davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1943-04-18
Letters to Guffey Explain
Students Score in u. S. History
Writers Lay Blame for Poor Showing
On Government, School Boards, Teachers

Many reasons are assigned in let
ters received by Senator Guffey,
Democrat of Pennsylvania for the
poor showing assertedly made in
American history by college stu
dents throughout the Nation, as
claimed in recent newspaper
survey.
Senator Guffey is sponsor of a
Senate resolution proposing that
the Senate Committee on Educa-
ton and Labor be instructed to
study ways and means by which
the Federal Government may most
effectively promote more thorough
study of the hi.tory of the United
States
Reaeons cited in the letters. sew
eral of them from Washing ton, cover
field ranging from charges of
"dumbness' on the part of school
teachers to de e-emphasis" on Ameri-
can history in favor of European
history. The charge is made that
teachers salaries are insufficient to
MAINTAIN nlgn STANDARDS. one writer
blamed the Federal Government for
placing too much emphasis on vo-
cational education and mathematics
instead of on history.
Principal Deplores Salary.
The principal of two Long Island
elementary schools writes: My own
colar,- ofta, 81 yaorS of o,-rorio,,o,
and great deal of extra research
and study in the field of education
is a little over $4,000 yearly. The
only reason that I stay in the pro-
fession and struggle along with
family, on that salary is because
l love it."
A tophieht Government executive
stationed in Washington holds that
''the great trouble with education
Evening star., 1943-04-18
Far Eastern Union
After War Advocated
By Chinese Educator
Would Include Australia
And New zeuIond With
Asiutic Nations

A regional union of all nations in
the Far East, including Australia
and New Zealand, in addition to
the Asiatic regions, should be estab-
hshed after the war is won in order
to promote economic, social and
political cooperation, DR.. H. D.
Fong. Chinese educator. told the
Middle States Council for the Social
Studies meeting at the Hotel Stat
ler yesterday.
First of all, we all wish to estab-
hsh a world organization for peace
and commerce. DR.. Fong Observed
But propose further that the in
dependent nations of the Far East
and the peoples of the Western Pa
cif1c, such as the Filipinos, Aus
tralians and New Zealanders, form
a regional union to develop their
particular problems.
The speaker indorsed full national
freedom for many countries now
subjugated, such as Korea, French
Indo-C China. Thailand and the
Dutch and British East Indies.
A talk on Education for the
Coming Peace was delivered by
Erlirg NJ. Hunt, professor. CT his
tory at Teachers College. Colum-
bia University. He deviated from
his theme to denounce the recent
newspaper survey of college fresh
mems knowledge of American his
tory as "amateurish, highly unre-
liable, ridiculous and a disgrace. u
The survey purportedly revealed
gross ignorance among students of
basic facts of American history.
The attention to a great deal OF
unimportant factual data leaves the
test with very little relationship to
the real purpose of history instruc-
tion," he observed The schools
are not trying to help students take
prizes in quiz contests, but to take
some effective part in the civic life
of our democratic country"
Evening star., 1943-04-18
De GoulIists Doubt
Roberts Good Faith

BY the Associated Press.
LONDON, April ia De Gaullist
spokesman, commenting today on
the letter of Admiral George Robert,
French high commissioner at Marti-
nique, in which was outlined the
conditions on which he would join
the United Nations. said ANY con-
cession Robert would make to the
Allies now would be made because
the population of Martinique de-
manded it."
Il do not doubt that the people
of Martinique would like to re-enter
the war against the Axis, but under
a different leadership" the spokes-
Evening star., 1943-04-18

man continued. Robert certainly
would be a bad choice. r
Robert is thoroughly impregnated
with the Vichy spirit and it there
fore is not possible for the Fighting
French to believe in his good faith.
His letter shows plainly that he is
trying to ride two horses at the
same time, and that cannot be done.
Robert must be one thing or the
other, and We think he's pro-Vichy."
Evening star., 1943-04-18
Virginia Plane Spoilers
Will Meet in Manassas

A meeting Of area supervisors, dis
trict directors, chief observers and
assistants in the Aircraft Warning
Service of Northern Virginia will be
held at 8 pm. Wednesday at Ma
nassas, it was announced yesterday.
The meeting will be attended by
Capt. Robert N, Allan, ground OBJ
servation officer of the Philadelphia
wing; G. E. Heller, State liaison
officer, and E. G. Parrish, area su-
pervisor, who will explain new activ-
tiles of the service.
Evening star., 1943-04-18
Victory Garden
Produces Explosives

CHICAGO. - Chester Maroalus'
victory garden produced a more
explosive answer to the Axis than
he expected.
He spaded up can onlaining
eight sticks of dynamite some one
had planted several years ago and
then turned the explosives over to
the authorities.
Evening star., 1943-04-18

here, spokesman said that it was
clear from the letter that the ad-
miral wanted to join the Allied
cause not as a rebel nor as mer-
cenary but under French author
ity fully recognized as sovereign by
the Allies. The spokesman said
that the letter put "the whole
French situation in a nutshell"
Evening star., 1943-04-18
New Colombian Envoy
Is Welcomed Here
By the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
Alberto Lleras Camargo, new AM
bassador from Colombia, and his
family arrived in Washington from
Miami yesterday. He was welcomed
by representatives of the State De-
partment and Colombian Embassy.
The State Department was rep
resented by George Summerlin,
chief of protocol; Gerald Keith,
James Wright and Bainbridge Davis
of the Division of American Re-
publics.
Ambassador Lleras, publisher of
the Bogota newspaper Ell Liberal,
was accompanied by Sonora Berta
De Lleras and their three children.
Uncle Sam will keep 'em flying, if
the spirit of his citizens will keep
Imperial Valley press., 1943-10-19

days and nights in the mud and
cold, the endurance he has exhibit
ed" Eisenhower said. In both Brit
ain and the United States the
greatest proportion of our fighting
men goes into the ground forces
and I don't think any of us in
war theater belittles their service.
But does the postman in Indiana
or in some little village in England,
rsalize what these soldiers are
doing and how they are perform
ing? Does he know it as well as he
knows the stories of the big bomb
ers or of the destroyers carrying out
the gallant mission to Salerno?
Every citizen of the United
Nations has a right to know how
important to our victories are the
fighting spirit, the sense of duty
and the gallantry and fortitude of
our ground forces. The accomplish
ments of this indispensable member
OF the -ground-naval team WILL
when the story is fully told, fill
many of the brightest pages of our
war history.
This is something | have felt
for long time. 1t comes from the
heart"
Imperial Valley press., 1943-10-19

ALLIED HEADQUARTERS
SOUTHWEST PACIFIC, Oct. 19.-
CUP)-Japanese troops, supported
bv borne reinforcements, have
been hurled back in a second at
tempt to recapture their fallen New
Guinea base at Finschhafen, COM
munique reported today.
The destruction of at least 43
more enemy aircraft also was an
nounced in the continuing battle
for aerial supremacy over the
southwest Pacific, and Gen. Doug
las MacArthur's headquarters re-
vealed that Australian infantrymen
have driven northward through the
New Guinea jungles to within about
10 miles of the japanese coastal
base at Madang, 165 miles above
F'inschhafen.
The latest Japanese plane loses
made a total of more than 1,6OO
enemy aircraft destroyed since the
central Solomons and New Guinea
offensives began on June 80, in ad-
dition to 400 planes probably de-
stroyed or damaged.
LAUNCH ATTACK
A spokesman at Macarthur
headquarters said strong japanese
forces cut off on the Huon penln-
Imperial Valley press., 1943-10-19
Plane over Hawaii
Believed From Sub

PEARL HARBOR, T. H., Oct. ~
CUP)-The unidentified plane that
approached the Pearl Harbor naVal
base in the predawn darkness sun
day apparently was Launched from
a Japanese submarine for recon-
naissance purposes, naval spoKeS-
men said today.
The plane came in from the sea
shortly after midnight and was
nicked up almost Immediately by
searchlights from the naval air
station at Barger's Point, Oahu-
less than five miles from the sprawl
ing Pearl Harbor navy yard.
NAVY observers said the plane
appeared to be small float-type
monoplane. When the searchllgnt
caught it, the ship dived immed-
lately in an effort to escape the
beam, and then reversed its course
and sped out to see at a low level.
Naval headquarters believed the
quick action of the searchlight
crews had prevented the japanese
from obtaining any information.
The speed with which they de-
tected its approach demonstrated
that Pearl Harbor's defenses are
not likely to be caught mapping II
the enemy chose to return again.
This apparently was the first time
japanese aircraft approached the
Hawaiian islands since March 5,
1912 when a single bomber dumped
its bomb load harmlessly on Tan
talus Mountain, back of Honolulu.
Imperial Valley press., 1943-10-19
CALIFORNIA FARM LABOR
California Progress Review


Reports from all over California indi-
cate that the general farm labor sltua-
ton has turned out better thus TAR than
was expected.
Rut it has taken a lot of work, lot
of cooperation, on the part of civic groups
to publiciZe the need of farm labor and
to actually get the workers into the
fields.
CALIFORNIA; farm labor corps this year
was undoubtedly made up of the most
diversified groups that ever before pluck
ed an apple from the tree or tomato
from the vine High school students SOL
diers, Mexican farm laborers, business
people from nearby communities, week
end volunteers from metropolitan GEN.
ters. and even prisoners from a state pen
itentiary comprised the hundreds of
thousands of workers in addition to the
farmers themselves.
Work done by these groups was highly
praised. A group of 20 high school girls
from an AWVS camp picked $4,000 lugs
of apples, 100 tons of pears, and cut 300
tons of pears, over Saven-week period.
1t all proves what Californians-Amer-
icans-can do when they are awake to
the need. 1t proves that we can cooper
ate as we'll as compete. In fact, our free
economic system is as much based on
cooperation as on healthy competition.
Just as cooperation has been conspicuous
in the harvesting of our crops, so for
years multiple unit retail stores, through
straight-line distribution methods have
cooperated with the American housewife
in bringing food to the family table at
low cost.
AT this time we can be thankful that
Americans are cooperating in harvesting
the food we need for victory. And we can
be thankful that our crops are not being
harvested under the lash of an oppressor,
but by citizens of free nation, who are
determined to keep it free.
Imperial Valley press., 1943-10-19
Officials Prepare
For ChiId's Clinic

Public health officials and school
nurses in Imperial county Tuesday
perfected their plans for the flee
clinic for crippled children whichsis
scheduled at the health Depart
ment in the court house from 8
a. m. to p. m. next Monday
Anyone knowing of child need
ing examination or care should re-
port to the county or school nurse
in his or her district" said MISS
Linda Mitschke, state orthopedic
nurse, 80 that the arrangements
may be made. In BraWley children
should be reported to Mrs Mary
Jane Neal, school nurse, will take
reports in FL Centro Miss Ethel
Reed, school nurse. Miss Lottie
Scott Holtville school nurse, will
take the reports in Holtville. Miss
Mabel Reed, school nurse, will take
reports in Calexico. Mrs. j. Pay
son, county school nurse, will take
registrations for the Yuma district.
Miss Ruth Van Ausdeln, county
nurse, will make the appointments"
Imperial Valley press., 1943-10-19
GIVE TRUE PICTURE

Speakers could be obtained from SER
vice clubs, schools, the Imperial Irriga-
tion district and other organizations
which could best present true picture
of life here in the winter garden OF Amer
lea developed from great desert.
Many servicemen have privately mani
tested a desire to return to the valley
after the war to make their homes. A
number of them are interested in learn
ing of the East Mesa project which will
be converted into fertile land by irriga-
tion soon after the war ends. The irriga-
ton district could provide them with
all the information they need about fill
ing preference for veterans, which is on
the agenda for those of World War IL
as we'll as those of the first one if it
possibly can be arranged.
Speaking only from the practical side,
every new settler for this area means
money in circulation in Ell Centro and
the other cities later as they become the
trading centers for an increased popu
lation.
But there are many other sides to
Imperial Valley than postwar expan-
sion. History, for instance, would keep
a person spell-bound for long time
and would inspire new awe of the place,
if presented in the right manner.
Tales of DeAnza and the earliest pio-
neers could be spun no better than by
some of the Calexico residents who have
built the Desert Cavalcade" into a pag-
cant as colorful and exciting as any in
the country.
Talks need not be limited to the three
subjects mentioned but could be on any
one of numerous items which would be
of interest to visitors.
It's a grand idea, Mr.. Strickler, and
here's hoping that some enterprising and
loyal Imperial Valley residents will take
it up and develop it to its full value.
Imperial Valley press., 1943-10-19
innovation Made
At Speakers Meet

Criticism of the critics was the
innovation which Viggo Hansen,
chief critic, introduced at Mon
day nights meeting of the Cactus
Gavel Toastmasters club at the
California hotel.
Critics we're Cliff Reid, Frank
Rood, Foster Mcclure, Don Young,
Vernon Heibert, and the critics of
the critics were F. II. Mitchell,
Carl Schooss.
Malcolm Macurda won the vote
as best speaker and Gene Heiss and
Dorsey Whitelaw tied for the vote
of most improved. Other speak
ers were Bill Outlook, Bert Wood,
with Hayden Sears as toastmaster.
Capt. Mark Hebbelthwaite and Art
Davis were guests.
Next weeks meeting will cele-
brate the 18th anniversary of Toast
masters International and the old
er members of the club will be In
charge of the evening with Bill
Outlook as toastmaste~. i
Imperial Valley press., 1943-10-19
HOW ABOUT A PRESS AGENT
FOR IMPERIAL VALLEY?

From one of our readers comes an idea
which we are glad to pass on and which
we wish we had thought of in the first
place.
This is it, Conduct weekly information
classes" or lectures on Imperial Valley
for visiting servicemen.
The idea comes from Mr.. E. S. Strick-
Ter, who came here 80 years ago and has
seen the valley grow from an infant to
a sprawling child.
There are many, many soldiers, sailors
and marines who have weekend leaves
to come to Ell Centre and other cities in
the valley, Mr.. Strickler pointed out.
Wouldn't it be a good thing if educa-
tional talks on landmarks, history and
the future of Imperial Valley could be
provided for those interested?
Definitely, Mr.. Strickler.
1t is no military secret that during the
past two years hundreds of thousands of
servicemen have come to the valley for
few hours or few days After exhaust
ing the theaters, the canteens, libraries
and the other "recreational' facilities,
there isn't a great deal for the service
men to do. This lack of anything to do
and incomplete data on the valley often
lead them to form unfortunate and high
ly unfavorabe opinions of their sur
roundings.
This looks like splendid opportunity
for our chambers of commerce to per-
form service which would greatly ben
eft their employers, the taxpayers, and
at the same time be helpful in the war
effort by boosting morale.
Imperial Valley press., 1943-10-19
40 Jap Vessels
Sunk or Damaged
By American Subs

WASHINGTON, Oct. 10. CUP)-
American submarines have sunk,
probably sunk, or damaged a total
of AGO Japanese ships since the
start of tn war, Secretary oil the
Navy Frank Knox announced TO-
day in bringing our submarine score
up to date.
TO clean up the navy's backlog
of unannounced submarine sink
ings Knox released a communique
at his news conference showing 319
japanese vessels have been sent
to the bottom, SO probably sunk and
los others damaged. These ac-
counted for the following previously
unrevealed enemy losses:
98 sunk, five probably sunk, and
as damaged.
PREVIOUS TOTAL
Until today, Navy announcements
on American submarines in the Pa
cific had accounted for total of
312 Japanese ships, 221 sunk, 81
probably sunk and 60 damaged.
Knox explained that the new
losses announced today had been
withheld until their disclosure no
longer constituted information Of
value to the enemy.
He estimated that the American
submarines accounted for approx
mately rs per cent of all japanese
merchant tonnage lost since the
outbreak of war.
The far-ranging American under
sea craft tackled both combatant
and noncombatant ships. They sank
80 conlbatant vessels, probably sunk
10 and damaged 13 others. The non
combatant enemy losses included
280 sunk, 26 probably lost and 81
damaged.
Imperial Valley press., 1943-10-19
1st Captive Swap
With Nazis' Made

GOTEBORG, Sweden, Oct. 49,
UP)-The first exchange of pris-
oners of war between the Allies and
Germany was being made at this
Swedish port today as 4,340 sick
and wounded Allied soldiers, in
Guiding II Americans, prepared to
board ship for home.
An announcement by the Swed-
ish Red Cross, which took charge of
the exchange after the initial
agreement had been reached be-
tween great Britain and Germany
through the Swiss government, said
the transfer will be completed this
week
Similar exchanges are expected
to follow. "
Imperial Valley press., 1943-10-19
MussoIini Said
III in Sanatoriunl

MADRID, Oct. 10. tUP)-Benito
Mussolini is critically i'll in a sana-
torium at Pieve Di Cadore in the
Venetian Alps, reports from Vichy
said today.
The ailing ex-duce, the reports
said now delivers long pep talks"
to the sanatorium staff to the eff
feet that Fascist italy has won the
war.
Imperial Valley press., 1943-10-19

LONDON, Oct. 10 CUP)-Marshal
Jan c. Smuts, prime minister OF
South Africa, limited today that the
Allies will invade the Balkans be-
fore winter and said the United
States undoubtedly" will take a
leading and perhaps decisive part
in the final, grand assault on
Hitlers European fortress next
year. -
Smuts, confidant of Prime Minis
ter Churchill and a member OF the
Imperial Valley press., 1943-10-19
Eisenhower l.ouds
Allied infantry p

ALLIED HEADQUARTERS, AL
eiers. Oct. 10. GUP)-Geh. Dwight
D. Eisenhower, Allied commander
in-chief, paid tribute today to the
ordinary doughboy and British
Tommy, whose feats will fill many
of the brightest pages of our war
history" H
Don't forget the foot fighters
Imperial Valley press., 1943-10-19

We have kept up our production
schedules to the levels demanded by the
government and have in some cases sur
passed them. We have had no squawks
from the military services, but we have
had them from other people, who have
said to us, "Slow down, you're producing
too fast William S. Jack, Cleveland
automatic pilot and airplane starter max
err
Imperial Valley press., 1943-10-19
OLEO TAX UNDER FIRE
indianapolis News)


Representatives in Congress from dairy
states have long supported the Federal
policy of taxing margarine Eleven
states of the northwest, extending from
Wisconsin, have imposed an additional
tax on margarine. The purpose of all
these taxes is not to raise revenue, but
to discourage the manufacture of food
that completes with food which pow
erful industry wishes to sell.
Owing to the fact that when margarine
first came into use some sixty years ago
it was offered as substitute for butter
and was colored and marked to resem-
BILE butter, the tax, which the federal
government first imposed in 1886, was
regarded as justified. Latterly, the man.
ufactured of margarine from cotton
seed oil base brought some sectional
contention into the problem.
Today, however, the trend is changing
under two influences The first is the
use of soybean oil in margarine. This
brings soybean growers in the dairy
states into the argument against their
own neighbors. They believe that the
margarine tax is holding the price of
soybeans down. The second Influence is
the war demand for fat.
Whether the pressure is strong enough
to persuade Congress to repeal the tax
has not been ascertained. But certainly
it is growing. A bill to repeal It'll. B.
2400-is up for consideration A good
many congressman favor it.
Imperial Valley press., 1943-10-19
jap Counter Attack Fails
Al Lost Finchhofen Bose

elements of the attacking column,
it said, have reached OblE, bring
ing Madang almost within their
grasp.
Thirty-five Japanese planes at
tempted to raid shipping in Orc
bay, ITO miles south of Finschhafen,
and suffered a defeat almost as
disastrous as their previous attack
on that base last Friday, when AL
lied fighters shot down 46 and
probably 81 or ga raiding planes.
The raiders were unable to break
through the Allied fighter screen
to reach their objective, and lost
"a and probably 80 of their planes.
Macarthur also reported that 10
more planes now were known to
have been destroyed in the Allied
raid to Wewak, New Guinea, last
Saturday in addition to the 26
previously announced.
SINK SUB CHASER
Allied planes sank a japanese
submarine chaser, damaged a 1000
ton freighter, and bombed enemy
shore positions in attacks over New
Britain and New Ireland
japanese airdromeS and barge
traffic around Bougainville island
in the northern Solomons, also
were attacked. -
In the northwestern sector, Allied
Liberators staged 2,2OO mile
roCnd-trip raid from their Austral-
ian bases to blast the key japanese
port of Ternate, on Halmahera is
land, northwest of New Guinea
The big bombers destroyed the
center of the town and left the en-
tire target area wreathed in flames.
Ternate is an important staging
point for shipping between the
Philippines, the Dutch East Indies,
and New Guinea.
Imperial Valley press., 1943-10-19

sula west of Finschhafen launched
an attack on the base at dawn Sat-
urday.
Australian troops who captured
Finschhafen on Oct. 2 engaged the
enemy about three miles northwest
of the port and smashed two at
tacks from that direction.
Japanese reinforcements landed
before dawn Sunday at the mouth
of the Soong river, about five miles
north of Finschhafen only to meet
a hail of fire that sank two OF
their three barges and killed 81 OF
their troops Another 80 japanese
fled into the jungles to the north.
Allied warplanes bombed and
strafed enemy positions inland IN
support of their ground troops.
The japanese lost more than 4oo
dead in their last counter-attacK
against Finschhafen on Oct. 8.
NO DETAILS
MacArthur's communique gave no
details on the overland operation
against Madang, but indicated that
the Australians had broken the
outer defenses along the southern
approaches to that base. Advanced
Imperial Valley press., 1943-10-19
Editorials and Comment

EDITORS NOTE: The foilOwing edit
oriaIs are presented as interesting opin-
ions U0iced by editors elsewhere. They
do not necessarily reflect the opinion OF
this paper.
Imperial Valley press., 1943-10-19

The people (of China) are still in good
spirits. They know that they are more
numerous than any other people on the
face of the earth and from that fact
they get staying power. = John Rich,
American Friends Service Committee.
Imperial Valley press., 1943-10-19
Smuts Hints at
Balkan Offensive

British war cabinet, told a meet
ing in London's Guildhall that the
defeat of Germany would not only
hasten the fall of Japan, but may
mark the beginning of a cataclys-
mic turn of events in the Far East
and the early ending of the war
thereafter"