davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1943-05-17
Telegraph Merqer

The long rivalry of the Western
Union and Postal Telegraph Com
panies Is coming to an end through
consolidation agreement after
twenty years of discussion of the de-
STABILITY of such unification OF their
services to the public. How many
hundreds of millions of dollars were
wasted in the contest between the
two organizations is anybody's guess.
The sum expended for the construc-
tion and operation of parallel lines
unquestionably was prodigious.
But something more important
than money was involved in the con-
flict. The Western Union and the
Postal were only two of a number of
companies established to exploit the
principle of Samuel F. B. Morses
magnetic telegraph. Others in
cluded: American Rapid. Telegraph
Company, Atlantic Telegraph Com
pany, Baltimore and Ohio Telegraph
Company, Commercial Union Tele-
graph Company, North American
Telegraph Company and Pacific
Postal Telegraph-Cable Company.
Each Of these systems" represented
the fundamental thesis of the Amer
ican way of life-the doctrine of in
dividual freedom in every legitimate
field of human enterprise.
Thn fondarou fo
ever, was equally compelling. BY the
very nature OF its purpose the tele-
graph was expansive. The original
line from Washington to Baltimore,
constructed in 1874, was merely the
first link in a universal network of
wires. Gradually, the several inde-
pendent concerns began to amalga-
mate. The Western Union was the
result Of the activities of Hiram
Sibley and Samuel L. Selden. It
was founded in 1851 and reorganized
in 1856. To suggest the pace at
which it developed, it will suf1ice to
mention that its capitalization rose
from $685., 700 in 1858 to $41, 900 900 in
1867. Jay Gould obtained control
of the whole property in 1881. At
the same time another group Of pro-
moters set up the Postal Telegraph
to put In use the harmonic telegraph
of Elisha Gray. John w. Mackay
was elected president of the firm in
1883. He reformed it altogether" in
1886 and soon thereafter it was rec
ognized everywhere as the major
rival Of the Western Union.
An alternative service, Of course,
Evening star., 1943-05-17
Contrast in Methods

If the job stabilization plan for the
District is successful, large measure
of credit will 60 to the Labor Man.
agement Committee, composed of
local men familiar with local condi-
tions, and to the obvious desire of
RAINY B. Deschner, area director of
the War Manpower Commission, to
make the District plan acceptable to
the Washington community.
The details of the plan are all so
new. imposing conditions and restric-
tions in seeking jobs with higher pay
or better opportunities and in obtain
ing and retaining adequate personnel
on lean labor market, that it will
be some time before the objectives
and the mutual requirements, on the
part of management and labor, are
generally understood. But if there
are parts of the system which are
found Objectionable or impracticable,
they will be remedied by men meet
ing for frank discussion around a
council table, and, though represent
ing at times conflicting interests,
anxious to reach a common under
standing on something that will
work.
In contemplating the manifest
benefits Of this wise arrangement it
is impossible to escape the compari-
son 1t suggests with the machinery
represented in the Presidents Com
mittee on Fair Employment Practice
This latter organization is dealing
none too successfully with the even
more delicate and difficult problems
involved in race relationships. The
Washington community is not repre-
sented in its membership. 1t has in
dicated tendency to establish new,
challenging issues, creating prejudice
instead of philosophicaly working for
its removal. 1t is plain that the issue
it has created in connection with the
employment of Negroes as streetcar
and bus operators in the Capital
Transit Co. has nothing to do with
the company's willingness to hire
them, the fact that Negroes are COM
petent to do the job or to any lack of
public sympathy with the wholly
legitimate and desirable aspirations
of Negro citizens for economic ad-
vancement.
The matter involves local and long
established customs, preferences and
prejudices on the part of the en-
ployes, which, stiffening in the face
of mandatory edicts and arbitrary
rules, are most amenable to change
and removal through the steady cul-
tivation of mutual respect and un-
derstanding.
Evening star., 1943-05-17

had its advantages in public expe-
rience. The strife" between the two
companies kept both at a high pitch
Of efficiency. 1t also had the effect
of lowering the rates of charges for
kilograms and wire facilities required
by different industries. What the
fruit OF consolidation may be re-
mains to be seen. Spokesman for
both chains say that the merger will
be of special benefit in wartime.
When peace has been restored, great
improvements in all phases of
telegraphic communication are
promised.
Evening star., 1943-05-17
Raises Question About Taxing
Men In Services Inequitably.


1t is my opinion that Congress, in the
new tax bill, should give some consid-
Grafton to the boys in the armed services.
Practically all the fellows going into
the services made enough last year to
pay income tax. This year they will not.
However, under the bill before Congress
they will have to pay tax on the
greater income, either 1912 or. 1943.
Therefore the bill Is no good for them.
Only the people staying home and
making money will gain any benefit.
Most of them are making more this year
than last, therefore their 1912 taxes Cor
part of them) will be Cancelled.
If the bill were changed to cancel
Is. 50, rs or 100 per cent of the 1912 tax,
every one would be treated the same, AZ
we should be in democracy.
LYLE ?. PARRATr.
Evening star., 1943-05-17
Single Taxer Again Attributes War
To Rejection of Henry George Doctrine.

10 Rejection OF Henry George Doctrlne.
To the Editor Of The Star:
Thomas Jefferson once said that
eternal vigilance is the price OF liberty"
Mr. Jefferson knew what those words
meant. To fully appreciate the meaning
OF such sentiment one must know pre-
cisely what liberty is and how it can
be held or lost. The path Of history
is strewn with examples of tyrants who
rose to power singing the praises of lib
erty only to crush it with an iron fist,
once dictatorship was fully established.
The acceptance Of liberty must be
based upon a full realization that every
individual throughout the world is 4
creation of God and is born with a nat
ural right to lead his own life. that once
this inalienable right is denied liberty
no longer exists. Liberty also means,
with equal Importance, that the earth
is the birthright of every man, woman
and child and when the earth becomes
the private property of privileged
few, then liberty exists in name only
and must be replaced by conditions Of
poverty, war and slavery.
Although deprived of economic free
dom, many men are prepared to sell
even their conscience for the illusion of
getting living from the government.
If one fully understands the meaning
of liberty, he will readily see that gov
ernment control of individual enter
prise in things made by human labor
can lead only to an endless chain of
restrictions and spying, converting men
into sheep.
weapon used by those who have
adopted the earth as a private play
ground is the levying of taxes by the
government against every form OF hon.
est enterprise. These taxes deprive the
people Of a good part Of their purchas-
ing power. The resulting poverty
Evening star., 1943-05-17

@, What are the sentences that are
often used In testing telephones?-E
L. H.
A. These sentences are: Joe took
fathers shoe bench out" and "She was
waiting at my lawn" Between them they
contain all the sounds heard in the Eng
lish language.
@. How long Is Madeira wine aged?-
s. S.
d. A. A recent decree prohibits the ex-
porta ton of the wine from Madeira until
it is fve years old
Q. What was the number Of colonists
who came to Virginia on the first trip to
this country in 1607?-A N. C.
A. The Virginia Historical Society
says in The General Historic OF Vir-
ginia. New England and the Summer
1sles," by Capt. John Smith, is a list of
the names of them that were the first
Planters" in 1907. These names aggre-
gate 81 and at the end of the list is the
statement with divers others to the
number of 100"
Q. What is the record for building a
prefabricated ship?-C. M. S.
A. The record for building Liberty
ships Is now held by the Oregon Ship
building Corp, Portland, Ore, which
built the Robert E. Pearv in AZ DAYS and
delivered it in 3lz days, making a total
OF eight days from keel laying to
delivery.
@. How many years will the sun con-
tinue to shine?-E. D. j.
A. The rate at which the sun is pour
ing out energy has beer computed, and
from this fact 1t has been estimated that
the sun at its present rate can exist for
some Is million million years before the
sub-atomic supply of energy is exhausted.
@. Why do walters wear white gloves7
L. S. E.
A. The custom is believed to date back
to the time of Louis XIV. In the palace
OF Versailles the kitchens were so far
from the royal suite that food was
brought on heavy silver-covered platters.
The footmen wore thick white gloves
when carrying these dishes.
@. Was shell shock known before the
First World War?-A. K. N
A. AS early as the 10th century this
condition was noted and called wind Of
the ball.
@. Do Latin American countries have
rural mail delivery like the United
States?-H. D. G.
A. The Pan-American Union says
there seems to be very little, if any, rural
mail delivery in Latin America Since
the ranches are more or less isolated, it
would be dificult to deliver mail to them
regularly. Mail is delivered at central
point and individuals come into the little
communities and get it.
Evening star., 1943-05-17
Georgia Boy Teaches .
Lesson in Patriotism,

To the Editor Of The Star:
I'm off to fight for my country"
answered youth to an nquiring pas
senger aboard a train northbound out
of Georgia.
The latter's heart filled with pity,
since never before had he seen so grown
a boy without shoes and coat.
But as he looked into the lads fine,
brave eyes, he saw that they shone
with patriotism that golden words
from the lips Of a poet could not have
done justice to. Despite the fact that
this youth had received 50 little from
the great abundance OF his beloved
America, he was more than willing to
give everything to defend it.
To stand in the presence OF such a
country-loving barefoot and coatless
patriot was like standing in the presence
of hallowed soldier of the grand Con-
tinental Army. thousands Of whom,
poorly clad and unshod, marched over
ice-covered hills and valleys in the
Revolution.
No, freedom is not dead. 1t cannot
die-not when a boy who had lived
virtually by freedom alone steps for
ward, barefoot and coatless, proudly to
say: I'm of to fight for my country"
HARRY DANIELS.
Evening star., 1943-05-17
Huskin's Answers
To Questions
Bu Frederic J. II,

By Frederic J. HaSkin.
reader can get the anStDer to any
question OF fact BY tDriting The Epe-
ming Star Information Bureau, Fred
eric J. Hasktn, director, Washington.
D. c. Please inclose stamp for return
postage.
@. Where was the German General
Ritter Won Thoma taken after his cap
ture by the British In Africa?-P. C.
A. He was taken to Great Britain by
Canadian airmen on November 20, 1912.
q. Is there any estimate of the num-
ber of patents granted throughout the
world in q year?-A. r. j.
A. In 1899, latest year for which sta
tistics are available, the number of
patents in the world amounted to lat 1896.
@. How did the bird known as "vireo"
get this name?-R. S.
A. The name means Il am green" the
birds being greenish in color. They are
tireless singers, and some repeat the same
musical phrase over and over, as many
as 1000 times day.
@. What per cent Of the population OF
the District Of Columbia is Negro? -
V.C.W.
A. According to the 1910 census, the
percentage OF the Negro population of
the District of Columbia was 2s2.
Q. What is "Jesus paper"?-R. E.
A. 1t is paper of large size (about 281a
by 21E2 in) chiefly used for engravings.
Originally it was stamped with the ini-
tials Il. H. S."
O. Are civilians allowed to travel on
the Alcan highway to Alaska?-s. w. A.
A. The road is under military control
and no civilian traffic will be allowed
during the war period without good rea-
son.
Evening star., 1943-05-17
Not q Good PoIicy

Out in neighboring Montgomery
County the response to the Secre-
tary Of Agriculture's call on citizens
to cultivate Victory gardens this year
was a meeting of the County Board
and immediate decision to spend the
funds necessary to plow up and pre-
pare for seeding some 1000 garden
plots in Bethesda, Chevy Chase,
Silver Spring and Takoma Park.
The commissioners went further and
rented, at county expense, twenty
four acre tract in Silver Spring.
About $50 gardens are planted there.
1t Is picturesque sight, on sunny
days, to observe the back to- the
land movement that has resulted,
with hundreds of suburbanites, in
slacks or overalls or old clothes,
busily plying rake and hoe, with
profit to themselves and, eventually,
to the Nation.
Here in the District our municipal
government financial encourage
ment of Victory gardens depends on
public charity. The St. Andrews
Society, charmingly belying the
reputation of the Scotsman's thrift,
donated about a thousand dollars to
the Commissioners to use for some
worthy purpose-no strings at
tached. Money from this fund was
used to hire experts to supervise the
District Victory garden project. The
Variety Club, with equal generosity,
has donated $500, which also is to
be used for Victory gardens. The
original plowing OF District plots was
financed from $500, begged from the
District War Fund. Some 100 pub
lie plots have been plowed and pre-
pared for seeding, about half as
many as provided by Montgomery
County
1t is ill-mannered discourtesy to
look gift horse in the mouth and
every citizen appreciates the gen.
erosity of those who have donated
funds for such a useful purpose as
Victory gardens. But why should
the District have to rely on private
donations to finance enterprises
which, in other communities, are
legitimately paid for from public
funds? No lack of appreciation is
involved. But the principle is of
some Importance. 1t is bad policy
for the Community War Fund to be
advancing money to the District for
undertakings which have a valid
claim on public funds. 1t is bad
policy for the District, for this type
of financing lends an aspect Of
casual unimportance to the prof.
ects which benefit.
1t Is not as if the District lacked
funds of its own. The District bor-
rowed-with interest-some $2,0O0,-
600 to meet contingent expenses in
connection with civilian defense. A
large part of it is being used to pay
expenses that rightfully should be
shared generously by the National
Government. Money directly bene-
fitting local citizens evidently must
depend on gifts, however, unless
used within the legislation's restric-
tions as necessary for the adequate
protection of persons"
Knowing the unwieldy and lengthy
process involved in securing an ap-
preparation of local tax revenues
from Congress, one may have full
sympathy with the Commissioners
embarrassing difficulties in providing
the funds here which in other COM
munities would be available as a
matter Of course But such under
standing does not rectify policy
which is essentially unsound.
Evening star., 1943-05-17
Government Policies Defended
BY Critic Of Correspondent.

To the Editor OF The STAR
Perusal of the letter signed by A. j. S..
an indignant critic of the Governments
policy toward war prisoners. as pub
hshed In The Star of May 13, left me
with the feeling that the writer probably
was not hurting himself in the purchase
OF War bonds and that he would be glad
OF an excuse to buy even fewer.
Who says that Axis officers are fed
fresh STEAK, potatoes, butter, coffee, etc" :"
and anyway, what If they are? Potatoes
never were considered luxury food and
by the time those potatoes in Africa could
be shipped back here to feed practically
undernourished" Ito use his own words
A. j. S.. the temporary shortage here al
ready would have been alleviated.
In spite Of rumors that have heard
to the effect that we are shipping our
beef and butter to African cannibals, and
a lot OF other poppycock to the same
effect, I don't believe that our own men
lack adequate food supplies despite all
the dif11culties in getting shipments
through
None Of us civilians is suffering from
rationing, nor are we in danger of being
"undernourished." Personally, I'm fed
up with those who loudly talk in public
places about all the Sacrificing" they are
doing because they have to use public
transportation. or share their cars, or
choose their foods according to stamp
values. M I. M.
Evening star., 1943-05-17

coming national campaign this issue
of deficit spending be given its de-
served place among the issues that
should be debated.
Evening star., 1943-05-17
Sardonic Comment
On Current Events.
To the Editor If Ths R+.r,

From the way things are going at
present by the time our boys come
marching home they will discover that
America still has three branches of Gov
ernment: Legislative, judicial and John
L. Lewis. ARTHUR shit
Evening star., 1943-05-17

Puzzles. Tricks and Magic-A varied
collection that will appeal to all tastes
to the dyed-in- the wool puzzle fan
as we'll as the novice. It. includes
catchy problems in mathematics, word
puzzles, enigmas, paper and continu-
Gus line puzzles, and simple magic
that any one can do. The solutions
to all problems and puzzles are given
in the back of the book. See how
agile you are mentally. Try some of
the puzzles at your next party. They
will provide endless fun To secure
your copy inclose 10 cents In coin.
wrapped in this clipping, and mail to
The Star Information Bureau.
Name
Address
Evening star., 1943-05-17
Letters to the Editor

Letters to the Editor must
oear the name and address of
the Uriter, although the use OF
a pseudony1n for publication is
permissible. The Star reserves
the right to edit all letters Nth
DteaD to condensation.
Evening star., 1943-05-17

creates the unrest which breeds Hitlers,
Quislings, hatred and war.
Another weapon used to protect the
private owners OF Gods earth are tar
1f1s which keep the price of domestic
commodities at monopoly level
Liberty can be maintained and eco
nomic freedom guaranteed only If we
unshackle private enterprise. We can
accomplish this if we return the earth
to the people by instituting a single tax
upon the value Of all land and by re-
moving the taxes which primarily have
been responsible for poverty and war.
All tariffs must be abolished and COM
plete free trade restored.
Eternal vigilance is the price of lib
erty." but we must know the exact
things that require vigilance. D.A.
Evening star., 1943-05-17

that
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-09-29
Beau+yAided
By Bright
CoIors
BY HELEN FoLLETT

THE WOMAN who has an
appreciation Of lovely colors has
easy going along the beauty
road. Thrice blessed is She be-
cause she thrills 10 lovely hues
as a musician thrills 70 beauti-
ful music.
Her dress problems are not as
pulling as they are 10 others.
She knows what she wants, she
knows what is flattering.
Those among the sisters who
believe they must always be
practical, who are inclined 10
wear drab tones, such as dull
browns and grays, should make
an endeavor 10 become more
conscious Of charming color ef-
fectS; how they affect the eyes,
the complexion, the figure.
When they flaunt a few gay
tints they will no longer be
moths; they will be butterflies.
They will be easier on the eye,
wifi renew their youth.
The effect Of color on the
complexion should be apparent
10 any one who is at all observ-
ing. Gray drains the skin of
natural coloring.
Black is seldom flattering; il
best becomes the blonde: the
redhead can get away with It;
but for most of Us II is An IN
happy choice.
White is helpful only when
the skin is bronzed by the sum-
mer sun, or when IL is a combi-
nation Of roses and lilies. has
not been touched by the sharp
fingers Of Old Man Time.
Stand before your mirror in a
clear, strong light. Wrap differ
ent colored scarves and blouses
close around your neck, note
what they do to you.
Color is as interesting a SUBJ
jet in the field of clothes as
graceful lines and gorgeous fab
RIGS
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-09-29

RUFFLED P NAFO IRE
frocks are necessary as pencils
10 readin' and Writin' days. Pat
tern 1850, with its adorable
dirndl skirt. takes 10 a soft,
warm wool mixture or TO tub
able cotton with equal grace.
Make the cute puff sleeve
blouse in rayon or cotton. It's
all easy sewing.
Pattern 455O is available in
girls sizes, 6, S, 10, y and IA.
Size 10, Jumper, takes ] s. yards
54-inch fabric; blouse, Is yards
30-Inch.
This pattern together with A
transfer pattern OF useful and
charming motifs 10 cmbrolder
on linens and garments. 20
cents.
Send 20 cents in coins for this
pattern. Write plainly size,
name, address and style number.
Just out. Our new fall and
winter pattern book. Send 10
cents extra. Free glove and
bag pattern in book pattern
and book together, 80 cents.
Send your order 20 the Anne
Adams Pattern Department,
1928 Times Square, Detroit 81,
Mich.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-09-29
WAPCH - TO APPIL 20

MARCH 2I TO APRIL 20
Mildly favorable, par
ticulariy for heart and home
interests, artistic professions;
medicine, dentistry. surgery,
nursing. Opportune for consul
tationS, conferences, improving
health and relations with BUSH
ness associates, super,Ors, en-
pioyes
APRIL n TO NAY %
Tovug-This month ends on
promising note generally, but
especially 10 is favorable for
Taureans who have made the
most Of their God given talents
and capabilty and who are con-
tinuing 10 bend every effort 20
succeed, wisely invest and pre-
pare FOR future.
NAY ~ TO JUNE 2T
q en-, in a. Todavs SHOULD top
your best record Tor month.
Many planets $, including the
Moon Mercury and Jupiter are
In favorable CONGREGATIONS. This
all spells success, personal gain
for Geminians who are on the
JOB.
Jt.NE - To July %
Cmccr-M % s Z encouraging.
friendly Thursday. Money mat
tiers. military interests. govern
ment and personal affairs equally
sponsored by benefc planetary
aspects. Go all-out in your effort
TO attain
July p TO AUG. p
Lco-T Today promises 10 do
much for YOU If you adhere 70
Gods principles. do your work
with conscientious earnestness
and relish the privilege Of hav-
ing TO struggle and sacrifice.
AUG. % TO SEPT. 81
Eirgo-There should be pleas
ure doing ones duty this encour-
aging day. Thrift industry,
promptncss are commendable
traits. and belong TO the true
Nirgoan. With them ever TO the
fore you cannot fail.
SEPT. - TO OCT. p
Libra--lou may not produce
spectacular results now, but con-
sistent, steady effort will net
gains. Let there be no hesitancy
in accepting and doing mental
tasks-know that your goal is
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-09-29
Hardy Type

Unlike the older sorts Of
CaryopteriS which winter(killed,
this one is hardy. Tire spikes
are composed OF many individual
flowers. each one with a frinCed
lip almost like a tiny orchid -
and such lovely shade of pur-
pliSh blue.
Another dwarf shrub with
bright yellow flowers blooming
now is Hypericum Sungold est
JohnSwort. This would look
well combined with the Caryop-
teriS described above. And by
tho time YOU add late phlox TO
the plants I've mentioned. 10
say nothing IF early chryS anthe-
NUNS and hardy aStcrs YOU
should have a garden fun OF
color even In October,
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-09-29
TREAT FAMILY WITH SPICED GRAPES

SPICED GRAPES are a real
treat the year round. And now
that the grape season is in our
midst let's take advantage of
the rich and abundant supply
and preserve them for future
use.
Your supply of spices, to-
gether with vinegar and sugar,
are all that's needed to insure
jars Of tasty spiced grapes that
will add zest to the winters
menus.