davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1943-05-18
In as States


State guards have sprung up to
replace the National Guard in the
territories of Alaska, Hawaii and
Puerto Rico and all the states but
three-Arizona, Montana and Ne
vada.
'EEf'ss.izs res. sectisse Eengths vary
from few hundred men to 1900.
And while majority of states des-
ignate their forces as State
Guard" there are some variations.
For instance, it is the Pennsyl-
vania Reserve Defense Corps, Vir-
ginia Protective Force, Kentucky
Active Militia, and Alaska Terri
fofial Home Guard.
'fhe composite state guardsman
is 36eyeafs old, with two or three
dependents The u. S armed ser-
vices don't want him-yet. He
cant enlist at private's pay be-
cause of his dependents. But he
wants to be in uniform.
He can, of course, be too young
or too old for the reguisr Army.
In New York the guard takes them
from II to 81. Or he may have
physical defects, for the guard is
less exacting than the Army.
State guards serve under the
states adjutant generals, who in
turn head up to the original Ma
tional Guard Bureau in Washing
ton, of which Major General ]. F.
Williams is chief Each state has
its commanding general Groups
of states are associated with regu-
lar Army service commands, work
on the same tactical problems.
The guard is supervised and in
spected by the regular Army, and
is the only legally constituted and
authorized military force within
the boundaries of each state, aside
from the regular Army
Uniforms follow the Army's,
but must have distinctions. In
New York, for example, guards
men wear black neckties instead
of the tan ties worn by most Army
units. The shoulder patch contains
the black initials my" within a
blue circle, and NY" replaces
''US" on insignia.
Equipment is issued by both
state and federal governments,
and although few outfits had more
than eoverall combat uniforms
while the guards were being or
ganized late in 1910, today there is
a great improvement.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1943-05-18
Mainly Infantry

Also, in the beginning, armories
were barren of weapons. But to-
day again. there is good variety
and quantity of modern firearms.
While most regiments are .infan-
Continued on Page Four
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1943-05-18

Key West, Florida. ms Eze
most eguzble cliEsts II re
country. with An aware
range Of only L FzhrGk=1
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-11-24
Berlin Raided Again

How much Of Berlin is in ruins after Mon.
d,y nights bombing cannot be known until
the smoke clears and Photographic record
=, the destruction may be made. But if the
a,rrage exceeds that at Hamburg, as report
~ II is obvious that the Reich capital is now
more rubble than city. One thousand planes.
d;.charring block-busters with the deadly &C.
euracy acquired by Raj diers through long
months Of practice, cannot have failed to
leave widespread havoc in the city which
the German people were assured would never
be imperiled by enemy air power.
remarkable aspect Of this raid is that
the Raj could repeat on an even larger ana
more destructive scale its exploit Of last
Thursday. only four days later. 1t shows as
nothing else could do, the tremendous IN
crease in striking power achieved BY the
Allies Not 50 long ago it required weeks OF
preparation TO launch major raid, ana the
lapse Of other weeks before second could
be undertaken. Clearly, the obstacles that
formerly blocked the way for major raids IN
quick succession have been removed. There
can be no comfort for the German people or
the German Army in this knowledge It may
even convince both people and Army that
there can be no escape. -
For what has happened to Berlin-and to
Hamburg and Cologne and other centers OF
German war production and schemins-can
happen to all cities within the Reich ana
Nazi-occupied lands. Hitler may have built
the greatest Of land defenses the world has
ever known In his Fortress Europe. But he
has lost control Of the air and is incapable
Of counterins the attack from the skies. The
supremacy once enjoyed by the Luftwaffe
has been lost, its power broken.
IT, as now appears probable. the Russians
open airfields for Allied niers, the air at
tack may be placed on a shuttle schedule,
with bombs falling upon enemy targets per-
petually. Under such heavy fire as this. Ger
man production must soon be sradicated.
German communications quickly disrupted.
How, then, could the defenses Hitler has set
up on the rim OF Europe be long manned or
supplied?
1t is not to be claimed that air power alone
can win the victory, but succession Of raids
such as those Of Thursday and Monday nights
can come very close to it.
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-11-24
Chang May Be There

Notwithstanding that China is not at war
Germany, nor Russia with Japan. the rumors
in London that Chang Kai.shek may be the
fourth at the anticipated meeting of President
Roosevelt Prime Minister Churchill and
Premier Stain are not 80 lacking in prob
ability as might be supposed.
Even though two Of these powers are not
fighting at the side Of Britain and the United
States in the full sweep Of this global war,
they are as deeply involved in overthrowing
the Axis and cannot perform their full part
in that endeavor without sharing the respon-
sibilities and assisting in the planning Of the
two powers which have gone about for that
purpose.
Furthermore, both Russia and China have
deep obligations for the preservation Of the
peace and the restoration Of normal world
activities after the war, and cannot take their
proper place beside their allies in postwar
programs unless they are counted in when
postwar planning is under consideration.
There is no reason to assume that winning
the war will be the only subject to be thresh.
ed out. The fact is, there appears to be
thoroaghgoing understanding Of Allied war
strategy, with all campaigns drafted, among
the four powers signing the Moscow Declare.
ton. That phase Of the conflict has been a.
tended to, and we may be sure the outcome
is no longer in doubt. Otherwise, for example,
the former persistent demand from Moscow
for second front Immediately in western
Europe would not have been suddenly dis.
continued.
What this new conference will devote much
time to, obviously. is the winning Of the peace
on mutually beneficial terms. II is vital that
the United States, Great Britain, Russia and
China know in advance what each proposes
for the future and how each can help the
other to attain its just detectives without sur
rendering its own. This together with care.
fully calculated program for enforcing the
peace and maintaining world order, when
hostilities shall have ceased, will be a major
item on the agenda when the new Big Four
meet.
AS the Chinese, with adequate aid and en-
couragement, can become the leading people
OF Asia, albeit they have been so long among
the most backward, and as the other three
powers have great actual and potential in
terests IN Asia, 1t would be both appropriate
and advantageous for Chang Kai-shek to
grace the conference, when great issues are
10 be settled, by his presence, not only for
what he may learn but for the advice he NAV
be able to give. $3.50
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-11-24
Raymond Clapper Says:
War Plants CONVERTING
To Civilian Products

which are going off the road rap
idly now because of age.
Fundamentally we have produc.
cd already the average 20 tons per
man of so-called capital goods for
II million men. From now on the
production job will rapidly become
one of replacement of equipment
and manufacture of new or chang
ed weapons. That is not literally
true of everything-such as air.
pLanes-but it is as respects the
broad picture.
The task Of reconversion is a
much more sensitive and explo-
Rive job than the original CONVEX
sion to war production. Enormous
political issues may become in
volved in it. One manufacturer
will be selected to continue with
war production and another allow.
ed to get back to his civilian GUS
toners. The basis on which such
choices are made are bound to
be the subject OF intense contro.
versy and bitterness, particularly
as much of this will come during
Il political campaign year.
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-11-24
Canadian Oil

Secretary Ickes condemns the Army project
for developing petroleum in Canada for
Alaskan forces, saying that the proposal would
have died aborning if he had been consulted
in advance.
Probably his explanation accounts for his
opposition. Mr. 1ckes is constitutionally averse
to favoring projects on which he has not
been previously consulted. ,,a+ 9.,.... .,....
There can be no sound objection to the
Army plan If proper provision has been made
to safeguard the investment Of American
dollars in Canadian oil wells, pipeline and re.
finery when the war Is over.
With petroleum in United States fields
perilously near exhaustion, as the oil men
insist 1t u.s. there is every reason to develop
new sources Of supply. Only by so doing can
we expect to keep our military machine in
operation, especially as the chance Of being
supplied from Middle Eastern fields in the
necessary quantities seems to be lessening
daily.
If there is oil in Canada, the United States
will do well to develop it. The only objection
can come when and if we surrender all right
and interest in the development after the
present war emergency.
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-11-24
A Fallen Hero

It must be with a severe shock to their
sense of decency and fitness that the Anaeri'
can people learn General Patton did actually
strike soldier in military hospital tent in
Sicily
George Patton was a tempersone boy, Civ.
ing way to ungovernable rage when crossed.
But that was years ago.
Since then he has spent the necessary years
at West Point to earn commission in the
Army and other years in actual warfare and
in training soldiers, during which strict dis
cipline was essential.
A capable disciplinarian. it now appears he
has not acquired the finest Of all military at
tributes, seh-discipline.
1t is reported that he continues to COM
mand the American Seventh army. Severely
castigated by General Eisenhower and hum
bled before the Mediterranean forces, he re-.
mains at the head Of the soldiers he led to
victory in Tunisia after their reverse in Kass.
arine Pass. Perhaps it is all right to leave
him in this post He is fire tactician. But
it is questionable if he can ever again have
the worshipful respect and Misunderstanding
obedience Of his men that he once enjoyed.
1t is always difficult, and generally impos.
sible, to put fallen hero back on his pedes.
tai
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-11-24

with compilation Of report and
recommendations which sent us on
cur way. Mr.. LETTERS took over
just there to carry out the pro-
gram and to see that synthetic
rubber production was inaugurated
to care for t h e nations needs.
Months ago he retired, going back
to his regular railroad job with
assurance to the President and the
people that his assignment h a d
been completed or carried forward
to the point where relief was as
sured and others could take over.
Now. however. there is official
warning, in the face Of previous
promise that large quantities of
synthetic rubber would be avail
able to ease the tire shortage by
the first of the year, that the stu
alton is more acute than ever be-
fore and that the worst is yet to
come before conditions improve.
Conceivably heavier demands by
the armed forces play an impor.
tant part in this continuing short.
age. But still another contributing
factor seems to be failure Of re.
sponsible officials to anticipate that
synthetic rubber does not make
itself Into tires. Rubber Director
Bradley. Dewey is authority for the
current statement that synthetic
plants have turned out vast guam
tiles Of rubber but that there was
& late start on rayon cord pro-
dction and that 1.-The ineffective
general manpower situation has
made it difficult to man even the
existing tire-building machines.
Now how does that admitted de.
ficiency fit in with the effective
ness and efficiency of Washing
toms overall planning and direc.
ton? Or is the default another
failure to be placed squarely on
Manpowerfu1 McNutt's doorstep?-
Greensboro News.
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-11-24
Thanksgiving

Ii there is any predisposition today to anti.
pate gloomy Thanksgiving tomorrow the
prospect may be cleared by comparing the
situation In this country with that in Greece
and Poland and italy and all other lands
where the bloody hand Of the Hitlerites has
descended upon the people; in Russia where
tens OF thousands Of noncombatants have been
murdered and more thousands of soldiers
have died in battle; in China, the Philippines
ana Paelflc islands overrun by barbarous
Japanese; on hundred main and minor hat.
ttefronts where our forces and Great Britain's
are lighting the forces Of evil unleashed bv
Hitler and Hirohito for the destruction OF
civilization.
we at home at least have roofs over our
heads, food upon our tables, safe at last from
probable attack We may go about our neces.
gary tasks unmolested. We may attend Divine
worship without interruption or censure W.
may speak our minds without feeling the
mailed fist Of the gestapo upon our shoulder.
And we have not been visited by devastat.
ing epidemic.
We may not have turkey for dinner, but
We may eat. We may not like the artificial
and coersive restraints Of government but
We are not in concentration camps We may
have lost lot since Pearl Harbor, but we
still may 60 and come as we please.
For us at home, God is still in His heaven.
and if all is not well with the world, we may
be confident that o:lr just cause will be
triumphant.
There is no proper reason why tomorrow
should be gloomy,
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-11-24
The Literary Guidepost

are not his parents. He does not
know his age, for that matter-he
is somewhere around fourteen or
fifteen. And when he begins his
story the Tussies have gathered to
plant Uncle Kim on the mountain
top, since Uncle Kim has been
killed in the war. The Tussies are
living in a schoolhouse, and the
sheriff is trying to force them out.
He fails, but Kim's insurance
money does the job
Kim's wife with Grandpa and
Grandma and Uncle MOTIF collects
her $4,000 and the riot begins.
The Iussies rent a great l6.room
house with inside privy. hard by
the town. They buy and buy. The
can gathers to eat up the money
their jaws working necessarily like
the mandibles Of locusts. The Tus-
sizes are great cnes to foul their
own nest: they are hard, too, and
lazy. But Grandpa is hurt when he
is taken off relief and loses his
old age pension. He is less dis
turbed when they are thrown out
OF their house, although Grandma
hates to lose the only new furni.
ture she ever has had.
The books temper inevitably
turns from comedy to tragedy.
and in the last pages there is a
surprise-but perhaps it is not a.
surprise, really. "Taps for Pri-
vate Tussie' is honest, exciting,
and it reminds you of a mountain
ballad. You had better read it.
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-11-24
BY JOHN SELBY

~ 0GAAOA
TAPS FOR PRIVATE TUs-
SIE," by Jesse Stuart Dutton;
1880.
Jesse Stuart will never be more
real as writer than he was in
his first book, that famous col
lection of 703 sonnets published
years ago as Man With a Bull
Tongue Plow." But "Taps For Pri-
Fvate Tussie" will introduce him
to far larger audience. 1t is
d novel, it is important. and the
Book-of-the-Month club has tenn.
porarily put aside its preoccupa-
ton with the war and non-fiction
in order to sponsor it.
STaps For Private Tussie'' is
real enough. The novel Is the kind
Of book that appears to gush out
OF some natural crevce; it could
have been tricked up with many
1t the lodges known to novelists
and made into a performance of
such great skill that it might have
pleased even such a man as T, S.
Eliot. Instead Mr.. Stuart has
made it simple in the extreme:
he has not even bothered to keep
an eye on Hollywood, for the mar.
rator is little woods colt" and
Mr.. Hays is VIGOROUSLY prejudiced
against chief characters without
authenticated birth certificates.
SID IS the woods colt. He lives
with Grandpa and Grandma rus.
sic IN the Kentucky mountains,
and does not even know that thew
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-11-24
QUOTATIONS

Never.ending squadrons Of storks have
bombed us with II IL tons o. paoles. Forty
two were block-busters Weighing more IMAM
with some shark of life, weighing as little
as ons nound II ounces. There was no dam
age and casualties were extremely light. No
storks were shot down, so we may expect
continued assaults. Hartford Conn Hospital
Director Dr. Wilmar M. Aliens report.
The great advances that nave Deen mace 40
can be measured by the TACT 1lat now elle
ra1lsd nv tho Tilted Nations and not by our
enemies.-President Roosevelt
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-11-24
As Others Say 1t
QUESTIONS THAT BOUNCE
RACK

1t becomes evident ON the basis
Of Washington statements that mis-
management has occurred some.
where along the line of tire pro.
duction following the retirement of
Rubbert Director LETTERS and his
farewell assurance to the Ameri.
can people that the situation was
well in hand and that the hump
OF the rubber shortage had been
cleared.
The public recalls, all too we'll
how it was. After the rubber sit
uation had become so confused,
SO hopelessly entangled. that few
persons, if anybody, could under
stand it, Mr.. Baruch was brought
IL to survey the entire field. This
he did promptly and vigorously
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-11-24
By RAYMOND CLAPPER

WASHINGTON Nov. %. - Con-
version back to civilian work can
begin gradually, and some signs
Esssssssady nave appeared.
limited manufacture of washing
machines, refrigerators and cleo
trio irons is being authorized. Only
a small portion Of the demand can
be met, but some conversion is
possible. For instance there is an
abundance of secondary aluminium,
OF scrap material not acceptable
for airplanes. 1t normally goes
into pots and pans. Some alumni
mum utensil factories can be re-
opened without inconvenience to
war production.
Even the manpower problem be-
gins to seem less forbidding.
Charles E. Wilson, of WPB, has
done a neat piece of work here
10 break up boarding of manpower
TIe is doing this by forcing con-
tractors off a cost-plus-fee basis.
By now most of them know what
their unit cost is and Wilson is
forcing more and more of the con-
tractors to sell to the government
n a stated price per unit article.
Under cost-plus-fee basis, the man.
ufacturer rounded up as much la
Dor as he could lay hands on. al
ways trying to protect himself
against future turnover. If he held
more men than he really needed
it was charged to government cost.
But when he is selling his prod
ucts at fixed price per unit, he
wants to cut his labor costs be-
cause they come out of his hide
instead of the governments.
That change or the threat Of it,
is causing some of the big man.
power centers to scale down their
future requirements heavily.
For instance, in Southern Cali
fornia war manufacturers now fix
their fture manpower require
rnents at $4,000 fewer than for
n1erly. Boeing Aircraft recently
was offered several hundred men
more than it could employ. On
the whole, WPB people believe that
requirements for manpower by
February l will be cut by at least
10000 men.
Even though we have bottle
neck in trucks, because of short
ages of some parts, the prospect
of resuming automobile manufac-
ture may brighten uu more quick
" than had been expected.
The industry, or some of its
leaders are crowding Washington
hard to get going. But thus far
the brakes are held on. One i'm
portant reason is that engineering
skill would be diverted from war
work, even though old models were
resumed from existing dies. But
it may come along.
For a year or two production,
when resumed, will be basically
OF old models for which no new
machines need ybe made. The sec
ond ..year.ss probably would see
sonHeW1iats Improved models. In the
third year the big changes would
appear using radically different
designs taking advantage of cheap
aluminium and the alloys which
will be plentiful
If Germany collapses, we can
go quickly into automobile produc-
ton. There will be no real trou-
bic with tires because passenger
car tires use little crude rubber
in contrast to truck and airnIane
tires. Gasoline may continue
limiting factor in some sections
cue 10 transportation difficulty, but
IN .o.llei areas new cars could be
put 70 use. New cars are soon
TO De needed to replace those now
used IN necessary transportation
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-11-24
Daily Prayer
FOR THOSE WHO WRITE :,

{ FOR THOSE WIN do;ly
In the outreach Of our q nss.
prayers to Thee, O Father NJ VIII VII,
zen, we would include those WIT h
bring. us tidings Of the wal me,
air and by the printed pase, ~ ~
are the eyes and ears2pt the d ds
ton; upon their wisdom anu N,
votion and discrimination rn Nv
hearts of the people lean. HI mia
them all, we beseech Ihee, ;n W"
an inpelling and constfa. .bei'
sense Of the sacredness OF d. '' il
mission. Give them clarly 10
thought and courage in uterus i,noa
In their own lives may 1hey H 400,
peace. Impart unto them the u tsn.
consciousness that they are so, NV
ders of the eternal AghtS' ord
laborers with Thee, in o poo +beit
mind, that they may tailLn .+. d
mission as faithful serVanIs 4ior
their Country, of their gene[ ID IN
and Of Eternal Truth ana "
Good News. Amen--W. l. H'
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-11-24
Our Chief Ain,
To aid in every way the proseeu'
ton of the war to complete Vie
tory.

THOUGHT FOR TODAY
Every time we nourish reverence In our
souls, we help the growth OF all our VIZ
lures.
Mcclure
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-11-24
Fair Enough

tHdiss,'s Nets.-1hs star ana the News accepts no
ssspsssibiNy fss The personal views Of Mr. fegel,
Nd efteA disagree With shem mach % many Of
bic ssslesa His articles the good Surpsss Of
making people think.
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-11-24
BEEFING AND CASING

Someone remarks that Ameri-
cans who were beefing about the
gas situation few months ago
are now casing about the beef. -
Winston-Salem Journal.
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-11-24
EXPLODING STAR

A report from Cambridge is that
German scientist has discovered
a new exploding star. First since
I.upe Velez. - st. Louis Post-Dis-
patch.
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-11-24
Not A Death Blow

1t is only gossip that Paul v. McNutt may
resign as manpower commissioner il Presi.
dent Roosevelt does not veto the draft bill
which places pre.war fathers At the bottom
OF tne hst and deprives him Of authority over
the selective service, but it is quite possible
that II the bill IS not vetoed and Mr., McNutt
does actually resign, the nation will survive
the blow.
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-11-24

sometimes We think we have the marines
surrounded, but find instead they have sur
rounded us.--Jap Writer.
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-11-24

With confidence In our armed
forces - with the unbounding de.
termination of our people-ws will
gain the inevitable triumph - 20
help US God.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-10-27
BY ROBEY PARKS

IN THE unhappy light OF the
l. witness stand, Bioff was re-
Vealed as the dementia praecoX
type of misunderstanding, an
egomaniac. a moral leper, a be-
trayer of human trust when
hundreds of hungry men looked
TO him for bread and butter.
Yet he testified boaStfully how
top executives of the film indus
try paid him millions TO escape
wage increases. improved work
ing conditions, and 10 avoid
labor disputes with various To-
Gals of the Theatrical Stage
Employees Union.
The witness named among
I hose who bribed him the
mighty of movieland - Joseph
and Nicholas Schenck, George
and Sidney Skouras. Harry
Warner. John and Barney Bala-
ban, the late Sidney Kent,
Charles MoScovitZ. Harry Cohn.
They were the men who con-
tTolled Paramount Warner
Brothers, the b. e. *. circuit in
Chicago. Twentieth Century
Fox, Radio-Keith-Orpheum, CO.
lumbia Pictures, Loew's Circuit
and chains of cinema palaces
from coast TO coast.