davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1944-08-28
Race Relations

The first annual report of the
Citizens Committee on Race Rela-
tions is devoted primarily to the
task OF bringing this many sided
problem into the open.
Because there is no easy solution
to the problem, because it is rooted
in prejudice and distrust, many peo-
pie prefer to look the other way,
trying to drive underground a social
disorder which can only be cured
through open, candid and intelligent
treatment.
Recognizing that the first step
necessarily is to understand what
the problem is, the Citizens Com
mittee has explored seven of its
major phases. These have to do
with housing, hospital facilities,
public eating places, schools, munic-
ipal public agencies, recreation and
employment. The report concluded
that in each of these fields there is
discrimination, intentional or other
wise, against Negroes and contained
certain recommendations such as
the proposal that Negroes be given
minority representation on the
Board of Commissioners, the ABC
Board, and similar agencies in which
they are not now represented.
For the most part, however, the
report did not undertake to propose
specific solutions. Instead, it urged
all persons to examine their own
prejudices, if any; to ask themselves
whether a real peace can be estab-
lshed in an atmosphere of race
prejudice, and to strive through "lit-
tie acts Of courtesy" to stimulate a
better relationship between the
races.
This might be described as the
cautious approach" It NAV be
disappointing to those who would
solve these problems overnight. But
IN the long run it should produce
more lasting results. Before any,
thing can be accomplished in this
matter OF improving race relations
there must be knowledge of the
causes OF friction. Then the people
as a whole must be brought to an
understanding Of the fact that a
solution has to be found. These are
the first steps and they must be
taken first. After this has been
done, the community can 20 on to
specinc corrections with some hope
of success
Evening star., 1944-08-28
On the Record
By Dorothy THOMPSON

When Gen. Charles de Gaulle raised
the Cross of Lorraine, he may have
thought Of Joan Of Arc, not as the saint.
but as the first European military
leader to have organized a peoples war.
Joan, peasant girl and born demo-
crat, lived in feudal age, and the
French nobility, who led, not national
armies but their own, had lost province
after province to the English, also led
by feudal lords. They had fought, in
the manner of their age, battles of
Cavaliers, exchanging captured noble
men for ransoms, thinking of their own
interests, not of cause" with victors
and vanquished coming to terms imme-
diately after the battle.
Joan was the first European national
ist. Her voices had told her that a
country belonged to the people who
spoke its language and titled its soil,
and had thus been created by God as
a common family. Thus, in defending
Gods creation they were fighting for
God.
Joan's greatest contribution to the
deliverance of France was this creation
of a popular faith, for which the COM
mon people would fight, because they
instinctively felt it was true. That it
was highly revolutionary. Joan herself
was not aware; to her it was simply
revelation and common sense. But the
authorities who ruled that world knew
full we'll that it was revolutionary and
church and state collaborated to her
doom.
Her second contribution was the dis
covery that the form of warfare was
outdated She had no more respect for
the French military than Gen. de Gaulle
had for Gen. Gamelin. She was mill
tary genius, and this combination OF
what was then modern war and fanat-
ical faith to raise the masses made her
victorious.
~
I recalled these things about Saint
Joan, as, sitting on remote Vermont
farm, turned. for hours, radio dials to
the shortwave stations of the whole
world and heard nothing but the Mar
seillaise, French songs, French military
marches, French tributes-from London,
from the Belgian Congo, from Cuba,
from Brazil-realizing that in the rising
of the people of Paris this war had
Evening star., 1944-08-28

This, OF course, the State Department
could not do since the report had been
presented by Mr.. Phillips to President
Roosevelt, whom he represented per-
sonally at New Delhi. An Investigation
regarding the source of the leak was
made and the results were given to the
British government.
But nothing more could be done by
the Government, which was not willing
to d1savow its ambassador who had
been sent to India to make a factual
and secret study of the situation.
AS result of this situation, the Brit
ish informed Ambassador John Winant
that Mr.. Phillips no longer was persona
grata with His Majesty's government
and Mr.. Phillips was informed of the
situation. In his contacts with the high
British ofhcials, Mr.. Phillips expressed
his disappointment that his confiden-
tial report should have been published.
Nevertheless, he stood by his guns and
informed the British that the published
document and others which have not
been printed presented his honest find
1ngs and views of the Indian situation.
The British officials were aroused
over the whole matter and made 1t clear
through their actions that the chief
political adviser of Gen. Eisenhower
had overstayed his welcome in London.
While no overt unfriendly action was
undertaken against the American am
bassador. he realized that his continued
presence in London was useless since
he could get no further cooperation
from the British government. Mr.. Phil
lips took a plane back to America and
resigned.
1t is quite understandable that the
British government should be concerned
over both the contents of the published
report and the indiscretion of the person
who permitted the leak"
*
Secretary of State Hull is said to have
expressed himself strongly to the British
Charge d'Affaires about the worthiness
OF such person. But this does not
change the situation that the American
Government Is free to select the man
it deems best fitted to advise the Amer
lcan commander of the Allied forces in
Western Europe about matters which
concern the Government of the United
States. And from that angle the ad-
mlnlstration did not relish the cavalier
treatment given Mr.. Phillips, who still
possesses the high rank of Ambassador.
According to reports, the matter of
Mr. Phillips returning to his post with
headquarters in France or other liber-
ated regions will be left to him.
Evening star., 1944-08-28

reached its highest point. The excite
ment that swept the world was not only
Joy IN the recovery of Paris, but ioy in
the vindication of humanity, and in the
courage, shrewdness, and sheer ability.
OF the common man. Somewhere in the
shadows, I thought heard a woman's
rough voice chuckling. Il told you, bows,
that's the way! Have the people with
you, and you'll win
Gen. de Gaulle has organized and
fought revolutionary war He had
the Allied armies, and without them
the underground war could hardly have
succeeded. But without the revolu-
tionary war the march into Paris would
nave been merely the reconquest Of a
great city, and not the revival of the
french nation and signal to the world
In fact, the war of the armies and
the war OF the people were separated
IN the great moment. After the victory
In Normandy Gen. Eisenhower had a
choice: to march on Paris, or turn north
in pursuit of the German armies. seek
ing to destroy their military power.
From military viewpoint Gen. Eisen-
hover made the right choice AS STRAIT
egy Paris was secondary. Afterward
Paris could be invested as a matter of
course.
But in the life Of a people there
are no matters of course Joan knew
that. You must strike when the anvil
Is hot. You must strike when the spirit
OF the people is mounting to crescendo.
Gen. de Gaulle and the Parisians knew
what Joan knew. They did not wait
for the cheapest moment. They took
the appropriate moment.
And what feat of organization! To
command an army in the field is one
thing. To command rag-tag and bob
tail army, organized underground by
stealth, un-uniformed. in hiding in
homes, factories, and Offices, consisting
Of the most disparate elements ex-
officers, students. college professors, and,
in the mass. industrial workers, all un-
der the eyes Of the Gestapo and under
the heels of an army of occupation: To
give the order Fight! And they fight!
That is miracle of organization and
intelligence.
Evening star., 1944-08-28
New CONCEPTS
.om the Christian Science No,

From the Christian Science Monitor.
One of the great problems Of the
future will be how to pool adeouate
power IN an international agency and
yet satisfy some sections Of public opin.
Ion IN all countries that national SOW
erelgnty is not endangered, but moro
1uliy guaranteed by SO doing. There is
not enough education on this point
emerging from ofncial statements or
conferences. But it is possible that when
the statesmen Of three nations on whose
power the policing Of peace must be
preolcated come face to face with the
question OF fulfilling their responsibility
tney Will be forced to the conclusion
tnat new concepts Of sovereignty must
DO developed. The more they can talk
about the job, the better,
Evening star., 1944-08-28
Assault on Brest
By Mai. George Fielding Eliot

The stepping-up Of the assault on
Brest is good news, and timely.
The Allied forces in France at this
moment probably need new seaport
more than they do a new field army.
Indeed, to get the one is probably the
only way to get the other, for it is hard
to see how any more troops than are
now in France could be supplied by the
means now available. Nor must we
forget that the comparatively good
weather of the Channel summer is soon
to be replaced by the autumn gales, so
that improvised landing methods and
small badly sheltered harbors will no
longer be as useful as they have been
since D-day.
Fortunately for the Allies, it now ap-
pears that the great port Of LIE Havre
at the mouth of the Seine. and the
river port of Rouen, fully capable OF
receiving ocean-going vessels Of medium
size, will soon be in our hands.
No doubt the Germans will have
carried out extensive demolitions in
both these ports, but we have had
enough experience of the resourceful-
ness and ingenuity of our engineers to
know that demolitions are delay only
to the use of port, sand by means a
permanent bar. The effect of having
direct supply through LIE Havre and
Rouen will be of such vital importance
that we may be sure the work of restor-
ing these ports to usefulness will be
pushed as rapidly as possible from the
moment that they are taken.
Rouen is already almost surrounded,
and the Germans are reported attempt
ing to evacuate LIE Havre by sea, since
the fall of Rouen and the crossing of
the Lower Seine by Allied forces almost
insures the fall of LIE Havre by the
cutting of its landward communications.
It is not favorably located for last
ditch defense by suicide groups, such as
those which are still holding out in
Brest, Lorient and Saint NaZaire.
The capture of Brest would be of
especial value to the Allies because it
is port capable of receiving the larg-
est ships in direct ocean passage from
the United States. lie Havre can do
this too, Of course, and SO can Cher
bourg when the big docks have been
repaired, but these ports, because of
their proximity to England, must have
their capacities pretty well taken up
with cross-channel trafnc, the imme-
date fow Of life blood to the Allied
armies in France.
Evening star., 1944-08-28
Loneliness

There IS loneliness like drum. beats in
the mind,
Loneliness that kno,rs the shnne of
sadness,
1t drinks remembered bitterness and
oropes to find
The ddrkened pool that horbors utte,
madness.
And there q loneliness like mild and
n,elloU Dine,
And quiet as a thistle t,cili0ht fall,
ttDine
TALL
ALMA robson HIonEI.
Evening star., 1944-08-28
Senator Burton's PROPOSAL

The draft of Senator Burton'S pro-
posed constitutional amendment to
permit Washingtonians to vote with
Marylanders for their own Repre-
SentativeS in the House and for Sen
ators who would represent both
Maryland and the District will be
awaited with interest. Should
Maryland consent and should Con-
gress prefer this method of giving
Washington residents a voice in
their National Government it would,
of course, be welcome.
For representation for the Wash
tngtonian in his government is the
real objective, whether it is to be
reached by making. the District
part of Maryland for the purpose of
voting in national elections or
whether it is to be reached by the
more direct method of giving to
Congress the power to provide for
independent District representation
In Congress and in the electoral COL
lege.
Senator Burton'S advocacy of the
Maryland plan is for the moment
more important than the details of
the plan itself. For it indicates that
he is convinced that mere local suf-
frage is not the answer If the Dis
trlct's vote is to be effective, it must
be a vote for representatives of the
District in the Districts real govern
ment-a vote for representatives in
Congress and for President and Vice
President. Senator Burtons propoS-
al is in effect to rectify an oversight
or failure of omission in the Con-
Stitution (the failure to safeguard
the voting rights of the people living
IN the territory ceded by Maryland
as the seat of Government).
The Senator's interest in the
Maryland plan may stem from the
argument that to give the Dis
trlct independent voting representa-
ton in Congress and the electoral
college is to confer on it the status
OF a State. And statehood for the
District is not considered desirable.
That argument, however, is wholly
1allacious and raises a fictitious is
sue. National representation for the
District would not mean statehood
Tor the District. Under the Sum-
ners-Capper amendment las under
the Burton proposaD Congress
would remain in exclusive control
OF the seat of Government, which
was what the Constitution makers
had in mind.
To give the District representa-
ton in Congress and in the electoral
college would create a unique tvpe
OF electorate, it is true; it would be
neither a State nor a Territory: if
would be something new.
But the present status of the Dis
trlct is also unique in the United
oIdteS, something that contradicts
every basic principle of American
ism. 1t would be more in keeping
with our ideals and traditions tn
retain the Districts uniqueness by
removing the real disgrace of that
unlqueness than to continue it as it
no" ls-an area at the heart of our
Government where the people lack
any voice in the choice of their gov
ernment; where there is taxation
without representation and where
the people are burdened with all of
the obligations and responsibilities
OF citizenship yet deprived of it's
most valued privileges.
Evening star., 1944-08-28

the boat train from Paris ratified
through dozens Of towns with fac
tory chimneys smoking and literally
thousands of small farms with fields
Of wheat, grapes and garden vege-
tables growing for the metropolitan
market. The Romans applied the
title Sequana to the stream, and it
is from that word allegedly that the
modern name, however pronounced,
deScendS.
Evening star., 1944-08-28
This Changing World
By Constantine Brown

Ambassador william Philips, IT., chief
political adviser to Gen. Eisenhower
who resigned his post 10 days ago for
personal reasons" may be induced to
withdraw his resignation and continue
his activities directly from the generals
headquarters in France rather than
London where he was formerly sta
toned.
The personal reasons" which Mr..
Phillips invoked are that his situation
in London had become untenable be-
cause OF the publication in a number of
American newspapers of his confidential
report to President Roosevelt revealing
the true conditions in India.
Some time after we entered the war
and when we started sending military
organizations to that part of the British
Empire, President Roosevelt appointed
Mr. Phillips as his ambassador to India.
His instructions were to study without
bias the Indian political situation and
report to Mr.. Roosevelt the truth about
conditions as he found them. Mr.. Phil
lips brilliant diplomatic career, particu-
larly the astuteness and tact he had
shown while representing this country
In Italy until a few months before
Italy declared war on us, made him the
first choice for such a job Mr.. Phillips
was received with utmost courtesy in
India, but was not given the necessary
facilities to make an impartial study of
that complicated and dangerous situa-
ton.
After a few months he returned to
Washington and presented Mr.. Roose-
velt with a complete report which was
far from favorable to the British point
OF view. The report, of course, was
strictly confidential and was known only
to few of the Presidents intimates.
Somehow, many months later. portions
OF 1T appeared in a syndicated column.
Prime Minister Churchill and For
elgn Secretary Anthony Eden became
incensed both at the leak and at the
contents Of the report which they say
had not been known to them. In the
meanwhile, Mr. Phillips had been ap-
pointed Gen. Eisenhower,s chief politi-
cal adviser on European political mat
ters and had taken up his duties in
London with small staff of assistants
The British government made strong
representations at the State Department
and 1t is said that Sir Ronald Campbell,
the charge d'affaires of the British En-
bassy, requested that the Department
dlsassociate itself from the views ex-
pressed by Mr.. Phillips in his report.
Evening star., 1944-08-28

If We can get Brest, we shall have
an Atlantic Ocean port where big ships
can come in direct from America and
discharge their cargoes of men and
stores without the labor of unloading
in British ports, hauling across Eng
land on the overtaxed British Railways,
ano then shipping once more across the
Channel. This would be vast relief
1t would ease the supply situation in
France enormously.
Brest is perhaps the best hope in
this regard, because it is an excellent
harbOr and because even though the
German demOlitions may be extensive
it will still be difficult for them to do
enough damage to prevent the entry of
ships and the discharge of cargoes in
lighters while the docks and unloading
machinery are being repaired or re-
placed Lorient is also a good harbor,
though not as commodious as Brest and
inferior to it in docking facilities.
Saint Nazaire, unfortunately, has an
artificial harbor controlled by lock-
gates; injury to these lock-gates will
render the harbor basins unusable for
long time to come. The fall of Saint
Nazaire would, however, open the
estuary of the Loire and enable us to
use the port of Nantes, which like
Rouen can take ocean-going vessels of
medium size and which has extensive
quayage which-as far as is now known
seems to have fallen into our hands
almost undamaged.
In all these enterprises, we are racing
against time. The main military effort
must continue to be devoted to the pur-
suit and destruction of the German
armies in Northern France. But in order
that this pursuit and destruction may be
carried out, in order that the pressure
shall never relax. that the enemy shall
never be given a chance to recover from
one blow before receiving the next, it
Is essential that the flow of ammunition,
stores and reinforcements to our troops
should never be checked even for a day.
The farther away the battle moves
from the ports through which our
armies were originally supplied, the
heavier the demands on day to day
movement from Britain and America
The more the originally assembled
dumps in Normandy are depleted, the
larger must be the flow across the
Channel and across the Atlantic Ocean.
And, of course, the greater must be the
capacity Of the ports by which all this
trafhc is received In Fralice.
Evening star., 1944-08-28

the front have sent back to their
colleagues at home. This, 1t may be
safely said, is a sign Of progress,
very hopeful sign that we have come
to better understanding of what
war means.
Evening star., 1944-08-28
"On q Butchers Hook"

var means.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1944-06-16

 Property
(Continued from Page D

NCOQIlnueQ from RaRe U of Connecticut; partial release of a judgment lien and another partial release of notice of suit.
 Also filed was deed of agree ment sustaining the various ease- ment rights extended by the original owners to the Poli-New England Theaters, Inc, and pertaining to Strand and Palace theater building encroachmentS.
 The Strand theater is located ad- joining the building sold while the Palace theater Is almost directly op- posite on the other side of East Main street.
 The propery involved houses the Anchor Grill and an Amusement center on the first floor in ad- dition to a dental laboratory on the second floor and various apart ments. Agent for the sale was the firm of D. T. Harrington. Tn addition to the deeds involving the State of Connecticut and the executors deed additional papers filed consisted of a release of mort gage by the Waterbury Savings Bank to the estate of Ellen E. Hayes and pertaining to the original mort gage on the building to the Dime Savings Bank in the amount of $75,000.
 The mortgage negotiated by Kath- erine F. Ladd with Theodore W. Berenson in the amount of $l20. 900 is subsequently, assigned by the lat ter to the First National Bank of Boston,
The Waterbury Democrat., 1944-06-16
British o Officials Admit
 Gravity Of Attack
Cccntinued from Page D

the earliest opportunity, the avail able information does not suggest that exaggerated importance need be attached to It's development.
 Measures
 "All possible attempts are being taken to frustrate the enemy's at- tempts to cause nuisance raids by means which do not tmperil the lives of his pilots"
 Morrison urged the nation to carry on normal business and warned inhabitants not to expose themselves unnecessarily in day. light when anti-aircraft guns are in action.
 The house agreed to a motion pro- posed by Foreign Secretary Anthony Eden to continue business even if an air raid warning sounded.
 Morrison said that enemy targets south of a line drawn across Eng land from the wash on the east to Bristol in the west would be identified only as southern Eng land"
 Britons were warned that the pilotless bombers contain an explos- i've charge which may detonate within five to IS seconds after the planes engine stops.
 The ministry of home security said the mystery weapons carry a tail light which goes out just before the blast. Anyone seeing one of the raiders should take refuge as soon as that warning signal is ob- served, 1t added.
 Even those indoors should keep out of the way of the blast and use the most solid protection irnmedi- ately available" the ministry said.
 The London Star editorially re- jected any possibility that the pilot less planes would have any effect on British Civilian morale and said that was "the only value this de- vice could have"
 'At this date in the war the Brit ish people are not to be ratled by any bogeyman tricks" the newspa- per said. They know they are wtn- ming the war.
 More than anything else the enemy wants to know where these one-way aircraft fall. This is why from now onwards the raid details will be even more vague than hith- erto. Let the big bertha minds go on guessing"