davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1943-04-13

want to get it over with as quickly
as possible" Mr.. Navis said.
He charged there was widespread
boarding of labor by some of the
city's larger manufacturers.
Put up to Management.
Army and Navy officials long
have recognized that the answer to
our manpoWer problems rests largely
with management's ability to obtain
more production from the present
labor force.
Declaring the most valuable source
of unused manpower in the Nation
today Lies within the labor force
already employed in war industries !"
and that this tremendous labor
potential is still untouched, although
it is right in industry's pack yard" :"
James p Mitchell, industrial per-
sonnel director, Army Service Forces,
placed the blame for ineffective use
of labor in the lap of management.
Mr.. Mitchell said conservation and
proper use of manpower should
be the paramount consideration of
war industry" He added that the
manager who wastes it, either
through carelessness or indifference
is as reprehensible, in this hour of
national peril, as the platoon COM
mander who recklessly or stupidity
wastes the lives of the soldiers under
him on the field of battle"
Evening star., 1943-04-13
can perform task with minimum
of effort and waste motion.

can perform task with minimum
of effort and waste motion.
In nearly every war plant visited,
as cited earlier, management was
far from satisfied with production.
Some of this undoubtedly should be
discounted on the theory that man.
agement seldom is satisfied no mat
ter how well things are going The
differences in most instances, how
ever, were so great between actual
output and what officials held it
should be that obviously things were
not right. This should be coupled
with many statements by labor that
output could be increased greatly,
although by different methods.
Union Baked Piece Pay.
An executive of one of the Ma
tion's largest machine tools shops
declared the plant output could be
raised 30 to IS per cent if the work
ers would agree to a change from
day work to an incentive plan.
Since the beginning of the war ef-
fort, the company had been making
a "bottleneck" item and was still
many months behind on orders.
In 1941, the company asked the
local union to work on piece basis.
offering guarantees of piece pay
rates and work standards. The firm
was swamped with orders and the
alternative to lifting effort was ex-
pansion of facilities. The workers
declined. To meet the rush of b<lsi-
ness the company, at Government
expense, built an additional plant
costing nearly 81 900, 900. The presi-
dent said he was convinced the ad-
dition would have been unnecessary
if the men had gone on incentive
pay. Also, he added, the country
would have had precious war tools
much earlier.
The president declared he had Of
fered the workers all of the profits
the company made from whatever
extra output would result from the
change from day to piece work. He
said this failed to change their
stand Workers averaged about 80
per cent of standard production set
up for the various jobs. Although
some job standards were low, work.
ers rarely produced more than 100
per cent in day, he said. On one
recent occasion, however, two COM
paratively green men broke loose"
and turned out four. times the aver
age amount, the official declared.
A firm making engine parts in
another Midwestern city used an
incentive plan, though it was not
working too successfully. Manage
ment and labor had fought for a
long time and apparently there still
were troubles. An official estimated
the company got about Is per cent
more production as a result of the
piece work. plan, but he thought
there should be considerably more.
There had been evidence. he said,
that individual effort was being held
Evening star., 1943-04-13

cheney supplied by workers with the
incentive to earn more by making
more.
Standardization Helps.
Pioneers employees had been on
day work while the company was
filling small orders for different
types of parachutes for many GUS
toners. The jobs were not stand
ardized at that time. When the
Air Corps became the one big Gus
toner, however, the work was stand
ardized sufficiently for introduction
of the piecework plan. Other
Cheney Bros. plants have used in
centives for years.
Mr.. Mallory said the company's
plan was geared to take full advan-
tage of the workers skill without
abusing her. About 10 per cent of
the employees are women. He said
work standards were set scientif-
ically through careful time studies.
A 20 per cent allowance for personal
time and fatigue was made. A
worker can increase output and
earnings by cutting down on this
time allowance and by increasing
speed above standard. Time studies,
he said, show the worker how she
Evening star., 1943-04-13
Rickenbacker Addresses
Ohio Legislature
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
COLUMBUS, Ohio, April 13.-Capt
Eddie Rickenbacker, in a speech be-
fore the Ohio Legislature last night,
proposed enactment of labor legis-
lation which, he said, would increase
war production and eradicate rack
eteers."
He suggested program which
would:
Outlaw strikes during the war;
substitute a 48-hour week for the
40-hour work week; abolish over
time payments and substitute in
centive bonuses for workers who
produce more; suspend the closed
shop and checkoff system in war
plants; authorize employers to dis
charge workers who engage in slow
downs, and require unions to in
corporate and give public account
ting of their financial affairs.
Capt. Rickenbacker, speaking in
his home town on invitation of the
Legislature, said any labor legisla-
ton should be fair and not encroach
on the right of men and women to
organize or engage in collective
bargaining
Evening star., 1943-04-13
Pay Incentives Found to Boost Production

brought into MurrayS plants to
make time studies of various manu-
featuring operations and to set
standards for normal hourly output
of workers. Two union members
were trained in the intricacies of
time study so that labor would be
sure there were no tricks involved
in the operation. The union men
participated in setting job stand
ards. Then, the union knew the
standard production PAGES were
fair, and not too fast.
Most of the workers in the plant
share the extra pay for extra pro-
duction on a group basis, although
some are paid by the piece on an in
dividual basis. The men and wom-
en- receive in bonus pay an amount
proportionate to output above
standard for the job. Job rates and
standards are guaranteed by the
company, and minimum hourly pay
is the same as workers earned when
on a day-rate basis.
In group operations, Mr. Gould
said workers are careful to see that
an individual does not hold back.
If worker naturally is slow and
cannot keep up, he is transferred to
individual work The plan, Mr..
Gould said, has cut absenteeism.
In another section of Detroit, the
Kelsey Hayes Wheel Co. estab-
lished an incentive pay plan late
last year which has resulted in our
fighting forces getting 1000 more
machine guns month in February
and March. This was accomplished
with the same labor force.
Output Ginning Past 1867.
Company officials declared the
plant was operating at 80 per cent
of their standard efficiency in No
vember before workers were offered
pay for extra production. A group
pay plan with maintenance men
and other nonproduction workers
sharing in departmental gains was
established the following month
The efficiency rating rose to IS per
cent in December, SO per cent in
January, los per cent in February.
When this reporter visited the plant,
the rating had reached LOG and was
still climbing slowly.
In others of the company's
plants, the official said work was
not going so well. He figured that
on older work, shops established
some time where jobs now are SINH
lar to those of peacetime, the ef-
flciency was about 80 per cent. On
new work, however, the men were
producing only two-third to IS per
cent what they should make.
In South Manchester, Conn, the
Pioneer Parachute Co., a branch
of Cheney Bros, was faced in an
unusually tight labor area with the
necessity of increasing production
greatly to meet schedules. Addi-
tional workers were impossible to
obtain. The company installed a
piece work plan several months ago
and production has increased as a
result from 80 to IS per cent. Many
girls have doubled output as well
as pay.
Henry R. Mallory, president of the
company, found it difficult to un-
derstand why it was necessary for
any one to study the relative merits
of incentives and day rate pay. He
declared that competition in the
textile industry was so great that
it would be impossible to stay in
business without the added eff
Evening star., 1943-04-13

down. Recently, q worker reported
he had been told to slow down by
another employe. The complainant
and a fellow machine operator
signed statements charging the en-
ploye with telling them to work
slower. The company threatened to
fire the accused and protested to the
union. The union held a meeting
which resulted in statement signed
by all members denying participa-
ton in the incident. The unions
request for the statements made by
the two workers was refused.
The United States Cancellation
Service was called in to settle the
dispute. Following brief investi-
cation, the official said the concili-
ator departed, armed with all state
ments in the case The company
had suggested that the conciliator
take statements from the workers
under oath. No action had been
forthcoming, he added
Some manufacturers are so bitter
in their attitude toward organized
labor that their statements are OBJ
viously biased and should be in
cluded with caution in an appraisal
of the labor production picture. A
Detroit factory executive concluded
his spicy remarks on the general
situation with:
1--WE are doing job in spite of
everything: in spite of the union,
Government missionaries, lack of
Government cooperation and lack
of materials. If management had
laid down in the last two years as
much as labor we would be licked"
He was asked If he did not think
labor had some strong evidence to
support its cases, he replied:
Yes, labor needs protection from
lot of these hounds"
Government Inspectors Urged.
Thomas r. Navin, head of small
Detroit firm making parts for
planes, guns and tanks, declared
that many war plants in Detroit
were only 80 to 40 per cent efficient.
He said the Government should
hire couple of industrial engineers
w SoAAS AAeO lilO JAoAioo III oFSi o1Ao
and find out what Is going on"
His plant, although using incen-
tives, was operating about IS per
cent of top production, Mr.. Navin
said. He declared that new workers
frequently would raise their output
considerably above normal and then,
after a few weeks, drop down to a
point consistent with the shop aver
age. Employees reverse the natural
trend" he said.
Mr.. Navin said Education and
probably legislation" would be
needed to correct the situation he
charged was prevalent in his plant.
II think President Roosevelt could
do a lot about it." he added. "A
strong speech from him would help
a lot"
Sure. go ahead and use my name.
I have two sons in this war, and I
Evening star., 1943-04-13
Continued From First Page.)

bombers and trainers. Half of that
number would wreak untold havoc
on the enemy in North Africa,
England and the South Pacific.
Present merchant ship construc-
ton is about 1900 900 tons a month.
We should be producing 240 900 tons,
or the equivalent of "a Liberty ships,
more each month. Last year we
built 100000 tons of merchant
shipping. With a little extra effort
we could have added 160 big cargo
vessels. There is nothing more des-
perately needed now than ships to
carry supplies and munitions to our
fighting men and our Allies.
Other Bottlenecks.
There are numerous items, or
components, such as valves, motors,
condensers, which are not being
made in sufficient quantities to sup
ply the needs of the aircraft, ship
and other vital programs. These
are bottlenecks which could easily
be broken by increasing the effec-
tiveness of labor in the industries,
officials say.
Full utilization of the countrys
manufacturing potential would solve
the manpower problem, which will
be most acute when peak factory
output is reached next fall. The
number of workers in manufactur-
ing industry is approximately 49,
100000 A 20 per cent rise in fac
| tory efficiency would enable us to
maintain production at current
levels and release 100000 workers
to other jobs and the armed forces.
The story this reporter heard in
nearly all industrial centers visited
was that America does not have a
manpower problem, numerically
speaking. but rather a problem of
making better use of the labor force
at hand Responsibility for reach
ing this goal rests Jointly with man
agement, labor and Government.
Efficiency Increase Possible.
When officials speak of the posi-
bility of increasing the efficiency OF
the war effort. of stepping up pro-
duction of munitions with existing
facilities and labor force, it is not
! mere wtshful thinking or recital Of
some Utopian dream. 1t has been
done in war plants, and Is being
done every day. The problem is that
it is not being done fast enough.
There are thousands of plants where
output is SubStandard,
With the cooperation of its union,
local Of CLOS United Automobile
Workers, the Murray Corp. of Amer
lea set about last fall to make time
studies in its plants with a view to
| establishment of Wage-incentive
plans. Murray makes bodies for
Army vehicles, wings for Flying
Fortresses and fighter planes. An
incentive plan was installed early
in February in the body plant with
full approval of labor. It has re-
suited, according to B. c. Gould,
company vice president, in so per
cent production increase Workers
are getting more money and re-
portedly are pleased.
AS result of getting more pro-
duction from the body plant labor
force, Mr.. Gould said the firm was
able to release so per cent of the
workers to serve in their aircraft
divisions, where manpower was bad
ly needed. The incentive idea has
not been extended to the aircraft
plants. The firm feels it is better to
wait until the union requests it
Mr. Gould estimated that 20 per
cent more production would be pos
sible in the aircraft division by use
of the incentive idea.
An industrial engineering firm was
Evening star., 1943-04-13
Clio 10 Explore Plans
For incentive Paw
Within Contracts
Overall Federal System
Opposed by Murray
In Letter to Unions
By the Associated Press.

BY the ASSOCIATED Press.
The CIO leadership advised It's
off1liates today to explore fully the
possibilities of incentive plans
through local collective bargaining
but said it would oppose imposition
of national wage incentive system
by the Government.
President Philip Murray in let
ter that gave qualified Endorsement
to the Presidents hold-the- Line
executive order of April 8, also told
the CIO unions they must contend
for the right of the War Labor
Board to eliminate cross inequities
in the national wage structure, and
that collective bargaining agree
ments must continue to be an in
strument for eliminating plant in
equalities.
Referring to that portion of the
Presidents order which permits
increased earnings for increased
production. Mr.. Murray said:
This general category is one that
promises to be of extreme impor-
tance to labor and should be exam
ined very closely, because on the
one hand it would result, if success
fully utilized, in increased earnings
for the workers, and on the other
hand, will increase war production.
However, any such agreement
must be worked out between the
union and the employer directly in
volved. The CIO will oppose any
attempt by any Government agency
to impose a national wage incentive
system"
Any agreements reached, the let
ter added, should be simple and
understandable and should incor-
porate guarantees that: (a) The in
creased effort of the workers for
increased production will not result
in the lowering of hourly or incen-
tive rates, (b) the employees will be
assured a minimum 40-hour week
to avoid layoffs during the week
resulting from poor managerial
scheduling of work and (c) the base
of normal production to be chosen
as guide post to determine in
creased production and increased
earnings should be related as of
September, 1912, in order to take
into consideration the increased
production which has resulted since
then for which the workers may
not have received any increased
earnings"
Mr.. Murray called the executive
order ''an important step forward
IN establishing real, sterilization of
prices" and asked the unions to
support it in order to impress OPA
Administrator Brown and Food Ad-
minlstrator Chester Davis with the
absolute need for interpreting the
executive order as an order to re-
duce prices to the levels which pre-
vailed on September Is, 1912"
The letter said the orders failure
to authorize the WLB to correct
gross inequities was "a very serious
omission and that ''it shall be our
contention that the National War
Labor Board must receive the
authority which it has heretofore
had regarding the elimination Of
inequalities" Otherwise, it said,
"the result would be freezing of
chaos
Mr.. Murray also called for pres
sure on Congress to increase tax
rates In the upper brackets, con-
tending that corporations are en-
joying Roman holiday from
grossly inflated war profits" Profit
increases in 1941 for individual cor
porations after taxes. he said, ranged
from II to 955 per cent of the pre-
war level,
Evening star., 1943-04-13
Ex-senator Jim Reed
Argues Labor Case Here

Former Senator James A. Reed
of Missouri was to appear before the
National Labor Relations Board this
afternoon as one of the lawyers in
case involving the Donnellv Gar
ment Co, Kansas City. Mo, of
which his wife is president and the
principal stockholder.
The International GARNER t
Workers Union last year filed a
complaint with the NRLB. charging
unfair labor practices. The board,
in decision in December, said that
the Donnelly firm maintained a
company union. A United States
Circuit Court later remanded the
case to the NRLB for additional
evidence and the board withdrew it's
decision
Today's hearing will give both
parties an opportunity to present
additional evidence.
Since his retirement from the
Senate in 1929, Senator Reed. who
is 80 years old, practices law in
Kansas City.
Buy War savings stamps and help
Evening star., 1943-04-13
Soldiers Home Egg Hunt
Banned by Gen. Coleman

There will be not Easter egg hunt
at the Soldiers Home this year,
Maj. Gen. F. w. Coleman, governor
of the home, has decreed.
Last Easter Monday, with the
White House grounds closed for
security reasons, many Washing
tonions went to Soldiers Home with
their children and picnicked in the
extensive grounds.
This year, Gen. Coleman said,
the President called off the egg
rolling as a matter of preserving
food, "and I am following his lead"
Evening star., 1943-04-13

former resident of the District. as
was 70.
Mr.. Mantz. who will be buried toxs
morrow in Chamhersburg, was dni
Washington for number of years
with the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad d.
ana the Government. He Is survivsd
by his widow, Mrs. Elizabeth Mantz.
Evening star., 1943-04-13

You can help by growing your own
fresh vegetables in Victory Gardens -:
BY home canning ..s
BY raising your own poultry and eggs,
and, in many cases, producing your own
milk and butter 50:
BY cooperating with the food rationing
program.:.
BY eliminating waste and licking the
platter clean" -.
BY making the most of foods that are
available and observing the rules of good
Evening star., 1943-04-13
Vital Foods Shipped
on the Santa Fe

Lipesfock-Cattle and calves, hogs,
sheep and lambs.
Fresh meat
Grains-Wheat, rye, rice, corn, oats,
barley and grain, sorghum.
Fats and oii-bearine broducfs-Lard,
cotton, soybeans, fax, peanuts.
Fruits-Oranges, ,grapefruits, lemons,
grapes, peaches, dried fruits, pears,
plums, aprlcots, cherries, canta-
loupes, watermelons.
Vegefables-Potatoesa andsweetpota-
toes, carrots, kale, snapbeans, lima
beans, pinto beans, dried beans, dry
peas, sweet corn, tomatoes, cabbage,
onions, spinach, asparagus, lettuce,
celery, cucumbers, cauliAower and
eggplant.
Sugar cane and sugar beefs
Poultry and dairy brodacfs-Chick-
ems, turkeys, eggs, milk and butter.
Canned foods of all kinds
Army rdtions
Evening star., 1943-04-13
How You Can Help

Every meal or part Of a meal
which you can produce for
your own family on your own
premises leaves more food
for our fighters and helps
to relieve the railroads
which are already carrying
double their normal load.
Evening star., 1943-04-13

back food OF other vital war freight from
folks who need it. Every unused cubic foot
squanders vital space.
The supply experts of the Army and
Navy, the ODT, and the Interstate Com
merce Commission Bureau of Service are
all focusing on this problem.
Shippers are helping and can continue
to help QD by maximum loading; (2) by
quicker loading; (3) by quicker unloading.
Evening star., 1943-04-13

Buy War savings stamps and help
stamp out the Axis.
Evening star., 1943-04-13

nutrition 49,. and by helping to kill the
Black Market for meat, butter and other
rationed foods.
X X X
X More than $1,000 Santa Fe folks Join
with the farmers, the livestock producers,
the shippers, and the consumers of al
America to help meet the greatest food
crisis our nation has ever faced.
Evening star., 1943-04-13

Serving, as it does, "the breadbasket of
America" the livestock and meat industry,
and the great fruit and vegetable areas Of
California and the Southwest, Santa Fe
pledges its all.out effort in the production
and mobilization of food.
Santa Fe employees are planting Victory
Gardens along their railroads. 13,l99 miles
of right-of-way.
Everything that rolls on the Santa Fe is
being kept in fighting trim.
Old cars with good running gear are
being rebuilt into sleek new gondolas.
Many Santa Fe refrigerator cars that
used to 20 back ''dead-head" now hurry
back loaded with other freight.
Cars are few and hours are precious
Every hour freight car stands idle holds
Evening star., 1943-04-13

WHAT causes this food emergency?
It's more than 1000, 900 American fight
ing men eating nearly twice as much as
they did in civilian life.
It's supplying our fighting allies with
food to fight on.
It's a war-working nation, working
harder, earning more-eating more.
It's shortage of help and of new ma
chinery on the farms.
It's the Black Market in meat, butter
and other foods which robs food from the
many to feed the greedy few.
Evening star., 1943-03-29

looks until the end Of a busy
day when it's time to 60 home
and change for dinner. Her
Red Cross uniform is much the
simple tailored kind OF thing
she has always liked in her own
wardrobe, Just as she likes SIM
plicity and comfort without os-
tentation in her home. She
doesn't care for society as such.
She prefers small intimate par
ties with a few good friends and
you couldn't DRAG her to a big
cocktail party.
Her husband is now a captain
in selective service stationed in
Washington and their attrac-
tive young son Ashmead, jr., is
a private in the infantry at Fort
Jackson. The Fullers live in a
charming house which they
themselves built in Kent" just
near Spring Valley. A house
as well groomed as its good
looking chatelaine, which is due,
Mrs. Fuller says, in no small
part to her very intelligent
housekeeper-cook "Bertie" who