davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1943-06-25
Budding Scientists Find
This Nut Tough TO Crack

Forty finalists in the nationwide
Science Talent Search, all senior
high school boys and girls, recently
completed one of the stiffest aptitude
examinations leading psychologists
could devise.
An examination consisted OF set
of II separate statements about va
rious scientific subjects. Here is a
sample statement-read it carefully,
then answer the questions that fol-
low it:
About 5000 stars are visible with
the naked eye under the most favor
able conditions. To a first approx
nation the stars appear to be fixed
relative to one another on celestial
sphere which makes one revolution
around the pole star in % hours, Sc
minutes and three seconds. On the
sphere appear also the sun, moon,
and planets. These continually
change their positions with respect
to the stars. The moon moves east
ward on the celestial sphere about IL
degrees per day, the sun moves east
ward about l degree per day, and
the planets move mostly eastward
but sometimes westward at varying
rates.
Now find the correct answers to
the following questions:
A. A clock which keeps star time
would have to 1: run more slowly
than our ordinary clocks; 2: run at
the same rate as our ordinary
clocks; 8: Run faster than our or
binary clocks; 4: have different
type Of construction than our ordi-
nary clocks.
B. For the sun to return to the
same position in the celestial sphere
(relative to an observer on the
earth), it will take 1: more than one
clock year; 2: less than one clock
year; 8: slightly more than one clock
day; 4: one clock day.
c. To an observer on the earth,
the celestial body which retains its
absolute position IL /: the sun; q:
the moon; 8: Mars; 4: the pole star.
The correct answers are: A, 8; B,
2; c, 4.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1943-06-25

The faces and head structures of
American citizens fall into seven
principal categories, according to a
survey conducted by the air surgeon
to determine measurements to in
sure the perfect fit Of oxygen masks,
essential in high altitude flying, and
other head equipment for fiiers.
Conducted among 1,454 aviation
cadets of all types, racial strains and
national extractions, the survey
showed that any shapes and sizes Of
faces which might be found In the
army air forces could be fitted with
one of four sizes of oxygen masks.
On the measurements obtained,
models Of the seven types of heads
were made and the new masks were
designed and constructed. These
masks provide the absolute snugness
necessary to prevent inhalation Of
ozyeenstliin air encountered
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1943-06-25
Resembles Lincoln; Is Best
War Stamp Seller in State

An employee Of the Pennsylvania
State college whose given name is
actually abraham Lincoln and
whose resemblance to the Civil war
President is remarkable, has won
the reputation of being the best war
stamp salesman in this section of
the state.
He is Abraham Lincoln Hite, en-
ployed as a mason in the college
department Of grounds and build
ings. He asked his boss, Superin-
tendent George Ebert, for time off
prior to. Lincoln's birthday in order
to sell war stamps in local public
schools. His request was granted.
With a costume which greatly en-
HANGED his likeness to President Lin
coin, and with his face made up by
students In the division of dramatics,
Hite toured nearby schools and sold
several hundred dollars worth of
stamps.
Now the Lincoln impersonator can
get time off whenever he wants it
for this patriotic service. During
the month Of February he sold
2,657.25 worth of stamps in Centre
county schools and service clubs.
He plans to continue his tours for
the duration.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1943-06-25
WAR PRISONERS ON EARNS

The German and Italian war pris-
oners whom it is proposed to use on
Maryland farms this year can also
advantageously employed on our
5000 acres of State Forests dur
ng the winter months, State For
3ster Joseph F. Kaylor declared at
meeting of labor officials held this
week at College Park under the aus
)ices of Dr. IT. B. Symons, Director
Farm Extension Work. On State
owned lands in Garrett County, on
he Eastern Shore, and in Southern
.laryland are thousands of cords of
)ulpwood, a critical war material,
hat could be got out if labor was
aade available, Mr.. Kayior pointed
ut. Cutting would be in accordance
With orestry rinciples.. Since the Ar
ny requires that war prisoners be
,mployed on a year-ronud basis, and
arm work covers only three seasons,
he State Forests provide an excel
ent opportunity to use the prison.
ers during the off-season in an inn
oortant war activity.
DIR. Kayor also told the conference
hat If private owners of timberland
wish to get out wood products, pris-
oners could be assigned to them, un-
Ter the direction of experts from the
Parks.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1943-06-25
= O'CONOR FELICITATED BY
PRESIDENT

ST congratulate you and the States
that you represent for the job al
ready DONE" President Franklin D.
Roosevelt declared in a letter to
Governor Herbert r. O'Conor, of
Maryland, Chairman of the Govern
or's Conference, land look forward
confidently to even closer coopera-
ton and more effective operation as
the Nation, the States, and the Lo-
calities--all composed of the same
people-press on to victory"
The Presidents message to Gov
ernor O'Conor was for transmittal,
through Maryland,s Chief Executive,
to the Governors of the various
States who met In Columbus, Ohio,
Sunday, June goth, for their 35th
annual conference. Governor O'Conor
presided at the sessions and pre-
scented the Presidents message to
those present.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1943-06-25

The high quality proteins that con-
tain complex amino-acids are not
needed by the cattle, as they are
by human beings, poultry, and hogs.
Cereal grains do not contain these
complex amino-acids, but the cattle
and other ruminants can convert the
simple proteins to more complex
forms needed. According to recent
metabolism studies at Cornell, the
bacteria in the rumen, a part of
the stomach of the COW or sheep,
make good quality protein from the
poorer proteins fed. Farther on in
the digestive tract of the animals,
the bacteria and their high quality
protein are digested.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1943-06-25
CONOwINCo POWER COMPANY
DECREASE N STATE FOREST
FIRES

During the spring forest fire sea-
ON which ended recently there was
q Statewide decrease of 80 per
ent in the number Of fires as com
pared in 1912, State Forester Joseph
T.. KayIor reports. There was a de-
crease of SO per cent, he goes on to
lay, in the number if forest fires at
tributable' to careless brush burning,
which ordinarily accounts for about,
one-third of all fires that occur in
The State. These figures testify to
campaign by the Department of
state Forest and Parks for forest
ire prevention, made possible by a
rant Of Federal funds. Both in pre-
ention work and in actual fire fight
.ng, Mr.. Kaylor says, special credit
should go to the Forest Fire Fight
erS Service, the volunteer organi-
2ation established by the Office Of
Civilian Defense to assist State ag-
yncies in crest fire protection work.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1943-06-25
Paint Aids Food Rationing

Stomach Boredom" is the Wall
Street Journals definition for flag
ging appetites due to the sameness
Of food served under the rationing
system in Britain. The British food
ministry has advised restaurant
keepers to paint their walls with
attention-getting murals in order to
avert their patrons concentration
upon the monotony of the menu to
more pleasant thoughts. Gaily col
ored table coverings also have been
suggested. A similar psychological
effect might also be obtained by
bright paint on the table tops.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1943-06-25


When the United States Treasury
sent out an appeal to the schools of
the United States to cover the cost
of 10000 jeeps through the sale of
war bonds, the Holten-Arms school
sold bonds enough to buy AZ of the
SO jeeps assigned as the quota for
the District of Columbia. Mrs. Jessie
Moon Holten is still at the head of
this great school for girls which she
founded AZ years ago.
Many years ago at large reunion
held in Washington of Smith alum
nae, President Nelson gave as his
opinion that the education of women
was more important than the edu-
cation of men.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1943-06-25
ort on Air Transport by owl this

port on Air Transport by owl this
week.
The Civil Aeronautics Administra-
ton says it is unlikely that the air.
plane will drive other forms of trans
portation out of business. Signifi-
cantly, the motor industry ranked
number one among chief manufac-
turers before the war. according to
the Bureau of Census. The same
motor industry has been the princi-
pal factor In the colossal growth
of the aviation industry
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1943-06-25

tricity does the heavy labor.
Americas war production is the
greatest in the world largely be-
cause America has the worlds
greatest supply Of electric power.
And Americas electric COM
panies under business manage
ntent provide over 80 per cent
of all that power at loaO pre-aOar
prices!
Call that magic, too! But to
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1943-06-25

ner-or must we take EXTRAORDINARY rlsks Tor fe
not hold out?"
Replied Secretary Morgenthau:
General, the American public will take
care Of that. What they have done in the
Second War Loan drive-the money they have
produced and the spirit they have shown--is
proof enough for me that they will not let our
fighters suffer from lack Of support until we
achieve complete victory, no matter how long
that may be nor how much it may cost"
Up your War Bond allotment out of your
wages today. Figure it out for yourself how
much above 10 per cent it should be.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1943-06-25

the experienced men and women
Of the electric companies it's all
in the days work! All part Of
knowing the job.
They were ready when war
came, and now they're produc-
ing far more power than all
the Axis countries combined!
They're stepping up Americas
n,anpoWer = and pUon,an- posUer
- tremendously!
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1943-06-25

determining when, where and the strength of
our military blows?
Any worker listening in on a recent con-
versation between General George c. Marshall,
President Roosevelt's Chief of Staff, and Secre-
tary of the Treasury Henry Morgenthau, Jr.,
learned the answers to these questions.
Said General Marshall:
'Mr. Secretary, l want you to answer
question for me and to answer it with comp etc
frankness Can we military leaders plan to fight
~, +bo
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1943-06-25

A lot of folks are afraid Of get
ting on the black markets black list
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1943-06-25

Harry Bridges denounces Lewis,
Go it kettle, 20 Il potl 81.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1943-06-25

Farmers report that spinach is now
plentiful. That may help ia end xhia
wave OF juvenile dslinauene1
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1943-06-25
Listen to Morgenthau Marshall
Tell Power Of Payroll Savings!

Washington, D. Glow important is the workers
purchases of his payday the grand
strategy of the Allied High Command? Does the extent OF his
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1943-06-25
The Clouds Have silver Innings

The Clouds Have silver Innings
Five years ago the total produc-
ton of the aviation industry for one
year amounted to $50 million dol
lars. During the present year, ac-
cording to the latest WPB figures, it
will reach the colossal total Of $780,
100. 100000
Automobile production. which
SO profoundly influenced every part
of America and all its institutions,
traditional points of view, industrial
general cultural patterns. reached
at its all-time peak in 1941 merely
$s.70o,000,000 according to a re-
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1943-06-25

U. S. Treasury Department
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-03-09
KANSAS CITY, MO. BECOMES
aircraft ENGINE Arsenal

KANSAS CITY, MO.-Eight months after
ground was broken, the gigantic new Pratt
Whitney engine plant here has started
operations, heading toward the day when
this great Midwest city will be making a
major contribution to the supply of aircraft
engines for Army and Navy planes.
Rivaling in size the company's home
plant, the unit here will eventually reach
an annual production rate running into thou
sands upon thousands Of engines.
More than one million square feet of floor
space is already under roof. During Feb
ruary machine tools were delivered at the
rate of 125 tons day. Scores are now run
ming. The great new plant designed specif-
cally for the building of 2,000-horsepower
Double Wasp engines has taken on the
aspects Of working factory. Full produc-
ton is still several months away. The inter-
val between ground breaking and peak
operations will be approximately the same as
has been required by the automobile COM
panes to get into the production of airplane
engines.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-03-09
Helicopter Steals Show

Stealing the show as usual was the
Sikorsky Helicopter by which man for the
first time has obtained complete mastery
of the air. Rising straight up in the air, NOV
ing forward, backward, sideways, coming to
rest on snow bank, wheels clear of the
ground, playing hide and seek behind snow
piles, galloping here and there few feet
off the ground to inspect airplanes parked
on the ground and lowering motioness to
give the pilot a good look, the Helicopter
demonstrated its possibilities for military
and naval use.
Back of these marvels is long and patient
development work carried on at full tilt in
the laboratories, It has been possible to
speed development of a new engine tremen-
dously, it was explained, by subjecting each
part, from spark plug to supercharger. to
tests duplicating actual operating conditions
before assembling the complete engine. Only
ten years ago it was customary to assemble
new engine, give it an endurance test run
and redesign any part that failed. If such
practice were now followed, writers were
told, it would take 10 to IS years to develop
new engine at a cost ranging from $50 to
SIS million.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-03-09
Trained Workers Ready

Drawing upon previous training expert
ence at East Hartford, carefully worked
out training program made it possible to
have hundreds of skilled men ready to take
their places at machines and benches when
the first machines We're installed.
Ground was no sooner broken on July 4
last when picked men from this area, who
appeared likely material for instructors and
foremen, began arriving at East Hartford
toremen-trainees remained there until the
new plant was ready to go. Instructor
trainees came back in mid-November.
Waiting for the latter was the new Kansas
City training school, equipped with over 100
machine tools and which will ultimately have
acapaclty for the training Of more than $500
machine tool operators month. The new in
structors took over Immediately the training
of the first of the many thousands of workers
who will be needed as operations expand.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-03-09
Grammar Wildcats,
Guns Empty, Defeat
Jap zeros
Trapped en- Route Home,
Oufnumhered Three to One,
Pilots Bluff Enemy
and Return Without Loss

Four Marine pilots flying Grammar Wild
cats have found they can fight Jap Zeros
without bullets.
After using all their ammunition to de-
stroy four Japanese dive bombers and dam
age three others which they found attack
ing an American naval force northwest of
Guadalcanal, the Wildcats still had to fight
their way home with empty guns.
They had flown only about fifteen miles
of their long trip back to Henderson Field
when Marine pilot spotted twelve Zeros.
The Japs didn't know that the Wildcat
guns were empty, but in spite of the odds
of three to one in their favor the Zeros
came in cautiously. AS each Zero dived at
an American plane, the Marine next in line
pulled up and faced the oncoming Japan
ese. The Jap didn't like seeing a Wildcats
nose coming straight at him and he'd pull
away. The bluff worked again and again
because from head-on tracer bullets aren't
visible and the Zeros thought they were
being fired on. The bluff worked too be-
cause in other engagements the Japs had
found that they couldn't trade lead on even
terms with Wildcat. The fight continued
to within two miles of Henderson Field.
The Wildcats were shot up plenty-one Of
them had twenty bullet holes-but they all
came home.
Those boys are members of one of the
fabulous Marine outfits whose Pratt & Whit
ney-powered Wildcats have kept the air over
Guadalcanal clear Of enemy planes. On one
day alone their squadron sent thirty Zeros,
two destroyers, and two cargo ships to their
ancestors
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-03-09
100000 Miles -S2.71 Repairs

The equivalent of four times around the
world at a cost for repair parts Of $2.71.
That is sample record drawn from the
service files Of Hamilton Standard Propel-
lers division to which engineers point as
proof Of the rugged durability of it's mod
ern precison-built propellers
Colonial Airlines returned the propeller
used in regular commercial service to the
factory for normal overhaul. 1t had flown
the equivalent of better than 10 times
around the world since its purchase, about
four times around since overhaul. Service
men found it necessary to replace six minor
parts-one washer, two seals, two gaskets
and one SHIN. The list price of the parts re-
placed was exactly $2,71.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-03-09
CasabIanca Conferees Ride
With United's Engines
and PropeIgers

Products Of United Aircraft Corporation
played their part in speeding the American
and British delegations to and from the his
toric Unconditional surrender" conference
at Casablanca. All the airplanes which car
ried the official parties were equipped with
Hamilton Standard propellers and the ma
jority were powered by Pratt G. Whitney
engines.
The 1880 mile flight Of the American
party was made in two types Of planes, the
C-54 four-engined Douglas transport and the
Pan American Clipper. The British officials
again used Consolidated four-engined Lib
orator bombers, the same type used in the
historic fights last summer to Cairo and
Moscow and to Washington. Significantly,
the press reports announced that "They ar
rived at Casablanca after an uneventful
trip, (Which fact IS 1oorthy Of note ITSELF
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-03-09
US. navy GIVES PREvIEW or
TOM0RR0W'S AIRCRAFT
Writers Shown How Navy and
Private Industry Cooperate
to Create New Weapons

Aviation is about to move into an entirely
new conception of performance made pos
slble by development carried on by aircraft
engineers working in close cooperation with
the Army and Navy. A glimpse of what is
just behind the next cloud bank for aviation
was given last month as the United States
Navy, acting as host, took a group of out
standing news writers behind the scenes in
United Aircraft's East Hartford labora-
tories.
The first application of the things to come
will, of course, be military. Eventually,
however, they will open up entirely new Wis
tas for commercial aviation.
Under war time conditions, the writers
were unable even to hint at much of the sem
sationally revolutionary developments they
saw. They learned, however, that the poten-
tialities offered by the 2,000-horsepower
Double Wasp, believed to be the most potent
aircraft engine in the world in true quantity
production, are already reaching peak ex-
ploitation. Before the enemy can match it,
Pratt & Whitney will be ready with engines
dwarfng the biggest now available and re-
search engineers are looking even beyond
that.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-03-09
ALL-CARG0 AIR ROUTE EXTENDED

Using Douglas transport planes stripped
down to carry nothing but cargo, Pan
American-Grace Always has completed the
last leg OF 5,300-rnile albright air route
supplementing its 8,800-nile Central and
South American passenger service. Aver
aging over one and half tons of freight
per trip, the new line provides aerial freight
service between the Canal Zone and Buenos
Aires via the West Coast of South America,
Lima, Santiago and over the lofty Andes.
Hamilton Standard propellers drive these
cargo planes all the way.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-03-09
HEEicoPTER DEVELOPMENT WINS
REED AWARD FOR sIkoRskY

In addition to being elected an Hon
orary Fellow, Igor |. Sikorsky has been
chosen by the Institute of the Aeronau-
tlcal Sciences, Inc, New York, to be the
recipient of the Institutes annual Syl-
vanus Reed Award for 1912.
The award is the highest honor which
can be conferred by the Institute and has
been awarded to only eighteen other
people. Mr.. Sikorsky was chosen because
OF his pre-eminence in aeronautics, and
the citation accompanying the award
read for the creation and reduction to
successful practice of a helicopter of
superior controllability"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-03-09
Collier Trophy Goes To
Army-AirIine Team
Air Lines and Army Transport
Command Win Coveted Award

The Collier Trophy for 1912, coveted SYM
boil of achievement in aviation, was recently
presented jointly to the Army Air Transport
Command and the Air Lines of the United
States. Together, they girdled the world
with an air transport system-a system car
rying materials SO precious to fighting men
that their value was beyond computation.
In World War the Government took over
major transportation facilities. In this war
private enterprise in the form of the air
lines not only has met this challenge, but has
been SO successful in coordnating its abili-
ties and facilities with the Army Air Forces
that together these two air transport services
have received the highest award given in
aviation.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-03-09

Increasing horsepowers and higher alti-
tudes of operation set up ever more difficult
propeller problems. Hamilton Standard engi-
neers are meeting this challenge in several
distinct and separate ways. They are already
testing propellers which will handle horse
powers far above today's maximum Report
ers were allowed to see some of these devel-
opments, but for reasons of national security
no word of them can be published.
+ Guests gasped as Grammar Wildcat
and the new Vought Corsair streaked across
the field in speed runs to demonstrate
secret development which makes the planes
fairly jump through the sky and climb like
frightened angels.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-03-09
Profits Held to Prs-War Level

Adhering to its conviction of the past
two decades that the safety of the nation
is its first responsibility, United granted
licenses at only nominal fees, 81 per en-
CINE for example.
To swell engine production further, it
organized last June the Pratt & Whitney
Aircraft Corporation of Missouri whose op-
eratlons already have started in the plant
nearing completion at Kansas City. Since
this is financed with federal funds, it will
be operated without profit or loss to the
corporation.
United Aircraft itself, the report points
out, has adhered to program of profit con-
troll whereby, as production costs dropped,
substantial reductions in prices have been
made voluntarily to the Navy, thus carrying
out policy initiated in 1927. Profits, after
taxes, have been held substantially to a pre-
war level when the company was operating
with its own, rather than taxpayers funds.
1t has endeavored to discharge to the fullest
its responsibilities to the country, its stock
holders and its employees, the report states