davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1943-05-19
Observers Say Allies
Are Firm on Policy
OF Beating Nazis First
New Blows Before Foe
Receivers From Tunisio
Defect Emphasized
Hy the Associated Press.

BY the ASSOCldtcu fTcso.
Destruction of the European Axis
still is the first objective of Allied
strategy, informed persons report,
and there will be no shift to con-
centrate forces against Japan until
Germany has been smashed.
The criticism by Senator Chand-
Ter, Democrat, of Kentucky of Great
Britain's part in the Pacific war
and Of Russia's failure to enter it,
as well as his demand that the high
command turn the weight of Allied
might against Japan, brought no
comment" from military quarters.
However, the decision of Allied
strategists to continue pressing the
war home to Germany and Italy,
and a number of reasons in support
of such a decision, were reported
Yesterday by persons usually in
souch with the agencies mapping
the war for the Allies.
Importance Not Minimized.
These persons, who cannot be
further identified. said there was
no disposition to minimize the i'm
portance of the struggle against
Japan. On the contrary, there were
suggestions that fighting equipment
to step up the pace of the Pacific
war is being supplied in greater
amounts already. The conferences
between the President and Prime
Minister Churchill-with the pres
ence of Asiatic theater commanders
pointedly announced-were taken as
an indication that the overall pro-
gram has reached stage of
detailed planning for operations
against the Japanese.
AS for suggestions that Britain,
after defeat of the Axis in Europe.
might leave the United States to
carry virtually the entire burden
against Japan, these observers noted
that Britain's stake in the Far East
is much greater than that c the
United States.
Among the reasons suggested 4or
holding to the original decision to
defeat Germany first were these:
Cd Germany and Italy. having
lost the initiative in the Mediter-
ranean and Western Europe, should
be given no opportunity to recover
from their Tunisian defeat. 1t is
easier to smash them now than to
let them rebuild their strength.
(2) A major offensive is no over
night planning job. but requires at
least six months detailed prepara-
ton. Plans for the European in
vasion, already in advanced stages,
could be abandoned only with an
appalling waste of time, training,
supplies and communication facili-
ties.
Allies Have Advantage.
The first of these, it was suggested
Is q military truism - since the
Allies possess the advantage, the
obvious thing to do is to press that
advantage.
I'VE have them on the run now
and ought to keep them running,
one person observed.
The second reason was said to be
Evening star., 1943-05-19
Senator Tydings that Mr.. 1ckes' let
ter reflected his views.

Senator 1yd1ngs that Mr.. 1ckes' let
ter reflected his views.
"On the basis of q limited study
of the situation in Puerto Rico when
I was there a few weeks ago, I am
strongly of the opinion that no at
tempt should be made at this time
to resolve the question Of Puerto
Rico's ultimate status" he said.
His observations in Puerto Rico,
he said, indicated that the business
and financial community seem to be
strongly against independence now
Il have no doubt that there are
some people in Puerto Rico who
favor independence on any terms"
he continued, but I suspect they
constitute negligible percentage OF
the people"
Senator Tydings also made public
statements of Senator Adolfo Gar
clio We've; Juan Pedrosa, San Juan
city commissioner; Antonio A. Roig,
OF Humancao, and Lopez Dominguez
OF Manati, manager of sugar mill,
opposing the bill. All contended the
measure was unwanted, unfair and
would adversely effect island econ
omy.
Evening star., 1943-05-19
Science Viewed asAid
In Attainment Of
World Brotherhood
Christiuns and Jews
Conference Sponsors
PuneI Discussion

Science can assist religion in
realizing the goal of the brother
hood Of man. 1t was agreed at a
panel discussion last night spon-
sored by the Washington Round
Table of the National Conference
of Christians and Jews.
Values which came out of Pal
estine, asserted DR.. Paul F. Douglass,
president of American University,
should be maintained as the COM
mon task of Christians and Jews
alike. Higher than purity of race, "
he said. 'is purity of the human
Evening star., 1943-05-19
Color Prints Exhibited

An exhibit of color prints depict
Ing life in America, loaned by the
Metropolitan Museum of Art, are on
display at the Franklin Sherman
School at Mclean, Va. The exhibit
was arranged by Miss Anna Day,
fifth grade teacher.
Evening star., 1943-05-19
be utilized to build the postwar

world.
DR.. Harold Gosnell, University Of
Chicago professor of sociology, and
at present making analytical studies
for the Budget Bureau, contended
that scientific studies of public atti-
tudes could be used to help pro-
mote better world understanding.
To offset anti-Semitism, he sug-
gested truth and an appeal to the
American sense of fair play as
effective methods.
Evening star., 1943-05-19

Don't lose hope til you've tried a
Star Want Ad." MA. 5000,
Evening star., 1943-08-19

and carried to the PIT base a mes
sage 1t. Kennedy crudely cut on 4
green coconut husk.
Chronologically. 1t. Kennedy,
Thorn and the crewmen told the
story this way:
-Four Japanese destroyers came
down the Blackett Strait around the
south coast of Kolombangara Is
land about 2:30 am. on August 2.
In two phases OF confused en-
gagement, the PTS claimed three
hits and three probable hits on one
OF the enemy ships.
1t, was while the destroyers were
returning, probably after delivering
supplies and re-enforcements near
Japan's base at Villa, on Kolomban-
CARA, that the enemy ship rammed
the Kennedy boat. Ross and 1t.
Kennedy saw the destroyer coming.
AT first I thought it was a PIT"
1t. Kennedy said. Il think it was
going at least 40 knots. AS soon as
decided it was a destroyer, I turned
to make torpedo run.
But 1t. Kennedy, lean and nick
named "Shafty" by his mates,
quickly realized the range was too
short for the torpedo to charge and
explode.
Gasoline Flaming on Water.
The destroyer then turned
straight for U.s." he said.
1T all happened so fast there
wasn't a change to do a thing. The
destroyer hit our starboard forward
gun station and sliced right through.
l was In the cockpit. I looked up
and saw a red glow and streamlined
stacks. Our tanks were ripped open
and gas was flaming on the water
about 20 yards away.
Mcmahon, Zinser, Harris and
Johnston had been spilled in the
water, some on one side of the de-
stroyer, some on the other. Thorn
swan out after Johnston. Ross
went after zinser.
1t Kennedy went out to get Nc
Mahon, who had been at the engine
station and was knocked into the
water in the midst of flaming
gasoline.
mcmahon and I were about an
hour getting back to the boat" 1t.
Kennedy said. (Watertight bulk
heads kept the bow afloat. There
was very strong current"
After getting Mcmahon aboard,
1t. Kennedy swan out again to get
Harris
The skipper and his men shouted
Evening star., 1943-08-19
and called for the two missing men,
but could get no response.

put COulu keL I1O response.
Expected Capture in Morning.
I'VE seemed to be drifting toward
Kolombangara," he said. I'VE fig
ured the Japs would be sure to get
us In the morning, but everybody
was tired and We slept"
Just before dawn the current
changed to carry the survivors away
from the japanese held coast. About
2 pm. 1t. Kennedy decided to
abandon the bow section and try to
reach a small island.
He swan to the island towing Nc
Mahon. The others clung to a plank
and swan in group. It took about
three hours to make it.. The men
stayed on this island until Wednes-
day when all coconuts on the
islands two trees had been eaten.
Late that afternoon they swan
to a larger island, where there. were
plenty of cocoanuts.
But 1t was tough at night on the
boys who were hurt because of the
rain and cold" 1t. Kennedy said.
At night he put on a lifebelt and
swan into Ferguson Passage to try
to signal an expected PIT boat.
Natives Provided Meal.
One night "Shafty had a hell of a
time" Thorn said. The current
carried him hell-and-gone and he
didn't get back to US until noon of
the next day"
The two natives found the survivor
group Thursday afternoon. On Sat-
urday morning a large canoe loaded
with natives brought food and q
small kerosene stove and gave the
men real meal and hot coffee
That night a little after midnight
our rescue boat guided by a native
pilot went in the twisting passages
to make contact with Kennedy on
an outer island.
1t. Henry j. Brantingham,
Fayetteville, Ark, Philippine
Islands PIT boat veteran, directed
the rescue boat mission. 1t. q. -
Bill Liebenow, Fredericksburg, Va,
was the rescue boats skipper and
1t. q. g. John william RUN, Chi
cago. was executive officer.
Evening star., 1943-08-19
Gasoline CONSUMPTION
In East Held Threat 10
End Of Driving Ban
PAW Says Stocks Were
Overdrown by 22,700
BorreIs Daily Lost Week

Eastern motorists had further
warning today that it may not
be possible to lift the pleasure
driving ban September l unless
they abide by restrictions, as the
Petroleum Administration for
War disclosed that gasoline
stocks in the East declined last
week.
Ralph X. Davies, deputy petro-
leum administrator. declared that
the stocks we're overdrawn 22.7O0
barrels day last week. He said
if the trend is continued it will
obviously delay the time when more
liberal supplies of gasoline can be
made available tor civilian use"
Mr.. Davies said the decline in
the flow Of petroleum products to
the East in the last three weeks
was caused in part by Gulf Coast
hurricane and in part by the neces-
sity of filling the Eastern end of
the big Inch" pipeline. In addi-
ton. he declared that military re-
quirements have mounted until
they take approximately a third of
all the gasoline produced east of
the Rockies and are expected to
rise still further.
The Office of Price Administra-
ton, which has the job of dis
tributing gasoline supplies allotted
by PAW, was silent as to the effect
OF the decline in stocks on mo-
torists' supplies. There was little
official information to indicate to
Eastern car owners just what to
expect next month, when they have
been promised lifting Of the
pleasure ban and slight increase
in rations if they ARE good"
Before releasing the weekly East
ern petroleum supply bulletin, the
PWA had appeared more optimistic
ABOUT the gasoline situation. A
statement was issued saying that
the big Inch" was moving more
oil than was expected on the leg
from Texas to the Midwest and that
oil had started to flow from the
Eastern terminus of the line.
iNA1 AdFACS Sdlu Clldt StOCkS III Llle
East available to civilians declined
last week to 34.5 per cent OF normal.
A chart prepared by his Office
showed that military demand would
take 30.6 per cent OF total gasoline
produced East of the Rockies dur
ing the remainder of this year, 37.6
per cent next year and 1915 per cent
in 1S45. Last year 1t absorbed only
l2.5 per cent.
Plane Demands Large.
Military demand includes gaso-
line for airplares, ships, tanks, trucks
and other vehicles. Big bombers
alone consume staggering amounts
of fuel, most of which is shipped
from the East.
Authorities say that each of the
planes that participated in Tues
days raid on Southeastern Germany
and on Nazi airdromes in Southern
France burned a weight of gasoline
equal to the weight of its engines
for each two hours in the air.
If only 200 Flying Fortresses took
part in the raids. their combined
gasoline consumption amounted to
some 100000 gallons, or as much as
100000 A coupons would be worth
in the East.
Evening star., 1943-08-19
Joseph Kennedy's Son Saved
As Jops Run Down PIT Boat
Young Skipper ond
10 of Crew Stranded
On Enemy Isle
By LEFT ERICKSON,


UNITED STATES TORPEDO
BOAT BASE, New Georgia, Aug.
3 Delayed Out Of the dark
ness a Japanese destroyer ap-
peared suddenly. 1t sliced dag
onally in two the PIT boat skip
pered by 1t. q. g.)l John F.
Kennedy, son of Joseph P. Ken
nedy, former American Ambas-
sador to Britain.
Crews of two other PIT boats, pa
trolling close by, saw flaming high
octane gasoline spread over the wa
ter. They gave up as certainly
killed that black morning of Mon
day, August 2, Skipper Kennedy and
all his crew.
But 1t. Kennedy, 26, and 10 of
his men were rescued today from 4
small coral island deep inside Japa-
nese-controlled Solomons territory
and within range Of enemy shore
guns.
was aboard the PIT boat making
the rescue, daring and skillful bit
Of navigation through reef-choked
waters off Ferguson Passage. Fer
guson Passage is between Gizo and
Wanawawa Islands in the New
Georgia group)
Two men of It. Kennedys crew
were lost when the enemy destroyer
rammed the boat at a speed esti-
mated by the skipper at 40 knots.
Those who survived with 1t. Ken
nedy We're: Ensign Leonard Thorn,
Sandusky, Ohio, executive offlcer
and former Ohio State tackle; En-
sign George Henry Robertson (Bar-
ney) Ross, Highland Park, ILL.,: Ma
chinist's Mate Patrick H. Mcmahon,
80, Los Angeles; Machinist's Mate
Gerald E. zinser, Belleville, ILL.,;
Gunner's Mate Charles Harris, Bos-
ton; Radioman John Mcguire. Hast
ings-on-the-H Hudson, N. Y; Machin-
lists Mate William Johnston, Dor
chester, Mass; Ordinanceman Ed
mond Mowrer, st. Louis; Torpedo
man Roy L. Starkey, Garden Grove,
Calf, and Seaman tFirst Class
Raymond Albert, Cleveland.
Mcmahon was burned badly on
his face, hands and arms. Although
the burns were infected by salt
water and exposure, he did not once
utter word of complaint.
"McMahon's terrific guy" 1t.
Kennedy said. 1T was something
which really got you seeing old Mac
Lie there"
Never Complained Of Pain.
you could see he was suffering
such pain that his lips twitched and
his hands trembled," Thorn added.
You'd watch him and think if you
were in his place you'd probably be
yelling, Why doesn't somebody do
something?' But every time you
asked Mac how he was doing he'd
wrinkle his face and give you a
grin"
Zinser suffered burns on both
arms. Johnston. a tough little fell
low called Jockey" was sickened
by fumes he inhaled. Ross was un-
hurt, but coral infected his arm after
he was rolled on a reef by wave.
All the others came through their
experience without injury.
On three nights, 1t. Kennedy,
once backStroke man on the Har-
ward swimming team, swan out into
Ferguson Passage hoping to flag
down PIT boats going through on
patrol. Ross did the same one
other night. But they made no
contacts.
On the afternoon OF the fourth
day two natives found the survivors
Evening star., 1943-08-19
Americans in Sicily Tell CoIorfuI Stories
OF Heroic and Humorous Acts They Witnessed
BY T. r. HENRY,
Star Staff Correspondent.

WITH ADVANCED TACTICAL
AIR FORCE LIA1SON, 7th Army,
Sicily Front, Aug. 6 (Delayed).-
The 45th Divisions battle in a
grove of olives, otherwise known
as Bloody Ridge" seems likely
to prove one of the most colorful
Of the war.
Reports OF individual exploits Of
men under fire for the first time
are now coming in.
The battle took place from
Thursday TO Saturday of last week,
the Germans being met in hand-to-
hand fighting in a struggle over
nearly unclaimable rocks.
Outstanding among the exploits
reported toGay is that of an Okla
homa sergeant's platoon. The men
had paused to rest during lull in
the fighting and awakened in con-
fusion when they were brought sud-
denly under machine gun and NOR
tar fire.
Although the foe virtually sur
rounded the unit, the sergeant, who
is quick thinker, got his men
organized After half hours
fight, the foe was stopped cold, but
early in the struggle the sergeant
was put out of action by three
shrapnel wounds. Then a fellow
Oklahoman, Sergt. Kibby, took over
and led bayonet and pistol charge
which completely routed the enemy.
Sergeants Win Praise.
The work of the two sergeants
has been singled out for special
praise for it is considered that but
for their action the detachment al
most certainly would have been
wiped out.
Weary troops returning from the
front also tell of the bravery of a
Wisconsin soldier, Harold McKillip,
a member Of light machine-gun
company, which was ordered to ad-
vance up rolling stone slope in a
dawn attack. Soon the company
came under fire and three pieces of
shrapnel pierced the Wisconsin
mans helmet and LOGGED in his
head. Despite his wounds, he kept
on for four miles, although he was
carrying a heavy tripod on his
shoulder. He made no mention of
his injury until medical sergeant
noticed blood leaking out Of his
helmet.
Despite wars grimness, some hui
morous episodes also are. taking
place. One Of these involves Capt.
Abe Henson of Oklahoma City, who
encountered platoon car with
Evening star., 1943-08-19

Italian officers just outside the
mountain town of Castelbuono.
They sought to surrender themselves
and the towns garrison Of 200
troops.
Surrender in Style.
The Italians were prepared to give
up without a struggle, the officers
told Capt. Henson, provided he
would agree to arrange a surrender
ing ceremony consistent with Ital-
ian dignity and honor. After ne
gotiations were completed, the cere-
mony was set for two hours later in
order to permit the officers to doll
themselves up!
A similarly humorous experience
was that OF 1t. w. E. Underwood
Evening star., 1943-08-19
Inquest Slotted Today
In Boys Truffic Deuth

A coroner's inquest was scheduled
for 1880 am. today as the after
math Of q truck-taxicab collision
Monday In which John B. Wofden,
Is, OF 26o7 Upshur street. Brentwood,
Md, lost his life.
The boy. passenger In the truck.
was thrown clear by the impact, but
was crushed to death under the
cab. The collision occurred AZ
Tennessee avenue and @ street NE.
Evening star., 1943-08-19
Pacific
NCOnClnUed From F1rSt PARe.)
Lavella as yet, but that there is un-
questionably small groups OF the
Japanese on the island"
Toll of Japanese Planes
At Wewok Raised to us
Continued From First Page }

ALLIED HEADQUARTERS IN
THE SOUTHWEST PACIFIC, Aug.
10 P.-Japan's hour of reckoning
in Northeastern New Guinea-left
wing Of the Allies South Pacific Of
fensive-has been brought much
nearer by air blows too staggering
to permit early recovery.
At Wewak a once potent force of
225 planes was reduced to an i'm
potent 10 in two spectacular raids by
our bombers and fighters Tuesday
and yesterday. japanese flyers and
ground crewmen killed exceeded
1,500.
A communique from Gen. Doug
las MacArthur's headquarters also
reported that American warships on
Tuesday night intercepted four Jap
anese destroyers escorting barges
believed bound for the enemy's air
base at Villa on Kolombangara.
Three destroyers were hit and one
probably sunk, after which the ma
jority Of the barges were destroyed.
No American warship was dam
aged.
In the same area that night, jap
anees planes found an American
supply convoy Withdrawing from
Vella Lavella and succeeded in sink
ing small cargo ship
Down the coast $50 miles, the
japanese air base town of Salamaua
Is largely in ruins from more than
1000 tons of bombs dropped in the
last month by Americans and Aus
tralians.
Five miles below Salamaua, in the
jungies and on the mountain ridges,
japanese troops are fighting to keep
Allied jungle forces from capturing
the airdrome.
Bombed and machine gunned fire.
quently by Allied planes, these
troops have need Of air support such
as was wiped out on the ground at
| Wewak.
| They likewise need the supplies
and reinforcements which the Japa-
nese try to sneak down by barge and
small boat. Yesterday Allied planes
blew up several of these barges near
Salamaua. They also hit at least
four small coastal vessels. Across the
way on Southern New Britain, from
which many supply barges are moved
to Salamaua, II were destroyed or
damaged by medium bombers. Hun
dreds Of these barges have been sunk
or fired in the New Guinea-New
Britain coastal waters in recent
months.
On the alert all along the island
chain Of supply leading to Salamaua,
other Allied planes yesterday
bombed a 4,500-ton enemy freighter-
transport in waters between New
Britain and New Ireland
Gen. MacArthur's communique re-
ported that Allied bombers and
fighters went back yesterday to the
Wewak area airdromes where on
Tuesday all but So Of a fleet OF 225
enemy planes were either destroyed
or damaged. Thirty OF the So rose
to meet the raiders. Twenty eight
were shot down.
Then the raiders methodically
bombed and strafed the 'dromes for
hours until only 10 Of the feet rec
manned intact. They also set fire
to three ships in the harbor. In
this second raid, three Allied planes
were lost, making . total cost Of
six for the two raids.
Evening star., 1943-08-19

Of Poca City. Okla, who met the
captain OF an Italian company who
was looking for some one to whom
to surrender. He was prepared to
hand himself and his men into 1t.
Underwood's care when he saw the
American had only five men with
him. The Italian observed that to
surrender under such conditions
would ruin "his military career" and
insisted that the Americans sur
render instead, for the sake of his
dignity.
The whole proceeding was little
more than a formality because the
Americans were in turn set free by
men Of the 1st Division few hours
later.
Evening star., 1943-08-19
Increased Air Losses
Show Rise in Allied
Power, Army Says
Nv the Asxor;.,.d pr...

BY the Associated Press.
Mounting losses of Allied heavy
bombers over Europe, the Army Air
Forces said today. are-paradox-
ically-a sign Of increasing Allied
air might
They mean, said officers. that
Britain and America are sending
ever greater aerial armadas to blast
Germany and German occupied
Europe. Numerical losses are higher.
but the rate OF losses is not.
The comment was apropos of re-
ports that large numbers OF planes
failed to return from recent raids.
For instance, the Raj reported Al
bombers and one fighter lost In
Tuesday nights attack on Berlin and
Peenemuende; the United States 9th
Air Force reported 50 heavy bombers,
one fghter-bomber and fve fighters
missing in its attacks on Regensburg
and Schweinfurt.
Figures Analyzed. !,
Do these figures mean that Allied
losses are approaching the allow
able" rate at which bombing opera
tions cease to be profitable? Do
they mean that German opposition
Is increasing. or becoming more ef-
fective? The answer is mol"
Look" said one oficer, what is
an allowable rate of loss? Some
experts have said It's 10 per cent OF
the planes sent on mission, others
say per cent. In either case, it's
just lot of stuff.
"Statistically, there is only one
way to figure allowable loss. You
can afford to lose as many planes
and crews as you can replace, pro-
vided you get through to your target.
If you need 1000 planes to ac-
complish your job, and your produc-
tion is 1000 planes a day, then you
can lose 1000 planes to reach the
objective.
Allied Might Increases.
"Are Britain and America able to
replace their losses? The answer to
that is obvious-they are replac-
ing them and also increasing the
size of their forces"
So much for statistics on allow
able losses, but more important is
the morale Of the men flying and
fighting the bombers. No one, said
the airmen, has yet determined the
point at which the loss ratio begins
to affect the morale of the crews
unless it was the Germans in their
blitz against Britain.
| The Air Forces assume that at
some point the crews would lose
their confidence, possibly even their
willingness to start out, but it's
just an assumption. Much more i'm
portant to morale, say Officers, is
knowing that the assignment Is
carried out, regardless Of losses.
Know Job Is Being Done.
Its simple in place like Sicily
where the results are obvious to
every one," said one airman.
In Western Europe the results
are not so obvious, but, just the
same, the men know the job 1.
being done, and their morale Is ex-
tremely high"
And, anyhow, he added. the whole
question is academic, because, de-
Evening star., 1943-08-19
Guaranteed

to give better satisfaction than any other Flour
YOU have ever used or MONEY BACK-and
we mean just that-BETTER satisfaction or
MONEY BACK.
Evening star., 1943-08-19

spite the numerically greater losses,
the rate has not Increased.
In July the 8th Air Force lost
l08 heavy bombers, but dropped
$500 tons Of bombs son targets in
Europe and shot down 500 enemy
planes. The month before 1t lost
IS bombers, while dropping Ass
tons Of bombs and shooting down
304 enemy aircraft.