davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1943-02-15
BIackout Is Ordered
For Feb. u 10 Test
New Raid Signals
Doylieht Drill Is
Scheduled for March z;
Nearby Areas Included

A blackout, to be held between
8 and 10 pm. February % and
a daylight AFRAID drill between
2 and 4 pm. March were Or
dered by the Board of Commits
sioners today as a means of &C
quainting the public and the
protective services with the new
afraid signal system, which is
effective Wednesday.
At the same time, Commissioner
Young, acting as Civilian Defense
Co-ordinator for the Metropolitan
Area, called on defense command
ers in the Maryland and Virginia
portions of the area to arrange
similar tests during the same
periods. Military authorities have
approved the whole series, and COM
pliance is expected.
The Commissioners had planned
to have the blackout test the eve
ming of February "a but changed
the date to February % between the
same hours of and 10 pm, to
avoid confusion with registration
for war ration book No. 2.
The Commissioners also ordered
the public sounding, in abbreviated
fashion, of the new blue and red
signals, at noon, from this Wednes-
day through Saturday, as prelim-
mary training in advance of the
scheduled air-raid drills. These
noon signals, by air and steam
horns and by electric sirens. will
be sounded between 1901 and 1903
pm. for the blue, and between u :O4
and 1906 pm. for the red.
However, after Saturday, the noon
hour sounding of the blue and red
will be halted and then the District
Will revert to the past practice of
making a mechanical" equipment
test at noon with the sounding only
of single long blast.
The blue is a long steady blast
on sirens and horns. 1t indicates
that enemy planes are heading this
way"
The red is series of short blasts
on the horns and q long undulating
sounding of sirens. 1t indicates
enemy planes are almost overhead"
Evening star., 1943-02-15
High Court UphoIds =.
'Nueky' Johnson GULL
Ex-RepubIicun Boss of
Atlantic City Loses Appeal
Fy the Associated Press.

Fy the Associated Press.
The Supreme Court today up
held the conviction of Enoch L.
tNucky) Johnson, former At
lantic City Republican leader, on
a charge of evading Federal in
come taxes for 1886 and 1887.
Justice Douglas delivered the 6-to-o
opinion. Justices Murphy and Jack
son, former Attorneys General, did
not participate.
johnson was alleged to have failed
to report $l24,800 received from
those conducting the numbers game
for protection against police inter-
ference" He was charged with at
tempting to evade s38,7l6 of Federal
income taxes.
A l0-year prison sentence and
$4,000 fine were imposed. He has
served more than year at the Lew
isburg Federal Penitentinary
Johnson contended the Federal
District Court for New jersey had
Improperly permitted Governments
counsel to question him concerning
the receipt of money in 1888.
He also asserted that he had been
improperly excluded from the court
room. along with the Jury. while
lawyers argued the propriety of the
questioning about 1888 receipts.
Evening star., 1943-02-15
McNutt May Release
Supplemental LIST Of
Non-DeferrabIe Jobs
Urges Men Affected
By Work or Fight Order
To Find War Positions

War ManpoWer Chief Paul V.
McNutt may issue another list
of -deferrable jobs without
waiting for essential activities to
absorb those already on the non
deferrable list, he told his press
conference today.
He said he hoped all men in the
luxury activities who received their
work or fight" orders two weeks
ago would find jobs in critical &C
tivities.
Although he has not yet deter
mined how fast the United States
Employment Service could place
the mon n-deferrables," he said he
thought they all could be absorbed
in two months.
Mr.. McNutt made it clear, how
ever, that he had not set any time
limit on extending the work or
fight order.
Depends on Hardship.
Under questioning. Mr.. McNutt
admitted that married men with
children on the n-deferrable list
who find jobs in essential activities
may have only what amounts to a
stay of induction, since most mar
ried men with children, as he has
already pointed out, will be taken
into the service this year.
He pointed out, however, that by
going into essential activities, the
non n-deferrables would be making a
direct contribution to the war ef-
fort while they were still civilians.
Asked if man in a non-deferrable
activity would be taken into the
Army if he refused an out-of town
job, Mr. McNutt said that depended
on the amount of hardship involved
in individual cases.
That problem has been raised
both in Washington and in New
York where industrial activities are
limited and the men may not be
able TO find jobs at home.
Criticizes Kilday Bill.
The pending Kilday bill, which
would grant draft deferment to mar
ried men with dependents, would
make 1t difficult to operate selective
service, Mr.. McNutt said Later he
added that simple arithmetic made
it clear that it would be impossible
to operate without taking married
men, with or without children.
Asked if the Kilday bill would
make it necessary to take men be-
tween 80 and "A years, who now are
deferred by law, he said nothing was
pending at present but that it was
merely a matter of an executive
order" to start taking the senior
soldiers again.
Meanwhile. the House Military
Affairs Committee spedeed action
today on the Kilday bill after Selec-
tive Service and manpower officials
had served notice that most of the
tSee DRAFT. Page A-5D
Evening star., 1943-02-15
By NORMAN BELL,
Associated Press War Correspondent

Associated Press War Correspondent.
WITH THE U. S. FLEET IN
THE SOUTH PACIFIC, Feb. IS
The japanese Navy, after appar-
emily extensive aerial scouting of
the strong United States Pacific
Fleet, refused battle in the final
phases of the fight for Guadal-
canal.
Thus the Pacific Fleet-repeat-
edly reduced to impotence, accord
ing to japanese claims-stopped a
Japanese attempt to heavily REIN
force Guadalcanal merely by show
ing itself in strength.
Apparently the Nipponese feet
kept to the protection of its New
Britain and Shorthand bases, north
of Guadalcanal, after finding the
strength of its American foe.
An explanatory bulletin broadcast
to the crew of the warship to which
am assigned stated the situation
succintly The enemy likewise was
"out in force, without question" it
said. Then after finding out what
they were up against" it added,
they withdrew instead of rein
forcing Guadalcanal"
tReports of what then seemed
like an impending fight to the
finish between large units of the
American and japanese fleets
were current early this month,
and in a communique February
the Navy Department told of in
creased activity by the enemy in
the Solomons area which it be-
lieved indicates major effort
to regain control of the entire
zone.
Evening star., 1943-02-15
New Russo-Turkish
Developments Seen
B. lhe Associated Press.

B. Re Associated Press
ANKARA, Turkey, Feb. 15.-A
week of intense British, Russian ard
Turkish diplomatic activity here
aroused rumors today that fresh
Developments were coming soon In
relations between Russia and
Turkey.
Sukru Saracoglu, Turkish Premier
Sergei A. Vinogradov, Russian Am
bassador and Sir Hughe Knatch-
bull-Hugessen. British Ambassador
met Saturday night in an evening
OF good fellowship during which the
Russian envoy kissed the Turkish
Premier.
Evening star., 1943-02-15
By The Associated Press.

Extension of social security
coverage to members of the
armed forces as we'll as to mil
lions of others now outside the
program will be recommended by
the Social Security Board.
Informed sources reported today
that adoption of this recommended
ton. along with other board sug-
sestions for expansion of the pro-
gram to provide hospitaliza ton
costs and cash benefits to dis
abled workers, might obviate any
need for special veterans legisla-
ton like that which followed the
last war.
These sources said it would be a
step toward providing a social Sc
curity structure to insure all Amer
leans against want resulting from
the usual hazards of lite, regardless
Of occupation
A number of bills proposing ex-
tension of social security coverage
to members of the fighting services
are pending in Congress, and the
Evening star., 1943-02-15

Subsequent Navy communicates
reported a number of air and
surface engagements between the
opposing forces, in which both
sides were said to have suffered
losses. But the expected pitched
battle failed to develop-for the
now disclosed reason that the
enemy was frightened off-and
on February 9 Guadalcanal fell
finally to the Americans without
an important naval struggled
Following days of sea and all
scouting and feeling out operations
by both sides, battle was thought
to be on hand February 8. The
captain Of this ship issued readiness
instructions through a loudspeaker
The crew cheered, and marines Jig
stepped on deck.
No close contact with the enemy
was made, however, the Japanese
apparently refusing to send their
fleet south of their New Britain
Shorthand Islands zone of protec-
tion above Guadalcanal.
The frequent presence of JAP
reconnaissance planes over our task
forces-some of these snoopers were
shot down - indicated extensive
scouting prior to the decision not to
risk battle.
The only important action in
volving surface units during the
two-week period of tension was a
night attack by enemy aircraft on a
task force near Guadalcanal jan
uary %.
Our crew members are asking
where now?" and wondering
whether trickery is involved in the
Japs' decision to withhold their
strength. Admirals Chester w.
Nimitz and William F.. Halsey, IT.,
are being trusted by their men.
however, to outwit and outmaneuver
the enemy,
Evening star., 1943-02-15
Cologne and Milan
Blasted by Raj in
Large-ScaIe Raids
Italian Base Of Spezio
Also Attacked After
Assault on Lorient
BY the Associated Press.

LONDON, Feb. 15.-Royal Air
Force squadrons, bombing Ger
many and Italy in a double-bar-
relied assault, attacked the
Rhineland city of Cologne and
the Italian arsenal city of Milan
last night, it was announced to-
day.
The naval base of Spezia, on
Italy's west coast 10 miles south
of Milan. also was attacked by
British bombers. 1t was Spezia s
second raid of the war.
The phrasing of the Air Minis
try's communique suggested that
the major forces were concentrated
against Cologne and Milan.
The actual number of planes used
was not disclosed, but expert OBJ
servers in the path of the bombers
were impressed by the strength
/ shown.
III British Bombers Lost.
Both attacks were described as
'large-Scale operations and II
British bombers failed to return.
The Cologne raid was concen
trated and a great weight" of high
! explosives was rained on the city
in half hour, authorities said. De-
| lenses Of the oft-bombed city were
reported less active than usual II
was the 18th attack on Cologne
which was last visited by the RAF
on February 3.
/ Milan also was subjected to q
! concentrated attack and large fires
/ were started in the city'S industrial
/ section where war industries anc
transport facilities are centered, il
was reported. Italian defenses also
/ were described as weak.
An Italian communique said the
attack was carried out by severa
waves Of planes. The Rome broad
cast reported heavy damage and al
least is dead and 224 injured.
The first bombs fell on Cologne
shortly after pm, and the attack
on Milan got under way at 1890 pm
From British coastal town accus-
toned to the sound of large flights Of
heavy planes one resident reported
that the sky feet heard flying to.
ward the continent at dusk last night
made a noise louder than anything
OF the kind I have ever heard"
Planes were streaming over fol
about an hour" he said.
The renewal of the attack or
Northern Italy and Western Ger.
many followed a twin assault by thu
Raj in which more than 1000 ton.
Of bombs were dropped on the sub.
marine base at Lorient Saturda,
night.
Britain enjoyed a night of quiet
tSee RAIDS, Page A-12D
Evening star., 1943-02-15
Victory Gardens

Wilbur H. Youngman. The
Star's Garden Editor, today
begins a series Of lessons for
victory gardeners. They will
be numbered and can be
clipped and preserved by Star
readers. Mr.. Youngman's ad-
vice to the home gardener will
be daily feature of The Star
in the fight to help win the
war by food production. His
first article is on Page AS.
Evening star., 1943-02-15
Morqenthuu on Air TONIGHT

Secretary of the Treasury Nor
genthau will address the Nation to-
night on the necessity of paying
not less than the first installment
of 1912 income taxes by March Is.
The talk will be carried by the
Columbia Broadcasting System.
starting at Sis pm.
Evening star., 1943-02-15
White House Is Silent
On Timoshenko Visit
BY The Associated Press.

By The Associated Press.
The White House had nothing to
say today in reply to inquiries about
the possibility that Marshal Semeon
Timoshenko, noted Russian military
leader, was coming to Washington.
Reporters asked whether Timo-
shenko was here and Presidential
Secretary William D. Hassett re-
piled:
Il anticipated that question and I
checked with the President and got
nothing but Mona Lisa smile"
Evening star., 1943-02-15
Named Premier of Iran

TEHERAN, Iran, Feb. Is (P>.-Ali
Soheily was named Premier of Iran
today and was charged by the Shah
with formation of new cabinet.
Evening star., 1943-02-15
U.S.. Fleet Frightened Off laps
Trying to Reinforce SoIomons
Show of Strength Forced Enemy to Decide
Against Operation Before GuodoIconoI Fell

GREATEST MASS raid in South
west Pacific batters Rabsul.
Page Az
Evening star., 1943-02-15
Communist Question
Will Be Argued Again
In Supreme Court
Whether Party Seeks to
Overthrow Government
By Force Is Issue
BY ]. A. FOX,

WILEY B. RUTLEDGE takes oath
at Supreme Court ceremony.
paCn 40
Evening star., 1943-02-15

(See DRAFT. Page A-5D
Evening star., 1943-02-15

(See RUSSIA. Page A-12)
Evening star., 1943-02-15
Guide for Readers

An Associated Press Newspaper.
Evening star., 1943-02-15

Late news and sports are covered on
Pages Tx and 2X of this edition of
The Star. supplementing the news Of
the regular home delivered edition.
Evening star., 1943-09-10
Admiral Catch TO Speak
AT Bar Meeting tuesday

Rear Admiral Thomas l.. Catch,
recently appointed judge advocate
general of the Navy, will be the
principal speaker at a meeting of
the District Bar Association at the
Mayflower Hotel at pm. Tuesday.
He will speak on his war experiences.
Col. Jesse I. Miller, executive offi-
GER for the Army provost marshal
general and member of the Bar
Association, will speak on the
american Military Government of
Occupied Territories"
An election of directors also will
be held.
The association announced that
the following named candidates
have been proposed for membership
IN the association and their appli-
cations will be acted on by the Board
OF Directors at its meeting October
l. The candidates are Daniel ].
Andersen, H. Thomas Austern,
Claude L. Damson, Jerome J. Do
herty, William F. Fitzgerald, Will
liam T. Leith, William F. McAleer,
H. Stewart Mcdonald, Llovd w
Patch, John L. Schaffert and Paul
L. Weiden.
Evening star., 1943-09-10

highest British and American mill
tary and civil authorities before the
Italian surrender was announced,
but not before it was known by some
at the top.
It is true that all the war news
now seems very good On the Rus
sian front the Germans are in re-
treat. Following Tunisia and Sicily,
Italy out of the war is of immense
importance. The submarine menace
has been diminished. Our whole
military position is enormously i'm
proved and from the psychological
side word comes from usually reli-
able Swedish sources that Nazi
morale within Germany is nearing
collapse and that the "home front"
is in complete moral dissolution"
Way to Speed Victory.
All of which is just ground for
rejoicing, but not for overconfidence
or diminished effort. 1t would be
particularly unfortunate if this "vic-
tory inevitable" feeling should slack
en- popular support Of the great
SIS, 900 100000 bond drive which has
just opened. The surest way not
only of making victory inevitable
but Of speeding victory up and thus
saving American lives and money is
the prompt oversubscription Of this
tremendous sum for which the Gov
ernment asks. It's necessity can no
more be questioned than its sound
ness.
On the question of when the war
will end, the higher and more in
formed the authority the less the
belief that the end will come in 1943
or in 1914. The men, both British
and American, whose position en-
titles them to the best judgment say
that while they do not altogether
rule out the possibility of psyche
logical German collapse, 1t would be
a great mistake to take that pos
sibility into their calculations and
it is not being done. They point
out further that the Germans have
not far from 800 unbeaten divisions
Evening star., 1943-09-10


required by the Russians to call
any of our battle zones a second
front are now being fulfilled.
The Russians have repeatedly
told us that they cannot consider
any military operation on the
western front as helping them
unless at least so Nazi divisions
are compelled to withdraw to
battle the Anglo-American
forces.
Our present estimates indicate
that the Nazis will be forced to
withdraw even q larger number
OF men soon, probably before the
end Of the summer.
1t is true that so far only about
II German divisions are in
Northern Italy. Four are in
Central Italy, and are now trying
to extricate themselves from the
net being thrown around them
by the American and British
Armies. Their withdrawal is dif-
f1cult since the Italians, after
having surrendered, are anxious
to join us in the fight against
their former allies.
1t appears that in the armistice
terms, which will not be made
public for some time, Gen. Eisen-
hover did not refuse Marshal
Badoglio's plea to accept the aid
OF Italian forces. OF course, the
italian premier in making the
of1er had an eye to the final sig
nature Of peace.
All his demands for a binding
agreement as to future DISPOSE
ton OF the italian overseas terri
tories and those across the
Adriatic have remained un-
answered. He was told that un-
conditional surrender means sur
render without negotiation.
Hopes for Easier Peace.
But by active cooperation Of
the Italian forces in battle against
the Nazis he hopes to achieve
eventually the status Of collabo-
rator to the United Nations.
Under these circumstances he ex-
poets the United States Govern
ment to take his action in chang
ing horses in midstream as an
indication Of how the Italian ma
ton actually feels toward us and
will prevent too harsh a peace
when final victory Is won.
The argument is that surren-
der OF the italian armies and
Evening star., 1943-09-10
Lisbon Clipper Crash Laid
To Wing Hitting Wafer
By the Associated Press.


The Civil Aeronautics Board said
yesterday an accident contact Of q
wing with the water probably caused
the crash of 3 Pan-American flying
boat at Lisbon, Portugal, February
%, In which 19 passengers and s
crew members were injured fatally.
The board said there were no
signs of fire or explosion In the
wreckage and no indications of ma
hcious tampering or sabotage.
Among those killed or injured
were several theatrical and radio
performers en- route to entertain
American troops abroad. Ben Rob-
ertson of New York and Frank
Cuhel of Cedar Rapids, Iowa, for
eign correspondents, were among
those fatally injured and Jane
Froman. radio singer, was injured
seriously.
The board said the "preponderance
of evidence" indicated that Capt.
r. o. D. Sullivan, a veteran ocean,
flying pilot" erred in his judg-
ment of the position of the aircraft
in relation to the water"
Capt. Sullivan testified that In
Evening star., 1943-09-10
The Great Game of Politics.

Of highly trained, perfectly equipped
and thoroughly experienced soldiers
in Europe-which means they have
the greatest army In Europe.
With their Axis partners being
knocked out, conquered nations
revolving and friendly nations fall
ing away from them, and all the
while pounded from the air, the
Germans ultimately can be driven
back into their own central fortress.
But-and this is the point they en-
phasize-through 1943 and 1914, the
Germans will be still capable not
only of formidable resistance but OF
a formidable counteroffensive. Even
when driven back into that central
fortress, there will remain with
them the power of leopard leap"
out Of the cage, which, perhaps,
would not change the inevitability
of victory, but surely would postpone
it and increase its cost.
SecOn0 FrOnL Inning.
AS to the sort of second front"
demanded by the Russians, that will
come, but 1t will come when we are
ready for it and not before. The
Italian collapse brings us closer, OF
course, but wars are won, said one
very high authority, by doing wise
things, not foolish things. And it
is infinitely better for US all-Russia
as we'll as the British and ourselves
to win what, mistakenly, may seem
to some series of small, selfish vic
tories than to indulge in one great
and generous defeat. In brief, the
men who are running this war for
us and for the British. confident as
they are of the inevitable victory,
are not making the mistake of
minimizing the power of the enemy
and do not intend to be prodded
into doing the foolish thing that
might greatly prolong the war and
add terribly to its cost. I.
Willing to take every justifiable
risk and to pay any reasonable price,
they do not propose, flushed with
recent successes, to take unjustif1-
able risks or be pushed into paying
a devastating price. 1t is fortunate
thing that the military conduct OF
the war on the Allied side is In the
hands Of men capable of making
this kind of decision and sticking to
it. Under existing conditions, that
is the great basic fact that makes
victory inevitable-unless we sud-
denly let down or let up. In this
country, failure to put this pending
loan over in big way would be
doing just that. Again, let it be
repeated that no victory is so in
evitable that 1t cannot be thrown
away. No leaders are 50 wise and
no army SO brave that they cannot
be ruined in the field by government
tai incompetency or by the inertia
and indifference of the civilian pop
ulation at home.