davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1944-12-16

all-Star games be played, the East
West classic in Chicago and the
same teams IN an all-star game
somewhere in Negro National
league territory.
Ban Club Owners
II was also suggested by some
owners that no president be an
officer or stockholder in any club
IN either league However. little
Is expected on that score although
Il is rumored that one president
IS willing 20 RESI- IN as head q. his
ball club and retain the league
presidency.
There has been a serious cam
paign carried on by various fac
tons in the two leagues 10 unseai
the presidents Of the Negro Ameri-
can and Negro National league be-
cause both men are owners of
clubs. President Martin OF the Ne
sro American owning the Chicago
American Giants. ana President
Wilson OF the Negro National
league owns the Baltimore Elites
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1944-12-16
Fight Looms AS Baseball Owners
Gather For Joint New York Meeting

NEW YORK-The joint meeting
Of the Negro National and Negro
American Leagues. scheduled to be
held at the Hotel Theresa Satur-
day. is likely TO be lively affair
This JOINT meeting Will follow the
regular mid-winier meeting OF each
league. Dec IS.
Among the problems 10 be con-
sldered al the joint meeting is the
problem Of ironing out the dis
cord created by the ST. Louis Stars
leaving the Eastern circuit and
playing games in the Midwest;
Important Problems
An important discussion on the
publicity OF the world series and
the EaSt-WeSt game or games. the
possibility Of commission of three
men. the tNo presidents and a man
not associated with either league
IN any Official capacity. the claims
~ various clubs on PLAYERS who arc
with other clubs and numerous
other smaller problems will keep
ne moRuls busy during the ses-
son.
/; has been suggested that two
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1944-12-16
Teasley On Way
To An-City Five

Thousands Of prep basketball
fans saw action aplenty when the
Metropolitan Basketball league
entered the second week Of COM
petition Miller High lost their
second game of the season 10
Southeastern by the score ot $40
The Miller team lost the game AZ
ne ioLl Inc for out Of - foul
.ho,s they were only sole 10 sink
nlnC
Northwestern High ,rounced
ChadScy Explorers, 1925. A. Ron
I'D TcdSley. .Ail-Cny basketball
>ter Of last season. aides srcatly
n the second Northwestern VIC
iory TeaSley. Ernest Quarlcs. Fur
ness Todd and Duke Foster &C
COUNTED for 20 points.
Northern H.cA lost 10 Western
BY the score OF 27-40 The Cow
Boys mad TOO much "on the ball"
Cor We,'er Phelps and Leroy Cole
man. ma,nStsyS this season. for
w0cn Westerns Mike Kollan
0roke loose scores were almost
certain tn rise
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1944-12-16
Briggs Sponsors
Bowling Contest
At Forest Club

The Briggs Athletic department,
announces their annual singles
championships 10 be held a, the
ForeS; Club Bowling Alleys be
aiming Wednesday. Dec 20 a,
: 30 pm and AZ the Paradise Bowl
Friday. Dee -. Al II am
Events Will nc held for both men
and women Cash prizes viii be
awarded IN the first Eve place win
ners in both events Six games will
be rolled by each contestant ana
the tournament will cover two
nights OF bowling
All workers are being urged ~
enter the tournament 10 deci-e
who are the best bowlers IN the
Brl cSs Bowling leagues
Mr. Lsne Of the Forest club:
George Bennett. Of nc Paradise
Bowl. and MessrS Carey and Leon
Wheeler Of the Briggs Industrial
Relstions department are IN
charge ~ me tournament and are
now receiving entries for It
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1944-12-16
Banquet For
Baseball Men

INDIANAPOLIS. Ind Baseball
solons will celebrate the baseball
appreciation dinner, 70 be held a,
the North INDIANAPOLIS Industrial
club. e26 North Capriol avenue.
Dec 20.
Harry Giesel will be the princi-
pal speaker. Among the others 10
be present are the governor OF the
state and Mayor Tyndsll OF In.
diar9polis. John Corridor. scout
for Brooklyn Dodgers: Blaine Pat
ton. sports editor Of tho lndianapo-
lis Star: Eddie Ash. sports editor
ot the Indianapolis Times: William
j. Fox Jr., editor OF sports for the
Indianapolis News Scotiv Scott.
managing editor ~ the Ind anapo-
lis Record. several members Of the
Ind annapolis Indians: F. E De-
Frsntz. executive secretary OF the
YIN { A.. and 10 other prominent
Citizens will be present, -
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1944-12-16
BREWSTER TO
STAGE BOXING
CHARITY SHOW

The boxing team al Brewster
Recreation Center will play host
TO minister's from other local clubs
ut their home gym Saturday Dec
10. marking the first invitational
inter-club show TO be held At
Brewster in two years.
The proceeds OF the show will
be given to the Brewster Chill.
drens Christmas Party fund. which
annually provides entertainment
and gifts for four or Ave hundred
under-privilesed children.
Many In Service
Many OF Brewster's stars of past
seasons have answered the call 10
arms but close followers OF the
clubs activities are expecting the
young athletes OF this years outfit
TO measure up we'll in comparison
TO some Of its outstanding per-
formers OF the past.
Much comment has been made
In particular OF the class shown
by Bob AmoS and Billy Jones. A
pair OF l7-year-olds who have
cleaned up all competition in their
respective divisions
Amos, a woodworking light
heavy. has been forced Ia fight
heavyweights in order 10 get wor-
thy opposition Saturday Bob meets
Vern Mitchell. stalwart Highland
Park heavyweight. in rubber
match-each having won a previ-
Gus decision over the other.
Jones, hashy. sharp punching
welterweight. has risen in the
span OF year from a rank novice
10 one OF the best hghters OF his
weight in the nation. Paired with
him will be Leonard Washington
OF Striggs A.C.
Following are pairings in other
bouts on the program:
Ted Black brewster VS.. Mario
Ferry H 2hland Park Recreation,
l35 pounds.
Gilbert Holt Brewster VS.. Jer-
~ Mekllr dearborn Boys CLUB.
lib pounds
Frank Williams Brewster vs.
Harry Commodore Highland Park
BOYS club, $50 pounds.
Clinton lsom tBrewster) VS.
Buddy Hendy III shland Park
Recrestionl. 10 pounds
B T Cooper Brewster VS.. Don
Schultz Dearborn Boys club.
l2s pounds
Rudell Edmondson Brewster
US Art Manderosian Highland
Park Boys club. 10 pounds.
Otis williams Brewster, We.
Hassen Zhady Highland Park
Bows club. $50 pounds.
Andrew Scott Brewster VS.
Tom Diehr Highland Park Recre-
atom. l+7 pounds
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1944-12-16
Paterson Signs TO
Fight Webb, Ian. ID

GLASGOW, Scotland. 49, Jackie
Paterson. world lyWeiSht cham
p,on, has signed 10 meet Danny
Webb Of Montreal in = non.;i,le
bout in ST. Andrews hall here on
January 49,
The white boy Tough, webb las,
October IN London and VAS forced
~ qui, after three rounds because
OF an injured hand.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1944-12-16
Wheeler Stars
AS Wayne Wins

wayne university basketball
team chslked up their second vie.
tory ~ The season when they de.
fea,ed M,hl 2sn State Normal =,
fpsllan,i Friday night by the score
81 1926 The TartsrS. paced bv
freshman Leon Wheeler. had no
difficulty IN subduins the n Shly.
rated foe
The well-plsnned defense 81 the
Tartar quintet dominated The back.
board play. Wayne displayed 2
considerable Improvement over
their previous game when they
downed the MP's in their frS, en-.
counter.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1944-12-16
Southern Conference
Cage Tourney Mar..l-4

TuSKEGEE INSTITUTE. Ala
The Annual Southern Conference
Basketball Tournament will be
held in Logan Hall. Tuskeyce In
stitutc. March !, ,, and 3 Clevc
l. Abbott is chairman of the
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1944-12-16
BY JAMES r. WILLIAMS

During the Wolverine League
matches at Paradise Bowl Friday
night. II men bowled scores OF 200
or over for single games. This
indicated one thing. that keener
competition is in store for the
Wolverine keglers. However. Nor
ris Kilgore's 6l0 series could not
approach the 663 high series es-
tablished by Lewis Black Of the
DSR Seniors. last week. Black
also registered 264 high single
game. which was something to
write home about II would be no
surprise TO see this kegler bang
away for 700 series or a $50
single game before the season is
over.
Ready Power nipped Wards
Beauty Studio for two wins. 27l7-
2720 Sportree's Aquarium
trounced Velma's Lunch, -2577,
10 maintain first place DR..
Powell Johnson quintet lost their
first game TO ChrySler Boys but
put on some real steam as they
took the next two games 10 win
the stries by the score Of 1888
2523. DSR Seniors triumphed
over Yankee Potato Chips with
two wins, 2i39-2474 Gordy
Contractors plas,ered Detroit Steel
with ease as they walked away
with 2576-2l77 victory.
Motor City Women "B" Division
Dr.. Owens keglers. supported by
Gertrude Nelson's high single OF
1914 and high 500 series. tripped
Cozy Corner, 2l34-2089 The Owens
team paced the field in the total
number of pins Knocked down
ADAMS Service was third with 1895
and Supreme Linen was fourth
with 1887 Adams won two
from Club 666. l895-lSl3
Settles and Son won pair from
Supreme Linen, by the score of
l864-l887.
E NJ Briggs smashed The Sun
'1r three games. l766-l464
Trudy Matthews won the lack
cot in the a" division with
~ hi2h single Gertrude
Nelson won the "iscx pot" in tn
B Division with a 1874 high
single
Forest Club League
George Green's consistent bow
ling aided IN Roller-O-R VIC
tory over Kelsey Hayes during the
house league Monday night at For.
eS; club Green bowled lS6, 1876
and 1913 as Roller Rink won three
from the HAYES team. 24S3-236l
Harold McQuiston was high man
for HAYES with a I5h aYeraoa for
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1944-12-16
SIM Ger HEADS
CURRENT SHOW
At CLUB. B & C

Headlined by the sweet singing
Of Evelyn Purvis. the current
floorboard offering al Club 3. and
c. is delightins patrons Of the VAL
ley niteSpot.
Aiding in putting the show
across for the entertainment of the
customers are Lucille Towns. doing
torch songs; Dink Patterson. mas
ter Of the tapsdance, and blues
singing Alberta Adams. Comedy
relief is left 10 the blackfsce
artistry and jokes OF AShcsn La
rue. with the assistance OF emcee
Charley Rae.
Amos Woodward and his band
furnish the music for the show
background. Warren Larue is the
genial manager while Mrs. Eula
Lightfoot is the owner.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1944-12-16

Remember YOUR service man AZ
Christmas time Send him TIVE Mich
san Chronicle I, VIII be an lpore-
eistee aft for 81 weeks N the wear.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1944-12-16

In the Womcn'S Division Of the
DSR Oskman won two from Char
levoiN; CrosStown won three from
Oakland; Grand Belt won two
from Fort-Kcrchcvsl and Hamilton
won three from Trumbull
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1944-12-16
Race Tightens
In Motor City
BowHng League

With tho race N Class 4 II the
Motor City Bowling league grow
ING hotter each week Fr,arS Ale
displaced ~ pace-Sc'ter> last week
oy Watson Realty. bounced back
INTO q tic Tor The leadership Mon
Gay Nah, when Palmer Bowl far.
cited three games 20 AlEcrS while
watson Realty was winning two
from Acme Florist.
Palmer Bowl forfeited the three
games by no. appearing. and no,
notifying Earl Boots Fairfax. cap
tain Of Friars Ale
Watson Realty won two games
from Acme Flori>'. bu, los, in
total pins. 25ls ~ 1884
Adams Service maintained third
position by sweeping tho series
with Darling Florist. $3.50 10 $3.50.
Roy Williams paced Adams with
S63 PorterS Cleaners won two from
Parker House Sausage. hu; h<, in
total pins. $500 10 1896 Bill Rhnd-
man. captain NJ Parker House
Sausage paced his team with CO..
on 22l. 1911 and 100
Sensation maintained leadership
IN Glass p Of the league by VIM
nlns two from Cookies Lunch. 2iai
~ Fab. Marrscci Temple won two
from Paradise Tavern. 1922 10 2227
y y
Wards Beauty dropped two
games 10 Ready Power in the VOL.
verlnes league FRIDAY n,Eht a.
Paradise Bowl DSR Seniors won
two from Yankee Potatoes. and
Gordy Contractors won three from
Detroit Steel
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1944-12-16

RAY STOPS WILLIAMS
NEW ORLEANS.-Elmer Ray.
Hastings, Fla. now touted as
challenger for Joe Louis world
heavyweight crown. stopped Chi
csgos Jimmy Williams in the sixth
round here Friday night, Dec. 8.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1944-07-21

Washington, D. G. - Members Of
the American Federation of Labor
have lived up to their no-strike pledge
better than any other comparable
group of workers in the country, ac-
cording to an official report just made
public by the Department of Labor.
This report shows that while the
AFL comprises more than half OF the
organized workers in the nation, it's
members accounted for only II per
cent of the total man-days lost due
to strikes during 1943. Only 20 per
cent of the total number of strikers
were AFL workers.
By contrast, the CIO with far
smaller membership, had A per cent
of the total number Of strikers and
they accounted for 16 per cent Of the
man-days lost.
But the most significant item in
the report revealed that unions not
affiliated with either the AFL or the
CIO were responsible for II per cent
of the total idleness from strikes in
1943.
The chief reason for this fact was
the disastrous coal strike conducted
by the United Mine Workers Union
which constituted the one big blot on
labor's war record during the year
Analysis Of the figures released by
the Labor Department reveals the eff
fective work done by leaders of both
AFL and CIO unions in halting
strikes once they started.
Although the number of strikes by
affiliates who proportionately large
the time lost was almost infinitesima
because through the efforts of unior
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1944-07-21
Only II Percent Of Strike Losses
Due to AFL Workers, Survey Shows
Independent Unions Responsible For II Percent of Man
Days Lost, Labor Department Finds

leaders living up to the no-strike
pledge the men were persuaded to go
back to work in day or two in most
cases.
The nation, did not receive similar
cooperation from leaders of "inde
pendent" unaffiliated unions who, in
several instances, openly fouted the
no-strike pledge and ordered workers
to remain off the job
One of the best records in 1943 was
made by the railroad brotherhoods,
most of which are AFL affiliates. They
engaged in only seven strikes and ac-
counted for only one-tenth of the total
workers involved in strikes.
Another interesting feature of the
report shows that jurisdictional
strikes have almost disappeared in
wartime. A few AFL-CIO disputes
cropped up to interfere with produc-
ton, but strikes caused by jurisdic-
tional troubles between two AFL af-
filiates were virtually non-existent.
Wages were the issue at stake in
more than half the strikes, ,9O6 out
of 3,734-the tabulation disclosed.
Most of the wage strikes were de-
mands for increased rates. Many were
protests against adjustments of time
or piece rates which workers felt
would result in lower earnings; others
were strikes over application of over
time rates, incentive systems, etc.
More than one-fourth of the total
strikes resulted from disputes over
working conditions and company poll
cies such as seniority, disciplinary
methods, racial questions, supervision
of work loads. About 1877 per cent
or 585 strikes-arose from questions
concerning union organization - in
cluding recognition as bargaining
agent, strengthening of bargaining
position, and closed or union shop rec
ognition. Considerably more than half
Of the strikes involving union organ
ization also concerned wage and hour
issues.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1944-07-21
WNu Service,

Washington, ID. c.. Back of the
successful invasion thrusts of the
United States Navy in various parts
of the world is tremendous produc-
tion of landing craft by workers in
American shipyards, mills, factories,
machine shops, and mines. These
workers have been "laying it on the
line" the Navy Department has just
announced, with the result that al
most $4,000 of these craft have been
produced.
The Navy disclosed that through
the first week of July, 1924, 162 tons
have been built, representing 48,267-
landing craft. 1t was last November
when workers were asked to go all out
in this vital phase of war work, and
their response ''has been magnificent, ;"
the official Navy bulletin said.
To illustrate just what these work
ers have done, the Navy says that
during June, 1943, the production total
was 56,289 tons but it skyrocketed to
197,9O1 tons in May, 1914.
This production achievement forms
a glorious chapter in naval annals.
The big push was under the direction
of Secretary of the Navy James For
restal. While under Secretary of the
Navy, Mr.. Forrestal directed the en-
tire production phase Of the Navy's
efforts.
Although production victory has
been won by the workers in the mills,
foundries, machine shops, mines and
shipyards of the nation, this task Of
creating landing craft is far from
complete. Rear Admiral Cochrane,
Chief of the Bureau of Ships, who has
the program Immediately in charge,
says:
"rhis job of building landing craft
is not finished Many more landing
ships and craft are still to be built
before we have enough to get to
Tokyo"
This program means that more
fighting men will successfully attack
hostile shores more rapidly at more
places all over the world. More than
a million workers have built these
hundreds of thousands of tons OF
landing craft of all types, ranging
from rubber boats to Landing Ship
Dock" -"ships half again as long as a
football field and capable of carrying
complete Army units s"-to use the
words of Rear Admiral Cochrane.
The Bureau Of Ships, in cooperation
with American labor and manage
ment, has produced an elsie" fleet
the name sometimes now applied tx
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1944-07-21

Landing Craft, that has reached a
tonnage approximating that of the
entire merchant marine Of the United
States before the war.
The needs Of the Allied offensives
stimulated the production of landing
craft during the past six months. La
Dor and management redoubled their
efforts to reach their goals, which
critics said were impossible to achieve.
Up to 70 hours a week, including 10
hours on Sunday, became the schedule
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1944-07-21

and were rewarded $230,714 for their
prize-winning suggestions, the War
Department announced.
During the first year, employees SUBJ
mitted 109,O11 suggestions. Of this
total 1884 were adopted. Cash awards
ranged from SIS to $3.50 with three
employees receiving the top reward.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1944-07-21
Workers Win Navy's High Praise For
Epic Production Of Landing Craft

for many workers engaged in building
these landing craft.
The workers in "a shipyards and
10000 mills, foundries, and machine
shops, responded we'll to meet the re-
quirements, the Navy said. While all
of these workers did good job, the
Navy gave a special "welf done" to
the Boilermakers "a. F. of H. and
Operating Engineers "a. F. of L.
working at the Manitowoc Shipbuild-
ing Company at Manitowoc, Wis.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1944-07-21
ONE DOLLAR PER YEAR

One suggested a method Of doubling
the load of boxed artillery on railroad
cars effecting an annual savings of
$1,000,000, while two other employees
collaborated in devising a propeller
Strengthening device which is now
saving the government an estimated
81 100000 annually.
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1944-07-21
WORKERS. IDEAS SAVE
ARMY % MILLIONS

Washington, D. C. - Civilian en-
ployes of the War Department
through participation in the "Ideas
for Victory" program saved the gov
ernment an estimated $22, 2,242, 1877 dur
ing the first 12 months Of the program
The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946, 1944-07-21

What was the grocer thinking about
when he put this sign over his cheese
counter: "What foods these morsels
bel"
Henderson daily dispatch., 1944-11-24
The Christian View Of Industry
by &INN1tN sAu@rtr

u-.au-rGurs on 1aa SUNDAY 1cuooLLEssoz
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-04-02

Manufacturers have 60 m @
through with fabric patches,
with ready made pockets.
with leather patches and with
excellent iron-on men d in <
products, TO name but a few OF
= The wardrobe aids available.
The idea of mending with the
aid of a hot iron instead Of
needle is a good one, and Is
likely 10 endure after. the war,
since IL is so simple and easy.
There Is mending tape that is
unrolled and shipped of to the
proper size for binding seams,
mending rips. tears or burns.
There are little tabs in vari-
Gus sizes, shapes and colorS 10
take care of little holes. There
are squares Of sturdy mending
cloth 10 repair overalls and
work clothes.
OF course such fabrics are
not 10 be employed on bras
siere or foundation garment
having nylon sections, otherwise
the hot iron will do away with
the precious nylon.
If you have a piece OF match
ing cloth for patching. there's
no need 10 do a fine job Of
mending and stitching. Al the
store you'll find mending
tissue that does a sort of solder
ing job.
A piece Of the tissue is placed
on the hole and then covered
with the matching patch OF
cloth cut TO the required size.
This is pressed into place with
a bot iron and mighty fine.
almost inconspicuous patch re-
suits.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-04-02
Loyalty Important

This is a far cry from the
day when women were The
torch-carriers, and men were
the faithleSs deceiveTs ever.
And 7 must say it flattens me
out like punctupd tine 10
find that so many young women
have acquired the art Of
embarrassing while I've been
Sniping ~ stepping husbands
and two-timing lovers. 1t dates
me
You may argue that girl is
as likely 10 have A change Of
heart as man is. How Spe-
cious, This IS war And the
FIRST duty of every woman on
the home front is 10 be loyal 70
her man. To brace up his
spirits and his morale and give
him hope and faith and some
thing 10 fight for Not 70 point
a shotgun at ms back,
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-04-02
Shotgun
.LotestVosue
nv HELEN ROWLAND

THE shotgun wedding is a
Il thing Of the past; but the
shotgun divorce appears 10 he
the latest vogue among young
married couples-with the lady
carrying the shotgun.
BY shotgun divorce. I mean
the cold-blooded act of divorc-
ing a Servicemsn while he IS
going through he'll, sweat and
blood" and "risking his life
around the clock" as one army
chaplain has dramatically eA-
pressed H. II ~ practically
holding a gun at his back,
Yet, believe il or~nOt, the IN
faithfulness of wives and the
lifting by sweethearts who
think they have found new
loves or infatuationS are two
Of the greatest problems with
which an army chaplain has TO
TnTsn
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-04-02

PATTERN 476O comes in
sizes IL. u. 13, ID, Is, Is, Il, 19.
Size -. sunfrock takes 2lk
yards 35-inch: capelet "a yard.
This pattern together with a
needlework pattern OF useful
and decorative motifs for linens
and garments. 20 cents.
Send 20 cents In coins for
every Anne Adams Pattern
Write plainly size, name and
style number.
Only 10 cents more brings our
1914 Anne Adams Pattern Book
New. easy-tO-make styles. Free
pattern printed in book
Send your order 10 the Anne
Adams Pattern Department,
1925 Times Square. Detroit 81,
Mich.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-04-02
Chick Dinner Dress

PERFECT FOR moOnlit sum-
mer evenings IS the short din
ner dress Alexis Smith wears
1,hn star selected a black and
white checked gingham fabric,
and had II made into q simple
bat chic frock. The neckline is
batcau-shaped both front and
hack. and is manipulated by
drawstring. The skirt Is fiared
out from the fitted bodice and
both hem and neckline are
edged WITH a wide self-ruffle.
Buttoning from neck 10 hem.
the dress has a soft Self-bclt
that ties IN A front how