davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1943-02-13
Birmingham, Coal And Steel City,
Looks Ahead To Race Democracy

without any distinction. the rank
and Ale members can't do like
wise in their meetings"
Ore Mines
The third largest employer OF
Negro labor are the ore. mines
and smelling mills where so per
cent of the 10000 workers are Ne
groes.
AS in the cases OF the other two,
this field too is well organized
most Of the workers being men,
bers OF the Mine. Mill and Smell
ter Workers of America. n Clio az
filiate. And As. In the other two
unions there Is Negro prominent
in the operation Of the organiza-
tion. He L. Frank Allen whom ]
was unable to contact because he
was out OF town.
Birmingham has the largest Ne
gro working population of any city
Of similar size in the country. In
addition to the avenues already
mentioned there are the usual joss
of the city open to them.
But after the well organized
heavy industries, Negroes earn
but small pay. Domestics. for ex-
ample get a paltry $3.50 per week,
lust enough to keep my insur-
ance up" one young lady told Us.
Money Talks "a
The influence OF money was
strong enough in at least one in
stance here to break down south
ern tradition.
One of the snooty hotels here
which had never catered TO Ne
groes changed its policy when q
powerful union wanted to hold ar
affair there for its rembers who
are Of both races.
Negro members were urged &c
turn out en- masse-and they die
to the CONSERVATION OF whites
Somehow. police were informed o.
the black invasion Of the white
sacrosanct. A squad rushed to the
hotel preparatory to entering anc
expelling the impudent "niggers.'
But they were halted at tn,
steps, by, Of all persons. the no.
tel manager.
For God sake" he pleaded
don't 60 in there. You'll ruin my
business
CONTINUED NEXT WEEK.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1943-02-13

far as the union has been able to
to make it possible, Negroes are
working in every bracket OF en-
ployment But Alabama has laws
which make it impossible for Ne
gro workmen, regardless OF their
ability, to hold certain key posi-
tons. and this is a barrier which
the union and the NAACP work.
ing hand in hand have been un-
able to overcome.
Hold Offices
The UMWA did not break into
Birmingham easily, AS far back as
1907 efforts were made to organ
ize the workers here and anoth-
err drive was launched in 1921. The
third time the Union attempted to
break in. 1888, it was successful
and successful because OF the
ready response OF Negroes. Today
the field. is 81 per cent organized,
and the fact that Negroes hold at
least one Office in each OF l6T To-
Gals in the state is due to their
having come in on the ground
floor.
knight who has none OF the typ
ical physical characteristics OF a
labor leader is one OF those who
came in on the ground floor Back
Of him is II years experience as
a coal miner. He has held his
present post for six years.
According to- Knight, whose job
IL is TO help negotiate and police
contracts and settle disputes aris-
ing between management and la
Dor. problems in the industry at
present are few. One, however. on
which action is expected 10 be taxi
en- soon is the matter Of wages.
Lowest pay in the industry here
is S525 per day. but highest so far
as Negroes are concerned is SLY
per hour This, knight said, is in
adequate because OF the gradual
increase in the cost Of living here.
In Steel Industry
In steel where the picture Is
very little different approximate
ly 1900 men are employed in the
Birmingham area and OF these IS
per cent are Negroes working
practically in all capacities
The history Of the United Steel.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1943-02-13

BIRMINGHAM, Ala.ZBir-
mingham is a town of hard
working people. Two great
industries--coal and steel
in which there are no soft
jobs-at least for Negroes
utilize a lot OF the Drawn and lit
tie OF the skill of Negroes here.
Roughly. a little more than SO
per cent Of the $1,000 persons en-
gagged in the two fields are Ne
groes whose pay ranges from 60 and
one-half cents per hour. to $50 per
day. To be sure the majority are
found in the lower-paying jobs.
The number of men in overalls
and dirty working clothes appear
ing in the vicinity OF Fourth ave-
nue. and Eighteenth street tells
that this is 4 city OF Drawn and
muscle.
In spite OF increasing demands
for steel and coal in our nations
swelling war industry. there il
still a plentiful supply of labor.
and where Negroes are concerned
.LrflIa1=la5Tov=
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1943-02-13
Defy Police Warning

After organizing white and Ne
groes as separate groups and in
doctrinsting them with the ideal
OF union solidarity regardless Of
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1943-02-13

works OF America Is much more
exciting than that OF the UMWA,
for it has accomplished in a short
er space of time what the UMWA
has so far as racial democracy.
Ebb Cox, an intense sort OF man
who has been jailed and beaten
to advance the union cause which
is life itself to him, pointed out
with pride that three OF the locals,
with mixed memberships, have
Negro presidents.
These men-Joe Hicks. 1923
Second street, Bessemer; Robert
Washington. Bill Thirty third
place. north. Birmingham. and L.
X. McCrary. 1923 Second avenue,
Bessemer-are staunch unionists
and command respect from their
fellow-workers by sheer ability
and accomplishment
Ability Counts
There is very little sentimen-
tally in a union" he said. "A
man holds a job in local be-
cause he can deliver. No worker
is going to vote an incompetent
friend into office when by so do
ing he is endangering his liveli-
hood.
Cox shared the opinion with
Knight and with Rev Owen Whit
field OF the UCAPAWA in Men,
phis that the unions are doing
more than any other agency in the
South to break down racial bar
riers. He told me how the USA
came into Birmingham, and the
story is an impressive illustration
OF the contention.
In line with the Clio policy, the
organizers realized there could not
be a bi-racial set-up here in spite
OF Jim crow laws which prohibit
ed Negroes and whites from meet
ing in the same building.
At first the organizers worked
slowly and cautiously. for they
had also the prejudices OF the
workers themselves to take into
account.
Defy Police Warning
After organizing white and Ne
groes as separate groups and in
doctrinsting them with the ideal
of union solidarity regardless Of
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1943-02-13

stricken throughout the services
held "Wednesday. February 3
Besides his parents, the victim is
survived by his widow. young
son, three sisters and four brothers,
all OF whom reside in Baker county
Thus far no charges have been
fled against Sheriff Screws. who
for seversl days was strangely sb-
sent from the community. Return
ing Wednesday. he was placed I'M
der the care OF a physician sRd re-
ports have been spread that he is
suffering with . nervous break
down"
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1943-02-13
Blame SHERIFF
FOR DEATH Of
ABDUCTED man
Body Badly B attere d
When Taken From
The Jail

ALBANY, Ga.-tANP) After an
sbsence Of two years the state Of
Georgia swung back into the lynch
column. erisAs with the brutal
w1unE ID Meath o. youthful Robert
Hall the dubious distinction OF pro-
vidins the frst Illegal execution OF
is$s. Il was learned this week.
-. Behind the death otIHal was .
story Of white hot hatred. the mis-
use Of police authority. midnight
abduction and hction-like con.
spiracy to take the life of human
being, that 10 20 often told In the
touth
Ferced eut Of Bed
Hall was arrested Friday. January
%. after he had been forced out OF
bed on automobile theft charges
in a fake warrant served by Sheriff
Claude Screws OF Baker county,
accompanied by Policeman Frank
Jones.
Positive proof that the warrant
vas fake came to light this week
with the testimony OF John c.
Derm. owner OF the truck from
which the tire was allegedly
stolen, that no tire had been re.
moved from the vehicle and that he
had preferred no charges against
young Hall Derm's testimony was
eorroborsted by his brother. George
c. Derm, both OF whom denied that
they had signed any warrant
Placed under arrest after the
midnight visit by the minions OF
the law. Hall was at frst thought
70 have been lodged in the Baker
county Jail.
II was not until 2:30 o'clock Sat-
urday morning. January 80, that
what had really happened to Hall
came to light. II was at that hour
that EMPLOYS OF an Albany funeral
home received an ambulance call
70 come to Newton. Ga. about Is
miles away and get niger had
beat up"
battered and Bruised
The call reiayed from hospital
In Albany was reported to have
been sent by Sheriff Screws. The
ambulance attendants got the badly
battered and bruised man from he
jail. where the jailer asserted that
he had not been touched since his
arrival. and that the victim was
brought 20 the jail in the condition
IN which he was found.
Hail. rushed to an Albany hos
pital. died few minutes after he
had been admitted.
The body bore 81 sbrasions and
contusions. and deep cuts in the
wrists. lenaing observers 70 believe
that he had been tied behind an
automobile and dragged over rough
ground
The back ~ his head had been
beaten so badly. il was described as
being as soft as a ripe tomato. ="
The clothes were, torn % shreds
and the entire body was covered
with cirt. further evidence that be
had been dragged behind a speeding
car.
Motive for the attack was sup
piled by several white Baker coun-
~ residents after thsy have viewed
the youths remains Sheriff Screws
il was disclosed. had become angry
with Hall after the lynch victim
had appeared before the grand jury
decking 10 recover pistol which
bad been removed from the pocket
of his car by Sheriff Screws.
An expert mechanic Hall enjoyed
the respect OF both races Of citizens
IN Baker county He helped repair
all Of the tractors and farm imple-
ments in this section.
Al the funeral was his brother.
PIT. Howard Hall. who obtained
leave from the army hghting for
democracy 20 attend His father, .
farmer and landowner. sat grief.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1943-02-13
Unions Active.

Unions Active.
Where large numbers OF workers
are employed. labor unions are &C.
tive and Birmingham. therefore. Is
perhaps the most union-minded
town in the South.
In these fields. the ClO United
Steel Workers - OF America. and
the United Mine Workers, are
we'll entrenched, and in each un-
ion Negroes are we'll integrated II
is something OF a paradox that
these unions where the color OF a
mans skin has been minimized
flourish in a city where not only
is color an important factor, but
the white supremacy movement
has had its birth. e..
But racial democracy in the un-
ions here is . thing apart from the
absence OF democracy in every
other facet of Birmingham life.
When l went to an Office build
ing in the center Of the downtown
district to interview Hartford
Knight, district representative OF
the UMWA. was told by the Ne
elevator operator that ! would
have to use the Twenty street
entrance-the freight entrance.
Slow Progress
II burned me up. / felt like
".cussing" somebody. splitting in
someone's face. but | wanted TO
see knight. so ! had 10 al,erna-
tive. When reached his Office.
found him in conference with a
number OF whites. and as the on
ly Negro. he was playing an i'm
portant part in the discussion
which held the attention OF all the
men.
Later ! mentioned 10 him hav-
ing had 10 use the freight eleva-
tor. He shook his head and told
me they hadn't got that far yet
There was a time" he said,
when a Negro could not occupy
a desk in this building We're pro-
crossing slowly"
The btuminous coal fields here
while not neglgible-they pro-
duced 100000 tons last year
cannot begin 10 compare with the
coal fields in other parts OF the
country. But in Birmingham, coal
mining is the second largest indus
try.
Approximately $4,000 persons
are engaged in the work and OF
these so per cent are Negroes As
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-09-23
Brown Sees End
To 0PA Hostility

WASHINGTON. Sept. % .CINS1
--OPA Administrator Brown told
war bond rally OF OPA en-
pLoXeS that the agency had OYER
come latent hostility and suspi-
cion and now IS receiving public
appreciation for its effort in price
control.
Brown said that on his recent
vacation he had visited Detroit.
Boston. New York. Chicago and
Milwaukee and discovered that
the feeling and appreciation of
the public for the efforts of the
OPA are far greater than you
would think"
A highly authoritative source
said, meanwhile, that Brown had
no present intention of resigning
his post 70 take a position with
the federal reserve board.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-09-23

Stars Wear EN- Overseas
But Not in Film

HOLLYWOOD. Sept q GNS)
49, The Twentieth Century-Fox
studio is about 10 star Carole
Lands. Kay Francis. Martha
Raye and Milzi Mayfair in -Four
JlllS In a Jecp. - a story based on
their tourney 10 North Africa 10
entertain the American expe-
dictionary forces.
The CurvaCeous Miss lands
wore sweaters all the time over
there, n was explained. both 10
keep warm and 70 please the
BOYS.
But She mustn't dress that way
in the film
The cenSorS have objected.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-09-23
Another Mastodon

/ SAGINAW. Sept. % Remains
Of another maStodon have been
discovered in Saginaw County.
this time in Rockville Town
ship Only parts Of the animal
have been uncovered. according
10 Leonard Zielinger. owner Of
the farm a number of such
finds have been reported here
over A period Of years.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-09-23
Tax Decision Due Soon

SAGINAW. Sept. 23-City of-
fcialS were told today they
would receive the state tax COM
missions decision on the county'S
tax ALLEGATION appeal early next
week, Officials expect both the
city and schools 10 lose a small
share Of their millage to the
county
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-09-23
POSTWAR POLICIES

The legion, as il wound up IL,
sessions, was demanding the fol
lowing postwar policies:
Maintenance of an army
navy big enough 10 meet all
corners and protect national
security.
Broad agreements with
world powers 10 maintain peace,
bur no single alliance with any
ma ior power such as Britain.
Composition 10 an internal
tiOnal police force because such
an organization would take out
Of Americas hands direction of
its own soldiers
IA years Through pay for
soldiers and permanent jobs
for them once they are dis
charged after the war ends.
Preservation Of tho Amer
lean system Of free enterprise
and private capital.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-09-23
Weary Feet
Perk Up With
Ice-Mint Treat

When feet burn csllouses sting and every
step 10 torture. don't Just groan and do
nothing. Rub on q little Ice-Mint. Frosty
white. eresm-like its cooling soothing COM
fort helps drive the FIRE and pain right out
-. tired muscles relax in grateful relief.
A world 81 difference in few minutes. See
how Ice-Mint helps soften up corns and
eallouses too. Get foot happy today, the
lee-Mint way. Your druggist has Ice-Mint.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-09-23
PNE.lp< VOUS. 1913

- OMAHA Sept u LLA&l=TAe- aha
fouqht the ftSt acorid lcor in l917 and 1918 todoy
St,robllipcd their "Hmky DiHky Pqrlez Pous' into
World War II song. American LegionHoircs g0tbcrcd
rcrSiOH.
HirohitOs not WELL parIez vOus
His navy had sinking spell parleZ vOus.
At Midway Island he had his chance,
He lost his face when he lost his pants
fIinky dinky parlez
IIitIer's Germany'S got TO burn parlez vOus;
We licked him hut he couldn't learn, parleZ
SO we've got To take Berlin
To rub his in the mess he's in
fiinky dinLy parlez vOus.
More bad news for the Japanese, pareZ vous;
Our fleets the biggest 10 sail the parleZ
With II thousand ships Of war
We're going back to COrregidOr-
Hinky dinky parlez
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-09-23
Secret Service
Under New Boss

Secret Service offices in Mich
igan and Ohio had a new chief
today. He is William A. Carlson,
15047 Leisure.
As acting supervisor Of the dis
trict, Carlson replaced George
BooS under whom he had served
for 1S years. Boos recently re-
signed 10 enter private business.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-09-23
Aid Voted Wives Of Fighters

WASHINGTON, Sept. % (INS)
The House appropriations COM
mittee approved an Sl8,62O,O00
fund today for infant and matern-
ity care of enlisted mems wives.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-09-23
Mems Clothing

81 Mems Suits wor.ed ea,simeres WOOL woorsyon 245o
Is Leisure Coats: paids solid coors, stripes IS
Ssht charge Alterations Mems Monh-end Clothing
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-09-23
Boys Clothing, Furnishings

3l2 Sweaters; cotton wool sndrSyon, 10 to l55
325 Boys Shirts seconds pereales, l2l2 to 14z .S9e
2s6 Sweaters Jackets, cotton DOL 80
lls Wash Slseks seconds sanforzed large sizes zee
3s9 Socks assorted styles eolor,i broken Toe
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-09-23
ASKS END TO WRA

The legionnaires also gave their
unanimous endorsement 10 the
recommendation of its American
ism committee that the war relo-
cation authority be dissolved. The
committee asked that authority
over residents OF Japanese ances-
try be handed 10 the army.
7Fhc doughboyS Of 1917 and 1918
also asked Congress to curtail
abuses Of the Thanking privilege
which, il was said. has been used
for propaganda purposes by some
congressman. ~
The resolution specifically
named Congressman Hamilton
Fish Of New York as one who
used his franking right for propa-
raHaa
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-09-23
Mems Work Clothing

2o Work Pants; ssnfored covert pockets I79
295 Mems Work Shirts seconds ehsmbrsy ICE
27s Mems Work Pants cotton, French backs 24e
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-09-23
Legion Demands
Postwar Curb
On immigration

OMAHA, lNeb.. Sept. % QNS)
The American Legion began 10
speak its mind today in series Of
resolutions.
The 1900 delegates attending
the legion's silver jubilee. after
two days OF speeches by national
figures, called for legislation 10
curtail immigration after the war
until unemployment in this coun-
try falls below a million.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-09-23
Notions Department

az Military Sewing Kits; army only, complete SC
10 Drawsring Sewing Bags; with SOC
81 Rsyon Satin Pillow Tops dark colors see
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-09-23
Mems FURNISHINGS

s75 Mems Shirts; seconds, white patterned. liz
4s4 Men. Sport. Shirts. seconds. short sleeves soc
ilo3 Hsndkerehes seconds, white eolored borders &C
37S Rayon Ties, mostly bold patterns 24e
294 Mems Cloves wool with sturdy leather palm rs
Isl Cotton Poplin Jackets; button closing, 139
So Army Reject Wool Sweaters; seconds khaki 95
IS Jackets CLOTH eaher mostly small sizes 795
sss prs Hose seconds, all wool, part wool 49c
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-09-23
624 prs. Women's Dress Shoes

Pumps and ties; some sandals. Patent, 49,
smooth leather, woodland cotton gabardine. Il IA
Black, brown. blue. Sizes from TO g. As ~
Government ustons forbid loose ration
These be detached the
OF the sslesperson
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-09-23
Toilet Goods Department

534 Assorted Toietries cosmetics, &c
Plus 1919 Federal Adore
324 Tooth Brushes nylon various styles of briste sc
1873 jar. Bru.hles Shaving Cream. lib. use
64 boxes Vitsmns and Minerals; box Of so csc
23s Professional Type Hair Brushes 66e
254 Assorted Tube, Of Shaving Cream small large ca DC
2e7 Assorted Tube. of Tooth Paste; small large Zoe
9s7 Sanitary Napkins; Rosemond brand, IL to box DC
1874 Long Handle Brushes for bowl clothes Toe
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-09-23

WARREN III. ATHERTON
Mr.. Atherton of Stockton,
Cal, who was elected ma
tional commander of the
American Legion at the
annual convention in Omaha.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-09-23

Handbags, NeckWear, Accessories

267 Handbags ,oied damaged iIs, 219
Z5s Neek~ear Pieces; soiled, rsyons see, see, 79e
40 Belts; leatherS color.
ls9 handkerchief; fine lawn, prints whites 7e le lie
24S Jewery Pieces; plascs metals see, soc
JIM sdarnII ILL
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-09-23
Rugs and Floor Covering,

IL Axmin.ter Russj 9xl2 all wool. .............2
II Rag Rugs; scatter sire 24x4s inches ........,.
80 Canadian Hand Hooked Rugs, 24x4s to 27x54. e.
121 yd. All.Woo Carpet Remnants; 27-in, yd SO to
265 yd, inlsid Linoleum Remnants tilebloek 40. yd
343 yds Felt Bas. Remnant.i tlebIoek designs, a. yd
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-09-23

ADVERTISEMENT
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-09-23
Wash Dress Department

404 Summer Dresses 2pieee suits, mostly eottons
302 Dresses and Jumpers; Defense Blue" IL a.
So Rayon Negigees; misses sizes solid eolors. $50
13l Cotton Rsyon Dresses; soiled .....,..1s 80
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-09-23
343 Play Shoes Husraehes; rsyon fabrics 40
NO needed


TOO Chdrens Shoes dark eoors, So SO
ll9 Infants High Shoes; brown, black
NO ration stamp needed for Sizes ,, ga
% Tom Boy, Child Life Shoes; imperfect 2S9
These be detached in
al IL .Ic.n
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-09-23
Lamps and Pictures

43 Floor Lamp Bases; damaged. Sway lighting Junior,
1872 Lamp Shades soed Ceaness see to
10 Tsb. Lamps, damaged completes composition bases
zl2 Framed Pictures damaged odds and ends. 39e to
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-09-23
Table Cloths, Touching, Scarfs
Bedding Department
Curtain Department

GAS Odd Curtain, and Panels ,..........
s53 yd.. Cotton Msrquisette, eushion-dots, 36-ir
Remnant. OF Dr.pery and Slip-Cover Fs
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-09-23
Wonen's Cloves

4i3 prs. Leather Cloves soed. damaged assorted
602 prs Fabric Gloves. soiled broken sizes.
32i prs. Womsn's Doeskin Gloves, soiled. ........
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-09-23

Foundation Garments
Chiidren's Department

a Dressesi half seconds, soiled, cotton
81 Wash Overslsi solid, striped ..\.........,A.
II Polo Shirts seconds, cotton knit to s 49,.
50 Skrtsi nd cotton plaids. solids 70 y
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-09-23
Mems Shoe Department

rs Mems NsvyRejeet oxford Shoes; seconds, SIS
l3l Mems Leather Loaers brown 4 as
detached
&c House Slppersi mostly seconds 100
NO o. slippers
Henderson daily dispatch. (Henderson, N.C.) 1914-1995, 1943-03-29

~ -. -."-I. 1T" = - :
+.
,r-',., -. $500 ...... -.
-, 49,. -, ;, ...... ...,... 49,.
.f,r,,- .iS'o. -. -. - 90.
-! .r -.
Tail, ,....r g., -. = .''.. ....... y
s.iI r.r.f So. .....,. co.. .........i ,..,
as,.r., ..'....,,..... ........,. -
i..,..,... .................- ...... ... ........
.i..r..... ,r..... ,,.,... ...s &c..
~ f,r D,.... - rr...... -. .
l,,r. IL. r....,.- s..,... ....... ..s ,.1.