davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1943-04-14
Model Engineers Society
Opens Exhibit Tomorrow

The 10th annual members exhi-
bition of the Metropolitan Society of
Model Engineers will begin tomor-
row in the East Hall of the Ma
tional Museum and continue through
May Is. Hours will be from 9 am.
to 4:30 pm. except Mondays, when
the hours will be from 1:30 to 4::30
pm. (
Contest entries will be judged
Sunday by Leonard W. Rice, rail-
road photographer and historian:
Hugh G. Boutell of the Bureau of
Standards and Lawrence w. Sagel
Of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad.
Most Of the exhibits will be of
rolling stock, including locomotives,
passenger and express cars and
freight cars of many types.
Evening star., 1943-04-14
Bernie Leaves Oxygen
Tent; Doctor Hopeful
BY the Associated Press.

BEVERLY HILLS, Calf, April IA.
Ben Bernie yesterday left the
oxygen tent in which he has spent
most of II weeks and his physician
said he regarded tho band leaders
recovery as assured.
The "Old Maestro" was stricken
last winter while on an entertain
ment tour Of war plants. The all
ment developed into a pulmonary in
fection with cardiac complications.
Evening star., 1943-04-14
Whitehurst to Address
Defense Unit Meetino

Capt. H. C. Whitehurst, director Of
civilian defense in the District. will
speak at 1890 pm Friday at
Harvey's Restaurant, 1107 Connecti-
cut avenue NV, at meeting of the
public works section of civilian
defense.
Other speakers will be Porter M
Lumpkins. executive assistant. and
/ deputy assist; mt of civilian defense.
George Kneipp.
Evening star., 1943-04-14
Mexican Car Owners
Put on Six-Doy Week
BY the Associated Press

BY me Associated Press.
MEXICO CITY, April 14.-Auto-
mobile owners in Mexico's larger
cities will be permitted to operate
their cars only six days week un-
der a decree issued yesterday by
President Manuel Avila Camacho to
conserve rubber.
Stamps printed in five different
colors, each representing day in
the week, will be distributed among
owners. Only automobiles bearing
the proper stamp will be allowed on
the streets each day.
There will be no restriction on
Saturday or Sunday driving.
Evening star., 1943-04-14
japanese |nfi|tration
Frustrated by British
In New Burma Clash
Bombers Also Better
Enemy Positions in
Moyu Ridge Area
BY the Associated Press.

BY me Associated Press.
NEW DELHI, April 14.-1n a re-
surgence of fighting on the Arakan
front in Western Burma, British
troops yesterday frustrated Japa-
nese attempts to infltrate their
recently reformed lines in the GYM
daW sector, a British communique
announced today.
Meanwhile, RAF Blenheims, es-
corted by Hurricane fighters, blasted
Japanese positions along Mayu
Ridge to the south, the bulletin
said. All planes returned safely
from the raid and from related
offensive patrols. it added.
Evening star., 1943-04-14
Two Are Recaptured
After 2PaIs Are5Iain
In A|catraz Escape
Korpis Gong Member
Found Hiding in Cove;
Guards Kill Puir

SuuIOS NIL TuIT
BY the Associated Press.
SAN FRANCISCO, April a.
Listing two convicts as dead and two
recaptured in q sensational break
yesterday at Alcatraz Federal Prison
in San Francisco Bay, Warden James
A. Johnston said today the men who
made the dash were "all accounted
for"
Last to be checked off was Fred
Hunter of Ohio, 43-year -old stoop-
shouldered former pal of the late
Alvin Karpis, post ONCE and train
robber.
Hunter was found hiding in a
cave on the beach of the prison
island late yesterday, not far from
where he and the other three
started their dash in the morning
from the prison model shop, after
binding and gagging two guards.
Two Slain by Guards.
The warden also said four 1-gallon
paint cans were found. each stuffed
with Army apparel. The men had
planned to use the cans to help keep
them af1oat in the bay. The cloth
ing, taken from the prison shop,
where Army goods are reclaimed,
was to serve as disguise.
The dead, picked off by guards
rifle fire as three of the convicts
battled the ebb tide. were:
James A. Boarman. "a. Indianap-
oils bank robber and youngest men,
ber of the quartet, and Floyd G.
Hamilton, 36, once a member of the
Bonnie Parker-Clyde Barrow gang
which terrorized the Southwest a
decade ago.
Pulled from the water naked and
returned to his cell was Harold NJ
Brest, 81, Pennsylvania bank robber
serving life sentence He suffered
an elbow wound which required two
stitches.
Warden Johnston said he was
Evening star., 1943-08-01
Russian Front

Relentlessly and steadily the Russian
Army is grinding down German resist
ance around Orel and despite the arrival
of fresh NaZi reserves, the pincers are
slowly closing around the advance force
which is still clinging to the city From
three sides the pressure has been main
tanned, but as the week drew to a close
the southern jaw of the pincers moved
forward four or five miles and now dom
mates the narrowing corridor of escape
Inspired by the personal appearance
of Premier Stain the Reds Sunday
pushed to within six miles of the rail
line to Bryansk over which German sup
plies must pass. More than 30 populated
places were recaptured and the Ger
mans suffered heavy casualties. At the
lower end of the salient around Belgorod
there was considerable skirmishing, but
no movement in either direction.
Elsewhere on the long Russian front
there was sporadic fighting but nothing
approaching a serious offensive on either
side.
Toward the end of the week, fresh
Nazl reserves were thrown into the
battle, but the Reds drove steadily
ahead. Fall of Orel apparently was
drawing near.
Evening star., 1943-08-01
European Front

OVershadowed, of course, by the STAR
Ting developments in Italy, Allied air.
craft last week gave Germany and the
occupied areas along the North Sea the
most devastating and longest prolonged
series OF heavy bombings in history.
Apparently seeking to take Hamburg,
Germany's second largest city and most
important in the operation of submarine
marauders, completely out of the war,
American and British flyers subjected
that unhappy city to seven attacks, sew
eral OF which were of the So-called satu-
ration type and in one of which 2,3OO
tons of explosives and incendiaries were
dropped.
BY the time the seventh raid was over
more than 10000 tons of bombs had
blasted the city. After the first raid, the
following night-flights found no difficulty
IN locating their target the glow of the
flames being visible 200 miles away while
the Flying Fortresses which took over by
pillars of smoke which extended 5 miles
in the air.
At least three of the raids were in the
2,300-ton class. If there is any fight left
in the city the inhabitants are tough in
deed
The raids for the week were costly in
planes, rough tabulatlon which cannot
be accurate indicating somewhere be-
tween $50 and ITS bombers have been
lost but in the light of the accomplish
ment the loss was light.
Sunday night, while Hamburg was un-
dergoing its third attack, Essen, home of
the giant Krupp armament works, was
attacked in considerable force, the raid
being the 57th of the war on that i'm
portant city.
During the first part OF the week
Cologne was raided as were Warnemunde
with its important aircraft factories,
Wustrow with its seaplane base and Kiel,
most important German naval base The
synthetic rubber plants in Hanover of
which there are two were raided and
WilhelmShaven and Wessermunde were
attacked. In France light and medium
bombers struck at the enemy airfields
at st. Omer Courtrai, Abbeville and
MerVille
Travelling to within 80 miles of Berlin,
the longest daylight raid over Germany,
Flying Fortresses Wednesday plastered
the aircraft factory at Oscherleben and
another at Kassel, 200 miles southwest of
Berlin, was also bombed.
All during the week, small flights and
single planes kept up steady jabbing
at enemy airlelds and at transportation
facilities, especially locomotives, in
France, Belgium and Holland. The week
was the most damaging week of air war
fare Germany has thus far undergone,
and the unpleasant thought no doubt
has arisen in many nervous Nazi mind
that each succeeding series of raids
seems to be in greater force and longer
duration than any predecessor. The
thought is not a morale builder.
Evening star., 1943-08-01

would virtually fall of its own weight, cut
off from Germany.
Second, the route to Germany proper
would be wide open, would have to be
defended at whatever cost to any other
front, opening the way to the Russians
and the Allied forces in Britain.
Third, the Budapest invaders would be
in the rear of Axis forces in Russia,
square across their vital supply lines.
Tough as it is in spots, the Genoa
Po-BudapeSt route is the easiest terrain
along any route to Axis vitals. 1t is as
close as any route to oil supplies and
munitions requirements. 1t gives wider
range of action, if successful, than any
other single offensive possibility.
Seizure of the Pc Valley would provide
air platforms within 225-550 miles of the
east and south German safe" areas
where Hitler is rushing his factories as
fast as they can be moved From them,
bombs could be rained on the only Axis
industrial areas now out of reach of
normal operational bomb trips from Eng
land and Africa.
The area east through Italy's Pc River
Valley is one to be watched in consider
Ing invasion possibilities.
Evening star., 1943-08-01

At every step the task of a maneuvering
invader would be easier.
grand slam down the Pc to the
Adriatic would cut Italy off from the
Axis. The supply problems would be
no greater than mounting an offensive
to hit the south of Italy, and an in
vasion in the south would be faced with
a fight the length of Italy.
The mountains on the Italo-Y -Yugoslav
border furnish the next natural OBJ
Stacle. Relief maps show practicable
routes where the terrain rises no more
than 5000 feet.
This mountain range is relatively mar
row. Once through to Zagreb, an invad-
ing force would literally spill" onto the
plains and valleys of South Central
Europe.
To the north lies Budapest, athwart
the Danube, lifeline of the Axis. Buda-
pest is the heart of Eastern Europe 1t
is 525 airline miles from Genoa to Buda-
pest. Distance is not an insuperable bar
rier once beaten enemy is rolling back
ward.
Invasion this way would have many
advantages:
First, the whole Balkan peninsula
Evening star., 1943-08-01
Farmers Hands Freed,

This method of supporting grower
prices at levels above consumer ceiling
prices is being employed OH several COM
modltles this year, including peanuts for
processing into edible oil, canning crops
and sugar beets.
Under future war food programs, the
individual farmer will be absolutely free
with the exception of tobacco-to pro-
duce what he pleaSes. The Government
will conduct intensive educational cam
paignS on products needed, but the farm
er will be allowed to work out his own
production goals best suited to his re-
sources
The AAA organization will continue
to play a role, but much smaller one.
Some agricultural leaders express
belief, however, that the AAA will stage
a comeback after the war is over. They
base their belief on the theory that after
War-torn Europe has been put back on
its productive feet, the demand for Amer
lean food will decline and this country
again will be confronted with an agri-
culture geared to the production Of
surpluses.
Evening star., 1943-08-01
Heavy War Demand for Food
Pushes AAA Into Background
By Ovid A. Martin,
Associated Press Writer.

Advocates of the AAA In and out of
the Government argue that everything
should be done 70 keep the AAA laws on
the statute books and to maintain
nucleus of an AAA organization for a
new postwar period of farm SURPRISES.
In that period, they predict, farmers who
now are ready to forget about the AAA
will be pleading for its assistance.
There are others who deny this, con-
tending that American agriculture would
be kept producing at top limit II sum-
cient food were made available to main
tain all citizens on good nutritional
diet.
The trouble In the 30s grew out of the
twin facts, they say, that there was q
malproduction and under consumption
agriculture produced too much cotton.
wheat, tobacco and several other staple
crops, but not enough milk, eggs, meat,
poultry, fruits and vegetables.
See No Control Need.
The present war demand for food Is
cited as evidence that there is no need
for crop control. Now that civilians have
q AOSoAu VI SpCltulllk power, LDeY
would buy about all the food that agri-
culture Is able to produce II 1t were
available. AS a consequence, civilians
have to be rationed on many important
food items.
The view that the postwar world need
not have crop control programs was
taken by the recent United Nations food
conference at Hot Springs, Va. A world
properly fed, the conference declared.
would necessitate higher level Of food
production than ever before attained. r
The United States itself, the confer.
ence said, would be hard pressed to meet
its own food needs.
The war is serving to bring about inn
portant adjustments and changes in tha
american agricultural patterns. Those
changes are in the direction of more
foods which actually have been produced
IN insufficient volume to meet nutritional
needs. In other words, the Nation is nro-
ducing more meat. milk, poultry. fr,,its
and vegetables, and less cotton and to-
bacco.
A lot OF people say there will be need
1or AAA crop control programs in the
postwar period only If consumer mr.
chasing power is allowed to slump sb,rn,v
and farmers return to old production
patterns. =
Evening star., 1943-08-01
Pacific Front

From Burma to Kiska, the United
Nations took the war to the Japs last
week, reaching out in some cases to new
territory and increasing the tempo of
the fighting elsewhere.
Kiska underwent an uninterrupted
series of air raids of such intensity
speculation was rife that landing ex-
curSion might be close at hand The at
tacks started with 10 raids on Saturday,
the oath, and these were followed by 10
more on Sunday and nine on Wednes-
Gay. Surface ships added their bit with
heavy shelling which went unanswered,
the Japs, entirely cut off from new sup
plies, apparently seeking to conserve
their ammunition.
The week was marked by the second
Of two raids on Wake Island occurring
within four days. The attack, taking
Evening star., 1943-08-01
Glider Held
OF Little Value at Present

it does carry freight, that's something of
a side line. .--,.
Carrying troops is it's big business to-
day, as indicated by the presence of
gllder-borne American troops in Sicily
The Army's glider program was start
ed little over year ago from scratch.
Yet American glider troops helped spear
head the invasion of Sicily.
Before the war, few enthusiasts had
guided light sailplanes on rising cur
rents OF air, but these are vastly differ
ent from the air-going freight boxes
the Army has developed We had no
experience with such big gliders. We had
10 design them to carry big loads and
they had to be built without interfer-
ing with normal plane production.
Inc gnder program Is very much un-
Ger wraps these days. You ask the
Air Force what they've got, and thev
reply: AN adequate number"
Lands Powerful Group.
You get the impression that the glider
program is growing pretty fast and that
some OF these days it's going to be quite
story when it can be told.
Meanwhile they will give you GLIMPSE
+ at now the glider serves it's purpose.
FIRST of all, it lands it's troops-15
1ulIy equipped men-in silence and sur
prise and all in a bunch. Paratroopers
nave to assemble after they land. The
gllder boys can jump out of their kite
with guns blazing
Next, recent tests have shown that
american ghders can land their crews
safely in places where no plane could
get down The glider itself NAV be-
banged around, but the crew is pro-
tected from injury.
Then there's the pickup. glider
can be picked up again by plane
flying over it, by using a secret device
which allows the gliders inertia to be
overcome so gradually that the whole
thing is smooth operation.
There's no jerk at all" say men
WhoVe been in gliders picked up by
passing planes. You just sink back
into your seat the way you do when
powerful passenger plane accelerates
on a take-off"
Saves Many Hours.
The glider men emphasize that be-
cause Of this pickup technique it's a
mistake to think of gliders as expend-
able-they can be retrieved, assuming
they're able to fly.
Before the pickup was worked out,
gliders grounded in places where planes
couldn't take off with them had to be
taken apart and carted to some place
where a plane could get away with
them. Recently 25 gliders using the new
pickup saved 10000 man-hours of dis
mantllng and reassembly work
Bigger gliders, both for troops and
freight, are said to be a-building.
But the big emphasis is on the idea of
using ghderS to extend military aviation
to landing areas where no ordinary
plane can operate. Ghders can deliver
types of combat equipment which the
parachute cannot.
You ask about the freight gliders and
the answer is:
Purely military in conception and
purpose We're fighting a war and are
not building up cheap postwar aerial
freight system
Evening star., 1943-08-01
Nuziis
Continued From Page C-1.

front determined to fight to the last,
they hope to be able to induce Stain to
discuss peace on the basis of the evacua-
ton of all territory conquered by the
Reich since 1899
Of course, these arguments which are
believed here to have been presented by
the Germans to Moscow through various
channels, will have no weight whatever
if the Allied armies begin their ma ior
operations against the Nazis and reach
the main defenses of the German for
tress in the near future
The next few months will be the most
momentous in the history of the Euro
pean war. They will recide the fate of
Europe.
Evening star., 1943-08-01
Assets
Continued From Page C-1)

mas been continuous since President
wilson instituted its first phase In Octo-
Der, 1917. The organization was trans
Ierreo In May, 1884, to the Department
OF Justice, where it survived in a state
OF suspended animation for nearly eight
years. On April 81, 1912. its f,nct;os,,
ana MES were transferred by executive
order to the new setup under Crowley.
Ownership Hidden.
When the Foreign Funds Control
undertook to freeze German properties
IN the summer of 1941 it found In manv
cases that it was necessary to pierce
three layers of rigged ownership. Two
had been for the purpose of cheating
German governments and the third for
decelVlng the United States The first
wrapper was designed to evade high
taxes under the Weimar Republic. The
second was an answer to foreign ex-
change controls instituted in 1884 by
HJalmar Schacht under Nazi direction
The last was superimposed after 1896.
when 1t became clear to German in
siders that another World War impended.
Under the power to freeze, the agency
set up a licensing system which clamped
an iron hand on about 5000 businesses
How were they identified? Lists were
supplied by the Department of Justice
and other establishments The banks
reported some that had been missed.
Chiefly the Treasury relied on its own
tax returns. Companies under license
had to submit all letters and trans
actions to a Treasury supervisor sta
toned on the premises. No check was
good unless countersigned by Treasury
agent. in some cases a ban on exports
was used TO drive concern out of b,lsi-
ness. At first licenses were on a 3O-day
basis With good behavior they were
extended to so and 80 days, or even
a year
Power to seize came with the War
Powers Act of December ID, 1871. The
first prey bagged was the $50 900 600
General Analine & Film Co., formerly the
American I. G.. Farben Co., which pur-
ported to have only Swiss connections,
but which, according to the Department
of Justice, was 81 per cent German
owned. The executive staff and person-
mel were purged; new officers and direc-
tors were installed; and the plant was
put to work on American war produc-
ton.
In March, 1912, the company was
turned over to the Alien Property Gus
todian, which is engaged in selling all
of its stock to the greatest possible num-
Der Of American investors. If the orig
nal owners ever wish to prosecute
claim, they will have to sue the United
States Government, which takes respon-
sibility for conflscating the shares.
Through it's control of American sub
sidiaries of German cartels, the Foreign
Funds Control has been able to force
allied concerns in Latin America to
liquidate, fire executives, directors and
employees and drop German trade marks.
In case or two, it has even exerted
similar pressure on associated companies
in Switzerland
To sum up, this country now has the
staff, personnel and machinery for eco
nomic war on global scale, both de-
fensive and offensive. 1t will be in q
position to go on fighting after the peace.
should Germany attempt to resume its
policy of all-out commercial aggression.
printed by special arrangement with the
St Louis Post-Dlspatch)
Evening star., 1943-08-01
By James ID. White,
Associated Press Writer,

Associated Press Writer
People are talking again about "skv
trains of the future" since that glider
was towed across the Atlantic with one
and half tons of freight.
Consultation with the Army Air Force
indicates that it would be just as we'll
not to get hoped up about sky trains
for while
The Air Force is very firm in regard
ing the glider just at this moment as a
weapon of war, period
The postwar angle-the freight
carrying glider-is not being neglected,
but right now it is a secondary consid-
Grafton.
Gliders have a job to do in the war,
and are doing it-youll be hearing more
and more about them, the Air Force lets
it be known.
While no one denies that the Atlantic
glider flight was historic achievement.
American Air Force comment runs like
this:
Loaded gliders have made longer ex-
perimental hops in this country than
any of the individual hops which the
glider made in spanning the Atlantic.
The glider which crossed to England
was standard American CG-4A, and it
was toWed by a standard American
transport, the CAT DC-3 before it
joined the Army.
Flight Held Uneconomical.
American experiments satisfy the
glidermen in Washington that the trans
Atlantic flight was uneconomical. They
figure that the load of towing the glider
SO increased the tugs gasoline con-
sumption and cut down its speed that it
could have made two trips itself more
efficiently.
They do not mean by this that the
freight glider is therefore all wet.
What they mean is that with that par
ticular glider, and with that particular
plane used as a tug, the job was uneco-
nomical.
They explain that you wouldn't tow a
barge with freighter-you use a tug
designed for the purpose. The idea is
that freight gliders-when they are de-
veloped) will be specifically designed
VelopedD-will be specifically designed
for the job, and will be toWed by aerial
tugs also designed for that particular
purpose,
They will even go into the aerodyna-
mics of it, but about as far as you can
follow them is the principle that the
tug and glider should be very similar,
the only big difference being that one
has an engine and the other hasn't.
Now the gliders we are concerned with
today, they say, are those we are al
ready using-the troop carrier the CG4,
and its close relative, the CG-4A.
Primarily a Troop Carrier.
The CG-4 carries I3 fully equipped
men plus pilot and cC-pilot, who are
also equipped to fight if necessary. 1t
will also carry jeep, or an unspecifed
number of motorcycles, or similar loads
where military necessity indicates that
such is desirable.
The significant factor here, as it af-
fects the question Of glider freight is
that military necessity is involved. In
other words, the CG-4 is thought of pri-
marily as a troop carrier, and though
Evening star., 1943-08-01

Americas Both Week of War
2O4th Week of World War II
By H0,card p. Bailey.

week of roundabout speculation following
m sudden removal Of Bento Mussoni the
poeon or Caesar but fell somewhat of the
OF ltay IN the still obured
kingdom will shortly withdraw
United Nations
Which Hitler
IL reported yesterday that
by Berlin to Italy waited nsev
Tor big break
command IN Africa warning by radio that
peace offer of begin
o
Completely unexpected the
victor Emmanuel had
Marshal Badogo bitter leadership