davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1943-09-19

change Of information between American
and Soviet trade unions. Furthermore,
the AFT. stipulated it should be the sole
judge of American representation on the
committee.
Thus the CIO was frozen out of the in
ternational picture.
AS far as the independent railroad
brotherhoods are concerned, an amalga-
nation with either AFL or CIO is not
even seriously considered
Thus, continued division Is indicated
by all the evidence. Still, the old-timers
will tell you not to bet too far ahead on
labor politics. They'll cite you the case
of John L. Lewis, who quit the fedora
ton, built the CIO, quit that.
They'll recall one of Lewis famous
speeches at CIO convention when one
of the delegates proposed exploring the
possibilities of peace with the AFL.
Il" said Lewis, have been an explorer
In the AFL. Explore the mind of Bill
Green? have done lot of exploring in
Bills mind and I give you my word there
is nothing there. If I know the
temper of the United Mine Workers, they
do not propose now or in the future to
return to the AFL and be led by a man
who betrayed them. William Green be-
trayed his union and abandoned it,"
That was only three years ago. Yet,
since then, Lewis has applied for read
mittance to the AFL, whose president Is
still william Green.
Politics In the American labor move
msnt u that unpredictabls, but the evi-
denes nevertheless Is still against peace.
Evening star., 1943-09-19
By Ruth Cowan,
Associated Press Writer.

trader. But shopkeepers are facing new
disaster. With the Allied bombardment
of the Ruhr, many thousands of Ger
mans were evacuated to Poland. To halt
their grumbling, German authorities are
evicting Poles from their shops and turn
ing them over to the evacuees.
The "black market'-a name despised
in free countries-has an almost patriotic
meaning in Poland. Every day thousands
of smugglers, risking great danger travel
sometimes hundreds of miles from War
saw to return with food to help the citi-
zenry survive.
On the surface, daytime life appears
more or less normal. Streets are shabby,
but people go about their business. Chill
dren go to school, although only primary
and trade schools have been left open
and subjects like history, religion, geog-
raphy and Polish have been discontinued.
But under this surface of seeming nor
malcy runs current of constant Wig
lance. People never relax They know
that few days peace is just short in
terval between new blows that bring
misery to countless families.
Lapanka Mass Roundup.
There is word with a new meaning
in the Polish dictionary-"lapanka
mass roundups OF human beings. There
are two kinds-political "lapankas," dur
ing which the Gestapo arrests all per-
sons suspected on political grounds, and
roundups for forced labor. But the Ger
mans do not even observe their own
regulations Is to who is liable to forced
labor. The local German chief OF labor,
under instructions from Berlin to de-
liver a certain quota OF laborers into
Germany, merely orders the arrest and
deportation OF all men and women caught
in q "lapanka," regardless of age or
physical condition.
A number of trucks filled with police
and Gestapo agents surround chosen
locale. Men, women and children caught
Evening star., 1943-09-19

(See LABOR, Page C-3)
Evening star., 1943-09-19

within the area are driven away in
trucks to a Gestapo depot. There they
are kept in huge huts without food. In
political "lapankas" those who do not
satisfy the Gestapo are sent to concen-
tration camps. In labor roundups men,
women and children over IA years of
age are packed into trucks and deported
to Germany.
There was the instance of the German
attempt to break up trading in market
place known as the "kercelak" in War
Of London's famous Caledonian market
one formerly could buy or sell anything
from puppies to worn-out phonograph
records
A big "lapanka" expedition set out one
morning intending to catch the traders
by surprise. But the Poles had their
sentries and when the Germans arrived
the district was empty. It happened
several times. Then, instead of using
the familiar trucks, they sent military
unit, preceded by band, into the dis
trict. This caught the traders unaware
and the soldiers trapped several thous-
sands. But other traders were in their
place the next day.
GalIows Ends Market.
Then one morning big gallows graced
the square. The traders gave up and
found a new district.
Streets are crowded in late afternoon
after work. Curfew is at pm, and
Poles have but two hours to visit friends.
Everywhere ut street corners there are
bands Of unemployed musicians, students
and demobilized soldiers. Two theaters
are open to Poles, but no plays by any
Allied author can be produced, nor can
any Polish music be heard. Cafes owned
by Poles are jammed.
AS 8 pm. approaches the people rush
home to the kitchen where it is warm
est, and to listen for the dreaded sound
OF heavy boots on the stairs, for the
Germans especially like to carry out
arrests and searches at night.
The escaped Pole said he wanted to
make clear that what is happening in
Poland now-the killing of Gestapo men,
sabotage in factories destruction OF rail-
way bridges-are not spontaneous acts
of individuals or groups Of patriots, but
are the regular work of an organization,
powerful and big, spreading over thou
sands of villages and towns, embracing
many thousands of men and women.
The newsboy who jumps on the steps
Of a moving tramcar shouting Germans
chased out of Tunisia. Cheer up, folks.
1t won't be long now," is not just lad
trying to sell papers. He is messenger,
soldier of the Polish underground
Not long ago notices appeared saying
that, as punishment for slack work in
the factories, the Germans had ordered
removal of the monument to Kilinski,
Warsaw's special hero. The next day
huge hand-painted notice was posted on
another monument, that Of Nicolaus
Copernicus, famous Polish astronomer.
1t read: LAS punishment to the Germans
for shameless theft of Kilinski's monu-
ment, 1 extend winter on the Russian
front for another three months. Signed,
Copernicus"
On the last anniversary Of Polands
national day, May 3, the German broad
cast of news was suddenly interrupted
with the playing of the Polish anthem
"POland Has NOT parished
Evening star., 1943-09-19

LONDON.-Today, four years after
Hitler conquered Poland, German SOL
diers still are not allowed to walk the
streets of Warsaw alone
After four years of prosecutions and
cruelty the Gestapo still carries on mass
murder, mass deportations and mass
arrests. But the Germans still are afraid
of hunger stricken Poland.
The story of what life is like in Warsaw
has been brought here by formerly
well-to-do Pole who escaped to join the
Polish Army here as an officer
To describe him further would be to
invite German retaliation on relatives
Of any missing man who might At the
classification.
He said that those who knew Warsaw
in prewar days would not recognize the
well-known streets in the shapeless ruins
stretching for miles, the people, a color
less crowd, tired-looking, dressed in rags,
with pale, sickly faces and nervous fur
tive movements.
Warsaw wakes up at am. when the
peasant carts begin Gathering on the
cobbled streets of the suburbs, bringing
vegetables for Germans only. Poles can
not buy vegetables or fruit All they have
is what they can grow in the narrow
strips of soil along the city pavements
which once were parkways.
Crowd Hunts for Food.
simultaneously with the peasant carts
appear the first city-dwellers, morning
shift workers on their way to toll for the
invader. In the tram-cars the first two
benches, reserved for Germans, are still
empty, SO the Poles can talk4a little more
freely-exchanging local news and fur
lively whispering bits of information
heard overnight on the radio from TIE
United States or Britain.
BY 8 o'clock the streets are crowded
with people going to work, starting on a
hunt for the means to live, or simply
those who have no homes.
Unlike the occupied countries of Ho!-
land, Belgium and France, Poles get no
clothing coupons. People 60 on wearing
their prewar clothing. Production of
leather shoes is forbidden and the streets
echo with the clatter of wooden shoes.
Warsaw housewife needs wits, cour-
age and plenty of money. Official food
rations for Poles constitute starvation
diet. A grownup is entitled to ounces
OF meat, ounces of -four eggs and 6
ounces of beetroot jam per month. He
gets ounces of bread day There is no
milk or fat ration. Nor is there any fuel
ALLEGATION. Electricity is cut off except
for three hours in the winter and two in
the summer
Countless trainloads of food leave Po-
land daily for Germany or the Russian
front. Shops supplying German clients
are full of food. German soldiers send
provisions to their families back home,
The Germans hold Polish workers to
their prewar wages, yet prices on some
items have increased so times.
Population Turns to Trading.
In an effort to survive, the people sold
their possessions, then found that trade
was possible escape from starvation.
Society women university professors and
seamstresses Wed with peddlers Some
went from house to house Others opened
small shops. Today 80 per cent of the
population trades.
This keeps money floating from hand
to hand, leaving narrow margin for the
Evening star., 1943-09-19

CIO unity. Big factor is the vested in
terests Of individual leaders which only a
grass-roots groundswell could overcome.
True, there are instances Of friendly
cooperation between the two major la
Dor movements, but these have been
mostly superficial.
ALL and CIO leaders campaigned to-
gether to roll back food prices, to raise
ths wage ceiling. to oppose certain lesis-
lataen. They got together long enough
Evening star., 1943-09-19

Congress to approve his plan.
as ever on the issue OF international
trade union cooperation. When the
British Trades Union Congress set up
an Anglo-Soviet trade union committee,
it invited the AFL to join and make it
tripartite affair. The AFL refused to set
down in the same room as the Soviet
trade unionists and agreed only to an
Anglo-AxneYican conamittse-the British
then could b the medium for any q.
Evening star., 1943-09-19

(See PEACE, Page C-3J
Evening star., 1943-01-21
Edwin {. zavitz Heads
SidWeN Friends School

Appointment of Edwin C. Zavitz
as headmaster of the Sidwell
Friends School was announced to-
day by J. Austin Stone, chairman
of the Board of Trustees. Mr..
ZavitZ has served as headmaster of
the Washington and Baltimore
Friends School since September,
but beginning with the next aca-
demic year he will devote his time
to the administration of the school
here.
Prior to his seven-year service as
headmaster of the Baltimore school,
Mr.. Zavitz was headmaster of the
University School in Cincinnati and
Chateau de Bures, school for
American and French boys near
Paris and was assistant professor
of education at Antioch College in
Ohio.
Mr.. zavitz began his teaching
career in 1914 as member of the
staff of the Sidwell School. Dur
ing the World War he was in
France IA months with the Amer
ican Friends Service Committee in
relief and reconstruction work, and
was granted leave of absence in
the fall of 1941 to work again with
the service committee in the move
ment of British children to this
country,
Evening star., 1943-01-21
Funeral Services Held
For Mrs. Dorothy Grant

Funeral services for Mrs. Dorothy
B. Grant, 55, who died TUESDAY at
the Washington SanitarIum in Ia
koma Park, Md, after an illness of
several weeks, were held this morn
ing at st. Michels Catholic Church,
Silver Spring, followed by burial in
Cedar Hill Cemetery.
Born in Whitestone, Long Island,
N. Y, Mrs. Grant came to Washing
ton as young girl and studied
music at the Academy of Visitation.
She studied voice under Katie Will
son Greene and appeared in a num-
Der OF musical presentations in the
istrict.
She had been a resident Of Silver
Spring for more than 30 years, NOV
ing to the Woodside section with
her husband, Percival Ashby Grant,
who built many of the residences in
Woodside and WoodSide Park. Mr..
Grant is now with the Government
as an inspector of construction work.
Besides her husband, Mrs. Grant
Is survived by a son, Ashby Martin
Grant Of Silver Spring, and four
grandchildren. A sister, Mrs. Lydia
Sarriera of Havana, Cuba, and a
brother. Martin Doolan of Califor-
MIA, also survive.
Evening star., 1943-01-21
Dr.. Bradshaw, Edison S
Physician, Ends Life
By the Associated Press.

by tne ASSOCldbSu fItSs.
ORANGE, N. j., Jan. 81. 49, Dr.
John Hammond Bradshaw, 30, who
for 40 years had been personal ply
sician to the late Thomas A. Edison
and members of the inventors FAM
lily, was found dead here yesterday
in his gaS-filled office.
Dr. c. A Beling, assistant county
medical examiner, certified DR.,
Bradshaw's death as suicide by
inhaling illuminating gas"
Police broke into the Office after
Dr. Bradshaw's nurse, Mrs. Laura
Brown, found the door. locked and
detected gas fumes.
A native of Boston, DR.. Bradshaw
specialized in surgery for more than
half a century. Since 1888 he had
been a consulting surgeon at the
Jersey City Medical Center.
DR.. Bradshaw accompanied Mr..
Edison on several winter trips to
Florida, where he associated with
many of the inventors friends, in
cluding Henry Ford and the late
Harvey Firestone.
Surviving are a son, John H.
Bradshaw jr., of Madison, N. j., and
two grandchildren. John H. Brad
shaw, Sd, ard Barbara Kellogg
Bradshaw Mrs. Bradshaw, jr., is
a niece of the late Secretary of State
Frank B. Kellogg, and her husband
was co-ordinator in lease-lend ac-
tivities with the British Purchasing
Commission in 194l.
Evening star., 1943-01-21
Charles Kramer, Former
Representative Dies

Former Democratic Representa-
tive Charles Kramer, SO, of the 18th
District of California, died yester-
day in Los Angeles, the Associated
Press reported.
Elected to the House in 1882. Mr..
Kramer served continuously for 10
years before being unseated last
November by Norris Poulson, Re
publican.
Born in Paducah, KY. Mr.. Kramer
was educated in parochial schools
in Chicago and attended De Paul
University and Illinois College of
Law He was admitted to the bar
in Chicago in 1907 and in California
in 1917.
He is survived by his widow and
daughter, Mrs. Frank E. Mauritz
of this city.
Evening star., 1943-01-21
DrathH

TERRELL, WILLIAM H. H. On Monday
January Is, 1943, at his residence, 1880
Columbia rd. NV. WILLIAM H. H. TER
RELL, beloved husband of Alberta Brooks
Terrell and brother of Mrs. Laura T. Jones
and Robert c: and Fred D. Henry and
the late judge Robert Fl. Terrell Also sur
viving are other relatives and many friends
Friends. may call at his late residence after
noon Thursday, January 21.
Services at the Mcguire funeral home,
1920 9th st. NV. Friday, January 30, at
/ pm. Friends invited. Interment Lin
coin Memorial Cemetery. 21
TERRELL. WILLIAM II. H. The Ban
neker Relief Association announces the
death of WILLIAM H. H. TERRELL Fu-
neral Friday, January %. 1943. from Nc
Cures funeral home, 1920 9th st. NV.
at l o'clock,
L. DE REEF HoLToN. President.
ALFRED F. SELBY. Secretary.
TUCKER, DARNELL. On Wednesday.
January 10, 1913, DARNELL TUCKER,
beloved brother of Nathaniel, Louise, Nor
ris,. Mckinley, Roosevelt, Winnie, Alien
and Alice Tucker.
Notice of funeral later. Arrangements
by w Ernest Jarvis.
WALTERS, EGBERT R. Departed this
life on Tuesday. January 10, la43, at
Frsedmen's Hospital. EGBERT R. WAL
TIERS. beloved son of Efie Walters.
Notice of funeral hereafter,
Evening star., 1943-01-21
DR.. William P. Collins,
Veterinarian, Dies

DR.. William Patrick Collins. vet
erinarian, died today at his home,
1880 Woodley road NV, where he
had been confined by Ill health
since September.
Dr. Collins, who received his
training as veterinarian in Chi
cago, had practiced here for 80
years. He was we'll known in racing
circles for his work among thor
oughbred horses in many of the
big stables of the country. He main
tanned an office at 2130 P street NV
DR.. Collins, native of Waltham,
Mass, is survived by his widow
Mrs, Sara Collins; brother, Henry
Collins of Washington; a sister in
Washington. Mrs. Mary Harrington,
and three sisters in Waltham.
Mass will be celebrated at 9 am
Saturday at ST. Thomas Church
followed by burial later in Maiden
Mass.
Evening star., 1943-01-21
Clarence Hunnicutf
To Be Buried TODAY

Clarence Hunnicutt. SO, will be
buried in Cedar Hill Cemetery this
afternoon, following funeral services
at the home, 821 Emerson street
NV. The Rev. Edwin B. Harris of
the. Good Shepherd Episcopal
Church will officiate.
Mr.. Hunnicutt, who died Monday
at Sibley Hospital, was employed for
more than Is years at the Raleigh
Haberdashery. A native and life
long resident of this city, Mr.. Hun
nlcutt was a member of Acacia
Lodge No. Is, FAAM, and Columbia
Commandery, No. 2, Knights Tenn
plar.
Surviving Mr.. Hunnicutt are his
widow, Mrs. Josephine Hunnicutt:
a son, Lloyd j., and a grandson.
Evening star., 1943-01-21
YMCA Membership
10 Pct. Over 1912

The Central Branch of the YMCA
today announced 10 per cent in
crease in its membership for 1s43
compared with last year. bringing
the total to 1868. This total in
cludes 4,375 new members.
Net receipts for 1912 totaled s59,-
25s73. or $3,40220 over the previous
year
Newly-appointed members of the
Promotion and Public Relations
Committee for the coming year in
clude William c. Hanson, chairman;
Arthur c. Pearson, vice chairman,
and Maj. Harold D. Kraft, John w.
Heiney, Randolph G. Bishop, George
&. Harris, Dudley F. Hoffman, James
w. Harvey and E. c. Giddings.
Evening star., 1943-01-21
Mrs. Asa Leigh Gilbert
Funeral Services Held

Mrs. Willie Emma Gilbert, who
died Sunday at Garfield Hospital.
was buried yesterday at Glenwood
Cemetery following funeral services
at pm. at Hines funeral home.
She was u.
Mrs. Gilbert, wife of Asa Leigh
Gilbert, was resident of the Dis
trict for 40 years. A native of Nash
Vile, she attended Ward Belmont
College. Mrs. Gilbert, active in
church work. was member Of the
National Baptist Memorial Church,
where her husband is deacon.
She is survived by her husband,
two children, Mrs. Marguerite Dell
Sale of this city and Russell Lotion
Gilbert of New York, and three
grandchildren.
Evening star., 1943-01-21
James Kirby Rites Set
AT Warrenton Tomorrow

James D. Kirby, 1705 Euclid street
NV, who died Tuesday, will be
buried tomorrow at Warrenton, Va,
following services in the afternoon
at the Methodist Church there.
Mr.. Kirby, native of Warrenton,
had lived in the District for the past
46 years. For number of years
he was connected with Magruder
& Co. and before that with G.. G.
CornWell e. Sons.
Mr.. Kirby was the son of the late
Capt. James D. and Julia c. Kirby
of Warrenton. His father was a
member of the Warrenton Rifles in
the Confederate Army. Surviving
Mr.. Kirby are his widow, Mrs. Hat
tie E. Kirby of this city; a brother,
Walter c. Kirby, Arlington, and a
sister, Miss Constance Kirby, War
renton.
Evening star., 1943-01-21
Fall Kills w. Lee Lewis,
Inventor of War Cos

BY the Associated Press.
CHICAGO, Jan. 2l.-W. Lee Lewis,
chemist and inventor of the Lewisite
gas produced for Allied armies in
the World War, but never used. died
in hospital in suburban Evanston
last night of injuries suffered whtn
he fell from second-story porch of
his home Tuesday.
MIR. Lewis, who was head of the
department of chemistry at North
western University from 1919 to
1924, had been in ill health for sew
eral months, Evanston police said.
He served in the chemical war
service in the last war and 1t was
toward the close of the conflict that
he invented the gas that bears his
name.
Evening star., 1943-01-21
Rites Are Planned Today
For Carl H. Swafford

Carl H. Swafford, 81, former Navy
Yard employe, who died Tuesday at
his home, 241 Eleventh street Sc,
will be buried today in Cedar Hill
Cemetery, following funeral services
at l pm. at the Southeast branch
of Chambers funeral home, SIT
Eleventh street.
Mr.. Swafford, born in Clayton,
Ga, had lived in the District for
the past - years, and was a mem
Der of Grace Baptist Church, whose
pastor. the Rev Walton L. Mac
MILAN. is to oficiate at the services.
Mr.. Swafford is survived by his
parents, James and Mary Swafford;
three brothers, Eugene M. and
John F.. of this city, and Clyde
w. Swafford of Arlington, and two
sisters, Mrs. Eula " Sims and Mrs.
Ida E. Hooker of this city.
Evening star., 1943-01-21
Rev. DR.. Thomas Bishop
Funeral Held in Troy

Rites will be held in Troy, N. Y,
today for the Rev. DR.. Thomas M.
Bishop, II, retired Methodist clergy
man, who died here Monday at the
home of his son, Albert M. Bishop,
514 Shepherd street NV.
DR.. Bishop, who had resided here
after his retirement, is survived by
his widow, Mrs. Clara S. Bishop;
two sons and two daughters. In
addition to the son here, who is
general manager of the Smith
Tranefsr & Storage Co., they are
Wesley M. Bishop, Syracuse, N. Y:
Mrs. Dorothy Fish, Flushing, Long
Island, and Mrs. Edith Bolles,
Plattsburgh, N. Y.
DR.. Bishop attended Petworth
Methodist Church.
War bonds are the best buy on
the market today.
Evening star., 1943-01-21
Wholesale Food Index
Unchanged in Week

While price movements were quite
irregular during the week, the Dun
& Bradstreet wholesale food price
4ndex for January l9 remained un-
changed at the previous level, S403
This represented a rise Of Sc cents,
or 161 per cent. over the S3.47 re-
corded in the corresponding l942
week.
Prices for wheat, corn, rye, barley,
hogs and lambs finished higher than
a week ago, while oats, potatoes and
steers were lower.
Evening star., 1943-01-21
AUFEKTISEMENT
MANY never
SUSPECT CAUSE
OF BACKACHES
This Treatment Often Brings
Happy Relief

Many sufferers relieve nagging backaehe
quickly once they discover that the real
cause of their trouble may be tired kidneys,
The kidneys are Natures chief way of tax.
ing the excess acids and waste out of the
blood. They help most people eliminate about
pints day.
When disorder of kidney function permits
poisonous matter to remain in your blood.
u may cause nagging backache, rheumatic
pains. leg pains, swelling, pufTiness under
the eyes. headaches and dizziness.
Don't wait Ask your druggist for Doan's
Pills, used successfully by millions for over 40
years They give happy relief and will help
the 3 miles of kidney tubes flush out poison.
ous waste from your blood. Get Doan's Pills.
Evening star., 1943-01-21

No. IS, I, B. P. o. f. of W. is
hereby notified OF the funeral
OF Brother JOHN E. JOHNSON
from Dabney's funeral home on
FRIDAY, January 30. 1943. at
80 p.r1. Elks' services Thurs
DAY, January 21, at the Dab
ney funeral home at 9p.m.
JAMES T. ROSS,
Evening star., 1943-01-21
FUNERAL DIRECTORS.

FUNERAL DIRECTORS.
FRANK GEIER'S SONS CO.
1l13 7th St. NV Ma 2473
3605 l4th ST. NV. HO 1926
Our Charges Are Reasonable.
J. William Lees Sons Co.
eth and Mass. Ave. NE IL $500
FUNERAL DIRECTORS
Crnma tOriIIp1