davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Detroit evening times., 1943-01-05
SCARRY out II plan"


- That will probably go
down the years with other
heroic and last-minute say ngs
of great commanders. 1t vas
the order given by Admiral
Jean de la Borde to the COM
manders of the French fleet in
Toulon Harbor when the Nazis
came into that city.
Garry out B plan" means
scuttle the ships. 'B plan" was
carried out and hundreds of men
went down flying the colors of
France. Better thus to die than
live and crawl before Hitler.
T WAS pleased to see that
L Walter II. Smell of Brown
University, has taken up a
slogan that was first used in
this country on the ascension of
Hitler TO power in 1888. 1t is
"delenda est Germania" ("Gor-
many must be destroyed!D.
This is a paraphrase from
Cato, the famous Roman states
man who after every speech
he made in the Senate thum-
dered "delenda est Carthage"
CCarthage must be de-
stroyed"D.
This is pertinent just now be-
cause TuniSia was where the
Car t h aginian empire was
Sprawled out. It's leader, Hdnni-
bal, threatened Rome. SO force
full was Catos slogan that it
resulted finally in the destruc-
tion of Carthage.
IN 1888 a man in New York
carried on a lone hand
battle against Hitler, demand
ing that a boycott be lald on
German goods and that all
diplomatic and trade relations
with Germany be severed so
long as Hitler was in power.
He had Mrs. Roosevelt Uhe
Presidents m OF her), George
ArliSs and VIII Rogers give up
sailing on German ships.
lie had many articles Of Ger
man manufacture taken out of a
5-and-l0-cent store. obtained the
private endorsement Of Gov
ernor Lehman and worried a
powerful New York newspaper
because II was printing full-page
German-owncd steamship ads.
Besides which, this one-man
boyCotter with a clairvoyant
mind as TO what Hitler would do
If he weren't stopped right in the
beginning wrote in the top left
hand corner OF every private and
business envelope he sent out;
"Delenda est Gcrmania!"
If he had been taken seriously
(and many persons laughed at
him) this war would not have
occurred for If Germany in
1933-1934 had been outlawed in
every way by the L.. s. A., Eng
land and France, Hitler would
have been forced out by the in
dustrial and banking powers Of
Germany.
Now, Al this late day this Slo-
gan OF 1888. "DelcndS cst Ger
mania,' goes up agaH. But do
we meant IL? Are VIC not the
same blind "SoftieS" that We
were in 1888, when the economic
and political power of Germany
Detroit evening times., 1943-01-05
Will Revenge
Blind Peoples
After Victory?
Treaties May Be Drawn,
Mu$f Be Rafified
BY GEO. ROTHWELL BROWN

BY GEO. ROTHNELL BROWN
WE MAY assume, for the sake
W Of argument that this war
viii be terminated by treaty,
or treaties, drawn up around
conference table.
That is not the way the peace
will come according 10 some Of
today's diSquieting signs, but,
for the sake Of the argument, let
US make the assumption.
This means that any treaty,
So far as tho United States is
concerned. must be submitted by
whoever may be president at
the time, of whatever party, TO
the United States Senate, for
its confirmation or rejection as
il may see fit, under the Con-
stitution.
Thus any discussion today as
10 whether there IS to be a per-
mauent United Nations or not,
so far as America is concerned,
must be set down as wholly
academic in character.
Therefore lei us-fetrtt II. and
concentrate upon The actual
physical toll and suffering OF
winning the war
The Senate which some day
will be called upon 10 decide
whether or not the United
States is TO Submerge some
thing of IFS identity and its SOW
ereignty into a United Nations"
may be the Senate as at pres
ent constituted, or II may be
the Senate as II shall be after
the elections Of 1914.
IN EITHER event the ratifica-
ton of any treaty. or any
scheme TO establish a United
Nations, must be a tWo-thirds
vote Of that body
Since it is highly improbable
that even the present Senate
would ratify such a blueprint"
Of universal UtopianiSm as
Henry Wallace has been present.
ing, and since the new Senate,
one-third Of whose new member
ship must be elected two years
hence, is completely and totally
unknown quantity as Of today,
what earthly good can be accom-
plished by premature speculation
of highly controversial char
aCter?
To consider only Europe alone
for a moment, the settlements
TO follow the victory will not be
determined today by American
politicians, however full of zeal
and prunes they may be.
When France feels the fetters
falling from her limbs, she will
not wait TO listen TO a radio
address or read an article by
Mr.. Wallace in a Sunday sup
plement.
She will probably hit out with
all her might for revenge. Her
people will track down the muir
derers and thieves who have out
ragged and despoiled them.
Virtually the whole industrial
wealth of France has been looted
and carried off into Germany.
This property must be recov-
cred.
There will be slaves and cap
tiveS 10 set free, families TO be
reunited IN so far as they ever
can be reunited on this earth.
TO THIS writer it seems highly
Il probable that the people of
France will be far more inter-
ested in the attainment of these
ends than in building another
Norris Dam on the Lower Zam-
bezl or establishing milk route
In the Congo Basin.
This writer believes that the
tortured peoples of liberated
Europe will be far more inter-
cSted in diSarming Germany. and
tearing her politically limb from
Detroit evening times., 1943-01-05
Victory Tax's
Early Start
Plain Larce eny
Morgenthau Expediency
Doctrine an Outrage
BY WESTBROOK PEGLER

CECRETARY OF the Treasury
~ Morgenthau is sensitive 10
aspersions on the ethics and
fairness of his income tax re-
viewers, who are, as has been
observed before, masters OF a
repertoire of sly and shady
shyster tricks OF Interpretation.
having the color, If not the odor,
of legality.
The controversy began sew
eral years ago when President
Roosevelt asked Congress 10
plug certain loopholes in the
revenue law and personally pill
loried a list of individual citi-
zens who happened to oppose
some of his policies, for the Of
fense Of complying with the law.
1t was then retorted that the
treasury itself, through its re-
viewing agents with their pow
ers of Interpretation and disal-
lowance, was expert in tax
trickery. and after some con-
vincing publicity on that point
Mr.. Morgenthau warned his men
TO refrain from bull-dozing this
profitable class of citizens and
invited the citizens TO report
-stict conduct to hIr1.
That may have civilized the
reviewers. many OF whom had
regarded themselves as agents
of secret terror, but a current
incident proves that they got
their inspiration from the top.
Detroit evening times., 1943-01-05
Science Finds
Electric Wave
Due to Sleep
Also Discovers Actual
Definition Of Sleep
By GOBIND BEHARI LAL

By GOBIND BEHARI LAL
International News Service Science Editor
I IGHF is cast upon the "elec-
- trical machine" inside the
living brain which causes sleep
by the results OF new investiga-
tionS.
Prof. Frederick A. Gibbs Of
the Boston City Hospital and
Prof. John r. Knott of the Uni
versity of Iowa collaborated in
exploring the secrets of sleep by
means of electrical apparatus.
Human beings were examined
during sleep
From the head of a sleeping
person come out special kinds Of
electrical wave signals. Records
of these signals were subjected
10 a new kind Of mathematical
investigation by the two scien-
fists. noted for their contribu-
tionS TO this kind OF scientific
research.
One of the results Of the new
study was the theory stated by
the scientists thus:
"Sleep Is condition caused
by the activity of certain bio
electrical generators"
IN PLAIN words. the brain
l. contains certain machines. "
consisting Of particular brain
cells. that produce surgeS OF
electrical energy. These electri-
cal waves or currents spread out
within the brain, affecting bill
lions OF other brain cells.
The sleep signals are pc
cular type of electrical i'm
pulses, characterized by definite
rhythms. They set the pace for
the rhythmic electrical pulsa-
tions Of the other brain cells.
Thus the condition Of sleep
occurs.
Now, this Is only part Of the
explanation OF what occurs in
sleep. Doctors Gibbs and Knott
found that in sleep the brains
electrical wave prints are not
entirely different from those of
waking: there are different COM
binations of the basically SIM
liar wave patterns.
Both explanations must be
combined for a real understand
ing Of sleep: That there might
be a special machinery for gen
Grating electrical currents that
produce sleep: that there are
certain alterations Of the cur
rents produced in the normal
waking state
THE new research Is expected
Il 70 aid in the solution Of
three types Of problems Of con-
siderable Importance for human
health and efficiency.
An accurate diagnosis can be
made of sleep, as compared with
condition of unconSciousneSs
due 10 some ailment or injury.
Normal sleep can be distin-
guiShed from hypnosis and alb
normal sleep.
Possibly. the chemical and
other conditions of the brain at
different ages could be investi-
gated. Thus, for example. the
process of aging of the brain
might be learned by measuring
the changes in the sleep signals
of normal persons.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1943-10-09
Continued from Last Week.

well, I wanted to be in the army
once"
why didn't you join?"
Hell. it's a Jim Crow army. All
they want black man for is to
dig bitches. And in the navy, all /
can do is wash dishes and scrub
floors
And was there anything else
you wanted to do?"
"Oh, I don't know. What's the
use now? I'm through, washed up.
They got me. I'll die"
Tell me the things you thought
you'd have liked TO do"
I'D like to be in business. But
what chance has a black guy got
in business? We amt got no money.
We don't own no mines, no rail-
roads, no nothing. They don't want
us to. They make us stay in one
| little spot
And you didn't want to stay
there?"
Bigger glanced up; his lips
| tightened. There was a feyerish
pride in his bloodshot eyes.
81 didn't" he said.
Max stared and sighed.
Look Bigger, you've told me the
things you could not do. But you
did something. You committed
these crimes. You killed two wom-
en-. What on earth did you think
{ IF
Bigger rose and rammed his
hands into his pockets. He leaned
against the wall, looking Vacantly.
Again he forgot that Max was in
the room.
st don't know Maybe this sounds
crazy. Maybe they going to burn
me in the electric chair for feeling
this way. But I amt worried none
about them women I killed. For a
! little while I was free. [ was dong
something. It was wrong, but l was
! feeling all right. Maybe God'H get
me for it. If He do, all right. But
! 7 amt worried. / killed 'em because
/ | was scared and mad. But | been
scared and mad all my life and af-
/ ter I killed that first woman, l
wasn't scared no more for little
1 while"
What was you afraid OFF,
/ 1Everything,P he breathed and
buried his face in his hands.
Did you ever hope for anything,
Bigger
"What for? couldn't get it. I'm
/ black, he mumbled.
Didn't you ever want to be hap
py?"
yeah, I guess So" he said,
Strengthening.
How did you think you could be
happy?"
81 don't know. I wanted to do
things. But everything / wanted to
! do I couldn't do"
But still you wanted to be
happy?"
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1943-10-09
NATIV SON
By RICHARD WRIGHT

Yeah, sure. Everybody wants to
be happy, l reckon"
Did you ever think you would
be?"
II don't know just went to bed
at night and got up in the morn
ing. just lived from day to day. I
thought maybe I would be-
"How?"
Il don't know he said in a voice
that was almost a moan
What did you think happiness
would be like?i
IT don't know, Itswouldn't be like
this"
you ought to have some idea of
what you wanted, Bigger"
We'll, MIR. Max, If / was happy
l wouldn't always be wanting to do
something l know I couldn't do"
And why did you always want
TOP"
Il couldn't help it. Everybody
feels that way, l reckon. And l did
too. Maybe l would've been all right
If I could've done something /
wanted to do. I wouldn't be scared
then. Or mad, maybe. I wouldn't be
always hating folks; and maybe I'd
feel at home, sort of"
did you ever 60 to the South
Side Boys Club, the place where
Mr.. Dalton sent those ping-pong
J tables?"
Yeah: but what the hell can a
guy do with ping -pong?"
do you feel that that club kept
you out of trouble?"
Bigger cooked his head.
Kept me out of trouble?" he re-
peated Maxs words. Nav: that's
where we planned most of our
jobs"
Did you ever go to church, Big
ger?"
Yeah, they went to church all
the time"
Why did you stop going?"
Il didn't like it. There was moth
ing in it, AW, all they did was sing
and shout and pray all the time.
And It didn't get EN- nothing. All
the colored folks do that, but it
don't get 'em nothing. The white
folks got everything
did you ever feel happy in
church?'
Nav. ] didn't want to. Nobody
but poor folks get happy in
church"
Again, Bigger's eyes lit with a
bitter and feverish pride
Il amt that poor" he said.
But Bigger, you said that if
you were where people did not hate
you and you did not hate them, you
could be happy. Nobody hated you
in church. Couldn't you feel a
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1943-10-09

= Most of the murders, he says, are
committed by Negroes against 9TH
er Negroes, but the protests OF
aroused citizens and a militant
press have stirred the city to ac-
ton. Mayor Gordon B. Amber APP
pointed a special committee to
study the problem and make rec
ommendation for its alienation.
The committee, composed of four
prominent white and three out
standing Negro leaders led by Will
liam II. Christian, managing edi-
tor of the Richmond News Ledger,
found after six months of probing
that "37 of Richmond's A murders
in 1912 were killings of Negroes by
Negroes"
FIVE SHOW DECREASE
The study proports to be typical
of most cities in the south since
our independent study of other
communities was also made. Only
five of the larger cities showed a
decrease in murders under 1941
figures and in only three, Knox
vile, Jacksonville, and Atlanta, was
the decline significant.
According to the findings, poor
educational and housing facilities
plus the economic determinations
visited upon the Negro are almost
wholly responsible for existing con-
ditions.
Certain members were assigned
to visit the homes in Jackson Ward
where most of the Negro murders
took place, stated Fitzpatrick. "E,v-
cry city in the south has its Jack
son Ward, the ramshackle, dirty.
dark congeSted regions where Me-
groeS live. Common-laW marriages
are common indeed Legitimate
children swarm the alleys and
crime flourishes magot-like in the
darkness"
SLAYINGS IN SLUMS
From the standpoint of environ
ment 10 cases originated in the slum
area, Is in very poor, unsanitary,
dilapidated houses, two in homes
above the average, and only two
III homes owned by participants.
Members of the committee were
shocked and appalled, at the over
crowded, insanitary, and unsafe
conditions under which most of
these people live"
Another contributing factor to
the high murder rate in the south
is the laxity exercised by city Off
Gals in prosecuting Negro homi-
cides. Negroes think and place re-
sponsibility squarely on the should
ers of local administrations.
The committe, states Fitzpatrick.
made 10 strong recommendation
including the controversial one Of
hiring Negro policemen and women
to work among Negroes. Housing
and recreationa1 facilities equal
court Justice, and adequate educa-
tlonaI opportunities were other
suggestions made to city fathers to
Improve conditions.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1943-10-09

home there?"
Il wanted to be happy IN this
world, not out of it. didn't want
that kind of happiness. The white
folks like for us to be religious,
then they can do what they want
to with u.s."
"A little while ago you spoke Of
God getting you for killing those
women. Does that mean you believe
in Him?"
II don't know"
Aren't you afraid of whatll hap
pen to you after you die?"
NAV But ! don't want to die"
Didn't you know that the penal
ty for killing that white woman
would be death?"
Yeah; knew 1t. But I felt like
she was killing me, SO ! didn't
care"
IF you could be happy in reli-
gion now, would you want to be?"
Nav I'll be dead soon enough.
If l was religious, I'd be dead
now"
But the church promises eternal
life"
That's for whipped folks"
'You don't feel like you've had
chance, do you?'
Ito Be Continued Next Week.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1943-10-09

WASHINGTON, d. Ca N p
Pointing to the plan of action
laid out by the United Automobile
Works. for combating race dis
elimination, George l.. p. Weaver,
administrator of the CIO Anti
Discrimination committee declared
at the Congress for Industrial Or
ganization has been and intends to
remain in the forefront of those
elements opposing discrimination,
both within and outside of the
ranks of labor.
Weaver was referring to the
September issue of Ammunition" .
official publication of the education
department of the auto workers
international union, of which r..
j. Thomas is President, which lays
down specific conference program
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1943-10-09
Urge Passage
OF Fair Racial
Practice Act
Would Improve
Relations,
Delegates Say

NEW YORK-(A N P)--Repre-
sentatives from labor organizations
educational and civic groups met
here last week in a conference
and urged in a resolution the pas.
sage by congress Of a Fair Racial
Practice act to improve race re-
lations in the nation. The meeting
was sponsored by the Social Demo-
cratic Federation of America.
Said Matthew M. Levy, former
municipal court justice and candl~
date for the supreme court on the
Democratic and American Labor
party tickets, The great challenge
to international labor today is not
alone a challenge to its wartime
ingenuity and effort i'll producing
the instruments of war; it Is a
challenge to labor'S ability to es-
tablish the full equality OF labor at
home abroad and tc wipe off the
books all prejudice and discrimina-
zion directed against anyone be-
cause of color, religion or country
of origin. Labor cannot profess
allegiance to democracy on an III"
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1943-10-09
Race Prejudice
Durable Says
Digest spoil
Majority Seeks
Means to Halt
Hate Tension
By WALLACE LEE

CHICAGO-(A N P)-Most Anne
ricans. white and black. belleVe
that race prejudice can be wiped
out through intelligent government
legislation and patient education.
This is the result of the Negro
Digest poll for october conducted
bv that magazine, published IN
Chicago at 1907 S. Parkway.
Despite belligerent minority
that believes that racial differences
and resultant discrimination Is
mart of the American way OF
life" the majority of both races
feel that hatreds based on color
should and can be cured.
The poll canvassed opinions from
coast to coast on the all-important
question:
us race prejudice cursble?"
The results vert:
Yes-Negroes, 81 percent; Whites
70 percent.
No-Negroes, z percent; Whites,
is percent.
Undecided-Negroes, 2 percent;
Whites, II percent.
The concensus of opinions among
Negroes showed Overwhelming
confidence that prejudice can be
ended but sentiment varied sharp
" as to method. A large group
expressed doubt as to whether edu-
cation was the way, favoring in
stead vigorous government action
to crack down on discrimination
Many of these pointed to Soviet
Russia as an example of What
could be done by strong laws
against racial hate. The pro-edu-
cation group was found largely in
the south which felt that both
races needed schooling on the Ne
gro question.
The sectional vote among Ne
groeS was:
North-Yes, 80 percent; No, 3
percent; Undecided, Z percent.
West-Yes, SO percent; No, ! per-
cent; Undecided percent.
South-Yes, 80 percent; No,
percent: Undecided, 2 percent.
The feeling among whites was
overwhelmingly that education was
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1943-10-09

soon. Should / marry the on
that has been married, the one In
supporting, the single one, or tn
father of the child, or must | sta
single? What shall ! do?
Ans: There is no choice.
marry the father of your child
if he is willing to assume this
responsibility. At least, you will
be doing your duty by the
child. Girls make grave mis-
takes by playing men against
each other in daring reckless
manner. The results are more
often than not, unfortunate to
the girl herself. If you marry
this man, remember one thing
you will be indebted to him
forever for his loyalty i'm stand
ing by you at such time.
Show him your appreciation
by being devoted and faith
full mate.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1943-10-09
Indicate CIO Intends To
Press Fight For Tolerance

article begins. It's proposal for
stimulating local action is the
"one-day conference, union-wide,
city-wide, or regional.
The conference is called not
for the purpose of arguing about
the unions stand on the question,
which is clear and unequivocal,"
the organ continues, but for the
purpose of planning concerted
efforts to remove particular "bot-
tlenecks and to develop the educa-
ton of the whole membership and
the community at large"
The proposal goes into some de-
tail as to how to go about arrang-
ing conferences and achieving the
desired end all within the frame
Wrk of democratic processes.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1943-10-09

a slow but sure method to attain
the goal of tolerance. Many said
that actual working and living
with Negroes would aid greatly in
putting a halt to much discrimi-
nation. In the south, however,
many whites resented the way the
question was put. A large number
angrily asserted that segregation
was here to stay and was in no
sense durable" The sectional vote
showed:
North-Yes, 81 percent; No, z
percent: Undecided, II percent.
West-Yes, IS percent; No, 81
percent; Undecided, 8 percent.
South-Yes, AZ percent; No. 81
percent; Undecided, 81 percent.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1943-10-09
When you're choosing a laxative
these Questions are important

Cues. Should you choose your
laxative for thoroughness, prompt
ness, or general satisfactoriness?
Ans. You should look for all three
qualities. Cues. What laxative has
been a really popular favoiite with
four generations because it usually
Is prompt, thorough, and Eatisfac-
tory, when directions are followed?
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1943-10-09

Ans, Good old Black-Draught. Cues.
Is k-Draught easy to take?
Ans. You bet! Particularly in the
new graduated form. -,
Black-Draught is purely herbal.
Economical, too-25 to 40 doses only
25cl Caution, use only as directed.
Get this friendly laxative in the
familiar yellow box today.
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1943-10-09

ternational scale while at the sain,.
time hedging these professions
with qualifications or restricting
It's actions because of prejudices
within its own ranks
A message from the Rev Francis
j. Haas, chairman of the Presi-
dents Committee on Fair Employ
ment Practice states that race
prejudice and racial conflict are
wrong at any time, but especially
dangerous now to the success of
the war efforts"
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1943-10-09
Discrimination
First Target Of
Union Officials

based upon the Detroit experience.
Faced with the responsibility
and necessity for strong union
action to prevent further disgrace
full occurrences such as the
instructions In Los Angeles, De-
troit, and New York, leaders every
where must find means to attack
the pecific local sources of dis
elimination as well as INTENSITY
the broader battle against igno-
rance and prejudice" the unsigned
Jackson advocate. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1939-current, 1943-10-09
Seek Solution To Problem Of Murder
OfNegroes By NegroesIn The South
Only Five Cities
Indicate Decrease

NEW YORK = CAMP - That steps being taken
lower the high murder rate in the deep south indicated
in commentary study of homicides by civic
mttee at Richmond, Va, James Fitzpatrick, Virginia
newspaperman writing in the October issue of Survey
Graphic Murder in the Deep South declares that the
death by killing the cities the south is far greater
than that of other American cities