davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1943-12-30

strong desire to finish off the war in
Europe quickly SO that we can transfer
our forces to the South Pacific, where
the Japanese are consolidating and
fortifying the main bases in their newly
conquered empire. The top American
military men believe it is preferable.
considering that we have to fight an
other equally bitter war against Japan.
to make heavy sacrifice in one major
operation and put an end to the German
resistance as soon as possible rather
than engage in war Of attrition against
the Reich.
They became firmly convinced that
this was the only possible strategy in
Europe, particularly when they realized
that the Russians made it must" at
the recent Teheran conference.
The doubt about Russia's continuing
in the war which existed until recently
in the minds of many responsible
officials has not been completely dis
PEELED. But in exchange for Stains
unequivocal guarantee that he would
continue the war relentlessly, the British
and American leaders had to promise
that their armies would attack the Ger
mans from the west in force.
These two considerations have made
the proportion between the American
and British forces slated to invade
Western Europe a matter of only rela-
tive importance in the minds of our
military leaders.
Prime Minister Churchill and the
majority of his military advisers be-
heved until recently that a war of at
triton against the Reich, combined
with strong Russian attacks from the
east and continuous aerial pounding
of Germany, would break the morale of
the German home front and would pre-
clpitate the defeat of the Nazi forces.
Inc British have been strongly in
favor of extending their military opera
tons in the Mediterranean. The Italian
campaign was somewhat of a dis
appointment SO far as its speed is con-
Evening star., 1943-12-30
The Balkan Kings Depart

To those verSed in European af-
fairs, one of the most significant
aspects of the trend of events in the
Balkans is the way its monarchs
seem to be on their way out. The
significance of this trend is not
apparent to most Americans, because
we have lived under a republican
dispensation for nearly ITO years and
kings seem to us an archaic survival
whose elimination is only natural.
That, however. is not true over
much of the ancestral continent
whence most of us spring. There,
the monarchical principle is very
much alive. Our British cousins
revere the royal family and regard
the Crown as the vital symbol of
Empire. 1t should of course be un-
derstood that the deeper attach
ment Of people is to the dynasty
and not merely to the reigning
sovereign, no matter how much he
may be beloved. There is an almost
mystic element here involved which
we Americans can scarcely compre-
hend.
Now what is true of Britain ap-
plies also to most of Western and
Central Europe. Even where mon
archy has given place to a republic,
as in France, Spain and Portugal,
strong royalist parties remain and a
restoration is either possible or prob
able. In Italy we are beginning to
discern the attachment which still
clings to the House of Savoy, despite
It's discredited representative, Victor
Emmanuel
However, in the Balkans, the mon
archical principle is not nearly so
deep-rooted as it is to the west and
north. Greece, for instance, has re-
Gently oscillated between monarchy
and republic. and it is fairly clear
that the return Of King George is
not desired by most of his former
subjects, while the Partisans of
Yugoslavia seem to be veering against
King Peter and probably against his
dynasty in favor of a Socialist Fed
Grafton which might we'll include
Bulgaria. That would cut out the
Bulgarian royal family AS for Ru-
mania, its dynasty is decidedly dis
credited. The upshot may be a clean
sweep of royalty throughout the
region.
Il this happens, the basic reason
Evening star., 1943-12-30
Letters to The Star
McCarran Bill Discussed
BY Voter Of 1896.

TO the Editor of The Star:
The hearings on the McCarran bill
have increased rather than diminished
the confusion. I submit the following
propositions:
l. The letter and intent Of the Con-
stitution are that Congress shall gov
ern the District. Congress cannot get
rid of that responsibility without a
constitutional amendment
q This is the Capital of the Nation.
Every citizen of the country has an
interest in its proper maintenance. in
cluding such matters as police and fire
protection, transportation health, edu-
cation, water supply, cleanliness, city
planning, etc.
3. proposal to transfer responsibility
In these matters from Congress to a
local elective municipal government
would not be ratified by single State,
ana should not carry in single county.
a. Control through an appointed COM
mission Is far preferable to control by
an elected commission. (No one has
proposed that city manager be Sc
lected by a general election. The rea-
son is OBVIOUS. The same reason applies
in the selection of Commissioners. who
bAASN Nv ChPCAlCliSCu businessmen.
with special qualifications for their
duties)
5. This is not suitable time for an
experiment in municipal government
6. Service on the District committees
should be sought by congressman rather
than avoided. 1t is unique in char
acter and Importance, and should afford
fine opportunity for members who have
had experience in city government.
Z. The District committees should
have the advice and aid of members
elected by and from the people of the
District, pursuant to the adoption of
the pending Sumners-Capper Resolu-
ton and action hereunder by Congress.
3. The suggestion that the people of
the District should demonstrate their
capacity for local government before
being allowed to participate in national
affairs Is devoid of reason. Where and
when has such test ever been appliedP
The idea mentioned in No has
humorous aspect in my own case. I
last voted for President and Congress-
man in 1896. Allowing reasonable pe-
riods for installation of a local govern
ment, demonstration of its capacity and
subsequent enfranchisement of voters
l might expect to resume my rights as q
citizen in about 20 years-at the age
OF l03! c. V. BURNSIDE.
Evening star., 1943-12-30

statement Of the combined chiefs of
Northwestern Europe"
In SO doing, the Germans are again
being compelled to abandon long-range
policy for short-range necessity. Weigh
ing the values cold -bloodedly, they could
afford to lose the whole of their re-
naming surface fleet if at that price
they could buy the destruction of a few
loaded conveys. But so far, British
vigilance has been too much for them,
as they might well have anticipated.
That is why the attempt smacks so
strongly OF desperate clutching at
straws; Tor the German fleet had its real
Evening star., 1943-12-30
StoIingrod-O -Ortono-Turuwu

Three outstanding SiegeS of the
past two years in widely different
theaters of the global struggle reveal
from various angles an interesting
evolution in that perpetual duel
between defense and offense which
is the basic factor in the art of war.
The trilogy starts logically as
well as chronologically with Stalin-
grad. When the ponderous. Ger
man war machine rolled eastward
from the Ukraine to the Volga in
the summer of 1912, most military
students doubted Stalingrad's ability
long to hold out. Not only was it
"unfortified" in the technical sense,
but it was also dominated by hills
to the westward whence the be-
siegers could direct plunging fire
on every part of the city, strung out
thinly along the west bank of the
Volga for upwards of ten miles. 1t
looked as though the Germans could
blast gaps in the Russian lines, cut
oAANAAA 1iilO SSlllSlAto, dIlo uCSOlOy
these in detail.
The expected, however, did not
happen. Despite months of furious
fighting wherein the Germans were
compelled to battle street by street
at tremendous cost, the Russians
were never completely expelled from
the city. With the coming of winter,
relieving Red armies turned the
tables, cut the German supply lines,
and presently crushed the enemy
garrison in a great disaster.
The basic reason for this surpris-
ing outcome was the unlocked for
defensive possibilities of a city con-
Structed of durable materials. Under
the Soviet regime, Stalingrad had
been transformed from a struggling
port town into an industrial metrop-
oils, with huge blocks of factories
and workers apartment houses built
OF reinforced concrete. Such con-
structlon is not only resistant even
to heavy bombing and shell fire but
is also noncombustible; so the ruins
form natural fortresses within which
determined defenders can be dis
lodged only by hand to-hand fight
ing. The Red high command had
apparently foreseen this from the
precedent of University City on the
outskirts of Madrid, during the
Spanish civil war, where a similar
deadlock was established. The up
shot was that an open city" in the
traditional sense was shown to be
as defensible as one with fixed
Notifications, provided the defenders
were ready to accept it's material
ruin as part of the siege price.
The same lesson has just been
taught by the stubborn German de-
fenSe of Ortona, a small town on
1taly's Adriatic Coast, where picked
German units held out in the
tumbled ruins of stone buildings in
what Allied official bulletins describe
as "a Stalingrad in reverse" The
same principle was applied by the
japanese to fixed Notifications on
the island of Tarawa by allowing
great thickness of cement, sand and
steel plates, able to withstand in
tensive barrages of heavy shells and
aerial bombs.
All this greatly enhances the
strength Of the defense. On the
far-f1ung eastern front of Russia
strong points can be by-passed and
isolated in major of1ensives, while
much the same is true of the vast
sea stretches of the Pacific. On
a restricted front like that of Italy,
however, the offensive does not ap-
pear to have yet found the appro-
pirate answer.
Evening star., 1943-12-30

and aircraft in the
Bay of Biscay. This
taken in connection
with loss of the
battleship S C harm
horst does begin to
look as though the
Germans were will
ing to take any sort
of chance with their
surface feet in order
to delay or impede
the flow of men and
materials across the
Atlantic for the in
vasion of in the
words of the official
Evening star., 1943-12-30

johnson, Democrat,
of Colorado, a MEM
ber of the Senate
Military Affairs
Committee, has said
on good authority"
that 70 per cent of
the invasion force
will be American and
q per cent British.
1t was stated off,
cially here Tuesday
night that the ac-
tual proportion was
a military S e T e t
which Hitler would
like tn know hllt IL
Evening star., 1943-12-30

morale, tney Sald.
M a k e S overconf1-
dence. A new jour-
nalistic g a m e / S
going on. in which a
number of commen-
tators sit about, their
eyes as bright as
buttons, waiting for
SO m e general O. r
statesmen to make
an optimistic re =
mark. Then they let
him have it.
Well, it is an easy
way to make a liv-
ing. but it is also a
Evening star., 1943-12-30

day press conference
by Bert Andrews of
the New York Herald
Tribune. His reply
was that the ques-
toner was getting
"picayune."
Until the Presi-
d e n t makes some
other answer, some
definite statement of
his own future polit-
ical plans, the coun-
try will assume he is
going to run again
next year for re-
elec ton. Whether
Evening star., 1943-12-30

The British Navy, typically enough,
IS the only one in the world to have
a chief petty officer who wears a
monocle. The late Admiral Sir
Joseph Porter, K. C. B., would thor
oughly approve of that.
Evening star., 1943-12-30

Units of the Australian Army are
detailed as fishermen to help out
the military food supply. When last
heard of, these soldiers had many
captives and were still holding the
line.
Evening star., 1943-12-30
Strikers at Steel Plant
Described as Traitors.
To the Editor of The Star.

On Monday there appeared in The
Star an Associated Press wirephoto
showing about Is smiling strikers from
the Blair Knox steel plant at Pittsburgh.
noticed that the majority of them are
OF draft age. Why not call them into
the armed forces immediately Those
beyond the age of military service
should be tried for treason. Strikes in
defense industries must stop.
JOSEPH w LEVERTON
Evening star., 1943-12-30

The. oldest theater admission
ticket in existence, one for the
Coliseum in Rome during its prime,
is in a European museum. It is a
likely bet that this, too, passed
through the hands of a speculator.
Evening star., 1943-12-30

The German fleet has suffered
further loss by the destruction of three
destroyers, and possibly damage to
others, in action with British warships
Evening star., 1943-12-30
I'd Rather Be RIGHT

When Gen. Marshall said that the
japanese are already beaten, though
We still have much fighting to do, many
of our journalists jumped him. Bad for
Evening star., 1943-12-30
Everybody Concerned

From the Topeka Capital.
The President Is little late in adopt
ing win the War" as q slogan. About
135 900 900 Americans took out a patent
on that idea on Pearl Harbor Sunday,
Evening star., 1943-12-30
The Political Mill

President Roosevelt has side-stepped
the first direct question put to him on
his possible fourth-term candidacy.
The question was asked at his Tues
Evening star., 1943-12-30
This Changing World

The controversy over the proportion
OF American and British troops to be
engaged in the invasion OF Western
Europe continues unabated. Senator
Evening star., 1943-04-06
Giving Estu|e||u Job in Left
Is Tipoff on As |mpotency
Cuban, Moaning Of Awoys Being With Low1y
Club, Assured by Mack He'll Feel at Home

won % between 'em. Another re-
turning elbower, Russ Christopher
showed some promise last year, al
though winning only four. Best OF
the others are Jesse Flores, "a
year-old Mexican up from Los An
geles with a screwball and other
cute" stuff, and Orie Arntzen. a
fugitive from the St. Louis Car
dinals' chain gang who won sevep
out Of eight at Williamsport last
year.
Castoffs Are Prominent.
Eddie Mayo, once of the New York
Giants and Boston Braves, who has
been reclaimed from Los Angeles,
definitely will be on third base. and
Jojo White, who used to patrol the
Detroit Tiger outer garden and is
back in the big time again after
four years in Seattle, will handle
the center-fleld chores. He will be
flanked by Estalella in left and
Elmer (the Rock Valo, a fearful
.251 f1ailer last year, in right. Felix
Mackiewicz, the 200-pound Purdue
football end coach, may break in.
Dick Siebert, whose trick knees
are behaving themselves, is back on
first; Pete Suder is slated for sec
ond, while the short field will be
roamed by Irv Hall from Williams
port.
One newcomer who shouldn't be
overlooked is Jim Tyack, a 30-year-
old outf1elder who has hit 300 or
more for Little Rock the past five
years. Just why he never got the
big league call before is mystery
Mr.. McGillicuddy probably will solve
before long.
Evening star., 1943-04-06
Detroit Anticipates
Cup Hockey Sweep
Club Bolstered for Two
Tits on Boston Ice
BY the Associated Press.


OSTON, April 6.-Detroit's
high flying Red Wings we're soaring
for Boston today. determined to do
what the Bruins did to them two
years ago-win the Stanley Cup,
emblematic OF the world hockey
championship, in four straight
games.
Accompanying them were the
twice-beaten Bruins, who have high
hopes Of prolonging the best-of-
seven title series by winning at least
one of the two games that will be
played in Boston tomorrow and
Thursday nights.
The Red Wings will be reinforced
by Connie Brown and Joe Fischer.
a pair of forwards called up from
their Indianapolis American League
farm team, and the return of De-
fenseman Alex Motter, who has
been out with injuries.
With at least two more games to
go. Sid Abel, the Detroit forward
and captain. appears assured of set
ting new National Hockey League
playoff scoring record. He now has
a total Of l3 points. only one less
than the record set by Bostons Bill
Cowley two seasons ago.
The Bruins will be STRENGTHENED
by the return of Defenseman Jack
Crawford.
Evening star., 1943-04-06
Tiqers' Manders Aims
To Learn War Status
Ready to Farm or Fight;
Goes Home Voluntarily
~ the Associated Press.

~ the Associated Press.
ADEL, Iowa. April 6.-Pitcher Hal
Manders of the Detroit Tigers to-
day denied reports that he had been
summoned home by his draft board
on farm or fight order
II haven't even heard from the
board" Manders declared on his
arrival from the Tigers spring
training camp at Evansville. Ind.
Il simply came home to talk over
the situation with draft officials and
I wanted them to know that the de-
cision is up to them whether I re-
main in baseball 60 back. to the
farm or 60 to war" Manders said.
He added that he had discussed
the matter with Jack Zeller, Detroit
general manager, and that the lat
ter had favored his action.
There's a lot of other fellows on
the club in the same boat and no.
body seems to know what we should
do in this emergency the pitcher
said
Manders, who is married and has
a az -year-o son, said his present
draft classification is ga. He said
he would know about Friday
whether he would return to the
Tigers.
Evening star., 1943-04-06
Rookie Spark|es
While johnson
Fails 10 C|out
Triples to Help Top
Airmen; Griffs PIuy
At Navy Tomorrow,

Back at College Park this morning
after an extended week end trip to
Norfolk, the Washington Nationals
face the chance Of good practice
workout today in fair weather before
going to Annapolis tomorrow for a
game against the Naval Academy
nine. The club was in high spirits
as it stepped off the Norfolk boat
this morning, having won three
games in a row after its initial re-
verse last Friday.
The good showing of several Mats,
especially Outfielder Jack Marion in
yesterdays 1914 victory over Norfolk
Naval Air Station helped raise the
clubs spirits. Manager Ossie Bluege
is going to take several more looks
at Marion's work afield and at the
plate before getting set on plans for
his outf1eld lineup and what he's
seen already is pleasant to contem-
plate.
Could Help in Pinch.
Marion's pleasant work comes at
particularly handy time Bob
johnson. whom the Mats got from
Philadelphia to fill in the left field
position. hasn't shown the kind Of
hitting expected Of him. Chances
are he will hit eventually; his record
shows him a powerful boy when he
gets going. But in the meanwhile
the fact that Marion is around and
making strong play for an outfleld
job might be the makings OF a
fire under johnson. And in case
Bob doesn't get going 1t might be
okay to have the redhead in left
field.
Pitchers Mickey Haefner and
Early Wynn also turned in pleasing
performances yesterday and the
stickwork of Mickey Vernon like
wise was no drawback. But 1t was
the red-haired Marion who at
tracted attention with his playing
Going to bat for his only rap in
the seventh, he took a terrific cut
at the ball and poled long triple.
The fact that two men were on base
ahead of him, Ellis Clary and Gene
Moore, didn't detract from this per-
formance.
In left field, too, Marion was a
big help. He got only one chance
at fly ball and it was a tough one.
He had to dive under a line drive
by Murray Franklin to make a Spec
tacular catch.
Wynn Good, Despite Runs.
The four Norfolk runs all came off
Wynn's tossing, three in the third
and another in the fifth, but three
could be charged to fluky hits.
Wynns' work at the plate did him
no harm as he came through in the
clutch by banging out a single with
the bases full in the second to send
two runs home.
Haefner permitted the Airman
only two hits in his three innings
work after Wynn retired. and mean
while famed four. All Vernon, the
first baseman did, was get two hits.
score two runs, drive in three and
steal a base for rather prosperous
afternoon.
Evening star., 1943-04-06
Borons Pitcher Orphu Looks Better Than Name Sounds
Ohio Sto Declared Set With Fine

is the longest we've been away from
each other in three years."
One-minute sports page-The tip
is out to watch Ohio State in foot
ball next fall. Our informant points
out that Paul Brown has all the
schoolboy talent in the State
wrapped up for fall delivery, and
even though he has to use 17-year-
old kids they'll be playing against
other 17-yearsolds. Recommended
reading: Frank Graham's THE
New York Yankees"-the clubs his
tory from the time Joseph w. Cor
don was president to the time JOS
eph L. Borden was land Isl second
baseman. And w. L. Whites story
In Readers Digest about 1t. Col.
Frank Kurtz, former Olympic div
ing champion.
Evening star., 1943-04-06
Squad So Slim Baron,
Use Wou|d-be Pilot
As an 0utfie|der
Coach Williams Has 20
Players Out, but Only
Four Are Veterans

Things haven't exactly come to a
pretty pass on the baseball team at
Bethesda Chevy Chase High School,
but Coach Larry williams found
himself with such a player shortage
this season that the boy who came
out as candidate for the managers
job has cinched himself a regular
berth as left fielder.
John Younger, one Of last years
assistant managers. was putting up
a good scrap for the top managers
post this season when the coach dis
covered John could catch a fly.
Bingo, he goes in the outfleld.
Another outfielder definitely set is
big Bob Brewer, one of Bethesda S
good basket ball players during the
recent cage season. Another cage
star, Haven Rettew, is rated as one
of Bethesda's best pitchers, and
probably will share the good assign
ments with George Myers, only
mound holdover from last season.
Johnny Slaughter, sometime
catcher last year. now is playing first
base. Aside from these, Williams
has no veterans. His boys mostly
are young, and while promising
players, they aren't quite ready for
fast high school ball, Williams feels.
Best boy on the squad of 20 appears
to be AL Sherline, shortstop, who
played in the Montgomery County
League last summer. Other leading
candidates for infleld posts are Dick
Latham at second and Charles
Hughes at third. Hughes especially
appears a conner. He's small, but
has a good batting stroke.
The Bethesda diamond, inciden-
tally, has been improved since last
summer. County employees did some
work on it. smoothing out the humps
and planting grass in the outfield.
The infield still is bare, but the
stones have been removed.
The Barons open their schedule on
April 13 at Georgetown Prep.
Evening star., 1943-04-06
BY HUGH FULLERTON, Jr
Associated Press Sports Write


NEW YORK. April 6.-Week's
worst gag: The Birmingham Barors
are trying out a pitcher named John
Orphal, and Henry (Age-HeralO
Vance relates that a fan saw him
warming up the other day and asked
the boys name. Hes Orphal," re-
piled Manager Johnny Riddle.
That's what you think" said the
ian, but he looked mighty good
to me-" Five days after Ben Jones
left the main division of the Calumet
Farm racing string at Hot Springs a
Louisville sports scribe asked him
when the horses would reach
Churchill Downs. Pretty soon. I
hope" said Ben. "You know I'm
kinda anxious to see Whirly; this