davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1943-07-28

his nephew and imitator, Napoleon
III, captured at Sedan, voluntarily
sought refuge in England and sue
cumbed in the oblivion of Chisel-
hurst, January 9, 1873.
OF the rulers of the British Isles
who have deserved to be called
dictators. only one paid his head
Charles I, tried and convicted in
Westminster Hall, knelt before the
fatal block. January 80, 1649. To
avoid a similar disaster, James II
fed to the continent, December %,
1888. George III. the Hanoverian
monarch who lost the American
colonies, became insane in 1888 and
bfeathed his last eventually in re-
spectacle confinement at Windsor
Castle, January 20, 1920.
Professor J. Fred Rippy of the Uni
versity of Chicago discusses totali-
tartan trends in the Western
Hemisphere in an essay beginning:
Spanish America has exhibited dur
ing the last century great capacity
to produce dictators. Every nation
to the south of us has had them, in
Guiding even the younger republics
OF Cuba and Panama. They have
been so numerous, their sway has
been so constant, that the national
history of most of the countries of
the area is to large extent the BIZ
ography Of these imperious per-
sonalities." 1t has been from Eurone
however, that the pattern of action
has been imported The republics
which formerly were Spanish and
Portuguese colonies gradually de-
velop democratic institutions and
procedures as they mature in in
dependence and cooperation. It is
significant that the Emperor Maxi
milan, an Austrian prince who at
tempted to govern Mexico auto
cratically, was courtmartialled and
shot at Queretaro, June l9, 1867, but
Porflrio DiaZ, whose word was law
from one end of Mexico to the other
from 1877 to 1880 and from 1884 to
1911, was freely permitted to 60
abroad following his resignation and
died in Paris July 2, 1918, sincerely
regretted by multitudes Of his
countrymen.
Evening star., 1943-07-28
"ASHMEAD PLACE.

Dear Sir:
II enjoy your This and That more than
anything I can tell you.
With all this hideous war 1t is such
a relief to read and think of something
cheerful.
We have hundreds of birds about our
house every day.
II feed and water them winter and
summer.
Fortunately the horrible starlings
have departed for some unknown reason
and left the songbirds.
Thank you for your cheering news
each day. Sincerely, ]. D. W."
The starlings have gone to Canada
for the summer, and who can blame
them?
They will be back, however. in the fall.
so we would advise our correspondent to
make the most of their vacation.
The wise starlngs long ago decided
that Washington. whose warmth pleases
them In winter, is decidedly too hot for
them in the summer.
So they worked out new migration
routes in a new land.
Scientists tell us that this shows re-
markable wisdom In q bird tribe.
If one stops to think Of 1t, this is
easily realized. In Europe the starlinss
make England their summer home. and
the Mediterranean countries their winter
hangout.
When they were brought to America,
they had to forget the ancestral wisdom
Of their tribe, and acquire an utterly new
knowledge
Not all birds could do it.
The starlings did it without batting an
eye
They have been here long enough,
now, SO that Canada and our Far West
seems like home sweet home to them.
They find better "pickings' in the great
grain fields, and more open spaces in
which to bring up their young.
Some OF them do not 60, of course.
That Is always the case. Human beings
understand why some persons do not
take vacations. They flnd the comforts
ol nome SurpdSS t0S SOmeClmeS DUBIOUS
pleasures OF travel
Especially In these stirring and dis
quieting times, travellers run into almost
anything, and often wish they had re-
manned at home.
\
Even this correspondent will be will
ing to admit that the starlings have one
advantage over the pigeons.
They at least do 60 away now and then.
The pigeon, that other nuisance at
feeding stations intended for songbirds
never leaves.
He Is there the first thing in the
morning, and the last thing at night
He sticks around for days. even If food
Is withdrawn
Evening star., 1943-07-28

trouble and make enemies. De Gaulle
thinks he Is Joan of Arc and Clemen-
ceau. He also thinks he is the soul of
France. These statements are jokes.
Alexander S. Winnett says that the
United States should not have dealt
with Darlan. Peyrouton and COMPANY"
but these men are men of honor. Were
1t not for Darlan, perhaps a few thou
sand parents would never have seen
their sons come back to the United
States. Gen. Nogues is said to have
ordered his troops to fire on the Amer
leans. Why? Because he received the
order OF his superior, Marshal Petain.
In the army one does not do what one
likes, he does what he is ordered to do
whether he likes it or not.
De Gaulle wanted to command all
French North Africa and thus trouble
the Americans and British. Girald knew
such ambitions at such time would be
critical Thus the State Department
was absolutely right In checking De
Gaulle.
Giraud was willing to cooperate with
the Allies. De Gaulle was willing but on
conditions. and what conditions!
Giraud is the best man.
FRANCIS CHURCH.
Evening star., 1943-07-28

formula. The board handling the
application of the operating unions
Is still to report, but raise for these
also would seem to be out of the
question if the same principle laid
down by Mr.. Vinson Is to apply, as
this group also received the 1941
increase.
The special board taking over the
Pacific Electric case has been in
structed to study living costs and to
determine also the effect that the
lower rail wage may have in causing
workers to seek more lucrative en-
ployment elsewhere. If it is deter
mined that an increase is justified.
the administration seemingly would
have difficulty denying it, even at the
expense of the Little Steel' formula.
In that event. other brotherhoods-
as we'll as other unions-could be
expected to shape their demands
accordingly
Evening star., 1943-07-28
Roll Wuqe Test

That the whole rail wage issue may
be developing into tug-of-war be-
tween the brotherhoods and Stabi-
lization Director Vinson is indicated
by developments in the Pacific Elec-
trio Railway case. which has been
reopened at the request of President
Roosevelt to head off a threatened
strike by motormen and conductors
on interurban lines in the impor-
tant Los Angeles industrial area.
The trouble stemmed from the di-
rector's action in cutting from thir-
teen to three cents hourly, wage
increase recommended by a presi-
Dental emergency board functioning
under the Railway Labor Act. Mr..
Vinson said that the lesser award
was all the men were entitled to &C
cording to the Little Steel formula.
Now, in a highly unusual procedure.
a special board has been named to
re-study the matter.
This case, while involving only
about $500 workmen, has important
implications because of the current
demands of rail unions for a wage
increase nationally. Mr.. Vinson has
turned down an eight-cent award
recommended for incorporating
unions by presidential board,
holding, as in the Pacific Electric
case. that an eaflier raise-in 194l-
gave the workers the Is per cent
permitted by the Little Steel"
Evening star., 1943-07-28
Strike Indictments

indictments Of thirty leaders of a
recent strike in Southwestern Penn
sylvania coal mines are the first
prosecutions started under the
Smith Connally antistrike law,
passed over the Presidents veto. But
1t is interesting to note that the
section of the law under which these
indictments were found Is one of
the seven sections which had the
Presidents sympathy as to detectives,
1t in his veto message the President
said:
Section Six makes it criminal
of1ense to instigate direct or aid a
strike in Governments owned plant
or mine. This would make possible
the arrest of few leaders who would
give bond for their appearance at
trial. 1t would assure punishment of
those found guilty and might also
have some deterrent effect. But it
would not assure continuance of war
production in the most critical
emergencies.
There is no way to assure continu-
ance of war production IN critical
emergencies, if the men engaged in
war production all put down their
tools and stop work. No law can be
nearly as effective in assuring war
production as the patriotic willing
ness Of the cit!Zens-which the vast
majority Of them have demonstrated
to keep production lines operating.
II we had to depend solely on a law
to prevent strikes in war industries,
we would indeed be in a bad way.
But the great majority of citizens
will agree. on the ether hand, that
there should be punishment for men
found guilty of instigating, direct
ing or aiding a strike which serves
to shut down the flow of material
needed to fight this war. Why should
such men 60 unpunished for their
deliberate sabotage of the war effort?
We agree that the demands Of mill
tary discipline, the safety of lives
and property, justify trial and pun
ishment Of the weary soldier who
falls asleep on guard duty. Why
should any one doubt the righteous
ness or the efficacy of law that re-
quires trial and punishment of ci-
VILLAINS not for neglect but for willful
obstruction of war production by
Government-operated plant?
The efficacy of the law will be
demonstrated If the National Gov
ernment lends to it's enforcement
dignity and determination in keep
ing with the seriousness of the Of
fense.
Evening star., 1943-07-28
The Traitors

Indictments for treason have been
rare In this country Convictions
have been rarer still. When the
President recently commuted the
death sentence imposed on Max
Stephan of Detroit. he kept clear
record which probably is unique. No
citizen has ever been put to death
under Federal law for treason
against the United States.
But there is an interesting point in
connection with the indictment for
treason of the eight citizens who
have been broadcasting poisonous
propaganda from Germany and Italy
against their native land. For in
all respects save its meaning in law,
they have convicted themselves.
They have proclaimed their treason
to the world. beamed it over short
wave to their fellow citizens here at
home. There can be no doubt as to
their guilt. They literally broadcast
it, to all who could hear.
Some day the law may take it's
course in these cases. Some day
these wretched men and women may
seek haven in the land they tried
to betray. But any punishment the
courts could inflict would be a mere
formality. They have no friends
anywhere. for a traitor is despised
by all people. Wherever they 60,
whatever they do. they will be
Stunned, left to suffer in the degra-
dation they brought upon them
selves.
Evening star., 1943-07-28
Gathering HuckIeberries

Across blond fields OF stubble where
the young quail
Haze learned already hon to
Uhistle nell,
Along the fringe of wood are hnckle-
berries
In their dark blue abundance. You
can tell
With eyes closed tight phtch berries
are the ripest,
For at a gentle touch the clinoing
stem
Loosens the fruits. In less time than
minute
The bottom OF the pail is hid By
them,
And all the inside OF the bucket
lighted
With glo,ping amethyst. AL, all Is
song
Within the breast, the ,phile the pail
is filling -.
Such dear. s,Deet songs to be re-
n1embered long.
ROSE MYRA PHILLIPS.
Evening star., 1943-07-28
THIS AND THAT
By Charles Z. Trace1Dell.

He has his scouts on a roof peak, so
that the moment feeding is resumed, he
will be informed Of it. Just how the
some scientists. believe that he used a
sort of radio wave.
Starlings, too, use system OF scouts.
Often in winter the observer will see
a lone starting perched on the cornice of
a house, or some ledge or downspout.
He is not there just by chance.
He was sent there by the mass wisdom
OF the startling bands.
His duty Is to spot the first crumbs
OF bread which are thrown out by some
kind-hearted resident.
1t is not strange that he flies down
instantly to the feast, but the odd part
Of 1t is that in doing SO he somehow
manages to inform the others, because
within few minutes scores of them are
present
This is but one of the ways in which
this clever bird manages to live in a
highly competitive world.
Another Is what might be called his
pedal wisdom.
That is, his cleverness about his feet.
Possessing rather tender claws, he
manages to keep them warm in winter
by roosting on houses in which heat is
kept up all night.
All birds run normal temperature of
100 degrees, or even higher, but the
startling has temperature of about l03
degrees, in contrast to our 98-plus.
The startling has discovered that there
Is more heat at night in the Government
structures. hence his fondness for the
lodges of the great buildings downtown.
The startling Is one of the few birds
which will eat Japanese beetles.
If the entire startling bands were pres
ent here in the summer, they no doubt
would clean up the beetle pests.
The problem of the control OF the
Japanese beetle, then, Is that of in
ducing the starlings to stay here when
they are most needed
The powerful beak of the bird Is able
to penetrate the hard shell of the beetle.
oCner species which might do this do
not seem to relish the taste.
The Startling is very much misunder-
stood musician. He is somewhat shy
when it comes to his best singing, so
he is seldom given credit for the really
sweet notes he makes
Too many starlings at bird feeding
station undoubtedly are a nuisance, but
a few OF them need not be chased away,
but rather watched, because of their in
teresting ways and wise habits. 1t is not
generally realized, we believe, that the
starting is one of the few birds which
literally has enough sense to come in
out of the rain" It will often seek the
shelter OF feeding station in rain or
snow. not to eat, but just to perch there
ont Of the weather.
Evening star., 1943-07-28
Dictutors' Destinies

The fate of dictators is not invari-
ably tragic. Acknowledged tyrants
occasionally finish their lives in
peace and relative obscurity.
Certain of Mussolini's forerunners,
it is true, were less fortunate. Julius
Caesar was assassinated in the Sen
ate at Rome. March IS, "A BIC; Cola
di Rienzi, who sought to revive the
glories of the Golden Age, was torn
to pieces by a disillusioned mob,
October s, 1854. and Tommaso Aniel-
10, or Masaniello, the Amalf1 fisher
man who got himself elected cap
tain-general' of Naples and intended
dominating all Italy, likewise was
destroyed by the proletariat, July
16, 1647.
In France also some dictators came
to sudden grief. Jean Paul Marat,
the ruthless president of the Com
mune in the Reign of Terror, was
murdered by Charlotte Corday to
save hundred thousand of his pros
pective victims, July 13, 1898; Georges
Jacques Danton, the Cordelier leader
whose crimes were numberless, was
guillotined, April 6, 1894. and Maxi
milien Robespierre, the Jacobin ire
former" who ordered the execution
OF only two thousand seven hundred
and seventy four persons ranging in
age from fourteen to ninety-seven,
was submitted to the same machine
Of justice, July %, the same year. But
Napoleon I, surrendering to his oldest
enemies, died of natural causes on
the barren rock of Saint Helena in
the South Atlantic, May 5, 1921, and
Evening star., 1943-07-28
Objections to Intervention
In World Affairs.

In World Affairs
To the Editor of The Star:
After reading excepts from Vice
President Wallace's speeches, one has
reason to pause and ask: Why should
America take responsibility for better
world order" after the war?
Are we so conceited as to believe that
we shall have very much to say about
European problems in the future?
A poll taken in Great Britain as to
which country has contributed most
toward winning the war resulted in
only per cent choice of the United
States. Then does it seem likely that
We shall be considered very important
when the war is over
First of all, are we capable OF doing
anything constructive? Facts make one
doubt it. Our 'boondoggling" abroad has
infuriated many native governments by
setting up New Deal wage levels and
harboring labor racketeering by de-
manding union labor on various projects.
Our fresh young employees with New
Deal ardor are handling problems
abroad after their own ideas, with no
regard for our State Department. Our
armies are full of righteously angry
young privates working for $50 a month
while labor union members are drawing
$500 to $1,000 a month doing the same
sort of work.
Our starry y-eyed ones in Labrador and
other northern places have raised the
pay OF Eskimos from So a week to about
$50, thus making it unnecessary for
them to work more than half their
time. The result is that there is
scarcity Of fish and furs.
The same conditions exist in foreign
countries among our various Govern
ment of1ices there as it does here in
MISUNDERSTANDING and duplica-
ton.
Let us straighten out our own mess
before taking on, or asking for,
Europe's. There should be . curb on
our fantastic promises and our exag-
serated internationalism.
MRS. q. B. W.
Evening star., 1943-07-28
Huskin's Answers
To Questions
BIZ Frederic J, Hdskin

A reader can get the dns,Uer to anu
question OF fact by ,Driting The Epe-
ming Star Information Bureau, Fred
eric J. HGsktn, director, Washinyton,
D. C. Please inclose stamp for return
postage.
@. Does Key West. Fla, rely upon
rain water for drinking purposes?-A. A.
A. According to the United States
Public Health Service, there are no
cities of any size in the United States
that rely upon rain water for drinking
purposes. Key West now has a pipe
line. which carries water from the main
land.
c. How is the Negro population dis
tributed in the United States?-L. P.
A. According to the 1910 census, ap-
proximately II per cent of the Negro
population is in the South. 21.7 per cent
in the North and l3 per cent in the
West.
O. What is the State bird Of South
Dakota ?-R. G. B.
A. The Legislature recently designated
the ring -necked pheasant as the official
State bird of South Dakota.
Evening star., 1943-07-28
WEDNESDAY
A Step Lonq Overdue

It Is gratifying that the Interstate
Commerce Commission is going into
the matter of fares charged for pub
lie transportation between Washing
ton and nearby points in Virginia.
The public hearing now ordered for
August IL promises the first real
opportunity up to this time to ex-
anime some of the inequities which
have become so apparent with the
increasing number of Federal estab-
lishments located beyond the Dis
trict line. Secretary Stimson, think
ing evidently of War Department
employees living in Washington and
working in the Pentagon and other
buildings in that vicinity, deserves
credit for making a protest that may
bring a showdown.
It had been hoped that efforts on
the part of Senator McCarran,
chairman of the Senate District
Committee, and Senator Burton OF
Ohio to bring about a voluntary
agreement on the part of the trac-
ton lines for uniform and cheaper
fares, would produce results. But
nothing materialized, beyond legis-
lation which Senator McCarran has
introduced, the effect of which will
be to place Federal areas in Mary
land and Virginia near Washington
under jurisdiction of District Of Co
lumbia agencies. Hearings on that
measure may begin after the sum-
mer recess, and the ices own in
vestigation may furnish helpful
background.
The inequalities in fares and ex-
cessive charges for transportation to
outlying Government buildings re-
suit primarily from the absence OF
any effective regulatory control by a
public agency. AS The Star has
pointed out many times, such con-
troll is so divided between the Public
Utilities Commission in the District
and comparable agencies in Mary
land and Virginia that there Is
practically no control at all. The
ices approval Of fares is based on
only nominal investigation: as
matter of fact. it consists essentially
in accepting the tariffs, in the abb
sence of public protest, for which
the companies petition. If it is found
that the independent operations of
the lines serving such points at the
Pentagon Building are not in them
selves profitable, then consideration
should be given to including such
costs as part of the operating ex-
pense of the companies as a whole.
With jurisdiction now divided be-
tween local regulatory agencies, that
is evidently impossible now
Under Senator McCarran's bill, the
District Public Utilities Commission
and other District agencies would
assume control over Federal areas
in nearby Virginia as if they were in
the District of Columbia. Surveys by
Army engineers to establish the
boundaries of such areas are now
under way. This may prove the sat-
isfactory solution of many problems
arising from the mo mans land"
now represented in some of these
areas, as far as the National Gov
ernment is concerned. But if the
costs of such enlarged jurisdiction
are saddled on the local taxpayer,
who is paying now about 90 per cent
Of the cost Of government in the Dis
trict of Columbia, this solution will
couraging to know that Senator Nc
Carran feels the same way about it
and does not plan to let that happen.
Evening star., 1943-07-28
Address

O. Why are Jewish prayers Worded in
the plural?-D. F.
A. Edidin. in Jewish Customs and
Ceremonies says that because the Jews
have emphasized public or communal
worship from ancient times their
prayers with a few exceptions are
worded in the plural rather than in
the singular.
@. Please give the title of the new
governing body of the French Empire
E. L. H.
A. The French Committee OF Ma
tional Liberia ton. of which Gems. Giraud
and De Gaulle are the presidents
G. Has any cne ever estimated the
number of letters in the Bble?-F E.
A. DR.. John Horne counted 2728 100
letters in the Old Testament and 1895. $50
in the New Testament. making total
of 1856 $50, Mark G. Goodger counted
1886 ,4a0 letters in the Bible.
O. Where is Robert Louis Stevenson
buried?-E. G.
A. The body of Robert Louis Steven
son is inferred on the mountain side Of
the island of Upolu in Samoa, in the
South Pacific Ocean.
@. Can a submarine 90 to the bottom
of the ocean?-F. E. o.
A. The Navy Department saws that II
the depth Of the water is such that the
pressure exceeds the strength of the
l,,ll If
up. and the submarine will distintegrate.
If the water is shallow. that is. within
the maximum depth Of the submarine.
the submarine will 60 to the bottom. re-
naming stationary unless shifted by
current, the tide or storm.
@. When did street letter boxes come
into use?-L. P. o.
A. Street letter boxes were set UP In
Boston on August 2, 1853.
@. To what extent does smoke reduce
the sunshine in New York City,
V. R Y.
A. Smoke reduces the sunshine of an
average bright day by 81 per cent in
the early morning and IA per cent at
noon.
@. Do storms occur frequently In the
Arctic regions?-W. J. C.
A. One of the outstanding conclusions
by DR.. Nansen after his observations in
the Arctic Is that this is one OF the
least stormy large regions of the world.
DR.. Stefansson's observations have
tended to confirm this statement. In
many parts violent gales are absent
and the snowfall is less than that in
Pennsylvania.
@. What is the prevailing religion Of
Iceland?-A. P. L.
A. OF 1celand's 10000 people, $4,000
are Lutherans. Some 10000 1celanders
profess no faith at all.
@. Did Edmund HALEY. the English
astronomer, live to see the return of his
comet?-L. E. F.
A. He did not. HALEY died on January
IA. 1742. in his 86th year; the comet
which he discovered reappeared on
Christmas Day, 1853, as he had pre-
dicted
@. From what countries does thu
United States normally import cork?-
E. K
A. Cork grows in commercial ouanti-
ties in the countries bordering the
Mediterranean Sea. The United States
imports cork principally from Portugal,
Spain, Algeria and Morocco.
Evening star., 1943-07-28
Southern SIont
Richmond News Leader.

From the Richmond News Leader.
One explanation Of mismanagement is
the theory that q Harvard law school
graduate knows more about farming than
. mere farmer. .....
Evening star., 1943-07-28
Letters to the Editor

Letters to the Editor must
bear the name and address OF
the lDriter, although the use of
a pSeudonyn1 for publication is
permissible. The Star reserUes
the right to edit all letters Nth
a Uie1c to condensation.