davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1943-10-12
Stern Assiqnment'

The terrific battles that have been
fought in the air over Germany dur
ing the past few days point definitely
to the conclusion that we are aD-
| preaching the acid test Of our ability
to maintain the pace CT intensive
daylight bombing of the enemy's
industrial centers.
It is evident that the Germans arc
throwing everything they have into
supreme defensive effort, but, &c
spite the heaviest losses, they have
not been able to turn back the mass
formations of the Eighth Air Force.
The battle, according to Lieutenant
General Ira C. Eaker, is now at white
heat" With invasion in the offing,
the German defenses must be soft
ered up by destruction of war fac
tories and disruption OF transport.
That is the stem assignment" of
the Eighth Air Force and the RAF,
and General Eaker is unequivocal in
his assurance that I'VE shall not
shirk it."
AS this struggle for supremacy in
the air sweeps to its climax, the
critical importance of requirements
becomes self-evident. It is officially
reported that the Germans lost 900
fighter planes during the eight-day
Allied air offensive ending yesterday
AS against these losses. the Nazis
have an estimated present production
capacity of between 600 and 700
fighters month. Thus, if the rate
of destruction can be maintained, it
is cle>r that the Luftwaffe, even as
a defensive weapon, is doomed.
But our own losses also have been
heavy, During the last three days
of the offensive, when some 300
German planes were knocked out of
the sky, we lost in the neighborhood
of 100 bombers. This means that if
we are to maintain the tempo of the
battle, we must be capable of placing
one big bomber in Britain, ready for
action, while the Germans are build
ing three fighters and getting them
into combat. This is no small assign
ment, for it takes a relatively long
time to build and man a bomber.
Fighters, on the other hand, can be
turned out quickly, and they are
taken into combs by one man, while
the big bombers require crew of ten.
There is every reason to believe
however, that we can meet this test
If we are resolved to meet it. The
Germans are bound to be progress
sively handicapped by the bombard-
ment of their factories, while we
should be able to make good our
battle losses without serious enemy
interference.
Essentially, the question is one of
understanding and determination.
The Germans will throw every ounce
of energy they can muster into their
defensive effort, for they know that
final defeat is inevitable if they fail
to win this battle. But do we have
an equally clear understanding of
what is at stake? If we do, then we
can and will turn out the planes
that the Eighth Air Force must have
to carry on until the Germans are
driven from the skies. If we lack
this understanding, and if we there
fore slacken our efforts, the Nazis
will be quick to capitalize on that
opportunity to stave off disaster.
Evening star., 1943-10-12
No Reul Surplus

DlSUElCJ buQBSI OlllCeI walter l..
Fowler makes three interesting
points in his report to the Commis
sioners on the pending budget for
the fiscal year ending June 30, 1915.
They deserve attention from local
taxpayers.
The first relates to the misleading
conclusions apt to be drawn from
estimates of unobligated balances of
local revenues, over and above appro-
priations. 1T is true that at first
blush the financial picture appears
bright" says Mr. Fowler, warning
that we should not lean too heavily
upon unobligated balances as they
sometimes fade away" Of even
more Importance than the difference
between estimates and actual bal
ances, however, is the fact that the
current and pending budgets are
not accurate indiceS of the Districts
financial condition. Our budgets
these days are curtailed to what can
be spent wisely under war restric-
tions on construction and personnel.
They do not in fact reflect the
Districts needs, or the Districts
ability to pay for them.
Mr.. Fowler'S second and third
points relate to the wise use of these
estimated balances of unobligated
revenues over appropriations. One
method of utilizing such temporary
surpluses is to get out of debt. This
year the District is wiping out
900 of debt repaying Federal
advances far ahead of schedule and
setting aside tidy saving in interest.
For the coming year the recon-
mendation is for repaying $4,l5OOO0,
which would almost wipe the slate
clean. leaving the District in an adj
vantageous credit position in rela-
ton to whatever policy may be
decreed after the war in Federal ad-
vances for capital expenditures. This
policy of debt retirement in the years
when capital expenditures are almost
at a standstill is sound one and !,
in effect, another way of laying aside
money for the rainy day that may be
ahead.
Mr.. Fowlers third point relates to
the wisdom of getting started now
with the sort of postwar planning
represented in purchase of sites and
the actual preparation Of the work
ing drawings for future undertake
ings, together with the earmarklng
of funds to be spent on such prof.
ects. This could be done with profit
to the District, cutting down by
months and even years the normal
elapsed time between authorization
and actual construction Of postwar
projects 1t would be desirable if
the Commissioners. the Budget Bu-
reau and the Appropriations Com
mittees could make definite pro-
vision for such postwar work in the
new budget. Many cities through
out the country are taking advantage
of the same situation to earmark
apparent surplus revenues for desig-
mated postwar projects. The District
is in a good position to do the same
thing A selection of some of the
things that should be done will show,
moreover, how thinly available reve-
nues would have to be spread if they
could be spent on pressing needs.
There would be, in other words, no
surplus but there would be a sub
stantial deficit of local revenues.
Evening star., 1943-10-12

A Rockland (Maine) resident
caught what is described as "one of
the largest skates to come out of
South Cove" Incredibly, when he
cut the fish open. out popped a live
seagull. Pretty much as if a sub
marine had swallowed a Lockheed
bomber!
Evening star., 1943-10-12
Letters to the Editor

Letters to the Editor must
bear the name and address of
the lCriter, although the use of
a pseudonym for publication is
permissible. The Star reserves
the right to edit all letters lUith
q Uie1O to condensation.
Evening star., 1943-10-12

ural resources, including that all-em-
bracing term land" That element of
nature is the source of all employment,
the source of all wealth, the element on
which We must depend for the use of
other elements to sustain life, such as
air water and sunshine.
President Green advocated a housing
campaign, expecting that about 1000 900
workers would be employed at such work
And with the employment of others in
the production Of building material. the
campaign would furnish work for a total
OF 5000 900 more employed workers. But
to force into use vacant building lots
and other locations. it is necessary to tax
vacant land at its full value. or at the
same value as similar adjoining used
land.
Another delegate to the Boston conven-
ton advocates exemption of dwellings
from taxation. That certainly would
encourage home building BOOM and
such building boom is greatly needed.
When discussing economic problems,
let it not be forgotten that idle lands
mean idle hands. w. L. CROSSMAN.
Everett, Mass.
Sees Little Prospect
OF Peace in the World.
To the Editor Of The Star:
We all are anxious to live in peace
But the desire for peace in Itself Will
never bring peace. So far, every plan for
the establishment of permanent peace
has failed
The reason why plans for permanent
peace have not succeeded in the past is
because plans and treaties are no
stronger than the frailties of humanity.
Resolutions passed by parliaments and
congresses to establish permanent peace
are good as far as they go, but they
never yet have brought the desired per-
manent reign of peace and they never
will, because they are no stronger than
the weaknesses of the, people and ma
tions who pass them.
We resolved at the conclusion of the
First World War that it should be the
last war We disbanded our armies and
dismantled our battleships and other ma
tions agreed to do the same, but in prac-
tice did the very opposite, and the mill
tary parade for another war was started
All our resolutions were mere ropes of
sand and readily broken War never will
be ended by the enactment of resolu-
tions.
Indeed war never will end as long as
men are selfish and covetous by nature.
The sinful nature of man must first be
changed. There must be change Of
heart as we'll as a change of mind before
hate and revenge can be eliminated. Such
a change must take place not in few
people but in all the people. There is
no military force powerful enough to
change the nature of man, or to maintain
permanent peace among men when they
get provoked under injustice and injury
to themselves. The natural man will re-
taliate and fight under provocation and
so will the nations.
Let us not deceive ourselves in hoping
that by our efforts we can be independ-
ent of God, and in opposition to God,
establish permanent peace on this earth
among sinful men by merely policing the
world. c. S. LONGACRE.
Evening star., 1943-10-12
Single-Tax Doctrine
Once More Advocated,

TO the Editor OF The Star:
In an interview with a reporter of
Boston paper, William Green, president
OF the A. F. of L., talked on postwar plans
for jobs for workers and incidentally
stated that I'VE have not yet exhausted
our resources" meaning, suppose, nat
Evening star., 1943-10-12
THIS AND THAT
By Charles E. Trdce11ell.

White -throats remain until late in the
spring before flying North.
They average from early October to
May % in this locality.
While here they are among the best
wintering birds to look for, it will be
seen at once that they are true SPAR
rows; If they are like their cousins, the
English sparrows it must show that the
latter are good birds, too
The white-throat usually builds its nest
right on the ground, but occasionally
in low bushes 1t is a large nest for
such small bird, which, by the way,
is large for a sparrow, being about
inches long, overall.
Four or five eggs are laid.
The white-throat in addition to broad
black and gray stripes on its head, has
yellow stripe dividing the black crown,
and a yellow stripe over the eye.
Friends of house cats say that the
stripes on the head of this species make
them think of tiger cat
X
ALEXANDRIA, Va.
Dear Sir:
your column in The Evening Star
gives me much pleasure. Could you
write again about baby squirrels? I was
interested in their staying in the trees
for month. I should like to know what
sort of nest they use and what kind
Of food the mother brings them.
The other day in Washington near
the baseball park I saw among the
common gray-broWn variety pale gray,
almost silvery, squirrel. Do you think
it was very old one a very different
one, or different species? 1t seemed
quite as active as any of the others,
and that means very active. indeed.
VERY sincerely yours, M. L. H."
The summer nest, as it is called of
the common gray squirrel is built by
the mother of bitten-of branches OF
tree leaves.
The mother will work a whole day
making one of these nests, running up
and down trees, always other trees, never
taking branches from the tree in which
the nest is made.
The nest is in appearance an over
sized bird nest. If you see an impos-
sibly large bird nest, you can be sure it
is squirrels summer nest.
The babies are fed on mothers milk
for several weeks, after which they are
given bits of shelled and broken nuts,
acorns, etc. In yards where bird feed
ing is carried on, the mother squirrel gets
sunflower seed and cantaloupe seed
There are many color phases in the
common gray squirrel, ranging from
browns and mixture OF gray and brown
to pure white, at one end, and prac-
tically black at the other The white
is the albino phase, very uncommon and
the black is called the melanistic. Black
squirrels are to be found in Arlington
County, Va; Chevy Chase, Nd, and Ia
koma Park, Nd.
Evening star., 1943-10-12
Huskin's Answers
To Questions
By Frederic J. HdSkir1.

The reader can get the ansiDer TO
any tdctual question by Uriting to
this Information Bureau. Aduice on
legal matters cannot be giuen. There
is UaSt difference betUeen looking
up some question OF fact and direct
ing Lawsuit. Consult an attorney.
II you send in question, address The
Euening Star Information Bureau,
Frederic J. Haskin, Director, Wash
ington, d. C., and inclose stamp for
return postage.
Evening star., 1943-10-12

@. Are there any manufactures in the
District of Columbia?- R.
A. The Census of Manufactures OF
1889 reported 497 manufacturing estab-
lishments employing 1879. The value
of products was s79,S75, ,297.
Evening star., 1943-10-12

@. What ancient people removed their
shoes when sealing bargain?-A. S. c.
A. Shoes were used by the ancient
Hebrews for symbolic purposes as we'll as
protection, and it was customary for
them to take off the shoes to bind an
agreement or bargain.
Evening star., 1943-10-12

O. How many divisions are there in
the German Army?-L. H. H.
A. Germany has 300 divisions, having
raised and reformed more than so this
year.
Evening star., 1943-10-12

@. What kind of an instrument is
virginal?-D. @.
A. 1t is spinet type of early keyboard
instrument. The name may have been
given in honor Of Queen Elizabeth or
because the instrument was often played
by young ladies.
Evening star., 1943-10-12

O. What is the distance between the
Solomon Islands and Japan?-E. L. H.
A. The Solomons lie more than 5000
miles from Japan.
Evening star., 1943-10-12

Q. Please give the origin of the saying
that old friends are best-W. HID.
A. Plautus in Act I. Scene 2. of Trucu-
lentus eXclaims: How much the best Of
mans friend is his oldest friend" This
thought has been frequently expressed
through the ages.
Evening star., 1943-10-12

@. Did Mussolini attend a university?
H. c. S.
A. After early training at the Normal
School of Forlimpopoli, MusSolini went
to Switzerland where, after a period of
poverty and hardship, he graduated from
the University of Lausanne.
The Republican., 1943-06-24
GORTNER

"Sorrow will rust the soul, activity
will cleanse and brighten it."
Mrs. Noah Weybright, of near
Brookside preached a Fathers day
sermon. Pastor Dunson's text, "Watch
for we know not the day, nor the hour
wherein the Son of Man cometh."
July Union sewing circle will meet
with Mrs. Eliza Biser Mrs. Kenneth
Biser will entertain the Ladies' Aid in
July.
Born to Mr.. and Mrs. Hurley Miller
on Saturday, a son.
Robert Miller, who has been work
ing in a defense plant in Akron, O.,
arrived to help his father on the farm
D. w. Dodge is spending several
days this week with his brother in
Terra Alta.
Mr.. and Mrs. Daniel Puffenburger
and son, David, of Terra Alta; Mrs.
Ernest Brenneman, son, Sam, and two
daughters, Lois and Arlene, of Glade,
and Miss Virginia Ash, of Springs,
enjoyed a picnic lunch at S. w. Sla-
bach's on Sunday, and called on Mr.
and Mrs. Noah Schrock in the after
noon.
Mr.. and Mrs. Frank Beamer and
Miss Majorie Gortner, of Grantsville
took supper with Mrs. Anna Bittinger,
recently
Miss Arletta Riley spent the week
end with Miss Barbara Friend.
Miss Fay Biser and brother, Doyle,
who is home from Bainbridge, on
furlough, attended a party honoring
Robert Ferguson at Bethlehem.
Ferguson is also home on furlough
from cambridge.
Clark Cross, of Deer Park, who is
in training at cambridge, was a guest
Of the Bisers over the weekend.
Mr.. and Mrs. Russell Roth, of
Hauser, and Mrs. Maggie Roth, of
Hagerstown, and her daughter, Mrs
Marguerite Bowser, of Dayton, Ohio,
were guests on Sunday of Mrs Roth's
sister, Mrs. Mary Mosser, at the
home of Mr.. and Mrs. Artie Dodge
Mrs. Joseph Yell and Miss Nelson,
of Chicago, H., arrived at HemIock
Hollow. near here, on Friday. They
are enroute to Florida, where Mr.
Yell will be stationed for the dura-
ton.
Miss Blanche Grove, who was en-
ployed in Oakland has returned home
IIiss Nina Flint spent Sunday with
Miss Grove.
Mrs. Otho Friend recently spent an
evening with Mrs. Stanley StahI, in
Oakland,
Miss Louella Swartzentrubcr, who
was employed in a sheet factory in
Harrisonburg, Va, spent a week here
The Republican., 1943-06-24
| SEE BY THE DAILTES THAT

Census figures show 1000 people
in country 100 years old or older.
The House appropriations com
mittee recommended expenditure of
over II billion for the army in the
year beginning July l.
Britain appointed Field Marshal Sir
Archibald P. Wavell commander in
chief in India, as Viceroy of India.
Loss of coast guard cutter with
58 officers and men was announced
following explosion while on convoy
duty in north Atlantic
The House voted Friday to ban con
tinuance of OPA's food subsidy pro-
gram beyond July /, slashed 20 per
cent from the price agency's budget,
abolished domestic operations of the
OWL.
The Crisfield ration board official
who eXonerated Comptroller Tawes of
pleasure driving charges, quit his
post.
The administration of Mayor La
Guardia is to be investigated upon
order of the city council.
Civilians are due for an additional
food cut, according to Chester Davis,
war food administrator. The supply
will be large enough for health and
strength for all, but not for waste.
A call for volunteers was made in
Baltimore to work in canneries where
food was spelling because of the labor
shortage.
Total of 100000 men will have
been discharged from armed services
from 1910 to end of 1943 for all
causes, 1877 percent for psychoneu-
rosis, the largest single cause.
A new plastic which CLUES pieces OF
metal together stronger than riveting
or spot-welding was announced at
Akron by the Goodyear Tire and Rub.
ber company.
An earthquake in Turkey has
caused death of $4,000, Berlin has re.
ported.
The Republican., 1943-06-24
JENNINGS

Mrs. Birdie Warwick is having a
new coat of paint on her house this
week.
Miss Wanda Yommer visited her
parents, Mr.. and Mrs. Bruce Yommer,
a few days.
Mrs. Dan Dawson and son, Herbert
of Cumberland, are visiting the for
mer's daughter, Mrs. Paul Resh.
Mrs. Ada Snyder is moving from
the Bruce Yommer property to the
one recently vacated by Paul Resh.
Mr.. and Mrs. Arthur Detrick and
family, of near Uniontown are vaca-
tioning at the home of Herman burst
Jason Wilburn is harvesting a nice
crop of Strawberries.
Mrs Perry Wilburn is helping pick
Strawberries at Jason Wilburn's.
Clyde Yommer, of Anacosta, paid
a brief visit at his home, Sunday.
Martin Stanton, of Akron, Ohio,
was in Jennings, last week.
Mrs. Walter Yommer, of Cumber-
land is spending a few days at her
home, here.
Mrs. Ray Wilt and daughter,
Frances visited Mr. and Mrs. Fred
Yommer in Grantsville, Saturday.
Raymond Wilt is employed at Mrs.
Ella Brabson's, near Grantsville.
Quite number of people were en-
joying the water at the Pleasant Val
ley Recreational area Saturday and
Sunday, as the temperature scared
around 90 degrees.
Mrs. Beatrice Atchison, of Kansas,
is visiting her parents, Mr. and Mrs.
William Morgart.
The Republican., 1943-06-24

Guy Forrest Maybe, of the Merchant
Marine, is spending a few days with
his parents, Mr. and Mrs. Clarence
Maybe, of near town. Ray Maybe, an
other son, left yesterday for Balti-
more where he plans to enlist in the
Navy.
X x i
Sgt. James Jordan, who has been
stationed at Newport News, Va, with
the Army Air corps, has been trans
ferred to Kessler Field, Miss.
Sgt. William X. Glotfelty, Camp
Dix, N. j., visited his parents, Mr.. and
Mrs. J. w. Glotfelty, for several days.
The Republican., 1943-06-24

with her parents, left on Monday, ac-
companied by her sister, Betty, for
Lancaster county, Pa, where Louella
expects to seek employment.
Mrs. Noah Beachy and daughter,
Mary, and Mrs. Daisy Lohr visited
Mrs. Mary Mosser, one day last week.
Norman Bender and family, of
Springs, spent Sunday with his
daughter, Mrs Irwin Yoder.
Mr., and Mrs. Lee Slabach and
daughters, Gwendolyn and Catherine,
The Republican., 1943-06-24

Of Uniontown, Pa, spent the week
end with his home folks.
The Spoerleins, Ray and Roy Yoder
recently visited Mr.. and Mrs. D. j.
Swartzentruber.
Mr.. and Mrs. Blair Simmons, of
Loeb Lynn called on Mr.. and Mrs.
Paul Welch, on Sunday.
Mrs. Harry Beeghly spent Wednes-
day with Mrs. Elwood Schlossnagle.
Noah Slabach is painting Henry
Yoder's house, this week.
The Republican., 1943-06-24
DIARY OF The WAR

SATURDAY-An Allied plan for
an East Asia command was said to
herald an offensive this year in Bur
ma Wavell was made commander-in-
chief in India. Germans were reported
sending large reinforcements to the
Balkan territory in increased worry
over INVASION Russians reported Ger
mans were using semi-trained reserv-
lists in attempts to regain lost posi-
tions in Orel sector, Navy announced
three more Japs were captured in
Attu bringing to "a total enemy
troops captured there. Jap raid on
GuadalcanaI did little harm to Amer
lean positions but was an aerial dis
aster for Japs. Two airdromes on Sic
lily were hit by bombers as Allies kept
up attacks in that area. The army
announced it would have 8,202,881 in
various services by December, an in
crease of 1,O41,260 over June.
SUNDAY-Organization of a pow
erful amphibian force to spearhead
the American invasion Of Europe was
announced by the Navy Department.
The Jap loss over Guadalcanal was
raised to "a planes instead of II, the
navy making the additions Raid there
was caught by weather change, with
clear sky at the time the Allies step
ped up raids on Italian islands, hitting
Sicily and Sardinia. Doolittle's air
men destroyed 80 enemy planes with
d loss Of eight. Britain announced its
shipyards had built 900 warships
since war began, replacing by last
September all naval losses suffered by
the Royal Navy. A new cruiser, the
Houston, was launched at Newport
News, More than half of French feet
115 warships) are now fighting with
the United Nations.
MONDAY-RAF bombed Frances
biggest arms plant at La Creusot on
750-mile flight from England. Ger
mans said members Of Russian gen
eral staff were at Gibraltar. Italian
dock areas were raided on both sides
of Messina strait. Germans were
beaten off in an attempt to attack
Russian positions on Orel hinge near
Sunny, 100 miles northwest of Khar-
kov, Red air force pursued its persis-
tent attacks on German concentra-
tions and airdromes. British units
protecting Atlantic conveys sank from
two to five German subs and damaged
several others in five-day running bat
tie. Americans bombed Kahili, Jap air
base on Bougainville island. King
George was touring Tunisia.
TUESDAY-Russia declared Ger
man losses in two years of Russ-Ger-
man fighting totaled 6,400,000 men
killed and missing Russ losses were
4,200,O00 Raj bombed industrial
city of Friedrichshafcn and radio
works there. Germany was reported
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