davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Nome nugget., 1943-10-15
ANNOUNCE MARRIAGE

MT. and Mrs. L. E. Ost of Coun- Gil, Alaska, announce the mar riage of their daughter, Virginia Lois Hope to Cpl. Wallace c. McIvor, on the 18th of October. at Council, Alaska. The Rev. MT. Emory Lindgren of White Noun tain officiated.
 The bride was sweet in her mothers wedding gown. The groom, well known in Nome is in the service of his county. L. E. Ost gave the bride away. Her brother John was best man. Mrs. Earl Towner and Mrs. Allan Doyle, in white satin fornnals, sang "Oh Promise Me" and "I Love You Truly" The family, 20 strong, gathered for dinner fol- lowed by an evening reception. Miss Grace O'Connor and MT, and Mrs. Lindgren assisted nobly in making this a happy event.
 Good wishes follow this below. ed daughter and new son.-(Con- tributed).
The Nome nugget., 1943-10-15
FEDERATED CHURCH BOARD MEETS

After several weeks of detailed planning, the Board of Trustees of the Federated Church is ready to go ahead at once with altera- tions in the church building.
 For some time now the facili- ties have been inadequate and over-crowded for certain groups and occasions. By utilizing some of the waste space and innprov- ing the general plan of the build ing of the church will be more useful to everyone in the com munity.
 The proposed changes would give these added benefits:
 l. Two more Sunday school rooms which will also be used for recreational and social pur- poses by civilians and the army. A movable partition will make these two rooms into one.
 2. A more beautiful and wor- shipful church auditorium.
 3. The construction will be so arranged that the social and rec reational rooms can be combined with the church auditorium to adequately care for such special events as Christmas, Easter, dramatic productions, and con- munity funerals.
 4. A special entrance will be made to the social and recrea- tional rooms in order to prevent passing through the sanctuary of the church.
 Plans for the annual financial budget and securing the building fund will be made at the same time.
The Nome nugget., 1943-10-15
THANKS!
 October 13, 1943.

Editor,
 Nome Nugget. Dear Sir:
 The Religious Council of Nome wishes to express to you and your staff it's sincere appreciation for your courtesy and generosity in cooperating with the Religious Survey of Nome.
 The religious survey was very gratifying, already 75 per cent of the city has been reported on and it is hoped that a full 100 per cent will be in by this Sun day evening. It is a great satis- faction to know that in these busy times 35 people are willing to give sufficient time to call on all the homes in this entire city.
 THE RELIGIOUS COUNCIL
 OF NOME.
The Nome nugget., 1943-10-15
HUGE DAM RUINS
FORTRESSES LOST TUESDAY IN NAX RAID

LONDON, Get. 1s.-(AP)-The German air force, Inassing the most effective fighter opposition downed the record huber of 60 American flying Actresses, which were part of the heavy force that made a shambles yes terday out of three Nazi roller bearing plants at Schweinfurt.
 The four-motored forts will fighter escort, downed at least a ! enemy planes in the gigantic a.. battle, probably tn egreatest ever fought over the continent, and continued for two hours, all the way from thesEuropean' coast to the targets in central Germany and back again to the coast.
 While no details of opposition tactics were disclosed officially, numerous American crew men told of encountering swarrns of single-engined fighters, also twin engined craft on which the new German rocket apparatus was mounted.
 The fortresses destroyed 91 Nazi aircraft and possibly 4 more.
 Two of our fighters failed to return.
The Nome nugget., 1943-10-15
GIANT SMASH ON RARAUL
 TUESDAY
ALLIED HEATsQUAR IN THE SOUTHERN PACTrC,

AlALl&D HEAIkJU AkIEFS IN THE SOUTHERN PACTTr, Oct. LS.-(AP)-General MacAr- thur threw every bomber and fighter plane he could risk in a gigantic smash Tuesday at Jap ans key sea and air bastion at Rabaul on New Britain.
 The resultant devastation prompted the general to say: 'T think we have broken its back. ["
 The raid was carried out by the biggest air armada ever amassed in this area and marks the turn ing point in the South Pacific" |" declared the air force command CT, It. Gen. Kenney, the far reaching results of the destruc- tion, and the severe damage to 177 enemy planes, estimated to be 60 per cent of the Japanese air force on RabauPs airdrome.
 Also the sinking of nearly l8,00O tons of shipping, includ- ing three deStroyers, three mer- chant ships as well as 43 small sea-going cargo vessels, and 70 harbor craft, and severely dam aging a submarine, a 5,OO0-ton tender, 6,800-ton destroyer, and wrecking and setting fire to wharves and waterfront installa- tions at Stimson harbor, one of the finest in the world.
 These accomplishments cost the Allies five planes out of the par ticipating hundreds.
The Nome nugget., 1943-10-15
AIRWAYS
Pan American Airways

Arrivals via the PAA yesterday were R. J. Sommers of Sommers Construction Company, V. G. Seiffert, local manager of North ern Commercial Co.,; and E. R. Herold, PAA traffic department, in Seattle.
 Alaska Star Airlines
 Wednesday Pilot Weaver made trip with Rev. Lingren from Council to Moses Point, and mov- ed MT. and Mrs. Glen Hersey from Moses Point to Unalakleet, then returned to Nome.
 Pilot Don Emmons went to Kotzebue with Jackson David ovicS.
 Thursday the following passen- gers were moved: Thomas ter sen from Nome to Moses Point; Rev. Lingren from Moses Point to White Mountain; Bernard Narnes from Moses Point to Nome; and Mrs. Al Doyle and Mrs. Ruth Towner from Council to Nome.
 Wien Alaska Airlines
 Herb Hager left for Fairbanks Thursday with men from the U. $. Coast and Geodetic Survey.
 Frank Whaley made two trips to Teller and Lost River Thurs day and to Lost River and Rain bow today.
The Nome nugget., 1943-10-15
NOTICE TO PARENTS

All children of school age will not be allowed on the streets after the curfew hour. The cooperation of all con- cerned is requested.
 Tho parent shall be held re- sponsible for any child under 16 who is on the streets after l0:0O p. m.
 We ask that no child shall be allowed to go to the second show unless accompanied by parent or guardian.
 BY ORDER OF THE
 CITY POLICE.
The Nome nugget., 1943-10-15
Brevities of the Week

PatrOlman Wheeler versatile member of the Nome police de- partment, making goo-goo eyes at his lady friend in front of the city hall . said ''lady friend' being of the canine species and beautiful at that. Nick Simeon selling applejack to pleasant cus- toners who enjoy pleasant drink occasionally. Clamps on linotype machines where they don't belong, but where for the nonce, they are direly needed. Major Garnet Martin sitting be- side ye scribe enjoying cup of java just when a can of peas was needed by the. ''Missus". Roy Yewell of Polet's Dept. Store, re- turning ye scribe's pants but for getting to bring along the cuffs. Audrey Henderson doing good job as "sob sister,. Antonio Polet ambling along towards the store in the wee sma' hours of the morning. Lou Healy, patrol man, enjoying cup of coffee out of a can. Monte Ferguson hunt ing all over town for a dish washer he's never been able to
 .(Continued on Page 4)
The Nome nugget., 1943-10-15
WOMEN,S MEETING
 AT THE KAZHIM

A meeting will be held at the Kazhim Saturday at 2:3o D. m, for every woman active n any organization in the mission. It is asked that all be present.
 At 800 p. m. a mems meeting will be held, with Rev. Booker and Rev. Carlson being the speakers for the evening. All ara welcome.
The Nome nugget., 1943-10-15

Remember! The Ladies Aid Bake Sale at Lehman's Store. next Saturday, Got l6.
The Nome nugget., 1943-10-15
CONFINED ID HOME

Councilman Charles Jones has been confined to his home due to illness for the past week, but is now on the road to recovery and will soon be about again at his work in the Sommers Cnstruc- ton Co. office.
The Nome nugget., 1943-10-15
CORRESPONDING, ALONG MAIN : STREET
 
By JAY RAYMOND

Being without copy for the nonce, an opportunity arises for me to give forth again with divers and sum- dry comment of views and mis-views in the news of , the day.
 Differentiation" is word that to most people comes under the category of being hard to spell. To others, it is not only unspellable, but much of a bother to pronounce, also.
 Yet to some, believe it or not, the word is very salient ex- pression, especially when it comes to things in which they in par ticular, are most interested.
 Differentiation" in newspaper work, means lot. Bombing the news which comes into a news paper office is no little task in itself. And, to be sure, such is an everyday action of an editor.
 On the other hand, it some times becomes pertinent to diff ferentiate" on other matters.
 And SO, comes now time to "differentiate."
 With winter coming on, fire hazards rise to sometimes an un- avoidable degree. Too many of us think little of such a situa- ton until necessity brings it fore most to our minds.
 Neglect causes us to forget the possibility that our home may be the next conflagration in town. Neglect causes us to forget the many experiences of other peo- pie in the loss' of their home and cherished mementos, and there has been known occasions when fire has caused the; loss. of many lives. =.
 "Differentiating' from usual procedure. ye scribe thinks it per- tinent at this time to bring forci- bly, to mind, the warning of Fire Chief Yenney.
 With the advent of cold wea- ther fire hazards rise. It is to our advantage to "spot' the various fire boxes "iust in case". If, in the event, there is a fire at your home, or at your neighbor's, you will then know just what to do and how to do it.
 With the lack of telephone fa- cilities from midnight till early morning, each of us should bear in mind it is our duty to help ourselves and our fire department by being alert to the occasion. Many dollars, and possibly, few lives may be saved by such an action on our part. And, after all it behooves us to protect our selves and our property.
 And so, without even bother ing to check ye scribe on the meaning of the word, let's just for the nonce, 'differentiate" and assure ourselves of protection vii tally needed, by checking on the nearest fire alarm box. Impress the location inde1ibly on our minds, so that, in case of a con- Migration, We shall be equipped with the knowledge of what we should do, and just how we shall do it.
The Nome nugget., 1943-10-15

Remember! Groceries are no more expensive when cooked gOOd!-Tex's Chili Parl0r.- Adv.
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1943-07-22
MarkvilIe

A number of friends of Mrs. Clare
Anderson gathered at the Howard
home Monday night to celebrate her
birthday.
The Luther League will meet at the
Zion Lutheran church in Markville
Saturday night, July "a Everybody
welcome
Elmer Houck went to Minneapolis
on business several days this week.
The Cloverton and Markville Pres
byterian churches will hold outdoor
services Sunday, July %, at the Rev.
A. E. Mclean home. Sunday school
will be at 1920 a. m. followed by
a ''pot-luck" picnic lunch at noon
The service for worship will be at
2:15 p. m. Everybody invited. These
meetings were originally scheduled
at the Paul Babcock home but on
account of illness in the Babcock
family the place had to be changed.
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1943-07-22

Anderson Tuesday evening of last
week. Last Thursday evening Mr..
and Mrs. Harold Anderson and Patty,
Mr.. and Mrs. j. Hatleli, Mr.. and Mrs.
J. Calvin and Rose Tollefson visited
there.
Mrs. w. Christensen of Mime
apolis returned to her home Sunday
after spending week with her
daughter, Mrs. Arnold Shute.
Rose Tollefson of Cloverton spent
the past week with her grandparents,
Mr.. and Mrs. Hatlei
Mrs. A. H. Anderson and daugh-
tiers, Mildred, Doris and Charlse, Mr..
and Mrs. Arnold Shute, Kay Christof-
ferson and Mr.. and Mrs. r. J. Shute
attended Memorial services for Mar
tin Johnson in Danforth Sunday aft
ernoon.
Mrs. Helen Anderson, who spent
several weeks visiting old friends,
returned to her home in Minneapolis
Wednesday of last week.
Mrs. Max Ostrander and baby
were Pine City visitors Saturday.
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1943-07-22
Ogenla

Mr.. and Mrs. Chris Steinert of
Minneapolis are the happy parents
of boy born July 7, whose name is
Richard.
Mrs. Robert Morrison returned from
Georgia Sunday after visiting Mr..
Morrison there.
June Hunt has been visiting re-
Gently at the Pike home.
Mrs. H. Swan, who fell and broke
her arm, is getting along nicely but
will stay at Siren another week.
Russell Gilbert left Friday eve
ming for the Navy. He will be sta
toned at Farragut, Idaho, for short
time. Mrs. Gilbert is staying with
her parents, Mr.. and Mrs. Geo. Ben
son.
Mr.. and Mrs. Ed Linehan and fam
lily have had ten-day vacation from
his defense job. Jackie Linehan re-
turned to the city with them for a
visit
Miss Martin has been visiting at the
Louis Larson home recently.
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1943-07-22
Markville

A girl was born to Mr. and Mrs.
Walter Grew at st. Joseph's hospital
in Superior Tuesday, July l3. Both
mother and daughter are doing well.
Mrs. Nancy Richardson of Neills-
vile, Wis, Miss MARCEL Andrews of
st. Paul and Mr.. and Mrs. Hal Rich
ardson of Minneapolis were in Mark
vile visiting relatives and friends
Sunday.
The Richard Mangan family of Du-
luth were visitors at the R. E. Bal
lantine home last week.
A girl was born to Mr. and Mrs.
James Coveau in Superior last Thurs
day. Last reports are that all is
well with both mother and daughter.
The Lutheran and Presbyterian
Sunday schools held a joint picnic
Wednesday of last week IN a pine
grove on the Breezley farm. Games,
picnic dinner and swimming were
included in the days program.
The Markville school board held a
special meeting Friday night.
The folks in this community are
dividing their time these days be-
tween harvesting hay and picking
blueberries. There is a good crop of
both this year.
Cathryn Babcock was taken sick
with the measles last week. 1t is
reported that there are several 9TH
err possible cases in the community.
The Lutheran Ladies' Aid held its
regular meeting at the church base
ment last Thursday afternoon with a
good attendance.
Student Pastor Robert Erickson of
the Zion Lutheran church went to
Minneapolis last week to attend the
funeral of his grandfather.
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1943-07-22
Norman Township

Mr.. and Mrs. Jim Peterson and
family motored here from Mime
apolis Saturday to spend Sunday at
the parental Mr. and Mrs. w. P.
Shoemaker home.
Mr.. and Mrs. w. P. SHOEMAKER
and Mr.. and Mrs. Jim Peterson and
children spent Saturday evening with
Mr. and Mrs. Steve Purull.
Pvt. Benjamin Kowitz came from
Fort Smelling Sunday morning to
visit his parents, Mr.. and Mrs. L. H.
Kowitz, until Monday morning.
Eddie Gray, who has been visiting
his parents, Mr.. and Mrs. Forrest
Gray, for the past week, left for
North Carolina Monday morning.
Miss Phillis Purull spent several
days with Pearl and Alice Gray, re-
turning home Monday evening.
Mrs. Elmer Berg and children spent
Saturday afternoon with Mrs. Steve
Purull.
Donald and Marilyn Waletzko spent
Sunday afternoon with Mrs. Steve
Purull.
Mr.. and Mrs. Wally Beckstrom
and children spent Sunday afternoon
with Mr.. and Mrs. Thorn Waletzko.
Mrs. Gale Fletcher and baby came
from Minneapolis Monday morning
to spend week with Mr.. and Mrs.
Steve Purull.
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1943-07-22

Young Peoples meeting will be at
the Ole Roland home Saturday eve
ming.
The Ladies' Aid will meet with
Mrs. Litzen Larson Wednesday aft
ernoon, July %.
Mr.. and Mrs. Harvey Bacon of
Minneapolis were Saturday visitors
at the Oscar and VIM. Swanson
homes.
Rev. Lee Bates of Sioux Falls, S..
D., arrived at the Verlin White home
recently for an indefinite stay.
The Memorial services for Martin
Johnson were held Sunday afternoon
in the presence of very large crowd
under the trees on the Danforth
school grounds. The day was ideal
for such an occasion. There was a
very nice program, consisting of sew
eral of Martins favorite gospel songs
in the form of duets, and music by
the choir and the male quartette of
years. Rev. Paul Hendricks of Du-
luth gave a very appropriate talk
which was enjoyed by all. The
American Legion Post from Sand
stone and World War I veterans took
part in the beginning and the end
of the service. A sum of money was
contributed by the people to be used
for religious work in the memory
of Martin.
Miss Nina Johnson of Hinckley &C
companied Miss Myrtle Johnson of
Minneapolis and Mr.. and Mrs. Oscar
Johnson of Buffalo here Sunday to
attend the Memorial services for their
friend and brother, Martin Johnson
Mrs. c. A. Gabriel of Duluth is
spending few days with relatives
here.
Choir practice next Tuesday eve
ming.
Mr.. and Mrs. Floyd Nelson and
family and AXel Nelson, Mrs Vic
toria Larson, Elm and Elmer, Hol-
gar Larson of Sand Creek, Vernon
Nelson and family and Mr.. and Mrs.
Ed Nelson and family of Clover en-
joyed ice cream at the Carl Swan
son home Sunday afternoon after
services.
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1943-07-22
Sand Greek

Mrs. C. Hansen, Mrs. Alfred Holm
and Mrs. Floyd Nelson will be joint
hostesses at birthday party Sum
day, July Is, in the afternoon at the
George Hansen home. All members
and friends of the Birthday and
Farmers clubs are cordially invited.
A number of new members were
signed up in the Townsend move
ment at meeting at the schoolhouse
Wednesday evening of last week.
Roy Holmquist was reelected presi-
dent and Emil Swanson, secretary
treasurer.
Arnold Molby recently finished
thinning rutabagas for Andrew
Engebo
Everybody is busy making hay
and picking berries these days so
very little news has reached the cor
respondent.
Mrs. Albert Swanson was a bust
ness visitor at the O. Roland home
last Thursday
this community attended the Men,
orial services held in honor of the
late Martin Johnson at Danforth
Sunday afternoon.
The county outfit has been doing
some grading on some of the town.
ship roads recently which should
greatly improve them.
Rev. Engebritson, who has been
visiting with his son-in-law and
daughter, Mr.. and Mrs. Curtis Sober
quist, the past two weeks, returned
to Minneapolis last week.
Charles Mutt of Webb Lake, Wis,
visited Monday of this week at the
Peter Stulen home
An announcement has been re-
ceived by the correspondent of the
marriage of Miss Alice Jensen, a
former resident of this community
and Mr.. Richard Johnson of Hutch
inson at that place Sunday, June 13.
Best wishes for long and happy
welded life are extended to Mr.. and
Mrs. Johnson by many friends from
here.
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1943-07-22
Robert Mrs. Carroll and children

Robert. Mrs. Carroll and children
will remain for another week.
Mr.. and Mrs. Art Stole and fam
lily were Sunday callers at the home
of her parents, Mr.. and Mrs. C. Allie
man, ST..
Mr.. and Mrs. Harold Sneller and
Mr.. and Mrs. Melvin Peterson of
Litchfeld were overnight guests Sat-
urday of Mr. and Mrs. Erick Peter
son. They had been vacationing in
the northern part of the state. Erick
Peterson and Mrs. Melvin Peterson
are brother and sister. Mr.. Peter
son is having two weeks vacation
from his work at Duluth.
Mr.. and Mrs. Albert Carlson and
baby son of Willmar are visiting at
the Mrs. Mary Carlson and John Nor
back homes. Little Donald is max
ing the acquaintance of his grand
parents. Mrs. Ray Norman, who had
spent the past three weeks with her
sister, Mrs. Carlson, returned with
them.
Pvt. LaVerne Miller, son of Mr..
and Mrs. Harvey Miller of Fort Shell
ing was home for the weekend.
Sunday visitors at the V. Laska
home were Mr.. and Mrs. Dominick
McDaniels and Kathleen of Mime
apolis who were campers last week
in one of the Harry cabins.
Mr. and Mrs. George Lundgren
were Sunday afternoon callers at
the Milo Korpi home.
Mr.. and Mrs. M. TorkelSon and
Mr.. and Mrs. VIM. Pembroke and
family of Willow River called at the
Verronen home Sunday afternoon.
August Miller moved last week to
the small house which was built for
him on the farm of his son-in-law
and daughter, Mr.. and Mrs. Carl
Meidlinger. Due to advanced years
and none too good health, he will
be more comfortable near his daugh-
ter.
Sylvia Carlson and Donald Maxi
of Kettle River visited with Sylvia's
mother, Mrs. Mary Carlson, last week
from Monday until Thursday.
Mr.. and Mrs. John Aptio and son
were last Thursday evening callers
at the John Suonvieri home. Wed
nesday evening callers were Mr.. and
Mrs. John Harris, while on Sunday
morning Mrs. Werner Haapanen and
baby called there, and in the eve
ming Mr.. and Mrs. Reinold LindquiSt
were guests.
App. Seaman Ray Auto of Farra-
gut, Idaho, spent short furlough
with his parents, Mr.. and Mrs. John
Auto, last week.
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1943-07-22
Duxburv

Norman Shute, who spent three
days at home this past week, left for
Quonset Point, r. l., last Thursday
and Clare Shute, who had spent the
past two weeks at home, left for
Brooklyn, N. Y, Sunday morning.
Mr.. and Mrs. Harold Anderson and
Patty were Saturday evening Wis
itors at the H. Borg home.
Visitors at the r. Shute home this
past week were Mr.. and Mrs. Glienke
and Albert, Mrs Held and baby,
Mrs. Dale Ostrander and Mrs. Helen
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1943-07-22
ClOverdale

Mr.. and Mrs. Lennart Johnson and
sons returned to Minneapolis Satur-
day after spending a week at the
Tom Wolf home
Marjorie Fillmore spent last Thurs
day at the home of her friend, Lor-
raine Kottke
Gean Beach of Dakota, is visiting
relatives here at this writing.
Mrs. Conrad Svardahl and chill
dren spent Tuesday of last week at
the home of her parents, Mr.. and
Mrs. Tom Wolf
Every one is busy these days pick
ing blueberries. They seem to be
plentiful in some places.
Mr.. and Mrs. VIM. Christensen
and daughter were Sunday evening
visitors at the Lester Dalzell home.
Ruth Lyseth, who spent the past
week at the home of her parents, re-
turned to Minneapolis recently.
Mrs. Walden Brant and daughter
Laurel Jean left Monday for Salinas,
Kans., via auto, to visit Mr.. Brant
who is in an army camp there. She
was accompanied by Mrs. Mel Brant
and Mrs. Lyle Leatherman and son.
Elaine Steen returned home Friday
from st. Cloud where she had been
attending summer school the past six
weeks.
Mary Jean Haines spent the week.
end with her mother and brothers.
She returned Sunday evening to ST..
Paul where she is employed.
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1943-07-22
Kingsdale

Mrs. Arvid Anderson of Minneapo-
lis has been visiting at the c. A.
Lund home the past week.
Mrs. Robert Feigum entertained
the Lutheran Ladies' Aid here We'd
nesday afternoon of last week.
Marion SeilitZ has been visiting
with her parents, Mr.. and Mrs. A.
Seilitz, the past two weeks. She went
back Sunday.
Robert Feigum and Donnie went
to Webster between trains Tuesday
Mrs. Andy Swanson and children
who have been visiting at the Anna
Benson home the past two weeks
went home with Mr.. Swanson SUM-
day.
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1943-07-22
Arthyde

Mr.. and Mrs. R. M. Richardson
and Mrs A Raines were in Duluth
Tuesday.
Pvt. Egon Brown is spending part
of his furlough at the Tony Chris
Jensen home. He is stationed in the
west.
Miss Ruth Adams, who is employed
in Moose Lake, spent Wednesday
night of last week at the home of her
parents, Mr.. and Mrs. F. J. Adams.
Mrs. Andrew Steyee's brother of
Wisconsin is visiting at their home
at this writing.
Mrs. A. Raines visited at the Thorn
son home Sunday afternoon and at
the Adams place Monday afternoon.
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1943-07-22

War Bonds Today
Askov American. [volume] (Askov, Pine County, Minn.) 1914-current, 1943-07-22
DanfOrth

Young Peoples meeting will be at
the Ole Roland home Saturday eve
ming.