davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1944-04-03
Dorothy THOMPSON

for fighting each other instead Of unit
ing for common purpose, But In
fundamental issues they are unified,
and the Italian program is not much
different from that of Gen. de GaulIe.
Italy having, unlike France, great
lattfundia, comparable to the Hungarian
or East Prussian estates, demands a
drastic land reform to break these
estates into family-sized farms. In that
all parties agree from Communists to
Catholic democrats. Nor is there any
disagreement about the socialization of
natural resources
And again, the rights of private enter
prise in all fields except those based
upon natural resources, and constitut.
ing in their minds natural monopolies,
are supported, even by the Communists.
~ EAk
The fight against the King and Ba-
dogllo Is made as a. point of honor
because of their previous support of
Mussolini, but behind it is the burning
question of the future social structure.
Whatever happens In Germany, when
Naziism collapses, neither bolshevism
nor pre-Hitler capitalism could be es-
tablished with any popular support.
Either could only be imposed. If we
may take the program of the Free
German Committee in Moscow, or
other programs put forth by Free Ger
man groups elsewhere in the world as
In any sense representative, it is fasci-
mating to see that they almost exactly
conform to the French and Italian pat
terns-a conformity which could not
possibly has been established by con-
sultation.
In fact, it is obvious that a spiritual
and intellectual revolution is in prog
ress which will manifest itself materially
at the end of the war
(Resealsed BY the Bell Syndicate, Inc.)
Evening star., 1944-04-03
Absent

The robins shake from OF their ,oings
The Warm. bright drops OF southern
rain
And set their course, unerringly,
For some far distant northern lane.
And, as their little airy fleet
Goes 10inging sUtttly from, my sight,
feel the age-old urge OF spring;
My heart goes 1Oith them in their
flight.
Each cherry tree in Washington
WIZ soon put on a she'll pink go,Dn,
Awakened elms 1OiH lift their arms
In benediction on the to,Dn.
DogDoodS tDiH stand like louelu maids,
In DeStal robes OF ptrgin White,
And Judas trees, in sunset hueS,
Giue 1aded eyes a neW delight.
The south pind's gentle touch wiH
Clothe
The limbs that ,ointry blasts lott bare.
1t 1Dill be spring In Wdshington-
And ! not therei And I not there!
ANNA M. PRlESTLEY.
Evening star., 1944-04-03

Today, however, the Russians are
pushing energetically into the Balkans.
This may open the way for attacks from
points In the Near East by the Allies
and eventually Turkey may find herself
In the war. From italian air bases and
naval concentration points a move
across the Adriatic into Yugoslavia has
long been thought possible II the Allies
wish TO exert pressure from that direc-
tion. Likewise q push through Greece
Is possible. The Balkan theater offers
. chance for junction with the Rus
sian .armies.
In the north. diversionary operations
could be employed against ,Na1 divisions
IN Norway and Denmark, where juno
ture Of operations with the Russians Is
also possible II the Baltic could be
out of the war.
The question Of where invasion of
France will come, In how many places
west, north and south, and whether the
invasion Of France will come before or
after other diversionary operations Is
something for Hitler to guess and any
one with map before him can see the
opportunities for surprise that are en-
bodied In the picture.
So far as the Channel coast is con-
cerned, movies have been captured from
German prisoners which show the depth
Of the fortiflcations in Northern France
erected by Hitler. Whether these can be
reduced from the air or only by heavy
field artillery or by both, or whether we
shall find a week spot for concentration
and break through as the Germans did
with the Maginot Line. remains the big
query to which everybody, including per-
shaps the Allied strategists, would like to
know the answersa1.+7 evs n
!. One thing is ceItain-the invasion has
IN ~ sense already! begun. The daily
pounding from the air which Northern
Evening star., 1944-04-03
Anything to Criticize

Wonders never cease. For years
the public welfare officials have been
criticized, in and out Of Congress,
because so many people were being
kept on the relief rolls. Now Repre-
sentative D'Alesandro, conducting
hearings on the Commissioners bill
to take away the Board of Public
Welfare's powers, makes public with
obvious approval anonymous COM
plants to the effect that the board
Is trying to reduce the number of
clients receiving public relief
The complaints lose much of their
Importance because of their anonym-
ity. But their use as evidence of
Board of Welfare deficiencies is in
dicative Of the confused atmosphere
in which the Commissioners bill is
being considered. The effort is to
high-pressure the Commissioners
bill by discrediting the Board of
Public Welfare, holding it RESPONSE
BILE for everything that may be
wrong in local administration of
public welfare.
The Federation of Citizens Asso.
Citations was well advised in refus-
ing to indorse the Commissioners
bill at its meeting Saturday night.
That bill, merely transferring power
from one board to another, will not
cure dissatisfaction over effective
ness Of the public welfare program.
It's main effect would be to give the
Commissioners exclusively a control
over jobs which is now shared with
the Board Of Public Welfare. It ad-
vances no plan to correct weaknesses
In basic welfare legislation, or to OBJ
tain more generous appropriations
for improving institutional care in
the District.
Evening star., 1944-04-03
Raider Winqute Passes

The death of Major General Orde
Charles Wingate in a plane crash
comes as cruel blow at crucial
moment. General Wingate was at
the height of an adventurous and
spectacular career. His jungle ex-
ploits of the past two years had won
him the title of "The Lawrence of
Burma" and at this very moment
the air-borne commandos he led
are battling the Japanese for the
mastery Of Upper Burma, in con-
junction with the ground troops
commanded by our own General
Stilwell. The success of that dar-
ing campaign is now challenged by
the Japanese counterthrust over the
Assam border at the Allied line of
communications. With the strategic
scales thus wavering in the balance,
the loss of this master Of irregular
tactics is bound to be keenly felt.
Orde Wingate was one of those
eccentric geniuses which Britain
produces and to whose achievements
the far flung British Empire is
largely due. Himself a relative of
the famed Lawrence of Arabia"
and nephew Of Sir Charles Win
gate, a noted empire builder" of
the last century, Orde seems to have
had the taste for adventure in his
very blood, and this inherited trait
was stimulated by tradition and
training. Born in 1908, he was too
young to get into the first World
War, but embraced a military career
and was soon in imperial service at
the empires troubled outpostS His
peculiar talents first attracted at
tention when he organized might
fighter squads" and cleaned up Axis
paid Arab saboteurs Of the oil pipe
line across the Syrian Desert from
Mosul to it's outlet at Haifa in Pal
estine. That was in 1887. The out
break of World War II found him in
England, where he did yeoman serv-
ice improvising novel methods of
defense against the LuftWaffe.
However, his superiors realized
where he could best be used, so he
was flown to Ethiopia to organize
the native rising against Italian
rule. His success was amazing. His
tiny force, dubbed "Gideon's Band"
grew like the proverbial SNOWFALL,
Evening star., 1944-04-03
Dapid Laurence

France Is getting will intensity, but II
the Nazis think that when the landings
begin the British and American air
forces are going to stop destroying fac
tories and raiding cities In Eastern and
Central and Southern Germany they
are much mistaken. Enough air power
Is available now to carry on both
strategic and tactical air bombing at
the same time. Raids Of 500 to 1000
planes will be striking at German fac
tories with increasing intensity every
week while other air forces protect. land.
ings and bemb fortifications.
Air power will have the chance Of its
life to demonstrate It's use along with
troops. The outcome need not be In
doubt. The only factor which may offer
surprise to the American people is the
length Of time the whole thing viii take
it may require until the autumn of
1945 to force Germany's surrender and
the percentage in casualties will be
heavier than we have thus far expert
enced anywhere.
The war against Japan is going fast
er than anticipated, so far as the opera
tions Of our Navy are concerned, but
the effectiveness of a pincers movement
from the India and Burma side has
been delayed possibly a whole year by
the inability Of the British to spare the
necessary facilities for that operation.
The war in Europe still has priority.
The British Prime Minister was bit
on the defensive in his last speech In
his references to Burma and he en-.
deavored to emphasize the fact that Q
powerful fleet had been sent to the In.
dian Ocean. But this is not enough.
Meanwhile. the Japanese have taken ad-
vantage Of our delays. Except, how
ever, for the factor Of prolongation, the
result in Asia and In Europe will be the
same. The overall picture Is one that
calls for undiminished confidence, though
an early ending Of hostilities Is BY no
means assured. t'r1'f :,
Evening star., 1944-04-03

man fighting power--its industrial,
maintenance and transport organiza-
tions.
In order to overcome that remaining
third of the German Army We are go
ing to have to land q superior army on
European soil. Because Of the peculiar
difficulties attending such operations, we
must reduce the German air power, If
not finally and decisively defeat it, be-
fore we can begin our landing opera
tions.
That is what we are in process of do
ing now. A good part of our strategic
bombing is being directed against Ger
man air power targets.
Since our recent reverse at Casino, 1t
has several times been asserted in the
press that so-called "well-informed
sources" in Washington and London
were expressing encouragement over
the plans for invasion because Casino
had demonstrated that our air power
Evening star., 1944-04-03

fact that he did not deal with foreign
policy. But this part Of his speech was
foreign politics. For everything that
indicates the social future Of q major
belligerent is large factor in foreign
politics.
Mr.. Churchill, for instance, in outlin-
ing grandiose plan for public housing,
claimed the right of the government to
take all the land needed for it, with
compensation at 1899 values. And from
this and previous speeches, it Is perfectly
clear that Britain intends to develop a
largely planned economy in which pri-
vate enterprise, as during the war,
though maintained, will be made sub
servient to the plans and interests Of
the community as whole.
Consider, now, Gen. de Gaulle,s speech
in Algiers on March 18. 1t is plan for
semisocialist France. He promised the
outright confscation of unreasonable
war profits, especially of those fortunes
made by collaboration with the Ger
mans; the socialization of natural re-
sources and the key heavy industries
based on them, and the right of labor to
full employment. Again the idea is the
primacy of the general welfare over all
private interests Gen. de Gaulle is not
radical. In fact he belongs to the
same social class from which Mr..
Churchill comes. He can only be re-
flecting what he is convinced is the
minimum will of the French majority. a.
The Italian situation, that is basically
no different, has become acute At the
moment, and since Soviet recognition of
Badoglio, we have heard accusations of
unilateral action Of one power without
the others. But the issue Of the Italian
future is not changed by any of this.
Moscow blames the six Italian parties
Evening star., 1944-04-03

German resistance will be stronger at
some points than at others and our
plans will 60 wrong here and there.
But the real point to be remembered
is that in attacking the German-held
coast we shall be operating on a very
broad front. launching attacks at many
places simultaneously.
We shall be able to draw off where
German resistance is too strong and
we shall be able to push ahead in those
places where we succeed The fexibility
of our air power will enable us to con-
centrate 1t from hour to hour where it
is most needed, to cover Withdrawals
when these become necessary, to ex-
plot and expand successes.
This is very different situation from
that at Casino, where we were con-
fined to certain narrow frontages, where
the Germans knew in advance exactly
where we would have to attack and SO
could concentrate their very best troops
at exactly those points.
We must remember that the whole Of
the German infantry is not of the same
fighting quality as the men Of the 1st
Parachute Division. You can get plenty
Of evidence of that fact by Just looking
at the Russian front.
So it is a little hard to believe that
Informed military opinion is discour-
aged over our invasion prospects by
the lessons of Casino. Our military
chiefs have always known that in the
end we would have hard and bloody
fighting, in which infantry would be the
decisive arm. Because one picked Ger
man division Of highly selected men has
proven able to hold natural strong
hold Of immense strength on q narrow
front against one series OF attacks does
not by any means prove that all Ger
man infantry Is superior to all Allied
infantry.
tcopyrisht, lekz.D
Evening star., 1944-04-03
Constantine BrO1Un

closer support for his government,
which was defeated on q minor vote .
week ago and which had to resort to
drastic disciplinary methods to obtain
the overwhelming vote Of confidence
later.
But political experts wonder II the
result of the election won't push the
present party coalition further toward
disintegration. The Conservatives may
feel they are losing In the deal with
the Labor party, since the latter can't
deliver the votes. Some members of
the Labor party. on the other hand,
may feel that they are increasing In
popular favor and may see little use In
continuing a party truce with the Con-
servatives. Other Labor party people,
therefore, may urge general election,
thinking the trend means that they
would win the election.
In any case. the by-election result
may cause further unrest among mem
bers of Parliament, or unrest which has
been greatly stimulated by the political
development of recent weeks. Mr..
Churchill's insistence that the Com
mons give him vote Of confidence on
q minor tsSue-a demand which had
not been pressed in parliamentary poll
tics In number Of years-helped fur
ther the discomfort. Only two news
papers In London-one Of them owned
by Lord Beayerbrook, q member Of the
government-supported the government
In the recent trial of strength. It Is
reported that the people in England
are saying Mr.. Churchill has gone too
far" Undoubtedly they also are i'm
pressed by newspaper reports OF Mr..
Churchill's i'll health. All these fac
tors, added to the result Of the Cam
berwell by-election, may deepen Eng
lands politicaI crisis
Evening star., 1944-04-03
Maj. George Fielding Eio1

could not do everything that was antici-
pated for it in those plans.
1t seems difficult to believe that such
change of opinion is reflected in the
thoughts of our military leaders; it
seems much more likely that such
views may have been expressed by
civilians who, discouraged by the failure
at Casino, have not carefully thought
through the implications Of that battle.
Any lesson Casino has to teach us
with regard to air power is tactical
lesson. 1t has nothing to do with the
effect OF our strategic air power on
German industry and German aircraft
production. Even as a tactical lesson
1t is limited in its application, so far
as the invasion is concerned, to the
original break-through of the German
fortified zone along the coast.
Here, 1t is true, we must find the
means Of smashing openings in the
German Notifications through which
our troops may pour into the more
open country beyond. We shall be
greatly dependent on air power and to
some extent on naval gunfire to give
us that fire superiority at the point
Of attack which will be necessary in
order to effect these penetrations. Cas-
sino has taught us that neither air
bombing nor artillery fire can blast
infantry out of deep shelters, but it
has not taught us that any more graph
ically than the experience on the west
ern front in the last warm fact, 1t Is
difficult to suppose that any officer with
World War service had any idea that
air bombing could produce decisive re-
suits in such case, though many civil
ians did.
Then, will the attacks on the German
coastal fortifications produce nothing
but series Of bloody Cassinos? It may
produce one or two sharp setbacks;
Evening star., 1944-04-03

tions do not come together. Nor do
mean to suggest that the tempo at
which Russia and the United States
are moving rightward promises that
our lines will meet with hers. The
Europeans, including Britain, will be
happy If they can meet the Russians
in social matters somewhere in mid
stream. We are likely to be in diff
ferent stream altogether.
\ i
Consider few of the signs, and
begin with the most conservative coun-
try except ourselves: Britain.
Mr.. Churchill's last speech outlined
Britain's domestic program, present and
postwar. Our press found little inter-
esting in it. but it was revealing and
important. Mr. Churchill is Tory.
But what he proposed for Britain went
much further than anything promised,
performed, or suggested by Mr.. Roose-
velt at the height of the New Deal
Our disappointment came from the
Evening star., 1944-04-03

and eventually Orde Wingate en-
tered Adds Ababa, the Ethiopian
capital, riding on a white charger
beside Halle Selassie, the restored
Emperor. This resounding success
marked Wingate as the ideal man
for the struggle against Japan's
picked jungle fighters in the Middle
East, and his new theater of action
was the border between India and
Burma. Given a scratch force, he
soon welded unpromising material
into jungle specialists capable of
meeting and beating the Japanese
at their chosen game. For the past
two years his commando raids into
Burma have been military classics.
Evening star., 1944-04-03
Advocates Tolerance.

Advocates Tolerance.
To the Editor Of The Star:
1t is with great interest that have
been reading comments in your paper
on the racial question: and want to
compliment you for the stand which
you have taken.
1t is only through sane and forth
right publishing of the facts on the
racial question that the public is able
to achieve a greater understanding
The people of Washington eagerly are
awaiting news that will enable them
to face the situation squarely and to do
all within their power to present to
the world Nations Capital based upon
the fundamental right of free men.
The past has taught us, and the
present is teaching us, that we cannot
enjoy in full the blessings of democracy
If we deny it to any of our citizens.
Let us begin today to pledge ourselves
TO erase from our minds forever all
intolerance toward our fellowmen.
RICHARD TYNES.
Evening star., 1944-04-03

against the Conservative party. The lat
ter believed that In the various contests
where Conservatives were defeated or
elected by close margin, the rank and
file Of Labor voters, instead Of support
ing the Conservative candidate as the
Labor party machine urged, deserted
the party discipline and voted for the
Independent candidate. The Gambler
well by-election, as the first in some
years In which Labor party member
stood for election. was regarded as O
test Of these two theories.
The campaign was marked by little
interest on the part of the voters Few
crowds attended the election rallies of
the two sides. According to some re-
ports, this was caused by the frequent
German air raids, which came about
the time the rallies were scheduled.
Voters apparently preferred to stay at
home rather than risk their lives on
street corners or in public halls.
The government candidate was
Cecil A. G. Manning, q well-known labor
figure in that area. He Is member Of
the London County Council and head
of the local civil defense organization.
His independent opponent was o busi-
nessman, r. F. Rhodes-Disher. who ran
as an Independent at the general elec-
ton nine years ago.
Mr.. Manning, the Labor candidate,
won Ass votes to 674, certainly de-
cisive victory. Only about one-tenth
Of the registered voters went to the
polls. This is partly due to the fact
that many thousands in the district
have gone into the armed services or
moved elsewhere in war work, or have
been bombed out Of their homes.
The result of the poll may bring cheer,
but only temporary cheer, to Mr..
Churchill. He may use it to whip up
Evening star., 1944-04-03

the Conservative and Labor parties,
both parties at by-election support the
candidate Of the party which has pre-
viously held the constituency.
In all recent by-elections in England
1t has been the Conservative party which
has fought the by-election, with the Of
f1cial Labor party machine supporting
them. In considerable number of them,
the Conservative coalition candidate has
been defeated. In many. where the Con-:
servative coalition candidates won, they
achieved victory by such narrow mar
gin and with the help Of such pressure
from Prime Minister Churchill that the
obvious inference was that strong
trend was running against the gov
ernment. ,g.
= 4
British political experts have been
speculating about the nature of this
trend. Some claimed it was indicative
of a nationwide revolt against both
parties Others thought 1t was mainly
Evening star., 1944-04-03

and places for the invasion" are mat
ters Of coordination y and weather.
When the days are longer and the seas
in and around proposed landing points
are deemed likely to be favorable, and
when the overall situation Is considered
opportune, certain feints and move
ments, such as Prime Minister Churchill
referred to in his last speech, may be
expected.
The key to this war Is Russia. That
fact has been emphasized again and
again, but it remains even more per-
suasive today. Stain was right In de-
manding second front last year and
II it could have been practicable from
an Allied viewpoint, the war might
have been over by now. This Is be-
cause the Nazis have had an oppor-
tunity this year for a strategic and
relatively orderly retreat and withz
'drawal from Russian territorT which,
might have become roat and dis:
aster for the Nazi Army IT there had
been simultaneous pressure from T.
big land army on the Western front.