davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-07-12
Brand New Refrigerators
Musical instruments

CALL GALLAGHER--CA 77oS
~ bus. sell or rent pianos.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-07-12
Gold q JeweIry Wanted

HIGHEST PRICES diamonds. 'ewe'ry. old
gold OucInR Detroit Gold Ertrnts.
SIDNEY RANDALL. 1850 BROADWAY.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-07-12
Radio Service
Snaps

FURNITURE 10 trace for piano
CITY MUSIC 1912 Mack.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-07-12
SeuinP Machines

tNpEEr fepar. aI ulIr-. se05ut mae
,Hue. Lgtr ulrh r-' mate ca. ilN'.
We repair All makes sewing machines. cell
irE prices on repairs and parts NlIl boy
your OH machine Tor casn Nhi'e Sew
Maeh CO.. 1000 Library RA. o3js
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-07-12

HIGHEST prices psid for used hving room
furniture an, condition NineVood
2-26ao
SEWING machine used electric ~
12sS
USED washing machine wanted any
make good condition. Telephone Gar
field 1nqs-W
Evening star., 1943-05-30
European Front

Dortmund, Dusseldorf. Essen and Jena,
manufacturing cities vital to the sustain
ing of German military and naval pro-
duction, were victims of the heaviest
air alta :ss of the war and the usefulness
of each city has been greatly reduced if
not eliminated for many months to come.
Dortmund, which lies at the southern
end of the Dortmund- Ems Canal, was
the first to receive attention, the heavi-
est attack of the war occurring Sunday
night when about 1000 tons of bombs,
including scores of two and four ton
blockbusters and tens of thousands of
incendiaries, left the city great, rag
ing inferno with the smoke rising at
least three miles above the city.
Dortmund, which is city of 100000,
had reached new Importance because
of the saturation bombing OF Essen, home
OF the great Krupp munitions works.
some weeks ago. Because of the damage
to Essen, many important plants were
moved to Dortmund which is only %
miles away. The heavy losses to Ger
man transportation due to the strafing
Of locomotives and bombing of freight
yards and terminals had given the Dort-
mund-Ems Canal much greater impor-
tance up to the time of Sunday night S
Evening star., 1943-05-30

cross their country. But that is exactly
what he had been instructed not to do.
The pretense was to be kept up that Bel
gium was voluntary collaboration in the
New Europe In all internal affairs it
was to govern itself.
The general had little luck with the
secretaries. Finally he replaced two of
them. In the Ministry OF the Interior he
placed a certain M. Romsee, governor of
Limberg and a member of Parliament
Romsee had been Nazi sympathizer for
long time. The position was of key
importance, since the Interior Depart
ment had control Of the Belgian police
Romsee, say Belgians here, still is the
nearest approach to Belgian Quisling,
but with quite different legal status.
In another key-post, Ministry Of Eco
nomic Affairs, he placed M. Leemans, an
other willing collaboration. He has lined
up Belgian industry on the NaM model.
The other ministries still remain under
the administration Of the old general
secretaries who, of course, are under all
sorts of Nazi pressure. Some may have
yielded. Perhaps they had to.
They are human and they have been
subjected to terrible pressure" said a
high Belgian official here. The only
traitors we are sure of are Romsee and
Leemans. The others will be entitled to
have all their acts gone over by COM
petent judicial body after the war"
There WAS one other course open to
Won Falkenhausen. King Leopold was
Evening star., 1943-05-30

more lightly fortified ine-but 1t in
Emael-where the plan had been to fight
a delaying action. The W-K line was
built on the same plan as the French
Maginot Line, but between its southern
most point at Namur and the northern
most point of the Maginot Line near
Sedan there was a wide gap through
which the German divisions poured.
The enemy, it has known has strength
ened and reversed all these defenses.
But most significant for any United
Nations campaign to be fought over this
part Of the continent, they have largely
closed the gap. The whole Belgian
Province Of Entre-Sambre -Meuse, a
rather lightly inhabited, wooded plateau
which was almost exclusively agricultural
has been taken over and many, If not
all, of the inhabitants evacuated. Entre-
Sambre-et-Meuse,i it is known here, has
been very heavily equipped with FORTS
underground concrete positions and pill
boxes. 1t was the scene of the fighting
OF the 9th French Army In 1910. It is
a tactical position of the utmost i'm
portance since it would be the natural
line of advance for any invading armv
landing on the French coast from
Boulogne southwark.
The second biggest German installa-
tions are three defense lines along the
Belgian coast all the way from Dunkirk
to the little town Of lie Zoute on the
Dutch frontier. This Is q remarkable
Evening star., 1943-05-30

rebelled rather than obey orders to 90
to the Russian front.
Polish sources declare that a great,
organized and equipped underground
army is ready in most of the occupied
countries, prepared to spring into dis
ciplined action, once the invasion gets
under way and the possibility of helpful
action is presented From Ankara, source
Of much comment on conditions inside
Naz1-Europe, comes statement that
Germany is pressing Rumania for l8 to
rs more divisions to go to the Russian
front, threatening in case of failure to
supply the troops that Germany will
withdraw from the Ukraine and leave
1t open to Russian reconquest.
A considerable increase in sabotage
Is reported underway in Rumania and
increased vigilance is required of the
Gestapo and their aides.
Norwegian sources report that Ger
many is moving large numbers of troops
into that overrun land to meet any in
vasion threat. AS many as 100000 Nazis
may have been tabled for this precau-
ton, force which would be worth a lot
to Germany If it were available for use
against the Russians
Evening star., 1943-05-30
Chinese Front

The japanese have stepped up the pace
of their fighting in China considerably in
recent weeks and several of the cam
paigns now being pushed are approach
ing the point where they soon may
seriously threaten effective continuation
in the war by the armies of Generals
simo Chang Kai-shek.
The accompanying map indicates the
direction of the various spearheads
which the Japs are seeking to thrust
through the Chinese lines, all with the
ultimate objective of reaching Chungking
and eliminating the air bases from
which Japan realizes can come the air
offensive which will blast completely her
hope of Asiatic empire and the dream of
world conquest some of her more de-
luded leaders have set as their final
goal.
The column pointing northward from
Canton and southwark from the Yangtze
River near Hankow, should they meet
and be maintained. would cut off the
rich rice bowl of China from the tenn
porary capital at Chungking and deny
the food vital to the support of the
armies and the new war industry China
has developed back in the deep interior
of the country.
Heavy concentrations of japanese
troops were reported at Ichang, about
260 miles in a direct line from Chung
king, and reinforcements are pouring in
steadily. At least five divisions and an
independent brigade are carrying the
war to the Chinese in sharp fighting
which has caused rather heavy casual
ties on both sides.
American planes have brought consd-
cradle help to the Chinese, who remain
firm in their present positions.
Moving up from Burma, another Japa-
nese column is seeking to encroach
further on the Burma road, the innne-
diate objective being Tall between 800
and 900 miles from Chungking. The
Japs, constantly aware of the Allied
strength in India, which will be ready
when the monsoons end to move toward
reopening of the Burma road, are trying
desperately to knock the Chinese out of
the war or drive Chiangs forces so deep
into the interior that they will no longer
constitute menace to the japanese.
Evening star., 1943-05-30

raid, Dortmund holding rank as Ger
many's greatest inland port Now, Dort-
mund's value for any purpose is open
to question.
Daylight bombing of numerous objec-
tives followed Monday and then Wednes-
day night Dusseldorf, third largest Ger
man inland port, was given the Dort-
mund treatment in a raid which ap-
preached that of Dortmund in intensity
The raid Wednesday marked the 5lst
raid on the city, the last previous
having been on January 81 when the
manufacturing facilities were badly dam
aged. A raid just prior to that in De-
cember was reported to have left 10000
persons homeless.
Center of Submarine Equipment.
Dusseldorf is the center of manufac-
ture for German torpedoes and sub
marine and other electrical equipment
such as magnetoes. In addition prefab-
rication of submarines themselves is
carried on in Dusseldorf. 1t is safe to
assume after Wednesdays raid that Dus-
seldorf will turn out very little which is
useful to Germany for some time to
come
Thursday afternoon, Mosquito bomb
ers, those little plywood craft which
have proven as bothersome to the Ger
mans as the insect for which they are
named, raided Jena, home of the i'm
portant lens and precision instrument
industry of Germany. There are manu-
factured the telescopes, microscopes,
binoculars and other instruments re-
quiring the finest of glass. The famous
zeiss instrument factory and the Schott
glassworks were especially heavily hit by
the Mosquitoes.
Jena, however, was just the prelude to
the Thursday work. After dark another
tremendous saturation raid occurred at
Essen. If the German high command
had any thought of reversing the Essen
to Dortmund shift Of factories and bring
them back to Essen, that thought died
aborning
Essen at the time of the last previous
raid on April 30, the 55th raid of the
war on the city, became the most
bombed city of Europe with a total of
10000 tons having been turned loose
overhead. Last Thursdays raid made
more emphatic than ever Essen's leader
ship in the receipt of destruction.
The British, according to reports from
London, are to give those who believe
that Germany can be blasted out of the
war from the air chance to prove their
case. This steady succession of satura-
tion raids, intended to knock the i'm
portant manufacturing cities out one by
one, is the opening of that campaign.
1t must not be assumed, however, that
the raids have not been at price. At
Dortmund. 3S bombers were lost. At
Dusseldorf, q more failed to return and
% others we're the cost at Essen. How
ever. in cold calculation, SO bombers
were small price to pay for the elm
lnation Of three great, vital industrial
centers of the enemy.
Light German raids occurred on a
number Of cities In Southern England
but none was of anv Importance. al
Evening star., 1943-05-30

noon. But the streets of Liege are mar
row and folks used to chat back and forth
from opposite windows. There was lot
of romance in this, says the saboteur,
and several weddings have resulted this
spring.
But the whole has been dangerous
business. Altogether % have been tried
and condemned for sabotage in the Liege
district in the last few weeks.
In all Belgium, by the way, many more
are executed each year than were exc
cuted during the entire four years of
the First World War.
According to the NaZi pattern, Won
Falkenhausen has set up dummy politi-
cal parties-preserving the old names
but controlled by traitors with a COM
mon purpose-which can keep up the
pretense of squabbling between them
selves over inconsequential issues and
thus present the appearance that the
country still enjoys government
Most prominent of these is the so-called
VNV, or Flemish Nationalists, of which
M. Romsee himself is the leading light.
Then there is the so-called Belgian
Labor party'-which pretends to be
very socialistic but whose chief job is
the recruiting of Belgian labor for
Germany. Its chief platform is con-
demnation of Russia for betraying the
labor movement whose real messiah is
Adolf.
Won Falkenhausen may have been
happier, Belgians here believe in his job
of fitting Belgium into the western
ramparts of the fortress of Europe" The
country is as much shield of Germany
today as it used to be considered the
Shield of England" There are stories
of Enthusiastically powerful Notifications all
over the country but refugees arriving
here say that, up to very recently at
least, some of these have been grossly
exaggerated. Due to their numerous
contacts they have been able to form a
fair general picture.
More German Troops.
Arrivals from BRUSSELS say that the
forces of German soldiers quartered there
have been greatly increased Of late.
During most of the war there has been
a relatively small force of actual fighting
men. Here is the picture outlined with
as much detail as possible.
In 1910 the major Belgian defenses
were along the roughly V-shaped So
called W-K line. stretching southwark
from Antwerp to Namur and thence
northwestwaro to Liege. Along the Albert
Canal from Antwerp to Liege, forming
the base Of sn irregular triangle, was q
Evening star., 1943-05-30

nants who are now trapped inland from
Chichagof Harbor.
During the week the Japs stepped up
their claims of damage to American
naval forces stating that their subma-
rlnes had sunk battleship, two cruisers,
one destroyer and another unidentified
Warship with two other naval vessels
damaged. Our Navy Department has gone
no further in commenting than to state
some days ago that two American ships
had broken up a Jap air attack.
That there is an American battleship
in the waters around Attu was indicated
by report of the sinking of Jap sub
marine through the combined efforts of
destroyer and a Navy patrol bomber
which discovered the sub when it saw
the wake of a torpedo moving in the
direction of a battleship. Whether the
torpedo found its target was not reported
but poor indeed would be the battleship
which would go to the bottom if hit by
single torpedo.
Despite the very fierce nature of the
fighting at Attu, Secretary Stimson set
American losses at only 1877 killed, 399
wounded and lib missing, a toll far be-
low that of the Japs. Sleet and snow
have slowed down the campaign which
is over very rugged terrain.
Speeding up the drive on the Japs in
the southwest Pacific area, there were
indications that the Allied command is
going seriously about the job of knock
ing the Japs out OF New Guinea or so
weakening them that they will be of little
trouble hereafter. AS step in this cam
paign, the airfield at Rabaul on New
Britain, principal Jap air and naval base
Evening star., 1943-05-30

naval shellacking in the battle of the
Coral Sea which saved Australia and
put definite halt to japanese advance
ment against American supply lines to
the Southwest Pacific. In the Aleutian
ening their defenses at Dutch Harbor
while the Japs held undisputed pos
session of Kiska and Attu. .
This past week gave conclusive evil
dence of how far the tide has turned
and how strongly it now runs against
the predatory nations of Europe and
Asia. The peaceful peoples of the world
who were filled with doubt as they saw
the master-plan of the Axis slowly work.
Ing out, now nave new hope, hope based
on the knowledge that the enemy no
longer is invincible, that, in fact, he is
reeling under blows which are only the
forerunners of the destruction which lies
ahead in the coming months. Never, not
even when the Germans had almost un-
disputed control of the air over the Eng
lish Channel and England itself, has
there been so .ong sustained and so
terrlfcally Gripping a series of air raids
as those which this week practically
blasted three great German industrial
centers out OF the war and which have
caused the German high command to
undertake hasty transfer of the German
war industry to Eastern Europe in Aus
tria, Hungary and Yugoslavia where for
time, at least, they may be out Of range
of the hundreds of British and American
bombers which in single raids have
dropped during the week as many as
1000 tons of bombs on a single manu-
featuring city.
Italy, too, on edge with the invasion
filters, waited with tear as bombers from
North Africa raided her islands and her
home ports as far as Leghorn where part
of her fleet was threatened by American
planes.
Evening star., 1943-05-30

beach of rolling sand dunes. But when
the tide Is out there is In many places a
perfectly level, hard stretch of sand a
mile or more deep. 1t is Immediately be-
hind this, washed by the waves when
the tide is in. that the first line has
been set up. 1t is known to be rather
skillfully camoufaged. Along the beach
for so miles or more there was an almost
constant succession of beach resorts and
small fishing villages. The typical Bel
gian seaside cottage was small, square,
set in a little garden surrounded by
hedge through which a gate opened.
Many of these cottages have been trans
formed into blockhouses without greatly
altering their appearance. The hedge
gates have been wired to mines. A month
or so ago the Germans had the scare Of
their lives. 1t was very windy night.
Waves were rolling high on the beach.
across the dykes and even over parts OF
lie route royal. "the kings highway"
which runs along the beach and is one
of the finest roads in Europe. 1t was
the last night when an invasion was to
have been suspected. Suddenly land
mines began exploding everywhere. The
garrisons were called out.
But the whole disturbance had been
caused by the high wind blowing the
hedge gates open. Quite few soldiers
were killed before the trouble was To-
Gated
Defense Behind Dunes.
The second line of defense runs few
miles back from the coast, Just behind
the sand dunes. 1t is reported to be
even stronger than the first line, al
though perhaps not so we'll camoufaged.
Belgians here know there is still a third
line, but there is little information avail
able about it.
The country is dotted, of course, with
air fields and observing stations. One
OF the latter, by the way, is in the
middle of the battlefield of Waterloo.
about 10 miles south Of Brussels. After
the battle which ended the career of
Napoleon in 1915 there was erected in
this fiat field great earth pyramid with
more than 100 steps reaching to the top.
1t was surmounted with the figure of a
British lion with its face turned toward
France. The whole was a memorial to
the troops who had perished there. An
Raj machine-gun blast recently cut of
the lions tail. From the shelter of the
lion German observers now keep a con-
slant watch of the skies.
Both Antwerp and Zeebrugge, 1t IL
(Continued on Page R-l Col,Irnn a.
Evening star., 1943-05-30

eliminate any rescue boats which attempt
to reach the Nazis
A sudden Russian drive north of
Novorossisk, the former Russian naval
base which is now the nucleus of Ger
man defenses, is said to have given the
Red Army possession of Kijevskoje,
short distance inland from Krymskaya
coastal city lying between Novorossisk
and the Kerch Peninsula to the north
Red infantry, supported by tanks, a total
force Of 100000 men, struck suddenly
and powerfully, causing the Axis forces
to fall back toward the sea and the road
to the naval base 20 miles away. The
fighting is intense but, at the close of
the week inconclusive.
On the western front, there was re-
newed Russian activity, especially in the
Leningrad sector where a Russian drive
to the Baltic Sea has intriguing posi-
bilities.
Berlin was quoted as stating that no
general campaign against Russia is
planned at this time possibly propa-
ganda. but more probably an indication
OF how hard-pressed the Germans are
becoming in properly manning the de-
lenses at the various logical invasion
points while at the same time policing
the occupied countries where likelihood
Of revolt grows with each fresh Allied
victory drawing the moose tighter around
Hitlers Fortress of Europe"
That Germany is now suffering from
a form OF invasion-revolt dyspepsia is
evidenced by the reports leaking out to
Allied sources. For instance, in Belgium
there were three cases of mutiny among
German troops themselves when thev
Evening star., 1943-05-30
Continued From Page BID

his hands tied behind him. Whenever he
refuses to answer question the chair is
pushed backward and he falls on his
face. This may continue for hours. The
duke demonstrated how it was done. He
experienced it.
Burning finger tips is another favor
1te device. Still another is beating with
rubber switch. There are three men
now in hospital for mental and ner-
vous cases in England after undergoing
questioning" They have been there
for months. Their nerves held up until
they escaped and then broke.
An Ersatz Government.
Back to Won Falkenhausen and his
troubles His first Job, according to the
Nazi pattern, was to set up an ersatz
government which would have a shadow
of legality in that it was government OF
Belgian collaborators. He was faced with
a curious situation which made the task
quite complicated
The Belgian constitution provides that
whenever the King is incapacitated from
ruling. as by mental breakdown or by
being held prisoner Of war all legisla
tive. executive and "monarchial powers"
will be vested in his council of ministers.
All the Belgian ministers left the coun-
try in two groups on the 10Th and 26th
OF May, 1910. Before they left they had
delegated their powers, so far as their
exercise within Belgium was concerned,
to their secretaries general. These men
were essentially the equivalents of chief
clerks in Washington They had no pol
icy-making authority whatsoever. They
were, for the most part, honest, loyal and
quite colorless fellows who volunteered
to stand by. The Belgian Parliament,
as one of its last acts, pulled dirty trick
on the coming gauleiter. 1t passed an act
which decreed that the secretaries-gen-
eral could act outside the strict limits
of the constitution, except in the case
OF direct orders from London, only by
issuing so-called "arretes," none of
which could have any validity beyond
three month period
without getting involved in too many
legal technicalities, the object was to
make sure that any acts forced on them
by the invader would not be valid gov
ernmental acts when the interim was
over.
Now it would have been easy enough
for Won Falkenhausen to have consti-
tuted new government altogether, or to
have replaced all the secretaries by his
ewn men. Belgians willing to double