davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1943-06-03
Bedragg|ed German
Truck Drivers Appear
Relieved at Capture
Two D. c. Men Help
Guard Older Group
Token in Africa
BY THOMAS r. HENRY,
Star Staff Correspondent

A UNITED STATES PRISON
SHIP CONVOY IN THE MEDI-
TERRANEAN (By MaiD They were
a bedraggled lot-these $50 truck
drivers and mechanics of the Ger
man motor corps herded on board
a small American naval craft in the
harbor of Bizerte for a night run
along the Southern Mediterranean
coast to transfer point.
They were, for the most part, older
men and a rather pitiable, confused,
hopeless group compared with the
arrogant, clean. we'll equipped, con-
Evening star., 1943-06-03

ndent, singing
German youth
who had : pa
raded through
Bizerte's streets
the day before.
Their uniforms
were dirty, rag
ged, makeshift.
They clutched
rather patheti-
cally to grlmv
half loaves of
bread and cans
of corned beef
they had man.
aged to retain
since their cap
tura
Evening star., 1943-06-03

and I had stones
thrown at me on
the streets be-
cause pc op ! e
were so jealous.
Hitler stopped
all that. If Boil
shevism ev r
comes to Ger
many I will kill
myself"
But as to the
difference be-
tween Commu-
nism and Ma
tional Social lism
Evening star., 1943-06-03

The best way to root for victery
Is to dig deep into that pocketbook
or purse and buy War savings
stamps.
Evening star., 1943-07-04

to be gained by continued striking
and "the war cannot be won with
out an adequate supply Of COAL"
Improvement in Alabama.
The biggest back-to-work de-
velopments came in Pennsylvania,
although considerable improvement
was noted in Alabama, where 5000
Of $4,000 miners worked today, in
cluding 40 per cent in captive shafts
which supply coal for industrial
plants.
Seven locals, comprising 5,o75
workers, voted today to return
Monday in the troublesome UNIV
District Of Central Pennsylvania,
where yesterday only 10000 of
$4,000 worked.
In District of Western Pennsyl-
vania, UNIV President John P.
Busarello said 1,40O men at the
Vesta No. 5 mine of the Jones and
Laughlin Steel Corp, also voted, by
secret ballot, to return. Another
j. & L. Pit. Ves.a No. 4, employing
1,600 men, took similar action yes-
terday.
A score of locals called meetings
Tor late today in the anthracite
fields OF eastern Pennsylvania, where
local UNIV leaders said back-to-
work sentiment strengthened after
district leaders made detailed ex-
plantations of the status of contract
negotiations and gave assurances
that any wage increases granted will
be retroactive. r
Extra Pay Tomorrow.
Secretary Ickes' assurance that
miners would get time-and-a-half
pay for any work on Monday-oh-
served as the July 4 holiday-con-
tributed to the change in sentiment,
local presidents said. OF the regions
$4,000 workers, 4l,0O0 have been idle.
Counteracting favorable action
was the closing of the Crescent No.
2 operation of Republic Steel near
California, Pa, which a UWM
spokesman, who did not wish his
name used, blamed on "pickets
from a nearby mine" The stoppage
affected 600 workers.
The United States Steel Corp.
said 500 additional miners walked
out in its Colonial workings in the
Unlontown PaD region. AS a re-
suit, a company spokesman said.
three blast furnaces could not be
reopened as planned. The firm has
eight furnaces down, in a two-weeks
strike which has cost loss of more
than 100000 tons of coal. Four
other furnaces are down in Ala
bama but the increased output in
that State today halted further
downward revision Of iron and steel
production.
Evening star., 1943-07-04

East and reasonable" travel to
summer homes by A book motorists.
3. An about publicity campaign
to gain cooperation.
4. Better utilization OF railroad
tank cars, lake tankers and barges
to transport more oil products from
the Midwest to the East Coast.
S. Expediting the completion of
the 24-inch and 20-inch pipe lines
to the Atlantic Seaboard.
6. An increase in the price of
crude oil to spur discovery of new
fields and encourage production from
existing sources.
Greater Use of Waterways.
7. Greater use of the New York
Barge Canal and the Hudson River
waterway system to handle petro-
leum products.
8. Simplifled fuel oil rationing
regulations, with straight percent
age cut substituted for the present
complicated formula.
9. A complete overhaul of the
gasoline rationing system, with a
time limit on the validity of
coupons.
TO- A co-ordinator for every local
ity TO assure that essential gasoline
and fuel oil users are supplied with
their rationed requirements.
II. Stamping out OF black markets
In gasoline.
Evening star., 1943-07-04
Heroine Of Bus Crash
Misses 1rYst With Fiance

By the Associated Press.
DENVER, July 3.-Love may
laugh at locksmiths, but Supid
laugh at locksmiths, but Cupid
dent in the case of Miss Vivian
Lowell, 2l-year-old telephone op-
orator of Omaha, Nebr.
She was credited with saving the
lives of two small children yester-
day, when a bus plunged into the
Platte River on the southern out
skirts of Denver. Miss Lowell and
Is other passengers were hospital
lied.
Being called a heroine is fine,
and I'm certainly glad I could be of
some help" she saidA today. The
only thing I mind is that I won't
get to see my fiance pvt. Edwin
Ingraham. at Maria, Tex. 1t was
his first time off since March, and
he is changing stations"
She and her mother. Mrs. Pearl
Lowell. were en- route to Maria
when the accident occurred.
Evening star., 1943-07-04
Gasoline
Continued From First Page.)

from new wells as a means Of stimu-
lating production.
PAW recently announced allot-
ment of $4,000 barrels of gasoline
day for all uses in the East for
the three months beginning July /.
The figure included 7,400 barrels
for farm use. Rationing officials
Immediately said the amount was
too small, and declared it might be
necessary to suspend A-book rations
unless more was forthcoming.
An official said yesterday an al
tentative to a larger allotment was
the denial of all supplemental ra-
tions to persons not engaged in oc-
cupations essential to winning the
war. He said rationing authorities
had considered going to the War
Manpower Commission and request
ing list of jobs which it consid-
cred nonessential. Then, the rations
of those so engaged would be
stripped back to the 80 miles-a-
month allotted A bookholders.
More for Higher A Ration.
Such a step would be taken be-
fore action to suspend A books, the
official intimated. He declared that
many in OPA believe current A ra-
tions are too low even to keep the
automobiles in good operating con-
dition. He predicted an early move
to increase A rations. This could
not be done, he added, even should
PAW agree to increase the Easts
quota, though it must be done be-
fore the coming of another cold
season.
The ODT requested 347,oO0 bar
rels of fuel a day for July, it was
Evening star., 1943-07-04

purely military organization was
the equal or superior of their own,
was the close and efficient integra-
ton of military and political insti-
tutionS.
Beisarius, probably more. gifted
captain than any Roman with the
possible exception Of Scipio, suffered
because of imperial jealousy and
court intrigue. The towering repu-
tations Of Gustavus Adolphur, Fred
erick and Napoleon are based partly
on the tremendous advantage they
enjoyed OF being at one and the
same time heads of state and COM
manders in chief in the field. Marl-
borough, in the period of his great
accomplishments, enjoyed a very
similar situation, and Wellington
was favored by the vast influence Of
his brother in political affairs.
The great personal qualities of
Washington enabled him to over
ride political confusions and opposi-
ton. In our Civil War, Victory did
not perch on the Union banners un-
til Lincoln gave his full and un-
questioning trust to single COM
mander in chief, Grant: while on
the Confederate side almost every
interference Of Jefferson Davis with
his field commanders had an un-
happy issue.
Need States Entire Strength.
Today we are dealing with total
war, war which requires for its sue
cessful prosecution the organized
strength Of every resource of the
state. The problems of military or
ganization, or rather of war or
ganization, are infinitely more COM
plex than those Of past wars. Our
enemies have solved those prob
lens by the simple device of die
tatorial governments organized with
the making of war as their prin-
cipal purpose.
In Germany, the government is
based upon party organization
which in itself is essentially mill
tary, and which has warlike pur-
poses as Its chief inspiration. In
Japan the government is based upon
a military traditionalism and has
the sanction OF supposedly divine
imperial authority.
1t should be obvious that If demo-
cratic States are to survive in a
world In which the ancient law of
the survival of the fittest still rules
the destinies of nations as it does
the destinies of species, some ade-
quate means of correlating the mill
tary institutions of free peoples with
the political institutions to which
they are devoted, must be found.
Too Big for One Man.
The political institutions are de-
signed to safeguard the pon,llar lih-
Evening star., 1943-07-04
Giiruud
Continued From First Page

the United States in the war for
liberation and renovation of the
world"
The text of the statement:
"On this anniversary of their in
dependence, I send greetings to the
American people, for whom the peo-
pie of France have always had and
always will have the deepest feel
ing of friendship.
THE anniversary is being cele-
brated by the United States In the
midst of war. They are fighting this
war not only for themselves, but for
all because the cause Of liberty is
indivisible.
France is heart and soul with the
United States in the war for liberia
ton and renovation of the world"
All public buildings of Algiers
were ordered decorated in the Allied
colors tomorrow and citizens were
asked to hang out flags at their
homes. The Sultan of Morocco will
participate in celebration at Rabat,
where American and French troops
will be reviewed.
In a statement for release on July
4, Gen. Henri Giraud said that ''in
the work which the Americans have
taken upon themselves to maintain,
the French people, traditionally de-
voted to the same aspirations, asso-
ciate themselves with all their means
and all the strength of their soul
and heart.
"At the moment of my departure
for Washington send my most ard
ent and sincere greetings to the
President Of the great republic Of
the United States on this American
national holiday. I hope to renew
them to him by word Of mouth
soon"
Evening star., 1943-07-04
Situation in Mines
Continues to Improve

PITTSBURGH, July 3 R.-A pic
ture of continuing improvement was
reflected today throughout the coal
fields, although in Western Penn
sylvania two new outbreaks left
1,l00 more diggers idle and shut
down a big captive pit Of the Re-
public Steel Corp.
Reports disclosed that about
100000 miners still were idle in
Pennsylvania. Alabama, Virginia
and Tennessee, but on the strength
of back to- work votes by number
of local union units today-and a
strong return sentiment in Penn
sylvania's anthracite fields-United
Mine Workers officials expressed
belief this figure would be cut
sharply Monday.
Earlier the UNIV leadership had
admonished all members to return
to work because there Is nothing
Evening star., 1943-07-04


bride Of little over a year. He told
OF seeing Buckingham Palace and
Waterloo Bridge and wishing she
were there to share the sights. He
wrote, too, that England, with it's
beautiful countryside, seemed re-
mote from war.
Sergt. Bennett left for overseas
two weeks after coming home for
Easter furlough. In going to Eng
land, he fulfilled a wish he made
while stationed at field in Texas.
A day after Mrs. Bennett received
the letter which sounded "a bit
funny" the letters stopped coming.
A week ago the answer to the silence
came. 1t was telegram from the
War Department informing Mrs.
Bennett that her husband, radio
gunner, had been missing in action
in the European area since June 13.
Knowing that her husband was
radio-gunner and recalling that
it was on June 13 that our planes
made raid on Bremen and Keil
that cost us 26 Fortresses, Mrs.
oClhlCtG tIOu6llG GildU pei lldEo li0
was in one of the unlucky planes.
Friends have told Mrs. Bennett
that the War Department may
have made a mistake or that he
may have parachuted to safety.
Sergt Bennett, who is %, was
married April 4. 1912 and was
drafted two months later. He went
to Camp Lee, Va, and then to
Scott Field, Ill. A native of Graf
ton, w. Va, Sergt. Bennett came
to Washington 10 years ago and
was employed by chain drug store
before entering the service.
A sister, Miss Dorothy Bennett,
is nurse at Emergency Hospital.
The War Department casualty
list reporting Sergt. Bennett miss
ing, also included the name of Tech
nical Sergt. Howard w. Payne Of
Silver Spring, Md, whose family
disclosed several days ago they had
been informed he was missing in
action.
Evening star., 1943-07-04

bombing missions over Germany
and occupied France, returned
home Wednesday and will be sta
toned here for short time. He was
awarded the Purple Heart for
wounds received in action on May Is.
Capt. Dieffenbach has also been
awarded four air medals, three of
them with oak leaf clusters, for
meritorious bombing missions. He
has been with the Army Air Forces
since October, 1912, and has been
serving overseas since April, 1912.
Former PEPCO Employe.
A graduate of Western High
School, Chevy Chase Junior College
and the University of Maryland,
Capt. Dieffenbach formerly was en-
ployed by the Potomac Electric
Power Co.
His latest citation reads: For
extraordinary achievement while
serving as a bombardier on a Bit
bomber on 20 bombardier missions
over enemy occupied Continental
Europe. On the mission dispatched
to bomb enemy installations in Ger
many March 18, 1943, Capt. Dieffen-
bach, knowing that the bombing
effort of the entire formation de-
pended on his accuracy, released his
bombs directly on the target. Hav-
ing accomplished this, he manned
the forward guns fighting of heavy
affrontal attacks by enemy fighter
planes. The courage, GOODNESS and
skill displayed by Capt. Dieffenbach
on each of his 20 missions reflect
the highest credit on himself and
the United States armed forces"
Sergt. Blake Native of District.
A native of the District, Sergt.
Evening star., 1943-07-04

had civilian training In flying and
aircraft mechanics.
After Panteleria they had their
first actual fighting with the enemy
and, greatly outnumbered, returned
without any losses One pilot, 1t.
Lee Rayford of ArdWick, Nd,
brought his plane home safely with
one wing riddled by five machine
gun bullets and a large cannon hole
showing. The flight in which the
squadron received its baptism Of fire
was led by 1t. Charles w. Dryden
of the Bronx, N. Y, and among the
participants was 1t. Paul G. Mitch
ell. 908 Howard road Sc, Washing
ton.
IL Planes Attacked Them.
'They attacked us in formations
OF four" 1t. Dryden said, and we
counted about IL coming down on
us. Another 10 stayed above as high
cover for the enemy bombers. We
turned into them and they made
Evening star., 1943-07-04
BY THOMAS r. HENRY,
Star Staff Correspondent.

ALGIERS, June Is (By Mail).-
Americas colored airmen-several
of them from Washington-are
proving their mettle in flak-filled
skies over Sicily and Italy.
Carefully trained at home. the
first all-colored fighter squadron,
commanded by 1t. Col. Benjamin o.
Davis, jr, of Washington, q tall,
30-year-old West Pointer, who is
the son of Brig. Gen. B. o. Davis
only colored general onlcer in the
Army-was thoroughly seasoned
during the air siege of Pantelleria.
I'VE know we're on the spot" the
pilots explain, because we're the
first squadron of our race to get into
action and everybody at home will
be watching U.S."
The squadron flew its first combat
missions early this month and now
is nearing its 200th sortie. The men
are flying Warhawks as fighters on
patrol, as escorts for heavy bombers,
and as fighter bombers.
Fought Luftwaffe.
With other units Of the Tactical
Air Force. they fought the Luftwaffe
both over Pantelleria and in the
short onslaught against Lampedusa
but had little chance to show their
ability, since they were fired on only
once. When they turned on the
enemy craft, the latter turned and
fled. Most of these colored flyers
are college-trained men and many
of the enlisted ground crew have
Evening star., 1943-07-04

diving attacks on us individually.
When they started back up we went
with them and they began a wide
circle with us after them. Then
they broke of and climbed above us
ard stayed there, waiting for an
other chance to dive on us. We
stayed around until the controller
ordered us home
BY this time the squadron was
running low on gas. 1t. Willie
Ashley, jr. of Sumter, S. c., said
his gas tank needle pointed to empty
when he finally landed.
1t. Rayford said his plane was hit
while he was firing on two Folke-
Wulfs.
While I was after the two," he
said, "a third one got on my tail.
That's the first time I have ever
been shot at and. looking back on It,
it seems I was more surprised than
scared"
The Americans were too busy to
get a close shot at the bombers,
but damaged two German fighters.
Evening star., 1943-07-04
$52 Lost in Grain Bin
Returned From Mexico
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
ENID, Okla.-W. E. Head, wheat
elevator employe, lost his billfold
containing $50 in q grain bin last
spring.
Recently the Commodity Credit
Corp. authorized the export of some
Enid wheat to Mexico. -'~,..
This week Mr.. Head received .
package from Mexico. In It was
the billfold-and the So.
Evening star., 1943-07-04

oak leaf cluster for meritorious
service. In one of his latest letters
to his mother, Mrs George Sim
mons, who resides at 5337 Broad
Branch road NV, he wrote, "One
more mission and I'll get my Dis
tinguished Flying Cross"
Last January, according to Mrs.
Simmons, Sergt. Blake was cited for
shooting down an enemy bomber.
Evening star., 1943-07-04

learned. The ofncial said the figure
was set too low. OPA and ODT
in compiling consumption estimates
for the month based them on 100
per cent rationing," that is, they
figured that nearly every gallon
would go to the intended use. The
revised request includes allowance
for leaks" which he said inevitably
appear no matter how strictly reg
ulations are enforced.
Thousands Of Complaints.
Evidence that supplementary ra-
tions have been cut too sharply to
meet even the most essential needs
is brought out by thousands Of COM
plants which OPA and ODT have
received throughout the East. Bus
and truck firms have declared they
will have to close unless they get
more fuel. Service on score of
rural mail routes in New England
has halted because the carriers
have exhausted coupons. War
workers say they are having great
difnculty getting to their jobs.
The new gasoline crisis SO far is
indicated by exhaustion Of ration
coupons by operators rather than
the drying up of filling stations.
the off1cial said, indicating B, C
and T rations have been cut too
much. Under the present allotment
limitation, however. stations soon
would be posting mo gas signs
again should OPA move to meet
the demand of essential users for
coupons which has to be done
soon," the official said.
Should 1t be decided that more
gasoline could be brought into the
East by curtailing consumption in
the mid West, the official declared
number of steps would be taken
there before extending the pleasure
driving curb to that area. The first
step. he said. would be to squeeze
the water out Of the rations" by
setting more strict standards for
issuance OF supplementary rations,
then by cutting coupon value. The
mileage Of the average midwest
driver, he added, is about twice
that Of the Eastern fnotorist.
He indicated 1t would be pos
sible to move oil east. by curbing
western travel.
The Maloney committee was ap-
pointed to investigate gasoline and
fuel oil shortages. The report said
oil shortages in the East and in
other sections must be regarded as
chronic wartime condition because
of increasing military demands.
adding: I'VE must plan for the
worst and hope for the best
Committees Recommendations.
In the report. which admittedly
contained bad news for the entire
country" the committee recon-
mended:
!. Moving mid-western oil inven-
e%v ~I - 80
Evening star., 1943-07-04

II, nuSDano OF
Mrs. Jean Blake,
3911 w street
NV, have been
a " arde d the
Di S t / nguished
Flying Cross for
" e x traordinary
achievements in
t h e European
theater of oper-
ations," the War
department an
nounced la S t
night.
Capt, Dieden-
bach, who has
aonnnla I a
Evening star., 1943-07-04

Blake formerly
was employed by
E a s tern Air
Lines. A gradu-
ate of Mckinley
High, S t r a n d
B u S in ess and
Millard schools
here, he enlisted
in the Air Forces
in January, 1912,
and was ordered
YER S e a S last
October.
Last A pril
Sergt. Blake was
awarded the air
L.J -,s%L $L
Evening star., 1943-07-04
BY MAJ. GEORGE F. ELIOT.

BY MAJ. GEORGE F. ELIOT.
This is first OF series OF
articles dealing ,Uith the subject
of American problems of ,Ddr Or
gdnization and leadership
The study of war is in part the
study of military organization. Mil
tary organization Is in part purely
military, the organization of the
Evening star., 1943-07-04
Coal
Continued From First Page.)

Continued From First Page)
helpful if any phase of it could be
definitely concluded
Unless Congress does extend the
act before it leaves for its summer
recess, the act will expire August
% of this year.
Meanwhile, the Rules Committee
deferred until Tuesday decision on
whether it would admit to the House
floor stopgap resolution extending
the acts life until January l in
order to give the Ways and Means
Committee time to act on perma-
nent legislation.
Resolution Approved.
The Ways and Means Committee
only yesterday approved the tenn
porary resolution, 13 to 10. The
Rules Committee held up its deci-
sion on learning that the Ways and
Means Committee plans to meet
tomorrow and vote on a more
lengthy extension of the act or its
elimination altogether.
In a stormy hearing before the
Rules Committee, the acts opera
tions were defended and attacked
yesterday by members of the Rules
Committee, with some of its sup
porters conceding that there is little
chance of obtaining an extension
beyond January l at this time.
A representative of the Appalach-
ian coal mine operators said the
operators had filed protest with
War Mobilization Director James F..
Byrnes.
Edward Burke, representative of
Southern coal operators, said that
both Southern and Northern op-
orators joined in a letter to Mr..
Byrnes, saying they thought it was
unwise for Mr. Ickes to proceed with
a seemingly permanent organiza-
ton If the War Labor Boards orders
in the coal wage dispute are to be
carried out.
The letter, Mr.. Burke said, de-
clared that the operators had con-
formed to every Government direc-
tive while John L. Lewis, chief OF
the United Mine Workers, had ig-
nored them. Mr. Lewis has defled
WLB order to sign contract with
the operators.
Evening star., 1943-07-04

b / III e u 1Ol CCo,
and in part po-
litical, the rela-
ton of the armed
orc es t o t h e
S t a t e of which
t h Y are t h e
sWord-arm, and
t h e m e a MS b y
which the State
controls t h e m.
The great power
Of the Roman
r e p u b lie. as
against adversa-
ries such as Car
thage and Mace
6nnia W h n 6 q
Evening star., 1943-07-04

FRANCES l.. Ben
nett, 1925 Sew
enteenth street
NV.
Two weeks ago
she received a
letter which she
said sounded "a
bit funny If
he might be sick.
But his letters
had given no in
dication he was
fighting.
They were the
type of letters
q young man
x~v>,,1~1 sL
Evening star., 1943-07-04
District Flyers in First AI|-CoIored Squadron
Now Nearing 20Oth Sortie Over Mediterranean

The first all-colored fighter
squadron OF the Army Air Forces
played a major role in beating
OF Aris planes Which attacked
American flyers in a raid on
Sicily Friday. The squadron
tDedthered its first aerial combat
test In an attack on PdnteLerta
early last month. Star STAFF Cor
respondent Thomas r. Henry in
terpie,red its members on their
return from Pdntellerta and qtt,es
the results OF the interpietD IN the
tollotDing article.