davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The union times. (New Haven, Conn.) 1941-1948, 1943-12-25
Soldiers Abroad
See Latest Films
Without Charge
Army And Navy Have Over
5000 Projectors To En-
terrain Servicemen

HOLLYWOOD-The War Dept
made worldwide checkup one re.
cent Friday night to find out how
many American soldiers on foreign
service were attending movie shows.
The checkup showed that 1863
movie shows were running that
night, and it was estimated that
every night 100000 of our men
overseas are looking at a movie
made in Hollywood.
Smallest audience reported on that
particular Friday consisted of II men
on one of the bleak little Aleutians
to whom seven reels of civilization
had been delivered by a 60-mile boat
run.
Altogether the army has placed
$500 projection machines with our
foreign troops. All these shows are
free, by courtesy of the motion pic
ture industry. The newest features
are reduced to l6mm size. The in
dustry donates 100 prints of them
every week. They go right out.
Besides the $500 projectors in for
eign service, the navy has 1000 pro-
jectors in use, and army camps at
home have 1000 more These last
are standard theater projectors, use
standard film obtained through the
regular distribution sources, and pay
their way.
The boys pay 15c to attend the
movie shows in the LOAF camp thea
tiers operating seven nights week.
The movie industry is collecting some
100000 this year in rentals from
the camp movie theaters.
The movie industry gets nearly
&c as rental and the other lie stays
in camp-the soldier projectionist
is paid part of it and the rest goes
into the camp recreation fund.
There is no admission tax deduc-
ton.
So the movie industry collects about
the same rental it gets from a COM
mercial theater charging Csc admis-
sion. Out of your two bits Sc is tax,
&c goes to the industry for rental (but
for two features) and 14c is kept by
the theater
These DC contributions are amount
ing to 100000 this year-of which
$6,450,0O0 goes back to Hollywood
to make more pictures.
The camp officer attached to the
Army Motion Picture Service books
his programs from local exchanges
much like any theater manager. Pos
sibly with wider latitude in selecting
pictures-so long as he selects from
the major releases. Boys say they
never see films made by the little in
dependent producers.
The union times. (New Haven, Conn.) 1941-1948, 1943-12-25
Building Trades
Jobs Drop Sharply

WASHINGTON, d. C.-The
current decline in cOnstruc-
ton will release about half a
million men for other employ
ment by the end of 1913, the
War Manpower Commission
predicted this week.
Since the wartime peak Of
100000 men in the fall of 1912,
construction employment has
fallen steadily until it reached
about 100000 in the same
period of this year. Labor market
information indicates that the de-
cline will continue to about 60O,-
900 or 100000 in January, 1914 4,
and to 100000 or 100000 in
July, 1914.
Between July and November of
this year more than half of 267,-
900 construction workers released
were in areas of acute labor short
ages, thereby facilitating their rapid
transcription into industry. In addi-
ton, approximately 10000 work
ers we're released in areas antici-
pating a labor shortage, where the
demand for male labor was strong.
In areas where the labor supply is
adequate the War Manpower Com
mission is recruiting displaced con-
struction workers for transfer. I'm
skilled construction workers are read
lily absorbed in large number of war
industries where the need for their
labor is urgent.
Skilled and semi-skilIed workers,
the Commission states, can best be
utilized i'm shipbuilding. Recent &C.
cupatiOnal studies show that 40 of
the 80 construction occupations are
to be found in shipbuilding and
that the rest are closely related.
The union times. (New Haven, Conn.) 1941-1948, 1943-12-25
Coop Wins Battle
For Utility Plant

JEFFERSON CITY, Mo. : Final
court approval of the purchase of the
properties of the Missouri Electric
Power Co., by the Show-Me power.
cooperative has been given by the
The union times. (New Haven, Conn.) 1941-1948, 1943-12-25
Insurance Lobby

Another grand inquiry making the Sen.
Judiciary Committee which more about the
$75COOO raised
aion exempting them from the antitrust laws
The hre insurance lobby believed to be the biggest thing
non the Hopson utility crowd
defeat the Holding Company Act Congressman Sam
Russell (Dem lobby
rs the largest l have witnessed"
Up its fOht
hands The
fashion when Senator Joseph Oahoney (Dem Woo sue
ceeded in having back
Department of Justice officials known following inquiry
The union times. (New Haven, Conn.) 1941-1948, 1943-12-25
OPA LauU On Triple
Damages Upheld

WASHINCTON-A consumer
has ''the unqualified right" to
collect $50 or three times the
amount of the overcharge when
he has purchased an article for
more than the legal OPA cell
ing price, the U. S. Court of APP
peals held this week.
The wording of the act is
plain, said Justice Henry W. Ed
gertOn i'm the decision, which re-
versed a municipal court of ap-
peaIs decision upholding
lower court in awarding only
SIS to a purchaser who was over
charged &c a can on soup. OPA
officials called the decision ''an
important sanction for the en-
forcement of price ceilings
The union times. (New Haven, Conn.) 1941-1948, 1943-12-25
N. J. Trolleymen
Win Sc Increase

TRENTON, N. 1.-THE Amalga-
mated Assn of Street Electric Rail-
way & Motor Coach Employees has
won an increase of Sc an hour for
5000 workers of the Public Service
Coordinated Transport & Public Serv-
ice Interstate Transportation Co.
serving 38l New Jersey towns. The
award, granted by the National War
Labor Board, provided also for a
checkof of union dues and for arbi-
tration of grievances, but denied a
union shop.
The union times. (New Haven, Conn.) 1941-1948, 1943-12-25

If we get down to brass tacks,
we will see that it takes cold cash
to win the hot battles of modern
war. Buy more War Bonds.
The union times. (New Haven, Conn.) 1941-1948, 1943-12-25
100 New Cooperatives
Opened In Two Years

NEW YORK-In spite of hard
ships involved in shortage of man
power and supplies, nearly hundred
new consumer cooperative food stores
have been opened since Pearl Harbor
The Cooperative League of the USA
revealed following a survey of its re-
glonal cooperatives this week.
By actual count, ninety-one new CO.
op food stores have been opened from
New York to California since the
U.S.'s entry into the war. Since com
plete reports are not available for all
regions, the number of new stores
may be over 100.
The union times. (New Haven, Conn.) 1941-1948, 1943-12-25
Security Laws Are
Backbone OF Plan

Reduction of the wOrk-week
to normal after the war, with
out any cut i'm wartime weekly
earnings, was proposed this
week by the American Fedora
ton of Labor as a safeguard
against another depression
and wholesale unemployment.
This proposal highlighted a
program prepared by the A. F. of
L. Post War Planning Commit
tee and submitted by its chair
man, Matthew Woll, to a Senate
committee on postwar economic
policy headed by Senator Walter
F. George (Dem., Ga.). Presi-
dent George M. Harrison of the
Railway Clerks and President
Harvey w. Brown of the Ma
chinists are among the labor
chiefs who participated in draft
ing the plan.
Maintain Present Income
The Federation chieftains in
sisted that the nations postwar
economy should be geared to an
output of at least ITO billion dol
lars a year, approximately equal
to the present rate of war and civil
ian production combined. This can
only be accomplished, they con-
tended, by paying the workers
wages high enough to buy back
what they are able to produce.
ssThere should be a transition to
the normal wOrk-week without re-
duction in weekly earnings" the
A. F. of L. committee declared.
ssThis will enable us to regain So
cial progress lost by freezing col
Iective bargaining during the war
and will help provide the buying
power necessary to sustain produc-
ton at the present national income
levels"
Urges Policy Board
To achieve that goal, the commit
tee called for creation of an overall
policy board, in which labor, man
agement, agriculture and consumers,
as we'll as Federal agencies, would
be represented. The board would lay
down the conditions for reconversion
from war to peace. Administrative
details, the committee said, could be
handled by the War Production Board,
subject to labor having a voice in
policy making.
Plans should be developed now,
the committee added, for orderly
distribution of the huge stocks of
surplus war materials that will be
on hand when the last shot is fired,
so as to avoid either glut or
shortage of goods.
Disposal of War Plants
The committee also called for dis
posal of the billions of dollars of
government-owned plants in such
manner as to avert strengthening the
hands of American monopolieS.
Finally, the committee main
tanned that keystone of the post
war program should be enactment
of the Wagner-Murray ''cradle to
the grave'' social security bill, SO
that the millions of workers who
will have to shift to new jobs, as
well as the demobilized soldiers,
will be adequately protected against
unemployment, sickness, injuries
and other hazards.
The union times. (New Haven, Conn.) 1941-1948, 1943-12-25

No matter who the politician be
or how high the office he holds, he
is handling Labor a raw deal when
he treats its spokesman as messen-
ger or Office boys.
The union times. (New Haven, Conn.) 1941-1948, 1943-12-25
Entertainment of the fright people, is important!

few weeks readers will recall
that arplane manufacturers had raised Jackpot
amendment to the 1910 bill
IN taxation This of such revelations
The union times. (New Haven, Conn.) 1941-1948, 1943-12-25
Full Employment
Is Possible In Peace

New York-An Australia free from
social and economic abuses is the
goal outlined for the Commonwealth
Government by the Shipping and
Supply Minister John A. Beasley, the
Australian News Bureau here states.
IF unemployment and want could be
banished in wartime, the country
could be free of them in peace time
Also" he said.
The union times. (New Haven, Conn.) 1941-1948, 1943-12-25
gaized Labor Presents Congress With Program
MISSOURI supreme court.

Missouri supreme court.
The court denied an injunction by
M. ]. Huffman, Wright county prose-
cutor, against the sale, which has
been bitterly fought by IA private
utility companies. The cooperative,
with headquarters in Columbia, will
acquire a power system in 19 of the
states counties.
The union times. (New Haven, Conn.) 1941-1948, 1943-12-25

One law firm could be named
but would death living practcg before the
Nevertheless they able
their lobbying connections.
The telephone directory lists three solid of
about 30 of themand lobbying propaganda
Almost industry
institute looking after that rarely synonymous
the welfare of the public.
The union times. (New Haven, Conn.) 1941-1948, 1943-12-25
Lobbyists Have Again Caused
Capital To Break Out In Rash
"Slush" Funds Of Airplane Makers And Insurance
Companies Focus Spotlight On Wash
ington's Leading Industry
By CHARLES M. KELLEY in Labor

WASHINGTON has broken out with rash lobbying the
apo LABOR
been writing about lobbyists and during all that period has the evil
bigger by
In population Washington has than
the world Many elaborate Offices law
seldom That
fixing things for wealthy clients before with Congress
They books
enial. And lavish "entertainmento S
The union times. (New Haven, Conn.) 1941-1948, 1943-12-25

The integrity of loyal workman
ship is behind the Union Label.
The union times. (New Haven, Conn.) 1941-1948, 1943-12-25

During the first quarter of l943,
Lend-Lease shipments accounted
for u pound of butter out of every
100 pounds produced in the United
States, and Is eggs out of every
100 eggs laid.
Evening star., 1943-03-25
Save On Draperies,
Curtains. Slip Covers
DISTRICT 44OO

$50 PRS. EXTRA WIDE WASHABLE
RAYON CURTAINS. tailored sheers,
made with double side hens, Ready
to hang. 88" wide, SO" long. Eggshell
Reg. 1.99 ------ --- -----1.48
81 LUNCHEON CLOTHS. India
prints, 45"x45' '--------- - 39c ca.
81 BEDSPREADS, DRAPERIES
VANITY SKIRTS, seersuckers,
piqueS, sateens. Full and single
sizes in spreads. Curtains and dra-
peries 212 yds long Colors: Rose,
blue, green, tan and eggshell in
group. Reg. sos and sos. 3.44 ca. unit
IS SLIP COVERS FOR LIVING ROOM
CHAIRS, knit to fit. ready to slip
over, tuck and tie. Styles for wing,
club, Cogswell and English lounge
chairs. Wine, blue and green. Reg.
80 BOUDOIR CHAIR COVERS, glazed
chintz. All box pleated and corded.
Rose, dust, blue. green. Reg. 1.99, 1.29
IS EXTRA WIDE RUFFLED CUR
TAINS, pin or cushion dot, Ivory.
172" wide, 2l2 yds. long. Reg. 3.98,
2.59
Evening star., 1943-03-25
PAINT REDUCED

ONE COAT ENAMEL, quick drying,
gives high gloss finish for walls and
woodwork Reg 3.25 1.99 gal.
RED ROOF PAINT. Hard. durable
finish for all roofs and garages. Reg.
1.69 --------------..--- 1.29 gal
MASTER MADE PURE LEAD AND
OIL HOUSE PAINT. First-grade
paint that gives years of service
Reg. $50 0---------2 2.79 gal.
AMERICAN FLOOR AND DECK
PAINT for concrete or wood. Reg.
169 One-half gallon 1.09
PANTS :. . fifth FLOOR
Evening star., 1943-03-25
STATIONERY
REDUCED
DINNERWARE
GREATLY REDUCED

65-PC. CHINA DINNER SETS.
We're 1850 -.-- ------- -2250
2 53-PC. DINNER SETS. Reg. 998,
4.98
2 53-PC. YORKTOWN DINNER
SETS. Were 798 - 4.98
l 62-PC. GOLD BAND SETS. Reg.
1898 --------- ---- 1893
3 32-PC. FRUIT PATTERN LUNCH
EON SETS. Reg. 698 1893
10 20-PC. BREAKFAST SETS. Reg.
29o ---.--. .-------- 1913
IL 20-PC. GLASS SETS. Were 2.98,
1.49
CHINA .. FIFTH FLOOR
Evening star., 1943-03-25
HOUSEWARE ODDS
AND ENDS SALE

2-BOWL DOG FEEDING TRAYS.
Reg. soc c--------------- 35c
2 ENAMEL-FINISH STEP STOOLS.
Were $50. AS are 2.75
SANITARY PLASTIC SALAD
SETS, with fork and spoon Were
100. AS SOC
13 EXTRA LARGE CHAMOIS SKINS.
Were 1913. AS are e------------ l .25
% DECORATED SHOWER CURTAIN
AND WINDOW DRAPE ENSEMBLES.
Were 6.98 AS are --------.----- 3.49
1S HEAT REFLECTORS FOR BACK
OF RADIATORS. Were 100 Csc
20 HARDWOOD SERVING TRAYS,
assorted sizes. We're 89c to 1893. AS
SOC to $50
HOME FURNISHINGS FIFTH FLOOR
Evening star., 1943-03-25
EVENING BAGS.
HANDBAGS REDUCED

IL EVENING BAGS, crepe, brocade
fAS dIt l.uU
13 EVENING BAGS, black, pink, blue
or white. Were 90 AS are - SOC
2 CORDETTE BAGS, wine color.
Were 500 -----.-- - 800
1S FABRIC AND SIMULATED
LEATHER BAGS. Assorted colors
Evening star., 1943-03-25
Out Go Odds a. Kind
Friday 6 NIai {. ID. Orders
WINTER COAT
BARGAINS
G STREET AT ELEVENTH

] RED REFER, size 10. Was 1895,
11.50
2 BLACK COATS, sizes 40 and AZ.
Orig. 1895 24.O0
] BLACK BOX COAT, with sable
dyed squirrel collar and cuffs. Size
10. Was 4800 No tax $500
9 WOMEN'S AND LITTLE WOMEN'S
COATS. trimmed with dyed squirrel,
sable-dyed ringtail, cross Persian
lamb. Sizes 35l2 to AZ. Orig. 48OO,
$500
l BLACK COAT WITH SILVER FOX
COLLAR. Size 40 Orig. 1895,
48.00 plus tax
COATS THIRD FLOOR
Evening star., 1943-03-25
SAVE GREATLY ON
LUGGAGE

2 GRAY CANVAS WEEKEND
CASES. Reg. 898 As are 4.95
LEATHER DRESSING CASE, with
brushes. Reg 500 ---- $50
l RUSSET LEATHER FITTED
DRESSING CASE. Reg. 1900 AS is,
80
2 WEEK END CASES, simulated
leather. Reg. 395 1875
l OVER NIGHT CASE, alligator
grain. AS iS------------ -2.95
Evening star., 1943-03-25

100 PIECES ATTRACTIVE NECK
WEAR, piques, laces, organdies. High
or low necklines. Reg. soc - 10c
30 TRIANGLE HEAD SCARFS.
Fringed. bright colors, Reg. 100, 19c
Is SHEER HEAD SQUARES, in dark
shades Reg 100 .---------- SOC
35 LONG-SCARFS. part wool, part
cotton. Vari-colored, Reg. 100 39c
Is BLOUSES. rayon crepes and ier-
seys. PastelS, slightly soiled, broken
sizes. Reg 2.95 169
NECKWEAR =. STREET FLOOR
Evening star., 1943-03-25
TABLE SCARFS
AND DOILIES
IL TO IN OFF

1870 ODD DOILIES, square and
oblong. Were 19c ---s---- 10c
I2O VANITY SETS, SCARFS,
DOILIES. We're 39c - &c
225 DOILIES, NAPKINS AND
SCARFS. Were 25c and 29c. lie
118 SCARFS, DOILIES, VANI-
TIES. Reg. 49c and soc SIC
115 LUNCH CLOTHS, SCARFS,
RKISH TOWELS, 3-PC.
VANITY SETS. Were 69c to
Toe 44c ca.
LINENS SECOND FLOOR
Evening star., 1943-03-25
SALE OF SPRING AND
FALL COATS

STROOCK WOOL COATS, in beige
and brown, Sizes 3512, 37l2, 41I2.
Orig. 1895 --.-- 1880
WOOL FLEECE CHESTERFIELDS.
with velvet collar. Sizes 10 to 16.
Nude, brown and green. Orig. $500.
$500
COATS THIRD FLOOR
Evening star., 1943-03-25
SPORTSWEAR
SPECIALS

20 2-PC. GABARDINE SUITS. tan
and powder blue in sizes 10, II, IA
and 16 Reg. 1900 1000
2 CORDUROY JACKETS. Reg 1895,
100
l CORDUROY SLACK. Reg. 1885,
200
CORDUROY SKIRTS. Reg. 495,
ZOO
l CORDUROY JERkIN. Grey, size
Is. Reg. 200
10 SKIRTS, navy and black, and
II. Reg. LOO
Evening star., 1943-03-25
DRESS REDUCTIONS

is DRESSES. black and colors. Street
and evening styles. Misses and
Women's sizes. Reg. 7.95, 895 and
9'95 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 400
DRESSES, black and colors. Reg
5.95 800
Evening star., 1943-03-25
WONIEN'S SPORT
HOSE REDUCED

COTTON SPORT HOSE, fancy weave.
Sizes to II. Sunny tan or freckles.
Limited quantity. Reg. 100 values,
Csc
HOSIERY STREET FLOOR
Evening star., 1943-03-25
FLOWER TRIMMINGS
HALF PRICE

FLOWERS FOR MILLINERY, broken
assortment of artificial roses. gar
denias, pond lilies, apple blossoms,
etc, In many colors. soc value Csc
TRIMMINGS J.. STREET FLOOR
Evening star., 1943-03-25
JUNIOR DRESS SALE

20 CREPE AND SPUN RAYON
DRESSES, one and two piece styles.
Orig. sos ----------. 2.99
Is RAYON CREPE DRESSES, pastels
and dark colors Orig. 895 - 5.99
JUNIOR DRESSES -. THIRD FLOOR
Evening star., 1943-03-25
LINGERIE SALE

IL COAT AND GOWN SETS. broken
sizes. Reg. 3.95 2.63
16 LASTEX PANTTE GIRDLES, small
sizes only. Reg. 800 -------1 LOO
30 RAYON SATIN SLIPS, broken
sizes Reg. 1875 and 1.69 1.59
20 BRUSHED RAYON BED JACK
ETS, small size only Reg. 15O CSC
Evening star., 1943-03-25
SAVE ON COSMETICS

so ST. DENIS PREPARATIONS, bath
salt, bath oil, cologne. Reg. soc, 2lc
100 FIORET PERFUME. Jasmine,
gardenia, and Chose Promise. Reg.
soc ------------ 29c.
130 HOUSE OF GORDON SOAP. Reg.
100, as is ---.--------- 19c box
46 MARVEL BUSTING POWDER.
: PINAUD CREME. Reg, 100 - 69c
10 BATH MITS, filled with bath pow
der. Reg. 39c--------------- Csc
TOILET GOODS STREET FLOOR
Evening star., 1943-03-25
SAVE ON ART AND
NEEDLEWORk

48 STAMPED LINEN BRIDGE SETS,
36-in. cloth and napkins. Reg. 100,
79c
20 KNITTING BAGS OF RAYON
AND COTTON, wooden handles and
straps of material. Reg. l69 1.39
500 IMPORTED FRENCH ANGORA
HAIR, 500 WOOL, white only. Reg.
59c 29C
HAND MADE HOOKED RUG. Reg.
75.OO $500
l KNITTED AFGHAN, rust color. Reg.
l BEDSPREAD, applique on un-
bleached muslin. Bound with blue
piping. Reg. 7.5O -------- 498
20 CRYSTAL VANITY LAMP BASES,
slightly imperfect. Reg. 1913 to ESQ,
CSC to 1.25
UNFRAMED WATER COLORS. Size
16x20 with mat ready for framing.
All originals, florals landscapes, an
imals, ships, etc Reg. 2.98 - SOC
PICTURES, floral and figures, with
ivory, mahogany and gold finish
frames. Slightly damaged. Reg, LIS
to 5.98 SOC to 2.98
LAMPS AND PICTURES FIFTH FLOOR
Evening star., 1943-03-25
NOVELTY .JEWELRY
SALE

8 ENAMEL COMPACTS. Reg. 395,
$3.50
4 RHINESTONE LAPEL PINS. Reg.
595 450
4 SIMULATED PEARL NECKLACES.
Reg. SOS 4.89
2 LAPEL PINS. Reg. sos ---- 500
II 60-INCH SIMULATED PEARL
NECKLACES. Reg. 500 ---- 3.95
COSTUME RINGS. Reg. 395- $50
Evening star., 1943-03-25
|HE RA!A!S ROYALS FRIDAY BARGAINS
SAVINGS FOR MEN

rs ALL WOOL T0PC0ATS " PRICE
Reg. s5.ool7.'o
Shorts 1885, l42 Longs, 236, la Longs ABS
| 80. lao. ~
| CLOTHING STREET FLOOR
Evening star., 1943-03-25
NECkWEAR SPECIALS

TSWEAR THIRD FLOOR
Evening star., 1943-11-03
Allies Beaten to the Punch
By Nozi Skyrocket Torpedoes

zeppelins, although occasionally
they did set fabric-covered Wooder
plane on fire. Ordinarily we strapped
them to the struts or landing geal
OF the airplane and fired by electric
ignition at close range.
Today rockets are vastly more eff
cient, through the use of liquid or
highly compressed hydrogen and
oxygen, or other chemicals contain
ing large amounts of these elements
The gases generated escape through
specially designed Jets" to produce
greater reactive or Iecoll impulse,
giving larger overall power and eff
cheney. A high explosive charge in
the nose of the rocket goes off on
striking the target. But the tactical
idea involved is the same today as
in the World War.
Mortar Demonstrated Here.
After that war all nations to some
extent kept on with rocket work,
Here, for instance, the writer was
associated with the development of
a rocket mortar, some "a inches in
diameter and weighing 500 pounds.
In 1919 we staged a demonstrate ton
of this Weapon-the first "tailless''
rocket ever produced - on the
grounds of the War College in Wash
ineton. But a pacifist mood was
sweeping the country and this in
ventlon. along with many others,
died a-borning.
Individual experimenting, however,
continued. 1t will be recalled l,y
Evening star., 1943-11-03

people with good memories that
Prof. Goddard obtained some amaz-
ing results with his rockets for MAX
ing meteorological soundings of the
stratosphere.
OF all countries, Germany prob
ably did the most consistent Job of
research in this field, even before
Hitler'S accession. One of the fore
most promoters of rocket projectiles
was the German automotive manu-
facturer, Won Opel who even built
a rocket driven racing car. When
Won Opel visited the United States
in 1884, the writer discussed the
whole subject with him and recalls
Won Opel's description of rockets in
which half the weight would be ex-
plosive and the other half equipment
and powder to hurtle the missile
from distances far beyond those of
machine guns.
Reds Have Several Types.
The Russians and the Germans
have taken the lead in this field.
The Red Army has for several years
used land torpedOes' against tanks,
launching them from their Storm
OVlk alrplane. At the Battle of
Evening star., 1943-11-03

to stay for military and peaCetime
uses alike. Sensational progress is
inevitable
On the military side, the German
innovation is the harbinger of far
reaching changes in the armament
of aircraft Not only skyrocket tor
pedOeS but special large-Caliber non
recoil cannon on fighters seem sure
in the effort to keep fighter arma-
ment aligned with the growing
strength of bOmberS
Aerial torpedoes do not represent
basic invention The principle
has been known and used for gen.
eratlonS The ordinary Fourth of
July skyroCket embodies the essen
tial idea-a proiectlle which is self
propelled through expanding gases
Slow burning powder or other
chemicals give off high-pressure
gases expanding in all directions.
as these escape through the tail OF
the rocket. the rocket body is driven
in the opposite direction.
Recoil Is Continuous.
To grasp how the rocket works
think of what happens when a rife
is fired. Since the muzzle is open,
the expanding gases cause the rife
to "recoL' in the opposite direction.
In a rocket the powder does not
explode. but ignites slowly. releas-
ing a continuous stream of gas. thus
giving a continuous recoil or re-
action that pushes the rocket for
ward at great speed. Reactive pro-
pulSiOn is the technical name for
this motive power.
Since It is not a basic invention
how effectively any nation will eX-
plot the known rocket principles
and possibilities will be in direct
proportion to the time. energy and
creative brains invested in research
and experimentation.
When Prime Minister Churchill
recently announced and described
this German novelty in pursuit ar
mament the public behaved as if il
were startlingly new. The truth is
that rockets were widely used BY
all the belllgerents in the World
War. The writer himself fired rudl-
mentary air torpedoeS-crude 10
pound affairs-against the Germans
while with the Russian naval pursuit
aviation.
First Ones Were Crude.
The rockets We employed quar-
ter Of century ago were propelled
by gUnpoWder and had a long wood
en- rod as stabilizing tail. They were
only a step removed from the fire
cracker stage. They did not carry
any INT charge and were expected
to ignite the target on contact.
They were. therefore, used primarily
against observation balloons and