davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1943-06-21
Murray BIames One Man
For Union Labor Unrest
BY the Associated Press.

bS tHe hSSOCldteQ Press.
DETROIT, June 2l.-Blame for
current unrest in organized labor
and for congressional passage Of the
Connally anti-strike bill was placed
yesterday by Philip Murray, presi-
dent of the Congress of Industrial
Organizations, on "one man"
Addressing mass meeting of Ford
Local 500, United Automobile Work
ers (CIOD. Mr.. Murray described
the anti-strike measure as full Of
hatred and venom" and added that
if it is signed by President Roose-
welt AL people in the United States
must suffer for the acts of one man. ."
Asked by reporters if he was re-
ferring to John L. Lewis. head Of
the United Mine Workers. Mr.. Muir
ray said only: You heard my
speech"
His only direct mention OF Mr..
Lewis. when he said that the miners
chief had joined in labor's wartime
no-strike pledge, was booed by the
meeting.
Mr.. Murray said the anti-strike
bill was intended to harass and
destroy trade unions" and can only
provoke disputes between labor and
management"
The CIO chief said that unless
Congress acted soon to put an ef-
fectual control on prices" the CIO
would demand scrapping of the
Little Steel" formula for wage in
creaSes.
Evening star., 1943-06-21
Synthetic Machine Gun Offers
Troinees Shooting Gallery Fun
Electrical Device Uses Plastic Pellets;
AmpIfier Furnishes Bottle Sounds

Browning, but shoots only 100 pei
lets, so they are in the same ratio
as actual tracer bullets, one to flve.
Pellet velocity and trajectory are
according to scale, hence the trainee
learns correctly to lead" a moving
target and to aim his guy by watch
ing his tracer stream. The white
pellets. visible by day, become
huorescent at night in the black
light" Of an ultraviolet spotlight at
tached to the gun. Fluorescent tar
gets are used at night.
Amplified explosions" Of COM
pressed air accustom the trainee to
the distractions of actual muzzle
blast and the recoil and recordings
Of battle sounds tend to eliminate
the jitters he would otherwise ex-
perience in his first combat firing.
The training gun can be used in
doors or out. 1t can be mounted on
standards for use on the ground, or
in a truck or combat car. It can be
installed in the cockpit OF an air
force link trainer Of in a turret.
Durability of the gun and its pellet
ammunition are other virtues. De-
signers figure 1t can fire 10000 600
rounds or more before it'll break
down, whereas a real Browning needs
a new barrel after about 5000 rounds.
Maintenance Of the training gun is
relatively simple.
The three-eighths inch plastic pei
lets don't break easily and can be
used over and over, with an occa-
sional soap-and-water washing.
They cost only a fraction of a cent
apiece, whereas one so caliber ma
chine gun bullet costs about as much
as q 25-cent War stamp.
Evening star., 1943-06-21
Five Warships Added
To u. ). Naval Miqht
Two Destroyer Escorts to
Be Launched Today
BY Inc Associated Press


Two destroyers, a destroyer escort
vessel, cruiser and a submarine
were added over the week end to
Americas growing naval might.
The destroyers Gatling and
Dortch, named for Richard Jordan
Gatling. inventor of the rapid fire
machine gun, and Capt. Isaac Foote
Dortch, destroyer commander dur
ing the World War, were sent down
the ways into Newark Bay within
seven minutes yesterday They were
built at the United States Steels
Federal yards at Kearny. N. J.
The submarine Flasher also was
launched yesterday. 1t was the
ninth sub in II weeks to slide down
the Electric Boat Co.'S ways at Gro
ton, Conn.
On Saturday the new cruiser
Houston, namesake of the vessel lost
in the Java Sea battle in February,
1912, and the destroyer escort Chris
topher, named in honor Of Ensign
Harold Jensen Christopher, who was
killed by bomb explosion aboard
the battleship Nevada at Pearl Har-
Dor, were launched
The Houston. third vessel to bear
that name, slid into the water at
Newport News, Va, while the Chris
topher was sent into the Christiana
River at Wilmington, Del.
The bad news for the Axis will be
continued today at the Federal yards
at Kearny, where the destroyer
escorts Booth and Carroll will be
launched. They were named for
Ensign Robert Sinclaire Booth. jr.,
killed at Pearl Harbor, and 1t. Her
bert Fuller Carroll, jr., killed last
August in the Solomons.
Evening star., 1943-06-21
Mother Held in Burninq
Boy, s, Faces Hearing
81 the Associated Press

By the Associated Press
NORFOLK. Va, June 2l.-A IS.
year-old mother will be given q
hearing tomorrow before Judge Her
bert c. Cochran in Juvenile and
Domestic Relations Court on
charge Of cruelty to her e-year- old
SON.
Police charged that the woman. a
resident of a trailer camp at Cam
postella road and Berkley avenue.
applied piece Of hot iron to the
boys bare skin as punishment for
disobeying her
1t was reported by police that the
child had been ordered by his moth
er not to leave the trailer but the
boy, complaining of the heat, disre-
garded his mothers words and went
outdoors
The boy is being held at the Ju-
venile Detention Home. where he is
reported recovering from burns.
Evening star., 1943-06-21
Rail Labor Head
Clashes With Attorney
Before Railway Panel
Criticizes OPA Head
For Continued Rise
In Price Structure
BY The Associated Press.

a
NEW YORK, June 21.-A. F.
Whitney, president of the Brother
hood of Railroad Trainmen, de-
Tended his actual railroad expert
ence in verbal clash today with
the general counsel for carriers op-
posing the 80 per cent wage in
crease demand of five railroad un-
ions.
Asked by Jacob Aronson. vice
president of the New York Central
system and carriers counsel, wheth-
er Mr.. Whitney's charge that the
railroads were wasting manpower
and destroying efficiency" was
based on actual experience, the wit
ness replied:
What is the purpose of that
question-to embarrass some one? ?
No, won't answer that. It's none
of your business"
Later Mr.. Whitney told Mr.. Aron-
son: III match my service on
railroads with yours anytime"
Hits Loading Policy.
Mr.. Whitney had charged in pre-
vlous testimony before an emer-
gency board of the National Rail-
way Panel that the railroads by
holding train crews until freight
trains ARE loaded to the last pound"
were wasting manpower.
Mr., Whitney, questioned on his
prior testimony that OPA Director
Prentiss Brown was pledged to ap-
pease spectators and profteers, :"
said:
1T doesn't matter whether he
pledged or not; it was tantamount
to a pledge. The working people
are chaflng under the increased cost
of living caused by the failure of
the OPA."
The witness, representing $4,000
members of his union, said the
pledge was not made to the Presi-
dent or the people, adding but there
is a Wall Street crowd that is in
terested."
Cites Rising Prices.
Declining to answer further cues
tions on this charge, Mr.. Whitney
said to Mr.. Aronson: IT might an
sWer If you were here representing
the Government, but I understand
you are here representing Wall
Street"
Mr.. Whitney. who stated the So
475,000 increase in 1912 railroad div
idends over l94l was "a small pro-
portion of the whole earnings" said
under questioning I'VE have already
had inf1ation-it is here"
Each month, each report by Gov
eminent and other agencies shows
further increases in prices he tes-
tilted.
G. L. Jennings, Watsonville
Calf, chairman of the brotherhood
who followed Mr.. Whitney on the
stand, read detailed statement
saying that the yards are the hub
and heart of the railroads." and
that the war has doubled the work
OF yardmen and switchmen.
Chief Justice w. R. Stacy of the
North Carolina Supreme Court is
panel chairman.
Evening star., 1943-06-21
Merchant Ship Gun Grew
Downs -Four Axis Planes
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
The Navy told today how a gun
crew on a merchant vessel shot
down four Axis planes and probably
destroyed two others on a trip
through the Eastern Atlantic and
Mediterranean waters.
The ship itself was damaged BY
near misses and by bomb which
penetrated its highly innamable
cargo but failed to explode.
The Navy gun crew, commanded
by 1t. q. g. Robert H. McIlwain,
New York City, got its first enemy,
a torpedo plane, when waves Of Axis
aircraft attacked the convoy.
The gun crew held its fire until
dive bomber was within $50 feet
of the ship to count its second
coup. Two more planes were ac-
counted for in the battle.
In four plane attacks on the con-
voy the gun crew aided in driving
OF the raiders and probably shot
down two more enemy planes. the
Navy said.
Evening star., 1943-06-21
Anti-B|dck Market Play
10 Open Here Tomorrow

TITS Up to You" an anti-black
market musical show in which Gov
ernment workers and other local
residents will be the actors, will be-
gin Today run at $50 pm. tomor-
:ow in the Agriculture Department
Auditorium.
Tickets may be obtained by pur-
chasing 25-cent War stamp at the
box office, at the War savings booths
TT Hecht Co. and Woodward and
Lothrop or from an employe coun-
selor of Government agency.
The play, which was written by
Arthur Aren't and Earl Robinson.
has had Introductory performances
by a Broadway cast in New York
and was given private showing
here. Later, the play will be dis
trihuted for production by local
groups throughout the country.
The cast will include employees of
Federal departments and bureaus.
Evening star., 1943-06-21
Detroit
Continued From First Page.>

Continued From First Page.)
out of the riot areas, police offi-
cials said au
Tear gas was used within a stones
throw of the city hall when a group
chased colored youth from Mon
roe avenue into the Campus Maritus.
on the east side of Woodward ave-
nue.. Offlcers used the gas to dis
perse the crowd which gathered,
many of whom were shoppers at-a'
tracted by the commotion. 90
Doctor Beaten Fatally.
The physician who was fatalkN
beaten as he was answering . can
in the riot area was identified as DR.. j,
Joseph De Horatiis Of Detroit. ...
Eight colored men also were dead.
victims Of the racial fare-up. and :
police sergeant was critically
wounded in a gun fisht with . COLI
ored store-looting gang. ,a,G
John Frailich, 43. Romulus, g.
white man. was found shot to death
at Brush and Warren avenues this :
afternoon. Police said he was shot
through the chest. x
Evening star., 1943-06-21

continued From First Page)
trolled over and around the con-
voy from early morning until dusk,
regardless of the weather on the
changeable Atlantic.
Shore-based Sunderlands and
Li5erators occasionally passed within
sight of the convoy, too, but their
presence generally was only learned
from the radio, whose cryptic chat
terings told one dramatic story after
another.
One pilot forced submarine to
surface with his bombs. Then he
p reported that he was diving again
to machine gun the U-boat. AS his
ship screamed into the attack he
left his transmitter on and we could
hear the roar of his motor and the
stutter of his guns. Then there was
silence and no more was heard from
him
Our commodore reported that two
submarines were destroyed and
three more probably destroyed and
several others damaged. Yesterday
the Admiralty made these figures
Official, but observers in the convoy
felt that they were much too con-
eervative.
Evening star., 1943-06-21
Maryland Officer Wins
Navy Cross for Bravery
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated PreSS.
BOSTON, June 21.-Two Massa-
chusetts men and Maryland naval
commander have won hero awards
two for bravery in action against
the Japanese and the third for res
cuing comrade from Boston Har-
Dor
The 1st Naval District an
nounced yesterday that Coxswain
James A. Benfield, %, of the Rox-
bury section of Boston had been
awarded the Navy and Marine
Corps Medal; Comdr. Edmund B.
Taylor. 80, of Wardour, near An
napolis, Md. whose wife lives in
Winchester, Mass, the Navy Cross.
and 1t. u. g. Wilbur E. Quint. 20,
OF Lowell the Silver Star Medal.
The Navy Cross was presented to
Comdr. Taylor for "his gallant lead
ership and courageous conduct under
fire. as commanding officer of the
U. 8. S. Duncan during action
against Japanese naval forces off
Savo Island in October, 1912.
Evening star., 1943-06-21
Hearings on Salary Bill
For Boxing Heads DELAYED

Hearings on the bill introduced by
Representative Hartley, Republican,
OF New Jersey to pay salaries of
$4,000 year to members of the Dis
trict Boxing Commission today were
continued until later in the week
after the House District Committee
heard objections to the bill by the
District Commissioners.
The Boxing Commission now has
surplus of $4,000, it was revealed.
out OF which the acting secretary Of
the commission receives more than
81 800 a year, and a clerk in the
office similar amount.
Suggestions for payment of $40 for
each meeting attended by members
OF the commission were objected to
by Chairman Claude Owen, who
asked for a fiat salary, regardless
of the sum.
Evening star., 1943-06-21
Court
Continued From First Page)

as applied was pi elective measure
necessary to meet the threat Of
sabotage and espionage which would
substantially affect the war effort
and which might reasonably be ex-
pected to aid an enemy invasion.
The alternative which appellant
(defendant insists must be accepted
is for the military authorities to i'm
pose the curfew on all citizens
within the military area or none.
Must Not Disregard Danger.
In a case of threatened danger
requiring prompt action it is choice
between inflicting obviously needless
hardship on the many or sitting pas
sive and unresisting in the presence
OF the threat. We think that consti-
tutional government in time of war
is not so poWerless and does not
compel so hard choice If those
charged with the responsibility of
our national defense have reasonable
ground for believing the threat is
real"
The court pointed out the strate-
gic Importance of the coast area
and said then in explanation of its
stand on the regulation that there
is support for the view that social.
economic and political conditions
which have prevailed since the
close of the last century when the
japanese began to come to this
country in substantial numbers
have intensified their solidarity
and have in large measure pre-
vented their assimilation as an
integral part Of the white popu-
lation.
While the court was unanimous
as to the legality of the curfew,
Justice murphy and Justices Doug
las and Rutledge submitted concur
ring opinions to amplify their views.
Justice Murphy said that his opinion
the curfew applying only to Jap
anese goes to the very brink of
constitutional power. Under the
curfew order here challenged"
Justice Murphy said. mo less than
10000 American citizens have beeen
placed under a special ban and de-
prived OF their liberty because of
their particular racial inheritance.
In this sense 1t bears a melancholy
resemblance to the treatment ac-
corded to members of the Jewish
race in Germany and in other parts
of Europe. The result is the crea-
ton in this country Of two classes
OF citizens for the purposes of a
critical and perilous hour-to sane
ton discrimination between groups
of United States citizens on the
basis of ancestry"
In a similar case today. the court
upheld the conviction of Minoru
Yasui. lawyer and Army reserve Of
f1cer Of Portland, Oreg.. who was
sentenced to years imprisonment
for failure to heed the curfew reg
ulation. Yasui had taken out citi-
zenship, but the lower cour held that
he had lost this by employment in
the japanese consulate in Chicago.
Evening star., 1943-06-21
War Goods Producers
Urge More Incentive
For Efficient Work
Ship Builder Cites
Estimating Hazards,
Profits and Losses
By the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
Executives of two of the Nations
largest war goods producers told the
House Naval Affairs Committee to-
day they we're in full accord with
the principle of renegotiation of
contracts but believed more con-
sideration should be given to in
centives for efficient operation.
Roger Williams, executive vice
president of the Newport News
shipbuilding and Drydock Co.,
Newport News, Va. testified that on
individual contracts running as
high as s50,000,0 900 in the case of
battleship, it was virtually impos-
sible to estimate costs accurately in
advance.
I'VE have no desire wha tever to
retain excessive profits" Mr.. Will
liams declared.
Offered to Return Profits.
His company, Mr.. Williams said,
ut meeting with the Navy Price
Adjustment Board in December, Of
fered to return to the Navy profits
now estimated at more than S36,-
100000 on work for which the con-
tract price was s272 900 900, and in
addition waived voluntary contract
price increases on the battleship
Indiana, the aircraft carrier Hor-
net and on other ships, amounting
to more than 100000.
I'VE are pleased that in these
times we have been able to effect
large savings in man-hour costs"
he added.
Mr.. Williams made these recon-
mendations. among others, with re-
spect to renegotiations:
That renegotiations be under
taken after the payment of taxes.
This, he claimed, would eliminate
about twothirds of the cases.
That "a substantial incentive be
allowed for efficiency" In this con-
nection, Mr.. Williams said his COM
pany built the Indiana at savings
in man-hours of 100000 compared
to navy yard, which accounted
largely for saving of s8,000,0O0
below the costs of the nearest COM
petitor, I'VE believe we should par
ticipate substantially in such saw
rngs," he commented. Otherwise
we are penalized for our own eff
ciency."
Mr.. Williams suggested that if
the renegotiation procedure were to
be made retroactive, it also might
take in the aircraft carriers York
town and Enterprise on the first of
which he said his company lost
100000, with the latter showing a
profit of about $1,000.
F. Donaldson Brown, vice presi-
dent and chairman of the Finance
Committee Of General Motors Corp,
told the committee his company has
40 cause to complain about renego-
tiation."
Early last year. he said, General
Motors began voluntarily reducing
prices Of its contracts "to the end
that for 1912 profits on its overall
manufacturing operations, before
taxes, but after all other charges
including reserves. would be
approximately half the margin Sc
cured in the pre-war year l94l."
Evening star., 1943-06-21
VINO Finds Negroes
Providing 81 Pct.
OF War Plant Labor
Bourd Marks Increase
In Number Employed
Since 1912 Survey
By the Associated Press


The War Manpower Commission
reported today a SLOW but steady
increase in the use Of Negro workers
in war plants throughout the coun-
try" but added that there still is
mot an adequate utilization of Ne
groes in some areas and some
plants"
The VINO said Negroes COM
prised So per cent of $4,000, 900 work
ers employed in some $4,000 plants
reporting to its employment service
in July, 1912. but their number
after month-to-month increase
had risen to 81 per cent of l4,673, ZOO
workers in the same plants by the
end of last April
Nevertheless, although Negroes
make up about 10 per cent of the
Nations population. they comprise
only about 7 per cent of the en-
ployment in war industries" the
VINO said, explaining as the rea-
sons:
l. The Negro labor force is con-
centrated in that part of the coun-
try where relatively small proper
ton Of war contracts are being exc
cuted. Those areas and large pro-
portion Of the Negro working force
in them are engaged in essential
agriculture. The report observed
that "two-thirds of the country's
Negro labor supply is confined to IA
Southern States, whereas only Is
per cent Of total war contracts have
been awarded in those States'D
2. Limited occupational and
training opportunities heretofore af-
forded Negro workers" and EN-
ployer, union and worker prejudice,
even in some areas of concentrated
Negro population where war con-
tracts have created stringent labor
market"
Evening star., 1943-06-21
Seven Killed, -Four Injured
IN Crash Of Army Bomber
By the Associated Press.

SS tue AsootldIcH r!eSS'
RAPID CITY, S. Oak, June 21-
Seven men were killed and four
were injured when a four-engined
Army bomber crashed near the run
way of the Great Falls (MontD Air
Base Saturday. Maj. Ellis E. Emo
commander of the Rapid City Army
Air Base. announced yesterday.
The ship was on a routine train
ing fight from the Rapid City base
at the time. Maj Emo said. A board
of officers has been appointed to
investigate.
Mai. Emo said the following were
killed: Second 1t. Daniel B. Kline,
Seattle; Second 1t Raymond Dun
Canson, Detroit; Second 1t STAN
ley A. Smith, Cleveland; Staff Sergt
Albert S. Walsh, Manchester, N. H;
Sergt. George N. Scanzoni, Livings-
ton, Ill; Corpl. Everett C. Has
tings, Lawndale, N. c.. and Sergt.
William G. Norlag, Berwyn, III.
Injured and taken to the Great
Falls Air Base hospital we're: Sec
ond 1t. John H. Ulrich, Chicago;
Staff Sergt. Peter G. Bertram, Nor
walk, Conn; Staff Sergt. Henry c.
Dangil Lynn, Mass, and Staff
Sergt. Melvin A. Schroyer, Sonora,
Tex.
Evening star., 1943-06-21
Mobilization Of Brains
Now Wars Big Need !,
Dean Ackerman Says
Ak Of Public Opinion
Alone Can Curb Waste,
End Biekerine, He Asserts
BY the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
RICHMOND, Ind. June 2l.-Carl
w. Ackerman, dean Of the Graduate
School OF Journalism of Columbia
University, said today that the
rountry's fundamental problem"
was the mobilization of brain pow
er on the civilian front"
This global war is now primar-
lily a test of the brain power OF the
belligerents," Dean Ackerman said
in a commencement day address at
Earlham College, adding: "The con-
trolling factor in victory will be the
superior direction of force. the su-
perior intelligence Of individual
fighters and the superior alertness
of civilians"
Every citizen, Dean Alderman
said, can be grateful because he
has in his own community the in
strumentality for focusing brain
power on Washington"
IF every citizen would regard his
daily or weekly newspaper as a me-
dium for the expression of his opin-
ion, civilian public opinion could be
mobilized and it could be focused
on those ofiicials who do not seem
to comprehend that in war as in
peace the people are supreme"
There is little evidence of waste,
ineficiency, apathy or mismanage-
ment" In war industries. farms and
American institutions in domestic
economy with the single exception
of the Federal bureaucracy" Dean
Alderman said.
Part of the money which people
have paid in taxes to help our coun-
try win decisive battles is now being
used to defend the system and the
oficials responsible for confusion
and pickering" he said.
1T is time" he added, for civil
ian brain power to be focused on the
food problem or there will be no
freedom from want in our own
country"
Saying that the great abyss be-
tween bureaucracy and reality must
be bridged by the mobilization OF
public opinion" Dean Alderman
said the people Of America should
make greater use of their freedom
to express their opinions to edi-
tors"
Every citizen who writes to news
paper editors can be confident of the
result because men in high place,
may not fear the wrath of God, but
they do fear the wrath of public
opinion" he concluded.
Evening star., 1943-06-21
11,725,000 Tons Of Coal
Produced in Week
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
Bituminous coal production in
the week ended June II totaled II =
725,o0o tons. compared with $685.
900 tons for the week ended June 9,
during which a majority of the
mines were idle because of a wage
dispute that again has closed the
pits. Secretary of the Interior
Ickes. in his role of fuel administra-
tor. also reported today that anthra-
cite production in the week ended
June IL totaled $4,000 tons COM
pared with 137 900 tons for the pre-
vious week.
Evening star., 1943-06-21
Second Week Ends Without
West Atlantic Ship Loss
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
No Allied or neutral merchant
ship losses in the Western Atlantic
were announced last week-the first
time since America entered the war
that no sinkings were reported for
two successive weeks.
So far this month only four West
ern Atlantic merchant losses have
been announced. Reports last year
showed Ill merchantmen destroyed
in those waters during June.
The Associated Press count Of
announced Allied and neutral mer-
chant sinkings in the area since
Pearl Harbor totals 668.