davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Imperial Valley press., 1943-06-21
Reds Damaging
Nozi Air Power

MOSCOW, June 81 (UP)-The Russians have destroy
ed more than $500 German planes in the past weeks
IN determined campaign to cripple Axis air power in
advance of anticipated ground offensives, the
Red army announced TODAY the of the second ann
Imperial Valley press., 1943-06-21
Porked Planes. Airdromes
In Sicily Bombed Heavily

ALLIED HEADQUARTERS. North
Africa, June 2l tUP)-Allied bomb
erS attacked airdromes, wrecking
parked aircraft and ground installa-
tons, and shot down Is more enemy
planes in a series of new blows at
Axis air strength on the stepping
stone of Sicily yesterday, a COM
munique announced today
The day attacks followed block
buster night assault Saturday by
British Wellington bombers at Mes
sina at the northeastern tip of
Sicily, opposite the toe of the Ital-
ian boot Bomb bursts were seen
Oh the ferry terminus and indus
trial and dock installations
Imperial Valley press., 1943-06-21

making nuisance raids" on north
ern Germany.
The Swiss dispatch said the bomb
Crs apparently concentrated a short,
sharp attack on FredrichShaken
across Constance lake from the
northeastern border of Switzerland.
ZEPPELIN BASE
Germany'5 main Zeppelin base is
al Fredrichshaten
Bilowing fires were seen and big
explosions heard by watchers on the
Swiss shore. the dispatch reported.
Shrieking air raid sirens snarked
the path of the bombers across the
Swiss Alps. The alarm lasted from
! / to 3 a. m, in Zurich and from
l2:42 to 2 a. m. in Bern. Basel
TeSsin and other Swiss cities and
towns also were put under an air
alert.
The big formation of planes took
20 minutes to pass over Zurich.
A raid on Fredrichshafen would
entail round trip OF more than
900 miles from Britain.
The only night activity announced
J by the British air mipistry was the
shooting down of three-engined
German Blohm and Voss recon-
naissance flying boat over the Bay
o. Biscay by four long-range Mos
quito planes. Three other flying
boats were set afire. All Mosquitoes
returned safely.
BOMBS EXPLODE
Radio Paris said delayed action
bombs still we're exploding last
night at Lc CreuSot, ITO miles south
OF Faris, where big force of British
tour-engined bombers on Saturday
night shattered the Schneider arms
works, whose value to German war
production is comparable to that of
the Krupps plant at Essen.
The broadcast acknowledged that
bombs kindled extremely large
fires" and caused considerable dam
age. At least 101 persons were
killed and $50 injured and it was
believed that many more persons
lay buried beneath the debris. the
Paris station said.
Other planes bombed targets in
Imperial Valley press., 1943-06-21
ATTACK NAPLES

Can italian COmmunique broad
cast by radio Rome said that Allied
planes attacked Naples, Reggie
Cslabria, San Giovanni and Foggia
in southern Italy and Ragusa,
Licata and Castelvetrano in Sicily.
Altogether 23 enemy planes were
shot down. the communique said
IN Italian submarine was credited
with sinking one Allied ship and
hitting another i'll the western
Mediterranean. A torpedo plane
sank an Allied ship off the Tuisian
coast, the Communique said
The repeated attacks on Messina
by bombers from both the north
west African and middle eastern
commands. were believed designed
to reduce if not sever ferry COM
municatiOn between Messina and
the mainland ports of Reggie Gala
brla and San Giovanni, both Of
which were heavily attacked by
American four engined Liberator
Imperial Valley press., 1943-06-21
Lewis RevoIter
Has Another Job

UNIONTOWN, Pa. June 81
UP)-Charlie Hartman, VINO went
to work every day in the Palmer
Mine of H. C. Prick Coke Co. during
previous coal strikes, won't be going
into the mine this time.
The reason: he got another job.
Il just got disguised and got a
new job week ago." he said. I'm
a policeman at a powder mill now.
tired of being in the middle all
the time"
Hartman, miner for 10 years,
carried on a one-man revolt against
John l.. Lewis in the strikes OF
May and early June, and during
the last walkout five TO Is men fol-
lowed him into the pit every day.
RAIDER DECORATED
SAN DIEGO, Calf, June 2l. CUP
Capt. Robert Neuffer, Marine
raider of Hampstead, NY, has been
awarded the Silver Star Medal for
heroism on Guadalcanal,, the Ma
rine Corps announced today. Maj.
Gen. Joseph C. Fegan, commanding
officer of Camp PcndlctOn, made
the presentation.
The Wyandotte herald. (Wyandotte, Mich.) 1879-1943, 1943-01-22
You Shovel Coal?

Even the man who never shoveled
coal in his life is dependent upon
cecil for many Of his comforts and
eonveniences. Combustion engineers
point out q few Of the multiple uses
e coal energy.
Perhaps the mans job is depend
ent upon coal. More than IS per
cent Of the total energy necessary
for . normal pursuit of industry is
furnished by coal. More than 49,
600 tons of coal went into cigarette
manufacture in 1893 and many thou
sands more tons into the making of
packets and cartons in which they
are packed. Nearly l,5O0, 900 tons of
coal went into furniture manufac-
ture in one year; more than zoe. 200
tons of bituminous coal was used in
carpet manufacture in 1899.
Clothing production uses 3l4, 428
tons of coal year; clock manufsc-
ture nearly SO, 900 tons; plumbing fix
ture industry, 1892; canneries,
ls, 600, 900.
The Wyandotte herald. (Wyandotte, Mich.) 1879-1943, 1943-01-22
Taking Care of Euuinment

Calls for a million and a half
copies of leaflets telling housewives
how to care for electric equipment
and make it last reached the Rural
Identification administration head
quarters at st. Louis within a single
week after the first offer. These re-
quests from rural electric co-opera-
tiveS reflect the intense interest of
homemakers in getting full service
from the equipment they have and
which they are not likely to be able
to replace ''for the duration" The
leaflets are reprints from pages in
the Rural Electrification News.
Many users, particularly on
farms, have acquired electric appli-
ances recently-after electricity was
brought to their farms for the first
time. The REA is urging the shar-
ing of electric equipment through
co-operatives and neighbor groups !;
also repair of appliances while Still
disable. Clubs of young people are
learning simple repairing.
The Wyandotte herald. (Wyandotte, Mich.) 1879-1943, 1943-01-22
BARRIERS and Beauticians
Aiding Scrap Collection

Uncle Sam is going to get the
scrap metal he needs, if the barber
and beauty shop owners of America
have anything to say about it.
Under the leadership of the Asso-
dated Master BARRIERS and Beauti-
clans Of America, national associa-
ton representing the employers in
those callings, they are going to
make it easy for their fellow citizens
20 get the scrap In.
AS a result of program devised
IN the associations general Office in
Chicago, barrels are being placed in
the thousands of members shops
throughout the country, each pla-
Carded as follows: Deposit Scrap
Metals Here. 80 Tons Equal One
Tank. All Money Received From the
Sale of This Scrap Metal Will Be
Given to the Red Cross We're All
Out for Uncle Sam"
A recent AMBBA bulletin says:
The nation must collect every bit
OF. metal scrap, therefore we are out
TO do this very thing, from a metal
key or safety razor blade, to dis
csrded autos, farm tractors or loco
motives. We know q patron will
not bring tractor or steam engine
70 your shop and try TO crowd it into
the barrel, but you may have an
opportunity to accept one or both,
and these items are Salable and will
pc collected rs readily as 4 razor
blade"
The Wyandotte herald. (Wyandotte, Mich.) 1879-1943, 1943-01-22
Unions Becoming Stronger
As Farm Labor Class Grows

The invasion of non-agricultural
trade unions into the agricultural
field has become major problem
Of agricultural organization, DR.. M.
E. John, associate professor Of rur-
al sociology at the Pennsylvania
State college, warned farm lea lers
recently.
"Since war economic conditions
have created favorable prices for
farm products, agricultural orgari-
zations face a weakened condition
Dr.. John said. when farmers pros
per they lose interest in working TO-
gether on common problems"
DR.. John pointed out that nom
agricultural organizers are doing
preparatory work in organizing ag-
Yiculture now, because many farm
ers do not belong or participate in
local farm groups until hard times
come.
Because of mechanization of ag-
riculture, farmers are continually
becoming fewer and laborers more
numerous"
The sociologist outlined the fol-
lowing ways of improving agricul-
tural relations: longtime program
Of education of rural people, a unit
ed front in serving agriculture as
whole unit instead of concentrating
on benefits for particular groups,
and an indignation of farm pro-
grams so that farmers Will attend
meetings to obtain any desired type
Of information.
The Wyandotte herald. (Wyandotte, Mich.) 1879-1943, 1943-01-22
Proposals Wanted
FOR COAL

Sealed proposals will be received by
the undersigned up to four "a o'clock
Pm. Eastern War Time, Monday, Feb
ruary /. 1913. for furnishing the City
Of WyandOtte. Municipal Service De-
partment, the following:
Approximately 5000 tons OF y"
nut, pea and slack, low sulphur
bituminous coal for storage pur-
poses. Unloaded at the plant dock,
foot Of Vinewood Ave, Wyandotte,
Michigan.
Delivery to be made with
self unloading boat having a CON
veyor not less than $50 feet.
Price quoted to be FOB. our
dock.
Delivery TO be made about April
I, 1913.
MI In accordance with our specifi-
cations. copy Of which will be fur
nished upon request.
Said bids will be publicly opened
and read aloud at the regular meeting
Of the Municipal Service Commission
at the office Of the Commission, 1855
Van Alstyne Blvd. Wyandotte. Mich
igan. on Monday. February 1. 1913. ut
eight 81 o'clock PM. Bids shall he
plainly marked PROPOSAL. FOR
GOAL.
The City reserves the right to sc-
cept any bid or reject any or all bids,
or to waive defects in bids IL deemed
for the best interest Of the City.
LAAWRENOE j. I.aCOtRSE.
4w2 City Clerk
The Wyandotte herald. (Wyandotte, Mich.) 1879-1943, 1943-01-22
Oil Sources in Farm Wastes.

Shortage of imported fats and oils
has led scientists to seek substitutes
IN materials formerly wasted. Nor
mally, the value of oils from these
sources has not justified the cost of
equipment and labor to collect, ex-
tract, and refine them. Now prices
are higher, imports lower, uses have
increased, and recovery methods
have improved.
Most promising among the pit or
kernel oils are apricot, prune, peach
and cherry oils. All are similar,
and somewhat resemble sweet
almond oil, used in cosmetics and
in baking. Not much prune oil. A
available, because relatively fsw
prunes are pitted.
The Wyandotte herald. (Wyandotte, Mich.) 1879-1943, 1943-01-22

Wyandotte. Mich. Jan. 10, 1913.
The Wyandotte herald. (Wyandotte, Mich.) 1879-1943, 1943-01-22

lSurer for
! for the
1912.
lie.
tion Com
day. dec
{.
ng of the
Thursday.
nj.
De.
az Of the
held Mon
lie.
nation Of
je City of
: 80. 1912.
rnSt. Ger
and bank
tuons for
} and for
D Decem-
the City
The Wyandotte herald. (Wyandotte, Mich.) 1879-1943, 1943-01-22

ton OF this car but has I lied to do
so. There are three prac eally new
tires on the car which are -'seing ruin
ed for lack of care.
Te RESPECTFULLY request that these
cars be disposed of in the laNaner pro-
yided, in order to rid our PREMISES Of
them.
Henderson daily dispatch. (Henderson, N.C.) 1914-1995, 1943-10-30
CHAPTER TWO

ANDREA WAS sitting on the
sofa, painting her toenails red, her
body q slim arc in faded blue satin
lounging pajamas. when Beth got
the door open and dropped her
packages on chair. She shook her
long hair back from her face and
said. "Ducky. did you get me n
GresS?"
Beth tossed her large package
wrapped in green oiled paper. mo,
Andy, I didn't have time. jim's
back and he's coming 10 dinner. Do
the flowers, will You? I've a million
things to do in an hour. My dress
come back from the cleaner" The
gray one?
Andrea shook her head and
wriggled her toes to dry them while
she opened the flowers. Whey"
she said. Must have cost You n
weeks lunch. Why the fatted
calf?"
Going into the kitchen. Beth sail
casually, II just felt in Il mood for
a party. Are You going out? ?"
Later. Dennis had some sort of
disbursements dinner. He's picking
me up at ten. Mind ii l wear Your
little red number"
Beth thought, Il wish he were
taking Andy to dinner" but in
stantly she was ashamed of want
ing TO exclude Andy and said,
Anything I've got Is yours. We're
having green turtle soup and steak
snd hashed brown potatoes and n
salad. Can you help"
II can do the flowers and make
the salad. do wish you'd picked
up dress for me-"
I'm sorry. honey. I'll do it to-
morrow. Ring up Joe and see if he
can send over some logs, will you ?
I'm going to snatch r shower and
get dressed"
Andrea's big, dark eyes looked
puzzled as Beth went by her. Bcth's
eyes were shining and her checks
were pink and. for a moment, An
drra was stunned with the thought
that 1t might be Jim's coming that
accounted tor il. \ distinct feeling
OF discomfort settled on her, but
she dismissed it at once.
She got vases down from n shelf
and began to fill them, saving d
yellow OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES to put in
her hair when she dressed after
dinner.
Beth came back after a little
while. wearing n bike dress with a
white frill at the HECK. She had tied
Il big apron over il, and she tossed
n small orSandic apron over q
chair.
Andrea opened her mouth to
Henderson daily dispatch. (Henderson, N.C.) 1914-1995, 1943-10-30

their fingers touched. fingered, and
let 90.
I've ten days to wind up nv af-
iIiIS here. Then | report. I
have lot of things to got settled
here things was letting slide
FOR the future"
Il smell something burninc."
Andrea said. getting up. feeling lne
touch of his fingers Siill.
Anybody miss mc?" Jim asked
wistfu!ly.
Beth slipped her arm through
his. You don't have to ask that.
JIM. or course I'll well miss
you. wont We. Andy?"
Andy said, Il think it's the no.
tatueS. Never mind, Beth. I'll stick
the steak in the oven. You console
Jim"
E"th pulled him down on the sofa
h"Sid" her ana when Beth had
closed the kitchen door, she said.
Don't mind her. Jim. That's lust
Andy'S way. We're both awfully
proud of you. You don't fool me a
bit with this iiiprant attitude about
being smart and getting in and
ont urain'."
.lnn took her hand i'm both OF
ms. 'l;'ih, Tn not the great guy
E"'l thinl; | am. hut you're twice
the girl | think You are. AMI [
thinl; Your" AN angel. Iii, yoit
Have amy idea TT What had To SAL
10 yDu""
The tell-talc pink CAM into her
face again. but she said. "E~l
don't thinl; did"
Andrea opened The door "-pon
many times i" you tu" s;:"!.'"
Gene in ana Keep Jim e.
I'll do it
! Pclh'S checks were ply,
heat "f the oven and he: {.
| during 'i!ur"r She vas like a
an not ;"".ng. nc: hearing T..
Storlci Jim told them ah"I. his
trip FOR his physical. or ArLi. .'a
anecdotes. Si" U;"a just feeling.
When Andrea LETT 10 Dire. ;'.,rc
was alnH?t Eilercr between them.
Then when Andrea came back N n
long, c!iN@in% rcd dress 18th n vc:
low chry%anihcmum in her dark
hair. soH'cthing pierced that p0!.lc,
haze in which Beth had hccn cxis.-
ing ana She saw the way inns
eyes flashed 10 hndrca'a dark
beauty. and ancc: rise in them.
Anger in Jim's eyes? A~gcr-and
something else.
y sick question rose Il Rcth's
consciousness ami Ter head moved
slowly. carrying her glance from
Jim'S Zee" - Nudrc1'a. which was
strangely I,aant. as.i sh" waited
for one or the other Ia srrak.
Jim saij. Going OFT ="
"DIHc!G@ with DEEMS. Why"
"Nuiii'H"." Jim Saia evenly.
"ii"vc = GOOD time"
'E"ulI probably he here when I
get blk"
! I'm ajrai! not. 7 I forno.
10 n""'t.T HAT ! have To ."c The
Old mnu 4. ..:-nt. Iou went mind.
Beth"
Beth shu"i, her head. II felt stiT
ON her week. She wished that she
wc"" n'o"" 80 tina; moment. alone
10 t"!! herself no.: foolish, how
wr"m- sire a.as.
90 BE Continucd)
Henderson daily dispatch. (Henderson, N.C.) 1914-1995, 1943-10-30

Clinic where they can be studied
and where the exact nature of their
difficulties can be assessed. 1t is
from the report Of one Of these
clinics that | abstract the follow
ing high points in their cXpcricncc.
Speech is II very complicated
functinn. 1t depends for one thin"
OH accurate hearing. II depends,
OF course, upon sound vocal organs.
The cleft palate speech, to give Il
familiar example, is Il speech de-
lcct the cause of which is Obvious,
but any defect in the nervous con-
troll or action III the vocal cords
may make characteristic differ
t'nCcS.
Then il depends on good vision
Iii reading, for much more of our
speech than We are aware is hut
All imitation of our reading. Fin
ally IT. requires relative mental ma
turity--nnt nnl V the content. but
Tia" tone and form of the speech
Is 4 reflection Of the mental status.
Diagnosis Takes Time
60 when Il child is brought 10
the Language Clinic the task Of
diagnosis is usually long drawn
out one. Parents who bring child
To the clinic about two weeks before.
the opening Of school and say,
Johnnie doesn't talk yet. and he'll
have to learn before Labor Day
when he goes to school" do not
realize how far from simple the
situation is.
Parents of the late takers are
usually apprenticeship" about the
child'S intelligence. but only q very
small proportion of eases are
found Ia have defects Of that kind.
1t is much more frequently due TO
q defect Of hearing. This goes un-
suspected because the child does
Henderson daily dispatch. (Henderson, N.C.) 1914-1995, 1943-10-30
HE015io >snf''0(jlqll),ffs|.e=I ovgIXlDordI
E9Sz - zy3o1vey Il y>>zooa @,

speak. to asl: why the pretty little
domestic note. but she closed her
mouth at once, tho odd feeling of
doubt and discomfort upon her
again, and said she'd set the table
Aren't you going TO change,
Andy?"
For Jim?" Andrea wanted Tn
Know. as if she'd said, Fer the
grocery man?"
Beth shrugged and went to worl;
preparing dinner.
Everything was ready, the salad
IN The wooden bowl. the som and
potatoes in their pans. the oven
warmed. dishes heating when Jim
rang the hell. The flowers were in
low bowls on the table and on the
mantle above the blazing hearth.
The curtains had been drawn. the
curtains that Jim had seen her
making. There Wee cocktails chill
ing to frosty amber in the glass
shaker.
Beth cast quick. satisfied loo,,
81. M'l"' jim "o''Iu see. could en-
lfct i"r me rest Of his life. ana
"rmI I'D inc door.
There was NEWS written all
over his handsome face.
ZEN gave nm both h"r hands
ana lie teamed forward and kisscC!
her' som" ShFneSS mad" her turn
E.%r lace AMI Sill" i"it his lips Oh her
'N"rk.
JIMMIE. he sait. lyon smell
nice. M Ahar"l'
ANDREA Sald, Hello" She put
""Wil me paper Sii".d hcon reading
'i'i regarded INN "ith critical
49, lon h'''chl changed Il Bit
ma' E"'i expect III 4 week ?
',o'i,e'ii,''S Tor The better. no
""'.p'
N'uie' '',aue httie face ut
,'ln' ana P''h"h up Her paper
"Sn".,
' ."".'Snl. nope they don't
n n''NsE ''h''Snt. Al"'id she said.
N',S' pour inc COCKTAILS dear,
'''r' '''e't We iii''SI near Inns news.
JIM 'ook me shaker from An
itea mana. FirSt yoliIl hear IT,"
..1, saul lie TOOK q deep breath.
III III ''e army now.
~ ioS iell. Ice cllnkcd in the
s ,s, Inc newspaper fell from
,, zap he'h IN Ia 4 " II
no',,u Mo, i''"ue d small sipliant
Henderson daily dispatch. (Henderson, N.C.) 1914-1995, 1943-10-30
SYNOPSIS
I:oommntcs and cousins,

TsVOWITTHE'S HII'I NVIIs MS.
EITIi KINNAN. scrious.mlnded and
trusting. and
ANDREA BARNES. rather seif-ccn-
tered and selfish. find tina, The tense
NESS accompanying Amcrica'S inn
p,nding entrance into the war Is
beginning to affect their lives. For
three years Beth has been roin. with
JIM RONALD. who still has not been
too Successful in s"tiin. ahead in the
world. while Andrea has been at
tractch by
DENNIS ARCHER. 10 years hnr senior
bat wealthy and interesting: - and
also married.
YESTERDAY: jim comes back from &
MP.
Henderson daily dispatch. (Henderson, N.C.) 1914-1995, 1943-10-30

DIR. Clcndcning will answer
questions of general interest
only, and then only through
his column.
Henderson daily dispatch. (Henderson, N.C.) 1914-1995, 1943-10-30
by LOGAN CLENpENING. W. u.

DIFFERENT FORMS of speech
difficulties III children have be-
come :" frcpuem, that IN many
lars" cities the Board Of Educa-
tom has instituted Il Language
Henderson daily dispatch. (Henderson, N.C.) 1914-1995, 1943-10-30

Wilson'S phalaropc. Il bird. whrls
about N the water like dcrviSh.
and swallows the minute creatures
Disturbed by the motion Of the Watcr
Henderson daily dispatch. (Henderson, N.C.) 1914-1995, 1943-10-30
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Sufferers and Stammerers

WaSpS build Il nest by tearing off
small pieces of dry wood. chewing
them into pUlpy paste ard spread
ing them OF: 20 dry.
Henderson daily dispatch. (Henderson, N.C.) 1914-1995, 1943-10-30
Speech Difficulties
Aided In Clinics

not know how much h." is expected
10 hear, having no standard Of
comparison. The mother will say
IN" child hears all right because
h, responds To commands.
That may be true and still a
great deal of hearing is lost in the
hirh-frcqucmcy range - this en-
cludcS II number Of consonantS
such as =, ST.. I. tn. /, u. from the
childs hearing. They are unable to
reproduce speech they cannot hear,
aud their speech is quite unin,cl-
E%iblc. This group is quite hope
lul from the standpoint of treat
mcn,.
Sufferers and Stammerers
The sufferers and stammorers
are Il large group. In these there
* almost without exception no de-
i"ct oI the hearing, intelligence
or speech organs and 10 explain
item We have To fall back OH the
"ry. The theory held in most clinics
l. that they are in reality, or po-
;"ntially, lcft-handed. The speech
center Is on the left side of the
brain in right handed people:
probably l"fihandrd people are
rl"ht-brain"d. But why that makes
them Stuttrr is something That in-
Wolves u great deal uf shaky thru-
riHinr.
Organic difficulties which are
seldom Thought 81 by the parents
includ" faulty alignment of teeth.
A tonsillcctUmy or throat opera
ton may daring the period of Sore
ness make TIA" child hold its palate
IL u rigid manner with conSe-
qucnt speech defect that hrcontes
habituaI.
The Language Clinic approach
I" this old problem holds out great
hoprfulncs:'.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
II. VI. H.: - Why are contact
Glasses not used more generally?
l. Their" som" disadvantage?
Answer: Contact glasses have
Frequently been discussed in this
column. ! think they are not used
NOR" frequently simply because
tn" technique of fitting them *
complicated to learn. They ar"
better adapted Ia some eye defects
than regular glasses.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1943-03-06
Philadelphia News

Poplar Spring Colored School,
Philadelphia, Miss. had good re-
ports. These were the headlines on
the front page of the Neshoba
Democrat Friday, February 10:
Poplar Spring Colored School has
made an excellent record on funds
raised for improvement on War
Bonds and Stamps bought by the
patrons and students and in other
activities"
Mr.. Oliver w. Ford, principal of
the school, gives the following re-
port: The colored people of
Poplar Spring are very proud of
their accomplishments for the past
four and half months. They have
made every effort they could in
aiding the war Not only have
they willingly given their sons, but
have purchased more than $1,7OO
worth of War Bonds and Stamps.
In addition to this, they have
found time to raise money for the
Improvement of their school.
BY using the suggestion given to
the Poplar Spring PIT. A. by their
principal, patrons of the commun-
ity were divided into five groups.
A teacher of the school was made
chairman of each group.
Prof. and Mrs. Fords raised
$139.28. Miss Sadie Mae Monegan,
$15.41; Miss Sarah Ray $21.78 and
Miss EVE Lee Jackson $106.85.
Other money raised during the
present term, was $193.76 the to-
tai for the contest being 1882 80,
making total of $48608 to date.