davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1943-10-17
BY Thomas R. Henry,
Star Stdt Correspondent.

Krim. who finally were conquered by
the French in 1926, and most of them
are now in the Spanish Army, where
they were an important element in the
Franco victory. The word "goum' is
simply an Arabic word applied to them
by the French and means irregular
soldier The men never refer to them
selves as "goums"
The members of the regiment which
took part in the battle of Teghime Pass
in Corsica belong to eight or ten differ
ent tribes of the Middle Atlas Noun
tains-such as the Ait-Sokhman, Ait
Mhemd, Ait-Yousy, Ait-Pu-Imaz, Ait
Mtifa, Ait-Yazri, etc. "Ait" means
always sons Of" They are all members
of the Tserrochen Confederacy, a group
OF tribes under a single caid, U-Shto.
They are, perhaps, the last of the
worlds aboriginals to be conquered by
Europeans. They held out in their
mountain Businesses against the French
until 1936-nearly 10 years after the
Rifhans were subdued. There are also in
the goums one rather large group of
Arabs, the Seraghma. They are almost
as distinct from the others as would be
an admiXture of Europeans.
Loyal to the French
In 1896 their tribal organization was
pretty badly smashed up. Their major
way of life had been war and looting.
1t is perhaps the best tribute that can
be paid to French colonial policy that
it has been possible to take over these
men and enable them to continue in
their customary way of life, but at the
same time make them an integral part
of the French Army, subject them to a
degree Of military discipline, make their
methods of warfare conformable to Eu-
ropean standards-and yet make them
like 1t. The goum is absolutely loyal
to the French. This is largely due to
the French officers, all specially trained
for the job, most of them able to speak
Berber, to whom the mask of reserve on
the goum means nothing.
The officers know how to make the
goums love them, and at the same time
crack down. They must be profound
students Of Berber psychology which,
once the linguistic barrier is crossed,
probably doesn't differ much from any
psychology. The ofacial language of
command is Arabic, Of which the goum
Is taught the minimum necessary for
him to understand orders. But the other
day the colonel Of the regiment picked
up 4 wounded goum along the road and
took him In his car to st. Florent, all
Evening star., 1943-10-17

church, she and turned to the right
side, where most Of the women sat, and
my father turned to the left. Later,
when a new auditorium was built,
Fannie and I sat with friends of our
own age, and my father and mother
sat together, as other husbands and
wives were beginning to do"
And, again: when we moved into
the new auditorium, the sawdust-filled
boxes at the end of the pews disap-
peared. With them went the posters
conspicuously requesting tobacco chew
ers: Please use the spittoons.'"
The late District Commissioner Mel
win G. Hazen and Mrs. Hazen were
sweethearts at Ryland and were mar
ried there.
Early Church Customs.
In referring to her own marriage
there. a number Of years ago, Mrs.
Hayes says:
EARLY the next morning while the
day was still cool, we went to the
church for quiet wedding. I wore my
golden brown surah silk travelling dress
and had no attendants. 1t was all to
be very simple; but when Frank and
I entered the church, I saw that
miracle had been wrought. Instead of
entering a chapel with wooden pews
and pillars and bare walls, I seemed to
be entering woodland scene Fresh
green vines had been used to cover the
tops and ends of pews. Long vines had
been stretched from the altar rail to
the ceiling, from which hung a great
bell of white flowers, with a Gala lily
representing the clapper. In the pews
were the dear, kind people among whom
l had grown up, who had done this
thing for me. How could I ever leave
them? Panic filled me, and it seemed
impossible that should go away, from
Washington, into distant part of the
country among people I knew not"
Old Potomac School.
In all, Ryland Church has had 80
pastors. The Rev Shannon occupied the
pulpit in 1874. Others included the Revs.
John Mitchell, Jeffreys, Carey, Charles S.
Briggs, and the present pastor, the Rev.
Karl G.. Newell. who is now serving
his ninth year. The Rev. c. w. Baldwin,
who served in 1868 and again in 1878,
Evening star., 1943-10-17

erty as best he could and kept the men,
bership together.
AS to this military hospital, an account
states that in 1862 trainload Of
wounded soldiers arrived at the Mary
land avenue railroad station, wholly un-
attended and uncared for, as they lay
IN agony on open fiatcars and in box
cars. AS one writer puts it: ~ =
-Four hundred men arrived Unexpectedly
from Front Royal, where they had
already endured much misery because of
the disorganized medical service in the
Valley. No ambulances came to meet
them, and no hospital official appeared
After a fruitless effort to find the
Surgeon General, the doctor in charge
deserted them, and went of to eat and
sleep. Aroused from their beds by the
news Of the soldiers predicament,
nearby residents of the Island hurried
to the depot with hot drinks, food stimu-
lants and fresh bandages. Grace Church,
Ryland Chapel and Potomac Hall were
opened, and the wounded were carried
in and cared for. The citizens of the
seventh ward repeatedly came to the
rescue at the Maryland Avenue Depot,
and won high reputation for generosity
and compassion"
1t is said that when the upper floor Of
the church was used as hospital that
the lower floor was occupied as a stable
for horses, and that at the close of the
war 1t was necessary to spend $4,000 to
repair and enlarge the church to it's
present proportions. The only change
made since then was the adding of a
Colonial front in 1911, during the
pastorate of Rev. Benjamin w. Meeks.
After enlarging and reconditioning
the church, some Of the pastors in
cluded Charles w. Baldwin, William
Hamilton, j. B. Van Meter, Samuel
Shannon. E. D. Owen, Thomas Harrison,
L. M. Gardner, John S. Deale, Richard
Norris, William H. Chapman.
Evening star., 1943-10-17

and members of more sophisticated con-
gregations no longer smiled at the
shouting Methodists' of Ryland Chapel"
OF church customs subsequent to 1865,
the same author says: The soldiers
were at home again when first wriggled
on the hard pews beside my mother. In
winter she wore her best black silk dress
to church, with heavy wraps. In sum-
mer she wore summer silk of white
linen lawn, with a three-cornered shawl
OF fine lace. When we entered the
Evening star., 1943-10-17

Mrs. Cora Walker Hayes, daughter of
William T. Walker and Adelaide (Har-
ris) Walker, early prominent residents
OF the sunny Southwest, and who her
self was born in that part of Washing
ton, in speaking of Ryland Church in
her recent book Our Square" copy
OF which she sent the writer, makes
some interesting statements about this
church during the period Of the Civil
War and later:
MY father" she says, wore Prince
Evening star., 1943-10-17

the time holding the mans hand and
talking with him in Berber.
The goum is reputed to be fanatical
Moslem. This may be So I have seen
an occasional backslider sneaking shot
OF cognac, OF smoking cigarette behind
wall with the guilty look as on the face
OF small boy caught doing something he
shouldn't He is getting so he likes
American c rations. especially chocolate.
This is not to be encouraged since part
OF his value as a fighter is his ability
to live off the country-to kill a sheep
and eat it raw, or nearly raw, with
relish. One often sees these men lying
about gnawing raw meat off bones. He
is reputed to be absolutely fearless of
death.
Do Not Fear Death
One doubts if this is entirely true of
anybody, even with the certainty Of
Allah's paradise. But the social or
ganization is such as to reduce this fear
to minimum. The idea is that, so far
as his family is concerned, the goum
neeon't worry about coming back. His
brother simply will inherit his wives
and children and he will never be
missed.
The goum feels pain as much as any,
body I have seen expressions of agony
on the ordinarily expressionless faces
of the wounded. He can also express
10 &c Ei ind oil
you would want to meet if you are hurt.
Actually he is rather strictly dis
ciplined. But he doesn't know order
drill or how to parade. The French
wisely never have bothered to teach him
these things. They have allowed him
to develop and maintain his own ways
Of mountain and night fighting.
~It has been said the goum lives on
loot. This is true only to very limited
extent. He is better paid than most
other French soldiers. He considers he
has a right to steal only from his enc
mics. AS for my typewriter-it was left
in charge of an Italian guard and the >
goum has been unable to grasp in few
iays the fact that the Italian is not still
the enemy. I may get the machine back
If the goum can be found and told that
it was the property of an American.
After all, he can't use it. The story has
spread rapidly among the men. All day
today they have been stopping and ex-
pressing in gestures their commiseration
and disapproval OF such unorthodox
stealing.
So just want to bear witness that un- '
der his cold steel mask the goum Is a.
pretty human fellow.
Evening star., 1943-10-17

Albert coat and silk beaver hat to
church in winter, and linen suit with
Panama hat in summer. His religion
did not express itself In frequent loud
amens and cries of Praise the Lord and
so he did not need to sit in the front
OF the church in the amen corner The
corner was less used as time went on,
Evening star., 1943-10-17

lived to the advanced age OF close to
100 years.
One could hardly write Of this section
OF Southwest Washington without say
ing something about the old Potomac
School Building which stood until about
eight years ago on the east side Of
Twelfth street between Maryland avenue
and E street.
1t was not so very old, and yet those
who attended school there when it was
still new building can no longer be
regarded as young, and If you will en-
gage them in conversation you will soon
find that they have reached the rem
iniscent age-when old people, old places
and early events are topics which prove
Of the greatest interest.
Evening star., 1943-10-17
Few Remain TODAY.

When we consider that u years have
elapsed since this roll was signed, We
also will surmise that only few Of
these teachers are with us today, many
having gone to their last reward May
be tine reader will recognize one Of more,
so here they are: j. E. Thompson, Mary
E. Martin, Geneva A. Reed, Mary A,
Lee, Sarah A. Wise, Laurie l.. Wilson,
Annie M. Adams, Matte E. Gray, Belle
c. Peyton, Anne M. Bailey Annie Van
Horn, Rachel A. Garrett, Mary A.
Bowen, Hattie Davis, Ida Pumphrey,
Bette Lynch, M. E. Scheck, Maggie
Humphrey, Maggie Garrett, Mollie M.
Bowen, Sallie H. johnson. Annie E.
Fowler, Jane P. McCauley, Bette Robin
son, Lizzie j. Riley, Ellie Dunn, Ellen
Halliday and Louisa Strobel.
Evening star., 1943-10-17

ReU. Karl G. Newell, present
pastor of the Ryland Church.
Harris & Ewing Photo.
animate could. It's windows were barred
with boards, it had a gloomy appear
ance, and it was hard to imagine the
merriment and joy of the children who
once attended here, particularly so at
Evening star., 1943-10-17

were Emma TAFT. Emma Graham,
Marian Bailey, Annie Yates, James God
nell, Della Winfield and Laura Skidmore
Miss Jennie Drury whose name is here
mentioned, later became a school teacher
and the writer recalls her when she
taught the primary class at Ninth and
streets NV. in the building still stand
ing. Later Miss Drury married and
changed her name, and may still be
living. e
Carefully scrutinizing the Potomac
School, the writer confesses he could
see no sumacs or blackberry vines grow
ing nearby, although there was a yard
attached. Business houses, principally
devoted to furnishing Washington with
its vast quantity of foodstuffs, sur
rounded it on all sides.
Among the Early Teachers.
There were four rooms in this build
ing, and during the year 1901 Mrs.
Mary A. Bowen taught there secondary
grade No. 7; Margaret E. Scheck,
primary No. 3; Sarah H. Johnson,
primary No. 7, and Elizabeth j. Riley,
primary No. IL. Before the writer is
the payroll of the fourth school district
for that year, signed by the 13 teachers
and l subassistant teacher then en-
ployed in this district. The names are
all signed in beautiful Spencerian
hand, so accurate, indeed, that they
might be mistaken for the handwriting
of one person.
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1943-03-13

The annual luncheon and pro-
gram OF Great Lakes Mutual In
surance company and the observ-
ance OF its fifteenth anniversary
featured the meeting of the Book
err T. Washington Luncheon club
Wednesday noon in the large audi
torium OF Lucy Thurman YWCA.
A large number OF Local business
and professional people, also en-
ployees OF the company and sew
eral members Of the Detroit Board
OF Education were in attendance.
Moses l.. walker. vice president
and treasurer OF Great Lakes, was
master OF ceremonies. He intro
duced Mrs. Agnes Bristol. one OF
the officials, who was speaker oil
the occasion. In her address, Mrs.
Bristol stressed the need for pre-
paredness on the part OF the race
and reciprocity OF service and pa
tronage between the business lead
ers and general consuming public.
She also complImented the BTW
Trade association upon Its achieve
ments In the community, and prais-
ed the accomplishments OF many
OF the outstanding men and women
who have helped make Negro his
tory in the various walks OF life.
In commenting upon the progress
OF Great Lakes on the occasion OF
its fifteenth birthday, the speaker
stated that this efficient insurance
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1943-03-13
Claim Bible
With Family
History Forged
West Indian Not
In us. On Birth
OF Applicant

Last Friday morning the Wayne
County Prosecutor Office vas call
ed by a Mr.. Edison clerk Of
the Probate Court and ih.orm-
ed that an applicant for a
birth ccrtihcate was IN his Office
with anidavlts that Just didn't
look right. TWO ace Investigators.
former Detective SGT. George Rose
and Investigator Andy Smith we're
sent TO the county building 10 see
what the complaint was about
At the county building they found
Charles Lawrence. SO. 9sG r.. Fer
ny. who had afIidavits and was try
ing TO get a birth certificate. The
investigators examined the inior-
nation and on further questioning
learned that Lawrence had gone
To a photo studio operated by
john A. Williams, a., J4la Hastings
s'rsr s'AgsA Z. end ssl - fur
birth ctrtiflcate. Williams told
Lawrence that he could take him
10 a man who could FIX him up
for the sum Of S. The man 10
whom he was directed was the Rev.
William Burnett. -. 4f50 John r..
known as bishop Burnett The
bishop sold Lawrence Bible on
which I.awrence's family history
was Immediately recorded and VIII
liams photographed a copy Of The
page and also sworc that h. was
present when Lawrence was horn.
down in Tennessee. July H. 1906.
The Investigators checked and
found that Williams. who came 10
The United States from the British
West Indies in 1923. was not in this
country at tho time.
The Rev. Mr.. Burnett was arr
rested and according ID Invcstiga-
tor Rose. admitted thar he forged
signatures 10 the fake birth record.
lie was hooked for investigation.
but released on recorders court
writ after $1,000 bond was post
ed.
The bishops fate IS now in the
hands OF Assistant Prosecutor
Charles W Jones who is studying
The facts IN preparation 10 issu-
ing. some kind OF warrant for
both the Rev Mr Burnett ami
John A. Williams. his partner.
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1943-03-13
National Leaders
Here For Meetings

Detroiters will divide their time
between two mass meetings Sun
day afternoon that bring to the
city Attorney Truman Gibson.
civilian aide 10 the secretary of
war: and George W. Cox. vice.
president-agency director OF the
North Carolina Mutual Life In
surance company.
On Sunday. March IA. at 3 pm.
In celebration OF its Fifteenth
anniversary. The Great Lakes Mu-
tual Insurance company will hold
mass meeting at Bethel AME
church The Honorable George W.
Cox will speak on. The Negro
Today and After the War
Special music Is to be furnished
BY the Ford Dixie Eight singers
and the Great Lakes capella
Chorus Ensemble.
Well Trimmed
Mr.. Gibson Is product OF the
elementary schools in Columbus.
Ohio. Attended University OF Chi
cago and finished It's Law School
in 1895 with the degree OF D.J.
During his period at the univer-
sity. he was research assistant
in the department .of political
science. He started law practice
in Chicago in 1885. Was a direc-
tor OF Chicago's great Seventy
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1943-03-13
LIEUT.. COL. STRONG
TO ADDRESS WOMEN'S
DEMONSTRATION

To focus attention on the large
number Of Negro women who are
available for employment in fac
tories. the NAAcP Labor com.
miitee plans a huge "Unemploy-
ment Demonstration" on Sunday.
March IS The demonstration will
be in the form ~ a parade from
The Detroit Institute OF Arts.
down John r TO Cadillac Square.
Lieut. Col George +. Strong.
head Of plant-pgoteciion service
OF the Army Air Forces. has
promised 10 address the assem-
bly,.
Prominent speakers are being
contacted 10 address the crowd
which is expected to swell the
ranks OF women who are seeking
employment Walter Hardin and
Prince Clark. co-chairmen OF the
Labor committee. announced that
the demonstration will be one OF
the largest parades ever staged
~ Detroit
Contrary TO information now
being issued. Negro women. both
trained and unframed. are avail
able for work in war plants and
anxious for employment. Discrim-
nation In employment Offices stili
operates 10 keep this large reser-
voir Of labor from being utilizad.
The NAACP plans 10 show con-
cluslvely In this demonstration
that such force does exist and
should be utilized.
"All women who want Jobs In
war plants arc urged 10 cooperate
with the demonstration. Contact
the NAACP office nj ffs r. War
rch for more Information"
AZ the Labor committee meet
Continued on pare -
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1943-03-13
Great Lakes Holds
18th Anniversary

concern began in one Office rom
with only three people on the paw
roll and gradually expanded to It's
present position through dint OF
hard work, efficient management
and honest dealing with the public
She also read the following inn
pressiye figures from the repor.
OF Great Lakes for the year ending
Dec. 81, 1912, to-wit:
Life insurance in force. more
than s14.255,6 500; over 40,7s5 policy
holders: income for the year. $685.
1892; admitted assets, s494, $3.50;
ledger assets. s4s7.655.67; salaries
paid to employees for the year.
S167,1247S: death claims paid
S49. 360.20, a decrease OF S per cent
under death claims for 1871.
Several lovely selections were
sung by the Grea. Lakes a capella
choir. Miss Dorothy Quaker, se"-
rotary to General-Manager L. G..
Blount, rendered reading. spar
ticus TO the Gladiators."
Great Lakes will climax its an
nlversary program Sunday. March
IA at $3.50 pm. at which time the
sneaker will be Hon. George w.
Cox, vice president and director
of agents Of North Carolina Mutual
Life Insurance company. Durham.
NC. The theme will be "The Ne
gro Today and After the War.
The program will be held at Bethel
AME church. Charles II. Mahoney
Is president OF Great Lakes; Louis
c. Blount. secretary and general
manager.
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1943-03-13
HE Aide
\, Hes Told
bp Unvanted
Executive Order
Fails To Effect
Production Head

| rAsHIyCTON-C. Wilson Luz
NJ former administrative assis-
M Compliance division. War
fku,ton Board was discharged
IN bis position as result OF
hearings before the Appeals
ktr committee of the War Pro-
Ettl Board. Lucom was repre-
s,M by Charles Houston. MEM
NJ The national Legal commit
4 he XAACP
n Appeal Board, after hearing
Noe 10 the case. decided that
vnld not be good administra-
MIR nor he conducive 70 ~
~ management within the
n,lhncs division to permit Luz
' return to his former posi-
Ne hearing II was revealed
lAsre had been some differ
y hiveen Lucom and W. John
", director Of Compliance d.
W. concerning The hiring OF
~ clerks. Lucom stated that
~ ordered Negro clerks 10 be
|tentlnued on page 81
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1943-03-13
New USO Director

Appointment OF Mrs Ardenah
Stephens as director OF the John
X USO club. rs successor 10 Mrs.
Jessie Darlington. who recently
resigned to Join another national
service organization, was an
nounced Tuesday b. Henry Mey-
ers. president OF the Executive
committee OF he Metropolitan De-
troit USO.
Mrs. Stephens Is active In local
civic circles. being chairman OF
the Lucy Thurman YWCA board
and a leader In arranging recrea-
tlonai diversions for Negro serv-
ice men stationed In or near De-
troit at Sault Ste Marie. She Is
also an active Red Cross and re-
ligious worker.
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1943-03-13
|''l Psychologist To Speak On
|!n'ufh Lecture Series Program

} q, :, Vincent !. psychologist On
! 4. q \ Merrill Palmer ~'rs sebo oa
kts. e. C,,Aildrsn's hospI, uS1O Of
s. VII speak on the Wi Winter cr
"a !, series :, program Sunday ~,ds,'
pm. at Plymouth nrSrl,
l' s,SGnal church. Gart,ela
b !, 'p',dual's Adjustment TIT To &c :
\ s ~ Written Boob.
I shii, 'I 10 Of the Merrill Pal
n. lar, y. Vincent has given
y ,nd ',sS ..1.l IN their Mar
\ Ala 'amlly Life institute
hsnly' ~. = lecturer at WAYNE
sori ss - school ., So ~
''ssis sud sad at the MIehIean
'"''' Of education. She
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1943-03-13

field. Gloster r Current, Louis
r. Martin, Leroy @. White, judah
Drob. and many others.
The purpose OF the picket line
was 10 focus attention on the ar
bltrary undemocratic decision OF
Herbert Emmerich. commissioner
FPHA. which denied mixed oc-
cupancy OF Willow Lodge Hous-
ing project near the Bomber
plant.
Signs seen IN the line stated;
"FPHA Discriminates Against
Negro War Workers.: Bullets
ard Bombs Are Colorblind";
Equal Distance To Bomber Plant
For Negro and White: South
Foists Jlm-Crow On Michigan;
"Blandford. Emmerich, Reeder
Negate War Aims; "Twenty-four
Mixed Projects In America
None In Michigan"
"The four freedoms were
lynched In Washington last week
when a delegation from Detroit
was unable TO get the FPHA 10
rescind It's ban against Negro
occupancy OF the Willow Lodge
Housing project" Said Dr. Me-
C,endon In the mass meeting
held AZ Bethe, AME church Sun
day, Marcl Z. Other speakers
were members OF the delegation:
The Rev. Y. NJ. Pettigrew. C.s.
Cook. the Rev. Charles A. Hill,
Leroy q. white. Attorney Rob
ert ]. Evans, and Chester ID.
Current.
McCiendon pointed out that
I'VE are fighting against segre-
Continued on page %
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1943-03-13
FLAYS POLICE
IN NUMBERS
ARRESTS

Little did Patrolman Clayton
Nowlan. 18th precinct. know when
he set out TO dig up information TO
bring justice to alleged operators
OF the Royal Blue company, a poii-
cy house. way back In May rs, 1912
that his investigation would cause
30 much fireworks.
Now,an's information led TO con-
spiracy charges against Harry
Thomas. n tavern owner. 42S +.
Kirby and IL others for alleged
violation OF the state gamoims
(Contlnsed On page %
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1943-03-13


has contributed TO the leading
periodicals in the field OF child
psychology. parent education, and
has written three books: "A Study
of Intelligence Test Elements
Growth and Development OF the
Young Child" and Mental Hy-
giene For Nurses"
The Lecture committee, Mrs. Beu-
iah Whi.by. chairman, feels that
DIR. vincent's subject r. vital, be-
cause at the basis OF the con-
Germ for groups. nations. ana
peoples in general Il Is the indivia-
uai: how he feels: the way he re-
acts 20 his fellows and this al
justment to n new world tnat
will be the measure OF the tuture'