davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-04-04
Dapid Laurence

the United States, and subject to the
jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the
United States and Of the State wherein
they reside. No State shall make or
enforce any law which shall abridge
the privileges or immunities of citizens
of the United States"
Under the new Interpretation by the
Supreme Court, voter who has gone
from one State to another to work in
var plant might we'll insist on the
right to vote Notwithstanding the fact
that he has not lived there long enough
under existing State law. 1t might be
argued by the citizen that he shall not
be deprived of his vote because he went
TO work in a war plant away from his
place of residence. It might be argued
now that the absentee voter has right
TO cast his ballot and that any undue
hardshlps or restrictions imposed by a
State making it difficult or impossible
for him to vote Is in violation of
privileges and immunities" Of citizen
ship.
The whole subject of soldier voting
turns also on what the present State
laws say are the qualifications of voters
or the requirements for participation
in elections, and if the Supreme Court
can ind any basis for contending that
the absentee voter or the soldier voter
has been Disseminated against by the
State laws, no matter how old the laws
are or whatever the purpose for which
they were originally enacted, it may be
that some day the country will wake
up to find that the Court has invali-
dated many of the present State laws
governing the conduct of elections.
Reproduction rights reserved)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-04-04
Constantine BrO1Vn

The Rumanian upper and middle
classes did not openly resent these
actions which Premier Antonescu had
been compelled to accept. ANY protest
would have been ruthlessly suppressed
by the secret police. which was working
hand in glove with the Gestapo.
Communism was the main fear OF
the Rumanian political leaders who
had kept outside the government. The
feudal system of landed property in
Rumania had been gradually abolished
In the last 50 years and the peasantrv
was fearful that their land might be
"communized" and that they might
suffer the fate of the Russian kulaks
II the Soviet imposed q communist
form of government on the country.
The declaration of Soviet FOREIGN
Commissar Molotov that the Red
armies have crossed the Rumanian
borders merely to defeat the Germans
and their occupation would be only
temporary one is said already to have
had good effect on the war-weary
Rumanian population.
Some military observers believe the
Germans may decide against making a
strong defense of Rumania and her
Ploesti oil fields. deciding instead on
a defense only long enough to permit
German troops at Odessa and in the
Crimea to be withdrawn into Hungary.
If the Germans have the necessary
shipping, they can get some Of their
men back to the Black Sea port of
Constanza, from which they can be
taken to the three main railway lines
leading from Bucharest to Budapest.
Once this operation has been ended it
Is considered probable that Berlin will
leave Rumania to her own devices and
a new government win ask Moscow for
an arniStice
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-04-04
SukhuIin

Sakhalin Island has a cometlike
tendency to come and go in the news
OF the world. Native legends of
great antiquity suggest that it never
will cease to be mysterious-even to
its own inhabitants. Six hundred
miles long and varying in width
from sixteen to hundred miles. it
lies across the Pacific approach to
the east coast of Siberia in the
fashion Of an artificial bar. A cata-
clysmic geological development ages
ago separated it from the mainland
to which it naturally belongs. The
total area is about twenty-eight
thousand square miles, and the
southern half has been in the pos
session of the Japanese since the
Treaty of Portsmouth in 1905.
Other peoples, however, have
claimed Sakhalin at different times.
Dutch explorers visited the island In
1913. The celebrated French navi-
gator, Jean Francois de Galaup La
Perouse, in 1887 discovered the strait
to the north of Yezo which still
bears his name. Russian fur traders
appeared from the far side of the
shallow Gulf of Tartary in the early
portion of the nineteenth century
and detachment of CoSSacks was
stationed at settlement called Dui
in 1858. The finding Of Ignite coal
originally brought representatives of
the Mikado in search of concessions
in 1857. Joint occupation was pro-
posed, but the Car regarded the
idea as highly unsatisfactory An
influx of Russian convictS" was Or
dered, the population consequently
increased and further negotiations
ensued, with the result that, in 1875,
the island was formally ceded to
Russia Japan receiving in exchange
the entire Kurile Archipelago"
But the Japanese were not con-
tent. When hostilities were begun
without notice as usual-in 1904,
they promptly moved to acquire the
whole of Sakhalin The climate. they
knew, was very severe in winter and
raw in summer" Reports concern
ing the ''inexhaustible" coal de-
posts, however, stimulated the ex-
pansionists at Toxic to insist on an
nexation as lone of the fruits of VIC
tory" The peace conference gave
them approximately thirteen thou
sand square miles. In defiance of
the covenant, Japan seized the
northern section in 1920. The United
| States protested, and the issue was
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-04-04

cludeS any one from primary-possibly
because he has the previous year not
been a member of the party or has
not lived in the State long enough or
been q member of the party certain
length Of time-the restriction Is open
to court review. The Supreme Court
will have the final say as to whether
the privileges and immunities" of the
citizen as guaranteed by the Federal
Constitution are violated by State laws
or regulations.
This conceivably could have a far
reaching effect on primary elections
and indirectly become the means of
reaching the matter of voting in many
Southern States. In view of the recent
controversy over the payment of a poll
tax and aso the discussion of State
restrictions against absentee voting, it
would not be surprising if the newly
decided case-"Lonnie E. Smith VS.. S.
E. Albright and James E. Liuzza"-
were to be used as precedent in de-
termining the extent to which the
States or the political parties thereof
can Ak the rules for selecting candi-
dates for office.
Il *
-el edlIlly L Lie Supreme COurG may
determine that State law which vests
in political party the right to say who
shall vote in its own primaries is in
valid il it permits such party to oper-
ate under rules that impair, the rights
of the citizen under the fifteenth
amendment, relating to discrimination
on the ground of race or color, then
the Supreme Court may at any time
consider the fourteenth amendment in
relation to State laws. That amend
ment says in part:
"All persons born or naturalized in
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-04-04

discussed at the Washington confer
ence of 1922 Shortly thereafter the
Soviet envoy to the Mikado's court
tentatively offered a clear title to
the entire island for one billion gold
rubles. That solution failing of &C
ceptance, the Russians entered into
an arrangement with an American
company for the exploitation of oil
and gas in their own legitimate do
main. A similar deal" likewise soon
was contaminated with the Jap
anese, and it is that contract which
now is Cancelled.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-04-04

If the Japanese could get this rail-
way into their hands, it would be of the
utmost Importance to them as means
of shifting troops rapidly back and
forth, and particularly as means of
reinforcing their isolated garrisons in
the Canton-Hong Kong area.
This last is of a special Importance
because there seems little doubt that
part of the Allied plans for this year
involve an attack by Chinese forces,
supported by American air power, on
Canton and Hong Kong In order to open
the way into the interior of China for
American Claiborne forces and supplies
for which Admiral Nimitz is now blast
ing an ocean path across the broad
Pacific.
x
1t is, therefore, not surprising to learn
that the japanese are making prelmi-
nary moves to capture the northern
section Of the great railway. 1t is re-
ported in Chinese sources that they have
shifted seven divisions of their famous
Kwantung army soufAward from Man
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-04-04
WlB Wuqe Policy

Chairman Davis of the War Labor
Board is unquestionably right in his
assertion that the board has def
mite wage policy. Furthermore, al
though it is far from being an ideal
policy, it has served to prevent an
unreStrained wartime advance in
wage rates. While there has been a
material increase in actual earnings
as result of overtime pay and other
factors, wage rates on the whole
have been held within the Is per
cent limitation of the Little Steel
formula.
In some cases, notably those of the
coal miners and the railroad work.
ers, the formula was by-passed
through the granting of wage in
creaSeS which violated the spirit If
not the letter of the Little Steel
formula. But this was not the work
of the WLB, for it had nothing to do
with the railroad case and, in effect,
1t was overridden by the administra-
ton in the coal case. Given free
hand, the board has shown COM
mendable firmness in the applica-
ton Of its wage policy, and the re-
sponsibility for the evasion of the
policy rests elsewhere.
Because Of this, and also because
the formal demand of the steel
workers for abrogation of the wage
formula has been submitted to a
board panel, the statement by Mr..
Davis is of particular interest at this
time. Although not directed Speci-
fically to the steel case, the state
ment of the board chairman, if it
means anything, signifies that the
board intends to stick by It's guns.
And in this he is supported by the
recent statement of Sterilization
Director Vinson that the stabiliza-
ton line has been held without
hardship to any major economic
group-that, in fact, living costs
actually have declined since the
Presidents hold-the- line injunction
was issued.
If the implications of these state
nents are reali7 d-if there is no in
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-04-04
Soviet Capitalism

The Soviet government, according
to a report to the New York Times,
has embarked upon an ambitious
program to lead the Russian people
away from the economic teachings
of Karl Marx-teachings which have
been considered abroad as forming
the very essence of Soviet social
philosophy.
This new economic doctrine, de-
scribed as being Stalinist rather
than Marxist or feminist, repudiates
the dogmas of primitive commun-
ism" and seeks to accommodate
many capitalist concepts to the
needs of the Soviet state. Some
time ago the Russian authorities
found it desirable to emphasize such
things as patriotism and national
ism In the interests of a stronger
country. And now. for the same
reason, there is to be at least limit
ed recognition of capitalist economic
laws in a land whose people have
been taught to regard them as sheer
anathema.
We will be shortsighted in the ex-
IRENE if we treat this latest Soviet
development as merely an interest
ing paradox - another bit of evil
dence that Russia is moving to the
right at time when the great west
ern democracies are turning left
ward. Nor is there good reason to
suppose that this is simply another
devious change in the Communist
party line, with some sinister inter-
national implication.
That it has it's international i'm
plications undoubtedly is true
enough, For one thing, it should
facilitate Russian collaboration with
the capitalist economies of the
United States and Britain But, be-
yond this, it is a fair assumption
that Stain and his economic advis-
ers are looking forward to a post
war period when there will be vast
opportunities for Russian economic
development and expansion. Pre-
sumably. the Soviets believe that
form of state capitalism, based on
modified private profit system, is
best suited to the exploitation of
these opportunities, and so they
have adopted it.
If this has the expected results,
Russia may we'll be standing on the
Threshold of the greatest develop
ment and growth OF modern times.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-04-04
Gould Lincoln

getter and he halls from a state the
COP dearly wishes to carry this. year.
Some question has been raised. how
ever, about his availability His term
has still two years to rum. The neuten-
ant governor of California has an
nounced his intention to run in the
August 20 primary for the Republican
senatorial nomination. California Re
publicans do not wish to lose their
Governor
II Dewey should be nominated for
President, or Willkie, the probabilities
are the vice presidential nominee would
be chosen from Midwest or Western
State. Gov. Griswold, who has been
twice elected in Nebraska, may have a
considerable following for second place
on the ticket. He is progressive, for
ward looking, both on domestic and
foreign issues. A good man.
Not since 1924 have the Republicans
nominated Governor for Vice Presi-
dent and an fastener. Calvin Cool
1dge was the choice, made spontane-
ously after Warren Harding of Ohio
had been railroaded into first place on
the ticket. Gov Saltonstall of Mas
sachusetts would be good selection If
Bricker or Willkie were the presiden-
tial nominee. He has an impeccable
high-principled record Many other
politicians have been dubbed honest"
this or that. No one has tied that adiec-
tive to the Governor of Massachusetts,.
1t could be, though it isn't necessary in
his case.
Two other vice presidential POSSIBLE
ties come automatically to mind. It.
Comdr. StaSsen, former Governor Of
Minnesota, now candidate for Presi-
dent, and Representative Dirksen of
Illinois, the only member of Congress
who openly aspires to a place on the
national Renilhlican ticket
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-04-04
Texas Primaries

In holding that the Democratic
party in Texas cannot exclude Negro
voters from it's primary elections,
the Supreme Court has merely con-
cluded that fact is a fact, fiction
to the contrary Notwithstanding
This controversy is not new.
Twenty-one years ago Texas adopted
statute which declared that no
Negro could vote in a Democratic
primary in that State. A unanimous
court struck down this fragrant
violation of right guaranteed by
the Federal Constitution. If there
had ever been any doubt about the
matter, that decision made it clear
that a State cannot bar a citizen
from it's primaries merely because
he is colored.
In 1927, however, Texas tried
again, enacting a statute providing
that every political party in the
State, through it's executive com.
mittee, might prescribe the qualifl-
cations of it's own members and
determine in it's own way who should
be qualified to vote or participate in
the party. This again resulted in
the exclusion of Negroes from pri-
maries, and the Supreme Court
again struck the device down, al
though the justices on this second
occasion divided five to four.
That put an end to direct inter-
vention by the Texas Legislature,
but in 1882 the Democratic Con-
vention of Texas adopted a resolu-
ton restricting primary voting to
white citizens of the State. This
likewise was taken to the Supreme
Court, and that tribunal again by
unanimous vote, upheld the restric-
ton, contending that it was the
action of the Democratic party
rather than the State. and that it
therefore did not eontravene the
Constitution. - 49,
Now, nine years later, a changed
Supreme Court specifically reverses
this ruling in vftually identical
case. AS Justice Roberts contends
in a dissenting opinion, this is con-
fusing and tends to rob precedent
of its usefulness as a guide to the
law. Yet, granting this, it seems
plain that in this instance the latest
ruling is the right one.
The court proceeded on the theory
that, in practical effect, fhe Texas
State convention and the Texas
primaries are controlled by the State
and are the instruments of the State.
On the record, it would be as difficult
to dispute this as to deny that
exclusion from the primaries de-
prives Negroes of an effective voice
in the selection of State and ma
tional officials. 1t can hardly be
doubted that the 1882 act of the
State convention excluding Negroes
from primaries was designed to
accomplish what the State of Texas
admittedly could not do, and, in the
circumstances, 1t is difficult to see
how the Supreme Court could have
closed its eyes to this fact.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-04-04

or excluding voters-and, In fact, did
exclude Negroes from voting in the
States primaries-much more was de-
cided than merely question of dis
elimination on account of the color
of the voter.
X X
Up to now the political parties of the
States have felt that they could select
their own nominees subject only to
general rules or statutes governing such
selection. In many instances the States
have delegated to the political parties
themselves the right to say who shall
vote in their primaries and how NOM
nations shall be made Now, the Su-
preme Court declares. such activity is,
in fact, a delegation of State power and
must be subject to constitutional re-"
quirements and hence to court review.
What this means, perhaps, is that
if a political party for any reason ex-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-04-04

Democrats are eying second place on
the party ticket with great interest.
Vice President Wallace quite openly
has been out on the stump-speaking,
of course, for the New Deal and Mr..
Roosevelt.
No, no one runs for Vice President, but
some creep up on the nomination. The
usual technique is for a potential vice
presidential nominee to announce his
candidacy for first place on his party's
ticket, as a favorite-son candidate. If
that course is not followed, then the
word is passed around to party lead
ers, particularly those who are backing
likely presidential nominees, that So
and-so is available" for second place
and perhaps would like to have it.
X y y X
While none of the Republican Gov
ernors-there are 26-is declaring his
candidacy for the COP vice presidential
nomination, any one of them, except
Gov. Thomas E. Dewey of New York,
would jump at the chance to take It,
The Dewey exception is made because
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-04-04

war. They joined Germany merely
because the government of Dictator
Antonescu decided to do so. At first
they believed the Germans story that
Russia would be destroyed in a few
months. The Rumanians are said to
have been lukewarm to the idea of con-
tinuing to fight after Bessarabia and
part of sBucovina had been recovered.
There was deep resentment when, in
stead of pausing at the Dniester River,
the Berlin masters ordered the whole of
Rumania's Army to move farther to the
east.
X
There have been authentic reports
that the Rumanians bitterly resented
the enormous losses suffered by their
armies in battles such as the one at
Staiingrad where at least 10 of their
divisions were annihilated. Rumanian
soldiers who managed to return from
the front related stories of how they
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-04-04
COP Policies Approved.
To the Editor Of The Star:

10 the Editor OF The Star:
In reply to the question, "What do
the Republicans have to offer?" which
is being asked by certain quarters lately,
may l say that it is not so much what
the Republicans have to offer as it is
what they do not have to offer that
is making them so desirable for ma
tional leadership.
Among the things they do not have
to offer is program to WPA the world
at the expense of the American tax
payer, plan to regiment the people
according to the visions of nonelecled
master minds, the idea that deficits are
desirable, that the Constitution is an
obstruction to advancement a theory
that destruction of foodstuffs makes
plenty, an indispensable Chief Execu-
tive, etc.
From the question, "What do the
Republicans have to offer?" it could
appear that New Dealers regard our
Government as Santa Claus affair
rather than as group elected to formu-
late and administer the Nations laws
IN agreement with the Constitution.
J. J. SPERRY.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-04-04
This Changing World

had been caught in the middle of the
subzero Russian winter with thin sum-
mer uniforms. Rumanians were frozen
to death on the battleields near
Stalingrad.
Rumanian prisoners, particularly
peasants, were we'll treated by the
Russians. They were. properly fed,
given warm clothing and eventually
smuggled back to their country where
they told their countrymen tales of
horror that they had seen and the good
treatment received at the hands of the
foe
These stories spread quickly in a
country where the grapevine works well,
and the discomfort among the Ruma-
MAN masses against government which
was sending their people to death for
no reason whatsoever grew by leaps
and bounds.
The intellectual Rumanians were as
dissatisfied as the other classes Al
though all political parties had been
abolished by Premier Antonescu, old
Rumanian political men such as Dr.
Junius Manu- and Jon Bratiano, jr
still enjoyed the respect of their coun-
trymen.
X 4
Unlike Finland, Rumania considers
each of her neighbors as a traditional
enemy. The enmity Of the Rumanians
toward the Hungarians and Bulgarians,
their western and southern neighbors,
is much stronger than against the
Russians. The Hungarians already have
regained parts of Pennsylvania which
were given to Rumania by the Allies
at the end of the World War, while
parts of Southern Dobrudja, also a
Rumaaian province, were given back
to the Bulgarians by Hitler's diplomats.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-04-04

Allied air opposition down to a mini
mum.
This is where the present Japanese
operations on the frontier of Assam
come in. AS has been stated in previous
articles, the objective of the Allied oper-
ations in Northern Burma appears to
be the reopening of road cornmunica-
lions with China by way of Ledo, which
is one of the eastern termini of the
Assam Bengal railway.
II this could be done, the volume Of
supplies that could thus be made avail
able for Gen. Chennault would be con-
Slderably augmented; certainly enough
to enable him to deal effectively with
any japanese offense south of the
Yangtze and quite possibly enough to
provide him with a margin for support
ing an ultimate Chinese offensive
against Canton and Hong Kong-pro-
Vided the japanese troops defending
these ports continue to be dependent
solely on their dwindling sea-borne
supply.
The Japanese are, therefore, striking
desperately across the Assam frontier
in an endeavor to cut the Assam-Ben-
gal railway-possibly In the vicinity OF
Dimapur. Should this attempt be sue
ceSsful, and should the japanese be able
to maintain their position astride the
railway, the Ledo road would be useless
and communications of Gen. Stilwell's
army in northern Burma would be cut
But it seems impossible that with
their exposed position and long lines of
communities tionS, the Japanese can hope
for any permanent result of this char
acter. The weight of probability is that
they are attempting a diversion and
hope for nothing more than the draw
ing back of some of Gen. Stilwells
forces to meet the threat to his supply
line,
tCopyrisht, 1o4x.)