davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1943-02-04
Worth Examining

For the first year Of the war the
average citizen undoubtedly was in
favor Of doing whatever he was told
: to do "for defense" providing the
person advocating it spoke with some
degree OF authority. But the time
has come when some healthy
skepticism may save the hard
pressed taxpayer 4 few dollars with
which to meet his bills.
: A case In point Is the proposed In
crease from $21 900 to $155 900, and
from. eight to forty-two employees, in
the budget of the Civilian Mobiliza-
ton Division. This division, an
auxiliary Of civilian defense under
the recent reorganization ordered by
the Commissioners, will carry on
various activities recommended by
the National Once OF Civilian De-
Tense. Some of them may be worth
while. But the first test Of these
proposals, of course, should be their
necessity. The second should be to
sdetermine whether existing agencies
are capable Of carrying them on.
And the third should be to find out
II the activity calls for volunteer
effort on the part of the citizens, or
merely provides additional jobs. For
II it is not worth while doing volun-
tarily, It may not be worth while
doing ct all.
The Commissioners are wise in
deciding to ask for Congressional
approval Of the public funds to be
spent for civilian mobilization; not
because the activities are necessarily
TO b disparaged. but because 1t is
high time for some real examination
Of their justincation Is Z public
expense.
Evening star., 1943-02-04

uced medicine In Georgia. The date
OF his death Is given as 1924. Mr..
thomson, summing up his contribu-
tion to American freedom, declares:
"The imponderable factor Of the
moral effect Of (his) activities can
not be underestimated; he gave the
commanders of the British ships a
feeling of insecurity and an anxious
awareness of constant danger which
deferred them from executing many
coastwise movements and otherwise
employing preponderant = sea
power to greater advantage"
Evening star., 1943-02-04
Complains About Neglect"
OF Streets After Storm.

To the Editor Of The Star:
Something ought to be done about It.
I refer to the neglect OF streets during
the past few days. Not only will the
streets need costly repairs when the leo
has disappeared but the transportation
system will suffer near complete break
down. The wear and tear on tires, buses,
cabs. trucks and private automo-
biles caused by this neglect on the
part Of the District amounts to nothing
short Of sabotage to the war effort.
Every one has listened to the cry to save
rubber. Has the District been deaf to
this cry. that the Commissioners let the
ice pile UP In heaps? Every day more
buses have to be taken OF tho streets
for repair. Buses use materials vital to
our war effort. do not believe that
It has bsen impossible TO do anything
about it. Some streets have been cleared
some Of those that are not used BY
buses. Well-trayeled highways In Mary
land have been cleared.
And then there is the time lost BY
Government and private employees who
struggle for hours to get to work, to
say nothing Of the wear and tear on the
mental and physical condition q these
individuals. ABUe HIDER.
Evening star., 1943-02-04
Sermons in the Fields.


He loped that lepsl Western land, the
plains:
But uhen he came to minister for the
msn
And foonsen ,Oho torun0 their Hutn0
from the thin
And stony acres OF these Casters
hills,
He ors,o to lops this land as Deu.
He ,ods a farmer, too, and found
sermons
In the very turrops his osDn plosO
turned
TO frosty November days, and drying
April suns.
And 50 he preached to those uho
knetc
The hrmness Of htlls and thet,
tcarmth.
There ,Dere lean years, but It Das hts
1uish
To serpe God and Hts people, to com.
fort
And console those ,ohoss peathsred
faces
Revealed the ,Deay OF years In suns
and rains.
For halt century he took his place
Each tDeek In the pulpit Of the old
country church
Where elm leaves brushed the
steepled root,
Where summer tDinds brought IN the
OF the fields, and clear sharp cold
Touched the colored windoacs Nth
stluered ice.
He tods eaghty-toHY ,Dhen he rethed-
Evsn then 10 ,pouM not lsave the
land. the earth,
HIS htlly pastoyats hs had oro,on to
loue,
Hills and people ,ohoss trtendNness
and songs
Bring him the sojtest OF music for
hts quiet hours.
LANSING CERl0T1kAN.
Evening star., 1943-02-04
ROCKVILLE, Nd.

'Dear Sir:
Going through . diary I kept last
year. mostly Of my garden operations.
came across the mention OF two trag-
edies, and believe that>a word about
them In your column might help some
bird lover avoid the mistakes that caused
them.
Last Palm Sunday. right after the
snowstorm, We found q junco with a
broken wing, hopping under pine tree.
We made . cage OF chicken wire in a
corner Of our sunroom, covered it with
. travelling blanket.
THE bird seemed to like his new home,
and soon was able to ny instead Of hop
ping around In the cage. thought
it time for him to join his fellows for the
trip north, 80 decided to free him.
Il lifted the blanket. and out of the
cage he new like an arrow, straight for
the window. His head hit the glass. his
neck was broken, and two minutes later
he was dead. The sweet, pretty victim
Of my carelessness I still feel guilty
about 1t.
by pulling the shades down, and
opening the door wide, he would have
gone out into the sunshine. where ma
ture would have taken care of him. But
did not think.
my second victim was bluebird.
Il found him one spring day on the
floor Of the tool shed.
"The door to that shed had once
Yale lock. but 1t was removed to put on
some other door, and 1t left hole about
inches across.
"The bird, searching for . home, en-
tered the shed through that hole, but
was unable to get out because of the
large window that made the place too
light-he could not ind the lock hole.
He died in there. probably Of exhaus-
ton. Carelessness again. The hole
could have been covered. But we did not
think.
could you also. In your ever-inter-
esting column, tell US something Of bird
houses-when to put them up. size, etc?
Sincerely yours o. c."
Tragedies such - these cannot b
viii not worry about them any more.
It is . good thing. however. to tell
shout them, 70 that others can save
Themselves from making the sayne mis-
takes.
Such mistakes are not the result Of
thoushtlessness 20 much . Of lack Of
experience.
Helping the, birds Il = new thing, conn
paratively speaking, in the world.
II 4 only within the past half cen-
tury or 80 that man has realized the
debt he owes these helpers of his asri-
cultural efforts.
Think Of the really great tragedy Of
the destruction Of the passenger pigeons
Millions Of them. not Just one. were
clubbed to the ground by whoopins men
and boys. who carried torches. and made
night hideous With shouting and de-
struction.
Compared with that terrific scene. re-
Evening star., 1943-02-04
Roilroud Problems

AIlOCAlcI c1culCllI VI uIlCcI ILdlIlCy HAS
been injected into the affairs of the
railroads, the retirement of David
J. Lewis leaving the National Me-
diation Board without a quorum to
deal with the brotherhoods' wage
demands. But one member remains
on the board, and President Roose-
velt must fill at least one of the two
vacancies, as we'll as settle the
question of jurisdiction that has been
raised by the War Labor Board, be-
fore the wage problem can be
threshed out. In the meantime, the
carriers are busily occupied in an
other direction also, trying to head
of the rate cut sought by the Board
of Economic Sterilization and Office
of Price Administration, in a pro-
ceeding before the Interstate Com
merce Commission.
The Mediation Board has failed
to effect a settlement between the
railroads and the fifteen non-oper-
ating unions which want twenty
cent hourly increase. and under
ordinary conditions. the matter
would 60 to the National Railway La
Dor Panel set up by the President as
a wartime adjunct Of the Mediation
Board. Since the labor panel was
given final jurisdiction" over such
disputes, however, the War Labor
Board has come on the scene with
Its wide wage-stabilization powers,
and the question now is whether the
labor board or labor panel Is to have
the last say. Once this point Is set
tied, the case OF the incorporating
unions can be carried forward to q
conclusion and Z pattern will be set
for action on the demands Of the f1ve
operating brotherhoods for 80 per
cent increase. Negotiations between
this group and the railroads have not
reached the stage where the Media
ton Board Is called on, but It Is only
q question Of time until they do. !
There Is something incongruous
about the situation in which the rail-
roads have become involved. The
rates which the Board Of Economic
stabilization and Once Of Price Ad-
ministration want to cut were granted
to the industry . year ago to- COM
pensate for = pay increase dictated
by the White House. Now the move
for return to the former levels Ia
being made In advance Of Z decision
on the new wage demands, although
it naturally might be expected that
the subject Of rates and wages would
be treated together. On top Of this
comes the tie-up Of Federal rail wage
adjustment machinery.
In passing, 1t Is hitting to say that
the retirement Of Mr.. Lewis from the
Mediation Board terminates = no.
table public career. A product Of the
Maryland mines, he served the Gov
ernment with distinction over span
Of more than thirty years, in Con-
gress, the Tariff Commission, and
finally, In the post he now relin-
OlliSheS
Evening star., 1943-02-04
O0ers Another Plan
Fer Tax Payments.
!. CHAPLIN BRECKENRIDGE.

TO the Dditor Of The Star:
I want to offer = suggestion which ap-
pears to me could be made workable
plan to combine the best features of the
Ruml and the current income tax plans.
Since March Is win be the date Of
payment under the current plan and
would possibly be the earliest date for
payment under the Ruml plan, three
months taxes would be due under either
plan. Why not accept the current plan
and then. deduct from payrolls equal
amounts Of one-ninth OF the balance
which would complete payments by De-
cemher Is, lo43, and have no interest
charges on deferred monthly payments
II paid when due?
This plan would save the hundreds Of
thousands Of dollars which have already
besn spent on printed matter, blanks.
envelopes, ETC.. and on the training Of
personnel. and lo42 taxes would be paid
- good business practice indicates they
should be.
Al m alternative. the entire amount
could b divided into tefiths and begin
Evening star., 1943-02-04
Letters to the Editor
Raises Pertinent Questions
At,.uN npA Rn~Arlrtanns

Raises Pertinent Questions
About OPA Restrictions.
TO the nditor Of The star:
The publicly expressed view Of Price
Administrator Brown that the so-called
ban on pleasure driving constitutes .
condition necessary or appropriate in
the public interest" could stand some
explanation.
It 10 not question Of the amount Of
gasoline to be allowed to any class Of
citizens. That i the proper function Of
the administrator and all good citizens
will cooperate by making cheerfully
such personal sacrifice as may be neces-
sary to keep within any ration allowed
them upon an equitable and impartial
basis.
The protest arises because oPA has
assumed to tell citizens what they may
do with the gasoline which has been
allotted them as their share Of what IS
available It is not evident that such
an invasion Of personal liberty Is con-
dition either necessary or appropriate In
the public interest.
II one Of two citizens walks to obtain
essential foods and drives to obtain de-
sirable recreation and the second re-
verses the procedure, Why is one acting
more in the public interest than the
other? II one citizen clubs to the full
capacity Of his car In driving to his
work and uses some Of the gasoline
saved by economical driving to take his
family to . concert, why Is he to Be
condemned as lawless individual while
his neiehbor who uses more gasoline
driving solo to and from his ONCE re-
mains respectable In the view Of your
administration
Another ruling Of OPA needs further
examination. Why does the investment
Of the same sum In two cars instead OF
single one of the same weight entitle
citizen to . larger share Of such gaso-
line ~ Is available7
II conditions affecting the production
and transportation Of gasoline for ci-
william use make it necessary to reduce
the consumption, either appeal for .
voluntary conservation or reduce the
rations and OPA will have the loyal
support Of most Americans but 1t would
be well to avoid interfering with the use
made Of rationed goods If the people are
to believe that we are fighting for de-
mocracy.
p. CHAPLIN BRECKENRIDGE
Evening star., 1943-02-04

Q. How far can . camel travel In o
day7-R. N. q.
A. A riding camel can cover about
100 miles day.
O., What Is the name for the tower.
ing, pointed hsaddress worn b. women
In the Middle Ages7--s. D.
A. Hennin. In England II vas
known a. the steepls headdfsn ana
sometimes reached length Of 10 q -
feet.
9. What language Il spoken IN Ics.
land3-N. v. ,.
A. Icelandic. It Is language which
has no dialects, and has remained prae-
tically unchanged since the time when
1t was the common tongue Of all the
Northern European peoples.
Q. Were the pyramids IN America
built for the same purpose . thoss
IN EUpt7-M. T. A.
A. Tho pyramide a Centrei America
were constructed chiefly q foundations
for temples Or shrtnes. wiaile those h
Egypt wore primarily toGAbs q n1nu.
ments.
O. Why do English people call derby
hat . 'bowler''2-C. ". 0.4sus
A. Because the hat was designed In
1850 BY an Enslish hattss named sWu.
Ham Bowler. ss
q. Who Is the composer of the talns
to which MY Country It's of Thee" =
suns7-B. L.
one Of the most popular melodies IN the
world. Besides being the tune Of
Britains God Save the King" and
former 0srmanys Hell Dir I'm Sieser.
krans," 1t Il recognised also IN Denmark.
Sweden, Norway and Switzerland.
9. When we're toll bridges f,rst useds
"A. W. II.
A. There Is legend that Charle.
mango authorized the flrst toll bridge.
but It IS probable that they we're Ia
existence even before his day.
q. How did sirlotn besf get its nameS
20. v. s.
A. The term "sirloin." which has de-
scended from the French "surlonge,s
meaning above the loin." has given riss
to number of stories about the Joint
having been knishtsd bsoauss Of its
inestimable qualities. One authority
states that King Henry vIn Of England
did %. The ceremony has also been
attributed to King James I and TO King
Charles II Of England.
Evening star., 1943-02-04
C0rrects Error
Concerning Langston Project.

COfroCtS Error
Concerning Langston Project.
To the Editor Of The Star:
am sure you agree that credit should
be given where credit Is due-but some.
body didn't check up on the authenticity
Of his information. In Sundays Star
there was not only long article. but Z
picture telling Of the accomplishments
Of WPA,. among which was listed the
Laneston terrace housing project. That
project, however, was not built BY WpA
but was built by the Housing Division Of
Secretary 1ckes' PWA. know whereof
! speak. as was secretary TO the director
Of housing, PWA. at the time.
ESTHER ROTH
Evening star., 1943-02-04

Lost: Army, 100000 men, some
where in Russia between October,
1912. and January. l943. Liberal re-
ward. Address Antonescu, Bucha-
rest, Rumania.
Evening star., 1943-02-04
First Submarine

People commonly think of the SUBJ
marine As q relatively modern de-
velopment, but in point Of fact it is
older than the United States. An
article by David Whittet Thomson,
printed In the current number Of
the Naval Institute Proceedings, tells
how Connecticut Yankee invented
the "first workable" submersible for
use against the British fleet during
the Revolution.
]. David Bushnell by name, the de-
signer Of the craft 80 described was
. native Of saybrook, born about 1742.
Certain experiments conducted while
4 student at Yale led Him to conceive
~ man-propelled submarine boat on
the outside shell Of which was at
tachsd = wooden magazine contain
Ing gunpowder and clock mechan-
Ism for igniting 1t at any particular
time" Heavy oak beams were used
for the walls" Of the monster" and
its exterior appearance was said to
resemble = structure which would
result from joining together the
upper shells OF two turtles and weight
Ing the whole 20 that the tail end
pointed downward and the head
skyward"
Bushnell's novelty, however, was
not 20 impractical rs 1t seemed to
bystanders who watched its creation.
The Dictionary of American History
/. says: ''The vessel was equipped with
q vertical and horizontal screw pro-
peller and rudder, operated by hand
from the interior; 4 water guage to
indicate the boats depth; compass
for direction, lighted up with phos-
phorous; foot-operated valve in the
keel to admit water for descending,
and two hand-operated pumps to
eject water for ascending. The
magazine or torpedo was located
above the rudder and was connected
by a line with a wooden screw, turned
from within, which could be driven
into 4 ships hull. A further arrange
ment was contrived 50 that, as the
submarine moved away, the clock
work In the mechanism was set in
motion, having been previously set
to ignite the charge at a certain
time, the maximum being IL hours"
Only 7h feet long and 8 feet deep
and holding air enough to last only
half IN hour, the Turtle nevertheless
did embody several principles now in
use. It had coming tower with
small glass ports through which the
operator peered" and a hinged brass
hatch which could be screwed down
until 1t was watertight." The failure
Of the craft when at last George
Washington ordered 1t put into serv-
ice accrued from circumstance
which Bushnell with all his genius
had not anticipated. 1t was a ma
chine" Of wood and the ship chosen
for 1t to attack-Lord Howe's Eagle,
moored In New York Harbor-was
provided with a metal Jacket" which
the screw to hold the torpedo could
not penetrate.
The inventor was appointed a
captain lieutenant In the Corps OF
6appers and Miners, forerunner Of
the Engineer Corps, and rose to COM
mand Of that branch Of the Army
In 1883. A mystery surrounds his
later career. Under the alias Of ''Dr.
Bush" he taught school and prac-
Evening star., 1943-02-04

For untold centuries horSeShOes
have been thought to be lucky. Now
adays the farmer who has four spares
for old Dobbin knows he Is lucky.
Evening star., 1943-02-04
HOME DOCTOR BOoK-1hs COM

HOME DOCTOR BOOKING COM
mon cold accounts for moro days lost
from wage-earning and school than
any other disease. During wartimss
1t Is very necessary to b on the Job
every day-every working day speeds
our production. How to avoid the
common cold which plays such havoc.
how to treat It once It has taken hold,
and how to prevent another y In
cluded In this 40-page publication
which contains information on more
than 50 common ailments. 10 secure
your copy Of this booklet incioss 10
cents In coin wrapped In this clip
ping and mail to The Star InformA.
ton Bureau.
Name
Address
Evening star., 1943-02-04

If we know our British, the Nazis
eventually will be sorry they sank
the Avenger. A new one will be built
which will more than avenge the
sinking of her nameSake.
Evening star., 1943-02-04

Turkish bath proprietors are said
to have great difficulty In keeping
their help-just another aspect Of
the rubber shortage, Of course.
Evening star., 1943-02-04

Letters to the Editor must
bear the name and address OF
the acrtter, although the use OF
a pseMd0nym for publication Is
permissible. The Star rsserpes
the right to edit all letters NTH
q UtelC to condensation.
Evening star., 1943-02-04

ming March Is one-tenth paid each
month to December IS, when full pay
ment would have been completed. Also
the uncertainty In the Ruml plan OF
computing what amount should be al-
located to monthly payments On an In
definite income for 1o43 would be elimi-
mated.
II the l942 income tax Il deferred"
but not forgiven" taxpayers will have
an additional burden each year OF max
ing payments upon that tax.
JOHN w. WEIGH.
Gives Theory Of Explanation
For Low Msrale" In Washington.
To the Editor Of The star:
A new star hangs on the horizon for
the taxpayer. Representative Ramspeck
and his special committee have entered
the field to make study Of civil service
personnel practices. Perhaps the long
awaited Judgment day is ct hand.
Ny sympathy goes out to those cour-
ageous investigators. They probably do
not real1Se into what sort of morass they
are plunging. Thousands Of wrongs
have piled one on top Of another until
whoever ventures into the Jungle" win
need the courage Of Daniel and the
fortitude Of . Livingstone.
But the situation must be licked. It
has been said We are hghting two wars
one Of them abroad and the other one
right here In Washington. This latter
Is paper war, and sometimes think it
comes nearer begging us down than does
the lead-and-steel war across the seas.
One thing certain: It seriously impedes
our effort In winning the real war. Any
Of Us engaged in the paper war arrives
at this same conclusion sooner or later.
Usually sooner. Which explains why
Tin case Mr.. Roosevelt has never realized
it, Of all places our President has visited
he finds morale the lowest In Washing
ton. DARING-TO TO-BE-A-DANTEIA
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1943-02-03
Beauty Tips

QUESTION: IL haze spent sir
weeks near my husbands camp In
the South and uhile there acquired
q lopely suntdn. I haze Just re-
turned to nv home and haze taken
a JOB In an Office. ! hare been at II
less than t,Do Deeks. but already
mv tan is fading. HoW can pre-
serpe it or at least the Illusion of 1t?
A tan Is becoming to me. without IL
n,y skin looks pale and sallo,o. and
I don't Ddnt sympathy rioht notD
Army WIFE"
II you have q sun lamp. use 1t
every night to keep the warm color
In your skin. You can buy one of
the old carbon arc type lamps quite
cheaply-if you can find II. Or YOU
can go to q beauty shop and have
sun tan treatments there at a rea-
sonable cost. Another suggestion Is
that YOU preserve the appearance
of q tan bv using a liquid complex
ion tint or q sun-toned foundation.
There Is q grand one called bronze
beauty balm. that keeps the skin
moist and youthful. just right for
your makeup.
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1943-02-03
Adm. Noble Has
Job of Fighting
Nazi U>Boats ;,
By TALBOT LAKE

IN THE famous ten days OF the
I conference between Churchill
and Roosevelt at CaSablanca, some
of the hours must have been de-
voted to plans TO combat the Nazi
submarine war. Admittedly and
outSpokenly. it is the worst Allied
headache at the moment. All that
went on at the conference concern
ing the war is probably secret. but
there is a hint of some more uni
fled commands being arranged to
hasten complete victory.
The name most often mentioned
as the key to the submarine prob
lem is that of Admiral Sir Percy
Lockhard Noble. This British Ad-
miral. now 62 years old and with 48
years of experience in the British
Navy. is thought to be the best man
to direct all Allied anti-submarine
work. About a year ago. Sir Percy
was made Communicating Chief OF
the Western Approaches. Just about
the most important position the
British Navy had to offer. He now
spends much time in Washington.
It was his job to coordinate the
Raj. Ministry of Shipping and the
Navy in wiping out the submarines
infesting the vital waters around
Britain. and to see that ships car
rying goods to En- land got
through.
The Admiral Joined the Navy
during Queen Victoria's reign. He
was made a captain in 1918. rear
admiral In 1924. Fourth Sea Lord
and Chief of Supplies in 1885. and
in 1888 he took over the important
China Station.
Sir Percy has not been much In
the public eye, for he is man Of
action and confines himself closely
to Navy work. He has the reputa-
ton of being extremely efficient. a
strict disciplinarian. quick and a
hard worker. In q country where
all the men Of means go in for ex-
cellent clothing. Sir Percy holds
the reputation Of being the best
dressed man in the British Navy.
Very probably he isn't much both
cred by such trivialities these days
submarines of the Nazi variety be-
ing more important than the cor
rect tie or the drape Of a coat.
This war cannot be won quickly
without removing the U-boat men,
ace. Unified command to combat 1t
Is the best method Of cleaning 1t
up. and perhaps Sir Percy Noble
will be the man for the Job.