davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1943-03-21

ANKARA.-"Turkey," shrewd Gen.
trail European told me, 'is like an expert
enced woman with two suitors.
She is not sure which, if either,
would be the better match for her, and
she is too wise to let affection influence
her choice
I'm the meantime she gains favors
from both"
Like most thumbnail commentaries,
this one is not completely fair, yet it
contains elements of hard truth, as is
discovered after talking to a host of
neutral and Allied diplomats and OBJ
servers in this determinedly modern
city of Ankara.
Turkey, an eastern nation in western
dress, still sits on the sidelines. the most
important single neutral in the world
today by reason of geographical posi-
tlon and her own touch fiber, mental,
moral and physical.
She is nom -belligerent ally of Britain:
she has friendship pact with Germany
and another of long standing with
Russia, and she accepts lease-lend aid
from the United States. Yet she is no
international coquette; she is simply
looking out for Turkey as wisely as she
can in world fraught with pitfalls.
Turks Desires Limited.
Turkey, with one foot in Europe, is
regarded by many persons as possibly
the ideal power to guide the turbulent
Balkans into paths of peaceful progress
and to link the western world and the
Middle East. She apparently does not
desire territorial aggrandizement as
such. She might like some boundary
and insular adjustments, but nothing in
the nature of grab is indicated.
If Turkey should not enter the war,
these dreams would be extremely diff
cult Of realization; she doubtless would
have to content herself merely with
striving toward a quiet, unspectacular
completion of the Ataturk revolution
within her present framework and with
out much foreign consideration.
But Turkeys wise men prefer this
latter more modest result to the catas-
trophe of being on the losing side. If
Turkey goes to war, it will be only after
being fully and absolutely convinced
that she has chosen rightly and with
out chance of last-minute reversal.
Since the British victory in Libya
and the American entry into North
Africa, observers in Ankara hold gen.
orally that Turkey is extremely un-
likely to plump into the war as an ally
OF Germany. This opinion is bolstered
by recent German propaganda broad
Evening star., 1943-03-21
Ball Plan for Postwar Peace
Puts Issue Clearly Up to u. S.
Attitude of American People Toward Collaboration
to Have Profound Effect on Both
Britain and Russia
BY Felix Morley.

Whatever its reception, and wholly re-
gardless of its fate, a sure niche in his
tory is reserved for the resolution pre-
sented to the Senate on Tuesday by Sem
ator Joseph H. Ball. Seldom is it possi-
BILE to assert as much for the mere
introduction of a piece of legislation
Thousands of bills and resolutions are
introduced at every session of the Con-
gress. All are duly referred to a more
or less appropriate committee. But only
a small minority ever emerge from
pigeon-holes to receive so much as
perfunctory committee hearing. And of
these by no means all obtain eventual
Evening star., 1943-03-21

this in any event, in desperate last bid
to upset the Allies plans.
If attacked, the Turks would put up
fight, probably very good one. They
have said so, many times, and they
mean it. The Turkish Army would be
no pushover. However, greater quanti-
ties Of mechanical war equipment and
some opportunity to practice with it
would greatly enhance the army's strik-
ing power.
Bulgaria Is reported to possess an
armored division, gift of the Germans
from castoffs and booty. The Turks
would like to have one, too, but prefer
ably a new one. American lease lend
might provide a new one; the recently
operative Turkish chrome agreement
with Germany might provide second
hand one.
What the Turks finally agreed to &C
cept in exchange for chrome ore is a
closely kept secret, but. Allied experts
are willing to wager that Germany,
even if she can afford it. is not going to
give up much war material which might
be used against her some day. And
that the Turks on the other hand are
not going to give up much chrome until
they get delivery-in Turkey-of goods
they really want. They want war ma
terials.
Turkey as is to be seen, is operating
IN strictly correct, self-reliant manner
to which no outsider, not even Nazi,
could properly take offense.
1t may amuse an American visitor
to see Axis ENJOYS dancing soberly in
the Ankara Palas Hotel to the strains
OF Don't Sit Under the Apple Tree
With Any One Else but Me-" but the
next selection of the orchestra is just
as likely to be an Italian or German air
to which United Nations representatives
dance with equally straight faces.
American films are popular in the
theaters, but Britain, Germany, Russia
and all the other movie making coun-
tries also are we'll represented.
One may climb into a taxicab to find
1t either German or American manu-
facture. The public buses were made
IN Russia. That motorcycle ahead there
probably came from Hungary. That
bantam car at the curb is English
or possibly Italian.
Shop windows contain merchandise
from practically every manufacturing
country in the world, without distinction
From all the evidence, Turkey really
neutral. Whether she remains So.
time alone will tell
Meanwhile, the clock ticks on in
exorably; 1t may be II O'clock soon
Evening star., 1943-03-21
BY Paul K. Lee,
Associated Press Writer.

LolUer: President Inonu.
casts which urge Turkey, almost in so
many words, to "be smart and stay
neutral" No longer, it seems, does the
Axis really hope that Turkey may join
the new order" The aim now is only
to keep Turkey from joining the United
Nations.
AS matters stand, the Allies seem fairly
content to have Turkey remain neutral
presently. There was time when this
persistent neutrality was looked upon
with some suspicion, but many we'll
informed and interested persons now
will volunteer the opinion that Turkish
neutrality alone prevented Hitler from
putting the pincers on Suez and the
whole vital Middle East last year.
Turkey may come into the war on the
side of the Allies" well-connected Dip
lomat told me, but you can bet that
when-and if--she does, it will be at
11:55 o'clock, and certainly not earlier
than 11:30. The turks know that If
they are moment late and come in
even at 1901 it will not do them much
good, but that If they come in too
early they might lay themselves open
to unpleasant Axis reprisals."
Stripped of the metaphor this could
mean that an Allied entry into Europe
would strongly incline the Turks to
active participation on behalf of the
Allies, but that they would prefer to
wait until a second front or a third
front has been we'll launched in the
Balkans. AS the Turks view geography,
even Italy is considerable distance
from the eastern end of the Mediter-
ranean.
Even now with the situation far more
favorable to the Allies, the embattled
Nazis might muster enough vengeful
power to shatter or at any rate damage
the capstone of the tier of nations COM
posing the Middle East One school Of
thought holds that the Nazis might try
Evening star., 1943-03-21

the same. His contemporaries, almost
without exception, succumbed to the
urgencies or the expediencies of the
times.
HIS marriage in 1923 was in the con-
ventional pattern of his life. His bride
was Beatrice Helen, daughter of the
Hon. Sir Gervase Beckett, a wealthy
yorkshire industrialist, Eden's father
n-law owns the Yorkshire Post. one of
br1talns influential dailies, and the Post
soon became useful outlet for the in
ternatlonal views of the new member of
commons. Throughout the period of
Brltain's confirmed isolationism the
yorkshire Post maintained the Eden
Evening star., 1943-03-21

its sponsorship oy an equal number Of
Democratic and Republican Senators, is
being too hurriedly pushed. Obviously.
preparation of the ground has not been
commensurate with the Importance Of
the project Otherwise official admin
istration support for the measure would
have forthcoming coincident with its
introduction.
Today, however, 1t is too late for such
criticism to be helpful The resolution is
before the Senate. And If 1t is sidetracked
now assertions that this course results
from bad staff work or bad timing will
be unconvincing. 1t would be charged.
and widely believed. that the fear of de-
Evening star., 1943-03-21
Eden, Hardened by War, Rising
AS ChurchilPs Heir Apparent
Foreign Minister May Have Task of Guidine
Britain Through Vital Postwar Period
Of Seeking for Security
BY Marquis ". Chiids.

Britains Foreign Minister, the hand
some, impeccable Anthony Eden, who
visited here for series of important
conversations with top-ranking Ameri-
can officials. The problems of the war
world and the ties that must inevitably
bind Britain and America if another
holocaust is to be avoided figure largely
in these talks.
That Eden had come on this mission
so fateful for the period after the war is
no mere happenstance. For Eden is
Winston Churchill's heir apparent Brit
ish conservatives have decided that when
Churchill steps out the only man in their
party with chance to succeed him as
Evening star., 1943-03-21

feat forced a With
drawal of the pro-
posal,
On balance it would
seem that there Is
nothing premature in
facing, in the near fu-
ture. the issue posed
in the Ball resolution.
1t would further seem
that the more search
ing the Senate debate
on this issue, the bet
ter for the United
States and the world
from any long-range
viewpoint.
Nobody can today
say with any certainty
whether or not the
formation Of a perma-
nent international or
ganization in which
this country would
Evening star., 1943-03-21

point of view was that
only through collec-
tive security could a
peaceful world order
be maintained.
The Edens have two
sons. Mrs. Eden, who
accompanied her hus-
band to America on
his last visit here, in
1888, was one of the
bright young people of
postwar Britain. She
did not take the world
with anything like her
husbands seriousness.
A section of the press
in Britain dubbed her
"diplomacy's widow"
because in each recur-
ring crisis Eden was in
some distant capital
doing what he could to
make the best of what
Evening star., 1943-03-21

Prime Minister is the
present Secretary of
State for Foreign At
fairs.
The reasons behind
this decision lie deep
in the intricacies of
British wartime pol
icies. Churchill has
made known to friends
and associates his de-
termination to step
out once the fighting
has ended. Churchill
considers himself a
soldier, a fighting man.
He has not f1inched
under the burden of
the conduct of this
greatest of all wars.
But the strain has
told on him and as
soon as possible after
the last gun is fired,
Evening star., 1943-03-21

NCAisnA Sboicitok n-potitbs
There is a fine
mesh to the screening
procedure of Congress.
If that were not the
case we should be
b ur e d even more
deeply in a landslide
of laws.
Senator Balls reso-
luton, however, is al
most equally impor-
tant whether it passes
or whether it fails.
Regardless of the &C
tual wording, every
one already realizes
that the resolution
definitely poses the is
sue of comprehensive
participation by the
United States in a
postwar system of in
international CO op-
Grafton. This Min
Evening star., 1943-03-21
Worry for Hitler

Hitlers reserves of manpower are run
ming low.
According to report received by
Czechoslovak circles in London the Ger
mans started recruiting campaign
among the Czechoslovaks in the concen-
trauon camps. All the Czechs born in
the Czech borderland now called Sudeten
Gau are drafted for military service in
Russia. A number of them already de-
serted and joined the Russians.
Evening star., 1943-03-21

(See EDEN, Page B-3)
Evening star., 1943-09-05
traction Company
To Extend Bus Service

The Capital Transit Co. tomorrow
will resume four more bus services
as part OF its program to restore
routes cut by the Office of Defense
Transportation last May.
Route Wa will be extended to
Eleventh and Savannah streets
Sc. from the present terminus on
Nichols avenue. Service will be pro-
vided between Boiling Field and the
end Of the extended line on half
hourly schedule during the morning
and afternoon rush hours, the COM
pany said yesterday.
The Chevy Chase loop, Route MA,
will have a doubled nonrush hour
weekday service between Connecti-
cut avenue and Wisconsin avenue by
the operation of half-hour service
in each direction, thus extending
the present line east of Connecticut
avenue. In addition half-hour serv-
Ice will be provided on Sundays.
Z In south Washington, Route AS,
weekday nonrush hour service now
terminating at Eleventh street and
Maine avenue S.W, will be extended
to Fourteenth an G streets S.W.
The G-2 nonrush hour service will
be extended from Wisconsin avenue
and P street to Thirty-fifth and o
streets to augment the present serv-
Ice already provided to that point.
Evening star., 1943-09-05
U. 5. Soldiers in Britain
Are HeaIthiest Abroad

BY the Associated Press.
LONDON, Sept. 4.-The health
record of American troops in the
British Isles is better than that Of
United States Army men in any
other overseas theater, Brig. Gen.
James S. Simmons, director of pre-
ventive medicine in the division
office Of the surgeon general, said
today in an announcement from the
Army's European theater headquar-
ters.
Gen. Simmons has just completed
an inspection of American hospitals
and other installations in the
European theater.
"The total disease rate in the
entire Army now is the lowest in
its history" he said. "In Great
Britain there are less intestinal,
venereal and other diseases than
anywhere else where our soldiers are
serving away from home"
Gen. Simmons attributed the
healthy condition of the armed
forces here to a healthful, temperate
climate, excellent British co-opera-
ton and the Army's effective medi-
cal service.
Evening star., 1943-09-05
Admiral King Maintains Most Rigid Life
Of Any Major Allied War Commander

in evaluating the strategy of war
Admiral King pointed out.
1.-THE Italians have no heart fol-
war and they surrender easily" he
asserted. "The Germans are fine
fighters and are realists. They sur.
render when they realize they are
outclassed in men and equipment
"But tn Japs are different. They
are cruel and beastly, beastly for the
sake Of being that way. They will
kill themselves before they will sur
render and we are going to have te
kill every one along the route to
Toxic. There is no short cut to that
victory"
Will Shift Fleet.
He explained that the day is not
far away when we can move ships
from the Mediterranean and At
lantic through the Panama Canal
to the Pacific.
Needless to say we have studies
before us on how to make the best
use of naval forces that soon will
be released from the Atlantic and
Mediterranean" he stated.
Not satisfied with mere submarine
and surface experience, Admiral
King took to aviation training when
he was 40 years old. This makes
him man of such wide knowledge
that another of the Navy's tough
guys" Admiral Emory S. Land, said
of Admiral King:
He is the broadest-gauged man in
experience the Navy ever produced. u
(Released through N.ANA)
Evening star., 1943-09-05

What Is Admiral King thinking
these days? What about the course
Of the war? Is the end in sight?
tn admiral, of course, has his
opinions but for the most part he
keeps them to himself. He doesn't
grant interviews or hold press con-
ferences. 1t would suit him just as
well II he never saw his picture or
read his name in the newspapers or
magazines. You get the idea from
knowing this 65-year-old sea dog
that he Is pretty confident of the
day when Japan is crushed and the
ships carrying the Stars and Stripes
roam the seas unmolested.
I'll do the best I can with what
I've got, Admiral King said recently
when the writer called for a chat
with the man so few people know.
Admiral King talked at length
about the cooperation between the
Army and Navy, of his great admi-
ration and respect for Gen. Mar
shall, his Army counterpart. OFF,
GERS who attended conferences lead
ing up to the North African in
vasion have told the writer that
Admiral Kings knowledge of the
overall global war picture sur
passed that of any of the British
ers. Gen. Marshall works hand in
hand with the Navy and often has
told friends of the hearty co-opera-
ton shown by Admiral King.
Jap Campaign Planned.
"You know" he said, there's
bound to be bit of friendly rivalry
between the services but I insist
there be only one uniform in this
war, the uniform of Uncle Sam"
Admiral King already has COM
pleted plans for the big windup of
the campaign against the Japs.
Naturally the high command has
plans for every eventuality but the
Navy's boss is unable to make any
guess as to when the little brown
men will be forced to unconditional
surrender"
The psychological background of
races that fight wars are important
Evening star., 1943-09-05
Captive Of Jops Writes Wife
He Is Too Ornery to Die
D. c. Womun Hears
Flyer Husband Is
In Good Health

II am too ornery to die"
That's how Second 1t. william
H. Powell, jr., "a, told his wife he
was well In q letter received last
week from the Zentsuji War Prison
Camp In Japan.
Mrs. Powell, who lives at 5437
Thirty third street NV, said this
expression, and the flourish he used
on his signature, a trademark be-
tween them during courtship days
at Oregon State University, made
her feel his remarks were not
forced.
1t. Powell declared he has been
given considerate treatment at the
hands Of the Japanese and am in
good health" His remarks about
the Zentsuji Prison Camp substan-
tiate favorable Red Cross reports,
which state the prisoners have good
housing and bath facilities, enjoy
sports and radio recreation pro-
grams, and work at paid outdoor
jobs. There is an infirmary In
camp and q military hospital nearby.
Joined Air Forces
1t. Powell left college after his
junior year and joined the Air
Forces in June, 1910. He got his
wings and commission at Stockton
Field, Calf. and went to the Phil
ippines in April, 1941.
Now why in the world would
they want to give flyers tin helmets" /"
he wrote from there shortly before
Pearl Harbor.
Mrs. Powell said he soon found
out. During the battle Of Bataan
she got q cablegram saying, aStiIl
flying. Love-" Later came: Merry
Christmas. Living in the field. Rough
but healthy. Love-" Between the
two messages, 1t. Powell had been
grounded because there were no
planes to fly. He and other Air
Forces men took up their tin he'll
NETS and fought with the infantry
until they were captured.
While at college, 1t. Powell had
Evening star., 1943-09-05

always wanted to fly, 90 to the
Philippines and see Japan. He has
done all three, Mrs Powell said, but
not exactly the way he wanted.
Red Cross reports state that Zent-
suji probably Is among the best Of
the Japanese prison camps. It has
$40 Allied prisoners, 234 Of whom
are Americans. Housing is in two-
story army barracks in the hills.
The prisoners plant potatoes, vege-
tables and wheat, or work at near
by railway stations and in q viii
lage bakery. The scarcity of cloth
ing has been overcome by the use
of oyercoats and uniforms captured
by the Japs.
Baseball, cricket, deck tennis and
weekly hikes into the hills provide
plenty OF outdoor exercise. There
is a library of 500 books as well
as Japanese-edited English language
propaganda newspapers and maga-
zines.
Evening star., 1943-09-05
|WFA Removes Limit
On Meat Slaughter
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
The War Food Administration an
nounced yesterday inventory re-
strictions on all slaughterers and
meat handlers have been suspended
temporarily, effective at once, as a
follow-up to the two-month sus-
pension of quota limitations on
slaughtering announced earlier last
week.
These inventory limitations, which
have been in effect since June g.
have been based on slaughter quotas
in the case of large slaughterers
those in classes ! and 2 A. Since
quotas have been suspended, VITA
officials said, inventory controls nc
longer apply to these slaughterers.
In the case of smaller slaughterers
and also meat distributors, inven-
tory restrictions have been based
on weekly deliveries. Officials said
removal Of inventory controls for
the smaller slaughterers was neces-
sary to place all segments of the
meat industry on the same basis.
Evening star., 1943-09-05
|0PA Planning 10 Push
For Price RoIIbacks
Despite Wage Boosts
BY the Associated Press.


The Once of Price Administra-
tion does not intend to siacken ef-
forts to depress the cost of living
even though average weekly pay en-
velopes have gone up faster than
living costs, Chester Bowles, OPA
general manager, declared yesterday.
Mr.. Bowles issued the statement.
he said, to correct what he called
erroneous impressions drawn from
OPA figures showing that average
weekly and hourly earnings had
gone up faster than the cost of liv-
ing. The figures were wrongly in
terpreted In some quarters, Mr..
Bowles said, as indicating that OPA
felt 1t could stop reducing prices.
"Of course, that is wrong" Mr..
Bowles said. $50 far as this agency
is concerned, we intend to do every
thing possible to continue and speed
up the reduction in the cost Of liv-
ing. We want to see the cost of
living figures reduced to the point
at which wage rates were stabilized.
We know the large percentage OF
the American people agree with
u.s."
Although weekly wages have gone
up, Mr.. Bowles said hourly wage
rates had been effectively stabilized
by the War Labor Board at the
levels Of September, 1912" while
living costs on the other hand rose
81 per cent between that date and
May Is, 1943.
Mr.. Bowles said OPA must still
bring about a reduction of As per
cent before prices are brought down
into line with the stabilized wage
rates.
Under the stabilization agreement
the only thing that can and
should be stabilized Is hourly wage
rates." he observed.
ITO attempt to freeze total weekly
earnings would be both unfair and
disastrous. It would be unfair be-
cause men cannot be expected te
work harder, at higher skills and
more hours per week for the same
weekly pay. It would be disastrous
because it would wreck the policy
Of getting maximum production
from our limited manpower."
Evening star., 1943-09-05
First Troop Sleeper
Viewed by Officials
Al Union Station

The first troop sleeper" a triple
decker Pullman car designed espe-
cially to transport soldiers in COM
fort, was on exhibition yesterday at
Union Station.
High Army and Navy officers and
others viewed the new type Of Sleep
ing car and pronounced 1t an In
genious coach which looked thor
oughly comfortable.
The car will accommodate 80 men.
1t opens in the center, and the
three-high berths contain standard
Pullman equipment-springs, mat
tresses and bedding. There is ample
aisle space, and at each end of the
= car are wash basins, toilets and
drinking water. Plenty of window
space has been provided through
out the car.
Seats I'm Daytime.
During the daytime, the top berths
remain fixed, while the middle and
lower berths form long seats, giving
the car somewhat the appearance of
SOdIItCS.
The troop sleeper was the first to
g come out of the Pullman-Standard
Car manufacturing plant at Mich
igan City, Ind, and it arrived here
yesterday morning attached to the
Pennsylvania Railroads crack Lib
erty Limited.
Some 1900 of the new cars are
to be delivered to the Defense Plant
Corp. subsidiary of the Reconstruc-
ticn Finance Corp, by the end OF
the year.
Postwar Use Planned.
While the sleepers will be used
exclusively by troops, they are SINH
lar in principle to designs which
Pullman worked out Just before the
war. The company, it was an
nounced, expects to introduce these
on wide scale after the war.
Thus, in the postwar era, ticket
agents may tell prospective passen-
gers: IT haven't a lower berth. But
I can give you a top or middle,
whichever you prefer"
The cost of the troop sleepers is
described as fraction of the ex-
pense Of building standard Pull
man car. Non-critical materials are
used In the new type to large
extent.
Those who inspected the sample
car included Maj. Gen. Charles P.
Gross, chief of the Army Trans
portation Corps, and Brig. Gen.
Robert H. Wylie, assistant chief in
charge Of operations.