davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1943-10-24
food, lodging and medical care for the
men in their employ
Compensation Agreement.

food, lodging and medical care for the
men in their employ.
Compensation Agreement.
The Canal Co. issued very specific IN
structions to the contractors AS to the
terms and conditions of employment.
Thus an order dated october 3, 1929,
read as follows: The promises to these
men are these: They shall have as
soon as it can be made so, tight house
with comfortable lodgings, a sufficient
supply of good bread and meat. You
will open an account with each man and
charge him with his passage over and
with all other expenses incurred for him,
and credit him for his work at the Gus
tomary price of labor until the account
shall be squared when his lndenture
shall be given up to him.
The combination of meager wages,
long hours, poor housing, and the gen.
erous daily allowance of whisky, coupled
. with the proverbial Irish belllgerancy
caused serious labor disturbances on a
number of occasions.
The tenth annual report to the stock
holders and directors, dated June TO-
1888, gives considerable attention to
the pitched battle fought near OldtoWn
Md. between two Irish factions, the
Longfords and the Corkonians, which
fracas resulted in serious property losses
The report states that, occurrences OF
an embarrassing nature caused the sus
pension of work at Prather's Neck, ano
the intervention of a military force wa
required in two occasions; in the ONT
instance to suppress a riot in the lint
at Oldtown, to which place large bod,
of Irish laborers from the tunnel hat
repaired with a view of attacking thei
countrymen engaged on the works a
that point. No lives were lost. but SOM
private property was destroyed Sewers
Of the ring-leaders were arrested an
Evening star., 1943-10-24

AS top size in cargo planes, Higgins
has in mind something with capacity
of Is tons. Apparently it is flying
wing, although he declines to discuss 1t.
He says, however that growth in air
plane sizes will lead inevitably to that
type of design.
Higgins has no mental images of tre-
mendous airplanes carrying hundreds OF
persons or great Cargoes. Not that such
planes can't be built, but simply that
they have no commercial demand to
justify them he adds.
Air cargo in the future, he believes,
will be primarily high class shipments
where speed is an important factor.
In that view he is perhaps more coll
servative than many persons. He says
that airplanes will not be built larger
than needed TO handle the available
traffic profitably. Thus, he feels that
the weight of landing gear, fuel and
crew and the size Of runways required
will be prime considerations in design.
Higgins built a few airplanes in the
l92Os, but with no great success. He
was primarily lumber and boat man,
but with an energy and drive that put
him into many different fields.
Heavily built, with Wavy brown hair
turning gray blue eyes and booming
voice, Higgins burst upon the South
from Omaha, Nebr., in 1906 He had
been interested in boats at Omaha. en-
tered the lumber business at Mobile
Ala, moved on down to New Orleans II
1910, Travelled for a German lumber i'm
porting company for a while, then or
ganized his own firm, hauled wood in hi!
own ships, and built yards to repan
them.
Higgins industries concentrated large
ly in the city park and industrial cana
Evening star., 1943-10-24
For a More Inspired Orchestra

he says they are easier to handle than
some of the men.
Mr.. Gaul says that as far as he is con-
cerned the atmosphere or the orchestra
hasn't been changed.
IF l have anything to say to the or
chestra, go ahead and say it without
thinking about the fact that part Of the
personnel is women. There is no con-
stralnt at rehearsals."
The coed" orchestra has brought its
share of romances. Most of the girls
are in their early 20s and attractive
even in the solemn black dresses that
are standard equipment on the concert
stage
Natalie Hollern. who plays the oboe
and English horn in the orchestra,
came to the orchestra in January, 1912.
M T. Cousins, who played the trumpet,
sat right behind the youthful girl mu-
sician. Mr.. Cousins joined the Army
after the 1912 summer season and last
Christmas Miss Hollern went out to
California and married him. Miss HOl-
lern is back with the orchestra. Her
husband is an Army band leader some
where in the South Pacific.
Kay Rickert. one of the two girls who
have been with the orchestra for six
seasons, married Owen Lusak last Oc-
tober Both are in the violin section
of the National Symphony.
Camille Plasschaert, who joins the
orchestra this season, is also married
to a member of the National Symphony
Paulo Gruppe. They have two children
The other girls in the orchestra who
wear wedding rings are all malrlee
to musicians, several of them in service
bands overseas. Few of them have in
terests outside of music. Most of then
like jazz but not many of them pla,
it. Their outside interests rance from
knitting to raising cocker spaniels.
They Are Fine Musicians.
Although most of the girls are young
they have a musical background of man
years behind them. Twenty-four-ye year
t old Marguerite Kuehne. only woma
Evening star., 1943-10-24

assistant concert master with major
symphony orchestra in the United
States was a child prodigy. She made
phony Orchestra at the age Of II, four
years after her first violin lesson.
Marguerite comes from musical FAM
lily. Her six brothers and sisters are all
musicians. The blond yiolinist is mar
ried to a member of the Navy Band IN
Philadelphia. She met him at Curtis IN
stitute where they were both studying.
Lorraine Martineau was given her first
violin by her grandfather, who made
hobby Of playing Old-time square dances.
Lorraine. whose husband is overseas
with an Army band likes jazz and used
to play it in a dance orchestra. On the
other hand, she was member OF the
Hartford Neuro-P -PSychiatric Institute,
using her violin for musical therapy. For
two years she taught violin in Rochester,
N Y, under a plan where students with
musical talent were taught during School
time. Last year she averaged l34 violin
pupils week.
Another child prodigy in the orchestra
is Betty Jane Atkinson. Only q now
she made her debut at Pittsburgh
Carnegie Hall in 1882. She Joined the
Pittsburgh Symphony when she was Il
and later studied in England until tht
war came Her husband is trombonis
in the Marine Band.
The girls have all sorts of unlikel,
reasons for choosing instruments pre-
viously played only by men. Doroth
Ziegler, for instance. plays the trombon
because her father organized a girls
band when she was years old and h
needed a trombone player. Paul
Wiesenfeld, who plays the unwieldy bas
fiddle, started on it because it was tn
only instrument nobody else wanted t
play in the school orchestra. Miss Hol
iern chose the English horn for tn
same reason, although she had a secre
yearning for trumpet.
Those are some of the girls who al
replacing men in wartime-just AS the
sisters are doing with rivets and ham
mers on the production line.
Evening star., 1943-10-24

workers who made them will look for
place to use them. They already have
brought forth a water purifier, tiny
water pump of considerable capacity,
a smoke generator and such purely war
items as mounts and cooling systems
for rapid-fire guns.
The prize item among the things
being made in Higgins plants and tab-
oratories in and around New Orleans
Is a helicopter, designed and being
built by Eneas Bossi, So, naturalized
American who built Italys first air
plane in 1909.
Higgins takes his hand off the wheel
and puts his foot to the floor when he
starts talking heliCopter. He feels that
Bossi has found the answer to the de-
mand for an efficient and easily handled
vertical lift plane. The key to success,
he says, is the invention which permits
fitting the rotating blades without dis
turbing the level of the fuSelage.
A Helciopter tor All.
Simple as a crowbar,' Higgins says Of
this QeVlCe.
Bossi says so. too. Then he explains
that the Patent Office sent the drawings
back because the thing was "unWorE-
able" A working model quickly con-
vinCed them, the designer says.
The BosSi helicopter, which has at
racted the attention Of War Depart
ment officials, probably will be given test
flights in November. In appearance it
is similar to the popular conception OF
helcopter, but is more Streamlined and
has a double set of rotors. Opposite
the anti-torque propeller on the tail Is
q small trimming tab. resembling half OF
a stabilizer. 1t is designed as a two
place ship, but can readily be fixed II
carry four persons.
Evening star., 1943-10-24
BY Miriam Gutenberg.

When the National Symphony Or
chestra opens its 18th season on No
yenlber 3, the stage of Constitution Hall
will be graced by Is girl musicians
more than any other major symphony
orchestra is using.
A number of orchestras have used
some women In the string and harp
sections, but DR.. Hans Kinder, the Ma
tional Symphonys ebulhent conductor,
has four women in the brass section
an eyebrow-raising departure from ira
ditlon.
When Dr.. Kinder was touring last
spring. he made the rounds Of the
Conservatives. looking for material.
When he would ask if they had any
good players, conservatory heads would
respond that the draft had taken most
of the men Then, they would add, with
some hesitation that they did have some
women.
DR.. Kinder asked for additions. The
ElfIS were SO dllhlOuS W LldhC SOOb VIA Y
their playing was inspired, he says. AS
a result, there we're nine women in the
orchestra for the summer season. The
Water Gate concerts sold DR.. Kinder
on women musicians
As for the men musicians. DR.. Kinder
SAYS they don't want the girls to be bet
ter than they are, that the feminine
contingent makes for more insplreo
and responsive orchestra.
Breaking Prejudice.
Il have always been for women il
the orchestra. anyhow he explained
But 1 had a natural reticence abou
using them in any great number becaus
1t was so against the accustomed orde
of things. The war has given then
their chance and l feel they have def
nitely broken through the prejudlc
against them"
If women created any headache!
George Gaul the orchestras personne
manager, would be the one to suffer, bu
Evening star., 1943-10-24

of the plant, says was the biggest dredg-
ing operation ever. The Michaud loca-
ton covers more than 1000 acres, has
a main building with more than As acres
of floor space under one roof, and
ground prepared for an airport with
runWays nearly miles long.
Cargo airplanes will be built in the
Michaud factory Higgins says, as soon
as I get the blueprints'
New Orleans has seen blustery Andy
Higgins do that sort of thing with boats
Evening star., 1943-10-24

plants, expanded overnight, for in his
Eureka boat Higgins had the basic
hull design for all small landing craft.
The screw propellors are in semi
tunnel which permits use in extremely
shallow waters.
Boats by the Minute.
At city park plant, which Higgins
saws is the largest wooden boat factory
in the country, such little landing boats
as took American troops ashore on Sicily
and Italy are rolling toward the war
fronts in close packed lines. The boats
are put together. painted and armored
almost in the time it takes to walk along
the line.
Beside them. at slower pace, move
PIT boats in double line In the Higgins
CITY park and industrial canal plants,
everything moves in lines. The indus
trial canal plant, named for the water
Evening star., 1943-10-24
He Plans Boats and Planes for Everybody
BY James j. Strebig,
Associated Press Aviation Editor.


ORLEANSAndew round NyaWlens
build
it.
100
quatered in
of
methods will carried
Liberty ships Cancelled abruptly
GAG
whether
would me
all
a his
pNwood
Evening star., 1943-10-24

Air Force, tank lighters and steel land
ing boats. The assembly line plan which
Higgins had worked out for Liberty ships
is being used for the small cargo vessels.
The other large Higgins plant is at
Michaud, IL miles east of New orleans,
the site chosen for the Liberty shlpyard.
1t is known as Higgins Heights be-
cause it is feet above the level of
New Orleans, having been thrown up
from the swamp in what Frank Higgins
27-year-old son of the boss and manager
Evening star., 1943-10-24

for some years. No one around here
doubts that he will do it with airplaneS.
Higgins already has begun making
the sub-assemblies for the Gas, which
is a great deal nearer production than
he got either with the Liberty ship or
the C-76 Final assemblies are not far
off and there will be no happier man
in New Orleans than Andrew Jackson
Higgins when the vast-the word seems
a little small for such big place
Michaud plant is dedicated next week
Evening star., 1943-10-24

In the development of our constitution.
The present day Feeder Canal is the
only one still in use of five short
canals constructed by the Potomac COM
pany around the major falls Of the
river. In its heydey, about 1911, the
canal tolls totaled S22 542 annually. Over
1900 boats carrying 1880 tons of goods
at a value of nearly a million dollars
are recorded for that year. Flour, whis-
ky, iron and groceries were among the
chief commodities transported.
Washington had to use all OF his
influence and ingenuity in financing
the Improvements to the river between
1885 and 1902. Lottery tickets were en-
ployed to lure cash. while stock was
sold TO affluent Americans and to sub
Scribers abroad The list of subscribers
included five members of the Washing
ton family, many of the prominent pO-
litiCal and military leaders of the day.
and several Dutch bankers including
Peter C. Van Eighan.
One-Way 'Condolas.'
An interesting sidelight on the Poto-
mac company's operations was the ul-
innate fate of the hundreds OF "gon-
dolas" which came down the river each
year. These scows, so to IS feet long
and feet wide, were sold at about s.
Arkansas State press. [volume] (Little Rock, Ark.) 1941-1959, 1943-11-26
Nine Arkansalls
Get Promotions

San Angelo, Teyas-Nine Ar
kansas members of the 360th
Aviation Squadron OF the San
Angelo Army Air Field have re-
ceived promotions according to
announcement made yesterday
by Col. George NJ. Palmer. COM
manding officer of the bombar-
dier school.
In the list of promotions is
Sergeant John II. Haywood, of
Smackover, who was made staff
sergeant; Sergeant Arthur Stan
ley, Of Lewisville, made staff
sergeant, Sergeant Lawrence
Nichols, of Lewisville, made staff
sergeant; Corporal Clifton Divon
of Tyronza, made sergeant; Corp
oral Robert Walker of Brasfield,
made sergeant; Private First
Class Charlie Malone Of Wilson,
made Corporal; Private First
Glass Gifted ELAN. Frenchman' s
Bayou, made corporal; Private
Alvin H. Johnson of Osceola. made
Corporal, and Private Fkst Class
William Thomas oil Carlisle, maize
CORPORAL.
Arkansas State press. [volume] (Little Rock, Ark.) 1941-1959, 1943-11-26

the os OF streecos ond bues at rush hours throws
together before Cooed passengers who get crowd
ed buses hove to push their woy the through
dense Of white people, and the they
must force their woy back the front again. II would be prefer
obe it the Negroes allowed to stond sit the bus
wherever they could find thus avoiding the push through
the poeked oisles.
1T is this push which couses most Of the trouble"
Finely. the MeS-DlSPATCH editorial mokes the point
ho Of oe yeors segregation is Strictly enforced rowoy
roins ond cross country buses. soyne:
Segregation Of the roiwoy and bus
lines hos been abandoned considerable degree both in Vr
sno and other Southern Sotes ond definitely on the
way out We have heord Of unfortunate results Why then
should not the segregation lows for oeys and buses
be mnoed? The oet thot they should be- ond without de-
10y"
believed that this editorial historic pronoancement
since il the first time in the modern South hot Influential
dolly pope hos demanded the repeal any type Of segregation
law.
Discussion Of the editorial the letter column Of the TIMES
DISPATCH got off to eve Tuesday, November l6 when
out Of five letters published four fovored epeo Of the Jim
lows The reoeon Of Venions to Editor Dobneys editorial will
be wotehed with keen interest by Negroes and white people
throughout the notion.
Arkansas State press. [volume] (Little Rock, Ark.) 1941-1959, 1943-11-26
1t s Customary to
ASK Dogan''

A brieadier-general stationed
in Australia wants some obscure
item OF information concerning a
U. s. Army or Navy expedition
which went to the River Jordan
sometime in the past" A col
onel stationed on the West Coast
wants TO know II his family's
Washington lease can be invalid
ated. Such vague queries are di-
rected to Charles Dogan, n y. s..
Corps Of Engineers messenger
about whom a personality sketch
appears in the November issue
Of the NEGRO DIGEST.
The article ASK Dogan," re-
veals that the 43-year-old son Of
a Negro slave who earns less
than $4,000 n year, has a phe-
nomenal memory and that his
ability to dig up Information out
Of dusty and forgotten War De-
partment files has become legend.
airy.
Arkansas State press. [volume] (Little Rock, Ark.) 1941-1959, 1943-11-26
Alfred de Marigny Acquitted;
Prosecutors Fame Increases

Nassau. bahamas tCNS) -
The fame Of the noted Negro at
torney, Alfred Francis Adderly,
assistant prosecutor in the now
famous trial of Alfred de Marigny,
acquitted of the charge of MUIR
dering his father-in-law Sir
Harry Cakes, has not decreased
as result of the acquital of the
defendant, according to reports
reaching New York.
The inside story of the de
Marigny case in the possible ac-
quital was known In advance by
the grape vine telephone"
which implied that If deMarigny
was convicted of the charge, the
large white wealthy tourist trade
OF Nassau, Bahaman Islands, op-
posite Florida, would end quick
ly, Further, that the appoint
ment Of the famous Negro attor-
ne was done to assure the press
and white population that while
the island Is populated generally
by dark skinned people, British
Justice would not permit any
color problem to develop by i'm
plication that a white man could
be tried justly only by white
jury, be prosecuted by white at
torney in Negro attorney.
The British have learned a lot
since the war started, they are
realizing that the white courts
OF China" formerly used to try
white men in China are things OF
the past, and that the whole fu-
ture of the United Nations rests
upon good will between all men,
least the white world kill itsself
off, become slaves to other white
people and dras the Negroes back
into slavery with them.
The trial Was carried out with
dignity, without the question OF
color OF the majority Of the peo-
ples Negro policcmen guarded
the court, the prisoner. and saw to
It that absolute order was kept
by all alike. White reporters
who attended the trial have been
unable to say single word
against the local law enforcement
officers, and the end of the trial
brought no angry reports about
the conduct OF the noted Negro
attorney, Alfred Francis Ad-
derby. who performed his duty
with great credit and upheld the
trust placed In him by the Island
ers.
Arkansas State press. [volume] (Little Rock, Ark.) 1941-1959, 1943-11-26
The Miss Carmen Jones' Steps Out

New York - (CNS - Mure Rohn sensational New York
concert oppeorns the title role Of Billy Roses
CARMEN JONES' will be Broadway ogon this season.
The toaned young artist who orted the opero and music world
ecent by learning ond performing the difficult role two weeks
was lest acng the Greet White Woy the Alfred Lunt-
Ann ontonne extcvosonzo The Prate Eoch season. Miss
Kahn divides her time between concert ond theatre
yeor ago last August while eheorsnq for THE Pote"
she cok time out TO to Chicago and sing with the eighty
piece symphony orchestra the famous Gont Park She'll the
first of her TO be honoed Letter the season. she de-
serted Broadway and the Luns for tour that took her
over five thousand miles During the she become the
first Negro concert to oppeor the renowned Voter
Cote Boree Washington c. with the National Symphony
Orchestra This followed BY subsequent concerts at the Uni
veTsites Wisconsin, Purdue Illinois and other notono asttu-
tions Of the mid west.
Just lost week, she took eove Of obssncs from CARMEN
JONES to sing concerts at the Tennessee College and Ken
lucky Stoe College both Of which tremendous success
She returned to the show IN Boston this week
Arkansas State press. [volume] (Little Rock, Ark.) 1941-1959, 1943-11-26
Negro Women
Solve This Man
Power Shortage

When representatives Of the
Presidents Committee on Fair
Employment Practice convinced
officials of large Eastern war
plant that their reason for re-
lection of Negro women as en-
ployees had no factual basis, the
company relaxed its barriers and
has made great steps toward
eliminating labor shortage, a
report filed with the Committee
in Washington, d. c., revealed
this week.
Will Maslow, FEPC Director Of
Field Operations, said that Negro
girls have been hired BY the
company and found quite satisfac-
tory since the company ISSUED
strict instructions to ali it's sup
ervisory and personnel staff to
eliminate any considerations Of
race, religion or nationality in
employment.
Arkansas State press. [volume] (Little Rock, Ark.) 1941-1959, 1943-11-26
Radio Artist
To Appear in
Recital Here

Pine Bluff - Mercedes Gilbert.
star of stage, radio and screen.
will appear in recital at the A.
NJ. 4 N. College, Friday night,
December 8 at eight. Miss Gil
bert has appeared in recitals in
many outstanding Colleges, mi
versitics, clubs ard sororities
meetings and in all parts Of the
unitrd States and Canada.
Miss Gilbert Nj considered III
of Americas leading actresses.
She is the author OF several books
of poetry. She wrote an Album of
Records on Negro History THE
Cavalcade Of The American Ne
gro. Among the Broadway pro-
duction in which she has appear
ed are: "Mulatto" Tin which she
starred), Green Pastures, Lace
Petticoat'', Lost, Home Bound
PLAY Genius Play, "Bamboola",
Morning StaEe, The Litt1D
Foxes. "TAe Male Animal.
Reflected Glory" etc. Miss GIL
bert is the author Of all the mono
logues and sketches in her "One
Woman Theatre" Her program
consists Of Music, monologues,
and character sketches.
Arkansas State press. [volume] (Little Rock, Ark.) 1941-1959, 1943-11-26
Trolley, Bus, Jim Crow Should Be Wiped
Out Says Southern Virginia Daily Paper

Richmond w. Segregation Of the in public tronspo
lotion particularly trolley and buses should be wiped BY
epeons the stote segregation lows deeoed here Novem
Der Is BY the TIMES DISPATCH Influential morning poper edit
ed by Vireinius Dobney.
In its leading editorial entitled ITO Lessen Roee Friction"
Mr. Dobney decloes:
The time hos to do something about the we'll nigh
ntoeobIe friction the eetcos and buses Of the
Sote This friction stems Iose from the lows which compel the
segregation Of white and coored passengers Repeo Of the
Sote law which requires segregation Of the seeeo and
buses ond Of oeo ordinances which emboy the require
ment would solve the difficulty In Richmond there ordinance
which Council would have repeo but the General Assembly
would hove to peo Section 1918 Of the Virginia Code covering
streeteors. ond Section 4097z covering buses"
The editorial makes the point ot under present conditions
with oil transport vehicles crowded. these segregation lows
only foil to keep the opo but oetuo increase friction and
irritation. Mr.. Dobney deelores
"Aeuoy under existing conditions. they have the opposite
effect and they eonon irtont Hundreds. If not thou
sonds Of times doy these regulations throw the
into closer contact thon ever ond at the time wound
the feelings Of the Negroes
The lows result in closer inteoeiol contoct than would
usually sit in seporote seo the invariably crowded condition
Arkansas State press. [volume] (Little Rock, Ark.) 1941-1959, 1943-11-26
CAPT. ( CLEMAN WIG
sfI0T SOLDIER, RETIRED
INEFFICIENT

Washington, d. C. -- G. N. s.
- Captain William T. Coleman,
who while commander at Selfridge
Field, shot a Negro soldier while
under the influence of liquor, has
been retired from the Army as
inefficient" The action which
was announced by the War De-
partment came as result Of re-
view of his case by War Secre-
tary Stimson and q Board of In
quirv. The review had to do with
the former Colonel's Court MAJ
ttal after which he was convict
ed Of drunkenness and, careless
use OF firearms ard his only pun
ishment was to be reduced in rank
from Colonel to Captain.