davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1943-12-09
DIR. CLINTON TO
GIVE READING

A dramatic reading with char
acter representations, will be
presented by DR.. James Clinton
on Sunday evening at 8 O'Clock
in the Congregational church.
Using John Watson's 1.-The
Bonnie Briar Bush" as the ba sis
of the reading, DR.. Clinton i'm
personates the seven leading
characters of the romance. In
addition, he interspaces the
reading with vocal solos.
A clipping from a newspaper
in a city where Dr.. Clinton ap-
peared has this to say regard
ing the presentation: DR.. Gin
tons sympathetic Interpretation
of this classic was exquisite
showing another of his super
lative facets for instruction and
entertainment. Everyone pres
ent will long remember this cul-
tured and charming perfor-
nance"
DR.. Clinton is conducting the
preaching mission each evening
this week in the Conversational
church. No service will be held
Saturday evening.
The mission will arrive at its
climax on Sunday morninp
when the visiting preacher viii
preach and conduct the closing
service. Local music for the SER
vices and Sunday morning is be-
ing furnished by the choir Of
the Congregational church, anc
each evening. DR.. Clinton also
gives a vocal solo.
The program Sunday evening
is an extra contribution to the
week and is open to the public
as are all the other services Of
the preaching mission.
The thick billed parrot, nativ'
in the southwest, is the onl.
living native parrot in the Unit
! ed States.
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1943-12-09
ENROLLMENTS DROP

EnrollmentS in colleges and
other institutions of higher edu-
cation this year are more than
one-quarter below the 1910 peak
according to a survey made by
the U. S. office of Education OF
the Federal Security agency.
This years total of about l,
ITO, 800 persons is eight per cent
below last years figures. OF
those enrolled this year almost
one-quarter nave been assigned
by the armed forces for special
lied training.
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1943-12-09
WOODCRAF'T MEETS

Members of the Neighbers of
Woodcraft lodge had their reg
ular meeting on Monday even
ing, Mrs. Bert Slater was hostess.
Plans were made for the an
nual Christmas party to be held
on Wednesday, December IS, at
the home of Mrs. Charles
Schneider. There will be the US
ual exchange of gifts.
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1943-12-09
AT BRIDGE

Mrs. Jack Helmann entertain
eI at bridge on Tuesday evening
honoring Mrs. Kenneth FaXon,
who is her h~ouseguest.
Guests were Mrs. T. w. Trap
hagen, Mrs. J. W. Schubert, Mrs,
Charles EgneW, Mrs. John SWIM
die, Mrs. Gerald Shines, Mrs,
David Mann, Mrs. Garold Fish,
Mrs. Archie Grover, Mrs. Binone
Mallon, Mrs. H. M. johnson and
Mrs. Frank Highbaugh.
Mrs. Mann received high score,
Mrs. Swindle, second and Mrs
Hghbaugh, door prize.
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1943-12-09
MONTANA NATIONS

Members of the Montana Mat
rons club met for their annual
Christmas party on Friday
afternoon in the parlors of the
Congregational church. Table
and room decorations were car
ried out in red and green Christ
mas colors. A turkey dinner, pre-
pared by Mrs. Helen Sullivan
and ner assistants, was served
to members present.
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1943-12-09
REBEKAH LODGE

Members of the Alpha Rebek-
ah lodge held their regular
meeting on Wednesday evening.
Mrs. Jean Slattery was elected
lin. vice grand; Mrs. Lenora Ford,
lin, vice grand Mrs. Lenora Ford,
treasurer; and Mrs. Jessie Row.
land, secretary.
Plans were made for the an
nal Christmas party to be held
at the home of Mrs. Rowland on
Friday afternoon. There will be
an exchange of gifts.
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1943-12-09

defense Plants, Miss Neva
Fly talked on Labor" and Miss
Irma LII Heaton led a discussion
on the OPA.
Refreshments were served fol-
lowing the program.
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1943-12-09
BUSINESS WOMEN

Mrs. Mary Evans was hostess
to the members of the Hardin
Business and Professional Wo-
mems club at her home on Tues
day evening.
Miss Ena Mann was chairman
of the program, which consisted
of short talks on current topics.
Miss Verna SShaubel spoke on
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1943-12-09
E

Mr.. and Mrs. L. S. McAllister
entertained at their home on
Sunday. Guests were Mr. and
Mrs. James Sage, MI and Mrs.
Miles Thrope and Mr.. and Mrs.
Harry Stotts, all of Billings.
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1943-12-09
RAINBOW MEETS

Members of Hardin Assembly
No. 33, Order of Rainbow for
Girls, met on Tuesday in the
Masonic temple. Initiation was
held.
Following the meeting the
members from Crow Agency
presented an Indian program.
The skit was written and dir
ected by Worthy Advisor Lor-
raine Johnson, who announced
that the benefit program will be
held in the banquet room of the
temple on Saturday, December
10, at 9 pm. TIE program will
be the final effort to secure
funds for the Shodair hospital
for crippled children.
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1943-12-09
.ENTERTAINS CLUB

Miss Wanda Newkirk enter
tanned the members of the T. B.
W. club at her home on Friday
evening. Mrs. Mac Davidson was
a guest of the club. Members
present were Mrs. Mary Evans,
Miss Betty Bell and Miss Alta
Cochran.
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1943-12-09
STAR ELECTS

-
At the regular meeting on
Thursday, December l, members
of Jasmine chapter No. IS, Or
der of Eastern Star elected the
following Officers for the year
1914: Worthy Matron, Alice
SWindlc; Worthy Patron, Carl
Rankin; associate matron. Viola
Bair associate patron, Russell
Danielson; secretary, Lillian
Morrison treasurer, Gladys
Rhinehart conductress, Velma
Henderson; associate conduct
reSs, EStelle EvenSon.
During the counting of ballots.
Mrs. Ruth Ping reported on the
General Grand Chapter held re-
Gently in Chicago.
The program following the
meeting carried the theme
"Comradeship". 1t consisted of
Introductory remarks by CHAIR
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1943-12-09
North Valley News

Mr.. Pete New was honored
Saturday night at a birthday
party, given by Mrs. Rueben
Bastron and children, Mr.. and
Mrs. Earl Laughery and daugh-
tiers, and Mr.. and Mrs. Walt
Kurtz and children. Monopoly
was played. with Mrs. Kurtz and
Mrs. Bromgard winning high
scores.
Elizabeth Carper made a bust
ness trip to Billings Wednesday.
TIE next meeting of the Sun
shine club will be held at the
home of Mrs. Walt Kurtz,
Thursday, December Is, with
Mrs. Kurtz and Mrs. Earl Laugh
cry as hostesses. This being the
last meeting before Christmas
the members will exchange gifts
as is done annually.
Melvin KurtZ, who is attend
ing school at Bozeman, spent a
short vacation at the nome or
his parents, Mr. and Mrs. Walter
KurtZ.
Miss Dorothy Sumida called at
the H. A. Williams home Friday
afternoon.
1t is reported that Mrs. John
Kline. a former resident of the
valley, recently underwent an
operation, and is recovering sat-
isfactorily.
Mr.. and Mrs. Ted Dumler and
Leslie were Billings shoppers
Monday.
Mr. and Mrs. Merle Bowers
returned home Friday after
spending a couple of weeks Wis
iting at the home of Mr.. Bow
ers parents at Toston.
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1943-12-09

man Lura P. Strand and an ad-
dress by the guest speaker, Rev.
Gordon WinSor.
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1943-12-09
MORE CANNED GOODS

Increased supplies of canned
pineapple, canned grapefruit
Juice, asparagus, corn, pumpkin,
spinach. tomatoes, beans and
figs will reach retail markets
within a few weeks, the War
Food Administration announced
recently.
These are supplies owned and
held by the Gamers, but set a.
side for government purchase,
which have been released for
civilian consumption.
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1943-12-09

The thick billed parrot, native
in the southwest, is the only
living native parrot in the Unit
ed States.
Henderson daily dispatch. (Henderson, N.C.) 1914-1995, 1943-12-27
Plight of Disabled Vet
Already Is u. S. Problen,

IN not sure you can take ci,bcr or
."eSe creatures out Of Your incn,,'
YAK. Though they might br :, dnnJ
los at that. "e'"
nope the girls don, wcor ,boso
W"e,brgonc Ellis Island "roscinnl
tors now in vogue with their nimi,'
froDicmS of today as EXPRESSED :,
DOCKS seem Ia he experience, nT r..',.
ana thoughts on peace. The n,Ih,ish.
CTS ana authors are wnaneinp o,,i
Sucn volumes with the rccI;lrSsrnss
o. Il now bus driver making a suGGn,,
turn. ""'''>'l
One of the problems of ;hc d,y
N"l Touched on in the CHRISTMAS
DOCKS. is What is 10 be dnnr ,,,i,t,
me war veterans .lrcauv di.rh,.,.d
from hospitals who are unable tn
liSh' ana unprcparcd 10 work."
some members of Congress have told
me thry are receiving letters daily
S'EihG This thing had better be
io"htd INTO nj once. We don't vnnt
"'o'il'r bonus march ON the capitaI :"
After the last war. wounded mo-,
were Kept III the hoSpit Is almost ia,
'".iS i'll some cases. II is the hospitali-
"a'inn policy OF this war 10 ,;hnriru
IL" hospital stay rs mitch as uos,ibIc
Henderson daily dispatch. (Henderson, N.C.) 1914-1995, 1943-12-27
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

F.. F. S: Is there any Known
cure of treatment for gailstoncS
Answer: Certainly. The only
sure method of complete cure is
by operation. but it is one of the
safest and most frequently per-
formed in surgery. Many cases,
however. can be carried along un-
der medical treatment which in
cludcS a murniu" dose of salts be-
fore breakfast and a mild diet
with occasional us" Of Il hot water
bag over the cGrc of the right
riOs When the att%c,; -: lid.
Henderson daily dispatch. (Henderson, N.C.) 1914-1995, 1943-12-27
FDR 10 CLARITY
Hershey McNutt
Relations Soon

Washington. Dec. 27.-(AP)- An
executive order probably will be
issued before the end of the year
clearing up the relationships which
are 10 exist between War Ilanpoycr
Director Paul V, McNutt and Selcc-
tive Service Director Lewis 3. Hers
hey, under the new father-drart act.
That act. drawn 10 put prcwar
fathers at the bottom Of the draft
pool. also abolished WINGS super
vision over sClcctivc service.
President Roosevelt. who has said
he does not feel this administrative
change will make for efficiency. told
his news conference today that he
and Hershey nd worked on the exc
cut!vc order n White House get
together yesterday, and that il would
DC completed shortly.
Henderson daily dispatch. (Henderson, N.C.) 1914-1995, 1943-12-27
Treatment If I'inworm

So treatment consists of: (ll
Soothing d"wn the pcri-anal skin
and killing all the parasites en-
bcddcd there. CD Changing the
sheets every night for Il week. and
boiling the used sheets for ut lrass
ID minutes.
y dilute solution (halt and halr)
of tincturc of iodine should ps
Swahbcd ON the skin around the
anus, ANA then the inilamcI part
covered with cahnitol ointment or
some other soothing salvc. Repeat
every other morning for . week.
CD Rid the intestinal tract of
the parasites. The best drug for
this Is gentian violet Medicinal in
the form of Seal-Ins on Enscals,
coated tablets. The dose is one
sixth Of a grain for every year of
age, daily until relief is ar
nounccd. The treatment should he
given to all infected persons in
Il family or cnvironmcntal group
and even 10 suspects. Otherwise
there will be repeated infcstation.
Henderson daily dispatch. (Henderson, N.C.) 1914-1995, 1943-12-27
YAM PRICES FROZEN

Washington. Dec. 27.-(AP)-As-
sorting it was acting AT the request
of growers and shippers in the trade,
the office Of price administration TO-
day irOZc prices OF sweet potatoes
al all levels from country shipper
through retailer.
Effective Immediately. the prices
arclroZcn al the individual sellers
high for the iive-day period from
December II through December 81.
OPA said prices al terminal mar
kctS have been spiraling upward
while country shipper levels have re-
mai"cd comparatively steady.
Henderson daily dispatch. (Henderson, N.C.) 1914-1995, 1943-12-27

ably due TO the wartime disioca-
ton oil home life so children arc
left ut home to shift for them
selves.
The pinworm is an ANNA! para
site which inhahitS the human in
teStine mostly uf children. 1t is
extremely small, about tie length
and diameter, as the name I'M
plies, of AN ordinary pin from
which the head has been removed.
To combat the infection, the
parents should get it out of their
heads that all you have to do is
give" the child Il medicine and all
the trouble will be over. AS in the
case Of most intestinal PARASITES
cure Is Il full time job FOR sew
eral weeks and requires several
different mancUvcrs.
knowledge of Parasite
1t also depends on knowledge
OF the life history of the parasite.
The pinworm adults live in the
first part Of the large bowel of a
child and in the appendix.
Often they crowd the appendix
so that the symptoms resemble
appendicitis and the appendix has
to he removcd> When the female
Is about to lay her eggs she lets 90
her hold on the bowel mucosa and
migratcS down the intestine,
emerging through the anus and
laying the eggs OF the skin
around the anus. These cause in
tense itching. which is the sign
that usually calls attention TO the
possibility Of p;mwora infection.
Henderson daily dispatch. (Henderson, N.C.) 1914-1995, 1943-12-27

AS soon as soldier is DISCHARGED |
from 4 hospital, government pay To
ms Wiie and children stops automa-
ucalIy. And the poor fellow. often
crippled IN body and distressed i'm !
>E.ri,. - turned loose L the lob of
making living III t.!I civilian vo-,I
he only half remembers. Often he
l'ndS mis- old job gone and il docs
happen sometimes that h" I.,cr,lr
mas no place 10 60.
heard of veteran of this war
a recent psychiatric case discharged
from west coast hospital, who dis
appeared. Ills family in the east cam
not trace him. His wife and children
are in need of money.
The man is wandering among pco-
pie no longer Interested in him be-
cause he is not in uniform, The nun
Der "l SHch StrayS is, of course. in
significant compared with the throng
mat VIII Sool be ruddcrlcss.
This may be q dangerous policv
especially IN the cases of men VIM
are mentally depressed. II is likely
mat such convalcSccntS may figure
IN quarrclS and fights OF all sorts.
50 one oi my wise friends tells me.
'''" VIII III BECAUSE any man who
Tor months has been trained To kill
as soldiers must kill if they would
survive will automatically strike who
ever gets in his way.
Former Governor All NJ. Landon
can do IA bliihc Vicnncsc waltz.
danced with him myself the other
night NJ Friendship al one Of Mrs.
kpaiyn Walsh McLcan'S exciting din
ncr parties. The governor looked de-
lmitcly in the pink" (Notc phrase
IN The pi:k,' proving that Anglo
American understanding is having its
better Way.)
Tho former Republican presidential
nominr" pretended u certain mdcsty
about his dancing. He protested that
he E"i out of breath ON the 18th
twirl and dared Supreme Court jus
tee Stanley Reed To on; step him.
! regret Ia say that Justice Reed
declined the challenge. Just u case
.! X nSas ont doing Kentucky sup
pose.
Henderson daily dispatch. (Henderson, N.C.) 1914-1995, 1943-12-27

Dr. Clcndcning viii answer
questions Of general interest
only, and then only through
mis- column.
Henderson daily dispatch. (Henderson, N.C.) 1914-1995, 1943-12-27
Re- 2-..> ,LENDENING, NJ. d.

1 HAVE HAD about fifty let
tiers from widely different spots
asking for treatment for rinworm.
Its widespread Incidence is prob
Henderson daily dispatch. (Henderson, N.C.) 1914-1995, 1943-12-27
lreofing Parasites
milne ~!ntestines

Then the child scratches. gets
as In%crnails full of pinv,rm
eggs, puts It's fingers in its mouth
ahd swallows them and rc-inlcsla.
t.Un occurs.
Henderson daily dispatch. (Henderson, N.C.) 1914-1995, 1943-12-27

Washington husbands are ho1:ra
their wives didn'; aS!. for one of ,ho:%
new platinum mink coats gnr Christ
maS. Honest brown mink isn't what
il used To be. What's Il mere S.. qua
for Il fur coat when initiation has
one loot in the door?
So, get yourScl! u platinum mink
You can pick up one fur ST. 900 o..
wanglr that one and only whit.
mink. now "living" in nanozinr
picture on the slim back = a model
Henderson daily dispatch. (Henderson, N.C.) 1914-1995, 1943-12-27
BY HELEN ESSARY
Central Press oi,lmniSt

Washington, Dec. 27.-rhr hard
liquor shortage that keeps the ma
tional spirit low can he managed.
50 some hotel people say. by ration
ing. Not rationing the liquor. Ra,iol-
ing the drinking hours.
For example, permit no drinliion in
public places except during certain
periods. Possibly between T. and y.3O
in the afternoon and ) and 10 o'cIucI;
in the evening.
rs that Late drinking. that nnst-
midnight drinking, that dcplyt,s the
liquor supply, say the hotel urpnIc
And lowers the standards of bcha,, ion,
>uy the mOraliStS.
The Daily Alaska empire. [volume] (Juneau, Alaska) 1926-1964, 1943-05-08
70 YEARS AGO {f'fTrE EMPIRE
MAY Z, 1923

7.
organization
the
Thee
w. L. and Attorney
Rustgard
timber lands
vicinity had Is under the
direction of JP
vessel Chukotsk the Olaf Swenson Company fur
parents young choomates
of he
the steamer Admiral
Rogers to her family in Pitestone MINI
Torkelson
plane school hours flew
Juneau She only had the
teacher travel from her work to her
distinction of the
Northbd departure
rom headquarters Kechikan
Miss Marie Godsein the steamer Queen for
University California the
previous
Company left Juneau
masonry the
canney that place
variable maximum
a a o
The Daily Alaska empire. [volume] (Juneau, Alaska) 1926-1964, 1943-05-08

organization extending from coast
to coast adjustments favorable to
families will be made. Through war
emergencies the general good, will
be ultimately attained The under
privileged will be benefited. and the
privileged will be disciplined
INTERNATIONAL AFFAIR
Warning is given that fifth COL
umnists will find the political field
fertile for the planting of poison
Gus seeds. Danger from partisan
prejudices and personal ambitions
is forecast. Astrologers remind the
nation that silence is golden in time
OF war when the spoken word has
devious possibilities. Free speech
when misdirected may be as dew
astating as bomb in munitions
factory.
Persons whose birthdate it is have
the augury of year of extending
friendships and memorable exper-
fences. Romance may interfere with
important responsibilities.
Children born on this day prob
ably will be artistic and especially
gifted. Many may have psychic
powers.
Z ~ copyright, l943)
The Daily Alaska empire. [volume] (Juneau, Alaska) 1926-1964, 1943-05-08
Wild Game Is Worth Protecting
anchorage Times

Although presently the Federal government must
war, the day will come-soon hope-when the
it must have.
One of greatest natural resources faces ex-
termination unless proper for its conserva
ton and management are drawn we'll in advance.
That resource is the wild game.
Until recent years few regulations have been
necessary The population has been scant and the
inaccessbility of the game has made hunting diff
cult. Depletion from predatory animals has been as
serious problem as any possible depletion from
human meat-hunters.
But this situation has changed with the spectacu-
lar increase in Alaskas population Arplane
transportation from the States will doubtlessly bring
the east coast of the nation within few hours of
such hunting grounds the Kenai Peninsula. 1t is
essential that authorities plan now for postwar
influx Of big game parties ..
Waterfowl hunters in hushed voices, have been
known to disclose proudly to their closest friends
SO thick that they brought down many more than
the bag limit.
In Southeast Alaska. men with small boats have
been known to bootleg wild meat by Strengthening
deer in the tmbered wilderness and towing the car
cases to port behind their boats.
These violations of present game laws must be
made shameful among Alaskans For, to be effec-
tive, the enforcement of game laws must be just in
telligent, well planned and popular. The benefits
must be understood and the people must regard the
man who boasts of killing II brown bears in one
season as a public enemy and disreputable skunk.
The Daily Alaska empire. [volume] (Juneau, Alaska) 1926-1964, 1943-05-08

fic moves much better the nice packed snow in
winter than 1t does the mud IN summer.
Signal declares; I'VE estimate that the con-
struction of the road will take at least 10 years.
A cartoon accompanying the article shows AM
ercan soldiers starting out on the road to Alaska
and arriving 10 years later as bearded old men, The
caption under the cartoon says: In 10 years the
first truck with the promised help arrives. 1t
at time when the guns have been silent again for
a long while and after the present war has paved
the way for a New World Order in which there is no
longer any need for material
Said Gen. O'Connor in message to his men
on the article:
II am calling this German propaganda to the
attention of the officers and men of the Northwest
Service Command for two Iii the first place,
it demonstrates that ours an undertaking of which
the enemy has taken cognizance Secondly, it shows
that the enemy believes we cannot accomplish the
job successfully.
There would be transcontinental railroads
in America pioneer forefathers would never have
crossed the plains, Washington would never have
crossed the Delaware River if cries of 1T can't be
done. had been needed"
The Daily Alaska empire. [volume] (Juneau, Alaska) 1926-1964, 1943-05-08
MONDAY, MAY 10


Benefic aspects rule today which
should be fortunate for the Navy
and Army Forces. There is threat
ening sign for labor.
HEART AND HOME: In the
high birthdate for 1913, girls will
be as numerous as boys. In pre-
vious wartimes boys exceeded girls
in number. Thus Nature will APP
pear to accept the equality of the
sexes. Young mothers are to be
carefully educated in the care Of
children and the nation will pre-
pare to guide and safeguard the
rising generation. Outbreaks Of juv-
emile delinquency will be ultimately
fortunate, the seers prophesy,, be-
cause thus the necessity of state
protection for rising generations
will be emphasized.
BUSINESS AFFAIRS: AS the
great volume of production swells
from month to. month financial af-
fairs will occupy Congress. The
stars presage good fortune for mer-
chants and manufacturers of every
class However, there will ber short
Interruptions of work in industrial
plants, due to misunderstanding
encouraged by secret agencies not
all Of which are Of foreign origin
This month will show marked in
crease of excitement regarding our
part in the war: 4 FL
NATIONAL ISSUES: Need OF
women volunteers for military, ma
val and civilian war service will be
emphasized by the Government and
American girls will be criticized
for slow response to appeals for aid.
although this month will show
marked increase in. enlistments. The
seers foreteli that before the end Of
the war our women OF all ages will
achieve amazing success in all lines
Of work in which they have not
been previously trained. Through
The Daily Alaska empire. [volume] (Juneau, Alaska) 1926-1964, 1943-05-08

railroads are doing grand job
there is no overlooking the TACT
that the burden is proving too
heavy
Most serious is the situation in
westward freight traffic. The coun-
try,s railroads were built with the
idea of moving traffic eastward,
with bigger facilities as, traffic
moves east. But today, with a Pa
The Daily Alaska empire. [volume] (Juneau, Alaska) 1926-1964, 1943-05-08
T0NSGARD FUNERAL
..d SERVICES TUESDAY

Funeral services for Grace Alice
Tonsgard, l4-year-old daughter of
Mr.. and Mrs. Morris Tonsgard of
Juneau, will be held next Tuesday,
May II at 2 p. m. in the Memorial
Presbyterian Church.
The Rev. Walter A, Sobolef will
conduct services, with interment in
the Evergreen Cemetery.
The young girl died here April
% after long illness. Funeral serv-
ices have been pending awaiting the
arrival of brother, in school at
the Wrangell Institute. Surviving
brother are Perry, George, william
and Richard Tonsgard.