davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Waterbury Democrat., 1943-01-02

Q. What does the title. "CO- dex," mean?
 A. Codex is the name applied to certain ancient manuscripts of the classics or Scriptures. Among famous unicai codices are the three great indices of the Bible tn Greek.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1943-01-02

Q. What is the Blblla Pau. peFum or Peer Mems BibIe2
 A. This Is hte name given to . series Of medieval picture books containing illustrations of events ln the life of Christ. with Q small amount of explanatory text in Fhymlng Latin verse.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1943-01-02

households in very small conn munities. ten males lover thirteen years of age) are considered heads of households. The assembly of ten such people is called a minyan (quorum) suflcient for public services.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1943-01-02

v. what oo hS0man Chthotses mean by the phrase. Ad Llmina Ap0stolorum?
 A. Translated. this phrase, reads, Ito the threshold of the Apostles" It is used in reference to visits to Rome. especially those made oficialiy by bishops and others.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1943-01-02

Q. what does . Jewish con. EFegatiOn consist Of?
 A. Theoretically, c congTega- ton consists Of q minimum of ten heads Of households. For the pure pose of prayer. and because of the dlfYleulty in finding ten heads Of
Henderson daily dispatch., 1943-11-27
Army Tool
Inquiry Is


Washington. Nov. 21.-thpD-ThC
War Department announced today
that an investigation into the sale
of army-OWnCd tools in Detroit To
private sources had resulted in the
resignation of one officer and that
others will be subject to rcclassiGi-
cation proceeding" or severe adj
miniStrativC admOnitiOnS.
Changes also are being made in
the army'S procedure for handling
the sale of obsolete and surplus ma
tCrial. with special reference 10 cut
ting tools. the Department said.
In u statement announcing COM
plCtiur of its inquiry into the Detroit
transactions. the Department said:
mo machine tools were involved
in the sale. The total value of the
pcrishabiC cutting tools was appru%i-
mItCly Si.T5OO0O. with an AAF
appraisal value Of $500 at the
time Of the Investigation
"Thc majority of these tools had
become obsolete as the result Of en-
ginC design changes.
after appraisal by the army air
forces. over 90 percent Of thc tools
were returned hv the purchasers: the
balnr"c were paid for at the nov All
0 ...t
Henderson daily dispatch., 1943-11-27
Colombia
Declares War
On Germany

B"G"iI, Colombia. Nor. 27.-(AP)
The Senate approved a government
statement today recognizing the Cxis-
tcrcc oi state Of bCiiigCrCnCy be-
tween this nation and Germ ny.
The action followed official an
nounccmcnt last night that a GCrnlai-,
submarine had sunk the Columbian
schooner Ruby. November l. in the
Caribbean. the ScCD-d Columbian
vessel to fall victim 10 a U-boat since
the war began.
The Sen tC acton. taken over ihc
opposition of conservatives who
vented 10 postpone - vote for further
study. followed q statement by For
cign Minister Carlos Lolanoy Io2anr
that the government considered itself
IN state Of bClligCrCnCy" with
Germany. 1oZanO said. however. that
Colombia has No intention Of sending
tluUpS Or naval forces abro q. but
desired ~ place Hcrscil ~ clos"r nay.
.... TJ. a' .fr ~. f....'. b sc. .r.
Henderson daily dispatch., 1943-11-27
Allies Win
Guinea
Strong Point
Occupy Position on
Huon Gulf Facing
Western New Britain

Southwest Pacific Allied
UeaduIIurtrrS \n,. oT lAD,
n,o,,.;,,r > ino
i"ot Jun
Sic l,lalSilt from Whlch Japan
eSe mad overlooked the New
Guinea sector where thr most
imDort iny,.i,, - ii
..,,,,l,,. n:t: ''>
'Ht "'iiiS war Is pos
SlDle was i'll General Douglas
Mac Arthur : hands today,
Australians VINO had followed
close behind 26-ton tanks as far MS
the tanks could crash their way
through the dense growth stormcd
those heights yesterday at Sattcl-
berg. slaughtered the .Japs in then.
dugOuts. drove survivors iu l..ehi
Henderson daily dispatch., 1943-11-27
.kAF's Third
Heavy Blow
AT Capital
Follow Record Bremen
Bombing by American
Fortresses on Friday

London. Nov. - .- (APD -
Th" RAF"S heavy armadas
struck Berlin. the greatest OF
all German targets. Il third
great blow with heavy burdens
of explosives and inccndiarics
last night in the campaign 10
rub it from Adolf lIltlcrs
Reich.
The fifth successive strike aL
the Gcrmna capital and thc
third heavy assault since Mol-
day night WAS accompanied by
Il simultaneous attack on the
major industrial center ot
Stuttgart. 300 miles to TN"
southwest.
The two-ply blow split Ger
man defcnScS. but nevertheless
enemy fighters were more ci-
fcctivc in Stemming the waves
"i attacking aircraft and the air
ministry announced that -
hombrrS had failed TO return
from tie twin operation.
inns compared WIN - loss a..
20 bomber Of In" first night -; t..
campaign and ~ ON the second.
The operation brought Il ucW -
hour record in The dclugc O. bOnOs
on III" cncmy'S vital CCntrrs.
Thr greatest !ugCc OF F!vin.
F"rireSscS and l.DieratorS ever en-
plnyed flew against Bremen a"d
with their escorts totalcd nearly
1000 planes. They lost 80 of their
number. 20 of them large bombcrs.
ana destroyed 56 German dcrcnd.n.
aircraft
Fires from previous night as
SaultS were still blazing i'm Bcr-
line as the hundreds of heavy
hGmbcrS rOarcd over returning
pilots reported. and the air min
iStry said the new bombing was
concentrated and most cffcc-
tivc with the weather good for
Spolting the targets.
tn" worlds most bombed ritz
,i"w probably has received u fiery
oath OF around l4.O00 long tons nr
bombs THIS year. compared with n.c
iU.UVo which !Iaiicucd Iiamburn
Henderson daily dispatch., 1943-11-27
Charge Nazis
Shot Italian
Prisoners

Allied Headquarters. Algicrs. Nov.
- --- (AP) -- Tho Badoglio govern
mCnt. in u special communiqur is
sued through Allied headquarters.
today charged The Germans with
shooting italians captured on In"
ba'tlcfjCldS o! Albania. Montenegro
and the Aegean islands.
The arniStlCC control commission
in Italy Informed Allied hcadquar-
tcrs that Premier Marshal PiCtro
Badogl'o'S government had sent a
message tn IFS embassy III Madrid
asking that a protest to Germany
be made through The Spanish gov
CrnmCnt.
Tho italians charged The --latest
Staying Of captured italian officers
o"r uurcd when tne Germans eciled
.t.. i'.i".......f .,.. % ..
Henderson daily dispatch., 1943-11-27
Briton Denies
Aid For India
From UNRRA

Atlantic City. Nnv. - (AP) -
The United Nations Relief and Re-
hHhII!tatiOn Administration rode Il
mIm"r whirlpool today. with Il na-
trnuliSt from India indicating ms
country expected UNRRA help ana
British War Food Administrator
John J. Lwcllyn declaring Indiu'S
problems were outside the agcncyS
responsibility.
Although having no official con-
n"r''"n with the UNRRA, Prcsidcn:
""hn j. Singh OF the India League
"i America called u press confer
'ncc yesterday and said India might
not vote contributions To UNRRA
SNHrc The latter was sending no hep
IH lndla'S current famine.
nc India League president re-
ported finding some sentiment here
favorable Ia sending India help.
- thiS connection he mentioned tho
'hInc%c delegate. DIR. +. +. Slang.
n"' the latter Immediately called a
press conference 10 state nc was not
IN" proper person To sponsor such
. proposal, although personally ia
NnrIng it.
several hours later. Llcwcllin is
"Ncd statement that "it must be
n.iitc clear 10 anyone who has stud
,"n ihc scope of the activities of
'NkliA that supplies 10 India fall
'"'Sldc Inc scope of those activities
Henderson daily dispatch., 1943-11-27
Higher Quota
Of New Tires
For December

Washington. Nov. 27.-(AP)-Thc
december quota of new tires for pas
|'nGcr cars and motorcycles will
'dkc 27.685 units more than the Num-
Der available for civilians in No
Ncmbcr, the Office of Price Admin
ISlrdtiOn announced today
ihc agency emphasized. however.
mat the shortage Of new tires con-
tInucs and that the December figure
IS substantially below that for Or
lobcr and earlier months. More cX-
'cnSivc use must be made of rcCdp-
ping services. OPN said.
a total of 58l.3T3 now tires for
passenger cars and motorcycles is the
December quota, as against 553.G88
III November.
Henderson daily dispatch., 1943-11-27
Tarawa Feat
Explained By
Col. Carlson

Pearl IIarDor. Nov. 27-(AP)-
Ii. Col. Evans +. Carlson. Marine
hero of NicarauGa, Maxim and Qua
dalcanal. explains in three words,
determination. tcnaCity, courage,
how Il fcw battalionS of Leather
nCckS were able To annihilatc nearly
1000 japanese imperial marines and
capture TaraWa.. main airbaSc in the
GilDcrtS. IN 76 hours.
Those boys really did the job"
said Carlson. who as an observer
landed November 30 with the Ma
rincs at Tarawa and made daily
trips through machine gun and NOR
tar fire 10 report To the flagship.
The JapS might have eXtcrmi-
mated them with an organized coun-
tCr-oflCnSiVc the first night but they
couldn't have driven Us Off"
(ScCrctHry OF the Navy Knox said
at Washington American losses were
heavy but that the cncmy's were
much hCIvicrD
The chief difference in Wake (a
fcw hundred Marines held out for
II days against heavy Jap lombard
mCnD and laraWa was the deter
mination. tCnacity and courage of
the defenders It was by far the
toughest job Tvc ever seen. 1t was
one of the toughest battles ever
fought in the Marine Corps history"
Cooperation of warships. in she'll
ing Japan'S installations on Tarawa
ard the army and navy aerial bonn
bardmcnt played Il big part in its
capture. Carlson said in an inter
view. He particularly praised two
dcstr0ycrS which pushed into a la
COON and fired on enemy strong
points. from 700 10 900 yards off
SInrp
Henderson daily dispatch., 1943-11-27

Aircraft carriers. playing an eyer
more important role IN the drive on
Japan. made up q large share of tho
new ConSlruC,inuS-iO new carriers
nl all types have been completed in
1913.
In addition. approximately go Of
tho scrapDy little destroyer escorts
have gone into action. primarily for
anti-SubmaIinc work although thcv
can do foil sized Job in any battle.
Knox reported also gratifying re-
suits ~ steady increases in the size
"i TIC Submarine fleet. and said that
nCw submarines completed this wear
w"uId approximate 30 percent ,P
,ho Suhwari"~s HCct in cxistcnr, or.
y "''.'" I i9l%
Henderson daily dispatch., 1943-11-27
Fifth Army Smashes
Two Enemy Thrusts;
Rail Facilities Hit

Allied Headquarters. AlgierS.
Nov. 27 - (AP) - British
Eighth Army troci,s have slash
ed forward to extend their
bridgchcad across the swollen
Sanpro river which has risen
over two feet and in SCmc places
is 1000 feet wide, ii WAS an
nounced tod t..
American loops of Ii. Gen
cral Mark W. CIark's Fifth
Army smashed two enemy
thru>tS west Of Ncnafrn rs the
weather improved in that sec
tor OF the Italian front.
In the an war American heavy
bombcrS pounded rail facilities on
Two sides oi the Italian peninsula.
hitting at Rcvco near Genoa and %:
R!mIni ON the Adrlutic CuaS'
Mcanw hilr. il was annnunc-
cd that at least ten German
bnmhrrs including some hi-
licinkcl l;;'S were blasted cut
Oi the Sky early last night when
a force nj 30 Nazi planes III
lacked an Allied convoy in thH
Mediterranean. The convn, Sui-
fcrcd only slight damage.
Enemy infantry forming o.. ..
attack IN the Miguanu rce.p. o. ;br
tiiih Army front Was n.uhun Jp Dy
heavy artillery iir" ..a. Nmuur.ul
batteries.
The Germans were reported - 30
.'r-fJ'l limo ps,,- t..|, ..r....t. s5.,H. ,,.
Henderson daily dispatch., 1943-11-27
US. Fleet Doubled
In Eleven Months

9 WaShnst"u. Nov. 25-(Np)-ThC
TnItcd States ilCCt--iarccst IN the
World--haS been doubled IN II
months and nov bristlcs with 81
fighting Shpis. including more than
40 1irCrat carriers
Navy Secretary kurN. disclosing
the size Of the fleet. voiced Il PRAYER
that the Japanese fleet soon may bc
drawn into action and wiped oct.
krUN announced construction of
il8 nov ships in the last 10 mo~ths
more than a ship day. Thc 81
American warShips lost since Jan
uarN ! will bC made up "wi'hin IN"
nest 'wo weeks" boosting the total
combat strength ~ g2G "osvoIe hc
id.
Henderson daily dispatch., 1943-11-27
DUKE PROFESSOR TO SPEAK

UUIhuM. NOV. 25-"TNC NCSsaGo
OF the Church in an Age oi World
Calamity will be ;hc topic of a So
rrcs @! lectures 10y DE- Howard =.
Jensen. professor Of sociology ~
Duk" University. al the annual mid
winter conference at Transylyanil
College. Lexington. Ky. January
III series Of five. ccu'crng around
23-27. The lectures Will bc given
djii"r"ni aspects uI the church in
the chAOS VI u world al Wnr.
Henderson daily dispatch., 1943-11-27
Eighth Army Bridgehead
Extended Across Sangro
Earthquake Kills
Thirty in Turkey

InStanhul, Nov. ii (AP)
An earthquake which shook ihr
Turkish capital today hit hard
III the Am>ya-Tokat region OF
n0rthcentral Turkey. killing 50
persons and destroying hundreds
Of buildings, first reports rcceiv-
cd here said.
II was feared that greater
damage was done in other sec
lions OF the country.
Henderson daily dispatch., 1943-11-27
FAMILY WORKERS INCREASE

Raleigh. Nov. - -- StItiStiCianS
with the State Department Of Nr;-
culture said recently that although
there is Il slight decline in the mum.
Der of hired workers on North Caro-
lima farms this fall from the number
employed in the fall of 1912. In"
number of family workers is the
highest ii has been in several years.
No definite figures were given ard
the statement was based on obscr-
Natlons made bv Representative {
Henderson daily dispatch., 1943-11-27
New Blow
Struck By
Russians
Cross Berezina River
West of the Dnieper
After Gomel Victory

Moscow, Nov. 27-(AP)-
The army newspaper Red Star
said today that the Russians
had crossed the BrrcZina river.
ln1llctlng Il new blow on the
diSorganizcd German army
along the stream where Napo-
Icons lcgicnS met final defeat
during the retreat from Mos
COW.
Following up his smashing
Nir.ory 4! tG!lci. General Com
Stantin Rokn~SovSky pushed
thi, u%h White Russia west OF
tie D:icprr river. outfIanking
The German base of Zhlobin, 80
miles northwest of capturcd
G0m"i. th: army newspaper rr-
EOItcd. TIE railroad running
SCa;hw',; from ZhInhin Ia Ka-
iinkovichi WAS cui in yesterdays
westward surge. when Soviet
spear ihcad> captured the town of
Shatsiiki. where the railway
crosses the HCrczina
u->ol>Zy's Wultr Russian army
REACHED the ic"GLini hv a nurinward
push along IT," Wv,, bank uf the
Dn!rpc.. while other forces cuvciup-
cd and >I1.Gci the fortress city of
GOmCl rH>t "l the river.
Fast rlHy.u% advance SpcarhcadS
stOlmCH int ne towns OF NiHhnia
and OiDJ. iprm.iI = the strongest knot
Of German resistance in thiS sector.
Then they !"ruCd out along both
banks Ol the BCr"Zina. striking north
and northwest tn sever the Zhlubin-
kaiinIlovIch railroad.
Rokus-uvsky'a triumph al Gobmci
opened ihc way tor possible gen
Clal advance toward, PinSk and
BrcSt-Liivosk. chief cities of the for
mcr Polish province Of Poies:c.
Henderson daily dispatch., 1943-11-27
Blame On Congress
For Higher Prices
il Subsidy Banned
Sen. Aiken Asserts
Administration Gives
False Impression"

washington, Nov. 21.-(APJ-
oen0uncing administration ar
gumentS that food prices would
soar upward if Congress bans
government subsidies. Senator
Aiken R.. VtD said today this
contention sounds like threat
To let consumer prices skyrockct
and then to blame Congress un-
less the President is permitted
10 have his way in all respects"
Henderson daily dispatch., 1943-11-27

Aiken declared there is no gen.
cral demand for an increase in all
farm prices
AS the Senate Banking Committee
prepared 10 open hearings next week
on the iouSc-paSScd bill Ia half the
S61o.OoO,OOO federal program al the
end OF this year. Aiken made these
assertions IN a statement:
That the administration seeks in
save the program by creating the
false impression" that consumer
prices could not be controlled # Sub
SIuIcS were repealed.
That existing subsidies have bCnc-
fitted middle men and food process
sons principally. failing 10 prevent
decreases III prices pgid tu the farm
cr Tor his products in some Instances
without any corresponding cut IN
OlA ceiling prices tu consumers.
On the other hand. Senator Mead
d.. n. W declared his observations
on It recent tour of world battle
fronts convinced him that prices
would get out of hand without ado
quatc controls against initiation.
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1943-09-30

The Minute Man who adorns the
posters exhorting you to buy more
War Bonds is a symbol of Ameri-
can liberty-a liberty born in Lex
ington, Mass, on April 10, ITS.
Today Lexington still boasts
many landmarks of the Revolution
airy War Perhaps the most inter
esting of all is the Munroe Tavern,
meeting place of the Revolutionary
leaders, whose owner, Sergeant
William Munroe, belonged to that
intrepid band of Minute Men who
first challenged the British red
coats on the village green.
Late in the evening of April Is,
Sergeant Munroe, learning that the
British were advancing from Bos-
ton hastily assembled a guard of
eight men and made his way to the
neighboring parsonage. where two
illustrious guests were staying
John Hancock and Samuel Adams.
Although it was presumed that the
British were on their way to Con-
cord to seize colonial stores. Mum
roe suspected that it was also part
of their plans to abduct the two
leaders and thus break the back
of the uprising. The loyal tavern
keeper did not leave Hancock and
Adams until he had conducted them
to place of safety.
Early the next morning he re-
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1943-09-30

Joined the other Minute Men and
was among the first to return the
enemy fire. But the gallant stand
of these n poorly armed men was
hopeless against the 400 well-equip-
ped veterans.
After several volleys had been
fired, the Minute Men dispersed.
The British picked up their wound
ed and carried them to Munroe's
Tavern, which they turned into a
temporary hospital. They helped
themselves freely to the provisions
and set fire to the building when
they departed. Fortunately Munroe
returned in time to extinguish the
flames.
November S, 1889, was a great
day for tavernkeeper Munroe, for
on this day General George Wash
ington visited Munroe's Tavern.
had dinner there and commended
its proprietor for his patriotism.
Historic Munroe tavern, built in
1895, still stands. Today it is
museum rich in revolutionary rel
les, among them portraits of the
Munroe family, dishes, chair, table
and hatrack used by George Wash
ington, beer mugs, desk and other
furniture used in the tavern-many
of them a tangible link with the
Minute Man who inspires America
to purchase more War Bonds.
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1943-09-30

many Washington County boys who
receive the acknowledgements every
week, has been transferred from
Texas to Louisiana. His new adj
dress is: 33384686, Co. M. 407th Inf,
APO 102, care Postmaster, Shreve-
port, La.
Cpl. Raymond R. Wollard, son of
Mr.. and Mrs. j. F. Wollard, Route
2, has just been promoted from pri-
vate to corporal "a douple Jump
and needless to say, his parents are
plenty proud. Corporal Wollard,
who graduated from Hagerstown
High last year, was a fireman on
the Western Maryland R. R. before
entering the Service last April AL
though he is stationed in Massachu-
sets, he comes home whenever he
can get week end pass. He says
it's long ride just to have Sunday
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1943-09-30

at home, but it is worth it just to
see his folks and get some of moth
er's good fried chicken 1--WE don't
blame you soldier). His address is:
Battery D, 502nd aa.a Gun Battery,
Camp Edwards, Mass.
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1943-09-30
OUR CITIZENS IN UNIFORM

about Washington County and who
serving with the Armed Forces.
you relative serving
information
this column Send items to "The Globe
Md the phone
S 391I.
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1943-09-30

Fla.
Mr.. and Mrs. w. H. Cochran, lit
Randolph avenue, have two sons in
the Service William H. and A.
Boyd
Lieut.. VIM. H. Cochran, mem
Der of the Army Air Corps, has been
in the Service IL years. On June
18th last, while in action over Ger
many as co-pilot of a Flying Fort
ress, he was shot down and was re-
ported missing in action. While it
was nearly two months before his
parents were officially notified that
he was prisoner of war, they knew
on July 18th that he was safe, for
on that day his voice was heard on a
short wave broadcast from Germa-
ny, and on August 6 they received
two letters from him, two more ar
irving on August 20.
His letters told his parents not to
worry as he was well, and he also
told them that the American Red
Cross was looking after him.
Lieutenant Cochran received part
of his training out in California, and
friends that he had made out there,
hearing of his prison camp address,
were able to locate his camp as be-
ing near the Polish border Ga map
of German prison camps had been
published in a Los Angeles news
paper, and they used it in locating
the lieutenant's camp.
While he is only allowed to write
two letters month (and naturally
those go to his parents), there is no
limit to the mail that he can re-
ceive, providing the following rules
are adhered to: All letters must be
strictly personal; must carry no in
formation about the weather, troop
movements, or any other military
information, and all letters must be
either typed or block printed and
must be brief.
For those who might like to send
card or letter to him, here is his
address: End Lieut.. VIM. H. Cochran,
American Prisoner of War, Stalag
Luft 3, German, P. o. w. 1926, care
Postmaster, New York, N. Y.
On the upper left hand corner of
the envelope print the words, post
age Free" and on the back of the
envelope print your complete name
and address.
SIC Petty Officer A. Boyd Cochran
enlisted in the U. S. Navy on Feb
ruary 4th, and became a member of
one of the Nays ground crews. He
entered the Metalsmith School at the
Navy Training Depot at Jackson
vile, Fla, from where he graduated
on August IA, placing among the
first third in class of 104. Follow
ing his graduation, at which his par
ents were present, Petty Officer
Cochran was able to get furlough
home. He has now been assigned to
Pensacola and left for his new sta
ton last Tuesday. His address is:
T. S. 4, NJ. A. A. S., BARN Field,
Pensacola, Fla.