davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1943-03-14

Every member of the armed forces
soldier, sailor. marine-is vaccinated
against smallpox, typhoid and para
typhoid fevers, and tetanus, or lockjaw.
There has been little or no trouble from
any of these.
Those assigned to areas where yellow
fever. cholera and typhus fever are
found, receive immunization against
those also. A vaccine for use against
plague ("black death') also is available,
but is not given unless a definite out
break of the disease in specific area is
reported.
There have been a rather large num-
ber of cases of dengue, or break bone"
fever, an influenza-like ailment which
also is carried by mosquitoes. Outbreaks
have occurred among our troops in Aus
tralia, and while the sickness doesn't
last more than a few days, it afflicts a
large number of men at time. There
is no drug or medicine for its treatment;
all that can be done Is protect the men
from mosquitoes.
There have been few cases of filari-
asis, a blood parasite disease which also
is mosquito borne. Men In Africa and
in certain of the South Pacific islands
have been exposed to it. There is no
specific treatment for 1t, either; only
elimination OF the insects.
Typhus Is Feared.
Next to malaria. typhus is the most
feared by our military doctors, because
typhus, which is carried by lice, always
has been the great disabling disease of
armies
Our men have been exposed to it in
Africa, and the danger always is present
there.
I'VE know that the best of the typhus
vaccines, which we use, retard the dis
ease and make it milder,' says Gen.
Magee. but they may not prevent Incl
dence Of the diesease, and control of
typhus depends on cleanliness. The
American soldier doesn't get typhus be-
cause he's clean"
Admiral McIntire says that while the
vaccine may not prevent typhus, "it has
cut the death rate from the disease to
almost nothing" He says that = joint
Army-Navy typhus commission, now
Evening star., 1943-03-14
RUSSIAN RELATIONS ARE CLARIFIED

dicated by our fondness for the phrase
; United Nations" are thinking In terms
of interstate organization, Of q revived
and revised League of Nations, perhaps
with teeth" but based essentially on
the fragmented national structure estab.
lished in Europe by the treaty Of Ver-
sailles.
Russias approach to the problem Of
world order is wholly different. It looks
much more toward the establishment Of
governments with kindred philosophy
than toward any mechanical linkage Of
governments with diverse social and
political backgrounds. Trotsky's over
simplified concept of world revolution Is
out, but not so his central idea OF uni
fication through a common outlook
rather than through common processes.
AL of which should remind us. IN good
time, that mere parroting Of the phrase
United Nations" gets us nowhere. There
are forces abroad in the world today
which transcend national lines. They
must be understood before they can be
controlled. That they are not yet well
understood by Americans is something
which Stain has done his best to tell US.
Evening star., 1943-03-14

Another method employs plywood de-
lousing chambers in which the clothes
Of q couple Of squads of men can be
given the gas treatment
Also available are various insect pow
ders which can be busted into the seams
Of the clothing.
The armed forces have great conf
dence in the effectiveness of their yellow
fever vaccine. When the new Army was
being prepared for duty overseas, out
breaks of jaundice believed associated
with the use OF yellow fever vaccine
caused disturbing situation.
Jaundice Cause Puzzles.
Surg. Gen. Magee says the exact cause
OF the jaundice was not determined, but
1t was found that by making a certain
change IN the yellow fever vaccine the
hospital admissions for jaundice associat-
ed with vaccination ceased. In the orig
inal vaccine human serum was used as
nutrient. In the vaccine now used this
has been eliminated
Our fighters in the tropics also have
been exposed to sand fly fever and to an
ailment called schistosomiasis, in the
transmission of which certain snails take
part. Leaches have plagued the men in
the Southwestern Pacific, but way has
been found to chase them away-touch-
ing them with lighted cigarette.
Dysenteries have laid many men low,
but Admiral McIntire says use of the
drug sulfaguanadine has been very ef-
fective.
Shipwrecked mariners and flyers
forced down at sea have met other diff
culties.
Eyes become inflamed from oil as sur
vivors swim from the wreck of a tanker
through oily waters. Intestines are torn
by the shock OF underwater explosions.
Small sores like boils or ulcers break out
on the bodies of men who suffer from Sc
we're exposure to sun, wind and sea. Feet
swell after they have been wet and cold
for several days. The latter ailment is
called immersion foot" and is marked
by appearance of blood or water blisters.
discoloration of the skin and even gan
creme.
Evening star., 1943-03-14
NATURES DIVE BOMBERS PROBLEM FOR ARMY
Mosquitoes, Spreading Mooio. Must Fought Mony Ways
BY Frank Carey,
Associated Press Writer.

"One pound of 1t will kill all the ma
laria and yellow fever mosquitoes in 200,-
600 cubic feet, and it stays in the air
about 20 times longer than ordinary
sprays"
Neither Surg. Gen. James Magee of the
Army nor Surg. Gen. Ross T. McIntire
Of the Navy attempts to minimize the
danger of malaria. Nevertheless, the con-
troll measures in the field, together with
the fortifying drug treatments, have had
encouraging results.
Gen. Magee says that In Africa de-
spite the presence of malaria and "al-
most every disease you can think Of
among the native population the sick
rate among the troops is little more than
l per cent.
Only fragmentary reports regarding
health conditions at Guadalcanal, New
Guinea, the Solomons and Burma have
been received, but an ofiicer Of Gen. Ma
gees department says:
The Army In the continental United
States has the lowest death rate from
disease in our history. and we have as
yet no evidence to the contrary from the
armies in battle areas"
Admiral McIntire says, however, that
the medical departments of the Navy
and Army aren't being lulled into false
sense of security.
We've been very lucky so far" he
says. But now the summer months are
approaching. and from here on in we
may have a great deal of trouble.
I'm Africa, the men up to now have
not been endangered by serious epidem-
les among the native population. More
over, there has been time to take prac-
tical measures to drive out mosquitoes
in many areas, and to protect the men
against typhus and other diseases that
have their foundation in uncleanliness. +"
Here is the broad picture with regard
to diseases as they relate to our fighting
men:
Evening star., 1943-03-14
Continued From Page BID

mitted member Of the United Nations
grouping. 1t is to avoid the possibility
of eventual disillusionment that the dis
tinction should be kept in mind And
the risk of this is now openly voiced, in
somewhat exaggerated and sensational
terms, by no less an authority than
Vice President Wallace, who, in his
speech of March s, said:
unless the Western democracies and
Russia come to a satisfactory under
standing before the war ends, very
much fear that World War No. 3 will be
inevitable. Without close and trusting
understanding between Russia and the
United States there is grave probability
of Russia and Germany sooner or later
making common cause
The first step in that essential under
standing would seem to be realization
that the Russian postwar political out
look is very different from that which
Great Britain and the United States may
be said TO have IN common.
The Anglo-Saxon democracies, a. In
Evening star., 1943-03-14
African Front

Gen. Sir Bernard Law Montgomery,
the modern Oliver Cromwell, whose
pride is his 8th Army, boldly predicted
the doom of his old enemy last week,
Field Marshal Rommel. In the middle
OF Tunisia, with an American English
French force to the northwest of him
and the 8th Army feeling out the Mareth
Line to the south of him, Rommel last
week risked an attack on the 9th and
was repulsed. Exultant, Montgomery told
his soldiers:
This is the very opportunity we
want. Not only are we we'll equipped
with everything we need, but in addi-
ton the soldiers of the 9th Army have
fighting spirit and morale which right
now Is on the top line. We will stand
and fight the enemy in our present
positions. There must be no Withdrawals
anywhere and, of course, no surrender
The enemy has never yet succeeded
in any attack against a coordinate de-
fensive layout and he will not do so
now. We have plenty of tanks, pro-
vided defended localities hold firm.
Then We will smash the enemy attack
and cause him such casualties that
it will cripple him. We will, In fact,
give him a very bloody nose
ut will then be our turn to attack
him. And having been crippled him
self, he will be unable to stand up
to our attack and we will smash right
through him.
This attack of the enemy therefore
really helps us and is one more step
forward toward the end of the war in
North Africa. I did not expect for one
moment the enemy would attack us;
it seemed absurd. But he has done it
and we must show our gratitude in
no uncertain way. Let us show him
what the famous 9th Army can do.
Good luck to each of you and good
hunting"
There you have a good schedule of
coming events in Africa. Far to the
north above the Mareth Line the armies
OF Col Gen. Won Arnim opened last week
occupying the town of Sedjenane, near
the coast, which he took from the Allies
However, the soldiers in the 1st Army,
waiting in that area for the propitious
time to attack Won Arnim, were other
wise not budged. The cost of the war in
Africa to the United States was made
plain last week by Secretary of War
Stimson, who revealed that during the
week from February IA to February 20,
when Rommel was undertaking the at
tack that carried him almost to Algeria
against lightly held regions in American
Ia,, n N
killed, l76 wounded, 2,007 missing.
Evening star., 1943-03-14
<oov and Smon Drives Hold Spotlight Slug
Americas Goth Week of War
184th Week of World War II
Bv Blair B0Hes

me purposes OF Germany in fighting the hdeou war that spills the whole
the
himself
United States Acting State disclosed that
Evening star., 1943-03-14

working In the Near East. is hopeful"
OF producing vaccine that actually will
prevent typhus.
The Army has several new measures
Tor combating typhus by killing lice-by
the delousing OF soldiers clothing.
There's an individual method by which
soldier can delouse his own duds. This
Is done by jamming the clothes into a
little bag and then placing in the bag a
small vial filled with methyl bromide gas.
The bag Is pulled tight, the glass vial is
broken by whack from the outside and
released gas kills the lice In about a
half hour.
Evening star., 1943-03-14

said the bombs are falling on Germany
at the rate of more than 10000 tons a
month and that 1000 tons have been
dropped in March.
The air fighters rely on photographs
OF the bombed regions to inform them
about the extent of the damage done,
but at best these are unsatisfactory in
formants and a long process of intel
hgence work is required to judge with
reasonable accuracy just how effective
the air raids are. Ten thousand tons a
month means an average of only $50
tons night. A thousand tons a night
might shake Germany from her moor
ingS
Evening star., 1943-03-14

dynsmited the frozen rivers and piled up
their ice in walls to block the Russians
Timoshenko, more at home in such cold
regions than the invaders, sent his SOL
diers across the frozen lake itself.
In all these operations, despite the
steady progress of the Soviets, the week.
to-week advances seem
kussion Speed infinitesimal when they
Now Gone are compared with the
vast distances which are
common to Russia and which the Rus
sian armies must cover if they are to
reach Germany or even the old Russian
western frontiers. Since the reconuuest
OF the Kuban early in the winter and
the march from Voronezh to Kursk and
Kharkov, the astonishing Russian speed
has evaporated. The speed went into
reverse last week when the Germans,
as the highpoint of counteroffensve in
the Donets Basin region, approached
Kharkov once more.
The Germans gave up Kharkov q
month ago almost without struggle. A
few troops there were sacrificed before
the city to make possible it's orderly
evacuation by the Germans. 1t is rich
stronghold industrially, the site of
Ukrainian heavy industry. Since the fall
OF Kharkov the Russian drive in the
Ukraine has not developed we'll Red
armies have pressed toward Poltava, but
they encountered great resistance. The
Soviets' drive southwark toward the Sea
OF Azov came to nothing. Once they
had given up trying to defend Rostov
and what lay east and south of it the
Germans began to show strength, which
became unpleasantly forceful about
week ago. First, they retook Lozavoya,
south Of Kharkov and from there, with
reported Is divisions, began the drive
that has landed them at Kharkov,
Evening star., 1943-03-14

fierce cold and thick blankets of snow
In Tunisia the determination to post
pone Germany's date with unavoidable
defeat was noted. In the south Field
Marshal Erwin Rommel butted the head
of his mechanical army against the
waiting British 9th Army in order to
delay the time for the 8th's northward
advance. In the north, Col Gen. Jurgen
Won Arnim time and again during the
week threw forces against the firmly
established Britishers in the 1st Army
spread over the crags and forests of the
slush-covered mountains. They sought
not the conquest of Tunsia for the Third
Reich, but simply delay in the Allied con-
quest of Tunisian territory
The old dreams summoned up by
Hitler under the spell of Haushofer and
his geopolitics, for a German suprem-
acy on earth, have vanished No more
does Germany employ the blitzkrieg-
the lightning war Her fight is organized
now to hold off the lightning. Germany
Is battling for time, to weaken the will
OF her enemies for complete victory.
Reports came last week that Berlin has
transferred more than 100000 troops
from Western Europe to Russia to hold
back the Red tide. To prevent the spread
of defeatism and apathy among the
troops fighting Russia, the Germans
last week hanged number of Italian
soldiers from gibbets that were found
by the advancing Soviet troops. These
weekly reports are only as adequate as
the information currently available can
make them, and the unavoidable omis
sion that occurs in them every week
is information about the state of affairs
within Germany. The Reich was bombed
last week at Munich and Nuremberg.
We can surmise that the military people
have taken control of the conduct Of
the war and of German life from Nazis,
and we can surmise that these military
people will conduct campaign Of war
fare that will show much more wisdom,
ability and strength than the Nazis
could show under similar circumstances.
But what we do not know is how much
longer the German on the street can
stomach the war and its defeats. For
the Allies, break in the clouds is in
sight. Anthony Eden. the British For
eign Minister, arrived here Friday for
conversations with American officials
about matters which relate primarily
to the postwar world.
Evening star., 1943-03-14

A new occupational hazard for flyers
quinine buzz-has developed out of meas
ures to combat malaria in tropical war
zones.
It's result of taking quinine as
protection against malaria; usually it be-
comes evident in buzzing in the ears.
Ground fighters aren't bothered to any
great extent, but air force doctors have
found that the buzzing sometimes makes
it difficult for aviators to hear their
radios while flying
So, says Brig. Gen. David Grant, air
surgeon of the Army Air Forces, careful
study is being made of individual flyers
Evening star., 1943-03-14

to determine their tolerance Of quinine
and to learn to what extent buzzing is
caused.
Some men get more of buzzing SEN
sation than Others" he said, land in such
cases the synthetic substitute for quinine
--atabrine-is used either in combina-
ton with small dose of quinine or as
alternative for it.
But care also must be employed in
the use of atabrine with flyers, to make
sure it doesn't have i'll effects on them at
high attitudes. Here again, it Is a case
of individual study"
This unexpected hazard is only one Of
the factors that have made malaria the
most serious medical problem facing the
armed forces.
The struggle has been complicated by
the fact that the disease sometimes is
difficult to diagnose. British doctors have
reported from battle areas that malaria
may be confused with a variety OF condi-
tions-sunstroke appendicitis. bronchitis,
pleurisy, intestinal obstruction, even al
coholism!
Titanic efforts are being made in war
zones to check the disease by killing mos
qultoes In one area of Africa which
had a rainfall of 80 inches in a six-month
period, every pool in a radius of two
miles was oiled and then busted with
paris green and sand. But sometimes
this approach may be hampered by a
native chief who argues that the pools in
his bailiwick are far too sacred to get
a dose of paris green.
Set Up Malaria Teams.
Drainage of stagnant pools and chop
ping down of trees are other methods to
eliminate the "skeeters" Both the Army
and Navy have malaria teams" which
work in suspected areas. To determine
the intensity of the disease, identify the
mosquito responsible, learn its specific
habits-some mosquitoes like stagnant
pools, others like swift-moving streams
and set up plan of action.
But in battle areas it often is impos-
sible or impracticable to carry on elabo-
rate methods of eliminating mosquitoes.
Neither is it always practical for fight
ing men to wear mosquito nets, gloves
and other protective clothing, because a
net may hamper vision in the jungle,
and gloved hand may not be quick at
the trigger.
So in such cases, chief reliance Is
placed on quinine, or the substitute
atabrine. Neither keeps man from
getting malaria, but they fortify him so
that the disease is kept in dormant or
suppressive stage. Thus the man can go
on fighting until there is opportunity for
more extensive care.
New and improved mosquito repellents
also are available to our fighters. Some
of these can be rubbed on the skin in
the form of liquids, or greaseless oint-
ment or patted on clothing
But one of the latest developments is
bomb-like container developed through
the Office of the surgeon general of the
Army from which a chemical is forced
by gas pressure when the container is
up-ended. The neutrality-suspicious.
comes out as fog or a mist, and can be
used as an insect killer In tents, barracks,
airplanes-or foxholes.
This spray is one OF the most promis-
ing things We have in fighting malaria
and other mosquito-borne diseases. !"
says Comdr. r. j. Carter OF the Navy's
bureau Of preventive medicine.
Evening star., 1943-03-14
Russian Front

On OCTOBER IA, 194l, the Soldlers OF
the Axis entered the city of Vyazma on
their way to Moscow, 130 miles away.
On March IL, l943. they gave up Vyazma,
with Moscow still out of reach. The
fall of Vyazma was made almost GER
tainty in the early weeks of the current
great Russian offensive. which began in
the middle of last November. For two
months it has been almost isolated, and
the fall of RZhev, linked by rail to
Vyama, two weeks ago spelled the doom
of wanna. The fall of Vyazma spelled
the doom of a more interesting town
6molensk
Smolensk is the first large city in Rus
sian territory which the traveller comes
to when he is
Smolensk Sealed going east from
kopoIeon's Doom Northeastern Po-
land. 1t is an
ancient center. and the Nazis have been
using it as their main base of central
front operations. Some onwatchers OF
the Russian war have taken heart in the
fact that Napoleon's Russian finish was
sealed at Smolensk, and perhaps the
that Smolensk will be the Axis amen
In the Soviet Union. Rather they can
be expected to summon what strength
they have left to put every possible OBJ
stacle in the way of q Red forward
march from Smolensk to Poland.
The capture of Smolensk itself is, in
prospect, no cinch. The capture of
WANNA put the Reds 100 miles east of
Smolensk, on the railway that crosses
the headwaters of the Dnieper River,
goes through the town Of Dukovshina
and then bends slightly southwark to
reach Smolensk. Another column be-
sides that in wanna threatens Smo-
lensk Reds are 30 miles to the northeast
of the city coming from the town of
Belly Izvestia, the Moscow newspaper,
said that the army proceeding from Belly
was using a tactic which involves send
ing small detachments ahead to break
into settlements and hold them in the
path Of the enemys retreat until the
main Red forces approach.
The news about the fall of wanna
which made possible the launching of the
EcCCIlu ullNc to"dIu CIIlOlellSh-Cdllb
first from the Germans, who reported
that after they quit the city, their planes
attacked it with incendiary and explo-
sive bombs from the air Berlin claimed
that the city no longer has strategic
value, but the fact that its loss both
deprives the Axis of base and improves
the Soviet opportunity for taking Smo-
lensk gives the lie to the German pre-
tense.
Successful development OF the Smo-
lensk drive could threaten with isolation
the AXIS armies fighting on what is des-
ignated the northern front of the Rus
sian theater. This is not the far north
ern front that stretches from Lake
Ladoga to the White Sea region, but the
front south of Leningrad whose most
active sector is around Lake linen. Near
the lakes southern shore is Starava Rus
sia, where the Germans have a strong
base. and this is the objective of Mar
shal Timoshenko. There is the war of
frozen men. Progress around Lake linen
normally is impeded by the many little
rivers that run into it. They are frozen
now and can serve as highways instead
of hazards. But the Germans last week
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1943-04-21
NORTHWEST PASSAGE

Editor. The Citizen:
During recent years | have
preached the subject of our North
west Passage. l know these wa
tiers, having seen many of the
beacons erected and buoys eStab-
liShed.
Between Key West and Tortu-
gas is an expanse of ocean that
is treacherous - the bleaching
bones of old wrecks and salvaged
ships bear mute testimony to this
statement.
Pirates of another nature lay in
wait for our merchant shipping
THE U-BOAT. There is no denial
we have anchorage of utmost inn
portance. Ships sailing 70 certain
Cuban ports entering the Yucatan
Channel, would eliminate the in
tested sixty miles to Tortugas.
When the war is over and the toll
is made known in ships and men
| believe the cost of providing a
ships channel of at least forty feet
in the Northwest would have in
decd been small
The costliest part of the project
is complete-the jetties. 1t IS cas-
Ter for submarines to lash in from
the Atlantic quarter. Ships could
elude much of the menace by us
ing the channel
Harbor facilities are military OBJ
jectives, therefore military secrets.
But the waters of the Northwest
could have been bought for Is
cents on a map from Coast and
Geodetic before hostilitjes. H1
Northwest could readily BE xef
ened-sh unable to proceed s
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1943-04-21
ROPES ORUM

could transit and save miles of
dangerous travel, irreplacabla
cargo and precious lives.
This is far more important than
the Florida Snip Canal-that is. a
dream, we have a reality Stark
facts and war figures. The tide Of
victory may sonleday not he with
us. Presuming it was necessary
to rush large units to the West
Coast of the United States. except
to certain craft this passage lis
closed. We're the depth there,
many ships could be rushed
through and probably prevent
disaster. This would be a peace
time investment. Ships of large
tonnage would make Key West "a