davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1943-02-11
Nozi Striking Power B|unted
Heavy Losses in Russio Decide Hitler
Against Big Lond Offensive in lo43

of some of the best military In
formation, estimated that the
German Army at the peak of its
strength after the Polish cam
paign totaled 5000, 900 men. But
the losses since then have been
heavy and with normal replace
ments swelled by artificial means
such as draining industries, re-
crulting older and younger men
and rehabilitating those not COM
pletely disabled, the German
Army this spring cannot total
more than 100000.
And, he declared, although It
will be partly composed of tough,
well-equipped and battle hard
ened veterans, it will have an
underpinning much weaker than
the great war machine of l94l or
even of 1912.
In the closing days of the
World War, Germany had a pop
uation of approximately 67,0OO,-
600 and she surrendered after she
had lost 2,034,00O dead on the
battlefelds.
Losses Exceed 100000.
In this war, Germany, with
Austria and the Sudetenland, has
around 8o,oOO.Oo0 population and
she's lost. according to conserva-
tive reports, we'll over 1000, 900
men in dead, prisoners and per-
manently disabled.
OF the 80,0OO,O00 population,
100000 are males and Al 900 900
females. Germany requires
minimum of 100000 workers
for agriculture and food process
ing and distributing industries to
feed the country, 100000 for
arms industries and similar war
work and another 100000 for
vital public services.
The source said that despite
the use Of women and imported
labor, at least 100000 German
men are required on essential
civilian jobs.
Figure it out yourself" he
added. Its simple arithmetic.
Eighteen million of the 80 ,OOO, 900
males are in industry, over 4,OO0,-
900 are permanent casualties, and
there are estimated to be now
about 100000 already in the
armed services. taking into ac-
count the losses and normal re-
placements.
That leaves only 1900, 900
males of all ages from the cradle
to the brink Of the grave and of
all physical conditions. The
severest comb-out of these and Of
industry cannot net more than
1,000,00 for the Army"
Evening star., 1943-02-11
R. N. Bradley Dies;
Real Estate Trustee

BY the Associated Press.
MILTON, Mass. Feb 1l-Richard
M. Bradley one Of the Nation s
leading real estate trustees, died at
his home last night on his 82d
birthday.
President of firm that bears his
name, he was widely known for his
formation of trusts to construct
and manage properties.
In March. 1892, he married Amy
Adds at WASHINGTON.
Evening star., 1943-02-11

women were used TO replace men
and no penalty of wage cost were
imposed, the transfer Of women to
mems jobs would be accelerated.
But, as is so characteristic of the
New Deal, a blanket arrangement
has been made which increases
everybody's costs. whether or not in
war work anf irrespective of age
limits, and no provision has been
made to modify ceiling prices.
Congress, and not the Executive
ought to lengthen the work week
The matter Of wages and hours
cannot be handled by blanket or
der, Il is still subject for legiS-
latlon and not Executive decree.
CReproduct!on Rights Reserved)
Evening star., 1943-02-11
BY GOULD LINCOLN.


hour work week to increase the
Nations productive capacity for
war generally is approved. Where
regrets are heard they carry with
them the opinion that something
should have been cone about it
year or more ago.
The order does not change the
40-hOur work week law. For
there is nothing in that law
which prevents working men and
women 4S hours a week, or even
So hours. The provision of the
law that has held down the work
week to 40 hours in the past COM
pels the payment of time and
half for all hours worked in eX-
cess Of 40 hours. This is not dis
turbed now by the Presidents
order.
The order, in effect, compels
employers to work their employees
46 hours. In many Of the war
plants this already is being done.
But in the great mass of factories
and business houses of all kinds,
including stores and banks, not
engaged in war work, the 40
hour week has been adhered to
pretty rigidly. For all these en-
ployes the order means an in
crease in wages or salaries Of ap-
proXimately 80 per cent per week.
The theory back of the program
is that these concerns. working
employees eight hours longer per
week. will be able to release a
lot of manpOWer for the essen
tial war industries. How far this
is correct remains to be seen.
Many small concerns, it is said,
will be unable to employ less men
and women. For them it means
large increases in their cost of
labor.
These increases will have to be
followed by increases in the
prices charged for the products
or for the services rendered.
Even the larger concerns will be
faced with increased labor costs
and they, too, may be compelled
to ask higher prices-prices
which have been fixed by the OPA.
One thing seems certain, the
payrolls of the country will be
very materially increased. There
will be more money to spend,
which helps to speed imitation.
And if prices increase and wages
again increase to meet the higher
cost of living, the inflationary
spiral will be in good running
order.
Too Late to Halt Wage Boosts.
1t is too late now to suspend
the provision calling for time
and-a-half pay for all working
hours over 40 per week. This
might have been done at the time
when first there was agitation for
such a suspension during the
war. At that time few of the in
dustries were working employees
beyond the 40-hour work week.
With the demand for increased
war production, the factories and
shipyards increased the working
hours. The increase in wages,
including the overtime pay, was
included in the costs of produc-
ton and charged to the Govern
ment. To suspend the provision
of the law calling for overtime
pay now would mean a reduction
in the wages paid to the en-
ployes. 1t would cause a roar
from one end of the land to the
other.
The overtime pay for war pro-
duction work has stuck in the
crops of many citizens. They
have been unable TO see the JUS
tlce of such pay, when the men
in the armed forces are working
unlimited hours. with no increase
in pay for overtime. It was at
the bottom of the demand when
the war got under way that the
40-hour work week be suspended
for the duration.
A great deal will depend upon
the administration of the new
order of the President, upon the
Evening star., 1943-02-11

HE opinions OF the 1Oriter this page their o,pn not
necessarily The Stars Such opinions presented
Stars e1ort to qpe all sides OF questions of interest
readers although such opinions may contradictory aono
themselves and directly opposed to The Stars.
Evening star., 1943-02-19
Arlington Welfare Head
To Address Girl Scouts

Roger Grant, director of the Ar
lington County Board of Public
Welfare, will speak at meeting of
Arlington Girl Scout leaders, troop
committees and council members at
10 am. next Thursday at the Ar
lington Recreation Center, it was
announced today.
Other speakers will include Mrs
ONeal johnson of Greenwich For
est, Md, council consultant for Re
gion of the National Girl Scout
Organization, and Miss Alice Null
key, director of Region 3, which in
cludes Virginia, Maryland, Pennsyl-
Vania and Delaware Discussion
groups will be led by Mrs. George
Pollard, former Girl Scout execu-
tive, now living in Arlington.
Reservations for a box luncheon,
q feature of the session, should be
made at the Scout Office, Oxford
2496, before pm. Monday, it was
announced.
Evening star., 1943-02-19
Industrial Union Council
Gets Report on ; D. T.. Bills

A report on three bills relating
TO the District which have been in
troduced into the House and re-
ferred to the District Committee
has been made by Sidney r. Katz.
secretary treasurer, to all locals
affiliated with the Maryland and
District of Columbia Industrial
Union Council.
The report urges member organi-
cations to oppose House Resolution
81, which prohibits the manufac-
ture, sale, possession or consuming
OF alcohol and provides heavy penal
ties for any violation. Mr.. Katz's
report terms the bill "inimical to
the health and morale of the war
worker and our armed forces"
Support for two other resolutions
Is asked in the report. The resoIu-
tions are House Joint Resolution 81.
Which would enable st. EliZabeth's
Hospital to purchase butter substi-
tutes, and House Resolution TIT.
which would permit the Minimum
Wage and Industrial Safety Board
OF the District to issue temporary
permits for the duration of the war
to employers engaged in war work
to e,sploy women for more than
eight hours a day or more than 48
hours a week.
Evening star., 1943-02-19
m Area Defense Units
Have Role in Setup,
Tucker Tells Council
Lumpkins Tells Meeting
Specific Orders on
Duties to Be Drafted

The 66 area civilian defense COM
mittees have a. definite place under
the new District Civilian Defense
Department, Leonard L. Tucker,
president, told the Civilian Defense
Council last night at its monthly
meeting at the United States Cham
Der Of Commerce Building.
Mr.. Tucker said an order will be
GRATED in the near future by Capt.
H. c. Whitehurst, civilian defense
director of the District. defining
speclflc functions and duties of the
area committees. Mr., Tucker said he
believed area committees should be
administrative heads charged with
co-ordlnating all activities in the
areas except in actual or practice
piackouts." The representatives of
area committees agreed with him.
Porter Lumpkins. assistant direc-
Tor OF the civilian defense, promised
area leaders that a definite order
specifying their duties would be
drafted by the department the
corporation counsel the chief air.
RAID warden and the Civilian Mobil-
zation Division.
A resolution was passed stating
that disbursement of council funds
could only be authorized by a ma
)ority vote of those present at
council meetings. The amount of
money in the treasury at the present
was reported as $11O.
BY unanimous vote. the council
authorized a special committee to
GRAFT letter of appreciation for the
services OF Col. Lemuel L. Bolles as
executive director of civilian defense
In the District.
Mr.. Tucker announced that stirr,p
pumps are now On sale generally to
the public, with no certificates being
required.
Inc meeting Endorsed the Red
Cross War Fund Campaign.
Evening star., 1943-02-19
Physically Handicapped
To Hear House Leader

Representative Mccormack, House
majority leader, will address Lodge
No. l, American Federation of the
Physically Handicapped, Inc, to-
night at 7:30 o'clock in the audi
torium Of the National Press Club.
Paul A. Strachan, national presi-
dent of the AFPH, and Ralph A.
Collins, acting national secretary,
will report on the federations legis-
lative and organization program
The program includes a resolution
providing that Congress and the
President designate the first week
In October of each year as Ma
tional Employ the Physically Handi-
capped Week" August P. Herdt-
feller, president, will preside.
Evening star., 1943-02-19

Every season finds seer
sucker the favOrite cotton
for Spring and Summer.
That's because it's so prac-
tical and economical and
serves for so many Occa-
sions. The neat stripes are
cOlorfast-and wash per-
fectly. Sizes IL to 20 and
38 to Al
Cotton Frocks-Second Floor
, 1943-03-17
.Ut Boards Plan
CItyWide
Stewards MeetinQ

An emergency meeting of all
UE Local Executive Board men,
bers in Dayton, held last Friday
evening at 9 East Fifth street,
unanimously voted to hold a city
wide UE Stewards meeting, for the
purpose of discussing and acting on
pending legislation in Washington
and Columbus, and to hear reports
from UE National Officers on con-
tract demands for 1913.
The city-wide meeting will be
held on Sunday afternoon, April
4th, at UE hall. UE General Presi-
dent Albert J. Fitzgerald, Director
of Organization James J. Matles,
UE Washington Representative
Russ Nixon, together with District
President Victor Decavitch, and
Activities Director Nell Letter.
man, will address the Stewards
conference.
The joint Executive Board meet
ing, in addition to hearing Brother
Decavitch, and Sister Lederman,
received reports from all UE Leg
islative and Public Affairs Com
mittees. Support of the National
Continued on Page 12)
, 1943-03-17

thy" He recommended that the
membership give serious consider
alton to the advisability of levying
a monthly security assessment of
so cents per member for the du-
ration of the war.
This, he said, would "bulwark
the union in its fight to obtain
satisfactory and improved peace
time collective bargaining agree
ments after the war" It would also
help preserve the present labor
legislation and aid in working for
effective legislative action to guar
antee freedom from want to all.
"The people of America and
throughout the world will never
again tolerate a situation where
millions of men are unemployed
while factories and machines lie
idle" Adde's declared.
winning the wal and determ-
ming how best we can utilize our
strength to bring about a speedy
victory is the most important task
facing the union and America"
, 1943-03-17

workers, then the workers will
stand ready to accept the sacrifices
of a dwindling market.
Also speaking on the program
were Hardy Merrill and F. L. En-
mis-, both International Representa-
tives of the JAW. Ennis was in
charge of the meeting.
Earlier in the day, other Union
officials discussed the various
phases of labor aims as affecting
the War Production program. Jack
Holt and Dale Toler, international
Representatives we're on hand to
welcome the out of town visitors.
Duffy Cottrell, president of UAW
Local 64s, George W. Wilkins,
president of JAW 696, George
Kreamer, president of UAW CAT,
and Claude Lemons, president of
JAW 785 were present as a vel
coming committee of local Auto
Workers.
, 1943-03-17

George AoQeS, the union OueS
paying membership is given as
778,659 in November 1912. This
shows an increase of about 10000
during the seven-months' period
from May, 1912, when the mem
bership totaled 612,7
Coming close upon the financial
report issued and released to the
press by the United Steelworkers
of America, the CLOS next largest
affiliate with a membership of
more than 75O,5O0, this means that
a public accounting has been made
of the union funds of a million
and a half CLIO members.
98 New Charters
During the seven months COW
cred by the report, SO new local
charters were issued, Adde's stated,
and limitations and re-instatements
averaged better than 100000 a
month. Total income for the period
amounted to slightly over $2,O78,-
500, and expenditures to about $751;
$4,000, leaving a deficit of $751;
600.
- "a
Membership dues are 81 a
month with initiation and read
mission fees limited to not less
than 81 or more than SIS.
although the report shows a
net deficit over the seven-months'
period of $53,034.O5," the report
stated, I'VE believe that with a
continued steady increase in men,
bership, the deficit will be elimi-
mated before this year is over"
Warns of Dangers
Warning the membership of the
dangers ahead in the postwar
the Secretary Treasurer
said: "The JAW CIO is not veal
, 1943-03-17

Senator Willard Tydings concern
ing the letter claimed to have been
sent by a soldier on Guadalcanal,
hitting the efforts of labor in the
war effort, and since proven false,
the JAW official said, "this con-
gress is the most bitter Labor
hating group in my long expert
ence. But it will not stop us . "
Speaking as a member of the
War Labor Board, Frankensteen
declared that the WLB has lived
up to it's job of limiting wages to
the Little Steel formula, but
the other government agencies
have not controlled the rises in
other prices and other costs as they
should. This has had the effect of
created inequalities. Frankensteen
explained that when the wages are
brought UP to the level of living
costs and assurance of the stabili-
zation of those costs given to the
, 1943-03-17

vice president of the UAW-CIO,
strumentality."
Frankensteen, former u. of D.
football star, and now a member
of the War Labor Board, spoke on
Sunday, March 7th at the CLIO
the assembled Auto Workers on
Hall at 8 East 5th st. This meeting
ended an all-day War Policy Con-
ference that brought many of the
top ranking officials of the JAW to
Dayton.
The JAW vice-president said:
1--WE must stand together to pro-
tect the worker against wage cuts
and to protect ourselves against
the future The Labor move
ment faces it's most bitter fight"
In citing examples of anti Union
ism, Frankensteen condemned Ed
die Rickenbacker, who he said,
fused his patriotism to lie against
Labor"
Pointing to the statements of
, 1943-03-17

rear 11upIIldli, i1lclIlOSL "a
ence, chaired the meeting.
Talks of the speakers and dis
cussion at the conference covered
the questions of the need for an
overall planned war economy,
equal pay for equal work, working
conditions essential to good war
production, the need for more child
care centers, and legislation neces-
sary to bring the war to a speedy
end, as we'll as reactionary legis-
lation that must be defeated.
Nell Lederman, UE District No.
Educational and Activities Direc-
tor was the keynote speaker, and
stated that women have a partic-
ular stake in this war" if we are
not ITO become subjugated to the
barbarism which the women of the
conquered countries have had to
endure" The work of Abigail
Adams, who first called for the
Declaration of independence, Har-
riet Tubman, the woman who
marched in the first May Day
parade, are all part of our Ameri-
can tradition. The fine work of the
women of England, who are par
ticipating in every phase of the
war, the contribution of the women
of the Soviet Union, and the
women of China, who are fighting
and dying for their countries were
saluted. Sister Lederman pointed
out that 13 million women of this
country have entered war plants
and taken their responsibility in
helping to bring the wal to a
speedy victory. It was further
pointed out that only 3 million
women were in the trade union
movement, and that only through
trade union organization could we
make possible ever greater in
creased production. Sister Leder-
man presented the UE program
on rationing, price control, fair
tax program, win the war wage
policy, and a complete overall plan
of our economy.
Anna James, of UE Local 8O1
introduced the question of equal
pay for equal work. She pointed
out that the policy of our Ma
tional Union on equal pay for
equal work. was set long before
Pearl Harbor. Girls participating
in the discussion, Marinell Am
brose, Mary Turner, Sadie Huston,
Lois Davis, Louise Fields, and a
fraternal delegate of Inland Local,
ETC., spoke of the responsibility
of making equal pay" an actual
ity, so that our boys at the front
will come home to the standards
of living they are fighting to pre-
serve, and that our women today
will be able to maintain decent
health standards so that they may
make their fullest contribution to
the war effort. Ways of bringing
about equal pay for equal work
were presented by the girls.
Camille Barkin, member of
Local SO1 spoke on "Good Work.
, 1943-03-17

War Work." covering proper food,
sanitary conditions, allotting suf-
ficient time for eating, rest periods,
and other health conditions in
relation to maximum war produc-
ton. She stated that basic health
standards must be maintained so
that the health of the women of
our country will not run down
after the war.
Legislation affecting women was
covered by Betty Nelson of UE
Local 755. The Ross Bill in the
Ohio State Legislature, and the
vague and fake Equal Rights
Bill" in Congress, similar to the
Ross Bill were discussed. The
Equal Rights" bill is being pushed
by a group of "tea party and
bridge playing" women, most of
whom have never been in a plant.
It was urged hat protests to this
bill be sent to our Congressman.
Ella Garner, Field Representative
of Warren, Ohio, commented on
the legislative work done in War
rem.
Evelyn Denney of Plant No. 3,
Frigidaire, spoke on the problem
of child care for working mothers,
for pre-school as we'll as school
children. She pointed out that
present facilities are far made
quate, and that one of the out
standing causes of absenteeism of
working mothers was due to the
cause of inadequate care of chill
dren. Sister Denney urged that
immediate requests be made by all
Local Unions to the proper agen-
cies, as this was n way to help
the manpower situation, and alb
senteeism; that the child care GEN.
tiers be properly located; that care
for school children be established;
and that all Local Unions support
this program and 60 after a real
child al program in Dayton.
Pearl Hupmann, Chairman, pre-
scented a program on Training
Women Leaders," This program is
to include the Contract, How a
Union Works in the Plant, Local
Union Constitution, National UE
Policies, History of Women in
Trade Unions, etc. Members pres
ent were asked to 90 back to their
locals, announcing the classes so
that other interested members may
enroll. Classes will begin March
%, Tuesday evening, 800 to $3.50,
and March "a, Wednesday morning
from 1920 to 1900 noon. Motion
was made and seconded that the
program be adopted. The motion
was carried unanimously.
Cledith Mathews of Local 754,
read a statement which was
adopted by the conference and
which will appear in the next
issue Of the Dayton Union News.
Lack of space prevents carrying
statement this issue.
Motion was made and seconded
Continued on Page 11)
, 1943-03-17
JAW Largest
Union. in Nation

DETRO1T-One of the CLOS luty young internationals, the
United Automobile Workers, has grown to such giant stature in the
last few years that it now tops all the unions of the nation in
membership.
In the semi-annual report of the JAWS secretary-treasurer
, 1943-03-17
Vice-President Calls For
Unity, Raps Rickenbacker

At a mass meeting dh eD Dayton Locals Of the United Auto Workers Richard T Fradhnshen
president of the AW-CIO, declared 7 nope we all aMe that tour n is more than wage in
, 1943-03-17
"Women to Win The War"
Conference Held in DAYTON

" Over one hundred girls rpre@ningS six r. Locals in % pas held the first U Womns Con-
ference in the history of the UE in DNon at heS Silver Forest room in the Milan hoL on Sunday
afternoon Marc H.
~& The conference was opened by Brother John Thomas field organizer
Pearl Hupnan member of the CntnuahosC Committee of the Columbus UE Wonens Confer
, 1943-03-17

Camille Barkin, member of
Local SO1 spoke on Good Work.
ing Conditions Necessary for Good
The potters herald. [volume] (East Liverpool, Ohio) 1899-1982, 1943-03-11
MORE EDUCATIONAL WORK NEEDED

THE AMERICAN Federation of Labor empha-
sizes fact that lot of Government officials
in Washington do not seem to understand: that
labor participation in war production policy max
ing and operations is essential to the understand
ing which brings wholehearted cooperation. AS
the federation says in it's monthly economic sur
vey, urging more of voice for labor in the War
Production Board:
Complete participation Of labor is the only
way workers can know why and how the pro-
grams affecting them are being formulated and
can have voice in developing them.
"'Ths is the only way to bring greater under
standing among working people, remove distrust
and win full cooperation from the men and women
working in war and civilian plants throughout the
country. Participation imposes responsibility to
See the task through.
Evidently labor must keep pounding away ever
lastingly the idea of full labor representation in
the war effort. Despite all that has been said on
the subject, it has not made the progress which is
necessary for the most efficient conduct of the
war on the home front.