davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1943-12-14
Constantine Br01Vu

between the Bulgarian forces and those
OF the Moscow sponsored Partisans.
Whether the strong pro- Russian feeling
OF the Bulgartans will play In favor of
the Partisans Is q question which rouses
good deal OF interest In military quar-
ters In Washington.
The reports about pending dramatic
developments in Bulgaria which might
get that country out of the war are
received with reserve in well-informed
quarters That the Bulgars will desert
their present associates when Allied
forces reach the borders Of their country
Is beyond doubt. But 1t is highly i'm
probable that they will take a chance
while Russian and Anglo American
troops are still hundreds Of miles away.
~
The bulk OF the Bulgarian population
lives In hamlets and villages. There is
only one large town-Sofia, the capital.
Its population is less than 1000. The
rest OF the cities are under 10000. The
rural character OF the country renders
air bombardments rather unimportant
as lar as the morale Of the country is
concerned. Militarily Sofia is important
because 1t Is the main railroad junction
between east and west. But the Allies
have little hope OF seriously tmpairing
the morale Of Bulgaria by bombing the
capital
Until decisions regarding a Balkan
operation by an Allied force take some
definite shape. 1t is highly unlikely that
ANYTHING dramatic can develop there
unless the Nazis themselves feel that
they must take the initiative and move
q Bulgarian German force through
Thrace into Istanbul
Evening star., 1943-12-14

and those who have missed this have
missed the chief point OF Teheran.
Teheran does not offer the Germans
q way out. But 1t Is too early in the
game to offer the Germans a wav out.
The Germans are not yet quite sure
they need a way out. Teheran tells the
Germans that they are in terrible fix.
That Is why Teheran is real and why
Its critics are so many dancing shadows
on the wall. Fourteen points would not
impress the Germans, for they have
conquered a continent and are still not
hungry. You cannot buy with a quar-
ter the man who has dollar. Teheran
shows the Germans that they do not
have dollar: it tells them to look at
1t again, and they will see that 1t is
counterfeit.
Teheran is power operation not a
piece OF salesmanship. 1 have been
amazed to see a number of Americans
dash their hats angrily to the ground,
ana stamp upon them, because Teheran
forsooth did not announce a complete
political future for Europe, preferably In
technicolor.
Their objection to Teheran is that It
was not slick. 1t did not have to be
slick. 1t was strong Even the famous
botch that was made OF releasing the
news OF the Teheran communioue is nv
Idea OF good 2-cent issue: worth men
Evening star., 1943-12-14

occupied by the troops of the two COM
mands, and it is considerably more than
that between any two areas where their
forces are in active operation.
There has been some half baked talk
about putting the two under one COM
mander, or about Admiral Mountbat.
ten Overlapping" into Gen. MacAr-
thurs territory, but these ideas hardly
correspond with the geographical facts.
Nor do they correspond with the politi-
cal and administrative facts either.
Lord Mountbatten's ground forces are
almost entirely composed of Anglo-In-
dian troops, with few Chinese and
with both British and American air
support; his naval forces will be British
in their entirety as far as is now known.
He is operating from India and Ceylon
as bases, and his lines of overseas sup
ply come through the Mediterranean
Sea from the British Isles and the At
lantic ports of the United States.
Gen. Macarthur has American, Aus
tralian and New Zealand troops and air
forces. His naval forces are almost en-
tirely American, with some Australian
support. He is operating from Aus
tralia and New Zealand as bases, under
specific agreements between the gov
ernments concerned. His overseas lines
OF supply come across the Pacific Ocean
from the Pacific ports Of the United
States, ana are protected By the United
Evening star., 1943-12-14

cannot yet get at; rather, our purposes
must be to push closer, to wear out
the Japanese air power, naval power
and merchant shipping, to bring relief
to China, and to get ready for the day
when, with Germany defeated. the
whole attention Of the United Nations
may be turned to the Japanese. It is
particularly important right now to
prevent the Japanese from using their
central position to switch air forces
and naval forces from one front to
another. Thus If the Japanese are
reinforcing their air power in the Mar
shall Islands, as Is now reported, then
that Is the time for the RAF and the
American 10th Air Force in India to
undertake vigorous air offensives against
the japanese In Burma, and thus either
cash in on Japanese air weakness in
that theater, or force them to recall
some of the extra planes from the Mar
shalls, for it is beginning to be very
plain that the Japanese do not have
enough air power to go around and to
meet all Of their various and increasing
defensive responsibilities. This Is one
example Of why better laison between
the various forces operating against
Japan is now essential. When we are
as close to Toxic as we are to Berlin,
then 1t will be time to begin to talk of
q single command for tho Far East
such q command rs We appear to bs
about to create for the European thea.
ter Of operations.
tcopyrisht 1o4s bv New Yoek Irib'ms, lns1
Evening star., 1943-12-14

attempt in 1912 made sure the election
OF a Democrat, Woodrow Wilson. So
strongly were the Republicans in
trenched In 1924 and 50 badly split the
Democrats that the La Toilette candi-
dacy had no real effect on the election
that year.
Mr.. Willkie has great many admirers
IN this country. He made an excellent
run against Democratic party as
strongly 1ntrenched In 1910 as was the
Republican party In 1924. But that he
would nave any greater success in 1914
as the head OF third party than did
theodore Roosevelt in 1912 is open to
serious doubt. How many Republicans
would follow him out Of their party no
one knows-but with the Republicans
apparently having real chance for vic
tory the surmise is that they would not
be many. As far as the Democrats are
concerned the great mass of them
would stick by their own party. The
most that he could accomplish, appar-
entity, would be to bring about a re-elec.
ton OF President Roosevelt II the Presi-
dent should run for fourth term, And
1t might not work that way.
Judging from expressions by Repub-
licans leaders in Washington. a threat
by the Willkieites to form a third party
II their man is not nominated would
lessen Mr. Wilkes chances for the Re-
publican nomination rather than in
crease them.
The Senate elections subcommittee
to which was referred the LANCER reso-
luton for an inquiry into charges made
against Mr.. Willkie in the book, One
Man-Wendell Willkie," has decided to
postpone its consideration until after
the flrst OF the year. Mr.. Willkie has
of1ered to appear before the committee
to answer the charges of irregularities
IN his nomination at the PHILADELPHIA
convention In 1910. Chairman Kilgore
OF West Virginia and other members of
the committee indicated that they did
Evening star., 1943-12-14
Violated Stamps

The depravity of fanatical Jap-
anese imperialists has been demon
strated so many times that no fur
ther proof of it is necessary. Yet
1t is worth mentioning that japan
IS the first nation in history to
employ the legitimate postage
stamps of another country for
vicious propaganda purposes.
Briefly, what has happened is this:
When the Japs took Manila they
found there certain stocks of postal
adhesives which had been manufac-
tured in the Bureau of Engraving
and Printing in Washington for the
Philippine Commonwealth. Among
those stamps were an unknown
quantity of copies of an especially
beautiful issue of 1935-a double
size four-centavo label showing a.
Filipino woman and a carabao or
buffalo. Presumably by order of
the highest military authorities then
IN control of the city, the seized
stamps were insultingly overprinted:
Congratulations: Fall of Bataan
and Corregidor:: 1912"
Other issues, as reported in The
Star Sunday, were similarly abused.
A careful check of SCOTS Stand
ard Postage Stamp Catalogue.
the encyclopaedia of philately,"
discloses no comparable violation
since postal adhesives first were
manufactured more than a century
ago. True enough, Italy brought out
new stamps, adorned with portraits
of King Victor Emmanuel. for
Abyssinia and Albania after the con-
quest of those countries; but no
effort was made to circulate de-
faced copies of the regular issues
OF Abyssinia and Albania. During
the First World War, Germany over
printed both her own and some
Belgian stamps for distribution in
occupied parts Of Belgium. The
British and the French forces which
captured the German colonies
Cameroons for instance - were
Evening star., 1943-12-14
Samuel Grafton

tioning, but not worth losing ones mind
over. History will record that on
certain day the worlds three greatest
powers came together and clamped Ger
many In wise. The mishandling of the
announcement Of this great event will
never make the books.
We have here spectacle which should
appeal to our strongest emotions of ter
ror and awe. For the communiuue trans
fers the debate over the future of Ger
many to the Germans. 1t may occur to
them now that if nobody else cares about
their futures, they had better begin to
care. Teheran can be either the BEGIN
ming OF death for the Germans. or the
beginning of wisdom and the choice is
theirs.
The struggle has been moved nakedlv
into a bare arena, as unadorned as the
surface of the moon. The sides have
been picked, the weapons chosen: and
the time has been set.
To object that we have not, In addi-
ton, made use Of those tactics which
are better employed in selling refrig-
orators is to miss the real meaning of
Teheran. There is nothing fake about
Teheran. It's propaganda value lies in
Its truth in the fact that it must con-
vince the Germans of the reality Of
their predicament. 1t has been done
unsmilingly. It needed no simper
Evening star., 1943-12-14
G0Hld Lincoln

not wish to hold such an Investigation
unless they were assured there is sub
stance back Of the charges Therefore
the committee will ask Senator LANCER
Republican, of North Dakota to appear
before 1t and say what he knows about
the charges. Further, the committee
Is likely to send investigators to see
G. Nelson Sparks, author OF the book,
IN an effort to find out what, If any,
facts he has upon which to base the
charges made in "One Man"
Members OF the Senate committee say
frankly they do not wish to have the
committee made sounding board for
political speeches, either for or against
Mr.. Willkie. The Democrats on the
committee certainly have no particular
interest in tearing down Mr.. Willkie
at this time. If he should turn out
to be the Republican nominee for Presi-
dent, they probably would not be so
tender with him later The Republican
members of the committee are Senators
Austin OF Vermont and Bridges of New
Hampshire, both of whom have been
friendly to Mr.. Willkie in the past.
1t Is quite apparent that the Willkie
candldacy Tor the Republican presiden-
tial nomination is not to be brushed
of easily-no matter how violently the
anti-Willkie Republicans may feel Mr..
Wilkie is resourceful and a fighter.
He has unfortunately for himself made
considerable number of enemies in
the party-and unnecessarily. It NAV
be pointed out that President Roose-
velt has made many enemies in the
Democratic party. too, but that he has
succeeded In having himself renomi-
mated twice in the past and likely can
do so again. There is this difference.
Democrats have gone along with Mr..
Roosevelt, despite their opposition to
some OF the New Deal policies because
they regarded him as a sure winner.
Republicans who do not agree with Mr..
Willkie, on the other hand, fear that
he cannot be elected If nominated.
Evening star., 1943-12-14
Marvin McIntyre

There are few men who have the
blessed faculty Of radiating a sort
of ethereal sunshine wherever they
60 through life and of leaving, with
those whose paths they cross. an
impression Of pleasant warmth and
cheer. Marvin Mcintyre was one
Of them. The same qualities which
endeared him to so many friends
for so many years in Washington
made him an ideal aide to the Presi-
dent. He was gay and debonair
wherever he went or whatever he
did, whether it was fighting illness
that sapped his strength through
long, lonely days in a hospital bed,
or whether 1t was working under
pressure at his desk in the White
House, smoothing ruff1ed feelings,
untying troublesome knots of red
tape or delicately putting to rights
something that had gone awry. His
was the sort OF selfless loyalty that
asked only loyalty in return. He
lived full and happy life, wrapped
up in his family, loving people and
good things and good times, never
thinking Of quitting. always plan
ming when he would be strong and
well again. Spiritually, at least,
death found him with his boots on
and no doubt he went out of life with
the smile on his lips and the laughter
in his eyes that his friends will re-
member whenever they think of
Mac"
Evening star., 1943-12-14
A Poor Substitute

ALT M. Landon, former COP stand
ard bearer, has taken the position
that it would be unfair to the Amer
lean people for the Republican and
Democratic parties to adopt Identical
foreign-policy planks without an
agreement "as to the exact wording
of the plank-agreement as to every
word and every comma"
Furthermore, Mr.. Landon says,
there would have to be agreement
as to just what these words mean
and they must mean exactly the
same thing to both parties and not
be subject to a different interpreta-
ton. With these conditions satisfied
and in event of an extreme" ma
tional emergency, theiormer Kansas
Governor would be willing to elm
mate American foreign policy as a
campaign issue in the forthcoming
election.
What Mr.. Landon is doing here is
to set up conditions precedent to an
agreement on foreign policy which
in all probability cannot be met. If
he has his way the party platforms
will not contain Identical foreign
policy planks. This is discouraging,
primarily because it is suggestive of
determination on Mr.. Landon's
part to make partisan issue of
foreign policy If it is at all possible
to do so.
There is no particular virtue nor
any special merit in identical planks.
The two parties need not reach an
agreement as to every word and
comma, and all of the implications
thereof. But there ought to be no
great difficulty in coming to sub
stantial agreement on the procedures
most likely to lead this country and
the world to a secure peace. Slowly
but surely the President is working
in that direction. He has at least
the broad outlines of a real program
AS one reads Mr.. Landon's words, it
Is difficult to find in them anything
more than purely negative opposi-
tion-a very poor substitute.
Evening star., 1943-12-14
Maj. George Fielding Eliot

States Pacific Fleet under Admira,
Nimitz, whose forces are carrying on an
offensive Of their own.
1t Is difficult enough to provide for
adequate cooperation between Lord
Mountbatten and the Chinese command
on the one hand, and to provide for
adequate naval cooperation for Gen.
Macarthur on the other, while leaving
Admiral Nimitz sufficient freedom of
action to enable him to deal with anv
sudden Japanese naval thrust, without
further complicating the whole vast sys-
tenn OF command by attempting to an
point joint commander over both
Mountbatten's and MacArthurs areas.
which in effect would just mean putting
one additional echelon of command in
between these active commanders and
the combined chiefs of staff at WASH
lngton. whose proper task and RESPONSE
blllty 1t is to coordinate their efforts.
But that coordination may properly
be supplemented by system of direct
liaison between the two Headquarters.
and such liaison is best carried out by
visits Of commanders or senior staff Off
~~NS' ~AAN NJ GA CASAoAA6C VI AdLSOI1
GERS periodically relieved and replaced
by others with fresher knowledge of con-
ditions and of changes in the situation.
Obviously, just as the Teheran con-
ference paid its respects to the need for
closer haison between the Anglo Amer
lean combined chiefs of staff and tho
Russian high command for co-ordinated
blows against Germany, so now that It
begins to be possible to strike co-ordi-
mated blows against Japan there must be
an adequate means to obtain that CO.
ordination. In the case Of Germany.
where the Allies are closing In on d.
minishing German territory, the co-or-
dination must be very close, and geosra-
ply permits this to be done almost to
the extent OF establishing a single COM
mand, or at least single staff for GER
tain aspects Of strategical teamwork.
+ X
In the case Of Japan, where the fac
tor Of distance is still paramount, the
immediate objective Of the Allies can
not be to crush the japanese main
forces and centers Of power, which ~
Evening star., 1943-12-14

forms the overwhelming portion Of the
population.
There Is no such thing - m ideoloRy
among the masses Of Bulgarian peas
antry. For many generations Russia
was known to these simple people Is
Holy Russia" regardless of whether it
was governed by q czar or president
Of the Peoples Supreme Council.
The Nazis In connivance with q group
Of politicians forced the Bulgarian gov
ernment to join them. The Bulgars
stuck to this association principally be-
cause 1t offered some territorial COM
pensations from the traditionally 'chated
neighbor." All neighbors In the Balkans
are "traditionally hated"
II the Russian armies were anywhere
near the Bulgarian border all the ru-
mors received In the last few days about
Bulgarian desertion would appear loRi-
cal. But the Russians are still q good
way from Bulgaria and the Germans
have . substantial force to keep their
associates in line.
y II
From all available reports the six or
seven Bulgarian divisions which have
been sent to Yugoslavia and Greece to
replace the Italians are In good trim
and far more able to do the police lob
assigned to them than Mussolini's men,
In fact the hatred Of the Bulears for
the Greeks and the Serbs is much
stronger than that shown by the Italian
troops.
Bulgarian soldiers are handling the
situation In the occupied territories with
greater firmness than the Italians. So
lar there are no reports Of any encounter
Evening star., 1943-12-14

guided by the same practical prin-
ciple in adapting German stamps.
In the Boer War the postal ennis
sions Of the Orange Free State were
overprinted "V. r. L." meaning "Vic-
toria Queen Empress" The Polish
republic made a convenience of
Austrian stamps in 1918. A few
Cuban stickers were overprinted by
an American postal official at
Puerto Principe in December, 1898.
But never was the essential in
tegrty OF postage stamp trans
gressed for propaganda until the
japanese stopped to such barbarism
at Manila last year. Specimens Of
the issues they marred came to
America on the Gripsholm a few
days ago. They will be preserved
for future reference.
Evening star., 1943-12-14
BruziI to the Front

The arrival in Algiers Of a Brazil
Ian staff group termed an advance
reconnaissance party" of a strong
eXpeditionary force for service in
Africa or Europe is an event of both
military and political Importance.
General Mascarenhas, the head OF
the mission, said that Brazilians are
eager to do their share towards the
defeat of the common enemy and
continued, Brazil, in view of her
agreements, has turned toward war
spontaneously, and so has the
army" While the exact size of the
projected Brazilian eXpeditionary
force has naturally not been dis
closed, the understanding is that it
will be a strong one, including
ground forces and air force units.
This action did not come as
surprise. 1t had been foreshadowed
by recent statement of the Bra
lillian Minister of War, General
Dutra, that Brazil is mot interested
in sending a symbolic force abroad.
We are going to send strong air
and ground force overseas to fight
against our enemy, Germany"
From every aspect, Brazil's emer-
gence as an active participant in
the Eurafrican war theater is not
able, It's war potential is high
Brazil is a vast country, covering
approximately one-half of the entire
South American continent and is
actually larger than the continental
United States by an area the size of
Texas. It's population is today es-
timated to exceed fifty millions, and
since great areas rich in natural
resources are still virgin wilderness,
its possibilities for economic de-
velopment and population increase
are incalculable. Brazils normal
peacetime regular army has been
about 100000 officers and men, to
which should be added a still larger
number of State troops similar to
our National Guard units. Under
the Vargas regime process of Fed
eralization had welded the entire
military anq naval establishment
into a more unified and efficient
organization. Brazil has taken a
leading part in the program of Pan
American solidarity against Axis
aggression and has benefited from
lend-lease in many ways. Though
details are naturally military Sc
crets, her army, navy and air force
are known to have been enlarged
and re-equipped with materiel from
the United States. Brazil's ability to
send powerful expeditionary force
overseas is thus self-evident. This
force will be a separate unit, with
Brazilian officers under Brazilian
colors. 1t will presumably be under
the supreme command of General
Eisenhower, like all other Allied
1orces in the Mediterranean area.
The political and diplomatic roper
cussions Of Brazil's entry into the
war as a full-scale belligerent should
be notable, especially on Portugal,
the mother country, which has al
ready sided with the United Nations
IN everything but name by its giving
Evening star., 1943-12-14

wish to be a candidate on the Repub-
lican ticket unless the party platform
was liberal on the domestic side and
favorable to international cooperation
to keep the peace of the future on the
foreign policy side. He recently empha-
sized this position when he commented
on ALI Landon's speech to Republican
members OF Congress. He said that II
the Republican party was to accept the
Landon views, it should not nominate
him for President.
Whether Mr. Willkie himself has any
third party ideas has not been pub
licly disclosed. He declined to COM
ment on story written by Marquis w.
Childs for the st. Louis Post Dispatch
In which Mr.. Childs said that Mr.. Will
he had thoroughly explored the DOS
sibility Of forming a third political
party"
The difficulty of forming third partv
Is we'll recognized Theodore Roosevelt
tried it in 1912; Robert M. La Toilette,
IN 1924. Both offered themselves for the
presidency as the candidates Of a new
party. Neither got to first base. The
Evening star., 1943-12-14

that they are on the Allied side with
more than their heart. Whether there
is a concentration Of British forces
somewhere near the Syrian border or in
any other section OF the Balkans to prop
up the somewhat unprepared Turkish
Army is military secret.
But 1t appears probable that since
the Cairo meeting the Turkish general
staff must have demanded some more
substantial assistance In war material
and Allied forces before 1t decides to
take the big plunge.
The situation in Bulgaria is equally
muddled. There is no question that a
number Of political men in that country
would like to break away from the Ger
mans. The pro-Russian feeling Is
strong among the peasantry, which
Evening star., 1943-12-14
The AnqeIs

sdD nine angels hand in hand,
And they tOere circling on the sand,
And they tDere singing Beulah Land
SO early in the morning.
As approached I said: my lords,
Where are your flaming fiery swords?
You'll need them aD11en such things are
tODdrdS
As surely meet your scorning."
They kept on going to and fro,
Their faces tDith smiling glo1D,
As IT 'tlCere Fra Angelico
Whose stDeet brus1, had designed them.
Then they spread sudden ,Dtnos to fly,
And rose up s1Dittly to the sky,
And DGntshed. There tDds tooltsl.
Dtsconsolats behind them.
LOUIS HOW.