davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Mississippi enterprise. (Jackson, Miss.) 1938-current, 1944-03-04

Doris Barnes seems 10 be beating
Jean a. Ford's time with Joseph
Alfred.
Ruth Eva Watson seems to be
singing Lets build stairway I'd
the stars to Frank Wilkes. Well
what do you think of that Ievern
Adams?
Hey! Nettie Ruth Smith what's
the matter? Your pal Jean A. Ford
is taking your boyfriend, Sarl Cot
ton. You and Dolores Patterson
had better watch out and try to
get hipped
Senior Glass News
Pfc. Oscar Lee our ex-class mate
was a visitor in our school Friday
He is stationed at Camp Sebert
Alabama.
S/Sgt Henry Cooper and Sgt
Willie Singleton were also visitors
in our schol last week.
The Mississippi enterprise. (Jackson, Miss.) 1938-current, 1944-03-04
Warn, Springs
News
Mrs. velma Coleman, Reporter

Mrs. Velma Coleman, Reporter
We, the teachers of the Warm
Springs School are Prompt and
Punctuar' in all that we do. Al
ter being notified by our beloved
County Agent, Mr. Chas. Dodds,
concerning the Red Cross War
Fund Campaign and about the
quota that was expected of the
Warm Springs Community, we
readily took step.
We appointed group of boys
The Mississippi enterprise. (Jackson, Miss.) 1938-current, 1944-03-04

me- Tommie Lee and Mallaliew
were on some time. Clara Bell re-
ally has the best go with Harell
Brown.
Evening star., 1944-12-31

w or is rot
their mokine,
but theirs is the
suffering. A
group Of Polish
orphons Drift
owoy into sweet
81 ep in h e
bunkroom OF the
transport, while
its thro b bin9
rop ors
spreod miles be-
tween them ond
the horrors OF
two long yeors.
Coast Guard an,l
Vide World Photos
Evening star., 1944-12-31

Two Polish refugee children.
oI'neine to their few posses
s'ons, wropped in bundles and
oorried in q tin poll, cIomber
up the gonewoy to boord q
Coost Guord tronsport which
will cory them from Bomboy.
ladio. for from the don9ers Of
wor, to o new Iond OF sofeN.
Their smiles reveal their thrill
in the long ooeon voyoqe.
Evening star., 1944-09-24

"asylums" charged a fee for viewing
the insane"
The mahogany writing desk on which
Miss Dix wrote the bill creating the
hospital now stands in the office Of the
hospitals board of visitors. Shortly
after passage of the bill, DR.. Charles H.
Nichols Of Maine was chosen superin-
tendent. DR.. Nichols, elected on Miss
Dix's Recommendation, superintended
erection Of the hrst structure, now
the Center Building" This build
ing was constructed Of 100000 bricks
made right on the grounds.
The hospital was opened in 1855 and
was known as the Government Hos
pital for the Insane" During the Civil
War more than 800 wounded soldiers
were cared for there. Objecting to the
official name, they referred to the hos
pital as st. Elizabeth's because the
tract on which 1t was located had been
called "St Elizabeth's tract" from the
original grant made in 1728 to John
Of Hungary. patron saint Of lepers and
the insane" But the name Govern
ment Hospital for the Insane" re-
mained official until 1916.
In the years since its founding. ST.
Enzabeth's has received patients from
four wars The first building still
stands, and the traditions Of the hos
pital are very much alive.
You won't find a member Of the staff
Evening star., 1944-09-24

or operating personnel. for instance,
who favors the recent proposal in Con-
gress to change the name of Nichols
avenue. which runs through the grounds
and which was named for the first
superintendent.
Changes in Practice
st. Elizabeth's has seen great changes
in psychiatric practice. Even at the
beginning OF the present century, most
mental institutions were places which
mainly existed to keep persons in Gus
tody. Around that time. Kraepelin, 8
German psychiatrist who died only
few years ago, proposed that mental
diseases be classified differently. With
his emphasis on the importance of the
patients life history and the need
for considering physical, social and emo
tional factors as cause Of mental dis
order, he led in the change toward
today's attitude that mental institu-
Evening star., 1944-09-24

ton shall be a place for active treat
ment.
Today "ayslums" are things of the
past. An institution for the mentally
i'll is no longer a place Of refuge. 1t is
q hospital in which people may be cured.
In the last IS years st. Elizabeth's
has contributed greatly to advances III
psychiatric thinking, which recognizes
that mental disease doesn't just hap
pen but Is caused
Today there are over 500 mental in
stitutions In the United States, with
more than half million patients. The
cost of operating the approximately IT'S
State hospitals alone exceeds 100000
900. Over half the hospital beds in the
entire country are in mental hospitals.
Psychiatric Advances
Since the war, psychiatry has been
of increasing interest to the public. In
view of the number of neuropsychiatric
discharges from the services and rejec-
ton Of selectees on neuropsychiatric
grounds, there has been a. wide miscon-
ception on the part of some persons
as to the real significance Of such dis
charges or reflections, DR.. Overholser
points out.
Anybody may develop a neurosis or
q psychosis," he said. "Nobody's i'm
Evening star., 1944-09-24

to haul COAL 1t has a dairy, piggery
and two farms. In its poWerhouse, the
hospital produces its own electricity
and steam power. The hospital manu-
factures shoes and mattresses, and op-
crates an ice plant. It's own conStruc-
roads within the grounds.
More Than a Hospital
You get an idea how much more than
hospital St. Elizabeth's is when you
glance at a few statistics about its op-
erations. For the fiscal year ending
June 80, its farms produced $4,000
pounds of pork, 5000 chickens, 252 900
eggs, $500 bushels of tomatoes, $500
bushels Of Swiss chard, 374 tons of
ensilage.
It's own ice cream plant froze $4,000
gallons of ice cream in the same year.
Its shoe shop. with only one employc
and 30 male patients. manufactured
$3.50 pairs Of mems shoes, 400 pairs
of women's shoes and, in addition, re-
paired 4,400 pairs. One of its shops
turned out 2,503 mattresses Exactly
1928 loaves of bread, 4,579,085 rolls
and 10,930 pounds of pastry were made
in its bakery during the year.
If your eyes aren't wide open by now,
consider this: st. Elizabeth's laundry,
employing so persons in addition to $50
patients, handled 13639,313 pieces of
laundry last year. The power plant
produced 1884, 100 kilowatt hours Of
Evening star., 1944-09-24

hospital staff of 81 doctors and nearly
800 nurses, and on the maintenance and
management personnel of approximately
675 persons.
The number of admissions has been
rising steadily since the beginning OF
the war. A total Of 1859 persons were
admitted this year in contrast to 1902
in 1910. At the same time that admis-
sions have risen, the armed forces have
imposed sharply increased demands on
the psychiatric staff. At present %
doctors from st. Elizabeth's are on mill
tary leave. Further adding to the
burden is the fact that number of
staff physicians have had to serve as
psychiatric consultants to the Army In
duction Board at Fort Myer, Va.
Shortage Of personnel has been re-
lieved to some extent by approximate
ly so male hospital corpsmen and 10
WAVE corpsmen stationed by the Navy
to assist in the care Of naval patients
An additional so naval corpsmen remain
at the hospital for four months and are
replaced by succeeding groups of 60
under rotating plan of training.
Training Glasses
The hospitals educational program
also has been steadily increased. One
hundred and fifty nurses at present are
in training under the Cadet Nurse
Corps program. Added to these are
A nurse "afnliates" from other hos
pitals who receive part Of their training
there, and 10 Navy nurses. now taking
postgraduate study in psychiatric nurs-
ing. Twelve graduates OF medical
schools are interning in the hospital
and the staff includes six residents. ST.
Elizabeth's is the only mental hospital
Evening star., 1944-09-24

Potomac opposite Alexandria. This
farm, known as Godding Croft, was
named for DR.. William w. Godding, ST.
perintendent from 1877 until 1899.
Recreational Facilities
Indicative of the modern viewpoint in
psychiatric institutions today are the
beauty parlors which help keep morale
of women patients high. For recreation
there are movies, dances. games and
other entertainment under the direction
Of the Red Cross.
The patients library has 10000 books
and circulation Of 5000 a month.
Twelve daily newspapers, and 40 maga-
zines are available in the library. In
addition, there is q weekly circulation
of 5000 magazines. Mrs. Roscoe Aul,
librarian. says the patients lean to
non-fiction," and their reading prefer
ences have been discovered to be lust
about the same as the patrons of any
public library" The st. Elizabeths
medical library has nearly $4,000
volumes.
War Imposes Heavy Load
In the hospital buildings are nearly a
score of occupational therapy rooms
where patients may paint, work at
basketry, weaving, cabinet work, needle
work, metal artS and toy making. Five
gymnasiums also are a part of the
equipment.
War has imposed heavy load on the
Evening star., 1944-09-24

mune. It's partly question Of the re-
silence Of the individual and equally as
important is the amount, the duration
and the intensity of the stress to which
he is exposed In other words, every
body has breaking point"
He continued:
Some persons look on a mental pa
tient or serviceman who has developed
mental difficulties as almost belonging
to a different order of creation.
"As a matter of fact, he's not 80 dif-
ferent from themselves as they think.
and probably Is just about the same.
Perhaps the person who passes that
mistaken Judgment would be in the
same position if exposed to the same
circumstances My advice to every one
who may feel superior to, or different
from any one who has had mental Diff
culties, would be: Remember john
Wesley, who said, as he saw the man
being led to the gallows, there, but
for the Grace of God, go IT,"
The Postwar Picture
DR.. Overholser said there has been no
indication that war jitters" or other
war stresses have substantially in
creased the rate or number Of civilian
admissions to mental hospitals. AS far
as the future goes, he expects that in
the period of readjustment after the
war, there will be lot Of churning
about. lot of floundering and lot Of
boat-rocking," and that the divorce
rate may go up-but he says he's not
pessimistic about the long-range prob
lens in the field of mental illness which
may result from the war.
A much more serious influence for
the future is the changing composition
of the population, he said.
. The big problem for psychiatry," he
said, will be created not by the effects
of the war, but by the changing age
distribution Of the population, in which
the proportion of old people is showing
a substantial increase. and by the fact
that aging persons are much more
likely to develop mental disorder than
young people AS your arteries get stiff,
You. likewise. have less residence and
more difficulty to make psychological
adjustment"
Advice on Returning Servicemen
DR.. Overholser's advice to every one
is to use ordinary humanity intelli-
gence and common sense" in their re-
lations with servicemen who have been
discharged after treatment at q mental
hospital
"The important thing is to try "a
understand them, but not to slobbeI
over them" he said. They want Ia
feel they're wanted-that they're . part
of the group-but they don't want pity.
There is nothing foreign about them,
and treating them as If they were infra.
human can only be a reflection on tho
persons guilty of such an attitude"
What everybody must do is shake
of some Of these outworn. antiquated
ideas about mental illness. Many Of
those ideas have their roots in the
Middle Ages, and there's no excuse
for any one to hold onto them. We need
a wider recognition of the fact that
persons who suffer mental illness not
only are sick, but that they can be
helped. and that it is no disgrace to be
sick that way That goes for the vet
eran and civilian both"
Evening star., 1944-09-24

st. Elisabeth's even has its
o,Dn railroad 1oith a mile long
track oUer Which this loco
motive has kept busy for 81
gears hauling fuel to the hos
pitaPs po1Oer plant.
Star Stan Photo.
in the country approved by the Ameri-
can Medical Association for interneship.
This is due to the exceptionally broad
medical and surgical departments $50
bed hospital within the mental hos
pital.
In virtually every battle area through
out the world. psychiatrists trained at
st. Elizabeth's are on hand to give i'm
mediate psychiatric treatment to Amer
ican soldiers, sailors, marines and coast
guardsmen. One member of the staff
on leave in the armed forces, 1t. Ernst
Gutenberg, has been reported missing.
Besides the % staff members on mill
tary leave, approximately IS former
members of the staff are in the serv-
ices. During three years Of war, 81
Navy doctors have received psychiatric
training there, and these, too, are
fighting mental ills which 60 hand-in-
hand with war. The fact that st.
Elizabeth's was among the vanguard
of mental hospitals having q compare
lively large percentage Of women stan
members-there are eight women doc
tors-has served to cushion to some ex-
tent the effect Of service demands on
the staff.
Hospital Voted in 1852
st. Elizabeths was created by Con-
gress in 1852. The real inspiration
for its establishment came from Doro-
thea Lynde Dix, New England spin
ster whose career, after i'll health had
retired her from teaching, made her
name immortal in American medical
history. Almost single-handed, Miss
Evening star., 1944-09-24

over the world as right in the forefront
of psychiatric progress, is city in min
iature. 1t has its own police depart
ment, fire department, general hospital,
two chapels two cemeteries. machine
shop, carpenter shop, bakery, beauty
parlors, barbershops, two libraries and
a Red Cross center.
1t has its own railroad with a mile
of track, plus a small steam locomotive
Evening star., 1944-09-24

electricity and .55o,943,Ooo pounds Of
steam and pumped 65s,s440 900 gallons
Of water. The refrigeration plant man.
ufactured 1926, 900 pounds Of ice. The
sewing and mending rooms fashioned
6888 aprons and repaired 1852 blank
cts and 25,000 pillow cases.
Part of the st. Elizabeth's farm acre
age is located on the hospital grounds
In addition, 1t has 400 acres along the
Evening star., 1944-09-24

Dix brought about the founding or
enlargement Of more than 80 public
mental hospitals in this country, Can
ada and Great Britain. In the early
1840s, when Miss Dix launched her
campaign, only South Carolina, Massa-
chusetts, New York and Virginia had
public mental hospitals. At this time.
mentally-ill patients often were chained.
and, only a score Of years before, some
The Nome nugget., 1944-04-03
MAUNDY THURSDAY

Tell them you saw 1t in The Nugget.
The Nome nugget., 1944-04-03
AMERICANS
 EXPAND THEIR BEACHHEAD

ALLIED HEADQUARTERS IN THE SOUTHWEST PACIFIC. Apr 3.-American forces expand ed their beachhead perimeter at Empress of Augusta Bay on Bou- gainville Island in the Solomons, General Macarthur announced
 On New Guinea, the main Amer ican forces were moving on Me dang, the key Japanese base, and are within 13 miles of Zogadjim, 20 miles south of Medang.
 American bombers were still seeking 10 pulverize HAbaul, New Britain, in a new attack, dropping 200 tons of bombs on the air. dromes and shipping, damaging two small merchantmen. Also two were sunk.
 Woleai Island in the Caroltnes was also bombed.
 The enlargement of the Bou- gainville perimeter followed many Japanese attempts to break the American lines, with an estimated 5000 of the Nipponese soldiers dead.
 Details of the Truk raid last Wednesday disclosed that 20 American airmen were killed and 10 wounded.
 Thirtyone enemy planes were destroyed
The Nome nugget., 1944-04-03
SMASH ATTACK OF GERMAN INFANTRY

ALLIED HEADQUARTERS IN NAPLES, Apr. 3.-(AP)-Allied troops smashed an attack of Ger man flame-throwers on the les~ flank of the beachhead below Rome. The flame -throwers spear headed an attack of about 150 German infantry against the beachhead which began an hour before dusk Friday, after heavy mortar barrage was launched in the same vicinity
 Yesterday the Germans were forced to a slight withdrawal against allied positions, about a half-mile southwest of Carroceto, 2l miles below Rome.
 On the Fifth Army front in cen tral Italy, near Casino, the allies have occupied another peak in the center of the line.
The Nome nugget., 1944-04-03
KING FUNERAL TO BE HELD IN SEATTLE

Word has been received from M. J. Walsh, in Seattle, regard ing arrangements of the funeral and burial of his daughter, Mary King, who died a few days ago while enroute to Alaska to be with her family and friends. The funeral will be held from the Sc attle cathedral, Wednesday, and the burial will take place in the Calvary cemetery
 All of the Walsh family will be present for the funeral, nearly all of them arriving in Seattle, yes terday.
 Pierce is expected to arrive to- day, and James is enroute from Florida.
The Nome nugget., 1944-04-03
OTHER FORCES CROSS PRUT
 RIVER TODAY

LONDON. Apr 3.-(AP)-Red army troops, after having slashed across the Prut river n the first invasion of Axis soil, are reported to be driving across eastern Ro- mania toward the Danube river delta and the Carpathian noun tainS.
 Moscow announced that other Russian forces struck within Is miles of the Black Sea port of Odessa, the last Nazi-held port in the Ukraine.
 Foreign Commisar Molotov, in announcing the invasion of Ro- mania, said it was dictated by military necessity and did not aim at siezing "any part of Roman ian territory"
 The statement was warmly wei COtIleO m BTlIlSl ClrCleS.
 The Russian communique fail ed to identify the exact location of the several announced cross ings of the Prut river, but Der lin said the main Soviet drive in Romania was in the Iasi sector. less than 200 miles northeast of Bucharest and the Ploesti oil fields.
 The communique further stated, "All Romanian armies have join ed the battle against the Russians, and martial law has been pro- claimed in Bucharest.
 Moscow dispatches said that Iasi was the apparent immediate objective of KoneV's Second Uk~ rainian army, and is 10 miles west of the Prut rive~.
 Iasi is an important key Roman ian railway center, where lines branch southwestward to Buch- arrest, and northWestWard to cap tured Czernowitz, 115 miles away, and Gertsa, 20 miles to the south east
 CzernoWitz is on the north Ro- manian border and was taken by troops of Zhukov's First Ukrain- ian Army yesterday.
 Moscow said it is believed like ly that the Soviet spearheads have crossed into Romania at this point.
The Nome nugget., 1944-04-03
RED ARMY WEARS ODESSA
RESUME SERVICE
 ON NIGHT LETTERS

It. Stanley R. Morgan, officer in charge of the local ACS sta tion, reports that night letter ser vice, which had been suspended because of the increased use of the Alaska Communication Ser vice by the War Department has been resumed, since March 20th, and that since April lst the tax on messages has increased to 25 percent.
 The night letter rate for 50 words will be the same as that for the l0-word fast day message, and is of such a nature that it cannot be delivered until the following calendar day regardless of the time of day the message is filed.
 Another feature of the night letter is that the message may be placed in the mails by the receiv- ing office in instances where the addressee lives outside of the town wherein the receiving office is located.
The Nome nugget., 1944-04-03
INJUNCTION
 FORIDDINC> GRANTED

SEATTLE, Apr. 3-tAP>-An injunction prohibiting the Arctic Circle Exploration Co. Inc. from paying certain wages to workers at its placer mine near Candle about 150 miles northeast of Nome, and which the United States Department of Labor con tended were in violation of fair la Dor standards, has been granted by United States District Judge Lloyd Black.
 Judge Black at the same time turned down the Department of Labor's petition for similar in- junction against the Alaska Pa cific Consolidated Mining Com pany, which operates a gold mine about 75 miles from Anchorage.
 Black stated: "That while the Arctic Circle company was paying good wages, the manner in which they were paid violated the law, since it had established both base and overtime rates on it's books, it paid its employees a bonus which brought the pay up to over time, because employees received the same wages whether or not they worked overtime.
 The so-called overtime rate was actually regular rate, the court ruled.
The Nome nugget., 1944-04-03
NAVAL PLANES SCORE HITS
 ON GERMANY

 LONDON, Apr. 3.-(AP>-Brit- ish naval planes scored several bomb hits on Germans most pow erful battleship, the 35,000-ton Tirpitz.
 The Admiralty said the Tirpitz had been skulk;ng in Norway's Alten Fjord, the same spot where it was torpedoed by royal navy midget submarines last Septem- Der.
 The Tirpitz is the last and big gest surviving unit of Hitler's vanquished fleet.
 The attack was presumably car ried out by carrier-based planes of the fleet air arm, according to the Admiralty's announcement of the multiple hits which indicated heavy attack.
 According to latest reports the Tirpitz had been able only to make temporary repairs from the dam age inflicted by the midget sub marines in their torpedo attack last September when they stole into the hideaway of the German ''battlewagon" and let her have it. The communique gave no fur ther details of the plane attack.
The Nome nugget., 1944-04-03
AUTHORITIES ENFORCE
 EVACUATION

JUAN BATOR, Capital of Mon golian Peoples Republic, Apr. 3. --UP)-A dispatch from here said: Quoting well-infermed sources, saying that Sinkiang au- thorities began a forced evacua- ton of a great number of Ka- zakhs from Altai Mountain dis trict to southern districts in Sin kiang, toward the end of last year. Many families did not wish to move and fled to the Mongolian Peoples Republic to hide.
 The dispatch said in addition, Chinese troops then. began chas- ing them nd Chinese planes vio- lated the border, bombing towns and villages, but the dispatch gave no explanation why Sinkiang authorities were seeking forcibly te evacuate Kazahs from Sin kiang.
 Sinkiang is China's northwest ean province which parallels the Soviet Union border from the high Pamir's in India, on the south, to the Altai Mountains and the Mongolian borderen the north.
The Nome nugget., 1944-04-03
LAPS FILTER THROUGH INDIA JUNGLE AREA

NEW DELHI. India, Apr. B. tAP)-Japanese patrols were fil- terifae through the jungles in east ern India onto the plains of Mani pur, and have cut the roads around Imphal, the Manipur cap ital.
 The offensive is obviously aim ed at .Dimapur on the Assam Burma railway, which is the life line of General Stillwell's forces.
 The question asked is whether airborne supplies might be drop ped to the Imphal garrison and was answered here by the gen. erals statement that Tt will not be necessary, as the crisis will be overcome before such action is needed"
 Dimapur is A miles across the hills of the Naza headhunters, from Khima, 60 miles north of Imphal.
 Fierce fighting is going on in the wild hill country east of Khi- ma, and allied troops repulsed the determined Japanese drive to reach the Tiddim road below Im- phal to the south, it was announc- ed by allied headquarters.
 Another Japanese column, thrusting toward Imphal from the Chidwin river area was stop ped by allied forces as it attempt ed to reach the Imphal plains from the rolling country of the Chin hills, the communique said.
 Enemy artillery continued to shell the Tamu-Palel road south west of Imphal.
 Glider-borne allied commandos cut all north and south commun- ication arteries to Myitkyina. the Japanese base in northern Bur ma and smashed enemy efforts to crash an air strip far behind the Japanese lines, front line dis patches reported.
 The commandos are now hold ing a considerable portion of the railroad from Myitkyina to Ka- tha. which is more than 100 miles to the south.
The Nome nugget., 1944-04-03
TWO ST. LAWRENCE MEK
 AWAIT TRANSFORMATION

Louis Imminjan and Clarence Irrigo plan to leave for the island with the first available transpor- tation. They have been in Nome for several days purchasing sup plies. They report that the wea- ther has been too stormy this winter and there has been very few seal and walrus, although fox have been fairly plentiful.