davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-05-20
By COLLEEN MACDONELL

THE SIAMESE TWINS are a
holdover at the Stevadora, and
are getting plenty Of attention
with their twin saXophones and
other interesting accomplishments,
New highlight of the show is
Ray Styles, who masters the cere-
monies and INDUCES in some rare
comedy magic. Another hit is Leon
Collins. the sepia dance star, who
turns in an excellent job Of tap
dancing. using popular swing TO
its best advantage
Lee Mason returns TO the lineup
with more of his special heart
throb songs, and Ethel Shepherd
adds 10 the musical entertainment
with some fine vocals on Gonna
Shut My Mouth" and AS Time
Goes BY"
The DeRoy Glamour Girls set
the pace and frame the show ei-
Ifectively with their new numbers,
and Joe Blankets trumpet and
orchestra provide music for the
show and for dancing.
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1943-05-07
F. w. WOOLWORTH Co.

81 East Main. offers permanent en-
ployment, experienced or mex
perienced. You are not too old to
work. Application will be accepted
only from persons eligible for en-
ployment under the Employment
Sterilization Plan.
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1943-05-07

WOMAN-Reliable, white, middle
aged or older, for cleaning. Regu-
lar part time work, private family,
good wages. Telephone ADOPT.
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1943-05-07
Automobiles
New Car Dealers

Packard Waterbury, Inc.
482 WATERFOWL Ave. Dial 4-6lO9
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1943-05-07
SIZE NO DETERRENT

Sacramento, Cal. - CUP - pee
wee" men, those ranging in height
from four feet six inches to four
feet eleven inches, or those just
under the required military meas
urements, will probably come into
their own in California. A bill is
before the state legislature provid-
ing for the organization of pee
wee" unit of the State Guard. CAL
ifornia is estimated to have 1000
ment under the five foot measure
ment who are anxious to do their
Dit In the armed services.
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1943-05-07
NOTICE

STATE OF CONNECTICUT, DIS
TR1CT of WATERBURY,, SIS. PRO
BATE COURT, May 5th, 1913.
ESTATE of SARAH E. VIEWER,
late OF the town of Waterbury,
in said district, deceased.
The Court of Probate for the
District of Waterbury, hath limited
aud allowed six months from the
date hereof for the creditors Of said
estate to exhibit their claims for
settlement. Those who neglect to
present their accounts, properly at
tested, within said time, will be
debarred a recovery. All persons
indebted to said estate arc requested
to make immediate payment to
WILLIAM f. VIEWER,
Executor.
Middlesex St, Waterbury, Conn.
Per Order of Court
Attest:
MARGUERITE NJ. FAHY,
h-b~Jt Asst. Clerk.
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1943-05-07
Help-Malc or Female

STATE OF CONNECTICUT
PERSONNEL DEPARTMENT
EXAMINATION NOTICES
POSITIONS: Key-Punch Operator,
No. 456, 5000 1440; for the Uni
versity OF Connecticut: Clerk, Typ
list and Stenographer Grade II,
Nos. 457-459, 1890 $1740; Clerk,
Typist and Stenographer, Grade /,
Nos. 460-462, $1,000 entrance rate.
APPLICATION FORMS and de-
tailed information may be obtained
at the Personnel Department, State
Capitol, Hartford, or at local Offices
Of the U. S. Employment Service
for Connecticut.
CLOSING DATE for filing appli-
cations for all positions Is May 81,
1943.
DATES OF EXAMINATIONS: For
all positions between June l, 1943
and June is, 1913.
Glendon A. Scoboria,
PERSONAL Director.
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1943-05-07

YOUNG LADIES-OVER IS YEARS
with spare evenings, to work g. 10
p. m. and every other Sunday on
soda fountain. Apply Liggett Drug
Store, East Main st.
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1943-05-07
Women Wanted
GIRLS WANTED
III GRAND ST.

CAPABLE - Girls as salesclerks in
package store. Downtown district in
Waterbury. Experience unneces-
sary. Good wages; 48 hours; vaca-
lions. Call mornings for appoint
ment, 5-2109.
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1943-05-07
Beautiful Lake Home

-Four years old Six rooms and den.
Hardwood floors, modern kitchen,
cabinets, combination sink. Break
fast nook. Large Is X 10 living
room with field stone fireplace and
windows affording view of beauti-
full Lake Hitchcock. Storm VIM
dows. hot water heat and oil burn
err. Automatic hot water heater.
Large front porch facing lake is
screened-in. Outside walls insulat-
ed. Artesian well. Heated garage
with wash-stand. School bus and
regular bus service pass property.
Two lots totalling SO 255 feet.
Taxes $50. Well arrange an in
spection. Call
d. T. HARRINGTON, Inc.
REALTOR
l4l West Main st. Dial 3-3ll2
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1943-05-07
LOVERS LINGO

Hollywood-A new language for
lovers who want to say sweet moth
ings TO each other without the
world listening In, may prove to be
the rhyming slang which originate
ed as thieves patter in Gold Eng
land and still Is in underworld use
In Australia. AS the bigshot gam
bier Of RKO Radios "Mr. Lucky"
Cary Grant employs 1t to commune
cato with Socialite LARAMIE Day I'M
der the family noses. Prediction is
1t will set vogue.
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1943-05-07

WOMAN-W Wanted, willing to go to
Maine as housekeeper, with four
in family. Phone 3-0528.
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1943-05-07
Take Shortcut To Results With Democrat 4212
Legal Notices
NOTICE

DISTRICT of WATERBURY,, IS
PROBATE COURT, May 9Th, A.
ID. 1943. ESTATE of ALNUS J.
BROWNE, late of Waterbury, In
said District, deceased.
Upon the application Of JOHN FL
ADAMS, Administrator, praying that
re may be authorized to sell, GER
ain real estate belonging to said
state, as per application on file
more fully appears, 1t is
ORDERED, That said application
ne heard mad determined at the
Probate Office in Waterbury, in said
District, on the 14th day of May A
.. 1913, at IL o'clock, in the fore
noon, eastern War Time), and that
notice be given of the tendency of
said application, and the time and
place of hearing thereon, by pub
fishing this order one time in some
newspaper having a circulation in
said District, also by leaving with
or by mailing in registered letter
postage prepaid a copy OF this order
to PEARL NJ. BROWNE, as Guar
dian ad Litem for LEILA BROWNE,
Minor, all on or before the 8th day
Of May 1913.
Attest:
MARGUERITE NJ. FAHY,
Silt Asst. Clerk.
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1943-05-07
5-7-1t
NOTICE

On and after this date, May 5th,
1913, / will not be responsible for
any bills other than those contract
ed by myself.
RALPH MOCCIOLO
5-5-3t 2S4 North Main st.
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1943-05-07
MOTORISTIC MONTANA

Five per cent of Montana's popu-
alton was employed in distributing
md retailing cars, trucks, tires, and
other accessories in 1895.
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1943-05-07
NOTICE

STATE Of CONNECTICUT, DIS
TRICT of WATERBURY,, SIS. PRO-
BATE COURT, May 9Th, 1913.
ESTATE of EMMA PASSANO
MOTT, late of the town of Wa
terbury, in said district, deceased.
The Court of Probate for the Dis
trict of Waterbury, hath limited and
allowed six months from the date
hereof for tho creditors of said
estate to exhibit their claims for
settlement. Those who neglect to
present their accounts, properly at
tested, within said time, will be
debarred a recovery. All persons in
debted to said estate are requested
to make immediate payment to
The CITIZENS e. MANUFACTU
NATIONAL BANK of WATERBURY,,
Waterbury, Conn. Executor.
Per Order of Court
Attest:
MARGUERITE NJ. FAHY,
S-7-St Asst. Clerk.
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1943-05-07
Business Service
IS Building and Contracting

DRIVEWAYS-Built, repaired. Mas
onry anywhere. mixed tar, crushed
rock. Roger Clark, Woodbury.. Tel.
1912.
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1943-05-07

1941 PLYMOUTH
Special Deluxe Coupe Heater
JOHN ]. COLLINS, INC.
38 Willow ST. Dial 3-2l24
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1943-11-13
Kirke Simpson Says: Z
Crisis In Lebanon Nav
Create Serious Trouble

Coming on top of the still some
what mysterious retirement of
General Giraud from the French
Committee of National Liberation,
the French-Arab political crisis
in Lebanon is likely to increase
gravely the already considerable
tension in Allied relations with
the committee.
That there is tension was evil
dent this week when Prime Min
lister Churchill pointedly warned
the committee, now dominated by
General de Gaulle, that in Al
lied eyes it is not the owner, but
the trustee of the title deeds of
France" That came even before
announcement of the Giraud re-
signation from the committee, and
before there was any intimation
of the committee-sponsored action
in Lebanon that has now drawn
sharp warning from Downing
street.
Britain, in protesting French ar
rest of the Lebanese Government
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1943-11-13
CONFUSION Seen
IN BALKAN AREA
c arpatho-Ukraine Province
Reported Near State.
OF Chaos

. LONDON, Nov. 12-R-A state
Of near choas in the Carpartho-
Ukraine, easternmost province of
Hungary and formerly the south
eastern tip of Czechos1ovakia, was
reported today by the Czech gov
eminent in London as Premier
Nicolas Kallay of Hungary fer
vently appealed to his country
r.en for suppression of anti-Axis
outbreaks.
The guerrillas, many of whom
were brilliantly led by onetime
Hungarian officers. were making
widespread raids throughout the
Carpatho-Ukraine and the entire
area was fermenting, with hun
dreds of arrests made, Czech ac-
counts, said, even though Russian
armies which might eventually aid
them were still over 300 miles
away.
Continued on Page Six; Col. 81
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1943-11-13
0PA unit CITES
SIX CR0CERYMEN
Investigators Show Many
Violations OF Ration
ing Rules

Operators of six local groceries,
who have been charged with price
ceiling violations, will appear be.
fore T. Nelson Parker, acting hear.
ing commissioner of Richmond,
Va, at a hearing to be held Tues.
day, November Is, starting at s
am. in the rationing office, &C.
cording to information disclosed
late Friday by Frank P. Spruill,
Jr., associate enforcement attor.
ney of the Raleigh district office,
Office of Price Administration.
Mr.. Spruill is one OF the thir.
teen Investigators in Wilmington
for a two-week enforcement drive
which started Friday and which is
headed by Norman c. Shepard, dis
trict enforcement attorney, and
Walter A, Kavanaugh, district
price executive.
Theodore S. Johnson, district di-
rector, ordered the drive at t e r
many complaints of price viola
ton and requests for large scale
action had been received by the
Raleigh OPA office as well as the
local War Price and Rationing Of
flee.
1.-The drive" said Mr.. Johnson,
is being opened because the influx
of new business houses, war work.
ers, and others in the vital de-
tense area have brought b u t
widespread price violations, send
ing the cost of living to high lev
ell. The president has ordered that
the cost of living be held down
and it's OPS's job to see that
price violations are given strict
enforcement action"
The merchants upon whom a no
tice of nearing has been served
are charged with selling rationed
food above ceiling prices, failing
to post prices, or failing to post
correct point values. Notices will
be served on othe merchants Sat
urday to appear Wednesday and
following days.
"Mr. Parker will hear the evil
dence and decide IF there were
violations, and if so, if these are
of the nature to suspend their right
to deal with commodities" said
Mr.. spruill. 1.-THE merchant will
then be given an issue of suspen-
sion which will prevent his buy
ing or selling such rationed pro-
ducts"
This investigation is namely OF
food including processed food, ra-
toned meat, fish, fats. and cheese.
This is not an OPA investigation
but an administrative hearing set
up under the Second War Power
Act which was passed and ap-
proved in 1912.
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1943-11-13
America Given Warning
Of Understanding Foe

WASHINGTON, Nov. H. @ -
Army intelligence, firing a set of
figures at optimism. said today
that Germany and Japan are still
so strong, so well stocked and sit
uated, that if we take things too
easy 1--WE may find that our op-
portunity for victory has vanish
ed.
In fact, said General George v.
Strong, acting chief of the Mill
tary Intelligence Division, in a re-
port released on Capitol Hill, the
Germans are stronger now than
in 1899 and the real fight against
the japanese is only starting.
"Our main advantage in h e
struggle is our ability to produce
weapons, he said. If, through
unwillingness to face + a cts, we
give up this advantage, if through
overoptimism we slow down pro-
duction and relax our efforts, we
may find that our opportunity for
victory has escaped us perman-
entity"
strong's review, stacking up
point by point the things IL
blocking the roads to Berlin and
Tokyo, previously had been given
to House members in secret ses-
sion.
If presented the same danger
in-relaxing case he argued a t
September before conference of
Industrial and labor leaders and
newspaper executives. and its re-
lease anew and in detail, gave
emphasis through repetition.
Starting with Germany, here is
what Strong emphasized, on the
basis of reports to military intel
igence officers:
Fighting manpower - the Nazis
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1943-11-13
; JAP KARSHZPS
SENT TO BOTTOM
BY NAVY PLANES

SOUTHWEST PACIFIC ALLIED
HEADQUARTERS, Saturday, Nov.
13.- Up Navy planes from air.
craft carriers and land based
bombers-a raiding force of more
than 200 - sank three japanese
warships and damaged IL others
at Rabaul Thursday while the en-
envy expended "a planes in four
frantic but unsuccessful attempts
to sink the carriers.
An enemy cruiser and two de-
stroyers were sent to the bottom
of Rabaul's harbol, a cruiser and
II destroyers were damaged and
"a Japanese interceptors wer e
shot out of the sky during
sive assault which opened Wednes-
day night and extended into Thurs
days daylight hours.
Then, as the naval task force
was withdrawing, the Japanese
made their supreme efforts to de-
liver mortal blows at the carriers.
Their medium bombers and tor
pedo planes were Sc consistently
cut down by anti-aircraft of the
ships and covering Allied planes
that none of the planes in the
first three waves scored a single
direct hit on the vessels, head
quarters said, and the GU r h
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1943-11-13
WEATHER

FORECAST:
NORTH CAROLINA: Partly cloudy and
moderately cool today.
eastern Standard Iimel
Meteorological data for the "a hours
ending 1880 p. M, yesterday.
Temperature
1880 a. M, 36, 1880 a. m, 50, l:so
%. M, 81, 1880 p. M, 46: Maximum ~ DO
Minimum 81, Mean -, NORMAL d.
Humidity
nv nv %. 1880 p. M, 81.
F. --'' Precipitation
Total for the "a hours ending 7;So
p ,r M, o. since the first of the month,
063 inches e,,rset $40 o. m,
,, sunrnse' s:4 As o., Moonset, 800 a; ,,
Moonilsg Eos ar river stage at Fayetteville
IN Friday, at a. M, sSs fee''
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1943-11-13

thus become able to surrender to
the Allies.
Why then do they not kill MN
now and surrender before the
other great cities of Germany are
devastated and before Germany IT.
self is invaded? T h S question
must have been pondered deeply
by the German generals ever since
the tide turned decisivly against
them this past summer. lhey
know perfectly well that the more
they retreat in Russia and in Italy,
the harder it becomes to defend
Germany itself from the air at
tack. Therefore they cannot be
shortening their lines, as generals
might have done before the advent
of air power, in order to strengthen
concentrated defense OF Germa-
ny. In modern war no nation can
defend itself on its own frontier.
A very possible, and indeed prob
able, explanation of the German
Continued on Page Six; Col. ~
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1943-11-13
DEBATE ON TAKES
WILL BEGIN SOON
Proposed Increases In Liz
uor Levy May Be
Main Topic

WASHINGTON, Nov. 12.-(R-
House debate on the new $2,142,
e00,0 tax bill will begin Novem-
Der % with proposed increases in
liquor excuses and postal rates
likely to be the main target Of
Congressional criticism.
AS Speaker Rayburn (D-Tex)
set the date today for the bills
first test on the floor. indications
were that the legislation will be
tossed to the Senate with little, il
any, change. The second wartime
revenue measure was approved
last night by the House Ways and
Means committee. = So 49,
When the measure reaches the
Senate side, the Administration
probably will renew efforts in be-
half of its $1o,5OO, 100000 addition
al revenue program which the
committee repudiated.
Some tax leaders want to take
the legislation to the House floor
under a closed rule which would
permit only amendments offered
by the committee. Representative
Knutson, of Minnesota, Ways and
Means Republican leader, sup
ported this idea, saying "You
can't write a new tax bill on the
House floor"
However, Representative Hart
ley GRIND, ranking minority
member of the House Postoffice
committee, called for an open rule
to permit an amendment striking
from the bill section placing
higher postal rates on some
classes of mail. He said the postal
rates should be referred to the
Postoffice committee flor proper
consideration"
Representative Celler O-NY)
indicated he would battle the COM
mittee's boost in the excise on
liquor, from Sc to SO gallon. He
commended the increase would re.
turn "bootlegging and hi-jacking. "
The Congress Of Industrial Or:
CARNATIONS previously protested
against any rule that would pro-
hibit free presentation OF amend.
meuts on the floor and contended
the bill failed to place adequate
taxes on large incomes, unprec'
edented corporate profits and
large estates"
A closed rule has prevailed on
number of previous tax bills.
The committee bill makes viz
tually no changes in the burdens
CONTINUED on Page Six; Col. 81
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1943-11-13
Nazii Supply
tunnels Hit
By Air Raid
Allied Heavy Bombers
Range Far And Wide
Over Continent
MOOSE IS CLOSING
German Armies In Italy
Fed By Vital Rail-
way Branches

LONDON, Nov. 12.-F-
with a brilliant 48-hour burst
Of coordinated air power, Al
il lied heavy bombers ranging
thousands of miles from both
british and Mediterranean
bases closed a strangling grip
TODAY around the three most
important supply tunnels
feeding the German armies
embattled in Italy.
In a ,A00-mile round-trip
mission, Raj heavy bombers
last night crossed the whole
If France to smash the coas-
tai Riviera railway in the vi
entity of the resort city Of
Games, and in the preceding
hrlight Liberators of the
new American Fifteenth
Army Air Force operating
from the south attacked the
Antheor viaduct on the same
rail artery and also near
Cannes.
Liberators Cross Alps
The Liberators, whose attack
was announced at Allied headquar-
ters in Algiers today, crossed the
Alps to reach their target. A clus-
ter of bombs fell across the rail-
way ar the adjacent highway,
and both were believed to have
been cut. Another is Is miles west
Of Cannes.
These four engined American
bombers also bombed a ballbear-
ing plant and the railway yards
at Annecy, in the mountains of
southern France 80 miles below
the Swiss frontier.
It was the second successive
night that the big British bomb
ers were out in force breaking
up French bottlenecks for Ger
man supply trains. On Wednes-
day night the Raj in the greatest
force ever sent southwark closed
up the only other rail connection
ietween France and Italy, send
N! tons of high explosives down
lontinued on Page Six; Col. 81
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1943-11-13
harigny Quietly Defies
Request For Deportation

NASSAU, Bahamas, Nov. 12-R|
Alfred de Marigny quietly de-
tied today the murder trial jury
Which recommended that he be
deported from this British colony
and at the same time cleared
him Of the charge that he MUIR
aered his pretty wife's father, Sir
harry Cakes.
I'm staying in Nassau" he
'old reporters who had written
soout MS 22-day trial in the Ba-
Aamas Supreme court.
With him as he talked at his
Vic'Orla avenue cottage was his
vAe' Nancy, radiant with happi-
ness on the first day of freedom
nsf husband has known since he
was arrested July 9.
appearing rested and dapper in
lsuntlly checked jacket and light
"a tsa trousers, de Marigny was
1-oct O., enj Dying himself.
n, oneafs Of congratulatory cable
S-a.'s came to him during the
Jay a and ne was acclaimed by
crowds on the streets.
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1943-11-13
u. S. Destroyer Beatty
Lost In Mediterranean

WASHINGTON, Nov. IL. - up -
Loss Of the destroyer Beatty in
the Mediterranean as a result of
aerial bombing was announced to-
day by the Navy.
The 1700-ton Beatty went down
November 6, but no details were
given about the attack by German
planes.
The sinking brings to IL the
number of naval vessels lost in the
Mediterranean and to l29 all Am
erican naval losses since the war
started.
Comnunique No. 1872!
Mediterranean:
81. The destroyer U. S. S. Beatty
was sunk in the Mediterranean on
November 6, 1913, as a result Of
enemy aircraft action. The next
Of kin of the casualties aboard the
Beatty have been notified"
The Beatty was the fourth de.
stroyer announced lost this week.
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1943-11-13

and Parliament, has told the COM
mittee it "would not permit dis
orders in the Lebanon area"
Behind that lies primarily mill
tary rather than political circum-
stances. Lebanon and the rest Of
the Levant states are still in the
zone of Mediterranean military
operations, possibly if not prob
able bases of operation in the
event of extension of Allied in
vasion activities to the Balkans
or the Aegean theater.
Allied leadership can no more
permit activities of the French
committee to inflame the Arab
world or cause hind-the-line dis
orders in the Levant at this stage
Of the war than General Eisen-
hover could permit the controver-
sy between the de Gaulle and
Giraud factions in French North
Africa to interfere with his plans
for the invasion Of Sicily and
Continued on Page Six; Col. p
The Wilmington morning star. [volume] (Wilmington, N.C.) 1909-1990, 1943-11-13

have more than 300 well trained
divisions. Cat full strength tn S
would mean 4,50c,0 900 men, Rus
STA is keeping three-fourths of Hit
ler's army busy.
Production manpoWer and wo-
manpower - Employment in the
Reich's essential war industries
stands at $4,000 now as COM
pared with 100000 in 1899.
Food-Supplies are far better
than in the last war.
New weapons - German inven-
tiveness has turned up many new
models of tanks, self propelled
guns, rocket guns and some other
equipment better than the Allies.
Oil-Stocks have decreased but
Germany can lay hands on more
than enough. The Ploesti raid was
a severe, but not fatal, blow.
Other important fields-An ex-
cellent position on steel, heavy
output of coal, and rubber pro-
duction soon to NEE. almost all
needs for 100000 tons of synthet-
ic a year.
General Strong named the Ger
man air force as the weakest link
in Hitler's chain about Europe,
but even here he cautioned that
aircraft production gained Is per
cent during the first half OF 1913
and that while losses since July
have exceeded the rate OF pro-
duction, the heavy attrition rate
will have to be maintained.
And he added that while HAM
burg has been virtually elimlnat-
ed and the Ruhr valley produc-
ton was decreased by 80 per cent
last May and June. German dis
Continued on Page Six; Col. ID