davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1943-06-27

Despite the barrage of criticism directed
at the administration for its wartime
domestic policies, or, as some suggest,
lack of policies, the name of Franklin D.
Roosevelt is first on the lips of those
Latin American peoples to the south who
at least for the time being seem to be
convinced that the North American policy
Of good neighborliness Is genuine.
The writer was one of a little group of
American newspapermen who braved
June iE Havana, airways priorities and
suspicion of the Army and Navy INTEL
hgence services to represent the United
States at the second Pan-American Press
Congress from June to 13. Practically
all of the advance arrangements for the
transportation and accommodation of
the North Americans broke down or dis
appeared, but we feel we accomplished
something-if only to allay the fear in
the minds of our fellow journalists to
the south that the United States is too
busy with the war to take time out to
attend their congress. In fact we were
invited to and did accept part In the
permanent Asciada American de
Prensa which grew out of the meeting.
But on every hand was this question:
What, after President Roosevelt? viii
the next United States administration
continue this policy of good neighborli-
ness? Will the next Vice President show
enough interest in us TO learn Spanish
and speak to us in our own tongue?
fyice President Wallace's Spanish
speeches seem to have made vast i'm
pression)
Insofar as the congress was concerned
the Cuban and Mexican delegations, the
largest, lived up to their roles as good
neighbors. The cry of Yankee imperial
ism," heard so often at Latin American
gatherings of the past was conspicuously
absent. Once Haitian delegate, entirely
unannounced laid the woes OF the
Haitian peon to the United States. But
he spoke In French and every one was so
full of arroz con polio at the luncheon
meeting that little attention was paid to
him. A Mexican delegate who followed
hoped that the Atlantic Charter would
bring freedom to Mexico, Puerto Rico and
Cuba. This struck sour note with the
Cubans-very proud of their freedom.
The North American newspaper am
bassadors of good wiIl-10 from the
United States, / from Canada, third in
point of numbers at the congress-were
entirely on their own. Many of the
Evening star., 1943-06-27
Gus Yield in Nitrates and Phosphorus

food, and calcium metaphosphate,
brand-new product, which is s4 per cent
plant food.
He explained that IVA makes these
fertilizers by first producing elemental
phosphorus through the electric furnace
method. 1t was not the first time phos-
phorus had been produced in this way
but it was considered an expensive proc
ess and 1t had never been used as an in
termediate step in phosphate fertilizer
production, Copson said.
Phosphorus for Bombs.
"It was good thing this method was
adopted" he remarked, because IVA
happened to be in a position to produce
phosphorus for incendiary bombs, when
the war broke out"
AS for ammonium nitrate-the original
reason for the Muscle Shoals plant-by
the time World War II arrived, American
chemical engineers knew great deal
more about the Haber process than they
did in 1915. iva was able to make am
monium nitrate in great quantities US
ing the original equipment plus brand
new synthetic ammonia plant.
The first step in making ammonium nj
trate under the Haber process is to make
ammonia by forcing nitrogen and hydro
gen together at high pressure. iva then
makes ammonia into nitric acid, COM
bines this with more ammonia-and am
monium nitrate is the result.
In both phosphorus and nitrogen, there
are terrible powers of destruction, and
at the same time beneficial powers of
soil building. There is only a delicate
shading between.
Ammonium nitrate. the iva chemists
say, never before had been used as fer
tilizer in this country except in solution.
Starting couple of weeks ago shipments
went out to farmers for application as
top dressing, in powdered form.
There is storage problem that hasn't
been licked: It seems that ammonium
nitrate cakes in storage. 1t tends to alb
sorb moisture very rapidly. Some way
will have to be found to store it success
fully.
I'm confident we'll solve the problem" /"
Dr.. Copson said. I'VE are working on sew
eral possibilities now
Evening star., 1943-06-27
By Mar Hall,
Associated Press Writer.

WILSON DAM, La.-Here in the
Muscle Shoals area of Northern Alabama
is the war plant that got a second
chance-and made good
Most people remember Muscle Shoals,
the immense chemical plant built by the
Government to produce nitrates for ex-
plosives in the first World War; few re-
call that the plant never produced a
spoonful of chemicals for use in thatwar.
After 1918. the plant lay idle for Is
years, sprawled like mile-long white
elephant near the south bank of the
Tennessee River, until the Tennessee
Valley Authority took it over and began
making fertilizer.
Now, in the second World War, the
plant has vindicated itself. It's ammo
MUM nitrate, mixed with INT to form
deadly amatol, has gone into shells and
bombs in vast quantities, and, now that
the Sxmy doesn't need any more ammo
mum nitrate from Muscle Shoals for a
while, the compound is being shipped
out as fertilizer to increase food pro-
duction
Huli.lollluIl illtidtc 10 oily PdAt oA
the story, The Muscle Shoals plant to-
day is turning out phosphorus for incen-
diary bombs, highly-concentrated phos-
phatic fertilizer for lease-lend shipment
to England, and calcium carbide for max
inig synthetic rubber.
500 Yards of Furnaces.
Recently, I went through the smoky,
smelly conglokneration of buildings con-
nected by black pipes curving Like great
snakes over the Alabama landscape:
stood cringing in front of row of elec-
trio furnaces third of mile long, out
of which roared Satanic masses of flame
and yellow smoke.
I heard the story of this old plant
that made comeback, from couple of
COOL precise young chemists, Dr. r. L.
Copson, chief of the research and de-
velopment division of Twas department
of chemical engineering, and DR.. Grady
Tarbutton, senior chemist Of the division.
The plant, still known by its original
name of ~. s. Nitrate Plant No. ~ Is
Evening star., 1943-06-27

cause I'VE in this
country just didn't
k n o W e ugh
about the Haber
proc ess at that
time" This plant,
or its shell, still
stands idle.
Meantime t he
Government, not
wanting to risk all
on the new proc
ess, had author
lied Nitrate Plant
No. a. the present
iva plant. This
was to use the old,
C o nj plicated, ex-
pei1sive and un-
s at is factory cy-
-anamid process of
making a m m O.
MUM nitrate. The
arm stice was
signed before the
plant was ready.
A tiny amount was
produced after the
arnistice, just to
S h o W it W ould
work. Then the
doors swung shut.
wills SON Dam
nearby had been
started during the
war in connection
with the plans for
the nitrate plants.
1t was not CON-
pleted until 1925.
Power from Will
son D a m first
poured into the
great electric fur
naces of Nitrate
Plant No. 2" In
1888, when IVA
was created.
iva decided the
greatest fertilizer
need of the re-
S. The old type
.izer. Dr.. Copson
per cent plant
Evening star., 1943-06-27
SHOALS FLOP OF WORLD FIGHTING Ak
O. Process Bn sTremndo in NhnHad PhophruY

managed by Arthur
Miller. chief chem
ical e n,g in e e r of
.TVA. Copson and
Tarbutton. are two
of his lieutenants.
The story goes
back, they said, to
1914, when a Ger
man named Fritz
Haber, helped by
two others named
Nernst and Bosch,
developed a proc,
ess for fixing"
nitrogen. Nitrogen
exists in linitless
quantities in the
air, but it can't be
used In explosives
unless fixed" or
forced into a COM
pound with certain
other e lie m e n t S.
Nitrog e n isn't a
good mixer, but
H a b e r fixed" it,
and they say his
ghost screams every
time a bomb packed
with explosi e | yes
made by his proc
ess crashes on a
German war fac
tory.
Haber's work is
supposed to have
made World War /
possible for Ger
many. The United
States at that time
was making Its ex-
plosives from So
dium nitrate ship
ped from m Chile,
where 1t was found
In natural form. In
1916 German SUD-
marines and raid
ers were interfering
seriously with those
shipments, so the.
cided to develop q I
Evening star., 1943-06-27

gion was phosphates. The old type
Of phosphate fertilizer. DR.. Copson
said, was only 10 per cent plant
Evening star., 1943-06-27

shipments, so the United States de-
cided to develop nitrogen fxation in-
dustry to guarantee supply.
Evening star., 1943-06-27

tSee HAVANA, Page C-3.)
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-03-29

Baylor university is located at
Waco. Tc'~
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-03-29
OPA Form, No. .R-f313C

weeks freeze" are putter, lard,
shortening, margarine and salad
or cooking oils. The canned meats
and fish category includes:
Brains, sausage, chill con carne,
deviled ham, dried beef, hams and
picnics. Luncheon meat, meat loaf,
meat spreads, pigs feet, potted and
deviled meats, tamales, tongue,
Vienna sausage, bonito, caviar,
crabmeat, fish roe, mackerel, sal
mon, sardines, sea herring, tuna
and yellow tail.
Some OF these products, of
course, have been procureable all
through the freeze" in bulk or
in containers not hermetically seal
ed. Not all of them will be avail
able as the sale of cans and glas-
ses of them resumes today under
point-rationing, since the supply of
several of the foods is basically
short.
All the canned fish is point-value
at seven points a pound, while
the other products will take vary
ing values, ranging from two
points pound for canned tamales
and bone-in pigs feet to II points
pound for glassed dried beef.
Most of the cans offered are be-
low the pound size, SO that around
3 to 5 points will be enough for
the average can.
Even with the start of meat and
cheese rationing, a variety OF al
lied foods remain on an unrestrlct-
ed basis. Among these are poul-
try, either fresh or canned; do
mestic rabbit and game; soft
cheeses such as cream, cottage and
Camembert; eggs and milk.
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-03-29
KEYNOTES K
By PIERRE KEY

and sang the part to the satisfac.
ton of the most discriminating
They're Saying
--- That Gladys Swarthout's
performance Of Carmen at tn
Metropolitan was the finest. in
song and characterization, of the
many this native American h a S
ever given there. And that Miss
Swartaout will sing fewer recitals
and oftener on the radio this com
ing year.
= That Helen Jepson is
finding it difficult to find time to
satisfy all the demands made up-
on her Tor her contracted appear
ances in concert, and also those
before the men in the various arm
ed service.
- That Nino Martini's Ala
mavlva in the Metropolitan's final
Barber Of Seville" representation
found this lyric tenor at his hap
piest.
That Igor Gorinis one of
the most Travelled baritones in man.
agerial captivity; and fast becom-
ing one of the best liked by the
audiences he sings for.
--- That Prince George Chav-
chavadze has contributed much
through his pianistic achievements
in his own charity fund raising
project given at his New Jersey
estate, and is being congratulated
for his endeavors in the new "Ser-
enade' series being presented at
New Yorx's Museum of Modern
Art.
Round and About
A favorite tenor with the Met
ropolitan Operas conductors is
Frederick Jagel-who is always in
fine voice, always letter perfect
in each of the many roles he has
sung there this season, and can
las ne has done this season. sing
on half dozen successive days
with his tones fresh and vibrant.
Reliable Freddy remarked one
of the Metropolitan's maestri the
Other day.
Nothing new in the New York
Philharmonic Symphony situa-
ton. Conductor-elect Artur Rod
zinsAi is scheduled to go before
the trial board of Local 802 of the
musicians union next month.
Josef Holman and Vladimir Ho.
rowitz are two of the pianistio
giants who were heard here re.
Gently in recitals. The latter-who
is Arturo Toscanini's son-in-law-
will be soloist when the latter con.
ducts the NBC Symphony Orches.
ira in Carnegie Hall.
Other events of major inpor.
tance given here in the past few
days were Lotte Lehmann's Town
Hall song recital, with Conductor
Bruno Walter at the piano; the
Boston Symphony's two Carnegie
Hall programs; and the one pre-
sented in the same place by the
PHILADELPHIA Orchestra,
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-03-29
DAVIS HEAD LAUDS
HOSPITALITY HERE
Continued From Page One)

tary speaker, Colonel Potts; Com
munity speaker, Mayor Vow; Pre-
sentation Of staff, Director Gordon
Avison: Band concert, 445th Coast
Artillery band.
Fourth and Ann club: Military
speaker Colonel Potts; Communi-
ty speaker, Harry S. Wellott; Con-
cert by Third Army Ground Forces
band, and vocal selections by Cor
poral Riggio. Refreshments.
Fifth and Orange club: Commu-
nifty speaker; Musical program by
Camp Davis band; Spirituals and
Southern melodies by male quar-
let from shipyard; Recital by Mrs.
Eric Norden. Refreshments. This
program will be held in the garden
weather permitting.
Third and Grace club: Informal
reception. Refreshments.
Ninth and Nixon club: Military
speaker, Colonel Potts. Community
speaker, Senator Wade; What USO
Means to e''-Cul. Charles +.
Anderson, 55th Defense Battalion,
Marine base: Review of USO club
work, Director George Harrison.
Concert - Post Band No. 2, Camp
Davis; Musical program by talent
from Camp Davis, Myrtle Beach
and Marine base; Refreshments;
Program in charge Of H. Carl Moul-
trie and T. J. Rogers.
The Open House" programs
were arranged by the program
committee composed of D. M. Dar-
den, general chairman; Mrs.
Hume, co-chairman; Howard Can
stier, program; Mr.. Riley, mill
tary cooperation; F. O. Fockler,
community cooperation; and the
house committees of the respec-
tive USO clubs.
The USO drive for funds will
not be held this spring, as has
been the custom, but will be held
next November as part OF the
combined National War Fund and
Community Chest campaign.
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-03-29
AMERICANS HALT
JAPS NEAR KISKA
Continued From Page One)

a short-range encounter in which
the cargo vessels could have been
damaged.
Credence to that possibility was
given by the size of the enemy
force which accompanied only two
cargo vessels. This indicated their
cargoes were of exceptional value
to the japanese garrison at the
bomb-5attered Kiska base.
Possibilities were that the cargo
consisted of planes or replacement
parts for japanese bombers and
lighters damaged by the % bomb
ing raids by American fliers on
Klska in the last month. Recent
communicates. including one earl
Ter today which told of the 29th
bombing of Kiska, also on Friday,
nave rarely mentioned any Jap
anese aerial opposition. Also, men
uon OF anti-aircraft fire from the
Mska base has been infrequent re-
Gently.
Ihe war in the Pacific took an
other new turn with the report of
a raid by two Japanese planes
on the U. S. base on Canton Is
land in the mid-Pacific area. Only
hght damage was inflicted, the
Navy said, giving no additional de-
tails On the attack.
Canton, in the Phoenix Island
group, 1,60O miles southwest of
Honolulu, is coral atoll, which
forms triangular land-locked la
goon-a perfect setting for a sea-
plane base. 1t is only about 700
miles north of the big naval base
at Samoa.
A series of five other raids by
bombing planes flying over the
south Pacific also was reported
by the Navy. The japanese in
lurn bombed American positions
on Guadalcanal. In that Solomon
Islands attack enemy bombs kill
ed one man, injured 13 others and
caused slight material damage.
Neven planes took part in the raid.
Other south Pacific bombing
RAIDS included two more on Mum
"a, japanese base on New Georgia
lsland, boosting to 100 the number
VI tunes American planes have nit
mat position. In one raid Japa-
nese barge was strafed in Roviana
lagoon; in the other supply dump
was blown up and a fire started.
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-03-29
Promising Young Americans


NEW YORK. - Salutations to
four young Americans, and mar.
ticularly to two young women, who
won the current Metropolitan Au-
ditions of the Air. Patrice M,,r..,
l7-year-old coloratura soprano and
Christine Johnson, contralto. were
the first" who each received a
goo and a contract to appear At
the Metropolitan. James Peasa
bass-baritone, n d John Baker
baritone, got $500 each and are
eligible to sing at the Metrono1i.
tan. Considerable talk is afloat
concerning Miss Munsel, because
OF her extreme youth, exceptional
voice, and personal attractiveness
The Metropolitan finished its
current season of opera with such
credit that everyone thereabouts
is in high spirits over the season
to come. At this moment a fort
night of opera is being given bv
the Metropolitan in Chicago: its
first visit to the Windy CITY in
many years.
The record of different operas
and neavy patronage should make
General Manager Edward John
son, and Assistant General Man.
ayers Edward Ziegler and Earle
R. Lewis happy-as it has. Also:
the record of our native American
principals is one to shout about,
The Ladies Were First
Leon Barzin, whose training of
young orchestra players has made
the National Orchestral Association
a source from which most of our
major symphony orchestras obtain
players. is giving young women
their deserved opportunities. At
the latest concert given in Carne-
gle Hall by this organization the
women members, replacing those
young men who are now in the
armed forces, distinguished them
selves. Also several soloists E.
singer and six instrumentalists
Up at the Juilliard School of
Music the entire cast which gave
four cledjtable performances of
Glucx's "Orpheus" consisted of
young women students in b h
masculine and feminine roles. Once
again it was a case of ladies DOM
mating the situation. And tn e y
merited the applause bestowed by
the several audiences with
Conductor Albert Stoessel keeping
everything under control.
Orchids for Dorothy Maynor for
her only New York recital which
she gave with distinguished sue
cess the other evening in Carnegie
Hall. Miss Maynor's voice was
like liquid velvet, from her first
song to the last.
New York is still talking about
Rose Bampton's superb Elsa in
the Metropolitan last 'Lohen-
grin" Of the season. A regal fig
ure was Rose. She looked, acted,
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-03-29
RATI0NINC

By The Associated Press
..s Cheese, Fats. Canned Fish

NpatS, tHccSo' Reuse Oou ASA
n,d coupons marked "a" in ra-
=, hook No. are valid this week
n,,ving beef, veal, pork, lamb,
,++on hard cheeses, butter, mar
.;re shortening, edible oils and
Saned or glassed fish and meat.
ur.a sn, coupons will be good next week.
.D,, ~ noints the following week, etc.
,,,rditv is on monthly cumulative
..;s a - that is, "a" coupons not
O' .1 this week may be turned in
snv later time through April 80.
NAV B, C and D coupons not re-
',irad in the weeks they are cur
iIr Iprocessed Fruits and Vegetables
THE D, E, F blue coupons are val
!, through April 80. The A, B, C
"oints cannot be used after next
Wednesday.
coupon II in book No. 1 good for
five pounds through May 81.
COFFEE
Coupons &c in book No. 1 good for
ono pound through April 25.
SHOES
Coupon II in boog No. 1 good for
mo pair through June Is.
GASOLINE
No. "a" coupons valid through
Iulv q in the East, where they are
GOOD for three gallons each. Valid
through May 81 elsewhere ana good
for four gallons each. Holders of
"A" books must have tire inspec-
tion by March 81.
FUEL OIL
Period coupons valid to April
Il in zone A, April - in zone B,
April in zones c and d. Worth 8
and 50 gallons (household and insti-
tutional type coupons. respectively
in New York Except Adirondack
resion) New Jersey, Pennsylvania
Massachusetts,, Connecticut and
Rhode Island: and 80 gallons in
rest Of east; 10 and 100 gallons in
Washington. Oregon. Kentucky, 20
western counties Of Idaho and south
ern counties of Ohio, Indiana, Illi-
nois, Missouri and Kansas; II and
llO gallons in other oil-rationed
Midwest states. Period 5 coupons
worth 10 and 100 gallons in east 4;
Mme rs neriod / elseWhare.
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-03-29

The number of each red stamp i'll War Ration
Book Two indicates its point value" The letter
indicates the period during which it is valid.
See schedule above. Expiration date of e stamps
to be announced later
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-03-29
BOSTON POLICE
HEADS INDICTED
Charged With Conspiracy To
Permit Operation Of
Gambling Houses

BOSTON March 28-(P)-Seven
high Boston police officials, in
GLIDING Commissioner Joseph P.
Timilty and Superintendent Ed
ward W. Fallon, were indicted on
a charge of conspiracy Saturday
and within a few hours had tenn
porarily severed their connections
with the department and had been
supplanted.
A Suffolk county grand jury,
which has been investigating con-
ditions in Boston, charged all seven
with conspiracy to permit the op-
GRAFTON of gaming houses and the
registration Of bets.
The Boston probe was ordered by
Attorney General Robert T. Bush
nell and followed by only short
time numerous raids in Boston by
state police, without advance no
tice to Boston officials.
AS a result of a recent grand
jury finding, DR.. Harry J. Sagan-
sky, Boston dentist, was sent to
state prison for 2 IL years and
fined $4,000 on a charge of oper-
ating a fictitious lottery that al
legedly crossed 500, ,00O,O 900 in eight
years. DR.. Sagansky pleaded gull
ty to the charge.
Sagansky was brought from pris-
on only Friday to testify furth-
er before the grand jury at the
same session at which Timilty,
Fallon and other Boston police Of
ficers were witnesses.
At their arraignment all seven
policemen pleaded innocent and
were released in $4,000 personal
recognizance until Monday, when
permanent bail will be set.
In addition to the commissioner
and the superintendent, those IN
dicted were Deputy Superinten-
dents James r. Clafli and John M.
Anderson, Captains John A. Dor
sew and Edward J. Keating, and
Detective Sergeant Arthur Eun-
son.
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-03-29

New York is still talking about
Rose Bampton's superb Elsa in
the Metropolitan's last 'Lohen-
grin" Of the season. A regal fig
ure was Rose. She looked, acted,
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-03-29
MEAT RATI0NINC
EFFECTIVE TODAY
Continued From Page One)

REQUIRE a variety of point values
for example, hamburger takes
five points a pound, center pork
chops seven points, a pound OF but.
ter eight and 15-ounce can OF
salmon seven.
Also effective today are new
noint rationing values for several
kinds of canned goods. Fruit and
vegetable juices take fewer points
than in the first % days of March,
while peaches, pineapple and ap-
plesauce require more. Dried
fruits will take no points at all.
The fats-and-oils products re-
turning to shelve; today after a
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-03-29
City.Briefs
RETURN HOME

Sgt. and Mrs. L. G. Page left
Sunday afternoon for their home
in Gulfport, Miss, after visiting
their parents, Mr.. and Mrs. Les
lie NJ. Page, at their home OH
Carolina avenue.
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-03-29
Berlin Says One Million
Youths Enter Hitler Group
(By The Associated Press)

tBy The Associated PreSS)
n, Inc Berlin radio said yesterday
sunday that more than one mil
lion German boys and girls who
nad reached the age of IA were
sworn " into the Hitler youth organi-
1allon !. by Arthur Axman, chief OF
'iie e, National Socialist party.
me principal ceremony was
neld ,l in the Berlin opera house,
wl'h Amman broadcasting to other
y. youth groups gathered throughout
m me country, the announcement
=, Gulnea pig population of t h e
united States amounts to 100000,
according to estimates of experts.
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-03-29

cured canned beef lamb
cheese margarine shortening cooking
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-03-29

and sang the part to the satisfac-
ton OF the most discriminating.
They're Saving