davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-07-20
War Worker Wins
Gas 10 Get Family

A clause in OPA regulation
which stipulates that war workers
who come to Detroit from another
state may obtain gas TO return
home for their families or possess
sions today won y gallons of gas
for Bert Dawson, 81 E. State
Fair.
Davison'S ration board. which
previously had denied his request,
was advised by Harlan p. Christy.
chief OPA rationing attorney, to
grant him the gas to drive 10
Vincennes, Ind, for his three
small children.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-07-20
Secrecy Again Rules
World Food Farley

WASHINGTON. July 20-The
bars of secrecy viii clamp down
or the United Nations interim
food commission today as the
delegates begin 80 frame an inter-
national plan for food and aEri-
culture y |N ...,.,...
It's Hot Springs AL. over again.
Ncwspapcrmon viii not be per-
mitted 10 attend the sessions and
the only news viii be thar which
is cleaned from Paul Appleby,
L. s. delegate as official spokcS-
man.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-07-20
AC PIdnts Win
New T.. ). Award

FLINT. July 20-The frs
army-navy white star awarded in
the Flint area was presented to-
day at both plants Of the AC
Spark Plug division.
The new + pennant with a
white star was awarded for con-
tinued distinguished service ir
lieu of a second E award AC
was the first Flint firm 10 re-
ceive the {. having been pre-.
sented with this honor Sept. 2
1912.
Participating in the ceremonies
of posting the new flags at both
plants were George Mann Jr.. AC
general manager; Archie Jones
president of &C Local 651. and
w. f. Miner, industrial relations
director.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-07-20
Dates Set
For Meat
Stamps

Dates for four new groups Of
red stamps in Ration Book No. 2,
which may be used in buying
meats. oils, fats and dairy prod
ucts. we're announced today by
the OPA. All will expire August
81.
New stamps and their valid
dates are as follows:s
Red Stamps Valid Date
T July Is
u August l
V August 8
w August Is
Validity of the stamps on sue
-cessive Sundays and the common
expiration date constitute the
same procedure as followed by
OPA on other issues.
Blue stamps r, S and T OF
Ration Book 2 will become valid
Aug. l and remain good until
Sept 7.
Housewives were reminded that
four sets Of red stamps, p, @. r
and S will expire Saturday, July
81. These stamps, officials said.
should be used before the expira-
ton date TO prevent last minute
buying rushes.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-07-20
Jap Bombs Become
Chinese PIowshares

NEW YORK. July 20 GNS)-
The thrifty Chinese have con-
trived 10 make use of their
.enemy's uneXploded bombs, the
New York committee of the ma
tional war fund revealed today.
So many japanese bombs have
failed to explode that an ample
supply of picric acid from the
bombs is available 10 dye, this
years entire blanket supply. the
committee declared. The Chinese
also melt the bomb cannisters and
recast them into farm imple-
mentS.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-07-20

home for Christmas and rest
up?"
Edward first hurt his ankle
Mrs. Borycz explained, when he
was training TO be a paratrooper
in Texas. When il was found that
his ankle would not permit him Il
make subsequent jumps. he was
transferred 10 the infantry.
NEVER SOUGHT FIGHT
Edward never looked for a
fight" Mrs. Borycz said, but. II
anyone picked on hts friends or
buddies, he'd fight like mad.
81 guess those Italians must
have made him mad"
Young Borycz attended CaSS
Tech and worked in a Detroit war
plant before entering the army.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-07-20
Married SerViceERRe1n
TOHaVe Own Party

Married servicemen in the De-
troit area whose wives are here
with them will finally get a break
in an entertainment way tomor-
row night at the USO Couples
Party at the Central YWCA from
$50 p. m. 10 11:30 p. m.
Relating the plight of the mar
ried Servicemen and their wives,
Maclom Knowles, YMCA army
and navy secretary, explained:
commissioned officers have
their fun and so do the single
non-coms and privates. Some
how the young married soldier
and sailor have been overlooked.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-07-20

There is no place for him 10
have fun NTH his wife because
hoStesseS at USO parties are all
unmarried girls who have been
especially trained for hostess
duty. Wives are not included"
All m arrie q Servicemen and
their wives in the Detroit area
are invited to the party tomorrow
niCht and invitations have been
sent particularly 10 those AZ Sell
fridge Field. 81. LukcS Barracks
in Windsor. Fort Wayne, the
Naval Armory. The Ford Naval
Training School. the Crosse lie
Naval Base and the army and
navy recruiting offices.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-07-20
Packer Admits
.0PA Violation
Cs,. Her. and Now column for details ,

Harry Korcheck. operator Of
the American Packing Co. Pap
Riopelle. pleaded guilty today y
violating OPA ceiling prices when
he appeared before Federal Judge
Picard
Judge Picard deferred sentence
and ordered the probation depart
ment to determine whether Kor-
check had made huge profits IN
his operations.
Don't expect to get any COM
fort from this court" he SAID.
III the probation department
finds YOU have mazda an enorm-
Gus profit, IL might not be 80
profitable"
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-07-20
SPREAD OF MALARIA

He predicted spread OF ma
laria from the jungles as result
Of rapid air transportation. as
well as dysentery and other para
site iniestationS. which are car
RED by many persons even in the
temperate zones.
Pointing TO lack Of sanitation
in many ruraf areas and even
urban districts" Or Bailey called
upon the oSteopathic profession
not only 10 serve with greater
efficiency but also 10 prepare
more fully for greater service IN
the postwar period.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-07-20

trouble was.
three o h @ r
band leaders
had been in
vited for the
same parade,
and they al
re a d y had
had the same
idea.
There were
not any nnu-
sicians lie ( [.
Davis, re =
fusing 10 ac-
cept defeat.
went to the
theaters and
hired m u s l.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-07-20
) collector
Fugitives
Held Here

Five conscientious DIRECTORS
who left an Ohio camp will be re-
turned 10 Cleveland today 10 face
charges of violating the Selective
Service Act.
Arraigned before u. S. Commits
.sioner Hurd on fugitive warrants
after their capture yesterday by
the FBI. the men waived removal
hearings and were ordered held
for federal authorities under
81 500 bond.
John s. Bugas, Detroit FBI
chief. said the men deserted the
civilian public service camp at
Shcrrodsville, 0.
THE MEN HELD
Held are:
James Bristah, "a. Plymouth.
Milton NJ. Kramer, %, New
York.
Lauren E Tesdell, %, Des
Moines.
John f. MacGraw, 20 st. Paul.
Joseph Quinn, 70. Chicago
The men were arrested at the
home Of William Lowell. 405s
I Brooklyn. The residence is known
as the Brooklyn Christia n
I Colony 10 FBI agents.
The misunderstanding defendants
appeared for arrangement carry.
ing an assortment of books. in
Icluding what appeared TO be a
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-07-20
Airport InjunttionP Plea
To Be Heard AUG. 9

MT. CLEMENS, July 20--The
case in which Warren township
officials are seeking an injunction
TO block Detroit's efforts TO con-
denim a mile-Square area for an
airport site today was under adj
journment until August 9.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-07-20
Jack Pickering
Here
aHd
Now

NOTES AROUND TOWN:
/ Nat Brusiloff was telling the
STORY of Meyer Davis being in
vited to Washington to take
part in a parade with his band.
Davis decided to hire some
local musicians for the day. The
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-07-20
Daughter Born TO Walkers

y Commissioner Of Public Works
William NJ. Walker Jr. and Mrs.
Walker today announced the birth
Of a seven-pound, siX-ounce daugh-
tor at Harper Hospital July l5-It
is their second child.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-07-20

PRoCESsED FOODS CBius stamPs)
y, y, Q-Nald 20 Aug q.
GASOLINE
AsCoupUn s-EXpires- tomorrow.
A-Coupon - gals. July 2Z-sept. -.
FUEL OIL
Period k-i1 gallons 90 Sept 80.
Pertod new seriesl--l0 gallons for
each unit until Jan 3.
TIRE INSPECTION QDEADLINES
A-sept 30; Boot y C-Aug. 'l'
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-07-20
2NewPumps
Cut Restrictions
On SpriinkIing

With two of the four booster
pumps borrowed from Philadel-
phia installed and in operation,
the board of water commission
erS today voted to relax the eve
ming ban on lawn sprinkling.
Effective today, lawns may not
be sprinkled during the hours
from 4 to 9 p. m, two-hour re-
duction which had been from 4
until IL p. m.
Laurence G.. Lenhardt, water
department superintendent, re-
vealed 10 the commission that the
longer sprinkling ban had BOOM
eranged somewhat on Detroit s
water supply system.
THREAT IN NEW PEAK
I'VE established the 10 IL
ban to eliminate a dangerous
evening peak load" Lenhardt
said. "Now we find we are
faced with the threat of a dan
gerous peak between 10 and IL
a. mr., which is right at the
height OF the industrial activity.
at is my opinion that II we
give hOuseholders an additional
two hours lawp sprinkling at
night IL will prevent a certain
amount OF watering in the
morning."
Water department figures re-
vealed that one day last week
water pumpage reached rate OF
61S,00O,00O gallons a day between
10 and ii a. m, which was con-
sidered near the danger point.
PROTECT WAR PLANTS
"War industries are using Is
per cent more water today than
they were a year ago." Lenhardt
said. land their demands are
constantly growing. We must
protect their needs, together
with fire prevention needs, at all
costs"
"We can't be too hasty about
removing the lawn sprinkling
ban completely" Edward V.
Rippingille, commission presi-
dent, said. I'VE have TO be sure
Industrial needs can be served.
However, do think that
this ban can be gradually re-
Taxed as this new equipment IL
put in use. feel certain the
whole restriction can be re-
scinded within the next 80 days"
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-07-20
Want Some Gas?
--PiCl1 Cherries
Vacation Trips
Assured All Who
viii Work 5 Hours

You can have the gasoline 10 go
on your vacation u you agree to
spend just five hours a week pick
ing cherries in the Traverse City
area. Montague A. Clark. district
VINO director, revealed today.
The L. S. Employment Service
has been asked 10 recruit 5000
persons from the metropolitan
area 10 aid in picking a crop eSti-
mated AZ 100000 pounds, he
said.
Extra gasoline will he al
lowed when two or more per-.
sons go In single car and
agree 10 work, between them,
10 man hours a week." Clark
revealed.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-07-20
IN FOUR COUNTIES

Michigan's largest cherry or
chards are concentrated in four
counties along Lake Michigan,
Grand Traverse. Antrim, Leelanau
and Benzie. and many of them
are within walking distance Of
Lake Michigan's excellent beaches.
Those who really want TO spend
their time picking cherries can
earn from S. to So day, Clark
pointed out.
Housing facilities are not gen.
orally furnished by the growers,
although single men are usually
allowed TO sleep in the barns.
Families planning to take advan-
tage of the offer should take along
tents or tFaileTS.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-07-20
GO TO USES FIRST

Extra gas for this vacation,
which combines business with
pleasure, can be obtained by first
going to the USES and filling out
OPA Form 535. After having it
certified. the applicant then must
take il to his local ration board
where he will receive his extra
ration.
A worker must obtain a signed
statement from the farmer, show
ing he actually worked in a cherry
orchard. The statement must be
presented to his local ration board
before his regular gas ration
books. which he surrenders upon
receiving an extra allotment, are
returned TO him.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-07-20
Bookie by a Bombsight

NEW YORK. July 20 INS)-vEyery-
thing was running along smoothly today an
the bombsight plant OF the Carl l.. Nordcn
Co. after police closed the books on book
maker Archie Carabba.
Detectives watched Carabba- take slips
Of paper from several employees, thus slow
ing production. In court he pleaded guilty.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-07-20

Of himself and look out for that
ankle" she said. do you sup
pose maybe they'll let him come
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-07-20
AGREED TO LEAVE

Questioned by Asst. u. S. Atty.
Frank X. Norris, Bristah said they
had lust agreed to leave the
camp" and had deserted individ-
ually 10 meet at the Brooklyn
house.
BriStah said the Brooklyn
Christian Colony" was maintained
comparatively but stoutly denied
any affiliation with other sects.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-07-20
0steopdth Head
Hits Bi(kerind
On Health Law

Development Of wartime and
postwar health programs by the
elimination of pickering be-
tween governmental and other
health units was urged in the
closing sessions Of the American
Osteopathic Association by Or.
w. +. Bailey, newly-inducted
president.
DR., Bailey whose home is in
ST. Louis. Mo, succeeded DR.. r.
McFarlane Tilley Of Brooklyn,
n. Y AT the associations annual
meeting and war service confer
ence IN the Hotel Book-Cadillac,
which closed Yesterday.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-07-20
EPIDENIICs SEEN

Declaring that cooperation is
necessary TO properly guide the
entire future course Of public
health and practice" Dr.. Bailey
said:
"Epidemics alone which will
probably accompany and follow
this war, as the result of global
interminglings Of people from
different climes in the old world
and the new, present chal-
lenge that should enlist the CO.
operative study and action of
every scientific and professional
group In the public health-"
Citing various health menaces
which must be cleaned VI" after
the war. DR.. Bailey said civilians
as we'll as servlcemen would be
subjected TO health hazards from
disease and starvation.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-07-20

In our search for the tallest
man and woman in Detroit, we
got this note from Mrs. l.. X.
Hyde of 44l7 Second:
II am a shorty. only 4 feet
10. but my dad was 6 feet 6,
and a fine looking Irishman."
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-07-20
Detroit Times Rationing Timetable

MIAIt NHETNIt 7 AIo IhfU oIHHVtI
a.. q. ". St-Nalid to July a.
wand July Is "a Aug. 81.
COFFEE
stamp 9 Expires tomorrow
stamp 22-One TO-. July 22-Aug II,
SUGAR
stamp ia--b pounds 20 Aug. Is.
CANNING SUGAR
stamp IS. i6--5 los each % Oct 81
SHOES
stamp ts-One pair 20 Oct 81
La gaceta., 1943-09-20

por ellos: que estiman ell "degau-
llismo" por mantener viva la re-
sistencia, Y que estiman a los dos
generates porque guardian los in
tereses de Francia, pero que ellos
intentan elegir su propia senda Y
sus propios dirigentes. Los jefes
del movimiento subterraneo de
Polonia tuvieron una reunion en-
ell cuarto aniversario de la inva-
sion alemana, y en- ella ~adoptaron
una serie de resoluciones que re-
cuerdan a los aliados que ellos han
continuado luchando cuatro amos
bajo condolences desesperadas Y
que ellos representa- "parte del
gran ejercito de las Naciones u,
midas" tambien los dinamar-
queses han hablado.
Y, aun la voz, largo tempo amor
dazada, de Bulgaria, Hungria, de
los eslovenos Sc ha dejado DIR.
Lo que todos ellos quieren es la
independence. Sc ha anunciado
en- Washington que Sc ha dado a
Russia un puesto en- la Comisi6n
Aliada del Mediterraneo, al pa
recer tornado de nuevo para sa-
tisfacer las quejas de que ell Co
bierno sovietico habia sido exclui-
do de las decisiones anglonortea-
mericanas en- 10 referente a la
Europa Occidental, y al mismo
tempo para asegurarse de que
Russia no tenga que verse sofa en-
la Europa Oriental. Este es un
buen paso para llegar q un acuer-
do general, y en- S sentidO un
freno oportuno contra la politica
La gaceta., 1943-09-20

los traidores... imaldito sea ell CO.
raz6n de todos ellos!... Sc despa-
chan a su gusto.
Aporto datos: en- la boca que a.
bre ell Metro en- Ia Puerta del Sol,
esquina a la Gale de la Montera,
habia reventado una bomba tan
poderosa que, sobre abrir un hue
co enorme, arranc6 los relies de
sus traviesas y los lanz6 al espa-
clio. Tambien fueron bombardea-
das la plaza del Callao, la Gale de
Preciados, la de Carretas, la de
Fuencarral, la de la Luna, la de
Jesus y Maria, la de la Espada,
la de Mendez Alvaro y otras. 81
las nubes derramaban aqua, a
competencia los foragidos del a.
ire chorreaban hero. Las en-
bulancias pasaban cargadas de
cuerpos despedazados. En- las Ca
de SOcorro de los diez distri-
tos, 10 mismo que en- los hospitales
y clinicas de urgencia, los medi-
cos trabajaban sin interruption
desde ell amanecer. Lo mas desola-
dor era q. los heridos los estaban
de tai gravedad que cast todos
fallecian.
DE mis- companeros -agre-
go Benigno-, va han muerto
tres. En- estos momentos, quitan-
do ell oficio de bombero, niguno
mas expuesto que ell de tranviariO.
Porque... iremono!... es 10 que yo
digo: los chOferes, 81 tienen mic
do a pasar por una Gale, Sc van
por otra; Y la genie de a pie hace
10 mismo, o Sc mete en- un cafe,
o en- ell Metro. MOSQUES, no;
p%osotros hemos de in por donde
mandan los rieles.
FL dialogo recayo en- ell tema de
la alimentaci6n que era, despues
de la guerra, ell que mas preocu-
paba. Sc habl6 de "las %colas". Ex-
puestas a la %lluvia, que las calaba
los pies, al frio, al viento y a las
bombas, las mujeres sufrian en-
colas" tanto como los hom-
bres en- los parapetos. Las peores,
por la mucha genie que acudia a
elias, eran las del pescado, las de
la carne Y las del pan. Habia mu-
ier que, para llevar a su hijos me- ]
La gaceta., 1943-09-20

de esferas de Influenza que tan
peligrosa es para una paz durade-
ra como 10 es para ell porvenir de
las pequenas n~aciOnes. Las tres
grandes potencias de occidente
pueden dejar de olvidar que la
fuerza del nacionalismo Sc ha in
tesificado mas bien que disminui-
do con la guerra. Por fuertes que
queden al terminarse la guerra,
nj cada una de por 81 nj en- combi-
naci6n seran 10 bastante fuertes
para hacer la paz sin la coOpera-
ci6n de las pequenas potencias.
Este es ell hecho que salta a nues-
ira vista al entrar en- Europa. va
en- ell primer desembarco vemOs
que 10 que Alemania no pudo ha-
Ger por la fuerza, nunca Sc podra
hacer pequena fuerza.
La gaceta., 1943-09-20
Ell ASEDIO DE MADRID
POr EDUARDO

dio kilo de ~chuletas, pasaba la no
che al raso.
FL senior Teodoro murmur6, fl
los6fico:
IFS la rehostia! 80.
DE csc trabajo -dijo Pildo-
rilla- nos libramos las embaraza-
das.
La noticia %sorprendi6 a Pura.
-iY por que?
No 10 Sc, pero puedes Greer
me: las que tenemos una barriga
no guardamos turno. La genie,
apenas nos We, nos deja pasar.
Rosenda decia verdad. BESIDE q.
la guerra comenz6 los hombres
tributaban a las embarazadas la
devotion religiosa que merecian.
AL pueblo, su fina sensibilidad le
habia ensenado 10 que en- las es-
cules cat6licas nadie lie ensen6:
ell respeto a la Vida.
Juanito Munoz guih6 a su mu-
jer.
-JEh? -. IVA 10 sabes! 49,.
Rabiaba por divulgar ell secretO
de su futura paternidad. Pildori-
LA adivin6 10 que aquel gesto ira
vieso significaba y miro a Purita.
-jPero, va? $50.
La interrogada sonreia.
Me parece que ST -.
-Pues, hija, no te felicito. En-
otra OCCASION bien va; pero, ahora,
con ell invierno que nos aguarda...
Unos golpes dados en- ell tabique
que separaba ell cuarto del senior
Teodoro del suyo la hicieron le-
vantarse.
Vicente llama. lQue huesO
Sc lie habra roto?
Y Sc fue. Reapareci0 EN- segui-
da, diligente, cachigorda, morena
Y velluda.
-Esa mujer -dijo- sc va a
MORN.
-JQue mujer?-interrog6 la
Puri.
Una vieja, huida de Toledo.
LEGO aqui hace una semana, con
su nieto. Sc llama Basilia. La ten
90 lastima, a pesar de ser beata.
En- Toledo trabajaba para un con-
yento. Su trabajo consistia en- ir
por las casas preguntandO a los
La gaceta., 1943-09-20
PLAYAS DE DUN
'HAsTA LAS ROcAS
SCILLA
lie la "a. Pagina)

he la "a. Pagina)
| de C%astrovillari. Este
|cidente aislado; en- ell
los alemanes Sc es-
erando, ha llegado a
30 acuartelar a los
erca de los campa-
auuellOs. Pero la lu-
\ en- Ell sur es mas sig
/ porque los italianos
fuertes y porque Sc
mas dispuestos a COM
los alemanes que con-
Hos.
bnes de Europa comien
or su voz Y a hablar
ia lengua. Debil pero
los ~franceses estan
que Ell p~residente Roo
lido criticado por decir
La gaceta., 1943-09-20
INIT
nigO de las Canas

nigO de las Canas
nta apezarado por esas
lea diez amos mas joYen.
Ia ~oportunidad de 50
felicidad misma. Use
su cabello tendra esa
de juventud. TINTIT
be nitrate de plata Y So
e~cOn0mico. Pidalo a 81
no al telefonO n1mero
Ira pedidos a la agencia /.
! 1920, Tampa, Florida.
La gaceta., 1943-09-20
81, sENoR:

Para pintar mejOr Su casa,
compre Ia pintura B. L. p, ven.
dida exclusivamente pOr KING
GRECO HARDWARE CO..
La gaceta., 1943-09-20

Haga su parte: Compre
BONOS DE GUERRA
The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1939-1949, 1943-12-16
boys and Coach Normile expect
very hard game.
City to Try for
Four-Lane Highway

For the past year rumors OF a
four-lane highway taking up all
the land between the river and
the railroad tracks have been wor-
rying residents of the River Road
area.
The idea is being considered,
but the consequences will not be
as drastic as the rumors indicate.
AS matter Of fact, the highway
could be built on the present high
way rightof way, without taking
additional property from either
side of the road.
At the last meeting of the city
council it was learned that under
certain conditions federal funds
could be secured for that type Of
work in the critical areas. The
council plans to ask the county
to 60 in with them, continuing the
work to the Richland Y, while the
city undertakes to widen the road
to the city limits. If impossible
to pave the road, the grading and
crawling is contemplated.
The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1939-1949, 1943-12-16
Lions Find Richland
Greatly Improved

Friday, Dec. 8, the Kennewick
Lions went to Richland to play a
double header basketball game.
The Lion "B" team defeated the
Richland "B" team 80 to %.
In the "a" game things were
much rougher as Richland spanked
herself to q three-point lead and
then refused to play against the
Lions zone defense and the quar-
ter ended with the score 3 to 0.
After the first quarter, Coach Nor
mile changed the Lions defense
and the Kennewick team proceed
ed to go after the ball which
seemed to upset the highly-im-
proved Richland team. The score
at the half was to 8 in favor OF
the fighting Lions. The final
score was 81 to 81 in favor OF
KenneWiWck.
This weekend Kennewick will
play Grandview. there and the