davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1944-03-09
u. 5. War Casualties
Placed al 1929,
With 1883 Killed
Army Lists 1,458,
While Lotest Navy
TotoI Is 40,824
By the Associated Press,

By the Associated Press.
American casualties in this
war so far total 162, ,282, of whom
81 1853 are dead.
Secretary of War Stimson an
at news conference today
that Army casualties (as of Febru-
ary 23) totaled 121 1,458, including
20,592 killed, 47,318 wounded, 26,326
missing and 27,222 prisoners of war.
The latest Navy total is 40,824,
made up of 17,261 killed, 9,910
wounded, 9,239 missing and 4,414
prisoners. These figures cover the
Marine Corps and Coast Guard as
we'll as the Navy proper. OF the
total casualties the Navy has suf-
fered 1888, Marines, 1896, and
Coast Guard, 455.
1878 Prisoners Dead.
Mr.. Stimson said that of the
47,318 Army wounded 1921 have
been returned to duty or discharged.
OF the 2r222 prisoners, Mr.. Stimson
said, the enemy has reported that
1878 have died of disease in prison
camps. These deaths, Mr.. Stimson
said, occurred mostly in Japanese
occupied areas and the total prob
ably is larger than reported by the
enemy.
The War Department issued the
following report of Army casualties
by theaters through January 81:
Asiatic-Killed, 231; wounded, 1856:
missing, 395; prisoners, IA; total,
926.
Central Pacific - Killed, 447;
wounded, $50; missing, 80; prison.
ers, /; total, 1,120
European-Killed, 2,419; wound
ed, 2,2l4; missing, 1922; prisoners,
4,452; total, 1877.
Latin America - Killed, A;
wounded, 4; Missing, 8; prisoners,
none; total, Sc.
Middle Eastern - Killed, 37s;
wounded, 232; missing, 67l; prison.
ers, 294 total, 1876.
North African Figures.
North African - Killed, 9,271;
wounded, 29,278; missing, 3,141;
prisoners, 1861; total, 49,O5l.
North American-Killed. 1,243;
wounded, 1,018; missing, 80; prison.
ers, none; total, 1900.
Philippines, ,096 killed, wounded,
1,720; missing, 1913; prisoners,
1880; total, 31,604.
South Pacific - Killed, 1918;
wounded, 5,627; missing, 467; pris-
oners, 6; total, 8,018
Southwest Pacific-Killed, 1859;
3,577; missing, 1858: pris-
oners, 458; total, 7,347.
The figures for the Philippines
included 1896 Filipino scouts.
The Army did not explain the
figures for Latin America and North
America. They apparently cover
losses resulting from the campaign
in the Aleutians, as we'll as those
from Air Force operations in the
anti-U-boat warfare in the Atlantic.
Evening star., 1944-03-09
Soviet Troops Driving
Toward Proskuroy
BY the Associated Press.

LONDON, Mar. 9 Cp.-Marshal
lhukov's Red Army troops drove
forward through the deep, sticky
mud Of the Southwestern Ukraine
today toward the important juno
tion of Proskurov, capture of which.
Moscow dispatches said, would give
the Russians a firm grip on a 40
mile stretch Of the Odessa Warsaw
trunk railway between Proskuroy
and Volochisk.
A Soviet communique announced
that Russian forces already had
captured Chern- -Ostrov, only IL miles
northwest of ProSkurov, and said a
furious battle was raging inside
aro-Konstantinov, which was de-
scribed as a vital German base 25
miles to the north.
Capture of Cherni- Ostrov was fol-
lowed by the storming of Gruzhe-
vitsa, miles farther east and only
Z miles from Proskurov, the Moscow
bulletin said. This narrowed the
escape corridor for the Germans
fighting in the Staro-Konstantinov
area to a 26-mile- long gap between
Gruzhevitsa and Volosovtsy.
Evening star., 1944-03-09
7O-Year-0Id Woman Dies
While ATTENDING Funeral

Mrs. Regina Kirby, 10, of 1914
Thirty-fifth street NV, collapsed
and died today at Holy Trinity
Church, Thirty-sixth and o streets
NV, apparently of a heart attack,
while attending a funeral mass for
Raymond B. Carroll, retired police
sergeant.
Mrs. Kirby was found by men,
bers of the funeral party slumped
in her seat in the rear of the
church. She was pronounced dead
by DR.. Joseph Kendrick, who was
summoned
Her husband, Edward F.. Kirby,
a former custodian of Western High
School, died about a year ago
friends said. They had no children.
Evening star., 1944-03-09
Gen. HoIcomb Is Named
Envoy 10 South Africa

Gen. Thomas Holcomb, who re-
Gently retired as Marine Corps COM
mandant, was nominated today by
President Roosevelt to be Minister
to the Union of South Africa.
The President also named Leland
B. Morris, now Minister to Iceland,
to be the first American Ambassa-
dor to Iran. The diplomatic estab-
hshment in that country recently
was raised from a ministry, and
Louis G. Dreyfus, who has been
serving as Minister there, will take
over Mr.. Morris post in Iceland.
Other nominations included:
Avra M. Warren, now Ambassador
to the Dominican Republic, to be
Ambassador to Panama.
Ellis o. Briggs, counsellor of EN-
bassy at Havana, to be Ambassador
to the Dominican Republic.
Evening star., 1944-03-09
Penalties Asked
For Private Use
OF u. S. Cars

Heavy penalties for unofficial use
of Government automobiles were
written into the independent Offices
supply bill by the Senate Appropria-
tions Committee today.
Any officer or employe using or
authorizing use of Government
car except for official business would
be subject to removal from office
and, upon conviction, be subject to
fine Of not more than $1,000 or
Imprisonment for not more than
year, or both.
The amendment also requires that
every Government vehicle have
painted on both sides, in white
letters at least 2 inches high, the
words "On Official Business"
Evening star., 1944-03-09
Draft Policy Favoring
Fathers 10 Hurt War
Output, App|ey Says
VINO Director Warns
Against Calling Skilled
Men From Factories
BY MIRIAM OTTENBERG.

Lawrence Appley, War Man
power Commission executive di-
rector, warned today that if
draft boards, following the man.
date of Congress and selective
service instructions, continue to
take fatherhood into considera-
ton in granting occupational
deferments, calls for the armed
forces will have to be filled by
non-fathers who are skilled
workers and production will
suffer.
Mr.. Appley said he felt he was
sharing the opinion of Selective
Service Director Hershey on occupa-
tional deferments, but in it's latest
instructions to local boards selec-
tive service has urged liberal con-
siderations" for fathers with claims
to occupational deferment.
1t also was pointed out at press
conference that Col. Francis ".
Keesling, liaison man between selec-
tive service and Congress. had said
that only l out of 10 of the 2,750.-
OOC fathers still remaining in ga
Will wind UP in uniform, because of
the liberality of draft boards in de-
ferr1ng fathers on occupational
grounds.
Calls Hit Key Workers.
Declaring that industry has now
reached the point where every time
an occupational deferment is re-
scinded key worker is hit" and
production is affected, Mr.. Appley
made this statement:
All deferments from this point
out must be put strictly on the basis
of essentially and irreplaceability,
without regard to any other factors
but physical disability and personal
hardship"
VINO, he said, plans to review the
standards on which occupational de-
ferments are being granted. and
Will make necessary recommended
tions. Since Congress divorced Sc
lective service from VINO, that
agency has been put in an advisory
position as far as deferments are
concerned.
Mr.. Appley also said the Review
Committee on Government Defer
ments, which was making a record
for itself by denying deferments to
Government policymakers, is not
controlled by VINO, although the
(See DEEERNdENTS pana AA-
Evening star., 1944-03-09
u. S. Bombers Blast Berlin Aqain;
Churchill Declares Italian Fleet
Will Remain in Present Theaters
Fovors DeIoyin
Disposition Of
Ex-Enemy' Ships
BY the Associated Press

BY the Associated Press.
LONDON, Mar. 9.-Prime Min
ister Churchill said today that
disposition of enemy or ex-
enemy" fleets had best be left
until the end of the war, but
confirmed President Roosevelt's
announcement that considera-
tion was being given to rein
forcement of the Soviet Navy by
Italian or other warshipS.
Answering flood of questions
some of which asked if such an
nouncements should not be made
in concert by London and Washing
ton in the future, Mr.. Churchill in
dicated to the House of Commons
that the Italian warships still were
being operated by the italians un-
der the old arrangements.
"As President Roosevelt has said
the question of the future employ
ment and disposal of the italian
fleet has been a subject of some dis
cussion and in particular considera-
tion has been given to the imme-
diate reinforcement of the Soviet
Navy, either from Anglo American
or Italian resources" he said.
1T may we'll be found that the
general question of enemy and OF
fleet disposal should best
be left over to the end of the wat
against both Germany and Japan
when the entire situation can be
surveyed by the victorious Allies and
they can decide what is right and
just to be DONE" he continued.
He added no details, however, te
President Roosevelt's statement OF
last Friday that negotiations were
about half completed for transfer ot
roughly one-third the Italian flee,
to Russia except to say that nc
change was contemplated at present
in the arrangements with italian
naval authorities under which
Italian ships and crews take part in
the common struggle against the
enemy in the theaters where they
now operate.
(Mr. Churchill's statement left
Washington observers more puz-
zled than ever today as the Ital-
ian fleet problem continued to
develop as one of the most off,
clally hush-hush but publicly
talked Of Allied deals in months.
The Prime Minister was piled with
several questions concerning the
Roosevelt announcement.
Earl Winterton, Leslie Hore-Be.
lisha and Aneurin Bevan, labor
leader, took the government to task
for not arranging a simultaneous
release Of news In London and Wash
ington, and Mr.. Hore- -Belisha asked
that Mr.. Churchill give assurance
that such arrangements would be
made in the future. The Prime
Minister refused to give any such
undertaking.
CIT was recalled in Washington
that. the news of the Cairo con-
ference of the President, Mr..
Churchill and Chinese General
issimo Chang Kai-shek was re-
leased prematurely by Reuters
British News Agency through a
dispatch from Lisbon. Also news
of the Teheran agreements was
broken by the Moscow radio be-
fore other services had the in
formation.
(These two scoops" by the
agencies of the major allies of the
United States resulted in consid-
cradle criticism by Washington
newspapermen of this Govern
ment's failure to release the news
(See CHURCHILL page AL
Evening star., 1944-03-09

|tional defense. All America was re-
sponsible for Pearl Harbor."
Representative Miller, Republican,
OF Missouri introduced letter from
Chairman Vinson Of the House Ma
val Affairs Committee which said
that Mr.. Fly's opposition to the bill
permitting wire tapping and his
failure to halt Japanese language
broadcasts In Hawaii placed the
FEC in the position of partial
blame.
Mr.. Fly asserted the letters Ian
guage showed. in his opinion, that
it was inspired by Rear Admiral
Stanford c. Hooper, Navy commu-
nications officer, now retired.
Mr.. Vinson signed it, but
Hooper's fingerprints are all over
It," Mr.. Fly snapped.
Here Is an effort by Hooper te
remove me as chairman of the
Board Of War Communications. He
tried through the Navy Department
and he tried through the Nava
Committee and he failed. It is per.
tinent to the rumor that I has
something to do with the retiremen
of Hooper" Mr.. Fly said.
Mr.. Fly appeared before the com
mittee for the third successive da,
Evening star., 1944-03-09
lyfte|ton Says Production
Is Geared for Invasion

By the Associated Press.
LONDON, Mar. 9.-Declaring
that 1914 is "a year of challenge"
Production Minister Oliver Lyttelton
told Commons today that Britains
production is being modified to meet
the new needs of attack by increas-
ing the output of specialized inva-
sion equipment"
There are many new specialized
requirements-new weapons, special
invasion equipment and secret de-
vices and equipment-that are of
the highest urgency" he said.
Evening star., 1944-03-09
Late Bulletin
Red Cross Given S287 .6o6

A total of 9,471 gifts aggre-
eating s2S7,696 was reported
today by District Red Cross
workers. This sum consti-
tutes 10.5 per cent of a $685.
900 quota.
early Story on Page A-2D
Evening star., 1944-03-09
Nazi Planes Rush Aid
To Their Mud-Bound
Forces in Ukraine
Gasoline Is Dropped
By Poruchutes for
Tonks and Trucks
BULLETIN.

LONDON R.-Pren1ier
Stain, in q special order of
the day broadcast from Mos
COW, announced today that
Russian forces have opened
still another offensive in the
Ukrainian front under Gen.
Rodion Malinovsky. He said
the drive had gained from 10
to 81 miles along a 105-mile
front in four days Of fighting,
routing three German tank
and six infantry divisions,
probably more than 125,O00
men.
BY the Associated Press.
MOSCOW, Mar. 9.-The Ger
man Army command in desper-
alton has commandeered all
available transport planes in a
frantic attempt to save a large
part of its mud-bound mech
anized army in the Southwestern
Ukraine, Soviet dispatches said
today.
Capt. Andrei Belaiev, front-lint
for the Army news.
paper Red Star, told how the Nazis
flying in hundreds of their biz
transport planes, were trying to gel
supplies to the tanks. trucks, self.
propelled guns and tractors so they
may be extricated from what prob.
ably is the worst mud of the entire
Russian campaign.
In some places, he said, the Ger.
mans, unable to land their trans.
ports because of the water -soakec
terrain, dropped their cargoes O.
gasoline by parachute
Evening star., 1944-03-09
j. ). Submarines Sink
Is More Jap Ships,
Including Big Tanker
Five Transports and
10 Cargo Vessels
In Pacific Toll

JAPANESE BARGE FLEET fails to
land single craft in Los Negros
attacK. Page AS
Evening star., 1944-03-09

tSee FLY, Page A-50
Evening star., 1944-03-09

(See KNOX, Page A-5.)
Evening star., 1944-03-09

(See DEFERMENTS, Page AS.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1944-11-18
lis The Negro Progress In Hollywood?

eliminate the colored person as character
Look what il has done 10 the Jew.
Where. for instance, do you come across any
film that shows the Jew as character? Only
in films in which so-called innocent fun is poked
al him as when he is characterized as Brook
lyn' character: or in war pictures to show Nazi
brutalities committed against minority
people"
NOT ENOUGH PROGRESS
Miss Muir thinks that although colored peo-
pie should be conscious of their history and me
culture. the problem should be viewed IN the
light Of present conditions.
1T isn't as important for us to look back as 1t
Is to fight TO gain political, economic. and social
equalty,for all races and religions. True, coored
Americans have made some progress In this war,
but not enough.
THE l4th Amendment must be enforced. Our
educational system and our history books should
be overhauled and revised to get at the truth.
"I'm no Communist never was-but was
branded as such when supported the Spanish
Loyalists in the war against Frances Fascists.
Hollywood. at that time was afraid il would
lose its foreign markets by offending the dicta-
tors, and sought to eliminate any reference to
people like Mussolini and Hitler in films.
ACTION FOR SOUTH
We'll, finally we found ourselves al war with
them. and haven't heard any Hollywood COM
plants about the losses in business since Amer
lean films don't get over there.
I'VE can do the same with the South. Tn
sure that il would have to accept colored actors
and actresses in the long run if we had the
courage to make the right type OF pictures. II
wouldn't hold out forever if the pictures were
good enough"
Miss Muir said that although America has the
greatest democracy on earth, Russia has solved
her minority problems ahead Of us even though
in 1917 she faced far more serious situation.
The funniest thing about Russia" she ex-
planned, us that she copied our educational sys-
tem based on men like John Dewey and his
teachings. and greatly improved an IT, Now
we in America are beginning to copy her."
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1944-11-18

jobs, such as electrical work Another Is through
constitutional or contractual restrictions which
bar minority group workers
Such restrictions are maintained In practice
by means of closed shop contracts whereby the
union requires that worker have q union card
or temporary permit before he may be employed.
You remember the case of AL Barnes reported
in the Chronicle - Management would have en-
ployed him to drive an interstate truck provid-
ing he could show union membership, but the
Transfers Union refused. You also recall the
Railroad cases before FEPC. The r. r. Craft
unions through contracts with management were
freezing Negroes out of skilled jobs and denying
them entry to others. At present, for example.
in the case of Negroes upgraded to dining-car
steward, they give only temporary wartime per-
mits. In other words, they have one seniority for
white members and a temporary. second-class
type for Negroes.
This is the type Of double-list. undemocratic,
discriminatory second-class Seniority that should
be changed. People who argue for junking senior
ity should make this clear This fact. incidentally,
also throws light the basic cause for resistance
to FEPC by railroad and many ALL unions.
Seniority is, however, another matter in the
Industrial unions. This kind of workers organi-
cation has a different basic philosophy, such as
that represented in practice by certain ALL
unions, by the JAW, and by all other CIO affili.
ates. These set up unions for all of the workers
in particular plant or industry according each
worker equal rights.
The Industrial union, unlike the Graft union
with a closed-shop contract does not dictate to
an organized industry who 1t shall hire What
it requires in its union-shop contracts is that
workers shall become union members after their
probationary period on the job. In the industrial
union there is no denial Of membership because
of race creed. In CIO afliates there are const-
tutional restrictions which forbid discrimination
because of race creed or color. with Committee
set up to enforce these restrictions.
Hence, Seniority is rigidly enforced without
regard to race, creed or color.
But this you say works against Negro work
ers. Negroes, you say were in most cases the
last hired by management, and union seniority
froze the existing pattern You also say there's
a big difference between plant-wide and depart
ment seniority. Yes II gets more complex than
the simple elements reviewed here this week
The less simple will come next week.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1944-11-18

of the destruction Of the American idea.
How else can explain the diatrib7 against
Sidney Hillman? How can we otherwise explain
Clare Boothe Luce and her acid arrogance How
else can We explain even Candidate Dewey's
ranting about Communism? After squeaking
through to victory by margin estimated Gas this
Is written) at 900 votes. out of total vote OF
slightly more than 100000 Mrs. Luce is re-
ported as having said: II shall REPRESENT the
people who elected me-" VIVA, does that mean!
Does that mean that Mrs. Luce will ignore the
legitimate needs of the 100000 persons who
voted against her? Is that the Luce conception
of Amercanism? Does that look as though the
beauteous playwright intends to forgive and
forget?
II La Luce and those for whom she speaks
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1944-11-18
The WATCHT0WER
By ROY WILKINS

do not intend to forget. why should the rest OF
us have lapse Of memory? On par with Luce
was a reported statement OF Governor Dewey,
following his belated acknowledgement Of de-
feat: Yes and / haven't said damned thing I
ever have to be sorry for" But the strangest of
all the post-election statements was the one
from Dewey and his manager that their cam
paign had contributed TO the unity Of the coun-
try. On the contrary. the Republican campaign
was q contribution to suspicion and disunity and
may leave scars on our population dincuh To
erase.
The point Is that the struggle between The
liberal and progressive forces and the reaction
ary groups is not ended by the smashing Roose.
Welt victory. The Democratic party machinery a
such showed up not too we'll. The Independent,
liberal groups accounted for many hundreds OF
thousands if not million Of Roosevelt votes. In
New York the new Liberal party polled $50 600
votes for FDR The old American Labor party
poled 100000 votes for the President. His plur-
atty in New York City was 1863, 900. The same
story can be repeated over the nation, although
there were no independent party groups through
which the vote could register
The split between progressive and reactionary
men and parties is becoming clearer regardless
OF the label now used There is as much differ
ence between Democrat like Wagner OF New
York and Democrat like Rankin of Mississippi
as there is between day and night. Similarly
between Republicans like LaFollette of Indiana
and Taft Of Ohio.
No, we can't forget. There are some things
We must remember. We must keep our eye on
the kind of America we want, the kind Of Amer
lea this country was supposed to be- and lay
about steadily and ceaselessly to fashion it.
guard il, and hold it.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1944-11-18
Impressions OF India By In vv1AAe

4 no more than IN Indifferent good
bye. could not recognise them il
saw tho couple again md they
certainly would not recognize me
But In that dark night. FOR the
space Of fifteen minutes, they had
unburdened their soul to q stranger
like me. Then I understood the
sadness not only Of this couple. but
Of all Indian patriots. We speak
Of India As sad" country. Why
not. never saw 80 many faces
wearing a habitual sad expression.
with puckered brows Then I saw
that, Of all spiritual degradations
man can be subjected to. the great
est is the torture Of being deprived
Of the freedom Of action, the free
dom to solve the problems Of ones
country. and the helpless frustra-
ton OF having other people solve
your problems for you. The denial
Of that freedom is the most de-
pressing and degrading form Of
mental torture that can be inflicted
upon a thinking man. So long as
man is man. he will not be satisfied
with all offers Of material goods
II that freedom Is denied. That II
something 50 few people OF the
modern age can understand.
Subsection Of q foreign country,
like capital punishment. Is moral
wrong. categorical. unqualified and
absolute.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1944-11-18


The longer he works, the more seniority he piles
up. A worker with three years on the job has
more seniority than one with two The piling up
of seniority causes certain job rights to accrue
to a worker Seniority Rights For example,
II lay-of comes, those with least seniority
shall be the first to 60.
Seniority you recognize as one of many pro-
tections provided modern day workers by union
organization. When employing establishments
grew big and the personal touch was lost, work
ers felt like the mpersonal cogs in a machine.
Unlike these, however, they were frequently
replaced despite their continued efficiency At
the within of boss or somebody's favoritsm for
an in-law, faithful workers found themselves on
the street
This problem. union organization tackled. And
now, where an industry is strongly organized,
workers fear of being uniustly dismissed after
loyal service is greatly lessened.
What is not generally recognized, however. Is
that we have two basically different types OF
unions in the United States, Craft Unions and
Industrial Unions. This is often overlooked by
people who want TO junk seniority. Craft unions
are the type represented by many ALL afhliates
(not alD.
The Craft union operates on the basic philoso-
ply that there not enough Jobs to go around
for everybody. Hence il limits competition for
available jobs. This is done by various methods
One is through ceilings on membership - which
bars anybody. regardless OF race from many