davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Waterbury Democrat., 1943-04-02
SeUer0I German
 Officials Hanged
(News of the Day Newsreel Photo from NEA)

On the German Frontier, April 2-(UP)-Amld reports that German Foreign Minister Joachim von RibbentrOp's standing in the Maxi regime is extremely shaky, it was learned reliably today that the German secret police last December purged . number of officials in the foreign ofAce, the air min-. istry and the ministry of ecO- nonlles for furnishing informa. tiDn to the enemy.
 All of the officials, who. in- eluded Han vOn EcheliCha, first secretary of the German em- bassy In Warsaw before the war, were hanged, according to Maxi custom :. such cases. Won Schelcha was a closo friend of Hans von MOItke, German ann bassador to Spain, whose death at Madrid of appendicitis was announced the other day. At that time, Stockholm reports tended to tie up announcement of vOn MOltke's death with an impending shakeup in the Ger man foreign office, but there was no reason to believe, in the information learned today. that 1t was connected with the exec cutiOns that took place four months ago.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1943-04-02
MINERS RESENT
 ARMY'SA ACTION
Lewis Attacks Suggestion BayOnets Will Force
 Members to Work

New York. April 2-(UP)--Jofn L, Lewis, president of the United Mine workers today bitterly attacked what he called the intimidating tactics Of the military intelligence" in send ing agents to the coal fields to ob- tain information about mines and miners while the joint wage con- ference of the soft coal region is in progress in New York
 The miners, Lewis said, deeply resent the implied suggestion that they will be forced to work at the point of bayonets." He said that the military intelligence had been active in the 5th and 9th Corps Army areas, and perhaps elsewhere"
 The 5th Corps area comprises Ohio. Kentucky. West Virginia and part of Pennsylvania. The 9th Corps area includes Illinois and Indiana.
 Lewis said that whoever was re- sponsible for the military action was making "a grave mistake"
 His statement came as the North ern Appalachian contract negotiating subcommittee recessed until Mon- day. The recess was taken so that Lewis and other union leaders could attend the anthracite wage confer ence resuming this afternoon.
 "A new disturbing actor, !" Lewis said, "has entered the situation out in the coal fields. I refer to the intimidating tactics of the military intelligence in the 5th and 9th Corps areas, and perhaps elsewhere. Agents of the military intelligence are ap- bearing at our district offices de- mand names of coal companies, To- cation of mines, names of officers, and members of local union, with the implied suggestion that a second military front is to be established in coal fields of the country.
 "The mine workers deplore this intinidating action on the part of the government and military au- thorities. and suggest that it is most disturbing to the peace of mind of the coal miners and is not conduc- i've to the continuance of maximum production on the part of individual mine workers.
 "As American citizens they deeply resent the implied suggestion that
 Continued on Page A
The Waterbury Democrat., 1943-04-02
SPRINGFIELD COAL
 DELIVERIES RESUME

Springfield, Mass, April 2.-(UP) Coal deliveries in Springfield and West Springfield were resumed to- day at 200 AFL coal truck drivers returned to work pending settle ment of a wage increase demand.
 The workers, members of the In- ternational Brotherhood of Team sters, Chauffeurs, Wareholfsemen & Helpers of America (AFL, halted work yesterday seeking a l2-cent' an-hour wage rise.
 A union spokesman said the men now receive 78 cents all hour un- der an expired contract which has not been renegotiated.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1943-04-02
SPELLMAN PLANS
 VISIT TO TROOPS

Dublin, April 2-(UP)-Parliament members and senators from North ern Ireland protested the "crime" of partitioning Ireland in a telegram to Archbishop Francis J. Spellman of New York, as he prepared to leave to resume visits to American troop camps in Britain.
 The telegram expressed the hope that the post-war "justice 1t is pro- posed to secure for Poland. Czecho- slovakia and other small nations also will be meted out to us and Ireland returned to her original dignity as a self-goveTning unit among the peo- pies of the world"
 Gpeliman lunched with Joseph Cardinal Macrory at Armagh before departing to continue his tour Of North Ireland and England.
 He said that ''ag l 90 on my way I shall always remember the recep- ton among you and your c0rdiality to me" and asked the people to pray for suffering humanity.
 "All the world suffers and Is fin agony and God alone can bring peace to this war-torn and war troubled world" he said.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1943-04-02
MANSLAUGHTER
 TRIAL SUSPENDED

Cranston, R. l., April D. (uPl- The manslaughter trial of Arthur weremay. ii, of Providence, accused of pushing schoolmate into the path of an express train, was sis- pended today for two weeks after . police sergeant testified that the boy admitted the crime.
 Sergeant John F. Ryan testified yesterday that Weremay admitted pushing clinton Place. il. also Of Proyidence. into the trains path and then rCbhing the body Of a wrist watch and money.
 The trial was continued for two weeks to permit authorities to check earkain agidnnna. .'tFi
The Waterbury Democrat., 1943-04-02
J. s. TROOPS HIT
 GERMANS HARD
British Moving Westward From Gabes; 700 PrisOn-
 CTS Taken in } Days
BY c. R. CUNNINGHAM United Press Staff Correspondent

V
 With American Forces in Southern TtNnisia, March 3l. - (DelayedD - - (UP) - American troops today slammed through German resist ance IA miles east of Fl Guettar, pounding toward juncture with British units moving westward from GabeS.
 By this evening the Tanks were approximately 50 miles by road - less than 40 by air - from elements of the British Eighth Army.
 Lieutenant General George s. Pattons U. S. infantrymen were banging shut Axis avenues of escape as they went. Todays success was the closing of the Kebili road from the southeast where it joins the main route east of Fl Guettar.
 The Axis forces still on the Kebili road haven't any choices left except to give up or take to the country. American forces are blocking the entrance of the road and the only route the Axis could try would be northeastward along a wild trail from Biroum Ali to Birzeilloudja to the main Gafsa- Gabes highway. The trapped forces are believed to be light.
 The infantry at D. m. today opened a heavy attack to smash through the Sir Rabott Pass, which lies between 14 and 15 miles east of Fl Guettar, and clear the routes to- ward the British.
 Warned by general that the show was starting, the correspondent got a ringSide seat on a high cliff of recently-taken Djebel Mcheltat over looking the pass.
 German guns-they sounded like 88's-chattsered away from high em- placements at the eastern end of the pass at the Sun-Lie Valley which for eight square miles was dotted with American tanks and tank destroyers. Engineers spent most of the day cleaning up the mines to let our boys through.
 All day, n answer to the Nazi guns, our lO5's and 155 Hong tom's' rattled, working over the enemy gun posts, and promptly at four o'clock
 (Continued on Page D
The Waterbury Democrat., 1943-04-02
BOOTLEG TIRE
 HEARING OPENS

Providence. R. T.. April 2.-CUP) Three additional defendants plead cd innocent in U. S. district court today to charges linking them with an alleged bootleg tire ring operat- ing in Woonsocket.
 Charles Murat of North Smith field was released in 42O0O bail while Leo D. Le Care of North Smithfield and John H. Limoges of Woonsocket were released in $i i.OOO each.
 The trio were described as the ai- legged salesmen of the ring. A for- nier sherin of Providence county. Flames H. Holland. has been given until April l2 to file special pleas in answer to an indictment in connection with the same case.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1943-04-02
Parachute Troops Sabotage German Effort Tn Denmark
Brtlshers Busy Pending Allied Invasion; Four Enemy Workshops Barracks Burned, One Factory Blown
 Up; Nazis Instigate Large.Scale Search
BY JOHN A. PARRIs (Unlted Press Staff CoFrespondent)

London April 2. = (UP) - Maxi broadcasts reported Voday that British parachusts bent saboagng the German war effort from within pending fullScale Allied invasion, are operating in Denmark. Armed British workshops and German barracks in Copenhagen alone
The Waterbury Democrat., 1943-04-02

New Glasses April S. nay and Night schooI. Pest Junior College 0f Com- unanna. Rhnna a-ez7a
The Waterbury Democrat., 1943-04-02

(Qanl llaliaA ~ paaa ~
The Waterbury Democrat., 1943-04-02
colasr TonlahI

pinou.-s'ts D .. Q s'os q m
The Waterbury Democrat., 1943-04-02

Ccontinued on Page D
The Waterbury Democrat., 1943-04-02

run wsathsr RspsSG rAss .
Evening star., 1943-04-07
MiIIerund

Alexandra Millerand, born in Paris
February 10, 1859, was a journalist
and lawyer who rose to power
through his association with various
radical crusades and then, sobered
by responsibility, became conserva-
tive and was retired to private life on
that account. The start OF his politi-
cal career was the defense which he
established for the instigators OF the
Decazeville strike in 1888. He gained
a seat in the Chamber of Deputies in
1885. AS chief Of the Left bloc, he
urged "the collective ownership of
the means of production" and argued
for the international organization of
the working classes. But when he
was admitted to the Waldeck- -Rous-
seau cabinet in 1899 he contented
himself with attempting moderate
reforms-the improvement OF the
merchant marine, the development
of the postal system, technical edu-
cation and facilities OF trade and the
amelioration Of conditions of en-
ployment. The old-age pension plan
of 1905 was one of his projects.
His revolutionary comrades, how
ever, opposed his departure from
the true Marxist tradition" and he
was accused of sacrificing his party
to his own convictions. Millerands
retort-was to apply his talents to the
business Of making fortune at the
bar. He appeared In many .impoe-
Evening star., 1943-04-07
What Is the Answer?

The loss of two more lives as the
result of a fire in rooming house
which did not conform to District
safety standards poses an extremely
dificult problem for the local au-
thorities.
Under clear mandate from Con-
gress, the Commissioners have de-
cided, and properly so, that they
have no alternative but to enforce
the regulations. They propose to do
this by prosecuting under the licens-
Ing regulation all rooming house
operators whose establishments fail
to meet the requirements Of the law
with respect to fire escapes. Chair
man McCarran Of the Senate District
Committee has stated that this de-
cision meets with his approval.
But what effect is this going to
have on the community? 1t is esti-
mated that there are about 1900
rooming or boarding houses and
apartments in operation here which
lack the fire escapes required by law.
II the proprietors, faced with prose-
cution for failure to obtain a license
(Which they cannot get without in
stalling fire escapes), decide to re-
duce the number Of occupants to
conform with the law, about 10000
persons would have to be evicted.
And, generally speaking, there Is no
place for them to 90.
There has been a suggestion that
It may be possible to make arrange
ments with the War Production
Board for release Of steel for fire
escapes, and II this can be done in
all necessary cases solution of the
problem would be at hand. II past
experience serves as guide, how
ever, 1t would be unwise to assume
that substantial relief can be OBJ
tained from this source.
The greater probability Is that the
fire escapes will not be Forthcoming.
In that event It will be necessary for
the Commissioners to go through
with their threat to prosecute Of
Tenders, and the latter, in turn, un-
doubtedly would feel compelled to
evict thousands Of tenants for whom
no other provision could be made.
This Is a situation for which the
Commissioners cannot be held re-
sponsible. They have had neither
the funds nor the authority to pro-
vide adequate housing for the great
increase in population here during
the past year. But 1t is, nevertheless,
a revealing commentary on the ex-
tent to which the needs of this war
time Capital have been neglected.
Evening star., 1943-04-07
THIS AND THAT
By Charles Z. Trdceuell.

hung on the daring deeds Of their avia-
tors, those intrepid men found time and
occasion to invent the "gremlins," fairy
like accompanies of fighting men.
The song Of the English sparrow is not
thrush-like, 1t must be admitted.
No one would mistake 1t for the
whistled roundelay Of the mockingbird.
But 1t has force and character all It's
own, and to our way Of thinking never
better than when 1t is heard downtown.
1t Is distinct pleasure, and one which
costs nothing, to hear the chirp of this
bird as one goes along the sidewalk.
There are always half dozen of them
present, wherever you find them, If not
more.
This means that the listener does not
get a single voice, but several voices.
Since these are voices which blend well,
the resulting total music is good. That
is where many critics Of this bird are
unfair. They speak of the harsh chirp'
Of the individual bird, but never say any,
thing Of the choral music.
The truth is that even the individual
sparrow voice Is not harsh" in any real
sense. 1t is Just not as sweet as the chirp
Of some other species, that is all.
ALEXANDRIA, Va.
Dear Sir:
II look forward to reading your column
every night. I am interested In birds.
II live In the country near Mount
Vernon In the country there are many
kinds Of birds.
"The other day We saw large bird
like an eagle. 1t was too big to be hawk
or buzzard. It was low enough for us
to see that 1t didn't have bald head.
1T had large hooked beak.
when first seen we thought 1t was an
airplane.
''The next day 1t appeared again Gould
you please tell me what this large bird
is? was especially interested when you
told about the eagles around Mount
Vernon.
Every day when go to school look
for eagles near the river but have never
seen one. I hope you can answer my
question.
Sincerely yours, NJ S., age g."
4 \ +
The large bird probably was a young
bald eagle.
The young ones are larger than their
parents and have no white head or tail
until three years old
Birds Of America" says:
Three years must pass before maturity
Is reached. During these years the young
eagles are noticeably different in color
from the adults and during the first year
after leaving the nest they are larger
than either Of the parents, the expanse
Of the wing being a foot more. These
large immature birds deceived Audubon
who thought they were distinct species
and named them birds Of Washington. >"
Evening star., 1943-04-07
War PIunt

The conversion Of plants for war
has been an outstanding triumph OF
mechanical ingenuity, and now from
Union City, Oklahoma, comes evi-
dence that plant can be converted
to war use by botanical ingenuity.
The plant is cotton, and the converter,
one J. A. Webb, disciple of the late
Luther Burbank. He first merged
two plants, cotton and okra, resulting
in one that yielded more cotton
seed-or possibly okra seed. Per-
haps cokron is the right word. II so,
Cokron Consolidated next took in the
well-known Hollyhock plant, and
now Hollycokron, Inc, produces a
large fat seed fairly reeking of oil.
The largest seed with which this
country is familiar is the coconut.
The next step seems obvious-the
hollycokronut. But, why stop there?
What about the sap Of this plant?
With a trace of milkweed in its
ancestry, it could replace the cum
bersome, old-fashioned dairy farm.
Why keep its roots smooth, when
they can grow potatoes as warts?
Why let the leaves 60 to waste, when
by simple crossbreeding they may be
converted to lettuce or spinach? Per-
haps there Is room, somewhere In the
new plants mongrel system, for rub
Der or gasoline. Why not 60 the
whole way, and make 1t universal
war plant to end all war plants?
There seems but one objection. BY
the time the conversion is complete,
the war 10 end Ill wars Win be over.
Evening star., 1943-04-07
Hoskin's Answers
To Questions
Bu Frederic J. Hdsktn

By Frederic J. Hdsktn.
A reader can get the dnstDer to any
question of fact by Drittng The Eue-
ming Star Information Bureau, Fred
eric J. Hnsktn, director, Washington.
D. c. Please inclose stamp TOR return
postage.
@. How many Governors Of States are
Democrats and how many Republicans
w. G. N
A. The Public Administration Clear
ing House says that "a are Democrats and
"a are Republicans, including the Acting
Governor Of Wisconsin.
@. Are concrete ships being built at
the present time?-W. r.
A. The first one launched in the pres
ent shipbuilding program is an oil barge,
the first Of 100 concrete vessels to be
placed In service.
@. What kind of bird is the paisano7
$. T. L.
A. This Is merely another name for
the famous roadrunner which also Is
known as snake eater, lizard bird, cock
of-the-desert, war bird, ground cuckoo,
medicine bird and chaparral bird.
@. What is Lady Chapel?-E l.. H.
A. This is a chapel dedicated to the
Blessed Virgin Mary. Such chapels often
are placed In the extreme eastern end
of a cathedral.
Evening star., 1943-04-07
COLUMBIA ROAD,

Dear SN:
II would Hike to tell you Of q pair Of
English sparrows which have been my
pensioners for three years. They recog-
nize me at any hour of the day, and a
block of, and 'dive-bomb' down and hop
alongside to where drop crumbs.
Others of the tribe come afterward,
but they are the real 'spotters,' however,
and are very grateful.
II have enjoyed your articles tn The
Star for many years.
Every sincerely, E. Z. W."
X
Before the war there was an unknown
man In London who had trained the
sparrows to come at his call and arrange
themselves in = row before him.
What has become Of the man or his
sparrows, we do not know, but the men,
ory Of them remains.
They served to show what intelligence
these often despised birds possess
The English sparrow is truly inter-
national bird. 1t Is really the European
house sparrow, and now Is known around
the world.
- 4 +
Cheerful chirps Of this sparrow greet
one In downtown Washington at all sea-
sons.
Though they do not find as much food
as In the old days they still are able to
pick up living.
No doubt this comes about because Of
the many more people; wherever there
are human beings, there will be eating,
and on the street as we'll as indoors.
Thousands Of people walk around at
lunch. They are all the time munching
on something.
Bits Of food are thrown away, and
these the sparrows and the pigeons and
the starlings find, much to their inner
satisfaction.
Friends Of birds should listen espe-
cially for the sparrow voices in the down.
town sections. TOO often they are not
heard, since the walker must have his
mind-most properly-on trafic prob
lens.
But 1t is good to listen for the sparrows,
and to hear their twitters, and to give
them credit for most cheerful music
In the mass OF ordinary city noises.
This Is one of the things held against
this sparrow, that 1t has no sweet song.
Another Is that 1t is a dirty bird
We submit that nothing living outdoors
In the downtown could remain very clean
very long.
4
The song Is another matter
Wherever you flnd the English SPAR
row, you md 1t singing, just as wherever
you find the English people, you hnd
them cheerful
1t Is marvellous that during the worst
period Of the war, when all civiliza tion
Evening star., 1943-04-07
Politics and the Army

Political activity In the United
States Army, especially In time of
war, should not be permitted. With
q projected Army OF more than
5000, 900 men, most of them of voting
age, the evil Of electioneering for
political Office would be very real.
The War Department has stringent
orders denying to men in the Army
the right to use their official posi-
aon to interfere with an election or
to affect the result thereof.
A new order has been issued, how
ever, which denies to any member
Of the armed forces on active duty
the right to become candidate for
or seek or accept election to any
public office not held by him when
he entered upon active duty. All
men in the Army today are on "ac-
tive duty" presumably. The order
further provides that no man on
active duty in the Army shall seek
or accept reelection to any office he
held at the time he entered upon ac-
tive duty without first obtaining ap-
proval of the War Department
This is a sweeping order which
would seem to need some explana-
ton. 1t is entirely within the bounds
Of possibility that man who has
been leader In his community, his
State or the country, might be called
upon by the electorate to accept elec-
tion to an important public Office
whether President, Senator or men,
Der Of the House of Representatives
TO deny the electorate the right to
make such selections-as we'll as to
deny to the men themselves the right
10 accept election-is a matter of
very doubtful policy. In none of the
prior wars Of this country has any
such direction been attempted. In
the World War members of Congress,
who had Joined the armed forces
and were on active service, were re-
elected while in the field.
There is also the chance that, be-
cause Of particularly meritorious and
eheetive service, a member of the
armed forces might capture the
imagination Of the people. They
might demand the right to elect him
10 high public Office. Whether, In
such circumstances, an order of the
War Department could effectually
Evening star., 1943-04-07
Centralized Control

Both logic and the teaching of
experience support the position taken
by War Production Chairman Donald
Nelson in his debate with Senator
Maloney Of Connecticut before the
Senate Banking and Currency Com
mittee yesterday.
Senator Maloney is sponsoring a
bill which would replace the present
Office OF Civilian Supply with a new
and Independent agency empowered
to appeal to Sterilization Director
Byrnes from any ruling by Mr.. Nelson
on the ALLEGATION of scarce materials.
In effect, it would divest Mr.. Nelson
OF the final control over priorities
which he now has. Curiously enough,
Senator Maloney did not criticize the
manner in which Mr. Nelson has
done his job, but based his argument
for the bill on the apprehension that
civilians may suffer from future
decisions by the WPB chairman.
Naturally, Mr. Nelson was strongly
opposed to the proposal, and with
good reason. The WPB undoubtedly
has made mistakes in the ALLEGATION
OF critical materials, as in the case of
the insufficient allowance Of steel for
farm machinery. But it does not
follow that there would be fewer
mistakes by splitting the authority
now vested in Mr.. Nelson and divid-
ing it between him and Mr.. Byrnes.
1t would seem, certainly, that we
have had enough unhappy expe-
rience with divided authority during
the conduct of this war to avoid any
step which tends to undermine the
limited degree OF centralized control
which has come into being through
the hard process of trial and error.
When full allowance Is made for
errors, the record indicates that Mr..
Nelson, on the whole, has done good
job. If there Is valid reason to believe
otherwise, however, the remedy, as
Mr.. Nelson himself suggested, is to
make some one else chairman of
WPB. But it would be a most unfor-
tunate step backward to split the
authority which has been given the
chairman by setting up another
agency with right of appeal to Mr..
Byrnes, who already has all of the
headaches that one man should be
called upon to endure.