davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1943-08-23
MONDAY
Lityinoff Recalled

The tendency Of unofficial COM
ment on the recall of Maxim Litvin-
off, Russian Ambassador to the
United States, has been to minimize
its importance. 1t is said that this
diplomatic move by Premier Stain
does not herald any change in Soviet
policy toward the war or her Allies,
and there is much logical basis for
such view.
Yet the fact remains that M Lit
vinoff's recall has certain disturbing
aspects which intrude themselves
into the comforting picture presented
by the unofficial assurances that all
Is well. The recall by Russia Of an
able diplomat and an outstanding
friend of the democracies at any
time would tend to undermine the
notion that harmony prevails be-
tween Russia on the one hand and
the United States and Britain on the
other. And this is all the more true
when it happens that the announce
ment Of the recall is timed to COIN
eide with the windup of the mo-
mentous conferences at Quebec.
Premier Stain is man of deliberate
action. 1t is hardly conceivable that
he would toss this diplomatic bomb
shell into the laps of President
Roosevelt and Prime Minister
Churchill except as considered step
toward a definite objective.
There is little to be gained from
speculation as to what this objective
may be. Stain knows, and perhaps
few others. But If recent history
serves as guide, the generality of
mankind will learn what the Soviet
Premier has in mind when his
thinking is translated into action,
and not before.
Meanwhile, it is interesting to re-
view the diplomatic record of M Lit
vinoff Back in the troubled thirties
he was the leading Russian exponent
Of international collaboratio
against aggressor states, but he was
yanked from the center of the stage
and pushed into the background
after Munich, when France and Brit
tain threw CZechoSlovakia to the
wolves. That fruitless effort at ap-
peasement, whatever its Justification
on the ground of military weakness,
confronted Stain with what he re-
sarded as the necessity of coming
to terms with Hitler. In August,
1899, the nonaggression pact with
the Nazis was signed, and a week
later Hitler was on the march. Nor
did Stain stand idle. Two weeks
after the Germans struck at Western
Poland, Soviet armies moved in from
the East. And this was followed by
the Soviet occupation of the Baltic
states and the war with Finland
Looking back, the contention that
these were essentially defensive
moves, made necessary by Russia's
inability to rely on the western pow
ers for effective support, seems not
unreasonable What is disturbing,
however, is the fact that once again
Russia is calling on the democracies
for a measure Of assistance which
they are unable or unwilling to give.
And it is against this background
that M. Iitvinoff, the friend of the
democracies, once again disappears
from the diplomatic stage. Small
wonder that announcement Of his
future status is awaited with real
anxiety
Evening star., 1943-08-23
Anti-FrancO Agitation in Spain
Favored by State Department Critic,

To the Editor Of The Star:
In Mexico City on August 7, four lead
ing Spanish Republican parties met to
decide when the movement to re-estab-
lish the republican government of Spain
would begin. These parties consider
the Spanish republican constitution of
December 8, 1881, still in force, together
with governmental institutions created
under its authority"
This means that the Franco move
ment which overthrew the republic and
established Fascism in Spain will itself
be overthrown when the proper time
arrives.
The question is, will the United Ma
tions recognize the old republic and take
active measures to help the Spanish
people oust Franco and his Fascist re-
gime; or will they assume an air of in
difference toward neutral Spain, in
spite OF the fact that she is a Fascist
country?
II Is recalled that during the Spanish
Civil War the American State Depart
ments policy was that of sppeasement
toward Hitler and Mussolni, while the
latter gave Franco open assistance In
Evening star., 1943-08-23
Argument for Second Front"
Emphasizes Significance of Russia.

Emphasizes Significance of Russia.
To the Editor of The Star:
1t seems to me the reason for what
ever action has been taken by Italy in
this war has been under the advice or
compulsion of Hitler and the purpose is
solely to delay effective second-front
action by the Allies. We should not
permit this to continue.
The defense by the Axis in North
Africa and in Sicily has not been very
stiff because Hitler could not withdraw
out disaster to the Axis in Russia. Out
side Of Russia Hitler Is fighting delay
ing action in the hope that this limited
action may hold back Britain and United
States until he has defeated Russia, and
then can throw his whole strength
against Britain and the United States.
Apparently Hitler feels that he cannot
fight on two real fronts at the same time.
When he realizes that he cannot defeat
Russia, before the pressure from britain
and America becomes too heavy, he
probably will change his tactics and fight
delaying action in Russia, holding a
limited number of his men there for
this purpose and Withdrawing the re-
mainder from Russia to throw against
Britain and the United States. At
that time he may hope to obtain as
slStance from Japan. If Russia had
not put up the fight she has, Hitler
would today have his whole strength in
artinn ito;,,
States and with Russia out Japan would
be free to join with Hitler. In such
case, instead Of a three or four year
war we would have 10 to Is year war
with possible defeat at the end.
In risking the defeat of Russia by de-
viting possible disaster for ourselves. A
real second front right now would be a
surface invasion by troops which would
compel Hitler Immediately to withdraw
large force from Russia. That would
come close to inSuring Hitlers defeat
this year. The heavy bombing opera
tions against the Axis are Gripping, but
so far they do not appear to result in a
material decrease in the action against
Russia. To this extent our operations
have not been successful The outcome
In Russia under present conditions is
any ones guess. Our bombing opera
tions must be supplemented by a land
invasion at the earliest possible moment
If we are to wind up this war within
reasonable time and with minimum
loss OF men. T. WARREN ALLEN.
Evening star., 1943-08-23
Letters to the Editor

Letters to the Editor must
bear the name and address of
the 10riter, although the use of
a psendonynl for publication is
3 permissible. The Star reserues
the right to edit all letters Nth
q Die1U to condensation.
Evening star., 1943-08-23
RooseyeIt-Dewey Test

AS the result of unanimous de-
cision by the Court of Appeals in
New York, an election of lieutenant
governor to succeed the late Lieuten-
ant Governor Thomas w. Wallace, a
Republican. is to be held November 2,
The question of partisanship in the
decision Of the New York courts
happily has been eliminated. for Re-
publican and Democratic judges con-
Cured. 1t is now for the electorate
to decide whom it will choose.
The selection of new lieutenant
governor will be q test OF strength
between the Republicans and the
Democrats in President Roosevelt's
home State A similar test, in 1912,
resulted disastrously for the Presi-
dents party. At that time, the test
was muddied by the nomination OF a
candidate for Governor by the Amer
lean Labor party. However, Cover
nor Dewey, Republican, was elected
with a lead of about 200, 900 votes
over the combined vote Of the Demo-
cratic candidate and of the American
Labor party candidate. Mr.. Wallace
was elected lieutenant governor
over former Lieutenant Governor
Charles, who had both the Demo-
cratic and ALP nominations. His
lead was about 900 votes.
Next November the Republican
candidate for lieutenant governor, to
be selected in Albany tomorrow. will
face a Democrat who in all prob
ability will also have the backing OF
the American Labor party. Certainly
that is the prospect today-and also
the wish of the Democrats and the
laborites. II the Republican wins,
then New York will be regarded as
definitely within the Republican
ranks. The COP will look with more
confidence to the national elections
of 1914. II, on the contrary, the
Democratic nominee Is successful,
the encouragement will all be for the
Democratic party.
The test in New York, therefore,
will be of more than passing interest.
1t is true that the Democratic ticket
will not be led by President Roose-
welt. But neither will the Republican
ticket be headed by Governor Dewey,
who today appears to be even strong
er politically than he was year ago.
The Democratic ticket will have the
blessing OF President Roosevelt-per-
haps even his active support during
the campaign Governor Dewey has
already let it be known he will take
the stump for the Republican nomi-
nee for lieutenant governor.
The New Deal political strategists
will have to decide whether it will
be advisable to have the President, II
he will, taken an active part in the
campaign, to the extent of making
one or more radio speeches. Should
he do 80, and the Democrat lose to
the Republican candidate, it might
be said that Mr. Roosevelt himself
had lost popularity with the voters
of New York. In 1910 the President
carried New York State over Wendell
L. Willkie by 224, ZOO votes, in total
vote of 5000 900 plus.
Mr.. Dewey is in less difficult
position. He has announced he will
not be a candidate for the presi-
Dental nomination next year. His
term as Governor runs for another
three years. What he does in the
campaign will be in the interest Of
the Republican party. There is no
doubt, however, that II the Repub-
lican candidate for lieutenant gov
ernor wins, it will be another boost
politically for the Governor.
Evening star., 1943-08-23

the form of troops and supplies which
helped him in the fight against the
Loyalists.
And Franco continues to remunerate
Hitler for his assistance in the civil war.
Factories in Spain supply Germany with
munitions and fighting equipment. Fran
cos Blue Division fights alongside Of the
Nazis on the Russian front.
Underground socialist movements are
alive in Spain and the people cry "less
of Franco and more white bread"
DAVID GALLOWAY.
Jerusalem Suggested
For Peace Meeting.
To the Editor of The Star:
In its forward looking discussions, the
Quebec meeting doubtless will give con-
sideration to the place where the peace
conference will be held. For the place
will affect the plans The influence of
Paris upon the Versailles Treaty is better
understood now than it was at the time.
Most appropriate as the setting for
this momentous world council is the
ancient city of Jerusalem, the spiritual
capital of the Jewish, Christian and
Moslem worlds. 1t is more central geo.
graphically than any other situation; the
great majority of the peoples to be
affected by the deliberations live east of
Jerusalem. Jerusalem is in Asia, yet
near to Europe and Africa, with full
communications with all the world The
modern city has accommodations for
the meeting.
One OF the most delicate and most
difficult problems to be dealt with at the
peace conference will be that of Zion
ism. If the realities of that thorny
question We're under the personal obser-
vation of the delegates, wise decision
would be likelier than if the issue were
left to the propagandists.
With its long and unique history,
Jerusalem, holy city to the three great
monotheistic faiths, would be a re-
minder of the essentially spiritual ma
ture of the major questions to be de-
cided. THE City of Peace" would itself
have contribution to make to the new
order of justice, liberty, brotherhood,
safety and peace
WILLIAM T. ELLIS.
Evening star., 1943-08-23

Q. Does the human body use up
energy even when sitting still?--J. C. E.
A. Energy is spent during every mo-
ment of life by reason of muscular activ-
tiles within the body. Even when sitting
comfortably in a chair a man spends
about 100 calories of energy per hour.
Evening star., 1943-09-24

patton burden through Nazi requisi-
tions.
The island Of Fanoe, outside the
only important west coast port OF
Esbjaerg, also Is heavily fortified.
Evening star., 1943-09-24
Anti-BoycoH Writ
Issued Against Union
Ending 6-Year Case
By the Associated Press

BY the Associated Press.
NEW YORK, Sept 24-Federal
Judge Francis G. Caffey yesterday
terminated six years of litigation
when he issues an injunction res
training Local No. 3, International
Brotherhood of Electrical Workers,
from boycotting products of II elec-
trical equipment manufacturers.
The court also signed a final de-
cree in the case based on the report
of Special Master John Kirkland
Clark, filed November %, 1912, and
awarded the plaintiff manufacturers
$31 ,610.42 costs. The manufacturers
complained in 1897 that the union
defendants violated the Sherman
Antitrust Act by interfering with
the use of their products in the New
York area
Complaint Outlined.
Mr.. Clark'S report said that Local
No. 3 decided to unionize all New
York City electrical products manu-
facturers and through organized
building trades connections of the
AFL to favor the New York manu-
facturers who employed it's members.
The report said Local No. 3 then
ordered its members to refuse to
work on projects where products of
the plaintiff manufacturers were to
be installed unless the equipment
was first knocked down and reas-
sembled by the unions members.
The union was restrained under
the injunction from interfering with
the purchase, sale or installation of
products of the complaining manu-
facturers in New York City. 1t also
was restrained by the injunction
from diverting any such business on
the ground that it was assembled in
their factories, and from taking SIM
liar action on the ground that it was
not made in New York City or was
not worked on by Local No. 3 mem
bers or that it competed with equip
ment made in New York by manu-
facturers employing the locals mem
bers.
Plaintiff manufacturers were the
Allen Bradley Co., Allis- Chalmers
Manufacturing Co., Cutler Hammer,
Inc, and Square D. Co., all of Mil
waukee, Wis; Clark Controller Co.
and the Electric Controller g. Manu-
featuring Co., both of Cleveland;
Colt Patent Firearms Manufacturing
Co., Hartford, Conn; General Elec-
trio Co, Schenectady, N. Y; Monitor
Controller Co., Baltimore; WeSting-
house Electric 45 Manufacturing Co,
Pittsburgh, and the Trumbull Elec-
trical Manufacturing Co. of Plain
vi1Ia Tyoy,n
Evening star., 1943-09-24
American Legion Goes
On Record in Support
OF Peace League Plan
By the Associated Press.


OMAHA, Sept. 24.-The American
Legion was committed today to the
support of program indorsing par
ticipation by the United States in a
postwar association of free and
sovereign nations" to preserve peace.
The Legion in accepting commit
tee reports at the close of its 25th
annual convention yesterday gave
its approval to postwar cooperation
as a method by which our Nation
can best serve and protect its nat
ural interests"
Full support TO present draft pol
fcies of the administration, includ-
ing taking of pre-Pearl Harbor
fathers into the armed services, was
seen in adoption of a report submit
ted by the Legion's National De-
tense Committee.
That report backed up Gen.
George C. Marshall, Army Chief of
Staff, in his request for 7,700,0 900 men
by December 81, 1943, and said that
any one who undertakes to change
the figure recommended for carrying
out of Allied plans against the en-
emy must assume the responsibility
for the effect on the plan which may
result from such change"
The convention elected-without
opposition-Warren Atherton, Stock
ton (Calif) attorney, as national
commander to succeed Roane G.
Waring of Memphis, Tenn.
Mr. Atherton entered the Army in
the World War as private and
came out captain. He studied law
by correspondence and in an attor-
ney's Office before gaining admit
tance to the California bar.
The 51-year-old commander, ma
tive of San Francisco, served in
many offices of the local Legion post
at Stockton before becoming de-
partment commander in California,
national executive committeeman,
and finally national commander.
Evening star., 1943-09-24
Shafer Hills Politics.
In War Department

Representative Shafer, Republic
an, of Michigan told the House yes
terday he had seen the blueprint OF
"a plan which would preSumably
streamline the War Department, but
in reality its intent rs to convert
that great department into a New
Deal political organization"
A member of the House Military
Affairs Committee, Mr.. Shafer said
Congress should not interfere with
the proposal to make Gen. George
G. Marshall the "global chief OF
staff" but added that Congress is in
a position to prevent the conversion
OF the War Department into a New
Deal political WPA."
Mr.. Shafer said the administra-
tion's fourth term strategists" were
behind the plan and he specifically
named Harry Hopkins, personal ad-
wiser of the President; David K.
Niles, one of the Presidents assist
ants. and Justice Samuel 1. Rosen-
man, recently appointed special
counsel to Mr.. Roosevelt.
Evening star., 1943-09-24
CIatterbuck Appeal
To Be Heard TODAY
Special Dispatch to the Star.

special Dispatch to The Star.
LEESBURG, Va, Sept. 24-Judge
u H. r. Alexander of Loudoun
County Circuit Court was scheduled
to hear arguments at pm. today
on a motion to set aside the first
degree murder conviction of Thom-
as William Clatterbuck
The motion to set aside the ver-
dict as contrary to law and evi-
dence" was made last Friday by
Maj. Robert A. Mcintyre, Warren
ton, defense counsel after a Madison
County jury found Clatterbuck
guilty of the June / Staying of WAL
ter Russell, tenant farmer. Clatter-
buck also is accused of killing A.
Morris Love, on whose farm Mr..
Russell worked; Mrs. Ruth Love;
their son James, and Mrs. Russell
If the motion is overruled by
Judge Alexander and date is set
for Clatterbuck to die in the elec-
trio chair, the defense may appeal
the case.
If Clatterbuck should be acquitted
In the Russell case, the indictments
would still stand against him.
Clatterbuck signed a confession
that he used a croquet mallet to
kill Mr.. Love, who held his note
for $4,000 with three forged indorse-
ments. He also confessed killing
James, Love, Mrs. Love, Mr.. Russell
and Mrs Russell with a rifle he
wrested from James.
Evening star., 1943-09-24

Grey shirts have been so
: scarce that heretofore we
had to limit their pur.
chase to 2 to an officer.
Now our stocks have
been supplemented by a
BIG NEW SHIPMENT
and you can have as many
as you need to fill your
requirements.
Army Officers Shirts
Khaki Broadcloth- th-----3.5O
British Green, Pink or
Khaki (20% Wool ----7.95
British Green, Pink or
Khaki tl003o Wool 1000
Evening star., 1943-09-24
Archbishop Byrne Takes
Seat in New Mexico
BY the Associated Press

BY the Associated Press.
SANTA FE. N. NJ, Sept. 24.-In
the solemn ritual of the Roman
Catholic Church, the Most Rev. Ed
win Vincent Byrne was installed
yesterday as eighth archbishop of
Santa Fe, succeeding the late Ru-
dolph A. Gerken.
After the installation, carried out
In the presence of score of high
church officials, more than 100
priests and many laymen, Arch
bishop Byrne celebrated the pontifi-
cal high mass.
The new archbishop, So, is ma
tive of Philadelphia.
He served as bishop of San Juan,
Puerto Rico, for l8 years.
Evening star., 1943-09-24
Berlin Says Hitler ExceIs
Eisenhower as Strafeqisf
BY the Associated Press.

MADRID, Sept. %. - Berlin
official spokesman today told Spanish
correspondents how. much better
Adolf Hitler could have managed the
Italian offensive than Gen. Dwight
p. Eisenhower, had the Fuehrer
been commanding Allied forces
Hitler" he said, would have
taken advantage of the first days OF
confusion after the armistice to have
landed at Leghorn or Genoa and to-
day would have the whole peninsula
In his power"
The dispatches quoted the spokes-
man as saying Hitler was far more
original on the offensive than the
Allied generals.
He did not discuss the Fuerher's
originality on the defensive which.
as the Spanish correspondents OBJ
served, is the German position on
both the eastern and Mediterranean
fronts today.
Evening star., 1943-09-24
Nazis Strengthen Deienses
AIonq JutIand Coast
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
STOCKHOLM, Sept. "a. - The
Germans are extending their net
work of fortificatations along the
Danish western coast of Jutland. ap-
parently because OF new invasion
fears.
Camouflaged as peasant homes
and barns and in other ways, a
belt of forts and pillboxes has been
developed deep into the countryside.
Evening star., 1943-09-24

Danish workers. In the main, are
doing the construction work and re-
ceive high wages. Costs of fortifying
the coast are paid by the Danish
National Bank as part OF the occu-
Evening star., 1943-09-24

Give up that vacation drive cheer
fully; we need gasoline to take the
enemy for . one-way ride.
Evening star., 1943-06-18

listed here at the Washington Navy
Recruiting Station and have been
transferred to a naval training sta
ton for recruit training. They are
Raymond Leo Young, II. son of
James L. Young, 80 o street NV;
Norman Herbert Johnson, II, son of
Warren D. Johnson, Seminary drive,
Alexandria, Va, and Meredith
Brownell Dawes, II, 3o25 Newark
street NV.
Columbus, Ohio-Pvt. Leonard A.
Citrenbaum, 354l Eleventh street
NV, recently arrived here at Ohio
State University for a special course
OF instruction at the Army's Spe-
cialized Training Assignment and
Reclassification School.
SALT LAKE CITY, Utah.-Pfc.
Leroy R. Brown, 55O4 Fourteenth
street NV. has been promoted to
the grade of corporal in the Army
Air Forces here where he is serving
at the Army Air Base.
KEESLER FIELD, Miss. - Pics.
William w. Utt, son of Mr.. and Mrs.
Howard Utt, 2l04 Newport place
Evening star., 1943-06-18
Brig. Gen. II. L. Larsen
Commended by Nimitz

Brig Gen. Henry L. Larsen, Ma
rine Corps, has been publicly COM
mended for outstanding perform
ances of duty as military governor
of American Samoa. The commenda-
ton was awarded by Admiral Ches-
ter w. Nimitz, commander in chief
of the United States Pacific Fleet.
During the early part Of your
tenure of office" the citation says
in part, you were charged with pro-
viding the defenses of American
Samoa and with conducting negotia-
tions with representatives of a for
eign power. These duties we're per-
formed directly under the command
er in chief of the United States
Pacific Fleet, and were so efficiently
and eXpeditiously carried out that
they merit high praise and COM
mendation.'
Gen. Larsen, whose official resi-
denCe is Denver. at the present time
commands Camp LeJeune at New
River, N. c.
Evening star., 1943-06-18

Fort Wayne, Ind.-Lt. Springs
Reid Moore, jr, Army Air Forces,
son of Mr.. and Mrs Springs Reid
Moore, 54l5 Roosevelt street, Be-
thesda, Md, who recently was grad
uated from the Army Air Forces
Training Detachment, Pan Ameri-
can Airways Navigation Section,
Coral Gables, Fla, is now stationed
here. 1t. Moore. who attended
Chevy Chase High School and
George Washington University, for
merly was employed by the Bureau
of Internal Revenue.
EdgewOOd Arsenal - First Its.
Charles E. Waters, 5812 Chevy Chase
parkway NV, and James G.. Wills,
jr., 1920 Argyle terrace NV. have
been promoted to the rank of cap
tain here at the Chemical Warfare
Service School.
WashingtOn-Three men from the
Washington area recently were en-
Evening star., 1943-06-18
THE EVENING STAR WASHINGTON G., FRIDAY, 1s,

NV. and Willie G. Wheeler, jr., son
of Mr.. and Mrs. Willie C. Wheeler,
Marbury, Md, will be graduated to-
morrow from the Liberator airplane
mechanics school here.
CAMP STEWART, Ga. - Pvt.
Maurice r. Rosenthal, 1480 Girard
street NV, has been selected to at
tend the Anti-Aircraft Officer Cam
didate School at Camp Davis, N. c.
Pvt. Rosenthal, who attended the
Massachusetts Institute of Tech
nology, formerly was employed as
clerk.
MONROE, La.-Five men from
the Washington area were awarded
their wings and commissioned Sec
ond lieutenants in the Army Air
Forces recently on graduation from
the Advanced Navigation School
here at Selman Field. They are
Kenneth Fuller Brooks, son of Mr..