davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1943-10-21

Wash hearts and remove enough of center
portion to permit addition of the dressing or
stufhne Dice bacon and fry until crisp. Com
bine with bread crumbs. Season with finely
minced onion. Season cavity IN hearts. fill with
suffne, and faSten with skewers. Roll in -four
and brown quickly hot lard in heavy
kettle. Add small amount of water Cover
and cook slowly in moderate oven $3.50 F.
until the hearts are done . 20 2i2 hours
Thicken the LIQUID for gravy if desired.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-01-24

horror of repeating the theological mis-
takes of the Versailles Treaty If Amer
lean views prevail at the peace table,
there will be no forcing of democratic
institutions or self determination upon
other peoples. The department has no
blueprints for the future, and shows little
wish to impose any particular system
anywhere If a nation desires hereafter
to repudiate it's current legal govern
ment abroad, that is the nations own
affair.
The United States is pledged to the
Stimson doctrine of refusing to recog-
nize the seizure of territory by force.
It's basic, principles are that the peoples
now at war will continue to be in exist
ence. when peace comes, and that some
way or other must be found for them
to get along together domestically and
internationally. Specific problems will
be met as they arise.
Origin of ExiIed Groups.
Some idea of what the problems may
be is shown by the origin of the various
administrations in exile An interesting
sidelight is that many of them in order
to preserve the fiction of parliamentary
government, have set UP what are de-
scribed as state councils They consist
of 40 or less refugees of as many parties
as possible, and to some of these the
executives go through the form of sub
mitting reports.
King Leopold III of Belgium, pris-
oner of the Germans, is not regarded as
free agent The Belgian constitution
and law of September 7, 1889, de-
clared that in case of emergency all
governmental powers should be trans
ferred to one member of the cabinet.
This member is Hubert Pierlot, who be-
came Prime Minister in February. 1899.
With him there escaped to London six
other cabinet ministers and 10 members
Of Parliament, who have organized
themselves into an advisory Belgian
Parliamentary Office"
The Dutch constitution provides that
Continued IN papa R-2 Column AZ
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-01-24
DV JHWPy j. OTeOtg,
Associated Press Writer.

pound in the United States while selling
in Germany at about $50 pound. Thus
it was nearly prohibitive for American
toolmakers.
Aluminium output was controlled
through world division of production
on percentage basis, he said, and two
other vitality important light metals
magnesium and berryllium-were con-
trolled by less sweeping but equally eff
fective arrangements.
In the field of plastics, he described
the general pattern of division as one
whereby the American companies were
permitted to sell without competition in
this country and Canada, while Germany
took the rest of the world.
Even Pharmaceuticals.
Similar arrangements were used for
pharmaceuticalS, military glass and GER
tain chemicals.
Borkin discussed the views he has put
into forthcoming book, "Germanys
Master Plan" written In collaboration
with Charles A. Welsh, an authority on
International trade and finance with the
Office of Price Administration. The
work ainlS ~ showing the danger Of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-01-24

Here was raw meat for Charley. He
cooked it into depression-day slogans
noble experiment" and two cars in
every garage" He never let the country
forget Mr.. Hoover's assurance that pros
perity is just around the corner" or that
we needed rugged individualism" in the
breadlines and constantly asked what
has become of those two chickens in
every pot"
Mr.. MichelSon's phrase making plus
public unrest laid groundwork for the
Roosevelt landslide in 1882. 1T was no
miracle" said opportunist Charley, food
was on the table and all we had to do
was eat it."
This led to a saying that his real Job
was to make the world safe for Roose-
welt" Regardless, Charley quit tub
humping to push William Woodin's
Treasury press crew around until II
learned to transpose departmental hier-
oglyphics into laymans language He
sold" CCC, Mr.. RooSevelt's first recovery
agency, accompanied the American dele
gates to the London economic confer
ence in 1888, and went to bat for Gen
Hugh Johnson's ill-Starred NRA.
Doddered Over Chess.
Gray-haired, gray-faced, stopped, frail-
looking Charley wore rumpled tweed
suits, looked shaggy around the head
kept about the most untidy desk in
Washington, appeared to loaf intermin-
ably in the National Press Club cardroom
and played the part of an easy-going
somewhat tired and bafied old man. He
doddered over chess, checkers, dominoes
poker and bridge.
This old goat" the Republicans cried
lis behind every Democratic success and
it isn't fair!"
Now, Charley is a likable cuss. He
is friendly in quiet way, and some week
when his chess game stops he will tell
amusing stories or make wisecrackS. But
he had both Democrats and Republicans
in 1886 looking on him as a mysterious
mastermmd with some strange sixth
sense to influence people. Democrats
called him the greatest silent orator in
America" and Republicans called him
(see NICHOLSON. Page B-3J
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-01-24
GERMANY HOPES TO WIN IN BUSINESS WORLD
cortes to Be Weapons Regardless of Wars
j.


Joseph Borkin, whose business is un-
tangling international economic intrigue.
warns of the danger Of a German vic
tory In the business world whatever the
outcome of the war.
If that should happen again, as it hap
pened in the 1905, Borkin said in an
interview, the Prussian Junkers for
whom he blames German militarism
would have opportunity to overcome what
he calls the mistake made in 1939-strik-
ing too scotland, he declared, Democ-
racy could not hope to survive.
Borkin is an economic adviser in the
Justice Departments Anti trust Division
and has guided the investigation in
which the Government has indicted
some of Americas largest corporations
on charges of joining in agreements
with foreign groups to divide world mar
kets, restrict production and fix prices.
Authority on 1. G.
He probably knows more about I. G.
popular name of Unforeseen Gemein-
schaft Farbenindustrie Aktiengesell-
schaft the great German dye trust
Iildll any Ollc Ouloluc VI IL. nc oGtS L. VI.
as Germany's real war engine, a ma
chine which softens prospective VIC
Tins afield while strengthening the
home front through expanded capacity
for vital materials.
The cartel-a combination or agree
ment for limiting markets, production
and prices-haS been Germany's eco
nomic warfare method, the means by
which, Borkin said, the United Ma
tons were caught short on rubber,
aluminium, mercury, nickel, tungsten,
tin, silk and quinine.
Wherever there had been a cartel
before" Borkin said, there was mill
tary shortage after Pearl Harbor.
I'VE are struggling yet to close some
of the gaps left by our failure to recog-
nlze the economic war carried on by
Germany through cartelization."
Limiting Production.
He said that tungsten carbide produc-
ton in this country had been held
down by price arrangement under
which the German producers sold at
much lower rate. For example, at one
time the substance-nearly as hard as
diamond and virtually indispensable in
making machine tools-sold for $435 a
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-01-24
fCHARLEY THE MIKE PUTS AWAY HIS QUILL
But Borbs Of Democratic Propaganda Still Have Sting
Frank

A gray, fuzzy little man sits hour after
hour In the National Press Club playing
chess.
Charles Nicholson is hard at work
loafing.
The former publicity director for the
Democratic National Committee has put
away his quill. Some of the fun has
gone out of national politics. Demo-
Gratis and Republicans are minus a IA
vorite fighting issue called Charley"
Mr.. Nicholson voluntarily resigned
after his 73d birthday and in his 18th
wear with the committee. He said only
that he wished to loaf" He says now
he is too ''unimportant' to talk about
himself.
So. here's how friends tell his story:
John j. Raskob, financial angel of
the revived Democratic party, and Jouett
shouse. general director Of the ma
t,onal committee, got filters over
ssoo 600 party deficit. Herbert Hoover
nod inst smothered Al Smith for Presi-
dent Some said the Democrats had no
hone for at least three more admins
trations.
AR Raskob said in effect, Il have
mayer lost S cents or a fight. Let's hire
sorne bright boy to whip up a little
r,oxie for our side" Mr.. Shouse said he
fe1,red that Charley Nicholson, then
washington bureau chief for the New
york world, had more on the ball than
all the wise guys in the party.
Put Words to Work.
Charley had been newspaperman
ali his adult life and around here was
~s+ed about the shreWdest, wittiest and
Nercest of political commentators. He
had barbed reportorial style. This
n,t better when Jim Farley, the new
chairman, raised his pay to $2o'ooo a
year. but. hro,o,+
10 political propaganda fnesse and
s.ot,o, never before known Repub-
Mans spotted his style, and swore
.hat every time Democrat spoke
,,re statesman the woros. were
Charley's. ,,o,o,, 20
Tong indifferent newspapers begah 10
LIE notice of Democratic utteranceS' TO
ehide or approve. sh
Fame the 1929 stock market CRASH
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-01-24

letting Germany win In peacetime a
war lost In battle.
Germany's failure and her weak spots
In the last war were studied in prepara-
ton for new drive toward world DOM
nation which began before the Treaty
of Versailles had been signed, Borkin
asserted. Using the close alliance be-
tween state and industry, German re-
search effort concentrated on ending the
effectiveness of German research effort
concentrated on ending the effectiveness
of blockade by producing the vital ma
terials which had to be imported.
The mistake in 1899, Borkin said, was
failure to wait until this program had
been carried far enough, decision APP
parently based on prospects of lightning
victory.
Won Clausewitz's View.
Carl Won ClausewitZ, father of modern
German militarism, expressed the view
well over century ago that peace was a
continuation of war, and advised his
countrymen to disarm the enemy by di-
plOAldSS anu Vi dA1C 81 DO W llldhC nm oil
easy opponent. Won Clausewitz spoke of
the 'totality of war and state" premise
which Borkin says has been followed in
the subservience of German cartels to
the German public interest.
Briefly, this was what took place be-
tween Versailles and Pearl Harbor, Bor-
kin related:
Having failed at arms in 1914-1918
Germany studied her weaknesses and
adroitly regained the industrial holdings
taken from her in other countries. With
these footholds the world over, she began
to build up at home the chronological
devices needed to meet her shortcomings,
using these same efforts to construct and
retard similar developments elsewhere.
Use of Patent Controls.
At the heart of this program was the
use of patent controls and international
agreements. German companies, always
playing a role in the grand scheme,
traded information and promises and
threats to the end that Germany was
free to expand as much as it chose at
home and to do business abroad on a
tSee STREBIG, Page B-31
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-01-24

(See BROWN, Page B-3O
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-01-24
By Frank /. Weller,
Associated Press Writer.

and sly Old Charley joyfully hung the
whole shebang smack around Herbert
Hoover's neck. He called it the Hoover
depression" A frantic COP press used
rhetoric and profound reasoning to ex-
plain it was world depression. Most
people didn't care what it was, if some
body could get them out of It,
Mr. Michelson's battered old type
writer danced day and night The guy
never stopped. Praise palled, however,
when the Nations No. l ghost writer
went after Mr.. Hoover in sizzling press
releases and interviews no newspaper
could ignore. Republicans called it a
smear Hoover campaign and said
Charley was "one Of the most infamous
incidents in American political history"
Raw Meat for Charley.
The then COP President had said that
prohibition was "a great social and eco
nomic experiment noble in motive and
far-reaching in purpose" And said that
in his administration there were mine
automobiles for each 10 families and
that "the slogan of progress has changed
from the full dinner pail to the full
garage"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-01-24

writing, The order relieved Maj. Gen
Mcclellan of the command of all other
military departments except the De
partment of the Potomac" Gen. Nc
Clellan had personally taken to the
field at the head of the Army of the
Potomac which necessitated the change
in command carried out through Lin
coins order. Words are crossed out and
other words written in by the Civil War
President.
Precedent Is British.
Another executive order signed by Lin
coin, dated October 90. 1862 established
provisional court" in Louisiana.
Louisiana was then occupied territory
and 1T being indispensably necessary
that there shall be some judicial tri-
bunal existing there" in the language
OF the order, Lincoln established a Judge,
a prosecuting attorney, and a marshal,
specifying the salary to be paid to each
one. This order is written in the copper
plate handwriting Of clerk and is signed
by Lincoln and countersigned by William
H. Seward, as Secretary of State.
Stewards name appears on an execu-
tive order dated April 3, 1866, directing
that public Offices" be closed on the
following day, the anniversary of Lin
coins assassination. The Secretary of
State said in the handwritten order
that he had been directed by the
President" to announce the commem-
Grafton of the tragic date
The historical precedents for this USE
full administrative device go back fur
ther, of course, than our Civil War. The
legitimate ancestor of the executive
order is the British order in council
which is the modern equivalent of the
proclamation so frequently used by the
Tudor and Stuart sovereigns. Since
they were first issued early in the 18th
century, the legality Of orders in council
have on several occasions been chal-
lenged. AS result Parliament has
passed acts of indemnity to protect the
persons responsible for issuing them
and to assert its own authority.
Must Not Alter Law.
Today it Is generally recognized that
orders in council may be issued but it is
also recognized that they must not seri-
ously alter the law of the land. British
experience resembled ours in that in
periods of emergency a great many
orders in council are issued During the
World War cabinet ministers resorted
again and again to this means of reg
ulating the wartime life of the British
people.
Whether there has been constant
yearly increase in the number of orders
coming out of the White House during
Mr.. Roosevelts decade as Chief Execu-
tive, it is impossible to say. Only for the
past two years have the totals been
compiled. 1t was not until 1886 that,
by executive order the Federal Register
Of the National Archives was created to
publish all such orders. Up until that
time they had been documents in file
unless some particular department
affected by the order elected to circu-
late them. Since 1886 each order has
been published in the Register.
The men who write the executive
orders are for the most part earnest
young students of Government in the
Bureau of the Budget. The initiative
comes from the White House in most
instances, certainly on all important
(See CHILDS, Page B-3)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-01-24

(See CHILDS, Page B-3.)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-01-24

tSee sTREBIG, Page B-31
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-01-24

Continued on Page B-3, Column A.
Evening star., 1943-08-01
Martha Diven
And 1t. Johnston
Wed in Arlington

The marriage of Miss Martha Mac
Elwain Diven to 1t. Thomas Henry
Johnston, jr., U. S. A., took place
last evening at 730 o'clock in the
Arlington Presbyterian Church. The
church was decorated with palms
and mixed bouquets and the Rev.
Isaac Steenson was the officiating
clergyman. Miss Anne Grubbs sang
two selectionsI
The bride is the daughter of Mr.
and Mrs. Charles A. Diven of Airing
ton and 1t. Johnston is the son of
Mr.. and Mrs. Johnston, also of
Arlington.
Mr.. Diven gave his daughter in
marriage. The brides gown was
styled with lace bodice and
chiffon skirt which ended in train.
Her veil was of fingertip length and
she carried bouquet of white roses.
Miss Mary June Diven was her
sisters maid of honor and the
bridesmaids were Miss Louise Diven,
another sister of the bride, and Miss
Katherine Hershey. The maid of
honor wore gown of pale blue taf-
feta, while the bridesmaids were
gowned in gray taffeta. All carried
bouquets of mixed summer flowers.
1t. Johnston had his uncle, Mr..
Boardman Munson, as his best man,
and the ushers were Mr.. Aaron
Layne and Mr.. Max Holley.
Following the ceremony a recep-
ton was held at the home of the
brides parents. Mrs. Diven, mother
OF the bride, was gowned in blue
crepe.
When 1t. and Mrs. Johnston left
for their wedding trip the bride was
wearing dark green linen suit with
white accessories. Upon their re-
turn the couple will reside in Arling-
ton.
Mrs. Johnston attended Wooster
College and George Washington
University. She is a member of Chi
Omega and Phi Delta Epsilon
Fraternities. The bridegroom was
graduated from George Washington
University in 1910 and is a member
OF Phi Sigma Kappa. Theta Tau and
Sigma Tau Fraternities.
Evening star., 1943-08-01
Diplomats
Continued From Page D-l.).

iSOlilllluCu i Ol1i TdSc b-l.b.
Springs after being in Washing
ton last week, Sonora de Espil
joined the Ambassador here
Tuesday and he accompanied her
back to the mountains Friday.
The Panama Ambassador,
Senor Dom Enrique A. Jimenez,
will retur n tomorrow or Tuesday
from Miami, where he accompa-
MED Sonora de Jimenez the lat
ter part of last week. Sonora de
Jimenez left Miami Friday for
the Isthmus where she will spend
several weeks with her daughters
and their families.
Baroness van Boetzelaer, wife
Of the Netherlands Minister, is
spending the summer at Darien,
Conn. and has with her her
daughter, Mile. Susan van Boet-
Zelaer. The elder daughter. Mile.
Margaret van Boetzelaer. is at
tending the summer school at
Swarthmore College.
The First Secretary of the
Portuguese Legation and Nine.
Garin returned yesterday from
West Yarmouth, Mass, where
they have been for several weeks.
Evening star., 1943-08-01
Nancy Opberman
Engaged to Wed

Mrs. H. A. Barrows of College
Heights announces the engagement
of her granddaughter, Miss Nancy
Rideout Opperman of Washington.
to Mr.. Frank c. Carter, jr., son of
Mr.. and Mrs Carter Of Harrisburg,
Pa.
Miss Opperman is the daughter of
the late Mrs. Charles Louis Opper-
man and is a graduate Of Wilson
Teachers College. For the past six
years she has been teaching in the
District schools.
Mr.. Carter is attending Hartford
Seminary Foundation in Hartford,
Conn, where he is specializing in
youth religious education.
The wedding will take place early
in the winter.
Evening star., 1943-08-01

their daughters, Mrs. Samuel S.
kaufman and Mrs Horace I. Pack
Mrs. Evelyn Lane of New York is
visiting her brother and sister in
law, Mr., and Mrs. Michael Cohen,
for two weeks.
Mr. and Mrs. Albert Small left
Friday for Schroon Lake in the Ad-
irondacks. Their daughter is at
camp In Maine for the summer.
Mr.. and Mrs. Samuel Gusky are in
Atlantic City for short vacation.
DR.. and Mrs. Herman Eisenberg
and their daughter Annette are va
cationing at Polk's Cottage at Vent
nor, N. J. DR.. Eisenberg will remain
with his family for week, and Mrs.
Eisenberg and their daughter will be
there for the month of August.
Mrs. Joseph Salomon is vacation
ing at Tamiment, Pa.
Mrs. Samuel Revness of Elkhart,
Ind, spent a few days here with
her parents, Mr.. and Mrs. Morris
Gusdorf, during the past week.
Mrs. Helen Brylawski is spending
Wiz "NSh Clld Will ll6T SO0 ana
daughter-in-law, Mr.. and Mrs. Ju-
liam Brylawski, at their summer
home at California, Md, on the Pa
tuXent.
Mrs. Charles Picard, who spent
two weeks at the country home of
her son-in-law and daughter. DR..
and Mrs. Aubrey Fischer, near War
renton, has returned to her home.
Mr.. and Mrs. Ralph Goldsmith
and their daughter, Miss PATSY
Goldsmith, will return today from
two weeks spent at Lake Champlain,
N. Y.
Mrs. Sidney H. Reizenstein Joined
Mr.. ReizenStein here for part of the
week and returned Friday to At
lantic City, where she Is spending
the summer. Her mother, Mrs. Rose
Gutman. is with her.
Mr.. and Mrs. George Marks and
Mr.. and Mrs. Cecil Kaufman left
Friday for Wabanaki Camp in
Northern Maine. Their children are
at camp for two months.
Evening star., 1943-08-01
Of Personal Note in Capital

Mr.. and Mrs. Samuel Rudolph of
1915 Morrison street will be at home
Sunday evening, August 8, from 5
to 8 O'Clock in celebration of Mrs.
Matilda Levy's 18th birthday ami
versary. Mrs. Levy is the mother
of Mrs. Rudolph. They will have
with them Mrs Levy's son and
daughter-inlaw, Mr.. and Mrs STAN
ley Levy of Richpond, and her
brother-in-law and sister, Mr.. and
Mrs. Fred Berman Of South Boston,
Va.
Miss Jean Goodman was the guest
Of honor at a miscellaneous shower
given Tuesday evening by Miss Jane
Simon and Miss Jean Pretzfelder at
the home Of Miss Simon in Chevy
Chase. A buffet supper was served
after. the shower. Miss Goodman
will be married today to Mr.. Leon
Schlossberg of Baltimore.
Mr.. and Mrs. Sidney Lust have
been spending several days in At
lantic City in celebration of their
Both wedding anniversary.
Mi .. 6oulS HAL 10 ID III AIIldIlllO,
Tex, where she joined her husband,
Maj. Harris. who is stationed there.
Their daughter, Miss Ruth Ann Har-
ris, is visiting her brother and sister,
in-law, Pvt. and Mrs. Jerry Harris,
in Maine.
Mrs. Fred Rausch of Grand Island,
Nebr., is visiting her parents, Mr..
and Mrs. Arthur Marks, at Ward
man Park Hotel Mrs. Marks re-
turned during the week from visit
with her son and daughter law,
Mr.. and Mrs. Arthur Marks, jr, at
Woodmere, Long Island.
Capt. and Mrs. Henry j. Kaufman
are vacationing at Hot Springs, Va.
Mr.. and Mrs. Fulton Brylawski left
Wednesday for Cambridge, Mass, to
visit their son, Pvt Fulton BrylaW-
ski, jr., and from there they will go
to, ,Swampscott, Mass for a stay of
several weeks.
Mr.. and Mrs. Melvin Gusdorf and
Mrs. Lewis I. Sander left Wednes-
day for North Belgrade, Me, where
they will spend two weeks visiting
their sons, Melvin, jr, and Robert,
who are at Camp Belgrade for the
summer.
Mr.. and Mrs. Irving Randolph
Saal of New Orleans are visiting
Evening star., 1943-08-01
Georgia Green,
Mr.. West Wed

Announcement is made of the
marriage of Miss Georgia Forrest
Green, formerly of Georgetown, to
Mr.. Vernon Eskridge West of Chevy
Chase. The wedding took place
Wednesday at noon in the Cathe-
dral at Baltimore with the Rev.
Msgr. Manns officiating. Both Mr.
and Mrs. West are native Washing
tonians and are descendants of old
families of this city.
Mr.. and Mrs. West will be at
home at % Hesketh street in Chevy
Chase after August Is.
Evening star., 1943-08-01
Mrs. K. Emmers0n
Returning to Cuba

Mrs. Kenneth Emmerson, who has
been with her parents, Mr.. and Mrs.
Ernest U. Ayars, at their home in
Takoma Park for several weeks, Is
returning tomorrow to her home in
Camaguey, Cuba.
She will 60 to Miami and fly to
Camaguey, where her husband is
secretary treasurer Of the East Cuba
Conference of Seventh-day Ad-
ventists.
She will be accompanied by her
small daughter, Anita, and her baby
son, Robert James Emmerson.
Evening star., 1943-08-01
Frances A. Mills
Married in South

Announcement is made of the
marriage Of Miss Frances Ann Mills
to Mr.. Orville Christopher Abrams,
jr. The wedding took place July %
in Charleston, S. c.. and after a
brief trip the couple has returned to
Washington and will reside here.
Mrs. Abrams is the daughter of
Mr.. and Mrs. Francis E Mills OF this
city. and MI. Abrams is the son of
the late Mr.. and Mrs. O. c. Abrams
of Monticello. Ga.