davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-01-10

Eugen Weisz will deliver the first
of series of five lectures on art al
$3.50 pm. Tuesday in the auditorium
OF the Corcoran School of Art, Sew
enteenth street and New York ave-
nue. NV.
The subject of the opening lee
ture will be Some Great Works OF
Ancient Times" In the series Mr.
Welsz will present a brief review OF
art from its beginning until today
The dates and subject of subse-
quent lectures are as follows:
January 10, Greek, Roman and
Byzantine Art: January 26. Gothic
sculpture and Renaissance Paint
ing; February 2, Modern Painting
and Sculpture in Europe and Amer
lea" and February 8, Comparison
OF Ancient and Modern Art"
Reproductions of significant paint
lngs and sculpture are to be shown
and analysed to explain the aims
and development of art in the great
civilizations of the past and their
lnnuence on the contemporary
painters and sculptors.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-01-10
War Curtai|ment Dim,
Famous Night Life
'0f Rio de Janeiro
Casinos Close Earlier;
Gambling Is Limited;
Lottery Is Ended
BY RICHARD DYER,
Associated Press Stan Writer

RIO DE JANEIRO, Jan. 9.-This
used to be one of the worlds hos
pitable, easy-going cities, capitaliz-
ing to a large extent on tourists,
sailors and night hawks.
There are no more tourists. but
If some of the pre-war travellers
could drop by for day, they'd be
plenty surprised. Night life is fast
going by the boards, and Rios
carioca citizenry is a little aghast
at having its weaknesses whitfield
away, while the sailors and the
night hawks are not at all pleased
Casinos have moved their closing
hour from 4 am. up to 2 am,
which is quite hardship on the
playboys and girls, of which Rio
always has had a goodly number.
This was by order of the city gov
eminent, which also instituted a
10 cruzieros $50 cents admission
charge, previously unheard Of, and
set a minimum limit on roulette
play at SIS. The idea of this was
to separate lot of the smaller
fry from their daily dreams of for
tune, which led them to dip into
savings or the boss funds and finally
end in Jail or suicide.
Casinos Closed.
An even rougher blow to the good
time boys and embassy secretaries
was the announcement that all of
Rios three big casinos would be
closed for two months, beginning
March l, 1913. There has been
some conjecture as to whether they
will ever open again.
AS can be seen, this will create
some problem for that class long
accustomed to rising promptly every
day at pm. dining leisurely and
then getting to one casino in time
for the first show at II pm, drift
ing on to another for the second
show at am, and winding up
later for few quiet drinks at a
third casino, with some dawn
breakfast little later on.
But the city government hasn't
stopped there, nor even hesitated.
The Bicho, that famous small
play lottery in which every number
has corresponding animal, sud-
denly has ceased to exist.
Cariocas used to pick numbers
from streetcars, auto, buildings,
numbers of blondes on one side of
the street, or any other illogical
source. and rush to play some small
change on the Bicho. Of the-cuff
bookies operated from the curb or
any cigar store. and payoffs were
few but winnings were high.
Moves Across River.
The Bicho was a part of life here,
just as slipping small, strong, black
coffee is part of life here. The
coffees will remain as long as there
is a Brazil, but the Bicho is gone,
at least temporarily, but not for
gotten.
Naturally, all the night life that
Rio once held cannot just disap-
pear. Much Of it has moved across
the bay to Niteroi sleepy capital
Of the State of Rio de Janeiro, where
the government OF Federal Inter-
ventor Ernani Amaral Peixoto, SON
in-law OF President Vargas, is more
lenient.
So much that the section of Nj
teroi which houses the gilded casino
of Icarai and is known as Saco de
Sac Francisco now is called "Sao
Francisco. city of sin"
There's no doubt that recent
times have wrought a chance in
Rio. To say for better or for worse
would only evoke an argument.
Things are -. we'll just diff
ferent.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-01-10
d. {. Concerns 10 Help
Spread Information
On Tin Can Drive
400 Tons q Month
Goal of District
Salvage Committee

With 400 tons per month collec-
ton as It's goal, the District Sal
wage Committee has enlisted the
aid of several large Washington
business organizations to spread in
formation about the collection of
tin cans for vital war industries.
Among those who will aid in dis
seminating information through
news letters, monthly bills and
communications, or the Capital
Transit Co., the Chesapeake 81 Po-
tomac Telephone Co., the Washing
ton Gas Light Co. and the Potomac
Electric Power Co. 1t is hoped that
this project will help bolster the
$4,000 pounds obtained in the first
collection.
The American Automobile Asso-
citation will direct special letter to
its $4,000 members. Similar COM
munications will be sent by the
Keystone Automobile Association,
the Elks Club and the Washington
Real Estate Board.
Horace Walker, executive secre-
tary of the Salvage Committee, said
that tin cans should be placed be-
side garbage cans on a day of the
regular pickup or arrangements
should be made with janitors for
day-to-day collection.
Collection of household fats has
increased considerably, Isaac ia
cobson. head of the committee ham
ding this phase, announced. On the
basis of national fat collection
quotas. the District ranks fifth in
the country in collection, he stated.
Much of the success is credited to
retail meat dealers, who continually
urge housewives to save the fat.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-01-10
Nazis Refuse Waiver
To Permit Argentina 10
Try Niebuhr as Spy
Germans Say Foreign
Power Gathered Evidence
Against Embassy Attoche
By the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press
BUENOS AIRES, Jan. 9-Thf
Foreign Office said today that Ger.
many had replied with a polite
refusal to the Argentine request
for a waiver of the diplomatic i'm.
munity protecting Capt. Dietrich
Nlebuhr, naval attache of the Ger
man embassy. from trial on charge,
OF engaging in anti-Allied espionage
on Argentina's neutral soil.
The Foreign Office spokesman
said the German governments re.
fusal was based primarily on the
argument that the evidence against
the attache was gathered and
presented by a foreign power"
A memorandum on espionage ac-
tivities of number of German
agents was submitted to the Foreign
Once by the United States EN-
bassy at the request of Foreign
Minister Enrique Ruiz Guinazu for
evidence to back up the statement
of Sumner Welles, United States
Undersecretary of State, who last
october charged that spies here
were sending radio reports which
resulted in the sinking of United
Nations ships. The evidence, it is
understood, was gathered by the
Intcr-American Committee for Po-
litical Defense of the Continent and
passed on by the United States.
The Foreign Office spokesman
said Germanys answer was given
orally today in call by Otto Mey-
men, German charge d'affaires, to
Undersecretary Roberto Gachi.
The reply will be forwarded to the
Supreme Court, which asked the
waiver so Niebuhr may go on trial.
Pressure as strong as the existing
state of siege decree permits is be-
ing exerted by the larger newspapers
Of Buenos Aires for strong stand
against the attache. The newspaper
Critica has urged that he be de-
clared an unwelcome guest of the
country if immunity was not waived.
The state of siege prevents out
spoken comment, however.
Niebuhr is the third German Dip
lomatic agent to come under fire in
recent years for belligerent activities
in Argentina. Gottfried Sanstede,
press attache of the Embassy, fed in
an airplane one morning in 1910 in
the midst of agitation for his ex-
pulsion.
The Ambassador, Baron Edmund
Won Hermann, also slipped away
early last year while under fire from
the Argentine Congress on charges
that he used German welfare funds
for propaganda and warlike activ-
tiles.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-01-10
YMCA Boys Organize
New 'Ruqqer' Chapter

A "Ragger" Chapter. an organiza-
ton designed to build character, has
been organized at the boys depart
ment Of the Central Young Mems
Christian Association, 1876 G street
NV.
The organization, it was said,
takes its name from neck cloths of
rags, worn by members. Oakley Dex-
ter was elected king of the local
chapter, which has % members.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-01-10

III S t l n gulshed
Service Cross for
"e x t r aordinary
heroism in &C
ton" against the
Japanese in New
Guinea, the War
Department has
notified his wife
here. Mrs. Knode
and three young
daughters live at
2216 Wisconsin
avenue NV.
Wounded twice
while leading his
platoon in an as
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-01-10
IOOF Meeting to Mark
l17th Anniversary

The 117th anniversary Of the In
dependent Order of Odd Fellows
will be celebrated at 8:15 pm. Sat-
urday at the 1OOF Temple, 419
Seventh street NV.
Representative Pittenger of Min
nesota, past grand sire Of the IOOF,
will be chief speaker. Entertain
ment for the evening will consist
Of music and dancing.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-01-10

including t W o
years as an off,
Ger in the last
war, was given a
farewell ar t y
yesterday by the
S t a fl of tn e
bureau.
Col. D q S h e r
had been with
t he bur e a u
almost since its
inception, join
ing the staff in
1924 after 20
years with the
e n g i n e er de-
partment Of the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-01-10
Streom|ined Telephone Book
Carries 8 900 New Listings

Many telephone numbers have
been changed since the last book
was issued, and subscribers were
asked to consult the new directory
before making calls. They were
urged also to examine their old
books to make certain notes, money
and personal papers were removed
before the company collects them.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-01-10

War Department. With the Budget
Bureau he had been chief examiner
for War Department estimates.
In accepting Col. Dasher's resig-
nation, Director Harold D. Smith
said he has served his Government
as not many men are privileged
| to serve it,"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-01-10
Budget Bureau Staff Gives
Col. Dasher Farewell Party

Col. Charles L. Dasher, retiring
chief examiner Of the Budget
Bureau, who has spent 43 years in
the employ of the Government,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-01-10
Ex-D. {. Newspaperman
Cited for Buna Action

LIT. Thomas E. Knode, former
washington newspaperman who
turned down desk jobs to go to the
battle front, has been awarded the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-01-10
IS Se|ectees 10 Report
To Army Tomorrow

Army life will begin tomorrow for
As colored seleetees of the District
who report for assignment to train
ing camps at 1890 am.
They were indicted January 4,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-01-10
To Install Officers

The Washington Passenger Asso-
citation will install its officers for
1913, following a dinner meeting
Wednesday night in the New Co.
lonial Hotel.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-01-10

1ucy are.
Me De Pres. r.
Russell, James B.
Taylor, William A.
Mercer, Edward c.
Brown, Jesse L.
Boyd. BENJAMIN e.
Gordon, Isaiah B.
Maddox, Albert N.
Wyies, william G.
Darling, Thomas c.
Hines. Maurice H.
LanRston, Lathall D.
Elkins, Walter B.
Knight, Make
Harrington, C. g.
Little, Raymond w.
Murphy, Charlie
Oabney, Norman
Palmer, A. T., jr.
Harrison, c. A.
jackson, Enoch I.
Jones. Theodore N.
williams, Augustine
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-01-10

Barber, Harry r.
Muldrow, willard
Buchanan. Earnest
Bacon, Milton M.
King, Bonnie J.
Sa dgwar, Luther T.
Garnett, Emmit H.
Murphy. James r.
Logan. Edward F.
Haywood, Stanley
Epps. John e.
Clay, Randolph w.
Haley, Turner
Russell, James
Gibson. Robert :.
Everett, Lee
Williams. kugene r.
Colbert, Thomas :.
johnson. James H.
Payne. Louis ].
Eohinson, Aldrich 4.
Butler, Harvey !.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1943-06-25
Jury Discharged
In Rock Island R.R.
Knife Staying
(From Iowa Bystander)

NH1Oul 4OWd DySLduuSI)
Des Moines.-After celebrating
nearly % hours a jury in District
Judge C. Edwin Moore's court,
which heard the case of Dove
Smith, 34-year-old dining car wait
err who was charged with murder
was discharged Saturday evening,
June IL.
The jurors, one man and eleven
women, informed the judge about
$3.50 p. m. Saturday that they could
reach no agreement. They had tax
en- the case at $50 p. m. Friday.
Smith was charged with the fatal
razor-slashing of Edward Morgan,
40-year-old second cook on the Rock
Island railroad dining car on May 9,
while the train was en- route from
Kansas City to Des Moines.
Smith was returned to Polk coun-
ty Jail without bond, and probably
will be tried again in the September
term of court.
Smith, in his testimony, said the
trouble between him and Morgan
began when Morgan supplied him
with only one order of potatoes in
stead of two.
Smith claimed Morgan threat
ened to cut his head off, that Nor
gan started the fight, and that he
was protecting himself when Nor
gan was cut in the neck.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1943-06-25
BabY Contest
Winner Brings
In Neurlv Sl00

The Urban League auxiliary
baby contest closed Sunday, June
20. Jacqulyn Anderson, daughter
of Mr.. and Mrs. Alvin Anderson,
Ais Colfax Ave. N, won the first
prize, a $50 War Bond. Laurice
Joy Jones, daughter of Mrs. Ora
Jones, 1048 Bryant Ave. NJ, was
the second prize winner. She re-
ceived $25 War Bond. Betty Ann
Flemming, granddaughter of Mrs.
Rebecca Hardiman, 518 10th Ave.
S., was awarded SIS in cash for
the third prize.
Other babies who participated in
the contest were: Merridyth Wal
lace, Joseph Syndey Mitchell, Bar
bara Jean Hammond, Mary Ann
Dye, Lucille Roach, Wendell Gull
quist and Timothy David Easton.
These babies received 10 per cent
of the money they reported and
were also given savings banks.
Jacqulyn Anderson reported
$94.35, Laurice Joy Jones reported
$64.55, and Betty Ann Flemming
$53.67.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1943-06-25
Workers Defense
League Asks F.D.R.
to Halt Jim Crow

Arthur Sternberg, chairman Of
the Twin Cities Branch of the
Workers Defense League, released
the following telegram sent to
President Roosevelt by his organi-
cation:
Honorable Franklin D. Roosevelt:
The tragic race riots in Detroit
and other American cities are the
inevitable result of the vicious pol
icy of discrimination and segrega-
ton against minorities, especially
the Negro people. This Jim Grow
policy is directly fostered by the
federal government in all govern
mental agencies and most shame
fully in the armed forces. Talk of
the four freedoms under these con-
ditions is meaningless to all think
ing people.
AS Commander-in-Chief of the
armed forces of the United States,
we call upon you to end discrimina-
ton and segregation in these armed
forces as a first step towards the
elimination of these tragic riots.
We further demand an investiga-
ton of anti-Negro and anti-labor
forces in Detroit which we believe
are furthering race hatred for their
own selfish ends.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1943-06-25
Nine Children
Survive Mrs.
Emma Payne

Mrs. Emma Payne, SIT St. An
thony Ave-, who came to St. Paul
from Wichita, Kans., in 1881, died
Sunday, June 20, at her home, SIT
St. Anthony Ave-, after brief ill
ness.
Funeral services were held
Wednesday, June %, at 2 p. m. at
Camphor Methodist church. Burial
was at Elmhurst.
Surviving Mrs. Payne are a sis
ter of St. Louis, Mo-, Mrs. Maggie
Emery; Mrs. Laura Irving, Phillip
Payne, Mrs. Mosglean Brown, Mrs.
Barbara Anne Gardner, William
Payne, sons and daughters resid-
ing in st. Paul; Mrs. Katherine
Gresham, daughter of Minneapolis;
Mrs. Carrie Randall, Portland, Ore,
Mrs. Waldena Vann, Chicago, ILL.,,
Gilbert Payne, New York, all sons
and daughters. Six grandchildren,
three neices and four nephews also
survive.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1943-06-25
Women Delegates
to u. S. A. V. State
Encurnpnent

A4ASAAA4k |444S441
Mrs. Elizabeth Rodgers and Mrs.
M. Burrell, Minneapolis, attended
the Minnesota State United Span
ish War Veterans State Encamp-
ment held at Red Wing, June 20
to %. They stopped at the st.
James Hotel, convention headquar-
tiers.
Mrs. Rodgers gave the report for
Chas. Young Camp Auxiliary. 1t is
reported that Mrs. F. Cummings,
state president of the auxiliaries,
praised the report as the best
auxiliary report. Mrs. Burrell was
nominated during the election of
the historian. This marked the first
time any Negro had been even
nominated for an office.
George W. Flemings, national
adjutant general, had high hopes
for the passage of a bill now in
Congress, which, if passed, will
raise the pensions of veterans from
$50 to $75 and for widows from
$40 to $40.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1943-06-25
Walter White
Claims Detroit
Mayor Humorous

Detroit, June 23.-Although or
der returned to the city with the
arrival of the troops, Walter
White, executive secretary of the
National Association for the Ad-
vancement of Colored People, ex-
pressed apprehension" over what
may happen when the soldiers
leave.
White blamed the riots on the
attitude of "timorous Mayor JEFF
fries and the police department,
many of whom were in sympathy
with the mobs." He praised Gov
ernor Kelly and said the Presi-
dents order that sent troops into
the city brought order out of
"chaos." He said the situation re-
mains very tense.
He added that the Ku Klux Khan
and "Nazi money" circulating in
Detroit had something to do with
melting the riots"
Charles "nightshirt Charley"
Spare, alleged xxx. head here,
was not available for comment.
Jeffries declared that he hoped
White was mistaken" in his be-
lief that the situation remained ex-
plosive.
Meanwhile, Superintendent War
rem E. Bow of the Detroit public
schools urged the teaching of more
racial tolerance and understand
ings to forestall a recurrence of
rioting.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1943-06-25
Fox" Thomas Is
Dead

William Edward Thomas, 295 E.
18th Street, better known as
Cox" died Thursday, June II, at
Ancker Hospital. For a number of
years he had been employed in the
Maintenance Department of the
City of St. Paul.
Born in Helena, Arkansas, in
1881, he had been a resident of the
city for over 40 years.
Survivors include his wife, Anna,
and daughter, Ernestine Wycoff.
Funeral services were held Mon
day, June 81, at Brooks Funeral
Home, 697 Rondo Avenue, at 2
p. m. with Rev. Clarence T. R.
Nelson, pastor of Camphor M. E.
Church, officiating.
Mr.. Thomas was a veteran of the
Spanish-American War. Interment
was in Forest cemetery.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1943-06-25
Musical FontdsY at
St. Jumes Iuly l

The Missionary society of St.
James A. M. E. Church, st. Paul,
will present an all-star musical at
the church, Thursday, July 1, at
$3.50 p. m.
Appearing on the program will
be Mothers Pearls" singing
group; Mrs. Ruth Reed, pianist;
Miss Villa Mae Smith, soloist;
Charlotte and Joan Parteet, vocal
duet; Juanita Schuck, soloist; Mr..
Brewer Clark, pianist; MELODY
Maids" singing group; Arthur
Burris, vocalist; Myra McAdams,
vocalist; "Dames Quartette"; Bar
Der Sisters, duet; Laura M. Smith,
reading; Lorraine Curry, Minneap-
oils, speaker; Rev. A. J. Irvine,
Minneapolis.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1943-06-25
Mrs. John Robins
Dies, Was First
Woman Bailif

Mrs. John (Clara) Robbins, 1925
Fourth Ave. S. Minneapolis, for 80
years a Twin City resident, died
Saturday, June 10, at st. Mary's
hospital after a serious illness last
ing only a few days. She became
i'll Monday from extreme nausea
from which she had suffered for
ten years.
Late that night Mrs. Delphine
Wesley, friend she had called,
came to her home and found her
PROSTATE on the floor. When her
husband, John S. Robbins, a rail-
way employee, came home Tuesday
morning he rushed her to the hos
pital where it was found an opera
ton was necessary. A devout be-
lever in Christian Science, Mrs.
Robbins had refused medical aid
during the years.
The operation was performed
Friday morning at 9 o'clock. After
administering two blood transfu-
sions it was seven in the evening
before she regained consciousness.
At that time she told her husband
that she couldn't "make it" and
gave him instructions for her burial
and requested that Mrs. Zephyr
Turner, hairdresser, style her hair.
He found all of her clothes, even
to the handkerchief for her pocket,
just as she had told him they were.
She explained the rationed COM
modities due him for his valid
stamps and asked him not to worry
but to take care of himself. She
died the next morning at $3.50.
Born Clara Burnett, a native of
Oberlin, Ohio, and a graduate of
the University there, Mrs. Robbins
was the first woman bailiff in the
state of Minnesota. She began serv-
ing in Judge Orea's court in st.
Paul in 1918. In 1924 she became
matron in the Ramsey County Jail
under Sheriff George Moeller.
She was the sister of the famous
Negro woman leader, Mrs. Mary
Talbert.
Funeral services were held Tues
day morning, June %, at II a. m.
Burial was at Lakewood. Surviv-
ing besides Mr.. Robbins, are a sis
ter, Emma Burnett, of Montana, a
niece in New York, N. Y, and two
nieces of st. Paul, Mrs. Elmer Nor
ris and Mrs. German Sporting.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1943-06-25
St. Paul NAACP
Sends Roosevelt
Protest Telegram

Responding to the call of the
president, Rev. Clarence T. R. Nell
son, members of the Executive
Board of the St. Paul Branch Of
the National Association for the
Advancement of Colored People
met in a special emergency meet
ing on Tuesday night at the Halle
@. Brown House. A telegram of
approximately two hundred words
was sent to President Roosevelt de-
manding that he as COMMANDMENTS
Chief of the armed forces of the
nation issue an executive order
abolishing discrimination and seq
regation from the armed forces.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1943-06-25
Army Colonel
Praised for Firm
Stand at Packard

New York, N. Accommodation
was expressed this week to the Air
Forces Gen. Arnold for the "un-
compromising position" taken by
Col. George E. Strong, stationed in
the Detroit area, for the manner
in which Colonel Strong firmly ham
died the recent dynamite-laden
Packard strike which saw more
than twenty thousand white work
ers walk off the job in protest of
the upgrading of qualified Negro
workers.
"Had there been any weakness
on the part of Colonel Strong" the
statement, which came from the
National Office of the NAACP, said
in part, "subversive forces like the
Ku Klux Klan which deliberately
fomented the Packard strike would
have been greatly strengthened in
their campaign to spread disunity
and hatred"
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1943-06-25
Twin Citians
Take Detroit
Riot in Stride

Negroes of Minneapolis and st.
Paul, while indignant about the
race riots in Detroit, were not
demonstrative and accepted the
news calmly and coolly.
Comment was varied, some ac-
cepted the trouble philosophically
and others were bitter. No resent
ment was heard expressed against
the white people of the two COM
munities.
Many Negroes did not discuss
the riot much. All with whom re-
porters talked felt the government
should take steps to punish the
mobsters of either group. Several
were bitter because they felt De-
troit police killed so many Negroes.
The bulk of the audible COM
ments heard among Twin City
white people on streets, BUSES, in
war plants and office buildings,
was a general disapproval Of the
riots.
Many whites made vigorous at
tacks on the riots as disgraceful
and un-American.
A white soldier who told by
ISLANDERS he was from Ohio, told a
crowd of Minneapolis shoppers
that, "a Negro soldier saved me
from drowning six weeks ago. l
wish had been in Detroit"
1t was interesting to note the
almost universal disapproval of the
disturbances and the cool manner
in which both cities learned the
news of the riots by radio and
newspapers.