davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1943-08-12
NOTICE TO

Estate of HENRY BANE, De-
ceased.
Notice is hereby given by the
undersigned Administrator of
the Estate of Henry Bane, de-
ceased, to the creditors of and
all persons having claims ag-
ainst the said deceased, to ex-
hibit them, with the necessary
vouchers, within four months
after the first publication of this
notice, to the said Administra-
tor at Hardin, in the County
OF Big Horn, State of Montana.
Dated at July 20, 1943.
BERT w. KRONMlLLER
Administrator Of the Estate of
Henry Bane, Deceased.
pub. July %, %, Aug. S, 12)
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1943-06-12
|NAACP Delegates From 80 States Blast us.
Government Policy On Treatment OF Negroes
Thrones Cheer Stirring Addresses By
RI. Thomas, Will Rogers And HASTE
BY HARRIET ROBINSON

The $4,000 eager citizens who filled Olympia sta
dun SUNDAY afternoon at the closing session Of the pe
,;r sor the Advancement of Colored People, heard the
s da Of statement which set forth the stand Of the
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1943-06-12
GETS POST
WITH JUSTICE
DEPARTMENT

Attorney General Francis Biddle
announced on May 81. the appoint
ment OF Martin A Martin. OF Dam
willie. Va. as an associate attorney
in the Trial Section. Criminal Di-
vision. Department OF Justice.
Mr.. Martin is the first Negro at
torney to be assigned 10 this
branch OF the department.
Mr.. Martin is 81 years old. q
native OF Pittsylvania County, Va
and graduate OF Howard and
Ohio State universities. lie was
graduated from the Howard law
school in 1895 and the same year
was admitted TO the Virginia bar
As president Of the Danville
(va) branch Of the National AS
ISOLATION for the Advancement OF
Colored People. he served as as
socIate attorney in the appeal OF
the Odel Waller case TO the su-
preme court Al the time OF his ap-
pointment TO the Department OF
Justice. Mr.. Martin was attorney
for the Dsnville Savings bank. the
oldest banking institution In Vir-
ginia. and for the Negro Building
and Loan association in that city.
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1943-06-12
POLICE AIDS BEATING OF
YOUTH WHOM WHITE MAN
WANTS OFF WOODWARD AVE.

While Peter hlne acf1 80 - p
Garfield and hs fend Alfonso
FGNvlge w'e on hvt Nay p q
theater On Woodward avenue nsar
Edmond s'ycw.lasf Friday iHey
were approa, he'd by an untrnaaed
white man who called i'heH us9
ms names ana aiiea Wny dong
ycu get IN Woodward ovenne'
have Do business over here
The remarks led 10 ne eN,hanee
OF blows and large crowd e''he,
ed Wnen police arrived So 'hs
seen. King and James Jackson. ~
es1 wa SON we're arrested hy Pa
irolman Harry Lee and his irh
Iayanci cruiser crew King said
police held his bands While white
spectator came up 90 the car and
smcs d him ia the face twice
kirr and Jackson we're booked
for investigation % assault and
we're released on order Of Detcr-
tive Patterson OF the Canheld sta
uan saturday at 3.i5 Pm
The TWO youth came 20 The Tri-
hume cniee and made a statement.
Klne said that one RI the officers
IN Che police cat sia,ea yoa
have no business on Woodward
avenue and your Kind should stay
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1943-06-12
DEATH COMES TO
WILLIAM JASON,
FORD ENGINEER

The Ford Motor company sus-
tanned another loss last Friday
in the death Of one OF It's key
men in the electrical engineer
ing department The passing OF
william Wallace Jason. So. OF 307
Hague avenue. brought to a close
his association OF twenty-five
years with he Ford company.
where he was recognized as a
brilliant authority in his field. lie
was frequently called upon to
work out difficult engineering
problems at the plant and he
solved them with uncanny skill
On Saturday. the day after his
death. letter reached the home
Of Mr. Jason. announcing that he
had been promoted to a position
as foreman a. the Ford plant.
Mr. Jason. whose death follow
ed a brief attack OF pneumonia,
(CoEtlnned on page y
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1943-06-12
NAACP SUPPORTS
WINIFRED LYNN IN
CASE AGAINST ARMY

The case az NnFod Lynn ROW
pending in the Us rnar Of APE
peals second disricf VAS assured
OF additional support. Vbsn lHr
NAACP. a. iis convention he'd last
week in Detroit decided 70 af lyrn
IN his attempt 10 compel the Army
authorities 10 extend 10 Negroes
he same right given TO other ctr.
zens ~ me rnltfd states
Lynn Is resident n Lon Island
ny NE worked as landscape
gardener. operating his own husi-
ness aud refused TO enter The Army
unless tho Government gave him
The status o. citizen with fun
rights free from the segregation
and discrimination which have been
evidenced IN the governments pol
Continued on page y
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1943-06-12
70 T H E
RECOR D
BY Ulysses ". BOYKIS


''''. / guess you had better give
Y iou have wined and dined and
ny aHd prayed to Mayor Edward
''rries. Jr for the crumbs
. ~, 'ae ci'y hall steps and he ups
promotes Is policemen and
Ivy oa' Of them boasts Negro blood.
beyond US how this thing can
:, 20 aud on. The superintendent
'''m Troopers Berg has
XIV quoted by persons who don't
s ,'Ae ! habit OF telling false
~. that the time il not lust
, w Tor Negro promotions. The
s'V''em down at police headouar
~. " that the officials refuse 10
~ WIN the Negro az an Ameri-
:. ''''zen on equal basis as 9th
~. ',uer'eans. Negro police should
r,.. ~ restricted to Negro act,vi.
,,.a mere IA a segregation pat.
,b,. "a me police department worse
HI mat OF the Army It's a real
,on LOW ' outft This is the rea.
,,a.. you have disrcspect and dis.
b., ~ Of the force by minority PEG.
n. c the rights guaranteed BY
I'M, constitution to all citizens Of
S NJ, country s.a Is equality Of oppor, u.
wo,. ".n includes the right ia
ned ar Iua to earn a living. quail
'"'y by fitness for the JOB with
Continued on page y
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1943-06-12
SAYS FORD
EMPLOYMENT
POLICY SAME

Although the Negro Personnel
department at the Ford Motor COM
pany has been eliminated. Negro
workers are still being hired and
no future change in the policy to-
ward Negro employees is contem-
plated by Ford Officials This
statement was made by Mrs. Alma
Ward, OF the Sociological depart
ment OF the Ford Motor company.
in an interview with the Detroit
Tribune, when was sanctioned by
Director Harry Bennett OF the
Ford company. who Is chief OF the
Ford Personnel department.
MANY false rumors and specu-
lations about the Ford company 5
attitude toward Negro employment
are being circulated" Mrs. ward
said and that is why Ford officials
want The public to know the facts
in the case.
The Ford company has on flle
numerous articles and pictures
clipped from newspapers. one OF
these. for example. is picture
showing Negro pickets who partic-
ipated in demonstrations at the
Ford plant. carrying banners bear
ing words like these: Down with
Jim Crow Employment at Fords'
Down With Marshall and ward.'
The men In the picture were Negro
workers and they were union mem
bers. so l assume the ford officials
thought the Negro workers and
Confined on page %
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1943-06-12
A Salute To The Daily Press

The pictures and strong editorial
relating the conference OF the NAACP here
published in the Detroit daily papers mark an en-
couraenR trend in and issues by the
local white press trend evidenced in the spen
did onpage and pictures carried in the daily newspapers
in the death Of the late Or George W. Carver Ia
nous scientist
laudabe and timely gesture the part Of he meiropo
tan toward unbiased OF and problems con-
people who represent large percentage OF their
reading public UNDECIDED and unappfesed by
the solution OF the vital racial issues With
confronted increased cooperation and
pathetic understanding between white Americans and coored
Americans and between that them
urgently by leaders Of both
daily papers prejudice by swing exaggerated
Continued page y
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1943-06-12
OFFICER OF COUNCIL
OF CHURCHES TO SPEAK
AT EBENEzER CHURCH

DR.. r. T. Brumbaugh. executive
secretary OF the Detroit Council OF
Church. who will be the sunday
morning speaker at the dedication
services OF Ebenezer AME church,
corner Willis and Brush streets.
A special musical program will
be the outstanding feature ~ the
service. The combined choirs OF
the church will take part.
The Rev. Granville Reed, pro-
gressiye pastor Of ZanesyilIe. Ohio,
will speak at the evening services.
The theme OF the entire days
services will be dedication OF the
church TO the Kingdom OF God
and dedication to Youth Actlvi-
ties"
Throughout the month OF June
the nations most prominent relig-
ious. business ,fraternal and civic
leaders will appear on the dedica-
tory service series.
Sunday. June 20. Bishop D Ward
Nichols OF the Eighth AME Ala
bama district will be the speaker,
The musical program will consist
OF songs written and arranged by
W. G. Handy and Hall Johnson.
The Great Lakes Acapella choir will
join the combined Ebenezer cho-
raj groups in this program. DR.
James J. Mcclendon, president OF
the NAACP and l.. c. Blount sec
retary OF the Great Lakes Insur-
ance company will speak at the
evening services.
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1943-06-12
Claim Personnel
Head Hired Black
Legion Members
Prosecutor Files
Link Weiss With
Khan Movement

cbaecs made sunday lv 2 J
Thomas. president 81 the JAW-Cle.
dat documentary eilaenee i n
his possession 20 prove that ;'if
recent siriAa against Negro 00rs-
ers at ne local Packard plan Nas
engineered nv klansmen. ATE being
Investigated BY FRI agents and
Prosecutor william Downing Sen
sational facts have slfeaay been
revealed.
Records on ale % 'Ac pfoseca-
tors office pertaining % We sem
saionaI count 'r.a % R'lrk Leg
ION members. for ihe brutal mnFdrf
OF Siias Coleman Nrsto who was
shot to death n sAam3N siof nor
far from pelfott -e,eA yeais AGO
~ members Of ta~ Black Legion
who wanted 2 'sr reveal mat
a witness n The case iHed 'het
in 1886 one % ne men rnfolNcd ln
me recent Packard strike Vas az
hia'ed with the RlaeS Legion ~
that time. Tie man ramrd by Thy
witness was Clarence Wo.ss riee
president in charge % personnel
at Packafd's. whose dism -sal it-n
The plant VAS demanded 'nis WEEK
by -AW-ClO oniciais
Weiss i Is alleged plased op
the Packard payroll. numfloas
Black Legion members MANY 81
whom we're made guards ana pto-
yided with guns.
In recfn months protests make
been voiced aeain~' sim'ar h'an
acfniues al other ds.ensr plants ~
The DeircH area whore rikes Aate
occurred aud where ireron oc.
tween whue and o.ofrt Nofh't,
have arsen. The niaioriiy az '1ese
strikes have been Unauthorized ts
the unions. and more than one ri
sponsible labor leader has gone on
record as suggesting ihii me
Government investigate these Mild
cat strikes. 10 deiesmiue & they
are being prccipi'aied by members
OF suhseisive organizations ~hiee
are working with The AXIS.
The Packard sirike Which last
I'd several days ami greatly cu
tailed war productions resui'ed
from the upsrading Of three Ncsfo
workers on me basis Of seniority
The strikers returned 20 work Mon
day.
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1943-06-12

While seihnA newspapers AZ
ihe Gomez of l.0ssell and Monroe
street LAST frldas nirht Howard
trunb II 'eal oii. WAS shot IN
iho Ten l's The youth was rush-
I'd 20 the Receiving hospital by
Lee nsyent 1ssi Monroe street
Police learned that the youth
and his twin brother were SELF
ne napefe az NE above named
street corner when ~ was struck
hy ballet fired from a second
story window at $50 Monroe
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1943-06-12
S,pntnt n Nation on Page .

F.ce Per Democratic Rights -
! re discussion were ably lead
b Judge Ntam ~ HASTE. for
tr cnllsn Alss 70 he Secretary
fHar 1851 g nickcrson. mem-
NJ FEpc eeaco lll George
Sehas associate editor.
pw'sfsh oAer New York
fe fh.sspa hail. special
cnssel NAtcF Sew York. and
y charnss H. Tobias. national
osncl Young Mems Christian
t'n.ai'or', Sew York City. Wal
Y Rsre executive secretary.
f''Tsrsd his annual KEYNOTE adj
tr''' a 'ae opening mass meet
'is Tsnrslsy f,ouine.
Views Scnth'< Needs
ha rsf ~ these meetings
Na IAggsias FRIDAY and Sat-
vag AZ Sc M Baptist church,
>AifP mcrpors stated that they
're APPALLED, AZ the wide dis
t''anei between the professed
''-' q demotfa,y and freedom
az ne treatment meted out 10
@'f'st n nesflv every part OF
a. national liie'
Important ananc the consid-
'a'nns ~ the conference were
% Problems n the southern
Afftr u9o e lied 10 the land;
1' urban Negro in The south who
lie 'ietm % flexible wage
F'ie and ihr attitude Of the
ME lahorsr In north and south
>ay MIX In Action
Naniiestne me associations be.
lst laN labor "a an important
'lerenf 10 he life OF the Ne
go was ne part which labor
'eiiss PLAYED IN the proceedings
y ne conference. Climaxing this
''s We Slipping address deliy-
eea by X Thomas. president
q iae tANclo. at the nam
lConilnued on page 81
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1943-06-12

a. so.owcs. forcefully de-
esseuti,es lawmakers
No., ,..,.,r,,ls.ts ~ the nation
~ KIM, ~ omission or COM
VIZ t.s,s~ segregation. dis
n. ,..,,,, ana brutality 10 Ne
ne armed services. un-
N. ,nlo,monr practices and
~ a',or,ioo ~ tho race in
4, hs fadio and in
~ .i.arss
nv ,.,or,ce, VA. drawn IN
.,... .s-.a soys In session. dur
.ET-5 .ipe many phases OF
= .s,.., ~ ne Negro in the
:. ~ rezaon we're discuss
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1943-06-12

Continued on page p
Evening star., 1943-03-09
lHNictory GardensXP*

deeply as necessary. If the soil is
heavy 1t is better to take a small
bite" even though the digging does
not 60 so fast.
The choice between a spading
fork and long-handled shovel for
turning the soil is, it seems to me,
Irrelevant. The important thing is
not the tool but how it is used. A
careful workman can accomplish
the same results with either one.
In spadine, it is we'll to lift the
bite and deposit it on top Of the
last row. In this way it is easy to
knock the litter and weeds from
the top OF the bite" into the bottom
OF the furroW. Then the rest OF the
bite may be pulverized with the
back OF the tool.
After spading a strip of 3 or 4
feet in width. it Is well to take
rake and further pulverize as we'll
as smooth the surface of the freshly
turned soil, In this way tramping
the freshly turned soil Is avoided.
Then, too, any litter or unbroken
clods are pulled into the furroW,
where they may be covered.
Fall spading Wise.
Avoid spading the ground when
1t is either too moist or too drv.
Evening star., 1943-03-09
Mrs. Roosevelt Cites
Need Of Plans for
Postwar World
Speaks on Program With
PeorI Buck Honorine
Bethune College Founder

The United States should prepare
now to meet postwar problems, II
Ve and the rest Of the world are to
enjoy lasting peace, Mrs. Roosevelt
declared last night.
Speaking at benefit program
with Novelist Pearl Buck for
Bethune- Goodman College al the
Asbury Methodist Church. which
honored the schools founder, Mrs.
Mary Mcleod Bethune, Mrs. Roose-
Welt told her audience that Ameri-
cans must by sincerity and deeds
prove to the rest Of the world that
We will cooperate in planning to
insure better world order.
Mrs. Roosevelt added that if We
don't Cooperate with other nations
and show our sincerity, We Will not
isolate the others, but the others
might well Isolate US"
Mrs. Roosevelt praised the work
Of Mrs. Bethune. who is now retir-
ing as president of the college after
36 years Of service.
Inc cOIege S RAPID growth IN the
38 years proves the power of one
PERSONS devotion Mrs. Roosevelt
said
Miss Buck described the present
world conflict as a continuation Of
the eternal war for liberation Of
oppressed peoples everywhere.
Everywhere in the world the
common man believes in freedom for
all peoples Miss Buck said. The
recognition Of equality Of all peo-
pies is necessary for freedom every
where
Miss Buck suggested that her
audience reread the writings Of
Thomas jefferson, who more than
sny one man founded our Nation on
foundations Of a workable democ-
yscy."
Cooperation between all peoples
Evening star., 1943-03-09

Moist or wet soil puddles when
worked. Dry soil is hard and the
clods are exceedingly difficult to
break up. If covered without being
pulverized they leave large air
spaces.
Fall spading is not practiced as
often as it should be. Unrotted ma
terials turned under in the fall de-
compose by spring and thus make
plant food available. 1t needs only
to be raked in the spring to be ready
for planting. Fall working of the
soil turns up many grubs and other
insect pests to be killed by winter
weather. Soil that is turned in the
fall is usually in better tilth, due to
the action Of frost.
Clip and saue for Victory
garden scrapbook.J
Evening star., 1943-03-09
Push Spade Straight Down.

Of the world is prime necessity
if We are to achieve lasting peace,
Miss Buck said.
Dr.. Garnet c. Wilkinson, first
assistant superintendent of schools,
introduced the two speakers.
Mrs. Bethune, present director Of
the Negro Branch Of the National
Youth Administration, in brief
address expressed her appreciation
TO the audience for their loyal sup
port throughout the years.
Evening star., 1943-03-09

the request to Circuit Court Judge
John Biggs, jr., at Philadelphia.
Judge Fake also said he would rule
Thursday morning on a request for
a preliminary injunction restraining
the Government from trying the
Evening star., 1943-03-09

OF the Emergency Price Control Act
Of 1s42 was made Of Judge Guy L.
Fake IN Federal Court yesterday by
attorneys for defendants charged
with violating price ceilings in meat.
Judge Fake said he would forward
Evening star., 1943-03-09

cases against the dealers until dis
position had been made Of the re-
quest on constitutionality.
The hree-judee panel would con-
sist of a Circuit Court judge and
two District Court judges.
Evening star., 1943-03-09

Will Il great Cedl Oh SERIOUSNESS.
The Engli h
gardener, on the
other hand, goes No IN
to great length we
proper turning and pulverizing OF It.
Perhaps, this is because We have not
considered ourselves Nation OF
gardeners, while the English have.
Turning the soil Is important In
that it serves to incorporate a GER
tain amount of humus (decayed
vegetable natter into the soil, 1t
also loosens the soil so that moisture
and air can penetrate to the roots,
and 1t permits the roots to pene-
trate through larger area in search
Of food and moisture. Some thought
ful gardeners look on turning the
soil as bringing a fresh supply of
plant food to the surface. That is,
they try to go bit deeper each
year and bring up some new soil.
Push Spade Straight Down.
The main consideration, however,
should be to loosen the soil thor
oughly to as great a depth as pos
sible. This is accomplished by push
ing the spading fork or shovel its
full depth into the ground. If the
workman will push the blade
straight down, rather than at an
angle, in most cases he Will dig as
Evening star., 1943-03-09
Court Asked 10 Rule
On Price Control Act
BY IN. Associated Press

BY the Associated Press.
NEWARK, N. j., March 9.-A re-
quest to have three judge Federal
court rule on the constitutionality
Evening star., 1943-03-09
SPADING THE
VICTORY GARDEN
BY WILBUR H. YOUNGMAN,


American gardeners do not as a
rule take the spading of the garden
with a great deal of seriousness.
Evening star., 1943-03-09

~ Al = ~ . ~
gardener, on the
other hand, goes
to great length
70 &c Ia fiNn
Evening star., 1943-03-09

Avoid spading the ground when
1t Is either too moist or too dry.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1943-07-30
Wheel of Business Keeps
Turning, Get Off at Top

TO take losses on mortgages at this
time. But. banks should remem'
Der that currency initiation usuai-
~ makes II easier for borrowers
to pay the interest and principal
OF mortgages now outstanding.
| never borrowed a dollar In my
life and usually confine my invest,
ments to good bonds and fire in,
surance stocks. /. however. was
severely tempted TO take a little
flyer last week. was offered
part OF the equity OF S3.500.000 in
one OF the best office buildings I'm
Boston for less than two cents on
the dollar, The land and build
ing cost over S6.000.00O and is
assessed for about S40O0.O00. Il
has a first mortgage on Il for
less than 100000. Yet. the
property was being offered. sub
ject TO this mortgage, on the basis
OF only $4,000 shrinkage. of
9S per cent OF what the original
stockholders paid. 1t is true a per-
son might lose all he puts into
such a purchase even on this much
debated basis. | recognized il as
rank speculation. But | can
not forget what my father used to
preach 10 me here at Gloucester
about the business wheels contin-
ually revolving.
In most of the large cities OF this
country similar opportunities for
profit, or loss. exist. It is impos-
sible for me to give any advice
applicable to any individual prop
critics or cities, but this much |
will say: Many mortgages which
are now looked upon as OF little
value will be paid in full when in
flstion gets going at high speed.
Foolish are those who needlessly
sacrifice mortgages or real estate
at this time unless the money is
Immediately re-invested in proper
ly selected stocks which are rea-
sonably sure to double or triple
in value.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1943-07-30

coupe struck a tree on a curve,
Thursday. Both we're employed In
the A G.. Spark Plug pant here.
Mss Cameron as secretary and
Raymond as foreman The bodies
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1943-07-30

were not discovered until TIRES
hours later. A farm laborer going
to work found them on the lightly
Travelled road.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1943-07-30

martial hearing on charges that
they broke into company supply
rooms the night Of June 81 In an
attempt to appropriate rifles and
ammunition TO participate In tho
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1943-07-30

race riot then in progress in De-
troit. Lieut. 4. T. Etcheson. puoii-
relations officer. said thar they are
charged With the violation OF four
o; the Articles o, war.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1943-07-30
FACE COURT MARTIAL

Fort Custer. Mich. July 30 -
Thursday four Negro soldiers a..
signed 10. Qusrtermaster service
battalions faced general court
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1943-07-30
PLANT WORKERS KILLED

Iona. Mich, July 81 Harold
Raymond ss-yearo.d Portland faith
-. and Mss Jane Cameron. %. OF
Ionia. Eere killed when Raymond 5
Evening star., 1943-03-06

ket, listing those who sell above CELL
ing process, those who divert meat
from the regular trade channels and
those, who slaughter more meat than
the law allows As the chief illegal
operators. Price Administrator Prem
tiss M. Brown earlier had termed
the new ceilings "a heavy blow" at
the first type Of black market oper-
ations. since 1t would make detec-
ton Of price "chiselers" simple.
To help meet the military needs,
Mr.. Wickard directed all slaughter
ers operating under Federal inspec-
ton to set aside specified percent
age of their production for direct
war needs.
The Secretary, admitting that
meat supplies had been poorly dis
tributed," said that even under the
price ceilings, cattle and hogs sell
for good prices, but not at the Chi
cago prices Of Thursday, when he
said hogs went to $16, the highest
price since 1920. and choice steers
sold for the highest March price in
~ years"
Small Dealers1 Feel Pinch.
He said those extremely high
prices testify to the existence OF
black markets."
Except for Government inspected
plants which provide meat for fight-
ing men and the Allies, no permit
will allow slaughterer to exceed
his 1941 volume of business, the
Secretary said. Adjustments will be
made to take care Of unusual cases
and Of farmers who had no l941
slaughter records.