davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1943-03-24
Gen. Hurley Is Named
For General Utility
Duty in Near East
Job Expected to Deal
With Preliminary PIons
For Invasion of Europe

Brig. Gen. Patrick j. Hurley has
undertaken new special mission
as Pr ,sident Roosevelt's general
utility man" in the Near and Middle
East, where he may have something
to do with behind-the-scenes pre-
liminaries to an Allied invasion of
Mr.. Roosevelt disclosed the new
assignment for the soldier diplomat
at a press conference late yesterday
when he announced Gen. Hurley's
resignation as Minister to New Zea-
land-tendered on March 4 as he
assumed his new duties.
The President described these
duties only vaguely, saying Gen.
Hurley would act as his personal
representative and general utility
man in the Near and Middle East to
report on various things, while re-
manning on active duty in the Army.
Situation in Turkey Delicate.
Current diplomatic problems in
that area include the delicate situa-
ton OF Turkey. which is maintain
ing a benevolent neutrality and is
considered favorably disposed to the
United Nations, while under con-
stant Nazi pressure. Announce
ment Of Gen. Hurley's mission came
on the heels of conferences between
Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower, Allied
commander in North Africa, and a
Turkish military mission visiting
there.
Gen. Hurley's mission also aroused
particular interest in diplomatic
quarters here because American
hopes for union of forces under
the French commander in North
Africa, Gen. Henri Giraud, and the
Fighting French chief, Gen. Charles
de Gaulle, rests largely on Gen.
Georges Catroux, Fighting French
leader in the Near East area.
Gen. Catroux high commissioner
IN the French inundated territories
OF Syria and Lebanon, is a follower
OF Gen. de Gaulle, but is considered
more conciliatory than his chief, and
thus perhaps the keyman to settle
differences between the two leaders.
Election legislatures in both Syria
and Lebanon, proclaimed independ-
ent under Fighting French influence,
are contemplated, though the dates
have not been set. How the elections
are to be conducted and how much
control the Fighting French will be
able to retain over the nominally
sovereign states may be part of the
problems with which Gen. Hurley
will deal.
Assumes Major Significance.
In view Of the Importance of hav-
Ing conditions in the Near and Mid
die East stabilized against any Axis
threat when the expected British
American drive into Europe is
opened, Gen. Hurleys mission as
sumes major significance.
A Republican Secretary Of War
under former President Hoover.
Gen. Hurley has been an active
emissary for President Roosevelt
Evening star., 1943-03-24

Tennessee and Nye, Republican, Of
North Dakota joined In sponsortng
the legislation.
The RACE was inactive for sew
eral years until last January when
Secretary Of Agriculture Wickard
announced its revival to provide
approximately $225, 900 900 In loans
to farmers.
Evening star., 1943-03-24

last summer that such action by
the japanese would bring retaliation.
After his press conference, the
President received q fragment Of
the bombed British House of Com
mons from Col. Arthur Evans, visit
Ing member of Parliament. The slab
OF gray stone will be placed In the
library at Hyde Park.
Evening star., 1943-03-24

lem," Senator Wherry told = re-
porter. They say they need 5000
employees. That's preposterous when
the Government already has 18
lending agencies properly manned"
Chairman Byrd of the committee
and three other committee mem
bers, Senator's George, Democrat, of
Georgia; McKellar, Democrat, of
Evening star., 1943-03-24

Reduction Of Non Essential Federal
Expenditures.
Senator Wherry, Republican, OF
Nebraska, author Of the measure,
said yesterday there was no need
for the RACE "since the Govern
ment already has 18 agencies which
lend money from soup to nuts"
Its primarily a manpower prob
Evening star., 1943-03-24
Five Senators Sponsor Bill
To End Rural Credit AGENCY
BY the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
Five Senators are sponsoring leg
islation to terminate the Regional
Agricultural Credit Corp. as a Gov
eminent lending agency, in line
with recommendation by the
Joint Congressional Committee on
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-01-24
Famous Lexingtons Have
Glorious Naval History

record of glorious action in four
major wars has been written in the
pages of United States naval history by
ships of the line bearing the name
Lexington.
BY one of the curious ironies of fate,
a Lexington was in the squadron under
Commodore Perry which opened Japan
to the world in 1854 and thus started
the chain Of events leading to the
battle of the Coral Sea, where the
queen Of the f1at-tops" went down.
Other Lexingtons have fought In far
waters, carrying the naval power of the
Nation to its enemies. And a sixth
Lexington even now is nearing COM
pletion to join the fleet and continue
the unique tradition of its famous pred
eceSsors.
The stirring stories of these ships
have been gathered from official records
by F. van Wyck Mason for books he
has written. He Is a lieutenant colonel
in the Army and is also one of the
foremost experts on the Revolutionary
Navy. During research for Rivers of
Glory" Col. Mason came across the full
story of the first U. S. S. Lexington and
became so interested that he has fol-
lowed the name down through the whole
Of our naval history.
"The name Lexington in the Navy Is
as old as the United States Navy ITSELF"
says Col. Mason. 1.-THE first vessel SO
brio oF
Continental ship ready for sea. Under
the command of Capt. John Barry,
whose statue in Independence Square,
Philadelphia, proclaims him as the
father of the American Navy, she sailed
for the first time on March 81, ITS and
within week made her first capture,
the sloop H. M. S. Edward, which was
taken after desperate fight of / hour
and 20 minutes off the Virginia Capes.
She was fast ship, which seems to
have been a characteristic of the ships
named Lexington, for $50 years later
the fifth naval ship to bear the name
broke the worlds speed record in
Pacific crossing
1.-THE second Lexington was an i8-gun
sloop of war launched in 1925 from the
New York Navy Yard.
When the Mexican War began she
took up duties along the coast of Cali
fornia and under 1t. Theodorus Bailey
engaged in the last naval operation of
the war, when she landed a party of men
at San Bias and captured the town. She
was retired from service in 1855 after
brilliant career.
The third Lexington, gunboat, was
built in 1860 in time to serve in the
Civil War. Her service throughout the
war, when she continually came to the
aid of the Army. crystalized Grants ap-
probation Of the value Of naval CO.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-01-24

to bomb the United States force. but
pilots from the Lexington shot down Is
OF these and the other two fed.
ON the morning of March 10. 1912.
the Lexington sent her planes to stage a
surprise raid on the Japanese ships at
Lac and Salamaua in New Guinea and
sank and damaged Is enemy vessels. So
effectively executed was the raid that the
Lexington and other ships in the force
left the area without being located. She
lost only one plane.
On May the great flagship became
the principal target of the Japanese air
force in the Coral Sea engagement. She
exacted heavy toll of the enemy, but
after hours of continual blasting she had
to be abandoned. The courage and
superb seamanship of her crew and pilots
are too fresh in our minds to need repeti-
ton here.
-Four days after the Coral Sea battle
Capt. (now Rear AdmiraD Frederick C.
Sherman, who had commanded the fifth
Lexington in all her engagements in this
war, addressed an appeal to Secretary of
the Navy Knox asking that the first
available aircraft carrier be named
U. s. S. Lexington. On September %
the Lexington VI was launched. Two
things are certain" concluded Col.
Mason. This new U. S. S. Lexington
will be the finest ship Americans can
build and she will follow In the high
traditions Of seamanship and courage
laid down by the ships that went before
her"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-01-24

operation and proved conclusively to an
Army general that naval and military
cooperation was necessary for a sue
cessful engagement.
The next Lexington was a first-Hne
battle cruiser, but before her keel was
laid the Navy Department changed the
specifications to aircraft carrier and the
name to Ranger, in May of 1915.
The next Lexington, the aircraft
carrier of Coral Sea fame, was the fifth.
In this war her first major engagement
was on Bougainville, New Guinea, when
her pilots shot down two Jap planes on
patrol but before they were hit the crews
mad radioed their forces of the United
States ships presence.
Eighteen japanese bombers set out
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-01-24
the Scrap Pile to Battle

picture. Our production goal for 1943
is 10o,oo0000 tons--10,o0o,0 900 more than
last year.
About half of this will come from
scrap. But from the metal mans stand
point there are two kinds Of scrap. One
is obtained from processing plants where
steel filings and cuttings provide raw
materials fully ready to go into the
melting pot. The other is purchased on
the open market as the Nations junk
the old tubs and busted machinery you
turned in last year.
So, Of the total steel used, so per cent Is
iron ore, the rest is scrap. 1t has to be
that way, because we use predominantly
the open-hearth furnace process which
requires 1t.
Therefore our steel industry expects
to need 25,ooOo00 tons of collected junk
in 1943 for scrap metal. That's five times
what the 1912 public scrap drive re-
ported.
How much are We importing? That's
military information, but the scrap ex-
pertS say it will be cumulative as certain
dismantling projects we already have
under way in Latin America begin to
yield scrap this year in bigger quanti-
ties.
Prominent among the scrap special
lists is Benjamin Schwartz, who is chief
Of the Scrap Metals Section of the Board
of Economic Warfare.
To do the scrap job abroad Schwartz
has sent out scrap men with experience
in this increasingly specialized field.
Thus far they have gone mostly to Latin
America. Very little scrap ever left these
countries before, as only Germany, Italy
and Japan used to buy it from along the
coasts where it was easily collected.
Today American scrap men are scour-
ing large areas for sources, and thus we
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-01-24
BY Cornelius F. Hurley,
Associated Press STAFF Writer


BOSTON-Uncle Sans Coast Guard
Is building new race of Iron men and
wooden ships" in the corsair feet of
converted yachts that day and night are
patroling the Atlantic seaboard
Unlike the men in other branches of
that service and in the United States
Navy who are taught mechanical trades
in order to operate their ships, the
sailors of the corsair fleet are studying
oldfashioned eamanship-learning to
hand, reef and steer" as in the days
of long ago.
The wooden ship crews have lot of
pride in their service and in their ability
to stay out on their patrols, regardless
of weather storm or cold.
In winter, in the North Atlantic. it
takes quite a bit more than pride to
stand the gaff of rough days and nights
on the wintry ocean, fighting bowling
gales to work their ice-covered sails and
cold-stiffened ropes
For most of the vessels in the corsair
fleet were built for summer pleasure
cruising. They've had heating systems
installed, with radiators in strategic
places heated from a small hot-water
boiler, and small Lighthouses give the
men at the wheel some protection from
the weather
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-01-24
BY Robert Curtis Harper.

With German submarines exacting
heavy toll of ships and lives in West
ern Hemisphere waters, and our NAVY
striving nightly to cope with this men
ace to Allied nations victory, it is timely
to read what Robert Fulton had to saw
on this subject in 1910 in Washington.
Like other prophets of new order
before and since his day, Fulton found
1t nearly impossible to peddle a revolu-
tionary idea. His was lone voice in
the wilderness. He sought lin vain to
interest the French government in 1877
in his plans for a submarine even after
he had built model snd an appointed
commission had returned favorable
report. Holland TUNED him down. First
Consul Napoleon later put up 10000
francs for fulton, who launched and
christened his submarine Nautilus.
Because his vessel did not iniure the
British feet the French government
dropped further negotiations with him.
Fulton went to England. He blew up a
shin with time bomb attached to her
during his submersion. but it was his
misfortune that Admiral Nelson within
O. week was smashing the French feet
at Trafalgar.
Returning to America sorely disap-
nointed. Fulton tried in vain to win Gov
eminent recognition of the merits Of his
submarine. The first successful sub
marine rowboat was invented by a
Tn1tchman, Cornelis van Dribel, in 1924,
and King James of England was a pas
serger on one in a subaqeous voyage on
the river Thames.
Foresaw Torpedo War.
on February %, 1870 Fulton lectured
nm torpedo War" at Longs Hotel in
this city A well preserved copy of the
New Hampshire Patriot published March
On 1910 in Concord, N. H, contained
the following comment by the editor:
mfr Fulton delivered lecture to
about 200 persons on his system of sub
marine attack by torpedoes, and it's
rrohable effect on the liberty of the
seas He exhibited these instruments
Nth all their apparatus, harpoons and
harpoon guns, and the mode of using
them. to the perfect satisfaction OF his
hearers. He concluded his lecture with
> most impressive address on the progress
If the useful arts and the obstacles that
tha ignorant oppose to new discoveries,
- n the real interests of society"
While Mr.. Fulton lectured TO the per-
Cert satisfaction of his hearers, he
to,nd tine naval brass hats unconVinced'
NV o. FEBRUARY %, 1910, we find Mr., Full
ION addressing petition to the members
~ both houses of Congress, in which he
said. in part:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-01-24
Men We're Green.

Yeah, we were greener than green, s.
remarked w. L. Cormier, a coxswain of
Hartford, Conn. I'D never been in a
boat bigger than a canoe or rowboat
before.
"Tippie stayed at the wheel, and told
us what to do for each operation in get
ting up the sails; boy we were dumb.
Some Of us thought a sheet was the
sail, and were We surprised when Tippie
told us it was the rope-a mean line
that you use to haul in the boom.
I'VE were interested, though, and 1t
didn't take us long to learn how to ham
die those sails"
Green revealed that his crew was so
interested in their sailboat, schooner,
that they spent all their spare time at
first reading books on sailing craft and
practicing handling the heavy sails.
Wed been on her only a few DAYS"
he said, when we got word that an en-
sign was coming down to inspect us and
see If we were capable of handling her.
When the ensign arrived, we backed
out of the slip on our motor, every man
Jumped to line, and we got everything
up quickly. There was a good breeze that
day, and when we fell off, she heeled over
and headed out the harbor like a race
horse.
The ensign wouldn't believe I had a
green crew on her"
The newest member of Pandora us
crew is Homer Finney of Charleston. w.
Va, already dubbed "the Rebel" after
only few days aboard.
The schooner is the first vessel he ever
boarded In his life.
Il like it fine" he drawled. but
guess I've got a lot to learn, especially
the English these fellers talk. They sure
have accents"
That brought roar from the others
in the crew.
That's the way they are all the time"
Green said later of his crew of eight "T
don't know the words to use to tell Won
what fine bunch they are. And thew
work hard. None of them has had more
than a year in the corsair fleet. but I'd
recommend any of them-except our
new recruit, of course-for command of
one OF the boats"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-01-24
i. S. Coast Guard Corsairs
Form New Defense Fleet

Typical is the crew Of the former yacht
Pandora II, in command Of a curly
haired, blue-eyed 24-year-old Down
Easter, Ronald Green, a first-class
boatswain's mate from Lubec, Me.
Only feet 2, Green is dwarfted by his
crew of 6-footers, who call him "Tippie"
for short.
Green grew up on the Maine coast,
and like most boys whose fathers live
on and by the sea, he can't remember
when he didn't know how to sail a boat.
Il guess I was about years old when
my father first let me help him handle
a tiller,' he said
Green enlisted about a year ago, and
within day was assigned to powerboat
Tn harbor patrol, He rose rapidly to
machinlsts' mate. first class, and switched
over to boatswain's mate when the Coast
Guard began to send out It's sailing YES
sells.
He was assigned to command the Pam
dora II when she was taken over by the
Coast Guard.
I'll never forget that first day. We
were in Maine port, and I had four
men in the crew. None of them had ever
been aboard a sailboat before" Green re-
lated
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-01-24

shall be getting dismantled short rail
lines, abandoned bridges and disused
machinery from the entire Western
Hemisphere.
Scrap will come In from the blacksmith
shops Of Greenland, the sugar hills of
the tropics, the oil ref1neries and fields
of South America.
Big Scrap Future.
Schwartz says the scrap future is q
big one.
He points out that as we use more
electric furnaces instead of our present
open-hearth process we'll get to the point
where we may use practically nothing
but scrap. This is important from the
standpoint of conserving our ore re-
sources, and is based also upon our trend
toward high-alloy steels and metals.
His scrap scouts are amassing huge
piles of junk metals in foreign ports. If
we can't ship them home right away,
they'll be there ready for use when we
get around to it.
And there doesn't seem to be much
question but that We'll want it. Paul c..
Cabot, head of the new Salvage Division
of the War Production Board, says at is
extremely important to realize that scrap
needs in the future will be greater than
ever"
"The economy Of scrap" is another
phrase you'll hear more about The ex-
perts say that for every ton of scrap we
use, we leave in the earth five tons of
iron ore, coal and limestone
The scrap men say such considerations
will loom large in the postwar world,
when all nations presumably will try to
use their natural resources for construc-
tive purposes instead of smuggling one
another with them in organized warfare
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-01-24
BY Howard w. Blakeslee,
Associated Press Science Editor.

Associated Press Science Editor
LAWRENCE, Kans-The University OF
Kansas has q chart shaped like clock
face, which records civilizations great
moments since 400 AID. and indicates
that the present war in Europe may end
In about year.
But the chart indicates further that II
the war does end so soon, it can break
down into a series Of civil wars. and
then, within the next 10 to 30 years re-
sumo to finish as a world struggle,
Finally the clock chart indicates that
the last half of this century Is to be a
long period of constructive rebuilding
of freedom and democracy. No matter
what happens In the next 10 to 20 years,
this clock fixes the great reconstruction
tlfne as the last half of the present CEN
Jury. The key Is long-range climatic
fluctuations.
The chart shows rhythm In human
aHalrs, ups and downs which for nearly
1900 years have been repeating them
selves In complicated but perhaps pre-
dlctable pattern and all swinging with
long-period climatic changes. The chart
ing mas taken 10 years and it was started
without any idea of either war or
weather.
1t began when DR.. Raymond Holder
wheeler OF the psychology department
traced the history of psychology since
ancient Greece.
lie noted that psychological ideas de-
Veloped in complex rhythmic cycles The
cycles alternated between idealism and
mechanism. He plotted these urs and
downs along horizontal base line repre-
senting the passing of centuries. The
rnytrm was so pronounced that DIR.
wheeler studied the history of other hu-
man activities to see If there might he
other rhythms.
He found the same pattern of UPS and
downs In art, literature, music chemis-
try invention, physics biology and other
cultural progress. Furthermore the
cycles all were similar in alternating be-
tween idealism and mechanism.
When all were plotted across the scale
OF centuries, the ups in all activities oc-
CURED at about the same time. The
downs behaved similarly. Sometimes a
cycle lasted only about 10 years, sone-
times much longer,
War Dates Plotted.
DIR. Wheeler then studied war by plot
ting the dates and issues of 1000 bat
ties. The battles showed international
wars alternating In cycles with civil war
periods. These war cycles furthermore
corresponded in time to the ups and
downs of all the other human activities
International wars took place In the
ldealistic periods; civil wars in the mech
anistic.
Here was chart Of an apparently uni
versal rhythm in civilization. but with
no key to the swings.
Then one day a colleague called DIR.
Wheeler'S attention to lecture bv Dr
A. E. Douglass, University of Arizona as
tronemer, who had discovered the rec
ords of longtime weather cycles in tree
rings.
These weather cycles Of Douglass. /"
said the colleague, remind me of the
cycles on your charts"
DR.. Wheeler laid the weather cycles
on his charts. The weather swings fitted
the human cycles. Warm periods COIN
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-01-24
Weather Cycles.

Weather Cycles.
That was the beginning Of the Kansas
clock. Since then the knowledge Of
weather cycles has extended from the
1l-year sunspot cycles to include az to
% cycles which seem to be related to
sunspots, and 170-year cycles which
reach a climax about each $40 years.
In all these weather cycles the At be-
tween civilizations cycles and the
weather continued good. The chart
showed long cold periods centering IN
$50 AID, 900, 1910. Those were the 5l0-
year cycles.
Another such 5l0-year cycle. II
weather history repeats, is due to reach
its cold peak around 1880. Furthermore,
by the Kansas clock, the world. II
weather history repeats, Is just passing
out of warm period into short. cold
civil war period, to be followed by an
other warm international wartime in
the next 10 to 20 years.
All around the Kansas clock the in
ternational wars have been connected
with the warm periods, the civil wars
with cold.
The clock may be wrong about the
weather of the next few years, for
weather history seldom exactly repeats
itself. But the historical record of 1900
years Is unmistakable on this Kansas
chart.