davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1943-12-30

this is an incorrect assumption or not,
it will be the Interpretation of his
silence. Judging from what occurred
in 1910, when the President would not
discuss a third-term candidacy-and'
what happened in the end-it Is a
justifiable Interpretation.
1t is exceedingly doubtful that the
Democratic party and the country at
large would agree with Mr.. Roosevelt
that the question of fourth-term can
didacy is 'picayune, meaning a thing of
slight importance. Indeed, most of the
Democratic leaders will insist that he
run again. They believe that he would
be their strongest candidate. There are
exceptions, of course-Democrats who
do not wish him to be the party NOM
inee next year. One of the most out
spoken is Senator johnson OF Colorado
who declared after the November cleo
tions, that "the New Deal is dead" and
that the Democrats had better get busy
and nominate Gen. George c. Marshall,
chief of staff, as their party standard
bearer.
1t is not without interest that dis
cussion of the New-Deal slogan by
the President himself brought the ques-
tion regarding his fourth term candi-
dacy. He previously had told a Cleve-
land neWspaperman he considered the
Evening star., 1943-12-30
New Sturt Needed

The calling off of the railroad
strike means that the President has
achieved his primary objective in
the negotiations with the railroad
unions. The trains will continue to
run and the Nation can go on with
the war. 1t would have been un-
thinkable to have permitted any
thing to stand in the way of
achieving these results.
But this does not mean that the
settlement is one which really
settles anything. The President in
duced the unions to cancel the strike
call by resort to what is plainly a
subterfuge. The railroad workers
are not covered by the wage-hour
law, having been exempted at their
own request because they thought
it would be to their advantage to
remain outside the scope of that
statute. Nor are they to be paid
for overtime now under the wage
hour law.
If the pattern established with
respect to the trainmen and engi-
neers is followed, all railroad work.
ers will receive an arbitrary pay
ment of five cents an hour for over
time. They will receive this re-
gardless of whether they work more
than forty hours week. Thus, the
arrangement is plainly disguised
pay increaSe-a device through
which the workers pay demands can
be satisfied without openly violating
the Governments wage stabilization
formula, although, of course, the
formula actually is ignored in the
settlement.
This is substantially the same
thing that was done in settling the
coal strike, when the miners were
paid a certain sum for an assumed
travel time. The assumed travel
time might or might not be the
actual travel time, but the miners
nevertheless are paid on the basis
of that assumption. This was the
first method of by-passing the sta
bilization program. The railroad
adjustment is the second. What is
the Government going to do in the
steel wage dispute and the other
similar controversies that are in the
making?
Perhaps it will be possible to fird
more circuitous ways of getting
around the wage formula. But this is
a course which can only tend to de-
stroy public respect for Government.
If the overriding necessities of war
require that higher wages be paid,
then it would seem better to abandon
these subterfuges, admit that the
present Stabilization formula has
failed and start anew. Then, at
least, we could seek a solution in a
more wholesome atmosphere.
Evening star., 1943-12-30

can be inferred that there will be more
American than British troops in the
invasion because the statement, issued
by the joint chiefs of staff, said:
"The British with one-third as large
a population as this country already
have a considerably larger number of
troops in the Mediterranean theater
than We. For other European opera
tions they ale going to put in every
thing they have got and we are going
to put in everything we can get there"
We know that the British manpower
potential is one-third as great as ours.
The fact that the chiefs of stats said
the British have a considerably larger
force in the Mediterranean, a zone
which includes North Africa, Sicily,
Italy and the Middle East, leaves no
doubt that in an operation said to re-
quire close to 100000 men we shall
have to furnish the bulk of the striking
ground force.
On the basis of the comparative pop
ulations OF the United Kingdom and the
United States the strategists of both
countries have had different strategic
concept.
The Americans always have shown a
Evening star., 1943-12-30
[Naz1S Appear Desperate Maj. George Fielding Eliot

value to their cause not in action, but
as fleet in being"
x X X
AS long as the Germans kept this
small but dangerous nucleus of fast,
powerfully armed warships in readiness
for action in their ports, three or four
times the number of British and Amer
ican warships were tied up in the North
Atlantic covering all the various convoy
routes.
The Germans derived direct benefit
from this fact as long as they had forces
in Africa, because warships operating in
the Atlantic could not be employed in
the Mediterranean. The Germans still
possess some naval interest in the
Mediterranean, because it is to their
advantage to prevent the Allies from
having such surplus of naval power as
to be able to bring overwhelming naval
support to bear for an amphibious oper-
alton against the Dodecanese Islands.
Also, the Germans probably have a
few warships in the Adriatic, which
might some day be used against an
Allied move across to the Yugoslav
coast. But in general, the release of
the Allied battleships, cruisers and
other heavy warships in the North
Atlantic now would be Of far more
direct injury to Japan than Germany.
Should the whole of the German sur
face fleet be accounted for, only the
support of amphibious operations would
remain as a reason for keeping heavy
Allied warships in the Atlantic. This
Evening star., 1943-12-30

species of humanity than the French
and were, indeed, Supermen. Where
upon, by the crude standards currently
being set up, they should have lost the
war against the French. Somehow, they
won cite these facts to show that the
question is bit more complicated than
would be indicated by our current bur-
lesque debate over whether we ought to
wear property smile or a property
frown.
The Russians do not hesitate to fire
130 guns in Moscow by way of celebra-
tion whenever they capture good-sized
provincial city, and they sometimes
make with the merriment when they
have seized only split-week town, or
one-night stand. Russian official
posters show Hitler as an animal vary
ing in aspect and dignity from a rat at
best to roach at worst, and those
contemptuous posters don't seem to hurt
the Russian soldier.
Our own worried approach to morale
Is thin, childish and insipid One of
our high (but anonymouS) officials be-
came so disturbed about our supposed
over-confidence last week that he even
predicted We were soon going to have
100000 new casualties This frantic
effort to get us to wipe the smile off our
faces was. think, panicky and disgrace
full. 1t was an expression of fear of
ourselves, just as hysterical as any
sudden expression of fear of the enemy.
We need a much richer approach to
these matters than this inept little
campaign of glum prognosis and simu-
Evening star., 1943-12-30
Samuel Grafton

lated woe. If our weapons are good,
and plentiful, the people who built them
have right to know it; a parade of
those weapons would produce more of
same than the pretense that we do not
have them. Pilgrimages by selected
Warworkers to the war fronts, to see
thelr weapons in action, would be more
IN order than to tell them they haven't
done anything yet, when they know
they have been working like hell for
two years.
A thirty-minute radio speech, telling
the evil story of Fascism and denouncing
same, would have better effect than 80
minutes OF synthetic tears over alleged
American complacency. If we want the
people to fight Fascism, why don't we
tell them the truth about Fascism
instead OF lies about themselves? Whv
not explain the Importance of the COM
Ing second-front operation, instead of
lnculcating the heebie-j jeebies about it?
An organized campaign to do lust this
IN Army camp and factory would be
the confident approach to the morale
problem. The Army has been doing
something like this through its wonder
full special services films: you don't find
sound Army officers encouraging their
men to fight by telling them that they
stink. They know morale to be a COM
plex OF work and pride and truth.
The worst aspect of our current in
formal morale program is that those in
charge of it look so scared They had
better be called off before they damage
the national morale.
Evening star., 1943-12-30

slogan outmoded and in reply to
question from the Clevelander suggested
win the War" as substitute, for his
administration. Slogans exist for cam
paign purposes. At his press conference,
the President undertook to explain what
he had meant-pointing out that the
main objectives of the New Deal had
been attained. He listed some 80 ac-
compllshments, ranging from the laws
creating Federal deposit insurance, the
Securities and Exchange Commission to
minimum wages and maximum hours
of labor He asked if any of the de-
tractors of the New Deal would remove
these remedies
To great many persons in this
country, however, the New Deal has
come to mean unlimited deficit spend
ing, with huge national debts and high
taxes toutside of the war effort en-
tirely); setting class against class play
ing politics with pressure groups having
many votes great concentration of
power in the Federal Government in
Washington, and more recently, bu-
reaucratic control of many of the activi-
ties OF private citizens as well as of all
business. These are some of the charges
leveled against the New-Deal admins
tration, to which great many people
subscribe These are the things that
any candidate for President would not
like to have tied to him in an election
campaign. These are the things which
weighed against the Democrats in the
1943 elections.
There is another item in the people S
criticism of the Roosevelt New Deal
administration its handling of labor
problems, particularly, since in 1910, the
great program of national defense was
launched, beginning with the Selective
Service Act. 1t Is today particularly in
the headlines because of the administra-
tion's handling of the threatened rail-
road strike, the steel strike and the coal
strike. The Government has been forced
to yield to labors threats and acts-to
yield and yield again. The political i'm
plication in each measure of yielding
has been understood
Evening star., 1943-12-30
Jefferson's WRITINGS

The announcements of the proposed
publication of a defnitive edition of
the writings of Thomas Jefferson by
Princeton University and the New
York Times is something important
to the average American in a meas
ure and to a degree that perhaps
may not be apparent to every citizen
at first glance. A clue to the Signifi-
canoe of the enterprise, however,
may be discovered in the affirmation
of Prof. Henry Steele Commager
of Columbia that the literary works
of the third President "are absolutely
central to an understanding of
American history" Expressed in
other language, the thoughts of
Jefferson are fundamental in the
culture of the United States.
DR.. Harold Willis Dodds, speaking
as the principal sponsor of the
project as we'll as the administrative
head of Princeton, suggests the
catholicity of the mind of the man
whom Henry Clay regarded as "the
second founder of the liberties Of
the people" His writings touch art,
science, politics, government agri-
culture, music, architecture, educa-
ton, mathematics, trade, slavery,
religion and many other depart
ments of human concern. And the
contact is peculiar Jefferson was
himself, very distinct personality.
He possessed an intelligence which
John Quincy Adams, his stern and
bitter critic, conceded to have been
of great compass" 1t likewise was
of dynamic strength and power.
Jefferson could demolish an idea
with single epithet. His capacity
to create and to build also was
Olympian. Much of "the American
way of life" traces back to him. He
transmitted to millions of people his
own especial philosophy. The heirs
Of his genius have not realized their
Evening star., 1943-12-30
P as in PuzzIinq

The Presidents penchant for
words beginning with "P"-puerile,
politics and picayune-presents a
problem and portrays the predica-
ment of the people. There is a
paradox in the prediction of a
paragon to parry presentiments, in
pique if not petulance, pertaining to
his plans. Are pesky pressmen
presumptuous, in palavers with the
President, in pressing the perennial
point as to his purposes, the portents
of which are perfectly plausible if
not palpable? Prone though they
are to provocative prediction, they
are not preposterous in their peril
nacity. One cannot placate them
with prolix parallels. They are not
pusillanimous puppets nor partisan
poltroons, but plucky patriots. A
prestidigitator should preserve his
poise, not precipitate a pother over
the persistent pursuit of pitiless
publicity on the Presidents propen-
sity for postponing the publication
OF providential announcements.
Evening star., 1943-12-30

can be accomplished just as well by
older battleships (such as the British
Royal Sovereign or the U. S. S. Texas,
and by the monitors now being built
specially for the purpose; firing at ex-
treme ranges, high speed and great fuel
endurance are not required.
y
Thus, in effect, the whole of the
British fleet could be concentrated in
the Indian Ocean, and the whole Of
the American fleet in the Pacific, as far
as the larger classes of warships are
concerned, leaving vessels especially
designed for the purpose to carry ON
the Atlantic war against the submarines.
Moreover, the whole British submarine
force could be sent to the assistance of
the American subs in their attacks
against Japanese merchant shipping.
British subs would no longer have
targets in the Atlantic.
This would be factor in advancing
the date of Japan's defeat It would
enable greater pressure to be brought
to bear against the Japanese outposts,
without diverting from the European
theater of war anything needed for the
invasion of Europe,
Evening star., 1943-12-30
Gould Lincoln

AL no time has the Government taken
rrm stand against the demands of
labor leaders-and maintained it. There
ooes not appear to be any end in sight.
either. The 'nne"-Set up in the Little
Steer formula for wage increases. and
price control, which went along with it.
has been broken. The break started
seriously with the coal strike, engi-
neered by John L. Lewis. The Presi-
dents promises to the steel workers to
get them back to work and the railroad
workers make the line no longer tenable.
The most that can be hoped for is the
formation of a new line, with higher
scales all along the line, involving both
wages and prices. Unless the Govern
ment eXerts all its power to form such
new line and hold it, the imitation,
against which we have been warned
day in and day out, will arrive, with all
It's attendant miseries. incidentally,
the Presidents demand for roll-back
subsidies. resisted by Congress-. gets a
setback with these wage increases.
The Presidents seizure of the rail-
roads and their operation by the Gov
ernment raises an issue that could have
wide political repercussions. The Pres
idents Fair Employment Practices Com
mittee not long ago issued an order to
the Southeastern railroads to make no
discrimination against Negroes in their
employ This means, in effect. that
Negro brakemen and firemen could
under seniority rules, become conductors
and engineers on the trains. The roads
declined to accede to the order, point
ing out that their contracts with the
orotherhoods themselves prevented it.
IT the President undertakes to enforce
the order, while the roads are Govern
ment-controlled, the railroad workers
may take it out on the administration
in the coming election. 1t might easily
lead to racial troubles, too. On the
other hand, if the President ignores the
order, what about the Negro vote? The
President at his press conference indi-
Gated that nothing speedy would be
done about the matter, that he would
undertake to try to work out some
adjustment.
Evening star., 1943-12-30
National Gallery

Here in these frames the centuries
assemble,
Nor time nor space ESCAPES the mioht
OF art:
Pigment Dith poaDer to set the heart
atremble
Seeks out its light and breaks the
sun apart.
Behold this sea Wtose 1Daters neper
1Ddne,
Behold these skies bearing eternal
aUings,;
Eyes that kneW happiness and love
and pain,
Lips that kissed queens and hands
that 1Delcomed kings.
Protect, o God, these pestiges of time
Which from Thy mind ,Dere gipen
unto man,
Though cities crumble in the dust and
slime
And ,De must start once more tphere
tDe began.
So shall they knoD 1Dl,o come on earth
hereafter
That there iDas Dirtue, too, and peace,
and laughter
PAUL II. OEHsER.
Evening star., 1943-12-30

rather crude approach to the complex
question of morale in wartime.
To begin with, morale is confidence.
You can't get away from it. Morale is
confidence that we can solve our prob
lens. Gloom is not morale; doubt is
not morale worry is not morale. If
these things were morale, the French
should have been busting with morale
in June, 1910, for they were filled with
gloom and doubt and worry. The
French did not think they were going
to win, and they were quite right. They
didn't win.
X
Contrariwise, the Nazi troops had
been informed, on the personal word of
their leader, that they were of higher
Evening star., 1943-12-30
Submits Four points"
On Juvenile Delinquency" Problem.

Submits Four points"
On Juvenile Delinquency" Problem.
To the Editor of The Star:
The vast publicity during the recent
months on the subject labeled Juvenile
Delinquency" is creating such confusion
that 1 am moved to invite your atten-
tlon to some of the things which are
not being said but which desperately
need TO be brought to public attention.
The thoughts expressed are not only
my own but those of every person pro-
fessionally connected with the recrea-
tlon held with whom have talked We
give them the weight of professional
opinion on this subject just as medical
men judge medical matters, clergymen
Welgh religious matters, educators con-
slder school problems, and so on. MANY
lay leaders OF the recreation movement
support these views also.
Point number one, then. is that the
term Juvenile Delinquency" really puts
the cart before the horse Those of us
who are working with children and with
agencies serving them during leisure
time know that most so-called delin-
quent acts excepting those of mentally
deflcients) are the normal expression
OF children's mental and physical growth
and their desire for adventure. We be-
neVe, therefore that the real problem
Is not Juvenile Delinquency" but Is
fundamentally the human need of all
people for wholesome creative activity.
The second thought is, now that par
ents, schools, churches, and the recrea-
ton centers have been roundlv con-
demned by one and all, including each
other, that the time has come for lis
to look at the community resources we
have and make full use thereof rather
than exchange recriminations and crv
about what we do not have. This is not
to say these resources are necessarily
adequate, but we know that existing
resources could be made to be of greater
service.
This brings us to the third point
winch is that just as professional mat
ters IN medicine are left to medical men.
ana professional matters in education
are left to school people, so should
recreation problems of technical ma
ture be left to those who know how to
deal with them. One of the i'll effects
OF the current hysteria about so-called
juvenile delinquency" is that all kinds
OF wild cat projects are Springing up.
Expedient projects started on the I'M
pulse of sentimental philanthropy do
more harm than good Let's mobilize
community forces through recognized
agencies, strengthen them, and use the
energies and skills of those trained in
this work.
The fourth, final. and probably the
most important point is that this vast
publicity has created in the minds of
youths themselves the idea that they
are in the spot light. 1t has become
smart to be problem child" MANY
OF us from day to day hear these chill
dren refer to one another as you iuve-
nile delinquent" in the way in which
they used to say "Hiya, drip" This
means that we adults are making a.
grave mistake by not consulting youth
in our planning. There have been one
or two notable exceptions of bringing
youth into planning but, for the most
part, this assistance in solving the prob
lem has been ignored.
WAYNE C. SOMMER
Recreation Secretary, Council of So
cial Agencies.
Evening star., 1943-12-30

would seem to be that Balkan royalty
did not evolve through the feudal
ages, as in Western Europe, but is a
recent innovation. The Turkish con-
quest of five centuries ago swept
away the old nobilities and reduced
those peoples to oppressed peasant
ries. When the Turkish yoke was
lifted, largely through the European
Great Powers, dynasties of Western
European origin were generally es-
tablished by the liberators. Serbia
was the exception, but there inde-
pendence was gained by two brigand
chiefs whose families have wrangled
for the throne ever since. The
divinity that doth hedge king"
ripens slowly. In the Balkans, roy
atty is still relatively green. Hence,
a killing frost may be it's undoing.
Evening star., 1943-12-30

obligation to the force deriving from
what Woodrow Wilson denominated
his attitude toward mankind"
But in the years which lie immedi-
ately beyond the war the American
community will need to appreciate
that relation. The essential canons
of democratic civilization may be
tested again and again in the era Of
reconstruction after peace has been
restored. Jefferson's guidance in
those crises will be available in the
books which the scholars enlisted by
DR.. Julian P. Boyd, Princeton libra
rian, are to bring together. The
active aid Of every owner of Jeffer-
soniana is invited 1t is good to
know that the whole tremendous
undertaking will be living memo
rial to Adolph S. Ochs, publisher of
the Times from 1895 until his death
in 1885. He served the equalitarian
Tradition all his days and we'll de-
serves such fair remembrance.
Evening star., 1943-12-30
Constantine Bro1lm

cerned, but the British general stafi
pointed out that it forced the Germans
to send at least Is divisions into
country held last year by not more
than 7.
They would have liked to see a similar
operation develop in the Balkans. They
expected the Turks to join the Allies
actively, and hoped the Bulgarians,
Hungarians and Rumanians would fol-
low the example of the Italians and
thus compel the Nazis to pour larger
number OF men into the Mediterranean
area.
In the past, when the Russians were
on the defensive, they predicated their
demand for an immediate second frcnt
on the fact that it would take away at
least 60 Nazi divisions. The Bri.igh
maintained that half that number al-
ready has been diverted to the Baikc rs
from the eastern front and from tte
Nazi reserve pool
The Russians are now on the oIc--
slve, and, what is more importc 1t,
further operations against South. n
Europe would compel the German3 10
take still more troops from the ec.;.
moreover, the British have imrlct
faith that continual air bombardnlc. S
of the Reich will destroy the mo-cie
OF the home front and curtail prod;.-
ton to point where the German him
command will give UP the fight.
~ *
This strategic concept was shelved
definitely by Premier Stain, and the
American strategists agreed with the
Russian view
The British have accepted the ma
1ority decision. But it is pointed out
that they have been preparing for
major operations In the Mediterranean,
Hence, large number of their forces
nave been dispatched to that area for
some time.
When the zero hour for the invasion
OF Western Europe comes, the number
OF British divisions necessarily will be
much smaller than the American.