davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
La gaceta., 1943-09-07

propia piel, esta sirviendo para
acrecentar ell odio antique y la
tente que los a%ustriacos y espe-
cialmente los vieneses han sentido
siempre hacia los alemanes.
La gaceta., 1943-09-07

IGTON.-La arnis-
-aci6n de unas re-
p~ericanas con otras,
n la elocuente ms
"a Dor ell S~ecretario
senior Cordell Hull
rs, al abogar por la
h~enisferica en- Ia
a Interarnericana
1888, evit6 que Sc
Ia guerra hasta las
costas del Nuevo
bStSbleci6 la base de
IS v~ictOriss de les
midas, p~
n6 Ell senior "A. "A. Berle,
Auxiliar de Estado, en-
Due p~ronunciara Ultima
ote una de las radiod-
Ia Universidad Inter
lei AirO. Estas son las
senior Berle:
ar la union de la fuerza
! las naciones libres de
senior Hull y sus cole
en- Lima los cimientos
possible las victorias de
II smA
nic0s que e~scarnecieron
nteramericana de coope-
E buenos vecinos. Hoy
rnecen. Gracias q esta
B hemos librado de que
a nuestras ciuda-
estras propias playas."
moral
RIA que ha mantenidc
Iemisferio Occidental er
te conficto mundial, he
uerza moral: una fuerzs
las ideas de hombres Ii
a I'm mundo mas
digno."
norteamericano re.
Ell Secretario de EstadC
, afrm6 en- la Conferen
a que "las ideas mobiles +!
espirituales a~lcanzan, a
abO, mayor triunfo qu'
Gales que Sc basan en- Il
'Ses despues, Hitler des
US planes de c~onquistt
al POGO tempo las ma
de acuerdo col
ion de Lima, Sc compro
n Panama a manteners
Evening star., 1943-01-31

street building work consisted mostly Of
grading and surfacing with old material,
which had to be broken up and mac
adamised before surfacing was done by
Highway Department men.
Road and Street Work.
'The nature Of projects In the Highway
Department" he stated. was such that
in most cases 1t was feasible to use ma
chinery in building the type of roadbed
undertaken Hence the use of WPA
hand labor mater ely added to the unit
cost. WPA wes never equipped with
machinery We own little equipment,
since We place our work out under con-
tract, on competitive bidding. can say.
however, that the District did gain con-
siderably from the assistance given by
WPA funds. OF course, the sewer and
water mains laid for Maj. Gordon's de-
partment was OF permanent value"
From the standpoint Of District WPA
Manager Paul c. Rogers, WPA left
markers and monuments here. He said
dexterous fingers had to work to weave
nearly million garments: school chill
dren receiving hot lunches did not ask
if WPA appropriations followed a par
tisan pattern: to women who learned to
operate power machines, and men who
welded pick and shovel to earn a little
money the hard way, WPA offered bodily
sUstenance while awaiting a clearing of
the economic skies
1t Rebuilt People.
Mr.. Rogers lived with WPA from its
beginning Let's hear his story:
The WPA program in any community
was exactly what the people Of that COM
muhity wanted 1t to be. Projects were
decided by local government officials, and
the people OF their own communities
Evening star., 1943-01-31

ers in the District. These courses IN.
cluded aircraft mechanics and mainte-
nance, automotive mechanics. drafting,
electricity, machine shop. sheet metal.
ship carpentry and arc Welding.
Some 1888 WPA workers entered these
courses, OF which 62s were white and
1880 were colored. OF the total number
trained, total Of 1859 were placed in
private employment; 1919 were found not
suited for training after enrolment, IS
voluntarily withdrew from the courses
and IS still remain In training. the Dis
trict manager said.
Some of the agencies which took over
WPA employees included Boiling Field.
Boston Navy Yard, Norfolk Navy Yard.
Bureau Of Standards, Commerce Depart
ment, Glenn Martin aircraft plant, In
dianhead Proving Ground, Naval OBJ
servftory, Philadelphia Navy Yard, Sun
shipyards at Chester. Pa: Torpedo Plant
at Alexandria, United States Air Force
and Navy Yard here, Navy Yard 1t Pearl
Harbor, and War Department.
When the Japs plunged America into
the global war with their sneak attack
on Pearl Harbor, . survey showed ap-
proximately $500 persons were employed
On the District WPA rolls Every worker
was classified into four categories, Mr..
Rogers pointed out a. follows:
l. Those capable Of being absorbed
into war industry.
q Those who could Be trained for war
jobs.
3. Those who fitted into the private
employment industry picture
4. Physically handicapped and aged.
Through December, 1942, the District
WPA received $42415,644 Of Federal
funds and sponsor funds amounting to
Sl0,223,246, grand total of $52, ,638, 800
That is large sum of money or a small
sum In an age of q billion
dollar budget, according to ones point
Of view.
WPA gave comedians many wise
crack; It helped to relieve the dullness
Of many conversations. It was praised
and condemned, extolled and ridiculed.
Was It IN economic waste or social
blessing? WIN 1t come back in the post
war period in different garb? Your guess
u - good as mine.
Evening star., 1943-01-31

could be developed in decent living quar-
ters than could be produced in foul
smelling, crowded forecastles and . strong
hunch that 1t was folly to put out to
sea with totally green hand.
The good old days Of the sea, as de-
picted by Joseph Conrad and others, may
have been picturesque, but the results
were none too practical. Though 1t would
hardly do for Conrad to admit 1t, q
corps graduate In 4 few months learns
more about the sea than . hard knocks"
graduate learned in q lifetime, and be-
sides that, need not spend half his time
thinking UP ingenious tortures for the
captain and the mates.
The seaman too, as distinguished from
the ofncer, Is not neglected. His knowl-
edge requirement need not be so rigid.
but he must know something Of his task.
Hence the apprentice seaman course Of
the Maritime Commission-this, in con-
trast to the Cadet Corps, being product
Of the war, though likely to continue in
peace.
"The purpose Of the service" says its
bulletin, 'is to assist in the maintenance
Evening star., 1943-01-31
BY Frank Carey,
Associated Preas stan Writer.

Maps that Tight up" like Christmas
tree in an otherwise darkened airplane
and enable . pilot to chart his course
over enemy territory without being seen
from enemy planes or from below . {.
This is one Of the latest developments
by Uncle Sans Army map makers who
work here in camounaged building on
the outskirts of the city. turning out
road directions to Toxic and Berlin for
Americas fighters.
More than $500 men and women, the
majority OF them civilians, work virtu-
ally around the clock, making military
maps and charts for our armed forces in
every theater Of war operations, and
they also supply some to our Allies.
Charting Life and Death.
Artists, craftsmen, researchers, trans
lators. geographers, printers, laborers
and filing clerks, they are as much a
part OF the fighting army as are the
Evening star., 1943-01-31
Military Map Makers Work New Miracles

lithosraphic presses rumble "a hours .
day, grinding out neat, colored patterns
Of the terrain Of Casablanca and Yoko-
hama and hundreds Of other places.
Men and women who seldom travel
farther than the busline limits of Wash
ington. bend over drafting boards and
etch on paper the location Of desert wells
in Libya, windmills In Tunisia and sand
dunes swept by the winds of the
Pacific.
Theirs is far different approach to
map-making than that of the men who
plot the maps you find in grammar
school geography textbooks.
The military map must be far more
than a nice-looking picture of coun-
try or region, containing dots for the
cities and wavy lines for the rivers.
Vital Information.
It must contain every possible item Of
information for fighters in strange
country. It must contain such guide
posts as mountains, railroads, telegraph
lines, hills. lighthouses. cemeteries, path
ways, churches, schools-even an oc-
casional farmhouse
It must describe the contours Of the
area, note the depth Of rivers and har-
bors indicate vegetation that would fur
nish ccncealment-and sometimes even
show the location of water At to drink.
For this reason, the data 1t contains
often must be drawn from material
never designed for use by fighting men.
When Gen. Macarthur bends over q
map n Australia. he well may be look
Ing at the collective intelligence Of Army
engineers, q lonely Pacific missionary
who died years ago. an adventurous ex-
plorer. an editor OF tourists guide, q
Harvard geography professor. an assist
ant researcher in the Library of Con-
gress-and an engineer for an oil COM
pany!
The mapmakers consult every possible
item of source material before they plo,
new map. In their own library they
have more than half million differen,
maps covering areas from Pole to Pole
and ranging from rough sketches made
by missionaries to detailed maps fur.
nished by the photographers Of Admira
Byrdb expeditions. They also have thou.
sands Of aerial photograph.
Evening star., 1943-01-31

Of 3 trained and etlcient Merchant
Marine personnel by providing an ade-
quats training system and contributing
benefits for seamen of good character
=. and to make available to inexperi-
enced young men OF high caliber . suit
able course Of instruction in subjects
pertaining to the deck, engineers and
stewards departments aboard American
merchant ships"
These men, too. have shore stations
and training ships. Many Of the subjects
they learn are identical with those
taught in the Cadet Corps-subJects that
every man Of the sea ought to know.
Until they learn, they are apprentice
seamen, on probation for seven months.
Deck enrolleGs stand watches as look
out, quarterma ,ter and signalman. En-
gineer enrolleeS stand watches as fire.
man, oiler and watertender. Rescue work
at sea is taught; handling small boats
under oars and sails, safety precautions,
hrst aid, operations of blocks and tackles,
the compass, lights and fog signals, steer
ing, rigging and many others.
Specialists learn about the ships en-
Evening star., 1943-01-31

They consult tourists guides foe names
Of streets. They comb through unpub-
lished scientific surveys. They read jour-
mails of dependable travellers. They study
British desert maps which, still have the
sands OF Lbya In their folds, and
They get much Of their data from Jap.
anese imperial land surveys and geo
graphic treatises, and from reports Of
German geographers!
Ironically, the map service has moro
tactical information about Japan, italy
and Germany than it has about the
United States-for the simple reason
that comparatively few strategic maps
Of this country have ever been prepared.
Col. william A. johnson, commanding
officer of the map service, says there's
never been much money kicking around
for such projects.
But, while the map service now u
working to overcome our inadequacies In
our own backyard, Army engineers point
out that our shortcomings along that line
have comforting corollary.
III WE haven't strategic maps OF the
United States" smiled one oficer.
neither has the enemy. We can DO Q
hell Of lot more damage to military OBJ
jecties in their countries than they could
do In ours!"
Enemy Maps.
Map service of1cials have reason 70 Be.
neve, however, that the Germans and
the Japs have tried to Ill In few Of
the gaps. They know, for example, that
map Of farm area In Illinois reets In
the archives Of Germany, and that . Jap
once sent g to oficials of West Coast
city with request for map Of tho citys
water system-which wAs sent out BY
return mail!
On the other hand, Japan and Ger
many probably are the two best st-mapped
countries in the world from 4 military
standpoint, and in peacetime, these maps
were easy to get
"The Japs," said COL johnson, saro
particularly thorough In their map-mak-
ing, and the maps contain practically
everything we want-even though all the
laundry marks they contain make them
difncult to read. We employ many
translators and also have tho services q
Americans Who lived many ysazs in
Japan"
Evening star., 1943-01-31
What WPA Accomplished Here

employment to them" Manager Rogers
asserted. In many cases their father,
the main family breadwinner. had been
laid OF. The effect on youth was ter
rifc. They had been told America was
a land of opportunity for those willing to
work with hands and head. The de-
preston changed all that"
Valuable Training.
This meant, he continued, that WPA
had to teach these people how to make a
living, training which schools had
either neglected or failed to emphasize.
WPA furnished that training, at least to
those susceptible Of adapting themselves,
and began placing men and women in
private employment as economic con-
ditions improved, he asserted. Common
labor was put to work digging bitches for
the laying Of water and sewer mains,
the construction Of wire fence protect
ing the Districts water supply against
sabotage, the improvement OF airfields
and other public works.
During the nfe Of the District WPA it
certified approximately 10000 persons for
work Figures announced by Mr.. Rog-
ers throw interesting light on the scope
Of the District activities. The maxi
mum number Of projects in operation
here at one time was So; the maximum
number of construction workers em-
ployed at one time, 1000; the maximum
number of construction workers
employed at one time, 1000, and the
maximum number of all workers en-
ployed at one time, 1000.
National Defense Work.
In July, 1910. the national defense
training program offered pre-employ-
Evening star., 1943-01-31
Training American Seamen for War Duty

gtnes, radio operation and even cooking.
Men making mistakes ars corrected
without abuse possible exception
being the cooks. who may have TO take
the rap from fellow apprentices BY being
obliged to eat what they ooncoct.
Able. Bodied Seamen.
After seven months the graduate b.
comes an ordinary seaman, ready to b
hired on . Ships crew. When he has
made few trips, the master OF the ves.
sci may recommend him for promotion
to AB-able-bodied seaman, q, more
commonly, able seaman.
With war on, requirements for both
ofncers and seamen are increased. More
stress is laid on rescue work, for In
stance, and in addition, . highly spec.
tacular drill is included, namely, learn.
ing how to swim In blazing gasoline.
Yes, this is really done.
Ofhand you might think It impos.
sible, even for flre eater In q circus,
The best and only defense, you might
think, against being caught In . SEA OF
naming gasoline would be to pinch your
self quickly-you would have time foe
that-in the hope that you would wake
up safely In bed from your, nightmare.
That's only because you haven't tried It,
The cadet, though, alps into the water,
ring Of gasoline Is laid around him, and
touched of. He must swim to the OUT
side Of the ring. He takes deep breath.
dives and heads for it, but the ring Il
too wide to make on one breath. He
therefore comes up, failing his arms
widely to make . temporary clear space.
gets another breath and dives again. and
so on until safety It is not 20 dangerous
Is it looks-no one has yet been injured
in the slightest by the ordeal.
Neither Of these schools, though naval
in character, is . part of the Navy. They
are run by the War Shipping Adminis-
tration. The enrollees, civilian volun.
teers. are still civilians when they gradu-
ate, in spite Of their uniforms. Later
they work on private merchant vessels-
definitely war work, however, becauso
practically every ship in the merchant
marine is engaged In prosecuting the
war, directly or indirectly.
The Navy accepts no more volunteers,
but the merchant marine Is not the Navy.
The youth who likes the sea, and wants
to help win the war, has . chance In the
merchant marine He Is needed. The
War Shipping Administration viii, upon
inquiry. furnish additional Information.
Evening star., 1943-01-31

were put to work when they couldn't nnd
employment elsewhere.
"The biggest thing WPA did was to re-
build people. That's the thing I'm
proudest Of.
"1f the WPA worker occasionally
leaned on Z shovel, 1t was because he
could not nnd employment In his own
community. He was q victim Of eco
nomic circumstances he did not create. F"
Evening star., 1943-01-31

stages the WPA men were inexperienced.
It was new work to them. Later they
became proficient will not comment
on any factors other than the economic
one, but do say the District benefited
greatly from the assistance given by
WPA. Larger BENEFITS would have re-
suited had all the WPA money for public
works been given to US alone"
Can't. Whitehurst said WPA road and
Evening star., 1943-01-31

He pointed out that the District WPA
placed 2,910 persons in war Jobs calling
for specialized skills during the last six
months. Classroom training produced
an additional 1889 persons who were
placed In clerical jobs In private industry.
Boys and girls who had never worked
before-easer youths Just graduating
from high school-found that the de-
preston had locked the doors Of private
Evening star., 1943-01-31
BY Basil Gordon.

Ships will win the war!
So say their builders, who are con-
structing them at rate that seems
miraculous, and launching them In gala
style, with champagne and trimmings
But without men to operate them,
they might as we'll never exist. For them
to be Of any use in the war, they must
be accompanied by other "launchings" OF
trained personnel, from academies Of the
sea corresponding to shipyards for the
vessels themselves.
Time was when the only such academy
was the school of hard knocks, many Of
them quite literal, at the hands Of
''bucko- mates" who entertained the
quaint notion, that the best way to
educate green seaman and secure his
collaboration was to scar his immortal
soul with bitter oaths and bruise his
mortal body with Delaying pin. Better
methods prevail now
1t was recognized that big advantage
could be obtained If prospective ships
officers could receive preliminary train
Ing, along technical lines, at shore sta
tions with class rooms and competent
instructors, together with practice vessels
for actual cruises.
From this idea developed the United
States Merchant Marine Cadet Corps
whose purpose, In the exact wording Of
the institution, Is to help young Amer
leans possessing strong desire for =
career as an officer In the Merchant
Marine Of the United States" The corps
was established in 1888, largely through
the efforts Of Admiral Hugh A. Wiley,
U. 8. N, formerly retired, but back on
active service since Pearl Harbor. It Is
now supervised by Capt. Edward Macau-
ley, U. S. NJ, retired.
New Navigation Methods.
The corps has three stations-at Kings
Point, Long Island: Pass Christian, Miss,
and San Mateo, Calf. All have fine
equipment, the best Of instruction and
spacious beautiful surroundings. In q
way. all this was q gamble.
It was bet that better officers could
be turned out, in less time. by modern
methods than by old ones. It was an
assumption that more practical naviga-
ton could be learned by competent In
struction, including the right to ask
questions than by believing order,
never explained. backed up with belay-
ing pin. It was guess" that better spirit
Evening star., 1943-01-31

troops in jungle and desert, because tho
accuracy of their plotting and crafts
manship can mean life or death for
thousands of men in foreign fields.
Three hours after the Japs struck at
Pearl Harbor. the Army Map Service
was turning out strategic maps Of the
Philippines by the hundreds. and few
hours later, the precious sheets were
being sped by airplane to the West
Coast.
And, months before our troops occu-
pied Africa, the map makers were ac-
tually plotting every step Of the way
while they kept one Of the newsiest
secrets OF all time.
Win Army.Navy e.
The latter Job was one Of the chief
factors in winning for the service people
the Army-Navy "E" award for produc-
ton services beyond the call of duty,
but they're not resting on their laurels.
With production rate averaging
1000 900 maps a mountaineering from
sketches of whole countries to target
charts" for possible future bombings of
the heart of Japan--the service actually
is furnishing munitions by the ton.
The new "lghtup' maps were de-
veloped shortly before the African
adventure.
Fluorescent inks, which glow in q
darkened chamber under q small beam
Of ultraviolet light, are used In the
printing of the special maps Here's
how many of our pilots have been using
them in dangerous night missions in
Africa:
Clean in Darkness.
The pilots wear small ultra violet
ray lamp on their helmets-lke q
miners lamp-and they switch 1t on
when they want to see their maps In
the otherwise darkened cabin of the
plane They bend their heads over the
fluorescent maps and In few minutes
the bold outlines of the sketch CLEAN
back at them through the gloom. Thu
ultraviolet ray Is 30 dim 1t can't b<
seen from the ground or by enemy
planes.
In the map makers building, huge
~ -
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-06-26

STOCK MAN
Young man 90 handle incoming and out
going small stock steady work Apply
employment department. Ridley Cleaners
ss0l Hamilton at Holden
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-06-26

woman as cook, man
a. helper, references. Call Mitchell
Hotel. Vinewood 2-a644.
COUPLE-Housework; room. board some
wsSes. husband employed elsewhere
University 1-fs4.
CoUPLE-Husband employed elsewhere,
wife for Homework, own apartment.
University t2s7S.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-06-26
Employment Agencies

JONES EMPLoYMENT-4iis Rssubisn
CcIurC 5-FactorN workers hotel cafs
co1rtsr girls maids ofhos workers S25-
s3o.S35. Columbia 1917.
The future outlook., 1943-07-10
INCRE ASE
EMPLOYMENT
OF NEGROES IN
INDUSTRY

Figures released by the war
urnpoWer commission today show
II slow but Slendy increase in the
use Of Negro workers ia war
plants throughout the country
Nrgrocs comprised IS per cent
Of the l2.OWO.OO0 workers cm-
ploycd in establishments reporting
To the United States employment
service IN .1uly. 1912. In March,
1913. 93T .OOO uon-WhilcS were
employed In 16.OOO establish
mcnts, representing 81 per cent
of the 1l.G73.OOO workers IN these
Establishments. Month to month
changes show n steady increase IN
the number aud proportion Of
Negro employed.
While more Negroes have been
employed In nearly all war indus
tries, the fltItlSp lliiS lltttl lul-
even: Slight Ia some instances
and marked in others. The num-
Der of Negroes at work in tank
factories more than doubled dur
Ing the period reported. while to-
tai employment IN that industry
Increased only BIB per cent. In
the aircraft industry Negro en-
ploylnent increased 061 per cent
in comparison to II total employ
ment increase Of 35.1 per cent
Two and one-third per cent more
Negroes were making motor ve-
/ hicleS in November, 1912, than
| in May. of that year, though to-
| tai employment IN the industry
increased only So per cent In
ShipbuldinG Negro employment
increased 62.S per cent between
May. 1912, and November. l9l2.
The future outlook., 1943-07-10
BENNETT ANNOUNCES
MUSIC MAJOR

\ ma .iur in music will hr avail.
able for students of music ,l,e
partmcu ~ Bennett college this
fall--thuS enabling the institution
to meet the increasing demand for
trained workers Ia public school
music.
New COURSES. according to Orriu
Clayton Suthern, II, director ri
muSic, are being added to the eur
riculun to fit Il graduate io teach
public school music or to pursue
gradate work IN the field
\ new instructor, Miss teral-
dine Patterson. has been added 10
thc music faculty nS instructor of
voice. She Is II graduate Of the
Howard university school Of nli-
sic and has been head of the
voice department Of Florida a.
and NJ. college. She is studying
this summer at the University ot
Michigan She appeared 1T the
college as guest Soloist for the
hucCalaurcate service h s
spring.
r. Nathaniel GHtlin. clarinciiSi
and director or the orchestra will
teach theory and instrumental mu-
sic. Miss Marion fhnckrr viii
teach piano aud Mr.. SuIhrrn will
teach theory, piano, organ, and
direct the college choir
The future outlook., 1943-07-10
WHAT'S COOKIN'
IN BRITAIN?

Not as much as in the United
States. British weekly rations
per person allow six ounces OF
edible fat (butter or margarine)
OF which not over two ounces
can be butter; two oulrces Of
cooking fat; -four ounces Of
cheese. Meat is rationed on a
different basis ~ only one shill-
ing and tuppence worth may be
bought per week, and though it
depends on the cut. an average
ration would be one pound. la