davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1943-09-19
Pacific Front

Feinting the Japs nicely out of position
by what appeared to be a main drive
against Salamaua, the Allied forces on
New Guinea prepared trap which in
one week cost the enemy both Salamaua
and Lac, most important bases on the
island due to their threat to Australia in
Japanese hands and to Rabaul in Allied
hands.
Showing far less fight than has char
acterized japanese resistance in the past,
the garrison of Salamaua abandoned the
city Wednesday and fled for what they
thounght was safety at Lac The Allied
troops occupying the city are now sep
arated only $50 miles from New Guinea
by the Dampier Strait.
The retreating Japs were caught in a
pocket by an Allied force landed north
OF Lac, by paratroopers dropped across
the two pathways into the jungle and by
Australians who swan across the Basu
River. BY Friday night Lac was seized
and the few remaining troops out of the
10000 in the area were fleeing toward
certain destruction at the hands of the
paratroopers waiting in the jungle.
Monday the Jap radio announced a
bombing raid on Paramushiro in the
Northern Kuriles by American planes
coming down from the Aleutians. Later
the Navy confirmed the raid which did
considerable damage but which proved
costly to the American airforce. Out OF
Evening star., 1943-09-19

20 bombers on the raid, only 10 came
back. Tremendous antiaircraft fire was
encountered, indicating the Jap prepara-
ton for an attack from the North.
The Northern Solomons were under
heavy air attack throughout the week
and several-score enemy planes were de-
stroyed either on the ground or in air
battle On one occasion last Tuesday
$50 bombers, accompanied by pursuits,
carried on raids at Kahil and BUN.
AS the week closed, the Jap radio
stated that heavy sea and air battle
was raging around Kolombangara Is
land.
Preparing for the campaign to be
launched shortly from India, it was
stated that the British are shifting many
Warships, now freed of the menace of the
Italian fleet, from the Mediterranean to
help Lord Mountbatten when he opens
the drive on Burma. The fighting season
is short and plans are being prepared for
terrific offensive when it opens. As one
preliminary, British flyers destroyed so
river boats in series of air raids last
week.
Foreign Minister Soong of China re-
ported that the Japs are now attempting
to negotiate a peace with China but the
effort is not expected to bear any fruit,
especially with Generalissmio Chang
Kai-shek just chosen President of China.
President Chang in his maiden speech
IN his new office declared that the sur
render OF Italy spells defeat for the
Japanese.
Evening star., 1943-09-19
Crown Refused
BY THOMAS r. HENRY,
Star Stan Correspondent.

SICILY.-The toy kingdom Of Monte
negro which disappeared from the map
during the last war refuses to be resur-
rected despite Italian efforts to salvage
it from the graveyard of history
Somewhere in France Prince Danilo
heir to the defunct throne of this land
OF high, black mountains and scanty
shepherd population, supposedly is living
in luxurious ease with no mind to trade
Mediterranean villa for the royal
palace at Cetinje.
Prince Danilo is the same fellow who
once sued an American film company
because he thought he was caricatured
in movie presentation of THE Merry
Widow" He persistently has turned
down the pleas of his brother -in-law
the King OF Italy to help out the Axis
cause by returning to the throne Such
Is the substance of information reaching
Yugoslav circles here through under
ground channels.
After the last war the little Balkan
kingdom was Incorporated in the new
federated kingdom of Yugoslavia It's
people claimed to be purer Serbs than
the Serbs and their chief quarrel with
Belgrade was that the capital wasn't
sufficiently Serbian. Shortly after the
war the old King Nikola Petrovic-
Njegus, the father-i -in-law of Victor
Emmanuel and reputedly a very foxy
old gentleman, died. He left large
family OF sons, most of whom had mar
ried into very comfortable circumstances
in both the ruling and deposed royal
families of Europe.
The oldest, Peter, was the husband of
the Princess of Mecklenburg and was
independently wealthy. He had no de-
sire to press his claims. He is now dead,
leaving Danilo the head of the family.
What has happened to the other sons,
most OF them in Axis countries is un-
known. Old Nikolas eldest daughter is
Queen of Italy, who looks back on
Cetinje with no great regrets.
In July, 1s41, Italy proposed to set UP
Montenegro as a kingdom again but
Danilo revolted, especially after a savage
peasant uprising against the Fascists
in which many were killed. The peas
ants held the country for about week
but were forced to give in to italian air
power bombing their villages.
So, say the Yugoslavs here, the land
is now set aside as the District of Monte
negro with Fascist gauleiter in charge,
only too anxious to pass over his job to
anybody of royal blood and with appro-
pirate totalitarian sentiments who may
be shopping around for a kingdom.
But any such royal kingdom hunter
the Yugoslavs say, should be warned
that the white-kilted shepherds are
VIGOROUSLY good shots with the old
family muskets They have, given refuge
In their stone huts to hundreds of Yugo-
slav guerrillas and have staged several
rather violent foraging expeditions of
their own against Italian garrisons.
Evening star., 1943-09-19
Labor
Continued From Page C-1.)

ing. In recent magazine article Ed
ward A. ONeal, president of the Farm
Bureau Federation, called for trans,
ferring of needed functions of the Farm
Security Administration to appropriate
existing State and Federal agencies"
Large farm organizations, with one
exception, have fought FSA. The large
exception is the National Farmers
Union, whose president, James 6. Patton,
recently called on Congress to repeal
Public Law As, saying:
This self-defeating legislation ap-
propriated $26,0O0,O0O for recruiting,
placement and transportation of farm
labor-and then in effect froze all farm
labor where it was. Instead of mobilizing
all farm labor for use whenever and
wherever needed, under reasonable wages
and working conditions, 1t has broken
the United States into 5000 little coun-
tries with the county agent as little
king, subservient in most instances to
the largest farmers in the country. ..
Thus we have the scandalous spec
tacle of farm labor shortages and farm
labor surpluses at the same time. While
hundreds of thousands of farm-bred
families are underemployed at low
wages in some parts Of the Nation, food
is being lost in other parts because of
labor shortages. These shortages, aggra-
waited by an act of Congress, have forced
us to divert troops and use war prison.
ers to harvest crops"
~
those southern politicians said to be in
revolt against the New Deal. These re-
dictionary politicians, many of them in
positions of power, fear that the Souths
low-cost labor market will be disrupted.
They have had Northerners who come
South to recruit labor thrown into Jail.
They see the FSA as part of an alliance
designed to force up wages of low-paid
farm hands and share troopers.
A Government agency, like any other
institution, can take just so much pun
ishment. Baldwin was forced out as FSA
head by long and persistent congress
sional campaign that employed the now
familiar smear technique. Resigning, he
accepted post as chief economic direc-
WI III 1ie .ollque1eu area vi Italy unQer
the State Department. Marvin Jones,
War Food Administrator, is just now
looking for successor, hoping to find
one outside the organization. He has
offered the job to former Representative
William B. Umstead of North Carolina,
who, 1t Is probable, will not take It,
Printed by Special Arrangement With the St.
Louis Post-Dispatch.
Evening star., 1943-09-19

lengthen, and another four or five d.
visions of troops will join those the Nazis
may be able to withdraw from the first
ring. Here, too, start the. outcroppings
Of the Po Valley defense line. an inter-
mediate line anchored at the naval base
of Spela, which the Germans seized at
the same time they occupied Rome.
In the northern ring. Germany may
be expected OF make the all-or nothing
defense. London sources say nine Ger
man divisions are entrenched in the re-
gion, which rests behind a natural bar
rier of mountains. The terrain around
the valley itself is broad and rolling, well
adapted for tank maneuvers.
AS the defense arc contracts, how
ever, it becomes more vulnerable to air
attack. Shuttle bombing, with Allied
planes flying from British bases to AL
ied-held Italian bases, may usher in an
unprecedented program of punishment
from the air.
Evening star., 1943-09-19
Italian Front

As early as Monday of last week, the
position Of the American 5th Army below
Naples became precarious with Nazis in
superior number and in well fortified po-
sitions in the uplands raining heavy fire
down on the American and British troops
composing the 5th. Apparently aban-
dontng Southern Italy to the British 9th
Army, the Nazis threw all they had avail
able against the 5th and for a time
not only stopped the Allied advance, but
forced dangerous withdrawal at one
time which threatened to split the
bridgehead into two parts.
For 4S hours the battle seesawed with
the issue in doubt, but finally at the
crucial moment on Wednesday, the en-
tire available Allied air power was
thrown into action and more than 1000
sorties (attacks by single planes were
carried on against the Germans Every
thing from pursuit ships up to Flying
Fortresses took part In the attack and
German positions and the roads up
which supplies and reinforcements were
passing were blasted repeatedly and with
decisive effect
In the meantime, reinforcements under
cover OF a strong naval force poured
ashore. Lifting the elevation of their
giant 16-inch guns, battleships in the
invasion convoy poured a devastating
barrage down on the rear areas of the
German positions and smaller -calibered
guns pounded at the defenses closer to
shore.
Gen. Montgomery, rushing his troops
forward, moved to the aid of the 5th
and finally on Friday advance units met
the southern section Of the 5th and other
8th Army units, coming across from the
Bari area, which had fallen to the British
earlier in the week, also made contact.
The amazing 200-mile forced march of
the British ended the critical phase of
the Salerno battle and the Nazi ring
around the beachhead was broken. Not
pausing for rest. Gen. Clark ordered q
fresh attack and the merged forces
Aaoved inland 10 miles and fattened .
Evening star., 1943-09-19

The day Marshal Pietro Badoglio's
emissary initiated the Allies terms for
unconditional surrender, the battle of
Italy began, battle that promises to
develop into bitter struggle despite the
Allies advantageous position.
With characteristic knack for the
Improvisation of strong defenses, the
Germans have moved into strategic po-
sitions on the peninsula, just as they
sped into key points in Africa and the
French Mediterranean coast when the
Allies opened their invasion Of North
Africa last November.
German strategy appears based on
three interlocking defense rings of grad
ed strength, stretching from the present
battle line in the Naples area, to the
heavily fortified Pc Valley in the ex-
treme north-the barrier fronting the
Brenner pass, through which Allied
troops ultimately may pour in their drive
into Germany itself.
Evening star., 1943-09-19
By Bernard God,Uin

This is the nth OF a series OF
sketches and commentaries about
leading figures in our armed forces
by the eminent artist, Bernard
GodaDin, 10hich 1UiH appear on sue
ceSsiDe Sundays in The Sunday
Star.
The Commander in Chief of the
United States Navy, while on duty, is
stern, commanding and flrm-away
from his desk and the press of business,
he is talkative, smiling and almost boy
ish
You ponder while being formally pre-
sented by his aide, what does this man
possess to occupy the highest position in
the Navy. After time the answer be-
comes clear; f1exibility of mind and
caracter the ability to comprehend new
problems en- masse and in great detail,
a tireless and driving spirit for work.
He is tall and wiry, physical charac-
teristic which enables him to move about
quickly and without friction. Even as
he rises to greet visitor a feeling of
muscular rhythm enhances the polite
ness of his acknowledgement.
The first hint OF his dynamic person.
ality was clear as he sat in the posing
chair I'll follow ORDER his large clear
eyes smiled as did his full mouth and
the deeply etched lines of his face made
a new pattern.
He has definite sense of humor
I'm not the picture type, just little
too bald" he said. We can easily cam
outage that, admiral, if you wear cap.
That would hide Navy tradition the
hair creeps out as the responsibility
creeps in. We settled on no cap and
no hair.
Admiral King speaks quietly and with
out hesitation. I strain my ears lest
some conversation be lost as he relates
Evening star., 1943-09-19

how land legs were not conducive to a
naval mind and body. No matter how
rough the sea, no matter how thick the
weather, one knows that God is always
about, to guide your destiny and well
fare; the job to be done is all that mat
ters. With what other creed could
man SO skillfully perform the difficult
task OF salvaging the submarine S-4
sunk in the icy waters off Province
town in December, 1927.
This unassuming and modest man,
who holds the highest rank in the Navy,
is better understood by examining his
record. From 1901, when he was grad
uated fourth in his class at the Naval
Academy, to his present position by
executive order in 1912, Admiral King
has participated in almost every branch
Of the naval service. Aide, teacher on
board ship, submarine, in the air or
hazardous salvage duty, his attitude to-
ward his profession has always been
recognized as tireless, distinguished and
highly meritorious
And yet when congratulated on being
the hrSt commander In chief OF the Navy,
he replied, I'm not interested in titles,
I am concerned in helping to win this
war quickly" So spoke Admiral King,
the holder of five medals and innumer-
able citations. And help win the war
you may be sure he will.
Beyond his many natural traits that
make for successful naval officer, he
is possessed of great nobility of character
and devotion to our President. He
beamed as he related his great concern
for Mr.. Roosevelt on the grueling trip
to Casablanca and home, only to find
the President bearing up In higher
spirits and with less physical strain than
all the others.
nsieased By Bell Syndicate, Ine.)
Evening star., 1943-09-19
Cling Hope

In an article called Terrorism and
Hope" the Belgian weekly newspaper
La Belgique Independante, published in
London, writes:
"Belgians are still managing to escape
from the occupied territory, and nothing
could be more tragic, and at the same
time more cheering, than their first
hand accounts of what is going on there.
THE tragic side of their stories is that
they confirm only too clearly the report
that we have previously received, telling
us OF the sufferings Of oppressed Bel
gium. The first great victories of the
Allies in Russia and Africa were fol-
lowed by sharpening of the German
reign OF terror. Half million Belgians
; have been deported to Germany. Every
month the Nazis arrest three or four
thousand patriots and take two or three
hundred hostages, about 100 of whom are
shot.
I'm that country of 100000 inhabi-
tants there are few families that have
not lost father or a son. deported or
imprisoned. Thousands of students,
WIZ dllu llluulc-CldSS people are
hiding out, preferring to face the cruel
est privations rather than work for Ger
many. The patriots-that is to say, 95
out Of every 100 Belgians-live in perpet-
ual fear of arbitrary arrest on the de-
nunciation of some traitor.
"Yet famine claims, perhaps, even
more victims than the Gestapo. Many
Belgians have nothing to live on but
their daily ration of half pound of
bread and pound of potatoes-when
the distribution Of potatoes is not sus-
pended. The theoretical ration of just
over an ounce of meat day-bone in
cluded-was too generously calculated; it
Is rarely to be had. AS Tor the black
market, not every one has the means to
patronize 1t, with the two-pound loaf at
Sl90 and pound of coffee costing sl7.4O.
In the towns and industrial centers a
large part of the population is dying Of
starvation The children have no
strength left to laugh or play"
Evening star., 1943-09-19

number of German salients pointed into
the Allied lines.
Additional units of the Italian fleet
have surrendered to the British and the
latest recapitulation indicates that S
battleships a seaplane carrier, 6 cruisers,
n destroyers and 10 submarines have
been brought into British bases.
Yesterday it was announced that two
Islands. Ischia and Procida off the Bay
of Naples had been seized by an Allied
naval force. Many rumors are current
concerning the whereabouts of former
Premier Mussolini. The German radio
yesterday broadcast speech purported
to be by Mussolini, in which he described
his rescue on September II from Grand
Sasso, 10 miles northeast of Rome, by
German parachutists Two pictures
were released, also. revealing Mussolini
with hat pulled down over his eyes and
coat collar turned up. Whether speech
and pictures are authentic must be de-
cided later
Evening star., 1943-09-19

Strength Of the Naples Rome circle
Is matter of speculation, but some mill
tary men believe it is not great, and that
the Nazis will fight a slow delaying ac-
ton, depending upon the strength of
four or five divisions of troops. Naples
itself has been hit severely by Allied
bombers, probably to the extent that
major military installations and COM
munications have been broken down.
To this may be added the ability of
Allied bombers from North Africa and
Sicily-and now, from Italian bases
to bring the ring under attack. To the
west, the town of Foggia, which once
held open Axis communications to the
heel of the boot, has been hammered
savagely by bombers for several weeks.
In the middle ring, Germany may be
able to make a better stand. Here, the
defense concentrates, Axis supply lines
begin to shorten while Allied lines
Evening star., 1943-09-19
Peace
Continued From Page CID

happen If an American-Brit alliance
becomes an accomplished fact.
The United States unquestionaby Is
the strongest military power in the
world, In the past our slight influence
in international affairs has been attrib-
uted to too much theology and pacifism"
and also to the fact that we have al
ways disarmed at the end of a war.
Should the American people who al
ready have paid heavy price for their
hatred of militarism-as military pre-
paredness previously has been erroneous
ly called-decide to maintain a strong
army pledged to no nation in particular
there is no doubt that we can hope to
see peace in the world for number of
years.
But the picture can be changed en-
tirely if before hand we sign up to sup
port one particular nation or a special
group Of nations.
Evening star., 1943-09-19
European Front

A lull in the heavy raiding of Ger
many and the occupied countries of
Western Europe was broken Wednesday
night when perhaps the greatest Allied
night assault of the war occurred. Spread
out over wide area, the bombers at
tackled targets all the way from Berlin
to Mountlucon near Vichy in France.
AirfieldS and aircraft plants in France,
as well as the rubber plant at Mountlu-
con were the principal targets although
Berlin was hit as a warning of new dev-
astation to come Mosquito bombers
were employed against the German capt.
tai
Thursday. Flying Fortresses followed
up the night assault with heavy raid
on the naval base at Nantes in France.
Thursday night, stabbing deeper in
land and with an eye to future aid to
the Allied forces in Italy, RAF bombers
smashed at railroad facilities at Modane
on the Italian-French border over which
German supplies and reinforcements
might seek to pour into Italy. Mosquito
bombers hit Berlin at about the same
time.
The Antheor viaduct along the French
Riviera route into Italy was bombed and
only single, and minor, route through
the Alps is left untouched by the Allies.
That remaining route, along the Medi-
teranean coast, is said to have been
sabotaged.
Ihe lone Nazl aggressive action of
recent weeks. the capture of the Nor
wegian Island of Spitzbergen proved
Of no help to the Nazis as the British
last week retook the island. e.,
Not a single sinking ,rby a German
U-boat was reported during the past
week and marine underwriters cut in
surance rates another percent to the
lowest point since 194O
Evening star., 1943-09-19
Russian Front

The capture of Bryansk by the for
Ward-rolling Red Armies became a fore
gone conclusion last Monday when the
key base through which pass six rail
lines came within range of the Russian
artillery.
The railroad running between Bryansk
and Vyazma which lies between Smo-
lensk and Moscow was cut Monday leav-
Ing only two escape lines still in Ger
man hands. After a day of heavy fight
ing, the Russians moved into Bryansk
during the night or early morning on
Tuesday.
The fall of the city wiped out Nazi
bulge into Russian lines and at the same
time set the stage for break throughs by
the Reds all the way from the Smolensk
area to the Southern Ukraine.
Pushing forward all along the line
Wednesday, the Reds captured Nezhin,
key point between Kursk and Kiev and
in the south Lozovaya, southwest of
kharkov, was reached and considerable
progress was made in the Mariupol area
on the shores of the Sea of Azov.
thursday came the announcement of
the 1aH OF Novorossisk, bringing almost
to an end the ambitious German effort
to seize Russia's Caucasian oil fields.
Three armies moving rapidly forward
on Friday had captured Novgorod Sever
ski, only 90 miles from White Russia, and
moved forward from Lozovaya and from
Bryansk toward the Dnieper River where
the Germans are expected to attempt
stand
The activities of the week have cost
the Germans thousands in dead and cap-
tured and have returned to the Russians
several hundred small towns and villages.
The first rains of autumn have fallen
IN the Ukraine and the approach of un-
favorable weather may have a delaying
effect on the Russian drive.
Evening star., 1943-09-19
Americas o3d Week of War
H1th Week of World War n
By Horard p. Bailey,

Inc Allied last
CRITICAL
tremendously dramatic the
length of the
The erceness OF the German
Mark Clarks
fighting and heavy casualties the
Evening star., 1943-09-19
Week Victories Pove Way for New

ne Noxis won The race 10 rvnis soriy
in the African eompsisn. svbss-
qvsnsly setting UP a defense in depth
that held of the Allies for many weeks.
Now they have seized Reg,s ond esn-
froi ItoIy. prebably TO employ the soms
soeties in the defense Of the boot. The
accompanying mop shows how the Al.
lies, sfarsins at Naples. may have 70
break through three distinct. but we'll
intssrotsd barriers. in their drive 10 shs
Csrmon Border.