davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1943-08-04
Conviction Of Mrs. Gros
Under Alien Act Reversed

BY the Associated Press.
SAN FRANCISCO, Aug. 4.-The
United States Circuit Court OF Ap-
peals yesterday reversed an earlier
decision upholding the conviction of
Mrs. Frances Gros on charges of
conspiracy and failing to register
with the State Department as an
agent of the German government
The reversal was accompanied by
an order to the Government to file
further briefs in Mrs. Gros' case
within Is days.
The action paralleled a similar de-
cision returned by the appellate
court June 81 In the case of her
husband, DR. Hans Helmut Gros.
Both were convicted of the double
charge in Los Angeles Federal Court
in June, 1912. Gros was given a
l0-year sentence, and his wife was
sentenced to 18 months in Jail.
In convicting DR.. Gros, Federal
Judge Ben Harrison said there never
was any doubt, after the evidence in
the trial was introduced, that the
American born physician acted as a
Nazi agent.
Evening star., 1943-08-04
Fuel Firms Start Cuttinq
'FriIIs' Under VINO Order

Washington coal and wood deal
ers today began complying with a
War Manpower Commission order
to reduce delivery services If they
want VINO help in hiring and re-
tanning workers
This action followed similar Or
ders for restaurants and laundries
who have been instructed to elm
mate service frills due to the labor
shortage.
The directive provides that fuel
dealers may get hiring aid only if
among other things they:
Cease delivering in lots of less
than ton of coal or cord of
wood except in emergencies or when
customers lack facilities for han
ding deliveries OF that size.
Require customers to give at least
five days notice before delivery is
expected, then load all delivery
trucks to capacity so that trips may
be reduced.
Pool facilities among dealers and
interchange orders wherever feas.
ible.
Evening star., 1943-08-04
Concerns Payment
OF Withholding Tax
May Boomerang

BY the Associated Press.
Some persons figure they have
found a way to get around the new
Withholding tax on wages and
salaries.
They have said. in effect, "let' s
MAKE the boss pay it," And in some
cases, the Internal Revenue Bureau
reports, the boss-to keep his work.
ers-is doing just that.
But internal revenue and War
Labor Board officials say such pay
ments constitute raise in pay and
that, therefore, the idea will
boomerang. in these ways:
l. Under income tax law, this
amount has to be reported as addi-
tional income for the individuals in
question-and they'll owe an addi-
tional tax on it.
2. In some cases. under wage
stabilization, 1t would be an illegal
raise.
3. 1t would count as a merit raise
under WLB regulations, which limit
merit raises to two year, and which
AAhiio VIC dluoullCS VI SutIl HlCTtdScS.
The Internal Revenue Bureau now
is investigating reports of such pay
ments by employers-to see that
Uncle Sans gets any additional taxes
due.
AS to legality OF such a wage raise,
here's the picture from the WLB
view:
If an employer has eight or fewer
persons working for him, he can Ak
his own wage policy. Establish
ments Of that size aren't covered by
wage stabilization.
In larger establishments. such a
raise is legal only If it comes within
the pay brackets fixed for individual
job classiflcations under plans ap-
proved by the WLB or under pay
schedules which were in existence
before October u when wage con-
troll started.
Otherwise it would require spe-
cif1c WLB approval-and WLB has
been Tightening its grip on pay en-
velopes. ..1.a7-... .
Under recent WLB regulations, a
merit raise is limited to one third of
the difference between the minimum
and maximum rates of pay for a
job.
Evening star., 1943-08-04
Treasury Seeks Plan
To Reduce Paperwork
For Taxpayers
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
The Treasury said today 1t was
attempting to do something about
reducing the paper work OF tax
payers and that possible co-ordina-
ton OF estate and gift levies also
was being studied.
Results of the two INQUIRIES will
take the form of recommendations
to Congress, the announcement said.
John M. Mcguire. member OF a
Boston law firm, has been named
consulting expert to undertake the
simplification study. An advisory
committee is looking into the estate
and gift tax matter.
The announcement said the de-
paftment has been concerned over
the increasing complexities growing
out of the various accumulating tax
laws, and has given considerable
thought to the matter of simplifying
them. Members of the congressional
Tax Committees also have been con-
sidePing the matter and have indi-
Gated desire to see steps taken to
rectify this situation"
OF the estate and gift levies. the
department said recent develop
ments in this field have produced a
very confusing situation insofar as
the application of the taxes In spe-
cific cases is concerned and the re-
lation of these taxes to each other
and to the income tax. This con-
fusion makes it difficult for taxpay-
ers to plan their affairs and for the
Government effectively to admins
ter the taxes"
Members of the advisory commit
tee are Jesse sR. Fillman, Phila-
delphia, chairman of a special tax
committee OF the American Bar As
ISOLATION; Prof. Erwin N. Griswold
of Harvard Law School; Laurence E
Green, Boston, chairman of another
American Bar Association tax COM
mittee; Harry j. Rudick, New York,
chairman of the New York City Bar
Associations tax committee, and
George Bowden, Chicago.
Evening star., 1943-08-04
Food Poison Hospitalizes
Al Kodak Plant Workers
By the Associs ted Press.

By the Associs ted Press.
ROCHESTER, N. Y. Aug. 4
Forty-seven of so Eastman Kodak
Co. employees stricken Ill after eat
ing corned beef were under hos
pital treatment today.
One was reported in critical con-
dition.
Company officials said all the af-
fected workers had eaten the beef
last night in the Kodak Cafeteria.
DR.. Arthur M. johnson, city health
officer, said there were indications
that staphylococcus germs, preva-
lent in the air at room tempera-
lures, had infested the meat.
Last Thursday 300 workers be-
came i'll after eating lunch in the
General Electric Co. plant at Erie,
Pa. Four weeks ago 40 employees
at General Electric plant at Fort
Wayne, Ind, became Ill and one
died
Evening star., 1943-08-04
LOST RATION COUPONS.

-" AND 'B" GASOLINE RATIONING
and ST. Fnder pese pFqe
Mrs.; Ms. J; Barrett, lla West Leland ST,
Ghsy AND GAS Ha aAfoS Fl s BOOKS % G5 Issued
Helen Il Dake' 1880 Peabody st NV.
n AND &C. GAS RATION BOOKS. issued
~ ~ asofa Sas BOOK %t'i issued to Louise M. Shea,
As s!as0iIGa GAS RarioN ? BOOK. issued to Lee
Hsrd.ll Elm 1920 .,, coTlana p r.. GO lals
to Lydis accaN fAoH ss1s Ed9ohsson s10k SSpsd qd
CAS- Isfa KArTos rs BOOKS ss6Tyn at'1 xNp B issued
Gas 0Isaf RhfIoN Gsf BOON and Sd BOND appi-
aye issued 70 Mrs Ray Z. Shook 55I7
Gas Pa RAToS hs5ssfse sook Nc WI ssaed saes to Jack
GAs RaroN oS BOOK oe s. ssGeg G N NA o54 s5ts
" Defrancea4x: 553S Johnson ave, Be-
S.ss SxssdISE ksf.oS noox win, A No
Mcclure, oallsudet College. 5.
GAS RATION BOOK; A, made out 10 and
rhsg rTsh,srn & tS Henry Voik' 1908 4th st. ne.
Gas Gas RAfioN ffoi Books A. B. and inspection IL
eard issued to vahan Garabedisn, 1914
Gas RATioN BOOK "A," issued to Lynn c.
ashley. l7-E Parkway I'd. Greenbelt, Nd.
SAs sia,.. KAT.oS rooks e!ss ar a .Ae &c" issued
~ G,s i; s1nM sssnning, & p, 6 Can DI 1851
l II. Spencer, 5sI2 9th St NV. Wash D c.
GAs EATON BOOKS l21; A. No, 15le7a
! RAMON BooK NO. 3. issued to Homer me- II Il
! RATION BOOKS nos. AND 2. issued to
I 4 81, ciair. Ration books Nos. and
! Louise A. st. Clair, 390s 9TH st. ne
= EATON BOOK NO. 2, issued TO Eddie
: Bratourd. r. F. D. No. 2. Silver Spring
! RATIoN BOOK NO. 2. issued to Stella X
7 Holman, 1921 Lawrence St ne Hoba ri
! RATioN BOOKS. No. ! and .. issued 10
Gnn,an As,sn BUDS nad Horton. Macon. Ga. Cal
! WAR RATION BOOK NO. !, issued to Mrs.
Nora E Lohr, 1906 Ames st. ne, wash
|. WAR ssni R4TioN 81 BOOKS , AND 2, issued & t,
Var RATioN rio sook vs. n ad issued @A to fas4 Ms4
! aorie Caroline Sparer, Temple Trailer Vii.
] WAR RATION BOOK NO. 0I, i, issued tc
Charles Z. scarrow. 722 North Barton st.,
. NXR eR''aa aarios BOOK NO. !. issued t,
! Nancy Chase MacNab, Germantown, Route
|. WAR RATION BOOK NO. z. issued to Jnl,s
. e: Spencer. z East Backbone St, Chev,
! Chase. Nd WI. b6O5
! WAR RATION BOOKS AND 2. . each
I Issued TO Mr.. and Mrs. Merlin E. Naylor
! 153i West Falkland lane. Silver Spring, Md
Evening star., 1943-08-04
Death Toll Reaches Seven
In Army Plane Crash
By the Associated Press


CHARLEVOIx, Mich, Aug. A.
The death of 1t. c. F. Ginther of
New Albany, Ind. in Charlevoix
hospital has brought to seven the
toll of dead in the crash of two
engined Army trainer plane while
attempting a takeoff from Charlie
voix Airport Monday night, Lit A. H,
Pearson. Wright Field public rela-
tions officer. announced.
Several officers from the Army
Air Forces experimental laboratory
were among the seven killed.
Among the victims was 1t. Col
John Evans Davis, 81, of Columbus,
Ohio, Air Forces veteran and presi-
dent of the National Guaranty &
Finance Co., which maintains Offices
throughout Ohio.
Others killed were Maj. John C.
Kearby, At, of Dallas, Tex; Capt.
Wendell P. Lester, 33, of Baytown,
Tex; 1t. Ray c. Bauer, Al. of Mount
Olive, Ill: w. w. Cummins Of Solon,
Ohio, a Wright Field civilian tech
nician, and Second 1t. Kenneth P
Foust Of the Douglas Army Air
Base. Douglas, Ariz.
1t. Pearson said "the airplane was
making routine flight testing
equipment under orders and all on
board were authorized passengers"
Evening star., 1943-08-04
Hunt for New Taxes
Reported Narrowing
To Two Possibilities
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
The preliminary search for new
billions of war-financing revenue
appeared narrowing today to two
major observation-disclosures in
individual and corporate income
taxes, or a Federal retail sales
tax.
Capitol Hill heard informal re-
ports that Treasury and congress
sional tax experts. in joint confer
ences, were leaning heavily toward
income tax increases, possibly with
an excess profits levy against indi-
viduals with swollen wartime in
comes, and were putting little If any
emphasis on a retail sales levy.
At the same time. there were in
creasing signs that a bloc might
form within Congress favoring a
sales tax up to 10 per cent to avoid
further drastic direct deductions
from income.
Will Protect FIXED Incomes"
Chairman Doughton of the House
Ways and Means Committee de-
clared he would battle for protec-
ton of millions of persons in the
'fxed-income" class - those whose
earnings have been increased but
little, If at all, by the booming war;
time economy.
Mr.. Dougnton conferred with Sec
retary of the Treasury Morgenthau
and issued statement saying
recognition must be given that in
any income group there may be peo-
pie who need to be protected against
The full impact of tax increases"
The statement was accepted in
some congressional circles as indi-
eating that increases in individual
income taxes might embrace an ex-
cess profits formula as now applied
20 corporations.
The Ways and Means Committee.
before Congress recessed for the
summer, instructed its tax staff to
work with the Treasury on alter
nate means of raising more revenue,
with specific instructions ito study
and report on the feasibility Of rails
ing additional revenue by means of
an individual excess profits tax"
hitting those with war-swollen in
comes.
Disagreement Indicated.
Mr.. Doughton. who interrupted
his vacation for the tax conferences
IN Washington, indicated he and
Mr. Morgenthau were not in agree
ment on fixing q definite additional
amount to be raised.
Mr. Morgenthau has suggested
that $4,000, 900 900 is needed next
year in addition to the $38, ,000, ,000.-
600 now in sight.
Mr.. Doughton told newspapermen
that any new taxes must be within
the limitations of the taxpayers to
pay" adding that the new tax pro-
gram should be drawn with two
objectives in view-the control of
imitation as we'll as additional
revenue.
Representative Reed, Republican.
OF New York, Ways and Means
Committee member, said Serious
consideration" should be given to
possible use OF a sales tax. in the
overall study of new sources OF rev.
enue.
Before we get through" he said,
well have to resort to all forms Of
taxes to meet the colossal expendi-
lures necessitated by this war. The
only kind of sales tax that could be
made to yield a substantial amount
Of revenue would be one that car
ried no exemption.
I'm peacetime I'd be rather loathe
to resort to sales tax. but during
war We can't be choosers."
Evening star., 1943-08-04
1t. c. j. Sterner Of Chevy Chase
Sees Plenty of Action in Sicily

1t. Carl j. Sterner, who formerly
lived at Rossdhu Castle. East Wood
bine and Summit streets, Chevy
Chase, is seeing plenty of fighting
with the combat engineers, accord
ing to an Associated Press report
from Sicily.
I'VE expect to spend so per cent
of our time in the lines as fighting
soldiers" said 1t. Sterner, a former
senior project planner with the Fed
eral Public Housing Administration
Standing in an almond grove
bivouac, 1t. Sterner told the battle
history of his outfit, which had
trained year in the United States
and six months in Africa before the
invasion.
Fought Beside Rangers.
I'VE came in at Celia with the
Rangers and fought in the line for
the first four days" he recounted.
we fought through the town itself
IN darkness with the Rangers on our
f1anks. One of our landing craft
was shot in two, and Pvt. Leonard
Powell of Philadelphia swan out
four times and brought in men who
couldn't swim. On beaches swept
by enemy fire. we gave them artifi-
cial respiration and first aid in the
dark
We helped stop a tank attack
Evening star., 1943-08-04
lnternes Protest
Lack of Patients
In Indigent Class
,y the Associated Press.


BALTIMORE, Aug. LACK of
INDECENT patients at the Baltimore
City Hospital has caused more than
10 internes to threaten to resign be-
cause they do not have an opportun-
ity to obtain clinical experience.
Declaring more than 300 beds are
unoccupied because the patients who
normally would fill them now have
money and. therefore. are not eligible
Tor admittance. committee repre-
sentlng the internes asked that a
charge be made so that the beds NAV
be filled.
Officials of the hospital, operated
by the Municipal Welfare Depart
ment, explained the institution ac-
cepts only persons not able to pay
for treatment. They added that diff
flculty in obtaining an adequate
complement of nurses as we'll as a
decreased demand for charity med
ical care are responsible for the
vacant beds.
Spokesman for internes countered
with the suggestion that altering the
institutions policy to accept paying
patients would overcome the diff
ficulty.
Evening star., 1943-08-04
Treasury Receivers
.Sb,444,954 in Year
From Tax Cheaters
BY the Associated Press.

os tAt AsSoSldtcG fTeSs.
The Treasury reported today 1t
had rounded up an additional $685.
1854 from tax cheaters during
the last year and in doing so had
taken out Of circulation these
"chiselers against the Nations war
time revenue needs:
"A professional card sharp whose
take over a period of years ap-
preached six figures, a wealthy lot
terry czar and a racketeering tax
adviser"
Summarizing the annual report of
w. H. Woolf, chief Of the Internal
Revenue Bureaus Intelligence unit,
the Treasury said the expose, prose-
cution and conviction of these in
dividuals was merely incidental to
the business of hunting down tax
frauds.
Mr.. Woolf's agents, the depart
ment reported, spotted the addi-
tional revenue in the course Of
nearly 1000 Investigations which
led to tax evasion charges against
95 persons, all but three of whom
were convicted.
Still pending is case in which
one Of the agents brushed up on his
knowledge Of japanese to obtain an
indictment against three Nipponese
subjects who allegedly kept two sets
Of books on st. Petersburg fla }
restaurant.
One set, in English, accounted for
10000 less income than the second,
kept in japanese, the Treasury de-
clared adding that tax returns were
based on the English set. OF the
trio indicted, one now is in Japan.
another in a detention camp and
the third is awaiting trial.
The Treasury named the card
sharp as William D. Frad, New York,
who, it said. posed as son OF a
prominent family and piled his
trade on trains and ocean steam
ers." He drew a term of two and
one-haf years in prison after Treas
ury agents proposed additional taxes
Of 100000 against him for the years
1857.
"One OF the neatest rackets un-
covered" the Treasury said, brought
a two-year prison term to Albert C.
Harris, Edwardsville, Ohio, who al
legedly altered clients returns by
setting up fictitious claims for ex-
emptions and deductions and pock-
eted the tax saving himself.
Joseph Hotze, Boston, was con-
victed of income tax evasion ap-
proXimating $85,000 for the years
1869, the department said, after
agents charged that he had engaged
in an illegal lottery business for a
long period" He drew three years
in prison and a $4,000 fine.
Evening star., 1943-08-04
Fantastic Story Of Marriage
At Gunpoint Wins AnnuIment

He came to my room one morn
ing with gun and told me he would
blow my head off If I didn't marry
him at once" she told Judge Rhodes
"On February 26 he went to the
Marriage License Bureau and !
could feel the gun he had in his
pocket at my side When we re-
turned to my room he held me a
captive until five days later when
we were married by justice OF the
peace"
She said she was imprisoned five
days more and that Robertson threw
a bottle of ink in her face so you
won't ever be able to see another
man"
Mrs. Robertson said she escaped
when her husband became intoxi-
, Gated.
Evening star., 1943-08-04
BowIes 10 Ask Repeal
OF 0PA Act Requiring
Business Experience

Congress will be asked to repeal
the amendment to the Office of
Price Administration Appropriation
Act requiring business experience of
price executives, General Manager
Chester BowleS indicated TODAY
after revealing that the restrictive
provision will cost the agency four
Washington officials and 10 or 12'
district directors employed in the
field.
Mr.. Bowles said he was making
some progress in obtaining top
flight businessmen" for OPA, though
he added that August lis a poor
time to recruit for service in Wash
ton" All price policy-fXing execu-
tives lacking business experience
must leave OPA by August Is. Mr..
BoWles said he would proceed eau
tiously in filling the vacancies and
probably would not have all the new
men lined up by that date.
Doesn't Affect Branch Heads.
The new general manager told a
meeting of price section employees
yesterday that Controller General
Warren had informed him that the
business experience amendment
applied only to the deputy admins
traitor in charge of prices, heads of
the six price divisions in Washing
ton, the directors of OPA's eight re-
gions and 105 districts. 1t does not
apply to the 20 branch heads, as
previously believed.
The four in Washington expected
TO be ousted are Donald Wallace,
acting oeuty administrator, former
Williams College and Harvard pro-
fessor. Clair Wilcox, Industrial Ma
terials Price Division chief, a pro-
lessor OF economics at Swarthmore
College; r. B. Hef1ebower. Food
Price Division chief. formerly dean
OF the college of commerce at Wash
ington State College, and Ben w.
Lewis. head of the Industrial Manu-
featuring Price Division, a former
professor at Oberlin tOhio) College.
Two posts. division chiefs on tex
tile prices and consumer durable
goods prices, are vacant, while the
Fuel Price Division is headed by
Sumner T. Pike, a businessman,
No Regional Changes.
Mr.. Bowles indicated it would not
be necessary to make changes in any
of the OPA regions, while the dis
tricts will not be so hard hit as he
had anticipated.
He told the meeting of price en-
ployes that Congress would be asked
to repeal the amendment on the
theory that it will seriously handi-
cap agency operations in the future.
He limited, however, the issue would
not be pressed as soon as Congress
returns to Washington.
Mr.. Bowles gave the employees a
pep talk" to boost the sagging
morale of OPA, assuring them their
jobs were safe. He expressed conf
dence OPA can complete the task of
rolling back prices to the level of
last September.
A Nationwide educational cam
paign to make price control and ra-
tioning more acceptable to the pub
lie was outlined briefly by Mr..
Bowles. Although no details of the
nature of the drive were given. he
said first effects should be felt about
October /.
Evening star., 1943-08-04
LOST

Loo1
BILLF0LD. brown, containing money and
papers. Reward FIR 6244. Lost fri Fri
day night in downtown shopping section
BILLFoLD.-Buxton: IlIaFs,L lady's wine colored.
Br. 1ae; or Apt, ,50l, 1885 Colorado I'd n W. W
FAB FAB CLIP, oblongs crystal Sat night
Enthusiastically 'I night III On North i'I Cap
Ifsc} FfsGuT 2 s.c sse Phone Ho, a5Ga: Rexsrd.
OF 1t: Jess Thiery. Il: contains Marine
oeeGs CniffoTPs ss9d s9d records. Liberal
HALF COLLIE HALF ST. BERNARD. white
wo With brown MARKINGS ma, on head: answers to
f5fis fssaTS ea cAR6 6F cAsr lsa7 N
ldentifcatien card Write Robert j. Tinines g
hABoKHnoRa s sa1s ReTRiEVER ff Saek ya female
answer to Sally" Arlington. Reward.
aaNiIA s21 i1ls Es9ELorE. s1SF szxa,, in contain
Of virginia and 10th sts, NV, Reward.
PIN SET. square platinum with four dia-
monds. lost August 3rd Tel Decatur 1851
adress 2205 California st. NV. Suits BILE
POCKETBooK-Black. containing "A" and
perard Ias radSn coupons, operators permit
Bsnnns I'd ne LadoW a IoSeph aHa0
sun GLASSES, in case marked Madison,
WIS; in vicinity OF Ilth and U. or 18th
ca eaH Ex ''s sio6 &c Est OR Bao4 sunday, Reward
WALLETGRed leather, cont drivers per
miti, "A" gas ration book for Fla. oldsmo-
pie; issued io It. James Hyslop. Silver
WALLET;-Brown. with drivers permit
title card and book of "A" and "B'' cards
for gasoline a. had about 9 stamps tout
OF date, b" about 25. Rev u g. A
Heavener 10 z. Washington st. Kensins-
WELSH TERRIER.Tan and dark brown;
answers 10 name Mickey" Reward. Call
Hobart 52I5.
WRIST WATCH, lady's. small on Glebe I'd
between Wash. blvd and 18th st. north
WRIST WATCH-Hamilton white gold
l400 block Rhode Island ave. or 18th and
ST., Wv.ST S;~' w RsTard gC Nj ls53.
or near Village Theater or between 7th and
rranklin SITS: Raward. DU. 1882.
WRIST WATCH, diamond studded with
! initials. r. N. L." on back in vic OF / 9TH
ana SITS. Nv. or at Stricks Silver Hill.
Md; Liberal reward, Sentimental value.
Call Executive $685.. Ext. 47-Rm. F-113
- 81
$40 BILL. vic OF downtown and Chevy
/ Chase. one-third Of Army allotment for
mother - snd baby. II you nnd please re.
Evening star., 1943-08-04
b. the Associated Press

ID Inc hSSOClsieQ Press,
LOS ANGELES, Aug. 4.-Attrac-
tive, brunette Josephine Singleton
Robertson, 26, yesterday was granted
an annulment of her four-month
marriage to a seattle drug store
manager, Myles Robertson. 43. whom
she accused of forcing her into the
union at gunpoint and holding her
prisoner for 10 days.
Judge Roy v. Rhodes. in granting
dissolution of the marriage, said her
story approximated an Arabian
Nights" tale.
She said she went to Seattle last
spring and obtained work in a drug
store where Robertson told her she
looked like the reincarnation of his
wife, who had died II years before.
Evening star., 1943-08-04
Clearing House for Prums

To help mothers get baby buggies,
now SO difficult to buy In England,
Countess de la Bedoyere OF Mark
Beech, mother of four children, has
founded the Stork Club. which pur-
chases the vehicles or obtains infor-
nation where they can be bought.
Evening star., 1943-08-04
Curfew Hour Moved Up
After Lyon Outbreaks

By the Associated Press.
BERN, Switzerland. Aug. A.
French dispatches to Swiss newspa-
pers reported en- outbreak of clashes
between Frenchmen and German
and Italian troops which resulted in
the imposing of an 8 pm. curfew in
Lyon.
The curfew hour previously had
been II pm.
Vichy published a law imposing
severe penalties for day or night
gatherings
Evening star., 1943-08-04
Child Badly Hurt in FuII

A 2-yearold colored child, An
thony Gather, who suffered a frac-
! tured skull when he fell from a
second-story window yesterday at
his home, l4l2 Corcoran street NV,
was in a critical condition today at
| Freedmans Hospital