davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1943-05-04
Church Federation Panel
TO Discuss Proqrams

The 23rd annual meeting of the
Washington Federation OF Churches,
which will be held at pm. Monday
in the presidential ballroom of the
Statler Hotel, will feature panel
discussion on "Is the Church Pre-
pairing America for Tomorrow.
Taking part in the discussion will
be DR.. Roswell Barnes, associate
general secretary of the Federal
Council of Churches; DR.. Walter
Judd, representative from Mime
sofa; Dean w. S. Nelson of the
School of Religion, Howard Uni
versity; Justice Bolitha Laws, Dis
trict Court, and Mrs j. B Calkins,
vice president of the YWCA and
member of the local board.
DR.. Oscar Blackwelder, president
of the federation and pastor of the
Church Of the Reformation. will
preside and present the annual
award to Washington's outstanding
Evening star., 1943-05-04

had no face left after that and had
to admit defeat to their people
openly.
Torpedo 8 figured in all these pas
sionate and terrible battles.
Fight on Save Island.
Late in the night Of october II
naval gunfire heralded the begin
ing Of the third battle of the Solo
mons. It was q coal black night
The muzzle flashes streaked it, spo-
radically at first, then steadily as
Admiral Norman Scott's force found
the range of the enemy and found
his soft meat
The fight was of Savo Island
That night, the Marines started
calling Iron Bottom Bay "Sleepless
Lagoon" Distance muted the fe-
rocious crack of the guns into some
thing soft and rolling like kettle
drums. Once In a while, q lurid
Evening star., 1943-05-04

orange light blew up into the mus-
sle flashes and hung in it Ike =
Chinese lantern In . lightning
storm. That was . ship exploding.
The guns awakened the fellows
and they got out Of their tents and
sat on the edges OF dugouts and
vached the play of the battle in
the sky. I'VE ought to 60 down to
the beach," Katz said. And Earnest
said, that was right. they ought to,
there was a hundred-million dollar
drama going on down there and
they could have front-row seats.
But nobody went down to the
beach. They were all too tired to
move. They wanted to save their
energy for battle.
/ After about Is minutes the muzzle
flashes began to dwindle OIL. Then
five minutes later they stopped and
there was silence. The night came
down sweet and calm over the arena.
The fellows sat . little while In the
silence, waiting to see what would
happen. Hansen sat with head
bowed over his chest and eyes
Evening star., 1943-05-04
Attack land Vengeance! The Story Of Torpedo

its air power. Then. that done, their
troops could land at will and their
ships could be unloaded at leisure.
The Japs scored . partial success
in that battle. Their first attempt
to lombard Guadalcanal. the night
Of October 11-12, was met OIL Savo
Island by units of our fleet. This
was the action in which the cruisers
Salt Lake City and Helena distin-
guished themselves so greatly and
the Boise suffered such cruel pun
ishment. The Japs put six of their
ships on the bottom of Iron Bot
tom Bay that night and ran away,
and our task force withdrew. But
the Japs came back again the next
night, and that was where they
scored their partial success. Our
Navy was not there to meet them.
Air power had to do the job alone,
and the bulk of our air power never
got out from under the Jap naval
guns.
Loss Of the Hornet.
Tojo managed to land part Of his
invasion force. Evidently he be-
lieved that he had landed in over
whelming strength, for In the action
beginning October ~ and enduring
through the early hours OF october
u he hit with it. That was the
fourth battle for the Solomons in
which we lost the carrier Hornet
and destroyer, while the Japs suf-
fered damage to two of theil car
riers and to other warships which
our Navy refrains cautiously from
claiming as sunk.
The days between the third and
fourth battles were spent by the
Japs in deploying their forces and
were spent by us in feeling them
out and bombing and shelling them.
In the battle itself, the Japs fought
with tanks, artillery, bayonetting in
fantry and planes on land and with
warships and planes at sea. We
fought them off. The Japs made a
eak-through to the airfield on
land and stripped us Of our air
power at sea. But then, they had to
withdraw. Their strength had been
depleted, as the military phrase is
for sweeping up all the dead into
one bundle.
So the Japs had to try again.
They went back to their original
October II pattern and on Novem-
Der II moved again for the nth and
climactic battle for the Solomons.
This time our Navy met them in
every play they made and the result
was total disaster-28 ships sunk
more than the Germans and the
British combined lost at JutlandD, i,
anywhere from 10000 to $4,000 dead.
We lost seven destroyers and two
cruisers. but the Japs gave up on
Guadalcanal after that. They are
people, who for political reasons,
value face more than lives, but they
Evening star., 1943-05-04
BY IRA WOLFERT.
CHAPTER, XIII.

I11hT i Gskt AAAAA.
They found they Japs at 7:25 In
the morning, ITS miles from Lunga
Point. There were a few clouds
in the sky, but they were too high
up for the torpedo planes to use
Larsen, Earnest, Barnum, Hanson
Ries and Evarts we're on that run
The ships were in two columns,
one cruiser and two destroyers to
eacf, column. They picked out the
lead ship in the port column.
Swede used two commands.
Form column" he said first. Then
he said, "Close up" After that, he
tore for the target.
The dive bombers had dropped
their fifth bomb, by that time and
burning planes were beginning to
fall. One of them auttered by
Swede just as he was in the up
ward twirl of corkscrew maneu.
yer. It came so close that he could
see the pilot with his forehead rest
Ing peacefully on the instrument
board-dead, probably, but looking
like a man sleeping The sight
threw off Swede's arithmetic. He
had had only a brief flash and he
couldn't tell whether it was a Jap
or one of his friends. (The odds
are that it was Jap because eight
of their planes were shot down in
those few minutes of attack by our
10 fighters while we lost only one.)
But that odd and tragic picture OF
the man resting peacefully through
the last moment before a crash into
the sea disintegrated him, clung in
Swede's mind tenaciously through
the whole assault.
The fellows don't think they hit
anything that day. They were too
tired. Their ref1exes were too slow
and the arithmetic of death got
numb in them and would not move
tor them. They let the business go
as "a probable hit on stern Of light
cruiser"
The next day, October II, the
bloodiest, most desperate month IN
the history of our Navy began.
Terrific Jap Losses.
During the month, running from
October II, 1912, to November IS,
the japanese Navy suffered the
greatest catastrophe ever inf1ict-
ed on any great navy up to that
time. They were the attacking
force. having by far the superior
strength. They formed their own
pattern for destruction.
The month broke down into three
separate actions, each connected
with the other and dependent on the
other but each marked by a short
breathing spell for regrouping and
remaneuvering On october II the
Japs elaborated a pattern of attack
which they we're to duplicate again
on November II. From october q
to October q they fought battle
the type of which they never again
would have a chance to duplicate
on Guadalcanal.
The battle, beginning october II
known as the third battle for the
SolomonS. was primarily a sea and
air action designed to land an over
w.lelming invasion force on Quad
elcanal as reinforcements for the
attachments already landed by the
Toxic Express. The tactics were
simple. The Japs sent warships on
ahead of the main force to bonn
bard Guadalcanal and knock out
Evening star., 1943-05-04

Christian layrnan. The winner Of
last years award was Col. William
o. Tufts, prominent civic leader.
The panel discussion will be pre-
ceded by short business meeting
and the election Of officers.
Evening star., 1943-05-04
Ordinance Aids Tin Drive

KANSAS CITY (P.-City Coun-
cilmen heard WPB plea to save
metal. and tentatively approved an
ordinance prohibiting hauling of tin
cans over city streets to dump
Penalties: IS to $25 fine and 80
days in jail.
Evening star., 1943-05-04

Squadron 8 halts Jdps' attempt
to take MidWay Island in terrific
bottle, only one plane suruiuing.
1t. Suede" Larsen reorgantses
squadron and breaks up 80-ship
assault on GuGdalcandl. Sinks
heavy cruisers in more attacks.
Veterans die heroicdHy tn night
and fO0.
La gaceta., 1943-11-25
De Vista en- Tampa
81 Teniente General
Tovarias Arroyo

Lego aver d Tampa, Elendo
recibido con grandes IGNORES NIL
litares, 81 teniente general Me-
nueI Tovarias Arroyo, iefe De la
fuerza atrea De Il Repdbliea De
Chile.
Unos trescientos ayiones Dc Lee
bases de Is Florida eruzagAn hoy
al mediodia sobre Il aer6dromo
de MacDill, m0viendo aus alas en-
carinoso saiudo.
El distinguldo viaisante paao
revisga d Toe photos, aver, en
union DE- los brigadieres genera
les Westside 4. Larson, conan
dante az Is Tereera Fuerza A.
rea. y Thomas D. White, jefe De
estado mayor.
Ia rsyista empez6 POGO des
Dnss de- que 81 ayi6n tFansporte
del general habia aterrizado en-
Drews Field, q les $50 DE- Y
tarde.
81 Ii hizo an salndo Dc ~
ca6onazos y IA banda de Drew to-
~ y himno naeionaI ebileno.
rs il Hotel Tampa Terrace e
.Ie ofreci6 anoehe IN bangoete,
Drssidido por 81 general Larson.
ii ilustre yisitante F lee jaes
5 ofieiales que le aeompailan.
ssis diferentes apea g ay'o
mes partieiparan sn = gran S
'rasa atrea De boz.
La gaceta., 1943-11-25

ORES, Nov. 25.-El nue.
de estadO mayor del ej6r-
hanO, mariscal. Giovanni
Sc propOne purgar 81 eisr
estituir a los oficiales in-
mites y de peligrosas ideas
tarea principal, dijo, 81
liar el eiercito"
mand6 el Primer Ejerci-
anO en- Tunicia y fue 81
general en- rendirse.
tomo parte en- Ia politica.
buevo gObierno, sea socia-
comunista, me confla FL
desempehare mi tarea IS
70 no soy IN
| Soy un sOldado'
tropas del Octave E
apoderaron aver de ~
y Alfedena, poblaciones
Sangro, ceEca del centric
linea de batalla.
svance desde Castiglione,
el general Montgomery
'nta Ia capture, en- pro-
ID, de mas de diez millas.
millas separan al Octave
b de Roma y ochenta q
Eiercito, mandado por II.
! Clark.
nso es el duelo De ardIle
Ell area de venafro-P ozzi
tales de IL marina italiana
aver que el gran tras
60 "Conte ri Savoia" est6
ler de los alemanes y bien
ado en- Venecia.
que los nazia Ia de
! cuandc 10 estimen 0por-
para que no caiga Ell podar
aliados.
La gaceta., 1943-11-25
CAPTURADA IA
ISLA DE BETIO
Hundidos 4 los Japoneses Cuatro
Destruckores

WASHINGTON, Nov. IS.
Con Ia captura de Il isle de Be-
ito, en- 81 grupO coraldero De
Tarawa, Sc complete aver e do-
mimic az las isIas Gilbert. Los
restos de- las guarniciOnes japo-
nesas son perseguidos en- Maxim
y Abemama.
Hieieron los nipones an deses-
perado contraataque, e martes,
nero Ia infanteria de marina des-
embarcada en- Betio no solt6 So
presa. Murieron en- Betio unos
cuatro mil soldados enemigos. Se
.hicieron muy pocos prisioneros.
Buques ngeros Dc Il escuadra
americana hundieron cuatro des-
tructores iaponeses ' hundieron
nm ouinto al amanecer de hoy.
I'm sexto destructOr logr6 esea-
parse.
Los americanos peFsiguieron g
epemivo hasta sus propias aguas.
Todos los buques a~merieanos re-
0reaaron q sus bases, sln aVeEias
La gaceta., 1943-11-25

aefensas han sido r~epulaaaoA
Nnestros artilleros, infanteEia
tanuuistas le ocasionaron gran
heias al enemigo = melo-
rar0n sus posieionea
Horas antes d radio &c beEnn
tebsa anunciado j. captara &c
Brssilov q mitad de ealasno sn-
- zhitOmir = Kiev, y 0asEnsa
khcv. pobIaei6n fsrFoear1ils1s 2
q milIas por 81 norts g 1na-
tomlfr.
Adnits 81 mando ruso 2
r..a i Ia Pkgina uitina)
La gaceta., 1943-11-25
UNI GOMANDANTE
N ALTRATO 4 UN
+ 0 0 G RAF 0
Ocurri6 Cuando 81 Fot6gra-
"a Querfa Obtener Permiso
para Fotografiar IN IncendiO

OAKLAND, Cal, Nov. 25.-El
diario "The Post Enquirer" d.
&c que 81 comandante Everett J.
Neuteboom, del servieio de fabri-
caci6n de armas, he sido amones-
tado y Sc le ha ordenado de- una
satisfaction a Howard Robins,
I'm fot6grafo del peri6dieo, q
quien 81 comandante le peg6 y
amenaz6 cuando trataba de OBJ
tener permiso para fotogratiay
lin incendio.
IA am0nestaes6n ID hlzo pol
81 mayor general McCoach, 60.
mandante del Noveno servicio,
destacado en- Fort Douglas, Utah.
81 comandante, segdn So jefe, he
arrojado descredito sobre 81 mis-
mo y actu6 sin motive 81
echar del lugar del sueeso q IN
periodista".
La gaceta., 1943-11-25

80, Nov. 25.A Ats m
Alev, segdn an comun
Eiercito Roio, I'm ala
-1Aean hoy furiosamen
saes' aviaci6n Z niant
stencia es formidable
.s0 eontenidoa todos Ios
-a0a eSfuerzos de las ho
nanda e. ~aariscal
20 Asnnstein.
sn del mando ruso
adO al:
e intsntoa az los
a penetrar
La gaceta., 1943-11-25
Principe Don Juan AdOrabG
Ell FGSciSmO y Sc BYIMdO al Gen.
Como Official de Marina
La AIianza E~spahola pOr un Mundo Libre
Efectu6 IN BrilIantisimo Acto en- 81
Teatro del Centre Asturiano.

Ia Albania kapahola per an
Mundo Libre, eapitulo ae Tam
pa, ofreei6 anoehe un bnliantis
simo acto ca q Centrs Assuria-
no, & teatEo neno.
"A ms 0s9e &c descorFi6 81 le-
Ion v empen6 ! eumplirse d pro-
grama anuneiaao.
Presidia nueatr0 director, M.
victoriano Manteiga, y junto q
81 > 3 haIlaban sentadon Il ilus-
ire visitante, minissro de essaao
de Il Rep6bliea Espahola, Don
Julio Alvarez Del Vayo, y Ale
iandro Inelkn. presidente a. h
Junta de CultuFa y aecretagio O.
Ia Alianza.
0cupaban lugarea de honor laa
representations del Centre A.
|turiano. Centso Eapahol. Cirenlo
|Cubano. Caballersa Leaisa ae.
Am6rica. Unione Itailana, IA
Fraternidad. Cultural del Centre
'Obrero. Cemitk Conanltiyo Cen
iunto, Caballoxoa del Aguila de
.Oro, Prensa loeal nniones obro-
rss y erupos cue anhelan q res
tablocimienlo de j. Repdbisa en-
EspaAa.
Abri6 81 aeto Il eehor Man
.teiga, ouien pronuneio nn breve
discurso AZ reilrit j ~ obFa de
.ia retaeuardia IL Tampa eli los
ahos de 1895 ! 1893 Desputs
aradeci6 Il apoyo que daban Al
acto las soeiedaaes, logias CO..
iectividades obreraa y pFesent6 81
senior Alvarez DEL Vayo, 3 quien
se tribute una sincere oyacl6n.
Empez6 dieiends que agrade
cia Is invitaci6n de la Alianza y
que 81, 81 sos yisitas 3 Tampa,
encuentra sienpEe aliehto. ia
mas note yo denfalleeimiento, en-
I'll pueblo, IL les afos AZ nueatra
epopeya'.
Dijo que detestaba q yoeabio
"dirieentee", en euanto q Espaha,
La gaceta., 1943-11-25

DALEDA, anhelanke, neF
viosa, Ias perlas g enc
dfentes suaveu %
d;eron mi wauo
cerraste IOs ojo hkrc
oued6 d presa = kus -
bios se entreahg
Juntas las be ne
diiisie que habia Aega-
10 q Ga eoraxon
oIeada de
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1943-01-07
Mckinney on Bridge

bridge. Back in 1881, vhsn ths
national contract mixed pair
championship was inaagnfatsd.
Ars billiard donated the trophy
which II awarded annually for
this event. she retired from
tournament bridge for several
years, but started 10 play again
IN . littis over . year ago and
won several important champion.
ships since. Now shs has topped
IL of with the national title.
II IL often ssid that when nrsL
Hilliard doubles. you stay doubled
--ss she demonstrates in the hand
shown today. After taking the
ace Of diamonds. Mrs billiard
East shifted 70 a heart. Her
partner won with the king and
led the queen Of diamonds North
played the king and Mrs. billiard
ruffied with the deuce q clubs.
A second heart put West back In
70 cash the jack Of diamonds
Then a fourth diamond Was led
and the kind Of clubs Was bound
70 make The declarsr was set
four tricks.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1943-01-07
A DOUBLE CHECK

Each quota Of drafted men Was
then re-exsmined al the induction
centers Of which there were about
125. and here the Army did see
TO IL that there was a qualified
psychistrist 10 double check the
men passed by the local boards.
Under this double screening. men
rejected for psychistric reasons
numbered about five or ak 10 the
hundred To-day. under new
methods Of examination. with
only the most documentary check
al local draft boards bV, with
much more careful check at the
induction centers, the number Of
men rejected a. mentally or ner-
yously unsuitable for army life
runs as high a. So per cent.
Most soldiers being indicted
into the Army have probably not
been aware that they were being
psychsd. They may have noted
that the man 81 the END Of the
examining row, the last doctor 70
give them a going over. mas osen
a kindly man who had been con
tent 70 ask couple o. innocent
questions. This last doctor would
Of course have the advantage Of
physical examinations made oy
officers 81 the head Of the Ire.
and OF the mans card would Be
reports on heart, lungs. rsflezes
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1943-01-07
Questions
and
Answers

OILS tho Victory Tsx conn
puisory savings plan primarily .
meney-raisns features forced
loan n the government
A-Partiy. Even more u y IN
snfi-infiation MEASURE 70 hslp
mop 10 exosss income winch
might boost prices.
Q--As the bulk a ths p<opis
~ North Africa. wnsrs Amess-
Gan troops are stationed. are
Mosisms what 10 tbsir principal
drink. BESIDES wsfsrf
A-Aicohoiic drinks beinx for
hidden BY thsir religion. the chief
tippls 10 coffee. which originated
IN Abyssinla.
Q Does eoffss have any nutn-
tional yalusf
A-No.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1943-01-07
; The Listening Post
Child Labor o. K. 1--WE Uss Hsvss ssoss
Bus vsry pssssreus " We Go 70 Extremes
Rssisns snd Germans Hsvs Fresh Trieks
Some Nssiens Leek OF Tor No. Firss

t<su<a - usfh s>xerx1 ernor -
hicie< N nk< pr>dlcamen<.
Machines srs formed b = >1rete
and sna~. inGk ErHvel deorio
and <tss<< are tHnnsd ssem1
usnl rh>n th<y are un>d -
rs'nfpFrrd pAil rnz-s = uH.rh -
feuten srews ho'd o. 70 Ne lael
csrsrsdee sven shc<t6n ne No.
csvst>> swe~p peee. tn ns1nnInn
h>sr sHnses sdv~n<e vsry ~ -
long - th>ee stes1 pnfe~pfa>s
remain - : tnreet
,,-..< 49, 1880
- --s.s - ...s- -
~-.
$3.50 s.s...-S
.InlIGv a curs ~ no~~sr.1.
Amsr,e.n var sh> 1pt1.fa Co..
80. "A rcsw snis ~nnf,,~t 49,
.rssr.f. snsf =. a.. $1,000
ovsr.>e. soxsvruers. ~. ucr-
nss,rue5lx s.,s.r~ot~<~a nv
Ieos s,.t s.x n,.on~~ o.
s...z-~ -...~--....-
= 1---s.a -.
~. =. - ~" - -
-,-.s-. - ~
~ y - 49,
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1943-01-07
BY T.. 7. SHORT

This day. Jan. 8, 50 years ago.
1900 husky tracklayers turned
out Of the bunk houses in the
Cascade mountains and started
on the job of laying 5000 feet
Of rails before dark. Their in
tenuons were good and they
worked heroicslly. but darkness
caught up with them and the last
several hundred feet were laid
by the light Of flares and
torches.
At 3 o'clock the last rail was
laid. and Ben Shields. general
superintendent of the Great
Northern railway, representing
President James J. Hill, drive the
last spike In a rail that connect
ed two sections Of a new trans
continental railway near the sum-
init Of the Cascades. That makes
this day the 50th birthday of the
Great Northern.
Ordinarily a 50th anniversary
Is reasonable cause for a celebra-
ton Of some sort or another. but
right now everybody connected
with the Great Northern is too
busy transporting ammunition
and tanks and troops for the
army to give the occasion more
than a passing thought.
Tacoma didn't pay much at
tention to what was a momentous
event and marked an epoch in
transcontinental transporta / n
history. The Great Northern ter
minus was to be at Seattle. Ia
coma had its Northern Pacific,
and that was enough. Jim Hill
was all right, and when he came
10 the coast in a couple of weeks
Tacoma would entertain him with
a dinner at the Tacoma hotel, but
there wasn't any necessity for
hurrahing about building a rail
road to Seattle.
But the driving Of that last
spike near the summit of the
Cascade mountains deeply stirred
the nations transportation ex-
ecutives. 1t meant that Jim"
Hills Great Northern had the
shortest rail route between the
Great Lakes and Puget Sound by
us miles. Completion of the
eight-mile tunnel some years
later further shortened the dis
lance.
Jim" Hill was not a blunderer
but he took chances. The year of
the Great Northerns completion
was the beginning of the panic
Of the nineties. 1t hardly was an
suspicious beginning for the new
transcontinental line in an. as
yet, unproductive territory. But,
Hill had built too wisely, and
planned his financial structure
too prudently and managed his
property too efficiently to be
caught in the backwash that
swept a fourth Of the nations
railroad mileage into bankrupt
cies.
Mr.. Hill was not present at
the spike-dr1ving ceremony, and
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1943-01-07
After Many Years
erest Northern Has Golden Anniversary
Last Rail Laid in Cascades Fifty Years Ago
Cut lis Miles OF lakes-io-Sound D;s..,e.
Same Day Tseone Welcomed New Oriental Liner

ne participated-snd then re-
luctantly-in only one OF the two
public celebrations commemorat-
Ing the event. Seattle combined
its observance Of completion Of
the Great Northern with a
Fourth Of July celebration. In
St Paul, plans were made to
hold high holiday. span the
streets with arches. stage = big
parade, and give a civic dinner,
at which Mr.. Hill should be guest
of honor.
Apprised of the plan. which
would cost $50. 900. Mr.. Hill was
appreciative and grateful But.
he countered with a proposal
that since St Paul needed a
public library. he would contrib
ute 500. 900 toward construction
Of the building providing the
money raised for the celebration
were diverted to this cause. His
proposal was not accepted st.
Paul made merry and paid its
tribute to the Empire Builder"
But. Mr.. Hill eventually had
his way He gave to st. Paul the
Hill Reference library. one Of
Americas finest institutions of
its kind.
Tacoma's lack of interest In
the completion ID the Great
Northern rail line was not alto
gether due to indifference. II
happened that we were having a
little celebration Of our own
about that time. The Northern
Pacific, beating Jim" Hills time
TO the rich business in China and
Japan. had bought a handsome
ocean liner to 60 after the orr
entail trade. In honor of this city,
still named in the charter as
the terminus of the Northern
Pacific, the ship was renamed
Tacoma" From Tacoma
standpoint that was a much
greater occasion than putting
the last rail in a transcontinental
line to Seattle.
Incidentally, while the North
ern Pacific beat the Great North
ern to the oriental business, about
IS years later the Hill line, with
the steamships Minnesota and
Dakota, had gobbled the lions
share of that business.
The coming Of the Great
Northern to Puget Sound was
part of a feud which cost that
road and the Northern Pacific
q great deal of money. The fight
was carried on for years. Ia
coma, Of course. was on the side
of the Northern Pacific, and
time after time blocked the Hill
attempts to get in here.
But that is the story of things
that are past. The Ratchet finally
was buried. And today Tacoma
extends greetings to the Great
Northern. We hope that by the
time another anniversary comes
around-maybe the 18th the
war viii be over so that every
body can celebrate a great event
in a proper manner.