davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1943-12-10
Constantine Br01Vn

1t is possible that the Allied campaign
In Italy and the guerrillas who are
attempting to disrupt the Germans hold
on Yugoslavia may have compelled the
Berlin high command to withdraw some
OF its forces from Bulgaria. No definite
Information on this score Is available,
however.
The British have the 9th and 10th
Armies In the Middle East. Their quality
Is not so good as might be expected, but
IN the past few months much has been
done to improve their equipment and
nghting potential. There are also some
10000 Poles in Palestine who are good
nghting material but it is possible that
political considerations will prevent the
Allies from using them in the Balkans.
Some military observers maintain that
even II the Nazis Jump the gun in the
Balkans and reach the Dardanelles
before the Allies, 1t will be to our advan-
tase In the long run. The Germans will
be committed to large-scale operations
throughout the Balkans and will not
have as large forces available to meet
the Anglo-American invasion OF West.
ern Europe. They will be spread thin.
The Germans must maintain at least
Is divisions in Italy; they are faced
with another major Russian offensive
as soon as weather conditions permit
large-scale use Of the numerically su-
perior Soviet aviation; they know that
. formidable American-British Army
will attempt to break through their for
tilted area in the west-and also will have
TO send S1zable army to Turkey
The Germans Balkan force which
heretofore has been protective and a
police force will become combat force.
This will further drain whatever re-
serves the Reich still possesses.
Evening star., 1943-12-10
Rail Puy Vote

With only five dissenting votes,
the Senate has recorded its ap-
proval of greater wage increases for
the incorporating railroad workers
than had been granted by the sta
bilization director. This, in effect,
is vote of mo confidence" in Judge
Vinson and his stablization pro-
gram.
The Senate's decision was not a
close one, eighty-three Senators vot-
ing for the increases proposed in
the Truman resolution. The size Of
this vote, coupled with the fact that
every administration Senator de-
serted the administration, is i'm
pressive. In the circumstances, it
is difficult to see how Judge Vinson
can continue to function effectively
as director OF economic stabiliza-
ton, or how the stabilization pro-
gram can be effectuated under any
ones direction.
1t is not easy to set out the issues
involved in this controversy. The
dispute dealt essentially with the
method of distributing the pay in
creases, there being little difference
in the total amounts Of money in
volved. The rail workers want a
straight eight-cent-an-hour raise,
and this is approved by the Truman
Committee. 1t has also been urged
by the President. Judge Vinson, sup
ported by Mr.. Byrnes, the director
Of war mobilization, wanted to pay
the increases under sliding scale
arrangement which would give more
to lower paid workers and less to
those In the upper brackets. All
In all, so far as the direct infla-
tionary effect is concerned, it. is diffi-
cult to see much difference between
the two. Furthermore, when their
war earnings are compared with
some other groups, the railroad
workers have suffered. On the other
hand, they have Jared better than
millions Of other Americans.
Thus, the really important issue
was whether Congress would over
ride the stabilization director and
enact special wage legislation In
behalf Of one group. This is what
the Senate has done, and in all
probability the House will concur.
II the President approves, the pres
ent anti-inflation line will have been
irrevocably preached. Every organ
lied group able to show that some
other group has obtained greater
wage benefits will demand more
and get it.
Evening star., 1943-12-10

The Berlin propaganda services are
endeavoring to take lightly the posi-
bility that Turkey will enter the war
on the side Of the United Nations. It
is believed that in order to avoid fur
ther deterioration in the morale OF Ger
many's satellites. Herr Goebbels' propa-
ganda is minimizing the possibility that
the Nazis soon will have to add an
other enemy to their already imposing
list of foes.
X
But the German general staff is be-
lieved to be preparing for any con-
tingency. Military observers in Wash
ington are convinced that as soon As
these preparations are completed and
Turkey makes the first step toward
becoming a co-belligerent the Nazis
will try to get to Istanbul and obtain
control of the Dardanelles before the
Allies are in position to check their
movements
Evening star., 1943-12-10

Turkeys manpower potential is salts
factory. But she lacks factories and
must rely much more than Russia on
lease-lend equipment. The number Of
the Turkish striking divisions could be
doubled II the Turks had suflcient war
material. Supplies cannot reach them
through the Dardanelles 10 long as the
Germans control the Aegean.
War material Is available through the
ports of Syria and Palestine in limited
quantities only since there is but one
single track railway from Aleppo into
Turkey. Larger quantities can be de-
livered through the Persian Gulf. The
railroads from Bagdad to Leninakan,
In Georgia, thence to the main military
centers in Turkey could transport more
equipment for the. Turkish armies than
the line from Syria.
Turkeys military power could be bol-
stored in q number of months But be-
cause Of these conditions it is believed
that the Germans will not waste much
time and, even II they have to pay 4
heavy price, will ruish an important
force to occupy Istanbul and the
Dardanelles.
Previous reports indicated that the
Nazi-Bulgarian forces in Eastern Bull
garia were sufficiently large to crash
through the thin Notifications protect
ing Istanbul This line probably has
been strengthened in the past few
months by reinforcements.
1t is equally certain that the forces
defending the Dardanelles have been
increased. But II the Germans and the
Bulgarians have the same number Of
divisions which In the past have been
reported along the border-some 300, 900
men-the chances of the Turks holding
their territory in Europe are slim.
Evening star., 1943-12-10
Worth Investigating

A fortnight ago Republican Sena-
tor Hugh Butler of Nebraska, re-
porting on his personal tour of Gen.
trail and South America, char
acterized the good neighbor" policy
as a venture compounded of boon
doggling," sentimental dreams"
and the wasteful expenditure of
some six billion dollars. In many
respects, his criticism was ill-timed
oversimplifled and intemperate in
tone, but there is reason to believe
that he put his finger on certain
basic conditions suggesting that our
operations south of the Rio Grande
have not been quite so sound as
represented.
New evidence to this effect can
be found in a report just made by
a subcommittee Of the House Mill
tary Affairs Committee after a
three-week inspection tour of our
Central and South American bases.
Headed by Representative Merritt
OF New York, this travelling sub
committee was made up of three
Democrats and two Republicans, so
that its flndings-presented without
the dissent of any member-have
the virtue and weight of being those
OF more than one man and of being
bipartisan. Moreover, unlike Sena-
tor Buffers charges. they are ex-
pressed in moderate language and
do not make the mistake of indict-
Ing whole international arrange
ment merely because certain phases
OF it appear to have been ineptly
handled.
Nevertheless, although it declares
that the good neighbor" policy has
been mutually advantageous to us
and to the countries south of us,
the Merritt committees report sup
ports Senator Buffers at least to
the extent of indicating a disturb
ing lack of efficiency and not a
little waste in the way the policy
has been implemented. 1t asserts,
for example, that there is a great
need for coordination OF effort
and singleness Of purpose" and it
charges that "bungling tactics by
amateur goodwill emissaries who
bid against each other have created
confusion and injured American
standing" In nearly every coun-
try, it says, representatives of our
Federal agencies appear to get
under each others feet In the
scramble to advance their respective
interests"
When Senator Butler let loose
with his sweeping criticisms, there
Evening star., 1943-12-10

gether. The first OF these states that
the three military staf1s have agreed
on the scope and timing OF operations
in the east, west and south . which
guarantees victory" Thus the plan has
been made for ending the war. The
other paragraph threatens that mo
power on earth can prevent our de-
stroying the German armies by land :.
sea :. and their war plants from the
air." If these two statements were put
together, the second would be logical
consequence of the first and merely In
dicate our exclusive intention to destroy
Germany.
But oddly enough they are not put
together The unequivocal threat. over
reaching even the statement on Japan,
does not follow the first military para
graph but concludes the intervening
two paragraphs about the peace.
y +
II the outcome of an epochal confer
ence such as this Is expressed in eight
short paragraphs, one may be certain
that every word was carefully weighed,
and the juxtaposition Of every, para
Evening star., 1943-12-10

offensive would be Cd the direction
Vtebsk-Dvinsk, threatening to cut of
the whole northern sector Of the Ger
man line; CD frontal attack on the
twin fortresses of Lake linen, Novgorod
and Staraya Russa, bringing pressure
on the center Of the northern line and
preventing a shift of German local re-
serves toward Vitebsk.
If these two operations, or operations
Of roughly similar nature, were to take
place, we should probably see German
retirement in the north to as great
depth as we have already seen in the
south.
But 1t seems likely to be pivotal
retirement. swinging back the left flank
along the Baltic coast, but holding on to
the hinge, Vitebsk, with determination.
The strong German defense of this
point, and of Orsha and Mogilev along
the rail line to the south, indicates that
the Germans are not thinking Of pull
ing back this part of their line toward
the Polish frontier as yet.
Their left flank may, however, 70
back as far as the Gulf of Riga. If this
were to happen, an immense amount
Of territory would be given up, but the
length of German lines Of communica-
ton would be very greatly shortened,
and their front would be shortened
somewhat also. Remember that war
consists of three kinds of effort: pro-
duction, transportation and combat. The
Germans cannot reduce their produce
ton. 1t is being reduced for them too
much already (from their point Of view
by our air attacks; they cannot reduce
their combat forces, which they would
indeed like to increase; they must,
therefore, reduce their expenditure Of
material and particularly Of manpower
on transportation. This Is why they
are compelled to give up their distant
Evening star., 1943-12-10

SCCliCi AASdppCdl
All of this makes its present prospects
the more striking. For there is hardly
a politician or political observer to be
found anywhere who does not agree that
whether Mr.. Roosevelt runs for q
fourth term or not, the Republicans are
certain to control the next House Of
representatives, may gain a majority
Of what has been regarded as an i'm
pregnably Democratic Senate and have
better than an even chance of electing
their Presidential candidate In brief,
the country seems fully set for a COM
plete change. 1t, of course. is possible
that Mr.. Roosevelt may be able to stem
the tide-or even turn it-and there are
some who believe he will. On the other
hand, there is certainly just as good
chance that it will gain in strength.
More people believe that than the other.
In consequence. the feeling that, after
Evening star., 1943-12-10
Mr.. Grafton's Opinions
Provoke Admirer of Mr.. Kent,

TO the Editor of The Star:
I agree so per cent with Vnginian,
whose letter was published in The Star,
November %.
At least one Of your columnists ought
to be barred from The Star. But his
name is not Frank Kent, who, in my
estimation, ranks with Gould Lincoln,
David Lawrence and Mark Sullivan, all
of whom I consider outstanding in
ability.
admire Frank Kent very much for
his fearlessness, and thought the COL
umn that Virginian objected to was
especially good For Supreme Court
judges, I much prefer McReynolds,
Butler and Van Devanter to Douglas,
Frankfurter and Murphy.
The columnist who, in my opinion,
should be dropped is Samuel Grafton.
He always would rather be right" but
almost never is.
NEW YORKER.
Evening star., 1943-12-10

were equally sweeping denials from
Vice President Wallace and others
directly concerned. But the failure
so far to refute the charges in detail
has left the matter so unsettled that
serious doubts about certain aspects
of the good neighbor" policy will
trouble the American people until
there is a complete airing Of the
subject.
Evening star., 1943-12-10

trace OF Qe1eatlSm
within the Repub-
lican party. For
more than 10 years,
until very recently,
the r e pu b ! / C ans
have been a licked
party. D e f e a t in
three succe essi v e
presidential cleo
tions by the same
man thoroughly dis
couraged its leaders
and reduced it to a
state of such COM
plete impotence that
there was som e
question of whether
Evening star., 1943-12-10
rends in the Pacific

IN tne racine suggests a general
survey Of this vast conflict waged
throughout the mightiest of oceans.
Such survey should begin by COM
pairing the present with the past
and then 90 on to plot future prob
abilities In the light of long-term
trends.
The contrast between the con-
temporary Pacific scene and that of
two years ago is assuredly hearten-
ing. On December 9, 1941, the ter
rible consequences of Pearl Harbor
had been clearly foreshadowed.
With our battle fleet badly crippled,
the exultant japanese were already
making furious air attacks on the
Philippines and Britain's outposts
in the Far East. This bald defiance
OF the western powers showed that
Japan was resolved to master both
Eastern Asia and the Western
Pacific. And, in the black months
that followed, the war lords of Toxic
very nearly succeeded Their VOL
canic eruption was stayed by the
narrowest of margins in a series of
epic contests waged by American
and Australian arms against heavy
odds from the Aleutians to New
Guinea.
Today, the reverse is true. The
japanese flood of conquest has long
since passed its crest. The tide has
turned, and everywhere in the
Pacific the strategic offensive is
ours. The Aleutians are back in
our hands and are potential threat
to Japan's northern approaches. In
mid-Paciflc our high seas fleet faces
the japanese high command with
the dilemma of risking its vital sea
power or seeing its defensive island
screen progressively torn to shreds
by series of "triphibious" opera
tions akin to that which recently
stormed the Gilbert group in record
time. In the Southwest Pacific
elaborate operations in New Guinea
and the Solomons are closing in on
the main Japanese base at Rabaul
and are fast rendering 1t untenable.
Compelled to mount heavy guard
against Russia in Manchuria, still
begged down in China. and con-
fronted with Mountbatten's threat
from India. Japan cannot concen-
trate in the Pacific the requisite por-
ton of a striking power which is
overextended and has been already
whitfield down toward the danger
point in certain categories, notably
shipping, light naval craft and air
strength. The ratio Of Japan's mill
tary might to that of her foes in
exorably declines.
Nevertheless, these basic trends
do not spell the speedy collapse of
Japan's mushroom empire. Allied
victories, notable though they have
been, were at first defensive actions
and even now threaten only the
outWorks Of Japan's vast defense sys-
tenn. Furthermore, japanese morale
seems almost unshakable. Their
troops fight with incredible fanati-
cism, and Premier Curtin OF Aus
tralia reflects the general opinion Of
Allied military and naval experts
when he said recently that Japan
is ready to sacrifice five million men
in war which the japanese people
are schooled to believe may last a
hundred years. There is no short
cut to Toxic. The way thither is
long and bloody. 1t will tax Allied
effort and determination to the full.
Evening star., 1943-12-10

The results of the
conference ale en-
bodied In eight short
ara & r a hs. of
which two, the be-
ginning and the
end, are formalities.
The intervening six
are the important
ones.
There Is a curious
organization of these
paragraphs. Two of
them deal exclu-
sively with military
matters and SEEM
ipo1v he1opp to-
Evening star., 1943-12-10

propaganda, the Al
lied high command
Is watching the sit
uation closely with
a view to learning
what lies behind the
reports.
Bulgaria has be-
come a "secret zone
and information on
German and Bull
garian st en- g t h
which once flowed SO
freely to Allied head
quarters through Is
tanbul and Ankara
has now dried I'D.
Evening star., 1943-12-10

stored the Germans
to possession of
most (if not alb of
their vital north
south railway (Vi-
tebsk = Orsha -Koro =
stem = 2 h i t o m | ~
which links their
central and SOUTH
ern army groups.
The Russians are
closing in on zna-
menka, but this is
no longer of prima-
ry Importance, since
certainly the Ger
mans have by this
Evening star., 1943-12-10

Several effects of the unbroken and sig
nihcant series of Republican victories
since 1912 are clear The most notable Of
these is the sweeping away Of the last
Evening star., 1943-12-10

dom. Thousands Of men, women
and children of all classes will re-
member it throughout their lives.
In Russia 1t is certain to be a ma
tional treasure OF significance for
centuries to come.
Evening star., 1943-12-10
On the Record

At first sight the three-power declara-
ton seems to deal in vague generalities.
More careful study reveals it to be 4
most remarkable statement
Evening star., 1943-12-10
Russian Front Shifting

BY paying heavy price, the German
counterattacks seem for the time being
to have stalled the Russian advance
beyond the Dnieper, and to have re-
Evening star., 1943-12-10
This Changing World

Although many of the reports COM
ing through neutral countries concern
ing German troop movements in the
Balkans are regarded as intimidation
Dirva = Field. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1915-current, 1943-11-11
AtstOvas Zadeikis
Valstybes DEPARTMENT.

Lietuvos Igaliotas Ministe-
ris p. zadeikis atsilanke Vals-
tybes Departments Washing
tone, susipazinti su nauju Val
styles Sekretoriaus padejaju
Edwardu R. Stettinius, Jr.
Americas laikrasciu reporte-
riams p. zadeikis pareiskes,
Maskvos konferencija nepanei-
gus Atlantic Carterio principu
ir pabrezus koletyvio saugu-
mo pradus. Tokiu budu, p. Mi
nisteris tiki, nepriklausomos ir
demOkratines Lietuvos atstei-
gimo klausime esminiu pakei-
timu neivyko, o Maskvos tik-
roji sia kryptimi mintis paais-
kesianti veliau. ST. =
Dirva = Field. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1915-current, 1943-11-11
Darbininkai ZudOmi,
Kultura Nenyks

zinia apie arestavima P. Xii
mo PrancuZijoje nuliudins dau-
gell kuriems Lietuviu tautos
kulturos dalykai dar rupi. Jis
buvo Lietuvos Atstovas Pran-
cuzijai ir laisvas valandas pa
svente rasyti Lietuvos istori-
ia, kurios du tomu jau buvo
spaudai pilnai paruoses. Dir
va ragino Americas Lietuvius
pasirupinti ia .rankrasti nupir-
xii ir TMD vardu isleisti, bet
81 mintis musu srovineje spau-
dole pritarimo nerado. Tokiu
budu, bijoma kad Klimo ilgu
metu darba zveriska naziu po-
licija sunaikins. kaip bolsevi-
kai sunaikino jo surinkta Lie
tuvos Atstovybeje dideli kny-
gyna.
Bet atsiras kiti Klimai ir XII
tt Lietuviu kulturos tyrejai-
kurejai. Policija zmogaus dva-
sios sunaikinti negali, mes tai
pasaulio Kurejo padarinys!
Dirva = Field. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1915-current, 1943-11-11

|tetas. Panasiai veliau elgesi zemaiciuo-
Sc Jogaila ir Vytautas. Ne svetimu ir ne
zlnon1u ateiviu nesuprantamos formules,
10 valdovo svarus zodis turejo valdiniams
daryti ispudi.
Dlugoso kronika NUNS pasakoja ir
apie patti krikstijimo buda. Kadangi Ell
nanciu krikstytis buve labai daug tai Wy
raj If moterys buve suskirstomi atski-
rus burelius il uztenkamai paSlakstomi
vandeniu. Tada kiekvienam buriui buve
duodama atskiras vardas. Paw, vienam
vyru buriui buve Quota vardas Petras, XII
tam Paulius, treciam Jonas; moteru bu-
riams panaSiai buve duodama vardai Ma
res, Onos, Daratos, ir tt.
Pakrikstytiems Jogaia dovanodavo
balta vilnoni drabuzi. Tai buvo krikS-
to apeigos ispildymas naujai pakriksty-
tas, atgautos nekaltybes zenklan, apvel-
kamas baltu drabuziu. Dlugosas rase kad
del tu dovanu buve daug susirinke kriks-
tytis, O kryziuociai, stengdamiesi Lietu-
viQ kriksto verte mazinti, veliau skleide
gandus kad Lietuviai del tu drabuziu po
kelis kartus eie prie krikSto. -.
Paprasto gyventoju krikSto, zinoma,
negalejo pakakti. Visur Baznycia rupi-
nosi sukurti atitinkamas institucijas gy-
Vam tlkeJlmul palaikytl. lr Lietuvai, be
abejo, reikejo baznytines organizacijos.
Todel kartu SUI kriksto ivedimu ne kur XII
tur Vilnjuie buvo ikurta ir pirmutine
Lietuvcs vyskupija, jai uzrasytos zemes.
Atskiru dokumentu buvo nustatytos Lie
tuvos krikstytu bajoru teises If privilege
jos. Lotyniskasis krikstas buvo padary-
tas privalomas, draudziant sueiti nauja-
krikStams misrias moterystes su stacia-
tikiais. sitokiu budu kunigaikstijoje il
gainiui ivyko ryskus .etnografinis atsida-
linimas tarp Lietuviu ir Rusu. O Lofty
niskas krikstas buvo tikroji grandis ku-
RI Lietuva Wis labiau suriso su Vakaru
kultura.
Bet dar pilnai Jogailai neivykdzius
pirmujQ Lietuvos sukrikscioninimo planu,
Vvtautas stojo kova SUI Jogaila uz savo
teises Iietuvoje, kurias veliau ir atgavo.
Dirva = Field. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1915-current, 1943-11-11
kAS KA RASO
(Spaudoje Pasidairius)
Raso Vyt. sirvydas.
Taip Reikia

Taip Reikia
Taip vadinamas Polish Re-
search Centras Londone islei-
do Angliska kalba "The Story
of Vino, kur, tikrai, gryna
LenkQ "pasaka''. Kun. Pruns-
kis ia proga sake:
"Propagandos del Lietuvos
ir pasiruosimo Taikos konfe-
rencijai, Lietuviams reiktu ir-
gi daugiau pasidarbuoti'.
Tiesa, reiktu, bet kas dirbs t?
KatalikQ Federacijos ikurtas
LietuviQ Kulturinis Institutas
sia kryptimi pasibaige pilnu
nepasisekimu, mes neisleista
nei vienos doros informacines
knygeles, nors daug pinigu is
aikvota. Vieton jieskoti budu
bendrai dirbti SUI tautininkais,
kurie vieni rodo energijos, su-
manumo ir darbingumo, katali-
kai susibuciave saldziai snudu-
riuoja SUI pusgyviais socialis-
tais ir nezinanciais kur stow
sandarieciais.
Kick Lietuvai Vaduoti Sa-
junga ir New Yorko Lietuviu
Taryba (kurioje tautininkai
dalyvauja) nudirbs Lietlvos
naudai, tick bus Amerikos Lie
tuviu sio karo metu ir padary-
ia. Gi garsioji koalicija per
du metu buvo margas nieku-
tbs - ir tokia pasiliks, mes tai
jos igimtis, kaip negamtinio
kudikio.
Dirva = Field. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1915-current, 1943-11-11

sSALDAINIU produkcja Suv. Valstjose 1941 il
paskui 1912 metals virsijo 250O000O00 svaru kas met
Vrs 10 nuos. 1912 metu produkcjos buvo nupkta tie
sog mtarsku pirkeju kta dals pirkta is isAtarpinnku
Dirva = Field. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1915-current, 1943-11-11
Apysaka apie Lietuvius

Anglijoje, sakoma, isleista
Patricijos Young parasyta apy-
saka, Ear Flung Seed" (Toli
Numesta Sekla), vaizduojanti
Lietuviu pirm 1914 metu isei-
vybes priezastis ir iseiviu gy-
venima Anglijoje. RaSytoja
medziaga, matyt, semus is vie
nos Lietuviq seimos pergyve-
nimu.
Dirva = Field. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1915-current, 1943-11-11
"A | N T Y S
Y. ]. 3.

V. J. B..
Dvasiniai rySiai nieko bendra netu-
II su teologine religija
Knygos yra grabai kur Sventieji mie-
ga.
zmogus yra vien tue ka jis zinc.
Didis gyvenimo tikslas ne zinojimas
bet veikimas.
Mano zodziai lekia aukstyn mano
mintys lieka zemeje. zodziai be minciu
nepasiekia dangaus.
sirdis, kaip il roze, turi butt sutrin-
ia pirm negu j isduos saldziausius kva-
puS.
Dirva = Field. [volume] (Cleveland, Ohio) 1915-current, 1943-11-11
LietuvOs EkOnOmine
AteitiS

Jono A. Armono straipsnis
Dirvoje graziai nuSviete Lie
tuvos kooperatyvu vaidmeni.
Fusq broliai Lietuvoje per 25
metus pergyveno "katalikiska,
liaudininkiska socialdemokra-
TIM, tautininkiska, bolsevikis-
ka ir naziska" tvarka. Atei-
tyje, Armonas sake, Lietuva
suks tik kooperatiniu' keliu,
mes zmones per visas "tvar-
kas" patyre kad ju tikriausias
draugas buvO - kooperacija.