davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1943-12-26

having been opened against the II most
bombed German centers of war produc-
ton.
They estimate Hamburg has suffered
go times as much damage as Coventry,
Cologne II times, Essen 10 times.
Plane Loss Low
The question of the cost-Allied air
losses-has been discussed widely. Sec
retary OF War Stimson said recently that
the average loss of both British and
American planes. in all their raids over
Europe, has been less than per cent.
In some individual cases it's higher.
of course. Meanwhile, Air Marshal
Harris says that every ton of bombs
dropped on German industries will save
the lives of 10 United Nations soldiers
in the near future when invasion comes" p"
German arms production at Hamburg
and Essen has been knocked out, the
British say, at the cost of 800 RAF
casualties many of whom are prisoners
of war
Obliterating the highly important Aus
trian ball-bearing works al Schwe!nfurt
cost the United States Air Forces 600
in personnel-but, again, many of these
are alive as prisoners.
The minded ask, How could you
do comparable damage with that many
land soldiers?"
Evening star., 1943-12-26
By James ID. White,
Associated Press Wrifer.

Allied airbases would follow close be-
hind them and the bombing of the Reich
woud become just that much cheaper
vasion itself.
The British feel this confirms another
view they've held for some time-that
the Nazis now find much Of their occu-
pied land liability
Militarily, because it takes troops to
defend 1t against invasion and revolt.
In the same speech Seyss- -Inquart said
If we could free forces on garrison duty
in Europe, we could send them to the
East"
Economically, because they have
stripped the occupied countries of every
thing worth looting and have more and
more trouble keeping their lines Of
supply going.
According to this view, the ring of
cushion countries with which Hitler
padded his European fortress is decay
ing in profit and defense value but he
can't ditch these lands because he has
to hold Allied air power off as far as
possible.
Morale Is Hurt.
A drop in German morale is another
bombing dividend. The Nazis now
threaten 'defeatists' with death. The
British say they believe neutral esti-
mates of 100000 German citizens dead
or missing as result of bombings are
exaggerated, basing this opinion on the
relatively small toll of life which Ger
man bombs have caused in Britain.
However, they are inclined to accept
with less reservation figures from the
same sources which say that 1000 900
Germans have been bombed out Of their
homes.
Other dividends:
l. Air Marshal Harris predicts that
air power, with other factors, should
eliminate what remains of the German
submarine menace possibly by next
spring, certainly by next fall.
2. German plane production has had
to switch over to fighters.
The British speak of vertical salients"
Evening star., 1943-12-26
Foot Soldier and Battleship
Again Hold Key to Victory
By Constantine Broom.

periority considerably helped the armies
Of Gems. Montgomery, Patton and An
derson to defeat the Nazis and the Ital-
ians. In Sicily the air force also was OF
great assistance. We had to deal with
an enemy who was about as deprived of
air protection as the French were in
the summer of 1910.
But in Italy, at Salerno and later,
the role Of the air force could be COM
stages of the World War. The planes
did good reconnaissance work, helped
push back the Germans and hampered
their lines of communications, but were
not really effective support of the
ground forces. In fact, at one time our
position in Salerno Bay was extremely
critical and 1t looked as If we might be
thrown into the sea.
The day was saved not by any air
action against the Nazis, who were
stubbornly defending the beaches, but
by the presence of number of battle
ships, cruisers and destroyers which
opened on the enemy from between
5000 and $4,000 yards. The well nour-
ished fire of the Allied guns crushed the
German resistance. The ground forces
did the rest of the job. In Italy we have
been advancing with remarkable slow
ness, although our air superiority has
never been less than 4-to-l. According
to ardent supporters Of the plane as the
principal weapon Of war to defeat the
enemy, this superiority should have
cleaned up the German divisions from
the moment we obtained a number of
adequate air fields. Reports received
from the armies commanded by Gems.
Montgomery and Clark stress that our
aviation was an extremely useful auxil-
larry, but it did not produce the victory
the people at home had expected 1t
was the hard-fighting infantry and
tankman who had to push the enemy
back inch by inch.
Ground Force Essential.
1t Is assumed that the optimistic FORE
casts that we would be in Rome by
Thanksgiving, were based on the crush
ing air superiority of the Allies. We are
AAoe ySo AL AcoAA1C, AAOG OIlly UcCduSc tllc
Nazis are offering a determined resist
ance and have brought into line a suffi-
cient number of fighter planes to give
the needed protection to their troops,
but also because planes cannot destroy
the mountains which have been in our
path. 1t is the ground force which has
to take them from the enemy.
The Russians proved that while the
plane is very important auxiliary, the
value of which must not be underrated,
1t is the infantryman who wins battles
During the earlier stages of the Russo
German war the Nazis had a definite
air superiority. The Russians, of course,
also had good planes in sufficient num-
bers to protect their troops, but the total
Evening star., 1943-12-26
Dewey Faces Critical Fight
By William ". Tyler,
Associated Press Writer

ALBANY, N. Y.-Thomas E. Dewey
is out to wreck the powerful Albany
Democratic organization in finish fight
that may have an effect on the 1914
presidential campaign.
The battle lies between Dewey, first
Republican Governor Of New York in 20
years, and what he calls the "OConnell
machine"-one of the strongest local
political structures in the Nation.
The mo quarter" aspect of the strug-
gle was made plain by Dewey in State
political campaign speech October 20,
when he listed the Albany Democratic
organization among criminal political
organizations" which he had pledged
himself to root out"
ut took five years to break the power
Of the organized criminal underworld
in the city of New York" (when he was
Manhattan district attorney the Cover
nor said, and added, but it won't take
quite that long in Albany"
Dewey, in the forefront of presiden-
tial possibilities, repeatedly has dis
avowed any ambition for the 1914 NOM
ination. But there is wide belief that
he may be subjected to draft move
ment, especially in case of national
convention deadlock.
National Republican estimation of the
Governor presumably would rise If he
succeeded in his determination to
Evening star., 1943-12-26
By Ovid A. Martin,
Associated Press Writer.


Will the world be able to meet de-
mands for lumber to rebuild its war
devastated cities and supply normal re-
quirements for forestry products when
peace comes?
This question is beginning to cause
concern in governmental as we'll as for
estry industry circles already under
strain to meet essential wartime re-
ouirements.
The answer has a vital bearing on
plans OF this country for shifting from
a war economy to peacetime economy
featuring, among other things, the
building of millions of new homes.
This country's top governmental
agency concerned with forestry re-
sources, the United States Forestry
Service. expresses fear that the world
will suffer severe headaches when it
starts postwar reconstruction.
with entire cities devastated, the
normal economy of Europe has been so
thoroughly disrupted by the war;" the
service says, that the need in postwar
years for lumber and other timber
products is bound to be great. Not only
will there be huge requirements for re-
construction, but heavy lag in re-
quirements for maintenance will also
make itself felt"
Europes postwar shortage-that is,
needs In excess of its own output-will
probably be greater, the service says,
than the anticipated surplus of the rest
of the world.
Where will Europe turn for supplies? :?
The service says that neither Asia,
with a huge population largely un-
touched by industrial development, nor
Australia-both normally importers Of
softwood lumber from North America
will be In position to meet Europe's
need.
Evening star., 1943-12-26
Underground Press

The underground" newspaper, long a
weapon of oppressed peoples in Nazi
Germany and in German-occupied Eu-
ropean nations. has made its appearance
in Argentina.
The Communist newspaper Ell Siglo
in Santiago recently published mast
heads of four newspapers which 1t said
were giving the people of Argentina the
"facts" about the situation there.
1t said one of them, Unidad Nacional
(national unity, "is the official organ
of the central committee of the Com
munist party (of Argentina) and its
press run reaches $4,000 copies"
Ell Siglo said the newspaper printed
"documented criticisms of the Argentine
government and conducts, as its title in
dicates, an intelligent and persevering
campaign for national democratic unity"
Evening star., 1943-12-26
Postwar WOrrv
By Ben F. Meyer,
Associated Press Writer,


SANTIAGO, Chile, Dec. 25-Think-
ing men in South America are express
ing increasing concern about the little
nations" in the troublous postwar days
ahead. Some feel there should be an
American charter" to bring the Amer
lean nations together.
One statesman recently expressed a
hope for an early meeting of repre-
sentatives of the governments and of
the peoples of the Americas at which
there might be projected, in broad gen.
eral outlines, program of basic ideals
and policies. For without such a gen.
eral outline, each country naturally will
try to make the best arrangement pos
sible for its own welfare. And in this
instance-as the big Allied nations have
done in the war effort-there should be
an unselfish approach"
The Latin American nations generally
feel they should have voice at the
peace table. While few of them ac-
tually have men in the war under their
own flags, the great Santiago newspaper,
Ell Mercurio, explains this desire in this
way:
There are many countries in this
hemisphere to which it would not have
been humane to ask any other participa-
tion in the war than that as suppliers of
raw materials for the arsenals of war as
we'll as for the storehouse of the democ-
racies in arms.
They are combatants in a different
way than are the great nations and for
many reasons they could not be COM
batants IN any other way. But they are
combatants, just the same, and they
occupy place in the struggle and they
have faith and an enthusiasm no less
intense than the larger cnl1ntrinxO
Evening star., 1943-12-26

Dividends from Allied air power over
Europe are beginning to pyramid.
German war factories disintegrating
beneath thousands of tons of Allied
bombs are, of course. the immediate
objectives, the first payoff.
But the threat of this air power is
bringing into play long-range strategic
factors which will hasten the day when
the Nazi government will have, to say
uncle"
The tipoff on long range strategic
gains comes from Arthur Seyss- -Inquart,
the Austrian Nazi and prototype of
Quislings, now the German leader in
Holland.
He complained recently, in a broad
cast which received scant attention at
the time, that Germany would like to
get out of "the Netherlands, Scandi-
navia and other countries If she knew
that these countries would defend them
selves against Allied invasion or would
do something to prevent the present
passage of Allied planes over their ter
ritories."
Fear AirbaSes.
British quarters in Washington say
Seyss-Inquart thus was admitting that
fear of Allied air power keeps the Nazis
in lot of occupied country they'd like
to leave, knowing that once they left,
Evening star., 1943-12-26

needed job, but to create good will for
America. The job is being done; the
good will is another matter.
Goods of the widest variety are dis
tributed through pool arrangements
known as ''groupements," each of which
deals with different category of mer-
chandise.
Almost every one in Morocco is wear
ing some American article. French
troops have been completely supplied
with American uniforms and equipment
American household items are in shops.
Things such as farm machinery, seeds
and binder twine are on the lease lend
lists.
The French are paying. An American
report on lease-lend for last June showed
that North Africa had paid about $685.
100000 Of $4,000 900 owed. Payments
now total $56, 1000 900.
The goods get through to the ultimate
consumers, but the manner in which
they do so apparently doesn't make for
good feeling.
Black Market Flourishes.
Merchants tell you they have great
difficulty in getting goods unless they
are right" with local politicians. They
agree that a black market flourishes,
that profits all down the line are tre-
mendous, and that many men have be-
come millionaires in this trade.
Arrival of an American convoy usually
means sudden scarcities in the black
market and sharp rise in already high
prices, with the goods brought by the
convoy trickling into the market only at
long last
This, they say, indicates manipulation
after the goods have left American
hands.
How true all this may be is q knotty
question. Complaints "on the record"
(eee LEND-LEAsE, Pags C-3.)
Evening star., 1943-12-26
Problems of DemObilizatiOn
By Barbara Wace,
Associated Press Writer.

LONDON.-Unless Congress provides
benefits for discharged servicemen
there will be another march for a
bonus" 21-year-old war veteran who
lost leg in Tunisia recently told
House Military Affairs Committee in
Washington
"-The men in the foxholes are begin
ming to wonder what they are fighting
for and if it was worth it," he said.
They are concerned with their future
and what Congress is doing for them"
Here in England, tall, gaunt, white
haired Englishman who looks like a
great figure of the Edwardian era is
working on this same tremendous prob
lem, on the ways and means that will
insure that discharged British service
men will decide 'it was worth It,"
He is Sir William Jowitt, minister
without portfolio and spokesman in
Commons for Lord Woolton, who was
recently appointed minister Of recon-
struction. AS Lord Woolton's chief
deputy his task is to aid in balancing
the conflicting demands of different
groups and arrive at a tentive solution
for consideration by the government and
Parliament.
Those With Jobs First.
I'm the last war the people who had
jobs to go to were the first to get
out" Sir William said in an interview
in which he discussed many sides of
the problem without attempting to sug-
gest solutions.
Letting them out of the services was
based on getting industry going as soon
as possible. The plans for demobiliza-
ton, and the variations Of them, were
not based on service needs. and the
effects on the men were bad. This
time things are different, for we shall
have, probably, the Far Eastern war
to finish when we have finished Ger
many"
Sir William has been working on a
demobilization scheme in which the
guiding features were age and length
of service, but he is now reconsidering
it from the point of view not only of
length, but nature and quality Of serv-
ice. Under plan, called the points
system" put forward by the Conserva-
tive Party, each man would be given
points for length of service, age, mill
tary record, value to industry and q
number of other considerations.
There are many difhculties in the
principle Of first in, first out" said
Sir William. I'm the first place many
of those who went into the services
early in the war were then holding
less responsible positions in industry.
The later men have less service, but
these may be just the men that in
dustry wants back first.
Here is the dilemma: On the one
hand the needs of industry for recon-
struction, on the other the claims Of
justice to those who have been longest
in the services, and away from their
homes. Further. any men, through their
long service, will have attained high
degree of military skill, and these
certainly will be needed in the prose-
cution Of the Far Eastern war.
"The balancing of these three fac
tors-justice to men of long service,
the military needs, and the require
ments OF industry-wil be no easy task.
Moreover, the men who are kept to
hight the Far Eastern war to q finish
Evening star., 1943-12-26

'break the power" of the O'Connells.
Correspondingly, his national prestige
could be expected to suffer by failure
to destroy the organization or to loosen
its grip on New York's capital city and
county.
In the possibilities, the situation Is
reminiscent of 1882 when Gov. Franklin
D. Roosevelt, then Democratic nofinee
for President, presided at the proceed
ings for removal of James j. Walker,
Democratic Mayor of New Yo1k City.
The trial of Walker, in the course OF
which he resigned, grew out of a State
Legislature investigation of New York
City affairs. Albany city affairs are
under scrutiny, at Dewey's behest, of
three State departments tax, audit and
control, and law (attorney generaD.
Dewey's declaration Of war pits his
year-old administration against an or
ganization ready and willing to do battle
and still near its vote-getting peak
after more than 20 years of power.
Dewey forces moved first, opening
State investigations into Albany City
voter registration, since expanded into
special grand jury investigation of
crime in Albany County, city property
assessments, municipal finances and all
phases of crime and law enforcement.
Democrats Hit Back.
Democrats struck back with a grand
jury inquiry into spending by commit
tees OF the Republican State Legislature,
upon accomplishments of which Dewey
campaigned, in part, for governor in
1888 and 1912
The Governor, at the request of Re-
publican legislative leaders, took that
inquiry out of the hands of Albany
County's Democratic district attorney,
John T.. Delaney, last Tuesday. Hiram
C.: Todd of New York City was named to
supercede Delaney when Dewey ordered
investigation of the Legislature.
To destroy or seriously to curtail local
Democratic power Dewey must discredit
an organization which has rolled up in
creasing majorities almost constantly
since Its surge to power. 1t scored heav-
lily in local elections In November, de-
spite the investigations and overwhelm-
ing statewide election OF Senator Joe r.
Hanley, Republican, as lieutenant GOV
ernor.
Democratic District Attorney John T.
tses DEWEY, Page o-53
Evening star., 1943-12-26
By Paul Kern Lee.

NEW YORK.-Morocco, after year
as sort of proving ground for Ameri-
can operations to restore a liberated
country to normalcy and prosperity, ap-
pears to be a mixed success. No two
persons on the spot seem to be IN full
agreement on the results.
American lease-lend, American jobs,
relief and the money spent by American
troops are putting this French colony
on it's financial feet in a hurry.
Yet if the intent, above and beyond
military necessities, has been to win
friends, it evidently has not made much
progress.
Various interested parties declare, in
stead, that the management Of Ameri-
can lease-lend has been big factor
in orienting the community away from
America and Americans.
Just how we'll lend-lease works is
highly debatable. Almost every one in
Morocco has his own opinion, depending
on how 1t has affected him.
Yet no one wants to be quoted.
It can only be hoped that lessons have
been learned here which may be profit
ably applied to the larger theater OF
Europe.
Bled White by Nazis.
The Americans arrived in Morocco
last year to find a normally rich coun-
try that had been bled white by the
Nazis. Everything movable or usable
had been drained away to Germany
Even chinaware and kitchen utensils
had disappeared.
Hence the advent OF American lease
lend was particularly welcome. There
was . great opportunity not only to do
Evening star., 1943-12-26
LUMBER POSES PEACE PROBLEM

Larger supplies could be provided by
Africa, but lack of transportation
facilities from tropical forests to oceanic
ports will limit that source.
The huge undeveloped hardwood for
est OF South America may some day
supply world markets with fairly large
quantities of timber or suitable for con.
struction and industrial use. but the
Forest Service says any material in
crease in South American output is
likely to be absorbed for some years to
come by South America itself.
Turning to North America, the serv-
ice says Mexico probably will continue
to draw partly on the United States.
Canada, one of the few major lumber
exporting countries, may be able for
some time to increase it's production.
But the bulk of its surplus output will
60 to Great Britain.
All this means, the service says, that
United States forests are likely to be
under continuing pressure to supply
more than this country's domestic re-
quirements. Yet doubt is expressed as
to the ability of American forests, al
ready seriously affected by destructive
cutting to meet wartime demands, to
supply domestic needs and at the same
time maintain timber reserves for the
future.
"The complexity of the worlds timber
trade and the exigencies of the situation
in war-torn countries post major ques-
tions of national and international pol
icy for the years Immediately following
the war;" says Lyle F. Watts, chief of
the forest service.
"They suggest consideration of inter-
national action to correlate require
ments with supplies and output of tho
various countries in manner which will
best maintain forest productivity"
Watts asserts, however, that it would
/G>> yYHEpNn r.-.
Evening star., 1943-12-26

Renegotiation OF war contracts to pre-
vent excessive profits continues to prove
It's worth.
The figures speak for themselves. Re
negotiation up to September 80 had
eliminated profits of $4,747, ,l76,000. A
little over half of this amount repre-
sents price reductions, the rest has been
paid or is payable to the Government
in cash refunds.
Opponents OF renegotiation have
argued that the capture of exorbitant
profits should be left entirely to the tax
laws. 1t is true that large part of
such profits would reach the Treasury
by this route. But very considerable
has just been completed by the Price
Adjustment Board of the Army and its
associated agencies of the Navy, the
Maritime Commission and the Treasury
shows that about 30 per cent of the
total of $4.747, ,176,000 whitfield out of the
cost of war goods to the Government
in II months would not have been re-
covered through LdxdLlOn.
This 30 per cent net saving to the tax
payers through the rewriting of con-
tracts amounts to 81 ,424,000,000. The
figure may look small by comparison
with the billions being spent for the
war, but it bulks large In the internal
revenue receipts. 1t is, in fact, more
than half of all the Federal income taxes
paid by individuals and corporations in
1910.
What the saving of around billion
and half means to the individual tax
payer may be gathered from the fact
that to raise that amount the Govern
ment would have to increase the tax on
cigarettes from cents to 81 cents a
package, or it would have to raise the
liquor tax from $6 to SIG a gallon, or it
would have to boost the normal indi-
vidual income tax rate from per cent
to 10 per cent, or the combined corpora
ton normal and surtax from 40 per cent
to 54 per cent.
Strong Psychological Reason.
There is strong psychological reason,
too, for curbing profits through contract
renegotiation instead of letting them
pile up for the subsequent attention of the
tax collector. 1t is to the interest Of the
private enterprise system that profits
should be held down at the start-that
not only should war profteering be
avoided, but the ap.~c--'-"'ce of profiteer-
ing. The reali--tion ol this fact by
many inhuStrialists accounts in large
measure for the generally cc-oHerative
attitude of industry toward the leso-
tiators.
Another potent reason for direct and
prompt rather than indirect and de-
layed action against swollen profits is
that the former method holds down
prices. Price rises mean wage increases
Evening star., 1943-12-26

ought not to feel acute anxiety about
their future prospects at home or they
cannot fight as we'll as they will have
to in order to defeat an implacable
enemy. Demobilization Is therefore
bound up with employment questions,
for If we have good employment after
the war, which in its turn depends very
(see DEMOBILIZING, Page C-3J