davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Enakopravnost. [volume] (Cleveland, O.[Ohio]) 1918-1957, 1944-05-01
"ENAkOPRAVNOSTI'

matinske divizije so razbile ne
same Nemce, ustase in Italia
ne ma reki Neretvi, temvec so
presle v ofenzivo proti cetni-
kom Draze Mihajlovica in so
jih gnale cd Neretve do Kolasi-
ma, kjer SO mu zadale koncni u
darec in so ikvidirale cetnike
kot neko resno vojasko moe.
Use to so dejstva, XII jih po-
begla londonska vlada nj mogla
zakriti pred svetom. Tako je BIZ
la prevara koncno odkrita.
Zaradi dogajanja izven nase
domovine in sicer zaradi zmag
slavne Rdece armade ma Who'd
nj 'front.' in razbitja elitnih hit
lerjevskih Get {Klici: "zivela
hepremagljiva Rde6a armada
"zivel drug Stalin.) so bill do
sezeni pogoji "a image ostalih
Zaveznikov, Anglije in Ameri-
Ike v Afriki, dosezeni so bill po-
goji "a izkrcevanse zaveznikov
ma Siciliji in ma jugu Italije in
"a kapitulacijo glavnega Hitler
jevega partnerJa, fasisticne l.
talije. Tu moran naglasiti, da
je "a predajo Italije imela veil
ko vlogo 'tudi nasa Narodno-
osvobodilna vojska, XII je yes
cas- tekom te vojne vezala ma
Sc sestnajst do dvajset italian
skin divizij; Sc do kapitulacije
Italije so nase edinice presle
ponovno v ofenzivo po peti o.
fenzivi sovraznikovi in so osvo-
bodile skoro cello vzhodno Bos-
no, vecji del Osrednje Bosne in
Bosansko Krajino. (Burno odo-
bravanje. Ploskanje.) Nasa Ma
rodno-osvobodilna vojska je
prisla po kapitulaciji Italije ne
samo do velikih zalog orozja,
temvec je tudi' sama narasla "a
$4,000 novih vojakov in je osvo-
bodila velike predele v Dalma-
ciji, Sloveniji it'd. Ma ia nacin
so mogle edinice Narodno-
osvobodilne vojsks uspesno delo-
vati po eni strani, po drugi
strani pa je Narodno- -osvobodil-
ma vojska dobila pri zaveznikih
Stoves resnega vojaskega fax
torja, S katerim racunajo danes
ne samo zavezniki kot 4 zavez-
nixon, temvec tudi fasisticni "a
vojevalci kot protivnikom, XII
veze nase veliko stevilo njihovih
divizij. (Burno odobravanje.
Ploskanje.)
Po kapitulaciji Italije je pri-
slo do krepkega razmaha ljud-
ske vstaje v Sloveniji, Dalma-
ciji, pa tudi v ostali Hrvatski.
Tako danes nj niti enega okra-
ia v Jugoslaviji, kjer hi Sc ne
bila razplamtela ljudska VISTA
ia. (Ploskanje.) Do 1. novem-
bra letosnjega leta so bill osvo-
bojeni ogromni novi deli nase
domovine. Svoboden je velik del
Slovenije, Bosanske krajine, ce-
la Vzhodna Bosnia, velik del
Osrednje Bosne, YES Sandzak,
Enakopravnost. [volume] (Cleveland, O.[Ohio]) 1918-1957, 1944-05-01

Repertoar opernih predstav,
XII nam jih bo tudi letos podala
Metropolitan operna druzba liz
New Yorka, je najbolj pazno
izbran in DO najboljsi v zgodo-
vini. Kajti V vseh operah bodo
nastopale najslavnejse operne
zvezde. Operni teden Sc pricne
v ponedeljek, |. maja in zaklju-
cna predstava pa bo soboto,
6. maja zvecer. To. je ze 10.
spomladni operni festival, ka-
terega nam preskrbi The North
ern Ohio Opera Association.
Kot vselej v preteklosti, bodo
Enakopravnost. [volume] (Cleveland, O.[Ohio]) 1918-1957, 1944-05-01

Gem redu /. maja "The Tales
Of Hoffman; 2. maja la Ira.
yiata";; 3. maja "The Marriage
of Figaro; A. maja Mignon"
5. maja popoldne .Tannhaeu-
SER in zvecer pa Lucia de
Lammermoor";; 6. maja popol-
dne Carmen" in zvecer pa "a
kljucna opera "Rigoletto."
Vstopnice dobite pri North
ern Ohio Opera Association,
Union Bank of Commerce, Gle
veland, Ohio. Cena vstopnicam
s1.2e, $2.4O, $3.50, $3.50, Sc in
81. 30.
Enakopravnost. [volume] (Cleveland, O.[Ohio]) 1918-1957, 1944-05-01

tudi letos v petek in soboto
operne predstave popoldne in
zvecer. V petek popoldne, 5.
maja bo Wagnerjeva opera
"Tannhaeuser," " kateri nasto-
PHO: Marjorie Lawrence, Rose
hampton, Lauritz Melchoir,
Alexander KipniS M artia /
Singher in drugi; zvecer pa bo
opera Lucia de Lammermoor," "
V kateri nastopi Lilly Pons ka-
kor tudi v soboto popoldne v
operi Carmen" zakljucna ope-
ra pa bo Rigoletto."
Podane bodo opere po slede-
Enakopravnost. [volume] (Cleveland, O.[Ohio]) 1918-1957, 1944-05-01

j.
prekoracilo mejo med Sandal
kom in Srbijo. Zaeele so osvo-
bojati srbski narod cd nemskih
in bolgarskih osvajacev, Nedi-
ceve vojske in cetniskih band
Draze Mihajlovica. Emo izmed
zelo vaznih dejstev je, da SO
nase partizanske moci v Mace
doniji zadnjem casu dosegle
znatne uspehe in ze po drugia
zavzele Kicevo, Debar in tako
omogocile mocnejse razvijanje
partizanskega pokreta v Mace
doniji. (Ploskanje.) Partizan-
ski pokret v Macedoniji je tes-
no povezan S partizanskim po-
kretom v Albaniji in ma Grskem,
istocasno pa je resna podpora v
razvijanju partizanskega. pokre-
ia tudi v Bolgariji sami. (Plo-
skanje.)
Eden najlepsih uspehov nase-
ga ljudskega upora, XII ina We
lik zgodovinski pomen, je osvo-
boditev Istre in Slovenskega
Primorja po kapitulaciji Itali-
je. '(Burno odobravanje. Plo-
fskanje.) Dvajsetletno suzenj-
stvo slovenskega in hrvatskega
naroda nj moglo, vkljub vsem
fasisticnim naporom, vzeti ma
Sim zasuznjenim bratom njiho-
vega nacijonalnega znacaja in
oslabiti nJhovih tezenj po ze-
dinjenju z njihovimi brati in o,
stalimi narodi Jugoslavije.
Kakor je razvidno iz pref ma
vedenega, Sc je situacija v Ju-
goslaviji in po svetu, posebno
zadnje leto, popolnoma izpre;
menila. Zahvaliti Sc imamo
zmagam Rdece armade, da stoji
Hitlerjeva vojna masina pred
katastrofo, a zmaga mad tenn
najvecjim neprijateljem Glove
stva nj vec dalec. V teku tega
leta je razpadel fasisticni biloxi.
Italija je vrzena il masine. Pri
Hitlerjevih satelitih vlada Sc
vecja I'm ed a in razpadanje
Odnosi med zavezniki, Soviet
sko Zvezo, .Anglijo in :Ameriko
pcstajajo vedno krepkejsi (Plo-
skanje), kar je posebno prislo
dc izraza ma moskovski konfe-
renci predstavnikov teh treh We
likih zavezniskih ,sil. VISA ia
dejstva imajo tudi "a naso Ma
rodno-osvobodilno borbo. velik
pomen. Vera v zliznjo zmago in
koncno osvobojenje nash naro-
dov izpod okupatorskega jarma
zajema vse sirse ljudske sloje
V Jugoslaviji, kar sc izraza v
masnem pristopanju novih bor-
cev v naso Narodno-osvobodil-
no vojsko, kar Sc izraza v pri-
stopanju nasi narodno-osvobo-
dilni borbi mnogih odlicnih po-
liticnih, kulturnih in javnih de-
lavcev IL vseh krajev Jugosla-
vie. Vse to vpliva druge stra-
nj ma vse hitrejse razpadanie
narionetnih drzavnih aparatov
Pavelica in Nedica in ma ia ma
Gin ma slabljenje okupatorskih
pozicij v nasi domovini. (Plo-
skanje.)t
Emo Sc pac nj izpremenilo v
teku zadnjega leta navzlic vsem
dejstvom, XII smo jih nasteli, in
to je politika pobegle Wade, XII
Sc sedaj nahaja Cairu in XII
ma zalost-velja Sc vedno kot
legitimni predstavnik ljudstva v
Jugoslaviii. Nimam namena, da
bi Sc v tenn kratkem porocilu
spuscal Y to, zakaj je tako, "a
kaj zayezniki trpe to vlado, XII
nina Y domovini nobenega oslo
Mia, ker sodeluje preko svoje-
ga ministra Draza Mihajlovica
q okupatorjem ze dive lett in pol
proti Narodno osvobodilni vol
ski, odnosno proti jugoslovan-
skemu narodu in XII je izrazito
reakcionarna in velikosrbska.
L. nv CO nocohro .,.Js =
The echo. (Meridian, Miss.) 1942-1960, 1944-01-21

Father g. Children.
The echo. (Meridian, Miss.) 1942-1960, 1944-01-21

high purposes of this m who is
being inaugurated today as the Cover
nor of Mississippi.
"In all his private life and public
service he has so lived and labored
among US that we have come to be-
ieve in his integrity and Christian
craftsmanship in such a way that we
have elevated him to the highest Of
flee within the gift Of his fellow Mis-
sissippians.
BE with him in a very special way
today to give to him the strength and
courage to assume the duties and re
sponsibiliGes of this high place. And
be with him through the tomorrows
and the years of his administration
as our chief executive that he may so
discharge the duties and administer
the affairs of the state as cur COVER
nor that Thy name may be honored
and all of the people of our common
wealth may live together in peace and
enjoy the blessings that come to them
that walk in Thy ways. We pray not
only for him, but for his family, his
wife and his children. AS they have
become the first family of our state
may tn ely hold high the torch of
honor and integrity and noble ideals
SO that all Of us may find the road
that will make US better men and wo-
men, better neighbors, better citizens,
and better sons and daughters of God,
our Father.
Especially do we pray for thrs SON
of our governor who is with us today
and who has placed his life upon the
altar Of our country to make secure
The echo. (Meridian, Miss.) 1942-1960, 1944-01-21
Presiding Elders
Council AT Greer
Wood a Succe s

On Wednesday, January 18th, Bish-
OPP j. H. Moore, d. D. held his Pre-
siding Elders Council of the state of
Mississippi in Greenwood. The meet
ing was well attended with all of the
Presiding Elders except tw being
present.
Rev. Cannon was not present be-
cause of an accident and Rev. E. w.
Washington of the Jackson District
was absent because his bus was so
crowded fter getting almost to
Greenwood that he could not get a
seat neither place to stand.
Bishop Moore delivered one of the
most timely addresses that has been
ours to witness. Plans were laid for
Ne work of the state.
Reverend B. j. Smith, General Sec
rotary of Religious Education W S
present and added much enthusiasm
to the meeting
Plans were s. 1T for a group of Mis-
sissippians to S. to oklahoma with
Bishop Moore in the near future.
Watch Bishop Moore, the Mississip-
plans and Oklahomans as they walk
and work together in the work of the
states.
The echo. (Meridian, Miss.) 1942-1960, 1944-01-21

OF this city invoked Gods blessings
in the Bailey Inaugural ceremony
Tuesday. '.' -
TIL. vo,.o,. os.u.. !, n n
lee pastor of the Central Methodist
Church OF which Mr.. Bailey is mem
Der, was so touching and so true that
the entire prayer was carried through
the columns of the Jackson d aily
News.
r-~.l4 49,. .,.., H.. 49,, .-....
49,. sl, - - '''''' ~ 81 e..
- .,s '.-l ~, 80, -. '.-',
80 81 y NJ H. -, ''.1 ,l'' .s - -
n -, - 49, = Y go -
= ~ -, 60. ny w.
- y NV y ~ '''''A9 '%' A''''
The echo. (Meridian, Miss.) 1942-1960, 1944-01-21

our freedom and liberty and the lib
erty of the peoples of the world. We
pray that Thou wilt be with him and
all our boys who have gone out from
the affairs of our homes and are today
VI the battlefields of the world.
Grant to them Thy presence that they
may feel that underneath them are the
Everlasting Arms and that they are
living and fighting for a great cause.
Hasten the coming of peace and grant
that during the years ahead of US that
we may become better citizens and
more worthy servants of our state
Continued on page ~
The echo. (Meridian, Miss.) 1942-1960, 1944-01-21
IN TUSKEGEE HOSPITAL

We have received a communication
from President Geo. Pierce, Jr. OF
State Line, stating that he is confined
in the hospital in Tuskegee, Alabama.
We regret to know that Brother Pierce
is i'll and we trust that he will soon
be himself.
Office Force.
The echo. (Meridian, Miss.) 1942-1960, 1944-01-21

M7. G. =. Kelley of Charlottesville
was in the II. B. A. office last week
on business. Mr.. Kelley is prosp-
erous farmer of that section. While
in t h office he subscribed to h e
Weekly Echo.
The echo. (Meridian, Miss.) 1942-1960, 1944-01-21
CARD OF THANKS

We wish to thank DR.. r. F. Spears
and the many friends for their kind
xess and consoling words during the
illness and death of our wife and
mother.
i.... Father & Children.
The echo. (Meridian, Miss.) 1942-1960, 1944-01-21

Mr.. and Mrs. j. L. Brisco Of Green
vile. Miss left the city last week for
Los Angeles, Calf. Mrs. Brisco is
the daughter of Mr.. and Mrs. Frank
Johnson of Newton.
The echo. (Meridian, Miss.) 1942-1960, 1944-01-21

A communication from Bro. Geo.
L. Pierce, who is patient in the hos
pital a t Tuskegee, Alabama, states
Continued on page y
The echo. (Meridian, Miss.) 1942-1960, 1944-01-21

Mr.. Frank johnson of Newton
president of H. B. A. No. 468, was
pleasant visitor in the H. B. A. office
last week. The nature of his TRIP
was business.
The echo. (Meridian, Miss.) 1942-1960, 1944-01-21

DR.. T. NJ. Brownlee, white minister
The echo. (Meridian, Miss.) 1942-1960, 1944-01-21
DR.. l. NJ BrOwnlee Offered
Invocation

An Inaugural Prayer Was Offered
By DR.. T. NJ. Brownlee
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-05-24
WINNERS
In Recital

THE DETROIT MUSIC GUILD
presented one of its most inter
ested concerts Of the season by
bringing back for a guest appear
ance, John WINNER. the noted
fiutist who was formerly with the
Detroit Symphony and who now
occupies first desk with the New
York Philharmonic.
Mr.. Wummer. literally accom-
panied by his wife. who is an ex-
pert pianist and fiutist, herself,
appeared with her husband in
program which also called upon
small string section headed by
Henry Seigl.
Delightful treat TO our ears was
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-05-24

, the Concerto for Flute and Strings
by Boccherini which opened the
program in the Art Institute au-
ditorium.--C. G..
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-05-24
A FAMILIAR FACE

boDDy. sans Hitler ndlI-do anc
nouse-mustache, is very IA
miliar face 10 film fans. He's
been In comedy roles on the
screen for years and. before that,
had a merry career IN musical
comedy.
Although he was born in Ger
many. kosleek came 10 tins coun-
try long before the NazI coup. a
fact which movie press agents
consistently ignore by trying "a
make him a refugee
Its true I would never have
\ stayed I'm such country under
such conditions ne said. I'm
really Russian.
IL came 20 America prin-
eipslly because 7 wanted to act
on the screen and Hollywood
seemed such a wonderful place.
Alexander Pope who plays the
pompotis Goering. rs Detroit
hoy. Although he was born in
Hungary, he came with his pa
rents TO the United States when
he was only ? years old. He has
worked for General Motors and
appeared in stock companies both
here and Cleveland
His sister teaches IN Detroit
and his bride. who Is with him on
this tour. Is Detroit glrl.
The three are here in Connec-
tion with tho Paramount picture.
"The Hitler Gang which will
open Al the Palms-Statc and IN
the theaters throughout Michigan
June .
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1944-05-24
Hitler Gang
Looks Part
BY CHARLES GENTRY

CHATTING WITH THE Hitler
Gang" in person yesterday at the
( Statler, we found the three who
portray the terrible triumvirate
in the picture really fine fellows.
In fact, it's too bad that the
originals don't have al least some
of the fine, human characteristics
which make these three chaps so
likable.
Their resemblance TO Hitler,
Goering and Goebbels is more
than striking. It's almost I'M
c5nny and, while we enjoyed our
afternoons converse ton, we found
ourselves occasionally glaring at
the swastikas and storm trooper
outfits which they donned for the
press. We almost forgot we were
r''tiiiting- to three nice peaceabfe
actors.
Two OF the chaps. Robert Wat
on and Martin Kosleck, have
lad experience playing the parts
Of Nazis, Watson having appeared
as Hitler in Hal Roach comedy
and Kosleck as Goebbels in Con
esSions OF NaZi Spy"
That doesn't mean. how
eyer" said Watson. that we
feel exactly comfortable In the
roles and We certainly don't
want TO become typed as those
rats"
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1944-04-20

DR.. Clendening will answer
questions of general interest
only, and then only through
his column.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1944-04-20

I have known sun Fo since the
year 1919. In all those years, he
has hoped and skipped about po-
litically with amazing agility, but
always landing in Office with the
group in power His principal po-
ntical asset is that he IS the only
son OF sun Yatsen and therefore
is an adornment to any administra-
ton in China. He has often DIFF
fered from Chang Kai-shek and
there have at various times been
deep feuds between Sun Fo and
various members OF the Soong fam
lily 10 which he is only related by
the marriage of his father TO a
Soong sister after his mother had
been divorced by Sun Yat-sen.
Signs Of trouble in China are
numerous. Border difficulties with
Soviet Russia in Mongolia and
Sinkiang are developing. The SUI
ply lines between India and China
are being cut by the Japanese.
PROFESSIONALLY the Japanese are
about TO start another military
campaign against Chang Ksi-shek.
The Communist armies are grow
iny more active. T. V Soong has
been pushed from power and al
though still minister OF foreign at
fails, he has suffered a political de-
feat amounting almost to debacle
and T. V does not take that light
ly. He usually works for return
to power.
It is at such a moment that Sun
Fo issues the most violent attack
on Chang Kai-shek and the Kuo-
mintang Hefsays:
The number OF our party men,
bers is less than one per cent OF
the total population Of the coun.
tr... The Kuomintaug is an inhnit-
esimal portion Of the population.
But We have come 10 regard our
selves as II we we're the sovereign
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1944-04-20
THEY say

Washlngton-Rep. Knutson (R)
Mimi, denies he opposes lend
lease extension; 81 am not attack
ing lend-lease; I'm merely taking
off the cover to see what makes it
smell"
New Yor':-The Italian Socialist
Federation OF America adopts anti
monarchy resolution OF its secre-
tary- Vanni b. Montana: I'VE
share the view of the Italian So
cialist party that Italy should be
81 led the calamity of another
regime of dictatorship"
Evanston. Ill.-National WCTU
President Mrs. Ida b. Wise praises
Gen. MacArthur's veto OF Capt.
Eddie Rickenbackers proffered
reward" OF case OF liquor for
Flying Ace Richard !. Bong. This
Is one OF the few times when
a military leader has become a
moral leader too"
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1944-04-20
Yam kee SenOrita

mo sir. not tonight!" doomed
another voice. The three In the liv-
ing room whirled curiously to the
hall door Mallory was as aston
ished as the men, for there stood
Prism, In a glaring plaid bathrobe
and house slippers Of crocheted
wool. You gen'mum come back
some other time. I'll bake you an
apple pie just like in the United
States, but now Miss Mallory's got
to get her rest and get ready for
her singln' at the big white build
in"
Even In her informal attire there
was a firmness about the colored
woman not to be ignored. The men
got up reluctantly, draining the
last weak dregs from their glasses.
IAN light" said Latham, IF that
is the way 1t is. we bow to your
judgment"
Yes. sir" mumbled the Negroes.
Her forehead was ouckered "She's
memorizing that phrase to spring
in some future conversation" NAL
lory Baker told herself.
She walked along with the re-
porters to the door and said, See
you soon, boys" and shut 1t after
them. Thanks, Prism," she then
murmured. "for getting rid Of them
for me. That was a good excuse"
Amt no excuse, Miss Mallory.
It's the truth. Bed Is the place for
you"
"Oh, no 1t isn't. I've a date with
Carlos tonight End I intend to get
dressed for it. in something quite
fancy, incidentally"
mo call to get fancy" her maid
retorted. You amt goin' nowhere,
except right in this very room
maybe. And don't pout. Won't do
you no good"
Heavens to Betsy, Prism, you
get off your deathbed and start CIV
ing orders"
And it's a good thi..g. You know
you always have to be bossed SOS
you'll simmer down and get In
shape for your concerts. II Velvet
Name comes calm you can see
him for 80 minutes. Otherwise your
evenin' is two chops, salad, milk,
buttered toast. And bed" Without
waiting for an answer, she moved
toward the kitchenette. Some
body's ct to take you in charge
when Mr.. Tod amt In town to
do it"
But he was In town, Mallory re-
membered. Hurriedly she got Sandy
on the phone and explained his hav-
ing been at the Montecito.
Casually heraccompanist said,
"Oh, sure he was in town. But he
said you'd given him to understand
that you didn't want to be deviled
with him, so he hiked on down to
Taxco TO rest until the night OF the
first concert"
Ito Be Coptinued)
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1944-04-20
Ito Be Coptinued)

Su 70 made disclosures concern
irg the Communists which gave
Chang the legal justification for
driving the Russian advisers and
military experts out OF the coun.
try. AS he made those disclosures
to me, they were first published In
the North China Daily News for
which ! wrote and are to be found
in the 1928 China year book in
full.
When Chang reorganized the
Kuomintane government. Sun Fo
eventually found his way into 1t
and remained in il, on and of. ever
since.
1t is into this kind OF situation
that the President is sending Hen
ry Wallace II is hard to under
stand what Wallace can say to
Chang Kai-shek, TO Sun Fo, to T.
Y. Soong. to the Chinese Commun-
lists. to the Russians and Japanese
that might influence and affect this
tense situation China needs &C.
ton. not sweetness and light and
that love which only words can
express. II is a question of nation
al survival not celestial converse
ton.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1944-04-20
Wallace TO China
These Days. e ss '9'i {. soS6lsxr

power in the state. entitled to the
enjoyment OF a special position and
to suppress all criticism against
US
The I'VE" can only mean Chang
Kai.shek and will so be under
stood in China. In fact, he goes
further
For thousands OF years China
had been ruled by tyrants. Her
people were deprived of the free
dom OF political discussion in addi>
ton to the rights OF free men. To
our people, therefore, democracy
is a myth. We have TO explain what
democracy is.
For example, could We today
carry out a general election? Not
only the common people but also
tn middle and upper classes Of
our people are unfamiliar with the
habits OF holding elections. This
is known fact
This is a Chinese way OF hitting
at the present by throwing the ar
gument into an historical past. No
one in China Will misunderstand.
No one will imagine that Sun Fo
cares about what has been going
on for thousands OF years; the
point he makes Is that II is going
on today. And that means that
Sun 70, in the Kuomintang, Is at
lacking Chang Kai-shek. the head
OF his party and government. 1t is
the declaration OF a political re-
volt.
Back in 1925. when Chang Kali
shek and Sun Fo were both allied
with the Communist party In Rus
STA and China, Chang emerged as
the top man. Sun Fo didn't like
Chang then In 1925. Chang left
the Communists In Hankow and
set up a government in Kiukiang.
sun Fo remained with the Com
muaists In Hankow until their fail
ure was certain. II was then that