davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1943-11-21
Balkan Front

German Seaborne and paratrooper
units struck sharply in the Dodecanese
Islands during the past week and won
important victories, especially in view
of the possibility of an Allied drive into
the Aegean area as one path of in
vasion.
The NaZlS overcame a combined Brit
lsh and Greek force on the island of
Leros Tuesday, and after capture of three
other small islands, opened an aerial
assault on Samos, during which troops
were landed. At the close of the week
it was reported that the Allies are fight
ing bitterly to hold Samos, their last
base in the Dodecanese, and that troops
evacuated from Cos and Leros had gone
to join the defenders of the other island.
Gen. Henry Maitland Wilson, British
Middle East commander, attempting to
find some solace in the situation, de-
clared that German losses equaled the
entire British force involved and that
the German air losses were three times
as great as those of the British. The
Nazis also paid with $4,000 tons of
shipping, he added, all of which in no
way served to calm the anger of the
British press which Indignantly criti-
cized the government for another de-
feat.
Sofia Is Raided.
In other phases of the Balkan CAM
palgn, however, the Allies were more
successful. In an air raid on the rail-
road yards in Sofia, capital of Bulgaria,
Allied planes SO blasted the transpor-
tation facilities, German movement of
men and supplies will be seriously han
dicapped. In fact, the raid was so
successful the Nazi high command Bit
terly took Bulgaria to task for an in
different air defense against the attack
ing planes.
Because of the vital nature of the
Sofia yards, the success of the raid is
expected to cause great confusion in
Greece, Rumania and Bulgaria arising
out OF the congestion of freight cars
which will be delayed in passing through
the yards during the restoration of
facilities.
Initial successes by the Nazis against the
Yugoslavians in another week of fight
ing were acknowledged Tuesday when it
was admitted that the Partisans had
been driven out of the Peljesac Penin-
sula in Southern Dalmatia, while in
Macedonia heavily reinforced Germans
pushed Tito's troops back The Ger
mans are said to have some 40 divis-
ions in the Balkan area and their
weight is being felt.
Tuesday, in Solvenia, the situation was
Evening star., 1943-11-21
Women ut Work.

In its own survey of women In war
plants, as recorded by Marion White In
the December issue, the woman hnds
that IS per cent of all workers are
women. When employers were asked
whether they expected to maintain the
same proportion of men and women
after the war, the answers were yes"
and mo" in equal portions:
mo" said one aircraft company, we
still believe the man should be the bread
winner"
YES" said another company. Women
have proven that they can do any task
we give them"
Evening star., 1943-11-21
Americas 7O2d Week of War
22Oth Week of World War II
BY Hovard p. Bailey.

Striking with power not evidenced recently
last
but the psychological pounding
Berlin has thus from
There evidences growing
increasingly concerned the possibility
planes smashing German dnses
might
actively the with
Evening star., 1943-11-21
"HOt Money"

her 50 900 classroom job these mornings
meets a girl she taught two years ago
who is making $3,250 in a factory-the
first job she ever had. The girl doesn't
know how to handle her big money and
it worries the social workers, the bank
ers and, in fact, all the toWnsfolk of a
typical American war-boom community.
Living costs are moving up, but that
doesn't worry the "overpaid' war work.
ers with their hot money" j. c. Furnas
writes in the Ladies Home journal. 1t
does matter to the elderly lady who de-
pends on her small annuity. to the law
office clerk and the postoffice employe
with fixed pay and three kids in school,
The mass of adult Americans is split
into the gravy group and the group be-
hind the eight ball." Furnas says.
Estimates give this years national in
come as sl45 900, 900, 900 and war taxes
plus spending at current prices add up
to only $4,000, 900 900. The difference
of $35 900, 100000 Furnas sees as "tre-
mendously explosive"
Looking toward remedies, Furnas says
Washington could let living costs rise
until they wiped out excess purchasing
power or slam the stable door shut, lock
it hastily and hope the horse is still in
side"
THE third possibility, however, is very
real he adds. Compulsory savings is
its label"
Evening star., 1943-11-21
Third Invasion,

A war of attrition, of nerves and Of
passive resistance is going on right in
this country, Enid Ewing reports in the
Evening star., 1943-11-21
Plane Builder.

Not all Of Americas great enterprises
were created by the so families or by
Wall Street, Alva Johnston observes
in the forthcoming Saturday Evening
Post A young man who worked as
part-time farmer SO he could eat while
he built has become one Of the biggest
producers of aircraft in the world. He
is Donald w. Douglas, billion dollar
plane builder"
Douglas employs 165,000 workers; all
nationalities, ages and sizes are rep
resented. Among them are members
of most of the Western Indian tribes;
there are midgets for the doll-sized
openings in the wings and tail, para
lyzed electrician.
Douglas says the net earnings OF the
company this year will be less than
one half of / per cent of the value OF
the war goods produced.
BY coincidence, Douglas appears also
in this weeks Time, as "a tall good
looking. brown eyed, brown haired,
brown-tweedy sort of man, who acts as
if he doesn't believe in the future of avia-
ton" He owns less than l per cent
of 100000 outstanding shares of the
company.
For the plight of Douglas is the plight
Of the entire industry" Time explains.
There is hardly an aircraft company
which has enough cash reserves to meet
it's present payroll for more than a few
weeks at the most, if contracts should be
Cancelled" '~~~ ~ 49,.
Already, ITO make sure that Douglas
is not caught with its payrolls up when
contracts 60 down." girls are going
through index cards, making ready fol
"torrential layoffs." Douglas believes in
getting the millions of workers back into
peacetime jobs as soon as possible when
the war Is over.
Evening star., 1943-05-07
The Pulitzer Awards

Award Of Pulitzer prize to
Thornton Wilder for his drama,
THE Skin of Our Teeth will start
the critics again where they left
off in debate over this highly imagi-
native satire. Authors the world
over will take new hope in the fact
that Upton Sinclair. at IS, has won
his first Pulitzer prize with dragons
Teeth" his fifty-first book. And
there are deserved congratulations
for the ten other recipients of the
distinguished recognition implicit in
a Pulitzer prize.
But there is special interest among
newspapers in the award to the
Omaha World-Herald of the prize for
"the most distinterested and meri-
torious service" While the feat
which gained this distinction was an
unusually successful campaign for
scrap metal collection in Nebraska,
the results Of that campaign were
more valuable than scrap. For 1t
suggested to Donald Nelson the ad-
visibility of calling on all the news
papers Of the Nation to keep steel
production going. He invited pub
fishers and editors to meet him here
and discuss the problem. It was the
first time that any official had made
such an appeal to the newspapers.
and Mr.. Nelson himself is still aston
ished over the results.
Perhaps the most difficult decision
the judges had to make lay In the
field of distinguished newspaper re-
porting, for the past year has been
year of extraordinarily fine report
ing from the army of skilled and
courageous correspondents now scat
tered all over the world ut war.
Newspapermen everywhere viii ap-
Evening star., 1943-05-07
The Shoe Pinches

Several years ago, when the Ma
tlonal Labor Relations Act first be-
came law, a number of men in busi-
ness and industry refused to comply
with it. They contended that the law
was unconstitutional, and that they
would not be bound by it until such
time as its validity had been af-
f1rmed by the Supreme Court.
This position unquestionably was
wrong. And employers who took
that course were roundly denounced
by administration officials, by men,
bers OF Congress and, particularly,
by spokesmen for organized labor.
Now, however, the shoe is on the
other foot. Six States have passed
laws distasteful to organized labor,
and William Green, president of the
American Federation OF Labor, has
notified members of his group to re
frain from complying" with the laws
IN question until the AFL has ex-
hausted every legal right of attack
ing them. Like the industrialists
OF another era, Mr.. Green, relying
on the advice of his own counsel,
takes the view that these laws are
unconstitutional and that his organ
ization need not comply with them
until the Supreme Court has passed
judgment.
In this position, he is just as
wrong as were the offending en-
ployers, even though the Supreme
Court ultimately may sustain his
contention. Once a law finally has
been enacted, and this applies to
State law no less than to a ma
tional law, it is valid until the courts
rule otherwise, and the obligation
to obey the law is just as binding
on a labor union as on a business
man. The fact that Mr.. Green does
not see the matter this way merely
goes to show that a pinching shoe
is no respecter Of persons.
Evening star., 1943-05-07

suffer from perhaps incurable mass
paranoia.
Engulfed by the daily waves OF war
events we may be prone to disregard
what happened decade ago. But it is
from the past that we learn to avoid
future mistakes and In that light this
novel is more than a small addition to
knowledge or letters. True, it is a bit
unevenly paced, which, however, is too
small shortcoming to accord 1t such
critical and almost all-embra cling con-
demnation as Miss Roberts did
AS much as Bella Fromm's Blood and
Blankets" about which Miss Roberts had
some nice things to say four months or
so ago, Rohan Buffers THE Roots of
National Socialism," Haffner's Ger
many: Jekyll and Hyde" are timely and
illustrative works, so has Feuchtwanger's
historical novel a distinct and timely
value.
Last September we had occasion to
express hearty agreement with Miss
Roberts when she was one of but few
book reviewers who at long last said
some very pertinent and deservedly
critical words about the arrogant Emil
Ludwig" But this is one time where
she has missed the mark by wide
margin. ERWIN H. KLAUS.
Evening star., 1943-05-07
Flying Pay

Dating from the time of the last
war, our military aviators have re-
ceived as flight pay a bonus equiva-
lent to so per cent Of their base pay.
This was intended to compensate
them for the special hazards Incl
dent to military flying.
In peacetime there can be little
doubt that greater risk of death or
injury Is present in military avia-
ton than in other branches of the
service. In wartime, and especially
under combat conditions, this may
not be the case, but the higher flight
pay nevertheless is sanctioned by
law and paid regularly-that is, to
all but a small group who might be
considered as deserving it most.
Generally speaking, those men not
now receiving flight pay are the avia-
tors who have been so severely
wounded that they are unable to meet
the condition that they must put in
"a hours OF flying time within six
months after being grounded by
injury under combat conditions.
Thus, these men who have given
perhaps an arm or leg in defend
Ing their country find themselves in
the curious position Of being denied.
after injury, the added compensation
they received when they were only
lncurring a risk OF injury.
Nor Is this state of affairs improved
by the fact that paratroopers, COW
cred by a separate set OF regulations,
receive bonus pay regardless of in
jury, or the rule which permits pay
ment OF flight pay to a captured
aviator which he might not have
been privileged to receive had he
been shot down behind his own lines.
Another undesirable result of the
hight-pay rule is that in some in
stances men endeavor to avoid loss
OF their extra pay by going up as
co-pilots when their physical con-
dition is far below par.
1t is difficult to say whether this
situation results from an oversight,
or is a carefully considered policy.
But if the latter be the case, it is
rather illogical that a paratrooper
should receive more liberal treat
ment than pursuit plane pilot or
that a man, once he is severely
wounded, should lose the special
compensation he formerly had re-
ceived because he was presumed to
be running a greater risk OF injury.
Evening star., 1943-05-07

spreading their religious beliefs
through the spoken and printed word
are not to be gagged by standards
governing retailers or wholesalers of
books" said Justice Douglas, speak
ing for the court.
1t is not necessary to indorse either
the tenets or the practices of the
Witnesses to approve the course the
court has followed. Suffice it to say
that the restrictive implications of
its former decision were recognized
by other groups than the principals
in the litigation, the American News
paper Publishers Association, the
American Civil Liberties Union and
the General Conference OF the Sew
enth-day Adventists filing briefs in
support of the move to have the
court reconsider its earlier action.
Evening star., 1943-05-07

plaud the three selections made:
Hanson Baldwin Of the New York
Times, for his professionally unex-
celled analyses Of the military pic
ture In the Southwest Pacific; George
Weller OF the Chicago Daily News,
whose classic on the appendectomy
operation in the submarine was one
OF the most widely read and discussed
newspaper stories OF the year, and
Ira Wolfert of the North American
Newspaper Alliance, for his fine writ
Ing and colorful reporting OF the
nth battle OF the Solomons.
Evening star., 1943-05-07
Civil Liberties RuIino

The Supreme Court once more has
asserted the inviolability of the con-
stitutional guarantees of freedom of
religion, speech and press, wiping out
the tax restrictions imposed by local
ordinances in several States on the
sale and distribution of Jehovah's
Witness literature.
The decision defending the evange-
listic endeavorS Of this sect, which
constantly is running afoul of NUM-
cipal authorities, was made possible
by the change in the courts member
ship which brought Justice Rutledge
to the bench in place of former
Justice Byrnes. A year ago the court,
by flve-to-four vote, held that
licensing laws exacting a fee for
merchandising generally were nom
discriminatory, and properly could be
applied to Witness pamphleteers.
The new majority in the court, again
by five-to-four vote, holds now that
such taxation infringes on the guar
antees Of the first amendment.
The constitutional rights OF those
Evening star., 1943-05-07
THIS AND THAT
By Charles Z. TracetpeU.

fght, and do it with vim and vigor, and
with a persistency which ought to be a
great lesson to all fighters, wherever they
may be.
In our own yard we have a fine pair
Of Knockers this spring.
These birds are singing fools (and no
disrespect is meant, but only a compli-
ment) and have very gentle ways.
They give us a wholly new conception
Of the mockingbird.
Both OF them are very friendly. They
like raisins, as do all their tribe, but
unlike many Knockers, they are not afraid
to come down when the raisins are
thrown out.
One Of them comes every evening, Just
before dusk.
He perches in lilac, lilac which,
unfortunately never has bloomed.
He sings beautifully, using his long
song, as well as various limitations.
AS soon as the raisins are thrown onto
the grass, down he comes, without the
slightest fear.
He is not greedy.
Three or four raisins satisfy him. Then
the Missus comes down for her share
She usually eats five or six.
4
A pair of baby ducks close by have
given these birds their latest opportunity
for mockery.
The cheeps OF the ducks they do in the
best possible mockingbird style, so that
at times listener would swear the baby
ducks had got loose and were in the
street.
But 1t is only one Of the mockers try
ing his syrinx on the ordinary everyday
cry Of young ducks so successfully that
even their own mother wouldn't know
the difference.
There can be little question but that
some mockingbirds are geniuses above
the ordinary Of their line.
This is always true, just as there are
some human singers who stand out on
the crowded opera stage. Even in a
chorus, there is usually some one singer
whose voice is obviously better, not just
louder, than the rest.
We believe we have pair Of geniuses
In these latest mockingbirds.
1t is amazingly beautiful, their evening
song, mingled melody straight from the
heart of the Southland
Whether these particular birds were
around all winter, we DO not know, but
do not believe they were. 1t is more
pleasing to feel that they have come to
us from a thousand miles, and have
decided to stay for the summer. The
raisins they eat will be small pay for
some Of natures best music.
Evening star., 1943-05-07
Numbered Postal Areas

Much of the success of the present
war effort of the people of the United
States inevitably must depend upon
the efficient functioning of existing
facilities of communication. The
public already has been asked to
abstain from using the telephone and
telegraph services wastefully. 1t now
Is requested to cooperate in a care
fully planned endeavor to expedite
the delivery of mail
Each of the one hundred and sew
enty-eight largest cities under the
Stars and Stripes has been divided
into convenient geographical areas,
and each such neighborhood has
been assigned a number identifying
it. Tests have shown that letters
addressed with zone designations can
be handled in the sorting rooms of
the postal stations more rapidly than
letters not so inscribed A closer CO.
ordination Of the mind of the mailer
with that of the postal clerk is what
Is sought. The time and money saved
by the project represent an incalcu-
liable advantage to a Nation engaged
in desperate struggle to triumph in
a conflict of global proportions.
Nothing very new is involved in the
change. London, Paris, Berlin and
Vienna have made use of the same
idea for at least twenty years If it
is practical in those great centers of
population, it should be equally eco
nomic and helpful in Washington,
New York, Chicago, Los Angeles and
all the other towns in which it is
being inaugurated.
Evening star., 1943-05-07
Montgomery Charter

The stage has been set for the final
phase of the long fight as to
whether Montgomery County shall
have home rule under charter form
of government that provides for
county council, county manager
and a merit system for county en-
ployes.
The issue was raised two years ago
when the Brookings Institution made
700-page report on the county gov
ernment recommending a change
from the county commissioner to
the council form. The county's
rapid growth from a rural to an
urban community. while its govern
mental system remained unchanged,
prompted the request for the study.
The fight engendered by this report
will end-barring later court tests
with the November elections next
year when the voters decide either
to accept or reject the proposed
county charter which the Charter
Board presented Monday to the
County Commissioners.
One of the principal charges made
against the charter plan Is that it
would destroy the tWo-party system
of government. While charter spon-
sors may not agree fully with this,
they see that claim as one Of the
plans great virtues. The first county
council would be chosen on ballot
devoid of party affiliation listings
and the council would fix the method
of election thereafter. In addition
to the adoption of merit system, all
political contributions by the coun-
tvs several hundred employees would
be prohibited, and there would be no
patronage to be dispensed Reforms
such as these that appear to pro-
ponents to be desirable are hardly
accepted with equaninity by the
opponents of the charter plan. The
fact that the charter hackers have
had difficult fight, however, is
tribute in itself. Montgomery
County beyond any doubt has been
one of the best governed in Mary
land. Had this not been so, or
II there had been abuses, obvious
shortcomings or corruption, the civic
leaders In charge of the charter fight
probably would have had an easy
road to victory.
Evening star., 1943-05-07

@. What does 1t mean to "scuttle" a
ship?-R. F. S.
A.. To sink or attempt to sink ship
by opening holes in the bottom or sides.
@. How many farmers are there In
the United States?-E L. H.
A. The total number of farmers in the
United States is 5l43,6l4
O. What animals are the most INTEL
gent?-D. B. U.
A. There is a difference of opinion,
Some years ago DR. W. Reid Blair, direc-
tor OF the Bronx Zoo. in New York City,
listed them as follows: Chimpanzee,
orangutan, elephant, gorilla, dog, beaver,
horse, sea lion, bear, domestic cat.
@. Has the mace always been effective
In restoring order in the House OF Rep
resentatives?-E. E. D.
A. Never once in the history Of the
Republic has the mace failed Usually
when member becomes unduly conten-
tious he can be calmed simply by the
sergeant at arms holding the mace before
him, which is called presenting the
mace"
@. Will the Tulip Festival of Holland,
Mich, take place as usual?-D. w
A. The festival will not be held this
year.
@. How many civilian persons are in
the Government employ?-J. M
A. According to preliminary figures
civilian employment in the executive
branch OF the Federal Government by
departments and independent establish
ments totaled 2,943,9l9 in February, 1e43.
Q. How great distance can big guns
be heard?-P. D.
A. The explosions of big modern guns
can be heard across the English Chan
mel. but probably 100 miles is the maxi
mum range of their sound
@. What is the largest fish?-O D. H.
A. The whale shark attains the great
est length of all known living fishes,
sometimes exceeding so feet and reputed
to reach 10 feet. Though equipped with
some 5000 teeth, it is harmless to man.
O. How many rivets are there in a
large steamship?-R. P. S.
A. In modern steamship such as the
Queen Mary, there are more than l0,O0O,-
900 rivets.
O. Did Japan sign the Geneva Con-
vention, negotiated in 1925, on prisoners
of war?-W L. D.
A. Japan signed this international
convention but did not ratify it, yet
agreed to abide by its provisions when
the present war broke out.
Q. Who was the Chinese woman who
was said to have caused the Boxer Rebel
lion?-R. A. A.
A. Tsze-Hsi or Tzu-Hsi, the Great
Empress DoWager," who was the virtual
ruler for half century, is said to have
encouraged the Boxer uprising. She is
often referred to as the most famous
woman in Chinese history
Evening star., 1943-05-07
Domestic Turmoil Discussed
As Cause of Disaster.

70 the Editor OF The Star:
Can a democracy effectively function
in time of war or as opined by the author
of "Mein Kampf." may it ever be de-
pended upon to talk itself to death in
time of national crisis, and that with
out any outside help?
The interminable discussions over the
tax bill and the still unsettled coal strike
cause one to wonder.
Regarding the strike, the miners, as
it now appears, have some good argu-
ments In support of their case, which
might, and perhaps would. prevail under
ordinary conditions. But in time OF war?
Before determining upon further de-
fiance of the mandate of the President OF
the United States and Commander in
Chief Of the Army and Navy, might it not
be we'll for the miners land all others
to consider the possible effect of further
antagonism to constituted authority?
Twenty heretofore proud nations have
gone down in this worlds holocaust.
1ntransigence against the established
order has ever been the road to revolu-
ton. WILBUR H. CLOSE.