davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1943-04-13
Siege in Tunisiu

1ne OaCCle Tor AFRICA, heretofore
war Of brilliant maneuver, has settled
into a state of siege, with Marshal
Rommel and General Won Arnim
pinned against the sea in Northern
Tunisia and apparently planning to
dght there to the end.
Present indications are that the
Afrika Korps and Won Arnim' S troops,
numbering nearly 100000 men in all,
will make their last stand along
great defense arc, anchored in the
hills above Enfidaville in the south
and swinging up to the northern
coast OF Tunisia some twenty-five
miles west Of Bizerte. This is a strong
position, and while It's ultimate con-
quest by the Allied forces seems q
foregone conclusion, 1t is not apt to
bs taken without the hardest and
most bitter fighting.
Hitler apparently has decided to
sacrifice his African armies in play
for time. There has been no evidence
tlIdV ally ocllOuo pAOpdI ot1oliS d1C
under way to evacuate the trapped
men, and, on the contrary, there is
some reason to believe that the Nazis
still are endeavoring to get supplies
and reinforcements to them. Fur
thermore, with the Allies in SEEM
ingly undisputed command of the air
and with the remaining Axis air
bases In Tunisia exposed to relentless
bombardment, anysttempt at evacu-
alton seems out of the question.
From Hitler's standpoint the loss of
his African army will be setback
which he can Ill afford; he is still less
able to take the loss In transports,
naval vessels and aircraft that would
certainly accompany a major effort
at evacuation.
But II Hitler has signed the death
warrants of the hardened veterans
under Rommel and Won Arnim, how
does he propose to use the time that
the sacrifice of these men will gain
for him? What are the advantages
OF a siege action In Tunisia as bal
anced against the almost certain
loss Of two proud armies?
In the first place, so long as the
Axis is able to fight in Africa, the
Allies cannot have free use of the
Mediterranean shipping routes.
That, In turn, tends to free Hitler
temporarily from the menace of an
attack on Southern Europe, and If
this threat can be abated through
out the summer he may be able to
muster the resources for one more
major blow on the continent.
Where this blow will fall, assuming
that he can deliver it, is matter of
speculation. There have been sug-
eestions that the Nazis may drive
into Spain or into Turkey, but as yet
there Is no indication of substantial
preparations for a move in either
e4 these directions. The greater
probability is that in 1943, as in the
past two years, Hitler will throw the
bulk OF his forces against the Rus
SLAMS. This may not be what he
would like to do, but it is what the
necessities OF his military position
apparently will compel him to do.
II he is to undertake this last
effort IN the East, however, it must
be made before the Allies can launch
their invasion of the continent, and
1t Is for this reason that the swap
ping OF his African armies in ex-
change for a little more time may
strike Hitler rs the best bargain that
can be made in bad situation.
Evening star., 1943-04-13
Religious Formula for Peace
Expressed in Verse.


To the Editor Of The Star:
The following simple formula ex-
pressed IN verse, If observed, will carry
with 1t more weight and significance
than we find expressed in the Atlantic
Charter:
The way to secure lasting peace
With love to rule mankind
Is to follow Jesus precepts,
The Prince of Peace divine.
Let all followers of the lowly Nazarene
prayer fully labor to this end, and
beneficent results Just as surely will
follow Is the rainbow follows the rain.
or as blessings accrue from acts of
benevolence.
WILLIAM JOHNSON MOORE.
Evening star., 1943-04-13

"The salvation of France" de-
clares the fast-slipping Marshal Pc
tain. will not come from without"
He might we'll have said, will not
come from without help by those who
love France most, namely, French
men"
Evening star., 1943-04-13

1t is stated that it takes two hours
just to walk, without stopping,
through the galleries of the Louvre.
worlds greatest treasure house of
art. And that is just about the way
lot Of people used to inspect it.
Evening star., 1943-04-13
Letters to the Editor

Letters to the Editor must
bear the name and address of
the 10riter, although the use OF
a pseudonyn1 for publication is
permissible. The Star reserues
the right to edit all letters Nth
q Uie10 to condensation.
Evening star., 1943-04-13

Q. Can anything be wider than 1t is
long?-T. F. G.
A. 1t Is not possible since length Is
the term applied to the greater OF the
two dimensions.
@. What ship brought LAFAYETTE to
this country during the Revolution?-
r. j. H.
A. Lafayette purchased and fitted up
the ship La victoire (the Victory for
his trip to America.
@. Where is the Chapel Of Bones
which bears the inscription, DO not
laugh you will be with us soon'?-H. G.
A. The Chapel Of Bones is In the
Church of San Francisco, Evora, Portu-
gal. Outside 1t hangs the oft-ouoted
inscription.
@. Do any animals shed tears?-r
A. S.
A. Cats, monkeys and some other
animals have tear ducts to protect their
eyes.
@. Who said that the oldest and best
known evil Is always more endurable
than one that is new and untried?-
F.. Med.
A. Montaigne, the noted French es-
sayist.
@, What Is the meaning OF Pilates
name?-W. F.
A. It means armed with a pike"
O. How early were fngerprints used
as means OF identification by the
United States Government?-K. F.E
A. Gilbert Thompson Of the United
States Geological Survey put his thumb
print on all commissary orders issued
by him during a survey OF New Mexico
in 1882.
Q. What are the colors Of the Irish
nag?-H. G. B.
A. The flag Of the Irish Free State
has three vertical stripes OF green, white
and orange.
Q. Where was John Alden, the May
AfOWCA ppIHf-b. d.
A. The birthplace Of John Alden Is
not known. The name Alden appears
IN the Doomsday Book and Aldens have
been found from early times In the
eastern counties OF England.
@. How far below sea level Is tho
Caspian Seas. s.
A. The sea lies IS feet below sea
level.
Q. How many different kinds of joints
are there in the body?-A, G.L.
A. The chief kinds Of joints are: Ball
and socket, as in the hips and shoulders;
hinge, as in the knee; pivot, as in the
upper two vertebrae, permitting the
skull to turn to the right or left. and
gliding, as in the closely packed bones
Of the wrists and ankles
@. What was the cost Of the George
Washington Bridge?-T. T. M.
A. The George Washington Bridge
cost approximately s6o,OO0,o0o This is
an an-inclusive figure Under the en-
actments of New York and New JERSEY
IN 1881, revenues from the interstate
bridge and tunnel facilities are pooled.
A few years later a refunding program
was completed consolidating the debt
on all the crossings. The bonds were
Issued for 40-year periods, but are CALL
able prior to the expiration Of that time.
@. Has Mussolini ever been In the
United states7-T. U.
A. Mussolini has never visited the
United States.
Evening star., 1943-04-13

FavOrite Hymns-A collection of
Isl Of the best loved hymns Of all
denominations, complete with words
and music. These hymns have been
source of inspiration and comfort
to mankind since the beginning of
the Christian church. The book is 6
by 9 inches in size and has an attrac-
tive, durable, colored cover. Com
pletely indexed To secure your COPY
OF this publications inclose Is cents in
coin, wrapped in this clipping, and
mail to The Star Information Bureau.
Name
Address
Evening star., 1943-04-13

From authoritative advices con-
corning the Nazi air forces it would
appear that the Gremlins have at
last become anti -Hitlerites.
Evening star., 1943-04-13
Distinction Between "Prejudice"
And preference" Advanced,

To the Editor Of The Star:
After reading the letter decrying the
prejudice against minorities in this land
of opportunity, reverted to a wish
that some one more capable than
would take pen in hand and defend the
long overlooked right Of preference.
Prejudice-real prejudice-is a mere
form of superstition but the person who
has no preference lives a negative ex-
istence.
If prefer to be with people, quiet and
reserved (dull to many, hope I'm
not expressing hatred of the more
glamorous
The man who expresses himself in
favor of all religions and who has none
Of his own isn't tolerant-he is indiffer-
ent
All races and creeds have something
In them to be admired and 1t naturally
follows that to cultivate those values
Is the best advice to minorities while
respecting the majority's preferences
JOHN SWEENEY.
Evening star., 1943-04-13
Commentator for Articles
On State" of Education Offered.

On "State" Of Education Offered.
To the Editor OF The Star:
Dorothy Thompson's recent articles
on the sorry state of education merit
soberest consideration
One factor contributing to the shabby
kind of teaching prevalent over the
country is the er-aggravated burden
of clerical, record and bookkeeping work
that robs the teacher of energy, time
and ZEAL Added to this is the round
of activities" that infects the junior
high school and, slightly less, the senior
high school.
There are teachers who deplore and
protest-in vain, the muddy tide whirls
all along in giddy motion, signifying
nothing. JACK WOOD.
Evening star., 1943-04-13

on the campus. The school newspaper
carries articles and editorials and letters
criticizing the program. Still, the op-
pressive regime continues. There Is no
letup. Therefore, many of the bolder
students take every opportunity to miss
the class. 1t is indeed surprising to find
that only SO out of 400 have excessive
absences. The whole program Is indeed
sordid affair.
So 1t isn't exactly right to blame the
students entirely for the pitiful condition.
Your article gives readers the impression
that University of Maryland students are
lazy and unpatriotic. Quite the contrary.
They are intensely patriotic and are
working harder than ever. But many are
beginning to wonder If this country in
which we live still is democracy. There
is doubt in their minds, and they are
worried about being guinea-pigs for q
questionable experiment.
MARYLAND SENIOR.
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1943-08-09
Slow Change
In Tex Laws

Boston, Aug. 9-UP)-Prof. John
M. Mcguire Of Harvard Law school,
recently appointed by the u. s.
Treasury department. to direct tax
research, estimated today that 1t
will take from 10 to IS years to SIM
plify the many ramiflcations of the
income tax laws.
He said the income tax laws now
were too complicated for millions OF
individual income taxpayers as well
as for corporations.
THE rise of multi-billion dollar
government in the past 80 years"
Mcguire told the United Press,
has resulted In stupendous inter-
nal revenue code. Many Of its stat
utes are inconsistent and have
caused unnecessary friction between
the Taxpayers and the department"
Mcguire said emphatically that the
simplification process will take 10 to
is years and will be gradual one.
Recommendation will be made
from time to time to the depart
ment, which will submit them to
congress for enactment" he added.
Mcguire believed that a larger
Sroup of taxpayers should be per-
mitted to use the simplified 1040
form, now limited to those In the
iov-iucome bracket.
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1943-08-09
Rome Open
City, Bluff"

London, Aug. 9-(UP)-High Al
lied quarters were skeptical today
of Italian moves as reported by
Swiss dispatches, to have Rome de-
clared an open city, and thus free
from bombing.
One view in London was that the
move attributed 60 Premier Marshal
Pietro Badoglio was for propaganda
purposes in an effort to place the
United Nations in bad light should
air attacks on the Italian capital
continue.
Well informed sources pointed out
that it was practically impossible
for Badoglio to make such move
unless he Is willing to surrender al
most all of southern Italy, since II
would mean that all transportation
of war materials and personnel
through Rome would have to cease
and all governmental activities
would have to be removed.
Roman war industries would have
to close under an open city" agree
ment.
Italian troops hardly could oper-
ate in the south with the main
transportation arteries from north
to south choked of.
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1943-08-09
WPB Moves
Help Civvies

Washington, Aug. 9-UP)-War
Production Board Chairman Donald
M. Nelson promised today that pro-
ducts essential to the maintenance
of civilian health and welfare would
be produced regardless Of the scar
city of materials needed for them
He emphasized that manufacture
Of less essential articles would not
be authorized on large scale if re-
quired materials were scarce.
That is the policy of thre war
production board and policy with
which the leaders of the interested
agencies of government are in COM
plete agreement" he said. 1--WE
have no intention of deviating from
it,"
Nelson was commenting on recur-
ring reports that larger segment
of industry soon would be recon-
verted to production OF civilian
goods. 1t has been reported fire.
quently-and just as frequently de-
nied-that electric refrigerators
would be produced soon.
The office of civilian require
ments is making a nationwide sur
vey of available civilian supplies and
is itemizing civilian needs. This
survey and other factors available
to OCR will influence the requests
for critical materials made by the
agency to WIPES requirements COM
mittee.
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1943-08-09
VaIIenciIIo
Is Arroiqned

washington, Aug. g. (UP)-Rob-
ert Lanas Vallecilla, former employe
If the Office Of the Coordinator of
er-American Affairs, will be ar
raigned today before a U. S. COM
missioner on a charge of espionage.
The Federal Bureau of Investiga-
ton, which announced his arrest, is
looking for a woman believed to
have been his wife. Vallecilla S
landlady said he brought an Ameri-
can girl home early this spring
and introduced her as his wife.
FBI officials will ask U. S. Com
missioner Needham c. Turnage that
Vallecilla, q native Colombian, be
held in $4,000 bond. If convicted
he faces a maximum sentence OF 30
years in Jail because the alleged
acts occurred priod to the United
States entry intot he war and be-
fore his employment by the gov
eminent.
Vallecilla, IS, has been a trans
lator for the Inter-American Al
fairs office which is headed by Mel
son Rockefeller. FBI Chief j.
Edgar Hoover said, that his duties
were such as to preclude his hay
ing obtained any vital information
that would have been of mater Il
aid to the enemy.
All the trappings of fiction spy
story were involved in the FBI's &C
count OF the case invisible ink
and a woman spy" who, in this
case, refused to cooperate even
though offered $3.50 a month.
The FBI said Vallecilla had ad-
mitted receiving large sums OF
Continued on Page ~
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1943-08-09
Less Meat
Next Year

Washington, Aug. 9-(UP)-Civ-
ilians will not eat as much meat as
usual during the coming year but
they can look forward to plenty of
soybean products.
The war food administration an
nounced today that for the year
ending June 30, 1914, it has allo-
Gated civilians more than IL times
the amount of soya products avail
able last year in an effort to give
wartime menus nutritional boost.
Domestic consumers will get q
of every 100 pounds of soybean
flour, flakes and grits-a total of
1862 500, 900 pounds. Last year only
100000 pounds were consumed
domestically.
Huge amounts of the products
have been earmarked for overseas
use. Our Allies have been allocat-
ed II of every 100 pounds, and peo-
pies in liberated territory SIS of
every 100 pounds.
Soybean products are rich in pro-
TENS, minerals and vitamins. the
VIA said, and are valuable sup
plements to meat. milk and eggs.
The products will be included in
bread. soup powders, macaroni,
breakfast cereals and pancake mix
es. Housewives will be able to use
soya flour and grits as protein
fertilizers in many bakery items.
Large scale production Of these
foods is just beginning. however,
and they will not be ready for con-
sumerS on a national basis until
October or November.
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1943-08-09

To Be Okov

New York, Aug. 9-(UP)-An in
coming tide and continued pumping
operations increased the buoyancy of
the U. S. S. Lafayette, formerly the
French liner Normandie, today as
she inched up from the mud Of the
Hudson river bottom where she had
lain since she was swept by fire 10
months ago.
Just before noon the vessel was at
an angle of AIT degrees, within two
feet of the As degree angle desired
by Navy engineers before they make
the attempt to move her into the
middle of the slip where final salv-
age operations will be conducted.
A Navy. spokesman said even If
the desired angle should be achieved
today, I'VE won't try to move her
out into the slip unless we have to-"
II may become necessary to move
her if she begins eXerting too much
pressure on the temporary piling
erected along the pier on her star
board side.
Salvage experts felt success was
assured in raising the 10000 ton hull
and predicted she would return to
service in a year.
After she has been t1oated and
moved into the middle of the slip,
the next step will be TO clear the
interior of mud, silt and debris, a
job requiring about two months.
If it is then decided to rebuild
the ship, the hull will be turned over
to a shipyard for refitting, which
was expected to require nine months
more.
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1943-08-09
Finland In
Peace Mood
BY HARRISAIN SALISBURY


UNITED Press Staff Correspondent
London, Aug. 9.-(UP)-Finland
was expected today to have try
at extricating herself from the war
at any moment as result of the
steady deterioration of Germany's
position on the Russian front and
the psychological effect of Sweden
cutting off Nazi transit across the
country.
There was evidence the situation
was building up to a crisis in Fin
land. A Stockholm dispatch re-
ported that the Helsinki correspon-
dent of the Svenska Dagbladet de-
schibed the greatest activity there
and numerous important conferences
by Finnish Premier Edwin Linko-
mics with other leaders.
Censorship blanketed the details
but reports in Stockholm said Fin
nish politicians wre concerned over
rising sentiment for peace.
Finland's position may soon be-
come untenable. This would be
certain if the Nazis are contemplate
ing general withdrawal from eX-
posed positions in Russia to con-
centrate on new lines requiring
roughly half the present forces for
defense.
However, there is every indication
that Russia would agree to suspend
hostilities with Finland only on the
basis of restoration of the 1910
frontier plus the establishment OF
friendly and neighborly' Finnish
government.
Germany's situation reportedy has
had strong repercussions in Finland,
where peace sentiment has been
building up for more than a year.
In addition to the Russian terms
which Linkomies' government Is
committed not to accept-the chief
Finnish difficulty has been how to
withdraw fighting a second war to
GUST an estimated eight German d.
visions now on her soil. But the
Nazis need their troops now and
may evacuate them for other fronts.
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1943-08-09
Troops Flee
MESSING
BY NED RUSSELL
United Press Staff Correspondent

United Press Stan Correspondent
With British Eighth Army, Sicily,
Aug. 8. (Delayed)-British troops
pushed into Bronte at 7 a. m. today
and air reports indicated the Axis
already Is evacuating troops across
Messina Strait into Italy.
A spearhead CT Gen. Sir Bernard
L. Montgomery's forces drove into
Bronte which is up the road circling
around the base of Mount Etna
from Adrano, nine miles to the
south. Adrano was taken yesterday
morning, destroying any enemy
hopes of holding out on line based
on the Volcano.
The next objective is Randazzo,
nine miles to the northwest, where
the British may spring a trap on
the Germans retreating before the
Americans 18th Army moving east
ward from Troina toward Cesaro,
Is miles west of Randazzo.
Flier's pounding on enemy traffic
in Sicily's northeastern corner shot
up a truck convoy at Randazzo
early today, destroying 81 Of 30.
Flyers over the coast sighted con-
siderable traffic in small vessels
across the two-mile Strait toward
Italy from Messina.
The theory was that the Germans
had begun taking out their unessen-
tial, leaving behind only enough
mentions, having pushed about IL
miles north Of Catania in the East.
The German road communications
system has been smashed and actu-
ally they have only two fairly open
routes-up the eastern coast, a dam
gerous one, and along the north
ern coast, from San Agata where
they face the Americans.
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1943-08-09
Military Coup May Soon Rob
Hitler of Power In Germany
BY WILLIAM b. DICKINSON
UNITED Press Staff Correspondent

UNITED Press Staff Correspondent
London, Aug. 9.-(UP)-Rumors
that. a military coup may soon dis
lodge Adolf Hitler from power in
Germany spread through Europe to-
day and informed sources said major
diplomatic moves probably will de-
velop this week, possibly involving
Italy's withdrawal from the war.
Allied observers discounted sug-
gestions that the sudden conven-
ing of German military leaders
and high Nazi officials at Hitler's
headquarters last week presaged
Hitlers fall from power, but it gen.
orally was agreed that they dealt
with the Worsening situation on
both the German home and mill
tary fronts.
President Roosevelt and Prime
Minister Churchill were understood
in London to be considering new
peace proposals from Italy and the
possibility-remote though it ap-
peared-that Hitler might be ousted
led To speculation that they might
confer soon with Premier Josef
Stain to clarity Allied policy.
Wilson Broadbent, diplomatic COR
respondent of the London Daily
Mail, said consultations among the
British, American and Russian gov
ernments were about To reach the
final important stage"
With the Allies smashing final
Axis resistance in Sicily and with
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1943-08-09
Raj RAIDS ON
ITALYCAuSE
PEACE FIRES
BY ALDO FORTE
UNITED Press Staff Correspondent

UNITED Press Staff Correspondent
Bern, August o. (UP)-
Underground pamphlets call
ing for a general strike in
protest against the govern
ment's failure to make peace
flooded Milan, Turin and
Genoa, northern Italy's three
largest cities, following Sat-
urday nights SCATTERING air
raids, frontier reports said
today. Fires still smouldered
in the three cities early to-
day, some 48 hours after scores of
big British four-engined Lancaster
bombers laid waste to huge areas
with block buster and incendiary
bombs in fulfillment of Prime Min
lister Churchill's promise that Italy
would be scared, SCARED an black
ened" until she surrendered.
(The Rome radio asserted that
defense of Italian towns against
Allied air raids was unfortunately"
impossible because of the state OF
defense techniques.
british bombers were idle last
night, presumably because of in
clement weather over the CONT
nenD.
The pamphlets charged that the
Badoglio government had betrayed
the Italian people more than Fas-
cism had and called upon them to
flight for the peace which Badog-
lilo is unwilling to grant YOU"
The pamphlets urged workers to
strike today and refuse ANY sort
of collaboration with the Rome
government" They were signed
"Giustibia E Liberia" (Justice and
Liberty)
"Peace Straight Away"
"a clandestine radio station call
ing itself "Free Milan" was heard
in London broadcasting that 1--WE
must make peace straight away ii
we want to save ourselves The
people who succeeded in chasing
Mussolini will rise again and chase
Badoglio to obtain peace :. either
we make peace or we die!")
Observers along the Chiasso from