davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1943-01-17

of hostages for every Nad killed. This
tended to check Mikhailovich and his
men, and understandable. The Nazi
massacres in Yugoslavia appear to have
been far worse than, for example, Lidice,
In Czechoslovakia. Mr.. Adamic writes
of an eyewitness account OF the slaugh-
ter of some 1000 men and boys between
the ages of Is and so, most of the male
population of the city of Kraguyevats.
For such horrors, Gen. Mikhailovich and
his men blame the Partisans.
In the face of this grim picture the
Yugoslav government-in-exile seems
particularly futile. 1t Is made up Of
various representatives of the old order,
who spend not little time quarreling
with each other in London. They had
shake-up the other day in which the
reactionary Foreign Minister, Momchilo
Ninchich, was replaced by another old
man, Premier Slobodan Yovanovich.
Any effect this change may have had
was wholly negative.
Captive Of London.
1t was announced that Gen. Mikhailo-
vich would continue as Minister of War
from within Yugoslavia. If the govern
ment-in-exile is captive of London, so,
In sense, is Gen. Mikhailovich. His
communication with the outside world
is through radio sending set brought
into Yugoslavia by the British. It is
operated under the direction Of British
intelligence officer and the messages sent
over 1t are subject to censorship In
London.
The British Foreign Office tried to
help put an end to the war within a
war but with little or no success. After
repeated suggestions to the Soviet that
something be done about the Partisans,
Russia came back with the answer that
naturally this was no concern of hers.
SINCE 1t was occurring outside her borders
ana since she had no control over the
Conintern which may or may not have
supplied the Partisan leadership. Thus
the Soviets maintained the same bland
fiction that has been convenient screen
In other parts of the world
1t Is possible that American diplo-
mats will try their hand at "conversa-
tions" looking toward an end to the
Balkan civil war. This has not definite
ly been decided on, but it is under con-
sideration. Every one agrees that
something must be done," but no one
quite knows what to do.
Any course is hazardous, but to do
nothing is also highly dangerous. An
glo-American strategy may decide on an
invasion through the Balkans to get at
Germany by the back door, 1t would be
extremely embarrassing, and perhaps
very costly, If American and British
troops had to suppress civil war before
they could move on the enemy.
tPrinted by Special Advancement with thu
D. Louis Rcst-Ddspsse
Evening star., 1943-01-17
Eisenhower
In the Middle
Continued From Page BID

Russian problems she would have taken
advantage of her plight of last summer
when the Nazis were moving fast against
.Stalingrad. Not only would this have
been a brilliant opportunity to conquer
parts of Siberia without too much effort,
but it also would have facilitated the
task of Herr Hitler; Marshal Timoshenko
could not have drawn literally on the
divisions and the planes of the Siberian
army.
But while Toxic has looked with an
obviously pleased eye at the difficulties
Hitler's generals were encountering in
Russia, the Japs' happiness is likely to
disappear If Tokio's military leaders
begin to feel that the present Russian
offensive, coupled with an eventual Allied
drive IN Western Europe, might sound
the death knell of the Axis. The jap
snese do not believe the Allies will worry
about their losses and let the enemies
in the Pacific go scotfree in the event
of a German collapse.
Even if such a thought could be de-
tected in the minds of some members
of the United Nations combination Of
power, there is no doubt that the present
military clique. including possibly the
Emperor, would have to go and that, of
course, does not suit the present leaders
of Japan.
Change Seen In Jap Attitude.
The horrors perpetrated by the Axis
ko nj rt,t1a
compared with the atrocities the Japa-
nese have been visiting on conquered
civilian populations and prisoners of war.
TOTO knows full well that whatever the
state Of mind of the Government of the
United States, public opinion in this
country will demand reckoning with
Japan. Hence, the passive and almost
friendly attitude of Japan toward Rus
sia will have to change soon.
Berlin has experienced some difficulty
In explaining to the German people why
Japan, a member of good standing in
the anti-comintern pact, does not attack
the Soviets. So long as the japanese
had spectacular victories against the
American and the British forces, it was
easy to explain that Toxic would turn
against Russias as soon as it had liqui-
dated the remainder of the American
feet in the Pacific and had conquered
Australia.
But that story no longer satisfies the
Germans. In spite of the strict censor
ship it is known in the Reich that the
American feet is far from being lqui-
dated and that Australia is less worried
about being invaded than it was few
months ago. Hence, the additional rea-
son why Berlin is pressing Toxic TO do
something spectacular.
The Japanese military leaders are able
men, even though sometimes their Stub
Evening star., 1943-01-17

to rescue long -beleaguered Leningrad.
The Russian siege Of the important juno
tion town of Salsk Is imminent-a siege
that could simplify the conquest of Ros-
tov and the victory In the Caucasus. But
tt is notable that the Axis still has it's
anchor in the Don River at Voronezh,
and still controls the strong central
front points of Rzhev and Vyazma, west
of Velikie Luki
The distances stretching before the
Reds in the Caucasus yet are great, but
the distance they have advanced they
have covered so quickly that now they
have to pay the customary military price
of speed. They have to reorganize their
supply SO that the forward march won't
outdistance the supply line.
Moving up Baku-Rostov rail line, the
Caucasus armies of the Soviet Union
gained in some points more than 100
miles during the week. They took
Mineralnye Vody and Georgiyevsk and
then they took Essentuki at the terminus
Of branch line Of the railway. They
struck as far west as the Kuban River
The advance is spread out so that the
Reds in the Caucasus operate 100-mile
front.
In the vanguard Of the victorious Cau-
casian armies are riding the 4th Co.'S
sack Guards-Kuban fighting men who
fell back from their towns and villages
last summer before the weight of the
Nazi offensive. These horsemen of the
steppes wear black capes and high fur
hats. Russian mountain troops, along
with the Cossacks, were given credit in
official reports for an important part in
the gains deep in the Caucasus Battle
front dispatches said they had planted
Evening star., 1943-01-17
Continued From Page BID

have had no vacation except infrequent
week ends and his hospital stay of three
months in 1941. His workday is 10 hours
long, from till 7; and his workweek Is
seven days-six in his Office and Sunday
at his home in Bethesda. He plays no
games, and his favorite recreation is
seeing people," of whom he never
tires
OF less than medium height, with a
stocky frame, light hair and blue eyes,
he gives an impression of being intensely
alive. He is fluent and magnetic pub
lie speaker. He has had two children,
both sons. The elder, Milo Randolph jr,
was killed in Montana train wreck In
1888. The younger, George K, is under
training as naval aviation cadet.
When Mr.. Perkins took hold Of his
present job about 16 months ago, the
staff consisted of two men, Mr.. Wallace
and himself. Today there is personnel
of 5000, of whom 1890 are in Washington
and 200 in the field, principally in Latin
America. Several of the key men were
drawn from the Agriculture Department,
including Mr.. Wallace and Mr.. Perkins;
the latter's right-hand man, Edwin w.
Gaumnitz, and the boards general coun-
sci, former st. Louisan named Monroe
Oppenheimer. But others were recruited
from the Bureau of Foreign and Do
mestic Commerce in the Commerce De-
partment, the United States Tariff Com
mission and the Once of the Co-ordina-
tor of Inter-American Affairs.
The boards structure was cunninelv
fabricated as sort of plywood of three
different layers of men. There are vet
eran Government employees, thoroughly
at home in the labyrinth of the Federal
establishment. There are practical busi-
nessmen, chiefly exporters and importers.
scores of whom formerly earned from
$4,000 to 100000 year. Finally there
is band of economists to supply theory,
research and analysis. Either group
would be helpless without the others, but
together they are believed to form a
tough and supple alloy.
Divided Into Three Shops.
The organization Is divided into three
shops-an ONCE of Exports, an Office OF
Imports and an Office of Economic War
fare Analysis. Their respective chiefs
are Hector Lazo, Morris S. Rosenthal
and William T. Stone. Mr.. Lazo, who
has recently taken over the post, was
born in Guatemala in 1899, served with
the United States Marines in World War
I, was graduated from Harvard in 1921
and was naturalized in 1928 He has a
long record as a successful international
merchant, and obtained previous govern
ment experience in food and grocery
sections Of NRA, the Department OF
Commerce and the Ofice of Production
Management. Mr. Stone was formerly
Evening star., 1943-01-17

ments between French and Axis troops
in the mountain chain running south
Of Pont du Fahs, 80 miles southeast of
Tunis, and French spokesman said
the French troops had made consider
able gains at the place called Karachou-
an, south of Pont du Fahs.
While the ground fighters marked
time, plans were made for better Allied
coordination in the air. Air Marshal
Sir Arthur William Tedder, vice chief
OF staff of the RAF; Sir Keith Park,
air vice marshal for Malta, and Air
Marshal Sir William Welsh, command
ing the RAF in North Africa-the three
high-ranking British air officials in the
Mediterranean - conferred, and their
meeting presaged three-way aerial at
tack against Axis forces. Commentators
in London said that If the conference
resulted In uniflcation of the air COM
mand,. the need for which has been
expressed in some quarters, one val
liable result would be that Allied flyers
could shuttle between eastern (Egyp-
tian) and western North African, bases
in relay bombings of Axis positions.
BIZ Flying Fortresses, operated by
Americans, had a 60 at Tripolitania
early in the week and
KoFnmel Still destroyed "a Axis air.
Holds Allies craft in the air and on
the ground at Castel
Benlto airfleld, 10 miles south of the
city of Tripoli. Fortresses also battered
"a
45o miles south Of Tunis at the juncture
OF the frontiers Of Tunisia, Algeria and
Tripolitania. Both the raids were cal
culated to irritate Marshal Erwin Rom
mel, commander Of the Axis Afrika
Evening star., 1943-01-17
Russian Front

The Russians pulled little tighter the
strings of the net in which they are
trapping the Axis forces In the Caucasus.
In everywhere but Russia the war is
almost at standstill
Along the Don and the Donets they
drew few miles nearer Rostov, which,
II 1t is captured, will be the great con-
quest Of the winter. They showed new
action around Velikie Luki and the Ger
mans reported new signs of an attempt
Evening star., 1943-01-17
Americas 58th War Week
10th Week of World War II
BY BLAIR BOLLES.


The Russians are still looking for that
second front in Europe, Admiral William
H. Stanley, United States Ambassador to
Moscow, said last week after he talked
for an hour with the Soviet foreign COM
missar, Vyacheslav Molotov. The Rus
slams American and British Allies yearn
for 1t, too. The second front in Europe
probably will mean that success has been
complete on the front in Africa. 1t will
mean that the Mediterranean has passed
to the control of the United Nations,
In months to come you can be sure that
q great sea and air fight will rage for
the Mediterranean. The map which ac-
companies this review is worth preserv-
ing so that this fight of the future can
be understood.
For the present the mud is thick in
Tunisia, and the war in Africa is almost
at a standstill On the Mediterranean
Axis ships still steam. The Reds bent
on undoing the Nazis' summer work in
the Caucasus, pressed forward across
that isthmus on a 100-mile front last
week so swiftly that foot soldiers follow
ing the tanks and motorized infantry,
had to go as far as 30 miles in one day.
Black-coated Cossacks swept the Ger
mans back and mountaineer battlers
planted anew the Red flag on peaks
which but few months ago passed to
the Axis, The wet jungle battle in
Papua brought new gains to the Aus
tralians and Americans squeezing the
OH AfI+ af fIA T..
anda. The dogged Chinese won Sinyang,
In southern Honan Province, from the
Japanese, who for almost four years have
been using this town as base of opera
tons.
Evening star., 1943-01-17

tives-that is, to give orders-to RFC.
The impression was left that If BEW
should see fit to requisition the entire
five billions covered by the bill, RFC
would have no choice save to obey. Sem
ator Danaher, Republican, of Connec-
ticut became so alarmed that he talked
of introducing an amendment giving
Mr.. Jones veto power over BEW direc-
tives.
The idea seems to have been dropped
after Mr.. Wallace and Mr.. Perkins
testified in rebuttal. They maintained
that policies regarding exports originate
by and large in the State Department;
that policies concerning private imports
are determined chiefly by the War Pro-
duction Board, and that BEWs function
is that of passing on these directives
to RFC. and of supervising their
execution.
Has "Screwbau" Aspects.
Probably no other agency excites such
opposite reactions as the Board of Eco
nomic Warfare. According to admirers,
its ruthless campaigns in the economic
area constitute brilliant conferences
ures against Axis total war, and add
signally to the chances Of victory. But
for conventional men BEW. particularly
with respect to its "unbusinesslike" pro-
cedures of strategic buying, ranks at the
top Of the Governments "screwball" es-
tablishments.
Sounder criticisms are that efficiency
and speed have been lost through de-
Capitalization, with decisions made in
Rio de Janeiro or Madrid instead of
Washington, and that the boards per-
sonnel contains too few production ex-
perts and too many international trades
men. Strange to remark, the severest
censure came from none other than Mr..
Wallace.
printed by special arrangement with the
6t. Louis Post-H Natch.)
Evening star., 1943-01-17

camps widened. Mr.. tAdamic says that
Information reaching him indicates that
some of the best, most idealistic, decent
and forward looking people In Yugo-
slavia" are in the ranks of the Partisans.
Their military skill no doubt has i'm
proved with experience. Whether in
telligently or not from the point of view
OF orthodox military science, they be-
heve in action, in immediate, day-by-
day resistance, paying no heed to con-
sequences" The Partisans were In
creasingly suspicious of the Mikhailovich
forces, believing that they were no
longer interested in fighting the Axis
but merely in bargaining for power,
perhaps even bargaining with the no
torious Quisling, Pavelich.
Complicating the situation was the
NaZi policy Of shooting fixed number
Evening star., 1943-01-17
u. S. Eyes Balkan Turmoil

Continued From Page BID
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-05-02
Market Gains
Under Lead Of
Steel Issues

NEW YORK. MAY I GNS)-The
stock market rallied today after a
hcSiiant start, as President RooSe-
Welt announced he would address
the nation tomorrow night on the
critical coal situation
Gains ran 10 more than a point
IN some leaders. and several repre-
sentative stocks reached new highs
for the year and longer.
StcelS were prominent on the
rise. Bethlehem and L. s. Steel
each climbing more than a point.
Similar gains were registered by
American Telephone and American
Car and Foundry. each al new
1913 peaks; Twentieth Century
Fox, and .llied Chemical.
Paramount and Warner Bros in
an active amusement group; In
tcrnational Telephone, United Air
craft. Standard oil Of New Jersey.
Standard OIL of California, Celia
neSe and Studcbaker all reached
new high ground.
Elsewhere fair-SiZed gains were
the rule, except for a few scat
tered issues.
Bonds improved with stocks
after a sluggish opening Rails
were down fractions a the start
but turned upward IN the second
hour.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-05-02
FINANCIAL CREDIT

If men of JohnStonS economic
views we're sent to the world s
most famous debating society
at Washington. d. c.. by Wash
ington State, the financial credit
Of that great commonwealth
might be heightened. Perhaps
unwarrantably, that state has
developed a reputation for be-
ing red" in the great invest
ing and financial ccnters of the
East, and the financial cost Of
this reputation was recently
measured in the retinancing of
the Puget Sound Power and
Light Co Of Seattle, which paid
a substantially higher rate for
money than comparable New
Hampshire utility paiu at APP
proximately the same time.
Johnston, in his address. gave
expression TO some fundamcn-
tails which through the years
have frequently been aired IN
this column. He made il clear,
for example. that under the new
complexities Of our dc1iCately
balanced economy under the
power age, what is best for the
country as a whole is best for
business. The reason for this
is that when all groups in labor,
agriculture and the service occu-
p2tionS are in balanced income
relationships, so that they can
fully employ one another. the
conditions are prnpiiious for q
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-05-02
List Arguments

While the opponents OF the
trade agreements fully realize
the value of foreign trade. they
argue that our economy depends
so little on exports that our do
mestlc consumption should not
risk impairment. Opponents say
foster and encourage exports,
but not at the expense of do
mestic consumption. No one
can quarrel with that theory.
Let's see how the foreign and
domestic welfare interlace.
Much attention is directed to-
ward the No. ] industry in Mich
igan - the automobile plants,
which produce more than one
half of the country's total pro-
duction II is alleged that the.
real question is whether these
agreements are beneficial TO the
country as a whole when they
enable more automobiles to be
sold abroad. but rctard such
interests as the bean growers
and the copper industry in the
Upper Peninsula. 1t is queS-
zion they say of selling less
automobiles in the Upper Pen
Ursula or more abroad. This con-
tentiOn luStlflcS ANALYSIS.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-05-02
Farmers Marker

Apples Baldwlns fancy. 81 2
% bu. No. !, Si.50ul.7a bu. Delicious
fancy, xfu425 hu; 80 !, s. ~ SO, No
2, ST SO: Mcintosh, fancy 50 50U4 bu.
No. /, $3Q325; 10. ?. $50; Northerr
Spys, fancy, SO 50Hi bu. No. !, s. q
g. 25; No. ?. 81 80; Jonathans, fancy, So p
20 bu.; No. /. Si.75 1925. No. ?. 81
30. Steeles Red fancy. SO 5Oaf bu.
40 l. $685. Is. 40. , 81 50.
LETTUCE AND SALAD GREENS
French Endive fancy. S225 5-lb. DoN
No. T.. Sl75. no. ?. 81.
VEGETABLES Beets topped No. !
- 2 30 bu No 81 o. Carrnts. topped
NJ. Si.5Oai - bu No. 3 81 %. Celer
root. No. /. S2u2 30 bu. Chiyes 80. !
81 doz Horseradish, fancy So hii. 80
l. 81 scat. No. 2, 81 30 Leeks. No. J.
81 so doz bchs Onions. dry. fancy
So So 50-lb sack No. I, 81 - 3.2j; No
3 S225 Onions. green. 80 /. 75c 70 ~
00k hens Parsnips No. J. A3U 3 30 bu
No ?. Si.75. Parsley root No. I, 81 % n
! 81 bu Radshes, red. dollhouse No J.
Slu1 p dor bchs. BLACK radishes SO. I
81 bu. Ruta bagas, 81 - IS bu Spinach,
No l. xl75 bu. Turrips, topped. No. J.
S3H3 50 hu.; No. ?. 81 Rhubarb. hot
house fancy. 5Ou6Oc 5.lb. box. choice
4Oc. small. 81 doZ bchs Vegetable oystert
No /. e0C 81 dOZ bchs
PLANTS-V Vegetables. i25 rat; flowers
EGGs- Large. S3al35O 3o-doz. case
medium. Sii ~ -.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-05-02
Presidents Power

The power of the President 10
negotiate reciprocal trade agree
rnents goes back as far as Sec
ton 3 of the Mckinley Tariff
Act of 1890. Section 3 of the
Dingley Tariff Act Of 1897 pro-
Vided that the President. in part,
might conclude reciprocal Con-
mercial agreements wi tho u (
Senate approval Several agree
ments were completed under
both of the above acts.
To require that all our trade
pacts be submitted 10 the Sem
ate for ratification would con-
stitute a catastrophe. II would
ruin the plan of rehabilitation Of
our foreign commerce and cur
tail the incentive to expand our
foreign trade. il would revive
the old log-rolling methods of
tariff making.
Michigan is predominantly a
highly-industrialized state. AL
though the contributions made
by agriculture 10 the states
total economy are important.
Michigan's great n dustries
have a vital stake IN foreign
trade. Losses of foreign mar
kets, or failure TO expand exist
ing ones, throw thousands of
men out of work and impair
their purchasing power. This al
fects the domestic markets TOR
local farmers.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-05-02
Detroit Produce

r APPLES Michigan bu crates L S
No. J. 2izin min unless otherwise stated
Northern Spys So 2bp q. So. steele Reds
S3.50ai Delicious, 50 so, Washington
box Delicious fancy. So-150s. 50 5Oq 4 90
extra fancy. 72-iass. Si75p5.25
ASPARAGUS -- California pyram q
crates. loose stock, medium to large fair,
50 so r. 30. poorer low a. 50 L. : No I.
loose 24-ib. crates, $500 3.s5. punched,
50 90
AVoCADos 49, California fats Fuertes.
2o.3os S27512 90. fair quality. 2is, 81 40
% 81
BEANS Florida bu hampers Plentimls.
81 30; fair 90 generally good, 81 10 ~ 3 %:
valentines 81 So poorer. lower: wax
beans XJH $50 Louisiana express receipts,
bu. hampers Bountifuls. SO 20. wax, s.
BROCCOlI-Pony crates: Arizona S7V
CABBAGE 49, Louisiana 5o-Ib. sacks.
81 So, Florida. S0-Ib sacks 80 SO.
+, CABBAGE SPROUTS Florida ~ bu.
CARROTS - California los Angeles
crates, 6-dnz SO 2j1 so. Texas Los An
geles crates. s-doz hchS., S37j
trimmed tops individually washed Golden
Heart A. So 50 ~ s 6s So 90 VI %: s-NNs.
$50; Pascal, 2is-f doz, $50, IS. $50 I,
CUCUMBERs - Hoihouse. Indiana has.
Fets. 2-doz. extra fancy, 81 %. fanny
3Ij; specials. 81 so IS; 80. !, So 30
Ohio baskets 2fs3us, fancy. 81
GRAPEFRUIT Texas Marsh Secdless
combination erade, ell sizes. wire bound
LETTUCE -Los Angeles crates Arizona.
Phoenix, ard california salinas district
MUSHROOMS 49, Ohio pint 25p27fsc.
Michigan quarts, 30 Doc
MUSTARD - Mississippi IN baskets
ONIONS Texas 50-lb sacks unclsssidea
yellow Bermudss 81 i5P3 oG mostly
oNIov SITS Michigan 32lo. yellows.
y
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-05-02
On the
Business
Front
b, ARD SCHULTZ
Tim.s Financial Editor

Detroit and Michigan seem
far removed rom The question
OF reciprocal tariffs and the
average citizen al these parts rs
ant 10 think that thsl mean
little 20 bum or h.> livelihood
The Detroit Board of Com.
merce has determined that quite
the opposite is true that for
eien trade n normal tsUcS sup.
plies 2 vital portion ot The busl-
ness which keeps Detroit fac
tories huUurC
In endorsing tho Reciprocal
Trade Agreement Act 'hc board
has The following 90 say on
the subject
Detro4, and Michigan has A.
much interest IN The Trade
Agreements Program as any
other area IN the country The
Importance of foreign trade TO
this section can best be judged
by the following facts
1-Detroit in peacetmc is the
Il largest United States pro-
ducer Of manufactured products
for export
C-Eight hundred industries m
- Michigan are engaged IN
exporting
During peacoumo one out
- Of every seven dollars spent
in this area Is derived from for
elgn trade sales
Necessity Of securing GER
r tam commodities that are
not obtainable in this country
for industrial uses.
The present Reciprocal Trade
Agreement Plan should receive
the approval of both Republic
cans and Democrats, says the
b. Of C.. because II Is sound
plan, based on economics rather
than politics.