davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1943-01-19

IN THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE
ELEVENTH JUDICIAL CIRCUIT
OF THE STATE OF FLORIDA. IN
ANB FOR MONROE COUNTY. IN
CHANCERY.
Case No. s-457
MARY RANSOM NORRIS BYRD,
Plaintiff.
VS. DIV II & Y /.
CLAUDE LEE BYRD, JR.,
Defendant.
ORDER OF PUBLICATION
TO: Claude Lee Byrd. Jr-, 2l4
Harrington Street, Raleigh,
North Carolina.
You are hereby required TO ap-
near to the Bill of Complaint. for
divorce in the above styled cause on
the LIST day of February, A ID. 1898.
otherwise the allegations therein
will be taken as confessed
This order is to be published
once a week for four consecutive
weeks in The Key West Citizen.
Newspaper published in Key West
Florida.
Zone and Ordered this 2sth day
of December, A. ID. 1912.
(SEAL) Ross G Sawyer
Clerk of the Circuit Court, Monroe
County, Florida.
BY sd Florence r. Sawyer
Deputy Clerk
(Sd.) ALLAN Il. cLEARE. JR-,
Solicitor for Complainant
dec29. 1912; jan5-12-is,i943
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1943-01-19

: What is the prime Of life? The answer
10 that question depends on the man. We
have known few men who began TO dis
dntegrate, mentally and physically. when
ZtheI had passe 80, offhand, we recall
Three Key West youngsters of 81, 68 and
20 yhoaafeostiff ehfdihE on all six"
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1943-01-19

You know how you feel when you 60
to your garage in the morning and find a
flat. Multiply that feeling a hundred
times and you will get an inkling of the
state of mind of business man, who, on
reaching his place of business, learns one of
: his key men is ILL.,
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1943-01-19
GREAT INCREASE

NEW YORK. - Shipment of
export freight to U. S. ports by
American railways has increased
more than 40 per cent since Pearl
Harbor.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1943-01-19
7l03 BUGLE

LITTLE ROCK, Ark.-When a
man standing before the desk at
police headquarters was told to
remove the "bugle" from his
cheek, he refused to do so. He al
so declined to open his mouth and
give his name. Police pried his
jaws apart and removed a roll of
small bills amounting to 7l03.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1943-01-19
LEGAL NOTICE

All persons are Hereby notified
that a request has been made by
the United States Naval operat-
ing Base, Key West Elanida, to
close the drawspan of the MoseE
Channel Drawbfidge Tor the Pc
Rod from January 8, 1913, to
February 8, 1913. Request has
been made to the United States
Engineers Office at Miami Beach,
Florida, and any person wishing
to interpose an objection to such
closure shall make such objec-
ton IN writing to the War De-
parement, United States Engi-
neers Office, Miami Beach, Flor
ida.
LIEUTENANT COMMANDER
X. al. FENWICK,
Public Works Officer, Naval OPP
eraing Base, Key West, Florida.
BY direction of the Commandment
jams to feb8
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1943-01-19

Edward A. Strunk, treasurer Of
the Emergency Relief Council IN
Key West, announced today that
he has received a further contrib
ution of 81, 900 for relief work, as
a result of which more men short
ly will be given jobs.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1943-01-19

The Rotary Club held its lunch
con today at the new building Of
the South Florida Construction
and engineering Company, as
guests of Edward A. Strunk, gen
eral manager of the company.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1943-01-19

1807-Robert E. Lee, Confed-
crate commander-in-chief, whose
genius, character and humanity
places him among the great of
all time, born Stratford, Va. Died
Lexington, Va, Oct. u, 1870.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1943-01-19
Today's
Anniversaries

1749-Isaiah Thomas, Boston
and Worcester, Mass, publisher
printer and patriot, born in BoS-
ten. Died April 4, 1881.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1943-01-19
STATED POPULATION

NEW YORK. - Free China,
the part now occupied by the
japanese. has a population of ap-
proximately Us million.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1943-01-19

Reports have been persistent in
Key West the last week that two
factories in Tampa intend to move
to this city. At the Chamber Of
Commerce, it was said there is no
truth in the rumor.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1943-01-19
IMPROVEMENTS FOR KEY WEST
ADVOCATED BY TIE CITIZEN

l. Water and Sewerage.
O. More Hotels and Apartments.
g. Beach and Bathing Pavilion
L. Airpurts-Land and Sea.
S Consolidation of County and City Gov
ernmentS.
6. A Modern City Hospital.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1943-01-19

l809-Edgar Allan Poe, poet
and short story writer, greatest
American literary genius, a tragic
figure who lived a tragic life.
born in Boston. Died in Balti-
more, Oct. z. 1849.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1943-01-19

Three colored persons, James
Roberts, his son, James. Jr- and
the latter'S wife were brutality
murdered at Tavernier last night,
according TO a telephone message
received here today from Sheriff
Karl Thompson, who happened 10
be in that place on business The
bodies of the victims were badly
hacked, and an attempt had been
made to burn them. A man who
had had a dispute with the father
and son is suspected of having
committed the crime. He has dis
appeared from that locality.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1943-01-19

Prof Edward 8 COrWIn Of
Princeton. noted teacher O. III
isprudence, born Plymouth, Mlch-.
IS years ago
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1943-01-19

Building and repair expendi-
lures in Key West last week
amounted TO Sips, according 10
permits granted by Building In
spectOr Harry Baker.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1943-01-19

= When peace comes, industry must have
cash reserves to remodel factories, to fash
Jon better civilization. If taxes take all the
profits there will be no reserves.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1943-01-19

. Problem No. l in Key West: The re-
sumption of the collection of trash and gar
-bage regularly.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1943-01-19

J, Again, on Saturday night, the Raj
5InadeGpering swallow his own words: "No
Tenety aircraft, will be able to penetrate
zBerln'S~ uefenseS."
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1943-01-19

l837-William w. Keen, famed
Philadelphia surgeon and profess
Sor, born there. Died June z.
1892.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1943-01-19

Pacifism - not dead; only sleeping, as
t should, until after the war.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1943-01-19

Eligio Sardinas, otherwise Kid
Chocolate, who has had brilliant
career in the ring as feather
weight, came into town yesterday
from Havana. stayed awhile and
went right back TO the Cuban
capital, via the deportation route
of the American immigration ser
vice. Hence, the Kids battle with
the English featherweight cham
pion, Tom Watson, scheduled TO be
held in Madison Square Garden.
New York, on January q, has
been indefinitely postponed.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1943-01-19

New device. made IN auto
plants, directs anti-sirCraff FIRE
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1943-01-19

1851-David Starr Jordan,
famed California naturalist, col
lege president, peace advocate,
born Gainesville, N. Y. Died
Sept. 10, 1881.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1943-01-19

L s. Senator James G Scrug-
ham. Of Nevada. born Lexington.
Ky, So years ago.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1943-01-19
Today's Birthdays

Maj. Gen Millard 2 Harmon
of the Army AR Corps, born San
Francisco. SIS years ago
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1943-01-19

Guy " Cox. president, John
Hancock Life. Boston. born Man
chester. n. H - wears ago
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1943-01-19

owl halls war production in
1912, but it falls short of goal.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1943-01-19
LEGAL.S

IN THE CIRCUIT COURT OF
THE ELEVENTH JUDICIAL
CIRCUIT OF THE STATE OF
FLORIDA. IN AND FOR MON
ROE COUNTY. IN CHAN
Gerry.
Case No. 1854
ANTONIO FELIX PEREZ,
Plaintiff,
sssvs. DIVORCE
LAUDEdNA BLANCO PEREZ,
ORDER oFlpuBLIcATIoN
TO.mR'5 zUoY
Z 1AUDELINA BLANco PEREZ.
'Reglia is, Luyano, Habana,
Cuba ,z7 -
You are hereby required to ap-
pear to the bill of complaint for
divorce filed against you in the
above styled cause on the first
Monday in February A. D. 1913.
otherwise the allegations of said
bill viii be taken as confessed.
; Done and Ordered at Key West,
Florida, this Attn day of January A.
D. 1913.
Circuit Court SeaD
II Ross c Sawyer
Clerk of the Circuit Court.
By: (Sd.) Kathleen Nottage,
Deputy Clerk.
jan5-l2-l9-26.1s 1913
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1943-01-19

DIR. Homer p Rainey. president
of the University Of Texas born
Clarksville, Tex, e years ago.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1943-01-19

Alexander WOoc0tt. zUth1r.
Wit, man Of letters. born Phzlanx.
n. J.. S. years ago
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1943-01-19

- 1t seems that the United Nations gen
erals can learn lot from the armchair war
iiors.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1943-01-19

Maj. Gen Seth Williams.
USMC-. born IS years age.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1943-01-19

This war cannot be won with social re-
forms, the President notwithstanding.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1943-01-19

Altmeyer asks social security
for all people who work.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1943-01-19
L E G A L S

IN THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE
ELEVENTH JUDICIAL CIRCUIT
OF THE STATE OF FLORIDA. IN
CHANCERY.
Case No. S-475
EARL ROBERT JORDAN,
Plaintiff.
VS.. DIVORCE
ELSIE LUTISHA JORDAN,
defendant.
ORDER FOR PUBLICATION
THE STATE OF FLORIDA:
TO: ELSIE LUTISHA JORDAN,
1926 South Mark oe Street,
.Philadelphi Pennsylvania.
1t is hereby ordered that you are
required to appear on the LIST day of
March, l943, before the above
entitled court to the Bill of Com
plant filed against you in the above
entitled cause, and The Key West
Citizen is hereby designated as the
newspaper in which this order shall
be published once a week for four
ca consecutive weeks.
Witness the Honorable Arthur
Gomez as One of the Judges of this
Court and the Seal of this Court in
the City of Key West, Monroe Coun-
ty, Florida, this 18th day of Ianu-
airy, 1913.
(SEAL) Ross c SAWYER
Clerk Circuit Court, Monroe County.
Florida
By: (Sd) Florence L. Sawyer,
Deputy Clerk.
jan1926;feb29,1943
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1943-01-19

= "Reminiscences: Who can remember
when every backyard had flock of pouI-
Try?
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1943-01-19

IN THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE
ELEVENTH JUDICIAL CIRCUIT
OF THE STATE OF FLORIDA, IN
AND FOR MONROE COUNTY. IN
CHANCERY.
Case No. S-472
GEORGE JOSEPH HABDO.
Plaintiff,
VS.. DI v o 10 IL
1AnfunAlnrnA
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1943-01-19


NOTICE TO APPEAR
TO: BLANCHE KUCA HABDO.
400 Eoff ST.
Wheeling. West Virginia.
You are hereby required to ap-
pear to the sworn bin of complaint
filed against you in the above
styled cause on or before the LIST
day of March. A. ID. 1913: other
wise the allegations of said bill will
be taken as confessed by you.
Done and ordered at Key West.
Florida. this 18th day of January.
A. ID. 1913.
(Sea) Ross G Sawyer
Clerk of Circuit Court of Monroe
County. Florida.
BY: (Sd.) Florence f. Sawyer.
@r zs@ ID. G.
(Sd.) WILLIAM V. ALBURY.
Solicitor for the Plaintiff.
jan12-19-26. feb2. 1919
The Waterbury Democrat., 1943-12-23
HEBREW SCHOOL l PROGRAM READY
Pupils Observe Chanukah, Feast of Ligths, at In=
 stitute Saturday

Pupils of Waterbury Hebrew School will celebrate Chanukah, the Jewish feast of lights, which com- memorates victories over Assyrian oppressors, in pre-biblical days at the Hebrew Institute Hall Saturday at p. m.
 Rabbi Max Gifter, Edward Gold berg, president of the Hebrew h. stitute, and Abraham Matzkin, chairman of the board of education will speak.
 Sol Brown and Jack Miller, mem bers of the teachers staff, will be in charge of the program. Music will be arranged and played by Mrs. R. Rearson.
 Those participating in the pro- gram will be Robert GrusWay, M. Kunofsky, B. Feingold, Harriet Kramer, G. Frank, E. Lisine, M. Tarkoff, L. Klein, J. Redlawer, F. Drexler, Allan Burkman, Hannah Gelman, Alvin Atkins, Thelma Dorfman, Isabelle Perlman, Rita Wolozin, Rochelle Rosenbaum, Rita Silverman, Mercy Cohen. Fryda Gelman, Henry Cutler and Martin Israel.
 Refreshments and gifts will be distributed to the children by the Daughters of Beth Israel, the ladies auxiliary of the institute, of whicb Mrs. H. Lin6enberg is president.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1943-12-23
FREE LAND OFFER
 TO BE MADE CITY
30 Pieces Suggested By C. K. &L.; Aldermen Get
 Proposal Tonight.

Land where trolley tracks once existed will be offered free of charge to the City of Waterbury by the Connecticut Railway and Lighting Company at a meeting of the Board of Aldermen tonight. More than 30 pieces of property in various sec tions of the city will be offered.
 The ous company now pays taxes on the land and would be relieved of payments if the city accepts the offer. The land at intersections.
 The parcels of lard include sev- eral on Watertown avenue, and others along the Willow street. Waterville trolley line, North Main street and Chase avenue lines.
 Tonight's meeting will be the last of the present board, with current terms ending December 31. Trans fers in several appropriations are expected to be made and other ac- ton will be taken to wind up the city's accounts for the year.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1943-12-23
Your Rowing Reporters
Greatest Secrecy Surrounded Preparations For Flight of II Planes Carrying F. D. R. And Party of 25O to War Conferences

contract. The President himself used the same plane that took Secretary of State Cordell Hull to Moscow for his momentous conferences there, and that has carried many other world figures across the oceans.
 The planes used are not re- served for such special purposes. Ordinarily they are busy carry ing freight and ordinary men and women about their humdrum but necessary war business.
 When it is to be occupied by the President, his Skymaster has some special fittings which, in the interest of security, cannot be de- scribed. Otherwise the only spe- cial comfort provided for this particularly distinguished party was hot plates. SO that meals could be heated en route.
 One of the few outsiders whc did not have to rely entirely upon guesswork as to the party's make up was Hal c. Stover, veteran OOu6 luo AiCAQ oC1tLSC uldll dIlI C-54 expert.
 In his office at an East Coast ATC base, where he works close ly with the Army, Stover received call from the Operations Officer
 Drop everything and come over at once" he was told.
 When Stover arrived, he wa! informed that some C-54s "witf VIP aboard" would arrive at { nearby base the next day, ant was asked to go there and checl the planes for the Atlantic hop Stover flew to the designated bas, and was here when the frs C-54 arrived.
 T saw a flock of admirals ane generals" he said, but I wa! SO busy checking the planes tha had no time to chat with an. of them.
 "The first ship took of a shor
The Waterbury Democrat., 1943-12-23

lecture on Old New England has about 2200 feet of 16 nm. koda- chrome movie film and will include such sequences as Boston in Spring time, Gloucester with its fishing in- dustry, Cape Cod, Martha's Vine yard and Nantucket, the Connecti- cut River valley, the White Moun- tains of New Hampshire. Bar Har- bor, New England villages, old houses, New England in spring, summer, autumn and winter, flow CTS and birds, etc.
 MT. Noble's engagements have in- cluded the following: The Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences; the Town Hall club, New York; the Columbia Institute of Arts and Sci ences, New York; the Harvard club Boston; the University of Pennsyl- vania, Philadelphia, Pa.; St. Mar garet's school, Waterbury; TWen- teith Century club of Buffalo, etc
The Waterbury Democrat., 1943-12-23

The recent outbreak of poliomye- litis which reached its peak the lat ter part of September taxed to the utmost the facilities and personnel of the hospitals i'll those areas not concerned. The teamwork of profes- sional workers that developed to meet the situation was reviewed in summary of the outbreak by Louis Speker, M. D., Chief of the Divi- sion of Crippled Children, and his associates in the current issue ol the monthly bulletin of the State Department of Health.
 The New Haven area was hard est hit with 227 out of the total of $50 cases in the state, as of Novem- Der first. The isolation hospitals as well as many general hospitals in l the state made provision for the care of poliomyelitis patients.
 Poliomyelitis required prompt and specific services of many specialists. Thus the problem was somewhat complicated since the services of such professional persons as physi- clans, orthopedists, nurses, physical therapy technicians and social
 workers had to be pressed into service. This placed onite burden on many communities which were asked to release workers for the duration of the outbreak.
 i The need for nursing assistance was acute. One of the outstanding difficulties in handling the situa- tion had been the lack of nursing personnel and to form $ teaching nucleus which could instruct new nurses as they arrived on the po- ! ilioymelitis wards, group of nurses from the State Department ot Health was placed in charge of the nursing aspects as related to the Kenny technique, The current ] shortage of nurses made the nurs- ing situation even more desperate. ! The New Haven Department of Health and the State Department of Health made appeals for nurses. | At first those public health nursing agencies and hospitals were called which had on their staffs nurses trained in the Kenny technique.
 Fortunately, nine nursing agcn- cies and hospitals had, during the past year, availed themselves of study scholarships offered by the County Chapters of the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis Most of these immediately sent help Later, as the need for more nurses grew, nurses from both pri- vate and public agencies and hos pitals were called upon. In spite ot shortages all over the state, the response was splendid. Nurses were immediately put to work as mem bers of nursing teams, at least one member of which knew the Kenny technique. Applying hot packs over a period of four, eight or more hours is hard work and these nurses are to be commended for theil services.
 Nurses from local public health nursing agencies gave an equivalent of 1O1 ty-eight hour weeks oi service during the outbreak. These nurses were made available from
The Waterbury Democrat., 1943-12-23

for Very Important People. But when the papers are filled with surmises that President Roosevelt is going to confer with Prime Min ister Churchill, Premier Chiang Kali shek and Marshal Stalin, and then whole flock of Army and Navy brass hats show up, flight crews have a pretty good idea what is in the wind.
 25O MADE FLIGHT
 There were 250 members of President Roosevelt's party going to Cairo and Teheran. They in- cluded political and diplomatic personages whose pictures are familiar to most of us, plus a nice assemblage of military men of whom the lowliest were Army colonels and Navy captains. They used II Douglas Sky masters, brought together from air lines which were using them under Air Transport Command
The Waterbury Democrat., 1943-12-23
5:3O Xmas Morning
 Services Arranged
Zion Lutheran Church Program to Feature Singing in
 Swedish; Ethel Ziglatzli to Direct Choir

Traditional in the country of Sweden are the Christmas maths, usually held there between four and six in the morning. In keeping with the annual custom early services will be held at Zion Lutheran Church on Christmas morning at 5:30. The service will include the singing of the traditional Christ mas hymn "All Hail to Thee, o Blessed Morn in the Swedish language, and five minute sermon by the pastor in Swedish. The re- mainder of the service will be in English.
 Miss Ethel Ziglatzki, organist and choir director, today announced the following musical numbers in the service:
 Prelude
 Moonlight Over Nazareth"
 (Diggle) Processional-
 Rejoice, Rejoice, Ye Christmas"
 (Teschner) Traditional Hymn
 "All Hail to Thee, o Blessed
 Morn" ................ Nicolai Choir Anthem
 Hoslanna' ............. Vogler
The Waterbury Democrat., 1943-12-23

Choir Anthem
 70 Holy Night" ....... Adam with vocal solo by Miss ziglatzki Christmas Hymn
 Behold, the Joyful Day If Night" .............. Schumann Introit for Christmas Day Behold, I Bring You good
 T1d1ngS" ............. Hagg Choir Anthem
 To-day There Is Ringing"
 Christiansen Organ and violin Offertory- Come Unto Him" ...... Handel Miss Ziglatzki and George 0. Clausen Pulpit Hymn
 Triumph, Ye Heavens
 Traditional Choir Anthem
 "Gesu Bambino" ......,. Ton with solo by George Clauson Closing Hymn
 Good News from Heaven"
 .............. Martin Luther RecesSional-
 "It Came Upon a Midnight
 Clear" Willis Organ Postlude--
 "Hallelujah Chorus" from the
 Messiah .............. Handel
The Waterbury Democrat., 1943-12-23

time later and disappeared over the water horizon. Soon an- other. Others, one by one, came in, were checked. and took of. PILOT A VETERAN
 There had been much news paper speculation about the Presidents meeting with Church. i'll. Stalin and Chiang Kai-shek When I saw high proportion of Americas war leaders heading overseas it didn't take much in- telligence to know that they were heading for that conference"
 The Presidents plane was pi- loted by Major Otis Bryan, who until recently was in charge ot Transcontinental & Western Airs ATC contract operations. As 8 civilian, Bryan flew President Roosevelt to the Casablanca Con- ference. A few weeks ago he was commissioned a major. He has more than two million miles ip the air to his credit.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1943-12-23
Nurse Shortage Hits
 Poliomyelitis Wards
September Outbreak Required United Efforts of Many;
 Waterbury Visiting Nurses Lend Helping Hand

the Ansonia, Derby and Shelton District Nurse Association; Hamden Public Health and Visiting Nurse Association; Meriden Public Health and Visiting Nurse Association; New Britain City Health Depart ment; New Britain Visiting Nurse Association; New Haven City Health Department; New Haven Crippled Children's Aid Society; New Haven Visiting Nurse Associa- tion; New London Visiting Nurse Association; Norwich, United Work CTS, Public Health Nursing Depart ment; Trumbull Public Health Nursing Association; Waterbury City Health Department; Water bury Visiting Nurse Association; Connecticut State Department of Health; Springfield (Massachu- setts) Board of Health.
 Physical therapy was carried on by a physical therapy technician of the New Haven Hospital trained in the Kenny method, as well as by two trained technicians from the State Department of Health. Of the two trained technicians from the State Department of Health, one worked entirely with patients and the other spent half of her time with patients and the other teach ing the physical therapy staff of five at the New Haven Hospital for three weeks. While this curtailed the physical therapy services of other than poliomyelitis cases the emergency demanded this service Recommendations were made fol the organization of poliomyelities services in the event of future out breaks.