davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1943-01-13

Brig. Gen. Amaro Soares Bitten
court, former military attache of
the Brazilian Embassy, who now is
in Brazil. The assistant Military
Attache of the Brazilian Embassy.
1t. Col. Stenio Caio de Albuquerque
Lima. will receive the decoration
for Gen. Bittencourt as well as one
for himself. The Brazilian officers
have served in Mexico CITY and
officially attended the inauguration
OF the President of Mexico. Gen.
Avila Camacho. Col. Erik de Laval,
counselor of the Swedish Legation
IN charge Of the Rumanian and
Hungarian interests in this country.
who has served in Mexico, will re-
ceive the medal plaque and diploma
OF the Aztec Eagle which also will
be given the Second Secretary of the
Portuguese Legation, DR.. Joao r.
Slmoes Affra. who was in the official
party attending the Mexican Presi-
dents inauguration. The third dip
iomat to receive this Aztec Eagle is
Senor Don Raul Diez de Medina,
financial counselor of the Bolivian
Embassy, who attended the inaugu-
ration IN Mexico City and through
his writings has been helpful in
presenting Mexico. Col. Edgar
Erskine Hume, Medical Corps,
q. 8. A., who has been a member of
the United States Military Mission
to Mexico. will be awarded the deco
ration. OF Military Merit Of Mexico
and DR.. Tomas Cajigas an Aztec
Eagle medal and diploma for his
aid t. Mexicans who need medical
attention and are financially en-
barrassed as we'll as for his medical
skill and devotion to Mexico. DR..
and Mrs. Cajigas have a room in
their house which is a reproduction
Of a Mexican room.
The presentation of these awards
will be followed by a light buffet
supper and the guests probably will
not number more than rs or 100,
The cards from DR.. Rowe and DR..
de Alba are for the late afternoon of
Wednesday, January q, when a
short program will be given at S
O'Clock In commemoration of the
50th anniversary of the death of
James G. Blaine. The late Mr.
Blaine, who was Secretary of State
in the cabinet of President James
A, Garfield as we'll as the cabinet
of President Benjamin Harrison,
was pioneer in working to make
the Monroe doctrine what it was
intended to be, an instrument of
cooperation. The late Mr.. Blaine
revived Pan Americanism which
had been dead since the DAYS of
Henry Clay, and issued invitations
to all independent nations of the
Americas to conference to discuss
arbitration and inaugurate an era
of good will. The invitations were
issued November 2, 1881, and re-
called after the assassination of
President Garfield, and President
Chester A. Arthur selected Mr.. F. T.
Frelinghuysen as his Secretary of
State. Mr.. Blaine's Latin American
policy was dropped for several years
until through his efforts. bill was
introduced in Congress and passed
october 2, 1889, calling a Pan-Amer-
lean Conference. This was held in
Washington the following year and
the conference authorized the estab-
lishment of the International Bureau
of American Republics This name
Evening star., 1943-01-13

Secretary Of the Interior Harold
Ickes has given an auditorium
in the new Department Of
Interior (Which will accommo-
date 5,400 men at a time) so that
servicemen may have free movies
over the weekends. The only
thing that's lacking are the
movies-so now If some good
angel will just step forward with
some movies everything will be
wonderful
Mrs. Railey says that she and
her husband have lived here of
and on since 1882. Mr.. Railey
was first with the RFC and is now
on the Civil Aeronautics Board.
Although she is really a native Of
New York City, where she at
tended Finch School (she was
later graduated from the Dwight
SCHOOL, and lived for time in
Alpine, N. j., Mrs. Railey's family
have distinguished themselves in
the history Of the Nations
Capitol. 1t was an ancestor of
hers Maj. Andrew Ellicott, who
assisted Maj. LEnfant in laying
out plans for the city and who
laid the original cornerstone
for the District of Columbia. Two
years ago at the 150th anniver-
sary of the event at Jones Point,
Alexandria, small Peter Railey
represented the family, being the
seventh great-grandson of Mai.
Ellicott, by laying the corner
stone at the re-enaction of the
ceremony. A grandfather on her
paternal side was Edwin Sweet, a
member Of President Wilson's
little cabinet" and her uncle,
the late A. Mitchell Palmer, was
Attorney General, also under
President Wilson.
Evening star., 1943-01-13
First Party of Year
For Iowa Group
To Be January %

The first party of the year of the
Iowa State Society will be the dance
to be given at the Shoreham Hotel
January %, from 10 o'clock until /.
Representative Ben F. Jensen is
the president of the society and
Mrs. Gertrude Bowman and Mrs.
E. P. Chase are vice presidents.
All Iowans and their friends are
invited to attend. Additional infor-
nation may be obtained from the
secretary of the society, Miss Ger
trude NJ. Louis.
Evening star., 1943-01-13

games. The boys love games,
especially Monopoly and Chinese
checkers, and all the camps are
badly In need Of card-tables."
"And we get them through volun-
tary contributions" Several down.
down stores serve as receiving
stations and so does the Service
mems Club No. at 306 Ninth
street. But II you have any card
Evening star., 1943-01-13

tables or games
t h At y o u
would like to
ntribute to
the m en- you
can Just call
Mrs. r alley
erself at
Michigan 6013,
and she'll tell
you the nearest
receiving sta
ton to which
you may take
them.
The m ovie
part Is q new
enterprise. And
Mrs. r alley
hopes to have
1t in full swing
very soon. 1t
seems ha
Evening star., 1943-01-13
Mexican Envoy and Wife
To Entertain at Embassy
Marks Presentation of Decorations
To Service Officers and Others
Bv Katharine Brooks.

invitations OF more than usual interest were In the mail
Yesterday ncuoed those from the Director and Assistant
Director General OF the
Peo Aa ana those OF the Mexican
Cao Naea Inc popular Ambassador wife will entertain
Monday afternoon giving cepton at tho ras.u ~
decorations to Navy the
Uneo otates as "en as number officials
Inc Will present the highest Mexican
decoraon TO vice Admiral Alfred johnson who is head Of tho
united States con
Maj Gen. Stanley Embick that section similar
Evening star., 1943-01-13
By the Way
Beth Blaine

Before Pearl Harbor Mrs.
Howard Railey led the life of the
averaged young matron whose
most strenuous duties were look
ing after q home and a husband
and two husky little boys. She
loved horseback riding so she
did that occasionally, played
games with her children, and be-
cause she and her husband are
Evening star., 1943-01-13
Will Entertain FRIDAY

Col. Armando Revoredo 1nglesias,
Air Attache at the Peruvian EN-
bassy. will entertain Friday at the
May1ower Hotel from 6 o'clock un-
til 8 in honor of the recently grad
uated Peruvian officers who have
been taking post graduate courses
in aviation in this country.
Evening star., 1943-01-13
Returns to COlle6e

Miss Blanche Poole, who has been
visiting Mrs. Fletcher c. Mann, has
returned to Greensboro, N. c., where
she is junior at the Womens Col
lege of the University of North
Carolina.
Evening star., 1943-01-13
Miss Sanders to Wed
Mr.. Charles A. Maple

Mr.. and Mrs. Samuel B. Sanders
announce the engagement of their
daughter, Miss Charlotte E. Sanders
to Mr.. Charles A. Maple, son of Mr..
and Mrs. John A. Maple, formerly of
Steubenville, Ohio.
The wedding will take place in
Nav
Evening star., 1943-01-13

b o t n y o u n 6
and attractive
had q wide cir
Gle Of friends.
Then came De-
cember 7th and
suddenly Mrs.
Railey became
q young wom-
an Of purpose
ful q c t1vlt t y.
She 5 t a r t e d,
and ran alone,
"Victory Hous-
ing Commit
tee" which
was her idea Of
getting friends
to give rooms
in tn e ir own
house to some
of tn e b usy
Evening star., 1943-01-13
Cancel Reception

Mr.. and Mrs Arthur Clarendon
Smith have cancelled their anniver-
sary reception which was to have
been given Sunday at the Congress
sional Country Club.
Evening star., 1943-01-13
Visits in New York

Mrs. Ernest Davenport is spend
ing the week in New York where
she is attending a course for flower
show exhibitors and judges.
Evening star., 1943-01-13

WoLr T., ~.
Before her recent marriage
Mrs. Wolfe Das Miss Sara
DOdd Silcor. She is the
daughter OF Mrs.. James
Harvey Silicon OF Charleston.
1t. and Mrs. Wolfe 1Dill make
their home in Annapolis.
MEADE Photo, Annapolis, Md.
Evening star., 1943-01-13
Resumes Studies

Miss Betty Beckanstin left yes
terday for Northampton, Mass, to
resume her studies at Smith College.
Evening star., 1943-06-11
BeIIeou Wood

A quarter of a century is a long
time, but there are MANY veterans
who remember Belleau Wood on June
II, 1918, The anniversary, occurring
as it does in the midst of a struggle
OF greater proportions than the First
World War has larger significance.
perhaps, than it might possess in
times of peace.
Small in size relatively, the tract of
forest where American and German
troops joined in their second engage
ment witnessed some of the bitterest
hghtng in modern history. That is
the considered judgment of skilled
military writer's. A glance at the
casualty lists confirms their opinion,
Belleau Wood was occupied by the
Germans in the spring of the fourth
year of the conflict. They used it as
a concentration center for the pro-
posed renewal of their advance west
of Chateau -Thierry. Orders to dis
lodge them were given to the Marine
Corps brigade under General Har-
bord. The initial attack was made on
June 6, and the forest was penetrated
but could not be held. Heavy under
brush masking rugged outcropping
of granite aided the enemy. The
whole area had to be taken by inches.
Evening star., 1943-06-11
Filming the Miners

The decision by Secretary Ickes to
impose fines on striking United Mine
Workers is not another step to polit-
lcal tyranny in America" as John L.
Lewis would have the people believe.
When the Government took over
the mines last month the men went
back to work under the express con-
dltlon that their old contract would
remain in effect pending negotiation
OF a new one. The miners, of course,
accept all of the benefits under that
contract, but the agreement also con-
talns clause providing for a fine of
81 day per man for the duration of
strike. 1t is this clause which Mr..
1ckes is now enforcing as a result of
the second strike early this month,
and which the miners, judging from
the comments of their spokesmen.
want him to ignore.
Yet Mr.. 1ckes, if he is to discharge
his duty as operator of the mines.
cannot ignore the penalty provision,
The expedient course, no doubt,
would have been for him to overlook
the fact that the miners were in
violation of their contract. But this
is something that he could not con-
scientiously do and he is to be COM
mended for his decision. One of the
underlying causes of the labor trou
bles which beset the country is to be
found in the fact that there has been
too much emphasis on expediency in
dealing with these matters, and expe-
rience has shown that expedient tao
tics have a way of coming home to
roost. If Mr.. Ickes' decision to insist
upon the right course, as distin-
gulshed from the expedient course.
presages f1rmer stand on the part
of all Government officials dealing
with labor questions, there will be
fewer disturbances in the future.
Evening star., 1943-06-11
Allied Air Power

Against the background of the
principal lesson which this war has
taught-that inferiority in the air is
the handmaiden of defeat-the grow
ING might of Allied air power must be
rapidly eXtinguishing the last faint
Axis hopes Of victory.
The true significance of air power
Is plainly indicated in reports from
two important combat theaters.
First there is the announcement that
Pantelleria has surrendered. Except
for some ShClhng from naval vessels,
the conquest Of that Italian island
outpost-oncc described as a second
Malta-is exclusively the product of
superior air power. Allied bomber
and fighter units, repeating their
performance IN TuniSia. first broke
through the enemvS air defenSes.
Once this margin Of superiority had
been established, the task of the
defenders became increasingly diff
cult. for the effect of their losses in
the air was compounded by the de-
StructlOn of operating bases and
planes on the ground. Thus, the
meaning of air superiority is that as
our bomberS extend their effective
range. the Axis has to pull its fighters
back to safer bases. This leaves the
once-Contested ground area under
the domination of our planes, and as
was the case with Panteleria, it
becomes helpless to defend itself
against the pounding bombs In
these circumstances, the islands gar
rison elected to surrender as the
alternative to a form of punishment
that was more than they could
endure
The second announcement bearing
on the meaning of air superiority is
that made in London by Major
General Ira C. Eaker, commanding
the United States Eighth Air Force
General Eaker said that the Eighth
Air Force had doubled since March,
and that it would be twice as big
again by October.
This does not mean that we can
look for an early duplication of
Tunisia and Pantelleria in the case
Of continental Europe. But it does
mean that the margin of Allied
superiority in the air over the con-
tinent is going to increase, swiftly
and inevitably United States planes,
according to General Eaker, have
been shooting down four enemy
planes for every one of our own
that is lost In May this ratio rose
to five to one. The percentage of
our losses in daylight bombings, he
said, has been something under
per cent. But, since experience
shows that the curve of losses goes
Evening star., 1943-06-11
Enemies From Within

AS Secretary Stimson said yester-
day, any attempt to destroy the repu-
tation of the WAACS is IAN actual
aid to the enemy" and can do us
harm. The same thing is true of
other slurS on the character of the
men and women who wear the
Nations uniform. But while it might
be of some comfort to believe that
sinister gossip of the sort is inspired
only by Axis propagandists, it would
be hard to believe it. The truth of
the matter is that it is spread by
persons who consider themselves
patriotic citizens, but who find pleas
ure In passing on some scandalous
story without verifying the facts or
weighing the consequences of what
they are doing.
Rumors about the WAACS have
taken all sorts of fantastic shapes.
but no more fantastic than rumors
about the WAVES, or rumors about
the soldiers and officers, or rumors
about the Negroes. The WAACS have
been victims of a peculiarly vicious
type of rumor which, in one form or
another, has been passed around the
country since the organization of the
corps. Some of the stories may have
been conjured up by evil minds, but
they have been seized on avidly
enough by otherwise respectable
people who have been willing enough
to pass them along. And until our
people cultivate the state of mind
which resists rumor by demanding
proof and which really resents the
rumor monger, we shall continue to
be harassed by his activities.
The best antidote for poisonous
rumors concerning the WAACS is the
type of story by John Lardner,
printed in yesterdays Star, which
factually reported the fine and neces-
sary work they did in North Africa in
releasing able-bodied men for COM
bat service. They are cross-section
OF American womanhood, carefully
selected from volunteers, trained and
taught to do useful part in fighting
the war, and from all accounts thew
are doing it well.
Evening star., 1943-06-11

"concombre" Cow is not a French
synonym for "vache'
Your learned columnist saws that
many years ago cucumbers were not
considered suitable for. human food ;"
good many years ago! Vergil 90 B.CD
wrote of "cocumis' as an article of food
and it was in the English dietary in the
time Of Edward III 1327-77 We find
"cucumber' lsic) in Numbers xi.5 and
Isaiah i8
HOWARD PITCHER OKIE.
To the Editor of The Star:
In Mr.. Haskins column in The Star
of May 25, it is stated that cucumbers
were originally called "cowcumbers, be-
cause they were fed to COWS, the word
being later changed to "cucumbers" be-
cause people "eisliked the idea of eating
COW food"
This explanation is purely fanciful,
like the attempt to derive "asparagus"
from sparrowgrass" AS a matter of
fact, the word cucumber is derived
from the Latin word "cucumis''-"cu-
cumeris' in the genitive The French
word "concombre' is from the same Latin
word, the initial "cu-" apparently having
been confused with the prefix CON"
The "b' Is parasitical like the %" of
number from the Latin "numerus. >"
1t is therefore evident that the word
cucumber" could not by any possibility
have been compounded from the Eng
lish word COW
Cucumbers undoubtedly were eaten
before the dawn of history. In the
Bible Numbers xi5O the Israelites, COM
pairing unfavorably the food they re-
ceived in the desert with that on which
they previously had subsisted, are report
ed as saying to Moses: I'VE remember
the fish, which we did eat in Egypt free
ly; the cucumbers. and the melons, and
the leeks, and the onions, and the
garlick.' And the prophet Isaiah speak
ing in more poetic vein, says (Chapter
j, verse 81: "And the daughter of Zion is
left as a cottage in a vineyard, as a lodge
in garden of cucumbers, as besieged
city" CHARLES H. PROBERT.
Evening star., 1943-06-11
Petition for Justice

In presenting to the House yeSter-
day the petition of Washington citi-
zens for the right of representation
in their National Government (repro-
duced elsewhere in todayS Starr,
Representative Summers of Texas,
author of the joint resolution for a
constitutional amendment empower
ing Congress to extend that right,
summed up in a few words the fol-
lowing facts about his amendment:
l see no good objection to this pro-
posed constitutional amendment from
any angle To the people who feel that
the Federal Government should never
surrender the power to govern the Dis
triCt of Columbia this proposed amend
ment should not be objectionable, Tor
there is no surrender of that power pro-
posed. If the amendment should be
adopted and Congress should act under
the grant Of power conferred, Congress
would retain the power to modlfy or
even repeal the whole thing if the gov
ernmental arrangement lnaugurated
should not work. This proposed amend
ment will be merely an enabling pro-
vision granting power TO the Congress to
give to the American cICZenS living IN the
District of Columbia such rights TO par
ticipate in the National Government rs
IN the judgment Of Congress would not
interfere with the Federal interest.
We are fighting this war to pre-
serve. with other things, the principle
that Governments derive their Just
powers from the consent of the
governed" Washington men are
fighting with the armed forces on
fronts all over the world But they
are the only Americans in uniform
denied the full rights of American
citizenship, and this denial springs
from the accidental fact of their
birth or residence in the Capital of
the United States.
AS Mr.. Summers points out. the
restoration to Washingtonians Of the
hirthright Of every American would
involve no loss, to Congress, of its
exclusive control over the seat of
Government. That control, it would
seem. would be made more secure,
rather than weakened, if the Gov
ernment which exercises it practiced
here at home what it breaches
abroad Continued failure to admit
to full citizenship the Americans who
live in the Nations Capital is a
cloud on our title to the claim of
being free democracy. 1t should
be removed
Evening star., 1943-06-11
UItimutum

Strange hour: These silent spires OF
pines, blue black and still,
Whose uery silence emphasizes i'm
minence of night:
A solitary haWk in final graceful
tracery OF air;
This monStrOus peace OF mountains
in chill euening light.
All this might be a painted Dorld
done in cold tones,
In1naoblle in its calm in1mensitu, a
1Uorld apart,
Where no sound penetrates the
drmored hush
Saue the loud insistent beat of
frightened heart.
For here is couched the final lone
illness OF man
Confronted 1Dith earth's cold, un-
answering face;
Perplered and terrified upon this
Uerge OF uoid,
This barren fusion of dark time
and endless space. -,
FREDERICK EBRlGHT.
Evening star., 1943-06-11

Most OF the forest, however, was in
American hands by the close of the
fifth day. General Degoutte, COM
manding the Sixth Army, announced
on June 80 that "henceforth, in all
official papers, the Bois de Belleau
shall be named 'Bois de la Brigade de
Marine.'"
After the armistice steps promptly
were taken to acquire the site of the
battle as "a permanent memorial to
the United States officers and men
who lost their lives there" A beau
tiful Romanesque tower was built to
adorn the cemetery in which many of
the heroic dead are at rest. The lines
of crosses stretch far on either side.
Sons and brothers, with abundant
cause, have taken up the quarrel with
the foe. Once more Americans stand
between civilization and a ruthless
tyranny. The end, providentially,
will be victory more lasting than
that at Belleau Wood, but achieved
in the same valiant spirit.
Evening star., 1943-06-11

down as the strength Of the partici-
pating force rises, we may look for
ward to both a relative and an abso-
lutte increase in our air strength in
the European theater.
General Eaker and his associates
are confident that within a year the
growing Allied air forces can destroy
the enemy's will to fight and his
means of fighting. This may or may
not be the case, but one thing seems
certain: The fight for air superiority
is rapidly being won by the Allies.
The weapon with which the Axis
nations hoped to win the war has
been wrested from them, and hence
forth they will be the ones to shudder
under the destructive weight of its
ever-increasing power.
Evening star., 1943-06-11
Ma ajority Will Asserted
Against Minority Wish.

To the Editor of The Star:
Many years ago America made reply to
certain pirates over in Africa. That re-
ply, as I recall, was Millions for defense,
not one cent for tribute
Now, as we watch what is going on here
at home, while men are daring and dying
to prevent another triumvirate of bucca-
neers from showing the cor else" down
our throats, that brave slogan is begin
ming to take on a drabness which leaves
those who are doing the dying with
nothing much save personal glory,
unless, as most of us still believe, there is
something so fundamentally right about
democracy, something so basically sound
and strong that it can and will erase the
stains.
No single group anywhere has legal or
moral right to defy the expressed will of
all Of us to see this global war through to
victorious end. There comes a time,
even in a democracy, when patience
ceases to be a virtue.
NOT v1ND1CTIvE.