
accident in it, he was willing after
the crime to. say: Yes, / did it, l
had to-
! CONTINUED Next Week
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1944-02-05
Colds Muscular Aches, Headache
Pain Common In Many Households
81 wo,e If Colds Demands Caution and Care

throat. Remember st. Joseph As
pirin is high quality at low price,
SO why pay more? Who would
want to accept less than the name
st. Joseph assures? Demand st
Joseph Aspirin, worlds largest sell
er at 10c. Right now large sizes
are in big demand, sc tablets 20c,
100 for 35c. So be sure to look on
the box and on each genuine pure
aspirin tablet inside, for the nation
ally famous name-"St. Joseph.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1944-02-05

Get plenty of rest. Be sensible
in dress, moderate in diet and eX-'
ercise", say many health authorl-
ties. And it's sensible, too, to have
plenty of st. Joseph Aspirin in the
medicine cabinet to quickly help
ease pain in colds achey bodies
and muscles, and for colds head
aches, too. 2 tablets of st. Joseph
Aspirin dissolved in a glass OF
warm water, then gargled, quick
ly reduces soreness of colds sore
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1944-02-05
Passage Of An
Honest Soldier
Vote Bill Urged
National Negro
Congress Opposes
States Right Plea

WASHINGTON, D. C.-(SNS)-
A real soldiers and sailors vote
bill which will not only provide
machinery to guarantee every
fighting man and woman an OPP
uOrtunity to cast a ballot in the
1914 elections, but guarantee With
equal force that the vote will be
counted, was called for by the
National Negro Congress here this
week.
With debate imminent on the
"unholy alliance" bill sponsored
in the House by Representative
Rankin of Mississippi, which would
guarantee that the fighting forces
would not vote in 1914, the Nat
ional Negro Congress, through its
Washington Legislative office, call
ed for full pressure on every men,
Der of the House of Representa-
tiVeS for substitution of an effec-
tive vote measure.
At the same time, Dorothy K
Funn, Legislative Representative
for NNC, Indicated the following
telegram had been sent to all
members of the House Rules Com
mittee:
Strongly urge you grant open
rule on soldiers vote bill Signifi-
canoe Of this legislation demands
full opportunity for adequate con-
sideration including amendments
from the floor"
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1944-02-05
GETS JOB AS ANALYST

WASHINGTON-(A. N P)-MisS
Virginia Kelly of Jacksonville, Fla.
has recently received an appoint
ment as Junior analyst in the
bureau of agricultural economics
i'll the department of agriculture
here
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1944-02-05
MRS. PICKENS VICTIM

WASHINGTON-(A N P)-Mrs.
William Pickens, wife Of Dean
Pickens, chief of the interracial
section of the treasury var loan
section, was the victim e,f a purse
snatcher last Thursday evening.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1944-02-05
Seeks History
Hysteria

CHICAGO = (ANP) "A plea for approach to
the study of Negro history and the inclusion of little known
about his contribution to American history voiced
by Dr. Charles H. Wesley article, History Minus Hy
seria appearing in the January issue of Negro Digest
published here.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1944-02-05

relation problem
kBBES ASTRoLoGY
ertsndns advice anal
Send YOUR letter SCOTT NEWSPAPER SYNDICATE
oAuburn Ave.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1944-02-05

TrERE is pleasant little that will give you message
II every day numerical puzzle designed 10 spe OUT
vaur fortune letters in first name the NUMBER
If the number Is less taf
Key number Start at the upper lett
hand corner rctangle and check every one OF your Key
,nhers left TO right read the the letters id'
he check I'd figures give you
tse rsh i944 Miller Distributed hr %iae f~a'p ne
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1944-02-05

CHATS 1T MAN, THE PURPLE HEART MEDAL" - Of
icers Cook Rankin Street
enor the Purple
which he awarded
sbraope hit him in during aerial attack
on Palermo Sicily "Tha bad one DC Wilmington recalls
vbodv was praying skipper. The Leno Blue
Jacket served Officers Cook an CUR pointer
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1944-02-05

M. P. G-I have been reading
your column and enjoy it very
much. My husband treats me awful
mean, he curses me and calls me
some ugly names. Every time GER
tain woman comes around he gets
mad at me and says he ought to
slap me. Then he tells me to set
my rags and 60 home. How come
he is so mean?
Ans: Some men have strong
likes and dislikes . . your hus-
band is that type. If this w0-
man gets OF his nerves, don't
invite her TO your home any
more. After all, what is the
friendship OF one woman COM
pared to the cOmpaniOnship of
year husband ? Pick year
friends more carefully.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1944-02-05
BOWELS SLUGGISH? 2.

. Feeling like you lost your best friend
headachy-dul all because of sluggish bow
els? Why put up with constipation misery?
Chew modern PERMANENT, the pleasant
tasting, chewing gum Laxative. Chew FEEN-
A-MINT tonight at bedtime. taking only in
accordance with pack ige directions. Next
morning thorough, gentle relief, helping you
feel swell again Millions rely on FEEN-A-
MINT. Chew like your favonte gum. Tastes
good. Try EEN-A-MINT-a whole family
supply costs only 10f.
49,: - 10t
eAzSzA :
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1944-02-05
Was
Praying, Young
Officer CookSdys
Asserts Bullets
Flew Thick, Fast
At Celia, Sicily

CHARLESTON, S. C.-(S N 81
II got hit in the right knee Wneh
the Germans made that terrific
raid on Palermo Sicily on August
l." said Officers Cook Joe Jones,
Wilmington, USNR, 20, OF lOo
Rankin Street, Lenoir. N. T.,
THAT was a bad one. Everybody
was praying !. even the skipper
he grinned as he adjusted his PAD
knee and described his experience
in the European war zones.
Officers Cook Wilmington, Il tall,
gangly youth with a nostalgia love
for his native Blue Ridge Noun
tains in North Carolina, ana
ready wit, is recuperating at the
Naval hospital in the Charleston
Navy Yard. He arrived nome
aboard an Army Hospital snip
with a contingent of Naval casual
ties from the Mediterranean war
zones.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1944-02-05

C. M.-For six years I have
read your column and I've enjoyed
every issue that you have written.
I'm very much in love with a TEL
low who says he loves me. But
he's very cheap fellow. He doesn't
even present me with a gift. AT
Christmas he sent me a picture OF
himself but his letters sound as
sweet as candy Should 1 continue
writing him?
Ans: OF course you should.
The "sugary'' love letters he
writes are preferable any day
to the choicest box of candy.
Gifts get old and are soon for
gotten but endearing love let
tiers remain in a girls heart
forever. Your friend is very
serious. But bear in mind one
fact :. T.. he wouldn't want you
il he thought your love could
be bought.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1944-02-05

and beats me and tells me to get
out dont want to stay with him
any longer / want to leave the
two oldest children and carry the
baby who is six months old. Write
and tell me what to dor
Ans. Would you leave your
two children in the unbearable
atmosphere that you yourself
could not tolerate? Don't do II.
If you are determined that yOU
must seek refuge elsewhere,
make provision for the care OF
all three children. Take your
children home to your people
and get job and support them.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1944-02-05
PLANS COLLEGE COURSE

81 hope to go on to college. I'm
going on if I'm not too old and
broken up. I've taken lot of beat
ings in the last seven months ne
said with broad smile" After /
graduated from high school, l
Joined the Navy in August, 1912.
MY sister wanted to go to college,
so I decided to go into the Navy.
We all had to go to school in my
family
Wilmington is proud of the
Freedman High School in Lenoir,
worked as a butler and chauffeur
after school and summers in his
hometown. =. 1.-The greatest little
town in North Carolina"
He is the son of Mr.. and Mrs. j..
P. Wilmington, of los Rankin
Street, Lenoir.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1944-02-05
GIVEN PURPLE HEART

A recipient of the Purple Heart
for wounds received in action Win
the enemy, officers Cook Whit
tington served aboard a Patrol
Craft in the Mediterranean and
in the Caribbean. He was in on
the invasion of Celia, Sicily where
the bullets few hot and fast and
went through terrific air raids
while on patrol duty off Naples,
Italy, but escaped unframed until
the action at Palermo. Sharpnel
pierced his knee and he has been
in the hospital ever since.
1.-The conclusion was worse than
the shrapnel," he recalled, Il was
a gun pointer and the conclusion
knocked me off the gun against
the superstructure At one TIME
between Salerno, Naples and Celia,
we went through 10 air raids in
one day."
Wilmington is proud of the
fact that he is a High school
graduate.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1944-02-05

c. r. MI have three children.
NV husband drinks all the time
Imperial Valley press., 1944-12-15
WHAT HAS BECOME OF RUSS
INVASION OF EAST PRUSSIA?

What is the significance of the change
i'm the Russians route to Berlin? For
weeks nothing has come from the Soviets'
north front where great preparations had
been made to invade East Prussia and
from there press on to Berlin.
In lining up for that invasion Stain
had conquered Latvia and Esthonia after
forcing capitulation of Finland. Then
suddenly the whole Russ strategy was
turned to the Balkans and the drive for
Budapest, capital of Hungary. And it is
recalled that Stain kept his main forces
on the drive from Stalingrad to the Car
pathians, clearing the entire Black Sea
area of German domination.
In the meantime Stain apparently
has abandoned any further military ac-
tion in Poland, with the Nazis having
forced submission of the Polish armies
in Warsaw.
Eastern Poland completely Is in pos
session of the Russians and for months
the Germans have been clear out of that
section of Poland in which Russia long
ago announced she would expect to an
mex at the end Cf the war.
There is little doubt of Staln's ability
to have gone ahead into East Prussia.
Nor is there much doubt that he will
of German territory whenever he wills
to do so.
Has Stain given up his often pronounc-
ed intention of going on into Berlin and
destroy Naziism in its home nest? For
some time there have been guarded guess
es that this is true. If so it becomes more
and more evident that the Russ marshal
has well-laid plans to look after his coun-
try's interests in the border nations which
he Systematically is conquering.
The decision to give up the Berlin
ambition fits in with the agreement that
Russia is to oversee the temporary gov
ernments in the liberated Balkans while
Britain and the United States take over
that task in Greece, Italy and the low
land countries.
Stain no doubt has definite plans, not
only for extending his borders farther
westward but for future protection
against the rest of Europe. And his pres
ent drive in southeastern Europe no doubt
is part of that program.
AS the war comes nearer an end, terri
torial problems and ambitions are COM
ing out more in the OPEN .
Imperial Valley press., 1944-12-15
CONGRESS GOES OWN WAY,
IGNORING WHITE HOUSE

Enormously called the lame duck
congress, the closing session of the pres
ent~ law making body of the nation is
ending in a ''blaze of independence" as
far as dictates from the White House are
concerned 1t is not lame duck ses-
sion now in its last session. That term
was applied in the old days when size
able number of members were defeated
for reelection, but held over until late in
the next year after the election. Now
the brand new congress will be convened
January 20.
However. there is evidence of many
members now having the temerity to vote
on measures regardless of the pressure
from the President which has marked
Roosevelt's tactics toward congress from
the moment of his inauguration away
back twelve years ago.
In the session which ended the cleo
ton recess shortly after that event, sev-
eral measures have been acted upon III
this new atmosphere of courage. Notably
are the social security freezing bilf'
which is headed for a Veto and the refusal
TO include in the rivers and harbors act
the Presidents pet scheme in Joining
with Canada in what is known as the st.
Lawrence river project. At the last mo-
ment the President sent one Of his MUST
letters to member of the senate "urg