davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-01-24

lllSld WIFI dil SpGeu.
1t has been obvious from the first
that if the Axis high command
really intends to try to maintain
foothold in Africa it must do so in
Northeastern Tunisia, where the
lines of communication are short
and where the strategical position
commanding the Sicilian channel
is of great va..e. This condition has
obtained from the moment the An
glo-American forces made good their
footing in Algeria and Morocco.
Mareth Lines Value.
Against pressure from both sides,
neither the Axis forces actually in
Africa nor the capacity of any
trans Mediterranean supply sys-
tenn which they could hope to main
tain could possibly be adequate to
hold an extended front including
both the coastal region of Tunisia
and the major part of Tripolitania.
The Axis strategy was thus con-
strained by necessity to adopt a
policy of concentrating all of their
African forces in Northeastern Tu-
nisia, concentration which is now
in progress.
1t remains to be seen whether
Rommel will attempt to make a
stand on the Mareth line or will
only fight another delaying action
there while continuing his with
drawal northWard AS long as the
Mareth line can be held, the Axis
has the additional advantage of the
use of the ports of Sfax, Sousse and
Gabes on the eastern coast of Tu-
nisia.
This is a factor of considerable
Importance because the port in
stallations at Bizerte and Tunis
have suffered heavy damage from
Allied air attacks. Moreover, if the
east coast ports are lost, the prob
lens of the Allied blockading squad
ronS would be immensely simplif1ed,
with only the ports of Tunis and
BiZerte to watch. 1t is. therefore,
quite possible that Rommel may
seek to make stand in the Mareth
position, covering the eastern ports,
at least for the time being.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-01-24
RommeI Likely to Continue
Delaying Action, Eliot Says
May Make Stand on Moreth Line, but
Expulsion From Africa Seems Sure

But there is considerable doubt as
to whether he can long maintain
himself there. In order to hold the
Mareth line and the east coast ports,
the desert flank to the westward
must be protected. For this pur-
pose what remains of Rommel's mo-
bile units will now be available, but
whether these will be sufficient in
number. and equipment is another
matter
Probably the Axis hope is to stall
Montgomery's mobile fighting power
on the Mareth line and to use Rom
mels mobility behind that line to
deal with such Allied mobile forces
as may make their appearance in
Central Tunisia 1t will be extreme
ly difficult for Montgomery to effect
junction with these latter forces
because of the strength of the Mar
eth line and because the noun
tains, the salt marshes and the
Waterless desert itself form effective
barriers to prevent the Mareth line
from being outfanked.
However, when all is said and
done, the Axis forces in Tunisia are
now surrounded by four Allied
armies-the LIST and 9th British
Armies, the 5th American Army
and the growing French Army of
Africa-which in sum total heavily
outnumber the Axis forces both in
men and equipment and seem likely
to continue to possess superiority in
the air and to have the advantage
OF strong naval" support along the
coast.
Advantages in Delay.
1t may very we'll be that Rommel
will be sable@to gain some local sue
cesses and to give Our forces a great
deal of trouble, but in the end the
expulsion of the Axis from Africa
seems as certain as anything can
be in this uncertain war.
1t is quite likely that the Axis
high command is well aware of this
fact and that the real intention is
to gain as much time as possible.
The longer they can maintain their
foothold in Africa, the longer they
can keep us from opening the
Mediterranean to our conveys and
thus immensely easing our critical
shipping situation. The longer they
can, with comparatively small forces,
occupy the attention of four Allied
armies in Tunisia, the longer they
are putting off the day when these
armies could be devoted to other
purposes.
The longer they can keep impor-
tant Allied naval units tied up in
the Mediterranean the better it will
be for them in other sea areas
and in this they are doing their
japanese allies an indirect favor by
preventing the transfer of the whole
British submarine feet to the Pa
cific, where it would naturally go if
it had no Mediterranean response
bilitieS. From this point of view,
every day that the Axis can keep
on fighting in Africa is day gained
of which they could make good use
in other theaterS. z
Copyright, 1943, New York Tribune, Inc.)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-01-24
Triumph at 1ripoIi
Booms Alexander 10
Lead Allied Offensive
London Feels Chief
In Middle Eust Is
Logical Choice
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
LONDON. Jan. 23.-Lifted to the
forefront of popular acclaim by the
fall of Tripoli and the successful
conclusion of his desert campaign,
Gen. Sir Harold Alexander, COM
mander in chief of. Allied forces In
the Middle East, is regarded by many
here as the logical man to command
the next full-blown offensive of the
Allied nations, wherever it may fall
The quiet, pleasant general, whose
appointment to supreme command
in the Middle East last August re-
ceived a cool reception from British
press and public, now has won firm
recognition as one of Britain's most
capable stategists,
Throughout the recent desert
campaign. military authorities
stressed the fact that it basically
was Gen. Alexander's show even
though Gen. Sir Bernard l.. Mont
gomery was more in the limelight
as battle front executor of his chiefs
grand strategy.
Directed Burma Retreat.
Now the public is remembering
again that the 51-year old Alex
ander won fame in the last war and
was the last man off the beach at
Dunkerque" in the present conflict.
Gen. Alexander organized the
present realistic battle school train
ing methods in Britain and directed
the British Army's retreat out of
Burma, where the soldiers, in the
face of terrific odds, were said to
have come out with their tails up"
An avowed apostle of the often
sive, Gen. Alexander has told his
junior officers:
I'VE must not be content to sit
behind concrete Notifications We
should take every opportunity to hit
back-especially where the enemy is
not expecting US"
He is a prime exponent of air
support for ground troops, and his
experiences in the use of the aerial
arm was seen all through the desert
campaign.
Courageous Under Fire.
Many tales are told of Gen. kiex-
ander's GOODNESS and courage under
fire. Just hefore the Dunkerque
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-01-24
Puerto Rico to Step Up
Production of Food
By the Associated Press

BY the Associated Press
SAN JUAN, Puerto Rico, Jan.
23.-The Emergency Relief Council
has approved an expenditure of
S596,324 and employment of 10000
persons to grow food seed, whereby
the agricultural commission hopes
to increase the islands production
of corn, beans, rice, tomatoes and
green's, it was announced today.
The council has been authorized
to spend up to 100000 on direct
relief payments to unemployed in
the next six months instead of the
100000 previously allotted. The
maximum payment will be $3.50
monthly to each family.
This was expected to provide
relief for 1900 families.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-01-24
Courageous Under Fire.

Many tales are told of Gen. kiex-
ander's GOODNESS and courage under
fire. Just before the Dunkeroue
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-01-24

evacuation he and two staff officers
and a chauffeur sergeant, J. A.
Wells. were trapped by a road block
10 miles from the Channel. Gen.
Alexander burned his car. OBJ
tanned bicycles ant pedaled the rest
OF the distance Under fire to take
charge on the beaches.
He was cool as a trout" Seret.
Wells recalls. He never took cover
even when the bombing and she'll
ing was at its height"
Gen. Alexander is the third son
of the fourth Earl of Caledon. Edu-
Gated at Harrow and at Sandhurst.
Britain's famous military academy,
he came out of the First World War
at a lieutenant colonel.
He won the French Legion of
Honor at the Marine, the Military
Cross at Loos and the Distinguished
Service Order at the Son1me. He
was twice wounded and Ave times
mentioned in dispatches.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-01-24
Nazis Declare Loss
OF TripoIi Is Moral,
Not Military, Blow
Italian Radio Insists
African Defeats Cannot
Prevent Ultimate Victory

BY the Associated Press
The fall of Tripoli was more of a
moral than military or economic"
blow to the Italian people, Ger
man broadcast recorded by the As
ISOLATED Press said yesterday.
"Tripohtania had lost its impor-
lance since the beginning of the
war, and was less valuable econom-
ically than the fertile Cyrenaica,"
the broadcast said, and since the
occupation of Tunisia by the Axis
Tripolitania has almost completely
lost its military importance"
The Rome radio earlier had de-
clared that the great struggle which
Italy has been waging for %
months in North Africa is coming to
an end" but added that "in war the
loss of territory is not the end of
maneuver. On the other hand, the
loss Of all these territories cannot
prevent ultimate victory"
Italian Losses Heavy.
This broadcast admitted the Ttal-
ians had suffered heavy losses in
the desert campaign, and attributed
the capture Of Tripoli to the British
9th Army's superiority in men and
equipment.
The German report said the Ital-
ians felt consolation in that the
British had to pay dearly for the
conquest of Tripolitania," and that
they they had been expecting the
they had been expecting the loss of
the capital for some days.
of Importance, it added, SIS the
fact that almost the entire European
population of Tripolitania has been
evacuated long ago when the bomb
attacks began to endanger the life
Of Europeans. Only the fewest of
Italians will thus have to be con-
cerned about their relatives here"
Harrassed by Allied Subs.
British radio estimates placed
1taly's losses in manpower in the
war at approximately 100000. 49,
900 OF them in Africa, including ESQ.,
600 in British hands as prisoners.
A Rome radio commentary said
Italy's position in Africa was made
critical when the British admiralty
decided to concentrate in the Medi-
terranean the majority of its sub
marines for attacks on Axis con-
voys, and when these undersea
forces were supplemented by United
States submarines.
"UnderSeacraft, aided by torpedo
bombers, launched continuous at
tacks against our ships heading
toward Africa" the broadcast said.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-01-24

oliiN 4Cd4 3 uoA III
and delay i n G
actions in Trip
oil t a MIA, no.
where seriously
contesting h i S
positions when
Gen. Bernard L.
Mo n t.g o m cry
was prepared to
attack in force.
He has ev n
a b a n d o n e d
Tripoli it S e If
without deter
mined resistance
and is with
drawing intoTu-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-01-24
District Clio Forms
New Servants Union

A new domestic workers union
has been formed to organize house
hold employees of the District, Mrs.
Marion Davis, organizer, announced
yesterday.
Headquarters of the union is at
local CLIO Offices, l407 L street NV.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-01-24
BY MAI. GEORGE FIELDING
ELIOT.

Events have fully justified the
estimate of Marshal Edwin Rom
mels intentions as. previously stated
in these articles. He has fought
The CIO news. (Cumberland, Md.) 1942-????, 1943-01-18
Big Cartridge
Plant Goes CIO
BY Big Margin

st. Louis, Jan. 16-Five thousand
workers at the u. s. Cartridge Plant
largest small arms plant in the
country-voted CLIO this week In
a big victory for the United Elec-
trical, Radio and Machine Workers.
The vote was won by the UE In
the face Of an AFL contract that
covered some 1900 workers at the
plant. The vote clears away a
completely unsatisfactory contract
situation, since the AFL agreement
had no provisions for union secu-
rity, paid vacations. recognition of
the shop stewards, etc.
Local 825 Of the UE 10 now pre-
pairing to win a further election
among some 10000 production work
ers employed by the same company.
which has long and smelly record
Iof attempted union busting.
The CIO news. (Cumberland, Md.) 1942-????, 1943-01-18

groups In order to support the
President and defeat the appeasers
in Congress. That's where we au,s
iliary women can do q big job.
too. First Of all we ought to get in
touch with the other auxiliaries-
ALL and Brotherhood. Then with
other women's groups In our CONF
munities.
In Denver, auxiliary women
have joined with other women's
groups to organize WOmen's
Industrial War Council. CLIO and
AFL auxlliaries, League Of WOm-
on Shoppers, YWCA, etc. The
Council II holding . series or
meetings on child care, rationing
and other pressing wartime prob
lens and planning action on these
issues. The Los Angeles Auxili-
airy Council Is calling all women's
organizations to city-wide anti
Poll Tax Conference. We can do
things like these other places.
The Congress Of Women's Aux
iliaries would like to hear from
every CLIO auxiliary regularly:
what you are doing to help in the
legislative program Of your union
and your council. Send the name Of
your legislative chairman to 1913
18th st. NV. Washington. We will
send her suggestions and materials
for your program. Let's make the
most of this opportunity to prove
to our unions how important aux
iliaries are.
The CIO news. (Cumberland, Md.) 1942-????, 1943-01-18

Accidents to production soldiers"
on the home-front since Pearl Har-
Dor have lost more Americans to
the war effort than battle casual
ties, reports Paul McNutt. War
Manpower chairman. Battle cas-
ualties totaled 58.307 and casualties
to workers on and off the job have
numbered 46,300 dead and 10000
injured.
The CIO news. (Cumberland, Md.) 1942-????, 1943-01-18

lnOuSdnuS OL penny pOSt NdiuS
are coming into Washington urg-
ing immediate extension Of ration
ing. Auxiliary women are going
house to house getting those cards
written by explaining to other
union wives how important 1t Is to
have rationing Of every essential
commodity so workers families can
get the food and clothing necessary
to about production. And they're
getting new auxiliary members at
the same time.
The auxiliaries are raising money,
too. Money for organizational work
to build the Congress Of Women's
Auxiliaries in the important indus
trial areas of our country. Money
to make the CLIO auxiliary congress
grow so that It can make greater
contribution to victory over the
Axis.
HELP PRESSURE CONGRESS
President Murray told us at the
CLIO Legislative Conference last
week that political action Is one
of CLOS most important jobs for
Victory. Winning the war depends
on maintaining a free labor move
ment and on protecting living
standards of working people so
they can do their job on the pro-
duction line.
1t isn't going to be an easy job
to put our CLIO program across In
Congress this year. We've got to
get the support Of many men and
women we didn't vote for, but we
can get IL II we make 1t clear that
our program II essential to Vic
tory.
The auxiliaries can give their
unions real help on the legislative
pressure Job. The first thing we can
do is to get an active legislative
committee going in every CLIO aux
iliary. The job of that committee
will be to see to It that the inn
portance of action on political is
sues-on the tax bill, on the poll
tax, etc.-is brought home to every
woman in every union family.
The campaign we're working on
right now for thousands Of post
cards urging rationing to Direc-
tor of Economic Sterilization
Byrnes IL an example Of how we
can do that Job. BY the way, how
many cards 10 your auxiliary get
ting ready for CWA WEEK?
But we can do more than write
post cards, even in thousands. We
can see that leaflets like the new
CLIO leafiet on the Tax Bill are
read In every home. We can work
with the union legislative commit
tee and participate In delegations
to call on our Congressman when
he Is home. and write him letters
afterwards.
UNITED ACTION
CLIO national legislative director
Nathan Cowan emphasized the need
for united action with all friendly
The CIO news. (Cumberland, Md.) 1942-????, 1943-01-18

an increase I'm earnings over the
first half Of 1871.
Indication of the increasing
power of the large corporations
was the OPA's remark that "prac-
tically all of the increase In profits
before taxes reported by the war
group was concentrated among the
prime contractors" These compa-
mics, most Of them large, have q
disproportionate share Of govern
ment contracts.
"For subcontractors," the OPA
study continues, combined earn
ings were about the same this
year as last. Through the close Of
1941, subcontractors and prime con-
tracts had Jared equally we'll"
HUGE RESERVES
One device which kept 1941 profit
figures lower than they might have
been was the practice instituted by
many companies Of setting up huge
reserves" for taxes. These re-
serves, the OPA study said, proved
to be much more than needed.
Some of this huge reservoir Of cor
porate cash will be used to pay
for 1912 taxes, II Is believed.
THE probabilities are" the gov
eminent agency declared, that
profits after taxes will show less
decline for the full year than for
the first six months" Of 1912. the
latest period for which figures are
available.
Although the last session Of Con-
gress was extremely cautious In It's
handling of corporate taxes, the
bill as finally passed probably
stopped profits from rushing clear
through the ceiling.
profits before income taxes In
1912 are continuing to rise SUBJ
stantially above the high levels
of 1941," the OPA study said. "It
ID estimated that 1912 profits
of all manufacturing industries will
show about q 40 per cent rise over
the 1871 levels"
~ BILLIONS
Profits of the 1,753 companies
studied by OPA increased by An
billions In the 1894 period, with
about three-quarters of the in
crease occurring from 1910 to
1941."
The profit increases among
various Industrial groups ranged
from o mere IL per cent TO S55
per cent-almost 10 times the
pre-war level.
"The greatest gains were in the
durable goods industry. where
every group but one showed at
least a doubling for profits between
1899 and 1941." OPA said.
In 1889 less than one-third OF
the so industrial groups made 10
per cent profits on its sales. but
as the boom developed. the figure
The CIO news. (Cumberland, Md.) 1942-????, 1943-01-18
Plan Analysis

An analysis of the profit figures
contained in the OPA Study on
Wartime Profits will be contained
In the next issue of the CLIO
Economic Outlook, published by
the CLIO Dept. OF Research and
Education.
The CIO news. (Cumberland, Md.) 1942-????, 1943-01-18
How Profits doomed

1871 profit figures based on study OF Is companies
and 70 of their car subsidiaries organised specially
TO handle government vork.
Total Parent Companies WAR
and Subsidiaries Subsidiaries
1936-39=1O0
before income 323 L696
after income 176 LZOS
return, after taxes $1,000 OF
companies own invested capital -. $l31 $i49
Govt. Funds a percentage OF total
invested capital ....~...-......".". ITO IoTo
Net after per $1,000 Of
total invested capital, including
government financing SIT $l@
SOURCE: OPA Division Of Research 8 Analysis.
The CIO news. (Cumberland, Md.) 1942-????, 1943-01-18
Mon+y-Ward
Resumes
Tory Battle

Washington, Jan. 16-Not content
with being slapped down twice by
the President and the War Labor
Board, Sewell Avery's Montgomery
Ward Co. came back swinging Its
blackjack against union security In
new hearings before the WLB.
In q second case, involving stores
at Jamaica, N. Y, Detroit and Dem
yer, the company refused to con-
slider extending the WLB's order
for a maintenance of membership
pact In Its big Chicago mail-order
house with the CLIO United Retail,
Wholesale & Dept. Store Employees.
DISTORT ISSUES
As in the earlier dispute, when
Its obstructionist policies gained
nationwide attention, the Monty
Ward executives screamed that
maintenance of membership Is
equivalent to the CLOSED shop"
And once again the company bought
advertising space worth thousands
Of dollars In newspapers through
out the country to spread its mis-
leading gospel.
Maintenance Of membership. a.
frequently ordered by the WLB,
requires members Of q union to
keep their membership for the
duration Of the contract. The
union shop c0mpels all workers
covered by contract to join the
union.
The difference makes no differ
ence to Monty-Ward, and Its adver-
Using has been echoed by reaction
aries throughout the country who
want to gang up on the WLB and
labor.
CHARGE BAD FAITH
The latest Monty-Ward case came
before the Board at the request of
the URWDSEA, which charged the
company with failure to bargain In
good faith.
The New York State Labor Board
had ordered management of the
Jamaica store to negotiate with the
union last May. When the firm
refused, the union gained an en-
forcement order from the states
Supreme Court Justice Kadien.
Samuel Wolchok. union president,
who has led the fight for security
for Monty-Ward employees, dashed
out at the company's latest propa-
ganda blast.
"At . time when millions of
citizens are making every sacri-
fice," he said, "Sewell Avery
wants to give the Commander
in-Chlef the run-around, 90 on
prosecuting his workers, and I'm
general continue In the same
merry fashion as II there were no
Hitler In the world"
The CIO news. (Cumberland, Md.) 1942-????, 1943-01-18
By ELEANOR FOWLER
CIO WOmen's Auriliaries

January 10 through 25 is CWA Week-Natona Auxiliary
Week. In Cleveland in Detroit in Los Angees-a over the
countryside auxares showing their unions the impor-
having the CLIO homes organized help carry
out the union Victory program.
The CIO news. (Cumberland, Md.) 1942-????, 1943-01-18
U. S. Study Bores Huge Profit Grab
Present Federal Toxes Fail TO Halt
Corporations From Big Takes
By HENRY C. FLEISHER

scarcely dented
super of American industry.
jumped l94l l959aiter
all taxes had been paid.
their pfafer