davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1943-06-03
Order Nisi-....,

In the Matter Of the Deed of
Trust from Woodmoore Develop
ment Corporation, corporation,
To
William X. Copenhaver and
Horace w. Barber, Trustees.
IN THE CIRCUIT COURT FOR
MONTGOMERY COUNTY, AS
A COURT OF EQUITY.
No. 10,839 Equity.
ORDERED, this 14th day of
May A. D. 1943, by the Circuit
Court for Montgomery County, as
a Court of Equity, that the
Auditors Report filed in the
above entitled cause, be ratified
and confirmed, unless cause to the
contrary thereof be shown on or
before the 18th day of June next:
Provided a copy Of this order be
inserted in some newspaper pub
lished in said Montgomery Coun-
ty, once in each of three success
sive weeks before the said 18th
day Of June, 1943.
CLAYTON X. WATKINS,
Clerk of the Circuit Court
for Montgomery County.
True Copy-Test: =.
CLAYTON K. WATKINS,
696 Clerk.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1943-06-03
ALBERT M. BoUIc, Attorney
Rockville, Maryland.
Notice To Creditors

NOTICE is HEREBY GIVEN,
that the Subscriber of Alexan-
dria, Virginia, has obtained from
the Orphans Court of Montgom-
cry County, in Maryland, Letters
Testamentary on the Personal
Estate of
ANNIE R. KEMP
late Of Montgomery County, de-
ceased. All persons having Claims
against the deceased, are hereby
warned to exhibit the same, with
vouchers thereof, legally anthem
ticated 10 the subscriber on or
before the 9Th day of November
next: they may otherwise by law
be excluded from all benefits of
said Estate. All persons indebted
to said Estate are requested to
make immediate payment.
Given under my hand this 9Th
day of May in the year of our
Lord, one thousand nine hundred
and forty-three.
LAWRENCE KEMP,
Executor,
Alexandria, Virginia,
678 r. F. D. No. 1
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1943-06-03
JAMES H. PUGH, Attorney,
Rockville, Maryland.
Notice To Creditors

JAMES HI. PUGH, Attorney,
Rockville, Maryland.
Notice To Creditors
NOTICE Is HEREBY GIVEN,
that the Subscriber of Montgom-
cry County, has obtained from
the Orphans Court of Montgom-
cry County, in Maryland, Letters
Testamentary on the Personal
Estate Of
JOHN A. REID
late of Montgomery County, de-
ceased. All persons having Claims
against the deceased, are hereby
warned to exhibit the same, with
vouchers thereof, legally anthem
ticated to the subscriber on or
before the 18th day of November
next; they may otherwise by law
be excluded from all benefits of
said Estate. All persons indebted
to said Estate are requested to
make immediate payment.
Given under my hand this 18th
day of May in the year of our
Lord, one thousand nine hundred
and forty-three.
EULALIA E. REID,
Executrix,
712 Boyds, Maryland.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1943-06-03

Order Nisi-
In the Matter of the Estate Of
Hamilton Wallace, late of
Montgomery County, deceased.
IN THE ORPHANS COURT
FOR MONTGOMERY
COUNTY.
ORDERED, this 18th day of
May A. D. 1913, by the Orphans
Court for Montgomery County,
that the sale made by John d.
Bowman, Jr., Trustee to Mar
garet H. Gardner and reported in
the above entitled cause, be rati-
fed and confirmed, unless cause
to the contrary thereof be shown
on or before the 11th day of June
next: Provided a copy of this
order be inserted in some news
paper published in said Mont
gomery County, once in each of
three successive weeks before the
said 18th day Of June.
The Report states the amount
of the sale to be $4,000.
CAREY f. QUINN,
LEWIS F. HOBBS
EINAR B. CHRISTENSEN,
Judges of the Orphans Court
for Montgomery County, Md.
True C0py-Test:
ODORION w. ROBY,
Register of Wills for Montgom-
cry County, Maryland. TOO
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1943-06-03
CAESAR L. AIELL0, Attorney
901 Hibbs Bldg,
Washington, D. C.
Notice To Creditors

NOtACc 10 CTe0lIOrS-
NOTICE Is HEREBY GIVEN,
that the Subscriber of District of
Columbia, has obtained from the
Orphans Court of Montgomery
County, in Maryland, Letters Tes-
tamentary on the Personal Estate
Of
JOSIAH THOMAS CRAwLEY,
Also Known as Josiah T. Crawley
and J. T. Crawley
late of Montgomery County, de-
ceased. All persons having Claims
against the deceased, are hereby
warned to exhibit the same, with
vouchers thereof, legally anthem
ticated to the subscriber on or
before the 18th day Of November
next: they may otherwise by law
be excluded from all benefits of
said Estate. All persons indebted
ta said Estate are requested to
make immediate payment.
Given under its hand this 18th
day of May in the year of cur
Lord, one thousand nine hundred
and forty-three.
AMERICAN SECURITY AND
TRUST COMPANY OF
WASHINGTON, D. c.,
762 Executor
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1943-06-03
]. EDWARD BURROUGHS, JR.,
Attorney,
1916 K Street, N. w.,
Washington. ID. C..
Notice no CreditOrs

w dotulB bOlAS Os VI
Notice To Creditors
NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN,
that the Subscriber of Montgom-
cry County, has obtained from
the Orphans Court of Montgom-
cry County, in Maryland, Letters
Testamentary on the Personal
Estate of
WILLIAM J. PETERS
late of Montgomery County, de-
ceased. All persons having Claims
against the deceased, are hereby
warmed to exhibit the same, with
vouchers thereof, legally anthem
ticated to the subscriber on or
before the 5th day of November,
next: they may otherwise by law
be excluded from all benefits of
said Estate. All persons indebted
to said Estate are requested to
make immediate payment.
Given under my hand this 9Th
day of May, in the year of our
Lord, one thousand nine hundred
and forty-three.
BEATRICE PETERS,
80 Rosemary Street,
Chevy Chase, Maryland
676 Executrix.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1943-06-03
NASH & DoNNELLY, Attorneys
730 18th Street, N. W.,
Washington, D. c.

Washington, d. C.
Notice To Creditors
NOTICE is HEREBY GIVEN,
that the Subscriber of Montgom-
cry County, has obtained from
the Orphans Court of Montgom-
cry County, in Maryland, Letters
Testamentary on the Personal
Estate Of
PERCIVAL ALFRED KNOX
late Of Montgomery County, de-
ceased. All persons having Claims
against the deceased, are hereby
warned to exhibit the same, with
vouchers thereof, legally authenti-
Gated to the subscriber on or be-
fore the 4th day of November,
next: they may otherwise by law
be excluded from all benefits of
said Estate. All persons indebted
to said Estate are requested to
make immediate payment.
Given under my hand this 4th
day of May, in the year of our
Lord, one thousand nine hundred
and forty-three.
BESSIE LEPHFEW KNOX,
Executrix,
PIG Indian Spring Drive,
SIS Silver Spring, Md.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1943-06-03
JOSEPH B. SIMPSON, JR., Attorney
Rockville, Maryland
Notice To Creditors

y
Notice To Creditors
NOTICE rs HEREBY GIVEN,
that the Subscriber of Mont
gomery County, has obtained from
the Orphans Court of Montgom-
cry County, in Maryland, Letters
Testamentary on the Personal
Estate of
JOHN THOMAS VANCE
late of Montgomery County, de-
ceased. All persons having Claims
against the deceased, are hereby
warned to exhibit the same, with
vouchers thereof, legally anthem
ticated to the subscriber on or
before the 4th day of November
next: they may otherwise by law
be excluded from all benefits of
said Estate. All persons in
debted to said Estate are re-
quested to make immediate pay
ment.
Given under my hand this 4th
day of May, in the year of our
Lord, one thousand nine hundred
and forty-three.
MARGARET B. VANCE,
Executrix,
16 w. Irving Street,
SIT Chevy Chase, Nd.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1943-06-03
HAROLD C. SMITH, Attorney
Rockville, Maryland.
Notice To Creditors

NOTICE is HEREBY GIVEN,
that the Subscriber of Washing
ton, ID. c., has obtained from
the Orphans Court Of Nc .tgom-
cry County, in Maryland, Letters
Testamentary on the Personal
Estate Of
MARTHA DIGGES COLHOUN
late Of Montgomery County, de-
ceased. All persons having Claims
against the deceased, are hereby
warned to exhibit the same, with
vouchers thereof, legally anthem
ticated to the subscriber on or
before the 4th day Of November,
next: they may otherwise by law
be excluded from all benefits of
said Estate. All persons indebted
to said Estate are requested to
make immediate payment.
Given under my hand this 4th
day Of May, in the year Of our
Lord, one thousand nine hundred
and forty-three.
CECIL NJ. ROEDER,
1929 Investment Building,
Washington, d. C.
&ff4 Executrix.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1943-06-03
BOWIE F. WATERS, Attorney
Rockville, Md.
Notice To Creditors

ROCKVILLE, MI.
Notice To Creditors
NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN,
that the Subscriber of Montgom-
cry County, has obtained from
the Orphans Court of Montgom-
cry County, in Maryland, Letters
Testamentary on the Personal
Estate of
WILLIAM H. McCROSSIN
late Of Montgomery County, de-
ceased. All persons having Claims
against the deceased, are hereby
warned to exhibit the same, with
vouchers thereof, legally anthem
ticated to the subscriber on or
before the 26th day of November
next: they may otherwise by law
be excluded from all benefits of
said Estate. All persons indebted
to said Estate are requested to
make immediate payment.
Given under my hand this Goth
day of May in the year of our
Lord, one thousand nine hundred
and forty-three.
LEONARD L. McCR0SSIN,
Executor,
Rockville, Maryland.
ITO R. F. D. No. 2.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1943-06-03
DONALD A. DELAsHMUrT,
Attorney,
Rockville, Maryland.
Notice To Creditors


NOTICE is HEREBY GIVEN,
that the Subscriber of District Of
Columbia has obtained from the
Orphans Court of Montgomery
County, in Maryland, Auxiliary
Letters of Administration C. t. a.
on the Personal Estate of
DAISIE I. HUFF,
late of District of Columbia, de-
ceased. All persons resident and
nonresident having Claims against
the said deceased, are hereby
warned to exhibit and file, the
same, in said Court, with vouch-
ers thereof, on or before the 18th
day of November next: they may
otherwise by law be excluded from
all benefit of said Estate. All
persons indebted to said Estate
are requested to make immediate
payment.
Given under my hand this 18th
day of May in the year of our
Lord, one thousand nine hundred
and forty-three.
GEORGE w. HUFF,
3677 18th Street, N. w.,
500 Washington, D. C.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1943-06-03
Thursday, June 10, 1913

In the Circuit Court Room of
the Court House, Rockville, Mary
land.
Notice is hereby given that all
taxpayers interested may appear
and be heard at the above men,
toned time and place before the
Commissioners adopt a resolution
making appropriations for the
several County purposes.
BOARD OF COUNTY
COMMISSIONERS FOR
MONTGOMERY COUNTY
By: LACY SHAW, President.
]. FOREST WALKER, Clerk. 773
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1943-06-03
ALBERT NJ. BoUIc, Attorney
Rockville, Md.
Notice To Creditors

ALBERT NJ. BoUIc, Attorney
Rockville, Md.
Notice To Creditors
NOTICE Is HEREBY GIVEN,
that the Subscribers of the State
of New York and of Montgomery
County, respectively, have OBJ
tanned from the Orphans Court
Of Montgomery County, in Mary
land, Letters Of Administration,
c. T. A. on the Personal Estate
Of
MARY A. GILPIN
late of Montgomery County, de-
ceased. All persons having Claims
against the deceased, are hereby
warned to exhibit the same, with
vouchers thereof, legally anthem
ticated TO the subscriber on or
before the 18th day of November
next: they may otherwise by law
be excluded from all benefits of
said Estate. All persons indebted
to said Estate are requested to
make immediate payment.
Given under my hand this 18th
day Of May, in the year of our
Lord, one thousand nine hundred
and forty-three.
FLORENCE N. KINSOLVING,
lis E. 82nd St.,
New York, N. Y.
WILLIAM II. GILPIN,
Olney, Maryland,
685 Administrators c. T. A..
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1943-06-03
Office of the
Board of County Commissioners
for Montgomery County
NOTICE
Rockville, Maryland

Rockville, Maryland
May 81, 1913.
County Accountant and Clerk to
the Board have submitted to the
Board of County Commissioners,
a Budget Estimate for the fiscal
year beginning July 1, 1913.
In accordance with Chapter
TAI, Act of General Assembly of
1941, the Commissioners will hold
a public hearing on the said
Budget Estimate at
800 O'CLOCK P. NJ,
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1943-06-03

Americans, who belivev that we
should forgive guilty Japs and
Germans for their heinous crimes,
should stand up to be counted.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1943-06-03

Arthur S. Bentley, Plaintiff,
VS..
Mary Nell Bentley, Defendant.
IN THE CIRCUIT COURT FOR
MONTGOMERY COUNTY
SITTING AS A
COURT OF EQUITY.
No. 1O888 EQUITY.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1943-06-03
OF DAIRY LIVESTOCK
AND EQUIPMENT

By virtue Of an order Of the
Orphans Court for Montgomery
County. the hereinafter described
personal property belonging to the
estate of Nellie L. Faw1ey, late
Of Montgomery County, deceased,
will be sold at public auction by
Ella M. Henderson, Administra-
trix of the estate Of the said Mel
lie L. Fawley, deceased,
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-09-28
Incentive Motive
Brings Progress

Though the Cynics seek 10 he
little such American diScrlmlna-
ton as a vulgar worshipping Of
success. the process of rewards
and incentives has been the main
spring behind the most pToduc-
tive economic system the world
has ever known.
While the vast majority APP
proves the system which IS tested
every day of their lives, mi
nority perSistcntly seeks 10 act as
detractorS
These critics have been more
or less influenced by the vitupera-
tive utterances of Karl Marx. who
wrote the bible of socialism and
communism.
In denouncing the immense So
cial usefulness of creative minds
who made modern living more
gracious, Karl Marx provided a
philosophic escape for failures.
malcontents and maladjuSted
persons.
His hidden psychological appeal
was 10 mediocrity, which was I'M
able 10 win in the competitive
struggle on the merit system.
In Europe and Asia, reaction
AIRY politicians. borrowing more
or less of the MARKHAM psychology.
rose TO power through exploiting
emotional resentment OF the
mediocre against the exception
ally competent.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-09-28
Public Should GuaO
Well It's PrerogatiUes

The rate Of progress in the i'm
provement Of the quality OF Amer
lean products his been unprecc-
denied in past decades
Thus the Grade A OF 1900 woula
be deemed inferior 10 Grade c
merchandise today.
In their own enlightened self
interest. the American pu b ! c
should insist on keeping pure the
fountains and springs from which
chronological progress flows.
There must be no subtle dam
ming up Of the streams OF prog
ress, which. If foStered, will yield
a remarkable increase in the ma.
terial well-being Of $4,000, 900
American families after the VIC
tory in the war against the AXIS.
FELTON, mericnns, let's be reso-
lutc ~ orr determination 70
quicken The parade Of progress BY
embracing constructive changes.
tchiie rejecting phoHy proposals.
incorporating under liberal"
label.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-09-28
Progress Would
Be Frozen

Even If perChance such a frozen
and intieXible system we're admin
lStered by a new and hitherto IN
known type of bureaucrat as wise
As job. the best that could be
expected would be a static system,
IN which the present state of the
art and science Of processing food
would be frozen into a permanent
and unchanging pattern.
The present dynamic COMPETE
tive urge 10 produce more and
better things at lower cost would
be aborted
The public would be deprived Of
the new ideas and techniqueS
which are being perpetually de-
veloped in the laboratories OF pro-
greSSive business firms.
The outstanding firms which
pat the imprint Of superiority
into their products, would be
clumSily grouped and standardized
by government bureaucrats0 >ith
their less efficient competitors
likewise, those who employ we'll
paid union workers would be
placed at a competitive disad-
vantage with labor sweaters.
The excellent manufacturers,
who aim TO give plus values
would be undercut on costs by the
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-09-28

launching Of what the Rus
SLAMS call the second front (al-
though We are now already on
fronts in Italy, the South Pa
cific and Alaska
THE officially inspired stories
Il seldom mentioned a sue
cessor. although unofficially
1t. Gen. McNarney deputy
chief of staff. 1t. Gen. McNau.
in charge of training, and Ii
Gen. Somervcll OF services of
supply have been suggested.
The officially inspired press
stories suggested that an an
nouncement would be made at
the Presidents press conference
Friday, but the conference was
called off.
Marshall has many friends in
Washington and powerful sup
port for retaining him in his
present position He gets along
exceptionally we'll with con-
greSSmen. Both the House and
Senate military affairs commit
tees like him, and most Of them
would not like TO see him go.
The only criticism heard Of
Marshall by any one here has
come from advocates Of brilliant
and fast military action who
consider his war strategy to be
methOdical. Instead of attempt
ing amazing exploits. the whole
American strategy in both the
Atlantic and the Pacific so far
has been to bide its time until
il could accumulate superior
numbers and forces and then do
the expected more often than
the unexpected
THIS is especially true Of the
Il course of the Mediterranean
attack from Tunisia TO Sicily
10 Italy. although the original
Tunlsian landing in the German
rear could hardly be considered
in this category.
The kind Of military tactics
that are good are those that
are successful, whether they
are mcthodical or dashing.
Appointment of A top overall
man 10 coordinate the activities
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-09-28
Labelling, a Step
Backward for u. S.
dangerous.

If. through government fiat. the
good relations between business
men and customers based on years
CT practical testing Of products At
The family table were 10 be super
Scded by clumsy a, b, { label
ling Of food products. the country
would be taking a backward step.
In mathematical terms A Is 80
10 100; B. Is TO SO, and {. so 10
a. If the bureaucrat'S seal were
the criterion and if the product
wore 10 be sold at a government
dictated fiat price, far-reaching
degrading would take place. 1t
might be comparatively disadvan-
tageouS for the superior brand,
rated at 80, 10 continue the differ
ence between 80 and 90 for which
IT would have no price allowance.
The proposed inadequate govern
ment minimum standards would
substitute the standard of good
enough for the dynamic COMPETE
tive striving for greater excellence.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-09-28
Fiattering Politics
Kills Opportunities

Such politics. while flatterinC
the inefficient, lead the average
man into dead-end streets and
Kill off his opportunities for a rise
in material wellbeinC. on the one
hand, and for freedom of choice,
on the other
While talking in blue sky
terms about the glory of man. IS
a trick for Seizing power, the to-
talitarians in fact degrade hu-
initiate and regiment the ordinary
citizen.
The totaltarian technique is a
concealed crusade against excel
lence.
II manifested itself in NaIi Ger
many IN the burning of books and
in the exile or confinement Of
eminent scientists. poets, physi-
clans, business executives and
others whose religious or political
views did not conform 10 the
standards of little bureaucrats in
big governmental jobs.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-09-28

The housewife in the kitchen,
like the workman al his bench,
puts her personality into her work,
however humdrum. And if she is
competent she asplreS 10 place her
seal Of excellence on everything
she touches.
In small and in large affairs,
the American people respect
know how.
Our people admire the man,
who in EmerSon'S phrase, can
build better mouSetrap.
They have usually trod a path
TO his door.
Time and again The little fell
low. with creative idea that
adds TO human happiness and ma
terial wellbeinG, IS rewarded
through a great increase in pa
trOnaGe
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-09-28
BY PAUL MALLON

WASHINGTON. Sept. 2S-
w The Army and Navy
Journal, which generally repre-
SentS army viewpoint although
II is not Government-owned,
first presented 10 the public the
suggestion that Gen. Marshall
the chief Of staff, might be
boosted upstairs in charge of all
Allied forces.
Other newspapers later were
inspired by an official source
TO Join in the speculation. some
attrlbutlng the proposed change
10 British dissatisfaction with
war department cooperation.
Congressman who know The
situation were not much inn
pressed with this explanation Of
I he Sugg eStiOn because
Marshall always has been popu-
lar with the British army lead
erS.
Other unidentified govern
ment officials later Joined in the
propheSy that Marshall might
be placed at least in charge
Of the European campaign. i'm
plying that he would handle the
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-09-28

will never know whether the
same results could have been
achieved with fewer casualties if
the cream Of the crop of soldiers
had not earlier been purged.
The MARKHAM crusade against
excellence is self-defeating, and
Soviet Russia early discovered
the frustrating effect of the
Marian formula.
Accordingly the Soviet, while
still giving lip service to Marx.
early in its history rejected the
Communist formula Of each
working according 10 his ability
and each being paid according 10
his need.
The Soviet found such a dead
enlng prescription destructive to
high productivity.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-09-28
Mar1isn1 Abandoned
Incentive FaUored

Accordingly il turned from
MarXism TO a system OF incentives
and rewards.
II now uses the piece rate IN
centive system in numerous fac
tories. and, according 10 Wendell
l.. Willkie, in his hook, One
World, II frequently pays eXecu-
tiveS 10 times as much as skilled
workers.
Fortunately for US, the Ameri-
can passion for liberty has, TO a
large extent, insulated Us from
the reactionary influence OF the
crusade against excellence
But even over here, the issue
has been raised in milder form by
self styled refoTners, who while
talking the language Of liberty,
emotionally lean in the direction
Of infinite eXaltation Of the power
of government.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-09-28
Freedom of Choice
AIKEN From Citizens

a symptom of the destructive
attitude has been the subtle at
tempt TO impose barriers TO free
dealings in the business world be-
tween citizens and aggregates OF
citizens.
Such stripping OF citizens Of
freedom Of choice and action are
usually falsely labeled in most
progressive and alluring terms
Congress Sensed such q hidden
motive in the campaign for bu-
reaucratlc grade labelling Of food
products. and in It's recent Taft
amendment 10 the Price Control
Act il forbade the OPA 10 require
bureaucratic grade labelling.
~ To InnoccntS, the underlying
bearing Of bureaucratic grade
labelling 10 the crusade against
excellence Is not apparent.
At first blush. the limitation on
the self reliance and freedom Of
The housewife seems like deSlr-
able and progressive move.
That is why II is all the more
GanrprOuS
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-09-28
Truth IN Labelling
Economic Commentator for the Hearst Newspapers

EDITORS NOTE-This is the second
Of a series of articles discussing the essen
tidls of the American lcoy Of life. Mr..
RukeySer distinguishes betUeen uhdroid-
able Uortime detOuS, on the one hand,
and efforts TO foSten such mterferences
1cith the freedom Of the people into
permanent postwar system, on the other.
Against this larger c0HrNSS, he sets piece
meal attempts to destroy the system
through SlupinQ at the successful methods
6H lchich the American sustem make and