davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1944-03-19
Mrs. Byerly Here

Maj. and Mrs. r. j. Dingle oi
North Arlington have as a guest Mrs
Dingle's mother, Mrs. Clyde Byerly
who came last week from Seattle for
a visit of several weeks and to see
her new grandson, Donald Lloyo
Dingle,
Evening star., 1944-03-19

tertained her guests at a theater
party and this morning will enter
tain at breakfast In honor Of the
visitors.
Evening star., 1944-07-30

anything more than debating society,
must be prepared to use force to stem
aggression. 1t was on the rock of un-
willingness to employ armed might to
enforce its decision that the old League
foundered.
In the discussions over the last two
years of measures of international Sc
curity, many groups and influential in
dividuals consulted by the State Depart
ment have urged world police force
which would take its orders not from
any one power but directly from the
league-or whatever it may be called.
The plan has its obvious advantages
But from practical political viewpoint
1t does not seem feasible. There likely
would be endless pickering about the
forces to be contributed by various ma
tions and their terms of employment.
Moreover, there is in the United States
large body of opinion which, while IA
vorable toward international co-opera-
ton, gags at the idea of "superstate. +"
Super-state Not Proposed.
consequently, Tile HItSlueHL SdlQ.
I'VE are not thinking of a superstate
with its own police forces and other par
aphernalia of coercive power. We are
seeking effective agreement and ar
rangements through which the nations
would maintain - = adequate forces to
meet the needs of preventing war and
of making impossible deliberate prep
arations for war. ="
Article VI of the Moscow declaration
provides key to the manner in which
national forces would be used The four
powers represented there agreed
That after the termination of hostili-
ties they will not employ their military
forces within the territories of other
states except for the purpose envisaged
in this declaration and after joint con-
sultation.' One of the greatest fears held
tSee PARLEY, Page C-3J
Evening star., 1944-07-30

ish Commonwealth can only be expe-
dited if the United States is prepared
to lend full moral, military and eco
nomic support to collective guarantees
of future world security.
"The price, for instance, which must
be paid by the people of the United
States who demand that India should
have complete independence is will
ingness to help maintain international
security, if that security is in any way
endangered by the granting of Indian
independence
Nash makes this point in a book,
New Zealand" not yet off the press, in
which he devotes much thought to the
new Pacific"
He claims British Empire" is an an
tequated term, but that British Com
monwealth" is a living partnership OF
nations which find sentimental, eco
nomic and military advantage in CO.
operating. He points out the now inde-
pendent commonwealth nations won
their freedom under British super
vision, and he hopes to see India do the
same
He will insist at United Nations talks
that the Atlantic Charter be applied
to all peoples bordering the Pacific as
soon as they can be prepared for self
government.
Nash says the United Nations must
affirm now that they will help the
brown, yellow and white millions of the
Pacific Cd to choose their own govern
ments, CD to gain equal rights to trade
and raw materials and 90 to set up
social security systems.
The birth of this new world to the
west of the United States will be i'm
possible to ignore. American attention
which has turned traditionally east
ward toward Europe will now have to be
turned almost equally west toward Asia.
There is no suggestion that the United
States carry the cost of Pacific security
alone. Other United Nations with in
terests there are expected to help. But
Evening star., 1944-07-30

dollars which the American Army is
now spending here for Egyptian goods
and services it is only reasonable to as
sumo that America will get her share"
Correspondents were quick to point
out that dollars spent in Egypt are cred
tied to Britain, which in turn credits
Egypt in sterling They said Egyptian
credits in London now amount to some
300,000o00 pounds, which would make
1900, 100000, and wanted to know if
any negotiations were under way to
make some of that balance available in
dollars.
Mr.. Johnston said he knew of no such
negotiations.
British manufacturers are represented
here as anxious to resume trade at the
earliest possible moment, and an Egyp-
to investigate.
Egypt is particularly interested in
American heavy machinery for indus
trial expansion, farm machinery and
consumer goods.
Its former purchasing agent in New
York made an enthusiastic report on
the prospective ability of the United
States to supply Egyptian needs with a
quicker switchover to peacetime produc-
ton than Great Britain.
Director James M. Lands Of the
American Economic Mission is keeping
American trade possibilities in view.
His mission represents the Lease-Lend
Administration, U. S. Commercial Co.
and other United States foreign eco
nomic administration activities.
Mr.. Lands said in a speech recently
that the United States hopes to aid the
Middle East after the war on a COM
petitive business basis.
Most of the Middle Eastern countries
are potentially rich. largely as a result
of military expenditures, Mr.. Lands
said.
There are many projects that should
be started after the war, such as the re-
hahilitation Of railroads. street railway
Evening star., 1944-07-30


In the quiet, almost pastoral, atmos-
phere of Dumbarton Oaks in George
town, delegates from the worlds four
greatest non-Axis military powers will
gather around table early next month
and begin the foundation of an inter-
national organization to keep the peace.
Although it is correct to say that
these men will lay the foundation, as
the coming meeting will be the first
held for its specific purpose, much
"spadeWork" for the conference already
has been done by the home governments
of the four powers-the United States,
Great Britain, Russia and China. This
Is particularly true of the United States.
For more than two years now, corps
of experts in the State Department has
been studying the problems involved in
second attempt to create workab BILE,
effective league to keep the peace.
Presumably the Dumbarton Oaks con-
ference will announce no final decisions,
although it is expected to draw up a
detailed, comprehensive plan of world
UIOcI WHICH, Will Ue referred DdCk 10 uNe
four governments. Later, it is expected,
there will be full-scale, postwar con-
ference where all the United Nations
will be represented and where final ac-
ton will be taken on the project which
the meeting here is to mold into shape.
Delegates UnannOunced.
Only two of the four powers, so far,
have announced their leading represent
atives, and none of them their full dele
cations. The American group will be
headed by Undersecretary of State Ed
ward R. Stettinius and the British dele
cation by his opposite number in Lon
don, Sir Alexander Cadogan permanent
undersecretary of the British Foreign
Office
Lord Halifax, the British Ambassador
here, is to attend some of the meetings,
as will Secretary of State Cordell Hull,
who, as host to the conference, probably
Evening star., 1944-07-30

1lluld 5 independence
can be achieved
eventually for a
price - enough per-
m a n e n t American
military strength in
the Pacific to keep
the peace.
The point has been
raised by New Zea-
lands Minister to
Washington, Walter
Nash, who presum-
ably will play some
part in the talks,
since one section
wi t h the United
States, the United
Kingdom and China
sitting in-Will con-
slider peace insur-
ance for the Pacific.
Nash says The
granting of progress
SlVe measures of
S e ! f-government to
the present colonial
sections of the Brit
Evening star., 1944-07-30

The Use of Presidential
Have the Republicans proposed an un-
official amendment to the Constitution
in their 1914 platform pledge to let the
General Staff of the Army and the
Office Of Naval Operations prosecute
Americas war without the civilian in
reference" of the President as Com
mander in Chief?
This is perhaps the most interesting
question which has arisen in the 1914
presidential campaign, because it goes
to the very roots of what sort of a gov
ernment We have. 1t would be we'll to
take good, hard look at the issues
involved.
Several facts make faces at one an
other:
The Constitution provides that 'the
executive power shall be vested in a
President of the United States of
America" and that "the President shall
be Commander in Chief of the Army
and Navy of the United States, and Of
the militia of the several States when
called into the actual service of the
United States"
Platform Pledges Noninterference.
The Republican party, in its platform
adopted at Chicago June %, 1914, in
cludes among its covenants with the
people of our Nation" the pledge to
prosecute the war Ito total victory
against, our enemies under the
competent and trained direction of our
general staff and Office of naval opera
tions without civilian interference :"
Gov. Thomas E. Dewey, the Repub-
lcan nominee for the presidency, in his
speech Of acceptance at Chicago that
same evening said: Let me make it
crystal clear that change of admins
tration next January cannot and will
not involve any change in the military
conduct of the war. If there is not now
any civilian interference with the mill
tary and naval commands, a change in
administration will not alter that status.
If there is civilian interference, the new
administration will put a stop to it
forthwith
What do the Republicans mean by
civilian interference? Obviously they
don't mean the efforts of congressional
committees to find out the facts about
the Armys oil project in Northwest
Canada; nor the controversies between
Manpower Commission Chairman Nc
Mutt and the military; nor Donald Nell
sons determined fight to lay the foun-
dation for reconversion of our war in
dustries to peace goods. These sorts of
interference" y have been applauded
more than reprehended by the Repub-
licans since Pearl Harbor. 1t is not
activity by agents of the executive that
Is inveighed against by the phrase
Evening star., 1944-07-30

larly on the British sector Of the Nor
mandy coast. it may be assumed that
the casualties suffered by the western
Allies must we'll exceed five figures.
The British and Imperial troops,
which have been fighting since 1910,
have been weakened by losses suffered
in France, North Africa, Greece and in
the Far East, where at Singapore alone
the losses approximated 10000 men.
The total British combat forces, includ-
ing the Canadians who are overseas:
the New Zealanders and the Indians
hardly exceeds 100000 men. Under
these circumstances and considering
the many responsibilities of the British
Army. it will be necessary for Gen.
Eisenhower to count mostly on American
forces for requirements on the French
front. After the Casablanca conference,
and particularly after the Quebec con-
ference, where plans for the invasion of
Western Europe were discussed, it was
reported, and never officially denied,
that the invasion forces would be COM
posed of about 70 per cent American
and 30 per cent British.
Armies Even at Landing.
1t is probable that in the establish
ment of the beachheads the number of
American and British h-Canadian divi-
Sions may have been about the same,
possibly even more British and Cana
dians than Americans in the first week
of battle. But henceforth, unless the
Nazi armies collapse before we start the
battles which will lead us to Paris, it
will be up to the Americans to provide
the majority of replacements and the
new formations which are intended to
smash the armies Hitler has placed in
the path of the Allies
The burden of supplying all the fight
ing men in Europe also must fall princi-
pally on the United States. The buzzy-
bombs are causing greater devastation
in London and in the southern ports
than has been officially admitted Some
of the railway stations leading from the
British capital to the coast have been
badly damaged. The strain of the day
and night bombardments is very great
on the people of Britain. They accept
it as an inevitable consequence of total
war, but their efficiency at work is
necessarily impaired.
Had the German buzzybombs started
the bombardment of England a few
weeks before we established our beach,
heads in France and captured Cher
bourg, our adventure across the Channel
might have proved a very risky one But
now it is possible to send supplies and
relnforcements to France by other routes
(See CRACKUP, Page C-3J
Evening star., 1944-07-30
Nazis Fear Czechs

After the standby" appeal made in
the Czechoslovakian broadcast beamed
from London some two months ago,
every German over Is years of age liv-
ing in Bohemia and Moravia was given
a rifle and 525 cartridges. Many Of
the Germans, however, did not know
how to handle their arms. The S. A.
command in Prague, therefore, organ
lied target practice for all German
civilians. In Prague and several other
towns targets and ammunition have
been placed at the disposal of the Ger
man population from to O'Clock in
the evening daily" according to an Off
cial announcement in the Der Neue
Tag, the Nazi organ in Prague,
Evening star., 1944-07-30

snare tne Middle
Eastern market is based partly on the
close Anglo American cooperation in
their jointly-run Middle East supply
center.
Set up to see that the civilian popula-
tlons did not starve. the MESC inaugu-
rated program of virtual self-sufi-
cheney for the area to save Allied ship
ping. Under it the Middle East has
learned to cultivate new crops, new in
dustries have been fostered and land
reclamation undertaken.
Egypt, by diversified agriculture. has
freed herself to some extent from the
economic influence of the world cotton
market. Decaying industries have been
revived and new ones started. Egypt
and Iran have begun working chromium
deposits previously ignored. In Syria,
Ignite is being used to replace coal In
Palestine whole series of industries
has opened up, based on the reprocess-
ing of chemical waste.
MESC pursued its policy directly and
indirectly. Indirect was the campaign
against the locust. American and Brit
ish entomologists led field expeditions.
Russia supplied special airplane equip
ment for spreading American and Brit
ish poison dust.
Chilean nitrates and lease-lend apri-
cultural machinery have had high Ship
ping priority.
In its first two years MESC imported
100000 tons Of wheat. The figure for
the second year, however, was about
half that for the first, and a great pro-
portion of the second years importation
was destined for Allied forces, which do
not draw on local cereal production.
Experiment is going on In cultivation
Of soya beans. Greater local manufac-
ture of medical supplies is planned.
Egypt's molasses surplus from cane
sugar waste may soon be processed
Serving on medical advisory commits
sion within the MESC are British and
American doctors.
distributed b. the Associated rress)
Evening star., 1944-07-30

7V00o' FOf the dependent
territories he would like to see a limited
Nations trusteeship set up with more
effective machinery than the old League
OF Nations had to supervise the welfare
OF people in dependent areas.
Nash says he will suggest further at
the conferences that "the benefits of
the products of the islands 60 to the
people"
mo matter how clever we are" he
says, I'VE have no right to go to areas
where there are resources helpful to us
and take them from the people, keeping
them at low standard while we build
ourselves a high standard"
Distributed hy the ASSnciatea DRAG.
Evening star., 1944-07-30

Ana mere are some
Of the policy ques-
tions which Nash
raises without an
sWering - questions
which probably will
come up during the
big four talks.
What of French
interests in Indo-
China? What of
Thailand's re?
Are the Netherlands
Indies ready to as
sumo a fuller au-
tonomy? Nash, for
all his desire to see
fuller freedom for
the Eastern peoples
recognizes that New
Zealand would only
be in greater danger
If the Asians took
over their govern
ments before they
were ready to pro-
tect them.
Evening star., 1944-07-30
1000 Hostages Held

According to report emanating from
the Czechoslovak Press Bureau, on July
S, on the day Of the Allied invasion of
Normandy, the Gestapo arrested many
thousands of patriots in Czechoslovakia.
In Prague alone about a thousand were
taken into custody: They are being
held as hostages to prevent a spon-
taneous revolt, following upon Allied
Evening star., 1944-07-30

raw materials and
fabricating powers.
And I hope America
can supply matters
of that character"
Delegates of IL
M i d d lie E a S rn
countries m e ting
here in April ex-
pressed their hope
that it will become
possible for foreign
credit balances to be
made readily trans
ferable into goods
from any source.
The conference
attaches the greatest
Importance to large
import of both con-
sumer goods and
capital goods as soon
as conditions of ship
ping and supply per-
nit"
Hope that the
I1nSfnl C%t
Evening star., 1944-07-30

Tor American goods,
and the only ques-
ton is how the area
can get the dollars
with which to buy.
Egypt's wealth of
foreign credits, for
instance, is in Eng
lish pounds.
The question was
raiseu when Eric A.
Johnston. president
of the United States
Chamber of Com
Ill e 1 Z {, y n 5 5 Z u
through Cairo re-
Gently.
After the war
Egypt will have the
money to buy the
heavy machinery and
to hire technicians
with the know-how"
for her industrial de-
velopment, Johnston
told reporters.
Since part of this
money might be the
Evening star., 1944-07-30
US. Strength Is Held Key
To independence for India
BY Sigrid Arne.

The United States may be told dur
ing the big four talks in August that
the demand of some Americans for
Evening star., 1944-07-30

Australians and New Zealanders, Nash
says, want the United States to keep
up many of their wartime Pacific bases.
Evening star., 1944-07-30
Business Looks Eagerly
To Postwar Middle East
By Richard e.. Massock.

CA1RO.-American business sees in
the Middle East potentially important
postwar market the Middle East is eager
Evening star., 1944-07-30

systems, installation of adequate sewers,
building of hydroelectric dams.
You will need at the start the help of
Evening star., 1944-07-30
Many Presidents Stressed
COmmander-in-Chief Role
Constitution Centers Both Civilian and Military
Leadership in Chief Executive to Provide
Emergency Unity
Bv Georfe Fort Milton.

The Presidential 17s9-i94 ~ ~ A'
Evening star., 1944-07-30

Continued on Page C-3, Column 81
Evening star., 1944-07-30
Far Ahead of Schedule.

FdT AnedQ Oh Scne0ule,
Thus the invasion of France bv the
Anglo American forces, the pounding of
the Reich by the Allied Air Force, the
threat to the southern belly of the
European fortress and the highly eff
cient supply job done by Russias west
ern Allies have all contributed more
than so per cent to facilitating the job
of the Red armies which are now ad-
vancing against the Fatherland itself
with a much greater speed than had
been anticipated at the historic Teheran
conference.
In the battle of France, the British
have done an excellent job. But this
would not have been possible without
the full participation of the American
forces, whose numbers are vastly SUI
perior to those of our gallant British
ally
The number of British and Canadian
divisions available for combat is, of
course, military secret, as are the
losses suffered by the entire forces under
Gen. Eisenhower, until the War Depart
ment releases the official figures. In
view OF the determination with which
the Germans are still fighting. particu-
Evening star., 1944-07-30

tsee PARLEY, Page C-3J
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-04-10

Dr. Insraham also revealed that
Harvard has perfected "nbrin
film"-s thin, tough, sheet-like MA
terihl also made from blood which
can be substituted for the durs, Or
envelope that protects the brain
This second substance has been
used successfully in civilian opera
tons and now is under study by
the Army.
The second development, for
which credit goes to Army neuro-
surgeons at Walter Reed, is a TECH
nique Tor mending skull fractures
caused by battle wounds.
Taking a tip from the slazier. sur
Seons are replacing extensive areas
Of shattered skull bone with tam
tslum metal plates that are inlaid
On chiselled-out edges Of uniniured
bone and fastened with tiny tri-
angular metal wedges, just AS Il pane
Is inserted in Il window frame.
The older technique was to lay
the metal plate OH top OF the I'M
broken bone and sew 1t onto the
skull remnant with metal thread.
Surgeons at Walter Reed said this
often resulted in the formation OF
an unsishtly hump and sometimes
shipped, neceSsitating further surg
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-04-10
Two Vital Advances in Surqery
Described at Walter Reed

Two notable advances In war
time military surgery. outlined to
Army neuro-surgeons attending =
conference at Walter Reed Hospital
today offered new hope Of life and
health to soldiers wounded OH the
battlefield.
The first Is "nbrin foam" de-
veloped At Harvard, which Army
surgeons hailed rs cone OF the
great discoveries OF the war" 1t is
u spongy. substance which quickly
controls bleeding from small blood
vessels and large veins OF the nerv-
1ous system. Its use Shortens the
time required for operations OH the
brain or the nervous system
The material Is made from blood
and was obtained as q by-product
In the breaking down OF plssma.
Or. Frank D. Ingrshsm. one OF the
Harvard Investigators, demon
strated # to the visiting surgeons.
The foam, he said. is applicable
ranging from pin-hssd size for
checking oozing blood from small
vessels TO- golf ball size for implant-
ing in the bed Of q removed tumor.
It can. be left inside when the
wound l. closed and is rapidly alb
sorbed by the system. This has
been impossible. he pointed out,
with blood-controllers used pre-
tiollSly.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1944-04-10
|P. {. Shomette, IS,
ice Emp|oye, Dies

Print Edwin Shomette, IS. vet.
eran Of two wars and employe Of
the Interstate Commerce Commits
sion, who died Friday in the Vet
Grams Hospital, Perry Point, Md.
will be buried in Arlington Gem
etery after services in Fort Myel
Chapel at 10 am. tomorrow.
A native Of Louisville, Miss. Mr.
Shomette came to Washington in
1908 as an accountant with the ICC
He made his home at l2l Twelfth
street Sc
When he was II Mr.. Shomette en-.
listed in the Army and served in
Puerto Rico during the War with
Spain. He later served in the Dis
trict National Guard, retiring as q
second lieutenant. During the World
War he served in both the Coast
Guard and the Army. He attended
the Infantry Offlcers' Training
School at Fort Myer for several
months before the armistice.
He is survived by his widow, Mrs
Mary Shomette. six sons, Thomas w.
in the Coast Guard: Louis E., Print
E., jr,: Gilbert W.. Rodney r.. with
the Army Engineers in England
and Grady F. Shomette; three
daughters, Mrs. Frederic Gooch
Mrs. Alton Brady and Mrs. Rudolf
Perry, all of Washington, and 10
grandchildren: three brothers, J. w.
Shomette of Lockhart. Tex: H. l.
Shomette of Dallas. Tex, and E. H
Shomette Of Washington, and three
sisters, Mrs. r. o. Alexander of San
Antonio, Mrs. C. M. Duncan OF
Oklahoma City and Mrs. Ethel
Mealer of Los Angeles.