davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1943-07-07

has wrestled with the plane -artil-
lery-tank- covered enemy for six
years. During these six years there
occurred 10 major battles in which
enemy forces engaged numbered
each time more than 100000.
Many Of these, such as the battle
Of Taierhchwang in 1898, the three
battles of Changsha, the Kiangsi-
Chekiang counterofYensive last sum-
mer, and the recent battle of the
Upper Yangtze, were decisive victo-
ries for the Chinese Army. OF the
10 major battles, the battle of
Shanghai extended over q period OF
three months and the battle OF Wu-
han required four months. Add to
this the length of time required by
the other II battles, and we have
total of 81 months spent In major
battles with our Japanese enemy.
The nature OF the war being what
1t Is, smaller engagements with the
enemy are no less vital to us. Our
statistics show that there have been
852 battles In which enemy strength
involved was estimated at from
10000 to 10000 troops. There have
also been 1890 minor battles and
1859 guerrilla skirmishes.
Six-Year War Record.
Other figures of the six year war
record are as follows: Enemy soldiers
killed. 688,009; enemy soldiers
wounded, 1,374,368; enemy soldiers
captured, 22.064; enemy supply
troops killed and wounded, 900, 600;
total enemy casualties, 1867, 1896.
War material captured numbered
as follows: Heavy artillery pieces,
zoos; light and heavy machine guns,
1916; infantry pieces, 197,668; mill
tary automobiles, 9,l57.
Since Pearl Harbor the japanese
aggressor has taken on more con-
quests and more adversaries to tax
his war strength. At present the
japanese air force has begun to
show signs of inferiority. The Jap
anese Navy also has reached a stage
in which it seeks to avoid further
losses. That is why Japan is
anxious. before the defeat of Ger
many, to consolidate quickly her
defensive position SO that in the
future she will be able to engage the
Allies in long drawn conflict.
Japan already has occupied the
outer fringe Of the Pacific islands
and is capable of holding. the Allied
sea and air forces at arms length
outside her radius Of activity. The
only vulnerable spot of our enemy
remains the mainland of China,
from which air ofYensives against
Japan proper can be carried out.
Thorn In Jap Side.
To entrench herself for her COM
ing defensive war. therefore, Japan
Evening star., 1943-07-07
Bishop Of Marking
Celebrates High Mass
Marking China S Fight

After a sermon in which his role
in China was likened to that of
Cardinal Mercier of Belgium during
the World War, the Right Rev
Paul Yu-Pon, Vicar Apostolic and
| bishop of Nanking, China, celebrated
| solemn pontifical mass today at
| the Shrine of the Sacred Heart. Six
teenth street and Park road NV. in
observance of the sixth anniversary
/ Of Chinese resistance to japanese
aggression.
G. Barry O'Toole. former rector of
Fu-Jen Catholic University of Peip-
ing, now on the faculty of Catholic
University.
A mass meeting marking the
anniversary of Chinese resistance
will be held at Mount Vernon Place
Methodist Church, 900 Massachu-
sets avenue NV, at o'clock to-
night. Representative Judd of Min
nesota and DR.. Choh- ming Ii of
Nankai University will speak. DR..
c. c. Hung, pastor of the Chinese
Community Church, will preside.
The meeting is sponsored by the
Chinese National Salvation Associa-
ton.
Several Chinese priests assisted
Bishop Yu-Pin in the celebration
Of the mass today. There were many
Chinese among those attending the
service
Start of Conflict,
Six years ago today" Msgr.
OToole said, the Chinese people
undertook to defend the divine order
Of justice against the lawless vio-
lence of men. At Lukouchiao, a
point 20 miles west of Peiping, the
Chinese garrison returned the un-.
provoked fire of their japanese as
sailants, and China's heroic war of
resistance began.
Poorly armed though they were,
but making up in sheer courage for
what they lacked in equipment, the
Chinese Army, under the splendid
leadership Of Generalissimo Chang
Kai-shek, pitted their flesh against
the mechanical forces of Japan and,
spilling their blood in torrents, even
tually stopped the invader Gead in
his tracks of ruthless carnage end
devastation
Msgr. OToole recalled the begin
ming of japanese aggression in Man
churia in September, 1881.
Americans" he said, will always
recall with pride the fact that,
through Secretary of State Stim-
sons note of January 7, 1882. the
United States was the first, If not
the only nation, to protest against
the scrapping of solemn treaty by
this wanton act
Preached Noble Virtue.
Msgr. O'Toole chose as his text the
verse Greater love hath no man
than this, that man lay down his
life for his friends"
He turned toward the celebrant.
Most Rev. Bishop Yu-Pin," he
said, from the first days of the war
your eXcellency like Cardinal Mer-
cier during the last war has preached
this noble virtue to your country
men.
III is because you fully realize
the great tragedy of their sacrifice
that you have called us here today
to pray for the soldier dead of ali
the United Nations, in union With
the holy sacrifice of the mass
eternal continuation of Christ's sac
rificial death for mankind upon The
altar of the cross. Eternal res
grant unto them, o Lord, and let
perpetual light shine upon them"
Evening star., 1943-07-07
Levin Finds War Freed U.S..
Of Domination by Foreign Art

1t took the worlds deadliest war
to unshackle foreign artistic domi-
nation OF America, according to
Sylvan Levin, Washingtonian who
will be guest conductor at the Ma
tional Symphony Orchestras Water
Gate concert tonight.
Isolated by war from foreign
artists, we began taking stock OF
our own assets and decided we
must stand on our own feet artisti-
cally," Mr.. Levin remarked. AT
least that Is the position taken by
the Philadelphia Opera Co." Mr..
Levin is director Of the company.
In his own career, he has prac-
ticed what he breaches. Mr.. Levin
never studied abroad. Il visited
their musical centers and I found
we had something of our own just
as good" he said.
Much American Talent.
I'VE have q great reservoir of
talent in America. Our opera COM
pany sings operas in English. That
Is the secret of success of opera
houses abroad. The man on the
street takes his family, for a small
sum, into an opera house and hears
the great operas sung in his own
language. something he can un-
derstand and appreciate. Our COM
pany has used 5000 singers in the
past four years and they are all
American singers. Our entire cast
is American"
Once the man in the street be-
gins to hear operas sung in Eng
lish, he also becomes a lover of
symphonic art" Mr.. Levin contin-
ued. Each compliments the other.
The opera, fortunately, is a union
of the arts, in which music, singing,
acting, stage setting and costuming
are intertWined"
Mr.. Levin, who attended Central
High School and whose parents, Mr..
and Mrs. Sam Levin, live at 1877
Shepherd street NV. has come
long way in the world of art since
Evening star., 1943-07-07

must Of necessity eliminate this
huge thorn In her side that Is the
Allied base In China. To this end,
since February this year, the
enemy's efforts in China have been
bent toward clearing up . passage
on the sector of the Yantze River
between Yoyang ard Ichang. His
hope was to strengthen occupied
Ichang as troop station and oper-
ating base before pressing on to
Chungking itself.
In May the Japanese mustered
seven divisions which started an
offensive westward up the Yangtze,
aiming step by step to break through
our strategic defenses and the outer
defenses OF Chungking. However,
our Army. anticipating this move,
had long. prepared the ground for
the invaders by breaking up the
roads, reshaping the terrain, and
constructing defense works on the
outskirts OF Szechwan province.
After the enemy had been en-
shared into this trap, with its
brokenup terrain, he found not only
all his approaches blocked. but also
q strongly based communicating
Chinese force hitting him from the
front and other previously planted
Chinese forces cutting him OIL from
both sides. There was also the 81
multaneous appearance Of United
States Army Air Forces planes
above so that our forces on the
ground were enabled to release their
attacking power to the full. Thus
surrounded and attacked from four
sides, the enemy collapsed in short
order leaving more than 10000 in
casualties.
Blood and Sweat.
This type of warfare, which had
been effectively employed by the
Chinese Army on repeated occa-
sions before, is the product OF much
expenditure OF blood and sweat.
None of the reasons that con-
tribute to its successful employment
comes by accident.
After six long and hard years,
China has thrown into her war all
of her available human and ma
Evening star., 1943-07-07

he played the piano here. first at
the old Rialto Theater on Ninth
street and later at the Mayf1ower
Hotel and Chevy Chase Country
Club.
War Revives Music Interest.
With all its horrors, war has
rekindled an interest in music" he
said. Our opera company, for sx-
ample, already has booked 100 en-
gagements for the next season,
taking us to Canada. as far south
as Texas and through the Middle
West"
The American composer and the
artist. creative and interpretative,
are watching the growth of opera
sung in English with more than
academic interest They await the
day when opera houses will be found
in small as well as large American
cities, he said.
1T Is time we Americans started
taking pride in our own accomplish
ments and abilities" Mr.. Levin EN-.
phasized. I'VE Have been dominated
artistically by foreign composers and
artists for more than 100 years. Now
we are discovering we, too, can make
a great contribution to the arts"
Evening star., 1943-07-07
J. Ralph CrutchfieId Dies;
Former D. {. Really Man

J. Ralph Crutchfield, formerly
prominent in the real estate busi-
ness here, died unexpectedly yester-
day at a defense plant near Pitts
burgh. He made his home at
Sewickley, Pa.
Mr.. Crutchfieid took prominent
part in the development of Be-
thesda and in the organization of
the Congressional Club. He Joined
the National Press Club in 1921.
His widow is the former Josephine
Morefleld, associated with the Com
mittee on Public Information here
in the World War and more recently
active in Democratic politics in
Pennsylvania. He is also survived
by two sons, Ralph, jr, and Jack.
Burial will be in Arlington Gene
terry Friday.
Evening star., 1943-07-07
Heavy Weapons Held
China's Biggest Need
After Six War Years

Maj. Gen. Wen-tchih Tsai
came to this country in April,
1912, as member OF Gen. Hstnng
shih-tefs military mission. He
had been in the China ,Dar up
to that time, having distin-
guished himself as one OF the
brilliant younger officers in the
Chinese Army. Since Gen.
Hsiung's departure last Deccm-
Der, Maj. Gen. Tsai has remained
in Washington in charge OF the
Office of the Chinese military
mission.
By MAI. GEN. WEN -CHIH TSAI,
In Charge of Chinese Military Mission to
the United States,
Six years ago, on July z, the Japa-
nese Army, having prepared itself for
an aggressive war for some go years,
struck at China with the full expec-
tation of a quick defeat of the ILL
prepared Chinese Army.
Our answer was prolonged war
of attrition which, according to pre-
conceived plans. was divided into
two stages. During the first stage
our aim was. by successive with
drawals, to extend the theater Of
conflict, spread out the enemy forces
the better to destroy them. In the
second stage, we intended to freeze
the war fronts and launch counter
attacks against the enemy. The bat
tie of Wuhan (Wuchang. Hankow
and Hanyang) in 1888 marked the
dividing line between the two stages.
At the time Of the Wuhan battle,
the total enemy strength in China
had reached 40 divisions. But, on
account of the already extended war
areas and the far-flung war fronts,
as we'll as the large-scale guerrilla
activities which we had set on foot
in the enemy's rear, the enemy had
no choice but to scatter his forces.
AS a result, only l3 divisions of the
Japanese forces participated in the
first-line offensive. It was the first
of numerous instances in which the
enemy failed to concentrate his full
attacking force for crushing blow
against us. 1t was also a complete
vindication of our strategy of en-
ploying space to wrest the initiative
from the enemy and weaken his
strength at any one spot.
19 Major Battles.
Now the Chinese Army. equipped
with the light arms Of the infantry
Evening star., 1943-07-07
President Broadcasts
Greetings 10 China
On War Anniversary
By the Associated Press.

BY the ASSocihted fTeSS.
President Roosevelt sent a special
shortwave radio greeting to the peo-
ple of China today on the sixth an
niversary of their resistance to jap
anese aggression.
The message, read for the Presi-
dent in a transmission from San
Francisco to Chungking, was fol-
lowed by excerpts from former ad-
dresses by Mr.. Roosevelt in his own
voice.
Our friends have long known
what our enemies are learning to-
day." the message declared, that
the promises of the United States
are always kept and our pledges are
always redeemed.
Promises Borne Out.
The statements which follow
have been made by me at various
times since we Joined hands with
you in this war. 1t is good to know
that the hopes and the promises
expressed on these former occasions
are all being borne out today.
oClld yOQ, UllC PCOPlC VI Sllllld,
the heartfelt greetings of your part
ners, the people of the United
States"
There followed these reproduc-
tions of past addresses by the Presi-
dent:
I'VE are fighting on the
same side as the brave people of
China, those millions who for
years have withstood bombs and
starvation and have whipped the
invaders time and again in spite
of the superior japanese equipment
and arms.
Arms Will Be Delivered.
"Chuneking has been almost
wiped out of existence-yet it re-
mains the capital of an unbeatable
China. That is the conquering
spirit which prevails throughout the
United Nations in this war.
mo matter what advances the
Japanese may make, ways will be
found to deliver airplanes and
munitions Of war to the armies of
Generalissimo Chang Kai-shek.
The common needs of all
humanity are joining the culture
of Asia with the culture of Europe
and the culture of the Americas to
form, for the first time, real world
civilization.
Evening star., 1943-07-07
Chang Urges Immediate
Blows Against Japanese


CHUNGKING, July 7 (P).-Gen-
eralissimo Chang Kai-shek issued a
call today to the United Nations to
strike at once in force against Japan
because now, he declared, is the op-
perfume moment Ito reap great re-
suits" in reducing the time and cost
of final victory.
In message to the people of the
Allied Nations on the anniversary of
the day six years ago that China
was attacked, the war leader as
serted Japan now lis at her weakest,
as her ready resources are ap-
preaching a point of exhaustion"
Should we let her have further
respite to complete impregnable de-
fenses and to wage long drawn-out
war with US he added, "the time
and price the Allies will have to pay
to defeat her will be many times
longer and heavier than what are
required today"
TN anniversary greetings sent
from London, Prime Minister
Churchill told the generalissimo
the successes in North Africa and
on the Yangtze gave tangible
evidence in the East and the
West of what is to come" and
said ''the pattern of events is now
becoming clear.D
Gen. Chang, who told his own
people in another message that the
time limit for utter defeat of the
japanese invasion armies cannot
exceed two years." urged full support
OF the Roosevelt Churchill agree
ment to wage the war on the jap
anese and European fronts with
equal power"
In the execution of this STRAIT
egy,' he promised. our Allies can
count upon the determination of
the Chinese Army to contribute
whatever is within their power and
to make whatever sacrifices neces-
sary. ~
Gen. Chang ruled out any "nego-
tiated peace" insisted it should be
one seeking the emancipation of
entire mankind" and declared:
The United Nations should set
up at the earliest possible moment
joint machinery for the winning of
the peace as we'll as the efficient
prosecution of the war.
ITO safeguard international JUS
tice and collective security and to
insure the successful functioning of
democratic government after the
war there must be postwar world
organization with the solid backing
of an international force"
The Chinese war leader assured
his own people that this would be
"the decisive year" of the war, one
In which the foundation of ultimate
victory will be laid, and start at
least made toward driving out the
invaders through IAN unending
stream of victories"
Evening star., 1943-07-07
Soviet Army Paper
Halls Chino's Stand

MOSCOW. July 7 (PD.-Praising
Chinese resistance on this 9Th an
niversary of the Chinese-Japanese
war, the Soviet Army newspaper Red
Star said today that the will of the
Chinese people was unbroken and
their faith in victory mistaken.
The Chinese people continue to
fight bravely for freedom and ma
tional independence, it said.
Evening star., 1943-07-07
Bates Named to Rules Groun

Representative Bates, Democrat.
of Kentucky was chosen by the
House yesterday for membership on
the Rules Committee, succeeding
Representative Nichols, Democrat,
of Oklahoma, who resigned from
Congress recently to become an ex-
ecutive of an airline.
Evening star., 1943-07-07

to whittle down gradually Japanese
shipping and air force, to strike at
Japanese industrial centers and
destroy the very heart Of the ag-
gressive empire. But before the
China base could be used effectively
by the Allies it must cease to be .
base to the enemy.
Given sufficient reinforcements
In the form of heavy weapons and
of protective air forces, the Chinese
Army, I believe, could pry the in
vaders loose from their footholds
and roll them back, and prepare the
ground for offensive action which
will lessen the chances of protracted
warfare and huge sacrifices in the
future.
released by the North American
Newspaper Alliance, Inc.)
Evening star., 1943-07-07

Every time you lick War savings
stamp you help lick the Axis.
Evening star., 1943-10-09

with the system can do the work
quickly Mr.. Burke said.
This year, Mr. Burke said, citizens
will be asked to mail the bulk of
the Christmas letters and packages
in November. Mail not postmarked
by at least December 10 will not
be sure of delivery by Christmas.
Honesty demands that we tell
the people frankly that if Christ
mas mail is not in by December
10, we cannot assure delivery in
time Mr.. Burke declared.
Mr.. Burke was pessimistic over
the possibility of getting additional
help for the holiday season.
Everybody is going after the high
school kids" he said We'll get
some, of course"
He pointed out also that they
could not count upon as many COL
lege students as in the past, in view
of the drop in enrollments and the
number of men in the armed serv-
(See MAIL, Page A-4)
Evening star., 1943-10-09
Two Noted Political Exi|es
Cross Paths in London
BY the AsSnclated press

BY the Associated Press.
LONDON, Oct. 9.-Two noted
political exiles-one in flight from
his native land and the other going
home after many years absence
crossed paths in London today.
At hotels in the west end of Lon
don Prof. Neils Bohr of Denmark
and Count Carlo Sforza closeted
themselves from outsiders.
All callers were told that both
men, the first a renowned Danish
scientist and the other an anti
Fascist Italian politician, were see
ing only friends and had no state
ments to make.
En- route to Italy where he is be-
lieved to be intending to re-enter
the political life which he aban-
doned when Fascism came to power
in 1922, Count Sforza came to Lon
don by United States transport.
A son who is accompanying him
said his father is going to Italy as
a private citizen"
Prof. Bohr, who is a Nobel prize
winner, had intended to keep news
OF his arrival in London secret be-
cause of complications it might
cause friends and relatives in
Denmark.
Count Sforza already has con-
ferred with Foreign Secretary An
thony Eden and will spend several
days here discussing Italian politi-
cal problems.
Evening star., 1943-10-09
Axis Forces Lose
| 5000 Planes in
| Mediterranean
81 the Associated Press.


ALLIED HEADQUARTERS, AL
giers. Oct. 9.-The campaign that
began in North Africa last November
has cost the Axis more than 5000
planes up to October /. Allied Air
Force headquarters said today.
OF that number 3.4l1 were de-
stroyed in the air. Nearly $500.
mostly wrecked by bombing. were
found on captured Axis airfields.
The number of enemy planes
counted on fields occupied on the
Italian mainland has mounted to
$50. More than 500 were found in
Tunisia and more than LOO in
Sicily.
The total does not include planes
destroyed by bombings in fields still
held by the Germans.
The Northwest African Air Force
also reported sinking of 1875 ships
totaling $4,000 tons.
The weight of bombs dropped on
Italy in September was computed
as 1888 tons. This was over 5000
tons more than the last previous
high for this theater in August.
With the weather less favorable
smaller tonnages are likely in the
coming months.
Evening star., 1943-10-09
Heavy Bombers
Strike Far Into
Eastern Reich
u. S. Flyers Penetrate
To Within 300 Miles
OF Russian Front
Sy the Associated Press.

LONDON, Oct. 9.-Strong for
nations of heavy American
bomberS flew deep into Europe
today to bomb important targets
in Pomerania, in Eastern Ger
many, Poland and East Prussia
it was announced.
This deepest daylight penetration
into Hitlers fortress from British
bases followed up an RAF raid in
great strength last night on the
German rubber manufacturing CEN
ter of Hanover and lesser raid
on the port of Bremen. which
American bombers had left in flames
yesterday
The round trip from the vicin-
lty of London to East Prussia
would involve a flight of at least
1900 miles,
Referring to yesterdays Bremen
raid, the Berlin radio claimed that
48 planes out of the powerful North
American air formations" had been
shot down. The Americans an
nounced the loss of 30 bombers
yesterday.
1t admitted considerable DAM
age in last nights Hanover raid.
The RATS night assaults climaXed
day of intense aerial activity
'See RAIDS, Page A-2D
Evening star., 1943-10-09
New York Dock Blaze
Loss SET at $500, 900
By the Associated Press.

By the Assoc iated Press
NEW YORK, Oct. "a spectacular
fire swept through an East River
water front warehouse of the Inter-
national Diesel Electric Co. last
night in Long Island City causing
damage estimated by the company
president at s5OO,OOO to machinery
which was to have gone to the Army
and Navy.
All fire apparatus in Queen,
County and fireboats in the area
were called. The glow from the fire
was so brilliant it was easily visible
to hundreds of Manhattan residents
along the East River Sparks, eX-
ploded when water from the fire
hoses short -circuited two 20,O00-volt
transformers, f1oated across the riv-
er into Manhattan.
The blaze was extinguished after
three hours. Cause of the fire was
undetermined. It's source. firemen
said, was at the pier end of the
building where workmen during the
day had been loading Grated ma
chinery on barges and transports.
Evening star., 1943-10-09
Post Office Offers to Place
Zone Numbers on Yu|e Lists

If you've misplaced your map of
the city postal zones and don t
know how to address your Christ
mas cards correctly, don't fret The
City Post Office will be glad to sup
ply the zone numbers for your holi-
day mailing list.
That's the personal service Post
master Vincent C. Burke is offering
Washingtonians, who haven't been
too good about using zone num-
bers. Of course, Mr.. Burke hopes
for dividends in the form of prop
erly addressed Christmas mail that
can be handled quickly by relatively
inexperienced employees.
Mr.. Burke specifically suggested
that persons who don't know the
zone number of persons on their
holiday mailing lists, mail the lists
to the city delivery division of the
postoffice next month The zone
numbers will be placed opposite the
names on the list and returned to
the senders.
Men who are we'll acquainted