Evening star., 1943-03-04
Nozi Political Theories Beaten
At khorkov as Well as Armies
Ukroiniuns Cool to- German Colonization
And Economic Exploitation Programs

A doctor said that the Nazis had
taken scientific instruments con-
str.lcted Of platinum weighing 81
pounds, following Reichsmarshal
Hermann doering's orders Is chief
Of the four-year-plAn that this was
one Of the metals which must be
specially sought. Silver instruments
weighing IS pounds also were ship
ped to Germany from scientific In
stitutions.
The chief reason for this ap-
parent collapse In the new order
seems to be the Nazis' failure to
md Ukrainian nationalisU on any
thing like the scale they had ex-
pected and hoped. For years they
nurtured group leaders" for just
such an occasion and kept them
carefully tucked away during the
treaty period, but produced them
the moment the invasion began.
Largest Conquered Soviet City.
There Is no way Of estimating the
number Of nationalist" sympathiz-
ers except such reasonably good in
dications rs the fact that the Ger
mans never succeeded In establish
ing . civil government in Kharkov,
although 1t was the largest con-
quered Soviet city, and was gen.
orally considered by the Germans as
civilian winter supply base rather
than . forward military post.
The picture comedies well With
the snarling order issued by Field
Marshal Walter Won Reichenau
four months after the invasion to
the 9Th Army. since destroyed at
Stalingrad. Riechenau wrote with
the approval Of Hitler.
"The indifference Of numerous
elements who clatm to be anti
Soviet but are maintaining . policy
Of watchful waiting must yield to
the unequivocal determination to
cooperate actively against Bolshe-
vism. Otherwise, let no one COM
plain If he is held to be an ad-
herent Of the Soviet system and
treated as SUCH"
The Nazis' first step in Kharkov
was the appointment Of Prof. Aexei
Kramorenko, described as a "fanati-
cal nationalist" as burgomaster. A
district council subsequently was
established by appointment OF Ger
man military authorities from lists
provided through the Ukrainian ma
tionalist organization "Pro-soviet." "
This elaborate setup, backed both
by the Gestapo and the Ukrainian
nationalist police, failed to achieve
any semblance Of civil government
according to the stories Of the in
habitants.
One of the next steps, which con-
tinued during the period Of occu-
patton, was an effort to recruit
UNainians for service in the Ger
man Army. One young man we met
said it was unsafe during the Nazis'
stay for youths to be seen on the
streets, sthey would be taken away
Immediately.
Another described the meeting to
which 500 youths were called. A
German officer read, first in Ger
man, then in Ukrainian, q docu-
ment declaring that the Nazis had
liberated" the Ukraine and that
Ukrainians now must join in its
defense.
The officer asked for volunteers.
Passports Of those who refused, ac-
cording to the account, were re-
moved and were not seen again.
The others were given German uni
forms and attached to German regi-
ments, but desertions began imme-
diately, the narrators said. One man
in the crowd said he knew 16 who
recently escaped as the army fell
back through the Kharkov region.
Because Of pressing police prob
lens, the Germans also undertook
to form "Ukrainian police" which
drilled first with sticks and were
given rifles only after a thorough
preliminary investigation. Those
still in the service evacuated with
the Nals. From the stories of the
inhabitants, they never achieved any
standing among the populace.
"Ukrainian nationalism," as fos-
tered by the -Nazis, was not unlike
other fraudulent civilizations they