davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-07-16

A combined force. naval, army and air, has
just effected landing in the New Georgia
islands.
However, landings such as those now N
progress there can only be successful wh1D
the attacking side has clear naval and air
superiority over the defense. Otherwise, 1t
will suffer from enemy land bases close at
hand and from both surface and submarine
vessels emerging from strong nearby enemy
base.
1t is certain that the American Army has
made the same elaborate preparations for
beach landings and assaults in the Pacific
that it has made for similar assaults on Medi-
terranean islands or the Mediterranean coast
of the European continent.
At least it can be announced that the
army has built great numbers of specially
designed landing bafges to put-assaulting
parties ashore and TO give both greater
attacking power to these parties and protect
them while on the perilous movement from
transports to beach and TO make this danger
Gus trip as brief as strong motor power can
supply.
These landing barges vary in size from
small vessels holding 25 or 30 men and which
presumably form the first wave of attack, up
TO barges holding considerable numbers Of
troops, and, finally sea-going carriers bear
ing tanks and medium artillery.
DARGES of a simple character were used
ID in the first World War although when
the British army landed at Gallipoli they
were unprovided. In fact, old shallow
draft steamer, the RIVER CLYDE, carrying
over 1000 men, was driven right upon the
sands from which the men waded ashore
Other troops were landed by ordinary ship
boats which lost heavily by having hung on
barbed wire entanglements set in the surf
and by exposure 10 fire. n
The loss of life from machine gun mes !
and from few field guns within effective
firing range of the beach caused heavy initial
casualties among the British forces. BY pluck
and heroism men were landed and found
shelter under the cliffs Of the shore.
This was the initiation of modern Mill
tary devices in landing directly under strong
FIRE. To improve landing methods the British
army later built special barges with pro-
tective ramps. These were called beetles"
They were the prototypes If the present
landing boats and barges devised by our
army.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-07-16

THESE American barges are selfpropelled
i by powerful engines. All doubtless have
some armor protection. All have heavily
plated ramps, to be dropped from the square
bows and 10 facilitate debarkation, but when
lifted are able 10 shield the troops standing
in the open holds behind them.
Besides being self-propeed these barges
are maneuverable, can probably avoid smell
FIRE by zig tagging and varying their courses.
Our troops have been deliberately equipped
for landing assaults and for the gaining Of
beachheads where the assaults succeed. Every
type Of weapon that may assist in these land
ings has been devised tested and supplied
Troops who will engage in this hazardous
type Of warfare have been thoroughly trained.
They have been practiced in all details Of
occupying barges, in arranging themselves
and their weapons in the barges, and for the
fast and perilous attacks as they drive onto
the shore.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-07-16

This IL The Readers Column. No
subjects within good taste are
barred. Say what sea think, but
sign your name and address-and
write as briefly as you can.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-07-16

and work out a definite, COM
plete program so that every one
involved would know precisely
what is expected of him and
what he is to do.
Until this is done, no conf
dent solution seems possible.
The administration undoubtedly
will get around to it eventually.
but probably not until forced
by the pressure of events yet
to come.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-07-16

THE extraordinary feature of this war is
the fact that American armies can only
come to grips with the enemy by expeditions
across the worlds two greatest oceans. Our
armies, which have to go by sea, have to be
large enough and powerful enough to attack
with success two of the most formidable
armies in the world
The supply problem or "logistics the
art of moving men and supplies in warts
for us a most formidable job, never before
undertaken on like scale and never before
believed possible.
What is called the Zone of the interior"
the source of all that armies require, is for
us separated by the earth's broadcast oceans
from the theaters of operation where we
intend to give offensive battle.
But for the enemy, his zones of the
interior are at hand. Immediately behind
his fighting front, at least in the case of
Germany, armies can be served by railroad
lines and motor routes that are relatively
short distances from the distribution points,
wherefrom fighting troops are served.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-07-16
The World in ReUieU
Beetles and Barges
BY MAI. GEN DAVID PRESCOTT BARROWS

uhorty University California
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-07-16

DUT this logistical problem, unprecedentedly
ID great though il is, is not the whole of our
embarrassment, for after crossing the seas,
and even though attack can be launched
across the comparatively narrow waters of
the British Channel and the Mediterranean
our armies will have to land from ships on
coasts we'll organized to destroy landing
parties even before they make the shore.
In 1847, Gen. Winfield Scott landed an
American army of more than 10000 men
three and half miles below the port of Vera
Cruz and after landing captured the enemys
city and port with its ancient Spanish castle
of San Juan de Ulua.
The landing of troops was effected IL
single day, using about 65 surf boats holding
so to so soldiers apiece, which had been towed
TO the point of invasion by the naval vessels
which escorted the expedition. 1t was sue
cessful and for its time, a remarkable
achievement.
But the debarkation was unopposed.
SCOTS landing place was beyond the range
of the guns of Vera Cruz Notifications and
the Mexican garrison remained in the city
The troops won their beachhead without
resistance and were covered by the guns Of
the American feet.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-07-16

NOTHING of this kind can be expected
~ when the troops of the United Nations
cross the Mediterranean or the British
Channel 1t must be assumed that every
practical landing beach on the thousands of
miles of coast that encirce Hitler's fortress
of Europe is covered by close-beach defenses.
The situation may be somewhat different
in the great extent of the Pacific Ocean over
which we are now contending with Japan.
Landings may probably be effected without
encountering beach defense by reason of the
fact that the islands are so numerous and
the forces of Japan inadequate to occupy
them ALL
This was true at Attu, where Massacre
Bay was left open and afforded an undisputed
landing area for the American assault.
IN THE tropical seas on both sides Of the
i equator, islands are innumerable. Only
certain ones can be garrisoned and present
an organized resistance to offensive landings.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-07-16

(Answers on Opposite Page)
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-07-16

Nothing could he a better
harbinCer Of success for our
campaign.
Distributed hy Klas Features synd Inc.
Reproduction In whole or in part
siNrtlY prnhlhtrd
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-01-03

Fuel Oil-Coupon No. is valid for
10 gallons of fuel oil through
January IS
Coupon No 3 is valid for 10
gallons of oil until midnight to-
night; after that, and through
February Is, it is good for nine
gallons
Gasoline-All No. "A" coupons,
good for three gallons each, are
good through January 2l
b and &C. coupons expire
according to the dates indicated
on each individual book and are
now worth gallons each.
Applications for B" and &C"
books, which have been suspend
ed since the gasoline holiday two
weeks ago. will now be received
again at area rationing boards
Tires-Passenger cars must be in
spected before January 81 In
the District. passenger cars with
the following license numbers are
due to report from tomorrow
through Thursday: 10,00l to
10000; 5OOOl to $4,000; S2S.5O1
to S2S.800 and DPLl to DPL600
The following commercial vehicles
are also scheduled to report for
inspection between tomorrow and
Thursday: Bl, 40l to V4,100 and
MOI to MC450.
The fonowing passenger cars are
due to report from Friday through
January IL: 72,40l to $4,000.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-01-03
GHoud Wants Accord
With All Anti-Nozjs e,

ALGIERS, Jan. 2 (P.-Gen. Henri
Girauds French African regime
wants Ito come to an agreement with
all Frenchmen who are fighting
against Germany a spokesman said
today when asked about the pros
pect of an understanding with Gen.
Charles De Gaulles Fighting French.
A French African government
spokesman told a press conference
OF American and British CORE
spondents that it was the policy
OF the Giraud government to
broaden the basis of its repre-
sentation Of various French ele-
ments as soon as possible and he
gave an assurance that pro-Allied
political prisoners arrested before
the Allied landings all will be re-
leased as soon as an investigation
OF their cases is made.
Persons Arrested Before November 3.
The spokesman disclosed that the
prisoners freed in New Year
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-01-03
Cornell Professor
SaysA. Suit Violates
Policy Of Congress
Law Instructor Advises
Justice Department
To Halt Proceedings
BY the Associated Press.

by ire Associated Press.
ITHACA, N. Y, Jan. 2.-The
Justice Department monopoly suit
against the Associated Press Is
contrary to the distinct policy Of
Congress-" Cornell University law
professor believes.
1t is the patriotic duty" of the
Justice Department to secure a
stay of the proceedings, Prof.
George Jarvis Thompson wrote in
the current issue of the Cornell Law
Quarterly.
He declared Congress enacted a
law suspending running of the
statute of limitations on antitrust
prosecutions until June 30, 1915, or
until such earlier time designated
by Congress or the President, and
limiting prosecutions and civil
actions under the antitrust laws
or Federal Trade Commission Act.
Asserting the Associated Press was
simply carrying on its business as
it had done, as had been regarded
legal, for the entire so years Of the
Sherman Act, Mr.. Thompson askedI
Therefore. why such an attack in
the midst of war and contrary to
the distinct policy of Congress '''7"
Surely the world wide, rapid and
accurate garnering of information
for our Government and our people
may fairly be claSsed as an essential
weapon of modern warfare he con-
tinued, and it would seem the
patriotic duty OF the Department Of
Justice to secure stay of such
proceedings on its own initiative"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-01-03
Clerics 10 Honor Memory
OF Father Ledochowski

The Most Rev. Michael J. Curley
archbishop of Baltimore and Wash
ington. will be the celebrant of a
solemn pontffical requiem mass to
be offered at $50 am tomorrow
IN st. Aloysius Church for the re-
pose of the soul of the Very Rev.
Vlodimir Ledochowski, general of
the Society Of Jesus.
Church dienitaries attending will
include the Most Rev. Athlete Gio-
vanni Cicognani, the apostolic dele
gate to the United States; the Very
Rev. Lawrence c. German, S. j.,
president of Georgetown University :;
the Very Rev, Vincent L. Keelan,
S. j., vice provincial of the Mary
landNew York Province of the
Jesuits; the Ri Rev. Msgr. Edward
l.. Buckley, rector of St. Matthews
Cathedral: the Rt. Rev. Patrick j.
Mccormick. acting rector of Catho-
lie University; the Very Rev. Adrian
T. English, 0. P. prior of the Do
minican House of Studies at Cath
Ole University; the Very Rev. Will
liam J. Dacey, o. S. A., prior of the
Augustinian College of Catholic
University; the Rev. Herbert Gal
lagher, o. F. NJ. vice commissary
of the Franciscan Monastery; the
Rev. Walter j. Schmitz, S. S., and
the Rev. Edward A. Fuller, S. J.
The Rev. James J. McLarney. o.
p. will deliver the sermon and the
Woodstock Seminary choir of 20
voices under the direction of the
Rev. William K. Trivett. S. j., will
sing the mass of REQUIEM. Preced-
ing the mass, the Office OF the dead
will be chanted.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-01-03

order by Gen. Giraud were all ar
rested prior to November 8. the
date OF the Allied invasion, and thus
tailed to include those seized be-
cause Of what Gen. Giraud said
was plot to assassinate himself
and Robert Murphy. the personal
envoy of President Roosevelt.
In reply to questions concerning
a possible agreement between his
government and Gen. de Gaulle's
Fighting French group, the spokes-
man said:
IT'S the definite desire OF the
people at the head of the affairs
OF North Africa to come to an agree
ment with all Frenchmen who are
fighting against Germany.
1T is our most fervent wish, as
we assume it is Gen. de Gaulle's.
that there be complete unity be-
tween us SO we can fight Germany
together"
Asked if he believed more arrests
would be needed to maintain public
order the spokesman answered, Il
think there will be very few now"
Procedure Not New.
He asserted the procedure used
in this weeks arrests, which Gen.
Giraud had said was required to
maintain order and prevent further
assassinations, was mot new in
France"
1T is known as administrative
internment, and is used to remove
rather than arrest people who may
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-01-03
Reminders on Rutionino

The following commercial vehicles
are scheduled for tire inspections
during the same period: C30l to
C3.000 KT76 to KT225, ATT to
AT250 and BIT to BT5O.
Sugar-Coupon No. 10 in War Ra-
tioning Book No. l is good for
three pounds of sugar through
January 81.
For institutional and industrial
users, application for January
February allotments may be made
through Tuesday without pro rata
deductions being made.
Cofee-Stamp No. q, good for one
pound of coffee. in War Ration
Book No. expires at midnight
tonight.
Stamp No. %, also good for one
pound of coffee becomes valid,
and will continue so through
February 7.
Institutional users may make
application for their February
March allotments from January
Is through February 5 without
any deductions on pro rata
basis.
Retailers and wholesalers NAV
have coffee delivered against pur-
chase warrants through January
20, This is an extension of 80 days
from the Drayio,lc dofo
Ration Book No. This must be
obtained by January Is. Everyone
must surrender Ration Book
No. to obtain the point-system
ration books now being prepared
StOves-All coal-fired and oil-heated
stoves have been subject to ra-
tioning since December 10. and
certificates for their purchase
must be obtained from area ra-
tioning boards.
Observation-Disclosures of non-port-
ables are banned on machines
manufactured before 1894.
Beginning February /, rentals of
non-portables. made between 1927
and 1884 may BE rented to civilians
only when certificates are obtained
from rationing boards.
Rentals of non-portables may
still be made for a six-month
period, Of typewriters made be-
tween 1927 and 1884. Most port
ables made since 1885 may also
be rented on the same basis.
Mems Rubber Boots and Rubber
Work ShoeeCertificates for. the
purchase Of these items must be
-. obtained from rationine boards.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-01-03
Island Where Time Stood Still
Now Is CROSSROADS of World
Bermuda the 'PeorI Horbor of the Atlantic,
Teens With Thousands Of Troops, Workers

tourists these charms brought to
them.
But there are no tourists in Ber-
muda now The great pink, yellow
and coral hotels overlooking the tur-
quoise bays either are empty or have
been taken over by British or Ameri-
can military services.
This may mean the end of the
old Bermuda. The prospect stirs
both hope and alarm. Once the
auto has gotten a foothold. con-
sentative Bermudians fear, it will
be impossible to get rid of it. Estab-
lishment of the Army and Navy
bases have more or less permanently
altered the face of the island. There
is every prospect that they will re-
main major enterprises for many
years after the war and that Ber-
muda must look to them for a new,
and probably more stable, sort of
prosperity.
The relations between American
soldiers and sailors and the native
Bermudians have been excellent
With many of the peace-time tour
list attractions suspended, life ma
turally is somewhat dull for the
boys from the States and MANY of
them chafe for action in some more
lively, If less secure. spot. But prob
ably no finer, cleaner lot of men
ever has represented Uncle Sam on
foreign soil than the blue Jackets
and Navy flyers under the command
Of Rear Admiral Jules James and
the soldiers commanded by Brig
Gen. Alden G. Strong.
Construction Workers.
In addition there have been thou
sands Of civilian construction work.
ers brought in from the States and
there has been hardly a single case
of conflict with the people of the
island.
Bermuda recognizes its own stra-
tegic Importance In the past of
course, it has relied largely on the
United States for many of the
necessities of life. At the crest of
the submarine campaign there were
times when these were reduced to
a very low point.
Now, at least as far as Bermuda
is concerned, this has been quite
effectively overcome. Eighteen
months ago the island virtually was
unprotected. Today it is becoming
rapidly one Of the Western Henri
spheres most powerful naval bases.
Over a great expanse the ocean is
surveyed constantly from the air for
lurking submarines.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-01-03
Women 10 Comprise Half
OF Britain's War. Workers

BY the Associated Press
The Office of War Information
said yesterday that employment OF
women in British war production
and essential civilian services was
growing to the point where female
workers soon would equal the num-
Der of men.
More than 40 per cent of all
British war production workers are
women, Owl said. Aircraft plants
have particularly large forces of
women, with 100 per cent of the
welding, detail fitting and sub
assembly done by them. In one
plant 80 per cent of the riveters
are women.
Out of approximately 1000 en-
ployes on British railroads, los 900
s"e women, the report said.
The Owl added that "today's
picture of British women at work
is likely to reflect much of tomor-
rows picture of American women
at work"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-01-03
BY THOMAS r. HENRY,

! HAMILTON, Bermuda by MaiD
This erstwhile luxurious winter
resort of the Western Atlantic,
where time was brought to a stand
still In the early 18th century, is at
the crossroads of its history.
The establishment, under terms
OF 99-year lease, OF American
Navy and Army bases here, is in
volving titanic engineering opera
tions which, together with United
States soldiers and sailors throng-
ing the roads and villages, are Great
ing tremendous impact on estab-
lished ways OF life.
Bermuda finds itself one Of the
strategic spots of the earth. There
is every prospect that it will remain
so not only throughout the war but
for generations to come. For the
defense Of the East Coast of the
United States 1t is in much the
same position as is Hawaii in de-
Tense OF the West Coast. The term
Pearl Harbor of the Atlantic" often
is used. So long as Bermuda re-
mains securely defended, enemy air
attacks on the great Atlantic Coast
cities, including Washington, are
virtually impossible IN the hands
OF a foe it would be a spearhead
pointed at the heart of America.
Always Steppingstone.
1t also finds itself crossroads Of
the world, an essential steppingstone
OF air traffic across the Atlantic.
Almost daily world known figures
are landed here to chafe impatiently
at weather or trafflc- imposed delays
to their missions and the problems
OF the world are settled nightly in
its cafes. But for Bermuda itself
sort OF second cousin Of Virginia
in its history and ethnic makeup
the transition Is far from easy.
Much Of the charm of the island
has been due to absence OF the
nerve-wracking noise and speed Of
the mid-twentieth century. 1t has
been place of escape not only
into April from the cold and storms
OF January but into an earlier and
simpler way of life.
The private automobile. for ex-
ample, has been prohibited. No
gas fumes mingled with the zepher-
waited fragrance of the oleanders.
There was no clashing of brakes to
break the quiet of hibiscus bordered
country roads or old-world gardens.
The populace has thrived on the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-01-03
The Stars Great Carrier Service

OF THE STARS total circulation of over ONE HUNDRED
EIGHTY THOUSAND 100000, ONE HUNDRED FORTY
THOUSAND 4oo0o) copies delivered every evening and
Sunday morning to regular subscribers by more than 400
carrier boys.
Although the carriers than before hun
dreds have left their jobs usually held by men
who have gone to War in Defense New boys have
taken their places subscriber you urged to encour
age your carrier and explain to him you him to
serve you Remember schools closing now and
delivery is somewhat delayed in some sections
Please the carrier collector the he calls
or leave the money him ask him to call back
If it can be avoided
The Star is proud Of its service in these dicu times
when frequent changes and mistakes unavoidable Re-
strictons gasoline and rubber reduced The Stars
total truck mileage by 4oE delivery service although
greatly curaied is well maintained subscribers
goes on every day rain shine with interruptions and
at lower cost for newspaper delivery service any
other large city in the United States.