davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1944-05-09
Brackets Avery and Lewis

y
To the Editor of The Star:
There has been much ado, because
our Government handled Mr.. Avery's
'sitdoWn strike" in the manner pre-
scribed by an act of Congress to deal
with recalcitrant labor or management
during the war. This is the act passed
by Congress to deal with Mr.. Avery's
alter ego, Mr.. Lewis, in similar situs-
ton that caused q work stoppage. 1t
would be unreasonable to expect our
Government to make an exception in
the case of Mr.. Avery, whose actions are
so much like Mr.. Lewis.
Nor was it an accident that Mr.. Lewis
forced Congress to pass an act that
would enable our Government to deal
with the Lewises and the Averys. The
records of both of these men show that
they have put their own interests and
glory above the welfare of their coun-
try, and it is only in this light that their
willful acts properly can be estimated.
Management and labor as whole
have accepted the restrictions placed
upon their rights to strike or to en-
gage in lockouts in order that there
would be no stoppage of the production
of war materials. Their acceptance of
Government arbitration in place of
peacetime methods of settling their
differences has made 1T possible to
create a production record that has
won the highest praise from our Allies.
1t then follows that on the "eve" of
the opening of the second front" we
cannot permit any individual or group
to engage in actS-whether for personal
aggrandizement or to further their
political careers - that endanger the
common unity by fomenting strife and
diScord. Whether these persons accept
the responsibility for their behavior or
not, the fact remains that in contribut-
ing to acts that result in the curtail-
ing of our production efforts they give
e aid and comfort to the enemy. Let us
not waste too much time and energy
on the Averys and their counterparts
the Lewises but consign that task to
furture historians who will be in a better
position to evaluate their role in the
war against Hitler and Toto
RICHARD STEIN.
Evening star., 1944-05-09
Underground Bottle

While the American air arm and
the RAF wage epic battles against
the Luftwaffe and massed fax for
control of the skies over Hitler's
European fortress, an equally fierce
though more subtle conflict is being
waged underground" Both, of
course, are preliminaries to the su-
preme test when the Hitlerian for
treSs directly is assaulted on every
side.
No part Of Nazi- dominated Europe
Is without its underground. While
this secret opposition is most wide
spread and best organized in the
occupied countries, from France to
Poland, 1t exists also in the satellite
nations and even in Germany itself.
This is one of the most serious
handicaps for the German high
command and, conversely, is an
important advantage to Allied grand
strategy The obvious objective of
the Allies is to synchronize the
underground with the forthcoming
invasion at its maximum potential,
while the equally obvious German
aim is to disrupt the underground
on the invasion eve by the discovery
OF its leaders and wholesale round
up OF its membership
With nerves everywhere taut as
the proverbial bowstring, the under
ground is straining at the leash and
is prone to fall for" rumors or false
information which may lead it to
premature action. Himmler's Ges-
tapo, acting in conjunction with
local QuislingS, therefore deliber-
ately is conducting a program of
Indictment, including fragrant prov
ocations, fake sabotage, and even
aSSaSSlnatlonS of inconSequential
'collaborators." On the other hand,
the BIC and correlated patriotic
stations operating from Britain or
North Africa are beaming urgent
radio messages to the underground
branches warning them against
Nazi or QuiSling tactics and all the
elaborate trickery which is being
employed to confuse the patriots,
create disSension among them, evoke
diStrust or disilluSion of the United
Nations and bring the underground
into the open by premature action.
When the full story of this war is
written, one of the most fascinating
chapters will be that of the sub
terranean struggle between the true
underground and its fake Nazi
counterpart, using the under
grounds own methods against it
self. 1t is duel, perhaps even more
thrilling than that of traditional
Evening star., 1944-05-09

have penetrated enemy territory for
some distance.
German planes are making daily obser-
vation flights over the British Isles In
an endeavor to establish where the bulk
of the Allied shipping Is concentrated.
1t is impossible, of course, to prevent
these reconnaissance flights. But they
do not throw much light on the situa-
ton. From the available invasion bases
the barges and transports could 60 al
most anywhere between the Bay of Bis
cay and the Netherlands coast.
For the time being, the Germans
highly discussed rocket guns, which
many high-ranking British offlcials be-
lieved would spout hundreds Of tons of
high explosives at the invasion ports
themselves, have been silent. Some mil
itary observers are inclined to believe
these new weapons are not as damaging
when fired from distance of over 100
miles as they are supposed to be. Other
wise, the Nazis already would have
started blasting these bases which are
filled with ships ready to take troops
abroad.
But the concentration Of land forces
which is interesting the Allies even more
than activity by the Germans Is the
masSing of the Russian forces.
In all their public utterances the lead
ers of the Red Army, from Premier
Stain down, have indicated that soon
after the Allies begin the invasion Of
Western Europe the Russian armies will
start their own operations with the
principal .objectives Of Koenigsberg and
Berlin. 1t will be at leaxt another month
before the ground in Central and North
ern Russia is sufficiently dry to permit
a large-scale offensive.
But the present lul on the Romanian
front is accepted in military quarters as
an indication that the Russian general
staff is shifting its forces, from the
south to the north, in keeping with Its
leaders pledges to strike at the heart Of
the Reich in conjunction with the Amer
ican and British assault on the western
wall
Although only conjecture is possible,
1t seems logical to believe that the Rus
slams now are regrouping their armies
for massive attack in the center and
the north.
Evening star., 1944-05-09
A Friend

A life of devoted service will be
honored at Mount Saint Alban this
afternoon when the faculty, the
student body and many alumni of
the National Cathedral School for
Girls bid farewell to j. Archie
Thompson, Negro doorman for forty
years in the first building for educa-
tion erected in the close. He died on
Friday, and his body was granted
the right of a funeral from the
crossing of the great unfinished
church in solemn recognition of his
faithfulness and loyalty during four
long and busy decades.
The girls who now are pupils at
the school will sing their friend to
his rest. 1t is said that he knew
the name of every graduate since
the first went forth from the hill
three generations of "our young
ladies'" as he called them. No other
employe of the Cathedral had so
lengthy q record or was more de-
Servedly popular with his associates
of every age and grade. In practice
Mr.. Thompson was as truly a full
f1edged member of the family" as
any of his contemporaries, bishops
and deans not excepted. His love
for the whole inclusive work was
manifest in everything that he did.
It was natural even for strangers
to respond to it.
Perhaps it was for such watcher
at the gate" that the celebrated
Chinese master Lao-Tse, the "old
philosopher" wrote the classic "Tao-
Te-King," Ave centuries before
Christ. An ancient legend tells how
Yin Hsi. the warden at Han-ku,
petitioned the sage at the moment
of his intended departure: "You are
about to withdraw yourself out of
sight; pray you to compose for me
a book before you CO."
Mr.. Thompson.s "book" is in the
hearts of people, some grown and
some not, whose happy and valued
servant he was.
Evening star., 1944-05-09

and in elections to the Federal legis-
latIre, the House and Senate. A second
argument Is made-which seems pretty
specious-that the payment of poll
tax is not qualification" but "regu-
lation" or condition"
Well, If a tax to vote Is "regula-
tion,' so Is a registration requirement
and requirement Of six months or q
years residence in a State to vote. The
Congress, under such construction, could
do away with registration or residence
requirements. 1t might even 60 further
and set up regulations Of its own and
prohibit citizens of the States from
voting unless they conformed.
The second section of Article I of the
Constitution says: THE House of Rep
resentatives shall be composed of mem
bers chosen every second year by the
people of the several States, and the
electors in each State shall have the
qualifications requisite for electors of
the most numerous branch of the State
Legislature" This has never been
changed. It's the Constitution now.
Further when the Constitution was
amended to bring about the popular
election of Senators, exactly the same
language was used regarding the elec-
tors in the States.
The Southern Senator's have declared
their intention of preventing a vote on
the antipoll tax bill, even If they have
to fiilibuster. One of them, Senator
Ellender of Louisiana, who held the
floor in a filibuster against an anti
lynching bill for six days some years
ago, is prepared to speak for 100 hours
on this poll tax measure Others are
ready to help talk the measure to death.
The supporters of the antipon tax
bill have been able to line up q ma
jority of the Senate to vote for it-but
they have failed, according to the polls
of sentiment, to get a necessary two
thirds of the Senators to support a
cloture resolution. Without cloture the
bill cannot be brought to vote. The
prospects are for week OF debate,
vote on cloture, which will fail, and the
ultimate laying aside of the measure.
Evening star., 1944-05-09
This Changing World
By Constantine Brown

Under a veil of complete secrecy
which cannot be penetrated by either
side, the Allies and the Gefmans are
concentrating immense forces for the
final showdown in Europe.
We are guessing at the size of the
German concentrations in the same
manner the Nazis are guessing at ours.
The shrewdest and best trained intelli-
gence agents no longer can give more
than a hazy picture of what is going
on in the belligerent camps. The opera
ton centers which extend roughly from
the Dnepr River in Russia to the
Irish coast have been completely iso-
lated and communications have become
practically impossible.
: Here and there an agent might sneak
through, but his reports are generally
vague and must be pieced together on
the basis of previous knowledge and the
application of the powers Of deduction
of general staff officers.
So far as the western theater of oper-
ations is concerned, there can be no
strategic surprise The Germans know
the attack is coming and their own mill
tary men say they are ready for 1t. They
can make deductions as to where the
main blow will be directed on the as
sumption that the Allies will need one
or several large harbors to exploit their
conquest of a beachhead.
They also know that normally the AL
lies would strike in an area which offers
them the best and most extended sandy
area for their invasion and landing
'barges. Presumably the Nazis are con-
centrating their first defense forces in
such areas. But they do not know what
secret invasion devices the Allies may
have.
Past experiences show that the Allies
will be forced to attempt to get The
largest available harbors on the west
coast of Europe. 1t is possible, however
that smaller harbors would be as useful
as the large ones II new method of
bringing up reinforcements and supplies
has been devised by American and Brit
tsh technicians.
This explains why the German high
command has indicated in the last few
days that the real resistance to the AL
lies viii occur after we have landed and
Evening star., 1944-05-09
Balkan Strategy
By Maj. George Fieldins Eliot

The Russian communiques continue
calmly to report mo material changes
on the fronts" The Germans, how
ever, tell us of heavy fighting on the
Iasi front, where they report that the
Russians are trying to break through
to the southwark, toward the Galatz-
Focsani Gap
That there Is some activity in this
theater is borne out by the heavy
and repeated attacks which .SAllied
bombers have directed against the
Romanian railway centers in the Wal
lachian Plain, through which pass the
main railway lines by which German
troops in the Iasi area would normally
be supplied and reinforced, now that
the lines through Cernauti are cut.
This is notable as marking close CO.
operation between Anglo American air
power and Russian land power; but it
suggests a direction for the combined
Allied strategy which is rather curious
The Russian push toward the
FocSani-Galatz Gap makes sense as
secondary operation on its own merits.
1t imperils the Black Sea ports of
Romania, the mouth of the Danube,
the Ploesti oil fields and the Roman
ian capital, Bucharest. 1t threatens
to bring Russian troops to the frontiers
of Bulgaria.
All of these would be serious threats
to Germany under ordinary conditions.
But the immediate present is not an
ordinary time. 1t is time when a
great Anglo American attack is pend
ing against Western Europe. 1t is, there
fore, time when all that the Russians
n 10 I>o
attack, and closely co-ordinated with it,
AS previously pointed out in these
articles, the one front on which Rus
sian attack canont be temporarily ig-
nored by the Germans or held with
minimum forces is the front between
the Pripet marshes and the Carpathians.
Therefore, one would suppose that the
first reports of renewed Russian Of
fensive would come from the Howell
Brody-Stanislwow direction rather than
from Iasi
When we try to fit what is actually
happening-a reported Russian push in
the Iasi sector plus heavy Anglo -Ameri-
can air attacks against Romanian rail-
way centers-into the framework of the
combined Allied strategy as a whole, we
must assume either Cd that these oper-
ations are diversionary in nature, or
CD that they are part of a plan for
large-scale operations in the Balkan
theater, of which the Russian drive is
only one feature
If they are diversionary they may be
merely a preparation for a major Rus
sian push between the Pripet and the
Carpathians. The purpose would be
to draw German troops to the lower
Evening star., 1944-05-09

Romanian front, thus diminishing the
strength of the reserves available for
defending the Pripet-Carpathian front.
The alternative presented the Germans
would, Of course, be a Russian incur
sion into the Wallachian Plain, which
might bring about switch of allegiance
by Bulgaria and would set up direct
Russian connections with the Yugoslav
patriot armies, producing in sum total
a considerable threat to Germany from
the south, though not necessarily an
immediate threat.
X X
If they are. however, part of larger
plan, then the purpose of that plan
must be to convert this threat into an
immediate and increasingly dangerous
threat. That means not only Russian
advance into the Wallachian Plain, but
it must also mean an Anglo American
invasion of the Balkan Peninsula, either
by the Adriatic coast, or by the Aegean
The Adriatic coast seems more likely
just at the moment despite the tremen-
dous terrain difficulties, because air
support can be given, advance bases are
already occupied on some of the islands,
and the task of reducing the German
not be undertaken as a preliminary.
The supply and transport difficulties
presented by the mountains along the
coast still remain, but they can be partly
overcome by the cooperation of the
patriot forces, by the use of air-borne
troops and supply, and by special equip
ment and training.
From the point of view Of strategic
theory all this adds up fairly WELL as
long as no Anglo American troops are
committed to this enterprise, which
could be initially used to advantage
on the western front.
But the principle of concentration
must be kept in mind. If the Balkan
affair began to be a drain on the forces
available in the two decisive theaters,
east and west, then it would immedi-
ately become a strategic liability. In
1915, let us remember, the Allies could
achieve victory neither in France nor
in Gallipoli. because they could not
make up their minds as to which thea
ter should be the scene of their main
effort; concentration in either would
have brought success, while division of
force, effort and thought between the
two brought failure in BOTH
Hence a great Balkan offensive is
unlikely unless the forces available are
such that it can be carried on as an
independent operation, contributing di-
rectly to the success of the two deci-
sive otfensives and requiring no forces
which could be regarded as net deduc-
tions from the forces required to assure
success In the east and In the west
(Copyright, 1914. New York Tribune Ine)
Evening star., 1944-05-09
Letters to The Star
Mr.. Creel Wants the Germans
Educated" by Facts"

To the Editor of The Star:
In 1918 the Germans stood forth as
the unhappy victims of militarism,
pleading that if the Hohenzollern yoke
were lifted they would be seen as a
sweet, gentle, peace-loving people The
Allies fell for 1t, and straightway
hypocrisy stood self confessed. Two
and a half billions to the good on rep
arations, poor Germany" overthrew the
pitiful Weimar republic, and plunged
into another ferocious gamble for world
dominion.
Now the same bleat is being raised
again, backed as before by maudlin
sentimentalists and camouflaged pan
Germans This time it is Adolf Hitler
who is pictured as having imposed his
will on 60,000,000 people. Once Hitler
ism is crushed, Germans will return
joyfully to their pipes, stems, music and
poetry. A lie in 1918, it is even more
of lie today. Just as a whole people
followed the Kaiser, heiling every bar
barity of German arms, so has a whole
people followed the Fuehrer, heiling the
odNdBCllCS tildb nave every OC~
cupied country into slaughter pen. The
evil teaching of centuries has done a
thorough job
Talk of mass determination is non
sense, but so is the babble about mercy"
and education" Of course the
German people must be re-educated, but
the one way that holds any hope is to
face them with inescapable facts. The
fact of defeat! The fact that their
leaders lied when they preached the
gospel of a master race and welt
macht! The fact that war is not holy
and that crime merits punishment! And
how else except by unconditional sur
render and effective military occupation?
After that, disarmament and demili-
tarization; the arrest and trial of all
war criminals; the return of loot and
payment for wanton destruction, and,
above all, the segregation of Prussia.
The courage of civilized peoples has
been tried and proved What lies ahead
is an intelligence test.
GEORGE CREEI,.
Evening star., 1944-05-09

espionage, with men and women Of
keen minds pitting themselves
against each other in a furtive and
remorseless conflict. This is one
more aspect of the mounting tension
which, in its grim complexity, ex-
tends literally from the catacombs
and the ocean depths to the strato-
Sphere
Evening star., 1944-05-09

Speculation on the timing of the
coming invasion Is nerve-racking,
but 1t is well to remember that the
longer the wait, the bigger it's
weight.
Evening star., 1944-05-09

toll Of japanese sea power, but death
has, too-death coming for its top
leaders, as it has come, first, for
Yamamoto and now for Koga.
Evening star., 1944-01-18
Catholic Economists
To Meet Monday

The Catholic Economic Associa-
ton will hold its second annual
convention beginning at 1:3o pm.
Monday at the Hotel 2400.
Speakers at the afternoon and
evening sessions include M. Meehan,
War Production Board, who will
speak on The Economic Dimen-
sions OF the Postwar Adjustment" !;
the Rev. Robert Shannon, Christian
Brothers College, st. Louis, The
Industry Council as an Instrument
OF Reconstruction; Alice E. Bour-
neuf, Federal Reserve Board, Mon
etary Institutions in the Postwar
World; James Twohy, Federal
Home Loan Bank Administration,
The Economists Opportunities and
Responsibilities: the Rev. DR.
Thomas F. Divine, dean of the
school of business administration
Marquette University, Milwaukee
outgoing president of the conven-
ton, and Msgr. John A. Ryan, Ma
tional Catholic Welfare Conference
honorary president.
DR.. Joseph Solterer, department
OF economics, GEORGETOWN Uni
versity, is chairman of the after.
noon session. The Rev. DR.. Wilfrid
PARSONS, Catholic University, will
be toastmaster during the dinner
session.
Election of officers will be held
at meeting of the Executive
council OF the association at 1890
a m. Monday. The installation will
be held during the evening session
Evening star., 1944-01-18
Soldier Vote Bills
Enactment Urged
By |nterfederation

Enactment Of legislation to enable
members Of the armed forces to
exercise their voting privileges In
the coming national elections and
future elections was urged by the In
terfederation Conference last night.
The resolution presented by Albert
Carretta Of Arlington called for "the
President, Speaker OF the House,
President of the Senate and govern
ing bodies of all States to indorse
legislation for all members of the
armed forces Of the Nation to exer-
else their voting privileges for the
duration of the present conflict as
though present in their own voting
district"
Harry S. Wender, president of the
District Federation OF Citizens As
Sociations, favored the bill despite
opposition by District delegate, who
wished service men and women OF
the District to be included in the
resolution.
The conference also indorsed the
Prince Georges Federation resolu-
ton requesting the War Department
to take measures in correcting con-
ditions causing floods around Peace
Cross, Bladensburg road and Cot
tage City. Fred D. Cast, Prince
Georges County delegate, who pre-
sented the resolution, said that dur
ing the early January rains Army
trucks were halted at Peace Cross
because of a three-foot barrier of
water.
In an informal ceremony after
the election Of new officers, DR..
Victor Myers Of Arlington, retiring
president, presented E. L. Bennett,
also of Arlington, with a leather
brief case. Mr.. Bennett, who served
in the office of secretary treasurer
for the conference, resigned after
II years service. He missed two
meetings in that time.
Off1cers elected for the ensuing
year were: Harry N Stull OF the
District, president; Joseph B. Matre
OF Montgomery, first vice president;
Walter F. Mulligan OF Prince
Georges County, second vice pres
ident; DR.. Thomas P. Martin OF
Fairfax, third vice president; Mr..
Carretta. fourth vice president; Mrs.
Florence Arnheim Of Arlington, Sec
retary-treasurer.
A motion by DR.. Myers favorinR
the publishing Of the minutes Of
the meeting to be sent to the men,
Der bodies was passed.
Opposition to the construction Of
any dams at Great or Little Falls
was voiced by Mr.. Wender. who said
1t would mar the beauty Of the falls.
The matter was referred back to
federation members.
The meeting was held in the Board
OF Trade conference room in The
Star Building.
Evening star., 1944-01-18
Infer-American Bar Unit
To Plan Mexico Meetinu

Plans for the third conference Of
the Inter-American Bar Association
in Mexico City next August will be
made at meeting of the Executive
Committee January 20 at the PAN
American Union, it was announced
today.
DR.. Carlos Sanchez Mejorada,
president of the association, and
Enrique Perez-verdia, assistant Sec
retary general, will attend.
Following the session there will be
a meeting of the section of interna-
tional and comparative law Of the
American Bar Association, under
craftsmanship Of Mitchell 3. Car
roll.
Speakers will include DR.. Leo S,
Rowe, director general OF the Pan
American Union; DR.. Sanchez Me-
jorada and Senator Burton, Re-
publican, of Ohio. A buffet supper
will preoede the evening program.
Evening star., 1944-01-18
II District Se|ectees
To Report Tomorrow

A total OF u District men will re-
port Tor active duty tomorrow in
three branches of the armed forces
among the rs men reporting to
tne Navy is Hiram B. Waters, 81, an
employe in The Star composinr
room Tor more than IS years. The
army will receive IS selectees and
the Marine Corps l.
Names appearing on the lists