davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1943-05-04
Gas-Saving Parking
At Pentagon Devised
Space Allotted Drivers
Nearest Their Homes

A change in automobile parking
arrangements for employees OF the
Pentagon Building, estimated to
save 5000 to 5000 driving miles
day with its equivalent conservation
of gas and tires, was announced to-
day by the War Department..
Parking space assignments have
been governed by the direction from
which workers approach the build
ing. Thus, officials said, residents
of Virginia and Southeast Washing
ton will park their cars in the south
parking lot. Those who live in Mary
land and other sections of Washing
ton will use the north parking lot.
This arrangement will provide
drivers with parking space nearest
their homes, ending any need to
drive past the building in search of
space. Between 5000 and 5000 cars
are now parked daily at the build
ing, a considerable reduction from
the number before the cut in gaso-
line rationing.
Space assignments in the south
parking lot to residents Of Southeast
Washington are being made because
the north parking lot is not large
enough to accommodate all riders
from Washington and Maryland
Vehicles using the Fourteenth Street
Bridge will show the smallest mile
age saving estimated at about one
quarter of a mile.
Drivers will be assigned definite
lanes, it was said, according to the
sections In which they live. It is
planned to make these locations
known to employees of Pentagon so
that those who wish to, may make
arrangements on the ground to
share cars with persons living in
their neighborhoods.
Evening star., 1943-05-04
Steenberghe to Head
Dutch Food Mission

NEW YORK, May 4 (P.-M. P. L.
Steenberghe, chairman of the eco
nomic, financial and shipping mis-
sion Of the Royal Netherlands gov
ernment in this country, announced
today that he would head the Meth
erlands delegation at the world food
conference in Hot Spring, Va, this
month.
Mr.. Steenberghe, who arrived by
air from London after consultations
with his government-in- exile there,
said that the missions first prin-
ciple will continue to be "all-out
support to the war effort"
Evening star., 1943-05-04
Duke de Durazzo, recognized as such

Duke de Durazzo, recognized as such
by royal decree of the King Of
Spain, chief of the Capetian House
of France and of the Bourbon line,
and confirmed by imperial decree
of the Emperor of Russia on March
6. 1914. and the judgment of the
Tribunal of Naples. August 4, 1912.
Il have written to the judges of
AK en- Provence a denunciation of
this youth for false usage and usur-
patton of a civil title"
Poor cousin Basile," was the
comment of the language teacher
when shown the letter.
Evening star., 1943-05-04

In charge OF loans at the Pittsburgh
bank and who served as temporary
president Of the munitions firm after
the Government had seized opera.
tion of 1t. -
Government prosecution IS being
handled by Bernard J. Flynn, United
States attorney for Maryland, and
William A. Paisley and Ellis L. Ar
enson, special assistants to the At
torney General.
Palmer ingram, William Curran
and Simon E. Sobelof are defense
attorneys,
Evening star., 1943-05-04
Giroud Awaits Reaction
To Invitation to De GouIle

ALGIERS, May 4 [P.-Gen. Henri
Giraud today awaited Gen. Charles
de Gaulles reaction to a suggestion
that the Fighting French leader
come to North Africa as soon as pos
sible to discuss an agreement for
unification of the French elements
now battling the Axis.
Gen. Giraud's headquarters dis
closed last night that the French
high commissioner for North Africa
had dispatched a message to Gen.
De Gaulle in London on April
q suggesting the time was ripe
for direct consultations so an agree
ment might be effected rapidly and
calmly
Gen. Giraud proposed that he
meet Gen. De Gaulle in a North
African city ''as soon after May
as possible" and that after COM
pleting the accord they proceed to-
gether to Algiers. The two French
leaders have been conducting their
negotiations at long range through
Gen. Georges Catroux, acting as
mason man.
Fighting French quarters in Lon
don said Sunday that Gen. De
Gaulle had received a suggestion
from Gen. Giraud that they meet at
"a lonely place" outside Algiers
and expressed doubt that such a
meeting place would be acceptable
to the Fighting French leader.
Last night a Fighting French
spokesman In London said the situ-
alton was still unchanged, and that
the Giraud bid would be discussed
by the French National Committee.
Gen. De Gaulle called off a prof.
ected visit to Algiers several weeks
ago. because, he said. Gen. Dwight
D. Eisenhower had urged him to
delay.
Evening star., 1943-05-04
j. :. Recall Of Consul
From Martinique Is
Protested by Robert
Admiral Tells A. P.
Hull 'Offers Nothing
Else in Exchange
BY the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
NEW YORK. May Admiral
Georges Robert, French high
commissioner of Martinique, has
protested the action of the State
Department at Washington in
breaking off relations with his
administration because of its
close connection with the Ger
man-dominated Vichy govern
ment, he disclosed last night.
In a cable to the Associated Press,
Admiral Robert said the State De-
partment's action offers nothing
else in exchange" for the ruptured
relations, and has shut out all
possibility of a fresh proposal on
my part" by calling home the Amer
tcan Consul General.
Admiral Robert urged that the
text Of his reply to the State De-
partment be made public in Amer
ican newspapers, but failed to dis
close what steps he proposed to take
in the face of the departments
action. His cable answered a query
from the Associated Press regarding
his views.
Understanding Repudiated.
Secretary of State Hull's note to
Admiral Robert on April rs said the
Vichy regime lis now an integral
part of the Nazi system" and de-
clared that 'the French islands in
the Caribbean are the only French
territories physically free from Axis
domination which have no part in
the struggle for French liberation
and which profess allegiance to
regime under the direct control of
Germany
Secretary Hull's note repudiated
"any informal understanding with
respect to the French Antilles based
upon past discussions and condi
tions."
In his message last night, Admiral
Robert said:
The American Government has
decided, in alleging certain situ-
alton in Metropolitan France, to
annul an accord concluded at time
when this situation already ex-
listed.
Awaiting Sovereign Regime.
IT can only take note of such de-
cision, meanwhile protesting, which
I have done in a note delivered May
/, and, therefore, can see only an
advantage in the full publication of
the text (of Admiral Roberts note)
in the American press by the State
Department"
Admiral Robert wrote Associated
Press Correspondent Joseph Dynan
last month that he awaited a SOW
ereign French regime, rather than
the divided French patriot groups
under Gen. Charles de Gaulle in
London and Gen. Henri Giraud,
French high commissioner in North
Africa, before bringing Martinique
into the struggle on the Allied side.
Evening star., 1943-03-24
BY HELEN LOMBARD.

The next Washington agency due
for a minute congressional scrutiny
is the once of War Information.
Its head, Elmer Davis. enjoys an
excellent reputation among most of
the legislators, but his outfit by no
means shares his prestige. Mr.. Davis
is considered by all who know him
to be thoroughly honest and ami
mated by the highest and most pa
triotic ideals.
Some of his closer friends who
have known him from his commen-
tating days say, however, that the
owl chief has become "mesmerized''
by the so-called power of idea" So
absorbed has Mr.. Davis become in
his fight against the type of think
ing which has led to Nazism and
Fascism that he has filled the Owl
with 4 variety of individuals who
have no other qualifications for
Government positions than the fact
that they are sincere believers in
the -Four Freedoms.
Actually Do Harm.
Some of these officials actually
do harm because OF their lack of
tact and Recommendation in the for
eign propaganda field. There are
many others whose assignments are
50 vague or so farfetched that it
Is dincult even by stretch Of i'm
Evening star., 1943-03-24
owl Seen Next Agency Slated
For Minute c Congressional Probe
Dovis Enjoys Prestige Among Lawmakers
But Aides Are Believed Doing Actual Harm

agination to see how their work can
come under the heading of war in
formation.
An owl representative called at
the State Department recently and
asked one of the officials there to
provide him with q list of all the
foreign visitors who are in America
today on various ofiicial missions or
errands. The State Department ON
Ger informed the owl aide that
there were some 10000 persons now
in the United States who have come
in with diplomatic visas of one cate
CORY or another. Pointing out that
such compilation would entail a
great deal of secretarial work, he
asked If such list was essential.
After some little discussion the
Owl official finally confessed that
there are a great many writer's in
the owl without specific assign
ments, and that some one had had
the bright idea of creating a color
Evening star., 1943-03-24
WASHINGTON, WEDNESDAY a. 1ss

full atmosphere story" from the
fact that 50 many foreigners are
coming to drink at the well spring
Of democracy.
Nicknamed "Warburg."
The owl, which was slated pri-
marily to give the American people
all the facts that could be made
public about the war effort, has
been nicknamed in Washington the
ONCE of "Warburg" Information, in
honor of the ideologically bent New
York financier, James Warburg, jr.,
who Is one of its leading spirits.
All sorts of schemes to educate the
American people come out of the
owl. The State Department was
approached with the suggestion that
Its historical section collaborate in
making up calendar of historical
milestones. The owl planned to
publicize famous dates in history
compiled by months. The historical
milestones in the Februaries, for in
stance, beginning with 1853 and end
ing in 1943, would make one calen-
Evening star., 1943-03-24
British Naval Head
Here Saw Dewey
Blockade Manila
Admiral Sir Percy Noble
Witnessed EorIy Example
Of Allied Cooperation

NEW YORK N.A.N.AD. - Ad-
miral Sir Percy Noble, head Of the
British Admiralty delegation in
Washington, who is playing lead
Ing part in the task of co-ordinating
American and British efforts to
combat enemy submarines in the
North Atlantic, witnessed another
example of Anglo-American CO.
operation very early in his career.
aboard the late Capt. Sir Edward
Chichester's cruiser 1mmortalite,
which arrived In Manila Bay 4 few
days after Admiral Dewey had de-
stroyed the Spanish fleet and
started his blockade Of the Philip
pine capital. There was a German
squadron present, under Vice Ad-
miral Otto Won Diederichs. and it
was suspected that the Germans
were itching to make dif11culties for
Admiral Dewey; in fact, as Law
renee Hunt recalls in his recent
book, "An American Speaks" the
Kaiser grimly wrote to a friend
after the Spanish American War,
If had had larger fleet would
have taken Uncle Sam by the scru1
Of his neck"
Heard Historic Reply.
Midshipman Noble was on the
quarterback of the Immortalite
when the German admiral sent one
of his officers to inquire what the
British commanders attitude would
be in the event of trouble" between
the American and German forces.
And he overheard Capt. Chichester's
historic reply:
"Only two people know the an
swer to that-Commodore Dewey
and myself"
The Germans understood what he
meant, and there was no trouble.
When he tells this story, Admiral
Noble reminds his listeners that in
those days there was no wireless, and
an officer placed in the British cap
tain's position had to make up his
mind for himself. He could not COM
municate with his government. It
was not the first, or the last occa-
sion on which the American and
British fleets stood together.
Directed British U-Boat War.
Before coming to Washington, the
admiral held the vitality important
post Of commander in chief of the
western approaches, in which, from
February, 1941, onward he directed
Rritain'S ceaSe1eSS war against II.
boats in the Atlantic. At his secret
headquarters in the west of Eng
land he played a vast and compli-
Gated game Of chess, with men and
ships, patrol planes and vital war
materials for pieces. The skill with
which he played 1t added greatly
to his already very high reputation
as a naval strategist.
Evening star., 1943-03-24

cents daily from his grandmother.
He insists he should pay income
tax. In order to keep peace In the
family We are allowing him to mail
the jnclosed contribution"
The payment probably win 20
into the Governments conscience
fund.
Evening star., 1943-03-24
Boy With Conscience
Pays IS Cents in Toxes

By the Associated Press.
NEW YORK. Clifford Smith can
look the world in the eye; he's paid
his income tax.
The Bureau of Internal Revenue
announced receipt of Is cents and
the following letter from Vincent
Smith Of Bay Port, N. r:
my son, aged ~, receives three
Evening star., 1943-03-24

dar. Research for this project
would have entailed Z good deal OF
work and the State Department
referred the owl representative to
the well-known English publication
called Whitaker's Almanac.
Congress is going to be particu-
larly inquisitive about all those
phases Of owl activities which, even
with the highest Of motives, go too
far af1eld from the work of q legiti-
mate war agency.
(ReleaSed by the Bell Syndicate Incl
Evening star., 1943-03-24

Put the Axis into = spin by pur-
chasing War bonds.
Evening star., 1943-03-24

The perfect knock-o-bout, everyday coot-corne fair
weather foul Perfect ooonst city country rains
it's weather sealed BY impreeno|e On and off in flash
with its buttoned fly 'front.' Two flop pockets change
pocket. In natural eoored cotton oobordne Everything
you've been looking for, in coot at downto
earth price! R~.essss MAJ. Floor. The Heeh' CO.
Evening star., 1943-08-23
AAF Safety Program Is Pushed
Just Short of |Softeninq' FLYERS

, was its recent smearing of the IA
nous P-40s, which have stood up
under every test of battle and have
out t-Zeroed the Zeros in the Pacific
On the other hand. the Truman
investigators could dig impsrtially
into the facts, bringing clearly and
forcibly to public attention faith
full picture of safety record that
improves steadily under the stress
Of war pressure and challenges COM
parison with similar records of Allies
or foes.
Presented Big Problem.
In accepting the safety award of
the National Safety Council. Gen.
Arnold detailed the methods by
which the Army Air Forces have
planned and worked in keeping the
accident record down. I'VE have
not had an easy time" he said, and
added:
In the midst of our sudden and
vast expansion. aircraft accidents
presented us with a great problem,
We had campaigns to carry on in
every corner OF the globe, campaigns
whose success depended on careful
supervision and control at all of the
flying schools of the Air Force.
The problem was complex and
we attacked it accordingly. We saw
to it that every piece of equipment
in use by the Army Air Forces was
checked, tested and reteSted in
laboratory and field We set up an
Evening star., 1943-08-23
BY NELSON NJ. SHEPARD.

When a crash warning sounds a,
an Army flying field, the first Off
cial usually to reach the scene OF
possible disaster is the post technical
inspector, handy man on the spot
for the Flight Control Command
From that moment-eSpecially if the
crash is fatal-the work of relent-
less investigation proceeds.
Gen. Henry H Arnold. in spite
of the upsurge in the greatest air
expansion program the world has
known. is never satisfied to stand
idly on a safety record that now
challenges comparison When new
low mark is reported in accidents
or fatalities. the sights are set again.
Our own safety record in training
greatly exceeds that of the British
RAF for reasons that our air COM
manders follow more cautious train
ing methods. The accent on safety
is more pronounced.
Limit Self-Imposed.
But there is a limit to safety
measures beyond which it is
dangerous to go. 1t is possible. of
course. to force our own accident
rate down by further restrictions.
But to do so, officials claim. would
endanger the war effort; would soft
en- up the flyers, paradoxical as it
may seem. and result in more lives
lost in actual combat.
Pilots in training can be forbidden
Evening star., 1943-08-23

from making croSs-country flights
in unfavorable weather, for example
What would happen to them. then,
when they start on missions over
Burma during the monsoon season
or wing their way across the fog
bound English Channel over enemy
occupied Europe?
That is why the Army now is
pursuing rigid policy of further
training for combat when the air
crews reach overseas stations to
prepare them for new conditions of
flying.
The Truman Committee says it
is about to inquire into the accident
rate of the Air Forces. That sena-
torial group is in position to render
a distinct disservice to our war effort
and the morale of flyers generally
If 1t seeks merely to gloss the surface
and render scare" report to make
the headlines. A glaring example
Evening star., 1943-08-23

structor on his first few flights. The
accident rate dropped.
1t is planned to provide this type
OF dual familiarization instruction
for all hot" fighter type planes.
High speed and high performance
necessarily will become a more inn
portant factor in Army airplane ac-
cidents. Both are absolutely neces-
sary performances for combat. In
1910 the world speed record for an
airplane was 63 miles an hour and
the altitude record 7042 feet.
Today fast fighter planes attain a
record of more than 400 miles an
hour and fly at an altitude of more
than 10000 feet. That is in the
stratosphere. Planes of this type
are never safe. They are dangerous
in the hands of even experienced
pilots
For this reason, temperament
plays an important part in the Sc
lection of pilots for fighter and
multi-engine ships. Those who have
the excess initiative, the dash and
the individualistic instinct are
. picked for the harder-t handle
fighter planes The calm, reserved,
phlegmatic and stable" man is as
Evening star., 1943-08-23

ing and operation procedures and
technique everywhere.
With our concentrated training
schedules we found that We must
compensate for lack of experience
errors in judgment and overconfi-
dence on the part of students. BY
developing methods and safety de-
vices that are miracles OF ingenuity
we were able to keep the rate OF
accidents at peacetime level. We
are not satisf1ed-the reasearch
goes on.
But when all is SAID and done
the safety of those airmen still rests
to large extent in their own hands
Once they are in the air-they have
no one to advise them-thev are on
their own. They have got to know
how to fly airplanes. and, as you
can judge by their records against
the Japs in the South Pacific and
the Germans in North Africa. they
do, Our training of pilots and crews
Is unsurpassed and we take off our
hats to no one when it comes to
the flying capabilities of young
America"
Five months before Pearl Harbor
the organization now known as the
Flight Control Command, to whose
work Gen. Arnold referred. was
crawling, like our military aviation
itself, out of peacetime cocoon In
one small Office of the chief OF the
Air Corps was the safety section of
the inspection division-a chrysalis
of the Flight Control Command.
Headed by Ex-Test Pilot.
Head of the safety section on
July l, l94l, was Capt. Samuel r.
Harris. graduate of West Point
and the Air Corps flying school
His record as an Army test pilot at
Wright Field. where he first fiighted
more than 200 new aircraft without
an accident, mace him Gen.
Arnolds logical choice for the post
From one transition stage to another
the same director-now a colonel
remained in control.
When the Army Air Forces again
streamlined its organization on
March 20, 1s43, accident prevention
came into its own with the forma
ton of the Flight Control Com
mand. with headquarters at Win
ston-Salem. N. c. From an or
eanization Of few hundred persons
1t became overnight a command
responsible for many thousands. d.
For purposes of investigating ac-
cidents the country is divided into
10 safety regions. each in charge of
a director and staff In addition to
Investigations these veteran flyers
and technicians are responsible for
contact calls and safety SURVEYS at
all air stations within their regions
Every airfield has it's own safety
officer. A pilot or crew member who
takes reckless chances is dealt with
summarily Training missions are
judged not on how spectacular they
are. but how perfectly they con-
form to the Air Forces standards OF
safe. effective operation. This goes
for maintenance. too.
II is not unusual to have scores of
planes all over the country
grounded, as in the recent st. Louis
case. for special Investigation be-
cause a safety checkup has revealed
Evening star., 1943-08-23

Many of the TECH inspectors
have had 10 to Is years in the AAF
as crew chiefs and line chiefs. The
number of accidents they prevent
by superior knowledge and careful
inspections does not get into the
record but a large part of the
achievements of the splendid AAF
record is due to these men.
So important is the determination
Of the causes Of accidents that spe-
cial comprehensive surveys are be-
ing made of the entire I'd and Sd
Air Forces which are charged with
operational training within the
United States. Both of these sur
veys are under personal supervision
Of Col. Harris.
AS result OF these investigations
airplane accidents have been broken
down into So causes. They fall into
four main categories: Personal er-
ror, 1877 per cent; material failure,
14.5 per cent; miscellaneous tsuch
as weather and terrain, 33 per
cent; undetermined, 35 per cent.
P-38 Fatalities Cut.
The high accident rate for stu
dent pilots making their first flight
Evening star., 1943-08-23

immense network of weather OBJ
servers, of radio, teletype and tele-
phone facilities which enabled our
control officers to impart their long
experience to pilots, instructors and
ground crews at every base.
I'VE resorted to many of the
methods of the National Safety
Council itself, flooding our airfields
with posters and educational litera-
ture. We used every possible means
every known eXpedient to mini
mize the possibility of mishaps-pre-
clude the hazards and dangers re-
sulting from human errors.
Each Accident Investigated.
Accidents don't happen-they
are caused To determine those
causes, everp military accident, air.
craft accident in the United States
is investigated by highly trained
officers Their findings are carefully
analyZed and translated into train
Evening star., 1943-08-23

signed to the multi-srgine craft
This Is fact of interest to every
mother and wife OF an air-crew
member
Safety Efforts Never Cease.
The Flight Control Command has
initiated extensive research to offset
the natural hazard OF high-per-
formance planes, both by safety edu-
cation to eliminate personal errors
and through the design and install
lation OF structural safety devices.
The investigations, the researches,
the poster and class educational
campaigns never cease 1t is COM
mon now. at some sirflelds, for as
sociates to present pilots guilty of
making careless landings with a
Evening star., 1943-08-23
THE EVENING WASHINGTON. D

in the hot" P-3s Lightning single
seat fighter planes presented an i'm
portant problem. A study indicated
that If the student could have a
short period of dual instruction be-
fore taking the plane aloft, most Of
these accidents could be eliminated.
But since the P-38 was a single seat
plane this was impossible. A re-
modification was made to permit
students to take "pig-a-backn rides
with an experienced P-38 pilot in
Evening star., 1943-08-23
Can Ground Any Plane.

a possible hazard in one plane of
that type.
Can Ground Any Plane.
The post technical inspector. who
works in close cooperation with the
safety officer, is one of the most
powerful individuals on an airfield.
He can ground any plane any time
for any reason. Unless he is salts
fed ship is airworthy it doesn't
get into the air under any circum-
stance.