davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-05-11
Only q Toste

OF all the news dispatches to come
out OF this war, none makes better
reading for the average American
than details of the unconditional
surrender Of the Germans and Ital-
ians in front of the tough Second
Corps, which broke their line, took
Bizerte and cut them off from escape.
There is something very humanity
soul-satisfying in the picture of the
cocky German generals, thoroughly
licked, walking into American head
quarters. We laugh, with the soldiers,
over the Prussian commander who
meekly stripped the Red Cross en-
blem from his car after it had per-
formed its function of protecting his
valued person on his trip through
the lines. We share that sentiment,
one of the strange anomalies of war,
displayed by the soldiers who herded
the prisoners into barbed-wire stock
AIDES, then showered them with
cigarettes and candy. We are in
clined to puff with pride over the
surprised comments of prisoners who
saw for the first time the power and
quantity of the American equipment
behind the lines and who remarked
on the excellence Of American food.
But we should not let this crafty
ing little taste of victory wipe out the
memory of somewhat similar scene,
thirteen months ago to the day,
enacted on the Bataan Peninsula.
That was when our own generals
seventeen of them If we include those
who later were taken at Corregidor-
we're YEARLY walking into head
quarters of the grinning and kissing
japanese. They were also offered,
and accepted, unconditional sur
render. Some Of them must have
shed tears, too, as they looked at the
sick and ragged American soldiers,
nmping into barbed-wire Enclosures
under the prodding of japanese
bayonets. And in Japan the Japa-
nese were avidly licking up the de-
tails, from the newspapers, of how
some 36,853 men in American uniform
Ill 500 more later at Corregidor-
were laying down their arms and
holding out their hands for food.
No matter what victories we may
have, none will be complete until it
effaces, for all time, the memory of
Bataan and Corregidor.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-05-11
The HooIiqon in Wartime
From the Glasgow Herald.

from the GLASGOW Herald.
The failure of our system of education.
understood in the widest sense, is no
where made more clear than when
young people find themselves suddenly
released from the discipline, restrictions,
and ordered framework of their ordinary
lives. Some whose homes and schools
have given them a sense of their own
dignity, and also sense of community,
can adapt themselves to the new free
doms and the removal of barriers. The
others, because they have been imper-
fectly taught, think that freedom from
restraint and the excellent prospects Of
not being found out give them license to
indulge any foolish or destructive whim
that enters their heads. What is regret
table Is that nothing very much can be
done about the irresponsibles until the
war is over and the lights go up again,
and the order and restraint of normal
living can be restored. But it will leave
the nation with substantial problem
of postwar reconstruction to be carried
out on the characters of good many
thousands Of young people who have
been living very much as they pleased
and who must be re-educated as respon-
dble citizens.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-05-11

be excessive In relation to the need
because they favor the flat-rate
principle in unemployment insur-
ance throughout the country.
Acting as local legislature for the
District, Congress should be guided
by what is best for the District, not
what some minority groups may feel
would be best for the Nation. II the
National Social Security Act is later
amended, to include additional
classes OF benef1ciaries, to increase
the size and to provide for federaliza-
ton OF all local unemployment re-
serve funds and to fix all tax rates at
the same level, then the District act
would, Of course, have to conform.
But the question now is amendment
of the District act in accordance with
the national law as it now is, which
prescribes the adoption of the ex-
nce-rating system as the method
for reducing local tax rates.
The amendments do not curtail or
In any manner modify existing I'M
employment compensation benefits;
on the other hand, the local law
would become one of the most liberal
in the country as concerns benefits,
the experience rating should add an
incentive to maintain steady en-
ployment and a more equitable sys-
tenn Of taxation would be established
under which adequate reserves are
maintained automatically in relation
to the demonstrated demand for
benefits,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-05-11
Huskin's Answers
To Questions
BIZ Frederic ]. Hnskfn

~ FTSQST1C J. H6Sktn.
A reader can get the ans,oer to any
question OF fact by ,uriting The Eue-
ming Star Information Bureau, Fred
eric J. Haskin, director, WASHINGTON,
D. c. Please inclose stamp for return
postage.
@. Has the United States Senate ever
elected Vice President?-s. r. g.
@. In 1885 Vice President Richard M,
johnson was elected by the Senate from
the two highest candidates since no can
didate had obtained . majority Of the
electoral vote. This Is the only time the
Senate has elected Vice President.
Q. How many American prisoners have
been taken by Germany?-W. L.
A. According to an announcement Of
the Office Of War Information on April
"a, 1943, 10,628 Americans have been
taken prisoners.
Q. Were the Oriental cherry trees re-
moved for the Jefferson Memorial re-
placed?-S. r. 8.
A. The new landscaping has added PIC
cherry trees to the Tidal Basin area,
more than replacing the IS that were
moved.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-05-11
Civilization Held Endangered
BY Root Causes of Confusion,
To the Editor OF The Star:

To the Editor OF The Star:
Nations are plunged into war not be-
cause the people of one nation, out of
clear blue sky and for no reason whatso-
ever, burst forth in sudden fury and
attack their neighbors. However mill
taristically minded people may be,
nothing can hasten actual bloodshed
more than poverty and accumulated
hatred.
Unless labor and industry can live in
q world which guarantees individual
freedom, world whose natural re-
sources are not privately monopoIzed.
then war and poverty eventually will
crush civilization.
Government encroachment In domes-
tic and foreign affairs is something
which must be stopped. Unjust taxation
levied upon all forms Of honest endeavor,
Understanding, war-breeding tariffs,
the denial by government Of the right
Of the individual to lead his own life as
nature intended-these are the root
causes of the so-called complex and con-
fused state in which the world today
finds itself.
Either we destroy these causes Of war
and poverty or those causes most as
suredly will destroy US. D. A.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-05-11
Joan of Arc

Thomas R. Henry, Star staff CORE
spondent in North Africa, yesterday
reported how "a risen France" cele-
brated the annual fete day Of Joan of
Arc in Algiers. The fall of the sister
cities of Tunis and Bizerte to the
United Nations gave opportunity for
q demonstration Of the French Re-
public "at it's best" A great parade
OF troops bearing the tricolor moved
down the Rue Michelet in homage to
the martyred Maid and in remem-
brance of her services to her country
i've hundred years ago.
Not many Americans understand
what it was that Joan really did for
France. The story Of her life and
death commonly is told in detach-
ment from the annals Of Europe.
Yet to comprehend her achievement
1t is imperative that she be seen in
her proper role as an actor in the
world drama of the fifteenth century.
She was child Of an epoch of war
The battle of Agincourt was fought
when she was three. Henry v of
England took Caen, Bayeux, Falaise
and many other towns when she was
i've. Paris surrendered to him in
1920. Joan'S native village-Dom-
remy on the Meuse-was burned by
the invaders. With her parents, she
ned to Neufchateau. The voices" of
Saint Michael, Saint Catherine and
Saint Margaret urged her to "a mis-
hon of patriotism" far more Signifi-
cant than her contemporaries could
realize. She sought nothing less than
the establishment of the kingdom of
God upon earth.
The message which Joan gave to
Charles VII, when finally she met
him at Chinon, was to the effect that
France belongs to my Lord" and
that my Lord wishes that the
Dauphin be made king and hold his
realm in trust" Such mystic COM
munication we'll might have been re-
1ected. A commission was appointed
to examine the Maid. When it re-
ported in her favor, she put on white
armor and proceeded to the relief of
Orleans. In the fighting there, her
example .spurred knights and ordi-
nary soldiers with a holy zeal. The
siege was raised. A long series of
French victories followed. The
Qauphin was crowned at Rheims
July Is, 1929. Had his gratitude been
equal to his obligation, Joan never
would have been burned.
How she fell into the hands of her
enemies and was delivered to Pierre
Cauchon for trial and execution is a
tale which even now cannot be read
With dry eyes. The market square at
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-05-11
THIS AND THAT
By Charles +. Trace1oell.
Floor Of box, 6 by 8 inches.

Floor Of box, 6 by inches.
Depth, 8 to 10 inches.
Diameter Of hole, 2 inches
Height above ground, to 20 feet. The
hole should be close to the top, as in
most bird houses.
This is one bird which almost demands
bark on his house.
There is another interesting angle to
erecting house for hycatcher.
He likes snakeskin for his home,
Nothing sets up f1ycatcher family like
fine snakeskin.
The skin is poked into the house, and
bit Is left hanging out the door.
The idea, among the fiycatchers, seems
to be that a snakeskin is a protection.
soaring of other birds. Just how or when
the members Of this bird family made
this momentous discovery is unknown,
but 1T must have been long time ago.
X ~
Specifications for bluebird house are
as follows:
Floor of box, by inches.
Depth, inches
Diameter of hole, III inches.
Hole above floor, inches.
Height above ground, to 10 feet.
This is one OF the standard bird houses.
1t will attract English sparrows, but they
may be kept away by putting the house
low, about or feet from the ground,
in an open and preferably sunny position
The martin house is an elaborate piece
OF construction, and nobody who is not
familiar with carpenter tools should try
to build one.
1t should have at least eight compart-
ments, each 6 inches square, with the
holes 2a3 inches in diameter near the
bottom Of each compartment. They like
to look out, in distinction from most
songbirds All members OF the martin
family are gregarious, and cannot abide
not being able to see each other at all
times. They are the real communists of
the bird world.
One may make as many houses, or in
dividual cells, as one desires, and make
the whole affair as elaborate as time,
money and ability permit.
The whole apartment house is best
placed on pole is or 20 feet from the
ground, and completely away from build
ings and the shade of trees.
Too often martin houses are put UP
too close to houses. The colony building is
best painted white or some very light
color.
The four most generally useful sizes
OF bird houses are those for flicker, blue
bird, flycatcher and house wren.
So, for good measure, we throw In the
dimensions for good wren house:
Floor Of box, by inches.
Depth 6 to inches
Hole above floor, to inches.
Diameter Of hole, q or inch.
Height above ground, to 10 feet,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-05-11
The Pioneer

There she sits
And rocks and knits,
"Ltutng today is trtfe,
For your gran'pap
In his coogsktp cap
Stood his long, old squirrel rifle
BY a sourDood tree
In a shady lea
And plo,oed the prairie under
And his Indian Corn
At the edge of morn
Shook Nth the butdlos thunder"
"And Chickory
Made a right good tea
Your gran mama bre1Ded for a healer,
And summers fruit
Was boarded loot
In an old broton stone selt-sedler.
No.o folks complain
OF 1pork and pain,
OF the men and food they're givtnQ.
But your gran'pdp
In his coonsAin cap,
Why, he fought every day for q
ltutng."
ALMA ROBSON MaBEE.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-05-11
WHEELER ROAD.

"1GC1GLSL kLOAO.
Dear Sir:
I'm planning on building some bird
houses and friend suggested I write
to you for help.
Would appreciate 1t if you would send
me dimensions on following birds:
"Sexangular flicker, winged
woodpecker, great crested hycatcher,
purple martin and bluebird.
Thanking you, remain,
"Sincerely, H. H. F."
We never heard of "sexangular
flicker" but flicker is called the
golden winged woodpecker" in some
parts OF the country.
This is bird of many names. In
various parts of the United States it is
called, besides flicker and golden-winged
woodpecker, the following names:
Yellow-shafted woodpecker, clape,
pigeon woodpecker, yellow hammer,
high-hole high-holder, yarrup, wake-up,
wood pigeon, heighho, wick-up, hairy
wicket, yawker bird and walk-up.
Probably no other species has SO many
and certainly not so interesting variety
of names, some Of them pure corruption
of Others
This is a fine bird, few of them re-
naming all winter. 1t is large, with a
red spot on the back of its neck, as any
member of the woodpecker family should
have, and a black crescent on its throat.
1t is marvellous ant eater.
The only bad trait it has, according
to the experts, is its broadcasting OF the
seeds of the poison ivy. While it eats
some fruit and grain, the amount is
trivial.
A house for flicker, or golden
winged woodpecker, is made according
to the following dimensions:
Floor of box, by inches.
Depth of box, 16 to 10 inches.
Diameter of hole, 3 inches
Hole above floor, IA to 16 inches.
Height above ground, to 20 feet.
These are the dimensions as recon-
mended by the United States Fish and
Wildlife Service.
1t is good plan to make all wood
pecker boxes of soft wood, because these
birds like to change them bit to suit
themselves.
1t is good idea to leave few shavings
and some sawdust inside.
Leaving the bark on the wood, II pos
sible, is another good idea. No one who
puts up one of these large bird houses,
with such a comparatively large door,
need be surprised or angry II the SQUIRRELS
take to it. Such a box makes an excel
lent squirrel house, too.
i \ +
A bird house for crested flycatcher is
made according to the following specifl-
cations:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-05-11

Rouen was the place Of her death,
May 30, 1880. Her ashes were thrown
into the Seine. But her work was
not finished. France, having need for
her, again finds strength in her i'm
mortal spirit. When peace at last is
restored to Europe her grand ideal of
continental harmony may be at
tanned. Stranger things have hap
pened, and nothing is more poignant
ly to be desired.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-05-11
Coal Miners Expected
To Share Hardships Of War.

In The Star for May 8, Samuel Graf
ton says: 1.-THE whole issue in the coal
crisis is whether there shall be equality
Of sacrifice In fighting the war;"
Nothing more true has been said.
John L. Lewis is not thinking Of any
sacrifice for the members Of his union.
His whole purpose is to take advantage
Of war conditions to press for higher
and higher wages.
There are millions Of people in the
United States whose incomes have not
increased due to the war and whose
higher living expenses cause consid-
cradle sacrifice, not to mention their
efforts to buy all the War bonds possible.
The members of Mr.. Lewis union
are not starving" They are living about
as well as others; and If some small
sacrifice should be necessary, why should
they not make it, as others are doing?
When our boys, now fighting to save
their country land the world) return
after the war, they should have some
thing to say about labor unions and
strikes. A. Z. LEWIS.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-05-11
do straw.

General Franco now puts out peace
feelers, declaring that the war has
reached deadlock" and that no one
can win it. Just now it begins to look
to us rather more like deadlock"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-05-11

A United States flyer, forced down
In Turkey and there interned nearly
year ago, has been released and
has rejoined his command. There is
no other information on this release.
However, released flyers show which
way the wind blows just as surely Is
do StrawS.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-05-11

@. What is meant by the term "Bae-
deker raids"?-R. G. D.
A. Air raids supposedly directed against
cultural monuments such as the cathe-
dral cities of England, rather than sea-
ports or production centers. The term
derives from the well known series Of
guidebooks.
@. What is the origin Of the notches
commonly seen in coat lapels?-E. L. H.
A. The notch Is said to have originated
in the rivalry between Napoleon and
Gen. Moreau. The followers Of Moreau
devised it as a secret badge Of their
partisanship.
Q. Who was chosen to be the Ameri-
can mother Of 1880. B. 8.
A. Mrs. Mary Moore Thomson, presi-
dent Of Western College for Women, Ok
ford, Ohio.
@. Is 1t true that earthworms grow to
enormous lengths In Australia?-E. N.
A. They may attain q length Of nearly
IL feet when fully extended.
O. What are the dimensions Of the
largest indoor swimming pool?-N. F.
A. The largest in the world Is at the
United States Naval Training Station,
Great Lakes, and is 1855 feet long, rs feet
wide and ~ feet deep. Approximately
100000 gallons OF water are required.
Q. What was the date Of Gen. Lees
so-called Lost Order?"-J. B. j.
A. Special Order 191 was dated Sep
TENDER 8. 1862, Headquarters A. N, Vir-
ginia.
Q. At what point was the Mississippi
River first seen by a white MANN. A.
A. In 154l Ferdinand de Soto first saw
the great river at point near the pres
ent site Of Memphis, Tenn.
@. How many Negroes live IN Harlem,
NJ Y?-C. T. H.
A. About 250,0Oo One block in this
district Is reported to have 1924 resi-
dents, or an average density Of 1,l00 an
acre.
@. Was handwriting done originally
from left to right or right to left?-
T. H. w.
A. It is thought that the earliest writ
ing ran from right to left The ancient
Egyptians, Phoenicians and Greeks wrote
In this manner. Writing from left to
right is believed to have been introduced
In the time Of Homer by Pronapides Of
Athens.
O. Why is thick soup called '.puree9"-
ALL
A. This Is . French word meaning
"porr1dge."
Q. How many languages does the Pope
speak?-D. B. G..
A. His Holiness Plus XII speaks Greek,
Latin, italian, German, French, English,
Spanish and Portuguese.
@. What damage was done to Japan
by the typhoon 10 years ago?-B. We
A. A severe tidal wave or typhoon
which occurred September a, 1884, did
about $500 900 900 damage It destroyed
105,657 houses and killed 5000 persons.
Q. When did the United States agree
to undertake the defense Of Green
land?-W. 8. B.
A. Secretary Of State Hull and the
Danish Minister ut Warrington signed
an agreement April ., 1o4l, whereby the
United States accepted the responsibility
for the defense Of Greenland.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-05-11

"This is the most dramatic moment
in our history" declares Fascist Vir-
ginio Gayda in speaking of the "Ital-
ian Empire" There are two principal
elements in drama - tragedy and
comedy-and perhaps the speaker is
right. Italians are finding plenty Of
the former and their opponents quite
dash of the latter in the present
situation,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-05-11
Broudcustinq Curbs

preme Court has upheld the new Fed
eral Communications Commission
regulations to govern broadcasting,
which the major chains assailed as
a death blow" to Nationwide net
work operations.
The regulations, entailing sweeping
changes in the contractual relation
ship between the broadcasting COM
panies and their station aff1liates,
are the product of an inquiry under
taken five years ago by the commits
sion to determine if public interest,
convenience or necessity" dictated
the imposition of restrictions on an
industry which in the space Of two
decades converted radio from a
novelty into one of the most potent
factors in modern life. Their prin-
cipal effect is to set aside certain
requirements which the networks
have laid down for their afhliates in
connection with the distribution of
programs. The National Broadcast
ing Company and the Columbia
Broadcasting System opposed the
regulations. The Mutual Broadcast
ing System sided with the Govern
ment in the litigation.
Basically, the regulations are de-
signed to break up the exclusive"
relations hitherto existing between
the networks and their af1liates.
Contracts which have prevented sta
tiops from broadcasting the pro-
grams Of more than one chain are
outlawed. The so-called territorial
EXCLUSIVELY" contractual provision
permitting stations to bar the use, by
others in their territory, OF programs
they had rejected, also goes. Stations
are restricted on the conditions under
which they may option time to the
networks. Other curbs also are in
voked.
The philosophy of the Communica-
tons Commission was that the regu-
lations-which were adopted by
divided vote, incidentally would
encourage competition and prevent
undue concentration of control of
the radio industry" and correspond
ingly inure to the public benefit.
The protesting chains commended
that the commission exceeded its
powers in applying the regulations
which are given force by denying
licenses to non-conforming stations.
The court, in the opinion by Justice
Frankfurter, admitted the Commu-
nications Act does not spell out the
authority assumed here by the COM
mission, but asserted that the regu-
latory body was given "comprehen-
sive mandate" to regulate broadcast
ing, and that the new rules repre-
sent the exercise Of that power.
Dissenting, Justice Murphy, who
was joined by Justice Roberts, de-
clared that the court was "gratuti-
ously" endowing the commission with
power that Congress has not granted.
Justices Black and Rutledge did
not participate the case.
In the light of the drastic changes
which the courts decision will force,
the Communications Commission
should, and no doubt will, move to lay
down explicit guides for the direction
of the broadcasting industry, 50 the
regulations may become effective
with the least possible dislocation.
AS is well said by Niles !Trammell,
president of NBC, the commission
has a grave responsibility to see that
the broadcasters are enabled to con-
tinue to render a satisfactory service
to the public.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-05-11
Slip Covers for Observation-Disclosures

slip Covers Tor Furn1ture-1nclude
chapters on uses of slip covers,
choosing fabrics for service, decora-
tive features, estimating yardage and
construction. Dress up your house
for summer with fresh, light colored
slip covers-carry out the color
scheme that's been in your mind for
so long. Make your home into cool,
restful and inviting place by covering
that dark, warm-looking upholstery
with a cheerful color To secure your
copy of this practical booklet inclose
10 cents in coin, wrapped in this
clipping, and mail to The Star Infor-
nation Bureau.
Name
Address
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-05-11

The giant whale shark has no
fewer than 5000 teeth. This is more
than the longest bandsaw and ap-
proaches the number of those of a
super-eWiss muMc box.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-05-11
Differences In Pronunciation
Asserted as Permissible Variations.

TO the Editor Of The Star:
With reference to the letter of
Benign" to The Star. let me say that
according to Webster's New Interna-
tional Dictionary and other standard
authorities, the correct pronunciation
Of water" is either "woter' or "woter."
Some Of us are inclined to give too
much attention to the usage Of our own
particular environment In matters of
pronunciation, not realizing that other
pronunciations have Just as much sane
ton In good usage.
CHARLES B. HOLLOWAY.