davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1943-10-20
Musso|ini Reported Ready
To Quit Puppet Regime
BY the Associated Press

By the Associated Press
BERN, Switzerland, Oct. 2o.-A
Budapest dispatch to the Swiss
newspaper Gazette de Lausanne said
today that Benito Mussolini had in
dicated his intention to resign as
head of Italy's Fascist republican
government" and had asked the di-
rectors of the party in Berlin to
name Marshal Rodolfo GRAHAM as
his successor.
The dispatch said the former Duce
never had left Germany, although
he was reported to have returned tc
Rome from Germany after his lib
Grafton" by Nazi parachutists. Ital-
ians in Budapest, the dispatch add
ed, said Mussolini had never ac-
lively participated in the new gov
ernment, which was against his
heart"
Evening star., 1943-10-20
j. ). Bombers Attack
Western Germany
Heavy Precision Assault
On Targets Indicated

BY the Associated Press.
LONDON, Oct. 20.-American
heavy bombers, supported by
Thunderbolts and Spitfires, attacked
targets in Western Germany today.
1t was the seventh major oper-
alton of the month for the American
heavy bombers, but their first since
the destructive smash at Germany's
big bearing plant at Schweinfurt last
Thursday.
The fact that both Thunderbolts
and Spitfires accompanied the big
bombers suggested heavy precision
assault on some German war-pro-
duction target. In recent weeks
most of the raids have been sup
ported by Thunderbolts alone.
A small force of German air raid
ers dropped bombs at widely sepa-
rated places in Eastern England
last night, touched off the fourth
successive night alert in London and
caused some casualties.
-Four persons were killed by a
bomb which dropped in one suburb
OF the capital and IL others were
buried by falling debris, but they
were rescued alive.
There was no indication of any
large-scale RAF activity over the
continent during the night.
Evening star., 1943-10-20
Senator Capper Urge!
Systematic Program
10 Wipe Out S|ums
Konson Calls for Fight
On Bliehted Areas to
Save Nations CopitoI

A systematic program to wipe
out one slum area each year in
Washington and build the houses
needed to replace them was
urged today by Senator Cappe1
|of Kansas, ranking minority
member of the District Com
'mittee.
Giving his reactions to the recent
inspection he has been making o1
the blighted areas, with Senator
Burton. Republican Of Ohio, the
Kansan said:
Il cannot emphasize too strongly
my belief that the fight against the
slums is a fight for the actual pres.
ervation of the Nations Capital. Il
We do not destroy the slums, unques.
tionably they will destroy U.S."
Would Restore Fund.
Senator Capper also recommended
that Congress restudv its action OF
last year in substituting a fiat ap.
preparation for the revolving func
Of the National Capital Housing
Authority, by which it formerly
kept up its properties out of receipts
and unexpended balances.
Il think this action ought to be
restudied in the light of later de.
velopments. because there is reason
to doubt whether the direct appro.
prlatlon method is the best and mos
economical way to finance the con.
tinuing operations of local hous.
ing authority" the Senator said.
When one considers that. witt
its 1865 900, the Authority has prop.
Evening star., 1943-10-20
House Members Hear Secret
War Talks by Army Chiefs

A large segment of the House got
up long before the normal breakfast
hour to attend the session. which
also included an exclusive showing
|of war-action movies.
Presumably the affair was to meet
repeated demands of House men,
bers that they be given some in
side" information such as Senators
recently received from five COL
leagues who toured the war fronts.
Other speakers were Maj. Gen
George B. Strong, who talked on
THE Strength Of the Axis; Brig
Gen. F. A. Armstrong, who discussed
Strategic Bombing: Germany; 1t
Col. Emmett ODonnell, on Far East
air problems; Brig. Gen. Lawrence
S. Kuter, on the general air war
and Maj. Gen. w. D. Styer, on To-
gistics.
Secretary Stimson limped slightly
as he entered the auditorium, after
slipping on the marble steps of the
Library as he was entering the
building.
Evening star., 1943-10-20
Writer Assui|s Morale Anq|e
In News of Naples Mine Blasts

would be great morale builder If
we advertised that the Germans
killed several dozens of innocents
and soldiers by time bombs.
The same censor who allowed the
dispatch of this invaluable news by
radio refused to allow this CORE
spondent to mention the following
pertinent fact which was already
known to our enemies:
Extensive mining of cities evacu-
ated by troops during general re-
tirement has been established mill
tary practice for years and was rec
ognized as fair practice by all the
Allied Nations when the Russians
heavily mined Kiev before their 194l
retreat. Many Germans were blown
up at Kiev and German complaints
were ridiculed.
What We ought to do when we
reach mined cities is to stay clear
of them unless, or until, we are able
to detect the mines and forget
about the morale building" angle
tcopyrirnt. 1e4s, Chicago Dali, News Inc.
Evening star., 1943-10-20
BY the Associated Press.

| BY the Associated Press.
House members today got a
convincing" first-hand progress re-
port on the war from Gen. George C.
Marshall, Secretary of War Stimson
and other top-flight leaders of the
Nations military effort.
In a haf-hour talk behind the
closed doors of the Congressional
Library auditorium the Army Chief
of Staff gave what some members
described as "a straight-fr the
shoulder discussion of what we have
done, what is going on now and
what we are planning to do on the
fighting fronts"
Chairman Cannon of the Appro-
priations Committee called the pro-
gram, arranged at the request OF
House leaders, very convincing.
1t. Col. Larry MacPhail of the Army
Public Relations Section said it was
IAN honest effort to acquaint the
lawmakers with the problems we
have confronted and which lie
ahead"
Evening star., 1943-10-20
Roboul Attackers Fly So Low
Pursuing Zeros Strike Sea
Sixty More Jap Planes and Two Worships
Destroyed by Mitchell Bombers

Across narrow Dampier Strait
from Cape Gloucester, Japanese
troops achieved some progress" an
Allied spokesman said, in drive
southwestward from Sattleberg to-
ward FinSchhafen, Is miles away
The Mitchells flew alone in bad
weather Monday, but they surprised
the japanese with the same treetop
and mast height tactics they en-
ployed in the October IL attack in
which they We're escorted.
The approximately go Zeros which
opposed them managed to attack
only after the Mitchells had dropped
their bombs and were departing. In
the resultant sky battles, "a Japanese
planes were shot down and 3
Mitchells were lost. The other SO
enemy planes were destroyed on the
ground at the Rapopo and Tobera
airfelds during the two-hour assault.
A destroyer and gunboat were the
Warships sunk A 6,0O0-ton cargo
boat also went down and another
of similar size and a corvette were
damaged severely. A Liberator
patrolling off Kavieng. New Ireland,
bombed and sank an 8.000-ton trans
port crowded with troops.
Evening star., 1943-10-20
Incorporating Unions Plan
To Appeal Vinson Decision

Railroad brotherhoods may appeal
to the courts from the decision of
Fred M. Vinson, economic stabil-
lzatlon director, setting aside a wage
award by board functioning in
accordance with the Railway Labor
Act, it was disclosed today as heads
OF the IS incorporating unions
affected by his ruling continued
their conference here.
Some union leaders are reported
to feel that the Railway Labor Act
has. in effect, been scrapped by the
authority over rail wages assumed
by the stabilization director.
Mr.. Vinson refused to permit an
eight-cent hourly award recon-
mended for the incorporating broth
erhoods by wage panel, and then,
it is said, blocked a sliding scale
arrangement to which the brother
hoods agreed. President Roosevelt
President Roosevelt has called a
meeting tomorrow of his combined
Labor War Board which includes
representatives of the AFL. CIO and
the Brotherhood of Railway Train
men.
Evening star., 1943-10-20
BY the Associated Press.

Is thc AssOSlobcO rIeSS.
ALLIED HEADQUARTERS IN
THE SOUTHWEST PACIFIC
Oct. 20-Mitchell bombers, flying
so low that pursuing Zeros mad
vertently dipped wings in the sea
and crashed, have destroyed go
more planes and sunk two more
warShips at the japanese key
base of Rabaul.
This second air pounding within
a week of the New Britain fortress
to which the enemy's New Guinea
and Solomons defenses are hinged
was announced today by Gen Doug
las MacArthur's headquarters. But
a spokesman also disclosed that Jap
anese troops have gone over to the
offensive against the Australians in
the Finschhafen. New Guinea. area
where Gen. MacArthur's forces
stand nearest New Britain.
The attack Monday on Rabaul
heaped new destruction on the 1T
enemy planes demolished or dam
aged and the three warships sunk
in the 350-ton bombing assault of
October IL.
Mondays raid was the major part
of an aerial assault on New Britain.
Evening star., 1943-10-20
DR.. BaNou Requests
Retirement Because
OF Poor Health
Served os Superintendent
Of Washington Schools
For % Years

DR.. Frank w. Ballou, superin-
tendent of District public schools
for % years. has asked the Board
of Education to retire him be-
cause of Ill health, it was learned
today.
The request for retirement was to
be acted on late this afternoon at
a board meeting 1t is understood
that Robert L. Haycock, veteran of
48 years in the school system and
now acting superintendent. will be
elevated to the superintendency in
DR.. Ballou's place.
Dr. Ballou was on sick leave from
January to July Since he has been
on sick leave without pay. His re-
quest for retirement has been made
at the advice of physicians, it was
learned.
Came Here in 1920
DR.. Ballou came here in 1920 from
the assistant superintendency of
the Boston public schools. A native
of Fort Jackson. N. Y, he has had
teaching experience from the one
room rural school to the large metro
polltan school, He has often been
praised by his Board of Education
for his administrative ability, pro-
fessional outlook and regard for the
best interests of the children of
Washington.
On his goth anniversary 100 asso-
ciates honored Dr.. Ballou at din
ner. In addition. an issue of the
Journal Of the Education Associa
ton of the District of Columbia was
devoted entirely to educational
strides made during his administra-
lSee RAIIOII Dnnn u
Evening star., 1943-10-20
Yugos|av Partisans
Smash Nazi Attempt
To Land in DaImatid
Capture of Two Towns
BY Tito's Followers
Reported on Mainland
Ey the Associated Press.


LONDON. Oct. 20.-Yugoslav
Partisan forces have smashed a
German sea-borne attempt tc
land troops on the Dalmatian
coast and two nearby islands IN
the Adriatlc, a communique is
sued by Drug Tito's headquar-
terS and broadcast by the Free
Yugoslav radio said today.
The landing attempts, the bulletin
declared, were directed against the
PelJesac Peninsula, which juts
northwestward into the Adriatic be-
tween Split and Dubrovnik, ano
against the islands of Hvar ano
Mljet. which guard the approaches
to those ports.
The YugoslaVS said the islands and
peninsula were firmly in their hands
The Importance Of the islands in
the Balkan picture was emphasized
by the increased activity in that
area.
A communique issued Sunday by
Allied headquarters in North Africa
told of a sortie by small British
craft between Mljet and DubrovniS
and said they withdrew undamagec
under fire from German shore bat
terieS.
Two Towns Captured.
Fighting on widely-Scattered main
land fronts. todays Yugoslav bull
letin said, was high spotted by the
capture of two towns by Partisan
forces-Bilece, IS miles northeast Of
Dubrovnik in Herzegovina, and Nova
Varos, northeast of Plevlje in Bos.
MIA.
Details OF sharp clashes between
the Patriots and German forces
were carried in the ccmmunique
(See YUGOSLAV, Page A-18.)
Evening star., 1943-10-20
Gen. Marshall Gives
Army Air Arm Status
OF Autonomous Unit
New Order Establishes
Principle Of Equality
With Ground Forces
BY the Associated Press

Equality of the Army Air
Forces with ground troops has
been established formally by
order of Gen. George C. Marshall
Chief of Staff, in a step which
appears to employ the principle
Of a separate air arm without an
actual enforcement.
A manual governing the COM
mand and employment of air power
in use quietly for three months, de-
scribes the land and air forces as
"co-equal and interdependent,' "
neither being an auxiliary Of the
other.
1t provides specifically that a the
ater commander must not attach
Army Air Forces to ground units
except when such units ARE operat-
| ing independently or are isolated by
distance or lack of communica-
tions"
Thus has been written plainly
into the War Departments field
service regulations a principle al
ready widely in use in this war
autonomy of air and land forces
with single theater to coordinate
their efforts.
The principle has been demon
strated in the Mediterranean, the
South Pacific and the Aleutians-
wherever, in fact, American forces
have been in major contact with the
enemy.
President Roosevelt, responding to
a Senatorial plea for establishment
of separate air force, said recently
that such a change at the moment
might be a serious impeachment to
plans already mapped, but added
that consideration is being given
constantly to the need for such a
revision.
He pointed out, too. that the chief
of the Air Forces. Gen. Henry H
Arnold. is four-star general, hold
ing rank equal to the chief of the
Land Forces.
The new rules provide that 1.-THE
(See AIR FORCES, Page A-18)
Evening star., 1943-10-20
Ten Utah Deer Hunters
Killed Within Four Doys

By the Associated Press.
SALT LAKE CITY, Oct. 2O.-A
posse started into snow covered
mountains at daybreak today tc
bring out the frozen bodies of Utah's
ninth and tenth fatalities in the
States 4-day-old deer hunting sea.
son.
Nine other hunters have beer
wounded and two are missing.
Another, William Hunter, 25, Of
Pleasant Grove. missing "a hours
was found late yesterday, with both
arms frozen tightly around a tree
He was hurried to hospital al
American Fork.
Evening star., 1943-10-20
) Navy Planes Missing;
Totul of 6 Aboard

BY the Associated Press.
BOSTON, Oct. 2o-Three Navy
planes carrying a total of six men
were reported missing by 1st
Naval District headquarters today
after night training flights from the
Naval Auxiliary Air Facility on
Marthas Vineyard Island.
The announcement said there was
a pilot and an enlisted man aboard
each of the planes.
Naval officials said an extensive
search was in progress.
Officials here said that because
Eavy flyers are equipped with float
ing gear for all over-water flights
authorities were not conceding the
men as lost.
The identities of the plane crews
were not made public.
Evening star., 1943-10-20
Army, Navy Approve
Service Lapel Button
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
Honorably discharged servicemer
and servicewomen soon will be
authorized e to wear Government
issued service buttons, Chairman
Walsh of the Senate Naval Affairs
Committee announced today.
He said the Joint Army Navy Per-
sonnel Board had approved the lape
buttons after he pointed out that
men of draft age who had been dis
charged from the armed services fol
physical reasons often were embar-
rassed because they could not weal
uniforms.
Evening star., 1943-10-20
Brazil Begins Selecting
Expeditionory Force
BY the Associated Press

BY the Associated Press
NEW YORK, Oct. 20.-Selection
.of troops for the Brazilian Expe-
dictionary Force will begin today at
two medical centers in Rio de
Janeiro, Brazilian domestic broad
cast recorded by the Federal Com
|munlcations Commission said.
Perfect physical fitness and
minimum height of feet S inches
will be required, the broadcast said.
Soldiers failing to meet these re-
quirements will be placed in "B"
category and held in readiness as
auxiliary troops" the announce
ment added.
Evening star., 1943-10-20
pictures on Page BIZ

The drive for a $4,000, 900 Com
munity War Fund spread from
business Offices to homes today
as hundreds of solicitors from
the Metropolitan Division of the
fund began ringing doorbells all
over the city.
The start of house -to-house can
vaSsing is the fourth and last phase
Iof solicitation to reach the District S
goal OF support for local agencies,
United Nations Relief, aid to pris-
oners Of war, and United Service
Organizations. Three other divisions
Evening star., 1943-10-20
Bank Deposits Here
Gain $50, ,490, ,208
Since June 30

Washington banks and trust
companies increased aggregate
deposits by s60,49O,2O8 in the
period from June 80 to October
18, it was learned today after
condition call was issued by the
Controller of the Currency.
The huge increase was mainly
due to Treasury funds still held
by the banks in connection with
the recent War bond drive.
They will be withdrawn by the
Treasury as needed.
Deposits in Capital banks on
October 18 totaled $714,870,7
compared with 1854, ,380,573 on
June 30. an all-time peak.
"Details in Financial Section.)
Evening star., 1943-10-20
Germans Deny Deaths
Of Roland and Herriot
By the Associated Press,

os lflt ASSUCIdlEO Pr6SS.
LONDON, Oct. 2o.-After deny
Ing last night reports of the death
OF Roman ROLAND, French author
and Nobel Prize winner, the Ger
man DNB agency today quoted the
Paris newspaper Petit Parisien to
deny that Edouard Herriot, last
president of the French Chamber of
Deputies, had died.
The DNB broadcast said Herriot
would shortly be transferred to a
home for nervous diseases in the
Paris region"
Both ROLAND and Herriot have
from time to time been reported to
be dead, in sanatoriums or in con-
centration camps.
Evening star., 1943-10-20
Nv WILLIAM H. STONEMAN

Dy WILLIAM n. S1ONEnAN,
Foreign Correspondent of The Star and
Chicago Daily News.
NAPLES, Oct. 10 Delayed -
There seems to be some confusion
about those receptions. many OF
them highly lethal, which the Ger
mans arranged for us in Naples.
The censor, for some reason best
known to himself, allowed CORE
spondents to mention two big ex-
plosions-flrst, the one that occurred
in the Naples post Office October 7
and the second, that which hap
pened October 10 at another place in
Naples and which was equally dam
aging
In allowing us to mention the post
office explosion. and the time it
occurred, the censor allowed us
to tip off the Germans that their
time bombs were working and
which particular ones worked best
and when.
The idea seemed to be that. II
Evening star., 1943-10-20
House-to-House Convossino
Begun in War Fund Drive
Three Divisions Report Collections
Of 36 Per Cent Of Districts Goal

Gifts, Business and
Finance and Government-have so
far collected sl,737,000, about 36 per
cent of the total
These three divisions will continue
to work in large business Offices as
the Metropolitan Division concen-
trates on residential areas. All four
divisions will meet for a general re-
port meeting at 1890 pm. tomorrow
in the Hall of Flags, Chamber of
Commerce.
Metropolitan workers were spurred
to their work today by the appeals
of Representative Judd, Democrat, of
(See WAR FUND, Page A-I8)
Evening star., 1943-10-20
Gestopo Executes 10
For Aiding Norweqiuns
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
STOCKHOLM, Oct. 20.-Execution
OF 10 Norwegians. accused by the
Nazis of being British agents train
ing Norwegian patriots for revolt
and supplying the underground with
British weapons, was announced in
a special communique by the Ger
man Gestapo in Oslo last night.
The communique limited at some
Of the operations of the under
ground, which is growing ever more
menacing to the Germans, who have
been forced to withdraw at least
10000 troops from Norway for the
defense of Europe.
Evening star., 1943-10-20
Vinson Speaks Tonight
In Radio Forum

Judge Fred M. Vinson, Eco
nomic Sterilization Director,
will speak this evening at the
general membership meeting
of the Washington Board Of
Trade at the New Willard
Hotel. His remarks will be
broadcast over the Blue Net
work as a National Radio
Forum presentation.
The National Radio Forum
Is a Blue Network feature,
arranged by The Evening Star
and broadcast locally over The
Evening Star Station, WMAL,
at 10:30 pm.
Evening star., 1943-10-20
RedsCdpture
Key Rai|City
OF Pyatikhatka
Lines 70 Miles West
OfDnepropetrovsk
Breoched by Drive
By the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
LONDON, Oct. 20. Unleash
ing a mass power drive which
preached the "impregnable" Ger
man defense lines southeast OF
kremenchug, Red Army troops
have captured the key rail juno
ton of Pyatikhatka, 70 miles
west of Dnepropetrovsk, to cut a
main Nazi escape corridor in one
of the bloodiest battles of the
great 1943 Russian offensive.
-Four crack divisions were routed
by the tank-Supported Russian at
tack, which rolled westward for from
9 to II miles yesterday to liberate
more than 100 towns, said a broad
cast Moscow communique announc-
ing the fall of Pyatikhatka.
More than 1900 Nazi officers anc
men were reported captured, and al
the end of the days fighting the
German garrison at Dnepropetrovsk
was left with but a single railroad
line running southwest to Nikolae,
on the Black Sea, severance OF
which would isolate the large Naz
forces crowded in the pocket of the
big Dnieper River bend.
MOSCOW dispatches said the
Nazis were hurting in fresh di-
visions of men, tanks and artil-
lery in an attempt to halt the
Red Army's flanking drive west
OF the Dnieper which menaced
the whole German position inside
the Dnieper River elbow. The
advance actually put the Reds
west of the Crimea, leaving the
Nazis in their worst position
since Stalingrad)
Much Booty Abandoned.
Huge amounts of booty were aban-
doned by the Germans at Pyatik-
hatka, which lies astride the main
rail line between Znamenka and
Dnepropetrovsk, the Soviet war bull
letin said. Fifteen loaded rail
way trains, 80 tanks, 172 guns ano
l 300 motor trucks were included in
the days bag, the Russians said.
Further Red Army progress was
reported north and south of the
Ukrainian capital Of Kiev. Here So
Wet troops completed the annihi-
lation of remnants" of MOTORIZED
Nazi units striving to prevent en-
circlement of the great stronghold
the communlque said.
South Of Gomel, southern anchor
OF the German defense lines ir
White Russia. the Russians swept
more Germans from the Dnieper-
Sozh triangle and further extended
their bridgeheads on the west bank
of the Dnieper below Rechitsa or
the road to Poland More than 2.8OC
German officers and men were slair
in yesterdays battles.
Demolition in Kiev.
Henry c. Cassidy, Associated Press
war correspondent in Moscow. said
advices from the Ukraine indicated
the Germans had started huge de.
molitions in Kiev. Tremendous ex-
plosions could be heard far east OF
the Dnieper, he said.
Forcible evacuation OF Kiev's pop
ulation of 100000 also was reported
by Mr.. Cassidy. According to the
Russians, he said, civilians are being
driven west along the road to Zhito.
mar in two groups, destined for slave
labor camps in Germany.
Weaklings unable to walk are be.
ing shot without mercy, the Russian.
declared. adding that between H..
100000 and 100000 residents O,
the Ukraine we're likely to xe exter.
minated by the Germans before the
end of the war.
Evening star., 1943-10-20
Richard Stundish Dies

MONTPELIER, VT, Oct. 20 [P.-
Richard Standish, SO, who claimed
to be the last direct descendant of
Miles Standish, died at his home
yesterday. He was postmaster from
1885 to 1910, retiring because of ILL
ness.
Evening star., 1943-10-20

the mountain heights controlling the
main lateral road west and north.
west from Vinchiaturo.
Much Stronger Resistance.
The Germans are Offering much
stronger resistance all along the 8tf
Army front, and obviously they
brought up fresh troops to aid the
tired troops in the line, some o1
Evening star., 1943-10-20
PIosmu Needed

Plasma is needed overseas.
Your blood may save a life.
Phone Red Cross Blood Donor
Center, District 5000, for an
appointment.
Evening star., 1943-10-20

See ITALY, Page A-18.D
Evening star., 1943-10-20

(see GALLINGER, Page A-l8.i
Evening star., 1943-10-20

(See CAPPER, Page A-18D
Evening star., 1943-10-20

(See BALLOU, Page A-6,)