davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
, 1943-08-19

Three months ago in South
America I found that the lowliest
peon looked on President Roose-
welt as the symbol of his dearest
aspirations in the peace to come.
So it is also in China and occupied
Europe. I have known the Presi-
dent intimately for 10 years and in
the final showdown he has always
put human rights first.
There r powerful groups who
hope to take advantage of the
Presidents concentration on the
war effort to destroy everything
he has accomplished on the
domestic front over the last 10
years. Some people call these
powerful groups "isolationists,"
others call them "reactionaries"
and still others, seeing them fol-
lowing in European footsteps, call
them american Fascicts."
LOOKS TO FUTURE
Sooner or later the machina-
tons of these small but powerful
groups which put money and
power first and people last will
inevitably be exposed to the public
eye. My purpose today, however,
is to talk about the America of
tomorrow.
There are some who want to
stick to what they would have
us believe are the realities of the
present Their quick comeback to
any question on our peace OBJ
jectives is, eve must not discuss
anything except the war" .
There are others who want to
stick to what they hold are the
realities of the past They have a
stock reply when asked about the
peace: Let us wait and see what
England and Russia do before we
make our plans"
Both opinions are fighting de-
laying actions against our des-
tiny in the peace-a destiny
that calls us to world leader
ship.
When we as victors lay down
arms in this struggle against
the enslavement of the mind and
soul of the human family, we take
up arms Immediately in the great
war against starvation, unemploy-
ment and the rigging of the
markets of the world
We seek a peace hat is more
than just a breathing space be
tween the death of an old tyranny
and the birth of a new one.
We will not be satisfied with a
peace which will merely lead us
from the concentration camps and
mass-murder of Fascism-into an
international jungle of gangster
governments operated behind the
scenes by power-crazed, money
mad imperialists.
Starvation has no Bill of Rights
nor slavery a Magma Carta. Wher-
ever the hopes of the human FAM
lily are throttled, there we find
the markings of revolt.
, 1943-08-19

The common man in America,
and every American soldier over
seas, wants free enterprise and full
employment. He wants to see the
great new war plants converted
into plants producing peacetime
goods. He knows that he and
others have acquired new skills
and they should be put to use.
The average man of America
knows that we can make and
consume all goods which make
for a higher standard of living.
He wants and he must have a
job, enough to eat and wear,
decent shelter, his own home
and automobile, and a chance
to educate his children.
He knows that high-tariff pro-
lection for our markets leads only
to retaliation and boycotts by
other countries.
He knows that no coalition of
nations can weather the innumer-
able impacts of money and trade
monopolies. He witnessed the col
lapse of sanctions under the
League of Nations and the growth
of relationships that appeal to
their peoples by promising to free
them from economic slavery. He
is convinced that nations must be
organized by something more than
trade pacts and nonaggression
treaties. The peace-makers must
have more daring and vision than
the war-makers.
REPEATS 4 DUTIES
A year ago I cited the four
duties of the peoples revolution as
I saw them. They were:
1.-The duty to produce to the
limit.
2-The duty to transport as rap
idly as possible to the field of bat
tie.
3-The duty to fight with all
that is in us.
4-The duty to build a peace
just, charitable and enduring.
Millions of our people from Of
fees and factories, from farms,
mines, oil fields and timber lands,
have accepted those duties with
typical American courage and for
titude. They are making heroic
sacrifices to speed the victory.
But if war has its duties, peace
has its responsibilities.
Three outstanding peace-time
responsibilities as I see them to-
day are these:
1.-The responsibility for en-
lightenment of the people.
2-The responsibility for mob
ilizing peace-time production for
full employment.
3-The responsibility for
planning world cooperation.
The American press, radio,
school and church, free from domi-
nation by either Government OF
corporate interest, can hold up to
our people the vision of the free
dom and abundance of the Amer
lea that is to be. These great
agencies of enlightenment can ed
ucate us with regard to the funda-
, 1943-08-19

had given of our best blood and
our separate fortunes only to be
labeled the land of Uncle Shylock.
We changed it to Uncle Sap and
said, Never again"
How many of us after this sec
ond worldwide scourge of suffer-
ing and death will say, Never
again?"
Shall it be Never again" to
joining in seeking world peace?
Shall it be Never again" to living
alone on an island of false secur-
ity? Shall it be our second retreat
from our responsibility in world
cooperation?
Ours must be a generation
that will distill the stamina and
provide the lskills to create a
war-proof world. We must not
bequeath a second blood bath
to our children.
World leadership must be more
concerned with welfare politics
and less with power politics-more
attentive to equalizing the use of
raw materials of nations than con-
doning the policies of grab and
barter that freeze International
markets-more interested in OPEN
ing channels of commerce than
closing them by prohibition tariffs
more mindful of the need for a
stable currency among all co,,n-
tries than in high interest rates on
loans. World leadership must be
more occupied with preventing The
political house burners from set
ting off the fires of revolt than
stopping them after they start.
But world cooperation cannot
enforce such standards of inter-
national justice and security by
paper diplomacy and remote cen
troll.
HITS AT DEFEATTSTS
Our choice is not between a Hit
Ter slave world and an out-of-
date holiday of "normalcy." The
defeatists who talk about going
back to the good old days of
Americanism mean the time when
there was plenty for the few and
scarcity for the many.
Nor is our choice between an
Americanized Fascism-and the
restoration Of prewar scarcity
and unemployment Too many
millions of our people have come
out of the dark cellars and
squalor of unemployment ever
to 90 back.
Our choice is between democ-
racy for everybody or for the few
between the spreading of social
safeguards and economic opportu-
nifty to all the people-or the con-
c~entration of our abundant re-
sources in the hands of selfishness
and greed.
The American people have
brought a brave and clear con-
| science to this crisis of all man
kind Every family, every COM
munity, feeling the denials and
restraints of war, has been forced
to search for a red-rock of faith.
And In that tomorrow when
peace comes, education for toler-
ance will be just as important as
the production of television. The
creation of a decent life for every
family will take as much plan
ming as the building of new cars
and refrigerators and washing ma
chimes.
Sees Great Power
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1943-11-12

Washington. Nov. ZAP Re
publican leaders will meet In Chi.
cago January 10 and II TO select
a date and place for The 1894 ma
tional convention which the COP
hopes will be the springboard for
return to national political power
Chairman Harrison z. Spangler
today issued a call for the meeting
IN be held at the Stevens Hotel.
The l06 national committee mem
bers and 96 state chairmen and
vice chairmen we're invited. max.
ing il a double.barreled affair
SDangler has been meeting state
cbairmen in regional groups on
swings about the country. This
will be the first time he has had
them all together since his ele".
ton 10 the chairmanship last De
cembe..
The Democrats also are expected
10 meet in January 20 arrange for
their convention Both parties in
the past have held these site-select-
ing conferences In Washington
But Spangler said transportation
difficulties dictated the choice OF
centrally located city.
Tor similar reasons. both par
ties have been urged by Defense
Trsnsportsticn Director Joseph B.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1943-11-12
Republican Leaders to Set
Date, Place of Convention

Eastman 10 hold their conventions
IN Chicago. because the Midwest
proved the COPS most import
ant stronghold in the 1912 cleo
tons and will be main battle
ground in 1914. the Republicans
more than likely will choose Chi
cago or some other midwestern
metropolis. The Democrats also
are leaning toward Chicago.
Philadelphia and Cleveland have
put out feelers for both conven-
lions. while st. Louis and Los An
geles have inquired about the Dem
ocratic. and Atlantic City and De-
troit for the Republican.
Philadelphia has entered a ten
tatiye bid OF 100000 for the Dem
ocratic conclave. 1t put up $780,
100 for the Republican meeting In
1880. while Chicago raised 5000,
900 for the Democrats
There have been indications that
some cities. including Chicago.
might not be very anxious 10 raise
big sum to pay the expenses Of
the conventions next year In re-
turn for added business the
crowds bring 10 their merchants.
Such cities are already bursting
with people and monev while
things are none TOO plentiful.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1943-11-12
.Chaiirnen For
Scouts Named

Or. James Warren and Norman
HOLDEN we're named chairman and
vice chairman respectively. OF the
. Ypsilant District Committee Of
Boy Scouts, at the annual district
meeting in Charles McKenny Hall
Thursday evening. DR.. Warren
will replace Rev. Raymon Bair,
who has served as chairman for
the past two years and Mr.. Hol.
ben will replace Gerald Fulford.
Both Rev. Bair and Mr.. Fulford
will remain active as committee
members.
In a report on the organization
and extension committee OF which
he is chairman, Lawrence Cunning
told Of the organization Of a new
troop at Ross School in the East
Ypsilanti Area and Of a new cub
pack at Harriet School.
Leonard Menzi reporting for the
leadership training committee.
stated that the second in a series
OF monthly meetings OF leader.
ship training course will be Mon
day evening at 1880 at the Ypsi-
lanti High School. This course
may be taken by new scoutmas-
tiers, fathers. or other persons int
crested in learning more OF scout
ing.
DR.. L. Paul Elliott. chairman OF
cub activities. told OF the rally OF
all cub packs, with parents, to be
Dec. .. in the Roosevelt High
School lunchroom.
The committee Is to consider
further the question of changing
its name to make clear that its
territory includes not only Ypsi-
lanti, but all OF the East Ypsilanti
district.
A large delegation from the
Ypsilanti district will attend
the Observation-Disclosures annual
Council meeti g on Monday, Dec.
s, at the Michigan League, Ann
Arbor. The meeting will include
conferences, at 4 p. m. a dinn.r,
at 6 p. m. and the evening pro-
gram. which will begin at 6.45 p.
m.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1943-11-12
Rulings Told
to Retailers

Regulations governing wage ad'
iustments, and employment Of
minors were explained for local re-
tailers at a meeting Thursday eve
ming in Charles McKenny Hall,
when they were addressed by Law
renee Sweeney. representing tho
Detroit office OF the War Lahor
Board.
Mr.. Sweeney urged cooperation
between employers and the WLB.
explaining the necessity for strict
adherence 10 the laws which have
been set up. lie explained the sys
TEN OF working permits, and the
new regulations governing them.
which provide that all persons un-
der the age OF rs must obtain work.
ing permits in order TO have EN-
ployment.
Wage adjustments must also he
cleared through the proper chan
nels for employers Of over eight
persons, he said. stating that
should adjustments be made un'
lawfully they would be revealed
in ones income tax report.
Also attending the meeting.
which was the monthly Retailers
War Clinic. under the sponsor
ship OF the retail affairs commit
tee OF the Board OF Commerce, was
James Purkiss. representing the
University OF Michigan Extension
Department
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1943-11-12
Wage,
Balance Seen

Washington. Nov. 12-INS-Fear
that the administration IL prepar-
ing plan to keep prices and
wages in constant balance through
permanent control OF commodities
brought scores Of farm leaders to
Washington today for hearings be
fore the Senate Agriculture com.
mittee.
Heading the list OF producers
from all parts OF the country were
livestock men led by Judge Joe c.
Montague OF Fort Worth. Tex.
general counsel for a number Of
big livestock associations.
Commissioners OF agriculture
from all the states. as well as rep
resentatives OF many other farm
groups. also have been invited by
Sen. Ellison y. Cotton Ed Smith
(D) s. c., committee chairman.
Before the hearings begin Mon.
day, an attempt will be made to
establish a concerted program for
attack on subsidies. crop quota
snd present forms OF price control.
The farm groups also plan TO op-
pose formulation OF any policies
which would tend TO shove the ma
tons agriculture into the econom-
ic background for the benefit OF
industry.
You are going to hear some in
teresting testimony on this whole
matter" Montague said. 1T would
be a nice thing IL we could always
have ages and prices m constant
balance. Theoretically It can be
done by control OF commodity sur
pluses.
However. that is only utopian
theory. Socialism Is pretty
theory, too
The administration general
plan, according 10 the farm group
is to control SURPRISES through pur.
chase. storage. loans. and quotas
and to guide the flow OF commodi
ties into the market.
Coincidentally. price levels Of
certain basic products would b.
maintained through program oil
subsidies and support prices. Tar
whole would 60 hand in hand with
policies OF the National Labor Re
lations Board and its authority
over wages.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1943-11-12
.OPA to Set
Coal Prices

Washington, Nov. 12--INs-oPA
officials sought today TO work out
"slectlye" coal price increase
that Will ease the blow on consum-
ers OF the recent pay boost for
$4,000 miners.
Mine operators previously esti-
mated that granting OF UNIV Presi-
dent John L. Lewis wage demands
would necesstate an increase OF
20 to 80 cents per ton in the price
OF coal. This would add $500 0O0,-
600 to the nations annual fuel bill.
Price control experts have not
subscribed to this overall picture
OF the situation. however, and the
price iucrease subsequently grant
ed is expected to be substantially
below the mine owners figure
Instead Of a general price boost.
the OPA repeatedly has decided
on a "selective' adjustment for
mines and producing areas which
do not fully benefit from increased
production under The new coal
wage contract and connot absorb
the pay increase OF the miners
longer work day
OPA experts cited the coal Gaze
as the forerunner OF what may hap
pen 20 the entire price picture II
labor Is successful in its demand
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1943-11-12
Count De Marigny Found Not
Guilty But May be DepOrted

Count Alfred de Marigny was a
free man today, cleared OF charges
that he murdered his wealthy
father-in.law. hut above him hov
cred the threat OF being deported
from the Bahama Islands.
The same man jury which &C
quilted him OF the Staying OF Sir
Harry Oakes by vote OF 20 s
brought the deportation threat
when it recommended such "imme.
date" action TO Chief Justice Sir
Oscar Dali in Bahamas Supreme
Court.
After celebrating but an hour
and SO minutes. the jury filed back
into the tiny jam-packed court
room TO free the dapper French
noblemLn VIII had sat interestedly
but unruffled throughout the %
court days OF th0 trial. Foreman
John SANDS. when asked the yer
dict, annonced:
Not Guilty.
Then, as a great shout went up
from the crowd and a broad grin
broke across de Marigny's face,
Sands added:
The jury recommends that Ne
Marlgny be deported immediate
ly."
Judge DAILY was obviously taken
aback by this surprise recommen.
dalton and. turning TO the Jurors,
remarked.
That's something ! cannot con.
tend with. but no doubt the proper
authorities will take cognizance
OF your recommendation
Under Bahamaian law, which diff
fers from that OF Britain. immigra-
ton authorities in the islands have
the right to deport anyone without
explaining their reasons for doing
so. While IL was not Immediately
clear where De Marigny might he
sent, should the ia Us recommen.
dalton be followed. II was thought
possible he might he deported 10
the Indian Ocean island OF Mauri-
thus where he was born Wartime
restrictions. however. could well
preclude such action
As pandemonium broke loose N
the additionally staid courtroom.
de Msrgny jumped from the prison.
er's dock into the arms OF his at
tractive t9-yearold wife. Nancy.
She had been sitting but 10 feet
away and. her face wreathed with
happy smiles, met the handsome
French nobleman midway They
embraced ioyfuliy before turning
literally 10 fight their way through
crowds Of well-wishers to their
waiting car.
Once back in their Victoria Ave
home. where the Count gave din
me- party the night Sir Harry wa
blrdgeoned and burned to death.
the happy couple received the
press Tic dwelling enjoyed a
festive air gaily.colored flowers
graced the rooms and table was
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1943-11-12
You Can Shear Sheep Every
Year, Skin Him Only Once

Washington, Nov. IL -AP-
Given a new slogan by Chairman
Doughton (D-NC) you can shear
"a shsep avery years b'Vt goa can
skin him but once"-the Ways and
Means Committee headed toward
the House floor today with $2,142,.
100000 tax bill.
Rep. Carlson (R-Kans). com
mittee member, predicted the
House and the country" would &C.
cept this second wartime revenue
measure, which is about one-fifth
the .50O,00O,0OO asked by the
administration.
The bill. formally approved by
the committee last night, calls
principally for higher postal rates.
higher excuses on so-called luxur-
ies-liquor, horse racing, amuse-
ments. furs, jewelry, lipstick and
other consumer items-and an in
crease in the wartime levy on cor
poration excess profits.
1t alters but little the taxes on
individual incomes and makes no
change in the normal and surtaX
levies on corporate earnings.
The 20 per cent Withholding rate
against the taxable portions OF
wages and salaries would remain
the same. There is no retail sales
tax plan. and present rates on es-
tates and gifts would not be dis.
turbed.
I. Merger Of the victory tax with
the individual income levy. picking
up $12,000,O00 in the process by re-
pealing the victory levy and rails
ing the normal personal income
rate from to 10 per cent, and
adjusting some surfaces. Special
provisions are made TO retain on
the tax rolls some 100000 per
sons now paying victory levies but
whose earnings are not large
enough TO be affected by the reg
ular income tax. For these the
income tax will approximate their
former net victory payments.
.. Boost some postal rates and
hike excuses, to bring in about ST.
375,000.000 additional revenue
around s479.000,000 OF which would
come from consumers OF liquor,
beer and wine.
After aboutfacing four times. the
committee decided to put the liz
uor tax at 50 a gallon, compared
with the present Sc rate. It pre-
yiously had fluctuated between So
and $40. The beer tax would be
jumped from 81 to IS barrel and
wine increased all along the line.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1943-11-12
See WAR-Page 5
Lehman to be
Relief Head

Atlantic City. y. j.. Nov. 12-UP
Herbert H. Lehman, former gov
ernor of New York. today became
the "yitamin diplomat" OF World
W. II. charged with the task OF
providing relief for more millions
OF the worlds population than any
man has attempted.
Lehman achieved this position by
being elected unanimously director
general of the United Nations Re
lief and rehabilitation Administra.
ton at plenary session Of the 42
delegates TO the present conference
yesterday. He assumed office last
night at ceremonies in the Claridge
Hotel. whose broad red brick IA.
cade looks across the Atlantic 10
the Europe where first relief prob.
lens will arise
His new position, Gaping a long
career in public service, was won
with little effort by the United
States. which will contribute an
ettimated 100000. 900 TO 81. 900 900 =.
00U.to the humanitarian project. He
was supported for the office by
President Roosevelt. a long time
friend.
The task confronting him was
regarded as having many heavy and
intricate responsibilities. Although
he no longer has any political am
billions. he may become more high
ly respected over larger areas OF
the world than was Herbert Hoover
after his successful career as re.
lief administrator OF World War
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1943-11-12
Ford Announces Post War Plans
With Russia


Washington. Nov. ls-lNS-Far-
reaching plans for a new era OF
economic cooperation between the
United States and Soviet Rus
STA after the war are understood
today TO have figured prominent
ly In the recent Moscow talks.
II is believed this economic phase
OF Allied cooperation also will be
discussed at meeting which is
now expected TO take place soon
between President Roosevelt. Brit
ish Prime Minister Winston Churc.
hill and Soviet Premier Joseph
Stain.
With Secretary OF State cordell
Hull's return from Moscow, II be.
came known that the Importance
OF the economic aspects OF post.
war cooperation with Russia was
overlooked in the emphasis on the
political agreements.
The joint communiQue issued in
connection with the conclusion OF
the Moscow pact mentioned the
fact that economic cooperation"
was among other important ques-
tons TO which consideration was
given at the conference. However.
there was no official elaboration
on the nature OF the economic dis
cussions that took place in Mos
COW.
There Is now reason TO believe
the American and Soviet govern
ments envisage a vast expansion
of trade between the two countries
in the immediate postwar period.
The Soyiets have let It be known
they will need a great deal OF cap
ital equipment 10 help reconstruct
and develop Russia after the war.
Soviet Premier Joseph Stain is
prepared 10 pay for this capital
equipment with raw materials, es-
pecially mineral resources. which
the United States will need. These
raw materials would include man
ganese. chromium, copper and
possibly even oil.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1943-11-12
Russian Amy Halfway to Berlin

(By International News Service)
Russian armies advancing on the
approaches or Ihitomir today
reached the halfway mark from
Stalingrad to Berlin in a sus-
tanned, nine months drive OF 700
miles from that heap of Volga rub
BILE to the western Ukraine.
They fought their way 60 miles
west Of Kiev 10 less than 80 miles
from the last north-south railway
the Germans hold in Russia. A
hundred towns fell. About 5000
Germans died. The Kiev bulge
was spreading west. northwest and
southwest and the demobilized
Germans appeared powerless to
arrest It.
The Red Army was within %
miles of Zhitomir which lies SIS
miles southeast of Berlin and 720
miles west of Stalingrad where the
tide of the Russian war turned de-
cisively last Feb. when the Rus
slams completed the liquidation of
the German sixth army Of more
than 100000 men. Points in the
kiev bulge were about so miles
from old Poland, but further north
in the Newell sector where other
Russians were driving forward. Po-
land was only 20 to 80 miles away.
The Germans declared that the
Russians were trying to force a
turning point OF the entire war" in
the battle west of Kiev and also
spoke of powerful Russian lunge
in the Chernigov sector north OF
the Ukrainian capital close TO the
Pripet marshes. which divide Ger
man armies OF the north and south.
Violent, inconclusive fighting CON
tinued in the sealed off Crimea.
Allied bombers from the Med
iterranean and Britain converged
on the coastal railway center of
Cannes in the south Of France last
night in their campaign to cripple
German mobility, giving the Nazis