davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1943-12-08

France. There may also be one or more
diversionary operations, as in Brittany.
Southern France, Norway or elsewhere.
This is only the beginning, however.
The real test will come when the Ger
mans bring up their reserves for coun-
terattack. Obviously, therefore, the
forces at the disposal of the Anglo
American commander in chief must be
sufficient in numbers and equipment to
meet at least on even terms the German
forces which are available for such
counterattack. We may estimate these
forces at from 60 to 100 divisions, allow
ing for the possibility of sudden with
drawal to shorter lines on the Russian
front and quick switch of local reserves
from that front across Europe to the
west.
+ 4
Probably it would not be safe to
begin an invasion in the west unless
we had, in addition to air and naval
superiority, at least 80 divisions at
Misunderstanding both the initial attack
ing forces and the reserves available in
the British Isles.
Naval and air superiority, are, of
course, Indispensable. Indeed, It u On
Evening star., 1943-12-08
Frank K. Kent

want 10 vote to make their application
ana receive their ballots In time to
nave them cast and counted.
Most OF the States have regular ses-
SONS OF their Legislatures this winter or
spring and those who do not can have
special sessions. It Is not easy to find
an excuse for inaction now on the part
OF the States. Clearly, it is UP to them
TO act and it is unlikely that the Gov
ernor OF any State would care to be
blamed for inaction on the part of his
State. Also. one has the right to ex-
pect the Senators who opposed the
Green-Lucas bill to use their influence
In their respective States to secure the
necessary legislation There is neither
sense nor fairness in trying to make it
appear that Congress is opposed to SOL
diers voting
effort in the House to revive the Green
Lucas bill in some compromise form.
AS every member of the House must
come up for reelection next year, the
lear OF being accused of not wanting the
soldiers to vote is more acute than in
the Senate. Thus. there is greater
chance OF badly written and ill-con-
sldered measure being passed. which the
Senate is not likely to accept.
Eventually, the bill will 60 into con-
ference committee, from which no one
can tell what will emerge. The inter-
ests OF the country will be served best.
however, if the whole business should be
put in the hands of the States, with
strong recommendation from Congress
that they act adequately and with speed.
That would leave no alibi for inaction.
That is the logical. simple and sound
way OF dealing with the issue. But.
Congress frequently acts in other WAYS
and in this case administration pressure
and demagogic politics tend in the other
direction.
Evening star., 1943-12-08

harmonious understanding In re-
gard to their respective interests
throughout the Middle East.
The problem Of Iran, or Persia, as
1t has been historically known, has
been a diplomatic sore spot for
generations. Centuries Of misgov-
ernment had reduced this extensive
land to chronic weakness which
rendered it incapable of resisting
imperialistic foreign pressure. A
patriotic revival, begun q genera
ton ago, eliminated in a revolution
in 1925 which swept the decadent
Khajar dynasty from power and en-
throned in its stead Ria Khan, a
tough-minded soldier who mounted
the throne of Darius with a pro-
gram of national regeneration. Ria
Shah plunged into an intensive
process of moderniza ton, his most
notable achievement being the con-
struction OF a railway from the
Persian Gulf to the Caspian Sea.
thus Transforming Iran from a bar
rier to link between Russia and
the outer world.
1t was this which involved Iran
in the world struggle as soon as
Russia became Britain's ally against
the Axis. Strong nationalist that
he was, Ria Shah strove vainly to
maintain Trans neutrality. But his
railway had become a vital link in
RusSo-British communications; so
both powers intervened in the au-
tumn of 1941, deposed the unco-
operative Shah and replaced him by
his young son. Mohammed, together
with a government which complied
with Allied requirements and even
tually declared war on Germany as
a formal member Of the United Ma
tions. In return, Britain and Rus
sia signed treaty with Iran whose
terms are now reiterated and ampli-
fled In the declaration of the con-
ference which met at Teheran, the
1ranian capital.
Evening star., 1943-12-08
Doubt Of Efficiency
or Conferences Expressed.
TO the Editor Of The Star.

To the Editor Of The Star:
l do not desire for one instant to take
from Secretary of State Cordell Hull anv
OF the credit due him for any lasting
achlevement that was ACCOMPLISHED at
the Moscow conference. But who knows
at thls stage OF the game whether the
achievements of the Moscow conference
are enduring in their character or lust so
much Wlshful thinking? Only time will
tell
From developments since World War
| 1t seems that the people of the United
States, in their reactions to the chang
ing international events and conditions.
reject by large maiorities conclusions
that plainly are indicated by the logic
OF facts to be the duty of this country
to accept. 1t then comes to pass that
when the United States is forced to fol-
low the way at first rejected, it is too
iate-too late. for instance, for such
brave Americans as those killed at Pearl
Haroor. Besides, in recent years, the
american people in large numbers have
become victims OF jumping to conclu-
slons as was the case when many gave
voice to the belief that because we don't
want war. We won't have war"
So today we see some of the American
people still under the influence of isola-
ton. pacifism, legal neutrality and ap-
peasement. If this war were won and
over. then ME Hull's accomplishments
at the Moscow conference could be taken
at their face value. But the war has not
been won and is not over. No amount
OF wishful thinking can change that fact
1t becomes apparent then, that what
the people Of the United States need far
more than conferences is to have this
nations timer put in order.
WILLIAM H. HARGROVE.
California, Mo.
Evening star., 1943-12-08
Dorothy Thompson

clusions Of the conference. Would IL
deal political block buster" at Ger
many? Would it demand the overthrow
OF the Hitler government, and make
specific offers to the satellites? Would
1t outline the Europe to come? Would
1t enlarge the declarations of the pre-
vious conference in Cairo? All the
world waited breathless.
Then, on Monday, the news exploded
In superb anticlimax We found that
the three leaders had met and agreed.
Every one found the other to be a swell
fellow. Mr.. Churchill got a birthday
cake and Stain a Sword of Stalingrad
from George VI. The three agreed to
go on agreeing. But what they agreed
to no one knows. We know exactly as
much as We knew after Cairo. which.
Ike Casablanca and Quebec, also pro-
duced an anticlimax.
We know what was already certain.
that second front in Europe will be
opened, and what We already guessed
that 1t would be in number of places
at once
We received reiterations OF noble
phrases, but not single positive prin-
ciple
ii tnls Is a war OF nerves, we wonder
against whom it is directed.
10 build up tension in Germany and
then let it down suggests that an agent
OF Mr.. Goebbels prepared the publicity.
TO build up tension in America and
Britain and then let 1t down is even
more serious
Our Government is In extreme danger
OF boring the. American people to excru-
citation, II It does not irritate them into
blind opposition.
They don't trust papa. It isn't in
their nature. They want principles
Released by the Bell Syndicate, 1nc)
Evening star., 1943-12-08

that he learned almost everything he
knows from a study of American pub
licity in the last war.
He did learn from us, and he, not we,
has used the lesson
In the last war, America was rela-
lively minor power. We represented
but the decisive margin. At the critical
moment We furnished large army, but
We did not even equip that army. We
were, to large measure, equipped by
our Allies.
What We did furnish were ideas
the ideas which won the war Woodrow
Wilson, without consulting any one, put
out the IA points and fought on those
points, imbuing the spirit at home
with idealism and enthusiasm, and
breaking down the enemy with the
sheer force of ideas
4
Behind those ideas was put a tech
nique of timing. through superbly or
paniZed Dropaaanda
Evening star., 1943-12-08
Maj. George Fielding Eliot

our air superiority that we must count
most heavily as the strongest factor in
our favor. 1t does not seem likely that
we can do much more than attain
equality Or perhaps a slight edge, in
ground troops at the beginning.
Our advantage here, like that OF the
mans have already scraped the bottom
OF their manpower barrel; they have no
requirements available.
To the Germans, a division shattered
In battle is a division lost; division
greatly reduced in numbers must remain
SO, or be broken up and divided among
other divisions. The United Nations,
all the way round the circle of steel
drawing tighter about Germany, can
replace their losses and keep their units
at full strength. Thus we will find that
as the fighting progresses we will grow
steadily stronger in relative fighting
power. If We are not beaten in the
beginning, we shall never be beaten.
Once we are firmly emplaced on the
continent, the Germans doom will be
sealed.
But in that beginning, where are we
to get the 80 divisions we shall need in
addition to our air and naval forces?
1t is a good rule of thumb to say that
a nation can mobilize in its air, ground
and sea forces about ten per cent of its
total population. The United States
forces total slightly less than that, the
margin being made up by the merchant
marine. We may assume that the Brit
ish have at least equaled this figure.
The total population of the United
Kingdom is 100000 and of Canada
(the only dominion whose forces are
engaged in Europe in large numbers)
about 12,000,000. This will suggest a
total available fighting force of about
100000. OF these, over 1000 5000 are
In the air force, and about 1000 900 in
the Navy and merchant marine. We
may allow $500 900 for the Army forces
serving IN the Mediterranean, the Middle
Evening star., 1943-12-08

This is exactly what was expected, and
it is, therefore, greatly to the credit of
those Senators who. knowing their op-
position would subject them to this
sort of attack, still had the courage to
oppose. II is, of course, transparency
demagoglc and untrue.
There isn't Senator in the body who
wants to deprive soldiers here or abroad
of their franchise. There isn't con-
ceivable reason why any Senator would
be unwilling to give the vote to men
who are risking their lives for their
country. 1t is certainly, accurate to say
that every Senator who voted against
the Green-Lucas bill (most of them
with sons of their own in the service)
are just as much in favor Of the soldiers
voting as the Senators who supported
the bill
Why, then. did nonpartisan ma
jority of Senators reject it? The rea-
sons are clear. l. Because the bill was
so clearly unconstitutional that no one
Evening star., 1943-12-08
Member of the Associated Press.
Beyond Apology Now

There is no reason for Senator
McCarran to feel that some lawyers
will smile because he questions
whether the trainers of the Consti-
tuition ever really intended to deprive
the people who live in the District of
Columbia of their voting rights as
citizens, More than one good lawyer
has raised the same point
A comment on that question, writ
ten and published in Washington a
few years after adoption of the Con-
stitution-"a bundle OF compromises
mosaic of second choices
accepted in the interests of union
is timely today.
They have provided for the exclu-
sion of the State Jurisdictions but
they have declined any consideration
OF the subsequent relation of the rest
of their fellow citizens" wrote
Augustus Brevoort Woodward The
novelty of the measure (the Consti-
tution) and the great uncertainty
which then prevailed whether the
Government they then proposed
would ever pass into actual opera
ton, may serve as an apology for
their not entering into more detail;
II that term Is pardonable toward a
body which deserves so much respect
and gratitude OF America. There
can, however, be no apology for us
of the present day, who have seen
this Government prosperous and
happy for thirteen years; who have
seen the seat of it's permanent ad-
ministration selected with so much
care and located with so much judg-
ment, and who now behold it's actual
advention to the place of its destina-
ton; II we refuse to turn our atten-
ton to it at this very period, and to
make deliberate, effectual and con-
stitutional provision for it's partici-
patton in the general councils and
for It's domestic government"
This could be done now, and with
out giving the District the status of
State-Senator McCarran unfortu-
nately confuses statehood with ma
tional representation for the people
OF the District-by approval OF the
Constitutional amendment proposed
by Representative Summers OF Texas
and Senator Capper Of Kansas:
The Congress shall have power to
provide that there shall be in the
Congress and among the electors OF
President and Vice President, men,
bers elected by the people Of the
District constituting the seat of the
Government Of the United States, in
such numbers and with such powers
as the Congress shall determine All
legislation hereunder shall be subject
to amendment and repeal.
Evening star., 1943-12-08
Letters to The Star
Russia Cited as Model
OF Society Free Of Aristocra


OF Society Free Of Aristocrats.
TO the Editor Of The Star:
Any plan for lasting peace will succeed
to the extent that it discourages ultra
nationalism and promotes equality of
opportunity and cooperation regardless
OF political or racial lines.
Government has been called a neces-
sary evil. The evil lies in serving the
few against the many. Tolstoi said :
The rich will do anything for the poor
but get of their backs" He might we'll
have said the same Of governments.
What people the world around need
to keep them in a pacific mood Is not
only the freedoms Of expression, which
are no assurance against want, but free
dom OF production and exchange
The people of Russia may not have
the freedoms We regard as the pillars of
democracy. but they have broken COM
pletely with that ancient system devised
TO keep the masses in Subjection to an
aristocratic ruling class. Their constitu-
tion makes them collective owners OF
their soil, and what they individually
pay Tor its use, in money or in kind, goes,
not to private pockets, but to public
uses. Hence, their productive industry
Is not doublv burdened with rents to
private privilege, and taxes to make up
their loss to the state. With politics in
the discard, or subordinated to mass
economics. Russia presents a pattern of
the means to lasting peace that is at
tracing more and more attention as
she succeeds in driving out the forces
that would push her back into serfdom.
WALTER N. CAMPBELL.
Evening star., 1943-12-08

defended its constitutionality and there
was the recognized chance that the re-
suit, under this bill, might be contested
in the courts and ultimately the whole
election thrown into the House Of Rep
resentatives.
q Because the bill offered no guar
antee Of a nonpartisan election and
provided no means by which unbiased
information concerning candidates and
issues could be given soldiers and sailors
abroad
g. Because the bill swept aside the
election laws of the States, abrogated
their basic right to conduct their own
elections and thus would have estab
lished precedent that could have been
used to put the States completely un-
der the Federal heel. One result would
have been to destroy the principle upon
which the hight against repeal of the
poll tax is being made. And, If that
fight should be lost, the States would
have no rights they could call their own.
1t would seem that on these three points
sound ground for rejecting the bill ex-
ists-that, as a matter Of fact. those
who supported the bill should have
more trouble justifying their position
than those who opposed it.
Now, what should be dore? Every
body wants :he soldiers to vote if a
feasible and sound way can be found.
The substitute bill passed by the Senate
puts it squarely up to the States TO find
the way and directs the Army and Navy
to cooperate in the mechanics of dis
tributing and collecting the ballots.
There is no reason at all why the
States cannot do this. Forty-six of the
48 States already have absentee ballot
laws. 1t should be a simple matter TO
amend these laws. abrogating, for the
emergency. the registration require
ments, poll taxes, etc, for all service
men who are bona fide residents of the
States, and making it EASY for those who
Evening star., 1943-12-08
Turkey and the War

Only the unfolding of concrete
events will reveal the full scope of
the military understanding, if any,
reached in Cairo at the historic
three-day meeting of President
Roosevelt, Prime Minister Churchill
and President Inonu of Turkey. The
language Of the joint communique
Is UNDERSTANDABLE nonspecifc on
that score, inviting the most far
ranging kind of surmise, but there
Is nothing at all speculative about
the political significance of the con-
ference
In the first place. it represents a
diplomatic triumph of the first
order for the United Nations. The
intrigues of Franz Won Papen, Hit
ler's Ambassador to Ankara, and
the steady Nazi pressure on the
Turks have apparently come to
naught.
In the second place, the Roose-
velt-Churchill-Inonu communique,
besides emphasizing the strength of
the alliance and the closest unity"
existing between Turkey, Britain
and the United States, significantly
refers to the firm friendship" be-
tween the Turkish people and the
Soviet Union. 1t points out, too,
that President Inonu went to Cairo
in response to the cordial invita-
ton" not of Britain and America
alone but of Russia as we'll, even
though the latter was represented
only indirectly in the conversations.
This suggests that through Messrs.
Roosevelt and Churchill a consider
able and heartening Improvement
in attitudes may have been effected
between Moscow and Ankara, which
Is of more than passing Importance
in view of the traditional uneasiness
OF the Turks over possible Russian
aims in respect to the Dardanelles.
Finally, by meeting with President
Roosevelt and Prime Minister
Churchill, President Inonu has
plainly shown that the Turkish
government is pretty we'll con-
vinced that the United Nations are
going to win the war.
The military implications Of the
Evening star., 1943-12-08

That was at time when the instru-
ments Of propaganda were infinitely less
developed than they are today. There
was no radio. capable of carrying ideas
into the heart Of the enemy.
Apparently the fate of Wilson was 80
frightening that we are afraid to have
any more ideas So the fantastic in
struments at our disposal are all back
firing
Never has there been a war for
great cause conducted with such abomi-
nable public relations as this one
We have an immense Once of War
Information. 1t employs thousands Of
people. 1t fills the air "a hours a day
with words. But when the moment
comes that deed can of itself be the
most powerful propaganda, 1t is helpless
because 1t Is made helpless.
Nothing could have been worse ham
died than the Teheran conference. The
fact OF the meeting was known for
fortnight to every newspaperman here
and abroad. For days it was built up
An enormous tension was created in
anticipation of some decisive statement
The statement itself was postponed
1t was expected on Saturday and then
postponed to Monday at / pm. Mean
while, the sheer fact that the confer
ence had been concluded was an
nounced by the Russian Tass agency.
That gave rise to Speculations about
why the Russians should have broken
the story in advance of every one else
The conference itself was obscured for
a couple of days by recriminations be-
tween the heads of the three great Al
lied informa ton services.
The Axis radio. meanwhile, helped
build up the tension. Axis and Allied
quarters both speculated on the con-
Evening star., 1943-12-08
Iran as Indicator

The statement concerning Iran
issued by the Teheran conference is
the most specifically hopeful aspect
Of that momentous meeting be-
tween the executive heads of the
United States. Britain and the
Soviet Union. In the most unequiv-
ocal terms, the three supreme lead
ers declare that they are "at one
with the government of Iran in
their desire for the maintenance of
the independence, sovereignty and
territorial integrity of Iran" They
warmly recognize that country's as
sistance in the war against the Axis,
promise aid in Trans postwar eco
nomic reconstruction, and count
upon" it's participation in the es-
tablishment of international peace,
security and prosperity after the
war, in accordance with the princi-
piles of the Atlantic Charter, to
which all four governments have
continued to subscribe"
Here is concrete evidence that
many other specific political prob
lens not mentioned in the Teheran
declarations will be approached in
a constructive and harmonious
spirit which augurs we'll for postwar
world reconstruction. So far as
words can do, it certainly allays
apprehensions that Iran, tradition
ally buffer state between Russia
and Britain, might again become
what 1t has been in the pasta bone
of contention between the imperial
aspirations of those two great pow
ers. The declaration indicates that
London and Moscow have come to q
Evening star., 1943-12-08
Laughter Will Rise

Some things endure. Be comtorted.
Forget the dying and the dead.
The Je1Uel-Deed blossoms endleSslu
Setting its sharp, 1Dild fragrance free
Beside the trout brooks cobbled bed.
The friendly grass has carpeted
Old battlefelds, once ra,D and red.
Earth heals her mounds 1Uith 1Ueed and
tree.
Some things endure.
When these false crops are harvested
And these grin, fields groy wheat in
stead,
From some slit trench OF memory
Where it has crouched so NEARLY
Laughter ,DiH rise un1ernlded.
Some things endure
NEZ GEORGE oNIDLEY.
Evening star., 1943-12-08

East. India and other overseas areas
ABOUT o00,0O0 more are tied up in anti
aircraft and coast defense forces in the
British Isles. This leaves 900. 900: sub
Ject to still further deduction of about
~ per cent for Army administrative
overhead, sick in hospital, instructional
cadres, etc. Thus the number of British
troops available for field service in the
British Isles does not seem likely to
exceed 100000, which will furnish about
"a divisions at full strength, plus the
necessary complement of CORPS. army.
general headquarters and line of COM
municatlons troops.
Obviously, therefore, with Britain do
Ing its best, the United States will have
to supply 56 divisions out of the neces-
sary 80 which accords exactly with the
figure of 10 per cent used bv Field
Marshal SHUTS in his recent Guildhall
speech.
1t also accords with the figures which
have been published about the size Of
our Army. These figures give a total of
$500, 900 for the ground forces, which.
oeouctlng 10 per cent for sick and for
local defense units, means total Of
perhaps 100 divisions Counting, as al
ways, an average of l man in division
Tor l man in corps, army, etc. troops.
II there are, say 10 divisions in the
Pacific and 10 in the Mediterranean,
and if we assume that 2O-odd divisions
will be kept in the United States either
to complete training or as a strategic
reserve, the number available for the
invasion of Western Europe will be Just
about that required.
The magnitude Of the undertaking
may be realized when it is pointed out
that the total number of divisions mo-
bilized In the last war was considerably
less than Sc and that there was never
any period when half that number WAS
actually available for front-line service
In France.