davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1943-04-11
Problem Of Jobs for Veterans
Already Is Finding a Solution
Many Have Been Put to Work as Machinery Is
Prepared to Handle Tremendous Task
Due to Come With Peace
By Frank Carey,
Associated Press Writer.

Machinery to assure job for Johnny
when he comes home from war is func-
tloning now-and many men discharged
for disability already have gone back to
the fight on Americas production lines.
Not long ago, an Indiana steel manu-
facturer wrote to the Veterans Employ
ment Division of the United States En-
ployment Service:
I'VE have established an office on the
second floor of the-bank building.
Any of your veterans who can climb up
those steps to make application will be
employed. Climbing the steps is about
the only physical examination that we
require"
The United States Employment Service
of the War ManpoWer Commission, one
of a group of organizations working on
Unemployment of returning disabled
and planning for the task of getting jobs
for men still on the fighting fronts, says
this reaction is typical of many Amer
lean manufacturers.
The result is that in the files of the
service there are comparatively few SAL
mon -colored application cards represent
ing veterans (of all wars) who are
hunting jobs.
How does the situation compare with
the days of World War I?
There is every reason to believe" said
o. D. Hollenbeck, chief of the veterans
employment service, in the manpower
review recently, that both Federal and
State governments are in much better
position now to deal effectively with
problems of rehabilitation than at the
end of the last war"
Conference Studies Problem.
"The smoke of Pearl Harbor had
hardly cleared away when the President
took action toward refitting the cas-
ualties of war and industry for useful
occupations. There followed a confer
ence which included officials of the Army
and Navy the Coast Guard the National
Resources Planning Board. the Veterans
Administration, the Social Security
Board, the Selective Service System, the
Vocational Rehabilitation Division of the
Office of Education. the Civil Service
Commission, the Red Cross and other
dStlCleS.
Here's an Illustration of how things
are working out:
A Negro truck driver lost an arm at
Pearl Harbor. After four months in
hospital he was honorably discharged
and returned to his home in San Pedro,
Calf
The veterans representative in the
United States Employment Office
there's one in each of the services 1.500
oflces-got on the job. He reported he
had a hard time persuading a local
training class to take on the veteran as
a trainee in Welding course, but finally
he did and
A couple of months ago the one armed
Negro welder was awarded the silver
medal of the War Production Board
and cited for distinguished service on
Americas home front"
Another illustration:
A sailor was blown off the deck of the
Arizona and badly burned. His wounds
healed, but he was left in such she'll
Evening star., 1943-04-11

BELLE GLADE, Fla.-The Govern
ment is importing farm labor down
here-5,000 hands from the Bahama
Islands to work in Florida's vegetable
and cane fields.
Behind this move is a screwy labor
situation; the more the field hands here
are paid the less they work. The growers,
frantic to harvest their crops, bid up the
wages, but that only adds to the dizzy
whirl, for when the hand makes more
per day he merely works fewer days.
The trouble lies in the sizes of Flor
ida's farms and in the type OF labor.
The usual farm is 1000 to 1000 acres.
They lie in the heart of the old Ever
glades which have been drained land
so rich and black that beans can be
harvested just As days after the seed
has been put in the ground, fields so
huge that you could follow one green
bean row straight into the sunset.
Much farm work is done with the
most modern farm machinery. But no
machine yet has come along to pick the
delicate tomato from the vine or the
bean from the bush. Each has to be
picked separately.
So, when the harvesting season comes
the grower suddenly needs huge gangs
of field hands. He gets them from the
droves of migratory labor which flow
into Florida each winter-25oo0 of
them-rnostly Negroes.
From day to day the grower never
knows whether his heavy crops will be
picked. He gets his days crew each
dawn. He is never sure how many he'll
have.
There has been one crisis-when the
midwinter bean crop was picked. The
first picking" came off all right. But
the second and third pickings, for the
most part rotted in the fields-with the
whole world needing food and prices
sky-rocketing in the Northern markets.
Why? Because it's harder to pick the
second and third crops And somehow
the growers could find field hands for
Evening star., 1943-04-11
Trade Agreements Act Deadline
To Test i. S. Postwar Intentions
Congress Must Decide by June II Whether Method
of Stimulating Trade Between Nations
Is to Be Continued
By Raymond P. Brandt.

Before June IL the Congress must
face a decisive test of this country's
postwar intentions. On that date the
Trade Agreements Act of 1884 will ex-
pire unless its life is extended by con-
gressional action. If it is not extended,
the other United Nations, particularly
the British Commonwealth, China, the
Soviet Union and the South American
republics, will have clear notice that
this country cannot be counted on to CO.
operate with the rest of the world on
economic problems, as indirectly pledged
by the Atlantic Charter and the lease
lend agreements.
With the present revolt in Congress,
the administration could be beaten on
this vital issue by combination of Re-
publicans and dissatisfied and nation
alistically minded Democrats The
original law was approved by the House
in 1884 by vote of 274 to Ill and by the
Senate ST to 33. In the House 80 Re-
publicans voted against the bill and
only for it; II Democrats voted against
1t. In the Senate, % Republicans and
Democrats voted against it; Repub-
llcans voted for it.
The act was extended in 1887 and
a gain in 1910 for three years. In 1910
the House approved extension by a vote
Of 218 to 168 and the Senate AZ to 81,
In the House LAG Republicans and 20
Democrats voted against it; 5 Republi-
cans voted for it. In the Senate 20 Re-
publicans and IS Democrats voted against
1t. No Republican voted for it. The
Senate by the narrow margin of Al to A
rejected an amendment to require Sen
ate ratification of agreements. A switch
of two votes would have defeated the ad-
ministration. On the ratification amend
ments, 81 Republicans and 18 Democrats
voted against the administration No
Republicans voted against ratification.
This question is almost certain to come
up again this year.
Close Vote Possible.
This year, if 20 Democrats joined with
an almost solid Republican bloc in the
House, extension would be seriously en-
dangered if not beaten; if Is or more
Democrats join with the increased Re-
extension would be beaten or ratification
could be added to the law.
Neither Democrats nor Republicans
are ready at this time to discuss the
parliamentary strategy on extension In
private talks, however, several influential
Republicans have said that they believe
the law will be extended. One problem
confronting Republican leaders is how to
relieve the embarrassment of those who
have previously voted against the law
This difficulty could be resolved by a
gentlemens agreement with the Demo-
Gratis to eliminate roll calls
The United States has concluded trade
agreements-not treaties requiring Senate
ratification-with 26 foreign countries,
and while the lease-lend law and the
war have reduced normal foreign trade
to minimum, the volume and character
of our postwar international commerce
will depend largely on what arrangements
can be made now and later for the lover
ing OF our own and other trade barriers.
Evening star., 1943-04-11

program is possible unless there is
moral universe in which people are will
ing to live by the Golden Rule"
Spiritual bankruptcy leads to exploita-
tion and exploitation to domination by
brute force" and to wars, "a projection
of moral anarchy he says. Then:
THE standard of living drops precipi-
tously with war. See how far it has
dropped in this country after only one
year of war. The average Englishman
will be fortunate to be as well off ma
terially after this war as he was before"
Sorokin finds little evidence that ma
tions or groups of people are living up
to the Golden Rule-the most important
single spiritual yardstick."
Unless the Atlantic Charter is to
represent anything more than empty
Evening star., 1943-04-11

(Sorokin is an ardent and talented
amateur horotculturisD. Native peo-
pie should not expect paradise from
this plan. Russia tried to butter the
bread of every one and found it spread
too thin to suit the taste of the people"
Sorokin, who is one of Harvards most
colorful figures. misaccents words with a
Russian flavor that is carryover from
the days before he was exiled by both
the Tsarist and Communist governments
for "too liberal" ideas
Prof. Hansen, far from considering the
cradle -to-grave plan as an unattainable
mirage, sees it rather as an economic
cornerstone for postwar prosperity.
The plan is not "a beautiful scheme of
living in luxury without working" nor
would the tax costs be unbearable. he de-
clares IAN adequate social security
program, financed in part through the
Evening star., 1943-04-11

The lease-lend agreements look for
ward to continuation OF the trade agree
ments law. The master agreement with
others, provides that the terms and con-
ditions of the benefits to be provided to
the United States" in return for this aid
shall be such as not to burden COM
merce between the two countries, but to
promote mutually advantageous economic
relations between them and the better
ment of worldwide economic relations"
Seek to Open Markets.
The agreement continues:
ITO that end they shall include pro-
vision for agreed action by the United
States and the United Kingdom, open to
participation by all other countries of
like mind. directed to tie expansion, by
appropriate international and domestic
measures, of production, employment,
and the exchange and consumption of
goods, which are the material foundations
of the liberty and welfare of all peoples;
to the elimination Of all forms of dis
criminatory treatment in international
commerce, and to the reduction of tariffs
and other trade barriers; and, in general,
to the attainment of all the economic
objectives set forth in the joint declara-
tion made on August II, 1941, by the
President of the United States and the
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom"
The last sentence refers to the fourth
paragraph of the Atlantic Charter in
which the President and the Prime
Minister agree that they will endeavor,
with due respect for their existing
obligations, to further the enjoyment of
all states, great or small, victor or
vanqulshed, of access, on equal terms. to
the trade and to the raw materials of
the world which are needed for their
economic prosperity"
In 1884 the Trade Agreements Act was
drafted, mainly through the efforts Of
Secretary of State Cordell Hull, as
means OF relieving the American depres-
sion. Its operation has proved so practi-
cable that many persons believe that
executive negotiation of these reciprocal
pacts is about the only way American
tariff barriers can be lowered enough to
permit an interchange Of goods with
other nations
The Democrats, traditionally the low
tariff party, had their opportunity to
enact the law after the 1882 presidential
landslide which gave them incontestable
control of Congress. Remembering the
higher and higher trade barriers erected
by the Republicans through the emer-
gency tariff of 1921, the Fordney-Mc-
Cumber Act of 1922, the Hawley -Smoot
Act of $780, and excise taxes on imports
in the Revenue Act of 1882, the New
Deal leaders put through the Trade
Agreements Act a year after they came
to power.
Some Democrats Opposed.
There was, of course a struggle be-
cause some Democrats were high tariff
minded and others were against giving
up the power of Congress to levy tariffs,
or, in the words of the Constitution, "to
(COntinled IN pape IA Co1,1rn,, ~
Evening star., 1943-04-11
CRADLE-TO- -GRAVE SECURITY STIRS DEBATE
Powerful Balance Wheel Says Professor Fellow Impractical

CAMBRIDGE, Mass.-Even as you and
I, erudite Harvard College professors are
unable to agree on the merits and work
ability of President Roosevelt's recently
proposed and much discussed cradle-to-
grave social security blue print.
Take, for example, two noted experts
who have spent lifetime studying social
and economic problems, Alvin H. Hansen,
professor of economics. and Pitirim A.
Sorokin, professor of sociology, at Har-
ward College.
Sorokin recently bet Hansen $5 that
the United States would have less real
prosperity" five years after the war ended
than it had in 1929. The announcement of
Evening star., 1943-04-11
sic, 1000, 900 900 WAR PLANT POSES PROBLEM
U Faces Difficult Decisions in Use Of industrial Empire

When peace comes, what's going to
happen to the 100000 900 industrial
empire the Government built for war?
That question is getting close attention
from administration postwar planners
and from businessmen whose interests
may be affected.
Through the Defense Plant Corp,
the Federal Government has financed
construction or expansion of nearly 1900
factories, shipyards, airplane and alumni
mum plants and other war facilities and,
for the most part, leased them to private
industry for the duration.
AS a result, after the war, the Govern
ment will be master of the greatest in
dustrial empire in the world.
Secretary of Commerce Jesse Jones
gave some idea of its magnitude the
other day when he reported that the
Federal investment in aircraft and air.
craft accessory plants alone includes 1876
factories with a combined area equiva-
lent to 700 city blocks
How to dispose of this arsenal of de-
mocracy" with the least shock to the
Nations economic system, what facilities
to retain for future emergencies these
top the problems.
Option to Purchase.
An attempt to meet the problem in
part has been made in contracts which
the Defense Plant Corp. has signed
with manufacturers who operate the war
plants. Most of these contracts give the
operator an option to purchase the plant
at cost less depreciation after the war.
There is no way of knowing how many
manufacturers will exercise that option.
In addition, some officials anticipate that
the Government will want to keep Ger
tain of the plants in operation on it's
own account to meet military commit
ments; it may desire to keep others
intact on standby basis, ready to throw
into production in the event of another
military emergency.
The National Resources Planning
Board suggested, in its report to Presi-
dent Roosevelt, that consideration be
given in postwar planning to Govern
ment participation in the direction "of
those industries of crucial Importance
In both wartime and peacetime
economy in which the Government has
made great investments"
In this category the board listed
aluminium, magnesium, shipbuilding and
aircraft, and said the Government
should participate in the decisions as to
what areas and what concerns should
continue to operate.
The board also suggested that the
Government retain selected plants in
operation to provide q more desirable
Evening star., 1943-04-11

phrases, the standard of living in other
the United States" he says.
This he considers gigantic long-range
task which selfish, snatch grabbing
pressure groups" show little signs of de-
string to undertake in the Golden Rule
spirit.
Hansens optimism for postwar pros
perity, which calls for utilizing the
cradle-to-grave social security as an
economic cornerstone, also is based upon
certain fundamental premises
Such social security program, he
said, can act as powerful balance
wheel, offsetting the fluctuation which
Evening star., 1943-04-11

same thing applies on
a larger scale to the
Beveridge plan in
England which can
only guarantee social
security to all her
people by exploiting
her colonies"
Secondly, and more
important to Sorokin,
he believes our spirit
ual resources are too
slim ever to allow the
plan to work.
TOO many people
think reaching a ma
terial Utopia is simply
a matter of techno-
logical improvements,
engineering and eco
nomic blueprints." he
asserts.
They forget that
cultural and spiritual
values are just as nee
essary and that no
Evening star., 1943-04-11
By Jack Duranf,
Associated Press Writer,

budget by progressive income taxation,
is a means of securing a wider distribu-
ton of income and larger mass con-
sumption of goods"
wise and full use of our productive
resources cannot be obtained by private
plants to produce goods" he argues.
Sorokin welcomes the spirit that
prompted the ''cradle-to- grave security
PLAN" but his argument that it is i'm
practical is based upon two fundamental
premises:
First, the United States has not
enough natural resources to make the
plan work without exploiting other
countries for our benefit. He says the
Evening star., 1943-04-11

we have had for
100 years in the
private enterprise
sphere.
This concept in
troduced a wholly
new notion of
what true govern
mental economy
means. True econ
ony in gov ern 60
ment expenditures
means the elimi-
nation of waste
and inemciency.
The picture of
the miser who
t h ks he is
achieving genuine
wealth by curtail-
ing consumption
until he starves,
S i m u ! t a neously
adding to his pile
of gold, is far from
a grotesque illus
tration of some Of
Evening star., 1943-04-11

the social security
cradle = to = grave
, plan did not de-
crease his pessi-
!, mism.
{ at is a nice
!. philosophical idea,
, but our material
and spiritual re-
! sources are too
small to make it
PRACTICAL he says.
At best, Sorokin
believes, the plan
could only clip
the wool from the
rich sheep to make
a t h in blanket
! that would b u t
! partly cover the
, poor" A n d he
adds:
! utopia you can
not make in a
day or plant rho
d o d e n d r ons by
,ehs~r - h,J{tNy,
Evening star., 1943-04-11

Continued on Page B-3, Column 81
Evening star., 1943-04-11

Continued on Page B-3, Column So
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-01-08
Rush MedidtOrs
To Coal Strike

WILKES-BARRE. Pa. Jan. Z
UP).-Federal and state medi-
ators were ordered to the Pennyyl-
vania Anthracite region today
following the appeal Of Solid Fuels
Co-ordinator Harold L. IckeS for
an end TO strike of approx
mately 1900 miners that has dis
rupted production and impcrled
consumer supplies.
Ickes plea followed unsuccessful
appeals by international and dis
trict officers of the United Mine
Workers Of America, who called
on miners 10 return TO WORK and
file a formal complaint against
increased dues with the inter-
national executive board
In reply workers az five coll
lieries voted toy continue their
strike while three additional col
lerieS voted to join the walkout.
Other striking locals win vote 0on
the proposal later. N u
Spokesman for the strikers
said the chief gridvence was the
increase of monthly union dues
from 81 TO $50 voted by the
UMWA convention last October
at Cincinnati.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-01-08

WASHINGTON, Jan. T ms. - HghEghts Of
President RoosereHs message to the Scrcnty-eighh
Congress fololc:
The coming year will be filled with violent conflict
yet with high promise of better things.
Yes-the Nazis and the Fascists have asked for it
and they going to get it.
Now aim is to force the Japanese to fight Last
year. stopped them This year intend to advance
/ cannot tell you when where the United Nations
going to strike in Europe. But going to
strickland strike hard.
do not prophesy when this will end
But do believe that this year of 1913 will give to
the United Nations very substantial advance along the
roads that lead to Berlin and Toxic.
tell you that it is within the realm of possibility
that this Seventyeghh Congress may have the historic
privilege of helping greatly to the world from future
fear.
AS speak to you, approximately 100000 of our
soldiers sailors, marines and ers are in service outside
our continental limits, all through the world.
The arsenal of democracy is making good
And determined to keep the cost of living at
a stable level
We do not intend to leave things so lax that loop
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-01-08
Hints Twice at Victory i'm 1914

Mr. Roosevelt's of victory absolute and
unqualified. His judgment the time more cautious
but he did not predict victory this year.
II do not prophesy when this will end he said.
But do believe that this year of 1913 will give to the
United Nations very substantial advance along the roads
that lead to Berlin and Rome and Toxic"
Mr. Roosevelt twice limited at victory in 1914 however,
when he told the present Congress twice-that it might
well have hand in enactng the final peace, which would
give the world the -four freedoms"
Mr. Roosevelt cited figures which he said showed that
American production in 1912 gave or genuine PRIDE
and he criticized those whose criticism of production
was based guesswork and malicious falsifica
ton Of fact"
Mr.. Roosevelt questioned bunty the wisdom of those
why say this is not the time to speak of better postwar
America.
tight Gordon of Capitol and military police safe
guarded President Rooseves appearance before todays
joint session of Congress- All roads but the main drive to
the Capitol closed and soldier guards deployed
every 25 PAGES along that thoroughfare
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-01-08
ghIighfs of ROOseUelt's Speech

holes will be left for cheaers for chiseers for the
manipulators Of the Black Market.
Yes, 1913 will not be easy year for the home
front We shall feel in many ways in daily lives the
sharp pinch of total war.
Fortunately, there are only few Americans who
place appetite above patriotism
Washington may be a madhouse-but only in the
that is the capital city Of nation which fight
ing mad.
Victory in this is the first and greatest goal be-
fore us. Victory in the peace is the next
1t is clear to that if Germany and Italy and Japan
Or any one Of them-remain armed at the end of this
war, or permitted to rearm they will again, and
inevitably, embark upon an ambitious of world
conquest.
The people at home and the people at the front do
not want postwar America which suffers from under
nourishmept or slums-or the dole They want no get
rchquick era of bogus prosperity, M N
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-01-08
Given Thunderous Ovation

The President and his party arrived in the Capitol
plaza at 1914 p In the Presidents party men,
bers of the White House secrearat and the military and
naval aides Judge Samuel Rosenman of New York, and
Robert Sherwood director of the Office of War
information both of whom assisted in preparation of the
Presidents address, Crown Princess Martha of Norway
and Mrs Roosevelt.
Mr.. Roosevelt received thunderous ovation when he
escorted into the chamber 1921 The applause for
the President lasted about two minutes Mr. Roosevelt,
standing by his aides responded to the ovation with nod
He began speaking at 1888.
Mr. Roosevelt devoted large portion of his message
to reviewing the progress of the the last year and
forecasts of more progress this year
"The Nazis and the Fascists have asked for it-apd
they going to get It," he said.
II cannot prophesy. cannot tell you when where
Continued On SKI
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-01-08
Invasion
To Have Reds Aid
Full Text on Page 10
By LYLE C.. WILSON
United Press Staff Correspondent

WASHINGTON, Jan. (UP). President
Roosevelt assured cheering joint session of Con-
gress today that the war will be won-possibly in
1914 he indcated-but that long, tremendous and
costly task in peace as well war still lies ahead
of us.
In his annual message on the state of the union
to the SeventyEighth Congress he called for post
war unity of the fighting Allies to disam the Axis
and to keep it disarmed -
Fortyfour times the packed House chamber echoed
applause and piercing yells Mr.. Roosevelt warned
the peoples and leaders the Axis that the Yanks
coming right to the heart of their countries.
Promising that the United Nations going to strike
and strike hard against the Axis in Europe Mr. Roose
welt described the year 1913 holding out possibility OF
tremendous advances toward peace which he emphasized
encompass the humanitarian detectives endorsed by
the United Nations