davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1943-07-04
Reds May Strike
Bv John Gruver.

Summer and solid military footing
find great and significant changes on the
central Russian front.
What is most important to the world
is the fact that there Is doubt about
whether the Russians or the Germans
will attack first. That the Russians
have become strong enough to mount a
summer offensive, without aid from
their old ally, General Winter, is de-
velopment OF major proportions.
Summer Of 1912 saw different pic
ture Then it was obvious that only the
Germans were strong enough to venture
an attack. with the Russians grimly on
Defense hoping for the early advent of
winter.
Now even the Germans admit that the
Russians are able to attack this summer.
This is automatic proof that the Red
Army has greatly augmented its mech.
anized equipment and can risk NUM-
tions and men in an offensive the while
reserving adequate forces and material
for defense.
Likely Spot for Drive.
All advices from both sides of the line
indicate that the central Russian front,
from Smolensk to Kharkov Is the like
liest site for the big push, whichever side
starts the great columns moving for
ward.
The front there is composed Of great
salients. In certain sectors, such as
Kharkov and Orel, the Nazis have the
advantage OF position. Near Kursk and
Smolensk the bulges in the line favor
the Russians.
The fighting OF the past few weeks, by
account of both sides. has been first
round sparring. The Russians must be
conceded an edge in the opening blows.
The salient 10 miles deep and 80 miles
wide driven into Nazi lines west of
Kursk threatens vital communications.
Underground sources on the continent,
reporting to refugee governments in
London. said the Germans had planned
their offensive to start last week, but
that Marshal Won Book hastily post
poned it when the Red push on Kursk
upset his supply plans.
The Russians have also made i'm
portant gains along the Mtensk-Zhiz-
dra line northwest of Orel. A Nazi push
aimed at Moscow from the Orel salient
must wait until these gains have been
won back.
New Tactics.
A tactic new to the Russian front. the
heavy bombing of key objectives behind
the lines has been increasingly evident
in dispatches from both sides. The
Germans raided Kursk and Cork in
force, while the Red aviation units have
consistently pounded rail functions and
supply dumps back of the German lines
The Reds have claimed air superiority
in the last MONTH augmenting the re-
port that United States lease-lend air.
craft in quantity is making its weight
felt In Russia.
Whatever develops. the fact that Rus
sia enters the summer season so strong
that Russian offensive is not only pos
sible but likely is happy augury for the
United Nations.
Evening star., 1943-07-04
Vital Oil Field
.w.
poSsISlE RUSSIAN ATTACKS
BY B. T. Richardson

~ Ds ANsSp~S ~SV"
OTTAWA.-When army authorities
lifted censorship partially on the war
time development Of Fort Norman oil
field on the Mackenzie River, they al
lowed the public a glance at one OF
several great developments In North
western Canada The Alaska highway,
which no one now calls the Alcan high
way, attracted world attention a year
ago. Not less as construction achieve
ment, by the United States Army Engi-
neers and private contractors, is the
building OF 1000 miles of pipeline
through tundra and mountains where
the Rockies extend to the Arctic.
The project has been known in United
States Army records as Canadian OIL"
and trucks bearing the name "Canol"
have been familiar for year in cities
like Edmonton. Alberta: Movement of
men and equipment on large scale,
northward from Edmonton by rail to
waterways on the Athabasca River, then
down river to Fort Norman, could not
be carried out without thousands Of
people knowing. But the secret of the
new Arctic oil field has been we'll kept
The Fort Norman oil deposit has been
known for 70 years. and some Of that
time an old we'll spouting oil under
pressure has been burning beacon for
the wilderness. Two wells have been
producing crude for Imperial Oil Co S
small-scale refinery on the Mackenzie
River. Enough aviation gasoline to
serve bush flying needs of commercial
air companies has been produced there
for several years, in addition to mining
company needs.
At least so new wells, every one pro-
ducer are reported to have been drilled
in the Norman area since l94l. The oil
will travel by pipeline from the Macken-
zie River to Whitehorse, key point on the
Alaska highway and strategic air center
Of the Northwest. The pipeline runs
through rough and uncharted country.
Low-lying Mackenzie Mountains, visible
in the west from Fort Norman, are the
first obstacle. Then peaks rise from 5000
to 5000 feet in the northern extension OF
the Rocky Mountains. The pipe crosses
turbulent streams and lies on frozen
earth that never thaws. 1t is not finished
yet, but will be by the end of 1943
Refinery facilities are being erected TO
handle the OIL producing high-oct
gasoline as we'll as truck fuel. Reports
coming out Of the north have suggested
the Fort Norman oil field has proven tar
larger than expected. Economically and
geographically, the field has become OF
tremenuos Importance. While the war
goes on, it will feed the machines which
will carry the fight to the Japanese. IL
the United States ever selects the Aleu-
tian Islands chain to get to Toxic, Fort
Norman gasoline will help run the en-
gines in the airplanes carrying the block
busters over Japan.
After the war, the Fort Norman oil
and gasoline probably will come south
to supply Industrial needs in CANADA ana
the United States. There's little chance
that wars end will mean the hard work
and the pipeline will be forgotten.
Evening star., 1943-07-04
Of the Ruhr industries have escaped
bombings altogether.
Continued From Page CID

Of the Ruhr industries have escaped
bombings altogether.
Finally, reinforced German defenses
have increased the attackers losses to
degree which cannot be overlooked. A
recent study made by a neutral observer
here, who is in good position to know,
suggests that the attackers lost nearly
10 per cent of their planes in the latest
raids. To bring about the complete COL
lapse of German war economy and Ger
man morale would need far more extern
sive raids from closer airdromes.
The Colossus Tires.
Today the Allied air offensive is firing
the colossus, forcing him to remain on
the defensive-brt there are no signs
yet of its knocking him out.
So far no adequate means Of defense
has been found by the Nazis against
Allied bombings and If they do not find
one soon, they stand good chance Of
losing the Battle of the Ruhr.
This is the considered opinion Of one
Of the best Allied military experts here
and his views would seem confirmed by
the seriousness with which the Nazis are
viewing the Allied air offensive these
days.
The most effective NaA defense
weapon, experts here state, is undoubted-
ly the fighter to which most Allied plane
losses are attributable. That the Nazis
know this themselves is indicated by
the fact that they are concentrating all
their efforts today in building fighters
rather than bombers. According to re-
liable information here, four fighters are
being built in Germany today to every
one bomber-a fact which, incidentally,
Indicates that the Nazi talk of offensive
feprisals is so much bluff.
Germany's fighter strength in West
and Northwest Germany is estimated at
1000 planes although naturally only a
fraction of these can be put in the air
at the same time. But even this num-
ber has proved insufficient against the
American Flying Fortresses which the
Nazis are very wary of attacking even
when they are not escorted
Next to fighters, the Nazis place their
hopes-or rather did-in their 'iak
towers" Practically every German town
threatened by bombing has its protect tive
flax tower-a massive concrete construc-
ton some 50 meters high and 50 meters
broad (l63 by 1853 feet), manned by a
garrison 400 strong. On the upper plat
forms Of these towers are installed the
most powerful antiaircraft guns that
Evening star., 1943-07-04

/ manian fields and between 100000 and
Manufacture of that amount Of syn
thetics requires about $4,000, ,000, 900 kilo-
watt hours out of Germanys maximum
80 600, 100000 kilowatt hours of electrical
energy, total, however. substantially cut
by the Ruhr Valley raids.
German industry is reported to be
turning out about 300 simplified models
of locomotives for her rail lines per
month, but is forced to discard $50 to 200
wornout engines during the same period
In addition, in May alone, $50 locomo-
Jves we're destroyed by air attacks. Plane
production, which prior to this year was
said to be at maximum rate of 5000
month"; has dropped to 2,l00. of which
two-thirds are fighters required for de-
fense against mounting Allied raids.
Italy's production of 1900 per month Is
down to 600 or TOO.
Only in submarines has there been a
gain and Is or 90 are reported launched
each month instead of 10 as of last year.
However, Allied successes in combating
the submarines, due largely to escort
carriers and helicopters as well as addi-
tional escort craft, have played havoc
with the undersea boats and during May,
it was claimed. submarine was de-
stroyed for each Allied merchant ship
lost. There were reports that the subs
are being called home to aid in staving
off invasion, but scores will not be pres
ent to answer here when the roll is
called.
Evening star., 1943-07-04
European Front

Allied air action on the European front
was largely centered on Occupied France
and the Low Countries although Cologne
was again shattered with heavy raid by
Raj bombers moving across the Chan
mel Monday night in considerable
strength. Overhanging clouds obscured
the results but many fires were observed
and Berlin, forgetting the past CAM
paigns of its own flyers. protested that
the raid was another serious terror raid
against residential quarters. The Ber-
lin radio also stated that Cologne Cathe-
dral had suffered heavy damage from ex-
plosive and incendiary bombs thus TAX
ing its place in history alongside the
cathedrals of France and England which
have felt the destruction of the Ger
mans although that, IN the Berlin mind,
undoubtedly is something else again.
At the same time Cologne was raided,
its ll7th raid of the war, Hamburg, the
great submarine-b building port also was
attacked. The raid on Hamburg cost the
British Is planes but the damage to the
city and its U-boat center was extensive.
American Flying Fortresses during the
day attacked the submarine base at St.
Nazaire in France and the airfield at
Roger with satisfactory
results. Six FortreSses failed to return
Tuesday, British planes, flying through
heavy fax bombed six Nazi ships in
convoy of Dunkerque at low level and
damaged three of them
American Flying Fortresses made q
foray across the Channel to strike at the
airplane motor works at LIE Mans in
France but low-hanging clouds obscured
the results and many of the bombers re-
turned with their bombs still in the rack
having failed to find satisfactory target
and preferring to risk the landing with
the bombs than jettison them in the
water.
The French coastal area was pounded
Wednesday and Wednesday night and
low-flying Mustangs. Spitf1res and
Typhoons bagged 20 locomotives in
France and Belgium to bring their "a
hour total to 80.
So serious has the destruction OF the
Ruhr and other industries been the Ger
mans have taken to working in the open
air in manufacturing munitions Prof.
Albert Speer. Nazi Minister OF Munitions,
acknowledging this condition, added,
however. that by the proper use of all
available labor. Germany will be able to
keep her production at a satisfactory pace.
Evening star., 1943-07-04
Edge for u. S. Seen in Trade
In Early Years Of Postwar Era
By Sisrid Arne,
Associated Press Stan Writer.

NEW YORK.-Clark Haynes Minor
has the pleasant habit OF talking con-
cretely. He talked for two hours about
tomorrows world. And he didn't once
mention the -four freedoms" But IT
added up to -four freedoms" That's
what mean.
His mental binoculars are worth peer
ing through because of his experience
and his job. His work beat is the world
and 1t has been since 1925 when he be-
came president of the International
General Electric. His job Is selling
American refrigerators, lamps, motors,
meters, and SO on, everywhere from Rio
to Oran.
He's personally seen most Of the places.
He knows the world so well that he can
advise you to save up your shrimp appe-
tite for Cafe Martin just west OF Algiers.
He's driven SO many thousands of miles
in South America that he can okay the
location of a new G. E. plant just by
looking at aerial shots. His chatter
makes the whole globe sound like dear
old Kansas City.
He's stocky, confident man with
smooth, healthy face and an adventurous
twinkle in his blue eyes, and silvery hair
that he matches with light gray suits.
He seems to get great boot out Of life
even out of the hurdles ahead
Here's how he stacks them up.
"Wen Come Out No. II
He thinks we'll come out of the melee
still No. in world markets for a good
deal OF our manufactured goods. Right
after the war; he thinks we have the
best chances to sell in North and South
America, China, and some of the British
colonies.
Europe won't be much good until we
find out what forms Of controls will
govern the continent.
He cautions a sharp watch for chang
ing signals. He suspects the steel
industry will suffer some jolts. The
war has mushroomed new steel plants
in Australia. India and Brazil Which Of
our customers will they take? At what
prices will they sell? How good will
their steel be?
The Ameican industry can't help but
feel effects" he says.
war" he recalls
Before the war the Western Hemi-
sphere had monopoly in copper. Then
huge deposits were found in South
Africa So after the war We couldn't
sell our ore in some of the old markets
And va had S-nort corpor
This time the whole raw material
picture may change. We've developed
substitutes that are still military secrets
It's perfectly possible that we'll make
synthetic rubber much cheaper than We
can ship in the raw rubber from the
Indies. That would mean a new shift,
in trade lanes. And a new center o1
gravity.
Cities can change. Again new cen.
ters Of gravity. Take Shanghai. Thai
was big distribution center But
Chinas industries have moved inland
Will they move back to the coasta
cities? China has found huge deposit.
OF raw materials inland that were never
known. Maybe Chungking will become
the distribution center. He can't tell. >
Will Be Busy at Home.
Will the new factories in China anc
Russia affect us?
Not for 10 years at least" he saws
They'll be so busy making goods fol
themselves they won't have much to sci
In world markets"
He points out that, anyway, indus
trialization is nothing to fear. Indus
trialized nations have always been ou,
hest customers 1t's an apoypaI, how'd
Evening star., 1943-07-04
Mediterranean Front

Following up raid the week before
on Salonika, Greek port at the head of
the Aegean Sea. Liberators of the 9th
United States Air Force struck at air
fields defending Athens Sunday and
caused serious destruction to hangers
and other facilities. Strong opposition
came from Axis aircraft of which seven
were definitely destroyed and eight prob
ably. Propaganda leaflets were dropped,
also, assuring the Greeks of the friend
ship Of the United States.
While this attack was on. 100 Flying
Fortresses made an 1,1O0-mile flight to
blast Leghorn, Northern Italian port
where fuel tanks, railway yards and in
dustrial plants were smashed A cruiser
and four supply ships were also hit by
some of the hundreds of bombs which
were dropped. Five hours later the city
was still covered by thick pail of smoke
which rose from the burning fuel tanks.
all of which were reported ablaze with
the adjacent refinery also suffering heavy
damage. Even the Italians admitted
serious loss in the raid which met little
opposition
Airflelds on Sardinia were blasted by
American medium bombers and British
Wellingtons raided San Giovanni near
the toe of the italian mainland.
Tuesday both ends of Sicilys ferry
connecting with the mainland were at
tackled, Reggie Callabria on the MAIN
land being particularly hard hit while
many times bombed Messina on the
island 2 miles away received another
going g-over. It was claimed at Allied air
headquarters that the Mediterranean
from Africa 10 Sicily Is now under a
complete air umbrella
Palermo, important air and naval base
on the northern shore of Sicily was
visited by the hesvyweights on Wednes-
day and an Italian communique con-
ceded heavy damage had been done
Lesser raids occurred on other Italian
strong points on both Sicily and Sardinia.
Thursday 1t was the turn of Cagliari
main port on Sardinia, and a satisfactory
blasting was given that unhappy city.
Minor raids followed Friday Consider
able success was had against enemy ship
ping during the week and a survey of
conditions generally told of serious riot
ing in Greece with the Axis taking stern
action against the rioters. executing sew
eral hundred and tabbing others for
future attention.
As the week ended 100 American
Liberators pounded three airfields near
Taranto with 100000 pounds Of bombs
Taranto is a main naval base inside the
heel of the mainland. Castelvetrano on
Sicily also was attacked.
Evening star., 1943-07-04
Americas SD Week of War
2OOth Week of World War II
By Howard p. Bailey.


With attention centered
blasting industry
backened the Axis shocked
of other
With advance American landed
south other Allied forces established quickly
Evening star., 1943-07-04

for the layman to understand. But the
annual export records show that We sold
more to England, France and Germany
with all their factories-than we did to
the Argentine. India and Persia. for
example, with comparatively no manu-
featuring.
He illustrates With the General Electric
plant in Brazil which makes electric light
bulbs. It's 20 years old. 1t employees
1000 Brazilians.
"At first we had to feed those people.
They ate such limited diet they couldn't
work full day. Then we found they
had no shoes. So We gave them shoes to
wear at work. They carried them back
and forth.
But they were earning good wages.
Soon they bought their own shoes.
wish you could see them now. They're as
we'll groomed and healthy set of work.
ing people as you can find anywhere.
Their incomes expanded. Their desires
and buying grew. They opened new
markets for American goods"
There's been much criticism OF Amer
ican business methods abroad. But Mr..
Minor thinks no other nation does as
much welfare work for its foreign
employees.
He agrees that we can also lose markets
when countries become industrialized.
But we have a rabbit in reserve.
Home Buying Gives Edge.
He takes five horsepower motors as an
example. We sell them to a country.
They begin to ouy good many and the
motor isn't too complicated to copy, so
the country sets up its own factories.
We can't meet their prices because our
price must include the cost of packing
and shipping. So we lose that market
for motors.
But our engineers dream up new
model that's so good it cuts the cost
of operation. and again We sell because
cost price plus upkeep is lower.
That engineering ingenuity. Mr.. Minor
says, will keep us on top of the heap for
long time to come. That. and one
other rabbit in the hat: Our huge home
market.
He explains that when G. E. begins
to buy machine tools to turn out new
IIlOOCl, ~ Cdll llS Oll SClls
ing 100000 here at home. That will
either cover the cost of the tools or
come close to it. So what we sell abroad
about qualities as velvet.
| But take an English competitor" he
| said. He only can figure on selling
300 900 models in his home market. He
can't afford, on that, to tool up for such
complicated product.
So if we keep our engineering wits
about us, I can't see country, yet, to
touch u.s.
He thinks expansion in the big indus
tries will be so general that the big
ones will have plants in most of the
countries Of the world to assemble or to
partially manufacture products for the
immediate area.
That's probably one reason he dropped
his desk chores and went to Washington
during the fight to extend the reciprocal
trade agreements Mr. Minor-and he
Republican in good and loyal stand
ing-was one of the bigger influences
in helping to save Secretary Hull's for
eign trade policy.
He was SO afraid that his move would
get the special interest tag that he
collected sort of newspaper city desk
about him which rushed out series OF
pamphlets about the trade agreements.
He found that womens clubs aplenty
were in there pitching on his side. They
delivered the pamphlets
Now, he says the proponents Of free
world trade have two-year lease for
! further education.
Evening star., 1943-07-04
New Georgia Threat japanese Holdings Soomons Area

toward Chunsking reveal that there
have been $4,000 killed or wounded and
20 taken prisoner.
American and British bombers had
some additional successes in attacks on
Japanese bases in Burma, forerunners,
no doubt. Of the drive which sooner or
later will come against the Japs in that
direction.
Evening star., 1943-07-04
Continued From Page C-1)

plotted the Koreans. But that will come
later.
For the time being, while they are
doing their utmost to create a powerful
circle to defend Japan and her newly
The Waterbury Democrat., 1943-01-26
PENSIONERS MUST
 RESIDE IN CITY
Senator TObin Also Plans Bill to Obtain Wage In.
 crease for Fire, Police

A large number of former city pensions would be affected by employees now receiving municipal passage of Senator John F. Tobin's bill requiring that all pensioners live within the city limits. Princi- pal among those who would be hit are ex-Supt. of Schools Berlin W. Tinker, now living in Fryeburg, Me, and ex-Police Supt. George w. Beach, who lives in WatertownS but there are many others.
 Persons receiving money from the city in the form of pensions should spend their money in the city, ar- gues Senator Tohin, since their pen- sons are paid by taxes from persons who do live here.
 The bill would direct the with holding of pension payments to per- sons otherwise qualified when they do not live in this city.
 Another of Senator Tobin's bills would give pay increase to all policemen and firemen. The bill is as yet blank and the amount of the increase is not listed.
 The $500 a year raise which went into effect January 1 is not a per- manent increase, being listed in the city budget as Q "cost of living ad- juStlner1t."
The Waterbury Democrat., 1943-01-26
LOST
 IN BRITISH RAID
COnlr1andOs Unable to See German Fire Due to
 Poor Visibility

London, Jan. 26.-(UP)-Britlsh commando forces have made a "very successful" raid on the Nor- wegian coast, 1t was said authori- tatiVely today.
 Berlin reported yesterday that seven British motor torpedo boats attempted" to penetrate Norwegian coastal water Sunday night neA- Larvik, 70 miles south of Oslo on the Oslofjord.
 This meant that the British had penetrated the heavily mined ano heavily defended Swagerrak between Norway and Denmark. i....
 Berlin said the raiders were driven back before they reached the shore by German coast guns and patro boats. Admitting that because of bad visibility, the result of the German fire could not be seen, Berlin added hopefully that later airplanes saw only five British boats 30 that Ut must be assumed that two British boats perished in the attempt"
 Informants said here that small combined operations or commando raids were being carried out con- stantly.
 The Germans, they said, repeated ly sought information on such oper- ations by broadcasting misleading reports of them, and that combined operations headquarters had no in- tention of helping them by issuing communiques or otherwise giving details.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1943-01-26

JAN. 31.-Sugar coupon No. 10 good for three pounds through this date.
 FEB. 7-Coffee coupon No. 28 good for one pound through this date.
 FEB. 2O-Fuel Oil coupon No. 3 good for II gallons through this date.
 FEB. 2S--DeadIine for tire inspec- ton for holders fo B and c mile- age ratiOning books.
 MARCH 21-Last day for use of No. ( coupons in gasoline A books.
 MARCH 31-Extended deadline for tire inspection for A book hold CTS. e,.. :, .