davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1943-07-31
Italy Meyer "Aryan'

Italy was hardly ever any Of
the things she was called by
Benito Mussolini. The whole
Fascist program was a gigan-
tic fake. The world roared with
laughter when Mussolini pro-
claimed the italian people as
being Of the same racial strain
as the Germans, who called
themselves "aryans." Few races
are more mixed than the Itai-
ian race. Hitler, in his first
edition of "Mein KaInpf"-
The had to write other editions
to eliminate his scorn of the
Latins and Japsl plainly tells
how he feels about southern
Europeans including the Ital-
ians, whom he eventually fool
ed into the now tragic alli-
ance. MusSolini made two ire
mendous plumbers when he
adopted the Hitler pure race"
nonsense and then prosecuted
Italy's long established met-
chant-might, the Italian Jews,
who were SO wrongly slandered
by Shakespeare. Many Italians
in this country we're blindly
repeating propaganda against
the Jews. Today they will have
to blame Mussolini, and not
the Jews, for the fate OF italy.
Nor can Hitler ever blame the
Jews for any internal collapse
CT Germany. This whole prac-
tice Of race Indictment is false.
1t never has been justified.
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1943-07-31
lion OF JUDA" Sees
BENITO MUSSOLINI FALL

err happened. Today we know
why. Rome fell again. Rome
had neglected the church.
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1943-07-31
Rome Falls Again

Biblical students may flnd
many comparisons between the
kings of old African dynasties
and those Of Rome in italy.
Renito Mussoliai also thought
much Of these comparisons. He
thought he would be another
Caesar and own huge chunks
of Africa. He dreamed that the
Mediterranean Sea would be-
come an italian Lake" He
surrounded himself with Ital-
ian glories of the past and
contemplated a huge Latin
Bloc" taking in the mixed Eu-
ropeans Of Portugal, Spain,
France and Greece and thence
spreading to embrace Mexico
and the Latin American repub-
lies, all under the power and
glory CT Rome. II would be
ftalys greatest empire. Il new
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1943-07-31

the little King of Ethiopia has
lived en- to gasp in wonder at
his amazing prophecy.
The Western World 1--WE Of
the SNUG superiorities) has
laughed even harder at Nc
handus K. Ghandi, at what he
wears, what he eats and what
he breaches. If anybody be-
lieYes the world can safely
neglect the welfare of $50 mil
lion people Of India then
Ghandi is wrong, Mr., Wilkie is
wrong, and any further plan
ming for a decent post war
world is wrong.
What is apt to make In
dia'S position even more tragic
is the extraordinary consider
ations now being given the Al
lies to conquerored Italians as
well as other former enemy
nations who opposed us when
India was loyal.
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1943-07-31
Favor Our Enemies

The influx Of Italian and
German prisoners into cur
country will not, 1t is hoped,
serve as a medium Of spread
ing further into this nation
the poison doctrines of Fascist
and Nazi propaganda against
colored people and Jews, 1t is
not asking too much that we
be on the lockout for any
such internal sabotage which
could be ably supported by
certain citizens who call them
selves Americans, This might
be especially true if such Nazis
prisoners ever got on the loose
in the South. This is a posi-
bility that will continually ex-
list as long as we have among
us such organizations as the
Ku Klux Khan, the Silver
Shirts, and those who incite
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1943-07-31
CoIOred Sprinters
Help Gunder Hagg
Al Track Meet
BY ANsELMo KRUGER

10y aAh'Ng'-A@sfAO NA@N-
KNSD-Gunder Hagg was the
piece dc resistance Of the Inter
national Track Meet held at
Harvard Stadium on Saturday
Evening, July "a, and as such
an attraction he lived up to
everything expected of him. His
time Of 4;05.3 was the fastest
mile ever run by a man in the
United States. He ran so fast
that The Boston miller extraor-
dinaire, Gilbert Dodds who fin
iShed second to Wonder" Hagg
also broke the American out
door mile record when he ran
the mile in 4:06.5.
However, great as Hagg is and
was on Saturday he was not the
only fast runner in the Harvard
Stadium, because E d W a r d
Greenidge, the colored sensa-
tonal dash champion, ran the
100 yard dash in 9:6 seconds,
thus cqualling the fastest time
ever made in this event in the
renowned Harvard Stadium
where Colonel Edward o. Gour-
din, Commanding Officer Of the
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1943-07-31
HHnHnaEMHEanHEnanHaHHn
BEAUTY HINTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
SHAPELY LEGS
By NINA TEMPLE

If your legs are either too thin
or too thick they can be brought
into correct shape by simple
measure; If too thick, do lots Of
walking, wash them in salt
water and take broken doses Of
salts several days in succession
for a couple of weeks. II too
thin, then massage them with
olive oil for a month or more
until they are as shapely as you
desire. Be patient, and you will
be successful.
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1943-07-31
Lesson For South

Every race-baiting, superior
ity-preaching person in the
United States, especially these
in Dixieland, ought to profit by
the timely terminated career
Of Benito Mussolini. His end
could be their end. 1t should
be.
I have before me an article
dated October of 1885, eight
years ago, which finds Signor
Roberto FORCES Davanzati,
then member OF the Italian
senate and editor of the Fas-
cist newspaper, La Tribuna,
seeking to justify Italy's Sshort
lived conquest of Ethiopia. The
whole thing is plain senseless.
1t has no more sense than the
South'S reasons given for sub
jugating colcred Americans.
For example, eight years ago
Signor FORCES DavanZati
spread the poinson propaganda
that all Philippians we're beast
ly savages while Italy (Which
stabbed France in the back,
ambraced all the crimes of the
Nazis,s used the Pope for a
shield, and smashed all the
codes of honor and decency (,
nevertheless portrayed as a lily
white angel without sin. The
world was told that Italy con-
quered Ethiopia to educate and
morally uplift the Africans.
Today we can more fully APP
preciate the lies and hypocrisy
of Fascistic logic" whether it
comes from italy or Atlanta,
Georgia.
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1943-07-31

either the highest or second
highest mutuel play per day in
the history of Suffolk Downs.
Over the first five days of the
meeting the total paid attend
ance was 57,507 and the total
mutuel play $2,946,933. Last
Saturdays attendance of 20,397
and the mutuel play of $95O,583
made a total attendance of IT,
904 for the week and a mutuel
total of $3,897516.
The first weeks earnings in
dictate the total turned over to
War Relief Agencies from the
Is day meeting will be over
100000. The net earnings will
be distributed by the National
War Fund to the Greater Bos-
ton United War Fund and to
the Greater Boston Red Cross
War Fund.
The success of the meeting, of
course, is made possible by the
cooperation of the United
States Treasury Department
which by its approval of the
meeting of the National War
Fund Inc. waived all income
taxes on its earnings.
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1943-07-31
Suffolk Downs
Charity Meet

The Eastern Racing Associa-
ton, owners of Suffolk Downs,
acting as Agent for the National
War Fund Inc, announced that
the National War Fund Inc,
had earned approximately $780,
900 for the first week of the
three weeks of racing for war
charity, the greatest amount so
far collected by any American
race track for war charities.
The first week of War Charity
racing at Suffolk Downs was a
tremendous success, From Mon
day through Friday the National
War Fund Meeting daily had
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1943-07-31

372d Infantry of the u. S. Ar
my, just ~ years ago broke the
rs years old broad jump record
with a leap Of rs it, 3 ms on guly
%, 1921, and thereby became
the first human to broadjump
twenty-five feet or more.
Remembered too, is the Inter
nationally famous Ned Gourdin
of Harvard, now Colonel Edward
o. Gourdin, U. S. A.
Greeridge was the only double
winner since he also won the
220 yard dash. Another winner
was Edward ConwelI Of the Pr
oneer A. G. Of N. Y. OF which
Greenidge is also a member.
Conwell won the so yard dash.
Really, it was good to see all FIVE
colored young men chun their
egs in the $1,000, and 220 yards
events where they as the best
Sprinters in the East were the
only invites.
These FIVE included, besides
Greenidge, and Conwell, Herbert
Thompson, so yard A.A.U. cham
pion; Evlace Peacock, Penthath-
10y Champion Of the U. S. Che
is the best five event athlete in
the U, S. and zimi Cox the best
track athlete at Fort Deyens,
Mass.
Herbert Mckinley of Boston
College is the National Junior
44o yard champion but he had
to run Saturday at his best to
win. This he did.
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1943-07-31

Another colored point winner
was Pvt Bert Wallace of the
3e6th Infantry at Fort Devens,
where 1t is now Colonel" How
ard Queen of the U. S. A. This
soldier finished second to the
champion, John Mcfarland of
the Harvard Navy Supply
School, after running $50 yards
with a go pound pack, rifle and
helmet over the hurdles as OBJ
stacles. However, a colored SOL
dier won the most applause be-
cause he finished last and COL
lapsed at the finish instead of
quitting,
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1943-07-31
Woman s Department

riots in American defense cit
les and towns.
Our numerous favors to our
former foreign enemies might
well be regarded as an ideal
gesture provided these same
haters of our form of Democ-
racy would be appreciative o.
cur efforts. We hope they will
be, Nevertheless, many will set
tie here, secure jobs, be taught
to high-hat colored citizens
and eventually secure more
favors than we can.
The guardian. [volume] (Boston, Mass.) 1901-1960, 1943-07-31
Case OF India

Just as Halle Selasse's warm
ing to the League of Nations,
and the world, has now come
true, L believe that the oft re-
peated warnings Of that other
Eastern world prophet, Mo-
handus K. Ghandi, will also
come to pass, whether during
this war or after this war. For
the case of India and Ghanid
can not be neglected. The Wes-
tern World which laughed at
Evening star., 1943-12-28

ship, that the Government f,nally
relinquished control
Mr.. Wilson appointed William
Gibbs McAdoo, then Secretary of
the Treasury. as director general of
railroads. He served from January
l, 1918, to January IL, 1919. Two
months later he was succeeded as
director general by Walter b. Hines,
who served until the roads were
returned to private ownership.
Complete control was described as
war measure aimed to meet an
acute labor situation and difficulties
OF unified administration under the
Railroad War Board.
The Railroad War Board was the
popular term applied to the executive
committee of ascommittee on trans
portation and administration, which
Mr.. Wilson appointed as an adjunct
to his prewar Council on National
Defense This committee was head
ed by Daniel Willard, late President
OF the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad.
A Federal control act, passed by
Congress on March 81. 1918, to i'm
plement Mr.. Wilson'S seizure OF the
railroads, appropriated $500 900 900
for operation of the carriers. To
this fund were added the operating
revenues of the railroads.
Under the law President Wilson
could initiate rates, classifications,
regulations. etc. for the railways
During Government control the
railroads operated At a loss. The
deficit at the end of 1918 amounted
to $202, 1885, ,602, and that sum in
creased greatly later.
Evening star., 1943-12-28
stated to seek . change m the agree
ment which Is now made"

stated to seek 4 change m the agree
ment which is now made"
Members OF Congress who could be
reached for early comment on seiz-
ure of the railroads showed regret
that the President was forced to
move
Senator White, Republican, of
Maine, ranking minority member Of
the Senate Interstate Commerce
Committee, said, In the circum-
Istances it seems necessary thing
TO do. We can't permit the trans
portation system Of the country to
60 idle on us at this time"
Senator Thomas, Democrat, of
Utah. ranking Democrat on the
Senate Military Affairs Committee
said, I'm very sorry that it has to
be done"
Representative Ramspeck, Demo-
crat, OF Georgia. ranking ajority
member Of the House Labor Com
mittee, said, I'm sorry it is neces-
sary but it seems the only thing 70
do under the circumstances. The
railroads cannot stop. I think the
labor organiza tons made a mistake
in forcing the issue l believe they
have a just claim for wage increases.
but all groups in wartime should
subordinate themselves to the gen.
eral welfare"
In Chicago, railroad executives
generally promised cooperation in
an effort to make the plan work.
Fred G. Gurley, vice president Of
the Santa Fe system. said: Il be-
lieve that the plan as it is out
Evening star., 1943-12-28
Rail Seizure Background
Brief Chronology Of Wage Disputes
Leading to Presidents Order

with management calling for the 8.
cent increase, Notwithstanding Mr.
Wilson'S veto. This contract never
was made effective, in the absence
OF Government approval.
September. l943-The board in
the operating workers case recon
menoed an increase OF at least" 4
cents an hour for these employees
stating it understood that was a,
far as it could 60 under the Little
Steel formula. Mr VinSon approved
this increase, but it was rejected BY
the unions as AN insult"
October, l943-Mr. Roosevelt nam
ed a second emergency board to ex-
anime the incorporating case. Chief,
OF the five operating unions, meet
Ing in Chicago. voted to take a
strike poll among their members
Similar strike action was taken by
the "nonops.'
Compromise Rejected.
November, l943-The second emer-
gency board in the incorporating
case recommended compromise
sllding-scale settlement of 4 to 10
cents an hour increase. to which
Mr.. Vinson assented The unions
refused 1t. Senator Truman Demo-
crat. of Missouri offered 4 resolution
In the Senate to make the Scent
award for the ''nonops" effective
over Mr.. WILSON'S head. The Senate
passed this resolution. but it was
delayed in the House by the Christ
mas recess
December, l943-Both operating
and incorporating brotherhoods an
nounced their members had voted
Overwhelmingly to walk out. and
strike calls We're issued, to become
Evening star., 1943-12-28
BY the Associated Press.

Here is briet chronology OF
the t,CO railroad lUdge disputes
leading to Federal seizure OF the
carriers.
September. l942-The Is non.
operating protherhoods, represent
ing 100000 employees. asked wage
increases of 20 cents an hour.
December. l942-The five operat.
Ing brotherhoods, representing 350,.
600 workers, initiated a separate
wage increase case, asking a boos,
of 80 per cent. or SO day, which
ever might be larger.
January-February, 1943 - Direct
negotiation failed to bring agree
ment in either case and the National
Railway Mediation Board attempt
ed, without success. to effect settle
ments. Arbitration was rejected and
the two disputes went to two sepa-
rate emergency boards for testi-
mony and study.
March. l943-The operating case
was taken under advisement after
seven weeks of hearings in Chicago
May. l943 - The Incorporating
Fact-Finding Board completed its
hearings at Chicago and recon-
mended a fat increase for the nom
operating workers of S cents an
hour. retroactive to February l. l943
Blocked by VinsOn.
June, 1943-Economic Stabiliza-
eral Scent award as violative of the
national stabilization policy.
July-August, l943-The 'nonops"
appealed to President Roosevelt for
action, then agreed on a contract
Evening star., 1943-12-28
Seizure Of Railroads
During World War
Recalled by Order
BY the Associated Press.


President Roosevelts order plac.
Ing the railroads under Government
operation missed by one day the
26th anniversary of a similar order
issued by President Wilson Decem-
Der rs, 1917, which became effective
two days later.
Twenty-six months of Federal
control followed Mr. Wilson'S order
during which the Government as
sumed full possession of the roads
and responsibility for their opera
ton.
The control was evident in the
Administrative rather than In the
actual physical operation of the
railroads. Passengers saw little or
no evidence of change as regular
crews and equipment continued on
the job-the difference being that
they were working for the Govern
ment.
1t was not until February 20, 1920
and after hearings before the Sen
ate Interstate Commerce Committee
on number of plans for the return
Of the railroads to private owner
Evening star., 1943-12-28

brotherhooos, and after hearing
from the parties to the controversies
the statement of the issues upon
which they have been unable tc
reach a decision, it was agreed. BY
the carriers and the Brotherhood OF
Locomotive Engineers and the
Brotherhood Of Railroad Trainmen
that the issues should be determined
by me In accordance with the law
and that they would abide by MY
decision.
l. BY action Of the Stacy Emer-
gency Board, there was awarded to
the employees an increase of 4
cents per hour. which was not dis
approved by the stabilization di-
rector and is now being paid the
employees
?. The employees ask for an addi-
tlonal increase in wages based on
claims not presented to o. consid-
cred by the Stacy board or the
stabilization director.
;. They ask for the payment OF
time and half for time worked in
excess of 40 hours per week. The
Fair Labor Standards Act contains
a provision excluding employees OF
railroads from the provisions Of the
act.
/ Last May ! announced that I be-
lieved railroad employees should be
paid time and half for time worked
in excess Of 20 hours per week as
practically all other employees are
paid. This can be accomplished
either by Congress repeating the
exemption provision or by agree
ment of the employers and employees.
think it should be done by agree
ment.
1t has also been represented that
as to large proportion of the oper-
ating employees the eXigencies of the
railroad service and questions IN
respect of existing rules and prac-
tees create practical and admins
itrative difflculties in the appllcat ton
Of a strict overtime requirement. 1t
was also represented that payment
of time and half to some and not
regularly to all would create dis
ordinations
1t also has been represented that
by reason OF the character of theil
work these employees necessarily
incur heavier expenses when away
from home
After consideration of these rep.
reservations. determine that cent:
per hour. effective Immediately
: shall be paid as the equivalent of OF
in lieu of claims for time and hall
: pay for time over 40 hours and fol-
expenses while away from home.
f. Among the issues presented te
me was the claim for vacation pay.
I determine that employees shall
be entitled to vacation of one week
a year with pay at the basic hourly
rate of employment.
; 5. further determine that the
; increases in pay above recited shall
be paid until proclamation by the
President or declaration by the Con-
gress Of the cessation of hostilities
and that the agreement now arrived
at in time Of war shall be without
prejudice to rights Of either party at
the expiration of the date above
stated to seek change in the agree.
ment which is now made.
am advised by the economic
Stabilization director that the fore.
going determinations are in con-
.. formity with the national stabiliza
ton program.
FRANKLIN D. Roosevelt
Evening star., 1943-12-28
Railroads
Continued From First Page.)

Locomotive Engineers and Train
men had called off their strike after
consulting with MI. Roosevelt Mr.
Stimson announced that A. F. Whit
ney. president of the Trainmen, and
Alvanley Johnston. head OF the
Brotherhood of Locomotive Engi-
neers, had been appointed labor
consultants to Gems Somervell and
Gross
The railroad presidents already
have donned uniforms, but Mr.
Johnston and MI Whitney may not
be commissioned as officers.
Gen. Somervell said military
police, already scattered over the
railroad systems throughout the
country on regular assignment,
would not be augmented unless
necessary. and We hope We do not
have to call on the ground forces. -
But he said troops are in place
where they can be used"
The general added that in the
event railroad employees do not show
up for work, troops will work in
Army uniform at their present Army
rates of pay.
Mr. Stimson read a letter from
Evening star., 1943-12-28
Railroad Bonds Firm
Despite Seizure Order

NEW YORK, Dec. % (P,.-Seizure
of the Nations railroads by the
Government brought only slight dis
location to prices Of carrier obliga-
tions in today's bond market. Many
even advanced in the face of the
surprise move to take control, and
other corporate groups held steady
in early trade.
Consensus in bond circles was that
Government operation would ex-
tend only to the point necessary to
cover the legality of the seizure
and that the financial status of the
carriers would not be affected, at
least for the time being.
On that basis, traders and others
interested in railroad securities
showed no disposition to make hasty
sales and there was little evidence
that buying programs had been
altered in any important manner.
Evening star., 1943-12-28

Gen. H. H. Arnold, head of the
Army Air Forces, which he said
emphasized how serious a strike of
railroads at this time would be
Gen. Arnold said it would virtually
paralyZe the war effort Of the
Army Air Forces" would immedi-
ately halt the flow of Air Forces
technical supplies and drum gaso-
line and that 1t would exhaust the
domestic fuel supply within five
days, grounding aircraft. The air
commander said it would ultimately
stop all air operations overseas and
affect routine training activities.
In addition, Gen Arnold said. a
rail strike would create a shortage
OF materials for aircraft production
which could never be made up.
One days stoppage would lose
the country some 300 airplanes,
Gen, Arnold said.
Gen. Somervell declared stop
page would have similar effect
on other branches of the service
including movement OF troops at
home and to embarca ton points for
overseas assignments.
Mr.. Stimson SAID the railroad
presidents put into uniform were
on hand with the exception of MI.
Budd, who is ILL.,
The Army's nine service COM
mands were instructed to furnish
all security and administrative ar
Evening star., 1943-12-28
EXECUTIVE ORDER.
Possession and Operation Of
Railroads.

Whereas the continuous operation
of transportation service in the Ma
ton is necessary for the movement
Of troops, materials Of war, necessary
passenger traffic, and supplies and
food for the armed forces and civil
ian population, and is otherwise es-
Evening star., 1943-12-28

lined to me is the best under the
circumstances l am sure that all on
the Santa Fe system will do all they
can to make it work"
Charles NJ Thomson, trustee Of
the Chicago & North Western Rail-
road. said; 1T is most essential that
the railroads be kept running at
their utmost efficiency. We will CO.
operate
H. A. Scandrett, trustee of the Mil
Evening star., 1943-12-28
waukee Railroad, said: "The order

waukee Railroad, said: "The order
appears to follow the pattern Of Gov
ernment operation of the coal mines.
1t is unfortunate that the situation
has reached this point, but we will
do our job
Patrick H. Joyce, president Of the
Chicago Great Western Railway.
said: The Government seizure OF
the railroads is the safest thing to
do. To risk a shutdown for even
one day Is too serious to take for the
men at the fighting fronts and for
the public"
Evening star., 1943-12-28
Railroads Break All Records
For transportation Durinq '43

1T per cent more than in 1899. It
was more than one and three
fourths times the volume moved in
1918, the peak year of the World
War.
Passenger traffic jumped So per
cent in l943 above 1912, which was
twice the traffic of 1918 and nearly
four times as many passengers as
were carried in 1899.
Mr.. Pelley said that on the basis
of the present outlook freight traffic
is expected to increase between 2
and per cent in 1914, while an in
crease of between 10 and 20 per cent
is anticipated IN passenger traffic