davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1944-04-23
Doughton Will Send
SimpIified Tax Bill
To House Tomorrow
Hopes for Enactment
Before Lawmakers
Recess in June
BY the Associated Press,


Responding to the national
protest against the intricacy of
taxation, the House Ways and
Means Committee yesterday ap-
proved a tax simplification bill
to make it unnecessary for 30,-
10000 of the 50,000,000 indi-
vidual taxpayers to file an in
come tax return after this year.
Chairman Doughton said he would
introduce the legislation tomorrow
with view to putting it on the
statute books before Congress recess
ses in June for the national political
conventions.
If enacted by Congress, the pain
less tax" measure would:
l. Eliminate the Victory tax and
set new normal and surtax rates and
exemptions while keeping actual tax
burdens near their present levels.
2. Revise completely the withhold
ing system against wages and SAL
ries, effective next January /, to de-
duct from wage envelopes and salary
checks the full tax liability of per-
sons earning up to $5,000-thus re-
lieving the 10000 900 from the neces-
sity Of computing income tax re-
turns.
Others Would Be Aided.
3. OF the 100000 who still would
have to file returns, 100000 could
use simple tax table showing their
entire tax, and the others would fill
out returns in more detail but
simpler than the present long form.
The new rates would apply to final
1914 tax reports, due next March
Is, but the revised withholding sys-
tenn would not begin until 1945.
The revisions would mean larger
withholdings for most persons, but
Mr.. Doughton emphasized that I'm
creased withholding is not increased
tax burden. Withholding is not
taxation but method of collecting
taxes" The streamliner bill would
boost the burdens of some taxpayers
while easing the load for others,
particularly taxpayers with large
families.
Provides Short Cut.
The legislation would provide a
shortcut this year for 10000 900
taxpayers.
All those earning up to $4,000
and receiving not more than 500
from sources not subject to with
holding could file copy of with
holding receipt, furnished by the
employer, in place of the regular
tax return, listing dependents on
the reverse side and entering
amounts of "other income" if anv.
The Internal Revenue Collector
would calculate the tax and where
necessary either bill the taxpayer for
additional payment or issue a refund
check
Some 100000 now paying only
Victory taxes would become regular
taxpayers, paying at rates about
equivalent to their present Victory
tax, Mr.. Doughton said.
The measure would allow family
status exemptions and fiat deduc-
tlons of 10 per cent of income, in
computing the new taxes, the 10 per
cent being in lieu of present deduc-
tlons for other taxes, contributions
to churches and charities, and in
terest paid.
Any taxpayer in the class under
(See TAXES, Page A-12J
Evening star., 1944-04-23
See IA1DS, rage A-5.J
Sweden Refuses 10 Cut Off
Ball Bearings 10 Germany
By the Associated Press.


STOCKHOLM. April 22.-Sweden
delivered negative but concilatory
reply today to United States Min
lister Herschel V. johnson on the
American request that this country
stop delivery of ball bearings to Ger
many.
The Soviet government was re-
ported to have joined the United
States and British governments In
asking that Sweden cease the de-
liveries to Germany.
The government also announced
today, in communique, that it was
obvious that British restrictions
placed on diplomatic channels were
the result of the exceptional mill
tary situation" and, therefore, were
strictly temporary.
The statement, handed to British
Minister Victor Alexander Mallet,
said that in view of the circum-
stances Sweden would confine it.
self to a declaration that 1T cannot
consider these measures to comply
with international law or diploma
tic customs"
Evening star., 1944-04-23
Bomber Crashing in City
Kills 5, Burns ; Children
BY the Associated Press,

BY the Associated Press.
PHOENIX, Ariz., April 22.-Five
Army airmen were killed and Ave
civilians were seriously burned
three of them small children-when
a B-29 bomber spun out of control
and crashed at busy street inter-
section in East Phoenix today.
Capt. James A. Carvin, public re-
lations officer at nearby Luke Field,
reported the plane was coming in
for landing at Municipal Airport
when one wing dipped Unexpectedly
and struck power line.
Gasoline burst from it's tanks and
shoWered the home of Mary Ruiz,
65, igniting and severely burning
Mrs. Ruiz and her three grandchil-
dren, Stella. 5; Rosalie, 4, and Sam
uel, 18 months. An automobile
crossing the intersection was struck
by flaming debris, critically burning
the driver, Waldon Coleman, about
50 police said.
Names of the planes occupants
were withheld temporarily.
Evening star., 1944-04-23
) District Naval Units
To Save Technicians
From General Draft
Under 26 Group to Get
Commissions or Rotinas:
Army Approves Plan
BY MIRIAM GUTENBERG,

In a move to prevent the draft
from wrecking naval research
projects, the Navy will commits
sion or give ratings to men under
26 in three naval establishments
here as soon as they are drafted
and send them back to their old
jobs in uniform, it was learned
last night.
The Navy program was disclosed
while other war agencies still were
pickering over how many men under
26 they could hope to get deferred
in the critical activities approved
by the Inter-Agency Deferment
Committee set up to screen defer
ments of younger men down to
the most important war programs
and plants.
BY this one gesture, the Navy will
save approximately $50 youthful
scientific geniuses" and machinists
at the Naval Research Laboratory,
Naval Ordnance Laboratory and
David Taylor Model Basin.
Have Pact With Army.
Through an arrangement with the
Army, the Navy is assured that
none of the men will 60 into khaki
even if they can't meet Navy phy-
Slcal standards. The program will
go into effect only as each man
comes up for his preinduction exam
nation in the normal course of
events, which means within the
next few weeks.
Long under consideration as q
method Of holding the younger mer
on vital projects for which they
were specially trained, the move tc
get the men into uniform and re-
assign them to their civilian work
mad previously been prevented by a
year-old order from Secretary OF
the Navy Knox.
The Knox order specified that il
civil service employees of the NAVY
are commissioned, they should be
assigned to general duties and not
returned to their civilian Jobs.
Presumably, the concentrated at.
tack by Selective Service on mer
under 26, with few of them hkel,
Evening star., 1944-04-23
BY NEWBOLD MOVES, Jr

NAPLES, April % (By wireless).- -
Mario's story has been told before
but 1t still is a good story and is far
from finished. This is a report on
the Uncles' Clubs nephew at what
seems to be the close of a chapter
Of his life.
That chapter began one cold gray
afternoon last December when a
young captain and lieutenant of our
public relations Office here climbed
into a jeep. Mario was standing
beside them at the curb, Just look
ing at them with those terrific
brown eyes Of his and smiling-a
tiny ragamuffin covered with dirt
and scabies sores.
There were wooden sandals on
Evening star., 1944-04-23
Stimson Tells Editors
Only Disunity Can
Cause u. ). Defeat
Sees Tendency Toward
Rift Between Civilians
And Armed Forces

Secretary of War Stimson last
night warned the Nations edi-
tors that the enemy is eagerly
watching for signs of uncertainty
and disunity in this country and
that the only possibility of de-
feat for the United States in the
var lies in just such a rift be-
tween and military ana civilian
populations.
Mr.. Stimson added that he had
already detected signs of such dis
unity in a growing tendency on
the part of our people to set the
Army and Navy from those in ci-
william life.
The Secretary was one of several
Army and Navy leaders who ad-
dressed the American Society of
Newspaper Editors at the conclud-
ing dinner meeting of its 22nd an
nual session at the Statler Hotel.
Other speakers were Rear Admiral
Arthur w. Radford, assistant deputy
chief of naval operations; Rear Ad-
miral Francis S. Low, commander
of the 10th Fleet and in charge of
antlsubmarine warfare; Bal. Gen.
Laurence S. Kuter assistant chief
of staff of the Army Air Forces, and
Brig. Gen. William H. Wilbur.
Admiral Radford predicted that
the day when 1000 carrier-based
planes may be somewhat nearer
than the japanese think" He said
the Navy today is capable of strik-
ing with that many carrier based
planes at almost any spot in the
Pacific today.
Sees Raids on Jap Mainland.
"As our task forces grow big
ger and bigger, it is reasonable to
assume that, eventually, even the
shores of Japan itself will not be
safe from our sudden strikes and
destructive raids" he said.
Secretary of the Navy Knox, who
was to have presented the Navy
speakers, was represented by Un-
dersecretary James V. Forrestal.
Mr.. Stimson reminded the editors
that we are now approaching that
climax of our effort which will oc-
cur on the battlefields of Europe
when for the first time our armies
meet the masses of German Army
strength At that time, he said.
the enemy must be made aware of
the concentrated military power of
this country and her allies and of
the will of the United Nations to
make every bitter sacrifice to
break Germany"
AT such An hour" the Secretary
added, every symptom of vacilla-
tion, division or disunity on our part
will be eagerly watched for and
(See EDITORS, Page A-4D
Evening star., 1944-04-23
Berlin Says Russians
Are Massing 10 Link
Drive With Invasion
Moscow Reports Front
Quiet and Is Silent
On SevostopoI Bottle

FTNNs REJECT MOSCOW Peace
Offers. Page A-3.
By the Associated Press.
LONDON, April 22.-The Soviet
high command, in it's shortest
communique in months, said to-
night that nothing of any i'm
portance" occurred on any sector
of the eastern front today, and
the Germans explained this by
declaring the Red Army was
forming its lines for a big new
offensive in Poland to coincide
with an Allied invasion from the
west.
Late Soviet dispatches from the
Crimea said the Red fleet was clos
ing in to join land forces ringing the
big base of Sevastopol in a final as
sault, but this dramatic battle, last
reported rushing to climax was
ignored in the Soviet daily bulletin.
Estonian Action Reported.
The communique, recorded from
Moscow's broadcast, reported only
Friday night air raid on some
shale Oil refineries in Estonia and
the destruction of 81 German tanks
and 54 planes on all fronts during
Friday.
A later supplement to the COM
munique said the Germans twice
attacked southwest of Narva. Es-
tonla, but were forced to retreat"
and lost 300 dead.
Southeast of Stanislawow in Old
Poland, it said, a German infantry
battalion lost 200 dead in a vain
effort to capture a hill.
Although silent on Sevastopol It
added that naval aircraft sank q
German landing barge, patrol cut
ter and 2,000-ton transport in the
Black Sea.
Quiet Before the Storm"
Berlln's touted military COM
mentator, Martin Halensleben. said
the Eastern front was going
through "the quiet before the
storm" Although the Russian drives
have been brought to a standstill "
he said, the Red Army has massed
troops from the lower Dnestr to the
Pripyat Marshes at the top of the
| Ukraine
Preparations for Forthcoming
great battles are continuing on both
sides" he said. "and the Soviet high
command apparently makes prep
aratlons to synchronize the impend-
ing Anglo-American invasion with a
large-scale invasion of their own"
1t. Dimitri Nikolaev, correspond
ent for the official Soviet Navy pub
llcatlon Red Fleet" in Moscow,
wrote from the Crimean front that
Russian naval forces were massed
at the entrances to Sevastopol.
The army, he said, has captured
dominating hills" at the approaches
TO the big Crimean stronghold, de-
spite German long range guns which
laid down a heavy fire.
On the mainland the Germans
and Hungarians, by Berlin account.
were engaged for the fifth straight
day in a counterthrust southeast of
StanlslawoW in Old Poland. The
Germans have reported strong So
Wet concentrations in that sector.
Evening star., 1944-04-23
Networks Will Garry
Special News From
New Guinea Tonight
Ey the Associated Press

ES tne ASSOClateQ PreSS.
NEW YORK, April % (Sun-
day.. "A special news an
nouncement will be broadcast
from Allied headquarters in
New Guinea at 7::30 o'clock to-
night, the four major radio net
works announced simultane-
ouSly early today.
No indication was given as to
the nature of the broadcast, but
the four networks said the re-
quest for time came from their
respective correspondents in
New Guinea and that their re-
quests were marked urgent"
The announcement is ex-
pected to be completed in
minutes.
Evening star., 1944-04-23
Partisans Claim Victory
Over Chetnik-N Force

BY the Associated Press.
LONDON, Sunday, April 23.-The
Yugoslav Partisans. broadcast a
communique early today saying
that Chetnik forces of Yugoslav
Gen. Draja Mihailovich with Ger
man support, lost 200 dead in an
unsuccessful attack at Jablanica
and Toplica.
The Partisans also reported de-
molition of sections of the Zagreb-
karlovac and Bihac-N -Novska rail-
way lines, and said that in Herzego-
vina tough battles were in progress
in the Gackotrebinje sector.
An enemy detachment was routed
near Gacko, the communique added.
1t credited Allied bombers with
hitting a Belgrade suburban rail-
way station, tin factory and air
drome hangers and barracks.
Evening star., 1944-04-23

safely to ports in the Fiji and New
Caledonia Islands.
The Cape San Juan was COM
manded by Capt. Walter M. Strong,
Carmel, Calf, the VISA said. He
ordered the ship abandoned only
after efforts to keep her af1oat
proved ineffective after 40 hours
of heroic work by 200 men who
remained aboard.
Plane RescueS 48.
Others, meanwhile, had taken to
lifeboats and RATS. The destroyer
landed 1858 Army officers and men
at Suva, in the Fijis, the announce
ment stated. The Meredith brought
443 others to Noumea, New Gale
donia.
The plane, a American Air
ways craft operated for the Navy
(See TRONp SuTpS pace A-sl
Evening star., 1944-04-23

(See STRIKE, Page A-3.)
Evening star., 1944-04-23

(See DRAFT, Page A-3.D
Evening star., 1944-04-23

(See O'CONNELL, Page A-6.)
Evening star., 1944-04-23

See RAIDS, Page A-5.J
Evening star., 1944-04-23

See MILK STRIKE, Page AID
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1944-08-18

The president of the bank in Ruth
erford, N. j., gives pertinent finan-
cial data to college girl inter-
viewer. The figures on savings and
demand deposits, war bond sales,
personal loans and sales on credit,
help the Committee for Economic
Development in forecasting the pur-
chasing power that will be availa BILE
to buy goods when peace returns.
omy in which more wealth will be
created and consumed year after
year, and in which the American
standard of living will steadily rise.
1.-The American economy after this
war must be such as to give every
encouragement to the small bust
nessman, for small business, and
particularly new enterprise, pro-
notes competition and flexibility in
our economy, and thus furnishes pro-
lection against monopolistic prac-
tees which maintain prices and re-
strict production :"
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1944-08-18

A student from Fairleigh Dickin-
son Junior college interviews the To-
cal hardware and paint dealer on
his postwar employment plans and
sales expectations. The college stu
dents did the survey work in coop
Grafton with the Bergen County, N.
J., Committee for Economic Devel-
opment.
tiative to assist in the solution of the
grave problems which demobiliza-
ton will present. But, in pursuing
its goal, CED's organizers welcome
the backing of every economic group
within a community: the business
men, the farmers, labor, public Off
Gals and any other persons who
might be interested.
Each City Makes Own Plans.
In proceeding with their work,
CED's organizers insist upon each
community developing its own plans,
on the principle that its members
are more familiar with the city's
circumstances than anybody outside
of it might be. CED actively en-
tiers the picture through it's guild
ance in organization, the distribu-
ton of findings of its expert research
departments, and its establishment
as clearing house for the exchange
of information gathered through its
countrywide operations.
AS an indication of the grass-roots
character of the communal post
war planning, CED's records show
that IS per cent of the cities organ
lied are under 10000 population, and
in the typically rural state of South
Dakota, for instance, 100 out of 172
communities engaged in the pro-
gram have less than 1900 people.
The working of the program may
be best explained by study of its
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1944-08-18
80, z1laasOUkPa TIE 80
Rez2zEl4 4H9 U.s.

A little paraffin on a sticky win
dow cord will be found helpful.
To keep cookies fresh longer,
add a tablespoon of jam or jelly
to the dough.
Coarse sawdust put in a hens
nest is more satisfactory than
straw or hay for the hens do not
pick or scratch the sawdust out.
With the use of hand spray
or even the garden hose, starched
clothes may be sprinkled right on
the line. Roll them up as they are
taken from the line.
When having difficulty in OPEN
ing fruit jar with a metal
top, place it upside down in hot
water and leave for minute or
two and try again. The metal top
will usually expand and loosen
readily.
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1944-08-18

fall and winter, when farmers gen.
orally do most of their land pur-
chasing. They have time to look
around and bargain then.
Only the very young farmers of
today cannot remember what took
place in the farm land boom Of the
last war, and the two years that
followed that war. 1t took five years
then for the national index of land
values to climb from a level of 124
in 1915 (the average for 1935-193s
equals 1907 to the 2O5 level in 1920.
Those figures are March l averages
for the nation in the years men
toned. That was a climb of IS
per cent.
Started in 1912
This time the inflationary move
ment did not start until 1912. It
began from somewhat lower level
OF values, as the chart accompany
ing this article shows, and for the
first two years the rise followed
closely the pattern of 1916 and 1917.
But beginning last winter, the rise
in the third year of increase has
been far more rapid than in the third
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1944-08-18
Committees for Economic Development
Plan to Maintain Employment After War

planning Wlthln his region, ana as
evidence of the value of the survey,
consultations with Governor Thye OF
Minnesota have resulted in the
states consideration to locate public
works projects within those areas
where labor SURPRISES may develop.
In organizing communal planning
the country over, the CED does
not hold that such preparation will
be sure-fire cure for the employ
ment and business problems that
will develop upon military and in
dustrial Rehabilitation after the
war.
The CED does not overlook the
importance of industry quickly re-
converting to civilian production to
absorb the mass of employables, nor
does it ignore the fact that any
solid stability can be expected I'M
less agriculture is assured an ade-
quate market at fair price.
On the question of reconversion,
CED stands for the swift settlement
of cancelled war contracts to pro-
vide industry with funds with which
to finance the switch back to civilian
goods. At the end of the war, CED
figures that about 10 billion dollars
of claims will be entered against
the government, of which probably
2 billion dollars will be subject to
dispute.
Government Surplus Sales.
Besides reconversion, CED also
advocates the orderly disposal of
surplus war material, so as not to
repeat the mistakes that followed
marketing of such goods after the
last conflict, with the subsequent
disturbance of normal channels Of
production and distribution. In this
respect, the government already has
established an agency for handling
surplus goods, with emphasis placed
upon a maximum return for any
material.
In recent address, Paul G. Hoff-
man, chairman of the board of trus-
tees of CED, declared:
"Private business cannot by any
means do the entire job of provid-
ing postwar employment. But it is
aware of its obligation to make its
maximum contribution to that end.
With labor and agriculture, it hopes
to see reestablished after this war
free and growing American econ
omy
what is Americas postwar goal
for civilian employment? The Com
mittee for Economic Development
places that figure at from SO to Sc
million jobs. That is to 10 mil
lion more than in 1910, the banner
year in all our prewar history
1T is clear that private bust
ness-in which include agriculture
and the professions-must provide
employment for the overwhelming
proportion of those Americans who
after this war will be seeking jobs.
No governmental employment yet
planned-let alone blueprinted-can
take up more than a fraction of
the unemployment slack that would
exist if private employment were
not able to go full steam ahead
when the war ends
Opportunity for Profit.
meanwhile, the Committee for
Economic Development is COM
mitted to these beliefs:
THE American economy after
this war must be predominantly one
of private enterprise, in which the
opportunity for fair profit will en-
courage businessmen to expand
present operations and to undertake
new ventures.
1.-THE American economy after
this war must be an expanding econ
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1944-08-18

year of the previous boom. In the
first three years of the World War I
boom the rise was 26 per cent. In
the first three years of the present
boom the rise has been "a per cent.
If the upward climb continues un-
til next March at the same rate,
the rise for the first four years of
the present movement will be more
than so per cent, compared with SO
per cent in the first four years of the
previous boom. That would mean
that initiation of farm land values
is sneaking up on us much faster
than last time, and threatens to 60
very much further, for the war is
still in progress, infationary forces
are much greater than rs years ago,
and we already are beginning to re-
lax price rise restraints.
Let me quote from the bulletin on
the subject issued by the USDA bu-
reau of agricultural economics in
March, this year. 1t says:
''In the principal agricultural
areas the value-stimulating forces
are increasing in strength, while the
value-curbing influences are weak
ening. The predominant forces op-
Grating in the farm real estate mar
ket stem from conditions OF high
farm commodity prices, record
farm income levels and growing &C.
cumulations of funds available for
land purchase"
The analysis points out that de-
mand deposits of country banks in
20 leading agricultural states in
creased 80 per cent during 1913, and
by January, 1914, had trebled from
1899. This condition continues to
grow, as farm income from market
ing this year compares well with
the all-time record of last year.
There is a bumper wheat crop at
excellent prices, and other crops
promise high cash yields.
Increase in Transfers
The most alarming feature of this
movement is the increase in the
number of transfers for speculative
PooCS. 1tCSCAlll6 d1tG1 Ollly
periods of ownership is increasing,
especially in the Pacific and North
Central regions. In the latter part
of last year, almost three-fourths of
the tracts resold were held for less
than a year, and over two-fifths for
less than six months.
Despite earnest pleas made to halt
this boom through purchase Of war
bonds, instead Of land, the only
promise Of effective action yet to
appear has been the bill introduced
by Sen. Guy M. Gillette OF Iowa,
which would impose a 80 per cent
tax on profits made from the sale
of farm land held less than two
years.
Some responsible officials fear
that if the fun vigor of the present
boom is publicized, it will lead to
greater speculation, with resulting
stimulation Of the boom-and great
er disaster when values collapse.