davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1943-05-30

probably is carrying on his mathemati-
cal researches.
Even with the show of light-hearted-
ness sometimes put up by the starving
people. life everywhere in Belgium is
terribly grim. The latest reports brought
here are that between 5000 and 1000
civilians are being arrested month.
This does not include the forced labor
drafts to Germany. They are arrested
for political offenses, chiefly acts of sa-
botage and association with subterranean
publications, of which there are great
number.
But the shots of the firing squads no
longer echo at dawn over the lonely drill
grounds at Beverloo, just outside Ant
Werp, where most executions took place
in the last war. Those condemned to
death usually are taken to Germany.
Gestapo agents-Von Falkenhausen's
men are not accused of any of these
atrocities - have many psychological
tricks to break the nerves of their victims
and force confessions. One is to place a
man in an automobile with a big, snarl-
ing German police dog in the back seat
and tell him that he is being taken out
into the country to be shot. The car
stops in country lane and the man is
told to get out and walk forward. The
dog goes behind him. No shot rings out.
Panic-stricken, he tries to run. The dog
runs, too. The animal never attacks the
man, just stays snarling at his heels.
German psych biologists have trained many
such dogs.
Another favorite is to force a man to
kneel on chair, his face to the back,
Evening star., 1943-05-30

Brussels, she says, "is a city of ter
rible emptiness and great WearlneSs."
After Paris was blacked out at the
the city of light" of Western Europe
Hotels Taken Over.
The ma ajority of those one sees in the
streets are Germans-soldiers, admins
traitors, girl clerks and telephone opera
tors, refugees from Cologne. They have
taken over all the leading hotels. The
Palace Hotel is now occupied by their
passport and billeting officers. The At
lanta and Metropole are filled with mill
tary offices. The ornate Palace Apart
ments, before the war about the most
elaborate and expensive in Europe, have
been taken over by the LuftWaffe. Goer-
ing stayed there on his last visit Hun
dreds of the best private homes have
been requisitioned
On the general theme of residential
facilities, one may digresS somewhat
grimly on the Brussels Jail. 1t was one
of the great prides of the city before
the war. Citizens took visitors to see it
and gazed with awe at its towering walls
1t was, they boasted, the most comfort
able and luxurious Jail in the world. de-
spite the claims made by some upstart
American institutions.
Come to Brussels to 60 to Jail" was
the slogan. One criticism was that
good many did. The Jail was designed for
Of -
packed with 5000. 1t has become an
evil-smelling hell-hole, the refugees say.
The University of Brussels was closed
few months ago but practically all the
students have been able to continue their
courses through the hospitality of Lou
vain. about 20 miles away, one of the
largest universities of Europe and world
center of Catholic learning Louvain
still operates with relatively little restric-
ton although its magnificent library. re-
built after the last war with American
money, was destroyed early in the war
Its present status, say the refugees, is
largely due to the fight made by its
we'll prove the successor of Cardinal
MERCER in the final picture of this war.
After the German invasion he declared
the precincts of the university papal
territory and defied the invaders to risk
the wrath of Rome by intruding on them
This seems to have impressed Won Fall
kenhausen and after a few gestures he
has let Louvain alone.
But it seems a few years ago the fac
ulty of Louvain had issued a scientific
report condemning NaZi racial theories.
This was signed by the most eminent
scientists of the faculty-among them
Father Georges Lemaitre, we'll known
in Washington where he was visiting
professor at the Catholic University of
America a few winters ago and research
associate of the Carnegie Institution of
Washington. Father Lemaitre is one of
the greatest mathematical astronomers
in the world and the best known man on
the Louvain faculty
In some way-the fugitives do not un-
derstand exactly how the Germans have
prevailed on the rector-he has been
forbidden to teach and forced to live in
the strictest retirement. But the Nazis
have never laid hands on him and he
Evening star., 1943-05-30

over high wall upon the roofs and
chlmneys of the center of Brussels.
There in seclusion sits the apparent evil
genius of the country-Otto Hammer
stein, head of the Gestapo. Hammer
stein himself is an almost unknown man.
He never appears in public. Some Bel
glans picture him as an incarnation of
Satan. There will be no Wreaths for
kammersteln's grave when relatives of
HIS victims have the satisfaction of
shooting him. Supposedly relations be-
tween this fellow, elevated out of the
drugs of Nazi gangdom, and the uni
versity educated, widely Travelled man.
of-the-world, Won Falkenhausen, are
very strained
Belgian leaders are not sure, however,
that Kammerstein is not just whip
ping boy" Some of the explosions of
the German military over his outrages,
haven't quite true ring.
A Well-Placed Bomb.
The duchess tells, for example, the
following story. About a month ago
hAoiiiiiiel oIeIl headquarters were
bombed from the air, four or five of his
agents killed, and several others injured.
The bomb was dropped in broad day
light by Belgian airman from Eng
land. 1t fell with deadly precision. Not
another house in the Avenue Louise was
damaged, for the bomber knew the
neighborhood very precisely.
Belgians on the street displayed their
jubilation while the scared Germans
were running about. The Gestapo
agents, of course, were furious Gen. De
Donier, celebrated Belgian soldier of the
last war, was caught laughing. He was
beaten and then forced to clean toilets
for week. A small daughter of Prince
de Marode was beaten with the "Gott
NIT uns' buckle of German belt An
elderly priest was forced to lie over a
table and was beaten into unconscious
ness. One woman was dragged by the
hair along the street and then forced to
strip naked in public. Many others
were beaten up There were pools of
blood under the leafing chestnuts of the
lovely avenue.
protesting delegation called on Won
Falkenhausen. He was not available,
but they were admitted to his second in
command, the general in charge OF the
Brussels district.
"1t's beastly outrage" this man told
Evening star., 1943-05-30

enhausen orders acts of atrocity and
then tries to escape responsibility for
them by damning, and pretending to
punish the perpetrators.
In little Belgian Office here the other
day were gathered three persons who
have come to London in the last few
weeks. One was a duchess. She is a
kindly, slsterly woman who, up to the
time of her escape, took leading role in
relief activities. Her heart is nearly
broken by some of the suffering she has
witnessed.
Won Falkenhausen" she said with
considerable feeling, is by far the best
of bad lot"
Another was a duke, of different
family. He escaped under sentence of
death
Il think he said. that We owe it to
the general to put wreath on his grave
after We shoot him.
The third was horny-handed fore
man In an electrical appliance factory,
notable saboteur. who escaped by
dropping over a 40-foot wall a few hours
before he was due to face the firing
squad.
Won Falkenhausen," he said emphati-
cally, is the devil"
A WorlImanlike Job
The general used to pretend to be a.
friend to England, declaring to his asso-
ciates that democracy there was only
pretense and that the empire really
was quite sensibly governed "by the ad-
mlrals, the lords and the bankers"
But, whatever he may think of his
masters, and sometimes he has been a
little too outspoken in his criticism of
Nazi methods to be credited with sim
cerlty he does workmanlike Job while
ne awaits better day. For three years
he has been installed in the former home
OF the Ministry of Colonies in the Place
Royale, beside the church of ST. JACQUES,
place of worship of the Belgian royal
family, where are inferred several Of the
DE Lannoy' family, some of whose
armored knights followed Godfrey to
Jerusalem. Centuries later some of them
came to America. The name became
Angllcized to "Delano,' and represents
the maternal line of President Roose-
welt.
But Won FalkenhauSen's biggest pain
in the neck, say the escaped Belgians, is
few blocks away in the. chestnut
shaded, Avenue Louise from whose end
IN the Place de Justice one looks down
Evening star., 1943-05-30
South America, Seeking Goods,
Told All Must Tighten Belts
Export Division Chief Lays Cards on Table
in Frank Discussions of Available
Supplies and Needs for War
By John Lloyd,
Associated Press Writer.

.BOGOTA, Colombia There was no
mincing of words when Hector Lazo,
chief of the Exports Division of the Bu-
reau OF Economic Warfare, took up face
TO lace with Latin Americans their coEN-
plants that not enough needed mate
rlals are arriving from the United States
Lazo, who made the swing down the
west coast of South America with Vice
President Henry A. Wallace did not at
tempt to dress up phrases. He said every
thing possible would be done but that
direct war needs came first and he could
make no immediate promises.
He advised Latin Americans. in short,
to tighten their belts He told them
something of the sacrifices the United
States is making to win the war
The talking was done in Spanish that
could not be mistaken. Lazo came orig
lnally from Guatemala and his Spanish
and English are equally effective.
There were no expressions of indlgna-
ton or resentment after he talked to
Latin American businessmen, bankers,
industrialists, miners and farmers There
were frequent guarded comments such
as very interesting' but there were no
explosions.
Time to Tighten Belts.
II think the best thing to do is hit the
nail On the head Lazo said. There is
no use beating around the bush or rails
ing false hopes. People down here will
have to understand that it is time to
tighten belts and quit complaining"
Lazo faced questioning in seven coun-
tries during the Wallace tour and his
answers followed a single theme: That
all requests would be carefully studied
that everything would be done to fill the
requests in the order of their Importance
that direct war needs came first and that
the prospects of an immediate siZable in
crease in deliveries in general were slim,
to put it mildly.
Requests from Latin America touch on
everything from foods through ma
chinery and ncWsprlnt to heavy metals
Lazo was the first to admit that a large
percentage of them are justified and
that many Of them are urgent But in
the degree of urgency he held nothing
ahead of fighting needs.
LaZoS words were not all bitter pill
He talked about victory and eXpounded
ideas Of agricultural and industrial pos
sibillties in Latin America that left
happy faces.
Some of the problems Latin America
is facing are really stiff. For instance,
in San Jose, capital of Costa Rica. the
supply of wheat flour gave out and the
city was without bread for weeks. High
prices paid in rents and for available
food supplies by Americans who have
come in for special wartime work have
Evening star., 1943-05-30

captain to tell me about one flight in
which they had almost come down in
the English Channel he looked very en-
barrasSed and proceeded to give all the
credit to the enlisted men of the crew.
The men passed the bouquets right back
to the officers.
But somebody must have done some
thing I insisted
The captain shook his head There
aren't any heroes in a bomber You
see, we're like a football team. We all
work together'
1t was not until few days later, when
I saw that same crew take off on an
operational flight, that I began to un-
derstand what this teamwork means.
They were informed late one after
noon that they would 90 over the con-
tlnent in the morning if the weather
permitted. A couple Of the boys grunted
in pleased sort of way, but nobody
appeared particularly excited They did
Saunter out in body, however, to watch
the ground men who were loading bombs
into their Fortress, turning the engines
and testing the guns. Like most flyers,
they were on the friendllest terms with
the mechanics and armorers who serv-
iced their ship. The ground men, in
turn, considered themselves part of the
team-as indeed, they are.
Remembering some of the binges of
alrmen Of the last war, I rather expected
some kind of party that night, but no
Evening star., 1943-05-30
By Thomas X. Henry.

This is the fourth in series OF
articles on conditions and personal
tiles in the countries occupied BY
Germanyj
Evening star., 1943-05-30

Week after week the tempo of our
aerial offensive against Europe is grow
ing in fury. A few months ago it was
big news when single squadron of
Flying FOrtreSSeS or LiberatOrS rained
destruction upon German cities or other
Axis strongholds on tiie continent To-
day headlines speak casually of 100
Fort raids, and We may feel certain
that the magnitude Of the onslaught
will increase steadily from now until
the day of victory.
All this represents miracles of pro-
ouctlon and planning, but, in the end,
our bombing offensive against Nazism
depenOS upon a comparative handful of
boyS-the young men between 10 and
25 who actually deliver the goods. All
our other efforts would mean nothing
but for the daring and fortitude of these
youngsters Of the Air Forces.
Crack Crews.
They are amazing kids. During recent
weeks l have made the acquaintance of
scores of them at our bomber stations
in the British Isles I have watched
them take off fully loaded for the con-
tinent and return with empty bomb
racks and bullet holes in their wings.
1 have observed how they behave at
work and on leave and in hospitals.
They are new breed, these aerial SOL
Glers of ours, the flower of a flying
generation.
This was impressed upon me. along
with many other things, by the very
Evening star., 1943-05-30

Continued on Page B-4. Column g.
Evening star., 1943-05-30
UNHAPPY Won FALKNAUsN 0UTWTTED BY BEGIANs HE RULES
e0Ab%otoiH IhruahSma
ugh Smart Moneuver in Which Leopold Participates

Brussels, she says, "is a city of ter
rible emptiness and great WEAKNESS"
After Paris was blacked out at the
start of the war it was, for few months,
the city of light" of Western Europe.
Evening star., 1943-11-14
THE SUNDAY STAR, November IA, 1s4s
Roosevelt Still Would Observe
December 7 as Day Of Silence

datory in any way, but simply trans.
mits q congressional request.
O1icials let 1t be known that the
Once Of War Information had re.
Gently inquired whether the Presi.
dent wanted December 7 observed
In any way, and the owl was
promptly told Mr.. Roosevelt stu
felt as he did on November 20, 1s42,
when he issued formal statement
saying:
THE President will not deliver an
address on December 7 nor take ON.
cial notice Of that anniversary. The
President does not feel that this
attitude on the part Of the Govern
ment need interfere with the carry
ing out Of programs already ar.
ranged under private auspices.
But insofar as notice Of December
7 by the President is concerned, he
feels that 1t should be observed as
a day Of silence in remembrance Of
q great infamy."
Evening star., 1943-11-14

group, 80 received the drug less than
90 days and he added that notice.
able improvement was observed as
early as 60 days.
For example, there were - pa
tients with tuberculosis OF the lungs,
nine "minimal" or least serious
cases, AZ moderately advanced
cases and 21 far advanced ones.
Some have received the drug for
go days, some for 90 days and 9TH
ers for l20 days or more.
Improvement Marked.
"An analysis OF the therapeutic
results shows 100 per cent improve
ment in all the minimal cases." DR..
Peter reported.
Marked improvement was re-
corded in one-third of the 60-day
group, one-half of the 90-day and
three-fourths of the 120-day group.
Moderate improvement was re-
corded in the remainder.
Many of the patients in our
group have not had bed rest or
strict rest cure along with their
chemotherapy."
Some patients suffered nausea
and headache, lowering of the red
count and hemoglobin content Of
the blood and blueness of the skin
and a few had to discontinue the
drug because of intolerance.
However, six patients who had
gastric disturbances had complete
relief when 1t was taken in coated
capsules and several resumed taking
the drug after a rest without any
recurrence of toxic effects.
Others Less Satisfactory.
DR.. Peter said the sanatorium
had previously used other sulfones,
but discontinued them because they
seemed more toxic than diasone.
The two outstanding developments
in the treatment of tuberculosis
were sanatorium management and
the use of thoracic surgery dung
collapse) starting after the World
War
I'VE feel that the sulfone COM
pounds. which have been studied
clinically, are definitely step ahead
in tuberculosis therapy, probably
ranking with the advent OF the san
Evening star., 1943-11-14
French Group Voices
Confidence in Giroud

BY the Associated Press.
ALGIERS, Nov. 13.-The French
Committee of National Liberation
expressed confidence today in the
military leadership of Gen. Henri
Giraud and observed that the de-
velopment of the military situation
had led Gen. Giraud ito assume ef-
fective command of French forces in
operation"
Gen. Giraud resigned several days
ago as co-president of the commit
tee but remained as commander In
chief of Frances fighting forces. In
its resolution of appreciation to Gen.
Giraud the committee recalled that
his resignation was made under
terms of Article 4 of a decree of
October 2, which provided that the
military commander should cease
to act as co-president and a mem
ber of the committee whenever he
went into the field.
The committee evaded action to-
day on the addition of Communist
Evening star., 1943-11-14
Montgomery Churches
Set Thanksgiving Rites

Six Montgomery County churches
will hold their annual union Thanks
giving service at pm. November
"a at the Woodside Methodist
Church, 1914 Georgia avenue, Silver
Spring. The Rev. J. Wesley Lofts
pastor Of the Silver Spring Baptist
Church, will preach.
Churches cooperating in the SER
vice are the Silver Spring Baptist
Church OF the Ascension Episcopal
Grace Episcopal. Marvin Memorial
Methodist, Woodside Methodist and
St. Luke's Lutheran,
Evening star., 1943-11-14
Ey the Associated press

Ey the Associated Press.
President Roosevelt still feels the
Government should take no oncial
notice Of December 7. despite pas
sage by Congress Of q resolution
requesting that he proclaim the
second anniversary Of the Pearl
Harbor attack as Armed Services
Honor Day" The President con-
siders that date day of great in
fanny"
That was made plain at the White
House yesterday after the Senate
Friday completed congressional ac-
ton on the honor day" resolution
sponsored by Representative Tolan,
Democrat Of California, and Sena-
tor Wiley, Republican Of Wisconsin.
Their belief was to make the day
one Of tribute to "all men and
women who have served or are now
serving in the armed forces"
1t was believed the President
either would veto the resolution or
sign 1t and ignore it. 1t is not man.
Evening star., 1943-11-14
Two Army Men Killed
In Louisiunu Crush

Dy the Associated Press.
THIRD ARMY EEAQUARTERs
IN LOUISIANA, Nov. 13.-The 3rd
Army public relations ONCE an
nounced today that a captain and
a noncommissioned officer were
killed in the crash Of q plane yes
terday in maneuver training
flight.
The victims were identified a.
Capt. Worth S. McCue of Fairhope.
Ala, and Technician Fifth Grade
Cecil G. Patterson Of Greensboro,
N G.
Evening star., 1943-11-14

representatives to the new govern
mental setup.
The Communists were reported to
have demanded the commiSsariats
of information and labor as their
reward for helping unity the COM
mittee under the leadership of Gen
Charles de Gaulle. Following four
hour committee session a spokes-
man for the government denied that
Gen. De Gaulle ever had offered
these posts to the Communists but
added that the issue was undecided.
Evening star., 1943-11-14
tuberculosis Remedy
Believed Found; Test
Now Being Made
Ey the Associated Press.

Ey the Associated Press.
WAUKEGAN, Ill.,, Nov. IA san
itarium Is making the first trial on
human beings Of new chemical
which may control tuberculosis
something sought for centuries-and
phyaicians testing the drug report it
may rank as one of the greatest ad-
vances In treatment of the disease.
The drug is diasone, one of several
phosphorus containing compounds
called sulfones with which scientists
have been experimenting to find a
remedy, the only cure at present be-
ing the body's own resistance.
Diasone Is not one of the "sulfa"
compounds, but physicians say 1t
holds promise Of controlling tubercu-
losis chemically almost as effectively
as the sulfanamides control stepto-
coccus and other infections.
Dr. Charles X. Peter, superin-
tendent Of the Lake County Tuber-
culosis Sanitarium-the first insti-
tuition in the United States to ad-
minister diasone to patients-has
made an optimistic preliminary
report.
Best Found Yet.
He disclosed to the Lake County
Medical Society that diasone lis the
best we have found so far in our ex-
perience" and that he is convinced
1t will be IAN extremely valuable
adjunct to our. modern treatment of
tuberculosis.
I'VE are long way from the final
answer" he added, but expressed
belief the sulfone compounds may
be pointed the way to the ulti-
mate goal"
DR.. Peter said diasone had been
administered to 108 patients in the
sanitarium, a few of them for as
long as nine months. OF this
Evening star., 1943-11-14

troops have not yet been able to
reach the center of Beirut"
Lebanon and Syria have been
under French mandate since the
first World War. In 194l Gen. Ca
troux promised Lebanon inde-
pendence when the British and
fighting French moved in to expel
the Vichy French who were accused
of planning to let the Germans oc-
cupy the country.
Enemy reports yesterday told of
disorders in several Lebanese towns,
but the French radio said a few
demonstrators-mostly women and
children-"in the pay of professional
agitators'-were dispersed. 49,
Evening star., 1943-11-14

atorium and the collapse therapy,"
DR.. Peter concluded.
He recommended that diasone be
used only in sanatorium equipped
to carry out the most detailed OBJ
|servations.
Diasone was developed in 1887
by Abbott Laboratories, working
with DR.. George w. Raiziss of Phil
adelphia, and won't be available for
general distribution until the COM
pletion of tests in Lake County and
a few other sanitariums.
Experiments with mice, rabbits
and guinea pigs showed the drug
helped control streptoccic infections
and pneumonia and later it was
found that sulfone compounds cured
tuberculosis In guinea pigs.
Evening star., 1943-11-14
Air Hostesses Assigned
To Fly Clipper Routes
sy the Associated Press

Ey the ASSOcIdted Press.
MIAMI, Fla. Nov. 13.-Pretty,
young hostesses soon will fly the in
ternational airways on Pan Ameri-
can clippers, it was announced to-
day
A manpower shortage has resulted
in girls being assigned as stewards
on Nassau and Havana planes for
the first time in the company's his
tory,
Evening star., 1943-11-14
U. 5. Worker to Retire

The Agriculture Department an
nounced today DR.. william c. Her
rold. assistant chief Of the meat in
spection division, will retire Novem-
Der Is after IS years of Government
service and will accept a position
with the Columbus (Ohio) Health
Department.
Evening star., 1943-11-14
Ny one 4-Pvrpose Cream ends
need for any extra face creams

N7OMEN who use Lady Esther
w 4-Purpose Face Cream don't
need any extra creams for the care
of their skin. For this one scientific
face cream, by itself, takes care of A
basic needs of the skin!
Just think! Every time you use
Lady Esther 4-Purpose Face Cream:
CD it thoroughly cleans your skin;
(2) it softens your skin; (3) it helps
nature refine the pores; (4) it leaves
a smooth, perfect base for powder.
Helps these 8 skin-trovbIes
Is your skin too dry? Do you have
little lines due to dryness? Are the
mouths of your pores distended by
dirt? Do you have unsightly black