Washington Journal., 1943-03-19

~ WV WY . OAA tAAAC III
A century later Duke Ludwig, who became
a German Emperor, reared a castle there
the Ludwigsburg-and made it his ducal
residence. Since then 1255) Munich has been
the capital of Bavaria. About that time the
brewing of beer was undertaken in Munich
and presently became one of its most flourish
ing industries. More than a score of brew
cries grew up there and still retain their fame.
Among them are the ancient Brew House
Of the Court the famous Hofbrauhaus),
which in 1916 undertook to brew beer only
from barley, hops and water; the Lion Brew
cry, which was started in 1914 by a master
brewer from Einbeck; the breweries known
as Hacker, ''Kochel'', 'Paulaner' and
'Spaten', besides those which together with
them annually turn out vast quantities of such
special brews as "Marzenbier" "Bock" and
"Salvator''. Between them they have made
Munich the foremost brewing centre of the
world.
After a disastrous fire in 1897 the old town
was rebuilt in it's present shape, which was
largely expanded after the razing of the
ramparts.
How Munich Became an Art Centre
During the Renaissance several art-loving
Bavarian dukes, particularly Albrecht and
Wilhelm, invited notable painters, sculptors
and architects to their capital. They were en-
couraged to embellish it with monuments and
handsome buildings, wherein were stored
works Of art from Italy, Holland and other
parts of Germany. Their ducal library be-
came a treasure house of rare manuscripts,
miniature paintings, precious bindings and
beautifully printed incunabula.
When Bavaria became a kingdom early in
the 10Th century it's successive monarchs
followed the Wittelsbach example of h~onoring
the MUSES. by making their capital a Mecca
for artists, musicians and poets. Thus Munich
became one of the foremost art centres of
the modern world. This was the accepted
tradition until the monarchy fell in 1919 and
King Ludwig III, the last Of Munich's royal
benefactors was driven from his capital by
a rising of Red Radicals.
Recent Efforts
Those who have read Hitlers autobiography
"Mein Kampf' will have gathered from it,
how the artistic reputation Of Munich diverted
young Hitler's art studies from Vienna to
Munich, sothat he found himself in Munich
Immediately before and after the World War
and during the days Of the Weimar Republic
until his Imprisonment as a rebel. Thus it
came about that he took an ardent interest
III fostering further embellishments Of Munich
until the present war stopped most artistic
endeavors in Germany and other war-stricken
countries in Europe.
Still there have been desultOry attempts
in Munich to carry on it's artistic traditions
by keeping open the great State Library,
various art galleries and museums as well as
opera houses, concert halls and theatres. The
university, academy of fine arts, conservatory
of music, polytechnic institute and other seats
Of learning likewise have been kept going,
as have the numerous churches of Munich.
Targets for Bombs
Among them the most famous is the episco-
pal cathedral known as the "Frauenkirche",
founded in 1871 and rebuilt from 1863 to
1888, with it's famOus painted windows and
monumental crypts Of Emperor Ludwig, of
early Wittelsbach dukes and Of the last
King and Queen Of Bavaria. Other churches
are the romanesque Basilica, the beautiful
shrine of st. Mary, st. Michael's and two
Protestant churches.
The university buildings, the State Library
and the German Museum likewise are very
handsome structures.
Of art galleries there are the two Pinako-
thekai, the Glyptothek for antique sculptures,
the Art Gallery, the House of German Art,
the gallery for paintings by Lenbach, the
gallery for the collection of Baron Setback
and several others.
In those galleries were housed priceless
works Of art, lavishly purchased by Bavarian
dukes and kings as well as by private collec-
tors.
In the elder Pinakothek, built by King Lud-
wig |, hung choice paintings by earlier mast
crs such as Lukas Cranac, Matthias Crime
valid, the Pre-Raphaelites Botticello, Gina
bue and Giotto, Raphael, C~oreggio, Titan,
Greco, Vealasquez, Van Dyke, Rubens, Rem
brandt, Canaletto, Goya and Vatican as well
as many other painters OF the German, TIA
liam, Spanish, Dutch and French schools.
Noteworthy among them were the numerous
series of Rubens and Canaletto paintings.