davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1944-07-26
Wise Preparedness

The early appearance, rather than
the number of cases of infantile
paralysis in this area. has prompted
the conference called by Health
Officer Rutland for tomorrow to be
attended by representatives of the
medical societies, the hospitals and
some of the Government agencies.
Experience has taught that the
early appearance of the disease
may indicate an outbreak above
normal later on.
1t Is wise, therefore, to be pre-
pared insofar as preparations can
be made. The medical profession
still is handicapped by lack Of
means and knowledge for imme-
diate and relatively sure diagnosis
or treatment of poliomyelitis. The
wise precaution to take now is to
make generally available to re-
sponsible authorities the most re-
cent information regarding clinical
diagnosis. This, presumably, is the
chief purpose Of the conference
called for tomorrow. If, in addition,
the conference could agree on some
statement regarding the nature of
precautionary measures to be taken
by anxious parents, it will have
served another useful and practical
purpose.
Even should the prevalence of the
disease this summer be above nor
NAL, there is some comfort in the
knowledge that the number of vic
tins will be relatively small, and
that smaller still will be the number
whose infection is recognizable by
resulting deformities. Because it is
associated with childhood, because
of the permanent injuries it some
times leaves and because it has for
so long baff1ed medical science,
poliomyelitis occupies category Of
its own among the dreaded scourges.
Evening star., 1944-07-26
Pisu

thousands OF American bows knew
Pisa by name because of the Lean
Ing Tower. Few of them. however
can nave expected to see it with
tnelr own eyes. The number who
anticipated helping to take IT. hv
storm must have been zero. Yet the
cnance OF war has brought the name
OF the famous old city on the Arno
INTO the military history of the
United States to stay forever. The
rl1tn Army is smashing it's wav
through strong German fortihca-
tlons and by the time these words
are printed today may be in the
heart of the town.
fortunately, the principal build
lhgs bearing witness to the past
glory OF Pisa are grouped in one
relatively small portion of its area
Ihe American troops are entering
from the south side of the river
moving through the modern Via Wit
torlo Emanuele, crossing the Ponte
di Mezzo or its neighbor bridges into
the Piazza Garibaldi and gradually
attaining the medieval quarter
through streets dating back to
Etruscan times. 1t will not be until
they have reached its immediate
vicinity that they will appreciate the
Duomo and its supplementary edi-
noes. The cathedral proper rises
from pavement of white marble
and is covered without and within
with slabs of the same material in
black and white. Four tiers of COL
umnS adorn the facade of the
church, framing bronze doors of
magnetic beauty. Work on the
structure was begun by Buschetto
in 1868, but whether he himself was
the inventor of the Pisan style of
architecture is question: His sue
ceSsor was Rainaldo, a man of un-
doubted genius. The painters who
decorated the walls of the Duomo
included Andrea del Sarto, Sodoma
and Sogliani. Cimabue did the mo-
sale Of Christ in Heaven in the
vault of the apse.
The famous campanile, described
by Muirhead a. "ths most remark.
Evening star., 1944-07-26

land until such time as the liberated
country could freely choose the new
men to govern 1t.
This principle was embodied in the
now apparently moribund Atlantic
charter which was solemnly signed In
Washington in January 1912, by all
members Of. the United Nations includ-
ing, of course. the U. S. s. r.
The break In diplomatic relations be-
tween the Polish government In exile
and Moscow over what appears to be
trivial incident, In the light of the great
principles for which we are fighting, has
thrown q monkey wrench in the rela-
tions among the United Nations. Soon
after the break, Moscow created q pup
pet organization composed of Poles COM
pletely in sympathy with the Russian
objectives of incorporating the border
states into the U. S. 8. r. The moving
spirit Of this Soviet-created organiza-
ton Is Wanda Wasilewska, the wife Of
Alexander Kornejczuk, former Assist
ant Secretary of State of the Soviet for
eign commissariat and q now foreign
commiSsar of the nominally autono-
NOUS Ukraine republic.
-
1t Is this organization consisting Of
Poles completely subservient to the
Kremlin which has been entrusted by
Premier Stain with the government of
new Poland.
The question of the future boundaries
OF Poland is of only relative importance
as far as the United States is concerned.
Boundaries in Europe always have and
always will continue to be elastic We
are interested in the sovereignty of a
Polish government, elected freely by the
Polish people. The Polish government
in exile may not represent the pres
ent views of the Polish people, but its
existence is in accordance with the con-
stitution of Poland which has never
been rejected by the Poles.
The Polish government in exile was
not created by the Allies. The new
government has actually been created
by foreign power. AS such it is less
representative of the Polish people than
the government in London
During the Official visit of Polish Pre-
mier Stanislaw Mikolajczyk in WASH
1ngton last June President Roosevelt
recognized the sound basis of the Pol
1sh government in London. He endeav-
ored, somewhat timidly, it is true, to
bring about an understanding between
the Polish premier and Premier Stain.
He urged the Russian leader to receive
MlkolaJczyk at the KremIin and talk
matters over.
Out of this conversation Mr.. Roose-
veit hoped that some sort of an ar
rangement might be reached for skele-
ton independence of Poland and at the
same time satisfy Stains objection of
security on the Sovietjs western bor-
ders. The Russian premiers final an.
sWer to the Presidents friendly inter-
vention was his creation Monday of q
Polish puppet government.
Evening star., 1944-07-26

former Jndersecretary of State, has
warningly stressed in recent writ
ings and addresses.
Now that the necessary spadework
OF our diplomacy has seemingly
been done. 1t is reasonable to sug-
gest that the State Department take
the public more into its confidence,
giving US some of the reasons be-
hind it's Argentine policy and an
nouncing the line 1t intends to
pursue. Candor is needed in a de-
mocracy in order that its diplomacy
may be backed by an informed and
understanding public opinion. The
need for preliminary reticences
seems to be over.
Evening star., 1944-07-26
This Changing World
By Constantine Bro,rn

Polish soldiers under the command
OF Gen. Wladislay Anders are fighting
In italy for the common cause of the
united nations. Other trained Polish
soldiers In England may join the Amer
leans and British in France, Besides
these ground troops there are about
/, l2,500 Polish aviators In the Allied Air
Forces. participating in the air attack
over Germany and Western Europe
In italy the Polish divisions have done
we'll In the bloody assault on Monas-
tely Hill above Casino 5000 Poles were
reported killed. Only last week the
Anders forces occupied the important
city of Ancona Polish flyers have been
fighting the German Luftwaffe ever
since 1910.
Such facts are being recalled now in
Washington at a time when Premier
Stain has decided TO give liberated Po-
land government ready made" in
Moscow, composed principally of men,
bers Of the Union of Polish Patriots.
This organization is regarded as crea-
ton Of the Kremlin, claiming the right
to rule Poland because it is backed by
Moscow's political influence and the
The Russian victories are thrilling the
American people. The Germans appear
unable to Withstand the Red onslaught
in any section of the front The Nazi
armies, which at one time made their
foe pay dearly for every inch of recon-
quered ground. are now melting away.
If military victories alone could bring
about real peace the Russian victories
would be cheered even more loudly in
Washington diplomatic quarters.
But, unfortunately. in a global war,
peace is not obtained only by military
victories. The governments of the VIC
torious nations must piece together, in
manner acceptable to all the United
Nations, the debris caused by the Axis
aggression. Only frank cooperation by
all can achieve such an objective.
Poland is dramatic example The
war started because the great western
democracies would not stand for the
arbitrary dismembering OF a nation of
35,0OO,OO0 persons. The Poles caved in
few weeks after the war started be-
cause they were attacked simultaneously
by two nations totaling 260, 900 per-
sons.
The Poles continued, however, to fight
outside their own homeland At first a
handful OF ayiators who managed to
get away joined their British colleagues
In the desperate battle against the Luft-
waffle. Later, soldiers and officers who
escaped or were freed by Russia formed
contingents which now are flghting on
our side. A government composed Of
good, bad or indifferent Polish politi-
clans was formed in London. Regard
less of its composition, the Allies-in-
cluding Russia-recognized that govern
ment as the sole representative of Po-
Evening star., 1944-07-26
German Eastern Front
By Maj. George FieIdins Eliot


1t is probably premature to assume
that the whole German front between
Brest-Litovsk and the Carpathian
Mountains has collapsed and that the
German armies in this area are in
danger of destruction.
The extremely rapid Russian advance
between the two surrounding citadels of
Brest-Litovsk and Lwow rather has the
appearance of following up a swift
German withdrawal to. the line of the
upper Vistula River.
This line, as has repeatedly been
pointed out in these articles. affords the
Germans their best possible defensive
position once it is assumed that Brest-
Litovsk cannot be held Not until the
line of the Vistula has been definitely
forced and turned can we begin to speak
with assurance of German collapse on
this front. For the moment it will be
safer to assume that the Germans have
Tor once given up terrain which can no
longer be defended.
The really crucial area of the Russian
front is probably that north of Brest-
Litovsk. rather than the southern por-
ton. Here the key situation seems to
be occupied by Col. Gen. Georg Linde-
manns northern group of German
armies in the Baltic states.
Reports coming from neutral sources
suggest that there has been considerable
dispute within the German high COM
mand as to whether Lindemann should
be Withdrawn or should be ordered to
hold his ground. One report has it that
Lindemann is under arrest; possibly for
protesting against orders to hold on
But this, of course, Is just one of several
stories.
The facts seem to be, to Judge from
Russian reports, that whatever Linde-
mann's orders from his Fuehrer may be,
his men are still holding the front
between Lake Peipus and Dvinsk, where
recent Russian advances have been
comparatively slow and quite clearly
are being strongly opposed Dvinsk, the
key position in this region, is still in
German hands, though Pskov, at the
southern end of Lake Peipus, has fallen
to the Russians.
Farther south the fortreSses of Kaunas
and Bialystok. guarding the approaches
to East Prussia, are also firmly held by
the Germans, and the bolt position"
between them is holding fast But be-
tween Dvinsk and Kaunas there has
been . deep Russian penetration into
Latvia, with its general axis Of advance
Evening star., 1944-07-26

Loyalty, and to waste no Polish blood on
revolutionary adventures. Actually. the
Communists are emerging as the mod
crate wing Of popular front
The most remarkable thing about
this government, which affords the basis
of future collaboration between the
western powers and Russia, is that
under the Russian aegis close collabora-
ton Is established between the revolu-
tionary Socialists and the Communists.
In the past the Social Democrats have
been the most vigorous anti -Commu-
nlsts OF progressive European factions
1t Is clear that Stain is encouraging
democratic coalitions, attempting to
avoid anything of bolshevist flavor.
In harmony with that the Soviet gov
ernment has just announced that it
will refrain from establishing any So
Wet institutions In liberated foreign ter
ritories. -.... ....
The most urgent reason is the Soviet
Unions far better estimate of Hitler
and Naziism than any of the western
powers have shown. The purge of
Reichswehr generals means socially the
beginning of the liquidation of the Ger
man upper classes and the remaining
cultural leaders. The general mobiliza-
ton just announced. to be begun under
Goering, not only of Germany but of
occupied territories, will mean a wild
nihilistic Nazi bolshevism all over Eu-
rope.
In this situation Russia will emerge
as conservative and stabilizing factor.
1t Is still possible for the Polish gov
ernment in exile, or for many of its
members, to come to terms with Russia,
and it is urgently necessary. not only for
the welfare of Poland but of all Europe
and for relations between the Anglo
American powers and Russia.
released BY the Bell Syndicate 1ncA
Evening star., 1944-07-26
Kaleidoscope

The mirrors tilt and spill bright fakes
OF colored glass
Into neaD shapes, as stars Or foscers
OF fantastic snotD,
As silent freDorks toould catch a childs
young eye
With breathiess inonder Of a ,porld
that only he could knoD.
Flame red, clear amber and the blue
of iris bloom
Break and resolue again toithtn the
toy kaleidoscope,
As In its later years the disillusioned
heart toiH break,
But from its splintered fragments build
another hope.
SO iDith our days: The brittle present
moment falls
And skaters on the darkened mirror
OF times stream,
Epen as the beautiful and slender glass
illusion breaks,
But broken ever forms into 8 aetpeS
dream.
FREDERICK EBRIoHT..
Evening star., 1944-07-26


In northweSterly direction. 1t is this
penetration which threatens to reach
the Baltic shore and cut of Lindemanns
group Of armies.
Now In normal conditions, what one
would expect would be a counterattack
ny Llnoemann in southerly or south
westerly direction from Dvinsk Linde-
mann has 20 to Is divisions probably the
best divisions in the Ger16an Army at
the moment because they have not been
fghting very heavily and have had a
chance to fill their ranks, carry out
training programs and perfect their
equipment. He ought to be able to hit
the rather extended Russian flank be-
tween Dvinsk and Kaunas fairly hard
blow; and having done SO, he should be
able to manage the withdrawal of the
bulk of his forces in q southwesterly di.
rection toward East Prussia, taking up
position along the Niemen between
Kaunas and the sea. This is the most
useful way in which Lindemann's army
group can now be utilized by the Ger.
mans.
With this reinforcement, it should be
possible for the German high command
to establish East Prussia as a great lake
encircled fortress, the bastion of their
left flank against the Baltic, and to
hold the short line south from the East
Prussian border - perhaps including
Bialystok, perhaps rather to the west
ward OF that point-to Warsaw and 80
along the upper Vistula to the Car
pathian mountains.
But If Lhdemann Is cut of and lost
through stupid delays and senseless
holding of every meter Of ground" then
1t would seem to be impossible for the
Germans to prevent the penetration of
the Russian armies into the Insterturg
gap between the Niemen and the lakes.
the highly defensible southeastern from
tier line OF East Prussia will be turned,
and the German left flank must rest on
the fortresses of Konigsberg and Allen
stein.
The Immediate fortunes of the Ger
mans on their eastern front, therefore,
now depend on two points: The holding
OF Warsaw and the line Of the upper
Vistula south Of warsaw to the noun
tains, and the extrication Of Linde-
mann's army group from the Baltic
States, bringing 1t into line along the
Niemen and the East Prussian from
tier.
tccpyrisht 1914. New York Tribune lnsJ
Evening star., 1944-07-26
WiIlkie and Wallace

Considerable nonsense is being
written these days in an effort to
draw parallel between the political
misfortunes that have befallen Vice
President Henry Wallace and Wen
dell Willkie, the 1910 Republican
presidential candidate.
Certain commentators, for rea-
sons best known to themselves,
would have us believe that both
Willkie and Wallace, the liberals"
Of their respective parties, were con-
demned to political exile by the
professional bosses in defiance of
the wishes of the little men" This
is not true. In sense Willkie and
Wallace do represent, though not
exclusively. the so-called liberal
wings Of the Republican and Demo-
cratic parties. It is also a fact that
no love is lost between them and
the professional politicians of their
own parties. But there the parallel
ends. and he who would pursue 1t
further will find himself on very
thin ice.
Vice President Wallace went into
the Democratic convention with a
large measure of popular support,
and it was as the grass roots" can
didate that he made his determined
bid for denomination He was beaten
because the Democratic professional
politicians, acting with the approval,
II NOT at the urging. of President
Roosevelt, turned thumbs down
on him.
Nothing of this sort happened to
Mr.. Willkie. The end came for him
after his crushing defeat in the
Wisconsin primary, long before the
meeting Of the Republican conven-
ton. He was beaten in Wisconsin,
not by the Vaccinations of party
bosses, but by the rank-and-file of
Republican voters, and this defeat
was so overwhelming that Mr..
Willkie himself withdrew from the
race and requested that his name
not be presented to the convention
as candidate for denomination.
That is the undisputed record in
this matter, and those who would
have us believe otherwise are simply
miSrepreSenting the facts.
Evening star., 1944-07-26
Polish Puppets

The Soviet government, in an
nouncing It's intention to enter into
an agreement with the new Polish
Committee of National Liberation
for the civil administration of
liberated Polish territory, serves un-
mistakable notice on the rest of the
world that it proposes to settle East
ern Europes problems in its own
way.
There does not appear to be any
thing that the other United Nations,
especially Great Britain and this
country, can do about it. 1t is the
Red Army that is driving the Ger
mans from Poland The SovietS, to
be sure, have had very substantial
support from the United States and
Britain. but there is no escaping the
fact that it is the Russian Army
which is liberating Eastern Europe
and tearing the Wehrmacht to
Shreds. AS result, the word of
Marshal Stain becomes the law of
the east. He can make whatever
decisions he pleases, and the neces-
sites OF war prevent us from oppos-
ing them.
There is small likelihood that this
state OF affairs will have an adverse
erect on the prosecution of the war.
Germany remains to be finally
beaten, and the necessity for full
military cooperation continues un-
disturbed by unfortunate political
developments. But it is not a good
omen for the peace.
What Russia has done here. In
effect, is to recognize puppet Polish
government. It refuses to deal with
the Polish government in London.
which is the only Polish government
recognized by the United States and
Britain. The Soviet government, so
lar as can be ascertained has come
10 terms with the puppet regime
without consulting the United States
or Britain, and apparently has
oluntly rebuffed President Roose-
velt'S efforts to effect some recon-
Citation with the legal Polish gov
ernment. And Stain has done this
at the same time that he expects
and receives fully representative
voice IN the decisions affecting Italv
and Western Europe.
1t also should be noted that tho
Soviet government, in recognizina
the new Polish committee, appar-
ently considers that the dispute as
to territory east of the so-called
Curzon Line has been automatically
settled In its favor. The official
statement on the decision to treat
with the puppet group emphasizes
that Russia has no designs on Polish
territory.' But this plainly refers
10 the Polish territory that remains
after the area in dispute has been
incorporated in the U. S. S. R., and
Tor all practical purposes this is
settlement" imposed by force of
arms on Poland.
We may hope that the future will
produce softening OF this picture
as 1t appears today. But there is
nothlng to be gained from self
deception. Russia apparently has
embarked on course which does
nothing to encourage hope for
peace based upon mutual trust and
real international cooperation. She
mas also committed herself to policies
wnlch the United States, while prob
aoiy obliged to accept them, cannot
possibly indorse in good conscience
Evening star., 1944-07-26
Showdown With Arqentinu

The long-gathering diplomatic
crisis between our Government and
the military regime ensconced at
Buenos Aires is apparently about to
reach a climax. This was clearly
forecast by Secretary Of State Hull
in his press conference on Monday
He there took occasion to announce
that identic notes had been sent to
the other Latin American govern
mentS explaining the policy of the
United States towards Argentina.
The text of this communication was
not published, but it was intimated
that its contents had been approved
in principle. before formal issuance,
by most of the recipients. While
Secretary Hull did not mention Ar
gentina by name to his newspaper
audience, his remarks undoubtedly
served notice that the United States
considers the Argentine regime
headed by General Edelmiro Farrell
to be working for the benefit of the
Axis powers and against the inter
ests of the United Nations and the
other American republics by its re-
fusal to collaborate in the Pan
American war program. The in
ference was that Washington had
decided irrevocably not to recognize
or deal with the Farrell regime.
That Buenos Aires considers Sec
retary Hull's announcement tanta-
mount to a breaking of normal
diplomatic relations is shown by it's
prompt recall of Adrian Escobar,
Argentine Ambassador to Washing
ton. thus replying to our recall Of
Ambassador Armour a month ago.
Presumably these diplomatic ges-
lures are the prelude to more
decisive moves, the general supposi-
ton being that they will include
some degree of economic sane
tions." But any such economic
pressure cannot effectively be con-
fined to the United States. 1t must
include Britain and Latin American
nations, especially Argentina's i'm
mediate neighbors.
This international aspect is doubt
less the reason for the State De-
partment's cautious policy during
the past year. Britain is, to a con-
siderable degree, dependent upon
Argentina for it's imports of meat
and grain, which would cease with
economic sanctions. Likewise, huge
amounts of British capital invested
in the Argentine might be exposed
to confiscation. But an understand
ing with London can logically be
inferred by the State Departments
present moves, preceded by the de-
parture CT the British Ambassador
to BuenoS Aires and his conferences
with the department here in Wash
ington en- route to London, where
he has now arrived.
Similar progress in lining up the
Latin American republics may be
taken for granted. This was needed
in order to obviate i'll feeling from
merely American and British action.
The touchy nationalisms OF Latin
America require delicate handling.
Indeed, 1t is this sensitive chord
which the Farrell regime harps upon
IN order to rally Argentine patriot
ism behind its foreign policy. That
Is the point which Sumner Welles,
Evening star., 1944-07-26
Teachers SHORTAGE

Prom the Topeka Capital
High taxes and high living costs are
likely to cotinue for some time. So will
the teacher shortage, unless salaries, re-
tirement pay and Job security are gen.
orally improved. Once teachers have
tasted of the fruits of decent living
wage, it's going to take more than .
red apple to lure them back 10 the class
room.
Evening star., 1944-07-26
The Eternal Bow
BY Dapid Laurence
From the Army Publicity.

From the Army Publicity.
Mothers accustomed to searching
Johnnie's pockets before the corduroys
60 into the washing machine will not
be surprised to learn that the Army post
laundry follows the same procedure.
The small boys love of stuffed. pockets
carries over into his life in Army bar
racks, as attested by laundry officers at
Camp Atterbury, Ind.