Evening star., 1943-09-13

lions. in helping the war-torn world
to heal its wounds.
am sure also that QUIZ Nation
and each of the nations associated
today in the greatest cooperative
enterprise in history-the winning
of this war-intends to do its part,
after the victory of the United
Nations, in meeting the immense
needs Of the postwar period.
Those needs will embrace the task
of taking practical steps to create
conditions in which there will be
security for every nation; in which
each nation will have enhanced op-
portunities to develop and progress
in ways of its own choosing; in
which there will be, for each ma
ton. improved facilities to attain,
by it's own effort and in cooperation
with others, an increasing measure
Of political stability and of eco
nomic, social and cultural welfare.
II our Nation and like-minded
nations fail in this task, the way
will be open for new rise Of in
ternational anarchy, for new and
even more destructive wars, for an
unprecedented material and spirit
ual impoverishment of mankind.
Many times in the course Of history
nations have drifted into catas-
trophe through failure, until too
late, to recognize the dangers which
confronted them and to take the
measures necessary to ward off
those dangers. Postwar cooperation
to maintain the peace is for each
peace seeking nation scarcely less
essential for its self-preservation
than Is the present cooperative
effort to win the war.
Danger in Complacency.
II there is anything on which
all right-thinking people are agreed,
it is the proposition that the mons
trous specter of world war shall
NOT again show its head The peo-
pie Of this and other lands voice
this demand insistently. There is
danger in complacency and wishful
thinking. The nations that stand
for peace and security must now
make up their minds and act to-
gether-or there will be neither
peace nor security.
1t is abundantly clear that a sys-
tenn Of organized international CO.
operation for the maintenance of
peace must be based upon the will
ingness of the cooperating nations
to use force, If necessary, to keep
the peace. There must be certainty
that adequate and appropriate
means are available and will be used
for this purpose. Readiness to use
force, if necessary, for the main
tenance Of peace is indispensable If
effective substitutes for war are to
be found.
Differences between nations which
lead toward armed conflict may be
those of nonlegal character, COM
monty referred to as political, and
those capable of being resolved by
applying rules Of law, commonly re-
ferred to as justifiable. Another
cause of armed conflict is aggression
by nations whose only motive is con-
quest and self-aggrandizement. We
must, therefore, provide for differ
ences of political character, for
those Of a legal nature, and for cases
where there is plain and unadulter-
ated aggression.
Political differences which pre-
sent a threat to the peace OF the
world should be submitted to agen-
cies which would use the remedies of
discussion, negotiation, conciliation,
and good offices.
Calls for World Court.
Disputes of legal character
which present threat to the peace
Of the world should be adjudicated
by an international court Of Justice