davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1944-02-21
Dorothy Thompson

only moderate protective tariffs
financial relationships would be regu-
lated by the goid standard Inter-
nally every state would be dedicated
to the principles of free individual en-
terprise, with minimum of state in
reference
Mr.. Crowther does not himself believe
that these 10th century principles will
fit the needs of the goth. The League
broke down for inherent reasons Now
being discussed is true international
police force, or continuance into peace
of the Four Power Alliance And our
economic principles are just as much in
question.
Most Englishmen." he writes, "have
serious doubts whether private enter
prise can any longer be regarded as the
sole or even the principal determinant
OF economic activity" And he con-
cludes, Il would not admit that either
representative government or free capi-
talism was dead. But even i'm our
domestic affairs. it seems to me to be
difficult to affirm that they are still
the sole or the dominant principles. AS
articles for export they are even more
doubtful. . The goth century is not
simply an extension of the 18th The
problems of the postwar world will not
be those of the 10Th century. In many
respects they will be directly opposite
e. g., the pressure to create maximum
employment rather than maximum in
come; the need to curb the freedom of
nation states, rather than to create
them
Released by The Bell Syndicate Incl
Evening star., 1944-02-21

temped responses to that reality, which
Ortega Y. GaSSett called "the revolt of
the masses. The American social
Philosopher Henry George foresaw it
in the middle of the 10Th century. 1t is
the result of modern industrialism
which has turned former private own
ers-yeomen farmers or small business
men-into wage and salary workers.
whose entire existence depends upon
the uninterrupted functioning of the
productive system. This productive
system, though it has created the great
est wealth the world has ever seen, has
periodically broken down, destituting
millions. This fact-and not the propa-
ganda of radicals-has brought it into
question. 1t is to this fact that
modern economy must find an answer.
And if it doesn't, no amount of adept
maneuvering" will prevent Comrnu-
nism from triumphing, on defeated
Fascism.
This is recognized by the thoughtful.
So conservative a man as Geoffrey
Crowther, editor of the London Econ
omist, writes in the current issue of
Foreign Affairs
AT this stage of the last war friend
ana Zoe alike knew the general prin-
ciples of the world order that would
follow an Allied victory self-deter-
mined, independent states, linked to-
gether by a League of Nations :.
The normal pattern for states-a two
chamber legislature elected by univer-
sal suffrage, responsible executive, an
independent judiciary, and civil Iber-
ties.
Commercial policy would permit
Evening star., 1944-02-21
Down Payment at Truk

The American return visit to Truk,
which Admiral Nimitz describes as
a partial settlement of the debt"
owed to Japan on the Pearl Harbor
account, must have been a highly
destructive affair.
The Navy's communique reveals
that nineteen Japanese ships, in
cluding two light cruisers and three
destroyers, were sunk: seven more
probably sunk. and 201 enemy
planes destroyed. This cost US
seventeen planes and damage to one
ship.
On the face of this report it is
evident that there is balance due
on the debt, for our fleet sustained
heavier losses at Pearl Harbor. It
should be remembered, however,
that the destruction of enemy ships
and planes does not tell the whole
story of the damage done. Appar-
emily anticipating an attack, the
japanese moved the more impor-
tant warships which were at Truk
when our reconnaissance planes
photographed the base early this
month. But they could not move
such things as runways, repair yards
and their drydock, and the disclos-
ure that our feet-protected carriers
hovered off Truk for two days Sug-
gestS that these installations took a
terrific pounding And in the long
run the loss of these facilities, if
they were destroyed, may we'll prove
more injurious to Japan than the
sinking of ships or destruction of
planes.
There is the further fact that,
while Pearl Harbor was a one-day
stand for the Japanese, the Ameri-
can forces that were dispatched to
Truk are in the Central Pacific to
stay. In more than two years, the
Japanese could not or dared not re-
turn to Pearl Harbor. But our Navy
can return to Truk, and the japanese
know full well that it will return.
For this reason, the down payment
which has been made at Truk serves
for practical purposes as settle
ment in full of the debt so far as
that once-powerful enemy base is
concerned. The nineteen ships now
on the bottom of the Truk lagoon
and the shattered installations
ashore give plain notice that the
Japanese can never again use Truk
as sanctuary for their fleet. Out
of the ruins of December 7, 1941,
new and greater Pearl Harbor has
arisen. But Truk is done for.
Evening star., 1944-02-21
Another View of France
To the Editor Of the Star.

To the Editor Of the Star:
Many articles about the occupied
countries of Europe contain a great
deal of unsubstantial pessimism or
optimism. The actual verified facts
necessarily are few. Take for example
Albin Johnson's report on "Once-Gav
Paris" (The Star for February 49,:
here the unproven gloom is put on full
blast. We read "Disintegration has
set in, especially in the older streets
where the effects of neglect have put
many landmarks beyond repair" But
in four or five years, buildings of stone
or succeed brick don't crumble unless
bombed. OF course, they need paint and
repairs; so do the buildings of London.
Is it going to take a generation for
people, eager to work, to repaint and
repair their cities? Surely not those
parts that have not been bombed.
When, however, Mr.. johnson writes:
What was the real France, if found at
all, Is seen now only in the provinces,
where the spirit of resistance still smol-
ders albeit ineffectively," he lays himself
open to graver charge-to that of
making malicious, gratuitous assertions
that Will be deeply resented by the
friends OF France. The men who escape
from France, every few weeks, tell us
that at present sabotage does more
damage than the Allied bombings-a
statement difficult to prove, 1 admit.
but which must be placed beside Mr..
Johnson's remarks, in all fairness to
one OF our fighting Allies.
One wonders if among Mr.. Johnson's
informed travellers were not a few per-
sons of pro-Axis sympathies.
ERIN SAMSON.
Mclean, Va. Can old subscriber).
Evening star., 1944-02-21
Constantine BrOaUN

from across the seas. This necessitates
naval operations which are complicated
even when the submarine situation Is
under control. To illustrate how dis
tances affect fighting capacity, 1t is
pointed out that an army of say 100000
men operating 1000 miles from its main
base can place in combat striking
force not exceeding 10000 to $1,000 men.
The Germans are operating on interi-
or lines in Italy and their logistic prob
lens are much less serious than ours.
They confronted these problems when
they were moving fast into the heart
of Russia. The German defeat at Stall
Of supplying large force over great
distances with inadequate means OF
communications.
supplies by rail and road in much
shorter time than we can. Their divi-
sions in Italy are being brought from
France, the Balkans or from Germany
in much less than half of the time
needed by the Allies for the same opera
ton. 1t is unquestionably true that we
are killing many Germans. But it also
is true that our losses are not COM
pletely negligible.
The Nazis still have about 280 diH-
sions on all fronts and are shortening
their front in the east to such an ex-
tent that they may be able to hold
their future lines with no more than
120 divisions. In this event they will
have an ample supply of manpower for
the defense of the European fortress.
The time may come next summer
when the Allied air armadas will be
able to operate without the handicap
of bad weather. Then, under the con-
slant hammering of Allied aviation, the
mobility Of the Nazi troops may be
hampered.
Evening star., 1944-02-21
Farms and the Droft

In ordering sweeping review of
draft registrants classified as essen
tial farm workers. selective service
authorities are moving to tap a pool
OF manpower whose deferred status
has been subjected to some criticism
in the past. the chief complaint
being that a considerable number
OF individuals in this group do not
belong in it. since their personal
contribution to agricultural produc-
tion has been negligible.
Heretofore, under the Tydings
amendment to the Selective Service
Act, it has been virtually manda-
tory for local draft boards to defer
any one found to be necessary to
and regularly engaged in" farm
work. AS a result, some 100000
individuals have been placed in the
&c and &c classifications, &c
covering those employed in essen
tial agricultural jobs but having no
J dependents and sc those who are
in such jobs and have dependents
as well. The new order calls upon
local boards to begin an immediate
reconsideration of deferments in the
first group, and upon concluding
that, to review the status of those
in the second group.
The original reason for accord
ing special treatment to individ-
uals qualifying for these classifca-
tions was to make sure there would
be enough manpower on the Ma
tion's farms to guarantee increased
agricultural production. In the re-
classification procedure this factor
will continue to receive full con-
sideration, but to retain his deferred
status every registrant will have to
meet the minimum productive
standards established by selective
service as to the measure of essen
tiality in agriculture.
OF the 100000 thus facing re-
examination. an estimated 100000
are non-fathers and 100000 are
unmarried and less than % years
old. The expectation is that a con-
siderable portion Of this pool can be
called into the armed forces without
any adverse effect on our agricul-
tural output. At any rate, the num-
bers involved seem large enough to
warrant careful review OF their
qualifications for continued defer
ments.
Evening star., 1944-02-21
Boys on Bikes

Their heads and shoulders strain against
the 1Dind,
And palm blood foWs into the handle
bars;
Their feet upon responding treadles spin
Rhythm as epen as a Swinging stars.
No words are said except those spoken by
The singing wheels and pebbles an
S,Dering,
While do1on the quiet, friendly street
they speed
As it some Turing charm Uere beck
oning.
Strangely, feel the buoyancy of youth
And n1y blood tingIes NTH the ui-
brdnt hum
While /, too, cycle through the UaH OF
1Dind
Loudly hnllootng back. 20 tollopi
Comet"
ROSE MYRA PHILLIPS.
Evening star., 1944-02-21
Says George Found Law


To the Editor of The Star:
Your correspondent, who takes excep-
tlons to my advocacy of natural law
IN the realm of economics, speaks for
the majority of men who see nothing
in natural law other than an unfriendly
force working against the welfare of
mankind as evidenced by the earth
quake, the hurricane, the pestilence, the
ferocity of wild beasts floods, and pests
OF insect life. 1t is, indeed, unfortunate
that the existence of natural law in
the realm of economics remains un-
recognized by SO many. Everyone of the
nearly threescore departments of price
regulation is presided over by a college
professor who thereby disclaims his be-
lief in natural law and his approval
OF the rules and regulations made bv
office holders in Washington as a proper
substitute for it.
When Henry George some 10 years
ago observed the anomaly of persistent
poverty with advancing progress, he
took upon himself the task of solving
TINS mystery and with greater vision
and intellect than other men, he was
successful in his search for truth. Bv
tne same scientific method which an
astronomer makes use of in the discovery
OF an unknown planet by observing the
influence OF it upon other celestial
podles, Henry George demonstrated the
existence of hitherto unknown
natural law, the continual breaking of
which by demonstration was found to
be responsible for the problem of un-
deserved poverty This discovery was
given to the world IS years ago in his
masterpiece. Progress and Poverty"
HENRY WARE ALLEN.
Wichita Kans.
Evening star., 1944-02-21

able conditions, in order. to secure his
lines all over Europe and be prepared
to fight on at least two major fronts.
Thus, the supporters OF the Italian
campaign say that regardless Of the i'm
mediate results of the present fighting
in Central Italy, an important tactical
objective already has been achieved at
relatively low cost when we consider
their position last July and August.
The soundness of this theory is be-
ing challenged by those who could not
see good purpose imam advance into
italy beyond the lower part of the boot
Had the Allies decided to direct their
major offensive against the Reich
through the Balkans and Yugoslavia,
the Italian campaign would have been
fully justified they say.
1t is true that the Germans have
sent larger force to italy than they
originally expected to send. But so far
as can be learned from published in
formation, only two divisions have been
identified as coming from the eastern
front. 1t is said that these divisions
were withdrawn from Russia for a rest
some time before the beginning of our
invasion.
How much our Italian campaign has
affected the eastern front is debatable
question. 1t is true that the Nazis were
obliged to reinforce their positions in
Italy soon after the fall of Mussolini
and our landing at Salerno. But no
competent strategist will place himself
on record as saying these reinforce
ments affected the eastern front in
any way.
Logistically, the Nazis have a definite
advantage over us. The Allied 5th and
9th Armies have to be supplied with
replacements war materiel and food
Evening star., 1944-02-21
Frank K. Kent

no real action has been taken to stop
the second-only proposed Moreover,
there is slight chance of national serv-
Ice law or real antistrike steps before
the election. Nor can one tell now
whether the recommended tax reduc-
tions, essential if private capital is to
take the initiative after the war, will be
made by the President and Congress
chosen in November.
x*
OF course, to recommend is one thing,
but to secure adoption of the recon-
mendations is quite another. A num-
ber of clear-cut recommendations have
been made in this report, but they have
no force without executive orders and
specific legislation. Mr. Baruch cannot
supply either of these. Mr.. Byrnes, head
of the WMB, has authority to issue ex-
ecutive orders and implement certain Of
the reports provisions, which, undoubt-
edly, he will do. But that is not enough.
To make the Baruch- Hancock plan
reality-to give their recommendations
life and effect, the wholehearted support
of the President is needed.
On Friday he said he had not yet
read 1t. He ought not to lose any more
tlme. Until ne lets 1t be known that
1t has his active and aggressive ap-
proval it will not amount to much Mere
passive acquiescence in Mr.. Byrnes'
motions will be Intellectual Indifference
will kill it, which would be a calamity.
Here are recommendations upon prob
lens of the highest Importance affecting
all the people. made, after months Of
hard work, by the two best equipped
men in the country, and so far there
has come from the President nothing
but a perfunctory statement as his
secretary handed 1t out
There are some who think this Is not
very smart in Mr.. Roosevelt. 1t Is
pointed out that this report presents
him with postwar program that could
hardly be bettered. 1t easily might be
used as his platform on domestic issues
in the coming campaign. 1t might elect
him-though, of course, that was not
the intention
Evening star., 1944-02-21

devotion of our transport pilots enabled
that isolated position to be held. After
a period of grim uncertainty, we began
to get little relief from the operations
in New Guinea, several hundred miles
to the westward. We were beginning to
broaden our front and divide the at
tention of the enemy.
Thereafter we made progress; pain
fully slow progress at first, but each
step following little closer in point
OF time after its predecessor. We pushed
the enemy out of Eastern New Guinea
altogether; we reconquered the Huon
Peninsula; we advanced to offshore is
lands; we landed on New Britain, and
now we virtually have isolated the
enemy bases Of Kavieng and Rabaul
by cutting their communications. The
enemy is now on narrow front, at
the end of long line Of communica-
tions; we are on broad front.
In the Solomons, likewise, We I'D.
vanced to New Georgia, 10 vella La
Evening star., 1944-02-21
Crisis in ItuIy~

Last weeks lighting in Italy. un-
precedented in intensity on both
the Casino and Anzio fronts, re-
veals the growing Importance Of
what had come to be regarded by
many observers as minor cam
paign. Reserve troop formations
and equipment are being sucked into
the vortex, alike by the Allies and
the Germans. Battles so sustained
and so furious cannot be fought
without lavish expenditures of mu-
nitions and men. This naturally
raises the question why the opposing
high commands are willing to pay
the necessary price.
In the last analysis. the stakes
involved seem to be more political
and psychological than strategic in
character. It is generally agreed
by military analysts that even a
crushing Allied victory in Italy could
not thereby win the war, since the
almost impregnable barrier of the
Alps would still lie between the VIC
tors and the Germanic heart of Gen.
trail Europe. On the other hand, a
liquidation of the Anzio beachhead
and the rout of the Allied armies
in Southern Italy would merely re-
store the military situation which
prevailed before we started our in
vasion of the peninsula last sum-
mer. The Allies would still COM
mand the Mediterranean Sea and
could launch fresh attacks elsewhere
from their unassailable bases in
North Africa and Sicily.
However, the psychological and
political effects of a major victory
by either side in Italy would be pro-
found and far-reaching. A German
defeat would first of all involve
their abandonment of Rome, with
all that this would imply alike in
a political and religious sense. A
pro-Allied Italian regime established
in the capital would have a sane
ton for all Italians which the pres
ent Badoglio government provision
ally set up in the distant south does
not possess. Beyond the confines
OF the peninsula, a German retreat
toward the Po and the Alps would
shake to its foundations the waver-
ing allegiance of Germany's war;
weary satellites. further depress
German morale. and hearten sub
ject peoples with the knowledge that
a preview of the expected invasion
Of Western Europe had brilliantly
succeeded.
On the contrary, German sue
cesses in Italy would indicate such
persistent strength and ability on
the part of the Wehrmacht and it's
leadership as to discourage satellite
defections, dishearten underground
patriots in occupied countries, and
throw doubt on the prospects of
the anticipated second front" Even
the maintenance of the present
stalemate is probably we'll worth
the sacrifices the German high COM
mand is making.
These appear to be the basic rea-
sons why the struggle for Central
Italy Is mounting in fury, and why
continuance of the gruelling pace
may be looked for.
Evening star., 1944-02-21

is the idea that Communism in Europe
can be averted by adept maneuvers." :"
Adept maneuvers would replace Fascist
governments with pro-Anglo-A American
royalist governments of 18th century
lineage. welded by 10Th century eco
nomic ideas. That would mean taking a
step back from Fascism instead of step
forward from it. It was from the COL
lapse of the 10th century economics
that Fascism arose.
There are signs that in Western
Europe the Anglo-American powers
hope to make Metternich- Holy AL
lance peace.
But such maneuvers fail to face real
ity. FaSciSm and Communism are at
Evening star., 1944-02-21
Maj. George Fielding Eliot

vella, to Bougainville. and now to the
Green Islands. The two fronts become
one. The position of the enemy in New
Britain has changed from that of a
central base supported by fn arc of
outposts to that of desperately resist
ing pin point against which we can
concentrate powerful attacks from sew
eral directions.
Expand this picture a little and con-
slider how the same principles apply to
the Central Pacific. When we went
into the Gilbert Islands we were at
tacking broad enemy front. We went
forward and took Tarawa and Maxim
We were dangerously isolated and far
advanced, except that the enemy did
not have enough air power and sea
power to hit back at us. He had wasted
too much of that strength in the South
and Southwest Pacific. We immedi-
ately proceeded to expand and widen
our front in the Central Pacific by our
advance to Kwajalein Still the enemy
proved unable to counterattack.
He had two approaches to the Mar
shalls. One, directly from Japan, came
by way OF the Bonins, Marcus and Wake
Islands to Eniwetok. The other came
from Truk by way of Ponape and Kusaie.
The front Wake-Eniwetok- Kusaie
was dangerous to us as long as the
Japanese had any chance of develop
ing a strong counterattack from it..
Admiral Nimitz-whose name certainly
is going to become synonym for bold
ness in strategical concept-did not
await the Japanese attack. He took
measures to anticipate it.
He flung his amphibious power upon
Eniwetok, thus striking at the center
OF the threatening Japanese front, and
at the same time he used his long-range
striking power-his carrier-based avia-
tton-to attack Truk itself.
Evening star., 1944-02-21
Letters to The Star
Pile of Stone Held Valueless
Against Soldiers Life
To the Editor Of The star:

To the Editor Of The Star:
Let us not get too sentimental over
sacred monuments" If we are to rely
upon our military information there
is the implication that the military au-
thorities have known for some time that
the Monte Casino Monastery has been
used by the enemy to kill our American
boys. AS one lad put 1t, as he watched
the bombers dropping their loads MY
buddy was killed on that damned hill"
I take second place to no one in ap-
probation of "the past" and the inspira-
ton that comes from these great build
ings such as st. Peters, Westminster
Abbey, Edinburgh Castle in Scotland, or
Gray Friars, so reminiscent of the past.
When it comes to weighing the value
of one mothers son, beloved and longed
for, against pile of stone. there would
seem to be no choice, and If there are
lot of white crosses in Italy which
would not be there had the authorities
been less sensitive about the "sanctity"
of the monastery, it is indeed to be
regretted. AS one Englishman recently
put it, Are those who are so insistent
on giving immunity to sacred shrine
that is being used as a fortress willing
to offer their sons upon the altar of
st. Peters, for instance? And if not,
then they might show less enthusiasm
about offering mine"
Some time ago I came across, "a
Letter to My Son." that was found on
the body of soldier in India. The
mother gives many wise counsels in this
sort of farewell letter to her boy. Pre-
pare yourself" she says, now, not to
submit to mass hysteria on the laying
waste of the land and the destruction
of art, architecture, industrial wealth
and family homes. Civilization cannot
end. If the new generation have to
build new world, what then? It will
be spiritual adventure in the greatness
OF living" Yes, the world will seem a
lonely place to some Of us without these
beautiful monuments which have ac-
cumulated about them the story of our
past, but 1t may hearten us to remember
that not one Of these was in existence
thousand years ago, and that it has
fallen to the lot of those who have lived
since that time to know and experience
the creative joy of building these monu-
ments, and like heritage waits upon
the genius of our sons and daughters to
build a new world.
ALBERT JOSEPH MCCARTNEY,
Minister of the Covenant-First
Presbyterian Church.