davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1943-01-07
Dr.. Carver

No other people in the history OF
the world has achieved more notable
progress than has the Negro race In
the United States, and DR.. George
Washington Carver Of Tuskegee In
stitute was the living symbol Of that
tremendous advancement. Concern
ing him, The Star on June 7, 1887,
was proud to say: Both an artist
and scientist, Chez is predominant
ly personality A natural capacity
distinguishes him. He feels and he
thinks with an efficiency rarely ex-
celled in modern times. Those who
knew him best speak of him as being
possessed of a rationalized energy
like disciplined electricity. He con-
ceives an objective, then moves
straight toward 1t without deviation
and without compromise-until it
has been attained. The inventions
he has perfected, the discoveries he
has made are freely given to human
ity. He does not regard them as his
personal property. Most Of them
have been developed from
values created by God-such humble
materials as trees, peanuts and sweet
potatoes"
The logic OF such a life, obviously,
is that it, too, comes from a provi-
dental source. DR.. Carver was born
a slave and once was traded for a
horse. He grew to manhood with
out schooling, had no instruction
until he had reached adult estate,
then earned his way through an ag-
ricultural college by hard labor. A
profound determination sustained
him through poverty and illness. He
made religion a creative force to a
degree unsurpassed by any contem-
porary. During four and half
decades he directed the endeavors Of
the research and experimental lab
oratory at Tuskegee, literally bring
ing the world to his door. His major
purpose from first to last was to find
new and more helpful uses for COM
mon things. In a long succession,
he produced plastics and lubricants,
medicines, substitutes for wood and
stone, foodstuffs and such homely
commodities as soaps and shoe
Evening star., 1943-01-07

polishes. His methods were chem
ical, his objectives entirely idealistic.
But honors were showered upon
him. 1t would have been an indict-
ment Of civilization had he been
neglected. His pictures were ac-
cepted for the Luxembourg Gallery
in Paris, he was elected member of
the Royal Society of Arts in London,
he received the Spingarn Medal In
1923 and the Roosevelt Medal in 1899.
A bronze portrait bust of him stands
on pink Georgia marble shaft in
the campus of the institute with
which his name is Immortality asso-
ciated. No one knew his age. It was
supposed that he was born about
1864. Time, however, meant little
to such spirit. He always was old,
yet he always was young. His coun-
trymen esteemed him, admired him,
loved him and even now will not let
him 20,
Evening star., 1943-01-07
The Lights Go On

Among the gifts that peace can
bring,
There is this uery lovely thing:
That stars shall once again look
do1Un
Upon the lights OF London To,pn
And shine Nth joy, again to see
Their friendly t,Dtnkling riualry;
And, radiant, the moon shall knoW
When Thames reflects her Siluer fo,o
No hurt nor deadly peril lies
Within the brightness OF the skies.
Then, as ,oith London, eueryphere
The lights shall flash out far and
fair;
And little homes of humble men
Shall spread their cheery light
again;
No longer hunted on the sea,
The ships shall trupel, proud and
free,
When bedcons, as OF old, shall guide
A ,0orld that has no need to hide!
ALICE BOORMAN WILLIAMSON.
Evening star., 1943-01-07
Huskin's Answers
To Questions
Bu Frederic J. Hdskin.

~ FTeQcTlC j. HuSkH.
A reader can get the dnsWer to any
question OF fact by ,Driting The Eue-
ming Star Information Bureau, Fred
eric J. Haskin, director, Washington,
d. C. Please inclose stamp for return
postage.
@. How much was raised by the Pres
ident's birthday celebration in 1892
S. T.
A. The 1912 celebration yielded So
9O8,310.
@. Which Governor receives the
smallest salary?-F. C.
A. The Governor of South Dakota,
who receives $4,000 year The high
est salaried is the Governor of New
York with s25,OoO year.
9. What is the legend IN regard to
the Magi's losing sight of the Starr
N. F.
A. AS the Wise Men travelled they lost
sight of their guiding star. Not far from
the spot, now known as Rachels Tomb.
there was a we'll. Here the Magi halted
at night, on ther way 10 Betnlenem.
They stopped at the we'll to drink, In
the water they saw the reflection of their
star.
@. What bird runs the fastest?-
J. c. E.
A. The fastest bird for running on
land is the emu Of Australia which has
heen known m travel at Al miles ner
hour for 10 miles.
Evening star., 1943-01-07
Insists That Exposure
Determines Heating Requirements.

Determines Heating Requirements.
To the Editor of The Star
The Star for January carried let
ter signed Robert Gray, Business Man.
ager, Fuel Oil and Oil Heat" Describ-
ing himself as Nassau County Re-
publican (nee Missouri" ;" with little use
for star-gazers, he assures us that the
present scheme of fuel-oil ration was
devoived by hard-headed industry men
from stem to gudget," and that it is so
logical that any bright office boy easily
could understand it. In the absence Of
past consumption figures, floor area, he
maintains. necessarily was made the
principal measure of fuel needs, though
some slight consideration was given to
the number of persons in a family
small families being, apparently, easier
to keep warm than large ones.
One must wonder how heating en-
.gineer could have had anything to do
with the development OF a scheme so
illogical that 1t ignores the question
whether a house is detached, semi-de-
tached or in the middle of a block. Yet,
OBVIOUSLY, III Is noL tne Hoor area Ol
house, but its exposure to the weather,
that determines its heating require
ments-the amount of outside wall and
roof surface, and the window area. A
detached house normally will require
twice as much fuel as house with two
party walls.
Despite the heated attempt Of this
Nassau County Republican nee Mis-
sourD" to make 1t comfortable, the pres
ent plan of fuel rationing, fear, will
leave many cold-literally as we'll as
figuratively. c. H. P.
Evening star., 1943-01-07
Newspaper Restrictions

Newspapers OF the country are
now operating under War Produc-
tion Board orders for substantial re-
duction in consumption OF print pa
per In 1943. Their ready compliance
with a form of curtailment striking
close to the heart Of newspaper pro-
duction Is In large measure due to
the War Production Boards Judi
cious consideration of problems in
volved: Those presented, on the one
hand, by the need to conserve man.
power, electric power and transpor-
tation In wood pulp and paper manu-
facture; on the other, by recogni-
ton OF the essential character Of
public service rendered by the press
Through appointment of a News
paper Advisory Committee, the
Government in effect told the news
papers the amount OF curtailment
necessary but left to the papers the
decision of how and where to make
it effective-a good Illustration Of
the advantages Of cooperation,
rather than compulsion under
threat, in bringing about war
economies.
This is not the first curtailment
order affecting newspapers, nor is it
apt to be the last as the war con-
tinues. The Star, for instance, al
ready has reduced automobile mile
age 40 per cent, cutting down whole
sale deliveries and in compliance
with orders prohibiting automo-
bile delivery to individual readers.
A 25 per cent reduction in use Of
zinc for newspaper illustrations al
ready has been made, and through
continued cooperation OF adver-
tisers and more conservation an
additional Is per cent reduction
will become effective February Is. AS
other industries are discovering,
portion of these reductions will be
possible through elimination Of
practices which became part of nor
NAL operations in times of plenty,
but which become relatively wasteful
now.
Newspapers have every reason to
be on guard against restrictions, no
matter under what guise they may
be presented, which affect the free
dom Of the press. They are extraor-
dinarily sensitive on that matter
now. But it is worthy of note that
In connection with the Governments
war economies, the issue Of press
freedom has not been raised In any
responsible quarter. 1t is gratifying
to the newspapers that the Govern
ments own attitude has rendered
the issue without merit in this case
and that there has been no show of
any intention by the Government to
proceed by indirection toward any
objective save that Of reasonable,
wartime economies, releasing more
men and materials to meet war de-
mands In other quarters.
Evening star., 1943-01-07
Patriotic Civilians Praised
For Their Services to Neirhbors.
To the Editor of The Star:

In the sector Of which am warden,
we have considerable number of the
Pearl Harbor patriots" mentioned in
your issue Of December 3l-busy men
and women who are unable to take the
talks that pass as courses prescribed for
wardens. They have functioned as en-
Enthusiastically and as effectively as the
certified wardens in drills and black
outs. They are anxious to protect their
property, the lives of their families and
the lives and property of their neighbors
who are unable or unwilling to take pro-
tective measures. These wardens are
now to be dismissed with words of con-
demnation and told to hand over the
helmets, armbands, ETC., that most of
them never had.
I wish to express my deep apprecia-
ton and gratitude to all the Pearl
Harbor patriots" in this situation and
my regret that they should be 50 shah
billy treated. I know there are many
other Washingtonians who think more
highly of the activities OF the unpaid
patriots on the streets at night than of
the inactivities Of the paid patriots Of
the desk chairs. Z. O. WHITTIER
Evening star., 1943-01-07
Pleasure Driving Bon

Faced with choice between per-
mitting continued pleasure driving
or reducing fuel oil supplies for
homes and war industries below the
absolute minimum, the OPA has de-
cided to ban the former. Clearly,
under the circumstances, this is the
right decision and it should have full
public support.
In an explanatory statement, Leon
Henderson, OPA administrator, said
that the demands Of the armed serv-
Ices and OF the civilian population are
draining Eastern petroleum reserves
faster than they can be replenished.
This Is not in harmony with earlier
offlcial predictions that the minimum
demands Of both could be met, and
since the civilian consumption has
been drastically curtailed already, 1t
must be assumed that the demands
OF the armed services have been
Unexpectedly heavy. Mr.. Henderson
did not clear up this point, but since
1t IS TACT, he had no reasonable
alternative but to take the action
that has been ordered
To large extent the success of
the effort to eliminate all pleasure
driving will depend upon the extent
Of public cooperation Some official
enforcement will be possible at race
tracks, golf courses, theaters, ETC., but
for the most part it will be up to
the individual motorist, realizing the
gravity of the situation, to act as his
own enforcement officer. And, In
return for the cooperation which
they have right to expect, 1t will
be up to the OPA officials to see to
1t that their decision to put the
burden OF proof on the motorist as
to the essential character of his
driving does not lead to oppressive
abuses by local enforcement officers
and rationing boards.
Evening star., 1943-01-07
THIS AND THAT
By Charles Z. Trace1pell,

stuffs which can be grown at home will
help Just that much.
The problem to be considered Is
whether the soil In the home garden
Is good enough.
The experience Of the grower, too,
must be considered. During the years
Of peace, flower gardening came into
It's own.
1t was and Is a wholesome recreation.
1t brings many sedentary persons into
the fresh air and gives them q little
exercise
Vegetable gardening will give them
even more fresh air and exercise, since
1t requires more time and more labor
1t must be remembered, however, that
much city and suburban land is worn
out.
Such land would give very poor
crop, at best, often not worth the time
and work spent on it.
This Is particularly true If there is
much shade. Vegetables require plenty
Of sunshine.
Before any fireside gardener decides
to go In for vegetables this spring he
should have test made of his soil, to
and out its relative alkalinity and acidity.
Too acid soil will not grow vegetables.
Seed catalogues this year may not
be as large as in the past, but they will
be as colorful.
And certainly they will be as inter-
esting
Many agricultural instruments are un-
cbtainable.
During the long evenings of garden
ing it will be a good idea to consider
the types of garden tools one requires
and take immediate steps to acquire
them.
Many instruments still may be found
in the stores, but nobody knows how
long they will last, especially after the
first few warm days in spring
Those are the days which inspire even
the LATEST person to a fervor of raking
and planting-often much too early. 1t
is what is called rushing the season"
Before these feverish rakers think Of
buying a new spade, or rake, or lawn
mover, the wise fireside gardener will
think of it.
Acting on his thought, he will beat
him to it." in the vernacular He will
look around and try to find the tools
he wants now.
There are two types of persons who
get great deal of wholesome pleasure
out of thinking over gardening activities
by the fire.
They are those whose enthusiasm has
slightly waned and those too old for
much gardening activity.
These, and many others discover that
talking and reading about the delights
of gardening are excellent substitutes.
Substitute gardening, they might even
be called. Certain intellectual types
may even find that fireside gardening
suffiCes them. And in this way they
do not even get their hands dirty! A
dirt gardener is admirable, but there
are many other sorts of gardeners, and
they all have their places
Evening star., 1943-01-07
"GIRARD STREET.

Dear Sir:
There won't be as many garden seeds
this year as in the past, according to
reliable indications.
That is all the more reason why we
should indulge in "fireside gardening" I"
as planning the spring garden by the
fire is called in some quarters.
1T is fortunate that there are more
firesides in operation this winter than
In the past.
This ought to make for more real
fireside gardening than ever. remember
my past sessions with the big seed cat
alogues and am looking forward to get
ting them soon.
They probably won't be as big as in
the past. In fact, the only one have
received 80 far is not half as large as
in former years. The seedsmen an
nounce that, owing to the difficulties Of
getting labor and their desire to send out
plants Of the best quality, they will not
sell many types this year.
THE labor shortage, then, extends
right to our flresides. 1t will still be pos
sible, however, to garden. Whether one
should give up flowers and go In for
vegetables will be problem with many.
What do you think about it?
Il could plant vegetables to q small
extent, but honestly do not want to.
Sincerely, c. Y. L."
Fireside gardening surely comes into
Its own this year.
There are few more delightful occu-
pations than to look over the seed cata-
logues and try to find out Just what one
wants to do next spring.
Authorities have warned that many
back yards are not fit for vegetable
planting
Putting in such seed would only be a
waste, a waste not only of the seed, but
of the time and labor involved.
In musing at the f1reside, it is we'll to
contemplate the possibilities of raising
some vegetables. 1t is to be hoped that
no one who does will consider such
things as radishes, the old standby Of
the beginning vegetable gardener.
What should be raised is food, real
food We believe that most persons
know what real food" is.
Persons in position to know say that
with the point system, so called, of
rationing we will have a new sort of
money" and that real money also will
be necessary. Sometimes this problem
is discussed AS if real money we're no
longer necessary!
1t should be pointed out, in all seri-
BUSINESS, that real dollars and cents will
be necessary for food purchases, as well
as coupons, the new currency.
If you hand a grocer some coupons,
without money, he will hand them back
to you and you won't get any food.
That, unfortunately, is the way of the
world.
1t is said that it will be a good thing
for all city people to make friends with
some farmer, so that he will be able to
supplement the family larder.
It can be realized that any real food
Evening star., 1943-01-07
Prof. Hurt's SUGGESTION

Professor Albert Bushnell Harts
suggestion that the United States
should annex Canada may be shock
Ing to some persons on both sides Of
the border, but the same proposal
has been put forward on many occa-
sions In the past.
A brief review Of the history OF
Canadian american relations may be
Of interest in connection with what
Professor Hart has written. The first
settlement Of New France, as the
northern portion Of the continent
originally was called, was attempted
by Giovanni da Verrazano, an Italian
In French service, in 1924. A Portu-
guese colony was planted at Cape
Breton Island the following year.
Jacques Cartier founded" Montreal
In 1885, and Samuel Champlain
established Quebec in 1908. Those
activities, however, were resented by
the English, who claimed the whole
territory on the strength Of the dis
coveries Of the Cabots in 1497 and
shortly thereafter. Apparently, Cap
tain Samuel Argall Of Virginia, a
pioneer explorer OF the Potomac
River Valley, was the promoter of the
earliest effort to dislodge the "in-
truders" He led an expedition to
Port Royal, Nova Scotia, "the most
important outpost Of the French in
Acadia against Colonial New Eng
land" and burned the houses there
In 1913.
The struggle thus begun endured
more than century and half.
French forces raided New Hampshire
and Maine and burned Schenectady,
New York, in 1889; a Massachusetts,
fleet threatened Quebec in 1890; Eng
lish colonists assembled in Rhode
Island solemnly planned the con-
quest of all Canada in 1890; the
French invaded New York again in
1895: two regiments from Nantucket
attacked rebuilt Port Royal in 17O7;
q war council at Montreal proposed
the subjection OF New England in
l70S; Acadia was taken by the Eng
lish in ITO, and Louisburg by troops
from Massachusetts, and Maine under
Pepperell in 1745; the French and
Indians raided Saratoga in 1746 and
the English returned the compliment
at Montreal in 1747; the French cap
tured the Virginia fort at Pittsburgh
In 1854 and held twenty times as
much land in the Western Hemi-
sphere as the English in 1757
But the tide turned when Wolfe
and Amherst reduced Louisburg and
Wolfe defeated Montcalm, the great
est of the French Governors, on the
Plains of Abraham in 1883. France
had lost all but a fraction Of her
American empire by 1853. Then de-
veloped a lengthy contest between
Britain and her rebellious Colonies
for control of Canada's destiny.
Ethan Allen attempted to take Mon
treal and Arnold and Montgomery
besieged Quebec in ITS. Sir Guy
Carleton and General John Burgoyne
led expeditions into New York in
I776 and 1777. At the close OF the
Evening star., 1943-01-07
Denies That Churches
Are Pacifistic.

To the Editor Of The Star:
Under an Associated Press date line,
DR.. F. Ernst Johnson, executive secretary,
Federal Council Of Churches Of Christ in
America, is quoted as saying that there
exists pacifist movement Of tire
mendous strength" in Protestant
churches throughout the Nation If
this be true, it is safe to say that this
spasm of pacifism is not that of the
laymen OF these churches and that there
are countless pastors who are as loyal
to their Government as the laymen.
understand that some of the
younger clergymen have been exposed
to the poison of pacifism in certain
denominational schools where irresponsi-
BILE faculty members have been per-
mitted to expound their half-baked
theories; and that some Of our sup
posedly responsible secular institutions
negligence, but the Methodist bishops
of the United States, in their pronounce
ment Of 1912, must have Jared the
paciflsts when they said: There has
arisen in the world pagan philosophy,
driven by un-Christian motives and bent
upon establishing its will upon mankind.
Against this theology and Its supporters
Of the United Nations have set them
selves with grim determination. We
pledge ourselves to the destruction Of
this brutal and unwarranted aggression
and to the preservation for all mankind
Of the sacred liberties Of free peoples"
Religious News Service, reporting the
meeting of seven major interdenomina-
tional bodies in Cleveland, said accord
ing to The Star Of December 10, "The
Federal Council Of Churches, represent
ing Is denominations, adopted Its strong
est statement on the war to date, de-
Evening star., 1943-01-07

O. What horse was the leading money
winner in ls42?-H. T. B.
A. The leading money winner was
Shut Out with total of S238972.
@. Why is the Hudson River called
the North River?-N. K. E.
A. The Hudson River was first ex-
plored in 1909 by Henry Hudson, from
whom it received its name. In early
days North River was often applied to
this river in distinction from the Della
ware or South River, and this name is
still given by New Workers to its lower
part.
@. How many automobiles were reg
istered in the United States and in Eng
land in l93s2-W. w.
A. The 1899 registration Of passenger
cars in the United States was 2e,os6 7O5.
In 1899 the passenger cars registered in
the United Kingdom numbered 1.847000.
G. How much iron is there in the hu-
man body?-L. F. B.
A. The total amount of iron in the
body of healthy adult is about one
tenth to one-seventh of an ounce, not
much more than there is In a single nail.
@. What are the dimensions of cord
of wood2-R. E. L.
A. A cord of wood Is feet long,
feet wide and feet high usually. 1t Is
legally in the United States pile or
stack equivalent to 1913 cubic feet of wood
and air space.
@. Was Gen. Rommel ever In the
United States?-C. v. B.
A. 1t Is reported that In 1885 the
German general entered this country as
student Of history. He is known to
have covered the locality of every action
in the Civil War from Gettysburg, Pa,
down through the valley of Virginia,
seeking battles in which Jackson partici-
pated and making complete study of his
tactics which he Is supposed to have
adapted to desert warfare in Africa
@. Please give the origin Of the word
"agony."-E. A. B.
A. In ancient Greece, "agon" was q
public assembly, especially one charac-
terized by games and athletic contests
for which prizes were awarded. Gradu-
ally the word broadened to mean any
physical struggle, probably from the
facial expression of athletes exertinn
themselves to the limit OF their powers,
and finally to signify any anguish of
mind or body.
@. OF what does bee colony con-
sist?-M. C. G.
A. Normally, a colony consists OF one
queen bee, the mother Of the colony:
thousands OF undeveloped females called
workers, which normally lay no eggs but
build the comb, gather stores, clean the
hives and feed the young and do other
work. During part OF the year there
are also present some hundreds of males
or drones whose only service is to mate
with young queens
@. Where Is Sunda Strait?-D. MP
A, Sunda Strait is the channel sepa-
rating Sumatra from Java and uniting
the Indian Ocean with the Java Sea.
1t is from 20 to 100 miles wide and con-
tains a number of volcanic islands the
most noted of which Is Krakatoa.
Evening star., 1943-01-07

Those gay, peasantlike head
scarves the girls are wearing may or
may not be attractive, depending on
the taste of the observer. Inasmuch
as they run to light colors, they are
good life insurance for those wear
ing them across intersections these
duSky evenings.
Evening star., 1943-01-07
Letters to the Editor

Letters to the Editor must
bear the name and address of
the 1Oriter, although the use of
q pseudonym for publication is
permissible. The Star reserves
the right to edit all letters 1Cith
q rie1U to condensation.
Evening star., 1943-01-07

Remember the French force that
started northward from the Lake
Chad region to attack Rommels left
flank? 1t has been compelled to veer
almost daily to the left.