davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1943-12-26

tho brave but unfortunate Roll was In
a dying state and paid him q visit at
his quarters. He was accompanied by
Gen. Greene, and their visit and the
respectful consideration and unaffected
sympathy manifested by them evidently
soothed the feelings Of the unfortunate
soldier. Roll died the following evening.
Wounding of Monroe.
OF the Americans, one Of the four
wounded soldiers was 1t James Monroe,
who later became President of the
United States. Capt. Washington and
1t. Monroe, 1t is said, with a part Of
the advance guard rushed forward, drove
the artillerists from their guns and took
the two pieces when on the point of
being fired. Both Of these officers were
wounded, the captain in the wrist, the
lieutenant in the shoulder.
Our own historian, Christian Hines
says OF President Monroe: HE was
Evening star., 1943-12-26
Guerrillas May Prove Big Factor in Europe

(AH ouer Europe today Adolf Hit
ler'S "supermen" sit on q pouder
keg OF human emotions. Hundreds
OF thousands OF once peaceful citi-
sens Tait for the time When then
can tcke tommy guns and hunting
rifles from cellars and bedrooms and
Dent their hatred on their conouerors,
Some OF them already hape done so.
Sometimes they are called pdrtisans
or patriots or more commonly 1uer-
rtllds. Some are Communists, some
Catholics some businessmen Uith a
hatred OF Communism, some peasants
tDith no political creed. All fight for
the same thing-treedom. What
these modern minute men 1Diu do
tDhen the Allies smash in, no one can
say eractly. The minute men freed
Corsica almost single handed. To
find out 1Dhat political significance
the underground movements hare,
ho1c extensively they can be or
gnnised under The noses OF the
Gestdpo, their military ualue o71d
ho'o little PEOPLE 1cho neuer fred
gun before can find the courage to
be killed and to kill, an Associated
Press correspondent spent days in
Corsica talking to these people. Here
are his fndings.)
Evening star., 1943-12-26

ticular time Georgetown happened to
be In Montgomery County, having been
separated from Frederick County Oc-
tober I, 1776. But both counties did
their full share in the American Revo-
luton, as we find by Hugh Taggart
and other writers on Georgetown. Mr..
Taggart says:
"The history of Frederick County, Of
which the town formed a part prior
to 1776, and Of Montgomery County,
which was in that year created out
of the lower part of Frederick, during
the struggle, is one which the people
Of these counties may well contemplate
with emotions of patriotic pride.
Georgetown was no insignificant actor
and factor in it. Her forges and smith
shops resounded with the manufacture
Of arms: the work of recruiting for
the service went on continuously; she
became great depot for the collection
OF military supplies, and several of
her sons attained distinction in the
Maryland line, so famous in Revolu-
tionary annals. Two companies of rifle
" men from Frederick County, one under
the command Of Capt Michael Cresap,
and the other under the command of
Capt Thomas Price, were the first
to 60 to the assistance of Massachusetts,
after the Battle of Bunker Hill, June
17,a a1775. They left Frederick Town
on The 18th Of July, IT'S, and marched
$50 miles to Cambridge.
John Yoast, Georgetown gunsrnith,
entered into contract with the Mary
land Council Of Safety to furnish a
number Of muskets. Maj. William
Deakins, jr, of the 29th Battalion, in
Evening star., 1943-12-26

letter to the council, dated at George
town December IS, 1776, recommends
Yoast very highly, saying that he was
man much to be depended on and
would not deceive the council; that he
had number of hands employed and
was well prepared to carry on ex-
tensively the work of gun-making.
Thomas Richardson, a Quaker, led
one Of the first companies out of George
town to the seat of war. Alexander Nc
Fadden was the first lieutenant and
John Peter the second lieutenant OF this
company. Thomas Bean, perhaps the
one Of that name who was afterward
one Of the trustees OF the Federal City,
raised company Of riflemen, which
was assigned to duty in Col. Moses
Rawlings rifle regiment, and took part
in the engagements around New York.
This regiment was sent by Gen.
Greene to reinforce the garrison of Fort
Washington, on the Hudson.
They made a stubborn defense to
the attack of Knyphausen and Rahl
with 1000 Hessians and Waldeckers and
(says Scharf,. from whom the facts in
relation to this engagement are taken)
held their entertainments on the north
lines against five times their number,
until, in the charge finally made by
the attacking party, besiegers and be-
sieged, owing to the indisposition of the
rifemen to retreat even when over
powered, became mixed together; but
their rifles having become fouled and
useless from frequent discharges, their
colonel wounded, their f1anks turned,
and receiving no support, they were
forced back, fighting all the way, until
within hundred yards Of the fort.
which soon surrendered. Gen. Greene
said that If this regiment had been
supported, Knyphausen could not have
gained the north lines; that the de-
fense elsewhere was irresolute, but
that had it been like that of Rawlings
rifemen, it would well-nigh have Grip
pied the enemy 1t cost Knyphausen
nearly 300 men to force the single
regiment. of Rawlings back. The regi-
ment was complimented by Gen.
Washington for the great spirit with
which it behaved on this OCCASION
Capt. Leonard M. Deakins' COM
pany of Col. Grifiths battalion was
recruited from the young men of the
town and neighborhood and started for
the scene Of war in July of 1776. His
brother Francis was engaged In re-
cruiting company at the same time"
William Deakins, jr.. the brother OF
Leonard and Francis above mentioned,
And the names and deeds of many other
patriots Of this old Maryland town
might be mentioned If space permitted.
Evening star., 1943-12-26

ton of the night before and most ma
turally could be easily surprised, and
this surnise proved correct.
Trenton was reached about o'clock
that morning, and the picket lines were
all soon driven in before Col Roll, the
hcssian commander, vas awakened
from his slumbers. But it did not take
him long to reach the street, where he
soon found his soldiers panic-stricken,
though in the brief engagement that
followed the British lost about 20
killed, including Col. Roll, and 1000
surrendered. The Americans lost two
killed and four wounded.
Col. Roll, after being mortally
wounded, was conveyed with great care
to his quarters, which were In the
house Of kind and respectable Quaker
family. But before Gen. Washington
recrossed the Delaware ne learned that
Evening star., 1943-12-26

In the first days after the Italian
surrender, when German troops were
coming to Corsica from Sardinia, the
question of whether the Germans would
try to hold the island hung in the bal
ance. They landed at Bonifacio and
attempted to drive northward on the
capital. Ajaccio. .-,.
If they had been able to occupy, the
western half Of the Island quickly it
is doubtful that they would have with
drawn altogether despite, the. hazard of
the Allied sea and air blockade.
In Corsica, the French knew at every
stage just how many German troops
were on the island and where they were
located
These liabilities and assets likely will
be the same that the Allies will en-
counter in any large-scale invasion of
EurODe
Evening star., 1943-12-26

tall man, perhaps nearly If not quite 6
feet In height, but not as good looFing
q man as Mr.. Jefferson. often saw
him while he was Secretary Of State on
his way to the Presidents House Che
then being resident of the first ward -,
but seldom saw him after he became
President Of the United States. In
walking I think he limped little, and
his left= side was always foremost. This,
1t was said, was caused by wound
received in the Revolutionary War"
Today a monument commentaries
the historic Battle of Trenton, a rural
village at the time of the engagement,
but now business center of many in
habitants and the capital Of the State Of
New Jersey. The place where WASH
ington with his ragged and half
famished army crossed the Delaware on
that cold Christmas night before the
battle is only two miles distant.
Through glass the battlefelds Of
Evening star., 1943-12-26
Unsung Heroes of Italian
Campaign Are Pigeons

during move in North Africa the roof
Of the mobile lofts fell of and several
OF the birds escaped, all OF them however
resettled right there on the road.
The birds are carried In combat in q
small, campact box which holds four.
To the leg Of each is attached a small
tube weighing about an ounce. The
message is written on light onion skin
paper, each page of which holds seven
or eight lines.
The pigeons are released In pairs,~
relates Tenner. "One carries the orig
inal message, the other a duplicate.
This is just precautionary measure.
So far none of the birds that have flown
above enemy lines have been hurt
although a couple out on resettIing
flights have come in all shot up"
Seventy Miles an Hour. 49,
Birds average about IS miles an hour
when aloft. The mountains necessitate
a lot of climbing and on current runs
they are flying through clouds which
confuse them and slow them down.
Given slight tail wind, however,
the pigeon will attain bursts of speed
to 70 m.ph. Under very good conditions
a bird can fly 900 miles from dawn to
dusk.
Pigeon training in the United States
has been very Efficient" Tenner ex-
planned, "and there already has been
started course in night flying which
goes against the natural instinct of the
birds.
Every time bird is sent out on q
combat mission his number is noted IN
. book and each consecutively gets the
same number Of runs. They're also kept
IN condition. Each bird Is released once
or twice day for exercise"
To the trainers each bird has an indf-
vidual personality, one is named Boots. :"
another "Pepperhead." THE African
Owl" came to Italy just for the ride.
According to the trainers, he can't find
his way around inside the loft, much
less over the countryside. Hero Of the
loft in Africa was "Yank." He flew
over 100 miles to bring in the first news
Of the recapture of Gafsa. The Pigeon
eers" tried to bring him along for
sentimental reasons, but he has been
retired to the breeding lofts in North
Africa.
To this choice spot are sent all sorts
Of pigeons which have served their
country well. After Drawing the dangers
OF small arms. ire and falcons, their
greatest natural enemy, they're sent
back to three square meals . day and
the life oR Riley. S
Evening star., 1943-12-26

Princeton and Monmouth may be seen.
The monument stands in Monument
Park at the junction Of Warren and
Green streets and Brunswick, Princeton
and Pennington avenues and on the
exact spot where Capt. Alexander Ham
ilton Of New York opened his battery
Of the New York State Company of
Artillery on the Hessian foe.
The shaft, Roman Doric in style, is
of white granite. 1t towers 135 feet in
the air and is surmounted by a bronze
statue of Washington, 13 feet high, and
Is the gift of New York State.
Washington Is represented as stand
ing, glass in hand. surveying the fleeing
Hessians and with right arm extended,
pointing down the street-now Warren
street-in the direction he wished Capt.
Hamilton's battery to open on the foe.
The statue was designed by William r..
ODonovan of New York, and was cast
at the National Art Foundry of New
York.
On the south side is the relief showing
the opening of the fight The battery
OF Capt. Hamilton is presented as about
to fire the first shot at the enemy in
King street. The mounted figure of
this brave soldier, who afterward be-
came the gifted statesman, is con-
spicuous in the foreground. This tablet
Is presented by the State of New York.
The relief on the east side of the
monument depicts THE Surrender of
the Hessians."
Naturally 1t would seem that the
Battle Of Trenton would not have been
battle If Georgetown, D. c., had not
had part In II althn,lsh ct this mar.
Evening star., 1943-12-26
When Washington Fought for Our Freedom

washington planned to take his army
over at McKonkeys Ferry, and thi.
crossing will ever be part OF our coun-
trys most precious history. The cold
the sleet, the wind, the great cakes OF
floating ice made the effort well-nigh
impossible. But for the skill Of q regi-
ment OF fishermen from Marblehead,
Mass, under the command Of Col.
Glover, the effort would have failed.
The Fate of an Empire"
The commands OF Cadwalader and
Ewing were unable to reach the New
Jersey shore. Tradition relates that
Washington said to Gen. Knox, THE
fate of an empire depends upon this
night"
A Yankee tourist, upon one OCCASION,
In viewing Mount Vesuvius said that
Niagara Falls could extinguish the fire
OF that volcano in five minutes. But, be
this an exaggeration or not, it Is likely
undeniably true that no river could
have put out the fire OF patriotism that
burned in the bosom of those sturdy
Americans as they waited upon that
notable occasion for the order to take
to the boats. Their devotion at that
hour, to an almost hopeless cause, Ia
one OF the marvels OF military history.
Quoting Washington's own words. he
said: Many Of our poor soldiers are
quite barefoot and il-clad," and one
of his officers states: Their route was
easily traced, as there was a little snow
on the ground which was tinged here
and there with their blood from the
feet of the men who wore broken Shoes"
Truly it may be said: These were the
times that tried mems souls"
Nine Hours to Gross.
The Delaware was filled with floating
Ice and the current was swift. About
IL o'clock pm. it began to snow heavily,
mingled with hail and accompanied with
high winds. An idea Of the gigantic
and almost superhuman difficulties en-
countered in crossing the less than 1000
feet of water is proven by the fact that
it took Washington nine hours to &C
complish what was expected could be
done in half the time.
1t was am. December rs when the
Army was formed on the Jersey shore
for its march of eight or nine miles to
Trenton, then a small village contain
ing about 100 houses. Washington had
anticipated that the Hessians would be
sleeping off the effects of the celebra-
Evening star., 1943-12-26
BY Thomas r. Henry,
Star Staff Correspondent.


FIFTH ARMY FRONT IN ITALY
OelayeO. The carrier pigeon is one
Of the most unsung heroes of the italian
campaign
One Of the divisions operating on this
front has just received a consignment
OF 200 of them to supplement the radio,
the field telephone and walkie-talkie
In charge of handling the birds is Sergt.
James P. Tenner of Stamford, Conn,
assisted by "Pigeoneers" Arthur Seva-
gia Of Racine, Wis; Cletes Moert Of
Louisville, KY; Vincent Jorczyk of
Bridgeport, Conn, and John Deverso
of Syracuse, N. Y.
Each of these was bird handler In
civilian life and has been caring for
CT pigeons about 20 months, the birds
valued at about $40 each. AL are care
fully trained homing pigeons purchased
or donated in the United States or sent
over as youngsters from the Govern
ment breeding lofts in North Africa.
TAGGED When 7 Days Old.
IlOlil V1lS llllc Illc CUIllUdt CdITleI
pigeon is 7 days old he wears a thin
metal strip on his leg, his bird tag"
which numbers him among the fighting
forces of the United States. Most of
the pigeoneers' time Is spent on the
training of new birds and retraining
of old ones because each one has to
start from scratch each time the loft
moves.
After moving to new location, the
birds are placed In the aviary, q
screened inclosure, which is placed on
top of one of the lofts. They are kept
on reduced rations for a few days, after
which they are turned loose and allowed
their loft. AS soon as they have had q
chance to become familiar with the
landmarks they are taken out for a
few miles and turned loose. They make
their way back to the loft, where they
expect square meal, but 1t is not until
they've completely mastered the route
from the front that they start feeding
regularly again.
The resettling process usually takes
less than IA days." Sergt. Tenner, ex-
planned. Then the birds have learned
their way around. We may lose two
or three each time, but more than once
we've resettled without losing any"
The Home Loft.
Honing pigeons develop . great At
tAchmeut for the homa loft Onca
Evening star., 1943-12-26

Gen. Charles de Gaulle nor Gen. Henri
Giraud co-presidents of the French
Committee of National Liberation It
was not any great love of America,
Britain, Russia, Communism or the
church. Nor was it any overwhelming
desire to free France or to establish a
new world of economic liberty.
The minute men OF Corsica were mo-
tivated by one thing only, desire to
be free. They did not want to have
spies and armed men regulating their
lives.
I'VE talked a lot about helping free
France, but no one did anything until
the italians actually set foot on Cor
sica," explained Jacques. newspaper
editor and one of the UNDERGROUND
leaders.
First to Organize.
A Communist group of about 25 per-
sons in Ajaccio. under young profess
sor, was the first to organize. Other
units sprang up over the island, some
confined to large family groups, others
to towns or districts.
When organization began some months
ago there were between Is and 30 reg
istered Communists on the island To-
day. there are between 500 and 600 en-
rolled In the Communist party. Yet
they have not made the slightest at
tempt to impose any political doctrine
on Corsican affairs.
That such an attempt may come in
the postwar period would be quite
probable, but for the moment the Com
munist Corsican is only interested in
efficient resistance.
Allied with the young professor and
his group were Henri, a De Gaullist,
and Jean Nicoli, Corsican Communist
and road contractor, worker in the
post Office and also a former left wing
Paris newspaperman chased out of
France by the Gestapo but not a Com
munist.
Henri was dispatched secretly to Lon
don to contact the British and De
Gaulle to obtain arms.
They had hunting rifles and shot guns
but needed tommy guns, hand grenades
and other explosives.
In March, Giraud sent young Col.
DIstria to Corsica to help. Son Of an
old Corsican family, he travelled about
the island contracting various groups
and bringing them into liaison. The
cell principle, under which no member
could know more than six other men,
bers, was used for protection. Even the
top men knew only the names of a
limited number of cell chiefs through
whom to transmit orders.
BY means which must remain secret
until after the war, the minute men
transmitted messages back and forth
from Algiers to Corsica and from Cor
sica to London under the noses Of the
Italians and the Germans.
Silent submarines aosed out of the
Mediterranean. Tommy guns, hand gre
nades and shoes floated ashore on RATS.
British planes roared out Of the night,
lights flashed in pre-arranged signals.
Pilots pulled their levers and a long
flow Of parachutes bearing arms drifted
down to the waiting, anxious men be-
low. Women and children helped hide
the munitions. Others watched along
the roads to give warning If the Italians
or Germans approached.
The Italians and Germans could not
help but know that arms were being
received. In one case, small mountain
village was holding festival and left
lights lit until after am. with the
result that the pilot Of plane thought
1t was the secret dropping place and let
the parachutes fall.
The surprised villagers thronged the
strsets, hid the arms and, munitions,
Evening star., 1943-12-26
BY Wes Gallagher.

Associated Press stan Writer.
AJACCIO, Corsica-What makes a
man or woman willing to lay down his
life in dangerous, guerilla fighting
against forces many times stronger?
In Corsica 1t was not q belief In
Evening star., 1943-12-26
Col. Roll of the British.

SOI null 1ldu VI tllS bl1llSll
troops at Trenton, and had the repu-
tation of being gay fellow. and
of making merry until late hour in
tie night
Various descriptions Of Washingtons
army at this time have been attempted,
but no pen will adequately describe it
ragged, starved, defeated, demoralized,
Is the consensus Of opinion. And in the
main this was about true of the men who
crossed the Delaware on this eventful
night, except they were not defeated,
for no greater degree of moral or phys
ical courage was ever shown by any troops
In the history of the world-With the
illustrious Washington as the outstand-
ing figure of them all.
At this time no man realized his pre-
dicament more than did Gen. Washing
ton, and he clearly indicated this when
he wrote these lines to his brother:
You can form no idea of the per-
pleXity Of my situation. No man, I be-
heve, ever had a greater choice Of diff
culties and less means TO eXtricate him
self from them. However. under a full
persuasion OF the justice Of our cause
[ cannot entertain an idea that it will
finally sink, though it may remain for
some time under a cloud"
And so we are told it was finally de-
cided to attempt the crossing of the
Delaware from Pennsylvania into New
jersey on Christmas night for a sur
prise attack on the Hessians who then
occupied Trenton. Orders were issued
to Col. Cadwalader, commanding three
Philadelphia battalions, to cross at Bris-
tol and to Gen. Ewing of the Pennsyl-
vania Militia to cross at Trenton Ferry.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1943-12-03
CURATE
HERE ASSIGNED
Rev. Hubert Carrig to AS
sumo Passionate of Mid.
dIebury Church

Rev. Hubert Carrig, formerly cu-
rate at the Church Of Blessed Sac
rament In this city, has been APP
pointed pastor OF the Church Of st.
John Of the Cross in Middlebury.
He will succeed Rev. Raymond J..
Kennedy, native OF Waterbury, who
has been assigned to the pastorate
OF st. Bridget's church, Elmwood.
The changes were made by Most
Rev. Maurice F. McAuliffe, bishop
Of the Hartford diocese, and an
nounced by the Catl Ole Transcript.
Father Carrig, present pastor Of
st. Andrews church. Colchester, Is
a graduate Of st. Francis parochial
school, New Haven high school and
st. Demands seminary, Rochester.
He was ordained by the late Bishop
John j. Milan at st. Joseph's cath
edral, Hartford, May Is, 1923. He
served as q curate In Bridgeport,
Waterbury, New Haven ant.. Wester-
ly, r. l., before being named pastor
at Colchester on Jan. 10, 1899.
He served as chaplain OF the
2o8th Coast Artillery, U. 8. Army,
for a time, returning to st. An
crews recently. The 208th Coast
Artillery band, stationed in Aus
tralia, Is made up Of Waterbury
boys.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1943-12-03
Rings Recovered,
15-Year Old Girl
Held For Hearing

Detective Lieutenant William
Foley and Detective Sergeant
Charles McWeeney today recov-
cred four diamond rings with q
total value Of about $500 dollars,
and took into custody q 1S-year-
old girl who Acting Chief Inspec-
tor william F. Pollard said had
escaped four times from the New
Haven County Home, once twice
In the came day.
The detectives SAID the girl
had gotten one of the rings from
a midtown jewelry store by sub
stituting a five and-ten-cent store
ring for the real one in tray the
proprietor was showing her.
She later returned to the store
when the proprietor's wife was on
duty, and again asked to be
shown some rings. When the
woman turned to wait on q Gus
toner, she took two rings and
ran out Of the store.
The girl will have . hearing
before juvenile authorities here
today.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1943-12-03
TRUCK DRIVER
GRANTED STAY

Arthur Jones, 81, Hartford, driver
Of the truck which yesterday morn
irt: knocked tl4r front porch off the
home Of Michael Galucci, 727 Meri-
den Rd.. and turned over, was
granted one day continuance on
reckless driving ch:.rges whel he
was arraigned befort Judge T. e.
Conway In City Court this morning.
Other cases: Ma 1 Amador, SO,
Seymour, reckless driving, continued
to Dec. IT; Gabriel Cipriano, 46, 81
Benefit ST.; Edward Nadear, IS, 412
South Main ST., parking violations.
nolled for IS; Eank Rosa, So, 40
West Porter St., reckless driving,
nolled for $25, evading responsible
ty, nolled.