davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-01-07

River-Itth TY. s-IOOs
oIh,D Open s:45. Preston Foster IN
MIGHT IN NEW ORLEANS" Plus
BORN To SING" with Ray Macdonald.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-01-07

Hoyold Alien. president Of The
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-01-07

" ioUN Open 6:i5. Park Free
PIERRE OF THE PLAINS" with John
Carroll. Ruth Hussey. 81 WAS FRAMED"
with Michael Ames and Julie Rtshop.
Cartoon. Novelty and News Buy Bonds.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-01-07

p0IlCE--it HsItiner Ave. Free Parking r
hVOuL open Sis. Dish Gift Night to
Ladies' Tyrone Power, Gene Tierney ia
"SON or FURY" Plus JOAN OF
OZARK" Judy Canoya, Joe f. Brown.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-01-07

VAN nYKE-Nsn Dyke mr.. Harper Pr. 1890
'h' JIM Open Noon. Hot Ovenwars
Free To Ladies Mat. and Eye. Phil Regan,
Jean Parker, "sHE MARRIED cor
Plus Michele Morgan. Joan or PARIS"
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-01-07
fuprpJ,I-7oso Michigan A,enu. :

ihio FREE DISHES TO LADIES
EVERY TUES, WE'D THURsDAYi
NIGHT COME AS LATE AS sP NJ AND
SEE COMPLETE FEATURES!
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-01-07

WCT0RV-s225 Grand River TY. $1,000
'iOiVni Open $50. Fiesta Luncheon
ware 10 Ladies. FINGERS AT THE
WINDOW" with Lew Ayres ''HKR CARD
BOARD I.ONEK.n with Norma Shearer
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1943-08-10
AT WAR AT HOME

Commando tactics? They're
old stuff Military intelligence?
Ditto, Accurate shooting, physi-
cal toughness and mental alert
ness? Duck soup All that, and
more, are the characteristics OF
an F.BI. man.
Inside the FB. L." by John
j. Floherty (Lippincott So, is a
treatise on that governmental
agency that will surprise you.
Of course, you've read OF many
of the stirring deeds of this arm
Of Uncle Sam; how it has cap
tured gangsterS, unearthed es-
pionage rings, shot il out with
No. public enemies. But you've
never been behind the scenes as
far as Fl0herty takes you-qual-
ificatlons, examinations, con-
slant training, mental and physi-
cal research, and a hundred and
one other things an agent has TO
know. Book is an interesting
document on the man who keeps
the home front safe for democ-
racy.
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1943-08-10
DO YOUR PART TONIGHT

Air Roid AIerts moy seem nconsequentio TO
some, removed os by thousands OF miles from
the fighting fronts but TO those who do not the
stern necessity for such drills offer the exomple
OF other lands ond other peoples who felt:
TT cont happen here"
The erushinsIy effective British ond American
Ione -dstonee rods across the Alps, the stob from
the Aeutions at the norhernmost OF the kures, ond
the admittedly unknown potentols OF new planes
now being developed moke vruolIy any point in
America possible forget for the veneefuI squod-
rons OF enemies.
Here in Mount Clemens this evening we sholI,
once oeoin, practise those precautions which - in
the event Of oerioI ottocks moy we'll count
less lives ond vital war moteros
Do your port enthusiastically ond promptly. II is
q stern port OF the notiono proerom TO keep the
oaes OF war from the home front
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1943-08-10
BY FRSKINE JOHNSON
NEA staff Correspondent

You've probably never heard
Of young man named Harold
Ramona. He's neW 10 Holly
wood. playing his first film role
with Joan Fontaine in French
mans Greek" Although only q.
his experiences during the last
seven years are fantastic In
fact, they read like an Enrol
Flynn script. He was thrown in
prison in Vienna in 1896. whore
ne was an actor, because ne re-
fused 10 say" He'll, Hitler and
wrote anti-Nazl plays. He fought
in the French army in the Battle
OF France He escaped from
France hiding in the bottom of
a boat. He hid from the Nazis IN
a monastery on the Spanish Dor
der. While trying 10 get 10 Por-
tugal in a small fishing boat, the
craft capsized and he nearly
drowned before he was picked
up British gunboat. Finally,
last July, ,e Joined his sister IN
New York, was signed to film
contract by Producer Charles X
Rogers.
Ramona isn't his real name.
And he's not telling 1t because
his mother, a FrenchWoman, is
still living in Paris. He says ne
and his mother became estrang-
ed from his father, Jugo- Slav,
when he be Ime pro Nazl. RAJ
mond is impressed with the
American way Of life, hopes TO
be a success in films. But most
OF all he would like to know
what has happened 10 his moth
er. He has nc heard from her
since the Nazis marched into
Paris.
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1943-08-10
CHINESE PHILOSOPHY

The invasion of Sicily has
made the vision of the Allied
victory more vivid in the minds
of Americans Thoughts of the
victory necessarily bring forth
thoughts of a .lsting peace, and
1t becomes apparent that an un-
derstandlng of our Allies phil
osophy is necessary if the peace
conferences will be determined
upon justice.
Lin Yutangs book, Between
Tears and Laughter" (John Day:
$3.50 is of interest, therefore,
because il presents a positive
contribution from the store of
Chinese political philosophy to
the vexed question OF world
peace.
The author points out that
the peace conferences must be
guided by deep draughts of wis
dom matured through four
thousand years by Asiatic
thought and experience in learn
ing how man must deal with
man"
Lin Yutang presents a work
TO stir up our ideas, change our
notions, rouse our laughter and.
most important, tell the Ameri-
can readers about the tried and
civilized point of view of the
Chinese.
The book, by its subject mat
ter and deep Inducements of
phlloSophic thoughts, is not
escaplst reading, but the wisdom
and sincerity of the author will
penetrate the readers thinking
as Allied victories bring peace
nearer 10 reality.
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1943-08-10

A blood and serum bank was
Starte by the Washington
Bridge League. The members OF
the American Contract Bridge
League are fighting a war on
cancer in children, in their chill
drens unit at Memorial Hospital
in New York Card parties raise
a large amount Of money for
worthy war relief causes.
At recent party held for the
childrens ward, | saw one pair
get into a nice contract. make
1t by skillful play All the de-
clarer did, when the dummy
went down, was to count his
tricks. He figured that West
must have five diamonds and the
ace OF clubs for his double So
North proceeded TO make all OF
his eight trumps separately.
These, with two spades and
three heart tricks, gave him his
contract.
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1943-08-10

The Army high command IS TO be congratulated
on the intelligence with which the bombing Of Rome
was handled from public relations standpoint.
Because Of the Location Of the Voticon ond several
major religious shrnes beloved Of oil Christons 70
man CothOIic or Protestont it wos particularly de-
sobIe hot the Axis should not be permitted TO spreod
oily or by coreIessness
So in addition TO planning the rod with utmost
core thot explosives should not be dropped near scored
institutions the Army made sklfu use Of all propo
eondo possibilities
President Roosevelt ond Premier Churchill assured
Pope Plus thot the Vocon would be sofeguorded in
ony ottocks on toy Then leaflets we're dropped
Rome informing the ta4an people Of the some
thing
Split second cotton wos orronged to have the first
fIosh on the bombing come from our side Before
AXIS propaganda could cotch its breath we had told
the story TO the world
The first bomb hurled out Of Fortress OF lib
on Monday morning Rome time, which wos 5:l3 in
the morning by Washington time. So fost did the
arrangements work out that 4 minutes Ioter OF SIT
o'clock fosh had gone over press association wires
from the notions copto:
The War Department announces the bombing
Of Rome
In thot brief interval the first bon7bers had sent
word 10 Agers II hod been reIoyed to the Pentoeon
Building IN Washington, posed through controls
given 70 ne~sren, transmitted by them to their Of
fees punched" out on the news printer and corried
10 principal distribution centers throughout the no.
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1943-08-10
HOPES CONFIRMED

The AXIS feeble stond on the beaches Of south.
eostern Sicily would seem 10 confirm our hopes that
Noz resources ore OF low ebb There can be no other
exploration for HtIers foiiure to give our invasion
speorheods more Of bottle
True, we bod bombed Sicon oirfelds into bad
Shape ond otherwise donoeed defense installations
But the invasion points oil ore within cosy flying
ronee Of nnoinIond ItoIy ond we're for from unot-
toinobe from other AXIS points. It looks os if the
little corporal had tried TO stretch himself bit too
for
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1943-08-10
RY PETER EDISON

An ace Washington cores
pendent, just back from a swing
around the country TO feel the
public pulse, reports that he
heard people giving Roosevelt
hell every place he went - but
didn't hear Hitler's name men
toned once.
Pressure is being brought TO
bear on WAC Director Oveta
Culp Hobby TO approve changes
in the design on the WAC mil
linery. for some Army officers
-male-are convinced that the
reason WAC recruiting has fallen
off so badly is because the gals
don't like that cap. The type
writer pounding that women do
for the Army being about the
same as the typewriter pound
ing they would do for the Navy,
Coast Guard or Marines, the
feminine psychological warfare
strategists figure that the outfit
which has the snappiest uniform
will get the most recruits. The
WAVE hat being more feminine
than the WAC cap, some of the
male Army officers trying to en-
courage WAC recruiting are sit
ting up nights worrying about
having some new millinery de-
signed for the soldier girls. as
an indictment TO enlist and to
stop designations.
Recruiting of lady Marines is
supposed TO have gone great
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1943-08-10

The reliance of democracy on
its leaders is one Of the great
safeguards in psychological war
fare within and outside the
country. The relationship be-
tween the leader and his follow
ers is basic 10 victory.
Edward l.. Bernays. public re-
lations expert.
They (Sicilian wines) are
stronger than they taste Most
OF them are pleasant but Will up
set the stomach and 60 to your
legs as well as 10 your head un-
less you know when 10 stop.
Booklet issued 10 Canadians
in Sicily.
The time has come for labor
10 realize that If We are going 70
stop initiation We cannot continue
10 raise wages in the wage brack-
cts which are not sub standard.
--WLB member Wa ne l..
Morse
Humanity has made the world
what II is. Our present chaos is
the failure not of the goodness
Of God but Of the sanity OF man.
DR., Carl C. Rasmussen Of Get
tysburg (Pa) Lutheran Theo-
logical Seminary.
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1943-08-10
WAR FAV RITE AUTHORS E.

WAR FAV RITE AUTHORS
The terrible destruction of
modern warfare IS brought out
wildly in The War Plane and
How II Works (Dutton: So 500 d.
The author, Capt Burr Lcyson,
author Of numerous books on
military aviation, discusses in
this volume the history Of fire
power as applied 10 planes. And
some Of the figures will astound
you,
For instance, he reports that
the American 50-caliber Colt
Browning machine gun, en-
ployed in Yankee aircraft. fires
a bullet weighing only from 1873
to 800 grains. Yet, it leaves the
muzzle of the gun at rate Of
$500 feet a second and has a
striking force of l0,765 pounds!
Imagine what that would do to
the fuselage of Jap Zero.
You begin to realize just what
horror Londol and ot h r
bombed citic. of Europe felt
when those block busters fell in
reading Capt. Leysons section
on bombs. He explains that even
a medium 500-pound bomb VIII
develop a pressure IF "a pounds
TO the square inch on exploding
a distance of 30 feet. At 100
feet, the pressure is about 2
pounds. A man standing at that
distance would be subjected to
a total force Of $500 pounds in
10000 Of a second. Exit man
If the pressure and shock
didn't &c, him, the man would
be subjected TO shower of
5000 fragments from 1000
pound demolition bomb. And
that ought to be enough,
Book, in addition 10 explain
in guns and bombs, discusses
power turretS, war gases, a
planes performance under all
conditions and generally gives
you an idea Of what a crew OF
military plane must know in
order TO fight and live in this
age of mechanical warfare.
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1943-08-10
LOS ANGELES - F.,

Los ANGELES 49, What do
alrllnes passengers leave be-
hind most frequently?
Dorothy Roberts, lost-and-
found clerk for American Air
lines. lists these: single shoes,
orlefcases, umbrellas, rubbers
Gin palrs), ovcrcoats.
Other items recently forgot
ten: an upper plate, an x-ray
photograph, three aces and two
kings from deck Of cards
and book on how TO improve
the memory.
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1943-08-10
FOOTLOOSE

SALT LAKE CITY-"You'v We
got to be psychiatrist and
psychologist and about every
thing else in the dictionary 10
keep up with son like mine"
observed Pvt. Fred F. Howard
Of the Salt Lake Army Air
base
His son. Douglas, IL, was
picked up Saturday night in
Chicago after trip by train and
hitch-hiking on cash from the
sale OF few newspapers. II was
his fourth-and longest-trip.
The train just happened TO
pull out the boy told his faith
er.
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1943-08-10
THIN MAN DILEMMA

NJ M is IN another dilemma
owe a revi al Of tn, Thin Man
series. II Myrna 10y does not re
turn 10 Hollywood, the studio
would like TO cast Lucille Ball
opposite William Powell. But
how 10 do It is a problem. Let
Powell divorce Mrs. Charles and
re-marry Lucille Or let Lucille
be his country cousin who comes
TO town 10 help solve crimes
while Mrs {. Joins the WAC
It's one Il the joys OF starting a
film series as popular as the
Thin Man Kay Kayser and
his inSeparable cigar have until
now, drive n film cameramen
daffy IT. n old. Professor invari-
ably parked II somewhere on the
set when he was called to the
camera, filling the background
with Wha at times reached the
proportions Of a smoke screen.
Now RKO has provided him
WIN oil ssh U dN VII NilttlNt III
prop man sees that it's always
handy and rolls it off the set
when the camera starts 10 turn.
NO TROPICS WANTED
Pre-War cor 'etition among
snail towns for film location
units, with the attendant en-
ployment for town buns, money
and publicity, is out for the dur
alton. Now It's, Please Stay
Home nefore reluctantly CO.
operating with 60 'e SUI MS
film troupe for l9-day location
trip TO Santa Rosa, Calf, the
town fathers ruled q Bring
your own BOD. We're short of
points, too. ~ Brins your own
extras. We have our own labor
problems and CD Is the har-
vest season and we're busy.
Please bar all sightseers. Hum
phrew Bog RI explains Thy
most film stars try to avoid
Wo. kin before the camera with
a dog It's like this--they shoot
the scene 10 times and the actor
rs good each time but the dog
moved So they have 10 re shoot
II. On the 18th try the actor is
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1943-08-10
. BEHIND THE SCENES
IN WASHINGTON

guns UP TO the time the new
green and white striped seer
sucker uniforms were brought
out. Since then, il hasn't been
so good. What all this leads 10
eventually is the possibility of
seasonal changes in style for all
the women in service, just 10
humor them At that, the women
would not be proving themselves
less vain than the Navy, which
has switched uniforms from
white to khaki TO the new slate
gray. Just since the war began.
ALLEN AND FIRST DIVISION
Maj, Gen. Terry De La Marie
Allen, comma Ider of the First
Division, which has cut such
wide swaths through the enemy
in both North Africa and Sicily,
is now rated as one OF the most
colorful of all the u. s. Army
commanders, not even excluding
old Blood and Cuts, Green Man
tie Patton, Aliens superior COM
handing the u. S Seventh Ar
my.
He dropped out OF West Point
after three years TO study phil
oSophy at Catholic University in
Washington. Then was commits
stoned a second Lieutenant; from
civilian life. He is bitterly re-
sentfui of other Army erganiza-
tons calling themselves First
First Armored Division, First
Marine Division and so on.
There is only one first divi-
sion, he storms. All his orders
TO his troops in the North Afri-
can campaign end with this
characteristic sentence: Moth
ing in hell can stop the First
Division
The pants Of Arthur D White
side, vice chairman of the War
Production Board in charge of
civilian requirements. provide
one Of the more intriguing topics
of gossip around WPB head
quarters Whiteside, president OF
Dun and Bradstreet, is one of
the most energetic and dynamic
executives in Washington, and
his pants are characteristic AS
he PAGES tip and down in his
office. hands stuck in his pock-
cts, the tails OF his coat part to
reveal that the pants of his bust
ness suits are laced up the back,
sailor fashion, and therefore ad-
Unstable Also. there are snaps
on the bottom OF his trouser legs.
QUICK CHANGE
Whiteside has some of his ev-
erydaY business suits tailored
that way so he can fasten the
folded cuffs tightly about his
dAhlISs MIN Oll ms sNlttl Silptss
slip into some riding shoes,
jump on horse and go riding
off across the hills near his West
port Conn. home wi tn u (
changing clothes before or after
hours in his New York office.
A footnote 10 Secretary OF the
Interior Petroleum Administrat-
or Harold l.. Ickes' recent as
surances that the gasoline situ-
alton is now improving is that
the government car in which Mr.
ICkes is frequently chauffeured
TO and from work is doing 40
unnecessary miles every time it
makes a trip. The car Is kept
in government garage in Wash
ington In the morning, it is
driven out to the Ickes farm in
Maryland. 90 miles from Wash
ington. 10 pick up the secretary.
II hauls him TO work. AT days
end II hauls him home. Then the
car returns TO the government
garage in Washington.
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1943-08-10

per hanger was there TO redeco-
rate and wouldn't wait OBrien
aske for enough time TO shave
and shower. The clerk con-
ferred, returned to the phone,
chuckled and said: The paper
hanger IS hard of hearing He
didn I catch your name and says
who the hell do you think you
are, a movie starr
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1943-08-10
HiohIiohts from the Latest Books

may rival even the United
States in industrial production.
Her natural resources and pop
ulation exceed ours We cannot
afford TO lose Soviet Russia as a
friend if we are TO avoid third
World War
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1943-08-10
CALENDAR TROUBLE

LOS ANGELES - Arrested
in connection with the theft Of
a S25 war bond. Roy Myers, 40,
looked amazed when police
found such a bond sewed in his
trousers.
Fancy that he exclaimed.
Il didn't know there was a
bond there. | bought this suit
from a second hand dealer Aug
ust L.
He was booked on suspicion
of burglary.
The bond was dated August 5.
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1943-08-10
SPECIAL SERVICE

SPOKANE, Wash. - Everett
j Parker's job was to get IL
dozen doughnuts for lodge
picnic.
He stopped TO pick up the
sinkers on his way to the park,
but found the bake shop and
three other buildings had burn
ed 10 the ground.
1--WE couldn't save thing"
said the proprietor, but one
man did run in and pick up IL
boxes | had put by the door
they are your doughnuts.
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1943-08-10
McKENNY ON
BRIDGE
BY WILLIAM Y. MCKINNEY
Americas Card Authority

Every once in while | hear
or read word or two OF criti-
cism directed against playing
bridge during the war. These
critics probably do not know
what the bridge players OF the
country have undertaken. They
are out to raise s20,000,000 to
provide scholarships for orphans
OF the war.
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1943-08-10
Q IN HOLLYWOOD

terrible but the dog is wonder
full so this the take they
use in the picture.
PAT 0lFAetcn checked into a
busy San Diego hotel the other
night after a camp show. Next
morning the clerk tclcphoned
nd said he'd have to be out of
Nc room Is minutes A pa
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1943-08-10
SNAPPY CATCH

WINCHESTER BAY. Ore. -
Oregonians don't need ammuni-
ton.
Douglas Daley discovered a
cougar in his apple tree, calmly
ensnared it in a fish net. then
dumped the critter into cage.
Two women a week earlier
ecountered cougar on road.
They dragged it home-in their
fish net.
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1943-08-10

SANTA FE, n. M.-Since the
fall of Mussolni, artist Will
Shuster has renamed the three
visaged figure Of Zozobra-"Old
Man Gloom which will be
burned at the stake in Santa
Fe's famed fiesta next month.
Shuster first called it "Zozo-
bra Hirohitmus."
Now he has changed it 10
"Zozobra Hirohittlepuss.
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1943-08-10
Q FLASHES
OF
LIFE .
nv Tn, Associated Pre-.
JUST IN TIME

JUST IN TIME
WEST HARTFORD. Conn -
The police. holding Eddie Jnr-
dan because he was unable TO
produce draft classification
card, allowed him TO telephone
his wife who. he promised
would bring the card TO head
quarters.
Mrs. Jordan did just that; and
with the card she had a letter
for Eddie which the postmsn
had just delivered. II was a
notice for him TO report for in
duction ednesday.
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1943-08-10

Meanwhile in the second flights 40 minutes be-
hind the first seven An1ercon and British correspond
ents we're looking down on Rome witnessing with their
own eyes the octuo donoge done by eofer explosives
ond watching bombs drop from accompanying planes.
It wos impossible for the Voticon ST. Peters Son.
TO Mario ST. PouIs Bosljco or ony major religious
institution 70 have suffered without some Of the cor
respondents noticing thot don1oge
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1943-08-10
ANOTHER ON RUSSIA

Russia has been the subject OF
many books on the war, one of
the most successful being Wen
dell Wilkes "One World" A
little more detailish, however.
and probably a bit more inter-
esting because of the sidclights
that Larry Lesueur picked up
over a long stay in his book,
~ Months That Changed the
World (Alfred A. Knopf: So.
Lasueur, former newspaper
man and radio newsman. was a
war veteran even before he
went to Russia the hard way.
After seeing the rout of the
French, ne was assigned TO Rus
STA by CHS. 1t was tough trip
from England over the top of
the world into Archangel.
! o m b 5 dropped frequently.
There were submarine scares.
Weather was terribly cold. But
he arrived safely with other
a m r n correspondents in
time to
Cover the battle for Moscow
and Leningrad, the heroic stand
at Stalingrad; get a deep-dow
insight into the character of the
cosmopolitan Russian people
and their form of government,
bring back surprising knowl-
edge Of Russian politics and
witness some OF the most heroic
epicS OF the war.
Book closes with a warning
We all should heed
In the future, Soviet Russia
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1943-08-10
OPPOSITES

FORT WILLIAM HARRISON.
Wisecrackers are wait
ing for the day these two SOL
diers meet:
Pvt. Robert H. Long, who is
stocky and Of medium height.
Corp. Clarence r Short, who
is long and lean--slx feet two
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1943-08-10
MFANEST THIEF

OAKLAND, Calf. - M SIS
Ruby Sutherland told police
that a man tripped her Saturday
night and stole her shoes-shoes
that she had just purchased.