davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Daily Alaska empire. [volume] (Juneau, Alaska) 1926-1964, 1943-03-26
BY GLADWIN HILL
AP Features


AT A u S. BOMBER STATION
| SOMEWHERE IN ENGLAND. =
This is a piece about ball-turret
gunners-those bland midgets who
whirl around in a three-foot fish
bowl under the belly of a Flying
Fortress, banging away at the
Ienemy with gun in each hand
1t is written by request-a kind OF
indirect tribute from the Fortress
men who are not hall-turret gum
ners.
We were sitting around the Of
4 ficers' club stove--a co-pilot, a
couple of navigators and som e
| ground officers-talking about fly
ing the Fortresses, and finally they
said almost in unison. You ought
! to write a story about ball-turret
Its the toughest job on the ship,
I in some ways. The ball-turret gun
ner doesn't get much credit. He's
a lonely son of a gun"
jsss Job Has Unique Lore
In the Fortresses' relatively short
history of American operation in
the European theater, the ball
turret job already has begun to
acquire its own unique character
and lore.
! 1t is not notably more danger
Gus than the four other principal
gun jobs--the two waist-gunners,
the top-turret man, and the tail
gunner. There is not an excep-
tionally high casualty rate among
ball gunners. But the job
4 has many unique features. It's
particular hazards are mainly men
| tai V
Being held under plane only
! by a blob of transparent plastic
is not exactly reassuring in itself
Il remember when 1 was doing
ball turret training back home, ="
one of the navigators said, Il was
scared stiff of falling, right there
on the field--three feet above the
ground
THE ball turret is no spot for a
largish guy with any tendencies
toward claustrophobia, because the
gunner has to work for hours in
la space too small for him even to
sit up properly. If they made the
turret any bigger, it would offer
too much wind resistance. He has
to bunch, half-sitting, half-lying
on the end of his spine, in po-
sition that has been most aptly
compared to that of an embryo in
a womb. Oddly enough, ball-turret
gunners seldom get cramps or tot
ter out of their posts at the enc
OF, a flight like kinked-up rumble
seat victims.
No Room to Roam
It's infeasible for the ball-tur-
ret man to climb up inside the
plane and circulate around as dt
lother members of the crew, once
he gets in there, he usually stays
What room he doesn't occup,
himself is taken up by breeches o
his two guns, to which are at
tached the controls of the powel
mechanism by which he whirls thu
turret around. He hasn't even room
in the globe for his parachute. H.
has to leave that up inside thu
Fortress, in the optimistic hop
that if the plane starts falling, he'll
have a chance to climb up and ge
it. 81
Where the other gunners ar
protected by armor plate on sew
eral sides, the ball-turret man ha
The Daily Alaska empire. [volume] (Juneau, Alaska) 1926-1964, 1943-03-26
SANITATION CHE(KUp
TO BEGIN, SkAGWAY,
ALSO IN KET(HIkAN

In order to inaugurate the pro-
gram Of restaurant and drink ham
, 1943-05-13

problem, nearly three-quarters of
all our war plants refused to hire
Negroes except as janitors. Many
of those which did confined them
to jobs below their skills.
Ability-Not Color
The employment of Negroes is
definitely a production factor. The
battle of production will be won
by skills and by manpower-re-
cr'uited, trained upgraded, and
fully utilized regardless of race,
creed, color, nationality, sex, or
age. There is more than enough of
war work to keep us all busy.
Shall we pay the price of racial
discrimination in impaired produc-
ton, and so lessen our chances of
speedy victory over the fascist
enslavers of labor? Unless Ameri-
can industry uses qualified Negro
workers, and trains additional ones,
just as we train white men and
women, we cannot have full pro-
duction.
Theoretically speaking, America
has long been the melting pot of
the world, opening her arms to all
peoples, however the Negro in
spite of any achievement remains
a race apart. Anachromistic tradi-
ton and foolish prejudice prevent
us from fully utilizing our hetro-
geneous humanity and from fur
thering the unity without which
a great nation cannot exist.
, 1943-05-13

The war department has added
more than 1000 to its civilian staff
in Washington during the last year.
Approximately SO per cent of these
are stenographers, typists and
clerks. Our government has also
helped private industry to extend
Negro employment-through the
work of the War Manpower Com
mission, and the Presidents Com
mittee on Fair Employment Prac-
tice, established under executive
order 1902. Tens of thousands of
Negroes are speeding ship con-
struction on both coasts; additional
thousands are pushing production
goals In aircraft, iron and steel,
tank factories, ordnance plants, and
many other industries.
Embryonic Naziism
In a recent survey of the hiring
schedules of selected war plants,
the Bureau of Employment Secur-
ity reported that 81 per cent of
2s2,245 expected job openings were
barred to Negro workers. Until
March of last year, at least $780,
600 male and an equal number of
female colored workers were
either unemployed Or underem-
ployed. Not only were these poten-
tial workers available, but many
of them were living in areas where
general labor shortages existed,
and where large-scale immigra-
ton of white labor occurred. Be
fore the government tackled the
, 1943-05-13

This was announced by the Res
gional WLB in approving salary in
creases for employees of four O. J.
Morrison retail department stores
in West Virginia and an S. S.
Kresge Co. variety store in Steu-
benville who would be paid not
more than 500 a week. The Morri-
son stores are in Fairmont, Point
Pleasant, Morgantown and Hunt
ington, w. Va.
The board also approved new
rates for As canneries, members of
the Ohio Gamers Association,
which were not above SO cents
an hour.
In both instances approval of
the proposed increases provided
that they could not be used as the
basis for raising ceiling prices.
The War Labor Board is power
less to approve proposed cannery
rates above so cents an hour, but
the Regional Board is referring
them to the National Board with a
recommendation that they be
placed before Economic Stabiliza-
ton Director James F. Byrnes "as
a question Of policy on which
prompt action is urgently needed"
The 79 canneries in the Ohio
Gamers Association employed IT,
900 workers during their peak last
season. They are having difficulty
recruiting workers this season be-
cause of the higher rates being
paid in nearby war industries.
Under the War Labor Board
wage policy, seasonal employers
cannot pay rates higher than they
Paid at the end of last season
without approval.
Since President Roosevelts hold
the line" order of April g., the
War Labor Boards authority to
approve wage increases has been
restricted to the Little Steel for
, 1943-05-13
Election Won
At Kay & Ess

A sweeping election was won on
May 6 by Local 103 of the United
Gas, Coke & Chemical Workers at
the Kay and Ess Company. The
United Mine Workers District SO,
reversed at the last minute and
withdrew from the ballot.
The final tabulation of the votes
showed a total of 28 for Local 1O3,
one spoiled ballot, and one vote
for no union. Local 1O3 is on the
road towards building a Union
that has possibilities of a large
membership in the Dayton area.
There are a number of plants in
Dayton that are eligible for the
Gas, Coke & Chemical Interna-
itonal, and an organizational drive
is being planned for the nea
future.
Register, Then VOte!-
MEMO to Frigidaire on:
The Latest Wrinkle
In Uniforms
From the Girls of 314
Those uniforms are not SO purity,
Specially when they get dirty.
Their baggy, saggy, bulgy drape
Does nothing for the female shape.
However, we will gladly don 'em
If they'll only use an iron on 'em.
, 1943-05-13

nula Us per cent owe January l.,
1941) and to correction of sub
standards of living. Employers may
still grant individual increases for
merit, increased productivity, pro-
motions, ETC., but they must be
consistent with a procedure es-
tablished prior to Oct. 3 in regard
to wages and Oct. q in regard to
salaries.
, 1943-05-13
FOR PROTECTION MILEAGE POWER

A NEW motor-cleaning agent
~ Observation-Disclosures by
SOHIO, makes this remarkable offer
possible. SOHIOTONE "purges"
your motor of dangerous wastes
quickly, safely, effectively restores
pepandpowerinwa observation-disclosures
In addition, the "ALL-OUT' Special
includes a COMPLETE GEAR OIL
, 1943-05-13

CHANGE for both transmission and
d~ifferential, and a MOTOR OIL
CHANGE Is quarts offamous SOHO
Motor Oily. All this for only 1851
Give your car q new wartime elf
with SOHIO's "ALL-OUT' Special
today. les just whas Ohio's "a
toned cars need to ~ bsttsr-s1
hngeri
, 1943-05-13
Minimum Wage Set
Bv War Labor Board

CLEVELAND, O-Until a comprehensive policy is formulated on
substandards of living, the Regional War Labor Board has received
authority to approve wage and salary increases which do not raise
wages over SO cents an hour or salaries over $40 a week.
, 1943-05-13
Looking At The
S%corebourd

Negroes are being used today in all branches of war industry. In
United States navy yards, in arsenas, in army environments, and at
naval bases, thousands of skilled and semiskiled Negroes are at work.
, 1943-05-13

Are You Registered?
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-03-20
Kaiser Accused
Of 81 Violations
OF Priority Rules

SAN FRANCISCO, March 10
.CUP)-The shipyard that gave
Henry J. Kaiser the reputation
iof I'm iracle shipbuilder' was
charged by the WPB today with
81 priority violations.
A subpoena was served on Off
Icials of the Kaiser Richmond, Cal,
Shipyard No. 3, whose production
techniQues have revolutionlzed
shipbuilding and stablis h d
records.
Among alleged violations cited
were the unauthorized purchase of
$4,000 feet of lumber, electric
motors costing S2,643,5S4 and
thousands of pounds of zinc plate
and copper Sheeting.
A WPB spokesman said IL had
not been determined what dis
culinary action would be exer-
cised. although he indicated, that
Suspension order might be
Issued. -" He emphasized however,
that no action which might retard
the war effort would be taken.
KAISER NOT TOLD
The WPB said the Kaiser pur-
chases constituted the greatest
series of priority violations on the
Pacific Coast and perhaps the
largest in the nation.
In Washington where he testi-
fed before the House labor COM
lmittee yesterday, Kaiser said he
was unfamiliar with the charges.
He said the first he knew of the
action was when he read OF it in
the newspapers.
'Tt's sad commentary on
American business that a man
building so many things for the
war has to learn of alleged viO-
lations from newspapers and not
from those who allege the vio-
lations." Kaiser said.
with 100000 employees and
thousands in purchasing depart
ments throughout the country.
IL we only make five mistakes
per month--all can say Is,
thank God we're that good.
IS MISTAKES A MONTH"
at just looks TO me that the
more fellow does, the more
he has to walk through the val
ley of the shadow"
The Kaiser company was ordered
10 answer the charges on March
% before WPB Commissioner w.
B. Owens.
The Kaiser Richmond yard was
charged with receiving materials
which its preference certificates
did not authorize it to accept.
This Is routine action to
have Manufacturers ven of
vital materials--get authorize
ton for their purchases and
share their ma teri al s." the
spokesman said. "The aim Is TO
have all follow along the line
used by the airplane manufac-
turers, who share their material"
The charges made no mention OF
exceeding the price regulations TO
make the alleged excessive pur-
chaSpS
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-03-20

WASHINGTON, March 10
QNS)-Henry J. Kaiser, west
coast shipbuilder, told a House
labor committee that his immense
would run out of steel
very shortly" if UNIV President
John l.. Lewis carried out his
threat TO call nationwide coal
strike.
Kaiser told reporters. after the
committee hearing on industry
absenteeiSm, that his own steel
plant at Los Angeles had less than
a months coal stock on hand.
In testimony on the threat 10
war production caused by absen-
teeism in war plants, Kaiser OPP
posed any immediate corrective
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-03-20
Cdsket Strike
BuridIs

NEW YORK, March 10 (INS)-
Fifteen casket makers in metro
politan New York were directed
by the WLB today not to nego-
tiate with 700 striking AFL en-
ployes until they return TO their
jobs.
The caSket makers went on
strike a week ago. creating a Sc
rious shortage of Baskets and caus-
ing health officials TO express con-
Germ over the problem.
In the city, only two-day sup
ply of baskets is on hand, accord
ing 10 manufacturers. At New
ark. n. j., health officials said
bodies might have TO be cremated
or placed m cold storage
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-03-20
Pity the Congress
Don't Bring Your War Troubles TO legislators,
Doctor Warns, They're Jittery Enough

cont weeks. attributed outright to
war strain. made j, advisable that
all members have a physical
chock-up right away.
That goes for the public. too,
ne said. because war nerves" in
Congress plainly are communl-
Gated from The people and repre-
sent a national condition which
"A little thought and care can
remedy.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-03-20

steps for preventing employe alb
Sences "eXsept on a voluntary and
free basis"
AbSenteeiSm in his industry,
Kaiser estimated, is divided into
one-third sickness. one-third eX-
CuSed and the other One-thlrd
absent for no particular reason.
The latter third, he said, runs
about , per cent in his shipyardS.
Kaiser told international News
Service that he soon would be
building dive-bomberS and fighting
planes for the armed forces on a
mass production basis.
KaiSer'S promise was based on
the fact that he had rounded up
more than 100000, 900 worth of
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-03-20
Miners Threat I'D Strike
PeriIS Kaiser SIlipyarGiS

plane contracts in the last two
weeks by taking over plants OF
the Fleetwing and Brewster air
craft companies.
Kaiser said that construction of
his giant cargo airplane was on
schedule, that the big ship would
be ready in April as he promised.
Kaiser last fall stormed Wash
ington with plans 10 build huge
flying boxcars TO beat the subma-
rine menace and the shipping
shortage. He said he could build
500 or 5000.
Amid considerable opposition,
he finally was given a go-ahead
10 build three of the giant flying
boats
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-03-20
RosenWald Donates
Art Collection 10 b 5.
WASHINGTON. March rs tUPl

WASHINGTON. March 10 CUP
The National Gallery Of Art and
The Library Of Congress announced
today acceptance of a collection of
prints. drawings manuscripts ana
rare books from Losing !. R0Scn-
wald. retired merchant ana
PhlanthropiSt of Jenkntown, Pa.
The prints and drawings include
works by Duror, Dauuler, Van
Dyck. William Blake and Whistler.
They Will be on exhibition az the
gallery. The larc books ana manu-
scripts VIII BE GA WOW al the
library
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-03-20
10 Held BY Policy Raiders

Five men and FIVE WON c n
arrested in a police raid on an
alleged policy house pickup station
at SALT Cameron were held today
on charges of conspiracy to violate
gambling laws. Raiders confis-
cate S64 in cash and ff225 bet slips.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-03-20
n.trcLt rLme. Ma.hLn.lan Ratrau

WASHINGTON. March 10 INS)
DIR George w. C7lver physician
10 the members of Congress, to-
dav suggested that the American
people take their war troubles a
little easier they're having a bad
effect on Congress.
He SAID pronounced evidence ~
f-a,eG CONGRESSIONAL nerves IN re-
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-03-20
Il 3d.,

Stunning Suits in classic
and tailored styles. Cor
geous new colors, plaids,
clearinghouse, tweeds and
shetland type fabrics
and Handsome Coats to
wear with them. An ex-
traordinary collection is
featured at 5000 each.
Evening star., 1943-09-29
Windsors in Capital
For Two-Day Visit

The Duke and Duchess of Windsor
arrived in Washington last night for
a two-day visit in the Capital that
will be devoted largely to official
business on the Dukes part. They
are en- route from Boston to the
Bahamas.
The Duke, in his role of Governor
General of the islands, will confer
with the British colonial supplies
liaison on Bahamian affairs, Brit
ish spokesman said.
The former King and his Ameri-
ean-born Duchess spent several
days in Boston visiting the Duchess
aunt, Mrs. D. Buchanan Merryman,
who is i'll. During their stay here
they will be guests at the embassy.
The visitors were greeted at the
Union Station last night by George
T. Summerlin, chief of Protocol of
the State Department., and Sir Ron
aid Campbell, charge d'affaires at
the British Embassy in the absence
of the Ambassador.
Evening star., 1943-09-29
War Bonds
Continued From First Page. J

each to pay for a Liberator bomber,
reported 18 additional members
joining those previously announced.
They are:
Theodore w. Moves, Lewis T.
Leonard, Miss Agnes Saul, Miss
Helen Castle, Henry w. Kearney,
Mrs. Flora NJ Walker, ]. E. Inman,
Carl j. Nyman, Mrs. Frank Wein-
stein, Edward D. Yonker, Miss Eliza
beth Anne Yonker, Mrs. Elizabeth
K. Yonker, James F. Sebold, Charles
H. Croft, Mrs. M. A. Wilson, Mrs.
Rose Katz, Miss Phyllis Hermann
and z. D. Blackstone. The club
members are buying $1,000 Series E
bonds to help augment the tagging
total in that category.
Other Third War Loan activity
included the following:
Retail stores reported favorable
progress in reaching the goal of 5000
set for each employe, with Julius
Garflnckel & Co. announcing their
sales had passed the $4,000 mark
and Morton's having reached the
$4,000 figure in the stores drive to
raise $4,000.
Federation Campaign.
Mrs. Carlton C. Duffus, War bond
leader of the District of Columbia
Federation of Womens Clubs, said
the organization has subscribed
more than $250,000 in a drive orig
inally planned to raise the $l10,-
900 cost of an ambulance plane.
= Frank Murray, Workmen's Circle
bond chairman, announced that the
club has raised se5, 900 of the SIC, 900
goal and expects to exceed its quota
by tomorrow.
Bond rallies held yesterday in
cluded:. An employees rallySat Gold
enberg's at 9 am: meeting of Dar-
by Printing Co. employees, at 4 pm,
where John A. Reilly, chairman of
the District War Finance Commit
tee, made the bond appeal, and q
rally of Ahepa Club members at
the Odd Fellows Temple, where
Charles H. Fleming was the speaker.
Rally at Noon.
G. H. Maher, Lions Club War bond
head, reported that the club was to
hold a bond rally at noon today at
the Mayflower Hotel, with Pvt. Hen
ry Jubinville who was injured in
the African campaign, speaking.
Solomon Feldman, the synagogue s
War bond head, announced bond
rally would be feature of the Beth
Shclom's Rosh Hashonoh services
at 1890 am tomorrow. Mr.. Field
man said the congregation had al
ready raised more than 100000 of
It's S250,000 goal. and that tomor-
rows appeal was expected to reach
the quota. Rabbi M. H Levinson will
be in charge of the rallY's bond sales
Evening star., 1943-09-29
Liner Rex Reported
In German Hands,
Savoia ScuffIed
By the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
WITH THE BADOGLIO Gov
ERNMENT IN ITALY, Sept, 26 de-
layed italian naval officers said
today that the liner Rex has fallen
into the hands of the Germans at
Trieste and that the Conte di Savoia
was scuttled by her crew at Venice.
These ships were the largest and
fastest of the Italian merchant ma
line and formerly made the Genoa
Naples-New York run.
The Italian ships Giulio Cesare
and Guilio. $4,000 tons each. we're
scuttled by their crews in the North
ern Adriatic, these officers said
The twin motorships Vulcania and
Saturnia, also formerly of the North
Atlantic run, were converted into
naval training ships. Both left
Northern Adriatic ports for the
south. manned by cadets. The
Vulcania was captured by the Ger
mans on the way, but the Saturnia
reached port controlled by the
Allies, the officers said
They disclosed also that the bat
tleship Cavour, which was hit by a
16-inch shell from British war
ship in naval battle early in the
war and later was torpedoed and
sunk in Taranto Harbor, had been
raised. They did not know its pres
ent whereabouts, however.
They also did not know the where
abouts of Italy's newest warship, the
Impero, which had been completed
except for an electrical system.
Many merchant ships, including a
large number taken from the
French. were reported in Genoa
Harbor, which is in German hands.
Evening star., 1943-09-29

bine the economic functions of the
Government In the foreign field, it
was said was made on the insistence
of War Mobilization Director Byrnes,
who contended such an arrangement
would make for more efficiency, and
that Congress would be more willing
to appropriate funds for, one, agency
than for number, many of whose
functions overlapped
Mr.. Byrnes was said also to have
pointed out that Congress would
hesitate to make appropriations for
any international agency such as the
administration hopes it can persuade
the United Nations to set up, with
Mr.. Lehman as its world director,
1t was Mr.. Byrnes' idea that
Congress would provide what funds
it believes justified for world relief
and rehabilitation to the Office of
Foreign Economic Administration,
and that agency in turn could dole
out Americas share to the interna-
tional agency.
Even under the new arrangement.
1t was pointed out, Mr. Crowley will
not have the complete .say-so on
what his agency does. The Presi-
dents order forbids any OFEA ex-
penditures outside the United States
except for programs approved by
Mr.. Byrnes' office.
At the same time the agency's
work abroad must conform to the
State Departments foreign policies.
Thus Secretary Hull apparently has
veto power.
Evening star., 1943-09-29
Big Guns in Position
As Army Show0uits
Monument Grounds

The process of restoring the
Washington Monument ,Grounas,
scene of the l8-day Army Back
the Attack" show which ended
Sunday night, continued in full
swing To-Day.
First to crate its material and
pull away was the Signal Corps,
followed closely by the Army Air
Forces Cranes were lifting Sec
tions of a Liberator bomber wing
spread yesterday, for hauling in a
huge trailer. At the Transportation
Corps site, military poxcars were
taken apart and hauled away. On
a railbed stood the 44-ton loco
motive which had been inspected
py thousands of visitors.
The Quartermaster Corps, Engi-
neer Corps. Chaplain Corps, Spe-
clal Services and other Army divi-
sions were getting ready for de-
parture.
Tanks and jeepS, barrage ball
loon and giant searchlight-these
and other heavy equipment were
missing yesterday. On the slope
near the Monument itself, types of
Americas largest artillery remained
in position. These are to be removed
possibly today or tomorrow.
Officials in charge of the event
said the three week exhibit was re-
markable in that no serious in
jury occurred, either during the
arena show or on the exhibit
grounds, though an estimated
100000 persons filed in and out
of the grounds.