davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1943-04-14
Italian Base Of Spezia
Attacked by Raj
Planes From Britain
First Raid on Northern
End Of Italian Empire
In Two Months
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
LONDON, April ID. British
home-based bombers last night
heavily attacked Spezia, naval
base in Northern Italy, in the
frst raid on the northern sector
OF Premier Mussolini's empire
since February IA.
Spezia is on the Ligurian Sea,
about SO miles southeast of Genoa
on the west coast of Italy. 1t was
bombed twice in February by the
Raj.
Other Raj formations followed up
last nights assaults by raiding OBJ
jective in Northwestern Germany
at dawn this morning.
Three Bombers Missing.
Three bombers were reported
missing from the 1900 mile round
trip to Northern Italy and the raid
on Germany.
The raid on Spezia was the 43d
attack on Italy by Britain based
RAF bombers since the start of the
| war.
Yesterday hundreds Of Allied
| fighters and fighter -bombers flew
over the English Channel for more
than three hours to strike airields,
railway yards and warehouses in
occupied France, Holland and Bel
gium.
French Targets Attacked.
English, Australian and Norwegian
Spitfires swept the LoWlands and
France during the day to shoot
down two German fighters, while
other squadrons, including two Can
adam units and a Fighting French
group, escorted Ventura bombers on
attacks at Abbeville and Caen. in
France, where hits were scored on
railway yards.
Fighter -bombers also dropped ex-
plosives on Brest and St. Omer in
Northern France.
Three Allied fighters were lost in
| the actions.
Evening star., 1943-04-14
$1,000 Grants 10 10 Artists
Announced by Damrosch
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
NEW YORK, April 14.-Dr. Wal
ter Damrosch, president of the Amer
lcan Academy and the National In
stitute of Arts and Letters, yester-
day announced the awarding of ST.
600 grants to 10 persons in the fields
Of art, music and literature.
The awards, given annually by the
academy, were won by:
William Schuman, music professo,
at Sarah Lawrence College; Pau
Creston, composer; Bruce Moore
sculptor, who won the Widener Me-
mortal Gold Medal from the Penn
sylvania Academy of Fine Arts, and
Gertrude Lathrop, cited by the Ma
tional Association of Women Paint
ers and Sculptors.
Also Isobel Bishop, painter and
etcher; Hugh Ferriss, architect: Car
son McCullers. author of The Heart
Is a Lonely Hunter: Jose Garcia
Villa, poet; Virgil Geddes, play
wright and author of Decisions Be-
fore Battle and Joseph Within,
Polish author The awards will be
presented May IL.
Evening star., 1943-04-14


tant," he asserted and "Berlin's
propaganda doesn't waste its time
on things which Hitler and Goebbels
think are unimportant."
He argued that the whole course
of the war would have been changed"
if South American countries had
furnished the Axis with air and
submarine bases. They didn't do
that, Mr. Rockefeller contended, be-
cause of this trade policy.
Mr.. Reed, however, called it plain
bunk to say trade with other coun-
tries cements relations. He said the
United States shipped potential war
materials to Germany and Japan in
the past, and now, instead of
friendly relations, our boys in the
fox holes are getting it back, in the
neck"
Evening star., 1943-04-14
Pun-Americun
Continued From First Page.)

worked out system for continental
defense against aggression and con-
tinental mobilization Ito defeat the
promoters of that aggression" the
President said.
Message Raises Speculation.
Observers Immediately speculated
as to whether Mr. Roosevelt might
be implying that such a mechanism
and such a system, on broader
scale, might we'll be worked out by
the United Nations to maintain
peace in the postwar world.
The increased emphasis on OBJ
servance Of the day, meanwhile, was
manifested throughout the Amer
icas in programs varying from
formal religious, civil and military
ceremonies to parade, fiestas and
ship launchings.
Major feature of the Washington
celebration is to be an address to-
night by Secretary of State Hull
before the Unions Board of Gov
ernors. The Schola Cantorum OF
New York will give a concert in the
Hall of the Americas.
At Miami, sea and aerial gateway
between the Americas, Army, Navy
and marine units will join in parade,
with addresses at rally and fiesta
paying tribute to the republics and
their union.
Ship launchings slated for the day
honor American heroes The wife
of the Brazilian Ambassador to
Washington, Sonora Martins, is to
christen a vessel named Jose Boni-
facio, after the noted Brazilian hero.
Ships to be launched in Texas and
California are named after Benito
Juarez and Miguel Hidalgo of Mex
leo and Simon Bolivar, the great
South American liberator.
Other Republics Celebrate.
Philadelphia Pan-American As
sociation planned Luncheon honor
ing that city's Latin American con-
suls, and other celebrating cities in
clude Baltimore, Cleveland, st.
Louis, Buffalo, Memphis, Hartford,
Minneapolis, Tacoma and Galveston.
Reports from other American re-
publics indicated similar plans for
observance Of the holidays peace
and-war-unity theme.
The holiday itself commentaries
the day in 1890 when the first inter-
national conference of American
states assembled in Washington and
drafted resolution which resulted
in creation of the American
Union.
It's observance became general fol-
lowing proclamation Of the good
neighbor policy" and the series Of
recent inteI I-American conferences.
Evening star., 1943-04-14
Pacific
Continued From First Page

that the battle of the Western Pa
cific will be won or lost by the proper
application of air and ground forces.
tIn Melbourne, Australian Prime
Minister John Curtin said the Jap
anese apparently are contemplate
ing further attacks against New
Guinea and the Solomons."
c"The japanese have no other
theater of action than the South
west Pacific at present" Mr.. Cur
tin said, "and it would be sheer
illusion to assume that recent re-
verses fundamentally changed
japanese war plans. What they
have done is to cause Japan to
realize her attacks need to be on
heavier scale.D
Two Jap Ships Blasted.
| Gen. MacArthur's statement came
during a lull in the new Japanese
aerial offensive, during which Allied
airmen blasted two enemy ships in
Hansa Bay on the north coast of
New Guinea. probably sinking one
of 10000 tons and firing another of
5000 tons, and struck at other enc
my bases above Australia.
The raids gave point to Gen.
MacArthurs assertion that 1.-The
range of our air force over sur
rounding waters marks the stretch
of the no-man's sea which is the
measure of our safety Gin Aus
tralia."
IF we lose the air." the Allied
commander declared, naval forces
canont save us. The first line of
| Allied defense is our bomber line "
Control of the sea lanes to Aus
tralia, Gen. Macarthur said, no
longer depends solely, or perhaps
even primarily, upon naval power,
but upon air power operating from
land bases held by ground troops,
all supported by naval power"
SO If the enemy wins con-
troll of the air his naval units can
at once bring forward conveys of
ground forces to continue his at
tack to the southwark to a limit
imposed only by the range of his
land-based air support"
Gen. MacArthur's statement, a
general review of the strategic po-
sition of the United Nations in the
South Pacific. followed by only a
| few hours the publication in. AUS
tralian papers of Washington dis
patches quoting Secretary of the
Navy Knox as saying the japanese
lacked sufficient naval concentra-
tions in the, South Pacific at the
moment for an invasion of Australia.
Secretary Knox added it was not
clear whether heavy enemy troop
concentrations were designed for
offense or dc>nse.
The Secretarys statement fol-
lowed assertion by Gen. Sir Thomas
"A. Blamey, Australian commander
of Allied ground forces in the South
west Pacific, that Japan had massed
100000 first-line troops on the ap-
proaches to this continent and
Evening star., 1943-04-14
French Population Of Sfox
Cheers Montgomery on Visit

bouquets to the tanned 9th Army
commander
Fresh cries of "Vive De Gaulle'
arose when an honor guard OF
Fighting French marched on the
field to join an honor guard from
the 8th Army
The United States was repre-
sented at the ceremony by 1t, Col
Harvey S. Gerry, Scarsdale, N. Y.
attached to the Civil Affairs Division
of Allied headquarters.
Col. Schmeltz will administer the
city under Maj. Gen. Jurion, vice
regent of Tunisia by appointment
of Gen. Henri Giraud, until the
civil authorities are ready to re.
assume their functions.
Evening star., 1943-04-14

and q medium bomber force of
Mitchells blasting Oudna landing
ground - miles south of Tunis.
Most of the planes destroyed on
the ground by the Fortresses were
transports, and their loss cut an
other big hole in Rommels supply
system.
Beaufghters of the coastal air
force also intercepted formation of
about IL Axis torpedo planes off the
coast. shooting down two and forcing
the survivors to dump their explo-
sives and flee.
Seven More Shot Down.
Photo reconnaissance showed
seven more Axis planes had been
destroyed on the ground as the re-
suit of previous bombings of the
airfield at Ste. Marie Du Zit, north
of Enfidaville.
The desert air force rounded out
the aerial assault by attacking Ste.
Marie Du Zit again. and also smash
ing at Menzel Temine and Korba
on Cap Bon.
Malta fighters attacked Pantel-
leria airdromes where bombs were
planted at the entrance to an under
ground hangar and shipping at
Porto Empedocle in Sicily This
force also attacked three naval YES
sells off the island of Levanzo and
caused one of them to blow up.
In an attack on the harbor of
Porto Torres in Sardinia, an
American fighter pilot, 1t. Col.
John w. Weltman of Rowlesburg,
w. Va, scored freak hit when his
bomb passed through a freighter
and exploded in a merchant vessel
alongside.
Attacks on Sicily Monday.
Monday night four-engined and
medium bombers from the desert
force roared over Palermo, Messina
and Marsala III Sicily.
Spezia, the Italian naval base so
miles southeast of Genoa, was
heavily attacked last night by the
Raj from Britain, the Air Ministry
in London announced.
The Italian communique acknowl-
edged heavy raids on Liguria, where
Spezla is situated; Sicily and Sar-
dina, and said Is persons were
killed at Trapani in Sicily. Damage
OF some importance" was done at
the latter place, the communique
admitted.
Both Italian and German COM
muniques suggested that the Allied
pursuit of Rommel had come up
against a line on which the Axis
proposes to make stand. The Ger
man war bulletin said Allied attacks
both on the western and southern
sectors were repulsed. The Italian
communique said increased Allied
pressure had been beaten off by
Axis counterattacks.
The German radio appeared to be
building up the German people to
expect news like that from Stalin-
grad. It broadcast a long extract Of
an article by DR.. Habil Simoneit, de-
scribed as an expert in military psy-
chology, in which he said the battle
OF Langemarck in the early days of
the World War and, the battle Of
Stalingrad characterize the German
manner of lighting"
Evening star., 1943-04-14

fattened up following a roundup,
long has been common in some
Western cities and has been reported
recently on much wider scale"
For example, the OPA regional
office in San Francisco reported
that large market in Government
inspected horse meat has sprung up,
and wild horses from the mountain
ranges are being captured, fattened
and slaughtered regularly.
The maximum prices" said OPA,
"are designed to permit a slausfl-
terer fair margin of profit and to
be low enough to discourage the
purchase and slaughter of those
horses still able to serve a useful
purpose"
Poor Dobbin!
Evening star., 1943-04-14

Garflnckels, Lansburgh's and the
saw Cafeteria.
Presidents and defense chairman
OF 66 womens organizations in the
District will attend Mrs. Nichols
meeting tomorrow. when Mrs.
O'Connor will outline the task as
signed to the women's division.
Evening star., 1943-04-14
:" :::::::::::::::::"kEW:::: ::::::::" :::::::::: ::::""::::::
GUINEA
BY the Associated Press.


LONDON, April 14.-Capt. Alec
Cunningham-Reid declared today
he went to Hawaii during the battle
of Britain to arrange with Doris
Duke Cromwell for the evacuation
of 500 British children to the United
States.
The statement by the 46-year- old
member of Parliament followed his
debate with Brendan Bracken, Min
lister of Information. in the House
of Commons yesterday in which
Mr.. Bracken said:
Does Cunningham-Reid not re-
member American correspondents
in London and the tales they told
of the blitz? I think he does not
because he was out of the country
I say that American CORE
spondents in London and various
other places were not beachcombing
in Honolulu during the battle of
Britain y"
Perverted View Charged.
The Commons exchange was
started by Capt. Cunningham
Reid's assertion that Americans
have a perverted view Of. British
achievements and British aims in
respect to the war and postwar
period" to which Mr.. Bracken re-
torted vigorously.
The Honolulu jibe is growing
long whiskers," Capt. Cunningham
Evening star., 1943-04-14
Heddo Hopper Sues Firm
Over Radio Contract
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
LOS ANGELES, April 14.-Alleg-
ing abrogation of a broadcasting
contract, Hedda Hopper, former
movie actress and now a Hollywood
writer and radio commentator, yes
terday filed suit for $1477 500 dam
ages against the Andrew Jergens
Co, lotion manufacturers
Miss Hopper also named Lennen 6s
Mitchell, Inc, New York advertising
agency for Jergens, as defendant.
She charged 26-week to five-year
contract ranging from $3.50 to
$4,000 weekly that she signed last
year was repudiated.
Evening star., 1943-04-14
British Critic of u. S. Attitude
Defends His Hawaiian Trip
Was Arranging With Doris Duke for Care
Of 500 Children, Cunning Says

Reid said today "In the past I
made no effort to give an explana-
tion because I had not desired fur
ther to embarrass very good
American friend of this country"
He said an explanation was made
essential" however, by Mr.. Brack-
ems remarks in Commons.
Capt. Cunningham-Reid added in
a statement that Mrs. Cromwell
IAN old friend of mine offered
sanctuary to 500 children and the
government gave him facilities to
go to the United States and make
arrangements.
Evacuations Discontinued.
On his arrival in New York he said
he learned of the premature birth
and death of her child in Honolulu.
ut, therefore, became necessary
for me to visit her there-and that
was the 'beachcombing in Honolulu
that Mr.. Bracken so chivalrously re-
ferred to- Capt. Cunningham-Reid
said.
All arrangements were made for a
special British settlement" he
added, but after the sinking of the
City of Benares. with many children
aboard, the British government dis
continued excavations and the
Cromwell project was abandoned.
He said the trip was Completely
misconstrued by certain petty and
irresponsible politicians"
Evening star., 1943-04-14
Morocco Radio Reports
Sinking Of Spanish Ship
81 the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
LONDON, April 1.-THE Mo-
rocco radio said today the Spanish
ship Costidio Monte Allegro had
been sunk in the Atlantic Ocean in
daylight attack by German sub
marine.
The broadcast gave no details of
the sinking. The vessel is not
listed in shipping registers.
Evening star., 1943-04-14
BY the Associsted Press.

1
WITH THE BRITISH 9th ARMY,
April II Delayed Gen. Sir Ber-
nard L. Montgomery paid his first
visit to captured Sfax today and
was received by the cheering French
population in ceremony at the
towns race track where he turned
over administration of Tunisia S
second city to Col, Schmeltz, COM
mander of the French military ter
ritory of Southern Tunisia.
Before the grandstand, used by
the Axis armies for military
warehouse and still stacked with
italian supplies, the crowd shouted
''Vive Montgomery" and tossed
Evening star., 1943-04-14
Africa
Continued From First Page }

the Axis has lost most of its air.
fields. The British radio today said
Rommel had only three airfields left
in Tunisia, all under heavy air
attack.
Most Of Troops Are Italians.
Reuters reports, however, said
most of the troops being evacuated
were Italians arriving at Sandman
and Sicilian ports after overnight
trips In small boats, and said the
Germans apparently were under Or
ders to defend the Tunisian bridge
head ito the last man."
The Flying Fortresses, striking at
Castelvetrano and Milo airfields in
Sicily, caught more than 200 enemy
planes on the ground.
When the Fortresses dropped their
cascade of bombs at Castelvetrano
an official report said, 112 large
enemy transports were on the field
and reconnaissance showed 81 of
them were destroyed and others Sc
riously damaged.
AT MILO lUo planes were on the
ground and % of these were wrecked.
In addition, the flyers set fire to a
gasoline dump.
Eight of the, destroyed were six
engined Messerschmitt 343 transport
powered gliders, % were three-en-
gined planes and Is were two-en-
gined bombers. Eleven more Axis
planes were destroyed in air fighting,
four of them by the Fortresses bat
ting their way back from the raid.
Assaults on Airdromes.
The assault on the German air
force in Tunisia also continued, with
Allied night bombers, including
French, hitting Legrine airdrome at
Rockville, on the outskirts Of Tunis.
Evening star., 1943-04-14
Borrowed IS Is Returned
By Carrier Pigeon
Nv the Associated pres.

by tIie ASSUCIHltu PTtSS.
FORT GEORGE G. MEADE. Md,
April 14.-When Pvt Joseph A..
Manzo of the Fort Meade Pigeon
Company borrowed IS from a pal
and then got transferred to the
A. P. Hill Military Reservation in
Virginia, it could have been the end
Of beautiful friendship.
Not so! Pvt. Manzo clipped FLYER
and a note of thanks to the leg of
a pigeon. Two hours and Is minutes
later, Pfc. Carl B. Noto had the
money.
Evening star., 1943-04-14

ALLIES TIGHTENING MOOSE IN TUNISIA-Lt. Gen. Dwight
D. Esenhower Allied forces closing the around Axis
armies Tunisa and the German radio today described the
RommeVon Arnm final defense line (sawooth line
ming from Cape Serrat to Enfdave British 9Th Army
rolled toward Enhdavle and 1st Army patrols south
unite with 9th units Debbna French patrols
active Bou Arada the British captured hill positions
the 1 Army and French poised in the
north. "A. p Wrephoto
Evening star., 1943-04-14

worked out a system for continental
defense against aggression and con-
tinental mobilization Ito defeat the
promoters of that aggression" the
prociIort soiI
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-05-09
Low IN PRICE

Homes constructed by private
builders are Slill low in price COM
pared with the cost Of federal
housing projects as reported on
the William J. McKeever tempo
rary housing project where the
average cost per dwelling unit IS
50 500 each.
VIC believe the wise wage
Garner could d9-so better than 10
buy some pSrpegty as an invest
ment and aVhedge against infla-
ton.
Every one is agreed that be-
cause Of back log OF orders pill
ing up for automobiles furniture,
home appliances. necessities Of all
kinds and new ideas resulting
from the war. We are going 10
have a prosperous era in the years
to come When that time arrives
people Will want TO express them
selves in their own way and So
Ciahzed housing VIII have hard
time competing with the private
home owner.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-05-09
Wartime Paint Will Be
Adequate, Official States

which permits the
proportion of paint formerly de-
voted 10 that use 10 be available
for the necessary maintenance
and repair of existing structures.
Such maintenance and repair is IN
line with the governments urge
to conserve the critical materials
in the structures owned
and occupied by the American
people by protecting them from
destruction, in which corrosion and
decay are among the most active
SabolcurS.
President Trigg's reassuranceS
on continuance of adequate sup
plies of paint for the civilian mar
ket followed a series of co-opera-
tive conferences of representatives
Of the protective coatings section
of the War Production Board.
with representative groups oil
paint manufacturers in some OF
the larger paint producing CEN
tiers. The meetings were held IN
cooperation with the National
Paint. VarniSh and Lacquer Asso-
citation. on the subject Of the re-
Gently reduced supplies OF linseed
oil for industrial purposes.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-05-09
People Saving,
League Reports

CHICAGO. Nav 3 - The paw
ment of approximately 1000 000-
900 10 savers and investors IN saw
ings building and loan associations
in 1912 demonstrated the fruits Of
postponed spending 10 million
or more Americans and helped
build the needed national pSychol-
ogy in favor OF saving money This
is the statement of the United
States Savings and Loan League
which reported that tins sum IN
cluded cash dividends paid TO hold
erS Of income share accounts in
the institutions. the cash turnover
Of funds INFESTED in the aSSocIa-
lions the past 10 10 - years. and
the money which people borrowed
on security of their accounts in
the associations.
Ralph II Cake, Portland. Ore
president Of the league SAID that
for every 81 Withdrawn from these
thrift and home financing inStitu-
tons for down payments on homes,
readuStnPnt Of personal budgets
10 war conditions. business invest
mentS. and the like. $50 of new
money came in. so that there was
a definite increase for the year in
total shareholders interest IN the
associations. The turnover was
larger than il had been for some
years prior 10 the outbreak of war
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-05-09

WASHINGTON, May s-"The
paint industry has gone TO war;
That was the statement of Presi-
not Ernest T. Trigg of the Ma
al Paint, VarniSh and Lacquer
association last week coupled
with the estimate that IS per cent
81 the production of the paint in
dustry is now being used for mill
tary purposes, and that practically
every war commodity requires the
application of paint in some form.
Despite the tremendous de-
mandS upon the paint industry for
war purposes and the growing
shortages Of some Of the mate
rails previously used IN the maaa-
facture of paint, Trigg emphasized
that there will be sufficient paint
10 meet civilian demands but that
continued Experimentation and
the exercise of the ingenuity and
reSourcefulneSS Of the paint indus
try will be a wartime activity 10
Supplant materials now exclusively
used for war purposes.
One of the factors which rem
ders the continuation of such civil
Jan supplies practicable Is the
drastic curtailment IN civilian new
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-05-09
See Back to Farm
Movement in U.S..
Real Estate Man Predicts
Great interest After War

a Surging black 10 the farm
is predicted hy Joseph
,. Day. real estate operator IN
he summer -issHe Of the maes.
inc, Predictions of Things 10
'ome.
II ann firmly convinced that
the real accomplishment of the
American farmer lies in the
future, rather than I'm the past.
despite the present problems of
farm production" Day states.
"Grest rs our HgTie II turai
achievements have been since
the Civil War, they will be
greatly Overshadowed ny orr ac-
compliShments after World War
H. The law of supply and de-
mand. frequently overlooked nv
politicians and sO-Cailed ecOnO-
mists, II just as certain 10 oper-
ate as the law Of graVitation.
THE farmers who are today
adding To their holdings. the ten
ant farmers who are buying or
thinking of buying acreage and
starting out for themselves, are
not buying on any get rich
quick basis, for they know there
viii be no runaway commodity
price situation after this war,
such a. prevailed after World
Way L."
Day predicts that many people
viii want TO 90 into farming a.
q Side-line--factory workers. meT
returning 10 civilian life from the
armed services, and others.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-05-09
Dearborn Report
On Building Permits

Permits issued in Dearborn Tor
new buildings during April. l943
totalcd 81 compared with 300 for
the same month in 1912. Clarence
A. Doyle. director Of the depart
ment Of public works. Dearborn,
reports. one hundred and four
teen families have been provided
for in Dearborn 50 far this year.