davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1943-08-09

billion dollars of good American money
has beenpoured into the islands always
depleted treasury in order to keep the
people of the island from starvation and
death.
There's only one way by which to
solve the Puerto Rican problem. And
incidentally, save Uncle Sam the great
headache-namely, to give the Puerto
Ricans their immediate independence.
The Puerto Ricans, OF course, are di-
vided on this question of freedom. But
the majority of them desire the freedom
Of the island from what some Latins in
the past have branded Yankee i'm
periaHsm."
We can say that the only motive which
has animated the United States In con-
tinuing holding the island is altruism
IN every true sense Of that word. But
altruism also has impelled the United
States to plunge the American people
again into the Second World War, and
that altruism Is found in the expression
Of the creation of New World democracy
In which all nations, great or small, rich
or poor, should enjoy freedom and inde-
pendence. the right to live as they de-
sire to live without any interference by
any other nation or people.
So I plead for the independence of
Puerto Rico at a time when the ma
jority Of the Puerto Ricans are clamor-
ing for that blessing. Puerto Rican in
dependence would be the first tangible
expression Of the Atlantic Charter.
TEDDY DE NOLASCO.
Evening star., 1943-08-09

little gain to himself yet with vast
advantage to mankind at large in
that he brought the west and the
east together to their mutual profit.
A contrary intent was Hitler's
when he sought to dominate Europe
without actually fighting a first-class
war. Concerning the prevailing
strife let it never be forgotten that
its alternative was slavery, poverty
and degradation for millions of peo-
pie not only in the present, but far
into the future.
Evening star., 1943-08-09
Puyinq the Price

A most striking illustration of the
pressing need for National Service
Act is to be found in the employment
statistics for the Boeing Aircraft
Company's Seattle plant, birthplace
of the Flying Fortress bomber.
This is the plane which, prior to
the arrival of the B-24 Liberator,
was the only long range offensive
weapon at the disposal Of the Army
Air Force. In the early stages of the
war a few more Flying Fortresses
available for service at key points
would have been worth their weight
in gold to our hard pressed ground
and naval forces. But the big bomb
ers were not to be had, and as
result the Japanese plunged forward
in their conquest of the Southwest
Pacific and. the heavy daylight
bombings of Europe which now are
beginning to exact their toll had to
be delayed through long and critical
months.
Why were the Fortresses so slow
In reaching the combat fronts? That
is a question which has often been
asked, and there may be number
of reasons for the delay, but one
of the causes is now established be-
yond s:ay possibility of dispute. The
Boeing plant at Seattle, at any given
time, employs around 10000 work.
ers. Since Pearl Harbor, however,
some 250,000 employees have passed
through its gates. This means that
the labor turnover in this vital war
plant has averaged around 1888 per
cent. OF a total Of 250,0O0 employees,
some 22O 900 workers have come into
the plant, have been more or less
trained, and after few days, weeks
or months, have left to join the
armed services, to take higher-pay-
ing jobs, or for some other reason.
This condition is not limited to the
Boeing plant, and it explains why
our plane production has been below
par in the past and why 1t is failing
to meet expectations now. II we had
enacted a National Service Act,
predicated on the assumption that
all citizens must serve in the Ca
pacity most helpful to the conduct
OF the war, the time wasted in train
ing and replacing these vanished
workers would have gone into the
production of planes, and we would
have had more bombers last year
and more bombers today. That we
Lack such law is a concession to
loose talk about involuntary servi-
tude" and to the fear that the people
would not accept it. But we have
paid, and will continue to pay, a
heavy price for our reluctance to
take this obviously necessary step.
Evening star., 1943-08-09
THIS AND THAT
By Charles Z. Truce,peu,

speculation that perhaps she wanted the
OLD nesting material taken out for her,
SO that she could start all over again.
Fortunately, the decision was reached
to permit her to go about it In her own
way
At one time, finger was poked into
the house, to be met with something
soft. but it was believed to be simply f,ne
grasses in the nest
1T" was. Of course, the soft body Of
newly Matched wren baby.
few days later, she was seen to enter
the nest with q small worm In her
mouth.
This was the "tipon."
Jenny had her family, after all.
She was not more than four feet from
a human observer and seemed at first
10 doubt whether she should 60 in.
The yellow throat Of the baby could
be seen plainly, as 1t gaped for food.
The male, had he been around would
not have sung as much as in the old
days, but 1t was believed that he would
have sung some.
Jenny remains very quiet in her work
She buzzes, now and then. but not often.
Male wrens not only desert their fami-
lies, but sometimes come back to mur-
der them
This might seem unbelievable, but 1t
has been observed by scientific watchers.
One such instance was of a wren which
deserted his mate, and took up with an
other.
So, soon he had two sets of babies to
try and feed.
This was more than he could accom-
plish, so what did he do?
He went back to the first nest, while
his first mate was scurrying around for
food, and one by one threw all the babies
out on the ground.
This, Of course, resulted in their death,
because there is no way for them to be
gotten back into the nest in nature
No species is able to put its fallen
young back into the nest. And only a
few species, notably the blue jay. feed
their young out Of the nest.
Jenny manages to keep all the song
sparrows away.
They had liked to fly up into the bush
with no harm intended, one felt sure,
but evidently Jenny was not 50 conf
dent
She flies right at them every time.
1t would seem as If this Jenny Wren
, has outwitted the whole world, both her
human friends and those birds which
took too much interest in her doings.
If the "post-Pearl Harbor" father is
around, he Is not saying much.
Jenny Is running things now.
Evening star., 1943-08-09

trail ports" is governed by the same
code. On many occasions the whole
subject has been debated with
warmth. For instance. there was the
case of Marshal Serrano in 1878
c. H. Stockton, in outlines of Inter
national Law" tells how he was
hunted by mob" and fled from
house to house" until at last he
repaired to the abode of the British
Minister, Mr.. Layard, who subSe-
quently disguised him and accom-
panied him by rail to Santander,
where he embarked for Saint Jean
de Luz"
Another example is discussed by
Louis Martin Sears in the Dictionary
OF American History. as follows
During the Hungarian Revolution of
1848-1649. President Taylor sent an agent
to report its prospects of success, with a
view to recognition. This unneutral
action, together with Americas enthu-
siastic welcome in 1851 of Kossuth, the
defeated hero, and her support in 1858
for the patriot Koszta against his former
government, all inflamed the Austrian
charge d'affaires, Hulsemann, to a series
Of intemperate protests which were an
swered, first by Webster, later by Marcy,
in the best spread-eagle manner"
The Spokesmen for the United
States in this matter had tradition
to support them. 1t is legend uni
versally known that the politically
oppressed of the world" have found
haven on the west side of the Allan
tic since 1862 when the first expedi-
tion of HuguenotS reached Florida"
The same practice from time to time
has been the choice of several Euro
pean countries. In the autumn OF
1888 King James II, obnoxious to
even the most patient of the vic
tins OF his misrule, was invited over
the Channel by King Louis XIV of
France. The Prince of Orange hav-
ing landed at Tor Bay November 5,
James finally decided to leave Lon
don. All concerned with the prob
lem of getting rid OF him were de-
lighted to see him 60. But a we'll
intentioned patriot who was not "in"
the secret seized the frightened
monarch at Faversham and dragged
him back to his deserted court, so
that the tedious business of ousting
him had to be repeated.
President Roosevelt, Of course, Is
abundantly justified in hoping that
no neutral nation will allow its ter
ritory Ito be used as a place of ref
uge" by the Axis dictators. If the
neutrals are embarrassed by the ap-
proach OF unwanted visitors, they
might suggest to them that they
have recourse-as Nero did-to "a
bare bodkin."
Evening star., 1943-08-09
Plebiscite Of World
Urged as War Objective.

To the Editor Of The Star.
Why are we fighting and what are we
fighting for are two distinct and sepa-
rate questions.
We. the U. S. A., are fighting because
we were attacked; attacked in the most
sneaking way by supposedly friendly
nation and while negotiations looking to
adjustment of differences still were in
progress,
But, specifically. why are We (the
United Nations) now engaged In a war
on every continent and the seven seas?
One answer might be that we are
definitely in it and can't stop. That
would be a practical disposal OF the
matter, but it seems to leave something
Of moral vacuum.
Yes, we know that we are fighting
against dictatorship for the four free
doms and the "maintenance of our way
Of life but, eschewing ideology, do we
really hope to reform the world-po-
litically-and If 50, how? Will we try to
democratize 1t, impose our own particular
form of government upon all other peo-
pies whether they want 1t or not?
The founders of this Nation had no
such thought when they said-in the
greatest document OF human freedom:
Governments are instituted among
men ''' deriving their Just powers from
the consent of the governed"
Perhaps Norway would choose to re-
enthrone her venerable and venerated
King: Holland, her beloved Queen Rus
sia, while having a somewhat different
view Of government than ours, seems
well satisfied with it.
How about universal plebiscite OF
all nations as an Allied aim Of this war2
Possibly an Allied-supervised canvass
would enable us to determine what fac
ton properly is representative Of the
Italian people. WILBUR n. CLOSE.
Evening star., 1943-08-09

1t was case Of desertion, evidently.
The father wren simply left for parts
unknown when the eggs were laid
The mother took over and went ahead
as usual, but so quietly that every one
thought the nest completely deserted.
Nothing of the sort
Jenny Wren went right ahead, with
out making any fuss about it.
The fact that the entire bottom Of
the Wrenhouse, nest, eggs and all. had
been removed for inspection made no
difference to her.
Fortunately, the nest and four pinkish
eggs had been put back.
The entire affair had been promised to
one interested in such matters-but the
sight OF the wren babies, two weeks later,
settled all that
1t was plain that the female wren had
been sitting on the eggs all the time.
The lack Of the bubbling song of the
male made the place seem entirely de-
serted.
1t takes from IL to IA days for the
eggs to hatch.
Male wrens are notorious for their
lack Of faithfulness.
They often desert their mate for a new
one, sometimes taking two or three
mates year.
Then again, male house wren will
be extremely faithful for one summer,
but the next will take a new mate.
If he sticks around while she sits on
the eggs, he is very likely to assist in
the feeding of the young.
Often he will bring the female food.
1t may be realized that it Is no small
matter for the male to desert her after
the young are Matched
This means that the female has to
find all the food for herself as well as
from four to six youngsters.
Jenny carried on very quietly.
All the time she was sitting on the
eggs she made no noise at all.
In fact, she was so very quiet about it
that observers thought there were no
wrens around at all.
The entire nest as stated. had been
offered as trophy to bird lover
But she was hard at work, so very
quietly that she attracted no attention
for a time.
The other birds had given up watching
the nest.
The female wren does not sing, prop
erly speaking, but only makes a harsh,
rasping buzz.
1t was not until the eggs were Matched
that she made any noise at all.
This temperance Of at least one wren
at the nest-she had been there all the
time, but no one knew tiled to the
Evening star., 1943-08-09
Boy Dreaming

The air is silk chiffon and time
stands still
While he dreams in the grass. Tall
btrches spill
Shadows as traN as spider -Doues
lace
Upon the whispering silence OF the
place.
His thoughts ride In q cloud-white
Across the sky; they ,palk a grass
blade span
Where beetles glide. He sees the
bright surprise
Illuminating from a crtckets eyes.
Surely young heart needs to hold
this hour
Closely, yet hold 1t gently as
There ,oiH be need against the years
that pass
OF things youth learns phtIe dream
ing In the grass.
ROSE MYRA PHILLIPS.
Evening star., 1943-08-09
Right Of Asylum

When President Roosevelt on July
30 warned neutral nations against
giving asylum to Axis leaders who
may seek shelter within their boun-
daries he asked them, In effect, to
surrender right which independent
states generally have desired to keep.
The Encyclopedia Britannica ex-
plains: In ancient Greece an asylum
was an inviolable' refuge for persons
in search of protection. All Greek
temples and altars were inviolable-
that Is, it was a religious crime to
remove by force any person or thing
once under the protection of deity.
Under Roman dominion the
rights Of existing Greek sanctuaries
were at first confirmed, but their
number was considerably reduced by
Tiberius. Under the empire the
statues of the emperors and the
eagles of the legions were made
refugees against acts of violence. :
With the establishment of Christi
anity the custom Of asylum or sane
tuary became attached to the church
or churchyard."
However, "the right of asylum =
does not mean the right of fugitive
to demand protection. but the right
of state to grant It," The "princi-
pile of sovereignty" Is involved.
Most nations reserve, or claim, a
right Of asylum for their own ma
tionals. Portugal goes so far as to
grant asylum for fugitive who
might, If delivered up, be put to
DEATH The right Of neutral powers
to grant asylum to "belligerent land
forces" is provided in The Hague
Convention Of 1907, and "the pres
ence Of belligerent warships In neu-
Evening star., 1943-08-09
Thouqhts About War

The universal hope of the popula-
tions of the United Nations is that
this may be the last war. Such an
aspiration finds expression wherever
men of sympathetic instinct gather.
1t represents natural impulse.
But 1t does not follow that the law
of cause and effect which is the mo-
tive Of most contests between human
societies is an abnormal develop
ment. Competition is not necessarily
evil. Without rivalry there would be
little progress.
Exactly how or when or under
what conditions the first struggle
deserving Of consideration in this
connection began no one can tell
with convincing authority. Professor
wilkinson offers the theory that
when a primitive people in prehis-
toric times found region where
they could subsist without wander
Ing about, they sought safety by
establishing themselves in cave or
lake-dwelling or some high place
surrounded by ring fence. Even
tually the home becomes a walled
town with a ruler and a body of
armed men. This is the beginning
of the state (Whose) purpose
is first to provide that security which
enables men to work for their living
and not to have to fight for it in
cessantly.
Thus the paradox of gaining peace
and freedom by the exercise of vio-
lence in regirnented form is disclosed
The first warlike king, Osymandyas
OF Egypt, who passed into Asia and
conquered Bactria about 2100 BIC,
may have been very wicked char
acter, but the culture he imposed was
not inferior to that OF his enemies
because he enforced 1t with his
sword. Troy possibly did not merit
destruction, but students of the
classic siege commonly have been
satisfied that the Greeks deserved
the victory. SO, too, the successful
Hellenic resistance to the Persians
generally has been something to be
glad about. Alexander the Great
certainly gathered a power and a
very strong army and subdued
countries and princes" with
Evening star., 1943-08-09
Independence for Puerto Rico
Asked as Part Of World Movement.

To the Editor Of The Star:
One Of the headaches afflicting the
American brain today is the Puerto
Rican problem. Puerto Rico termed by
Senator Tydings the American STEP
child" has been giving Uncle Sam a
headache ever since the island came
under the benign influence of American
civilization.
say that Puerto Rico is more than an
American stepchild. 1t is problem
colony in the history of colonization.
Here is an island that came into the
possession OF a mother country from
which the mother country hasn't de-
rived any single benefit, either financial
ly or politically. Financially, Puerto
Ricos one-crop economy has obliged the
United States Government to spend mil
lions of dollars for relief to starving
Puerto Ricans. Since the New Deal
came into power nearly one-third Of q
Evening star., 1943-08-09
Weather Map
Wanted.

Wanted.
To the Editor Of The Star:
hasten to compliment you on the
greatly improved weather report as given
on page Of The Star for August 3.
long had been intending to presume on
the privileges Of an old subscriber Il
have taken The Star for more than so
years. and call your attention to the
very unsatisfactory report as it has been
appearing there for a number Of years
past, with no maximum given for the "a
hours ended at noon, and the maximum
given for the day usually being untrue
by the time 1t Is in the hands of your
readers.
Probably 1t would be asking too much
these days, but to some of your old-time
readers I'm sure it would be a great
boon If you also would print miniature
weather map, as you used to do a good
many years ago. From that we could
draw our own conclusions, and let the
'weatherman" say what he pleases.
C. E. STODDARD.
Evening star., 1943-08-09
Excellent Advice

Senator Carter Glass of Virginia
has served his country long and well
in war and in peace, in prosperity
and in depression. And it is pre-
cisely because Of this long service
and experience in national affairs
that his suggestions for a proper
approach to our political issues are
entitled to more than passing con-
sideration.
With a national election In the
off1ng and with various of the presi-
Dental aspirants already engaged in
preliminary maneuvering for the
nominations Of the two major par
ties, it Is not to be expected that
politics in the better sense Of the
term can be adjourned. Nor is the
recommendation from Senator Glass,
when interpreted in any realistic
sense, directed to such an improb-
ability.
What Senator Glass Is asking for
and what the people OF the country
have right to expect, is an adjourn
ment of what the Virginia legislator
calls petty partisan politics" II
ever there was a time in our ma
tional history when the welfare of
the country called for restraint and
a proper perspective on the part of
the political opponents of the ad-
ministration, 1t is now. There is am
pie basis for differences OF opinion
and criticism of the present admin
istration's conduct of the war, espe-
cially on the home front, and as we
draw closer to election day it is both
permissible and desirable to have a
full and frank discussion of these
claims and counterclaims. But it
does not follow that this should lead
to what Senator Glass describes as
"disparagement" of the President
that form Of reckless personal criti-
cism which sheds little light on the
facts Of our domestic issues and
which may do great deal to impair
our position on the international
stage. There is, unfortunately, a
deep and hurtful division among the
American people concerning the con-
duct OF the war on the home front,
and the administration Is not free
of blame in this respect. But as the
political campaign gets under way
those who are hoping for a change
OF administration owe 1t to them
selves and to their country to refrain
from exaggerating and inventing
issues, and to curb the tendency to
impute sinister motives to the Presi-
dent and his associates when the evi-
dence to support such claims is
lacking.
In passing, it might be noted that
Senator Glass appears to have di-
rected his suggestions only to the
Presidents political opponents. But
II next years campaign is to be kept
on high level, it will also be neces-
sary for the Presidents supporters
to abstain from petty partisan poll
tics. When the Vice President, for
instance goes about the country
asking for political fight and be-
laboring a lot OF straw men, it Is
hardly to be supposed the opposition
will be content to stick to factual
debate pitched on high plane. But
II the extreme partisans on both
sides will take to heart the excellent
advice which Senator Glass has
given, there is reason to hope that
the tenor OF the 1914 campaign will
be in keeping with the demands of
this critical period.
Evening star., 1943-08-09
Unsung Heroes
From the London Sunday Chronicle

Field Marshal Lord Milne has made
a compelling appeal in the House of
Lords for greater publicity for the army.
He told of battery in North Africa of
whom only per cent survived, still hold
ing their position, "a feat of arms which
In another campaign won four v. Cs
on the spot" Why was this tale Of hero
isno not made public7
Evening star., 1943-08-09

@. How long has the Fish and Wildlife
Service been in existence?-A. F. O., =,
A. The Fish and Wildlife Service Is a
combination of the old Bureau of Fish.
cries, established in 1871, and the Bureau
OF Biological Survey, established In 1885.
1t was created by the third reorganiza-
ton order as of June 80, 1910.
Q. In what poem will find the words
ITO the glory that was Greece and the
grandeur that was Rome"?-E. H.
A. This Is a quotation from Edgar
Allan Poe's ITO Helen"
@. How much did the attendance at
college football games decline In 1922
N. A.
A. For the country as a whole there
was a 19 per cent decline in attendance
at college football games in 1912.
@. Is the plane known as the Invader
new plane?-B. P.
A. The fighter-bomber ABS, adapted
from the Mustang Psi was first used in
the invasion Of Pantelleria.
ea- O. Did DR.. Mary Walker ever actu-
ally serve as physician in the United
States Army?-C. M. H.
A.. DR. Walker entered the Army as
a nurse and served three years In that
capacity. On October S, 1854, she was
commissioned first lieutenant as an as
sistant surgeon and held that rank until
her retirement in June, 1865.
@, What is the source Of our helium
supply?-T. H. B.
A. The Bureau Of Mines produces at
its plant near Amarillo, Tex, virtually
all Of the worlds output Of this rare gas.
@. What is the area of Sicilya-R "A.
A. Sicily has an area of about $3.50
square miles, which is only about 800
square miles larger than the State Of
Vermont.
@. What were the religious afilia-
tions Of our Presidents7-F. w. C.
A. There has been only one President
who did not attend some church. There
were 8 Episcopalians, Unitarians,
Presbyterians, Dutch Reformed,
Methodists, l Disciples Church, Quak-
er, Congregationalist, / Baptist.
@. How much has the per capita cir
culation increased since March, ls17?
It. A.
A. On March 81, 1917, the per capita
circulation was s4o.23. On May 81, 1s43,
the per capita circulation had increased
more than three times and amounted to
$12e24
Q. Does whisky age In the bottle7
&C. N. G.
A. II whisky ages in the bottle chem
ical and physical tests up to the present
time have failed to show it.
@. What are some Of the most ex-
pensive animals purchased for geological
parks?-W. r. c.
A. Among the animals bringing the
highest prices are the Indian rhinoceros,
which may cost as much as $4,000;
gorillas, which cost from $500 to &c.
900; a lo-foot giraffe may be worth
5000 and an Indian elephant s2,5oo..
@. How long have United States Sen
ators been elected by popular vote?-
U. CT.
A. Direct election by the people was
provided for by the 18th amendment to
the Constitution. 1t was effective as to
Senators elected after May 81, 1918.