davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1943-11-15

This space is devoted to an
exchange of ideas, recipes,
housekeeping short cuts and
suggestions between the house.
wives in Washington and vicin-
ity. Please send your contribu-
ton or requests to Readers
Clearing House, the Womans
Page, The Evening Star"
The views expressed In this
open forum" are not neces-
sarily those of The Star, but
are simply an exchange Of opin-
ions between readers of the
Woman's Page.
AS it Is obviously impossible
for this department to test all
recipes offered for the column,
we cannot assume responsibility
for them.
Betsy .CasweH.
Evening star., 1943-11-15
Plan Holiday Table Setting Now

Replacing good table linen these
days is a chore. We may all be
thankful that informality is the
order of the day and for our family
breakfast, lunch and dinner the
brightly patterned lunch cloths or
place mats are Fundamentally ac-
cepted. But with the holidays upon
us, and every one making an effort
to makesthe season memorable in
spite of food rationing, the back
ground Of dining becomes important.
If you have put your best lace and
damask away use your ingenuity
to think up an unusual tablecloth
for Thanksgiving and Christmas. If
you have no lace and damask, this
is not exactly the time to try to find
it, and your holiday guests will
think you very smart If you whip
up a special festive board for the
occasion.
Keep in mind your china and
your glassware when you think
about tablecloth. The cloth should
be background for the china. If
your dishes are colorful or elaborate
in design they will be more effective
on a plain-colored cloth. II they
are gold-banded white china, or
another of the neat-banded patterns
they may very well use a decorative
cloth for emphasis.
If your linen wardrobe contains
cotton damask tablecloths which
have never appealed to you, this is
the time to glamourize them. Cot
ton damask has one attribute-it
takes dye beautifully. Dip it in one
Of the soap dyes and tint it a color
that will look well with your china.
If you are unusually energetic you
might applique corner and center
motifs of contrasting colored ging-
ham. We saw one which was very
handsome. Tinted pale blue it had
a 3-inch border all the way around
Of deeper blue with a Greek key
pattern across the corner. This
picked up Its motif from white china
with deep blue Greek key border.
White milk glass and deep blue
Mexican glass completed q table
Evening star., 1943-11-15
Readers Clearing House

meg and ginger. Add half Of thl
to the above creamed mixture, re-
serving the rest to mix with the
following: 2 pounds raisins, / pound
currants, pound chopped pitted
dates, u pound each Of citron, lemon
and orange peel, n pound Of
chopped nuts. Add to creamed
mixture, stir until mixed.
Bake in slow oven for TX hours.
This makes four medium-size loaf
pans. Line pans with brown paper,
cut to fit and oiled on both sides.
Thanks for the Readers Clearing
House. love it!
\ + -
PINEAPPLE TOPS.
Thanks to r. G. S., Arlington)
You have already received one
answer to q readers query as to
what to do with a pineapple top.
Mrs. L. M. M. stated hers Is flourish
ing in water. have lovely one
which is doing beautifully in soil.
It resembles a miniature palm and
require very little attention, other
than watering when the soil becomes
dry. rooted it in water, and planted
it when the roots were between 2
and 3 inches long.
I do enjoy your Clearing House so
very much. 1t gives one q feeling
of friendliness between Washington
housewives despite the fact that so
much of the population is transient
at present.
Evening star., 1943-11-15

Barbara Bell Pattern No. 1907
offers both doll and bear in one size
only, Is inches; they require 1N
yards 35-inch gingham, ~ yards
ribbon.
Are you sewing more-to save for
War bonds? You'll find stimulating
new designs for all sizes in the new
issue Of the Fashion Book, available
at Is cents, or, it may be ordered
with a 15-cent pattern for Is cents
plus cent for postage.
For this attractive pattern send Is
cents, plus l cent for postage, in
coins with your name, address, pat
tern number and size wanted to
Barbara Bell, The Washington Star,
Post ONCE Box rs, Station o. New
York II, N. Y.
Evening star., 1943-11-15

the elaborate board, though an at
tractive table has always been an
ticipated. But this year, with many
members Of the family away, with
all Of us hesitating to serve huge
amounts of food even If we could
procure 1t, all Of the little things
become more important.
Right now is the time to plan to-
ward Thanksgiving and Christmas,
and. prepare your table setting so
that it will be something to re-
member.
Evening star., 1943-11-15

uSIcUlcIlGS W C1lC C1Cd&1lCu IlAAGul e
When thoroughly mixed, line {
9x9x2-inch pan with waxed paper
Fill pan " full and bake in 350-de.
gree oven, or until test with straw
shows it to be done through.
If you prefer, top with favorite
icing.
After all, the most famous chef.
are MEN.
Editors note-All tDe'De got to
say, girls and boys. is shake
hands and come out fighting.
We're not euen going to referee
De're Just holding q ringside seat,
and are ready to duck TOR coper
at any ninute!-B. c.
THANKS AND A CAKE RECIPE.
(Thdnks to Mrs. J. F., Washington
I want to thank Mrs. w. w. c.
Of Alexandria for the lovely Shen-
andoah Valley fruit cake recipe.
I baked it in a 3-quart tube angel
food cake pan, which is the correct
size. Not being able to get cur
rants, I used raisins to substitute.
I also baked it in an electric oven
at $50 degrees for hours As min
utes. It is a lovely cake. am
baking the same cake to send to
my mother, so I was pleased to
note the lady had written in and
said that pineapple preserves could
be substituted for currants. I will
try them in my mothers cake. 1t
is indeed a lovely fruit cake recipe,
and I expect it to be in my family
for years also. Do you have any
more fine recipes?
Here is a fine recipe for a Christ
mas cake. If you wish to print it:
Pecan cake: II cup butter, pound
sugar, 6 eggs. / pound general pur-
pose flour, 1 pint wine, l pound
pecans chopped, III pounds seedless
raisins.
Line a 3-quart tube pan with
creased, heavy brown paper. Cream
together the butter and sugar. Add
the egg yolks and combine thor
oughly. Add the flour alternately
with the wine. Fold in the stifdy
beaten egg whites, the nuts and rail-
sins last. Temperature 300 degrees,
baking time 4 hours.
When cold pour wine over cake.
Prick surface with long pin for wine
TO penetrate. Pour wine over cake
for three days, each day wrap up.
Store away and in one month it's
ready to serve.
X X X
DARK FRUIT CAKE.
Thanks to Mrs. J. H. S., Arlington
To the reader asking for a dark
fruit cake, I submit my favorite,
which calls for mashed potatoes, an
article of food we are asked as a
patriotic duty to use a lot of right
now. Have made this cake for many
years, it is delicious and economical,
quite dark and moist, therefore
should be made about 6 weeks be-
fore using, else it will be hard to
cut.
Grandmother's Mashed Potato
Fruit Cake: Cream together until
very creamy, l cup of granulated
sugar, cup of brown sugar, and 2
cups of freshly mashed potatoes.
Add 4 we'll beaten eggs, Y cup OF
outtermilk or (sour milk mixed
With l teaspoon Of soda. Add one
mall bottle of maraschino cherries
md juice.
Sift together 2 cups of -four, 2
of baking powder, tea
.noOn earh of cinnamon cloves NIT
Evening star., 1943-11-15
To Remove Fish Odor

To remove the odor of fish from
tea towels and dish cloths boil them
Tor 5 minutes in l tablespoon baking
soda added to q quart of water.
Rinse in warm and then in cold
water. Soda water will also remove
the odor from the hands.
Evening star., 1943-11-15
Shrimp Creole
Sauce

2 cups milk.
4 tablespoons enriched flour.
4 tablespoons mayonnaise.
/ teaspoon salt.
u teaspoon pepper.
2 tomatoes, sliced.
2 green peppers, sliced.
l tablespoon grated onion.
Add enough of the milk to
the flour to form a paste. Add
remaining milk and cook in top
Of double boiler, stirring con-
stantly until thickened. Add
mayonnaise and seasonings and
beat with a rotary egg beater
until smooth. Add tomatoes,
green peppers and onion. Cook
S minutes. Serve on rice and
shrimp or stuffed eggs. Yield:
6 servings.
Evening star., 1943-11-15
ADVERTISEMENT.
Give Your Lazy LVeI|
This eent|e'N Nudge

feAow Noted Ohio Doesor's Advice
To Relieve CONSTIPATION!
Hfvsr bile doesn't flow ssery Isy|
Into your intsstinss-eonstipation With
tn headaches and that '1half-alivs"
feeling often result. So stir up your liver
bile how and see how much better
you should feel! Just Try DR.. Edw.rds'
Olive Tablets used % successfully for years
by Dr.. F. n. Edwards for his patients
with constipation and slusgish liver bile.
Olive Tablets, being purely sessta6ls,
afs wondsFful to stimulate bile dow and
also assure Ssxtls yet thorough bowel
movements. Test their goodness
TON1GHTl Fellow label directions.
I1b<, S0k. CO., All druGstoese.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-07-05
Boys Are
Performing
a Real
Maritime
War; irne Service

Il am glad to know that recognition is being
given to the carrier boys. You can tell them
for me that one of the vital problems of a
democracy at war is to get the news-the facts
to the people. In this war, news is actually
weapon. Carrier statesmen are performing a
REAL war time service in helping to bring war
news to the homes they serve"
Elmer Davis, o WI Director
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-07-05
President
Roosevelt
LaudS Sales
of War Stamps
by Newspaper
Boys

g. the job the American newspaper boys
have been doing is an inspiration to all of
U.S.. My congratulations to the boys, their
mothers and fathers, and the newspaper or
CARNATIONS who are making this great con-
tributon to our war effort"
FRANKLIN DELANO ROOSEVELT
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-04-10

institutions rooted -. F.. our liberties secured.
In this faith, more than ever before, America
needs that.we be strong today.
We must strengthen our belief in the spir-
tual realities which are the life roots Of our
American tradition.
Wemust return to the passionate convictions
of our ancestors who wrote that faith into the
motto of our country: IN God We Trust"
Make your faith an active daily part of
personal life Go to church regularly.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-04-10

And Take the Family to Sunday School
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-04-10
AND KEEP THE FAITH with THEM

= ROM every church in America men and boys
have gone away =. to serve their country in it's
time of need.
We at home must fill their empty places =.
in the church. as in the factory
We must share with them the spirit of their
service the burden of their sacrifice.
And with them, we must keep the faith in
which the freedom they defendwas born--faith w
in God. 49,. \"
In this faith our country was founded :. our
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-07-20

BUCKY RYAN says He win pay highest
dollar for 1935-lq36-1q37-1 and 1893
automobiles Call no. 1872. ISL Livernois.
BUYING CARS. any condition. for Junk.
Atas Auto Parts. ef37 Livernois. North
lawn q12S
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-07-20

Al Stude. Champ. Sedans, $3.50
30 miles per gallon radios heaters trade
ar bank rates T. ~ Gregory
1856 Gratiot, Open TO $50 T. M.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-02-28
n Memory of Son Killed In Action
86 Outstate Soldiers
Also on Latest
Army Casually List

her husband had b e en- returned
unopened came 10 Mrs. Bryant at
the plant January %.
A 17-year-old son, George Pat
terson, is naval petty officer,
third class. on active duty.
Press dispatches first mentioned
Pvt. William +. Vidor. p, OF Pom
tiac, when he landed in Australia.
An article told of his going down
a gangplank with a "turnip' which
he said he hoped to feed 20 the
Japs as soon as possible. A "turnip'
is a hand grenade. Pvt. Wider was
killed last December.
Sgt. Harold p. O'Connell %, sor
Of Guy O'Donnell. 34i3 Wabash
was with American forces storm
ing New Guinea when japanese
bullet stopped him. He formerly
attended the University of Detroit
On Christmas Day. from an Aus
tralian hospital cot. he wrote:
Nothing serious, Dad. but will
will be in Australia for a while"
Eight days later he died.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-02-28

letter home, arriving in November,
was brief.
A postscript said:
It'll tell you all about this
when get back .. if 1 ever get
back"
Cpl. Oscar Parmentier, son of
Mr.. and Mrs. Eugene Parmentier
of 1858 BeaconSheld, was we'll
known in Detroit amateur sports.
He was member of the South
eastern High School swimming
team and later was a champion
intermediate class speed skater.
He died in the Southwest Pacific.
Pvt. Alex G. Hill, 81, of 28S
Walper, ClawSon. did not know
that his mother was dead when he
went down fighting in the South
west Pacific.
/ She died last June, The youths
4 father. Thomas Hill. said:
HE knew his mother was i'll
when he was home on his last
furiough and he said then that
IL anything happened to mother,
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-02-28
Wyandotte Drive
For Bonds Ends

The Wyandotte warShip b on d
drive ended Saturday with enough
bonds sold to buy a victory cruiser
81 100000 worth.
! The drive went over the $1,000
900 goal when The light and water
department paid S135, 900 for II
foot model cruiser at the clty's
bond auction in Roosevelt H h
School.
Frank N. ISbey Michigan bond
sales chief. awarded the treasury
departments Bulls-cyc flag TO the
Wyandotte police department. first
Michigan law enforcement grout
so recognized.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-02-28
Free War Worker
In Killing Of Baby
Father Says His Gun
Was Fired Accidentally

Alexander Wnuk, 81 year = o
father, Saturday was released from
police custody after being ques-
toned in the accidental fatal
shooting of his 9-month-old daugh-
ter.
1--WE have decided that the
shooting was purely accidental"
said Inspector John o. Whitman
OF the homicide squad.
He said that Wnuk was released
after consultation with Julian G..
Mcintosh. chief assistant prose-
cutor. and after detectives had
questioned all persons involved, in
Guiding Mrs. Wnuk and neighbors.
The accident occurred when the
young father was cleaning a %
caliber pump gun in the Wnuk
home at 6105 DoremuS.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-02-28
Mayor Appoints
9 10 Same Posts
On Commissions
g. 10 5-Year Terms
Filled Out by JeHries;
Many important Jobs

ReappointncntS Of nine Detroit
ers TO various city commissions
for three and four-year terms was
announced Saturday by Mayor
JeffrieS.
Reappointcd were:
Edgar E. WhitComb. 2S} Lake
shore, to arts commission for
term ending March ], 1877;
John Panchuk. 59ll Harvard.
r NJ. Walker. pas Edison and
Milton Selander, l2740 GriggS,
10 city plan commission. for
terms ending March l, 1916.
Nate s. Shapcro. 1921 Strath-
coma. to board OF fire commits
sionerS. for term ending March
!. 1917: Health Commissioner
Walter J. DoSSin, 450 keelSon,
for term ending Feb. 2S. 1917.
John c. Dancy. $3.50 FiTwood.
10 the house of correction COM
mission for term ending March
!. 1e47: Edward {. Roney. 1923
IroQuoiS. 10 board of water COM
miSsionerS. for term ending
March /. 1917. and Mrs. Oscar
G.. Starrett, 2237 Calvert. 10 the
public welfare commission, for a
similar term.
Louis j. Colombo Jru 2OO47
Shrewsbury road. was appointed
10 the public lighting commits
sion for term ending April 4.
1913, 10 I'LL the unexpired term
of Kenneth Fischer. resigned.
Samuel w. Ecib, fTT5TT4 Rosefawn.
was appointed TO the municipal
athletic commission for term
ending March /, 1913.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-02-28
ID. s. Chart

Detroit and vicinity - Warmer with
moderate 20 occasionally fresh winds
Shippers forecast Protect shipments dur
ing the next 20 hours for North IS 20
20 degrees. west 20 10 IS degrees. south.
20 10 rs degrees east. 40 70 Is degrees.
DETROIT DATA
Depa from normal temperature since
January 4. II.
Departure from normal precipitation since
January ]. 80 inch,
Degree days Tor Friday. February "a. AZ
Normal for February 2s "a
Accumulated degree dayS his mon
eel
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-02-28

by surprise" said Mrs. Julia
Riske, 4l68 Mcclellan, mother
of Sgt. Gustav p. Riske. 81,
killed in action on Guadalcanal.
"Gus was always alert, wiry
and capable of taking care of
himself" she said.
A former student at CaSs Tech
High School, he worked in a tool
and die shop prior to induction.
"He was real leader of
neighbor boys" said Mrs. Riske.
"He used TO take groups Of
them out on boating and fishing
trips"
Pfc. Nick C SaroS. %, killed in
New Guinea. wrote a few weeks
before his death:
whatever happens, will
|. fight like n Greek and not dis
grace my fathers name
FIRST OF GREEK DESCENT
His parents, Mr. and Mrs
George Saros, 291S Beniteau. be-
lieve that he is the first Ameri'
can of Greek descent from the
Detroit area TO be killed in World
War III.
'He was n good boy" said
Mrs. Saros. "Just little while
ago he sent money home for
$50 War Bond"
With the death message, sale
the parents, came the note from
Gen. Marshall;
"He was gallant soldier OF
the United States Army who
served with honor in defense of
his country"
Pfc. Saros attended Southeast.
ern High School and worked in 2
war factory before being indicted
four days after Pearl Harbor.
SGT, Stephen Ross. %. son oi
MrS,-AnHa- Ress- ef 1899 zHfHhf'
bull. was killed in action while
serving as an army air force gun
ner in bombing raid over Ger
man-held territory in Western
Europe
His last note home came after
his parents were notified of his
death. Enclosed was his usual
monthly gift.
GIVES HER MONEY
The note said:
you'll need this money,
mother. 7 won't.
Three youths of "a died in New
Guinea-Staff Sgt Ernest Lada
Pfc. Joseph Nowak and Sgt. Stan
ley +. RomanowSki
The parents of Sgt. Lada Mr.
and Mrs. Charles Lada Of 1887
Thaddeus, received a picture from
him shortly before his death.
Scrawled on the back were tho
words:
, distance cannot keep my love
from yOu--Ernie."
Sgt. Lada. a graduate Of South
western High School, entered the
army two years ago.
Stanley NOWak OF 3461 Martin
father OF Pfc. Nowak, heard from
his son the last time November Is
THE heat II terrific, hut we're
getting along all right" he wrote.
In the army 10 months, he al
tended ChadSey High School anC
was employed by General Motors.
Sgt. Romanowski OF 1913 Chopin
was a former basketball star a
'ChadSey High School. His las
ApVERTIsFMFNT
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-02-28
STRICTLY SUPERVISED

Every shipment Of American
oil OF gasoline to Spain is strictly
supervised there, both as 10 ITS
distribution and use, by official
American observers.
The economic agreement which
permits Spain to obtain oil from
the Caribbean also enables the
United States 10 purchase vital
Spanish raw materials which
otherwise would 90 to the AXIS
The agreement is considered &c
have an important bearing on the
maintenance of Spanish neutrality
in the world conflict.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-02-28
Standard Of Living
Below 1882 Foreseen

WASHINGTON, Feb. 27 ms.
Some senators investigating the
situation today pre-
dicted the American standard OF
living will fall below the 1882 de-
preston level as a result of pos
Sible food shortage and other
business restrictions.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-02-28
Warren Police Raid
Night Drinking Spot

After hours drinking Of 80 pa
irons was interrupted early Sat
urday when Warren Township
police swooped down on Wood
Hamburger Stand in Dequindre
road near lO-Mlle.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-02-28
LETTERS RETURNED

Also killed in the Southwest
Pacific are two youths from Royal
Oak-Staff Sgt. Norman NJ. Dow
ney, q. and Cpl. Clarence J. Van
Vranken, %.
Sgt. Downey Is the son Of Mr.
and Mrs. Michael Downey of 231I
Ferncliff. Cpl. Vranken is the sor
of Mr.. and Mrs. c. A. Van Vranker
of 736 Gardenia Each has &
brother in the army.
AT Flint, Mrs. Dortha Bryant |!
turning out war weapons at Buicl
Motors for soldiers more fortunate
than her husband, Cpl Ernest w
Bryant. 81. killed December z II
the North African invasion.
A war department telegram ex
planning why her recent letters (,
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-02-28
5000 Take a Look
At a Million Dollars

The Silent Sabotuer," the
treasury departments display of
enemy counterfeit money, motion
pictures and million dollars IN
cash. drew 5000 persons last week.
il was announced Saturday.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-02-28

Order War Stamps delivered
to your home by your Detroit
Times carrier
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-02-28
NONE FROM u. $.

While the per capita amount OF
oil available to Spanish motorists
was slightly higher last month
than that allowed TO American
motorists in the eastern states
state department officials pointed
out that no oil is being shipped
from the United States 10 Spain
Under the economic agreement
Spain is permitted TO obtain OF
from the Caribbean area ano
transport il in Spanish tankers.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-02-28
Envoy Speech
Stirs Row Over
Oil Sent Spain
Petroleum Exchanged
for Raw Materials; lis
Not Shipped From u. S.

WASHINGTON. Feb. 81 INS)
"A year-old economic agreement
between the United States ano
Spain today was causing consld'
cradle discussion in Washington
because of "a misunderstanding
over oil shipments to Spain.
The misunderstanding developed
out of a speech delivered in BARGE
Iona yesterday by Carlton j. II
Hayes. American ambassador.
In disclosing officially that tht
United States has been permitting
the shipment 10 Spain OF oil, cot
ton. food and other products
Hayes said the amount Of petro
leum deposits available in Spair
now is considerably higher thar
the present per capita distribution
10 the people of the Atlantic sea
board Of the United States itself.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-02-28

ne didn't want TO know about ii
until the war is over"
Taking up the fight is a younger
Hill, Russell, Is, who has just been
drafted.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-02-28
TWO OTHER SONS

The two other sons OF Mrs.
Frisco. Charles, 20. and Frank,
q, have followed the eldest into
service. Pfc. Frisco is a graduate
of Eastern High School.
"The Japs must have got him
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-02-28
"a Other Homes Here
Mourn Deaths
Of Kin on All Fronts
Nv ROBERT swARTHoUT

In tho William A. Monda home
1855 Stoepel, a candle burns for
1t. George l.. Monda, 20. killed in
action over The sands OF North
Africa.
The namc Of 1t. Monda appears
on the list of 760 American
soldiers. 81 from the Detroit area
and Sc from other Michigan towns
announced killed in all theatCrS OF
war IN the latest release by Tho
war department.
II will keep a candle burning,
night and day. for the rest Of
my life" said his mother, Mrs.
William a. Monda.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-02-28
RITE.WAY PAYS YOUR FARES

her Won buy heret John r. buses stop at our
dooysi Woodward cars block westl Dexter, woodrow
Wilson buses blocks west Csss Save tires; sss-
Open Monday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday TIL r. M
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-02-28
DRAPED IN BLACK

At 9049 Russell, the family OF
IRuSsian-born George Bernstein has
draped in black the picture of Cpl.
Max Bernstein, 33, also killed in
action in North Africa.
Previously. Cpl. Bernstein had
faced without injury the antitank
guns of Oran in the invasion OF
Africa.
Mr.. and Mrs. Adolph Frisco
1895 Beals. reported that their
son. Pfc. Samuel A. Frisco, y
killed in Africa. loved the army
and wanted to make il his life ca
reer.
He hoped 10 become n COM
missiened officer" said Mrs.
Frisco. II think he would have
made tiff they hadn't needed
him in Africa"