davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-05-08

The demands of combat and Of daily
consumption have been met, but they
have been met at the cost of reducing
the reserve supplies available for the
next emergency, and of course by grad
ual reduction in the scale of daily issues
all along the line-rations, gasoline and
OIL spare parts and the rest. Deteriora-
ton in morale, in the efficiency of main
tenance Gas to guns, machinery and
automotlve equipmenD and in general
lighting quality is the inevitable result.
Furthermore, the actual power of re-
siStance of the German forces is now
to be measured by the stores remaining
on hand in the army depots. Take the
matter of small arms ammunition.
American Army standards require that
each corps have within its organic sup
ply elements total of az days of fire in
small arms ammunition. GA day of
fire" Is a fixed standard of quantity
calculated on the basis of experience as
the average daily expenditure of anlmu-
milton in combat. 1t is not necessarily
the amount that the unit will require
under specially pressing conditions:
Thus, in the first day of fighting in a
major defensive operation, it is calcu-
lated that two days of fire" may be
expended)
Behind the corps, the army ammuni-
ton depots are functioning. The ideal
system is for these depotS to receive
from the lines of communication, and
forward directly to the fighting troops,
the amounts needed to replace each
days expenditure; but to meet emer-
gencies, it is considered proper for the
army ammunition depots to maintain
a reserve of two days of fire" con-
stantly on hand. This reserve is not
touched as long as the daily deliveries
come through on schedule. When the
lines of communication are subject to
interruption by enemy air action, or
otherwise. the reserves in the army
ammunition depots are increased in
order to take care Of anticipated or
possible needs.
Therefore the real question-as far
as small arms ammunition is con-
cerned-is to what extent the German
high command foresaw the present
conditions. and increased. while it had
the opportunity, the reserves of ammu-
milton In its army depots. If these
reserves have been absorbed. or are on
the point OF absorption. then the Ger
man troops In italy are dependent on
the daily deliveries, and these-under
existing conditions-are likely to prove
inadequate to meet suddenly increased
demand such as would be presented by
q major battle
tcopyrisht. 1914. New York Tribune. Ino)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-05-08
On the Record
By Dorothy THOMPSON

A few days ago Percy j. Clarey, presi-
dent Of the Australasian Council of
Trade Unions, declared at the meeting
OF the International Labor Organization
in Philadelphia, that Australia, with q
territory as large as the United States
and population Of 100000, would
find 1t difficult at all times to defend
herself unless she would reconsider after
the war ends, her policy Of strict i'm
migration control.
Mr.. Clarey Herewith unrolled one of
the great geo-political problems Of the.
world and one of the most pressing of
human postwar problems.
The British Commonwealth of sover-
eign nations containing Australia, New
Zealand, South Africa and Canada oc-
cupies $500, 900 square miles in climates
favorable for European settlement and
contains in all populations Of less than
100000. New Zealand, for instance,
climatically paradise, covering $4,000
square miles, as large as Kansas and
Indiana together, has a population of
only 100000, as contrasted with the
$3.50, 900 in these two American States.
The British Commonwealth apart
from the United Kingdom. is two and
half times the area of the United
States and has less than q fourth our
population.
Estimates as to how many people
these areas could absorb vary, but no
one doubts that they could support
many times the present inhabitants.
The relative feeling Of weakness of
the British, which repeatedly comes out
in speeches such as the recent one of
Gen. SHUTS, is founded on nothing but
lack Of population. In the English
speaking world there has been but one
United States, and that phenomenon
was created by generations Of open i'm
migration. Who doubts that that ex-
pertinent OF the 18th century can be
repeated, and under more favorable
circumstance on the basis of our expert
ence.
In this moment the discussion centers
around the European Jews. The War
Refugee Board, set up January 20, to
rescue these and others in imminent
danger of slaughter and to find Ravens,
permanent or temporary, for them some
where, is dealing with the problem.
Until the immigration quota OF $4,000,
still open for immigration into Pale
slime Is exhausted, they will be sent
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-05-08

there, and Turkish ship, the S. S. Tari,
will shortly sail from Constanta to
Turkey, carrying the first 1880. But
thereafter temporary Ravens must be
found elsewhere, and 1t has been sug-
gested that since all action depends on
United States leadership, we must also
furnish an example, and our author
tiles will be asked to open camps, So
called free ports, for their temporary
haven.
II these temporary Ravens for what
are. in fact, enforced migrations, are
simply internment camps, we will not be
on our way toward any solution of
the problem. But we could begin con-
structively to meet it. The Jewish
problem, though the most acute, is only
a small sector of the whole problem Of
mass migrations unexampled in CEN
turtles.
In the modern world all resettle-
ments involve a problem Of retraining.
New countries need people with a pio-
neering spirit and welcome in the first
line those willing and able to till the
soil. Old countries, on the other hand,
have surplus population in profess
sional and business occupations and
these are most inclined and encouraged
to .emigrate.
But the Palestinian experiment has
decisively proved that people who have
meyer been connected with the land, can
and will refrain themselves to carry on
high and successful agriculture, pro-
vided that that Is the way opportunity
and security lie, and provided colonial
ton Is based upon cooperative settle
mentS.
cannot see why temporary Ravens,
here and elsewhere, should not be used
Immediately for such retraining. It
ought to be possible to establish great
cooperative farms, for training and
practice in all the general and special
skills connected with agriculture, in
Guiding carpentering, painting, the me-
chanics necessary to maintain and re-
pair farm machinery as we'll as village
crafts. Opportunity ought to be opened
for the inhabitants Of such "havens"
to support themselves Individuals with
such training in pioneering pursuits and
crafts would find reader welcome in
underpopulated countries, and find it
easier to support themselves later in
dignity.
released by the Bell Syndicate. Incl
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-05-08
Radio on Railroads
The Baltimore and Ohio has

Inc balIlmore ana ONO mas I'M
dertaken a study that may herald a
new era in rail safety, in expert
menting with radio communication
between trains, stations and trains
and in yard operations. The tests
were undertaken with the Bendix
Aviation Corporation in connection
with a Federal Communications
Commission investigation into the
use OF radio on railroads that grew
out of recent accidents, and while
no drastic changes are expected at
present, railroad officials look for
ward to applying the knowledge
gained now, after the war.
The railroad accident rate in the
past few years of heavy traffic DEM
onstrates clearly the need for addi-
tional safeguards and anything
offering the possibility of improve
ment is to be desired. Time after
time collisions have occurred be-
cause stalled trains received tardy
or inadequate tagging protection,
and 1t is here that radio commune
cation could play an important part,
If a train halted Unexpectedly for
any reason was able to broadcast a
warning Immediately, and not be
forced to depend entirely on flag
man getting out quick enough to
avert disaster.
A case in point was the Atlantic
Coast Line wreck at Lumberton,
North Carolina, in December, when
a derailed train was struck by an
other that came along forty min
utes later, with the loss of seventy
two lives. While the Interstate
Commerce Commission blamed
faulty flag protection by the crew of
the first train for that accident and
doubted if a communications sys-
tenn would have made any differ
ence, it is more than likely that the
added safety factor would have
averted that tragedy.
While many factors contribute to
accidents, speed always is an i'm
portant consideration-and train
speed is steadily on the upgrade.
That fact will make it necessary for
railroads to intensity the safety work
they have carried out through the
years, and the radio experiments
consequently will be watched with
interest.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-05-08
The Blacklist

Inc inclusion OF 50 companies ana
individuals doing business in Fire
to the revised blacklist issued by the
State Department has attracted
special attention, because it is the
first time pro-Axis offenders in that
country have been included. How
ever, in the larger sense, this is
merely an incident in blacklisting
policy that is literally worldwide in
scope. That is shown by the fact that
this latest list contains names in
Iran, Iraq, Lichtenstein, Morocco,
Portugal. The Azores, Madeira, Mo-
zambique, Portuguese India, Spain,
Switzerland and Turkey, beside sew
eral Latin American republics. OBJ
viously, no nonbelligerent corner of
the globe is too remote to escape
the attention of our economic
sleuths on the trail Of corporations
and individual businessmen who
are aiding the Axis by their COM
mercial or financial activities.
The blacklist is not new weapon.
It was used effectively and widely
in World War L However, it appears
to have been intensified in some
respects. In the last war it was
usually restricted to those who were
enemy agents or specifically play
ing the enemy game. Today, bust
ness transactions of an otherwise
normal nature fall under the ban.
For instance, firms in Sweden and
Switzerland, doing customary bust
ness with the Reich which cannot
be interfered with by the Allied
blockade may be hidden to cease
those operations or find themselves
on the blacklist. Such pressure is
akin to that being employed against
neutral governments for the same
end. Traditional concepts of neu-
trality are disregarded. The logical
implication is that neutrality is no
longer permissible in the present
struggle against enemies who threat
en- the very foundations of civiliza-
ton and menace the future of nom
belligerents as well as those who
today oppose them in arms.
The most interesting innovation
in the present blacklist policy is the
threat that offenders will be penal
lied during the postwar period as
well as during the war itself. That
was not the case last time, the
blacklist being then strictly a war
time measure. The clear implica-
ton is that the United Nations will
maintain worldwide economic con-
trolls and impose economic sane
tions for a considerable period after
the actual termination of hostilities,
rewarding their friends and handi-
Gaping those in acknowledgement
countries who have prof1ted by COM
mercial intercourse with the Axis.
Unless such a plan has been for
mulated and has a good chance of
being carried out, the threat would
have no meaning.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-05-08
Dirty POOL
By David laurence
From the Detroit News,

From the Detroit News
Our 1t. Gen. Bradley In his ad-
dress to American officers in Britain on
the eve Of the Western invasion warned
OF what might be expected of the Nal
IN the way Of craftsmanship. He is, in
brief, addicted to dirty pool, the general
declared, citing as an illustration that
his white flag might very well conceal
a deadly ambush. This NaI is a new
breed. If he held his fire on Easter,
we can be sure be was swayed by no
religious scruples. He is too conditioned
in his own vile creed to have any
respect for others The Casino incident
is important only as recalling an older
amenity of warfare, fallen largely into
neglect in these days. thanks to our
enemy, to whom few holds in war are
barred.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-05-08
Coins in Wartime

It can never be said OF war-least
Of all this war-that 1t stagnates
the scientific mind. It does the OPP
poSite. The development of syn
thetic Quinine, an achievement just
announced by the Polaroid Corpora
ton, is a notable case in point-a
chemical advance described as one
OF the most important in a century.
Had it not been for the fact that
the Dutch East Indies fell two years
ago to the Japanese, this advance
might not have been realized for
another ten, fifteen, twenty or even
more years. But with the fall of the
Indies, we and our Allies were cut
off from the source of IS per cent
Of the worlds supply of quinine,
and so substitutes had to be sought
for the treatment of malaria, and
some were found but none proved
entirely satisfactory. 1t remained
for two young Harvard chemists
Drs. Woodward and Doering-to get
down to basic molecular architec-
ture and to produce, out of coal
tar derivative, through the jigsaw
magic of synthesis, a substance pre-
cisely the same as that heretofore
available only in the bark Of the
cinchona tree
In an immediate sense this devel-
opment is important chiefly as an
achievement in the field of pure
science, for as far as the present war
goes, the Indies may possibly be
wrested from the japanese before
we are able to produce the new sub
stance in large quantities. From the
standpoint Of the long future, how
ever, 1t not only makes us independ-
ent OF Dutch quinine but signifi-
cantly increases mans knowledge of
synthetics and OF how the funda-
mental building blocks Of matter
can be made h, On our birding
Despite ~ ysst Ell. VA thus st.rs
~ Egns g,<< a. I%zst IT. tf.e Snte
t1zs ~ 2sovt6 ~ narh4E xn<lr1.
s<zt sss3 ~ 'szzF<sE ~ nm Trt
Egr/rr>lrf - z<<4S<zg es,,f,.f,>
Grgan @sSnH5z r >s5z&e&zE,Er u
T%T@5Y Gr.~ - n mr. zhFl~4 II u. .%f
spT az3na zrTiHys< 35fch I'm ThA
S<fysse&s13 ne sf,@nf .s42 ne sTgs-
s>sTs rave s~sn Dss3eT thar ~ysr
s~fsgs in sfs1<ry md Ef.fssgT their
y1rr hss te@n el,g9fnrf Iafze}y n,
TIRE Ssvs8ocshsnt ~ fen usacons
ard tie refinement oE DID ones,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-05-08
Letters to The Star
Navy Wife Tells How Problem
Was Solved
To the Editor Of The Star:

To the Editor Of The Star:
I have a story I would like to put
before the public regarding housing in
this very overcrowded wartime city.
We are Navy family, and during
our four years here we have been forced
to move twice-once because the house
we were in was sold, and again because
the owner wanted his house back for
himself. This last move landed us into
four-room apartment in a single
housing district.
Being ignorant Of the building regula-
tons Of the city, but well aware that
there are many other such apartments
arranged only as a wartime emergency.
we were relieved to get the rooms and
to store the rest of our furniture in
the attic.
The owner of this property had no
intention of breaking the law. When
she realized it was required, she signed
the necessary statement regarding
rental of rooms, and the number of
people allowed in one home, thinking
it covered everything-we are only
building and lent itself perfectly to a
separate apartment The owner fixed
the apartment, with no evident altera-
tons to the house at ALL It Is still q
beautiful home, as it was before.
But some neighbor reported that the
property was being turned into an apart
ment house-and the law descended.
What to do? Must we move again?
And after only two months? We have
Victory garden started and have
worked hard on it. Must it go?
With none of our previous moves had
I given up my war work, but I knew
that my physical strength would not
stand another shift without rest-even
If we could find place to move to.
But we do not have to novel The
owner, being sympathetic to the prob
lens of service families, took another
way of solving the problem. A gas
stove is gone. We now are "boarders."
What was accomplished by this tech
nical compliance with a law that should
be amended to meet wartime needs?
Only a great inconvenience to two
families. There are still as many of
us in the house. We disturb the neigh
bors in the same way we always did.
which we hope is not at all, for We are
quiet home-loving people. We have no
late parties, ever.
The question wish to put before the
public is this: Should it remain unlaw-
full to let three persons have home Of
sorts, instead of having to room" or
live in overcrowded apartment build
ings. Temporary apartments like this
are no more disturbing to the value Of
property than is renting out three or
four rooms separately.
Should not action be taken to allow
such apartments for the duration?
We service people are not here from
choice. We are here, because we were
sent here, to do our share in protecting
the very people who turn us out and
do not care where. or if, we live.
A CONdMANDER'S WIFE.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-05-08

posals for the translation Of ideals
into tangible realities.
OF course, the Carnegie publication
is not the end of the debate on
international polity and jurispru-
dence which has been going on for
ages. 1t pretends to be nothing
more than a statement Of a COM
munity of views" Received and
perused in that character, it is an
exceedingly helpful enterprise for
which many students. amateurs
as well as acknowledged experts,
should be grateful.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-05-08

Imperial Navy no longer Is in the Gen.
trail and the South Pacific. Only old
units and submarines are now in the
various bases. Truk no longer is an
important naval establishment since 1t
has come within easy reach Of American
bombers.
Under the circumstances, q Japanese
attempt to supply the surrounded troops
would be a useless and costly affair.
The Tokyo general staff Is said to have
written on the ESQ., 900 men stationed in
what used to be described as the outer
ring of Japans defenses, since the I'm
perial Navy and air force has been
compelled to refuse combat with Ameri-
cans.
Observers returning from the South
Pacific are warning. however, that our
recent successes should not cause feel
ing of overoptimism. The japanese,
they say, are far from being defeated
and ir1T many respects are In q better
strategic defensive position than theft
German ally.
From a thorough study of the Japa-
nese general STATS strategy, 1t is OBJ
vious that it never intended to extend
its operations much farther after the
conquest Of the Netherlands Indies, the
Philippines, Malaga and Burma. The
Japs' advance as far as New Guinea
and the Solomons was regarded as the
result Of the optimism of the Tokyo
high command. which attempted to gain
much with little effort. In 1912 1t APP
peared to the Japanese that neither
the American nor Australian forces in
that area were capable OF strong re-
sistance, so they moved on.
However, from the moment the Allies
overcame the effects of the first blows
and began to gather strength, the Japs
put only a half-hearted effort in the
furtherance Of their secondary plans.
They are intent on defending-with all
means at their disposal U-shaped
inner line which includes the Neither
lands Indies and Formosa but does
not appear to include even the Philip
pines. This strategy calls for relatively
minor opposition to our forces in the
other sections Of the South Pacific.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-05-08

nearly everything they have accom-
plished in this field can be usefully
applied to making a better world
when peace comes. The big question
is whether we and other peoples
will have sufficient wit and wisdom
to organize all the discoveries and
perfected techniques of the last few
years in a way that will serve society
and not hurt it. as in the past.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-05-08

The University of Maryland has
come out in high praise of spinach.
There is still some danger, however,
that few misguided children given
space in Victory gardens may ac-
cidentally plant watermelons in
stead Of spinach.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-05-08
Precedent for Patton

To the Editor OF The Star:
In the annual review of the Journal
of Commerce and Shipping Telegraph,
published in Liverpool early this year,
there appears an article written by
John w. Booth, chairman of the Liver
pool Steam Ship Owners Association,
entitled Filling the Worlds Empty
Shelves"
Mr.. Booth discusses the ways and
means of replenishing the empty
shelves" and in conclusion states "+
1t may be- therefore, that the next
few decades will see striking ad-
vance in industry and commerce and
a new orientation of trade No one
can foresee what will happen in Europe
in the years Immediately following the
war, but there is little doubt that Great
Britain, with America and Russia, will
have to keep the world on the right
lines
1t may have been indiscreet for Gen.
Patton to have made a similar state
ment about America Great Britain and
Russia ruling the world, he being a gen.
eral and implying that that is, or will
be, the policy of this country, but here
is evidence of a well-knoWn business
man in England making practically the
same statement six months ago. Mr..
Booth did not get the publicity in this
country that was given to Gen. Patton's
remarks. W. WOODWARD COOK.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-05-08
Replies to Elmer Davis

To the Editor OF The Star
/ have just seen the letter of Elmer
Davis. printed In The Star ON Monday,
In which he replies to my suggestion
that the owl might counteract effec-
lively some Of the current anti British
Hes by Issuing a pamphlet such as was
used IN the last war
II Is typical of Mr.. Davis that he
should refer to the suggestion as q
complaint And. M usual his blcat-
Ing about what he cannot do Is &C
companled by praise OF what he has
done II In too bad about the law
which hc says suggest he violate All
one can say about that In that II Con-
gress had not grown pretty thoroughly
suspicious Of Mr., Davis. II would not
have put this restriction upon him. Tho
mere existsnce OF the law In evidence
OF distrust. FRANK r. KENT.
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1944-12-16
LEGAL NOTICES
Wills ". Graves. Attorney
4i6 \. warren Ave.


Wills ". Graves. Attorney
4i6 4. warren Ave.
STATE OF MICHIGAN IN the
Circuit Court Tor the County Of
Wayne IN Chancery
CLAUDE FOX Plaintiff vs. NET
TIE FOX, Defendant
NJ. s66.gss
ORDER OF PUBLICATION
Al sefsioI ~ said Court held
Az he Court House, 10 he CRY OF
De'roil County Of Wayne ano stare
Of Michirar ON the 18th day OF DC.
loher 1914
Present Hon GEORGE p. MIR
PLY Circuit Judge
Satisfactory proof nv afsdavit
having been made showing thar the
dfftrcari nor resident ~ the
state ~ Michigan but rosifes az
i3.5 Monroe Street Paeucsh
County % McCracken and state OF
ken,ucky
on motion or Willis ". Graves
atiogney for the plainth
3" R4ttfttf4R ma the sam
defendant Nette Fox. enter her
appsb lance IA said cause on or be-
fo< three 60 months from the
eqte % this order or me BIZ 81
Complaint may be taken a. confesy-
en- maj a copy ~ this order be
seeVed upon The defendant person
Ally ~ BY registered mail or thar
said order BE published az reqnlr-
ed by law -.
GEORGE B MURPHY.
Circuit judge.
"a True Copy
cASpAR LINGEMAN. Clerk.
BY DAN WoJCIK.
Deputy Clerk, il-2S-I-s 1szs
this young lady for she IL deeply
aware or me race problem and IL
interested IN seeing the Negro
advance and get a square deal
Miss Lewis Is originally from
AfIeYf. 20
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1944-12-16
UMPN 1--WE
by ulysses boykin

Business on the nightfe-row is at a stand stu Tho
approaching holiday season and the uncertainty on no
nnt But we will be in there swinging soon with Zoo
roU tine and all that stuff. W 'ss-