davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1943-03-04
Home Education
BY LUCIA MALLORY

/ had just finished washing the
dinner dishes one evening. On my way
through the dining room to attack the
basket of mending awaiting me, | saw
my small son, Richard sitting at the
table. His arithmetic book and tablet
were open in front of him and there
was a pencil in his hand but he was
Mt putting down any figures. He look
ed discouraged, | thought. He prob
ably didn't like arithmetic any better
than ] did at his age. bent over and
pressed light kiss on the nape of his
neck. Saying nothing. went on to my
mending.
Several weeks later | was surprised
and touched to have Richard say to
me, Mother, you remember that night
/ was trying to study my arithmetic
and you came by and stopped and
kissed me on the back of my neck?
You didnik say Il word. but after that,
| just st;Kted in on those examples
and finished them without stopping.
And before, they had seemed so hard.
| got perfect on them, too
1t had been such a little. natural
thing for me to do and | had forgotten
it. Now his words made me feel humble
and gave me food for thought. 1t made
me resolve to watch for occasions
when an encouraging word, a smile or
touch was needed
How quickly words of reproof come
to our lips! Do we ever let slip an
opportunity to reprove? 1t is, of course,
because we want our children to be
pretty nearly perfect and feel that if
we do not call to their attention every
lapse from the standard of behavior
we have set for them, they will take
advantage of it. But this reiterated
faulttinding is apt to degenerate into
nagging and is sure to be either re-
sented or ignored.
! Let us try to substitute Il positive
attitude toward our children in this
respect. Let us be on the watch for
times when we can commend actions
and not take the performance of duties
so much for granted. Il liked the way
you did that Agnes" or. The room
looks SO nice since you have busted it,
will leave behind "A little glow of
pleasure. And isn't it reasonable to
| suppose that the work will seem easier
to the child when she knows that her
efforts are going to be noticed? She
will feel like singing, aS did Disney 5
dwarfs, while she performs her tasks.
| If even adults need ii pat on the
back once in Il while, how much more
the often bewilqered adolescent needs
| encoura cement. Let us beStoW such
attention in iudicous but never in
Il niggardly spirit.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1943-03-04
Ceramic Materials
Situation
BY A. F. GREAVES WALKER

During World War I, very few of
the non-metallic minerals except the
clays had come into wide use and, as
a consequence, shortage were rare. If
my memory serves me correctly,
spathic magnesite was the only one
of which we were seriously short, and
in that case the cryptocraystalline ore
filled the requirements. That war was
not as widespread as this one, and the
sea lanes over most of the world were
kept open, thus making it possible for
us to import such minerals we We're
not producing.
During the past twenty-five years,
and particularly during the past tif-
teen, the non-metallic industries have
undergone great expansion. Much re-
search has been carried on in the De
partments of Ceramic Engineering and
the Research Institutes, which has re-
suited in the use of nOn-metallics NOT
previously considered of commercial
value and a wider use of those which
had established themselves
While deposits of practically every
known nOn-metallic mineral existed in
this country some of them were too
small to develop commercially under
peace conditions and others could not
be developed because of competition
from ores from foreign countries
that, as you know, included almost all
of them.
Great changes in the situation have
been brought about by the present war
None of the sea lanes are free from
the submarine menace and as Il conse-
quence, supplies have either been cut
off or shipping rates and insurance
have increased the cost to point
where domestic deposits can be devel-
Oped with assurance of at least, an
even break.
Before the war, few people would
have even considered it possible that
we would ever encounter shortage
in many of the more common minerals
However, we are face to face with
such Il condition today.
Beginning with the clays, there is
now no shortage in the common types
such as are used in structural mate
rialS. The same can be said for the
refractory fire clays, although it seems
certain that if this war lasts another
three or four years, some of the de
posits will be sadly depleted. This can
also be said for the diaspOre deposits
There appears no possibility of q
shortage of ball clay or Secondar!
kaolin, but if English china clay is Gu!
off, or even curtaied, as is quite like
ly, the primary kaOln operations will
require considerable expansion.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1943-03-04
Labor Urged To Help In
Postwar Reconstruction

New York City misunderstanding
the American war effort as Il miracle
of production and accomplishments
(which hardly anyone overseas less
than Il year ago believed possible"
John Marchbank, vice president and
chairman of the management commit
tee of the International Transport
Workers Federation, called upon or
ganized labor in the United States to
assist actively in formulating labor's
peace aims and an international pro-
gram of postwar reconstruction.
Marchbank former general secre'
tary of the National Union of Rail
waymen of Great Britain, came to the
L. S. as Il member of British trade
union delegation to confer with the
leaders of the American trade union
movement on matters of closer rela-
tiOnS between the labor movements of
the United Nations Other members Of
the delegation are: Sir Walter Citrine,
general secretary, British Trades
Union Congress and president, Inter-
national Federation of Trade Unions !;
Harry Harrison, British Shipbuilding
Trade Union Federation; +. WOlsten-
croft, WOodwOrkers Union; A. COnley,
British Clothing Workers Union: and
e. Bell, international secretary, Brit
ish Trades Union Congress.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1943-03-04
NAVY YARD WORKERS
COMMENDED BY BARD

Washington, ID. G. - Skilled crafts
men in the nations navy yards are
playing a key role on the production
front to help win the war. according
10 Assistant Secretary of the Navy
Ralph \. Bard
Secretary Bard paid tribute to the
workers in an address at an ''Old
timers night celebration held by
Columbia Lodge No. ia. one of the
biggest locals in the International AS
sociatiOn of Machinists The lodge
represents machinists at the Washing
ton Navy Yard and other government
units in the capital area.
Mr.. Bard declared navy yard work.
ers have done a splendid production
job and said the veteran union ma
chinists have been particularly valu-
able as INSTRUCTORS in training the
vast number of new workers. He also
voiced confidence that. with the work
ers' help. America will win a sweeping
triumph in the war
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1943-03-04

A hard days work isn't half us tir
Ing as d four-hour banquet.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1943-03-04

pST1llSSlOn.
Formula Is Criticized
"The Little Steel formula" the
by the board in denying increases.
From a workers viewpoint, this for
mula is no longer a fair yardstick to
measure just increases. All will agree
that the cost Of living commodities has
increased more than - per cent since
1911. Fair statisticians agree that the
cost rise since that date is more than
y per cent. The workers dollar is
worth now but 479 per cent Of his
1889 dollar"
Jimerson and German told the Presi-
dent that in their opinion it comes
with bad grace for the War Labor
Board to make amends for their deci-
sion by recommending that the packers
give their employees a longer work
week" adding that they felt that the
board. in making this suggestion, ."ad-
mitted that the packing plant worker
is entitled to more pay"
Contending that 1T is impractical
that the Independent meat packers give
their employees a longer work week, =
the union leaders pointed out that
Office of Price Administration "regu-
lations are such that this independent
group cannot stand loss Of from 81
to SO on each hog slaughtered"
Strike Danger Seen
1T will be impossible for the pack
ing plant worker TO understand this
decision because frankly. Mr.. Presi-
dent. the decision is not fair" they
declared. The possibility exists that
repetition Of uncomfortable strikes
of large magnitude will take place
if this decision Of the board is en-
forced There have been no increa seS
granted packing plant workers since
August. 1911. Most of the packers adj
wise us that they would be in posi-
ton to meet a reasonable general in
crease in pay provided OPA regula-
tions We're altered slightly.
Final Appeal Made
"As representatives of an interna
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1943-03-04
Labor News From Brituin

Chief Registrars statistics are these.
His tables show that more than one
half of the aggregate membership of
centrated in IA big Unions The fact
that there are nearly a thousand
Unions in existence can be misunder
stood as Il sign of weakness.
There are quite Il large number of
| Unions with an individual membership
of less than thousand each; there
are nearly 300 tiny societies with less
than hundred members each. But
this group of small Unions, to the
number of $50, each with member
ship of less than one thousand, ac-
count for no more than 143,OO0 mem
bers all told; whereas there are II
big Unions each with Il membership
in excess of 100000 whose aggregate
membership is practically 4,00O,OO0-
that is 30 per cent of the total mem-
bership of all Unions.
! Indeed, four-fiftLs of the total num-
ber of trade mionists i'm the country is
| concentrated in 46 Unions. Another
significant fact is the largest in
creases in membership occurred
amongst the male workers in the en-
gineering and metal working group of
Industries, and in the general labor
| unions, whilst female membership
showed the largest increases, firstly in
the miscellaneous trades covered by
hn 1.,h IN bl
workers in the national government
| services. 1t may be expected that dur
| ing the present year. 1913, the women
workers in the engineering and metal
trades will show Il rapid advance in
unionisation.
Cooperation In Clothing Trades
There can be no question that the
extension of Trade Unionism during
these war years is due in large part
, to the development of WOrkerEnl-
relationships. Be
| tween the Unions and the employers
organizations much closer and friend
| lier relations SubSiSt now than at any
period in the history of British indus
try; and the policy of the Government
has been to assign to organized EN-
ployers and organized worSpeople more
and more responsibility for the carry
ing on of the war time industry.
A fresh illustration of this poin;
comes to hand as | write In the cloth
ing trades IL scheme is now being
worked out for the concentration of
production, and The transfer and re-
organization of the industry. 1t in
wolves the closing down of production
units in some areas, and the transfer
of the induStry'S manpOwer to less con
geSted centerS The National Union of
TailOrs and Garment Workers, the
only Union covering this group of
trades, has been associated with the
scheme.
This Union is also a party to con
sultationS with the employers aSSocia-
tiOns in the industry on the question of
bringing the maXimum hours up to the
level prescribed by the Minister of
Labor as reasonable standard of
working hours in war time industry.
AS the drain on the manpower of this
industry grows through the necessity
of transferring some of its labor force
to the war trades more hours have to
be worked by those who are left but
not without regard to Union views.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1943-03-04
Pay Is Redl Issue SdYs
WPB Official Hitting
"BogeY" Of 40-Hour Week

st. Paul, MINI. OLNS). "The
argument about the 40-hour week is
not question of how long should Ia
Dor work. but a question of how much
should labor be paid Wendell Lund,
Director of WPB Labor Production
Division declared in message de-
livered to the st. Paul Carnival by
Frank Haas, Chief of the division's S
Conferences Unit.
Pointing to official reports of the
Secretary of Labor that the scheduled
working hours in war industries pass
ed the As hour mark in November of
1912, Lund said that actual working
hours of the average worker in many
key industries was higher than As
hours even after allowing for time lost
from accident and illness.
He added that in November workers
producing firearms actually worked
1872 hours IL week and those making
machine tools 52.S.
"If these are the facts about the
hours of war workers, what, then, is
this bOgey of the 4O-hour week that is
supposed to be haunting war produc-
ton? The truth is that the argument
about the 4O-hOur week is not Il qles-
tOn of how long should labor work,
but Il question of how much should
labor be paid.
'The law requires time and one-half
pay for work in excess of 40 hours
during one work week. If there are
those who believe that the wages of
labor should be reduced, let them say
so. But let us see the issue as it is
and not clouded with vague discussion
about restriction on the length of the
work week
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1943-03-04
Meet Workers Ask President
To Withhold Enforcement Of
Decision Denying PdY Rdise


Chicago GLNS-An appeal to President Roosevelt to
quest the National War Labor Board to withhold
its decision denying raise packing house workers until
he it has forwarded to the White House
Jerson president Patrick E. Goman of
the Amalgamated Meat Cutters and Butcher Workmen
The decision, which affects approximately 10000 workers.
is most unfortunae the officials told the President
telegram which informed him that our local unions from many
of the nation requesting that grant them strike
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1943-03-04

rush to the air waves, and to the
press, to heap the blame all on labor,
particularly organized labor.
Problem Is Admitted
Not many are surprised when the
Howard Smiths and the Peglers rush
forward with charges of labor ire
sponsibility, and urge restrictive laws,
not to curb absenteeism but to shackle
and hOg,tie all organized labor" Den
mis- said. ATTACKS from that source
are commOn-and duly discounted. But
l have heard some disheartening COM
ment about the remarks of others, like
Eddie Rickenbacker, for just one
example.
"Absenteeism is, indeed, prob
lem," Dennis declared. "It is true that
up to 6 per cent of workers in given
plant are sometimes absent, when they
are scheduled to be working. Some
labor officials tell me that the percent
age of absenteeism among manage
ment is far greater, although the pub
lie hears little about that.
Workers Solving Problem
investigation by responsible govern
ment agencies, like the Department of
Labor Division, show clearly that
much of workers absenteeiSm is due
to illness of workers and members of
their families due to bad housing and
living conditions in some of the over
crowded war production communities,
and to fatigue, induced by the strain
of long hours and extra effort.
1.-The real reasons for worker ab
senteeism are .many-fOld and deep
seated Dennis insisted. ''That is why
the present sincere effort by labor it
self to reduce absenteeism to Il mini
mum is accorded by experts the best
chance of solving the problem.
Talk about laying down on the
home fronts, while the boys are giving
their all on the battlefronts, becomes
disgusting to many people, including
not a few of those in the armed forces.
After all, the vast majority of the
boys on the fighting fronts are sons
and brothers of those wage earners
on the home and production fronts,
who wish to support their loved ones
and their country with every need, just
us speedily and as certainly as may
be humanity possible"
''Official records show they are do
ing just that. Despite some absentee
ism, and despite all other obstacles,
war production is now nearly five
times as great as when we entered the
war-and it is growing steadily. The
man-hOur production rate is the high
est in all history. This means that
working men and women are simply
working harder and producing more
war equipment and supplies than was
ever believed possible
End OF Knocking Asked
MANY responsible people believe it
is high time for the knockers and
labor-baiters to pull in their hammers
and quit kidding the public" Dennis
said, adding:
'"ro much emphasis has been placed
on absenteeism in industry, many be-
lieve, for that is only one of many
problems, in which all Americans are
concerned on the home and production
fronts-tOo much emphasis in tn way
of knocking labor, instead of cooper
ating to help solve ALL problems as
they arise"
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1943-03-04
Use Absenteeism As General
Attdck On Unions; Labor Con
Solve Problem, Says Dennis


Washington D. c. QLNS)-Some unavoidable absenteeism
in industry and perhaps that avodabe but which labor
itself is trying to eliminate has enabled and the
tooges of antabor employers chiefly the category of Big
Business veritabe field day at their harmful tasks
Albert N Dennis, in commentary "Abseneesm In In
dusry the weekly broadcast of his Labor News Review
Station WSV of the Columbia Boadcastng SYSTEM made
that charge and added:
MANY who to know practically nothing of
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1943-03-04
Joint Labor Committees
To Fight Absenteeisrn

Cleveland, O. (ILNS) - The
American Federation of Labor
and Congress of Industrial Or
ganiZationS have formed joint
committees here to combat alb
Senteeism in war plants. Central
and local labor organizations are
giving the committees strong
support.
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1943-03-04

tional union representing 10000 work
ers in the meat industry, we make
this final human. appeal to you to re-
quest the board to withhold enforce
ment Of its decision until you can
review it,"
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1943-03-04
Mothers With Children
Under Is Take War Jobs

Buffalo, n. \. ULNS).-A survey
made by the buffalo War Council 5
that at least 4.467 Buffalo mothers
having children under Is or younger
are working in war jobs
The study, part of Il statewide sur
vey requested by Lieut.. Gov Thomas
II. Wallace, showed there are 6,67S
children under II in the families of
the working mothers. OF that number
SS3 children have no private super
vision while the mother is at work.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-02-06
Judge Rebukes
Koch Lawyer
For His 0rdtory

With a flamboyant address that
drew frequent chidings from the
court. William Henry Gallagher,
defense counsel, today began his
efforts TO clear DR.. William F.
Koch and his brother, Louis, of
government fake drug charges.
Gallagher, by turns hurt and
indignant by Judge Ernest A.
IO'Brien's interruptions, sketched
for the jury the early struggles of
Doctor Koch for recognition of his
theories. his alleged persecution by
the medical fraternity and his
lreputed cures.
MANY of these patients had
come TO him in despair" Gal
lagher said.
JUDGE BREAKS IN
"The jury will disregard that
state IN n e." Judge O'Brien
snapped. Tho attorney Is pre-
sumed to be making an opening
address and not presenting con-
illusions"
Gallagher had his first brush
with Judge O'Brien in an endeavor
TO show that Doctor Koch had
dedicated his life to research after
the death of his father by cancer
"He then recognized the help
lessness of the medical profess
siOn," he said.
Frank x. Norris. assistant dis.
trict attorney, Immediately OBJ
jected.
REBUKED FOR 'ORATORY'
"You will kindly refrain from
such passages of oratory," the
court warned.
Gallagher said that among other
witnesses would be a Detroit attor
ney who was rejected by an insur'
ance company. then later insured
for 100000 after treatment from
the Koch preparations.
Gallagher's address followed the
refusal Of the court to dismiss
| charges.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-02-06

LONDON, Feb. 5 CUP),-Trap-
ped in a damp cellar-the last
Nazi lair in Stalingrad - Field
Marshal Friedrich Won Paulus
agreed to unconditional surrender
and ordered his troops to cease
resistance, Radio Moscow said to-
day.
Then Won Paulus and other Nazi
generals, escorted by Red soldiers
with tommy guns, left the building
and walked along the ruined
streets of the embattled city to
Russian headquarters. The field
marshal stared blankly ahead, and
his face twitched nervously.
Earlier, the Russian broadcast
said, after thousands of German
troops had quit, a Nazi delegation
arrived at the Soviet positions and
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-02-06
INaZi Field Marshal Inn Cellar
ISurrenderS With Troops

said the entire 297th division was
ready to put down its arms.
Russian Major Chekalov. with
two other officers, entered the hut
housing German headquarters and
found 20 German officers awaiting
them.
Mai. Zen. Moritz Won Drebber
sat at a table wearing a short fur
Jacket and a Russian cap with
small ear flaps. The Nazi Off
GERS arose at the Russians en-
trance and. at Chekalov's request
and Won Drebbers order, laid their
side arms on the table one by one.
Chekalov told Won Drebber:
"Order all units TO surrender
their arms" Won DFebbef picked
up the telephone and gave the
order and then Chekalov cut the
wires.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-02-06

Won Drebber plunged his head
between his hands, and said:
what a defeat! We've suf. 4
fered losses before, but this II \
nothing but utter defeat"
Meanwhile, said Radio Moscow,
other German and Rumanian di-
visions surrendered and piled up
their arms in the streets. Prison
ers revealed the location of Won
Paulus' headquarters and il was
Immediately surrounded by Soviet
tank and tommy gunners.
Nazi sentries who resisted were
destroyed, and then the Germans
sent out a delegation saying the
high command was ready 10 quit.
Russian Colonel Lukin and other
Officers entered the cellar-where
Won PauluS awaited them.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-02-06
i. ). Filters Bomb
Burma Railroad

NEW DELHI. Feb. 5 (UP).--
United States air force bombers
scored direct hits in another raid
on the Myitgne railroad bridge
across the Irrawaddy River in
lower Burma yesterday. disrupting
Japanese efforts to repair the
damage Of previous raids, a head
quarters communique said today.
The bridge attacks were carried
out simultaneously with raids by
Royal Air Force pilots. flying
American-built B-24 Liberators,
on docks at Rangoon. The British
fliers dropped 1,000-pound bombs
on the Japanese-held Burma CAPT.
tai
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-02-06
Roosevelt Sends
Praise 10 Stain

WASHINGTON. Feb. s (INS)
Roosevelt today sent
a congratulatory message to Josef
Stain, stating that "the brilliant
victory" at Stalingrad will inspire
fresh determination to force the
unconditional surrender of the
common enemy"
The President said that "the
epic battle for the city" and the
decisive results" which all Amer
leans are celebrating will remain
one of the proudest chapters in
this war of the peoples united
against Nazism and its emu
latorS."