davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1943-08-27

While we are on the subject OF
the national legislative depart
ment, commonly, and sometimes
laughingly, called Congress, we
would like to devote this weeks
traditional stint to an interesting
little anecdote about one word
which has come to be known as
the epitome of lousiness on the po-
litical setup of a democracy.
G GERRYMANDER
Gerrymander is the word re-
ferred to, and the story of the
origin Of the word is full of morals
for all of us. The story illustrates
in how many different ways a
word, catchphrase or slogan can
be used to the disadvantage as
we'll as the advantage of the peo-
pie in any commonwealth.
Gerrymander is defined in Web
ster's dictionary as the process of
dividing state, county, ETC., into
election districts or other civil divi-
sions in an unnatural and unfair
way with view to giving a po-
litical party an advantage over its
opponent, or for some other i'm
proper purpose.
Webster also lists a second mean
ing for the word: "to manipulate,
as facts, arguments, etc., in order
to gain an unfair advantage or to
reach unwarranted conclusions.
THE HISTORY
According to the historian, John
Fiske, the word "gerrymander" was
born in the following manner:
In the year 1872, the Massachu-
setts State Legislature, in mapping
out the Congressional districts of
the state, defined the district in
and around Essex County in such
way that it made an outlandish
figure in its outline on the map.
This was done because the legis-
lature was heavily overbalanced by
ole political group which was ex-
tremely desirous of carrying its
powerful influence into Congress.
This unusual outline was indi-
Gated on a map hanging in the
newspaper office of the editor of
the Centinel. The editor of the pa
per was Benjamin Russell, an ar
dent and vitriolic "Federalist" and
an ardent enemy Of James Gerry,
governor of the state.
Gilbert Stewart, celebrated
painter of that time, came to Ed
itor Russelps office to visit with
him. In a moment of whimsey,
Stewart drew in bats wings, claws
and tongue on the outline of the
district, so that when he had fin
ished it looked like dragon, which
was termed a "salamander."
When Stewart had finished his
drawing, he stepped back, surveyed
his work and remarked, "That looks
like a salamander.
Russell snapped out, Better say
a gerrymander."
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1943-08-27
UNION HEADS GET WAR

FORT MEADE, Md. = (FP) =
Twenty five union representatives,
including five women, got. a real
taste of army life here when they
volunteered to crawl more than
100 yards through a machinegun
and dynamite barrage laid down
by their hosts, the soldiers of Fort
Meade.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1943-08-27
NoncommiffuI
On Wilson's
Powers
Continued from Page /

Continued from rage L
be held in escrow and returned to
the union after it complied with
the WLB order.
(3) To the War Manpower Com
mission, ordering it to see that any
non-complying individuals draft
deferment, if any, were revoked
or modified.
Policy of the WLB since Pres.
John L. Lewis of the United Mine
Workers defied the authority of
the board and his case was taken
to the President all other cases of
noncompliance. Thus the cases of
some 10 employers who have re-
fused to accept WLB orders have
piled up.
Employers Hit First
The executive order issued, the
board promptly ordered two def
ant employers, the Atlantic Basin
Iron Works of Brooklyn, N. Y,
and the McGeorge Contracting Co.
of Bauxite, Ark, to show cause
why they should not comply with
board orders, in public hearings
next week.
In the event that the coal mines
now operated by the government
are returned to their owners be-
fore Oct. 81 and Lewis carries out
his threat to strike if that hap
pens, the government again could
seize the mines, and Vinson could
order Coal Administrator Harold
L. Ickes to petition the WLB for
an order Withholding checkoff dues
and holding them in escrow until
the union complied with a WLB
order TO sign contract.
II you work, vote for Burke.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1943-08-27

BRUSHING AND SORTING
come next ;. To avoid damage to
wringer rolls. turn pockets inside
out and brush away metal filings.
abrasives or grit Before washing.
look for stains and grease spots
and put such clothes aside for spe-
ciaf attention. tSee below.)
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1943-08-27

MENDING should be done before
clothes are washed :. Look for thin
spots they should be darned or
patched Sew up rips in seams.
Fix tears with a good strong patch
Repair holes in pockets. and
fasten loose buttons.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1943-08-27

A series of discussions in Col
lective Bargaining in War Time,
directed by Frank Marquart, edu-
cation director, Local 600, and Ro-
land Lux, education chairman
cal 100, explained their ANAL
the methods needed today IN Z
field of collective bargaining, "as
compared to those used in our
union prior to Pearl Harbor.
Consumer Problems course was
instructed by Donald Montgomery,
UAW-CIO consumer council, in
which a discussion of the many
problems on rationing, price con-
troll and initiation now confronting
the nation, and what we can do,
both as consumers and as union
members, to combat and solve
them.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1943-08-27
Physicians Fight
Health | legislation

NEW YORK Aug. 21-(FP)-A nationwide propa-
ganda campaign undermine social security legislation and
kill the socaed American Beverdge pan Incorporated in
the proposed Wagner-Murray Dingel social security bill
Is 1161 was revealed to Federated Press August 19.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1943-08-27
What Makes
Politics Tick
SORRY FOLKS

Sorry folks that had writing this column for couple
weeks; but know how is in this Union 1T isn't SIX
things it's dozen Negotiations convention affairs here
Union politics the other guyl trips Quaker Town to
company union all (ho hum) a days work.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1943-08-27
A WORD Is COINED

Thus the word "gerrymander"
was coined, and because of the in
ference of Editor Russell, came to
mean the most contemplate con-
nivery that can be practiced by
politicians (and they really know
few tricks).
History seems to show that Gov
ernor Gerry was wrongly accused
of the nefarious piece of work.
Therein lies the moral that mans
name can unjustly become SYM
bol of wrong just by chance re-
mark.
THE MORAL FOR LABOR
The real moral for labor in this
little story is:
Don't be sucker. Don't let the
other guy gerrymander you, and
he can't if you will but exercise
the rights granted you in this
great country Of ours. These are
the rights that have been aptly
and pungently summed up in the
saying, "The right TO look any man
in the eye and tell him to go to
HI"
No one can gerrymander labor
if labor registers and votes. When
labor fails to register and vote, it
gerrymanders itself.
It's up to labor. If you want to
be gerrymandered, all you need do
is fail to exercise your rights. On
the other hand, if you want to pre-
serve your interests, if you want
to have part in naming those
who will represent your interests
in the various political subdivisions,
then there is only one thing for
you to do - REGISTER AND
VOTE.
The Board of Elections is where
you register. The Board of Elec-
tions, in case you have never seen
their address before, is located at
2l7 Superior Street, next door to
the Esquire Theater. When you
register, the clerk at the Board
will tell you where to go to cast
your ballot on election day. 1t re-
quires but a few minutes of your
time, which are not painful, even
without an anesthetic.
Wen try to be back next week
with another blurb, but in the
meantime, how about going to the
Board of Elections and registering.
Political Activities Committee,
Walter Madrzykowski, Chairman,
Tom Burke, Secretary.
Register at 217 Superior ST.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1943-08-27
UCAPAwA ORGANIZER HELD


ORLANDO, Fla.-(FP)-In one
of the most brazen anti-union le-
gal actions ever brought in this
state, Organizer Otis G. Nation
of United Cannery Agricultural
Packing & Allied Workers (CIO)
is being held in $4,000 bond
charged with violating Florida's
new emigrant agent law. He was
charged because the union at
tempted to help harvest needed
war food crops by obtaining farm
workers here for work in New
Jersey.
Detroit evening times., 1943-04-19
French Council
Accord Reported

LONDON. April 19 ms
Fighting French Leader Gen. De
Gaulle and High Commissioner
Gen. Giraud of French Africa have
reached an accord, the Daily Tele-
graph said today.
The paper said Gen. Catroux,
De Gaulle's liaison officer. will
arrive in North Africa shortly 10
bring with him De Gaulle's for
NAL agreement 10 sit with Giraud
in an administrative council.
The council would represent
French interests until France is
liberated, when its people will
choose their government, it was
explained.
THE British radio in a broad
cast heard by CHS. said CatrouN
had arrived in Algiers with De
Gaulle's answers to Girauds pro-
posals for French unity.)
The administrative council
would constitute the only French
rulin gbody and would have It's
seat in Algiers. the Telegraph
said,
Detroit evening times., 1943-04-19
More Gas.
Spain
Asks u. 8.

LONDON, April 19 INS)-
Axis-inspired pressure is being
brought to bear on the United
States to supply more gasoline tc
Spain, the Daily Telegraph re.
ported today.
In a dispatch from Tangier
Spanish Morocco, the paper de-
clared that the Franco govern
ment had sent an ultimatum tc
u. S. Ambassador Hayes threaten
ing to stop the Portuguese ali
mail service from Lisbon to Tan
gier within eight days unless the
service between Madrid. Tctuar
in Spanish Morocco and Teneriffe
in the Spanish Canary Islands re-
ceives more gasoline.
The dispatch added that "it is
believed the Germans, who make
considerable use Of the Iberian
service, are back of the Spanish
attitude.
Ambassador Hayes. in a recent
Barcelona speech, revealed that
the flow of gasoline from America
TO Spain is equal TO the full ca
pacity Of the Spanish tanker fleet
Hayes said that Spain received
more gasoline for non-military
uses than any other European
country.
Detroit evening times., 1943-04-19
.UAW Battles
Wage Freezing
BY JACK CRELLIN
Times Labor Editor

\ CLEVELAND. April 19- The
l22-man UAW-CIO executive board
gathered here today to map a
program 10 influence President
Roosevelt to rescind the April
wage-freeze order.
The board was called into emer-
Igency session by r. J. Thomas,
UAV president.
Also to be discussed is the job
freeze order issued Saturday.
Some members of the board are
expected to propose that an in
Icentive wage plan be offered the
President although the board
voted unanimously against the
plan at the Columbus national
convention.
Walter Reuther. vice president
OF the JAW. is here with a
proposal that the union try to
negotiate an industry-wide wage
agreement with the automotive
management.
Detroit evening times., 1943-04-19
Col. johnson Tells
Small Plant Needs

Gathering an adequate field or
ganlzatlun 10 unraycl complex
problems is the immediate task in
the drive 20 put distressed small
plants 10 work on war contracts.
the Detroit y Economic Club was
told today
The speaker was Col Robert w
Johnson. chairman Of the Smaller
War Plants Corp. and vice chair.
man Of WIPE
The immediate task before
us, ne said "is an adequate
field organization which at pres
ent Is not sufficiently well or
ganized Ia do the job.
The problem IL manageable
and. with the right execution,
the support Of the services,
prime contractors. civil\ govern
ment and a commercial enter
prise, the dfstressed small plants
Detroit evening times., 1943-04-19
Aluminium Men
Threaten Strike

EDGEWATER, n. J.. April 1e
I CUP)-Union officials charged to-
day that the management of the
Aluminium Co. of America plant
here was forcing them to abandon
their mo strike" policy and that it
might be necessary to call gen.
eral walkout Of 5000 employees
tomorrow to protest alleged viola
ton of seniority rights.
The plant is engaged in war
production.
George Binstead, president Of
the Alcoa Local Is of the Alumi-
NUN Workers Of America tCIO),
said more than 1000 employees at
tending a mass meeting yesterday
voted unanimously TO conduct a
strike vote tomorrow.
Detroit evening times., 1943-04-19

OF the nation can be put TO
work"
Col. johnson said the course of
wisdom for large business at this
time is 10 support its smaller COM
petitorS.
Competition in war is differ
ent from compe tition in peace"
Johnson explained. "It IN fire.
quently difficult for manage
ment that has been under the
strain of competitive life for 10
years in depression 20 appreciate
the great change that comes
over an economy the day war
Ia declared"
He said that five plans 20 help
small business have been outlined
and aimed 10 direct the organ.
lzed buying power Of the United
States 10 the support of The dis.
small plants OF the nation.
Detroit evening times., 1943-04-19
Blind z Years, Sight
0fMother Restored

OTTAWA, H.. April 19 (INS)-
Her y years of blindness ended
Mrs, William Nicholson, 43. OF
tawa housewife and mother Of II
children, today planned another
sightseeing trip after returning
from a visit to Chicago.
Mrs. Nicholson. blinded by an
accident in 1881. never lost faith
that she would see again. When
an operation al the Illinois Re-
search Hospital. Chicago. cor
rected the fault. she saw for the
first time three children born dur
ing the dozen years Of blindness.
Detroit evening times., 1943-04-19
Parts Par|ey
0fChrys|er On

Transportation needs OF the
country will be discussed at q
three-day session of 50 field repre-.
Sentatives of the parts division
ChrySler Corp, which opened to-
day in the Detroit Leland Hotel.
The men, coming from practi.
cally every state in the Union. will
be instructed how best to keel
automobiles and trucks rolling
during The war period. according
10 + G. Bahr vice president OF
The division Among speakers will
be c II Scribnfr, director of sales
for the parts division; Bahr Ray
Aver, sales manager, and T. f.
Waterfall, operating manager.
Detroit evening times., 1943-04-19
WBGrdnts
Pay Hike Here

The Detroit WLB office today
approved wage increases for &c
employees in one plant but denied
proposed increases for $50 en-
ployes OF two other plants.
Thirty employees Of the Timken-
Detroit Axle Co.. Detroit were al
lowed an increase in piece-work
rates but the WLB rejected a 5
per cent hike for $50 at the River
side Foundry and Galvanizing Co
and the United States Foundry
Corp, both Of Kalamazoo.
In the case OF the Kalamazoo
plants. the board found no Unequal.
tiles between the rates of the two
companies and other plants in the
area.
Detroit evening times., 1943-04-19
Medals Suggested
For Skilled Farmers

NEW YORK. April 10 INS)-
A suggestion that skilled farmers
who have been exempted from the
draft 10 raise food be provided
with medals Of Identification was
advanced today by o. s. Warden,
publisher Of the Great Falls, Mont,
Tribune.
Warden re comm nde 4 the
medals be inscribed: Armed forces
of the United States-food produc-
ton division
Detroit evening times., 1943-04-19
Italian General Hits
ROmEneI'S Strategy

LONDON. April 10 GNS)-
Gen. Giovanni MeSse. commander
OF the First italian Army in
Tunisia, has made a bitter attack
on Marshal Rommel. according TO
a Madrid dispatch to the Daily
Mail
MeSse published an official ac-
count of the fighting in North
Detroit evening times., 1943-04-19
FLIES BACK, FORTH CALMLY
All Supplies Assured
Victory Gardeners

WASHINGTON, April 19 (INS)
All persons planting victory
gardens were assured today by
the WPB that they will have suffi-
cient tools. fertilizers, insecticides
and fungicides,
In production survey, the WPB
said that supplies of the articles
would be adequate but not eX-
ceSSiVe.
Detroit evening times., 1943-04-19
Engineers Upgrdded
By Pool for War Work

Pooling Of Detroit engineers
whose skills are available 10 en-
ployers in all sections Of the coun-
try was announced by the Society
OF Mechanical Engineers. Robert
l.. Crinnian. president. said II De-
trolt firms are in the pool.
Detroit evening times., 1943-04-19
FAITH IN FACTORY MEN

"Any fears we may have had
that war workers weren't COM
ing through with the production
the fighting forces need for VIC
tory are all gone" Col. Rinaldo
van Brunt, in charge OF the
army contingent, said.
This Is an immense job being
done I'm Detroit-none of the
boys had any idea IL WAS so
vast"
That the UAW had succeeded il
creating a new impression among
the soldiers about unions wa
evidenced during stop at Dear
born Inn, where number of sol
diers made speeches praising TIT
union.
Most of the soldiers never
had seen union in operation"
Blaine Marin, Local 157 official,
explained. They thought union
men went around with clubs In
their hands.
Detroit evening times., 1943-04-19
TuniSian
Air Ruled
by Allies
ALLIED HEADQUARTERS IN

ALLIED HEADQUARTERS IN
NORTH AFRICA, April 19 (INS)
1t. Gen. Spaatz declared today
that Allied planes have won clear
supremacy in the skies over Tu-
nisia and above the Axis European
bases supplying the enemy forces
on this front.
Gen. SpaatZ, deputy commander
in chief of the Allied air forces in
North Africa, told correspondents
that this unchallenged air mastery
had been achieved since the
enemy's Mareth Line was smashed
last month.
From March Is TO April IT In
elusive. Spaatz announced. the
Axis lost at least SIS planes in
this theater, compared with lis
Allied aircraft lost in the same
.period-a margin of nearly three
to one in favor Of the Allies.
$50 HIT ON GROUND
Explaining Gen. Eisenhower
statement that more than twice
as many Axis planes have been de-
stroyed on the ground as shot
down, Spaatz disclosed that or
April 5 at least 80 enemy aircraft
were seen TO have been shattered
or damaged after Allied raids or
seven airdromes.
American planes lost on Tho
ground. he added, do not exceed a
two-figure total.
SINK 1S IN MONTH
Gen. Spaatz revealed that Allied
planes had definitely sunk Is
enemy supply ships in the last
month.
He said American fighter planes
had proved that they are AT leas,
equal TO anything the enemy car
put up American pilots, he added
have also demonstrated that they
are al least the equal of those ot
iany nation"
Detroit evening times., 1943-04-19
DESTROYED 6 VESSELS

In the battle Of the Bismarck
Sea alone. McCullar and his squad
ron accounted for SIN enemy YES
sells confirmed as destroyed
Shortly before Benn was lost. 1t.
Gen. Kenney, commander in chief
of Allied air forces in the South
west Pacific. selected McCullar 10
take command OF what vas then
Detroit evening times., 1943-04-19

Africa that caused a sensation In
Rome, the report said In il the
Italian general directly attacked
Rommels strategy, claiming that
he himself could have saved the
Mareth Line.
The Italian general was said
recently 10 have supplanted Rom
mel as supreme Axis commander
in TuniSia.
Detroit evening times., 1943-04-19
Ban Amherstbure Fishing

The Canadian government Sun
day issued an order prohibiting
fishing from the AmherStburg
dock popular with Dctroiters.
Wartime regulations were given
as the reason.
Detroit evening times., 1943-04-19
Navy Launches
Two Submarines

PHILADELPHIA. April 10
GNSl--TNUo new submarines and
two floating workshops were
launched for the navy yesterday
al the Cramp Shlpyards in Phila-
delpha
KEARNY. y. J.. April 10 INS)
A destroyer and two destroyer
escorts slid down the ways yeSter-
day in launching ceremonies at
the Y. S. Steel's Federal shipyards
in Kearny and Port Newark, ". J.
Detroit evening times., 1943-04-19
Bomber Hero. Crew
Die i'm Freak MiShap

Igenerally considered the weakest
bombardment squadron in this
ltheater.
Within three weeks. McCullar
had raised the squadron to the
leading position in its group anc
in the succeeding weeks il had
Established an overall operational
record unsurpassed by any other
bombing team IN the history OF
the Pacific war.
Gen. Kenney was not only his
commander but his friend. He
said:
'T not only had a high regard
for Ken McCuIlar as a pilot but
personally I was very fond of
him. His loss was a distinct
blow 10 his organization, the
Fifth Air Force, and to me per-
sonally. We can't afford to lose
men OF his caliber.
A BORN LEADER
"Not only was he one OF our
most skilled pilots. but he was
n natural-born leader. His men
liked to follow him. He was a
master craftsman mt the art OF
sinking Jap vessels"
McCullar's persistent daring. his
magnetic and friendly personality
and his unshakeable enthusiasm
for battle had made him one Of
the most respected and most leg
endary figures in KenneyS COM
mand.
On Feb. I, McCullar performed
A feat never before or since
equalled in this area.
His squadron had selected Ra-
baul as its target. In order to give
his men the maximum protection
from the enemy's searchlightS and
powerful anti-aircraft batteries.
McCullar few his Flying Fortress
over Rabaul al a height never
above 400 feet and for nearly
five hours.
FLIES BACK, FORTH CALMLY
With the enemy's entire search
light and ack-ack strength con-
centrated against him. McCullar
calmly flew back and forth over
the city raining bombs and beer
bottles on the target.
During another attack early In
January McCullar destroyed two
Jap vessels with single bomb
Before he entered the air corps
five years ago, McCullar was a
school teacher and athletic coach.
Detroit evening times., 1943-04-19
IS Nuns Killed
As Axis Plane
.BombsConvent

ALLIED HEADQUARTERS IN
NORTH AFRICA, April 10 (INS)
Catholic circles in North Africa
today mourned their grimmest
Palm Sunday tragedy in a genera
tion-the killing of Is nuns and
the wounding OF three others
when an enemy bomb fell upon
an Algiers convent.
Some hundred children and
youths escaped death or injury.
The bodies Of the nuns, killed
during a German raid on Algiers
Saturday night, were lined up
yesterday along a double row in
the improvised chapel of an ad-
jacent orphanage.
MoURNERS FILE BY
All day long lines of churchgoers
filed sorrowfully past the pinewood
caskets. each covered with white
bedsheet with two Easter lilies on
top.
Among those who visited the
chapel was Gen. Giraud, French
commander in chief and voiced his
deep regret over the tragedy.
Those who came 10 the dimly-Iit
chapel. whore the dead nuns lay.
knelt in prayer with Palm Sunday
wax taperS in their hands.
II was a large bomb. according
- 81, 10 c4,
virtually demolished the two-story
brick building where the nuns were
in the second-floor recreation
room. preparing special prayers
for Palm Sunday.
Mercifully. about 100 youngsters
from 4 10 20 and all of them or
phans cared for in an orphanage
operated by the convent. were
taking their meal in an adjoining
refectory building when the bomb
struck. Otherwise. the tragedy
might have been even greater.
The orphanage was administered
by 20 sisters. auXiliarieS OF the
franciscan missionaries OF Ste.
Marie. The sister superior. Mother
Marie DuVal of Quebec and three
other Canadian nuns. as well aS
one Polish and 10 French sisters
were killed.
ONLY g ESCAPE
Three others we're seriously In
iured. Only eight OF the 26 sisters
escaped death or injury.
The enemy plane. which dropped
its death-dealing cargo on the
dcfenselcSs non-military building
before dusk last evening. was seen
by tho Cblldrcns chaplain at the
orphanage. Laddcd Gebiner.
''The plane flew across the
top behind us and dropped the
bomb here" the chaplain said.
''You can see what the direct
hit did here"
The chaplain pointed 10 the
shattered chapel Still affixed IN
the crumbling plaSted Of one wall
was swaying cross.
"It Is the Saddest Palm Sun
4 day for u.s." he continued.
But the children will remain
and attend their classes. After
the burial. The other sisters will
resume their duties. They have
lots of cOurafie."
Burial was 10 be made today.