Evening star., 1944-07-09


But actually the foundations are already
IN and part of the scaffolding is up.
1t can be said to have started at the
Atlantic charter meeting of President
Roosevelt and Prime Minister Churchill
In August, 1941.
England, then, had just weathered the
blitz. The United States was putting
full steam behind war production.
Russia was reeling under invasion.
Now, three years later, the United
States already is party to nine agree
ments to implement postwar policy.
The New World setup won't be the
tight marriage among states which
brought about the United States. 1t
probably will more resemble cousins with
several business concerns deciding on
an interlocking directorate to run them
SO they all show profit.
The nations already are agreeing on
how to meet special problems, such as
relief, trade, money. Two agreements
are signed by all of the A united and
associated nations. One is signed only
by the Big Four-the United States,
the United Kingdom, Russia and China.
History of Agreements.
Here they are in chronological order:
August IA, 1941, the Atlantic Charter
which said the United States and United
Kingdom would endeavor to bring
about access on equal terms to trade
and raw materials" for all nations: and
that they desire collaboration to secure
improved labor standards, economic
Advancement, and social security
January l. 1912, the declaration of
the United Nations, a mere wartime
agreement which tied IS nations to-
gether and pledged that none of them
would sign separate peace.
At that time many feared Russia
might step out of the war when she
reached her desired western borders.
leaving the United States and United
Kingdom alone to face Germany and
her satellites. That fear is gone now.
February %, 1942-Lease-lend, mu-
tual-aid agreement, signed first by
United States and United Kingdom, and
now extended by the United States to IS
throat-cutting principles for postwar
trade. Further, they seek to amelorate
restrictions on trade, such as tariffs in
an effort to maintain employment
May, 1943-The Food Conference at
Hot Springs Va, at which A nations
thrashed out the initial problems of
keeping every one fed The hope is to
stop wild variations in food prices and to
assist poorer nations to diversity food
production for more healthy diet.
Big Four Tied Closer.
November /, 1943-The Moscow pact,
tying the Big -Four even more closely
together for both war and peace. 1t
warned that Germans suspected of war
crimes would be sent back for trial to
the area involved: said the Big Four
would confer with the other United
Nations on regulation of ornaments,
and recognized the necessity of estab-
fishing at the earliest practicable date a
general international organization based
on the principle of the sovereign equality
of all ace-loving states"
November II to December /, 1943-
The United Nations Relief Conference
at which A nations set up UNRRA to
feed, house and doctor people in the war
zones after the Allied armies have
mopped up They agreed on purse of
about $4,000, 100000, each nation to con-
tribute per cent of its national income
1t relieved the United States and United
Kingdom OF carrying the burden alone,
as in North Africa and Italy It's not
strictly charity. The quicker Europe
and Asia are rehabilitated the sooner
will come the brisk buying and selling
needed to insure both full employment
and the economic advancement prom
ised in the charter
November 22-26, 1943-The Cairo
Conference of Roosevelt. Churchill and
Chang Kai-shek. Mainly war con-
ference, which, however, implied con-
tinued cooperation in divorcing Japan
from all territory grabbed since 1914.
November % to December l, l943; the
Teheran talks of Roosevelt. Churchill,
and Stain, largely devoted to war. but
also pointing toward some world organ
ization by agreement Ito seek the CO.
operation of all nations whose peoples
In heart and mind are dedicated to the
elimination of tyranny and slavery, op-
preston and intolerance"
Monetary Conference Meets.
April, 1914; the international labor
conference at Philadelphia, with dele
gates from 43 nations who wrote labor
charter for the world, for presentation to
their governments, agreeing that all
must furnish jobs, wages adequate to de-
cent living, and security against unem-
ployment. sickness and death.
July /, 1914; the United Nations mon
etary conference at Breton Woods N.
H., to discuss actual machinery for
world trade
There are also several regional plans
under way.
/. The inter-American commissions
met In New York in May to lay plans for
brisk trade between North and South
America
2. Belgium, the Netherlands and Lux
embourg have worked out agreements
which could spread to all Europe. They
plan to hold their currencies at constant
exchange rates, to wipe out tariffs and
equalize import duties.
3. Australia and New Zealand have
agreed to be partners for defense, for
control Of aviation, and for participation
in any final Pacific agreement.
4. There are a dozen or so plans to
Federste Europe. The most advanced
would federate Central Europe. from