davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-08-16
Destruction OF 5 Ships
Revealed During Week

chant vessel and another Of undis.
closed United Nations registry.
Announced Western Atlantic ship
ping losses from January through
July were at the rate of IA per
month, in contrast to the first year
Of the war when Axis submarines
were credited with destroying Al
lied and neutral shipping at the
rate of ten ships week.
Last week Vice Admiral John H.
Hoover, former Tenth Naval Dis
trict commander, said shipping
losses were still lower than for
merly despite "some increase in
the last month or so'' in the Axis
submarine warfare in the Carib-
bean area.
On all seas reduced losses from
U-boat attack due to effective
counter measures, combined with
rising American ship construction,
had given the Allies a temporary
surplus of shipping for the first
time since the war began, the Lon-
Continued ON Page Two; Col. ~
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-08-16
BY WALTER LIPPNIANN

No foreign policy can ever work
successfully if those who conduct
it misjudge their own power. That
is the axiom, I venture to suggest,
which explains why the President,
Mr.. Hull and the State Depart
ment have been beset by growing
difficulties since the autumn of
1912. 1t is true that the State
Department is inadequately con-
stituted and badly organized to
conduct our foreign policy. But
the weakness of the State Depart
ment, though it has long been
known to close observers in Wash
ington, was not made generally
evident until few months ago.
1t became evident only when a
deep, but unappreciated, change
in our foreign relations had oc-
Cured. When the President and
his chief advisers did not appre-
ciate this deep change in our rela-
tive position in the world, their
policies began to be increasingly
unworkable and disappointing.
They then made the very human
mistake of getting angry at their
critics rather than of re-examin-
ing their own policies.
The honeymoon period of Presi-
dent Roosevelt's foreign policy
lasted from Pearl Harbor in De-
cember. 1941, until the autumn Of
1912. Four great events happened
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-08-16
SUPPORT NEEDED
FOR LOCKER idea
Freezing Units For Urban
And Rural Residents
May Be Reality

A freezer locker unit for resi-
dents, both urban and rural, IN
New Hanover and surrounding
counties may become a reality
if sufficient support of the project
is gained within the next few days
R. w. Galphin, county agent, an
nounced Sunday.
decision to make application to
the federal government for a
freezer unit for this area was
reached at a meeting Of locker
committee, Saturday, when 1t was
revealed that 300 such units woule
soon be made available for distrl
button throughout the nation.
Mr. Galphin explained that the
local project must be underwater
at once, inasmuch as the govern
ment will honor requests for units
onlv from sections where mucf
demand is evident.
Individual partitions will meas
IRE 17x24 feet. The rental fee, cur
rentlv payable, is $50. Should tint
nroiect fail consummation, the ad
vance payments will be refunded
A number of farmers have al
readv subscribed to the idea. Ine
fContinued OH Page 5; Column s.
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-08-16
AMERICANS CLOSE
in NEAR BAIR0K0
Pincers Tightens On Jap
anese Troops On New
Georgia Island

ALLIED HEADQUARTERS IN
THE SOUTHWEST PACIFIC, Mon
day, Aug. 16.-(P)-An American
pincers is closing or japanese
troops south of Bairoko on New
Georgia in the central Solomons, a
communique said today.
Forty-eight Japanese planes
were downed in the entire battle
area, the bulletin added.
Nineteen barges were destroyed
or damaged by the Allies off the
New Guinea coast.
Enemy planes tried two raids or
Allied positions along the western
end of the battlezone. attacking
Wau, inland from Salamaua ir
northeastern New Guinea, ano
Woodlark island off the northeast
ern New Guinea coast. The as
saults were Ineffective, the corn
munique said.
Twelve enemy bornbers escort
ed by 25 fighters made the stab to,
ward Wau, a rear base for the
Allied ground forces moving
against Salamaua. They were in
tercepted near Marilnan, and II
of the bombers and sGree of the
fighters were said to have beer
shot down.
Three Allied interceptors were
reported missing.
In another series Of intercep'
tions over Vella Lavella island
northwest of the New Georgia bat
tlefront, and elsewhere in the Sol
onions, American fliers destroyed
"a enemy planes, IL of them dive
bombers and the rest fighters.
"Seven of this total" the com
munique said, ''were destroyed
over Kahili airdrome when oul
fighters caught an enemy forma.
ton returning to base" Subse.
quently the American airmer
strafed many planes caught on the
field, central enemy airdrome
on Bougainville island.
The Solomons air action, which
included a bombing raid against
Villa airdrome on Kolombangara
island, and another against enc
my barges off Choisful island, cost
the Americans only two planes.
In the New Guinea fighting zone
around Salamaua, Allied heavy
bombers poured SO tons of explo'
sives on the ,Komiatum sector.
The attack was made in the face
Continued on Page Two Col II
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-08-16
Walter Lippmann Says:
A Good Foreign Policy
REQUIRES Extreme Care

in the autumn of 1912: Stalingrad,
Ell Alamein, the North African
landing and the crisis of the
Solomons and Guadalcanal opera
ton. They were the turning point
of the war. They were also the
turning point in our own foreign
relations.
Until November, 1912, our role
was principally to supply NUM-
tions and to send reinforcements
to our hard-pressed Allies. They
did the principal fighting. But
they depended upon our capacity
and willingness to reinforce them.
The central instrument of our ac-
tivity was lend-lease, and our war
time diplomacy was formed in the
image of lend-lease-that is to say
of war and of a peace to follow
in which in our strength we helped
our Allies who then followed our
leadership.
1t was then that grandiose
schemes of worldwide beneficence
were talked about. 1t was then
that we began to debate whether
we would lend our support to the
maintenance of peace. It was then
that the President conceived the
idea that we, rather than French
men, were the trustees OF French
democracy. It was then that the
little Machiavellis took to meddling
Continued on Page Two; Col. y
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-08-16

provincial capital. And there is lit
tie room for doubt that it will be
translated, at the times and places
which secret Allied strategy die
tates, into those major develop
ments in this war" upon whose
threshold Mr.. Roosevelt says the
United Nations stand.
Here in Quebec it is generally &C
cepted that the developments are
most likely to come in the Medl-
terranean and perhaps in western
Europe in the form of daring in
vasions of the Axis continental
fortress.
Reporters crowding around as
Churchill descended from his six
car special train got in one ques-
ton: what do you expect to ac-
complish?"
"What they call in the United
States, no comment" the ruddy
prime minister replied, grinning
and holding up a cautioning fore
finger.
Continued on Page Two; Col. A.
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-08-16
BRITON DECLARES
LUFTWAFFE HURT
Air Marshal Coningham
Says Northwest Air
Force Supreme

| AT TACTICAL AIR FORCE
HEADQUARTERS IN SICILY. Aug
15.-tR-Air Marshal Sir Arthur
Coningham declared today that the
German air force has been knock
ed out of the skies as far as we
are concerned and that maximum
help to Allied ground forces was
now the aim of the Northwest Afri.
ca tactical air force.
However, the commander told
war correspondents at a press con-
ference that ''We are getting out
of the fine weather area in the
push northward.
What has been done here in the
air cannot be done in Europe, p"
he said. I'VE have had months
of the most perfect weather here
in the Mediterranean. Our armies
are rather inclined to take for
grantd the kind of air support we
are giving, but they must learn to
do for themselves some of the
work we have been doing.''
Coningham said another month
of perfect flying conditions could
be expected in the Mediterranean,
while meteorological records show
ed that in Europe generally ION
only two or three days out of five
can the ground be seen from 5000
feet.
Without spell of what once
was called Hitler weather we can
not do in Europe what we have
done here" the marshal continued.
The German army is learning
to fight without air covering. We
are not. That is to be expected,
because I expect not only to have
our tremendous air superiority to
the end of the war, but to see it
increased"
Etaborating on his view that the
German air forces had ceased to
be a decisive factor in the Medi-
terranean war, Coningham said the
Germans were at present able to
operate planes effectively in the
defense of Western Europe against
attacks from Britain, but that its
once formidable power in this thea
ter was gone.
He described the German air
losses as Astronomical"
While Nazi planes remain very
good, the German personnel ap-
pears to have suffered "a COM
plete loss of fighting spirit, ne
said. He said the crewmen were
mot efficient and their wastage OF
machines is terrific
Their new Junkers-S8 (bomber)
has a device for throwing in gas
which appears to have increased
the planes speed about 60 miles
an hour he said, but added that
the speed-up quickly burns out
the twin engines. He said the
Messerschmitt fighters had new en-
gines.
At present, he estimated, half Of
Germany's air power is engaged or
the Russian front and the other
Continued on Page Five: Col. A.
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-08-16
Six Ameriicg
Vessels XyylS !
LnTwok,I SIS
Submarine Pickerel And
Destroyer Maddox Head
The List
NO DETAILS REVEALED
Commanders OF Two Larg.
est Ships Are Missing
In Action

WASHINGTON, Aug. IS
-(P)-Six U. S. war ships,
battling the Axis throughout
the world, have gone to the
bottom in the last two months
the Navy reported today.
The submarine Pickerel and
destroyer Maddox topped the
list of lost vessels which also
included the gunboat Plym-
ou h, submarine chaser
PC496, mine sweeper Senti-
mel, and submarine rescue
vessel Redwing.
No details of the PickerePs
loss were given by the Navy
which did not even name the
ocean in which she made her
last war patrol under COM
mand of 1t. Com. Augustus
H. Aston, Jr., reported miss
ing in action.
May Have Hit Japs
However, it was presumed that
the Pickerel was one of the under
sea craft which have been taking
q heavy toll of japanese shipping
and cutting enemy supply lines
throughout the Pacific. Only yes
terday the Navy in report on the
submarine war against Japanese
shipping reported the sinking o1
seven enemy ships and damaging
of five others, bringing to BOY the
number of Japanese vessels OF all
types sunk or damaged by subma
rines since the war began.
Bombs or torpedoes from AXIS
planes sank the Maddox in sharp
battle off the coast of Sicily July
10. Her commander, 1t. Com. Eu-
gene Sylvester Sarsfield, was re-
ported missing in action.
Underwater explosions, which
might have come from either tor
pedoes or mines, destroyed the sub
chaser PC 496 on June and the
rescue ship Redwing on June ~
in the Mediterranean. The NINE
Continued on Page Two; Col. g.
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-08-16

OH the OLner S1Qe agreed ana all
terms had been met by the italian
government.
1T the declaration) will be val
i'd only when a bilateral state
ment is issued by two belligerent
powers" said the, broadcast re-
corded by the Ministry of Infor-
nation. 1.-THE enemy must be al
lowed to ascertain that measures
laid down by international law are
all and integrally carried OUT
The explanation appeared to be
part of a campaign of the regime
of Marshal Pietro Badoglio to dis
claim responsibility for any furth-
er air attacks on the bomb-scarred
capital.
Meanwhile, Madrid dispatches
quoted Spanish correspondents in
Rome as reporting that the bomb
ing of the Italian capital had "end-
ed or should end all illusions" con-
corning Italy's continuation of the
war.
These statements were cryptic
and undetailed, but Madrid dis
patches said the stopping of all
military traffic through Rome, as
the result of making the capital an
open city, would indicate that the
Badoglio government did not con-
template a strong defense of south
ern and central Italy.
This view conceded with that of
military men in London, who point
ed out that Rome is the key COM
munication link between northern
and southern Italy.
There was no official comment
in London today on the Italian gov
ernment's declaration and no sign
that it had been received through
official channels. At No. 10 Down
Continued on Page Three; Col. -
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-08-16
Draft Of Fathers Seen
Certain By October /,
Unless Congress Moues

WASHINGTON, Aug. 49,
R-Unless Congress inter-
venes, some hitherto draft
proof fathers of children born
before September Is, 1912. ap-
pear certain to be drafted into
the armed services October l.
the War Manpower Commits
sion believes.
Lawrence AppIey, VINO ex-
ecutive director, acknowledged
at press conference yester-
day that this is likely. While
hope has been expressed in
some quarters that induction of
fathers might be delayed gen.
orally beyond October 1, Ap-
pley observed that induction ON
that date Clocks definite"
simultaneously VINO issued
new draft orders designating
several additional jobs as non
deferable. The commission al
SO acted to prevent workers
throughout the nation from
moving from one town to an
other to take a new job with
out WINGS permission.
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-08-16
Reds Cut Wav
[ntoKarachev
In Big Fight
Vital Outpost To Bryansk
Falls To Crushing
Soviet Drive
CITY WRAPPED IN FIRE
Bitter Street Battle RACES
After Russians Enter
Bastion

LONDON, Aug. 15.-(P)-
Overcoming some of the fer
cest resistance encountered
since the start Of its spectac-
ular summer offensive, the
Red army smashed today into
the smoke and flame of Kar-
achev, main German outpost
east of Bryansk, and captur-
ed the burning stronghold
after a bitter fight in the
streets.
The fall of Karachev was
announced in a special COM
munique which also said 70
other towns and villages were
captured in advances of from
8 1-2 to six miles along a
curving front which threat
ened, to pocket Bryansk as
Orel was pocketed before it.
WaracheY is only 26 miles
east of Bryansk and is two
thirds the distance alsng the
railroad from Orel to Bry-
ansk.
Stain Commends Forces
The 18th and 84th guards infan-
try divisions and the 238th and
369th infantry divisions captured
the city, and in recognition OF
their courage and skillful opera
tion'' Marshal-Premie Stain said
in. an order of the day that the
four divisions would have Kara
chev" added to their names hence
forth. Russian divisions that freed
Orel and Belgorod August 5 were
the first to receive the honor OF
including the names of those cities
in their titles.
Pushing their spearhead to the
north of Bryansk, vital railway
link between the Germans central
and southern fronts, the Russians
also captured Pesochnya, So miles
north of the city and at the end
Of spur railway.
They swept Zikyeevo, 36 miles
northeast of Bryansk on the Bry-
ansk-Sukhinichi line, and Khasto-
vichi. "a miles north of Karachev,
into their net, and farther north
in the Spas Demensk area, the
Russian troops also advanced and
improved their positions.
In the latter area, oo mlles
north of Bryansk and 80 miles
southeast of Smolensk, the Rus
SLAMS were attempting to drive a
wedge which would cut the smo-
lensk-Bryansk railway.
Karachev was reported in flames
either from artillery fire or Ger
man demolitions, as tie Russians
fought their way into the strongly
fortified point which formed one OF
the main defenses OF Bryansk.
Two hundred miles to the south,
where the Russians had battled
into the streets Of Kharkov, Ger
man defense stiffened.
With the German escape corrl-
Continued on Page Two; Col. -
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-08-16
WEATHER

FORECAST:
North Carolina: Continued warm -
Eastern Standard Time)
fBy U S. Weather Bureau)
Meteorological data for the "a hours
ending 1880 p. M. yesterday.
TEMPERATURE:
30 a. M, 80; 7:30 a. M, 81; 1870 p.
M. IS: 7:30 m. 80.
Maxinaum SO; Minimum IS; Mean "a;
Normal 78.
1880 a. M. "a; 7:3o a. M, 73; 1:so p.
iii'' PRECIPITATION:
Total for the "a hours ending 1880 p
M Total since the first of the month,
''1' iDE TIDES. FOR TODAY:
fFronn the Tide Tables published by
TT Coast and Geodetic Survey.
High Low
u;,yoin eton ------------ 10 :07a 4:54a
10:39p silly
Masonboro Inlet 7:52a 1:51s
826p 2:03r
Sunrise 5:34a. M; Sunset :58 D. m.
,noonrise 1852 p. M; Moonset $40 a. N
cane Fear River stage at Fayetteville
m Sunday. at a. m, 1890 feet.
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-08-16
Enemy Freighter Hit
j Americans In India;
Akyab Hit By RAF Unit

NEW DELHI, Aug. 15.-'R-
Heavy bombers of the Tenth u.
S. Air Force scored two direct
bomb hits on "a japanese
freighter south of Rangoon Fri.
day, causing an explosion and
fires, raked her with their guns
and left her in a sinking condi-
ton, an American communique
announced today.
In other operations in the
Burmese theater Raj yelling
tons operating in the Akyab is
land area bombed the town of
Akyab and scored direct hits on
a power plant, a British COM
munique announced.
Other American b0mbers, op-
Grating in the Bay of Bengal,
attacked two enemy launches
and dropped bombs on Pagoda
Point.
Raj Beaufighters attacked 80
sampans in sweep along the
Irrawaddy river, between Mag
we and Prone setting a num-
ber of them afire.
Both the American and Brit
ish operations were accomplish
ed without the loss of any air.
craft. the communicates said.
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-08-16
MILAN B0MBARDED
AGAIN BY BRITISH
Berlin Hit By Fast Mosqui-
to Planes; St. Omer Is
Pounded

LONDON, Aug. 15.-tR-Taking
advantage of ideal weather condi-
tions, British heavy bombers struck
again last night at important ar
mament factories of Milan as Mos
uuitos raided Berlin and the Nazl
air fields at the French city OF St.
Omer were attacked by U. S. A.
A. F. Marauders by daylight to-
day.
This afternoon four -engined bonn
bers we're seen crossing the British
Goa st headed toward France, strlk-
ing at the continent where a large
number of fighter planes also rang
ed during the day.
Britain's r-engined Lancasters
hit two vital sections of Milan,
dropping huge loads in % minutes
on the Breda armament works, the
Italian equivalent of the German
Krupp works, in the Sesto San
Giovanni district, and on indus
tries and railways nearer the cen
ter of the city, the Air Ministry
said.
Crews said "sticks of heavy
bombs went right across" the Bre-
da works and that well-concentrat.
ed fires flared up as high as 6,oot
feet in the central district hit two
nights ago. The Air Ministry sale
photographs showed very import
ant war factories" were struck II
the previous raid and that fires
were still burning when the bonn
bers went over. =,
The Milan attack was on small
ler scale than the last great pom
bing of Italy's chief manufactur
ing center early Friday when more
than l 900 long tons of bombs were
dropped, but the size of the raldlnf
force was sufficient to impress the
neace hungry population that ne
ietup was in sight as long as Mar
shall Pietro Badoglio keeps Italy II
the war.
The Berlin attack by Mosquito:
was continuation of the repea'
performances of these swift air
craft over the Reich capital, whose
neople momentarily expected the
real thing from squadrons o.
heavier bombers.
In the Milan raid the princlpa
target was the Breda armamen.
works in the northeast industrla
suburbs. where locomotives, air
craft machine-guns, bombs ane
shells are manufactured.
(The Italians declared in com
munique broadcast from Rome ane
recorded by the Associated Press
CONTINUED on Page Three; Col. 8
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-08-16
(By The Associated Press

The destruction of five merchant
vessels by enemy submarines, an
nounced during the past weke, rails
ed the Associated Press tabulation
of Allied and neutral ship losses
in the Western Atlantic since Pearl
Harbor to 684.
The weeks announcements rep
resented the highest weekly total
since late in May. The Navy said
that three of the sinkings occurred
early in July, one in June and one
in May.
Two of the destroyed ships were
of United States registry, bringing
to 276 the number of American
merchantmen announced as sunk
in the Western Atlantic since De-
cember 7. 1941.
A medium sized Norwegian cargo
vessel was lost, representing the
9th Morse loss in these waters in
the post Pearl Harbor period.
The Navy also announced de-
struction of a small Greek mer-
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-08-16
East May Get
Gas Increase
IN Two Weeks
0PA General M anager a
Tells OF Plans To Raise
Allotment
MUST EXERCISE CARE
Public Told Shipments To
seaboard To Be Stepped
Up Soon

WASHINGTON, Aug. 10.
-lP,--The Office of Price
Administration held out the
"hope' tonight that Eastern
motorists might get a half
Gallon increase in their basic
Gasoline ration Of 1 IL gal
Ions a week, but said they
would have to earn it by
their own driving economy IN
the next two weeks. .
Chester Bowles, general
manager of OPA, told OF
nlans to divert to the eastern
shortage area the fuel expect
ed to be saved daily through
The ration cut from four to
three gallons effective at
Midnight in the Midwest and
Southwest. Then he added in
q (Blue Network) broadcast:
AT the present time East
Co2st gasoline inventories
q'e only about 80 per cent OF
tRa 1941 level. The fact is
that we cannot eliminate the
bon on non-essential driving
and we can not increase the
- ration in the East unless
we are mighty careful during
the next two weeks.
Must Live Up To Ban
we've got to step up our ship
ments of gasoline east according
to schedule. And, in addition, you
folks here in the East must live up
to this ban on non-essentlal drlv-
ing. If we fail to do this, we will
find ourselves in the same old pre-
dicament-with dry tanks and thou
sands of trucks and industrial work.
ers' cars stalled by the roadside y
In addition to the cut to three gal
Ions per "a coupon in the state:
west of the Appalachians and cas-
of the Rockies, there will be TOP
limit of 480 miles per month in.
stead of 720 miles for "B" card
holders in that area.
q Meanwhile, some 10000 busses
Il and $4,000 taXicabs are to be re-
n ieved tomorrow from the 20 per
Z cent emergency mileage reduction
ordered last spring in the u north.
eastern states, part of West Virgin
Ia and the District of Columbia.
In mentioning the prospective
haf-gallon increase for "A'' card
holders in the East, Bowles said
that he hoped that this could come
in early September"
Inc size of the increase bore out
previous unofficial suggestions that
fasteners not get too excited
ABOUT I'D what was coming. Translat-
ed INTO driving terms, that two.
quart weekly increase comes to
about eight miles, enough for abo,,t
one daily trip to a grocery ha1f ~
mile away "N &"
81 boWles set September ! as the
uale lor lifting the pleasure driv-
my prohibition in the nortseast but
aes-emphasized s that it could be rails.
ca only if observance were GOOD
o45.ns oph the stock-building period.
UrA W., i, enforcement of the no-pleas.
le'oflvlng rule will continue ina
.s, ealed for that time under orders
..elepnoned . to branch offices YES.
srruas. snto Some areas had let up on
11oiuenent rn1o ',', after hearing that the
Tbe aV9la ora be rescinded.
ri1aS nne opa general manager criti.
'S rnoughtless" the objec.
0OnNnaed on Page Three; Col. y