davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1943-11-01

But they never do it by choice.
Generals are more cold-b -blooded
about winning or losing wars
than civilians are. Defeat always
enters their calculations. After
the last war many German civil
ians committed suicide, notably
Albert Ballin, president of the
Hamburg American Line, but no
general shot himself.
In this war two marShalS were
the first Of their COuntrymen to
admit defeat: Marshals Petain
and BadOglio. Ludendorff was
the first to admit defeat in the
last one. Civilians hope for
miracles. Army men trust their
own science. Feeling RESPONSE
bility for their troops, they do
not continue to engage them
when they know by the most
exact calculation that the Jig is
up. They are accustomed to dis
engagements after lost battles,
and an armistice is only the final
Encouragement.
So, if the generals had their
way, it is reasonable to suppose
that they would surrender to-
morrow, or after fighting their
way further off Russian soil.
Keitel Could Surrender.
Marshal Keitel, as head of the
German high command. could,
regardless of the civil power, sur
render directly to the Allies. But
this would leave dangerous
situation inside Of Germany. He
could not surrender Marshal
Goerlngs air force, because it is
not under his command, nor the
navy, though he might bring it
with him. Nor could he sur
render the S. S, which is a party
army, directly under Hitler. Nor
could he surrender the country,
nor accept any political terms.
for he has no political authority.
The normal procedure would
be for the army TO Go what Lu-
dendorff did in 1918: Demand
that the government sue for an
armlStlCe, and thus make the
surrender through the govern
ment But it is all but unimag-
Unable that Hitler would do this.
And there is no legal way to oust
Hitler, without his consent.
The legal situation is alto
gether different from that in
Italy, where there was an in
stance above MuSSolini, namely
the King, who could demand the
resignation Of his Prime Min
lister.
Holds Two Offices.
The highest instance of the
German state is the president,
and Hitler is both president and
prime minister, merging both Of
fees in the title "Feuhrer" Tech
niCally the only way to get a
surrender government would be
for Hitler to dismiss himself as
prime minister and appoint a
Evening star., 1943-11-01

(
nomination but be elected as we'll.
Their bitterness toward Mr. Will
kie is intense. Particularly is this
so among Republican Senators
Four-fift of these are exceedingly
| hostile to this nomination. and it is
probably true that most of the Re-
publiCans in the House are distinctly
Iunfriendly. In addition, a poll of
the Republican National Committee
at the moment, would reveal much
more than ma jority of antiWlllkie
members. When one reflects that
| these three groupS-the Republican
Senators, the Republican Represen-
/ tatives and the Republican Commit
/ teemen-are normally dominant in
Republican organization politics and
normally in control Of the delega-
tons to the national convention from
their respective States. the prospects
of Mr.. Wilkes nomination would
seem extremely remote.
Indeed, they would be completely
negligible but for certain political
assets which are peculiarly his own
and which to a considerable extent
offset his party opposition and bal
ance his lack of tact. taste and dis
Cernment In the interests of clarity
it may be useful to present them.
Confidence in Self.
There is, for example. his absolute
confidence in himself. He not only
is sure that he will be nominated
but he is Just as sure that he will be
elected 1t must be admitted that a
plausible argument can be made on
both counts. So far as the nOmlna-
ton is concerned, in June, 1910
when he got to Philadelphia. he had
much the same political setur
against him as he has today. In
little more than a week he had over
come the opposition and routed the
. wv ItduiIlS tdllu4udltS - kotIIdLOI
Taft and Mr. Dewey.
This time, Mr.. Willkie is the only
open and active candidate for the
nomination. He has been working
like a beaver for the last two months
For the next eight, all his energy
and time will be devoted 70 promot
ing his candidacy. No other man
mentioned for the nomination is in
position to challenge him. The two
other outstanding possibilities-Gov
Dewey and Gen. MaCArthur-are de-
barred not only from any movement
IN their own interests but from any
encouragement of their friends. The
Governor, By his public and private
statements, are removed from the
field and could enter only in the
event Of a genuine and utterly un-
planned draft such as has never
occurred before.
Evening star., 1943-11-01
Moscow Conferees Well Aware
of Balkans Compromise Need
gh it is doubtful whether this

though it is doubtful whether this
revolution Is MARKHAM.
Points Of Disagreement.
Fundamental disagreement be-
tween the Partisan forces of Gen
Josip Broz Tito and the followers
OF Mihailovich center around a
number of points.
The primary one is that Tito
favors the Yugoslavian state concept
of three peoples, Slovenes, Serbs,
Croats, united beneath the banner
of one government which would
serve them all equally and demo-
era atically.
Mihailovich is a product of the
/ Yugoslavian army circle which be-
fore the war worked for the estab-
| lishment of Serbian hegemony
over the two other Yugoslav peo-
Piles.
In times when Europe's future
often is discussed in terms Of the
possibility of federations, Yugoslavia
offers an example of an attempt
at federation. The country was
born of the World War. 1t was
mothered by Serbs, Croats and Slo-
venes joining in the 1917 Declara-
tion of Corfu and fathered at the
Versailles conference.
Almost from the outset Of the
new kingdom existence, the Slo-
venes and Croats felt that Yugo-
slavia's King Alexander was gov
erning according to Serbian
nationalist policy injurious to the
aspirations Of Slovenes and CroatS
Their fears were supported in 1925
when AleXander-Who was favor
ably regarded in democratic society
outside YugoSlavia on account oil
his foreign policy-proclaimed E
dictatorship.
Corfu Declaration.
The Partisans' struggle represents
another step in the progress since
1917 toward a realization of the
Corfu declaration. King Peter, the
boy monarch in Cairo, is suspect
of passionate Yugoslavs because he
is the son Of Alexander and because
his government exile has beer
dominated by nationalist Serbian
thought
Mihailovich is suspect further II
the Partisans' mind because that
government -in-eXile made him its
Minister Of War He can't escape
Identification with the Serbianism
Of that government. Whatever Mi
hailovitch's real views may be. ht
is compromised so far as the Parti.
sans are concerned.
The Greeks in turn resent the
memory of the active rule of King
George II because he summoned
the late MetaXas to the prime min
istership and Metaxas subsequently
established stern Fascist dictator
ship. The guerrillas' demand thai
the King remain out of Greece unit
plebiscite is held on the question
Of his return springs from a yearn-
ing toward democracy.
Evening star., 1943-11-01
Two Flee San Quentin
With Aid Of Fire Bomb
py the Associated Press

py the Associated Press
SAN QUENTIN, Calf. Nov. l.
Two Convicts sawed their way out
of San Quentin Prison yesterday
and used a fire bomb to confuse a
prison guard who shot at them
with his rife They escaped from
the prison yard.
Warden Clinton Duffy identified
the prisoners as Gabriel Marcias
l9, serving term for robbery, and
George Wells, 26, second termer
sent up on three counts of burglary
Warden Duffy said shortage OF
25 guards probably encouraged Mar
Cias and Wells to make the break.
Evening star., 1943-11-01

George II as to have expected that
Abraham Lincoln would have tenn
porlzed with the ConfederaCy.
On Moscow Agenda.
These Balkan problems are on
the Moscow agenda, and it is be-
lieved here that the representatives
Of the three governments meeting
in Moscow are realistically aware
Of the unlikehhood Of unifying the
opposing forces on compromise
basis Or of further disuniting the
common guerrilla front against the
King OF Greece.
The prospect of unity between the
two factions in Yugoslavia today
PartlSanS. who conduct military
operations both TO injure the Axis
and to further political revolu-
. ton. and the followers of Mihailo-
Vich-lS so remote that the high
politicians have to consider a more
striking side Of the question:
Shall the revolution be given it
head or shall it be stopped?
Russia favors the development OF
the revolution in Yugoslavia, al.
Evening star., 1943-11-01
On The Record -

government to countermand his
own desires, or resign as presi-
dent, leaving the post open for
some one who could dismiss him.
There would be advantages in
this, for the generals, who will
be eager to avoid civil war. For
that they must dissolve the S. S.
over which Hitler, in third func-
ton, as head of the party, has
sole authority, A dissolution of
the S. S. by Hitler or by gov
ernment appointed by Hitler
would certainly contribute to COL
lapse of German morale.
If, on the contrary, the gen.
erals should arrest Hitler the
S. S. could be a factor under
new party leader, and there
would be no authority ,mcon-
testably legal.
Thus transition from a Hitler
government to another govern
ment would have to divide the
two Offices: Prime minister and
president If Hitler could be
persuaded" by whatever meth
cd, to resign as president, how
could Germany get another?
Constitution Never Abrogated.
The Weimar constitution has
never been formally abrogated.
1t provides only for an election,
and that would be impossible in
the moment of surrender with
the S. S. intact. In itself it would
mean civil war. If Hitler should
die in office, naturally or un-
naturally, there is still no con-
stitutional method of providing
for an immediate successor, as
acting president. Hitler took
advantage of this short-Coming,
when, upon Hindenburg's death,
he appointed himself President
pro tom, and then got himself
ratified by an election in which
he was the only candidate.
But there is at least a prece-
dent for another procedure.
When the first President, Ebert,
died in office, special law
passed by the Reichstag. appoint
ed the president of the supreme
court, temporarily, to the Office.
The law only applied to the spe-
cial case, but it might be in
voked in lieu of anything else.
The president of the supreme
court is DR.. Erwin Konrad
Bumke, who is a conservative,
not a NaZi. The supreme court
itself. represents an unbroken
iuridiCal tradition and link with
pre- Hitler times. Hitler, who has
taken every step with some show
of legality, was unable to SWal-
low the supreme court and Gre
ated his own peoples court
for political purposes. The preSi-
dent Of the supreme court, as
acting president. could appoint
q WOW onyor,,,,a,t
In 1899, at the outbreak of
war, Hitler in veiw of the risks
to his person. appointed his sue
CeSSors to the merged Office of
Fuehrer: Goering and Hess, and,
in case Of the death of both, any
one appointed by the party.
But his succession has no legality
at all
Look at it how YOU will. Hitler
has either got to dismiss him
self from one or another of his
OfficeS--even if at the point OF
a piStol-or Hitler must die,
perhaps at the front or Of some
obscure disease. in order to OBJ
tain a legal surrender govern
ment, Maybe, all of these will
be conjoined.
The only alternative is an open.
instead of veiled, military coup
d'etat.
Released by The Bel Syndicate. Incl
Evening star., 1943-11-01

something anus
ing in the inabil-
ity Of the Re-
publican poll
ticians who SO
violently oppose
him to conceal
their inner anX-
iety lest they
h a V e guessed
wrong and the
ubiquitous. a n d
turbulent gentle
man from Indi-
ana, not o n ly
a C Ollire [ n e
Evening star., 1943-11-01

Inability to
answer t h i S
question may
prolong t h e
war. Armies
C a n 6 o o n
fighting for
onS siderable
t m e after
t h e y h a V e
! o S [ a war,
when t h e y
have space to
maneuVer in,
as the Ger
mans b aV q
Evening star., 1943-11-01
FBl Official to Speak

Edward c. Kennedy, assistant ad-
mlnistrator of the Federal Bureau Of
Investigation, will discuss juvenile
delinquency at meeting of the
Midway Civic Association at $50
pm. Thursday at the Morgan School,
Florida avenue and California street
NV, George w. johnson, president,
announced TODAY.
Evening star., 1943-11-01

and examine the
" h o e picture.
Such a perspec-
tive follows:
|. r u 8 s | a ,
@ re a I Britain
and the United
States have be-
gun military COL
laboration. This
Is the biggest
news Of the war
at the moment
and may involve
the crea ton of a
SIlpren1e w q r
Evening star., 1943-11-01

radio address
d i'd a three
m / n ute COM
mercial for Ba-
sic English. The
reaction was IN
stantaneOus and
t re m e n d o us.
E v e r y b o d y
asked everybody
else what is Ba-
sic English and
no sooner were
the subject and
they told than
theV oh npe Il
Evening star., 1943-11-01
lndion Rose From Ranks

c. D, Desmukh, the first Indian
TO be made governor of the Reserve
Bank of India, had been deputy
governor since 194l and before that
head Of various financial depart
ments Of the government.
Evening star., 1943-11-01
BY FRANK X. KENT.

The situation which the aggressive
candidacy of Mr.. Willkie has made
in the Republican party is not wholly
without humor Certainly, there is
Evening star., 1943-11-01
BY DOROTHY THOMPSON

When the German Army,
which already knows that 1t has
lost the war, decides to surrender,
how will it go about it?
Evening star., 1943-11-01
McEvoy-
Would Teuch
Bosic 'ChinqIish'
BY J. p. McEVOY.

Not so long ago, Winston Church.
i'll stepped up to the microphons
at Harvard, laid that stogie down.
and-smack in the middle of a
Evening star., 1943-11-01
| End Of War
In Europe by
|Mid-'44 Seen
BY DAVID LAWRENCE.

To understand the developments
In this global war it is necessary
sometimes to put all the different
areas of operation into perspective
Evening star., 1943-11-01

HE opinions OF the wrttes this page oon not
necessarily The Stars Such opinions presented In The
Stars effort to gUe all sides OF questions OF
readers although such opinions may contradictory among
themselves and directly opposed to The Stars
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-02-21

you haven't tried Drene lately, you'll be amazed!
You'll be thrilled too, by Special Drene super
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So, before YOU wash your hair again, get bottle
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ask your beauty shop to use it. Let this amazing
improved shampoo glorfy your hair!
after careful Of all types Of shampoo
a Special Drene.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-02-21
NMy No other shampoo leaves hair
so lustrous and yet so easy to manage!

Fo gImoro air
re,easup lust thn soap, et leayeh
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-02-21

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Nothing makes a girl auring to men shining,
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Instead, use Special Drene! See the dramatic
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Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-03-20
Z Maryland Farms
To Raise Dairy Cows
Washington County Men
To Set Up Calf Nurseries

Twelve Washington County (Md.)
farmers had agreed today to estab-
hsh calf nurseries in an attempt to
provide high-bred dairy cows for
future milk production.
William j. Ensor, FSA super
visor for eight Maryland counties.
said provisions for the establishment
of IL new calf nurseries were made
last night at farm meeting at
Hagerstown. He said all farmers
present expressed agreement with
the Governments plan to prevent,
insofar as possible, good dairy calves
being sold for veal
Many of the farmers who agreed
to raise calves which might other
wise be sold for veal Mr.. Ensor
said already were caring for five
to 10 calves of their own. Never
theless, he added, thev agreed to
take on five or 10 additional calves.
Under the FSA program to pro-
vide dairy COWS at no expense to the
Government, farmers will raise
high-bred calves which might other
wise be sold for veal. When grown,
the calves will be resold to dairy
farmers on a cost basis, which will
mean that the Government will
neither profit nor lose on the deal.
The calves to be placed on nursery
farms will be purchased by the Gov
eminent only when it is apparent
that they are going to the beef mar
ket. In no instance will the FSA
bid on calves against farmers who
wish to raise them for dairy pur-
poses.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-03-20
Alexandria Red Cross
To Open Dietetics Class

Supplying trained volunteers to
assist hospital dietitians is new
community service which the Alex
andria Chapter of the Red Cross is
preparing to offer.
At the request Of Robert Whitton,
administrator Of the Alexandria
Hospital, a course is being planned
to train dietitians' aides whose
duties will include arranging Of
meals, checking Of food on trays
before it leaves the kitchen and as
sisting the hospital dietitian.
The course is open only to women
over IS who have completed the
standard Red Cross nutrition course,
and will consist of 10 classroom
hours and 80 hours hospital serv-
ice. Any one interested may call
the chapter house, Alexandria 1852.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-03-20
Mans Prison Sentence
Is Revoked by Court

After serving part Of a 12-month
sentence in the Maryland House Of
Correction on charges Of tire thefts
in Montgomery County last year,
Ralph Breedon, son of Mr.. and Mrs.
James Breedon of River road, has
been eyonerated of the charge before
Judge Donald De Lashmutt in
Rockville Police Court.
According to States Attorney JOS
eph B. Simpson. jr., young Breedon
had pleaded guilty to the charge be-
fore Trial Magistrate Albert E.
Brault in Bethesda Police Court in
July.
He had served two months of his
sentence when he obtained his re-
lease because of technical error in
the trial. After being arrested again
he was tried before Judge De Lash
mutt and acquitted when the owner
of the tires was unable to identify
him.
Several other men involved in the
thefts are now serving terms in the
Maryland House of Correction.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-03-20

Delegates Pass
Seven Nearby
Bills
5 Others Introduced
For Prince Georges
And Montgomery

Several local bills dealing with
Prince Georges and Montgomery
Counties were passed yesterday by
the Maryland House of Delegates
while five other measures were in
troduced in the House.
Five of the seven bills approved
by the House concern Prince Georges
County. Two of the five would
eliminate the SIS fee now paid by in
dependent milk distributors and
would give the State authority to
enact milk legislation instead of
vesting that power in the counties,
as at present.
The three remaining Prince
Georges bills would add 1877 acres of
land in the Oxon Hill district to the
Washington Suburban Sanitary dis
trict. legaliZe the 1943 edition of
Flack's Code of Local Laws which
pertain to Prince Georges County
and authorize the county commits
s,cners to appropriate funds for the
compilation and publication of local
laws.
The two Montgomery measures ap-
proved by the House would provide
for the minimum payment of $40 a
case to the Circuit Court auditor in
addition to other fees which may be
authorized by the court and author
ICES the county to levy taxes on
taxable property to pay for refunded
or exchanged bonds and interest
| At present, the Circuit Court auditor
does not receive any fixed compen-
sation.
Of the five bills introduced. three
deal with Prince Georges County
One Of these would provide for eight
additional county policemen and in
crease the pay of the six desk clerks
in the two county police substation.
from 81 300 to $500 a year.
The two other Prince Georges bills
would increase the payment from 4(
to go cents day for boarding g
prisoner in the county Jail at Upper
Marlboro and incorporate Boulevard
Heights, Bradbury Heights, Bradbury
Heights, Coral Hills and Dillon Parl
into the town of Lansdale.
Another Prince Georges bill, which
was introduced Thursday, would au
thorize the Mayor and Council o
Brentwood to borrow up to 8 per cen
OF the assessed property valuation o
the town to provide funds for stree
and drainage improvements. Tn
debt would not exceed $4,000 in an,
one year.
The two Montgomery bills intro
duced would make county fishin,
laws comparable with those in neigh
boring counties and would make Ger
tain changes in the law relating t,
the filing of releases of mortgage
or liens on personal property. TIL
fishing measure was introduced a
the request of farmers in the uppe
end Of the county.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-03-20
Last OF a Series of Four J
By MIRIAM GUTENBERG.

Must fathers be drafted?
The question was put to Repre-
sentative Wadsworth, Republican, of
New York, because he. has been in
timately associated with draft leg
islation through two wars.
His answer:
ANY proper distribution of our
manpower would have tendency
to prevent the breaking up of fam
lilies. 1t might not stop the drafting
of married men completely, but it
would have tendency to lessen it.
The co-author of the National
Service Act now pending in Con-
gress, Representative Wadsworth
said it was his dream" to get out
of the factories and into the armed
forces the more than 100000 single
young men now deferred for &C.
cupational reasons.
Calls for Redistribution.
BY a redistribution of labor, he
pointed out, draft boards could take
the youngsters" out of the factor
les and put them into uniform ahead
of the fathers.
Mr.. Wadsworth said it was his
impression that occupational defer
ments were being handed out too
generously.
When it was pointed out that the
War ManpoWer Commission has ar
ranged for replacement schedules to
provide for the orderly withdrawal
of draft eliglbles in industry, Mr.
Wadsworth responded that employ
ers don't have to submit these
schedules and won't do so without a
law.
Obviously" he said. the need
arises for an organized replacement
system and you can't have that
without a law"
Although the system of replace
ment schedules, whereby a certain
number of men would be withdrawn
from a plant each month, was an
nounced last year, it didn't gel
started until after Christmas.
Drop in the Bucket.
So far, 1,499 such schedules have
been submitted and GIT approved
With more than $4,000 manufactur
ing establishments in the country
many of them eligible to use the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-03-20
Greenway Citizens Group
To Study Court Rent Cases

A committee of three was elected
by the Greenway Citizens Associa-
ton last night to study District
Court rent control cases and &C
cumulate information that may help
the area in rental problems.
The association called on Presi-
dent Charles w. Davis to send an
application to the secretary of the
Federation of Citizens Associations
requesting admission.
Mrs. Robert Marshall, chairman of
the Consumers Committee, reported
that housewives are being urged to
cooperate during the canning sea
son for fruits and vegetables This
will solve not only problems in meth
cd but will make up for shortage OF
cooking utensils, she said.
Another committee was appointed
to study needs for an all-day nurs-
cry in the section. Mrs. Robert
Williamson was named chairman.
The meeting was held at Thirty
fifth and A streets Sc, In the
Greenway Town Hall.