davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1943-08-16
Last CHAPTER

When a war begins to end, the
signs of it's conclusion appear in a
sequence which should be discernible
to skilled observers. A brief review
of the events eliminating in the
armistice at Compiegne in November,
1918, therefore may be OF interest
now. The earliest of those incidents
was President Woodrow Wilson'S an
nouncement Of his fourteen points"
in an address to Congress on Janu-
ary 8. Then followed his Force to
the Utmost" speech in which he con-
demned the treaties made by Ger
many with Russia and Rumania,
April 6. Meanwhile, American troops
were being landed in France In num-
bers approximating 100000 by
July /.
Mr.. Wilson next on independence
Day issued a statement at Mount
Vernon to the effect that the enemy
could expect no compromise. He
repeated the same thought in the
proclamation: 1--WE solemnly pro-
pose decisive victory Of arms" Au-
gust 81. To implement that determi-
nation, the United States was spend
ing more than a million dollars an
hour. Supplies were moving to the
battle zone in Europe at constantly
increasing pace. When twenty-six
American divisions had arrived over
Evening star., 1943-08-16

from that of year ago. Then we were
struggling to stay on our feet, and to halt
work for even Is minutes might have
cost us valuable materiel and perhaps
the lives of many men. Multiply is min
utes by the labor force of Great Britain
and translate the result into man hours
of work and you get measure of the
stoppage.
The result is about 100000 man hours,
and in that length of working time
great many tanks. guns, motor vehicles
and ammunition can be turned out. But
we are able to stop now without feeling
that the war effort will be seriously i'm
peded and we are entitled to stop, not
alone for prayer and meditation, but for
the celebration OF a change in our for
tunes and the impending doom OF the
Axis,
Evening star., 1943-08-16
Curtoqruphers

With knowledge and derterttv
Men chart proud boundaries,
ne,Dly tDon,
OF rising empires of the earth
That seek the splendor of the ssn.
But only for little season
These cartographs are fired and
true;
War here, ,oar there, and once again
The boundaries must be made
Observe a map OF tuescore yedrs:
Ho10 quick the cleaning eyes can see
That mighty Kingdoms wared and
Uaned,
Ne,o empires starred earth's gnlary.
Only one parchment neper 1dtlsl
Age after age the boundaries
stand;
The taultless map OF those blue acres
Wrought by Master Hand.
JOHN RICHARD MORELAND.
Evening star., 1943-08-16
Organization Of Appointees
For War Service Suggested.
To the Editor of The Star:

r or war Service suggested.
To the Editor Of The Star:
This is in reply to the recent inquiry
in your paper as to what plans are being
made for war service appointees in the
postwar setup of the Federal Govern
ment.
What are the war service appointees
themselves doing about it? Civil Service
Commissioner Fleming says there are
1,650,O00 employees in this category. Not
withstanding Mr. Fleming's remarks,
these employees have good case First,
there should be no tampering with the
status of those who have gained per-
manency by virtue OF having passed a
regularly announced competitive exami-
nation for permanent positions. From
that point on, all Jobs should be filled
by strict application Of the merit system.
Where there is conflict between the
merit system and the law, the law should
be amended or repealed.
1t is the policy Of the Federal Govern
ment to protect the right Of employees to
organize for collective bargaining. 1t
also is the policy Of our Government
to apply the merit system in Federal
employment. Therefore, an organiza-
ton Of 1,650,000 employees whose inter-
ests lay in a stricter application OF the
merit system would not be ignored by
Congress In the postwar planning.
ADVOCATE.
Evening star., 1943-08-16

seas. the Allied strength in man.
power was known to be superior to
that Of the Germans. General John
j. Pershing proposed and Marshal
Ferdinand Foch approved an attack
on the western face OF the Marne
salient. This offensive, started on
July lS, gradually drove the Ger
mans from one withdrawal position
to another throughout the summer.
1t met and frustrated the Ludendorff
drive east and west of Rheims, and
by August 8, "the black day." the
kaiser's commanders realized that
they no longer could hope for any
victory: "The war must be ended"
A German crown council met at
Spa to discuss "a strategic defen-
sive." The reply of the Allies was "a
tattoo" OF blows on the north and on
the south of the enemy line. General
Pershing erased" the Saint Mihiel
salient by September 81. One
grand simultaneous offensive" was
planned, and it was hoped to "liber-
ate" France and Belgium shortly"
But the foe was weaker than the Allies
had supposed. Bulgaria collapsed on
September 20. At Berlin panic stead
lily developed. Prince Max of Baden
became chancellor October 8, and it
was common knowledge throughout
the Reich that he was expected "to
negotiate a peace move, with his in
ternational reputation for modera-
ton and honor as its covering
pledge" He asked "a breathing
space" to bargain" but General
Paul Won Hindenburg declared: 1.-THE
gravity OF the military situation ad-
n1its OF no delay" Prince Max there
fore appealed to President Wilson.
The reply was: Unconditional sur
render" In every German city
crowds Of people demanded the ter
nination Of the useless struggle.
Turkey capitulated, Austria "re-
quested terms" the crews of the
German high sea fleet mutinied, the
Kaiser ned to Holland. At last "the
final curtain FELL" November IL.
More than 65 million men had taken
part In the conflict. The total num-
Der killed was 8,53S,3l5.
Evening star., 1943-08-16
PeniciIIin

IL sometimes Is denied that war
stimulates science, but now and
again there is development which
seems to suggest that such a chal-
lenge is itself unscientifc. The case
Of penicilin might be cited as an
example. Possibly 1t was not "in-
vented" for military use, yet there
can be no question about It's having
been popularized by the Army and
the Navy. Regarded by physicians
and surgeons as "one of the most
powerful germicides ever discovered"
it is being manufactured in six
teen different laboratories. but the
total available supply is not sufficient
to meet civilian as well as service
demand.
The whole problem was dramatized
last week when a distressed father
appealed to the city editor OF a New
York daily newspaper to help him to
find penicillin for his small daughter,
a patient in the Lutheran Hospital.
A canvass of drug firms In Manhat-
tan and vicinity was fruitless. The
editor then telephoned the United
States Public Health offices in Wash
ington and was referred to pharma-
ceutical establishment in New Bruns-
wick, New Jersey, where the precious
medicine was .available-in limited
but suficient Quantity.
Here again, it is logical to believe,
has been demonstrated the attrac-
ton Of the saga of the heroes whom
Paul de Kruif called "microbe hunt
ers." It is a continuing story, and
its tempo is accelerated by the in
crease of need implicit in war. To
the roster of names beginning with
Leeuwenhoek and including Pasteur,
Koch and Walter Reed, the name of
the latest benefactor of suffering
humanity must be added. According
to the British Journal of Experiment
tai Pathology, the first writer on
penicillin was Professor Alexander
Fleming Of the University Of London
a soldier in the London Scottish for
fourteen years. His discovery was
published in 1929 but not applied
to human beings until 1941.
Evening star., 1943-08-16
Why Not Begin Here?

In commemorating the second an
niversary of the Atlantic Charter
the President laid particular stress
on the principle of respect for the
right of all peoples to choose the
form of government under which
they will live" AS the forces of
liberation march on, the right OF
self-determination is becoming once
more living reality"
It is not living reality in the
Capital OF the United States, where
the people are not represented in
their government as voting citizens,
with voice in the determination Of
their own affairs. These citizens
pay their taxes. send their sons to
war and recognize all other obliga-
tions to government. Why should
they not enjoy, with their fellow
citizens OF this country as well as
the citizens of liberated countries,
some Of the basic principles that ac-
company such obligations?
Nearly everything said these days
about extending the rights Of self
determination in lands to be restored
by our soldiers abroad. or extending
the right to vote to soldiers on the
fighting fronts or to teen-age youths
at home. has the effect Of mockery
here in the Capital Of the Nation.
There are soldiers from the Dis
trict on every front in the world.
But they will not have the right to
vote when all other soldiers vote.
If the franchise is to be extended to
the eighteen-year-old youth Of the
Nation, as in Georgia, on the theory
that bearing arms gives them the
right OF going to the polls, the
gesture is merely an added discrimi-
nation against the citizens OF Wash
ington, whose duty to bear arms is
disassociated from right to vote.
The remedy for this unjust dis
elimination is to give the Washing
tonian the right to vote for whatever
representatives Congress shall pre-
scribe for the District OF Columbia
and to participate in the choice of a
President and Vice President. As
expressions Of self-determination
those privileges should be regarded
as fundamental. Their exercise
would not disturb the constitutional
provision vesting with Congress ex-
elusive legislative control over the
seat of Government. But they would
assure to the Washingtonian the
right of elf-determination which
the President regards as Of cardinal
Importance among the principles
enunciated in the Atlantic Charter.
Some day these rights will be en-
joyed by the Washingtonian. But
why not begin now, at home, real
demonstration OF the practice Of
self-determination?
Evening star., 1943-08-16
Victory at SEQ

The joint statement by President
Roosevelt and Prime Minister
Churchill on the progress Of the
war against Axis submarines reflects
q measure of success which would
have seemed beyond the range of
hope only few months ago.
This statement makes public for
the first time the almost incredibly
good news that more than ninety
U-boats were sunk at sea during
May, June and July-an average of
almost one a day for this period.
This is a rate of loss which neither
Germany nor any other nation can
long sustain, and it is the most con-
elusive evidence that the war at sea
is being won by the Allied forces.
Hardly less encouraging, however,
Is the unqualified assertion that "the
steady flow of transatlantic sup
plies on the greatest scale has con-
tinued unmolested." The few ships
that were sunk by U-boats in dis
tant areas" had but an insignificant
effect on the conduct of the war, ac-
cording to the President and MIR.
Churchill. Despite probable in
crease in the volume of shipping,
Allied losses have declined swiftly.
In the first six months of 1943 the
number of ships sunk per U-boat in
operation was only half the number
In the last six months Of 1912 and
only one-fourth the number in the
frst six months of last year.
In other words, our margin of
safety in merchant shipping is be-
ing steadily enlarged. And with
constant improvement in our air and
sea defenses against the submarines,
there should be continued accelera-
ton in the rate Of this improvement
For US, there Is abundant ground
for qualification in the developing
picture. But it will bring no Joy to
the heart of Adolf Hitler. His dream
of world domination, which once
seemed so close to realization, has
turned into a nightmare of defeat.
His vaunted Luftwaffe has been bat
tered until it is not even able to pro-
vide effective defense for the home
land. His armies have been beaten
IN North Africa and Sicily, and on the
3ar-oh eastern front the Nazi legions
Evening star., 1943-08-16
THIS AND. THAT
By Charles Z. Trnce,pell.

whether their care for their young is
due to love. We say 1t is. and believe It
is, but we cannot be sure. No psy-
chologist has been able to Dry into the
mind of bird. even a little way, as he
mas with human beings. He has a long
list OF big words. with which he circum-
scribes the inner thoughts and outer
actions Of his own kind, but when It
comes to the birds and beasts he scarcely
makes an attempt.
This is just as we'll.
In the bird world we can feel that
thlngs are done as the result Of century,
old processes.
They get clear back to the beginning
OF all things, and speak clearly of God
as We know Him.
The important thing is that every one,
high or low, no matter where located,
has some access to this deep well of
things as they are and always have
been.
Nothing interposes here between us
and the ancient of days.
Just as birds were then, so they are
now. A few species such as the dodo
ana the passenger pigeon. are gone from
US; the rest remain in their primitive
simplicity. 1t is well for us to keep this
IN mind, now and then, and to realize
that the birds have something more to
o1er us than pretty song and feather.
y
great many accidents do happen to
the birds.
But probably not As many. all things
taken into consideration, as to man,
with his machines. We never pick up
the old hometown paper without mar
Yelling at the number Of accidents
among the town and farm people OF the
vicinity.
Somebody has caught his foot in a
reaper. and somebody else has got mixed
up with washing machine.
One has injured himself pitching hay,
and another while going to town In his
automobile.
The birds probably get OIL easy, be-
cause they are intensely suspicious Of
our machines, as they jolly well have
right to be. Mans machines could be
blessing, but from the looks Of the
world at the present moment many Of
them are anything but, as the saying
has 1t.
1t is probably good idea to never
believe bird has been killed unless you
see the remains.
Birds often are injured, and forced to
remain at one point for q considerable
time. until they are able to get around
again.
We call to mind q catbird which has
appeared IN our yard recently. It has
an injured wing. and holds one leg stuck
out to the side, In . rather awkward
position, but is able to eat and fly. No
doubt he was injured seriously, but was
fortunate enough to be able to sur.
mount his difficulties. It is unwise to
count bird out until you know all the
facts. And when you consider things
with wings, 1t Is often impossible to
know al the facts, or even . part Of
them.
Evening star., 1943-08-16
"DERwooD, Md.

Dear Sir:
Your talk on wrens in tonisht's Star
interested us particularly at this time,
because we are watching the second
hatch Of pair of wrens on our front
porch.
''The first nest was built in small
wren box on the porch pillar. This
time they built in the bottom of a small
hanging basket between the pillars.
I'VE had put conch shell with tiny
begonia plant in the top Of the basket,
which is or 8 inches deep, leaving a
space on the side of the shell, and down
in this hollow Jenny Wren built her nest,
laid and Matched her eggs.
Some time during the interval, we
noticed she had lost every one of her
tail feathers-could that be the act Of a
cat, not quite quick enough to kill her?
II hate to think of her danger.
Cup to the time the young birds
Matched, the father wren had been
nearby. singing and watching the nest
while his mate came OF to eat, but now
we never see him or hear him.
I'VE have always seen both birds feed
the young ones, but as 1t Is late and all
birds have stopped singing, has he fallen
down on his job, or can he have been
killed?
Always tragedies in bird life!
Ever truly, M. B. B."
AS explained here recently, sometimes
Johnny Wren deserts Jenny, and takes
up with = new mate.
He has even been known to come back
to the frst nest and pitch the young out
on the ground, which Is equivalent to
killing them.
1t is slanderous upon the wrens, how
ever, to think that this Is q common
practice among them.
AL and all, the house wrens are Is
faithful as most species.
1t Is only an occasional specimen which
indulges in such tactics. Jenny, too, has
her bad moments. Sometimes she will
go and peck holes in other birds eggs.
She does this to the eggs Of warblers
and other small birds. She feels, ew-
IDENTIFY, that If she gets these out of the
way there will be more food for her own
young.
In the case Of John Wren, esq.,, 1t Is
simply matter Of Kidding himself of
more mouths to feed. So it may be be-
heved that Mrs. Wren is the. best Of the
two characters.
4
Such evidences OF departure from the
solid actions Of most species are easily
believable Of such active. energetic, even
eccentric birds.
An observer has only to watch them
flirt their tails, see their erratic motions,
and listen to their wild singing, to know
that these are not bird conservatives.
II anything, they are revolutionists,
probably despising everything old, and
believing that everything new Is best,
just on general principles.
We run into danger, however, when
We attribute human thoughts and emo
tions to the birds. We do not even know
Evening star., 1943-08-16

and, to more limited extent, the boat
ing concession. As both Of these entail
the rental Of property not paid for by
the taxpayers, a somewhat different sit
uation from that Of the swimming pools
is presented. In normal times, surpluses
from the operation Of the tourist camp
in East Potomac Park, a nonrecreational
activity. have been helpful in ofIsetting
the losses suffered by the recreational
units. Another nonrecreational activity
which has assisted along this line is the
souvenir stand in the Washington Monu-
ment lodge.
I am sure that in justice to the Fed
eral officials who, as trustees of this as
sociation, give generously Of their time
without remuneration Of any character,
you will wish your readers to be advised
that the Welfare and Recreational As
sociation Is nonprofit distributing,
charitable corporation and furthermore
that no portion of the monies which it
has deposited over the past IL years in
the Treasury of the United States to the
credit of miscellaneous receipts has
come from recreational activities in the
District parks. F. w. HOOVER,
General Manager.
editors Note: The Star is delighted
to print Mr.. Hoover's letter, but as
clarif1cation rather than correction of
the editorial to which he refers. The
nonproflt Welfare and Recreational
Association, of course, is one lessee Of
recreation facilities. A private cor
poration is another There is no
quarrel with either. Creation Of the
Districts Recreation Board makes it
the logical agency. now, however, for
operation of recreation facilities.)
Evening star., 1943-08-16
Prey and Rejoice

From the Montreal Star.
The British Home once has an
nounced that on September 3, the fourth
anniversary of the outbreak of war, all
work will cease in Britain for Is minutes.
His Majesty the King has asked that the
day be observed as a day of prayer and
dedication, and the war workers them
selves will be given an opportunity to
participate.
How different the situation Is today
Evening star., 1943-08-16

are facing their greatest disaster OF
the war. And now, with the appar-
ent subjugation of the U-boats, what
hope is left for the conqueror?
He has the means to fight on for
while and he may do so. But Hitler
can do no more than delay for
while his hour of capitulation, and
even his own intuition must be tell
ing him that this is true.
Evening star., 1943-08-16
Letters to the Editor

Letters to the Editor must
bear the name and address OF
the ,Driter, although the use OF
a pseudonyn, for publication is
permissible. The Star reserpes
the right to edit all letters tcith
a DieD to condensation.
Evening star., 1943-08-16

Most stab wounds, if not fatal,
heal very quickly. The one France
got in the back in 1910 is still sore,
but Doctors Giraud and De Gaulle
now are teaming up on a poultice
which will eventually clear 1t up.
Evening star., 1943-08-16
Asks About Possibility
OF Historical Repetition.
TO the Editor Of The Star:

VI dIStOIlcSl NepetltI0n.
TO the Editor Of The Star:
Are we again at the crossroads be-
tween war and peace?
For 20 years the world has been AZ
flicted by the strident. breast beating,
chin-protruding member OF the Axis
coalition.
While the world is now relieved Of
this tribulation. it is believed that the
President and Mr.. Churchill would like
to hear that voice peep" just once
more. For location purposes.
The screaming, hysterical falsetto Of
the other member OF the coalition Is
now seldom heard, the news from Rus
sia and Italy being what 1t is.
Twenty-Five years ago 1t looked like
the Germans were going into Paris. No
indications Of internal dissension In
Germany had been allowed to escape.
Then, crack! Ludendorff had given
up. The Kaiser was in flight to Holland.
Germany was suing for peace.
Is history about to repeat? 1t some
times does. WILBUR H. CLOSE.
Recreational Association Representative
Comments on Editorial
TO the Editor OF The Star:
AS regular reader and one particu-
larly interested in its editorials, I am
taking the liberty OF commenting on the
editorial For the Public Benefit In The
Star for Thursday, August II.
Certainly there can be no sound argu-
ment against the proposition that pub
lie recreational facilities should be op-
Grated for the public benefit and not for
private profit. 1t is only when the edi-
torial implies that the Welfare and
Recreational Association has profited
from It's operation of recreational facili-
ties that I feel, in fairness to all con-
cerned, correction should be made
Over the past 10 years, beginning with
January /, 1888. and terminating with
December 81, 1942, the Welfare and
Recreational Association has expended
in the maintenance and operation of
recreational facilities in the District of
Columbia s42,7l8.9l more than it re-
ceived from admission fees, sale of re-
freshments, etc. The swimming pools
alone have averaged a loss of nearly
$4,000 year. The pool losses have been
largely due to the associations policy of
providing free swims in the mornings
Tennis courts have been similarly un-
profitable-the losses from these averag-
ing about $4,000 per annum. The only
so-called profitable" recreational ac-
tivities have been the bicycle concession
Evening star., 1943-08-16

It won't be long now before ia
theirs are drafted-by their wives
to take down fly screens and avn
ings.
Evening star., 1943-08-16
BIZ Frederic J. Hnskfn.

@. Was there town founded In the
United States by refugees Of the French
Revolution?-A. E. B.
A. Refugees from France founded q
settlement In Bradford County, Pa,
called Asylum or Azilum at the end Of
the 18th century. 1t was expected that
Marie Antoinette would join them, hut
she was put to death before arrange.
ments were completed. 1t vas soon
abandoned.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-04-21

explained. snow they're going
10 let me stay In, and I'm due
for shipment In n few days, and
hope it's overseas.
II still want TO see Hitler
hung"
Meanwhile, at Fort Custer he:
still receiving the bulk of his mail
some of it letters from his FRIEND
Samuel Goldfinger, under the
name of Goldfinger, and is kiddec
about il.
'I'lI be Is on April 30, and
would re-enllst anyway, but 1
don't want TO lose, I'm the rec
Ords, the training I've got" Pvt.
Spinner explains his stubborn
fight.
81 want to get overseas and
see Adolf Hitler finished of ut
the earliest possible moment"
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-04-21

coast guard and the merchant ma
rine in New York rejected him
for the same reason.
* The army was his last chance.
But he wasn't Is. He used the
birth certificate of his friend,
Samuel Goldfinger, Just Is, and
got in.
Right-handed. he won medals as
an expert rifleman, pistol shot, sub
machine gunner, using his left eye
and shoulder.
Three months ago Goldfinger en-
listed.
IL knew the army would find
out about me-" Spinner said.
There were now two Samuel
Goldfingers in the army on the
same birth certificate, born at
the same time, same fathers and
mothers"
So he confessed to his chaplain,
and his chaplain went to the COM
mandant, who, impressed by Spin
ner's sincerity, advised him to
write to Biddle.
a n EATuER