davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1944-05-26
FRIDAY, May rs, 1914
Source of the Inequities

1t is interesting to note briefly
the background of Senator Overton's
proposal that the Federal payment
of six million dollars in the District
bill just passed by the House be in
creased this year.
In 1889 Federal payment of five
million dollars represented 1929 per
cent of the general revenue appro-
priations mot including revenues
from gasoline and water taxes,
special funds, etc..
In 1910, after long struggle be-
tween House and Senate, the Fed
eral payment was increased to six
million dollars in bill appropriat-
ing $4l,826,216 from general rev.
enues-or 1425 per cent.
This year the million dollar
payment, in a bill appropriating
$6l,2s0,216 from general revenues,
amounts to less than 10 per cent.
In 1910 the Federal contribution of
six million dollars was compromise
figure. Neither Senator Overton,
who led the Senate fight for more,
nor anybody else, ever contended
that it was fair amount, or that it
was based on any tangible consid-
Grafton of what the National Gov
ernment actually should pay, in
relation to its obligations. 1t was
purely compromise.
But if the figure was fair in 1910,
it should be fair today. And if the
National Government met its 1910
share of the 1945 budget, it would be
paying nearly nine million instead
of the six million dollars it is propos-
ing to pay now.
Since 1910, the Districts popula-
ton has increased over "a per cent.
The cost of running the city has
increased (as measured by general
revenue appropriations some 46 per
per cent. The only decrease is in
the percentage of the Federal pay
ment. As Chairman Coffee and
Representative Stefan have pointed
out, there are special inequitieS
arising under the practice of fur
nishing free water to vastly grown
Federal establishment in Virginia,
in the division of cost of the Ma
tional Zoo, the. national parks, the
public schools. the Federal courts,
etc.
AS all of these inequities stem di-
rectly or indirectly from the made
quacies of the lump sum, Senator
Overton is recommending the best
method for their immediate correc-
ton.
Evening star., 1944-05-26

among other japanese" What will
become of these unfortunates after
the war?
And what is to be the destiny of
Japanese Americans who do "look
japanese" and undeniably are pos
sessed of japanese cultural traits?
Mr.. McWilliams concludes by de-
claring: ut is a healthy sign that
the japanese problem, which has
echoed on the West Coast for nearly
fifty years, now has ceased to be
local and has become national
problem related to the problem
of the other racial minorities. This
is important since it is evident that
we never shall solve any of these
problems until we have solved all of
them"
Evening star., 1944-05-26
On the Record
By Dorothy Thompson

dent suggested the creation of a ''free
state" Of Kiel under United Nations"
authority, internationalizing the Ger
man Kiel Canal connecting the Baltic
and North Seas, which is capable of
carrying capital ships.
For this he won an enthusiastic hand
shake from Stalin-but not from
Churchill.
In order to keep within the limits Of
the Atlantic Charter, Mr.. Roosevelt goes
back to the League of Nations mandate
theory, but wants to see it exercised as
"trusteeship" to prevent the manda-
tory powers from considering themselves
outright owners of ports, harbors, COL
onies and strategic islands. Apparently
. the former practice Of the powers to re-
gard mandates as their own territory is
to be restricted by flying United Ma
tions flag with their own. I confess to
skepticism regarding the effectiveness
of this.
The real situation seems to be: The
President wants an extension of Amer
lean power in the South Pacific and to
the western shores of Africa, in what
is now French territory-possibly in
Dakaf. NO rich territories but control
over large oceanic territories and air
bases for considerations of security will
thus be won.
Obviously the Russians are here dis
interested. The real trouble might arise
with the British. But 1t is already ap-
parent that they will be compensated
for a relative weakening of their posi-
ton in Asiatic waters by gains in Africa
at the expense OF italy, and by solidi-
hcatlon OF their position in the Near
East.
Russia wants a restoration, with a
few accommodations, of her empire of
1914.
This is power politics on a great
scale. One should not fear words: All
politics involve power. But this arrange
ment, though it might settle the affairs
OF the Big Three would not settle the
affairs of the globe
Released by the Bell Syndicate Inc
Evening star., 1944-05-26
Timely Warnings

1t may seem somewhat prema-
ture, when we are still building up
our military forces and when this
war is far from won. to be warning
of the danger of excessive disarma-
ment after peace comes. Yet the
warnings are being given, and by
men who know what they are talk
ing about.
One thing contributing to the con-
Germ of these men is the proposals
which will be advanced in this elec-
tion year for a drastic reduction in
taxes when the war is over. 1t has
already been suggested by one in
fuential member of Congress that
Federal taxes can and should be re-
duced by so per cent after hostili-
ties end. Needless to say, we will
hear a great deal more of this sort
of talk. But all such proposals are
based on the assumption that we
can get along on a national budget
of around $4,000, 00,000-a figure
which is predicated on maintaining
the Army. and Navy at the prewar
level. We cannot go back to that
level, however, without reverting to
the state Of military unprepared-
ness which has always characterized
the United States in times of peace
and which has always resulted in
such shocking waste and needless
sacrifice when the country is forced
into war.
Representative Wadsworth of
New York, who has been leading
figure in the effort to overcome the
effects of peacetime neglect of our
Army and Navy, is one of those to
warn of the dangers that lie ahead.
When the war is over, he said. the
taxpayers, crying for some measure
of relief. may turn desperately to
find a place where big slashes can
be made. 1T is more than probable
that their attention will be riveted
upon the military services and that
the cry Will go up all over tne cOun-
try that there aren't going to be any
more wars, that we do not need
more than fiimsy skeleton of a
national defense structure. That's
what happened in 1920 That is
what happened after every war in
which we have been engaged" :"
Speaking in similar vein, Secretary
Of the Navy Forrestal declared last
Monday: Regardless of how many
practical systems will be created
and striven for to provide interna-
tional security, remember that the
foundation and keystone of it's arch
will be, as 1t always has been, the
armed power of this Nation 1" " y"
These men, unfortunately, are
Evening star., 1944-05-26

Many will have read with interest
Forrest Davis reports in the Saturday
Evening Post on what happened in
Teheran.
The propriety Of making official rev.
elations through privileged articles Is
dubious. The administration has done
1t time and again-in the Darlan affair,
as revealed by Demaree Bess; In our
Governments plan for defeated Ger
many (and italy,, as revealed by Kings
bury Smith; in the White Paper on the
prelude to the war, as revealed by
Joseph Alsop and Robert Kintrer.
1t is a way of making official revela-
tioils without official responsibility for
accuracy It privileges certain journal
lists at the expense of others. And 1t
permits coloration of the facts.
Having said this, we must nevertheless
study Mr.. Davis account of what hap
pened at Teheran. as most important
document. 1t reveals some encorrag-
ing things about our foreign policy
and others not so encouraging. The
agreement between the United States;
Britaine and Russia rests on.a realistic
recognition of the disaster that would
follow q disruption Of relations in the
peace TO come
So & s4as
Those who think of President Roose-
velt as crusader and general do-gooder
to the world will get small support for
their theory from Mr.. Davis expose of
what his foreign policy really is. Mr.
Roosevelt is thinking in terms of power,
and he has no intention of liquidating
any power position that the United
States can maintain.
In this he realistically accepts that
the power Of the United States cannot
widen unless the two partners can in
crease theirs. The chief problem is how
each of the three can increase its own
power without getting into trouble with
the others. Britain and America, for in
stance, are prudently concerned with
limiting Russian power in Europe On
the other hand, the United States at
least is willing to see the Soviets have
an access to the Atlantic, and the Presi-
Evening star., 1944-05-26
This Changing World
By yConsfantine Byo,On

The Polish and Yugoslav governments
in exile are fighting losing political
battle in London. After having been
lionized by the British and American
Governments in the early day of the
war when the Nazi crushed their in-pre-
pared military forces, they are now fac
ing, as governments, political extinction.
There are, Of course, high reasons Of
state why Prime Minister Churchill has
decided that the two governments in
exile no longer should have the support
of the Allies. The government of King
Peter ives the first to feel the impact
while the Polish government, headed
by Prime Minister Stanislaw Mikolaj-
czyk Is expecting the political ak to fall
on its head momentarily.
The Polish government is seriously
interfering with Moscow's postwar plans
regarding the east, while Peters gov
ernment, which is anxious to become
pro-Soviet, is in the way Of Marshal
Tito, an oficial Of the now dissolved
Third Internationale, who was spon-
sored by Moscow at time when the
Serbs appeared to oppose Russia's in
fluence in the Adriatic
American political observers who are
looking at these two governments from,
a purely detached point of view can
find nothing intrinsically wrong with
them. They may not keep pace with the
developments in their own countries
but we really do not know what the
developments may be. They are still
under the Nazi boot and, examining the
situation in Poland and Yugoslavia
without bias, the American observers
admit they do not know enough about
the changes of heart which may have
occurred in Poland since 1889 and in
Yugoslavia since 1941.
X *
If the United States Government
could express its opinion frankly and
without fear of further muddling the
already complex political situation in
Europe, particularly in regard to Russia,
it would advocate status quo as far as
Poland and Yugoslavia are concerned,
until such time as their people are again
free and able to express openly their
views regarding forms of governments
and rulers.
A tremendous wave of propaganda
has originated from the headquarters of
Marshal Tito via its wireless station In
Tiflis, the capital Of Georgia. This
propaganda has been given out to the
people Of the United States and Great
Britain by official information organiza-
tions of both governments. Prime Min
lister Churchill himself has described the
activities of Gen. Draja Mihailovich as
harmful to the Allies because he did
not fight while some Of his immediate
Evening star., 1944-05-26
Vital Work for Women
BY Maj. George Fieldins Eliot.

Ffelding Eliot.
either, though they have done better in
proportion to their needs, by a good deal.
than has the WAC. The total in the
tnree other services is just about equal
TO the WAC total, about 10000: which
makes grand total of 100000 American
women in the uniform of the armed
services OF the United States, two and
nall years after Pearl Harbor. or about
one-nal1 OF one per cent of the total
NUMBER OF American women between 20
ana 49, as against about II 900 900 men
IN uniform, or about 35 per cent of the
men between those ages (Shade this
little for the 100000 men of the
ages 18 and 49,
Actually, it doesn't appear that the
uniform has much to do with it. A more
important reason seems to be that the
women just don't think they're really
needed in the WAC They look on it as
just another sort of war work, something
else that women are doing, like working
for the Red Cross or the AWVS, or
spending their evenings in a canteen. I
would be the last to decry the value of
these and other forms of war activities
for women, but this business of the WAC
is vital
Every woman that joins the WAC
does in fact release a man for combat
service. Usually the man is released in
about 80 days after his female replace
ment reports for duty-that's an aver
age, it takes longer to fit the girls into
some jobs than it does. others There's
nothing glamorous about the WAC, it
is very practical, hard working outfit,
and it fills real need-or rather, it
tries to fill it with the pitifully small
number of volunteers that it can get
The real need is represented by the 60O,-
600 acquisitions.
Suppose we had that many volun-
teers? I can tell you from certain
knowledge that if we did, there would
be load of care lifted from the shoul-
ders of the officers responsible for the
direction of our military affairs. They
would know then where they are going
to find the requirements to fill the
ranks after the great battles that are
to come, the requirements that may
make all the difference between a sue
cess followed through and turned into
victory, and success begging down into
deadly stalemate because there isn't
enough drive behind it,
Copyright, 1914 New York Tribune.
Evening star., 1944-05-26
End of q Beuchheud

The junction effected between
Allied troops in the bitterly con-
tested Anzio beachhead and ad-
vancing Fifth Army units vindicates
the Judgment of the military COM
manders who ordered this landing
behind the German lines some four
months ago.
They have been anxious months,
for the commanders as we'll as for
the civilians at home. In the days
following the landing, our ability to
hold the beachhead position seemed
doubtful. But the Allied troops,
raked by enemy artillery fire and
punished by counterattacks that
threatened to push them into the
sea, proved worthy of the confidence
reposed in them. The beachhead,
a thorn in the German flank and
constant threat to the enemys
communications, remained as an
ever-present refutation of the Nazis'
boastfully asserted ability to deal
with water-borne attacks. Hitler's
supermen tried hard enough, but
they simply could not break the
Allied hold on Anzio.
1t is probably true that the land
ing was made in the hope of so
disorganizing the German forces
sixty-f1ve miles to the south that the
defenses of the Casino Line would
be abandoned. In this sense the
operation was a failure. But it is
equally probable that the operation
had minimum as we'll as maximum
objectives, and it can hardly be
doubted that the minimum objec-
tives were attained. Furthermore.
they were attained without the
naturalization of the disasters
which were so often foreseen by so
many critics of the undertaking.
Perhaps all of this proves nothing.
But the experience of Anzio may be
worth remembering when the in
vasion of Western Europe begins,
with the new and even greater
aaxieties that that operation will
bring.
Evening star., 1944-05-26


There doesn't seem to be any good
reason for the failure of American wom-
en- to keep the vitality important Wom-
ems Army Corps filled to it's full re-
quirements, and if as mere man had
the courage of my convictions would
say that American womanhood ought
to be ashamed of itself While sheer
cowardice compels me to avoid the
domestic and social difficulties that
might ensue upon the publication of
such an opinion, let few facts speak
for themselves more eloquently and
valiantly than I can.
The present authorized establishment
of the Womers Army Corps is 10000.
This is far short Of the actual needs,
as shown by acquisitions for the serv-
ices of WAC'S from commanders at
home and abroad, which total about
100000. But the actual strength of the
WAC at this time is in the neighbor-
hood of 10000.
Yet there are in the United States,
according to the census of 1910, no less
than 29,917,867 women between the ages
of 20 and 40, which are the age limits
for the WAC. Just 2 per cent enlist
ment-tWo women out of every hun
dred within the age limits-would do
the job. Does that seem too much to
ask?
OF course, some of these women are
married and have children under IA,
which makes them ineligible. But, ac-
cordlng to the census of 1910 again, of
females over Is years of age in this
country 26.2 per cent were single, so
That II this percentage applies (on the
average to the age group under dis
cusslon, we still find about 1900 900
single women who could be WACS, phys
lcal condition permitting. Just an
Per cent enlistment among eligible sin
gle women would still do the lob; and
this is giving the ladies a break. be-
cause marriage is no bar to enlistment
IN the WAC providing there are no
children under IA, and certainly not
every married, divorced or widowed
woman by long shot is so blessed-or
encountered, according to your point of
view
There are various reasons given bv
those who have studied the problems as
to the reasons for this failure to join up
There are those who say the girls don't
like the WAC uniform, that they prefer
that of the WAVES, or the SPARS, or
the Women Marines. Well, there hasn't
exactly been rush to join those service
Evening star., 1944-05-26
The Condor Sleeps

The fire on the Andes dies, cold rose
gold fame OF snop
Expires n, sudden blue of tropic dusk
belo1o the range,
And as suddenly the clear white fire of
Campus burns to south,
Beyond the soft flare of the Cross.
beyond the years OF change.
SeaWard the dark Pacific 1Uind stirs
poinctdna leaues,
Blo1on from the southern nioht, ,parrn,
rich ,Dith oleander smell,
Whispers OF laced leapes mope through
crun,bling plaster arch,
Rustic OF leaues is carried on the
changeless long sea s,DeH.
So dies the day upon this hushed and
sudden signature,
So jail the hours eastward into an
other dream of time,
And high aboue the blue sno,os OF the
Cordilleras,
Aloot and quietly olittering, the con.
SteH1tfons climb.
FREDERICK EBRIGET.
Evening star., 1944-05-26

underlngS actually were cooperating
with the Nazis.
The picture of the two factions In
Yugoslavia Is extremely blurred so far
as the American public is concerned.
After having heard for Is months about
the prowess of Gen. Mihailovich's
Chetniks, we are now being told of the
remarkable achievements of Tito's
Partisans.
American and British military mis-
sions spent some time with Gen.
Mihailovich. The American officers
have been back in the United States
for about two months. Neither their re-
port nor extracts from it have been
made public, because Of reasons of
military security" But ofilcial per-
sons who had access to the report say
without giving any details, that the
American officers speak In the highest
terms of the Chetniks, who are doing
a good job in Serbia.
Newspapermen representing impor-
tant American agencies have en-
deavored for several months to obtain
an interview with Gen. Mihailovich,
but have not been able to obtain per-
mission from Gen. Sir Maitland Wilson,
Allied commander in chief In the Med
iterranean. Moreover, good many
facts showing Mihailovich as q thorn
In the side of the Nazis have been sup
pressed or distorted. For instance,
when the official Allied propaganda
services obtained German poster offer
ing 100000 marks (nominally $25,00)
for the heads of Tito and Mihailovich,
the part referring to the Chetnik leader
was suppressed although the offer re-
ferred to both men whose pictures were
printed on the same poster.
According to reports received from
London, young King Peter was not
persuaded but coerced into dismissing
his cabinet by the highest British
authorities, who referred to the Serbians
in April, 1941, as having found their
SOUP and praised them for their OAR
ing opposition Of the Axis.
But while governments in exile are
not as important as they believe them
selves to be, the important thing Is
that schism Is being prepared in
Yugoslavia where feeling between the
Croats and the Serbs has been running
high since the two Slav sections were
welded together after the World War.
There are more Serbs than Croats
and they are peasant folks who are
strongly individualistic. There is little
likelihood that they will submit to the
rule of predominantly Croatian gov
ernment even If their government in
London were to accept a fiat" from
those who have the power to force
Peter to align himself with Tito.
Evening star., 1944-05-26
Jupunese-Americuns Aooin

What has happened to the gener-
ality of Japanese-Americans since
Pearl Harbor? One answer to the
question thus expressed may be
found in pamphlet recently writ
ten by Carey McWilliams, sponsored
by the American Council of the
Institute of Pacific Relations and
published by the Public Affairs Com
mittee, Incorporated, New York City.
More than eight thousand Japa-
e-Americans, Mr.. McWilliams re-
ports, are in the Army Nineteen
thousand have fully demonstrated
their loyalty in normal homes and
jobs after leaving relocation centers.
Only small proportion of the
population of the concentration
settlements are known to be dis
loyal. The majority of the "evacuees"
have done "all in their power to
further the war effort" of the United
States. 1t is recorded that they have
bought War bonds, conducted drives
for the Red Cross, organized volun-
tary committees to work for victory,
made radio transcriptions for
the owl and commonly behaved
themselves constructively in the
emergency.
Mr.. McWilliams explains that two
out of three of the approximately
one hundred and ten thousand
persons of Japanese descent taken
into protective custody in the spring
of 1912 were American citizens by
birth. One third of the total were
aliens forbidden by law to be citizens.
But Mr.. McWilliams does not chal-
lenge the military necessity" for
the evacuation. THE risk" he says,
was serious" On the other hand, mo
Japanese Americans, either in Ha-
waii or on the mainland, have been
convicted of either sabotage or
espionage" 1t also is fair to re-
member that: There are individuals
in the centers who do not look Japa-
nese, do not speak or write japanese,
have never been to Japan, and who,
prior to relocation, never lived
Evening star., 1944-05-26

right. When this war is over there
will be terrific pressure to starve
our military services. There will be
the strongest temptation to place
premature reliance on treaties and
agreements, and those who protest
on the ground that we must look to
our own security will be shouted
down as war mongers and self-seek-
ers. That is what happened after
the last war, and it is well that we
should be reminded of it now-when
we are in the midst of paying the
terrible penalty which that mistake
has imposed on us in terms of hu-
man lives and wasted material re-
sources.