davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1943-06-08
Equal Pay for Negroes

Although limited in this instance
to small concern in Texas, the War
Labor Boards ruling that Negroes
are entitled to equal pay for equal
work rests on such unassailable
grounds that its application to the
country as whole is to be expected.
The boards unanimous decision
was delivered through DR.. Frank p.
Graham, public member. It's prin-
cipal effect was to abolish the classi-
f1cations "colored labor" and white
labor" and to wipe out the differen-
tial in pay. Henceforth all workers
in this category will be classified SIM
ply as "laborers," with no discrimina-
ton in wage rates because of color.
This wage increase for the colored
workers, DR.. Graham said, "is made
without regard to the Little Steel
formula, but with regard simply for
the democratic formula Of equal pay
for work equal In quantity and quail
ity In the same classification. This
equalization Of economic opportunity
Is not q violation of the sound Amer
lean provisions of differentials in pay
for differences in skill. It Is rather
q bit of realization of the no less
sound American principle Of equal
pay for equal work as one Of those
equal rights in the promise Of Amer
lean democracy regardless of color,
race, sex, religion or national origin"
In these words the War Labor
Board, exercising its emergency pow
Evening star., 1943-06-08

attainment Of security" through "a
permanent defensive system" of air
and naval bases In the control of the
United Nations. Then, when that
goal has been achieved, he antici-
pates political and economic projects
to ensure the gradual fullness of
freedom in the best accepted sense"
and prosperity in which all peoples,
even the most Backward" may
share.
It is conceded by the New Zealand
Minister that the problems of the
Pacific are many and terrific"
Given security, understanding and
good WILL" however, he has conf
dence that they can be solved to the
advantage of everybody concerned
with them.
Evening star., 1943-06-08
RuiIroud Overtime

The 100000 incorporating en-
ployes of the railroads for whom an
emergency board recently recon-
mended an Scent hourly increase
would have their pay raised 8.33 per
cent more, under the proposal ad-
vanced by the brotherhoods, and
supported by President Roosevelt, to
make overtime at the customary time
and one-half rate payable after 40
hours, instead of 48, as it is at
present.
The suggestion for changing the
overtime base seemingly was an
afterthought on the part of the
unions, which did not raise that
issue when they filed the original
demand for 20-cent hourly in
crease. which was rejected by the
board. The talking point for the
concession now sought is that other
employees engaged in interstate COM
merce are covered by the Wage and
Hour Act provision for overtime after
40 hours. That Mr.. Roosevelt is
sympathetic to this argument was
evidenced by his press conference
comment that he saw no reason
why-to cite his example-employes
at Grand Central terminal should
get overtime on one basis, and those
in a nearby business house, on a
more desirable scale, and the fur
ther statement that he favored
joint conference of carrier and en-
ploye representatives to discuss the
matter.
While some of the incorporating
brotherhoods are subject to the mini
mum wage provisions of the Wage
and Hour Act, they do not come un-
der the hour provisions. having been
exempted at their own request when
the law was enacted five years ago.
The unions traditionally have ne
gotiated wage and hour agreements
by collective bargaining, and at that
time some brotherhoods were said to
have been fearful they would be put
at a disadvantage If brought wholly
within the coverage of the law. It
is evident now. however. that appli-
cation OF the acts overtime provi-
sions would be to their benefit, as
was pointed out by the emergency
board which discussed this particu-
lar point without making any rec
concentrations concerning 1t.
That the railroads will be willing
to yield further on the wage ques-
ton Is hardly likely. inasmuch as
they already face an added outlay
in excess of $4,000 900 annually as
the result of the proposed Scent
award, which is expected to be put
into effect.
Evening star., 1943-06-08
Boy Under Willows

Light through the ,uillo,us filtered
thin, .~s
Yet golden, on the boys bro1Un skin
And through the doWn curped
branches Dall, -
Dark SHADOWS dritted, making small,
MultJorm markings, ueluet- black,
Along his lean thighs and his back,
Like a young Woodland creatures
coat.
~
His breath pulsed idly in his throat
While bare toes curled, now In, nou
out, 1H
Until some urge moDed him to shout
And plunge into the dappled creek
Then come again, seal-pet and SLEEK
TO dry himself Nth no clothes on, Z
An unapare, a hybrid tawn. Z
LANCE DELANEY. Z
Evening star., 1943-06-08
THIS AND THAT
II find the glasses aid In getting NOR
By Charles E. Trace1pell.

II find the glasses aid in getting more
points at a glimpse.
This spring there seemed to be a
greater number Of strangers than ever
before, but suspect that owing to the
lateness of the leaf1ng of the trees the
migrants simply showed up more plainly.
Certainly never before saw from my
window the Blackburnian, black -throated
green, chestnut-sided and magnolia
Warblers and the solitary vireo.
"On the other hand, for the first time
breasted grosbeak.
Last year its exceptionally beautiful
song was heard on May 8, and after a
little searching both Mr. and Mrs. Gros-
beak were spied low in the trees. May II
was the 1941 date, with May / for both
1910 and 1889, which year marked the
first time we had ever seen this beautiful
bird. either here or back in Virginia. But
again, this is the first year I have ever
seen yellow-breasted chat from the
window. Perhaps the well-dug-up VIC
tory garden drew him. He seemed greatly
interested in it, at any rate The thrushes.
robins and song sparroWs seemed to think
the digging was for their special benefit.
I have collected all the song sparrow
songs that am able to transcribe. Many
are beyond my limited powers, but even
so I must have 30 or 40 different ones,
which is not so surprising since the years
total more than that!
Il used to dream that some day child
a symphony.
THE dream has grown attenuated, but
1t is now extended to possible grand
child.
Il began this with the intention of
listing the birds I have seen from my
window but as usual wandered from the
subject.
SO here are the lists:
"Permanent-flicker. downy woodpeck-
er, red-bellied woodpecker, yellow -bellied
sapsucker, red-headed woodpecker, house
sparrow, song sparrow, blue jay, cardinal,
chlckadee, tufted titmouse, nuthatch,
mockingbird, startling, purple grackle,
Peh u AN6e, Slo", IIlOuI llulR QOVe, SOlQ-
finch, bluebird, cedar waxwing, screech
owl, purple finch, meadow lark. hairy
Woodpecker, Carolina wren, chewink.
Almost permanent, except for a few
summer months - white -throated SPAR
row, junco, brown creeper; except for a
few winter months, robin and thrasher.
Summer only-chipping sparrow, field
sparrow, house wren, wood thrush, cat
bird, red-eyed vireo, Maryland yellow
throat, chimney swift, ruby -throated
hummingbird, barn swallow night hawk,
peWee, great crested flycatcher, Balti-
more oriole, orchard oriole, phoebe, king
bird, indigo bunting, warbling vireo, yell
low-billed cuckoo, yellow warbler; heard
only, kildeer and whippoorwill.
"Visitors-solitary vireo, rose breasted
grosbeak, veery. olive-backed thrush,
chat, least f1ycatcher, winter wren, shrike,
ruby-crowned kinglet, redstart, Black
burnian warbler, black poll warbler, black
and white warbler, black -throated green
warbler, Canada warbler, chestnut-sided
warbler, magnolia warbler myrtle war
bier, oven bird
Sincerely yours, M. J. r. r."
Evening star., 1943-06-08
Huskin's Answers
To Questions
Ru Frederic J. Hnskir1.

By Frederic J. H1Skin.
A reader can get the drstDer to any
question OF tact BY ,oriting The Eve-
ming Star Information Bureau, Fred
eric J. HGSkin, director, Washington,
d. C. Please inclose stamp for return
postage.
@. What was the actual size Of Wash
ington when the Federal Government
was first located In the District Of COL
umbia?-M. C. j.
A. The new Capital had only 109 brick
buildings and 263 Of wood some of which
were little more than sheds. The popula-
ton consisted of 3,210 persons, 623 Of
whom were slaves The first executive
department to be opened was the Post
Office with staff of nine persons.
@. What is the frequency with which
babies are born in hospitals?-J. M.
A. The American Medical Society re-
ports that during 1912 the hospital BIRTH
rate exceeded three live babies to the
minute.
O. What is the greatest height above
the earth's surface at which aerial flights
have taken place?-V. N
A. Combat between fighter planes
over Europe has taken place at an alti-
tude Of $4,000 feet. This is very nearly
10 miles above the earth's surface.
Evening star., 1943-06-08
Bonaparte and Hitler
Compared as Vexators.
To the Editor of The Star:


The council Of the best military minds
Of Britain and America has concluded
its labors in Washington and is reported
lin complete agreement on all theaters
OF war; Signs multiply that the zero
hour approaches for the invasion OF
Europe. The god of war stands tense on
every front awaiting the opening OF the
greatest battle, or battles, that the world
ever has known.
What will be the answer for civiliza-
ton and the freedom Of man?
Following :1is most brilliant description
of Waterloo and in summation of its
meaning, Victor Hugo wrote: WAS it
possible that Napoleon should win this
battle? We answer, no. Why? Because
OF Wellington? Because of Blucher? No,
because of God.
For Bonaparte to conquer at Waterloo
was not in the law of the 10Th century.
Another series of facts were preparing
in which Napoleon had no place -.
THE ill-will of events had long been
announced 1t was time this vast man
should fall. His excessive weight in
human destiny disturbed the equilibrium
This individual counted, of himself alone,
more than the universe besides. The
plethora of all human vitality concen-
trated in single head, the world mount
ing to the brain of one man, would be
fatal to civilization 80. Reeking blood
overcrowded cemeteries, weeping mothers
these are formidable pleaders. When
the earth is suffering from surcharge,
there are mysterious meanings from the
deep, which the heavens hear.
Napoleon had been impeached before
the Infinite, and his fall had been de-
creed. He vexed God. Waterloo is not
battle; it is the change Of the front
of the universe
A century and quarter since Waterloo,
pseudo Napoleon-the ex-house deco
rator Of Muhich-defles the laws of God
and man. Who, of faith, does not be-
heve that he, too, has beer1 impeached
by the Infinite, and that the day of judg-
ment must be near at hand?
WILBUR H. CLOSE.
Evening star., 1943-06-08
"TAKOMA PARK,

Dear Sir:
THE letter from S. A. H. in your
column recently was an exceptionally
interesting one-the more so in that he
lists only his real neighbors among the
birds.
with but few exceptions, balanced by
others not on his list, these neighbors are
the same ones have seen from my up
stairs studio window, without going out
of-doors at ALL
"A goodly number Of them come almost
into the studio, for my little bark-sided
glass topped feeder is on the window sill,
and nuthatches, chickadees and tufted
titmice eat there undisturbed even if
am leaning against the window.
THE nuthatch has found crevice into
which he can fix sunf1oWer seed, so he
seldom bothers'to take it to the nearest
tree unless it is rush hour and an ex-
plosive black cap or titmouse startles
him into leaving.
The cardinals are more touchy and
one must be we'll inside before they will
settle down to their munching. Jays,
finches and five varieties of woodpeckers
are. also regular visitors at this small
canteen, but as much as the goldfnches
love sunhower seed, have never had one
to come either to the window or to the
feeder down in the yard. Flocks of them,
intersperced with many purples, make
heavenly music in the elm and hemlock
trees all through late April and early
May, and it is then that many of the
purple finches find their way to the
sunflower seeds in my feeders.
The goldfnches come into nearby
trees and bushes, but no nearer. I have
often wondered why.
my little old opera glasses are always
near at hand, for make the very pc
culiar use of them in my small studio for
getting distance
Instead of pacing back from a paint
ing cto admire my work as the child
expressed it, merely look at it through
the far end of my glasses. So, since
other end gives me very interesting close
ups of my bird neighbors and l do not
hesitate to use them.
Just the other evening my sister and
I had an amusing session watching a
wood thrushs bill work while singing.
He was only about 10 feet from the
window and We could practically look
down his throat with the glasses. With
his up-inf1ected period his bill would
stretch incredibly wide, but with the final
downwardperiodo of his song he would
start with 1t wide and finish with it
almost shut
And before each period he seemed to
lick his lips The whirring sounds pre-
ceding each period were accompanied by
peculiar and varying contortions of his
bill.
ut is during the time that the trees
are sWarming with migrants that I find
the glasses most useful. A strange bird
will afford you one glimpse and disappear
into the leaves. Next moment, likely as
not, another variety will emerge to give
you one glimpse before slipping back in,
making it difficult at times to tell if it
was the same bird or not
Evening star., 1943-06-08

ers, has wiped out a form of discrim-
ination which has been wholly lack
ing in justification. The ruling, it
is true, rests on war powers and is
binding only for the duration of the
conflict. But because the boards
reasoning is so obviously sound, and
its objective so eminently just, it is
to be hoped that the principle enun-
ciated in the Texas case will be car
ried over into the days of peace that
are to come.
Evening star., 1943-06-08

be served by giving your support to our
President in his struggle to free himself
OF the same chains that bind you. No
one Is perfect-We all make mistakes,
but we all expect and have the right to
the opportunity to correct our errors.
No one can deny that Mr.. Roosevelt
consistently has put the interests of the
workers (this includes the miners) second
only to the necessities and welfare of
our troops and our Allies In this global
war.
Now. and until the war is over, let us
concentrate on winning the war.
M A. H.
Evening star., 1943-06-08
benito in Trouble
From the Kansas City Kansan.

From the Kansas City Kansan.
After al, the only quarrel the free
world can have with the italian people
is their mistaken acceptance Of Fascism's
false hopes and their continued obeisance
to II Duce. Surely, once the full realiza-
ton Of their mistake is visible, they
should be willing to accept the relief
from slavery under which they have been
living, not merely for the war years, but
for all the years they have kowtowed to
that bu6oon, NussoNni.
Evening star., 1943-06-08
Incidental Troubles
OF Motorists Reported.
To the Editor of The Stap.


The Star chronicled the arrest of mo-
torists for violating standing regula-
tions as they waited on busy thorough
fare during rush hours to get gasoline.
A police captain was quoted as having
said that he would not have ordered the
arrests had the motorists waited on
street not main artery.
That sounds all right, but I'd like to
ask the captain how he would handle
the situation at Wisconsin avenue and @
street, in Georgetown, where both streets
are main arteries, and where it has been
impossible to get gas at any of the three
stations located on the corners there
except during rush hours. These three
are the main stations in Georgetown,
and motorist cannot possibly get gaso-
line from one of them without violating
the regulation, as the police captain in
terprets it.
NELSON ANDERSON.
Evening star., 1943-06-08

Who recalls those "olden" times
when Uncle Samuel used to gather
his starry-eyed nieces and nephews
around his knee and explain care
fully that the real underlying reason
for gasoline rationing was to save
tires?
Evening star., 1943-06-08
Letters to the Editor

Letters to the Editor must
bear the name and address of
the 1Driter, although the use of
a pseudonyn1 for publication is
permissible. The Star reserues
the right to edit all letters 1uith
a Uie1O to condensation.
Evening star., 1943-06-08

Appetizers-In the season of light
er lunches and suppers, outdoor
meals and picnics this collection of
300 tested recipes for salads, sand
wiches, soups, hors d'oeuvres and ap-
petizers will prove especially useful.
You will be surprised how many de-
lightful things, suitable for the sea-
son, can be economically made from
materials usually on hand in the
kitchen. Make the hot weather menus
attractive, diversified and appetizing,
as we'll as healthful. To secure your
copy of this attractive booklet inclose
IS cents in coin wrapped in this clip
ping and mail to The Star Informa-
ton Bureau.
Name
Address
Evening star., 1943-06-08

@. How many West Point graduates
have become generals?-E. L. H.
A. In the history of the academy over
1000 graduates have become generals.
Q. On what date was the new cave
discovered in the Rock OF Gibraltar
P. F. j.
A. The huge cavern was discovered
on March % by sappers who were en-
gagged in blasting tunnel in the rock
@. Did Queen Victoria ever attend
the British Derby?-M. C. J.
A. The Queen attended with the
Prince Consort in 1910. It was one Of
her prime ministers, Disraeli, who dubbed
the event, Blue Ribband Of the Turf"
O. Are snakes found all over tho
world?-O. B. j.
A. They are distributed over almost
the entire world with the exception OF
New Zealand. Hawaii Iceland and pos
sibly Ireland.
O. What was the Wars Of the Roses"
campaign?-D. K. o.
A. The campaign for governorship Of
Tennessee in 1886 between the two broth
ers Robert L. (Bob) Taylor, Democrat,
and Alfred A. (Alt Taylor, Republican.
1t was a hotly-contested but good tenn
pered campaign which ended in victory
for Bob. ALT become Governor in 1921.
O. Which is the most dangerous
animal?-P R. D.
A. The African buffalo is the most
dangerous of all the larger animals.
Instead of making blind charge it will
hunt out its enemy as a dog will rat
and will even resort to skillful trickery.
@. How much of the worlds petro-
leum is produced by Axis nations?-D.
B. O.
A. In 1912 the Axis countries pro-
duced 6 per cent of the worlds petroleum
as against "a per cent produced by the
United Nations.
@. Is the Pan American highway
nearly complete?-P. D. N.
A. The Central American republics
have completed about three -fourths of
driving. In South America more than
10000 of the $4,000 projected miles are
ready.
@. What is the name OF the famous
melody that is played entirely on ono
string of the violin?-F Y.
A. "Air on the G String" by Bach. It
was originally in D. but August Wilhelmt
transposed it to the key of which makes
it possible to play the piece entinely on
the G string of violin.
@. What age must boy be to enlist
In the Sea Scouts?-E. w. B.
A. The minimum age limit for enroll.
ment in the Sea Scouts is Is.
@. What is the correct pronunciation
Of "Oklahoma" "?-D. S. D.
A. The name of this State is pro-
nounced lowe kla hoe ma" Both o's are
long.
@. Did the Apostles themselves for
mulate the Apostles Creed?-G. G.
A. According to an early legend this
is so. though there is slight documentary
proof. Many suppose the creed to have
been taken from the confession of Peter,
Matthew xvi.l6 The earliest authentic
works Of st. Irenaeus, who died in 2O2
AID. when about 80 years old. The
Apostles Greed has been adopted either
in part, or as whole, by practically every
Christian church.
Evening star., 1943-06-08
Miners Appealed To
In Interest of Victory.


To the Editor OF The Star:
AS free individual, an American,
neither miner nor an operator, not
now or ever a member of any union.
and yet able to get along, I should like
to address this to all miners:
My sympathy goes out to you In this
hour of your anguish, torn as you are
between doing what your patriotism and
conscience bids you to do and what
you are constrained to do by John L.
Lewis. You no doubt are aware that
you, as much as any of the enemy, are
perpetrators Cunwillingly and lnwit-
tingly, I am sure) of crime against
your sons, daughters, sweethearts and
relatives in the armed forces, by refusing
to demonstrate to yourselves, to each
other and to the world that you can
and will break the chains that have
been placed upon you by your misguided
leader.
At any rate, the war must be won
first. What would it profit you to gain
the demands your leader is making flor
himself because of the power 1t will
give him, and not for YOU'D, If thereby
you lose yourselves-your manhood, your
country, your freedom?
do not advocate violence IT, free
yourselves of this dictator. There are
other means by which the same result
may be achieved, as you well know You
can shame him-shame him as he has
shamed you before all the world You
can shame him by ignoring his dictates,
as he is ignoring your real wishes and
interests in these trying and dangerous
times.
Secure for yourselves Z new leader
one who feels as you do.
Your best interests at this time Will
Evening star., 1943-06-08
Coolidge Sentiment
On Strikes Recalled.
To the Editor of The 9tar.

In September, 1919. Calvin Coolidge.
then Governor Of Massachusetts, sent
this message to Samuel Gompers, then
president of the American Federation
OF Labor: There is no right to strike
against the public safety by any one,
anywhere, anytime!"
JAMES PHILLIPS,
Evening star., 1943-06-08

The week just ended was Noise
Abatement Week." dedicated to the
elimination of all unnecessary noises.
And now, how about hfty-one more
Of them7
Evening star., 1943-06-08

@. How many West Point graduates
have become generals?-E. L. H.
A. In the history of the academy over
1000 graduates have become generals.
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-12-08
SOuthernDemOcratSMav
FOrmOwnP OliticalPartv

Byrd said Guffey "struts around
like a pouter pigeon" asserted
there was mot one iota of truth" in
the Pennsylvanian's charge and de-
clared that unless he resigned I'll
have good deal more to say"
Gutfey gripped his desk and a.
rose With pale face. mo threat is
going to scare me from doing my
duty he said. "I'n be glad to
give the Senator from Virginia my
history"
He went on to refer to his indict-
ment by a New York Grand Jury
years ago on a charge Of embezzl-
ing public funds while he was
alien property custodian in World
War I.
1T was nolle pressed without my
ever having to employ a lawyer,
he added.
Gut1eys original charge that
Southern Democrats combined with
Republicans to defeat legislation
Tor a Federal war ballot among
armed service personnel was made
n a statement Saturday. He called
it IAN unholy alliance to deprive
the armed forces of America of
the right to VOTE" and said it was
Pew and Senator Byrd.
Pew, Pennsylvania oil man,
long has been active in national
republican circles
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-12-08
ZNAMENKA'S FALL
HELD IMMINENT
Continued from Page One)

showed again Russian strategy OF
maintaining the initiative along
the 600-mle front by successive jail
at widely separated areas. AS the
White Russian front apparently
subsidized in activity the South Uk.
rai),ian armies took the offensive
hundreds Of miles away, present.
ing The Germans with the problem
OF moving reserves again.
Into this category fell the Kiev
bulge, established in the first
flush of victory at Kiev as Soviet
troops swept swiftly westward te
capture Zhitomil and Korosten. The
Germans replied with an immedi.
ate counter-attack of considerable
strength, concentrating heavy
teams OF men and materials or
narrow fronts to win break :
throughs by sheer weight. The Rus
slams retreated successfully from
Zhitomir and Korosten but still
l. held Chernyakhov and Turchinks
on the railroad between the two
functions as we'll as Ovruch to the
north.
The fighting today was in thu
Chernyakhov area where the Rus
slams said 'our troops continued tt
wage fierce engagements agains
large forces of enemy infantry ane
tanks and under their pressure
evacuated several populated plac
es''