davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1943-12-16

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rifty Christmas-give |
Keep on backing the
Evening star., 1943-12-16
Bond Market:
Nufnithed b the AsssufAte6 PresS.

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Make it a thrift
War Bonds. Kee
attack.
Evening star., 1943-07-26

that it will be presented to Con-
gress. 1t is gratifying that what
ever the plan is, it will be sought by
legislation, rather than through ex-
ecutive order. The War Labor Board,
at the same time, has given new
evidence of its own determination to
hold the line on wage increases.
But what we need more than any
thing else now is public sentiment
firmly resolved to make sacrifices at
home, in a negligible degree COM
parable to the sacrifices we are ask
ing of our men in uniform. We have
sacrificed practically nothing as ci-
villains, nor lowered our standard Of
living. Too many of us have wanted
somebody else to make the sacrifice
and to regard imitation as an evil
thing except when touch OF it bene-
fits our own pocketbooks. If the
President could successfully exercise
his great gift for leadership in the
direction of molding a genuine spirit
of self-Sacrifice at home, many of
the complicated legislative expedi-
ents under consideration to sugar.
coat wars hardships would be un-
necessary. Perhaps he is consider
ing some such appeal in the radio
address reported to be under con-
Sideration now.
Evening star., 1943-07-26
Those Obsolete P-4Os

The Truman Committees criti-
cism OF the Curtiss- Wright P-40
fighter planes (Warhawks) has been
largely discredited by the perform
ance OF these planes in the hands of
their incompatible pilots. But that
criticism has stuck, nevertheless, in
the minds of many people who have
been confused by the committees
tendency to compare types of air.
planes without examining or ex-
planning the functions they were
built to perform. In the commit
tees last report, for instance, the
Air Corps was inferentially criticized
again for failing to substitute for
the P-40 greater quantities of the
PAT, designed for fighting at much
higher altitude. All this has tended
to create problem In morale for
the Air Corps, among the workers
who manufacture the P-40 and the
parents of the boys who fly them.
But the P-40 has a surprising way
of responding to criticism. General
Eisenhower's communique OF Friday
evening contained a brief notation
of sweep over Sardinia by P-40
Warhawks attacking enemy COM
munications. A number of enemy
aircraft were encountered and sew
enteen of them shot down." That
did not tell the full story of this ex-
pedition, which, if complete, would
have demonstrated again the in
incredibly small cost at which these
enemy planes, and even more, were
destroyed on ground -straflng mis-
sion in which aerial combat was
purely incidental. Our war in the
air to date shows that the P-4O and
the Bit, in their respective fields,
are the airplanes that are writing,
and continuing to write, aviation
history
Evening star., 1943-07-26
The Seventh Army

The War Department has good rea-
son to be proud of the American
Seventh Army Its wilirlwind cam
paign in Sicily vindicates again the
methods followed in training our
soldiers. 1t backs up everything that
fine, tough soldier, Lieutenant Gen.
eral Lesley ]. McNair, has said about
the Importance of sending men into
battle knowing what battle is, though
most of them never faced an enemy.
There we're veterans of Tunisia in
the Seventh Army, men of the battle
tried First Division. But there were
other units, tested and proved in
tough training for combat, but not in
combat itself. The Eighty-second
Air borne Discriminating a fine
name from World War I forbears-
was activated less than a year ago.
The Forty-flfth was formed of Ma
tional Guard units, and in it's ranks
were American Indians from twenty
eight tribes, skilled in scouting and
infiltration. The Seventh is typi-
cally American army, the War De-
partment says, and it's men are from
Main street and Broadway, farm,
desk and factory, Regular Army men,
National Guardsmen, organized re-
serves and men who, before the call
to colors, had never fired gun or
heard the rumble of tank" These
are the boys who have won General
Alexanders praise for fighting like
veterans. These are the boys who
advanced from Emma to Palermo,
sixty miles in hfty-seven hours, add
ing to names like Lexington, Valley
Forge, Yorktown, Shiloh, Gettys-
burg, Chateau Thierry, Belleau
Wood, Midway, Wake and Guadal-
canal new names. such as Caltani-
setta, Castelvetrano, Marsala and
Porto Empedocle (which they call
Poole Docle). These are the drug
store cowboys" of few years ago,
the lounge lizards, the jitterbugs,
resolutin' on the campus against
war, raised on a diet of movies and
radio soap operas and the comics
the softies of soft generation, prov
ing our decadence as a Nation, the
despair of their elders and the
laughing stock of Hitler's regi-
mented. goose stepping youth. These
ORC tho hovs God h1eSs them who are
fighting our battles and winning
them, shaping their country's des-
tiny. And there are millions of other
boys like them, in armies now form
ing to take over where the Seventh
leaves off.
Evening star., 1943-07-26
Water Color

Daybreak in June: The siluer btrches
lean
Above the lake in breathless ecstasy
And match their foliage appear be-
t,Deen
The lily Leaves. The hillsides are
OF daisies in ,ohite and yellow tide,
Far, on the skyline, blue-gray
spruce trees ring
The da1Dn like smoke, and In a burst
OF pride
A pheasant leans upon d Je,peled
1otno.
The sunlight cups the hummocks In
her palms
And redrranges shado1ps Nth her
long
Bright fingers, robins, round Nth
morning psalms
Pattern the day wtth color and
,Otth song.
Portrait OF June. Hotp htttno Is tho
A pastoral set In a birch-bdrk frame.
CosETrE MIDDLETON.
Evening star., 1943-07-26
And Now the End

Less than three weeks after Pearl
Harbor, addressing Congress the day
after Christmas in 1941, Winston
Churchill referred to Mussolini in a
scoring phrase of prophecy: THAT
boastful Mussolini," he said, has
crumbled already. He is now but
lackey and serf, the merest utensil
of his masters will"
It was harder to see it then. Six
months after that statement the Serf,
trailing as always his master, had in
f1icted blow on Allied hopes that
seemed catastrophe. The British
had been backed to the Ell Alamein
line, only eight miles from Alex
andria. For the Axis the prospect
was frightening again. 1t seemed
possible that they might regain all
they had lost since the swelling,
breast-beating Duce had told his
people: Now the die is cast, and our
will has burned our ships behind
u.s."
But in the year just past, every
thing this man had sought to build
has collapsed about him. Now he is
through, kicked out like any other
faithless lackey, not by the master to
whom Mr.. Churchill referred but the
the very forces he set in motion two
decades ago-forces he sought to
guide but which neither he, nor any
other man, ever has been competent
to control. What does his partner
think, covering somewhere in Ger
many today? How grim, to him, must
be the lengthening shadows all about
him. cast by his own setting sun!
How he must dread the truth. when
can see the pattern of a parallel,
drawn with deadly certitude by &C
cumulating disaster.
For days the news has echoed the
internal havoc in Italy, wrought by
defeats around the outer rim and by
eruptions among the Italian people,
hopelessly beaten in war they never
wanted, sick with their suffering, be-
trayed by their leader. Marshal
Badoglio's thin words reveal more
clearly than any censored news dis
patch or broadcast the disruption
within, which he is called on now to
hold in check. If possible, until the
assurance OF peace brings with it
some hope of order. The beginning
OF the end? The people of Italy will
welcome the end now, If only for it's
promise Of new beginning.
Evening star., 1943-07-26
THIS AND THAT
By Charles Z. Trace1Dell.

Very little real damage was done by
the "locusts."
We hope that by 1853, if there is any
civilized world left. all persons will be
able to enjoy the music of these crea-
lures, and will not feel that the cicadas
are doing any damage.
1t takes away from the music, to be-
lieve that harm is being done.
Il
Some cicadas require but six years.
others 13, and the most famous the full
17-year period for their full develop
ment.
This is the longest time required for
the development of any insect
One odd feature OF the life of the IT.
year locust is that. for all the mighty
noise or music made by the males, there
is no evidence that the females ever
hear It,
Scientists do not feel that the effort is
wasted, however, for they believe that
the vibrations are caught by the females,
even If the latter does not hear" them
as human hears them from the ground.
Song birds do not need to hear them
they see them, and eat them by the
thousands
During May and June, 1896, wild birds
were so busy eating locusts that they did
not have time to bother with mulberries
and for the first time in many years the
berries rotted on the ground
r ~
The female locust cuts Sits In twigs
of oaks and other trees, and deposits
her eggs in the cracks.
A month to six weeks are required for
the young to hatch, when they drop to
the ground and bury themselves.
Many twigs. however. fall to the ground
long before this period is up.
The insects in their larval stage in
the ground may do some damage to
plants and flowers.
There are so many forms of life eating
away beneath the surface that it is i'm
possible to single out the damage the
cicadas do.
They remain quietly for II years, more
or less, while many things are happen
ing in the human world.
Since they we're here before, we have
had World War II: maybe we will be
getting ready fer another one in 1853,
who knows?
When the cicadas come out Of the
ground. they leave their shells. and be-
come mature insects. the touch of the
air hardening their new cases in a few
minutes.
1t is possible to see them turning into
handsome brown insects, with red eyes
and red wing veins.
There seem to be two broods Of true
17year "locusts," or cicadas. One group
appeared in 1897 and 1914, for instance,
and the other in 1900 and 1917, and so on.
Brookville road. in nearby Maryland,
running north from Western avenue
Just a bit east OF Chevy Chase Circle,
was the center OF cicada activity in
1886
Evening star., 1943-07-26
Events Of 1870 Recalled
BY News of Bombing Of Rome.

To the Editor Of The Star:
The bombing of the city of Rome by
American air forces on July 10, 1943,
brings to mind what historians assert
happened on July 49, 1870. France had
declared war on Prussia, and the French
garrison was withdrawn from the papal
city Of Rome, leaving the Vatican in
full control
This, however, proved to be only
temporary measure for Italy was being
unified by Garibaldi under Victor
Emmanuel. On September 20, 1870. Ital-
ian troops wrested the city of Rome
from the papal troops and in De-
cember of the same year, the inhabitants
of Rome accepted union with italy by
popular vote.
Indemnities we're granted by Italy in
1929, in what is known as the Lateran
treaty, when the papal see was restored
to temporal rule over the small section
in Rome now known as the State Of the
City of Vatican.
The great issue over 10 years ago had
been the declaration of the dogma of
the infallibility of the Pope by the
Ecumenical Council on July lS, 1870
just one day prior to the outbreak of
war between France and Prussia. The
Vatican had been irked by the presence
of the French troops in Rome, and the
current press of that time uniformly
claimed that the papal authorities had
urged Prussia to provoke France to a
declaration of war. But the Vatican
failed to prevent Italian ambitions, which
till now have stood athwart her papal
possessions which then had stretched
from the Adriatic Sea to the Mediter-
ranean on the west coast of Italy
Is history repeating? Rome is bombed
on the anniversary of a previous war
which left the papal status unsolved. Is
the City of Vatican waiting to be lib
Grated from Italian restraint today, even
as she desired then to be released from
French restraint?
Will the Allied troops of the United
Nations succeed in knocking at the
gates of Rome, on another anniversary
date, and restore eventually to the City
of Vatican all its prior territorial pos
sessions and temporal rule in a far
greater measure than she enjoys today.
finally to give to the Pope place at
the peace table, If not at its head?
CHARLES A. RENTFRO.
Evening star., 1943-07-26
POTOMAC AVENUE.

Dear Sir:
Il have been reading your column
several years and enjoy everything. Re-
Gently have found large holes in the
ground in my yard. They are foot or
more deep. 1 also found several shells Of
a bug think is the 17-year locust.
have not found the live bug.
"One shell was on newly painted post.
Do you think 1t really is locust?
am aWfully timid about bugs, and they
surely are big.
Il had big fat thrush take bath in
a sardine can l filled for the sparrows
1t was funny.
Yours truly, J. O."
The true 17-year locust, or cicada,
does not appear again until 1858. hav-
ing put on show here in May and
June. 1886.
The annual types are what were found
by our correspondent.
The trail of small branches of oak
and the like is much the same, these
being the places in which the eggs are
LAID
The male sings, but not with the true
musical abandon of the l7-year cicadas.
We will never forget the 1886 vista
ton.
1t was the first time, in our personal
experience, that we had ever heard or
seen the cicadas.
We look forward to 1858, as all nature
1ovcrc IN oil thoro ie
sound like that of the mighty orchestra
of nature made by those insects.
It is really orchestral, rather than
choral, because each male insect is a
sort of animated violoncello.
There is a membrane attached to in
ner muscles on each side at the base of
the abdomen. The vibration of this
membrane produces the noise, probably
the loudest made by any insect in the
world.
at once, the effect is truly electrifying, if
the listener has any appre ton for
music, and also for the things of nature
1t will be recognized that here is
natural music Of true grandeur. Yet
many persons overlook it totally, speak
ing only of the noise" made by the ci-
caGas
1t is more than Just noise. 1t is music
swelling and diminishing, with some of
the real effects of the orchestras.
In 1886 the weather was very hot. and
quite drV in distinction to the mupgy
weather of this summer.
The cicadas enjoyed every minute of it..
You could tell it by the way they sang.
They came out of their holes in yards
and fields and went along street, over
lawns, up trees, to catch the sun aloft,
and to sing and die. finally.
Many persons believed that trees were
being ruined, but all they received was
a pruning.
Evening star., 1943-07-26
Our Greatest Need

Senator Taft of Ohio, believing
that "stabilization of the cost of
living and of wages by rollbacks to
the level OF September. 1912, pre-
sents an impossible task, has pro-
posed controlled increase" system
for both wages and prices. with the
thought that some imitation in war
time is inevitable. He would limit
wage and price rises to a maximum
OF 6 per cent year. half of l per
cent month. If this plan could be
accomplished successfully, it might
have some psychological advantages,
without accomplishing much else of
practical value. But Senator Taft
has not explained how such a plan
could be administered Tin view of
the difficulties already demonstrated
in bringing about some measure of
stabilization) or what the effect of
it would be on the millions Of unor-
ganized workers and those WHO live
on small, fixed incomes for whom
there is no assurance of increase
save in the cost of living.
More reasonable, certainly, would
be concentration on policy which
sought to make stabilization of prices
and wages really effective from this
time on. The OPA is seeking des-
perately to bring some order out of
condition that is bound to be cha
otto in prices. The effect of what
already has been done is showing
itself in some quarters. The Bureau
of Labor Statistics report for last
month on cost of living, recording a
decrease-small though it is
certainly encouraging, for it reflects
some of the steps which have been
taken to control prices of fooo and
is the first time since 1910 that prices
have not risen.
Organized labor'S leaders are right
in bringing pressure to resist rising
prices But it was disappointing to
find them threatening to withdraw
their own support for wage stabiliza-
ton If certain of their demands are
not met. For this would destroy the
degree of stabilization of living costs
already attained. While the admin
istration backed large-scale pro-
gram of subsidies to roll back prices,
a majority of Congress has shown
itself unwilling to 60 along with an
expedient which, at the expense of
the taxpayers, would add another
fillip to the extraordinarily high pur-
chasing power that already exists.
The President has indicated that
q new program for holding down liv-
Ing costs is in preparation now, and
Evening star., 1943-07-26
The Child Care Centers

After the long fight to get them
established in Washington and the
volume Of testimony as to their need,
it is in a way surprising that the
first week of operation of four child
care centers for the children of war
working mothers finds them operat-
ing at only one sixth of capacity.
But there are logical explanations.
The involved and rather tedious prep
arations, requiring legislative au-
thorization by Congress, securing the
necessary grants of funds, perfect
ing an administrative organization
and enlistment of necessary person.
mel, getting the equipment and Sc
lecting the quarters in available
school buildings-all these steps,
extending over many months, have
tended to obscure rather than clarity
the status of the centers and the
conditions under which working
parents can avail themselves of the
facilities. The location of the four
centers just opened, out of a total
of twenty authorized for the District,
is convenient to only small part of
the population. AS other centers
are opened in other neighborhoods
and as the purpose of the centers
and the nature of their services are
publicized, more working parents
may be expected to apply.
It is reaSSuring, at the same time,
to find that those in charge of this
new experiment-new insofar as
Washington is concerned-are TAX
ing a reasonable and candid view of
the project. The proof of the need
for the centers lies with the commu-
nifty, not with the centers themselves.
If enough parents do not seek their
services, there will be no disposition
to create a fictitious demand. The
centers, financed under Lanham Act
appropriations administered by the
Federal Works Agency, must be so
per cent self-supporting. Half of
the cost, estimated at about $8 per
child per week, must be paid by the
parents. Gross income of the par
ents will permit some of them to pay
all of this; for others, the cost per
child will be scaled down in relation
to ability to pay. AS yet there is no
charge against public funds of the
community.
establishment OF these centers In
| other cities has filled a demonstrated