davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Imperial Valley press., 1944-05-14
SpurtunS Blank
|oItviIIe y to @

Near-perfect fielding combined
with the hurting of Jerry Womack
gave the El Centro Spartans TO
victory over the Holtville Vikings
Friday afternoon.
Although the Spartans were able
to get only four hits off Loree Kai-
ser, it was Holtville's seven errors
that cost them the ball game.
Gent scored the first tally when
WOmack's blow to BoneSteele saw
the latter overtirdH first base
Maddox scored in the third when
Leja let a bail get away from him
at home plate. In the fourth Ward
low who had beat out a third strike
came home on Henry's single. In
the fifth Harvey scored on a wild
pitch and Gent crossed the plate
on Rogers single Maddox and
Henry each scored, after getting
walks. Cn an overthrow of third by
Leja after Womack's long hit to
center.
Three errors were charged Bone
steele and Leja and one to Kaiser in
the game. Ferguson and Blair were
the only Vikings to get safe singles
off the arm of Womack.
Womack was credited with l3
strikeouts, walked none and hit one
player. Kaiser struck out seven
and gave up seven walks.
Jim Lloyd of Holtville was in
Imperial Valley press., 1944-05-14
L. 4. PRODUCE

Los Angeles. May l3. uPD-
Asparagus: firm; per ID: local colo
SSal 12-l3c, mostly lie, fey S-l0C, choice
sc
Avocados: steady: Per ID: fuertes 13-14c
fair & coast stock 1O-l2c, No. 2S 5-6c;
lyons & princess 7-Sc; spinkS and chall-
enge 5-6c;flats fuerteS l.5o-25O lugS
packed 3.50-i.0O
Bunched vegetables: weaker on carrots
firm on radisheS, steady on others. Per
crt: beetS 2is-3 doz 75c-100, carrots 8
doz l.0O-l 25; iced crtS doz Imperial
Wy 3.OO-3.50, Is doz Imperial Wy ,. %
> 50; ChaTd 3 doz T5C-1.o green onions
) doz 2.T5-3.25. ordinary 2.OO-225; kale
pa doz 1.O0-l 25: leeks , doz 3.5O-4.OO;
mustard doz l.OO-l.25: parsley doz
1.50-2o0 best :. 25 ;radishes small red
6 doz $50. spinach doz 1.0O-l.25, tur-
nips 2la-3 doz 1.o0-1.25.
Cabbage firm; local cannonball crts
/ 75-2 IS fair $50 jboS x ordinary 9Oc-
90: red cabbage local 4 Imperial Wy
, .50-375 per cwt.
crts 6.OO-7.00 fair $50. sturdee crts
local SIS doz 450-5.OO Ordinary 3.5O-iO0;
howard crts zoo.
Onions: steady Street sales 5O-lb SKIS
Imperial Wy yellow bermudas 800; TeXos
yellow bermudas 3.OO-3.50, losal Spanish
250-2 75, fair 2.25 ;lugs Spanish .40-1 50.
Peas: stronger. Per Lib. Santa Barbara
co s-lOc, ordinary TO fair 6-7c.
Peppers: stronger. green chiliS best
20-22c. fair 1900; Imperial ely fair
6-7c.
Squash: steady 10 firm on best with
wide range in quality; white summer
Imperial Wy crts 2.OO-2. p. fair 1.5O-l. IS;
No. IS 1.OO-1.25, Italian Imperial Wy
crtS 1.5O-2O0. fair rs, No PC 75c-1 90;
yellow crookneckS Imperial Wy crts
2o0-2 50, fair 1.50-l.75; banana To- 3l2c.
Tomatoes: firm; Imperial Wy crts s-i2
tops 375-4. p. les 3O0-3.25. Dos 200
$50; loose lugs & crts 1.25-1.75, pound
basis qS-l6s lsc
Imperial Valley press., 1944-05-14
Barbara Worth
Election Monday

Members of the Barbara Worth
Country club will meet Monday
night in their annual election meet
ing to fill three expiring terms on
the board Of directors.
The seven-member board con-
sists of James Stone. Calexico; For
rest Manley, Kenneth Sharp and
Forrest Ferguson, Holtville; and
Martin Wahl, Bob Fahs and Pau
jenkins, El Centre.
The three members whose terms
expire are Wahl, Jenkins and Fer
guson. Nominations will be made
from the floor and balloting pro-
ceed, Fahs said Saturday morning
The directors will then meet and
elect officers.
The meeting has been termed as
an important one and several
good" reports for the past years
operation will be made as well as
future plans discussed, Fahs said.
Imperial Valley press., 1944-05-14
SPORTS PAGE
. pens S

The Ell Centro softball season will
be officially opened Monday night
at SIS o'clock with Mayor Prem
L. Moore assuming his first pubic
act of occice by tossing the flrSt
ball in the game. EX-Mayor Bob
Hatton will catch the ball and Herb
Fawcett it is rumored will attempt
to knock it out of the park so they
will have to use a new ball. Coun-
cilmen Yves He'll and Bill Tondro
will be on hand to see that every
thing is legal, it is reported.
The Baptist Brotherhood will
cross bats with the Holtville Naval
air station in this inaugural game
Monday night that will touch off a
summer season OF 112 games.
Other games next week include
Troy's Drive-Inn VS. Telephone
company on Tuesday night; the El
Centre Pick-ups VS.. Acme of I'M
perial on Thursday night; and
Sandy Beach VS.. the Marine Corps
air station Friday night. These four
nights each week will make up the
schedule.
The Baptists' starting tentative
lineup is as follows: Shepard
p; Burton, C; Evans, lb; Thomas,
2b; Price, 3b; Parker, 4b; Parker
IS; Measure, SC; Sinclair, If; Wood
CT; and King, IF.
Tere will be no admission charged
during the season and all games
will be broadcast over the public
address system.
Imperial Valley press., 1944-05-14
". Y. STOCKS

New York May y. CUP Leading
stocks fell back into their narrow rul
in The short session on the stock market
saturday while q few special issues moved
outside a fractional area on both sides
of The market Volume was small.
A few rails notably Santa Fe. ilrmed
ana brought the rail average w slightly.
while the utility average held al the
alrevious close and the industrial eaSed.
Extreme caution prevailed m the ranks
of the traders who were unwilling 10 rlSk
commitments over the week end There
was O small amount Of evening up ana
a neager amount OF short covering which
provided what little activity The market
had
Douglas aircraft lost q point 10 a new
low al II Losses of a point or more
were noted in interchemical preferred,
Lorilhrd preferred ard American and
Foreign Power S6 preferred. Fintkoie
preferred gained more than point TO
q new high.
Preliminary closing Dow-Jones averages
Industrial 13s Sc up 009 rail 3 81. up
Ola, utility go off 0.oi: and 65 stocks
az. 81. up o.05.
Sales were DO III shares, smallest
for any Saturday since Sept. !. l.45'
against 330, $40 last week CuIh volume
was 5O.67O shares. least since Aug. =.
1913. and compared with Sl.u20 a week
ago.
Imperial Valley press., 1944-05-14
New Forest Fire
Peril Looms

SACRAMENTO, May 13. (UP)-
Northern California races a serious
forest fire season due to reduction
to one-third of normal forest serV-
ice crews in the state, the natural
resources committee of the Sacra-
mento Valley council, state chamber
of commerce, warned Saturday.
The council said it was urging
congress to provide emergency funds
to maintain forest fire crews. The
committee reported no funds have
yet been appropriated.
In another recommendation TO
the California railroad commission,
the council asked for a survey and
Imperial Valley press., 1944-05-14
Pensive, Platter,
Carried the Odds
By OSCAR FRALEY
United Press Staff Correspondent

BALTIMORE, Nd, May 13. CUP)
-Pensive and Platter, two chest
nut colts with wings on their heels,
carried most of the money postWard
when they led field Of seven to
the barrier Saturday in the 54th
running of the Preakness stakes, the
prize of Pimlico and Second Jewel
in the American turfS triple crown.
Pensive. the gallant chestnut who
carried the devils red and blue of
Calumet Farms to a four and one
half length victory in the Ken
lucky Derby was a two to one ia
vorite TO have stumpy-legged Conn
McCreary ride him under the wire
in front once again. But right
alongside was George D. Widener's
platter, given the, same odds to
win the run for the Black-eyed Su-
sans and carry off the richest purse
in the history of this historic track.
Imperial Valley press., 1944-05-14
,MPLS. FLAX FUTURES
LOCAL BUTTERFAT
L. A. LIVESTOCK

Los Angeles, May 13. CUPl-
Cattle: salable 400, generally steady. few
loads medium to good steers 1916,
medium feeder steers u. common stock
ers 1883; common heifers 115O.
cutter TO common COWS s 25-l0.50. odd
medium COWS to u, Gamers and cut
tiers SIS few down 10 5 so, and under;
common 10 medium bulls S50-9.5O.
Calves salable 125, SLOW. about steady
load medium TO choice 211 ID. Vealers
1915.
Hogs salable 400. fairly active. steady
TO strong; top 14S5 on few good TO
choice DO lbs, bulk good TO choice
2O0-25O lbs. 14.75. medium TO good 1s0-
go ubS 13. 25-14.5O. few down 10 u;
common TO choice soWs 9-10.75.
Imperial Valley press., 1944-05-14
L. A. STOCKS

Los Angeles. May l3. up = Allied
offensives in southern Europe retarded
prices on the Los Angeles stock exchange
today with five issues declining and
six remaining unchanged although l.. SIS
shares were sold. Only three issues in
creased.
Edison Com Ice at % down /. six per
cent 100 at 3 lup u; Hancock Oil 100 at
81 down !. Union Oil 100 at lS% down
Y Aircraft Accessories 300 at 3h down
!. Cessna Aircraft 100 at 81. up ! Il !;
Consolidated Steel Com al l1+- up L
Giaddng Mclean 200 at u unchanged.
Imperial Valley press., 1944-05-14
HEBER BOXER GETS
6O-DAY SUSPENSION

SACRAMENTO, May 13. up
jose Guitterez, boxer of Heber,
Calf, has been suspended for go
days for non-appearance and Box
ers Edward John Rymer, Whining
ton, and Dan Merit Broiles. San
Diego, has been suspended indef-
initely as retired and unavailable,
the state athletic commission an
nOunced Saturday
Imperial Valley press., 1944-05-14
CHICAGO GRAIN

Chicago May 13 (UPl-Grain futures
developed an easier trend on the board
OF trade Saturday. Rye continued un-
tinued unsettled
Rye declined sharply on the close fin
ishing the day off = 10 i. cents d
bushel. Wheat shared the downturn
closing unchanged to off :. Oats was
unchanged TO off a. and barley un-
changed to off i.
Imperial Valley press., 1944-05-14
BABE IS CHAMP

LOS ANGELES, May Is. (UP)
Versatile Babe DidriksOn Ia
harias added another champion
ship to her list of athletic hOnOrs
after winning a smashing IL to 8
victory Friday from defending
champion Mrs. c. c. Akin in the
Los Angeles women's city golf
tournament.
Imperial Valley press., 1944-05-14
ST. Louis Teams
Win East Games
By GLEN PERKINS
United Press Staff Correspondent

NEW YORK, May 13. CUP) =
The Brooklyn Dodgers uniforms
are dazzling to say the least. Of
satin, they are shimmery under the
lights and made up of blue shirts
and pants with white piping on
the shoulders and white stripes
down the legs.
There are also white visors on
the blue caps. The drab st. Louis
Cardinals in their conventional
white home uniforms, couldn't
match the Dodgers for locks but
they won the ball game, 7-2. Max
Lanier went the route for the fifth
time in as many starts this season
and won his fifth contest. Self
conscious, as were the rest of the
buns" Hal Gregg was the loser.
The Philadelphia Phillies halted
TIE one game winning streak" of
the Chicago Cubs by trouncing the
Bruins, 9-3 behind the eight hit
pitching of Rookie Charlie Schanz
who recorded his third triumph.
Paul Derringer was handed his 5th
loss as Chicago lost its 14th game
in its last Is starts.
The New York Giants snapped
out of their slump with a Is hit
attack that defeated the Cincinnati
Reds, 5-3. Nap Reyes, playing his
first game as an outfielder in place
of Joe MedWick who was benched
for ragged fielding ,clouted a two
run homer for the New Workers.
winning margin. Harry Feldman
was the winning pitcher, Ed Heus-
ser was the loser.
The Boston Braves continued the
use of their new found batting
power and humbled the Pittsburgh
Pirates for the second straight day,
1913. Nate Andrews benefited from
the II hit attack of his mates.
Imperial Valley press., 1944-05-14

investigation with a view to making
a temporary connection of Southern
Pacific and Sacramento Northern
at Yuba City to expedite movement
of the peach crop during the COM
ing harvest.
Imperial Valley press., 1944-05-14
M RK KETS
POULTRY & EGGS

POULTRY PRICES: CAL points Imperial
Valley OPA Maximum set Oct. u, 1943.)
First price-At Ranch TO Wholesaler or
Retailer. Second price = Delivered to
Wholesaler or Retailer. Third priee-At
ranch TO consumer;
Rroilers, Leghorns, under 2k lbs, SOC,
2L to lbs, 29c; fryers 3-4 lbs. 29c;
roasters, all weights, 29c; fowl, Leghorn
all weights 25hc; colored, all weights
25hc; ducks, all sizes 25c; rabbits, under
5 lbs, 22-24c.
Los Angeles. May 13. Up) Eggs;
Wholesale prices consumer grade: Large
grade a 35 81. grade 2S-29, medium
grade A 3l-32, small grade 24-25.
Retail prices TO consumer: Large. grade
"A 46-4S grade Al -43 grade 36-37;
medium grade AA 1911. grade 37-3s
small. Grade A 29-31.
Candled graded eggs 10 retailers tcar-
tons Large, grade AA AZ. grade \ Rs
ID: grade B 34-35 medium. grade a 23-
35; small a 26-2s.
Butter: Unchanged at oPA ceilings.
Poultry unchanged.
Imperial Valley press., 1944-05-14
FIFTEEN SOUTH CALIFORNIA
SOLDIERS LISTED AS DEAD

A war department announcement
lists Is southern California soldiers
as killed in the Southwest Pacific.
All were on-commissioned men or
privates except one, a captain.
Imperial Valley press., 1944-05-14

LOS ANGELES, May 13. (UP)-
w. A. Horne, burglar under SEN
tence from to 10 years Saturday
waited legal decision on his offer
of an eye to Marine Private o. D.
Henneman, blinded in action. Horne
made the offer lin partial atone
ment' but when it was accepted
County Physician DR.. Marcus Cra-
han refuseL> permission. 1t would
constitute manning of a prisoner in
official custody, he said.
Imperial Valley press., 1944-05-14
L. A. HA Y

Los Angeles, May y. IJPI-
U. S. No. l extra ieafy s34. 5O-36 50: U.
S. No. ] S31. .50-33 so; L. s. No. ! S31 So
1880: U. s. No. 2 leafy or No. green
$50. .5O-32. 50; L. S. No. 2 S29-31 per ton.
No. | barley hay S30-31; No. l oat hay
S37-3S
Imperial Valley press., 1944-05-14
G1sI35 sllZZ&3
Z NATIONAL LEAGUE

Games behind leaGer.
Fridays Results
Boston, 10; Pittsburgh, 3.
New York, 5; Cincinnati, 3.
Philadelphia, 9; Chicago, 3.
Brooklyn at St. Louis nigh9 j..
Imperial Valley press., 1944-05-14
Fight Results

HOLLYWOOD, May 13. CUP) -
Chuey Figueroa, 1873, piled up a
big lead in the early rounds Friday
night over Bobby Yaeger, 1877,
Newark, N. j., to win 10-round
split decision at legion stadium.
Matt Ogglesby, 1877, Los Angeles,
sent Eddie Marcus, 1876, Los Angeles,
sprawling for the count just l8
seconds after the opening bell
sounded.
Ralph Lara, l28, Gardena, Calf
connected with a short right to
Gene Rooney's jaw in the third of
a scheduled six-round semi-windup
to win by a knockout.
Imperial Valley press., 1944-05-14
BROWNS BACK IN LEAD

The st. Louis Browns climbed
back into the American Leagues
first place with a Ga victory over
the Washington Senators. Jumping
on Early Wynn for five runs in
the first frame, the Browns settled
the issue in a hurry and gave
Bob Muncrief the victory.
The Detroit Tigers sent the New
York Yankees back into second
place with a 1914 trouncing South
paw Hal Newhouser allowed eight
hits in becoming the first left
handler to defeat the champions
this season.
Imperial Valley press., 1944-05-14
LEAGUE

-GdIIlt5 DtIINU IedLer.
Fridays Results
Detroit, 10; New York, 4.
Boston, 10; Cleveland, 8.
Philadelphia, 4; Chicago, 2.
st. Louis, 6; Washington, 4.
Imperial Valley press., 1944-05-14

jured in the second inning when
a ball split his finger. Leja was
called in from center field to catch
and Blair went to center. Ell Centro
was given only three earned runs.
Imperial Valley press., 1944-05-14
Beavers NibbLe Into Lead
Trail Seals Half
Game on Coast
BY UNITED PRESS

PortlandS Beavers nosed to with
in one-half game of the Pacific
Coast league lead by taking a 7-3
win over the Hollywood Stars Fri
day night, while the first-place San
Francisco Seals were splitting a
double header with the Seattle
RainierS, winning ll-2 and losing
1873
San Diego nipped Los Angeles.
10, and Sacramento topped Oak
land, 5-4 in ten innings in other
games.
The Beavers took a 81 lead in
their series with Hollywood, rap
( ping Ron Smith for a dozen hits
while Roy Helser was pitching nine
hit ball and tanning eight batters.
Larry Barton led the. Portland bat
ting attack. driving in three runs.
San FranciSco's Bob Joyce hand
cuffed Seattle with four hits in the
Seven-inning opener, which the
Seals cinched by banging Frank
lineup for four runs in the first.
The RainierS took a 2-1 series bulge
by running up eight tallieS on Bill
Werle in the nightcap, while Hal
Turpin was turning in a seven-hit
game. Dick Gyselman got four
singles in five tries for seattle.
Ed Wheeler's double and Del Bal
fingers single gave San Diego
lone tally in the ninth and broke
up a tight pitching duel between
Padre Chet johnson and Les An
geles hurler Ray Prim.
johnson struck out II Angel bats
men and allowed but three hits,
while Prim was giving up five. The
Padre win evened the series at .
all and put San Diego into fifth
spot ahead of the Angels.
Line scores:
First Game
San Francisco -. 404 800 Oil IA l
Seattle 100 200 O. 2 .
Joyce and Sprinz; Tincup. Elliott
(2) and Sueme, Buonarigo "a.
San Francisco Oh 600 OO0-3 7 6
Seattle ......... COZ 440 03X-13 Is
Werle, Flowers (5), Elliott (8)
and Ogrodowski: Turpin and Sueme.
San Diego .... 600 900 00l-l
Los Angeles 900 600 0O0-0 O
johnson and Ballinger; Prim and
FernandeS.
Sacramento -lO2 100 900 Is 13 O
Oakland 900 400 600 o. l
Fletcher and Rossi; Pippen and
LorenZ.
HOLLYWOOD ...- COL OOO 002-3 9 l
Portland ..-...- 020 010 31X-7 ~ o
Smith and Hill; HelSer and
Adams.
Imperial Valley press., 1944-05-14
Markets at a
Glance
BY UNITED PRESS

Stocks irregular. quiet
Bonds lower u. $. governments lower
Curb stocks steady.
Cotton steady.
Wheat steady.
Imperial Valley press., 1944-05-14

Line,Score
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-10-05
JAW Shotgun Tactics

THOSE are shotgun tactics pure.
L and simple. They must be cause
of deep shame to every decent union
man in Detroit.
They offer sorry proof that the
recalcitrants using them hold their
own immediate interests above the
military necessities of the nation.
They prove, too. that the JAW
maintenance workers cannot be a
we'll disciplined and we'll ordered or
ganization.
This newspaper has contended
repeatedly that to get full war pro-
duction from Detroit, the wartime
no-strike pledge should be kept, re-
gardless of the merits of individual
grievances.
In the present conflict the JAW
maintenance workers claim their
wage scale is beneath that of ALL
maintenance workers. They want the
scales equalized.
Surely they must know that if
their grievance has merit it will be
adjudicated promptly.
They have received always more
than a square deal from the federal
government.
They know that the WLB was not
created to snub them.
They must know, also - every
body else does-that never since the
beginning Of the war has it been as
imperative as it is now to get sup
plies promptly to our armies in
Europe.
Knowing these things, what sort
of Americans are they, in the name of
goodness, not to have foregone their
shotgun tactics and not to have con-
tinued to work and to press their
grievance in the orderly fashion pre-
scribed by law?
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-10-05
Retain SeIf-Government

The forces at work for thousand years TO
establish freedom and the right of people to
govern themselves finally eliminated in our
American civilization. For 80 years we have
been free
AS we come into this last phase Of the cam
palgn, | am confident that the people of our
country still are determined to be free
They still are determined to govern them
selves.
They arc going 10 crush, once and for all,
so completely that they shall never rise again.
these malignant forces which have taken over
the New Deal and the Democratic party.
The spectacle of the New Deal convention
IN Chicago, in which the delegates we're the
unwilling puppets Of Kelly-Hague- Flynn and
the temporarily absent Pcndergast-and they
in turn the puppets of Sidney Hillman who sat
behind locked doors in his hotel room in Chi
cago pulling the strings and defying the will
of true DemOcrats-wil fade on the pages Of
history but it will always be blot
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-10-05
Hits New Deal Labor POLICY

do not condemn the New Deal for promis-
ing American mothers and fathers that their
sons would not fight on foreign soil. and then
sending them abroad when America was so
viciously attacked
But | do condemn the President of the
United States for making such promise when
he knew that it likely could not be kept and
that he was making it to secure votes.
BY the sincerity Of such promises, we must
test the New Deal promises today.
Consider, too, the relation between govern
ment and labor.
l do not condemn the administration for
its legitimate efforts on behalf of the workers
of this country
But l do condemn the New Deal for its
favoritism among labor groups, for playing
one against another for political purposes for
bad administration of labor laws and for
political adjudication of disputes between
labor and management
Such tactics have resulted in strife and
strikes. They have actually lessened war pro-
ductiOn
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-10-05
Praises Business War Role

do not blame the New Deal for calling
upon the business interests of this country
which it had so maliciously condemned, to pro-
vide the materials of war. They have per-
formed magnificent and miraculous
production job
But | do condemn the New Deal for its
vicious and persistent attacks upon business.
1t was interested in something more than cor
recting abuses
1t was primarily interested in securing votes
and perpetuatng itself in power. Little thought
was given to the harm that resulted.
Consider also the relation between govern
ment and the citizen | do not condemn the
New Deal for asking for unusual powers with
which to prosecute the war.
But do condemn it for using those powers
to suppress the rights of the American people
and to subordinate them to constant bureau
cratic domination. That does not strengthen
the war effort 1t weakens it.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-10-05
Browder Joins HiIman

Other subvcrsive forces likewise have
wormed their way into the New Deal.
| refer to the Communist and eX-cOnvict
Browder, whom President Roosevelt pardoned
He now has joined forces with Hillman
Their stoogcs have been placed in important
departments Of the federal government to spy
and report.
They are seeking to tie the moose Of COM
munism, not only around the New Deal, but
around the whole American people.
If there ever was any doubt that the Hill
man-Browder group has taken over the New
Deal, and is trying to take over the country,
that doubt now has been removed
Recent events afford conclusive proof Let
us recall them briefly. "
On Sept 23. Mr. Roosevelt delivered his first
avowed campaign speech.
1t was a speech of evasion, of name-calling,
of mudded humor.
He tried to laugh off the confusion. incom-
petence, waste and bungling Of the New Deal.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-10-05
War Strikes Not Justified

There can be no justification for strikes in
wartime
Machinery for prompt and fair settlement
Of differences should be set up and administered
SO as to prevent such strikes.
Instead, the New Deal has actually caused
wartime strikes For every delay in the pro-
duction of necessary war goods, lives are
endangered and brave men die
! have the highest praise for those who
nave kept everlastingly on the job-and for
the leaders of American labor who have tried
TO PREVENT work stoppages.
The second issue which the New Deal can
not escape is its record Of broken promises.
Let us now look atNhe promises Of the two
partlcs-and let us interpret them in the light
Of experience and the trustworthiness Of the
candidates.
Twelve long years ago. Mr. Roosevelt
promised to reduce the cost of government 25