davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Ohio Waisenfreund. [volume] (Pomeroy, O. [Ohio]) 1874-1953, 1943-10-27
Oaitt,pod, ben ~. Sftober 1913

Ger Sefllotralte un0 DER glt1ef1 Sa0es
oeltlid5er ausgeprdgt als in BEN
|idneren Stunoen Der gfieoerlagen
uno Ser Griifungen.
! Sd ielblt babe in Ser 3eit Ser t1g-
liden 6eltl6en 2uftangriffe auf 2or=
BON, in elmer 3eit, oa bie Snpaiion
gnglanos bebor5uiteben idien, als
2nftidubtpart ulltdelid uno alnddt=
| lid @elegenbeit gebabt, bie Geaftion
Der britiiden 8epolferung auf oie
angriffe Der beatlden 2ufttpaffe au
beobadten Da tpar feline ger5peif-
lung uno feline Soffnungsloiigfeit, ba
mar nur oie neber5eugung: vWe can
tafe it! 8e min repap it!'' Nuf oen
5eritorten Sauiern muroen fleine bri-
tiide Hapierfabnen altfgepflan5t; es
eri6ienen 5mar al1d bier S,lidriften
auf BEN 8dnoen, aber tie !paren s,,=
meiit bon &unor: ug8ir baben feline
|Seniter, unier @eiddft lit oabe- oife-
|ner oenn ie'', ooer Gan bem GebGuoe
Ser Gum SSnIurance Company u&it-
Ter fann 11nler Sous aerItoren, aber
er fann nidt bie Sonne 5er1toren." "
Soer (ean5 fiir5lt6): uDas iit gar
ni6ts. sic iolten erit uniere @ie~
oerlage IN Samburg ieben!" 0ie ser=
itorten StraBen 2onoons un6 Goben-
|trDs tuaren ni6t abgeiperrt, uno ies
Der Weni6 fonnte ieben, mas geide=
ben mar. @s mar 1tienato perboten.
oem oeutiden Senoer 5u5uboren, uno
ielbit in BEN 6unfeliten Sagen oes
&rieges ladten bie gngldn6er iiber
oie Sen0ungen oes 6el1tl6en &uno-
funfs in englii6er Spra6e. ltn6 bieI-
lei6t lit nidts fenn5ei6nenber fir 5ie
|englii6e Stimmung als Ser Spisna-
me, oen ite oem 6euti6en &unofunf=
propaganoiiten Sopce gaben: 2orb
SatpzSatp (ettpa berglei6bar oen nd-
ielnoen oeuti6en 2el1tnant). Die 3ei-
tnngen ourften idreiben, mas tie
ptrfli6 oa6ten, uno inn Sp6e 9arf
fann ie0er au6 be,te ipie ieit Sssabr-
5ebnten por einem freitpiuigen Mu6i=
tortnm feline Meinung auBern, au6
menn fie no6 10 iebr gegen Die &e=
giering geri6tet lit. Mandesmal fin
oen ii6 BORT aud 8oli5iiten ein. Mber
als 3uborer, uno tie Ia6en.
Ils Ser &rieg ausbra6, tpuBte ie-
ser gnsldnoer, oaB fem 2ano nidt
eeriiitet par. gr puBte, 6aB er 5u
8eginn S6lage in &auf nebrnen
miiBte. gr parb fir feline &riegsan-
leiben NIT oen @orten: ,,Speno to
oefeno!' >Mad orei Sabren aber, inn
Serbit 1912, tpuroe Elm 8ort an oie-
Ter Barole gednoert. gs bieb nun:
|uSpeno to attaf!'' 9as NOR bas Sig
tai fir Oas britiIde @olf, oaB es NUM-
|mebr ltarf genug getporpen iei Inn
|ni6t nur S6lage ein5uitedett, ionbern
|au6 Inn S6ldge aus5uteilen. Dieies
|britiide Golf batte 11idt cine Sefunoe
lang geglal1bt, 6aB es beiiegt neroen
tonne. gs bate nielnals an ser &C.
|re6tigfeit ieiner Sad6e ge5ipeifelt un6
les pollte immer iiegen. ..,
ltno Damn Tam Der Mngriff. gs
|fam 81. N1amein uno 2ibpen, Eunis,
|Si5ilten, es fam Die slttade gegen oie
oeuti6en u=8oote inn Mtlantif, es fam
Die 2uftoffeniipe gegen Deutidla1b
[nno Stalien, es fam Der Mngriff auf
politil6em @ebiet gegen Die Sdpan,
Ohio Waisenfreund. [volume] (Pomeroy, O. [Ohio]) 1874-1953, 1943-10-27

IS S % a; :s: & . ..a's s. Rs. @ g
Detroit evening times., 1943-09-07

IN the State Of Michigan com
mon-laW marriages are recognized
~ valid. Those couples who main
tain such relationship arc bound
by the same obligations as exist IN
civil marriages and can only be
separated by means OF a legal d.
EOrCe.
The difficulty arises in many
eases when couples are required to
furnish proof OF tf7rT CUT1UOn-taW
marriage Especially Is this true
when a wife must present proof IN
order 10 receive an allotment from
her husband IN service.
Some couples also would like 10
have a civil ceremony performed
later on, with the dates of their
marriage recorded tom nc tfnfe=
they first assumed a Common-law
relationship
In tOdaF'S WAR PROBLEM
CLINIC. Judge James r Chenot
Of the WaYc County Circuit court
explains what can be done 20 eS-
tahliSh the proof necessary IN d
COmmOr-ldW marriage
Detroit evening times., 1943-09-07

IT SEEMS strange 10 recall
Il that only since 1916 have We
been certain OF the way 10 pre-
vent typhoid fever. This was
when Pershing's troops entered
Mexico. They were all immu-
nized against typhoid and after
a campaign during which they
encountered all sorts OF Sani-
tsry conditions and all sorts OF
drinking water. they returned
without a single case Of typhoid
having been reported IN the
command
: ! talked 10 medical officers in
.1l7~ who had been on that ex-
IIdition and they said it was
noticeable that the older off
GERS would sat around with
kind Of lost 4xprnSsion- -aS-lE
they missed something. Finally
one of them one night slapped
his knee and said:
by golly. ] know what II II
no typhoid"
And that was only II years
ago.
TT Is true the United States
i Army began universal vaccina-
ton against typhoid before that
as early as 1909. And in 1911
there was a Maneuver Division
a. San Antonio, Tex, with A
strength of 1900 men who
Detroit evening times., 1943-09-07

completed their maneuVerS with
two cases OF typhoid developing
(both in men who had some
how escaped vaCcination) But
these maneuvcrS were conducted
over terrain where there was
fairly good supervision Of water
supply, and the Mexican eNpe-
dition. as | said, moved around
in a completely unSanltary dis
trict
The record is a glarng con-
traSt with that Of division At
Jacksonville. Fla. in 1898,
where 2,693 cases of typhoid
were reported with 248 deaths.
ALMOTH WRIGHT proposed
a typhoid vaccination before
1900. and the British tried II
out during tho Boer War But
right in the middle or II they
began 10 wobble
The British do everything well
and when tfffey wobble TREY
make a masterpiece of IL. Some
staff officer though the vacclna-
ton took too much time, caused
too much temporary invalidlsm,
so he overrode the medical Of
ficers and about half the vac
cinatlons were incompleted. The
result was that the British had
"A great deal Of typhoid during
the Boer triumph.
This experience almost threw
the whole procedure into dlSre-
Detroit evening times., 1943-09-07
How to Submit
Your Problems
To Clinic Experts


Write your problems 10
WAR PROBLEM CLINIC,
The Detroit Times, Detroit,
Mich.
You must sign YOUR name
and address. although no
names will be published but
Will be held in strictest con-
fidenCe. DO NOT write di-
rcctlv- -memheFs-ef the
panel.
These authoriGes\make up
the WAR PROBLEMCLIN1C
panel.
Judge James T.. Chenot
Edward PokOrny
Rev. Joseph A. Foley, :. y.
Fred VI. ButHel
Dr. Robert O.. Foster
DIR. Alfred McClung Lee
Mrs. Frances Sanderson
Miss Elya VI. Forncreok
John X. Watkins
Mrs. Irene r. Murphy
Miss Mary VI. O'Neill
Walter VI. r. Scott
Detroit evening times., 1943-09-07
Connolly Answers

la "Short'nin Bread Chl
Home on the Range Co
"Old Folks at Home
2-fa) Guadalcanal; lbl Milan.
O,JTCT Australia
3-CsJ Walt Whitman, Van
AmcrRc a n Primer th)
Charles Kingsley. a Fare
wcll"; tc) Shakespeare, As
You Like It."
IA Lullaby, (b) Polish;
tc) conservatory.
5--ta) Arkansas, .(b) New
York; tc) Maine
6-(a) Diamond. tb) emerald.
(c) pearl.
la Die MeisterSinger.
Wagner, tb) Aida" Verdi
(c) The Daughter of the
Regiment" Donizettl
Copyright. l945. by King Features
Detroit evening times., 1943-09-07

THE Wireless; What the
Il NaziS have won in four
years of war was nutshelled by
Winston Churchill:
1--WE see the Germans hated
as no race has ever been hated
In human history, or with such
good reason" SO newsy
was the Prime Minister'S adj
dress that Bill Henry comph-
mented:
"Not only II he the master
OF the resounding phrase, but
he is also source OF informa-
tion" It's fun 10 watch the
sinking NaziS weasel with
words 10 alibi their beatlngs.
The licking at Taganrog the
worst OF the summer, forced
one Of the Berlin liaFs TO think
fast. He reported the scram-
merS fighting their way 10 the
west which is like saying a
drowning man is making IA
vorable progress toward the
bottom OF the sea II any
OF the Owls saboteurS hap
pened TO hear John DAILY from
Algiers the other evening, they
were probably angered by his
tribute 10 it. The Owl broad
casts into Italy. said DAILY. are
doing a lot 20 awaken the
people 10 the futility Of keep
ing up the night 80. CHS has
caught on that lots Of people
stay home az night 10 find
quiet The late-hour warbling
OF Jean Brooks and Raymond
SCOTS mHSieking- nice and
lullng very suitable 20 sand
man time Those teeth
you hear chattering on the
Tokyo short wave cant ALL
be mike fright.
Detroit evening times., 1943-09-07
Wants TO Leave Husband.
Asks Advice About Support

War Problem Clinic,
l came here three months ago
after being separated from Hy
husband 10 months. He was trans
fnrrnd- hereEH EH1akes-gnpf-HpHey
but barely provides decent place
for us 20 live.
Now he is trying 70 turn the
youngest child against me / would
like TO go away, If | only knew
how 10 make sure he Will have 10
send US money each week. ! have
no money 20 get lawyer.
MRS. T. r. p.
Dear Mrs. r. X. T.:
Your family problem Is a seri-
Gus one, because IL concerns the
livelihood Of yourself and child.
You say YOU have no money to
hire a lawyer. You may go 10
the Legal Aid Bureau, 81 W.
Warren, for legal assistance.
EDWARD POKORNY,
Wayne County Friend of the
Court.
Detroit evening times., 1943-09-07
Quick Answers

Whale the young Of which
arc the largest of any species.
> Rat a pair of common
brown barn rats. multiply
ing al an average rate, can
increase 10 more than 300
100000 within three years. II
there are no deaths
3 George Washington. of
course.
4 Woodrow Wilson, 1919
5--John n. Garner.
6-DaniSh West Indies. now
Virgin Islands.
la False because the Mis-
souri, is the longest; tb)
True
s James J. Corbett.
Copyright 1888. by klng- -EeAl-rsa
Detroit evening times., 1943-09-07
Hy Damon lkunyOn

reading his mind from here. hut
don't believe any guy would
be thinking of horses when he
- practically in the middle Of
the war"
You don't know Cpl. Cap
lam" | said.
And We let il 90 at that.
Then two days later / re-
ceived a letter from Cpl. Cap
Ian and l am able 10 report
that my judgment is vindicated.
l knew the corporal would
never let me down. His first
sentence is a comment on the
fact that Marriage won a big
stake out in Chicago and he
adds that he gueSSeS HirSch
Jacobs is sorry he lost that old
horse.
uIRSCH JACOBS is the ia
IL nous trainer of race horses.
Lie claimed Marriage for 81 500
a couple of years ago and lost
HIM To r. \. Coward for $1,000.
But IN the meantime Hirsch
MeR=Alne= eeS=t4tiii II Il ia FE5e.
The new owner has won about
500 900 Hirsch would be less
than human if he did not feel
a slight pang of regret when
he thinks of Marriage. But he
Is most philosophical about
those things and merely re-
marks, that's racing"
The rest Of Cpl. Captains
letter discusses other horses
running on the metropolitan
Detroit evening times., 1943-09-07
Woman Seeks Advice
on Alimony Payments
War Problem Cfmac

War Problem Cimlc
My brother-in-law was divorced
and was granted the custody ol
ms Two children until they reached
the age of l6. He has now rcmar-
rcd
HIS ex-wife has also remarked
and has asked for the two chill
dren. lie does not object 20 this
Now the age limit has been raised
TO II. What is the reason FOR this 9
-NTSO can There BE- any changes
n&ie IN The amount Of almony,
ann how long is tire fAthCr roSppn-
sibie for these payments? Ny Sis
ter has been quite Ill because Of
this while my brothcr-in-lawS cN-
wife is perfectly capable OF holding
any type OF work
MRS. " &. ".
Dear Mrs. Y. {. VI:
Changing social conditions in
the state caused the change
from rs years 10 l. years as 10
custody.
Your question as 10 changes
In the payment ~ alimonv takes
into consideration many a'tors
Detroit evening times., 1943-09-07
VieMs From Upper IcPbOx
If People Ride Trains
1t Isn't Boers Fault
By ARTHUR BUGS" BAER

deeply mbedded in astonlshment over what tne war
effort has done the railroads.
l live the Backwoods, Havoc and Stufy Short Line,
and best moods am listed as perishabfe fegh
I'm travelling in box again. The other night had
upper Northern Pacific refrigerator car and used
paper bags for blankets
In the lower berth a hoss That didn't bother me
much as the schedule have tough time reading
The railroads suffering from exceptions. My train
daily, except mornings and afternoons
could have waited for the old Kitty Flyer but that LETT
|en Saturdays except week-ends.
Then there we're special trains that ran on holidays If
notified years advance and locals that stopped twice
the because the conductor had palsy and
couldn't stop twitchng the bell rope
There the Friday Scooter that stopped signals
only except stations and picked all except
you How would you like go into lunch and order
ham and eggs, except ham?
People travel just because they hoping the train
will hit a cow
The train gets off, drags the under bridge
and starts black market in ons sweebresd and liver
y
Detroit evening times., 1943-09-07
Soldier Overseas
Thinks of Horses

tracks. and while some persons
might feel that he should have
stuck in a little news and gos-
sip of his vicinity. 1 like his
attention to his business at
home. even under what must
be trying conditions. The cor
poralS business is following the
races. l can see that he will be
able to pick up on his return
right where he left off.
TT IS possible. too, that the
Il corporals calm disregard of
the intense scene around him,
his talk of things back here. re-
fleets the soldier mind gener-
ally. Perhaps they all live with
thoughts of the home land.
Thus the Importance of letters
10 them cannot be too strongly
emphasized. In fact. l sat down
and wrote one Immediately to
Cpl. Caplan.
L told him that by the time
he received my letter. Boy
Knight would have won the
Hopeful and Slide Rule the
American Derby, and l can just
see him reading the missive and
then comparing my predictions
with the acutal results boy
knight second, Slide Rule no
where) and remarking:
We'll. the boss is i'm his old
time form at picking 'em."
Copyright. 1913. by King Features
Distributed By International News Service
Detroit evening times., 1943-09-07
War Problem Clinic:
Common-Low Marriages
Have Certain Obligations

concerning the financial circum-
stances of the parties.
You should consult the lawyer
who represented the husband in
the divorce suit.
EDWARD POkORNY.
Detroit evening times., 1943-09-07

QUERIES from clients
" What MAS, the best Of
= 'i';ty-f-''-'ttr mt fr1rSc rdcrnE
background
A--"CheCkers" was probably
the best but l en- iOXed Three
Men on "A Horse" just a much.
g Isn't jeanette Macdonald
the only rcd-haired film star?
Al decline 10 answer this
question as it might injure my
standing with Greer Carson and
Lucille Ball.
Q-When a child-iS born the
father Pas-es-ettt- cigars ms
friends. ! claim the friends
should give cigars 10 The father,
how about it?
Al think YOU are exactly
right and wilt gladly support a
movement TO bring about this
state OF affairs.
g lis il a fact that there was
A Broadway stage hit titled,
IL ttIt-tt ttffrrr--- ttffrrr-- -tiirrtTT 5 Garter
3-fhe veteran producer, \.
III. Woods, presented farce
with that title in the early nine
teen tWenties.
MEN are much better al taxi.
4'A ing stenographic dictauon
than women That's why nearly
all court reporters are men.
-ffft' feminine mind Is TOO much
given 10 wandering 20 take
dlCtatiOn- in court successfully.
Contemporary says:
"Elo Ziegfeld liked large girls.
The average height of Ziesieid
F0llies girls in flo's day Was )
Detroit evening times., 1943-09-07
Living Common-L aw,
Wants to Get Married
WAR PROBLEM CLINIC:

Ny husband wants 70 enlist in
the army and ! am willing 10 give
my consent. We have two chill
drcn My mother has been caring
for them while We both worked.
We have been living as COM
mon-laW man and wife and would
now like 10 get married and have
the date recorded from the time
we started 10 live together. How
can We do this?
MRS. c. /. VI.
-CNrs. +. VI. also asks whether
lack of a marriage license will
prevent her from receiving her
citizenship papers
Dear Mrs. {. l.. VI.
and Mrs. +. NJ;
While common law marriages
are legal aud binding i'm Michi-
gan. the difficulty most COM
monty encountered j. their
proof, If disputed. feHr mar
riage il not recorded in the
public records. and YOU have no
marriage certificate.
The way Ia safeguard your
relationship and the property
rights growing out Of il is To
have the marriage affirmed jul
dicially. At this time, while
YOU are both alive and together,
IL should he easy for YOU 10
present the testimony needed.
Your attorney will advise YOU
nf the nature and extent of IL.
The court, il satisfied by the
evidence, may then decree that
YOU are husband and wife and
that Your marriage was con-
Summated on the date YOU have
proved.
You will then have doCumen-
tarN proof of Nour marriage
which exists in fact now hut il
il not of record.
JUDGE JAMES r. CHENOT
Detroit evening times., 1943-09-07

feet 10 inches" This man is in
crror. he seems 10 he thinking
Of Billy Watson S beef trust
The average height Of the Ileg
field girls was ; feet o inches.
HXNHEN you mentioned the
w many men with the ini-
tials W. ". who have been sue
ceSsful: YOU left out Woodrow
Wilson" writes a New Yorker.
AS for the women of Wichita,
Kan, being the most generally
plump" writes a travelling man,
"you have IL wrong. The most
plump women are found In New
Orleans and Atlanta, Ga. I'm
those towns YOU really see lot
of hippy females. The worst of
IL il that these New Orleans and
Atlanta women stay stout, be
ing too lazy 10 do anything
about H."
you say women with beauti-
ful hands are usually intelli-
gent" writes "A young woman OF
Beverly Hits. II am mani
curist and believe nae, #isteF,
have seen many n dumb and
dizzy dame with beautiful
hands. l am convinced the
shape Of the hand has nothing Ia
do with a perSons's mentality
or artistic sense.
Detroit evening times., 1943-09-07
The Brighter Side

lust the other night bunch
- Of the boys talking about
mutual acquaintance in the
army, said;
What do you suppose Horsie
Burke is thinking about over
there in North Africa"
II beg your pardon" I said.
hut L presume YOU mean Cpl.
Benjamin Caplan as
II mean horse thief Burke out
Of Baltimore" the man replied,
"the fat lad who used To al
ways be around with you at the
race tracks"
"Sir," ] said, chillingly. "you
undoubtedly mean Cpl. Benja-
min Caplan, but kindly drop his
former monicker. 1t il disre-
spectful To a member of our
great army overseas"
"Oh." the man said, apollo
getically.
Detroit evening times., 1943-09-07

TAME.S BARTON. once
- minstrel with Primrose and
West, then a burleSque and mu-
steal comedy comedian but for
the past nine years specializing
in playing the part Of Jeeter
Lester in Tobacco Road" 1t
was in 1884 that Mr.. Barton
-st+eeeeded Henry ffufi in that
part. How many stage notables
can you think OF who played
one part practically all their
career?
There was Joseph Jefferson. in
RIP Van Winkle," Rose Melville
in ISIS Hopkins and Denman
Thompson in The Old Home
stead for example jefferson
played RIP Van Wlnkle for over
40 years.
TAKE these too beautiful
girls, the young females
who are SO conscious of their
charms that they can't think of
anything else. Don't be too hard
on them. In many cases their
parents are 10 blame. As young
sters these now highly conceited
girls were praised too much by
their parents. The idea that their
beauty was something unusual
was impressed on them and they
neHcr- got-over- ts---------.------
Distributed by King Features synd. Inc.
Detroit evening times., 1943-09-07
Dear Mrs. r. L.:

Your suggestion about be-
coming licensed day mother,
so that YOU can care for chill
dren Of working mothers while
YOU are waiting for your own
baby. is an idea that l would
like Ia urge you 10 follow up.
VIII YOU call Children's War
Service. Randolph 1926. for in
structions about becoming
licensed day mother I'm your
own home.
MRS. IRENE v. MURPHY,
family and child welfare secre-
tary, Council OF Social Agencies.
Detroit evening times., 1943-09-07

TIIE magic lanterns: War.
Il ragged on the screens. with
oil branches of the service shoot
ing II out 10 beat the band
Fred Astaire is warrior on
furlough in THE Sky's the
Limit" which gives him time 10
heat out some inspired taps.
Joan Leslie is the co-swirler. the
hoofing being the flicker's saver.
Destroyer" is highlighted
by some bang-bang with Jap
sub. but the yarn, about the old
salt, Edward G.. Robinson. and
the young punk. Glenn Ford, has
sailed a lot OF cinema seas be-
fore, In fact, there's a landlub-
Der version of il in Salute 10
Hpe Marines that shows Wal
zee Beery as retired sarge,
getting young again when the
blue chips are down in the
Philippines. Marilyn Maxwell
and William Lundlgan learn all's
fair in love and war First
Comes Courage is another tale
OF strife in occupied Norway.
the umpty-teenth. Its excite
ment comes from a commando
invasion. This is a filming Of
Elliott Arnold'S The Comman-
dos and gets first rate loving
and-hating from Merle Oberon,
Brian Aherne and others . . IL
you look closely, you'll see the
termites on some OF the So
called newsreels. The narrators
Zone especially are feeling their
way till it's safe 10 plug for a
negotiated peace-whIch is hifa-
lutln' TOR Sell-out.
Detroit evening times., 1943-09-07
Mother Wants 10 Tend
Working Woman's Children
War Problem Clinic:

War Problem Clinic
l am q and the mother Of a
little girl. Ny husband is expect
ing TO 60 into the service soon,
and l am expecting another baby
IN about six months
j. there any sort Of work /
could do? Or could | possibly
Keep children for working
mothers? l have a small home in
the country on a main highway
tea lsrge=pszfiT= i9ltffe AsAAlfetilla-H
have 10 have a permit and am l
old enough?
Detroit evening times., 1943-09-07
SNOU have asked what Cpl.
L Caplan is thinking Of and

L Caplan is thinking of and
! will tell YOU" ! continued He
Is =thiHkiRg=ef the heHses. li==
II doubt it," the man said.
"Not away over there where
probably he can't get n racing
form. 10 say nothing Of ever
seeing race"
''He is thinking of the horses"
said, firmly. What else
could Cpl. Caplan he thinking
of. except. OF course, his duty a.
"a soldier"
well, we can't prove IL by
Detroit evening times., 1943-09-07
Typhoid Fever
Latent Disease
by Dr. Logan CIendening

pute n you arc going to vac
cinate for typhoid. do 1t thor
oughly and completely.
TNPHOID. like several other
Il diseases 49, dlphthera and
smallpox IS almost unknown
now. and thus is likely 10 induce
a fale sense Of security Because
it is only latent We had in my
hospital four cases of typhoid
last year. the first time the
faculty had had an opportunity
20 demonstrate this classical
condition for years.
They were all from one family
Of MeXicanS and wc found that
instead Of using the city water
they had encamped IN a vacant
lot and used a spring.
COURSE, al aTcrt COM
" munlticS have their water
Inspected and Sterillzed which
has etlt down the typifotd rate,
but such experiences as the
above show that individual vac
cination IS still the only certain
way Of protection
The age al which typhoid vac
CinatiOn should be carried out
IS ) 10 S years. RevaCCInatlon
should probably be done if YOU
are going on a journey outside
the country.