davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-01-25
Closed Shop Barred
By Railway Labor
Act, BiddIe Rules
Tells Mediation Board
Membership Maintenance
Is Also Forbidden
Ry the Associated Press.

BY tie Associated Press.
The Railway Labor Act forbids
maintenance Of membership as
well as the closed shop in a rail-
way labor contract, Attorney
General Biddle has formally
ruled.
Mr.. Biddle's opinion, requested by
the National (Railway) Mediation
Board. eliminates the union security
issue from dispute between the
IS incorporating unions and the
carriers, leaving only the wage ques-
ton to be settled.
The unions are demanding a 90
cent hourly increase and the closed
shop. The wage issue is expected to
go to the Railway Labor Panel Gre
ated by the President. the board
having been unable thus far to get
a settlement.
Quotes Clause in Act.
Mr.. Biddle quoted this prohibition
In the act: TT shall be unlawful
for any carrier to interfere in any
way with the organization of its
employees or to influence
or coerce employees in an effort to
induce them to join or remain or
not to join or remain members of
any labor organization ="
My opinion" Mr.. Biddle added,
that the union maintenance rule
cannot legally be included in a col
lective bargaining agreement is
based on the conclusion that 1t
would obligate the carrier to violate
this provision of the act.
Action by a carrier to induce it's
employees to remain members of a
union would not fall outside the
acts prohibition merely because it
was taken pursuant to collective
bargaining agreement entered into
by the carrier with the union duly
designated by its employees as their
representative.
Says Congress Intended Ban.
The legislative history Of the act
shows that the Congress intended
TO ban action of this kind by car
rier even when such a union de-
Sires 1t.
The Attorney General said the
National Labor Relations Act per-
n1its closed shop and union main
tenance agreements except in the
case of employer dominated unions,
but pointed out that the MIRA lex
pressly excludes from its operation
persons subject to the Railway
Labor Act"
Union maintenance, or mainte-
nance of membership, as provided
in War Labor Board decisions In
scores of cases provides that mem
bers of union on a specified date,
or those who thereafter join, shall /
remain members for the duration Of |
the contract.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-01-25
Deaths Reported

Mary L HuddleSton, 81, 1870 Hobart.
ST. NV
oven p. Mullikin. Upper Marlboro Nd.
william II Bates, rs, Soldiers Home
Thomas Graham. s. J, 80. GEORGETOWN
COLLEGE
Amelia Mooney. 80. AIS 9th st. NV.
Karl NJ BubeTt, 81. Baltimore.
ave, NV
IRWIN safaran, A.. 300 North Carolina
ave Sc
James j Kenney, A., 1924 p st. NV.
Frank M. Wilson, 36, 30I Mass ave. NV.
William McTarnahan. u, New York.
Catherine f watkins. 20 81! 4th st. ne
Polly Morris. 81. 1927 9Th St NV.
Mamie Richardson, 90, 22lS Ontario
I'd. NV
Leila Cam, So 81 4th st sw
Mildred v. Strblins, 20, $40 Gresham
Mary 3. MozelIe. 25 1925 18th st. So.
Dsrnel Tucker, rs, Il9h P st. NV.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-01-25
Bomber Pilot TO Speak

Flight 1t. George Girardet,
bomber pilot of the Royal Air Force,
will speak before members of the
Adas Israel Brotherhood at the
Synagogue, Sixth and I streets
NV, at 8 pm. Wednesday. He
will discuss his experiences in aerial
combat.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-01-25
Mrs. RoIeiqh Buried

LEONARDTOWN, Md, Jan. Is
fSpeciaD Mrs. Estelle s Courtney
Raleigh, u, who died last, week at
her home at Ridge after a short ILL
ness. was buried Saturday in the st.
Michael's Church. Cemetery, follow
ing requiem mass IN the church.
She is survived by her husband,
Judge William Raleigh.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-01-25
Form Bureau Elects

PRINCE FREDERICK, Md, Jan.
IS (SpeciaD-Julius Parran Of Prince
Frederick has been elected president
of the Calvert County Farm Bureau
John B. Morsell, county agent, was
named a director
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-01-25

Great oaks from little acorrs grow.
War Bonds are the most promising
aeoYns on the market.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-01-25
"FURLOUGHn
FOR
CIVILIANS

You cant be nal1 out"
for victory when you re
feeling "a11 in. When
you re on the go in New
York. relax at The
Ha1dorf--right IN the
center of New Yorks
recreationa1. social and
cultural world. The
Waldorf excellent
ACCOMMODATIONS and -.
oui sine. with .s0perb :.
Z b to1 4. 40 tnl - n" - '1ai' - 'r
entertainment. can do much
to keep you at your
physical and mental best
--can provide a "furloughd
while you attend to
duty calls"
e
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-01-25
Monpower
Continued From First Page

NContIlueo from F1rSt rage
farm workers will have to be women
and that they hoped to overcome the
farmers prejudice against this type
of worker.
Evening star., 1943-10-18

sion and brought only a small pack
For seeing Yugoslavia I left three
fourths Of that little baggage behind.
I was dressed in an American off,
GERS cap, field jacket, G. I. shirt and
pants. On my shoulder tabs were
the brass budges war correspond
ent." Even the most isolated hill
billy In Italy or Dalmatia knows
what they stand for. 1 carried a
musette bag containing two cans
OF corned beef, a box of rations and
six packs Of cigarettes which are
invaluable bids for hospitality. On
my web belt hung a canteen and
frst-sid pack. also took along
the typewriter with which l had
written OF the Burma and Tunisian
campaigns.
Crew Speaks no English.
Four men and the skipper COM
posed our crew. None of them
spoke English. In four days ming
ling with them I was compelled to
learn kitchen Italian. My first
meeting with the Partisan troops
was brusque but amiable. They ap-
peared promptly at coastal
rendezvous and from then on was
escorted about with considerable
military eclat-something war
correspondent isn't used to.
/ found I needed none of my food
stuffs on land but my cigarettes
Evening star., 1943-10-18

were soon distributed. never got
enough to eat, eYen when Yugoslav
families spread out their best for
me, but also didn't starve.
am not comparing myself with
Russian Marshal Semeon Timo-
shenko but If Timoshenko should
suddenly appear in Grand Junction,
Colo, he would probably create
something of the same sort OF sensa-
tion visibly aroused in the little
mountain town where I was taken
to Partisan brigade headquarters.
I particularly enjoyed the martial
songs which the Partisan troops
sang for me In the dusk of autumn
evening and one of my regrets is
that I didn't have a chance to
record their verses in my over
stuffed notebook.
Eager to Tell Their Story.
There was never any difficulty
about persuading the Partisans to
tell their storyy. They were anxious
that all aspects of their political and
military movement should be given
me In detail and they brought in
relative outsiders like the local
priests and town mayor to expand
their picture.
Once I was really frightened.
Skipper Tony was just about TO sail
across the Sea of Italy and his boat
was uncovered from its camoufiaRe
Evening star., 1943-10-18
THE EVENING STAR WASHINGTON MONDAY OCTOBER 49, 1s

spondent to enter Yugoslavia since
the Balkan lightning war two and
half years ago. No other front line
reporter has followed me there. For
one reason, it's not . simple trip to
make. Moreover, the Balkans are
in the sphere of the British Middle
East Command ut Cairo. And the
Middle East Command has declared
1t wants no more international tour
istic adventures by correspondents
accredited to Gen. Dwight d. Eisen-
hower's italian operations.
I reached Yugoslavia in 4 fishing
boat with q wheezy engine and the
Sicilian skipper swore it was a mir
acle Of heaven that the engine did
not die on us. I waited up through
two nights for him to drag up his
anchor and get started. Once, at
$50 am, he abandoned departure
because he said his boat couldn't live
out the storm that brewed up over
night. The next morning, at 4:45,
our sailing was postponed because
the news was confirmed that Split
was in German hands. Split was
among our scheduled ports Of call.
I never took 4 chance that skip
per Tony might barge of without
me. Each night slept on a bench
In the dockside building by his craft.
I Joined the 9Th Army in August
on the eve of the Calabrian inva-
Evening star., 1943-10-18

of green tree branches. Then we
heard the droning noise OF m en-
gine and Tony shouted, "Tedeschi"
(Germans) and pointed at the sky.
The sky was black with rain
clouds and whatever it was up there
didn't drop down to blast US. But ]
felt as naked to alien eyes as an
insect impaled on a pin.
Previously, = German twin-en-
gined bomber on reconnaissance did
swoop as low as couple of hundred
feet to reconnoiter the little noun
tain town, but was safely indoors
when it happened and there va,
nothing suspicious about the settle
ment which might have attracted
enemy attention.
Between my cans OF corned beef
and Tony's brown spaghetti we had
some tasty Italian meals ON the
voyage home"
Evening star., 1943-10-18

air force has At least lO-tO-l superb
ority and find yourself where not Z
friendly plane exists.
You foresake operations where
tanks and heavy guns are numbered
in the hundreds and meet allies who
have no tanks Of their own and at
tack the German armored units
suicidally with hand grenades.
If you are = war correspondent
by trade you feel = little like the
Connecticut Yankee in King Ar
thurs Court. You f1nd you have
dropped back years from the era Of
mechanical military wonders to the
time OF OK cart armies. You notice
one thing in common, however. The
men with OK carts have as stout 4
spirit as the men with supermodern
machine guns.
The first trickle of Allied supplies
is now beginning to reach Josip Broz
Drug Tto) and his army along the
Adriatic Coast.
When I went there two weeks ago
that trickle was but a promise-a
promise on which the commanders
found hope Of early victory.
l was the first Allied war corre-
Evening star., 1943-10-18
Increasing Unrest
OF Foreign Workers
In Reich Reported
By the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
MADRID, Oct. 18.-As a result OF
recent developments on both the
military and political fronts. the
100000 foreign workers who the
Germans boasted in July were
working contentedly" in the Reich
now bid fair to become one of the
Nazis' biggest problems.
Apparently disturbed by the pos
sible effect which the trend of events
in the Mediterranean might have on
these imported workers. the Ger
mans are said to have deprived them
of the last vestiges of reasonable
freedom" they were promised orig
inally.
The French were a problem even
before the downfall of Mussolini and
Haly's subsequent withdrawal from
Axis partnership.
With Italy's declaration Of war on
Germany the great mass Of Italian
workers within the Reich also def
initely warrant the Gestapo's sus-
picions that they may be far from
content. So do tens of thousands of
disarmed Italian soldiers who were
sent to Germany where they were
given the choice of working or fight
ing.
Others May Be Problem.
To these great, dissatisfied and
unruly masses of French and Italian
labor now may be added the thou
sands of imported workers from Cro-
alta, Serbia and other parts of the
Balkans-as well as small con-
tingert OF Portuguese labor volun-
teers.
Unrest in all these people may
conceivably be inspired by recent
events. and reliable reports from
Germany indicate that the Nazis--
taking no chances-have tripled
guards around the camps where both
voluntary and involuntary workers
from the Mediterranean nations are
quartered.
Heinrich Himmler. Gestapo chief
tain, is even reported to have ap-
pealed to Hitler to move some of thc
most suspicious foreign laborers out
Of Germany before it is too late
and the workers poison the minds
of good Germans"
Within the last month there is
said to have been a striking increase
of sabotage within Germany which
the Gestapo traced back directly or
indirectly to foreign workers. Even
Polish and Russian workers, who
apparently have been docile enough
until this fall. are said to be an in
creasing problem.
Must Return to Barracks.
IN Bavaria. a rising tide of dis
content with the conduct of the war
among German farmers was report
ed to have led to an order that for
eign field workers henceforth must
return each night to isolated bar
racks instead of being housed on
the farms.
Foreign neWSpapermen accredited
to Berlin are beginning to feel the
atmosphere of distrust as Nazi lead
ers worry about the presence of
"non-Germanic" peoples In the
Reich. Several Swiss correspondents
in Berlin have had trouble with the
GeStapo recently.
Neutral businessmen who previ-
ously travelled unmolested in Ger
many if their papers were in order.
now report they are stopped fire.
Quently for questioning.
Evening star., 1943-10-18
First Writer to Visit YugosIovio
Tells of PeriIs on Adriutic

Daniel De Luce, the first Al
he'd iodr reporter to enter Yuqo-
StdDia, is back in the Allied
occupied zone OF Italy after a
perilo,ts trip across the Adriatic
to German occupied Balkan ter
ritory. In Yugoslapia he inter
Dietoed members OF the Partisan
Army fighting the Germans and
sent the United States the first
eyewitness accounts OF these
guerrilla operations. In this dis
patch he tells for the first time
holO he made the trip in small
Sicilian fishing boat
BY DANIEL DE LUCE,
Associated Press War Correspondent
AT AN ITALIAN ADRIATIC
PORT, Oct. 16 Oelayed).- short
span of storm whipped sea divides
the British and American bases in
Italy from Partisan forces in Yugo-
slavia.
Cross that sea and you cross from
land of military plenty to the dir
est poverty.
You leave the front where your
Evening star., 1943-10-18

T. T>lRsr there was just wilderness. Then some men
L came and cleared away the trees and the under.
brush. Pretty soon they started to build factory
way out to nowhere and gone.
The reason was simpe-the land was cheap. Also,
they knew they could depend on the railroads laying
spur line over which they could bring in people and
raw materials and ship out their finished product.
1t wasn't long before a little cluster of houses
sprans up for the workers. Roads appeared. An
enterprising merchant opened general store.
Soon a doctor came and a dentist. A garage went
up Then drug store, barber shop, movie house.
And so the town grew. Nobody planned it that way
American initiative made it that way The town grew
as opportunity grew. 1t grew like tree slowly
Evening star., 1943-10-18

steadily surely And the trunk of the tree-the trunk
through which the lifesap fowed-was the railroad.
Every man who made his living in that town made
it from goods that came in by the railroad, that
went out over its bright rails to markets beyond.
The men who built that town in the wilderness believe
with all their hearts in free enterprise But some of
them may not appreciate the extent to which their
continued economic freedom depends on freedom
of the railroads.
The sirens of RECOMMENDATION may u us with the
theory that it is all very we'll for private businesses
to remain free, but that public carriers should be
owned by the government.
The Valley settler. (Palmer, Alaska) 1937-195?, 1943-06-11
VALLEY SETTLER, Palmer A&ska.

VALLEY SETTLER Palmer ARsAa: Carl Rasmussen, EDITOR:
FEAR::::::
The Valley settler. (Palmer, Alaska) 1937-195?, 1943-06-11


World people this refreshing and it
it Will benft resistance
acting provid Challenge
men
mi h pertinent WOULD be Dictators
subvoreive
CREDIT,
like all
badly,
right
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-11-22
Welcome, Tommies

No visitors could he more welcome in Will
nington than $50 members of the British Com
posite Demonstration battery who have re-
turned from a 13,0O0-nil> tour of American
Army posts and camps to resume their ex-
hibitions first at Fort Fisher and then at
Camp Davis, where they were stationed last
August.
On their first visit they made many lasting
friendships and won the respect and admira.
ton of everybody. 1t is pleasant to pick up
the old relationship where it was broken off
by their departure.
Nor is their return visit merely social and
recreational. The Anti Aircraft units are to
have new opportunities to observe their meth.
DDS of combat as developed in the Battle OF
London when the German Luftwaffe, with
it's superior air power, could not break the
spirit or weaken the resolution of the British
people, even after Dunkerque
There is much our forces can learn from,
these hardy Tommies. Perhaps, there is
something they can learn from us. Their
return has possibilities of mutual advantage.
They may be sure Wilmingtoniana will make
their stay as pleasant as lies within their
power.
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-11-22
Postwar Russian Trade

United States trade with Russia after the
war can well be one of the chief means of
getting this country back on its financial feet.
Much Of Russia's best land, much of her in
dustry and many Of her important cities have
been devastated. Property in ncounted mil
lions Of dollars has been destroyed. Much
must be replaced as quickly as possible be-
fore orderly and normal life can be resumed.
Such items as machine tools, equipment for
oil wells and refineries, electrical installations
and manufacturing plsnts will be needed It
is pointed out that Russia might modify a
long-standing policy and import consumer as
well as producer goods-American automo-
biles, refrigerators and vacuum cleaners.
Russia will naturally trade with other coun.
tries, too, and that trade will be welcomed
and cultivated But it is known fact that
the United States stands in highest favor with
the Soviets among the nations that have help
ed them toward industrial modernization. Rus.
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-11-22
Would Soften The Blow

What is actually going on within France is
state of affairs can only be guessed. But it
is apparent, unless all reports reaching the
outside world are false, that the aged Marshal
Petain, hero Of Verdun and Hitler collabora-
zionist, has sought to soften the blow for
the French people when Allies and Nazs meet
in battle upon French soil and, if possible,
prevent internal conflict between French
Committee of Liberation forces and Vichy
puppets when the Germans meet defeat.
He is said to have attempted to pronul-
gate a new constitution restoring French de-
mocracy, which the Germans prevented; has
tried or threatened to resign which the Ger
mans also have interviewed against and sought
to gloss over; and further reports indicate
that Pierre Laval, traitor and Nazi tool has
lost out even with the Germans
How much of this is true and how much
fiction there is at present no way of learn
ing. But what must impress all readers is
that while relations between Petain and the
Nazi overlords are strained the Germans have
not dared liquidate him, as their custom has
been with recalcitrants, and openly set up their
own regime. Not only Petaln but the Germans
too recognize the iaevitability of a German
defeat and while Petain wants to make the
future as easy for his countrymen as he can
the Nazis seek to make it easy for themselves
by having one less crime to account for wher
the day of reckoning arrives.
When Hitler was riding roughshod over Eu
rope such an attitude by an underling as th
taken by Petain would have cost him his lif'
ut once. Now Hitler's cut-throats, whethe
they still do his bidding or merely use hin
as scapegoat, keep their guns holstered AM
publicly make light Of Petain's revolt. Vichy
we believe, offers the hest evidence thus ia
IN this war that the Germans know defea
lies ahead for them an dare trying to cas-
their way out as best they can.
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-11-22
Five Million Statesmen

With economists, city. county, state, federal
Governments, and industry in general lying
awake nights scheming ways and means for
providing jobs for returning soldiers and SAIL
ors when the war is over, one man comes up
with a simple plan by which some five mil
lion men from the ranks can De given en-
ployment in single field Of endeavor.
Let them become statesmen. It's as easy
as that Everybody will want to buy some
thing. There must be statesmen to accom-
modate them, and with 130oCO,OO0 in the
population, certainly tine service OF at least
5000, 900 statesmen will be required
Lee ]. McCanne, secretary and assistant
general manager Of a great firm, advanced
the idea at luncheon Of the Sales Executives
Club recently in New York City. His pro-
posal, if faithfully carried out, will represent
enough Jobs, he said for onehalf Of the men
released from the armed forces These vet
Grams will make splendid statesmen if they
can be induced to try the profession of sell
ing and are given proper start
It might be asked what they are to sell,
with consumer goods reduced almost to the
vanishing point, at least until industry is re-
geared for peace-tine production.
Even though his proposal seems a bit Wis
ionary, Mr.. McCanne laid down four princi-
pies which he believes should guide selling
into preferred position in postwar business,
all of which have merit, to wit:
l. Selling should be made profession,
comparable to that of an architect pur-
chasing agent or traffic manager.
2. There should be stop to overselling
of radical dream models He asserted
sit is going to be hard enough to sell
whatever we can produce after the war
without butting the salesman's head
against unnecessary sales resistance
8. There should be upgrading of sales
men to higher-income brackets.
4. The cost of distribution should be
cut by increasing the nlan-hour produc-
ton of statesmen in line with the increase
which has taken place in production.
They deserve consideration, whether gas and
tire rationing ends with the war or not, and
whether there are live million men in the
armed services possessing necessary aptitude
for craftsmanship. Those who have it ought to
be given a chance to develop it.
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-11-22
The Literary Guidepost

| Farmer nor would the editor OF
the White House Cook Book I'm.
derstand what she is driving at.
This is an intensity of sensa-
ton that would be, I fear, quite
beyond most Of us. When Mrs.
Fisher looks at a beautiful souf.
flee of Gruyere her mouth does
not water, but instead her mind
grows more tense and her per.
ceptions more acute. 1t is the
same when she looks at a man
she cherishes, or at such a GU.
rious creature as the little boy.
girl singer in Jalisco. It is a kind
OF nth-degree poignancy that she
alone of comparable writer's can
get down on paper.
The result of this unique gift
is that from page one to page
295, Mrs. Fishers reader lives in
an odd world Of the senses, a
world that is not merry, but in.
tense. I do not for moment be.
lleve that the people in "The Gas.
Economical Me- were anything
IKE they have been made to seem,
put while Mrs. Fisher talks about
them, I believe. That is the i'm.
portant thing. It is unlikely that
many people will understand
what is going on in the book
but those who can do look for.
ward to something out Of this
world.