davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1943-08-22

Allied strategists in the Southwest
Pacific outguessed the Japs last week
and in so doing gained control of new
island, Vella Lavella, possession of which
imperils all Nipponese holdings in the
Solomons area and brings a definite
threat to New Britain on which is 10
Gated Rabaul, most important enemy
base south of Truk.
During the entire week, the tempo of
air warfare was stepped up and the
losses to the Japs mounted to really
serious totals while American flyers es-
capped with strikingly low losses.
The new offensive began on Sunday
when American landing forces escorted
by light ships of the Navy suddenly
struck at Vella Lavella which lies As
miles northwest of New Georgia and
took the island without fight other
than an air attack, seizing in the process
some $50 unarmed japanese, some of
whom were survivors of the abortive
enemy effort to relieve his beleagured
forces defending Munda airfeld, an
undertaking which cost the Japs some
where between Is and % cruisers and
destroyers which went to the bottom in
Kula Gulf.
The new Allied base cuts off the in
tervening islands between Vella LaVella
and New Georgia, including Ganongga,
Giza, Wanawana, Arundel and Kolom-
bangara, the latter with its base Villa
having been considered the logical next
point of attack by the Allied forces.
The Japs apparently had anticipated
action on Kolombangara where 5000
JapS are waiting, but Gen. Macarthur
shifted from the island by island STEP
ping stone strategy to a skip jump which
now embarrasses the enemy considerably
because our forces now are only TO miles
from Bougainville.
The Japs who come back for more
like punch-drun fighter, attempted
Wednesday to recapture Vella Lavella,
sending between 20 and 80 heavily
packed barges which carried up to 1900
men under escort of four destroyers to-
ward the island. The convoy, spotted by
Allied aircraft, was intercepted by a
light force of American ships which
broke up the convoy, sinking many of the
barges which were abandoned by the
deStroyers when the fighting opened.
Two of the enemy destroyers were badly
damaged in half hour night engage
ment and one may have sunk. A third
was slightly damaged and all four turned
away as the American ships concentrated
on the barges. OF those aboard, not
more than 300 made shore where Allied
troops awaited them, capturing many
prisoners.
Down in New Guinea, where the
Evening star., 1943-08-22
Italian Front

The fall Of Sicily, paving the way for
invasion of the mainland, came with
great rapidity last week. Allied forces
moved within artillery range of Messina,
escape port, on Sunday. On the north,
American troops caught up with the
Axis rear guards at MilaZzo, "A miles
from Messina while the British ad
vancing up the east coast passed beyond
Taormina to a point Is miles from the
port There they come within range of
German 15-inch guns across the Strait
of Messina, but kept going doggedly
forward.
Tuesday morning, two American divi-
sions had the honor of entering Messina
first and the campaign for Sicily was
over. Shortly before, an American
colonel, firing Long Tom sent the first
artillery shell screaming over onto the
Italian mainland.
recapitulation of losses issued by
Gen. Eisenhower after the fall of Sicily
placed the Axis total at $4,000 in killed,
wounded and prisoners with Allied figures
approximately $4,000. The German and
Italian losses in tanks were set at 26o,
big guns at 502 and aircraft at l,49l.
The Allies lost 247 planes.
With the mopping up operations
quickly underway, Gen. Eisenhower de-
clared that the American 7th Army and
the British 9th were fit and ready to
go forward on any new task which
might be assigned.
No time was lost in taking the Egadi
group of three islands off the western tip
of Sicily. where 1027 Italian troops
equipped with tanks and artillery sur
rendered to two American officers who
hired a fishing boat for 50 and cruised
to the three islands demanding sur
render from the commanding officer of
each and receiving it with the usual
Italian alacrity.
On Tuesday two of the Aeolian Islands,
Lipari and Stromboli were seized, pro-
viding other hopping off points for in
yasion on the shin of the Italian boot.
With the preliminary work done, Allied
planes began shattering assault on
various key points on the mainland,
climaged by raid Friday night by at
least TOO planes which, in a saturation
attack, played havoc at the communica-
tions center of Foggia, about 20 miles in
land from the east coast of Italy. The
raid was the greatest mass attack of the
entire Mediterranean campaign.
Starting Sunday with raids on i'm
portant centers in the vicinity of Rome
Allied aircraft carried on without stop
Evening star., 1943-08-22
Policy Lacking.
Continued From Page C-Io

rs expressed by spokesmen-both inside
and outside the Governments one OF
counting foreign favor.
We talk at length Of supplying the
world for an undetermined length of
time with food and civilian needs, what
ever the cost. We have established
good neighbor policy in South America
based not so much on reciprocal un-
derstanding of our actual needs as on
showering our neighbors with money
and all kinds of goods
We hope to gain the gratitude of the
peoples of the world from South Amer
lea to the Middle East by sending them.
either directly or through our British
friends, manufactured goods and food
stuffs, in many instances without any
compensation except their future friend-
ship. In some instances, such as in
Arabia, Turkey, Iraq and Iran, these
goods are distributed under the Union
Jack instead of the Stars and Stripes
and no one except the lease-lend au-
thorities know their origin.
Hardly a Foreign Policy.
If friendship could be purchased 1t
may be that this type of foreign policy
will justify the expenditure. But so long
as human nature Is what 1t Is, IL Is
questionable whether the favors we are
extending in some cases even to our
foes. will harvest us the good will we are
seeking.
But fundamentally this is not a for
eign policy in its generally accepted
meaning. Not until the people of the
United States become convinced that we
have a determined role In world affairs
decide that minding our own business
must be thing of the past, can we give
the necessary mandate to our Govern
ment to establish a definite foreign
policy.
When that day comes we will have to
talk strongly to our Allies as well as to
our enemies. We must then have def
mite views as to how the new map of the
world is shaped and we must have our
own zones of influence" as the others
now have
The sugar DADDY" policy of today
must be abandoned. The remapping of
Europe will then become as important
as the disposition of the Asiatic terri
tories. Today we have the necessary in
strument to establish our influence or
what some Of our foreign friends call
"the American century" Our armed
forces at the end of the war will be
stronger and more powerful than those
of any nation or combination OF forces.
But unless we are determined to be-
come world power in the sense ac-
cepted heretofore. by the older powers.
and on the basis of our strength turn an
entirely new leaf in our national exist
ence, 1t will be futile to seek a continue
Gus line of policy. 1t does not exist at
this time.
Evening star., 1943-08-22
Russian Front

Bitter fighting ragged all week along the
500-mile active Russian front which
stretches from Spas Demensk about 200
miles southeast of Moscow to the southern
anchor at Kharkov. Both the Nazis and
the Reds are throwing in great masses
of troops and tanks with air support
and all indications point to a crisis
shortly which can bring crushing dis
aster to the invaders.
Sunday the Reds moved forward from
Karachev, toward Bryansk some 26 miles
away. The capture of Karachev had
severed the last artery of escape for
Nazis trapped around Orel and heavy
bag of prisoners is anticipated because
of German failure to extricate any great
number of the troops seeking to halt the
Red advance Up around Spas Demensk,
the Reds pushed ahead in an effort to
cut the rail line from Smolensk to
Bryansk an accomplishment which
would shut off the vital supplies moving
from East Prussia.
Desperate Nazi counterattacks failed
and the Reds for time made rather
rapid progress for an action involving
such stiff fighting toward Bryansk which
is now the hinge Of the entire German
Evening star., 1943-08-22
European Front

Day and night without letup, Allied
planes smashed away at Nazi defenses in
Europe all week long in the heaviest un-
broken assault of the war.
While there were no heavy saturation
raids on scale equal to those on Ham
burg, the widespread destruction was
even more confusing to the enemy be-
cause of the uncertainty over where the
main attack might be expected.
Airfields and communications facilities
came in for special attention. Monday,
six airfields in France including Paris
huge LIE Bourget were blasted by the
British and American flyers. The previ-
Gus night Berlin was raided by Mosquitoes
while Milan, already described as a
gigantic ruin" was shaken anew by 100
2-ton blockbuster bombs dropped by the
British.
Tuesday, Flying Fortresses blasted
Friedrichshafen, two of the planes being
forced down in Switzerland where the
American flyers were given an enthusi-
astic reception before being interned.
Turin was hit by the British.
Wednesday the attack went on with
Berlin hit again and the important re-
search center at Peenemuende blasted.
American Flying Fortresses, in their first
shuttle raid from England to Africa,
smashed the Nazis' second largest Mes
serSchmitt factory at Regensburg near
Muenich. Other American planes Strik-
ing north from Africa bombed German
airfields 25 miles inland from Marseille
Other Allied targets in a 24-hour period
included lie Bourget, the 72-acre ball
bearing plant at Schweinfurt, near
Frankfurt; Nazi airdromes at Lille
Vendoville, Bryas Sud and Polk, France;
the rail terminal at Calais, airfields in
Holland and Belgium Cape Banifati and
Port Scalea on the italian mainland, the
harbor of Preveza, Greece, and shipping
in the Aegean Sea.
For the rest of the week, it was the
lighter bombers which took over the task
of softening the Axis, especially at the
invasion points where supporting air.
fields and rail lines were special targets
Altogether, it was bad week for
CIermanV
Evening star., 1943-08-22

steamroller is gradually crushing the
JapS, force of American bombers Tues
day attacked some 225 enemy planes on
the airfield at WeWak, where they were
lined up ready for dawn take-of
against the Allies. Of this number 2l5
were destroyed on the ground or shot
out of the air when they rose to give
battle.
On Sunday in various air battles all
over the Southwest, 48 Jap planes were
shot down to the loss of only five Amer
leans, the pilots of two of which were
saved. Thirty some odd were destroyed
in the air above Vella Lavella. During
the week, also, oil refineries on Borneo
were bombed by Allied planes which
made a 2,500-mile round trip. Various
targets in Burma took a beating and
most of the enemy bases in occupied
areas in the general theater of action
were bombed
On the ground Allied forces moved
rapidly ahead in the drive for Salamaua
on New Guinea and to mop up the rem
nants of the Japs north of Munda on
New Georgia
Evening star., 1943-08-22
ARTICLE I.

11CLC L.
A marked quickening of the pulse sets
in as you await an appointment at the
White House with the distinguished man
of the sea. Once over the threshold into
68-year-old Admiral Leahy's Office, how
ever, his cordiality and graciousness act
as perfect sedative to your squeamish-
ness. Breathing naturally again, YOU
tell yourself that alls well, even if you
are standing before great admiral, the
Presidents chief adviser, former Gov
ernor Of Puerto Rico and Ambassador to
France.
Before us is the one man in all the
armed strength of the Nation upon
whom the President relies for guidance
in carrying forward strategy both on
land and sea that will bring victory to
our forces thousands of miles from home.
Admiral Leahy's official status carried
with it quantities of gold braid. but it's
the luster of his personality that pre-
dominates.
The admiral is cooperative, but min
utes are precious-so to work.
In the posing chair sits man OF
solid frame with strong head on broad
shoulders. His face is battling. It's
strong and stern, no question about that,
but it's kind and smiling at the same
time. You study it closer and it's ap-
parent that the admirals mind and
character are reflected in his counte-
ance, his expression an integration Of
realism and emotion.
Sunken beneath broad, high fore
head, the admirals eyes sparkle, seem to
penetrate the object Of focus. At first
meeting his glance, you may feel uneasy
but his ready smile soon quashes ner-
yousneSS.
There is dignity, an elegance to the
man that might well dominate the
Court of st. James, but bubbling to the
very surface comes also simplicity,
Evening star., 1943-08-22
Relief
Continued From Page CID

problem. They had lost legs, arms,
eyes. Other men could go to work for
the Allied armies on construction jobs.
But these men couldn't.
The Lehman workers put them into
a land camp And that led to another
surprise-those injured people now are
almost self-supporting because they went
to work with a will on truck farm,
and in raising chickens. rabbits, ducks
and guinea pigs.
They set up small industry making
sandals from grass-theyre reported SELL
ing like hot cakes.
A big Job was to get food moving from
the down country farms into the cities.
But the farmers wouldn't bring it in.
They could get only francs for their
food, and they wanted goods-especially
clothing The cities had no goods. But
there was plenty of boarded money.
The United States had brought the
goods. Reclaimed" clothes those gar
ments we all contributed to relief, shoes,
sugar, tea, coffee, dried milk, rice, and
so on. The Lehman men opened re
lief stores'-this particularly in Tunisia.
The people f1ocked in to buy. The farm
ers began to come to town. Trade re-
Vived
The Lehman people hadn't figured
there would be as much boarded money
as there was The people didn't want
the reclaimed" clothing, they wanted
cotton to make new garments So Africa
cabled Washington, and Lehman people
here bought up bolts of cotton yard
goods and rushed them over. The Tu-
nisans were glad enough to pay.
Stocks Sold at Cost.
There were some 80 such. relief stores.
They were kept open just long enough
to permit the locals to get their imme-
diate needs filled
The stocks were sold at cost price: the
price paid here for the goods, plus trans
portation charges. And the second hand
clothes, where the people could pay, went
for the following prices: ST to 50 for a
dress and so cents to dollar for mans
coat or pair of trousers.
Tunisia fell last, so big stockpiles,
back of the lines, moved in just "a
hours after the Army. But in Algiers
and French Morocco We were still fight
Evening star., 1943-08-22

warmth for the man on Main street
It's the quality so many great men
possess-what makes them great, prob
ably. Some of my best friends are
Sailors" he told me.
How did he span the channel from
fighting deck oMcer to diplomat and
then executive department officer? "Ive
always been student of my calling, u
says the admiral. II tried to under
stand my problem theoretically. When
I mastered that put them to practical
practice. But always incorporated the
element of human values"
Inspiration must have played an i'm
portant part in his career. and Mrs
Leahy stands strongly in focus as that
inspiration.
Admiral Leahy says he is fond of art
but, being an honest man. he admits
he doesn't know much about it.
A Hampton, Iowa, boy by birth, the
Admiral received his appointment to the
Naval Academy in 1893 from Wisconsin.
His career is a story in itself, covering
four closely typed pages in the Navy
records. During World War /, he was
senior aid on the staff of the commander
of Squadron 3, Patrol Force, Atlantic
Fleet. and later executive officer on the
Nevada. He has been director of officer
personnel of the Department Of Naviga-
ton, chief of the Bureau of Ordnance
and commander of many units.
The commission of rear admiral came
along in the course of duty in 1890. He
was member of the board of reorgan-
ization of the Navy Department and
amalgamation of the Marine Corps and
other corps staffs with the Navy in 1888.
In 1897 he became admiral, chief of ma
val operations, in 1899 Governor of
Puerto Rico and in 1941 Ambassador to
France
President Roosevelt appointed him
chief of staff last year. The University
of Puerto Rico honored him with the
degree of doctor of laws; Georgetown
conferred the degree of doctor of mill
tary science on him and the University
of Wisconsin gave him another doctor
of laws degree.
(ReIeased by the Bell Syndicate. Incl
Evening star., 1943-08-22
AMGOT
Continued From Page C-1.)

with their retreating troops. The first
step AMGOT officials took when entering
town was to look up the Mayor and
the chief of police. In some cases where
all civil officials had left, Catholic priests
acted as temporary local officials in
Sicily.
Press reports also state that Gen. San
nino, chief of the royal carabinieri or
police in Sicily, is cooperating with
Allied leaders in helping to maintain
order there
AMGOT's civilian supply officers have
taken over the Fascist rationing system
for the time being, and are doling out
food cautiously lest they run into severe
shortages in the cities Thus far, it's
reported, there is no great shortage and
the real problem has been to get boarded
food out of the hands of the farmers so
that city folk can buy it.
In this connection the Italian farm
subsidy has been revised for the time be-
ing by AMGOT to provide an incentive
to farmers to sell their grain as soon
as possible.
AMGOT went in with new military
currency, too. This time it's a special
kind of lira, the Italian currency unit,
printed in this country and shipped over
seas the minute the word was flashed
that the invasion had taken place. It's
exchange value has been placed at 100
per United States dollar and 400 per
British pound.
The Nazis have favorite trick of TAX
ing with them all the currency they can
find when they evacuate a place-to
make worse the economic and social
paralysis they like to leave behind them.
Military currency Is one answer to that.
Nazis Are Concerned.
That the Nazis are concerned about
AMGOT's effect may be indicated by the
alacrity with which they began ridi-
culing it. The term "AMGOT" was
evolved in North Africa before the inva-
sion of Sicily by officers who got tired of
saying Allied military government Of
occupied territories They didn't like
the contraction especially, as it sounded
vaguely like "Gestapo" and "Ogpu." But
it was short, so they used it.
There's some agitation to use AMG,
but thus far AMGOT has been too busy
to call itself anything but AMGOT.
Military government is designed to last
as long as the occupation itself, so it's
thought of as a long-term proposition.
In this spirit, AMGOTs personnel was
trained first at the Army's School of Mil
itary Government at Charlottesville, Va,
and later received specialized training
for Sicily at finishing schools" else
where in this country.
Part of AMGOTs function-relief-
may soon be taken over in Sicily by the
State Departments Office of Foreign
Relief and Rehabilitation Operations
(OFRRO). which has just sent Prof.
Wesley Sturges of Yale University to
North Africa to head American aid to
Sicily.
Evening star., 1943-08-22

ing to get ships to the Mediterranean,
so the Lehman people had to concen-
trate on the greatest need-milk for
children, some of whom had had none
since Germany took France. They
found babies SO weak they didn't even
Cry.
Milk poured in from both America
and England. 1t was distributed with
the help Of Red Cross workers through
schools. During the winter and through
May 100000 children got almost a pint
of milk day. Then, in agreement with
French authorities, the program was cut
because the first need was over.
But that milk program proved one of
the greatest helps in establishing good
relations, OFRRO says. The children
put on weight, visibly gained better
health.
There still are some 1000 children
being kept in camps. For the most part
they're refugees from Europe.
Everywhere the Lehman Committee
reports it has tried to turn reconstruct
ton over to local officials as fast as
possible. IL says this plan has been so
successful that the entire job has been
done by staff of men that never ex-
ceeded 20 people.
Much help, both money and staff, has
been given by the American Jewish
Joint Distribution Committee, the
American Friends and the Red Cross
and by the natives themselves; some
times in rather quaint way.
Like those $4,000 layettes the Red
Cross shipped over for the new babies
that kept arriving right under the guns
of invasion. The Arabian mamas we're
delighted, but these layettes were such
very fine gifts that they sat right down
and halved the whole shipment: Re-
suit $4,000 layettes.
Evening star., 1943-08-22

and Kharkov-and the possibility of
Russian breakthroughs here into the
ripening wheat fields of the Ukraine
They constitute serious threats to Nazi
positions in the Caucasus, the Crimea
and the Ukraine.
But the northmost twheel-Smolensk-
may turn more fatally upon Hitler's
plans of Russian conquest. Since the
Germans first attacked Russia two years
ago, the principal base of their eastern
operations has been East Prussia. And
the principal distribution point for sup
plies shipped from East Prussia has been
SmolenSk
Evening star., 1943-08-22
British Prisoners
Study at Camps

British prisoners OF war in Germany
and Italy can continue their education
in the prison camps. This work has been
organized by the Red Cross prisoner of
war educational book department with
the cooperation of the universities and
tenn of correspondence courses has been
organized in close association with the
libraries of the International Red Cross
in Geneva. Some 100000 books have
been sent out to prison camps under this
scheme.
Evening star., 1943-08-22

day and night at communication lines,
tunnels, port facilities munitions and
other industrial targets, while naval
ships shelled a number of coastal points.
There were reports that Germany has
moved additional troops into Italy, in
the hope of holding any Allied invasion
along the Pc River line About $4,000 to
$4,000 troops are said to be available
south of Naples, prepared to carry on
delaying campaign.
Internally the situation in Italy is not
good, especially at bombed Milan
where the people were reported parading
through the streets and demanding
peace
Evening star., 1943-08-22

The Russian offensive on the south and
central fronts is rolling forward on three
giant military wheels. One has already
been taken, Orel, and the other two
Kharkov and Smolensk-are in danger
From these bases Russian saber thrusts
already are slashing out, using the Nazi
technique of encirclement
In this open country the advantage
should be with the Russians. They have
on these fronts the aerial and tank su-
periority to make the best use of the
rolling terrain of the Steppes.
Most attention recently has been given
to the middle and bottom wheels-Orel
Evening star., 1943-08-22
Deaths Exceed Births
In Belgium

During the month of January, 1943.
according to LIE Nouveau Journal Of
March "a, 9,617 living births were re-
corded, OF which 4,945 were boys and
4,672 girls.
During the same period, 1l,432 deaths
were recorded. 6,220 men and 5,212
women.
Evening star., 1943-08-22

This is the first OF series OF
sketches and commentaries about
leading figures in our armed forces By
the eminent artist, Bernard GodaUin,
aDhich UiI appear ON successive Sun
days in The Sunday Star.
Evening star., 1943-08-22
Talk Grows Sicily Captured and Allies Pound Europe Air
Experts Loaned
Continued From Page CID

cent of her spring wheat, 81 per cent of
her rye, 54 per cent of her vegetable
oils, So per cent of her hogs. 10 per cent
of her corn and similarly large percent
ages of her sugar beets, potatoes and
cattle.
Evening star., 1943-08-22
Pacific Front

to an end
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-07-16
Horoscope : By Frances Ora

Look the Section Which Your Birthday Comes
What Your Outlook Is, According to the Stars,
For Saturday, July II