davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The CIO news., 1944-09-18

Despite many inequities between
wages and the cost Of living, in
spite of many personal hardships
endured by war workers living
under crowded conditions and toll
ing long hours. and regardless Of
certain limitations on the mobility
Of labor imposed by necessary war
time manpower stabilization regu-
lations, the fact remains that the
American worker has not only re-
tanned. but In some instances has
extended. his basic right TO engage
in collective bargaining through
representatives of his own choos-
ing.
More than 100000 men and
women today belong 10 labor
unions the highest number In our
history-and their ranks are stead
lily increasing. Many more workers
are protected by the collective bar
gaining agreements which the
unions have negotiated. Union
wage rates, better working condi-
tions. vacations with pay, and other
benefits have been maintained or
won at the same time that our
country has been accomplishing the
greatest production and iranspor-
tation job In all history. The tre-
mendous mass OF fine equipment
placed at the disposal Of our armed
forces and those of our Allies will
soon complete the destruction Of
Hitlerism and. in due time. also
facilitate the settling Of accounts
with the once-boastful Japanese
warlords.
STEPS NEEDED NOW
1t is not enough. however. 10
cite labor's war record. Military
victory over our enemies can he
cancelled out II we fail TO take
steps now TO plan for an orderly
transition from wartime 10 peace
time production. Should the i'm
pending defeat of Germany, with
the resulting cutbacks in our war
production. find us unprepared 10
take care of the needs of the mil
lions Of workers released from war
industries. then we shall face chaos
at home.
Not only labor. but all elements
in the population. including busi-
nessmen. farmers. professionals, |
have a stake in averting a eatas-
trophic postwar collapse OF the
American economy and American
democracy. That is why there is
more or less general agreement
that our country must participate
in arrangements TO insure world |
wide peace following the conclu-
sion OF this war For world NJ
1eace Is the first prerequisite 20
securing worldwide markets for
american commodities.
But II II Is important to Insure
world markets for our goods. II Is
equally important to sustain do
The CIO news., 1944-09-18
Labor DoyStotement
BY A. +. WHITNEY

Free labor is winning this That is the outstanding
achievement marking Labor Day 1914.
The CIO news., 1944-09-18

UNITY IN EVERY UNION; COOPERATION OF
ALL UNIONS; OBEDIENCE TO CHOSEN LEAD
ERS: ADHERENCE TO UNION PRINCIPLES
AND PLEDGES; PRESENTATION OF THE
HARD.WON RIGHTS OF UNION LABOR; VIGI-
LANCE TOWARDS HOSTILE LEGISLATORS;
SUPPORT OF THE PROVEN FRIENDS OF La
BOR IN ELECTIONS; WHOLEHEARTED COOP
GRAFTON WITH ALL WHO SINCERELY WORK
FOR THE WELFARE AND ADVANCEMENT OF
THE WHOLE COMMUNITY.
Nogales international., 1944-11-17
Completes End
Year Of
Ouerseas Duty

| 18TH ARMY AIR FORCE IN
ITALY, Nov 16-Cpl Manuel Esca-
lada, 2-6 International street, No
gales, Ariz, recently completed his
second year of overseas duty with
this 18th AAF P-38 Lightning fight
er-bomber group now based in
Italy.
Activated in May 1912 and sent
into action in Africa late in Decem-
ber 1912, the group was among the
first long range fighter units in the
Mediterranean theater of opera
tionS. Since it's first mission flown
from African soil on Christmas Day
1912, the group has achieved an
outstanding combat record rolling
up the top score of any fighter unit
in the Mediterranean theater of
over $50 enemy aircraft shot down
in aerial combat.
Hampered by adverse weather and
trying living conditions, frequent
shortages of vital parts and supplies,
the men of this group, serving
through the African, Sicilian, Ital-
ian and European aerial offensives,
formed themselves into hard hit
ting, smooth working combat team
that won for them two Presidential
and one Distinguished Unit Cita-
tions.
The group was first cited for lead
ing the mass P-38 low-level strafing
attack on German air bases in the
Foggia, italy, area, on August %,
1943, in which over $50 Junker 88's
and fighters were destroyed or
damaged on the ground.
The second citation was for an
aerial battle on September 2, 1943,
with enemy fighters attempting to
intercept formation of B-25
bombers attacking rail yards in the
Naples area. The Lightnings en-
countered 70 aircraft and shot down
"a of them in a savage battle which
carried 100 miles out to sea. Not
a single bomber was lost.
The third citation, recently pre-
sented to the group by Major Gen
eral Nathan F. Twining, 18th Air
Force commander, was awarded Tor
the historic long-range fighter
bomber attack made June 10, 1914,
against the Romano Americana OIL
Refinery, Ploesti, Rumania, then a
high priority target in Europe. In
this attack, P-38's led by Colonel
William P. Litton, Shaw, Miss,
flew $50 miles to the target at tree
top level, then climbed at the last
Nogales international., 1944-11-17

pounds of aluminium, 500 pounds OF
scrap brass, 500 pounds of scrap
copper, $50 pounds of electric light
bulb bases, 1880 pounds unservice-
able storage batteries, 1000 flash
lights without batteries and bulbs,
500 electric lanterns without batter
les and bulbs, 8 pump type fire ex-
tinguishers, 13 water type extin-
guishers, "a soda-acid and foam
type extinguishers.
Ferrous metals-5 gross tons heavy
cast iron, 100 pounds barbed wire,
5 milk cans of 5-gallon capacity
each, 80 square tin cans of 5gallon
capacity each, one 3bowl medical
stand, rs tire pumps, three medical
cabinets with nine trays and four
cupboards, 1913 buckets of galvan-
lied iron with 12-quart capacity, u
buckets with mop wringers, 800
pounds of unserviceable nails, Is
pans of enamelware including trays,
pans, ETC., 25 pounds of tinplated
kitchenware, 720 pounds of mess
equipment, including tinplated kits
and cups, 700 pounds of knives:
forks and spoons.
Rubber-1,00 pounds, cotton
covered fire. hose, 1000 pounds OF
garden nose, 500 pounds of scrap
Nogales international., 1944-11-17
rubber,

rubber.
Cotton textiles-2, 200 pounds shell
ter halves, $500 pounds oil-treated
raincoats, 4,5O0 pounds of tentage
without hardware and rope, $4,000
pounds webbing scrap.
Containers and .lumber-Four beer
barrels, 1000 round drums of five
gallon capacity, 287 five-gallon water
drums, 600 drums, inflammable, S
gallons capacity, 25 galvanized iron
drums of 15-gallon capacity each,
759 miscellaneous boxes, six 2wheel
hand carts, nine jugs of 25-gallon
capacity each, 1000 jugs of gallon
capacity, one meat block, So wooden
mallets, No. 25, 200 pick handles,
seven tables with triangular stand,
20 telephone wire poles, and 40 net
tons of white cullet.
Nogales international., 1944-11-17

Bids For Surplus
Equipment To Be
Opened On NoU. II

FORT HUACHUCA, Nov. 10
Bids will be received here on surplus
equipment which is being sold by
the government to the public.
Bids will be opened at $3.50 pm.
Nov. 81 at the office of Captain j..
E. Westerfield, purchasing and con-
tracing officer, who has copies OF
the bid. Those interested in the
items listed below are asked to con-
tact Captain Westerfield, telephone
3165, Fort Huachuca, for copies OF
the bid which must be returned tt
his office not later than the specl-
fled date of opening.
The list of items includes: 200
Nogales international., 1944-11-17

moment through fierce anti-aircraft
fire and swarms of enemy fighters
to drop their bombs on the smoke
screened target, scoring hits on key
installations.
Cpl. Escalada has been awarded
the Good Conduct Medal, wears
three stars on his European, Afri-
can, Middle Eastern ribbon, and
the Distinguished Unit Bar with
two clusters.
Certified Passed by Field Press
CenSOr)
Nogales international., 1944-11-17
F., MOVE TO IDAHO

Mr.. and Mrs. Hugh Felsted, for
mer1y of Nogales, have moved from
Parker, Arizona, to Anderson Dam,
Idaho. Writing the Nogales Inter
national this week, Mrs. Felsted
said: your paper is most welcome
and must be God send to the boys
in the service. Am keeping every
issue for the information about the
servicemen."
Nogales international., 1944-11-17

The news of the successful invasion of the Phil
ippines stirred the nation. For it was an amazing
achievement landing great numbers of troops
and enormous quantities of supplies thousands
of miles across the Pacific.
It was thrilling triumph for our Army, Navy
and Merchant Marine.
We railroaders got special thrill from the
news too, not only because we are Americans but
also because we know now that months ago the
Philippine invasion started on the railroads.
And many railroader who in recent months, has
worked double shifts to keep the war freight roll
ing to Pacific Ports, knows that he, too had part
in putting those men ashore on Leyte Island.
This mighty blow at Japan placed an especially
large burden on the Western railroads. Serving
a less populated territory the Western lines nor
mally do not have the density of traffic of the
eastern trunk lines and their trackage was de-
signed accordingly. Yet the western roads, in
spite Of a manpower shortage, have handled
their enormous war burden efficiently and on
schedule. Theirs has been real achievement too.
Nogales international., 1944-11-17
Now we know the part we played
in the Philippine invasion

Since Southern Pacific is the largest Western
railroad and serves the major ports of embarka-
ton on the West Coast, very large portion OF
the troops and war material destined for the
Philippines moved over our rails.
From now on, more and more of Americas
might will roll West over the railroads for the
final showdown with Japan. Southern Pacifc's
100000 ,railroaders know well how important it
is to keep these war trains rolling But they need
help. They need the help of thousands OF men
and women for this job.
There's job waiting for you in the supply line
that backs up our men in the Pacific. lfyou want
a good job with a company whose biggest job
still lies ahead, please visit one of our employ
ment Offices, or see your nearest S.P Agent today.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1944-10-07
new PAY SHOWS NEGROES AS HUMANS

Of the title is girl who had been sent from home
by her father after she had made one mistake. and
who fell into the waterfront dives Of Brooklyn.
Allowed back by her still unforgivng father. she
narreS young boy from the South and is about
TO be happy VIII, N her past returns 10 drag her
down again. The framework is trite. ,t-haps. but
Mr.. Yordan's endowment of the characters is not.
And the fact that the members of the American
Negro Theatre playing them so we'll violates
one of the stages most cherished thoughts about
tn place of Harlem in the theatre.
NEGRO ACTORS
For in the usual Broadway scheme of things, the
Negro normally is one Of a few types He is a
zoot-suited gin-drnkng son Of the Savoy, whose
mother sings only haunting spirituals whose ia
Their is called George" on the Pullman cars; he is
butle~ or maid; or. at another extreme. he is
dangerous with REFERS and knife On Broadway,
the Negro often is symbol rather than char
acter, and typifes evil, or low comedy or the
spirit of jazz. Sometimes he is used to cry down
the undoubted and horrible wrongs that have been
his lot but even there he also is more symbolcal
than real. In ANNA Lucasta" by the grace OF the
intelligent direction of his theatre he is play
ing human role rather than racial one. After
Mr.. Robesons Othello, and the new "iSitor from
Harlem, Negro actors will not be required to wear
zoot suits this year.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1944-10-07

THERE CAN BE no doubt that Anna Lucasta'
- is receiving one of the best performances in
town Having been playing together before. the
members Of the American Negro Theatre act as
unit rather than one two stars-and the rest
Of the cast Hilda Simms, who had been in stock
in the West and on the radio here. brings beauty
70 the title role. and if her performance opening
night was not always completely easy, that will
grow smoother as the play goes OIL Frederick
O'Neal who was responsible for founding the
American Negro Theatre, has wonderful time
as a hulking pompous, family dim character torn
between new schemes and old disasters. Canada
Lee is in the company also, courtesy on his part
since the role is small but tribute to his belief
in the Negro Theatre and its current play. Earle
Hyman is a likeable juvenile and Alice Chdress is
drawing what must be the final picture of glib.
sardonc street-walker. None of the roles in the
play are treated other than well.
There is another important credit to Anna
Iucasta quite aside from the fact that II is good
theatre The group which tried out the play and
Mr. Wildberg who brought it down Seventh Ave-
nue.. have proven completely that Harlem also
likes play about people rather than about race
of people Anna LucaSta" is not Negro drama
in any sense nor in its original form could it have
been strictly about Polish Americans. The Anna
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1944-10-07
THE WATCHTOWER 3, ROY WILKINS

do not neglect Them the enrolment is nothing
like what il should be. We are working people
and should welcome night schools but with the
exception of British West Indians, only a small
percentage of the Negro population avails itself
Of evening classes in the free colleges.
This column is advised that border cities such
as Washington and ST. Louis have had a notice
able increase in elementary school enrolment be-
cause newly-arrived migrants in good paying jobs
have sent back south for their own children, and
children of their relatives in order to get them in
good schools.
There is little or no indication, however. that
northern Negroes are too much concerned about
the fine schooling available in their areas.
Well, If they do not pay some attention. the
handwriting is on the wall for the race whole
This world is too complex and will become more
so. Ignorant people, no matter what their color
will not be able to keep step. Even people who
claim to work with their hands at hard labor
will find they need technical training some
knowledge of mechanics machinery, electricity
mathematics, even physics The Alaska highway
for example, was not built with picks and shovels
but with machinery. In large cities we no
longer have janitors for business buildings and
apartment houses; we have superintendent who
have TO know something more than how to handle
mop and broom.
Leaving aside technical training we need 10
learn how to speak reasonably good English. There
is no excuse for young Negroes, born since the
first World War speaking plantation-cabn Eng
lsh. In this matter of education, just as in other
matters. is fond Of blaming everything on
race prejudice whereas in truth we have our own
indifference and laziness 10 blame for much Of our
trouble.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1944-10-07

resentatives will say, 'Its only a few minority
group leaders who clamoring for FEPC.
The great majority of voters who keep us in Office
don't really give hang. They wouldn't even
put themselves out to come to meeting to hear
about FEPC. OF more concern to them is an aft
ernoon dinner snooze or a movie"
If our representatives in the legislatures should
get false excuse for saying such things, you also
know what they will do, or rather, won't do.
Action to set up permanent FEPC, either in the
state or nationally, will be stalled and FEPC will
become another football, like poll tax legislation,
to be kicked about year after year.
That must not be permitted to happen to FEPC.
This beachhead in fight for first class citizen
ship must not only be held, but must be extended.
The fight must 90 on, with each Of us doing our
part in our own little way. For some this may be
nothing more than showing the public in
terested. That in itself is a contribution to the
cause.
FEPC legislation the Chronicle recently tolo
you, is still the fence. In the Senate bill was
reported favorably by the Committee which had
held hearings on it. After election this will get
to the floor of the Senate.
In the House, however, the outlook is not so
bright There the bill for a permanent FEPC is
still bottled up in the Committee Labor AS
yet no action has been taken to favorably report
it out for a vote on the floor of the House. This
is the next step; but this step will be taken
unless a widespread public interest is shown.
Ihat is Wnere we come In again. lot without US,
and millions like u.s. there can be no public
interest"
Do you agree? Does the foregoing sound logical
to you?
The other subjects, Marvin Du Pres music, and
the alleged inferority of women, will have to wait
until next week. Talking about the meeting took
more space than expected But these two SUBJ
jects we are coming back to. No. this column
doesn't pretend to be music critic! But like a
lot Of other people we know what We like when
we like it.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1944-10-07

There is, however another factor which far
outweighs any considerations of personal enjoy
ment of the program. This meeting puts you and
me on the spot Millions of eyes will be upon us.
They will be watching to see if you and you, and
]. come to Northern high school, Woodward and
Clairmount, on Sunday at three o'clock Not only
will Detroit be watching to see how eager
are to turn out for FEPC meeting; others, too,
will be awake to what we do. Governor Kelly and
the Democratic gubernatorial candidate, Edward
j. Fry, will be watching; so will our Senators and
Representatives in Washington; Governor Dewey
and President Roosevelt will also hear whether we
were there.
All of these political party leaders try to keep
tab on the public pulse They want to know if all
OF us really mean business when we talk about
FEPC, or are we just kidding when insist that,
above all else, we want equal economic opportun-
ity for all.
You know what the country will think il only
q handful OF people turn out for this meeting. OF
that, you need no reminder. Our legislative rep
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1944-10-07

Charleston as delegate to the constitutional con-
vention he could not read write. Painfully he
made himself learn Gideon went on TO become
congressman In Washington.
The trouble among us today seems TO be that
too many thousands OF people think ii Is
sufficient to be able 10 read and write. They take
a little elementary schooling and some 60 on TO
high school, but there for the most part they stop.
They don't seem 10 understand that the world of
1914 requires far more than reading and writing
A good barometer of this feeling may be found
in the enrolment figures for free municipal col
leges New York City has four such institutions:
Hunter College for Women. College of the City
of New York. co-educational Brooklyn and Queens
Colleges CO. educational. While our young people
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1944-10-07

MS rlDS. lnat 8 Wnat gas STA
ton operator tried to convince
Is of this morning.
The FEPC mass meeting,
with Malcolm Ross, big boss of
President Roosevelt's Commit
tee on Fair Employment Prac-
tice, you have already heard
about. This is Detroit's first
chance to hear the fighting head
of FEPC tell the story of his
agency. This meeting has a list
of colorful speakers. 1t will be
good entertainment. In addi-
ton, Marvin Du Pre- is helping
with the program. Enough said!
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1944-10-07

The Negro writer, therefore. has
a double obligation: 10 truth; and
to the effect upon his readers of
the particular truth he selects. He
dare not take the position that
since all that is human is his novel;
lists province. he has a perfect
right to describe scoundrel Negroes
il he so prefers. He does so al
peril 10 his people. For every
scoundrel Negro he describes gets
magnified out of all proportion into
a person supposedly typical OF all
Negroes. He may think he IS pre-
senting an honest picture Of just
one scoundrelly person; but newt
ably his honest picture OF one in
dividual is falsified into a type. and
becomes a hurt 20 his people.
Must he therefore be dishonest
in his portrayals? Must he white
wash his characters? Obviously
not; for truth is wide domain.
Many kinds OF individuals make
up our human society: and there is
no cosmic compulsion upon the
writer TO choose one kind or an
other. He can choose the charac-
tiers that will do his people honor
instead OF hurt II he actually cam
not find such characters among his
own people then the whites must
be right in what they say about the
Negro. II is up TO the Negro writer
TO prove that they are not right.
The white man created the Negro
problem; he cannot alone uncreate
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1944-10-07
NEGROES AND WHITES
MUST Know EACH OTHER

This common task. however. cam
not be worked out in mutual ig-
norance We must know the Ne
groeS Is surely as the Negroes must
know us. We must know them in
their essential Negro characterized
as poor limitations OF whites. nor as
"nisgerS" made vicious or ludicrous
by white environments. The So
ciety We build together may we'll
require the Negroes contribution
more than his spiritualS. more than
his jazz. II may need something
which he can offer. but we whites
are as yet unable 20 describe 10
Notwithstanding 10 Offset the
sheer. rigid individualisn and un-
concern Of our own society Perhaps
the Negro has something. Perhaps
he could contribute il X given a
chance. Perhaps We would wan; IL
II We could know what il is
This is the most difficult; and i'm
poriant task that cOntrontS Negro
writers of fiction: to interpret their
people TO us and 10 themselves.
Pending the Qualification OF that
task. however. there would seem 10
be at least seven kinds OF Negro
that might serve as fic;ionsl charac-
tiers 10 build an image convincing
to whites and a source OF pride or
al least understanding 10 the Ne
groes.
The first is the Negro who is the
victim OF conditions created by
whites. Richard Wright has pre-
sented such a type IN his Native
Son."
Every story OF this kind helps 20
build up very specific imase-of
the made y-the-white- man Negro
/, whites can be persuaded 20 keep
that image in mind. 50 that when
ever they see Negro, they newt
ably see "made-by-the-white-
man-Negrs," a gresi Siep ahead will
have been taken For the strength
~ the anti-Negro prejudice among
whites is the assumption that the