davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-04-27
Dismer-McGunn PIGEON
PAGES InuuquruI Race

A bird from the loft of Dismer
Bros. & Mccain won the race
from Charlottesville, Va, that
opened the 54th season for the
Washington Racing Pigeon Club.
The winner averaged 1852 yards per
minute.
Other contestants with average
yards per minute were:
Ralph E. Wolff, 1,44s: Capt. volney
Eaton. ,443 Alb. Scheuch. .442; Ralph e,
Roy Mathew, 1,431; T. H Heine, .4o6:
Walter O.. Norwood, .422; Capt. D. c.
Worch. 1896; Riley A. HUNT, i, 500; O.
A. Salmons, 1.327; William Tamaro, ,3OI :
J; NJ. Heinninc: 1924: B. F. Miller, 1850;
WOLF Bros, 1858; H. E. De Alley, l.257:
W. j. Fierstein, 1921; Frank Urana
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-04-27
Myer Scored, Hal Floored

Myer Scored, Hal Floored
It all started innocently enough
in a close game with the Athletics.
Catching for the AS was Hal Wag-
ner. then a rookie, and when Myer
headed for the plate en- route to
scoring he discovered young Mr..
Wagner blocking his path. Buddy
proceeded to teach Wagner better
manners.
He spread Wagner over generous
portion of Griffith Stadium with his
spikes, which slammed into Halls
chest protector and bent him back
ward so vigorously that the catch
er's head was cut from collision
with his discarded mask. The
Athletics snorted bit but no fists
were thrown.
Kindling was heaped on the blaze.
though, on Myers next trip to the
plate. Pitcher Bud Thomas tossed
at Buddy's head and was so accur-
ate about. it that he f1icked of
Myers cap without harming him.
Buddy trotted down to first base
shouting at Thomas. You had or
ders to do that, you flour words
censored). You wouldn't have the
CUTS to think of it yourself"
BY that time Mr.. Myer wasn't
popular with the Athletics and the
script couldn't have been written
with more Imagination. What should
develop but close play at third
base, where the fiery tempered Will
liam Werber was stationed for the
AS.
Myer came in high on Werber,
slicing his arm in several spots, so
Werber Immediately whammed the
ball into Buddy's tummy and the
scrap was on. Myer, still on the
ground, reared back on his should
ers and kicked away with his spikes,
which served the purpose of creating
standing room. From both benches
players swarmed to the center OF
confusion.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-04-27
Minor Leagues

BY the Associated Press.
International League.
Jersey City, 10: Rochester. 8.
Montreal, 2: Baltimore, 2.
Toronto, 3; Syracuse. O.
Only games scheduled.
Southern Association.
Atlanta, s: Nashville, 6.
Only game scheduled.
Pacific Coast League.
Open date.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-04-27
Young Nehf FeNs 3 Jap Planes
To Prove E we Injury Is Healed

1.-THE following story, 1Uritten
BY Sergt. Jack Walsh, 1894 King
SESSION Avenue, Philadelphia, Ma
rine Corps combat correspondent,
1UdS distributed BY the Associated
Press
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-04-27
Pimlico Results

tTrack Fast1
FIRST RACE-Purse, 81 900: claiming
stes,splechase; 4-year-olds and upward; 2
s'5sHs RF0es Meoovern 14so 5cc ss sS
Marine Time, ' a!54sn: $50
Emma's Pet Aleadale, BaEpipe Speed
Demon st. Patricks Day, Lone Gallant.
SECOND RACE-Purse, 81. 900: claim
Milk Chocolate RenickJ $40 4u5Et 0 10
Great Step !Kirk 0' iS 1910
III Also ran-Teco Tack. aLittle Suzanne
stroke scP Paus Hee S Mfon Roo Gallant
DAILY Double paid S42)
THIRD RAcE-Purse, 81 900; claiming.
3oyear-olds and upward; i mile and i "a
Gsiedtt " ,K lssoeso 7eo 40 $50
Tar Miss Wielander) 40 90
Also ran8stsreamer Phillips Pete LADY,
Jana Dplie: Stormy Night, Found Out, I Miss
FIX It, Decisive Scarcanter.
FOURTH RAcE-purse. 81 400. claim
ing; 3.year-olds: 8 furlongs.
E Eellie Mo oSIe tsisto> 3l,s0 $50 400
Hadawin tBalzarettD a'a3n
Also ran-collect Call, War Commander
and Overlin.
aores Ha 5year-0lSS aad up furlonss
x xEsaIsIs, s saSs ,sStsvsnsonj 400 ="
9, Also is, :, ran-Blcky BOY, psrtido Lesation,
RoseSg csTr. spTsse Soldier IL emit
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-04-27

The outstanding character in the
big rumpus was little Clyde Milan,
the Mats ancient third base coach.
Mr.. Milan started swinging in the
third base box and when he had
finished his failing he was beyond
second base and headed for right
field. En- route he had socked more
Mats than AS, but the spirit was
there.
Sturdy Joe Krakauskas, Washing
ton pitcher, was as wild with his
fists as he was with his fast ball.
He succeeded in caressing several
jaws, though. until Bob Johnson,
then the AS left fielder, cranked up
his right arm and teed off on
Krakky's unprotected chin for the
best blow of the brawl.
That was the most memorable
Griffith Stadium scuffle in recent
seasons, but there was another sew
eral years ago that involved the st.
Louis Browns Oral Hildebrand and
Bill Knickerbocker and the Mats
AL Simmons and Manager Bucky
Harris. That, too, was beaut.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-04-27
Major Statistics

TUESDAY, APRIL r., 1913,
AMERICAN.
Results Yesterday.
No games scheduled.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-04-27
NATIONAL.
Results Yesterday.
No games scheduled
Standing NJ Cluhs
Games Today.

Games Today. Games Tomorrow.
Chicago at st. L. CHICAGO Mt st 7,
Cine. at Pittsburgh Cine Al Pittsb,irrh
BOSTON at n. Y; Boston at N. Y
BROOKLYN at Phtla; Brooklyn &C Phila
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-04-27

nth Stadium in 1888 when hi
touched of one of the most charm
ing noggin- brawls OF re-
cent wears.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-04-27
BY the Associated Press.

FOURTH RACE-Purse. $1,000 claim
ins: allowances: 2-year-old maidens; Az
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-04-27

1 RACE-rurse, $1,000; claiming:
Ids and upward; | !. miles.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-04-27

Mrs. v. Leonard entry.
Apprentice allowance claimed
Fast
Henderson daily dispatch. (Henderson, N.C.) 1914-1995, 1943-09-24
Nazis Still
Withdrawing
On Corsica

Allied Headquarters in North Al
RIGA. Sept. 2l-(Ap)-Thc Germans
are continuing their northward WIN
drawal on Corsica. French com
muniou, said today. Allied forces
have occupied 3:;:;:ac:0 and Porto
Vccchio. while Allied planes inter
copied German attempts u; an aerial
evacuation.
Bas,:a. on the northern tip "t the
ll2-milc-long island. has been rem
dcred almost useless TO the enemy
through continued air raids. th@
French high command said. Several
ammunition dumps and nu".crous
tanks on a quayside awaiting en-
barka,ion were destroyed
The occupied towns of Bonifacio
and Porto Vccchio are at tho SOUTH
err c~d Of tho Napoleonic isle.
French air force units arc partici-
patinG in The operations
Meanwhile. Gen. Charles Do
Gaullc. co-prcsidcnt Of the French
Committee of Nationa! Liberation.
hailed liberation Of Corsica as
France contribution to the United
Nations effort in zone war .or one
victory"
Henderson daily dispatch. (Henderson, N.C.) 1914-1995, 1943-09-24
Sc Millions In
Liquor Profit
In This State
Daily DiSDarch Bureau,
In the Sir Walter HoteI.

faIclGh. Sept. 2i.-RcCciDtS by the
State and p ABC counties from
profits of liquor selling amounted 10
nearly SIN million dollars Tor the fiS-
cal year ending last June 30, accord
ing to report of the State Abe board.
The federal government got almost
as much.
Total sales for The year amounted
to S22.29T .52i.25. which was more
than nine million above the previous
year. The state got s l-2 DCI cent
sales tax. amounting to Sl.1l8.674.gl.
After this tax was deducted and all
operating expenses paid, including
liberal allowance for law enforce
mCnt. the counties and MUNICIPALITIES
sharing in profits were recipients OF
81, l43. 593l6.
Less liquor was sold during the
year than for the preceding twelve
months. but the increased price due
largely To boost of $500 Il gallon III
federal excise tax ON alcohol.
brought the total cash receipts FAR
above l94l-i2.
Whatever opinion may DC held as
To the vice or virtue of the Abe SvS-
TEN, it is noteworthy that the four
million dollars received by the Coun-
ties and cities where ABC liquor WAS
sold brought about just that much
tax reduction. whereas the half mil
lion profit alleged To have been
made by one bOotlcggCr in Wilkes
county served no public good.
Henderson daily dispatch. (Henderson, N.C.) 1914-1995, 1943-09-24
Italian Royalty
Reported as Safe
From Nazi Enemy

Bern. Switzerland. Sept. 81.
- Gap The Swiss telegraph
agency reported today that Queen
Elena Of Italy and Crown Prince
CmbcrtO have arrived at Geneva.
They were reported to have
Travelled through France TO reach
Switzerland.
(The exact whereabouts of
King NittOriO Emanuelc has not
been announced, hut Prime Mi
mister Churchill told Commons
this week that the king and his
government ARE now established
behind our advancing lines. The
Newspaper of LuganO said Paicr-
mo. Sicily. IL The provisional
seat Of the king ana the govern
mcnt.
(Thc Berlin radio said ycStcr-
Jay the AXIS had rejected Sug-
gcstiOns that UmbcrtO become
king after the abdicati0n'' Of
NittOrio Emanuelc.)
Henderson daily dispatch. (Henderson, N.C.) 1914-1995, 1943-09-24
To
Ballot
Service Men

Washington. Sept. 2i.-(AP)---
Preliminary steps To enable several
million members of the armed SCry-
ices To cast absentee ballots in the
l9iI State primaries and the prcSl.
Dental election were taken in Con-
Sr"SS today.
Chairman Green d.. r. ~ an
nOunccd he had asked Secretary OF
War StimSOn and Navy Secretary
Knox to give the Senate Elections
Committee their views on Il pending
plan to permit overseas service mon
and women to use simplificd V
mail ballot.
As soon as StimSon's and KnoX's
statements are received, Green said
he would open hearings on the pro-
posal, which he sponsored with Sen
ator Lucas 3D., ILL.,.
Chairman Worlcy d., TcXD. OF
the House Committee on Elections,
also announced plans 10 open hear
ings on similar legislation well il
advance of the first primaries mex,
March.
Henderson daily dispatch. (Henderson, N.C.) 1914-1995, 1943-09-24
Broughton
Prospect On
FDR Ticket
Governor Seriously
Considered for Post
Of Vice Presidency
In the Sir Walter Hotel.
Daily Dispatch Bureau,
Nv g,ISN NUSRgT

Raleigh, Sept. 2I-A story cmanut-
ing from Washington about the pro-
liability of Governor j. Melville
Broughton of NGrth Carolina being
real contender for the vice prcsi-
Dental nomination next wear indi-
Gates the movement has gone further
than some OF the governors home
State friends had thought.
In TACT, ii has gone further than
even the Washington story indicat-
ed, because some very important
people have become greatly inter-
eStcd. the whole thing started at
Baltimore last january when the Tar
Heel governor literally stole the
show at the council of State Cover
nOrS with d speech on states rights
and states responsibility. Broughton
made novel approach to the sub
ject. Usually the idea OF states rights
was emphasized without any men
ton of responsibility. Reaction to
that speech led To- invitations TO
speak at other places throughout the
United StaleS. Many of these invita-
tons the governor has had to ut-
cline, but he has been to the front in
publicity about other governors con-
fercnccs i'll Tallahassee, Atlanta, CO.
lumbuS and Denver.
just last week al Denver he made
national headlines and even was
given cartoon treatment in one or
two syndicated drawings with his
wisccrack about this country win
ming the war whether the next presi-
dent was Democrat, Il Republican
Or Mr.. Willkic. Valuable as this
sort of publicity might prove later
on, it is of little consequence so far
as influence upon the party leaders
who really select the nominees. Gov
ernor BrOughtOn has not been ignoi
ed by this inner circle of king-mak-
erS. To the contrary, he has been
under very close scrutiny by them
for some months. Part of the time ne
knew he was taking IAN cXamina-
tion;" most of the time he didn't
know how closely he was being
watched.
1t is an open secret that a recent
invitation To address Il group of
powerful New EnglandcrS did not
come to North Carolina governor,
but to prospective candidate for
Continued on Page Three)
Henderson daily dispatch. (Henderson, N.C.) 1914-1995, 1943-09-24
Yugoslavs
Fight Naziis
In Trieste
Fiume Is Threatened
Also in North Italy;
Patriots Aid Allies

London. Sept. "a - (AP) -
Strong Yugoslav guerilla forces
were reported fighting German
troops today in the streets OF
Trieste and threatening Fiume
in an apparently coordlnated
drive against the two Italian
ports at the northern end of the
Adriaitc.
The action WAS part Ui a series
of new flarcups by partisan armies
against Nazi occupying forces al
scattered points along some 400
miles of the eastern Adriatlc shore.
all conccivably inaugWatcd with
Allied approval.
YugOslav forces here said
SlOvcnc irrcgulars struck some
p miles into Italy from the
YugOSlavian border and pcnc-
tratcd Trieste. with oppressed
inhabitants of that former Ital-
ian naval base joining their
ranks to attack the NaZi garri-
son.
lntSc same lbiCeS ltIl'! ltu bNIiIi
SlOvcnc formations had occupied
Idria. Italian mountain town four
miles cast of the YugoSlav border
and % miles northeast of Trieste.
while farther 10 the east in north
western Yugo>lavia heavy fighting
was said 10 be in progress along
a 5O-miic front between Bistrica and
Ljubljana.
The British BroadcaSting Corpo
ration. quoting broadcast by tho
AIgiCrS radio. said that Fiumc was
being Shcllcd by partisan artillcry
set up in SuSak. mile and Il hall
away across the frontier.
The partisans reported engaged
around Trieste and Fiumc apparent
~ were operating under command
of the Montcncgrin guerilla chief
tain Josip BroZ. Familiarity known
as Tito" but the forces of General
Draia Mihailovic were said To bC
fighting further south IN the interior
News of the fighting recalled re-
cent Cairo dispatches indicating tina
Allied senior officer had gone e
Yugoslavia 10 attempt to coordinate
the activities of "Tito' and Mihail
ovic with Allied strategic plans.
Henderson daily dispatch. (Henderson, N.C.) 1914-1995, 1943-09-24
Foes OF Father Draft Go
After Federal Workers
Some Congressman Say
Thousands of These
Should Be Taken First

Washington, Sept. 24-(AP)-
Abandoning the fight TO outlaw
the father draft, Il congressional
bloc sought 10 cushion the i'm
pact on the nations homes to-
day by driving into uniform
what one legislator called "a lost
army" cf thousands of govern
ment workers.
Chairman May d., Ky.) Of the
House Military Affairs Committee,
said it would be futile to press for
legislation to prohibit the drafting Of
prc-Pcarl Harbor fathers. lie an
nounccd also that his committee
would ask Major General Lewis E.
Hershey 10 explain next week why
an estimated 100000 draft age. non
fathers IN the Federal employ have
not been inductcd, although no Off
cial request was made for their de-
fcrment.
Ono of Mays subcommittee,
headed by Representative Costello
3D., CaliiD, said its investigation ol
government dcfcrmcnt policy indI-
Gated that approximately 100000 Fed
eral workers apparently eligible for
the draft have not been called for
induction.
Il do not claim that all of these
men should be in the armed scrv-
ices" Costello told reporters, but
certainly lot of them should be-"
Henderson daily dispatch. (Henderson, N.C.) 1914-1995, 1943-09-24
CONFEDERATE HOME
DIRECTORS PICKED

Raleigh. Sept. 2i.-(AP)-Charles
G. Rose of Fayetteville. was reap
pointed today chairman of the board
of directors OF the Confederate Wo-
mems Home al Fayetteville.
Governor BrOughton also named
as directors for terms expiring May
Q. 81 ): +. r. Thurnc. of Rocky
Mount: Mrs. +. Il. McKeichan. OF
Fayetteville: Mrs. J. s. Rowe. of Hic-
kory: Mrs. Quentin Gregory. OF Hall
fax: Mrs. John II. Anderson. of Ra-
leigh. and Mrs. Walter Woodland, of
Wilson.
Henderson daily dispatch. (Henderson, N.C.) 1914-1995, 1943-09-24
Soviet Army
In 9 Miles
Of Smolensk
Germans Evacuating
All installations
In Frantic Retreat

Moscow, Sept. 24-(AP)-
The Red army has reached the
Dniepcr in force, and other So
Wet units northwest Of Smo-
lensk have reached the village
of Tarasenki, only three miles
from the border of White Rus
STA, Soviet dispatches said to-
day.
(Thc German high command said
the Russians already were making
heavy thustS in efforts To cross the
Dniepcr, but declared they were
Although the German high
command failed 10 bear out the
report. the Berlin radio said the
Germans also were systematic
ally cvacuating heavy equip
mcnt. and civilians from their
bridgehcad across the Kcrch
strait in the Caucasus.
With the Red Army only nine
miles from SmolcnSk. after captur-
ing Luzanovo. the Germans wcrc in
immediate danger of losing their
central front citadel, which they
nave held since the early days of
their smash toward Moscow.
A dispatch TO the army news
paper Red Star said Russian
troops first reached this big
objective through NovOmoskovsk
IN tire lower Ukraine OH the
upper elbow of the river i'm 4
drive from POltava. The car, -
turc of Novomoskovsk was an
nounccd yesterday.
Strong forces of Soviet troons
have arrived on the banks of tho
Dnlepcr at other points. Red Star
said. ''"'
AS the Russians reached the
Dnleper from NovOmoskovsk. tha
Germans threw in everything they
mad IN an attempt TO halt the Rcd
army drive west of Poltava. can
turc of which was the high spot of
yesterdays Russian forward surge.
Henderson daily dispatch. (Henderson, N.C.) 1914-1995, 1943-09-24
Fifth Army Strikes
At Naples Highway
German Positions in
Corsica Are Almost
Wiped Out by Allies

Allied Headquarters in North
Africa. Sept. 24-(AP)-The
Fifth Army has launched a full
scale offensive against German
mountain positions guarding
the route to Naples, it was an
nounced today. while Allied mo-
tor torpedo boats Stormed into
Nalona harbOr on the coast of
Albania and sank two enemy
vessels.
The onslaught by Lt.-Gen.
Mark W. Clark's American and
British soldiers from their
hard won Salcrno positions was
accompanied by an intensified
ton OF the blockade of the wan-
ing German positions on the is
land of Corsica.
Three Beauiightcr> sliced into
German air transport formations en-
gagged in cvaCuatimg the enemy
forces and shot down seven of the
planes.
The communquc from General
Dwight ID. EiScnh"w2rS nea1uuar-
tiers said the Fifth Army had cap
turcd Olivcto-Cit:a. n miles cast
OF Salcrno. while Matcra. SO miles
northwest of laramie. had been CAD
turcd on the British front.
An official announcement said
Altamura. ~ miles northwest of
laramie and ten miles north of Ma
terra. also had been captured.
The drive against Naples,
ItalN'S second greatest port, was
launched after 4 period of con-
SolidatiOn of the Allied spring.
board and while the Germans
were reported engaged in large
Scale dcmOlitiOnS, apparently
with the idea of making the
harbOr Installations useless
when the Allies occupy the city.
CThe Allied controlled Sllerno
radio. in Il broadcast reported to-
day To the Office OF War Informa-
ton. said Italians escaping from Ma
pies reported residents of the CITY
were battling Germans in the streets.
firing nj the enemy from the win
doWS of their homes or using stones
II without ere arms.
(CItizcnS who rebel are shot
without inquiry by the German
officials. the broadcast said. MI
merouS Italian officers and SOL
dicrS have also been shot on
grounds of MONGOLIA bOraiinn.")
While Clark threw nearly his ~;
weight into Inc fcrncious attacks. the
Germans We're forced 10 concentrate
almost entirely in that area and the
British Eighth Army in tho south
was able 10 advance swiftly and
almost al Will:
The daring mOtOrbOat foray TO
the Albanian shore marked I'D
an Allied move in a new direc-
ton against the German forces
in southeastern and southern
Europe.
a naval announcement said the
largest of the two vessels sunk was
laden with ammunition. Shore bat
tericS opened fire on the torpedo
boats during their retirement. caus-
ing damage To one vessel. but all
returned 10 their base without cas-
ualt!cS, the announcement said.
Henderson daily dispatch. (Henderson, N.C.) 1914-1995, 1943-09-24

cd more than 1900 men.
Today Macarthur permitted re-
lease Of the first deals OF the am
phibious operation against Fl: Scha-
ven. only 10 ovcrwatcr miles south
west of New Britain. a key position
OF the japanese.
Australians bcgaH landing on a
beach six miles north of F.nSchaicn
at dawn Wednesday. six days after
the fail of Lac and ten days after
tho capture of Salamaua.
American warships bombardcd
enemy positions beyond the beach
head. Bombcrs dropped II tons Of
explosives on FinSchhaicn. Attack
planes fired 10000 rounds OF am
munition. am
Henderson daily dispatch. (Henderson, N.C.) 1914-1995, 1943-09-24

Eighty five miles northwest. the
japanese air units at Cape Glouces-
,cr. New Britain. were prevented
from interfering. For four hours
there. big American bombcrs blasted
with 20 tons of bombs and attack
planes poured out $4,000 rounds of
bullets.
While Australian soldiers and Amc-
rican paratrOopcrs hunted down 900
japanese who fled into the jungles
above captured Lac. headquarters
reported today preliminary count
of more than $500 enemy soldiers
slain since july in the Lac-Sala-
maua sector. Six thousand more we're
estimated previously 70 have been
killed there before july /.
Henderson daily dispatch. (Henderson, N.C.) 1914-1995, 1943-09-24
Germans Declare
2lNavy, Merchant
Convoy Ships Sunk

London. Sept. 2i.-(hP)-Thc
Berlin radio reported today that
German submarines had made
surprise attack on heavily
escorted Allied convoy cnrOute tn
America, sinking IL dcstrOyers
and nine merchant ships tOtaling
46,500 tons.
The German broadcast, which
was recorded by The Associated
Press, was uncOnfirmcd by any
Allied source, but IT recalled
Prime Minister Churchill's state
ment i'm the House of Commons
Tuesday that an Allied convoy
was at the moment under attack.
Henderson daily dispatch. (Henderson, N.C.) 1914-1995, 1943-09-24
KILLED ON
TRAINING FLIGHT

Shaw Field. S. C.,Scpt. 24.-(AP)
The Shaw Field Public Relations
Office said today that Aviation Cadet
jerome Leonard Goldman, of NeN
York City. was killed instantly at
1917 p. m. yesterday when his train
ing plane crashed two and onc-half
miles west OF Kinston. ". c. Goldman
was on Il routine training flight.
The Public Relations Office said Il
competent board of officers had been
named 10 investigate the crash.
Henderson daily dispatch. (Henderson, N.C.) 1914-1995, 1943-09-24
WEATHER

FOR NORTH CAROLINA
Not quite so warm this after
noon. Slightly cooler tonight
and Saturday forenoon.
Henderson daily dispatch. (Henderson, N.C.) 1914-1995, 1943-09-24
Jap Air Base Near Capture

Allied Headquarters in the
Southwest Pacific. Sept. III
(AP) Australian artillery
pounded the Japanese today in
the New Guinea coastal base of
Finschhafcn. arching shells over
front line patrols which have
beaten down rapidly fading enc
my resistance 10 reach tho edge
Of an airficld two miles north of
an airficld two miles north of
their objective.
General Douglas Macarthur TIM
confronted the Japanese with n
loss of their air has
since Sept. IL in a jungle secto
where the enemy already has expend