davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-01-24
Aerial Abb

That there always is a market for
a new alibi, if sufficiently ingenious
and picturesque, is eXemplified by
the invention of the gremlin, the
little rascal who loads airplane wings
with ice, saws control wires, nibbles
holes in fuel tanks, jams machine
guns, defects compasses and other
wise plays havoc in the air He is
supposed to be an internal nuisance
and arch enemy of the pilot, whereas
the truth is that he is the pilots best
friend, sort of aerial alibi for any
mistakes that may have been made.
ut was not my fault" says the
shrewd flier, asked to explain a
crack up. Il had too many gremlins
on that hop"
The pity Of it all is that the grem-
lin, never leaving the air, is monopo-
lized by the aviator and unavailable
to the motorist. Why cannot earth
bound gremlins be created, every bit
as real as their air-minded cousins,
to aid haraSSed car drivers? Surely
it would be convenient to inform an
angry traffic policeman: 1T was not
my fault that I went through that
red light. A gremlin stepped on the
throttle"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-01-24
Hopeful Portent

The announcement that the Exec
utive Council of the American
Federation of Labor has ratified an
agreement for the arbitration of
jurisdictional disputes-a most an
noying and inexcusable form of
labor troubles a hopeful portent
for the future.
This agreement was approved by
the CLIO early in the month. Hence,
assuming final favorable action by
the AFL, procedure has been set up
under which it should be possible to
adjust disputes between rival unions
without strikes and without recourse
to public agencies already busily
occupied with other kinds of indus
trial controversies. If the agreement
fails to achieve this objective, it will
be only because the subscribing
parties refrain from making full use
of the facilities which it provides.
The agreement contemplates the
setting up of a joint committee to
settle jurisdictional disputes. Should
the committee members fail to agree,
they would select an arbiter who
would make a binding decision. If
they cannot agree upon an arbiter
the President Of the United States
would be asked to name one, whose
decision also would be final.
This is a procedure which seems
admirably suited to the eventual
elimination of interunion strife, since
it could we'll be extended to other
types of controversies if it proves
satisfactory in the case of jurisdic-
tional disputes. But, with respect to
the latter, there is one aspect of the
agreement which may cause trouble.
1t has been intimated that the
agreement contemplates only the ar
filtration of disputes in plants where
neither side has had a contract. But
under these conditions the case
normally would go to the National
Labor Relations Board, which would
order an election to determine
which union should be designated as
the bargaining representative. In
any ordinary sense of the term, such
a controversy is not a jurisdictional
dispute, and if it is intended to re-
strict the application of the agree
ment to open territory" it's useful
ness will be sharply limited.
Until the contrary is shown, how
ever, 1t should be assumed that there
are no concealed reservations on
either side, and that both the AFL
and the CLIO sincerely want to do
away with the harassing problem of
jurisdictional rows.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-01-24
Ii Should Be Tried

A regulation designed to prevent
pedestrians from crossing street e.
cept at croSSWalk would have def
mite educational value although its
effectiveness in actually cutting down
pedestrian fatalities would have to be
demonstrated.
A regulation, with the modifca-
tions recommended yesterday by the
Commissioners Advisory Council,
would be aimed at the principal
cause of pedestrian fatalities. If en-
forced as thoroughly as it could be,
there Is no doubt that it would have
the effect eventually of teaching
pedestrians that the safest place to
cross a street is the crossWalk.
A new objection to the regulation
was raised yesterday in the conten-
ton that regulation already exists
against crossing the street in a
hazardous" or reckless" manner
and that this regulation should be
enforced. But what is needed is a
simple regulation to require people
to cross at crosswalk; not a regu-
Iation that depends for its effective
ness upon a policeman's ability to
prove In court that pedestrian was
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-01-24
Sweden and War

From the Providence (R. - Evening Bulletin
1t is symptomatic of the changed war
situation that Premier Per Albin Hans
son went before the Swedish Parliament
early this week and fatty declared that
his country would resist to the bitter
end If invaded.
This statement. strongly suggesting
that neutral Sweden is beginning to
fear that its uneasy peace may be broken
at any moment, was obviously intended
for more than Swedish ears. 1t was
meant to serve as an implied warning
to some one outside the country and the
facts of geography, plus the present mill
tary trend, indicate pretty clearly who
that some one is.
1t is not Soalin or the Red Army, for
the Russians do not have TO touch
Sweden to keep driving westward against
the Wehrmacht. Nor is it Churchill or
Roosevelt or our Anglo-AmeriCan forces,
for it seems highly unlikely that there
will be any surprise ea-borne expedition
from the British Isles directly to Swedish
territory. Who is 1t, then, If 1t Is not
Hitler7
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-01-24

out and to them as to the more favored
He brought His gracious and healing
ministry. The Kingdom He came to
establish in the earth was to know
neither geographical nor racial bounda-
ries. How far the church, the exponent
of His teachings, has departed from this
ideal! Dismembered and broken into
fragmentary groups, it has created con-
fusion and built walls of division, thus
retarding the high purpose He designed
for it. What urgent need for getting ac-
quainted we find herel Getting &C
quainted will cut through the barriers of
proud isolation and arrogant sectarian-
ism. 1t will reckon with major princi-
pies and give less heed to minor diff.
ferenceS
This applies to every phase of life:
it has to do, and do vitality, with what
must determine the basis of world peace
and order. We have found that pacts
and treaties are wholly inadequate. Some
IS nations entered into solemn agree
ment to abolish war, and what came of
1t? Nothing. There could be no unity of
action until more intimate relations, bet
ter understandings were secured. Take
our relationship with China as an ex-
ample. We had respect for this ancient
people but We were little acquainted
with their traditions, their ways, their
aspirations and their fine moral worth.
We have come to realize, at great cost,
that China's peace concerns our peace,
China's security our security.
Isolation and the sense of insularity
have had a terrible shock these late
years. Christianity as Christ interpreted
it was designed to accomplish what Will
liam James called "the blessed commun-
ity," condition of life where through a.
finer understanding and mutual con-
fidence We should get better acquainted
with our neighbors throughout the
world. First, let us endeavor to begin to
get better acquainted with our near
neighbors here at home Let those who
fervently pray for peace relearn the deep
meaning of Christs word: Thou shalt
love thy neighbor as myself" and
practice it. This is primary In any con-
sideration of an orderly and peaceful
world.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-01-24
No Finer CHAPTER

Their relief by the Army on
Guadalcanal brings to a close as
glorious a chapter as ever written in
the history of the United States
Marines. They landed there on
August 7, eight months after Pearl
Harbor. They took the almost finished
airfeld-known now as Henderson
Field-aWay from the japanese and
thirteen days later completed it.
Occupying an area not much more
than six by three miles on an island
that is about ninety miles long and
thirty miles wide, they set a new
record in modern warfare for sus-
tanned combat duty without relief.
For a time they carried on without
support from air or sea and lived on
food captured from the enemy or set
adrift on buoys or f1oated down to
them in parachutes. They never
gave up. And fighting in steamy
jungles, living in the mud unsheltered
from the rain, they licked a ruthless,
determined foe at his own game and
he stayed licked.
The Army began landing troops
about mid-October. 1t was not until
last week, however, that the Army
took over and the Marines withdrew
From reports here now, the situation
on Guadalcanal is we'll in hand and
so it should remain. Some months
ago the President cautioned the peo-
pie that Guadalcanal was merely one
battle in far-fung war, and that
we should not give it an undue en-
phasis, out of keeping with the i'm
mensity of the war as a whole. But
to our citizens, Guadalcanal will
always have a meaning of its own.
For there, it seemed, was the turning
point. There was when we went on
the offensive and began taking some
thing from the Japs instead of giving
something up. Guadalcanal may
only be battle in a long war and it
is battle not yet finished in war
that is not yet won. But its name
will always stir pride in the hearts of
Americans for its association with
the Marines.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-01-24
Food for War

Herbert Hoover's discussion Of the
wartime food outlook serves the
useful purpose of rounding up the
basic factors underlying this sadly
neglected problem. The former
President, whose observations on the
food question are based on an ex-
perience which commands respect,
threw little new light on this matter.
But he did point out the primary
causes of the trouble and offered
certain suggestions for improvement
which merit careful consideration.
A great many people in the Roose-
welt administration have been saying
that food will win the war. But
there has been little evidence of a
disposition to treat food and food
production as an essential part of
the military establishment.
AS Mr. Hoover and others have
pointed out, some 100000 agricul-
tural workers have been drawn away
from the farms, about half of them
wages are high, and the balance
into the armed services. The armed
services also have taken men from
war industries, but the administra-
ton has tried hard to make up this
loss. No comparable effort has been
made to restore the farm labor force
and, in fact, the Government has
given positive encouragement to the
trend away from the farms by sup
porting the drive for higher wages
in industry.
Our food prospects also have been
injured by the rs per cent reduction
in the manufacture of farm ma
chinery. In many instances, given
adequate machinery, farmers can
overcome the loss of manual help.
But when deprived of both labor and
machinery, they have no alternative
but to produce less Recently there
have been indications of an aware
ness that mistake was made in
cutting SO deeply into the farm ma
chinery supply, but it is doubtful
that remedial action now can be of
much help in 1913.
A third restrictive factor discussed
by Mr.. Hoover has to do with the
methods of food price control. He
proposes specific alternatives to the
present methods which, while they
may be debatable, certainly deserve
thoughtful consideration.
In final analysis, however, the i'm
perative need is for official recogni-
ton of the fact that food is war
weapon, just as much as airplanes,
guns and tanks. If this view of the
matter were to be adopted, it. would
then become possible to take a posi-
tive instead of negative approach
to the problems threatening our
agricultural production. These can
not be solved by slogans or half
measures. The need is for plan of
action based on full realization of
the fact that food is a vital war
weapon,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-01-24
GETTING ACQUAINTED
By the Right ReU. JAMES E. FREEMAN, D. IL D., c.
Bishop of Washington.

A distinguished Englishman has writ
ten an appealing article entitled Meet
the Real Englishman" He says this:
Our two countries are in this mess to-
gether and we shall clean it up together,
whether we get on each others nerves or
not" He then goes on to suggest that
the casual visits our two peoples have
made as tourists do little to make us
understand each other or to strengthen
our relations. 1t is this lack of mutual
understanding that frequently creates
friction and misunderstanding. We
have had striking examples of it in re-
cent months. We are advocating, and
wisely, good neighbor policy" for the
peoples of the Americas, and it is a
statesmanlike move. Differences in
speech and custom do not affect such a
policy, nor should they. Some one has
suggested that if all the peoples of the
world spoke one tongue, it would do more
to effect universal peace than any policy
we might adopt.
During recent years a widely-ouoted
S0AANNAtNS iAdo Sdi4IcO ldNOT. II
the 18th century made the world a
neighborhood, the Goth must make it a
brotherhood" AS yet we have not ap-
proximated this ideal. We are not
sufficiently acquainted Race and other
barriers have rendered it impossible.
Even within the confines of our own
country there are too many evidences of
this Recent years have witnessed
dangerous tendencies that, unrestrained
might provoke serious breaches in our
corporate life. We have felt here reper-
cuSSions of the evil race hatreds that
have marked the course of Germany and
other peoples of the Old World. Too
much anti-mindedness has affected the
even tenor of our judgments. The Great
Master set forth as one of the basic
principles of right human relations:
Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thy
self" He put it second in His summary
OF the law. First, love of God then love
OF ones neighbor-the two basic laws of
life. He greatly shocked the people of
His time by His fellowship with classes
that were held in contempt by His own
race. "Publcans and sinners" He sought
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-01-24
Britannica Gift

The presentation of the Encyclo-
paedia Britannica to the University
of Chicago by Sears, Roebuck and
Company is an event of very consid-
cradle Importance. 1t means that
the greatest of all common reference
works hereafter will be sponsored by
an American university abundantly
qualified to direct such a significant
cultural activity. In order to appre-
ciate this development fully it is
necessary to know the traditions
which are involved in it.
Beginning at Edinburgh, Scotland,
In 1853, the Britannica at first con-
sisted of three volumes containing
altogether 2,670 pages of text relating
to the different sciences and arts
- digeSted into distinct treatiseS
or systems" of which there were as
with cross headings, the longest
baing a monograph on Surgery"
Colin Macfarquhar, "a person Of eX-
cellent taste and very general knowl-
fNCe, WdS VIC III OF ShltO-. 41Ao III III
cipal partner was Andrew Bell,
celebrated engraver on copper. The
second edition, started in TIT and
issued in numbers up to 1884, formed
ten volumes, 1896 pages, $40 plates.
How arduous was the task of COM
pilation and editing may be guessed
from the fact that Mr.. Macfarquhar
died in his forty-eighth year, worn
mt by fatigue and anxiety of mind"
ue had carried the third edition to
the word Mysteries" and it was
fnished under the supervision of
George Gleig of Stirling, who subse-
ouently became Bishop Of Brechin.
later editors included: DR., James
wiIIar Macvey Napier, Charles Mac
loren DR.. Thomas Steward Trail,
Thon1as Spencer Baynes, w. Robert
con smith, Sir Donald Mackenzie
wallace President Arthur T. Hadley
- vale Hugh Chisholm, Franklin II.
uooner J. L. Garvin and Walker
wet The contributors have repre-
-anted the best intelligence of the
cast century. Among the most
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-01-24

notably famous authors collaborat-
ing in the enterprise have been Sir
Walter Scott, Lord Macaulay, Charles
Kingsley, Thomas De Quincy, Sir
John Herschel, Lord Cecil. Marshal
Foch, Elihu Root, Albert Einstein,
Thomas G. Masaryk and Nine. Curie.
AS an objective, the Britannica
always has had the ideal of being "a
true cross section Of the worlds
knowledge" But, especially now, it
is more than a mere expanded die
tionary. Perhaps its finest value
currently is that of the guidance it
provides for the future. 1t is pro-
lection as well as a fulfillment, and
with the imprimatur of the University
OF Chicago it should continue to be
progressively humane.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-01-24

crossing in a hazardous or reckless
manner. Too often, as Senator Nc
Carran pointed out, the punishment
for that offense is injury or death.
The desirable regulation is to pro-
tect live pedestrians, not to convict
the dead ones,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-01-24

The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to
credited to it or not otherwise credited in this
paper and also the local news published herein.
All rights of publication of special dispatches
herein also are reserved
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-01-24
Member of the Associated Press.

Entered as second-class matter post Office,
Washington, D. c.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-01-24

Editors note: In this column last Sun
day, 1t was stated that President Ruther-
ford B. Hayes won easily" In the cleo
ton of 1875. Actually, he achieved VIC
tory by but single ELECTORAL vote.
Evening star., 1943-10-01
Ndzis Renew U-Boot War
With DeodIier Torpedo

AN EASTERN CANADIAN PORT,
Oct. l P).-German submarines
have returned to the battle CT the
Atlantic with a new type of torpedo
deadly and notwithstanding to
more than 100 survivors of sunken
Allied merchant vessels who were
landed here earlier this week.
They were victims of the first big
Nazi U-boat attack reported IN
! North Atlantic waters for nearly
four months. Included were Ameri-
can, British and Norwegian seamen
and lone stowaWay-an l8-year-
old colored girl whom a boatswaln.
also colored, had hoped to smuggle
into the United States.
The seamen told of stabbing at
tacks by Nazi wolf packs" and of a
pitched battle between the under
sea raiders and Allied naval and
air units that continued for three
days.
This was the same battle in which
! the Canadian destroyer St. CroiX
was lost with 146 of her lehman
crew, and probably the one in which
the U-boats surfaced to slug it out
with long-range Canadian Liberator
bombers.
The survivors included about 40
colored persons from an American
ship. They did not know the total
losses of the convoy and escorts, but
they knew four ships of their con-
voy were sunk and at least one of a
slow convoy preceding theirs.
They saw the st. CroiX, her vitals
torn by torpedo, split in a sudden
binding explosion and carry to the
bottom her crew and the survivors
of other vessels she was picking up
when hit
They said the slow convoy first
ran into the submarine pack on
Sunday, September 19, and that the
battle lasted off and on through
Wednesday.
Evening star., 1943-10-01
Hartman Named to Succeed
StondIey as Envoy to Russia
May Accompany Hull
To Europe for Por|ey
With Allied Ministers

President Roosevelt today NOM
mated w. Averell Hartman of
New York to be Ambassador to
Russia.
Mr.. Hartman, now lease lend ex-
pedlter in London. will succeed Ad-
mlral William H. Standley, who re-
turned from Moscow last week.
Mr.. Hartman, whose appointment
has been rumored for some time. has
been to the Soviet capital several
times in connection with his lease
lend duties and participated in sew
eral of the Roosevelt Churchill con-
terences. With Secretary of State
Hull, he is expected TO represent the
United States at the Forthcoming
three-pOWer conference, which prob
ably will be held either in London or
Moscow preliminary to a projected
Roosevelt Churchill Stain meeting.
Mr. Hartman recently returned to
this country. While his nominal ton
was made public. the resignation of
Admiral Standley has not vet been
announced.
Mr., Hartman, chairman of the
board Of the Union Pacific Railroad,
will be 80 years old in November.
Born to Wealth-he is the son of
E. H, Hartman. railroad builder
the Presidents choice for the Mos
COW position has been prominent in
Washington almost from the be-
ginning of the New Deal.
At l8 he got his first taste of work
as clerk for the Union Pacific,
Evening star., 1943-10-01
BY ]. A. O'LEARY.

Although the order making
preWar fathers subject to the
draft took effect today, the Sen
ate may go on debating into
next week a variety of pending
proposals to slow down or stop
father inductions.
Senator Wheeler, Democrat. of
Montana, author of the bill that
would postpone drafting of prewar
fathers until January /, was ready
to take the floor again today, but
the belief is growing at the Capitol
that if anything passes it will De
one of the substitutes that do not
tie the hands of the draft boards
completely.
Senator Taft, Republican. of
Ohio late yesterday filed an alterna-
tive worked out by a group of Sena-
tors. It's proposals would
Ban occupational deferment of
non-fathers under 80, fill induction
quotas on Nationwide rather than
local board basis and set up six
categories for calling men, starting
with single men who have collateral
dependents.
Fathers would then be taken in
age groups as follows: Those under
Is first, those 25 and 80 next and
finally those between 80 and SO.
The substitute also would author
(See DRAFT, Page A-l8)
Evening star., 1943-10-01
BY JAMES Y. NEWTON.

A greatly increased program
for plane production has been
outlined to the Nations aircraft
manufacturers here this week by
military officials, a program call
ing on them to produce nearly
$40, 100000 worth of airplanes
and related equipment in 1914, it
was learned today.
Aircraft and accessories will COM
prise approximately half of Amer
icas giant .OOO,OOO,OOO munitions
goal for next year. Robert A. Lovett
Assistant Secretary of War for Air
speaking for the Army, told the
manufacturers that more than sc
per cent of the Army's production
in 1914 must be aircraft and its
equipment"
The new program means doubling
this years goal of $4,000 900, 900 fol
airpower. This is a figure, however
that few experts and oncials expect
Evening star., 1943-10-01
Canadian DESTROYER
Lost on Convoy Duty;
146 Sailors Missinu
Former U. S. Vessel
Traded to British
In Ship-Bose Deal
&, the Associated Press.

OTTAWA, Oct. 1.-The Cana
dian destroyer St. Croix has been
torpedoed and sunk on convoy
duty with a loss of 146 men, Navy
Minister Angus Macdonald an
nounced today in a statement
driving home the fact that Ger
man submarines again are prey
ing on the North Atlantic supply
routes.
Mr.. MacDonald's statement gave
no details concerning the loss of
the st, CroiX-one of 50 United
States destroyers turned over 10
Great Britain before Pearl Harbor
in exchange for naval bases-but it
recalled Prime Minister Churchill.
disclosure in his House of Commons
war review recently that an Atlantic
convoy was at that moment under
attack.
Only one member of the St
Croixs crew was rescued. Mr.. Mac
Donald said. She was the fourth
Canadian destroyer lost since the
beginning of the war and the first
of seven former United States YES
sells allotted to Canada to 60 down
Before leaving United States service
she was known as the McCook.
In the absence of detailed infor-
nation it was believed possible that
the ST, CroiX might have been sunk
in the action in which five Liberator
bornbers of the Royal Canadian Air
Force were reported to have en-
gagged six submarines in two days
recently.
Mr. Churchills mention of the
convoy attack in his speech was
followed by German claim that II
destroyers and nine merchant ships
had been sunk from a westbound
convoy-a claim never confirmed by
Allied admissions of shipping losses.