Evening star., 1943-09-13

whose decisions would be based upon
application Of principles Of law.
But to assure peace there must
also be means for restraining aggres-
sors and nations that seek to resort
to force for the accomplishment of
purposes of their own. The peace
fully inclined nations must, In the
interest Of general peace and secu-
rity. be willing to accept response
bility for this task in accordance
with their respective capacities.
The success of an organized sys-
tenn of international cooperation
with the maintenance OF peace as
its paramount objective depends,
to an important degree, upon what
happens within as we'll as among
nations. We know that political con-
troversies and economic strife among
nations are fruitful causes Of hos
tility and conflict. But we also know
that economic stagnation and dis
tress, cultural backwardness, and
social unrest within nations, wher-
ever they exist, undermine all ef-
AoftS lOT StdDle peace.
The primary responsibility for
dealing with these conditions rests
on each and every nation concerned
But each nation will be greatly
helped in this task by the establish
ment' Of sound trade and other
economic relations with other ma
tions, based on a comprehensive
system of mutually beneficial inter-
national Cooperation not alone in
these respects, but also in further
ing educational advancement and
in promoting observance Of basic
human rights.
Duties Of Nations.
There rests on the independent
nations a responsibility in relation
to dependent peoples who aspire to
liberty, it should be the duty of
nations having political ties with
such peoples, of mandatories, Of
trustees, or OF other agencies, as
the case may be, to help the aspiring
peoples to develop materially and
educationally, to prepare themselves
for the duties and responsibilities
Of self-government, and to attain
liberty. An excellent example Of
what can be achieved Is afforded in
the record of our relationship with
the Philippines.
Organized international co-opera-
ton can be successful only to the
extent to which the nations Of the
world are willing to accept certain
fundamental propositions.
First, each nation should MAIN
tain a stable government. Each
nation should be free to decide for
itself the forms and details of its
governmental organization-so long
as it conducts it's affairs in such
way as not to menace the peace
and security of other nations.
Second, each nation should con-
duct its economic affairs in such
a way as to promote the most effec-
tive utilization Of its human and
material resources and the greatest
practicable measure of economic
welfare and social security for all
OF its citizens. Each nation should
be free to decide for itself the forms
of its internal economic and social
organization-but it should conduct
its affairs in such a way as to re-
spect the rights of others and to
play its necessary part in a system
OF sound international economic
relations.
Third, each nation should be
willing to submit differences aris-
ing between it and other nations to
processes of peaceful settlement,
and should be prepared to carry out
other obligations that may devolve
upon 1t in an effective system of
organized peace.
All of this calls for the creation of
a system of international relations
based on rules of morality, law and
justice as distinguished from the
anarchy Of unbridled and discordant