davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1943-01-17

increase in Negro labor organiza-
tions; many so-called white unions
have abandoned color-line policies.
What would happen to labor
under Hitler? I can tell you what
happened to the Czechs, to the
French, what happened to the
Germans themselves. Their labor
unions were suppressed. Strikes
were prohibited. Union treasures
were seized.
This, applied to America, means
that the Brotherhood of Sleeping
Car Porters, the tens of thousands
of Negroes in the United Mine
Workers of America, the Negroes
in the automobile, steel, rubber,
packing, shipping, needle trades and
transportation unions, all would be
reduced to economic impotence
turned into slaves or turned into
the street"
How the colored artists, scientists,
musicians and educators would be
driven from their professions under
Hitler is described in the light of
what he has done elsewhere. "Un-
der Hitler, the National Association
for the Advancement of Colored
People would be outlawed. The
Urban League would become a GRIM
inal organization. And the Negro
press would vanish. The doors of
800 newspapers and periodicals
would be locked the day the Nazis
took over. Hitler says half-apes
need no newspapers"
French Colored Troops Half Starved.
Mr.. Owen cites an account of how
captured French colored troops were
thrown into separate concentra-
ton camp and treated far worse
than their white comrades-half
starved and not even cared for
when they fell sick.
Most of the $4,000 900 loyal Negro
citizens" Mr.. Owen declares. know
that America is fighting not only to
live, but to live more fully. Be-
cause We have known the weight of
chains, because we have known the
helplessness of bondage, we can be
a mighty force in this Nations fight
for freedom"
The preface ends with this quota
ton from Sergt. Joe Louis: We're
going to do our part, cause we're
on Gods side"
The booklet contains, In a series
OF rotogravure photographs, glimpses
OF colored life in its varied aspects,
from the university campus to the
shospitals, from the scientific labora-
tory to the farm. The owl is dis
tributing the publication through
insurance companies churches,
schools, colleges, labor unions, mo-
tion picture theaters, professional
groups and other channels.
Evening star., 1943-01-17
Civilian Advocate
Continued From First Page.D

derly basis so as to produce mini
mum impact on the economy. They
point out that the total value of
goods and services available for CIV
ilians this year will be Is per cent
under the rate of the final 1912
quarter. Excluding food and rent,
the reduction in goods and services
will be 80 per cent from the final
three months of last year. The ma
ton is still living on fat inventories
piled up before drastic limitations
were placed on production of civilian
goods, but the inventories will not
last much longer.
Would Present Claims.
The proposed agency would de-
termine and regulate the amounts
of goods and services required for
essential civilian purposes. Having
determined minimum needs, the
agency would present claims for
materials, industrial equipment and
facilities to WPB. 1t would present
claims for food. fuel, rubber, trans
portation, clothing and other neces-
stiles to the GEARS" and responsible
branches of WPB and work out
means of meeting these needs.
Following establishment of the
amounts of products available for
civilians, the agency would formu-
late plans for equitable distribu-
ton through rationing If necessary.
The head of the agency, officials
say, must be in a position sufficiently
high to examine the validity of
stated military requirements. In
this connection, it is pointed out
that even though the public may
be ready to make rigorous sacri-
fees, the people cannot be asked
TO accept blindly a further great
reduction IN living standard. Mill
tary drafts on resources, it is said,
have reached stage at which they
must be examined from the point
of view of developing the relative
urgency of military needs versus
impact on economy.
Would Control End Products.
In addition to distribution and
other programs related to civilian
economy, the agency must have con-
troll, as far as possible, over pro-
duction of civilian end products.
This means it would take over con-
troll of the consumer and consumer
type end product industry divisions
of WPB. With respect to the goods
used equally by the military and
civilians, the agency would be the
advocate" of the people in pre-
senting claims to the "czars" for
sufficient goods to keep the econ
omy sound and healthy.
In order to supervise production
of civilian products the agency
would have direct control of con-
centration of production, simplifi-
cation and Standardization of prod
ucts and establishment of quality
standards now under WPB's ONCE
of Civilian Supply. The new agen-
| cy in fact would take over that
agency as we'll as some other WPB
units.
Officials believe the new agency
can be created with a minimum
of confusion and dislocation OF OPP
erations. 1t would tend to lessen
the multiplicity and complexity Of
Evening star., 1943-01-17
OPA

Continued From First Page }
Evening star., 1943-01-17

Continued From First Page)
Henderson was confronted with an
ever-growing list of Gears" who
were put In charge of matters which
had formerly been under his juris-
diction.
The complexity of the present
set-up has piled up many woes for
the OPA. To these troubles, Mr..
Brown will fall heir-unless, as
is reported, a single agency is set
up apart from the price administra-
ton to handle rationing and other
problems of civilian supply.
In which case, Mr.. Brown would
have to contend only with price
problems-and, perhaps, the poll
ticians.
Evening star., 1943-01-17

take 1t up with the department con-
cerned."
An ODT official asserted that his
agency is concerned with transpor-
tation problems in different sense
than control over Federal cars"
He said his unit has not been in
vestigating possible misuse of these
vehicles.
Meanwhile, the Congressional
Committee, headed by Senator Byrd,
Democrat, of Virginia, is contem-
plating whether to delay hearing
this week on the reported abuses in
the use of Federal cars.
After talking with representatives
Evening star., 1943-01-17

Of several of the agencies named
above, the Byrd Committee indicat-
ed it might hold the hearing later,
in order to give these agencies
time to put their own regulations
into effect before taking further
action"
They assured US that something
was going to be done" a commit
tee spokesman explained. I'VE Of
fered to give them legislative au-
thority to enforce the right to stop
officials from making private use
of Government cars. No one took
us up"
The committee spokesman, point
Evening star., 1943-01-17
Booklet Tells of Achievements
Of Americas CoIored Citizens
How They Would Fare
Under Nozi Regime
VividIy Described

! ASillCfcillcIlIS VI hlllcIlCd Col-
ored citizens in a few decades and
their stake in this country are
sketched vividly. in word and pic
ture, in booklet called Negroes
and the War" of which the Office of
War Information began distributing
1000, 900 copies yesterday.
In pungent preface to the PAM
phlet, Chandler Owen, Chicago
publicist, writes:
Some Negro Americans say it
makes no difference who wins the
war. They say that things could
not be any worse under Hitler.
These are the people who emphasize
liabilities; they never appraise their
assets. They magnify the bad. They
minimize the good
Mr.. Owen then points out with
well-documented citations, what
colored Americans have now and
what they would have under Hitler.
In Hitler's "Mein Kampf," the
writer explains, the Fuehrer "bru-
tally calls Negroes half apes"
Colored Athletes Snubbed.
"At the 1886 Olympic Games in
Berlin, he greeted Aryan winners
at his private apartment, so that
he would not have to shake the
hands of Jesse Owens, Cornelius
Johnson, John Woodruff and the
other great Negro athletes who
played so large part in bringing
victory to the United States. Hit
ler's newspapers called these fine,
university-trained boys the Black
Auxiliaries. ;"
Mr.. Owen adds: Hitler and his
false prophets have told the people
OF Germany that Negro has
neither soul nor an intellect. that
he is incapable of being civilized
The man in the street in Germany.
deluded by the very magnitude of
the Hitler lie, would not believe
you If you told him that our Army
is proud to have in it's ranks many
regiments of Negro soldiers, that
there are now two full divisions of
negro soldiers, that Negroes serve
IN all branches. He would not be-
lieve you If you told him that there
are Negro officers in our Army
Negro judges on the bench, Negroes
IN State legislatures and in the
American Congress"
The publicist asks: "Just what
stake does the Negro have in Am
erica? What has he got to lose?
We have come long way in the
last SO years, If slowly. There is still
long way to go before equality is
attained, but the pace is faster, and
never faster than now"
And Mr.. Owen cites that in 1890
there were only 12,l59 colored clergy
men in the United States, while in
1880 there were 25,034. Colored
teachers numbered 15,0o8 in 1890
and 54,439 in 1880. Physicians and
surgeons of the race totaled 208 in
1890 and 3,805 in 1880.
1,773 Dentists in 1890.
In 1890, there were 100 dentists.
and in 1880 1,773. There were 43l
colored lawyers, justices and judges
in 1890, and in 1880 there were 1,247.
Mr.. Owen adds:
Progress? Yes. Too slow? Yes.
but progress. Not all of us can be
professional men. AS matter of
fact. few of us are. Theagreats ma
5ority Of Negroes are working people
--sknled unskilled; organized, un-
organized. But during the last de-
cade a good many doors have been
opened to us, and other doors are
aJar. There has been enlightened
appreciation of the Negro's problems
by the Government There has beer,
Evening star., 1943-01-17

tion needs Of number of Govern
ment departments. In the case of
the misuse of federal cars, he said
his agency would file a complaint
with the department concerned.
An official of the General Ac-
counting Office said his agency has
from time to time" reported the
misuse of Federal-owned cars to
department heads and will continue
to do so. He added, however, that
it remained for OPA or some other
agency to concern itself with full
policing.
He pointed out that the General
Evening star., 1943-01-17

war agencies. In any event, they
contend, the move is imperative If
breakdown of rationing is to be pre-
vented and the civilian economy is
to be maintained at a level neces-
sary for successful prosecution of
the war. In the present haphazard,
planless state they see real danger
OF undermining civilian morale to
the detriment of the war effort,
Evening star., 1943-01-17
Federal Cars
Continued From First Page

and that in many cases final au-
thority rests with bureau heads.
Last Saturday the Budget Bureau
called meeting of various Gov
ernment agencies to consider the
question of standardized car re-
porting" and presumably the prob
lem of possible misuse of Federal
owned cars was discussed. How
ever, Frederick J. Lawton, admin
istrative assistant, pointed out that
the Budget Bureau does not intend
to do a policing job"
Mr.. Lawton said the Budget Bu-
reau is working out a system of
uniform car reports for all agencies
which would satisfy the informa-
Evening star., 1943-01-17
Army Accepts Dog,
Rejects Its Owner

By the Associated Press
HOLLYWOOD.-Leroy w. HON.
medieu was not too happy as he re-
turned from the Army induction
center-rejected.
And at home he found a notice
that his Doberman pinscher, Bum
mer. had passed all his Army tests
and was being sent to corps train
ing center.
Evening star., 1943-01-17

Accounting Offices investigation
was 'by no means complete" I'VE
have no special administrative re-
sponsibility to do the job,' he said.
Inquiries at the national and
District OPA Offices revealed this
agency's enforcement program in
cludes all cars-Government and
privately owned-that are used for
pleasure purposes. Special atten-
ton is not given to misuse of Fed
eral-owned cars, however.
At the District OPA officials ex-
planned: When we hear or learn
that Government car is being used
for other than official business we
Evening star., 1943-01-17
School Group to Meet

The Woodlawn Home and School
Association will hold an informal
discussion at it's meeting at the
school, Sixteenth and Abingdon
streets, Arlington, at $40 pm, Tues
day.
Evening star., 1943-01-17

ing to stack Of letters, said re-
ports continue to come In about the
employment of Government cars for
non-essential purposes. This pic
ture will be reported to Congress
after committee hearing. he said.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1943-12-13
Yank Big Guns Balk Nazi
 Attempted Counter-Attack To Drive 5th F rom Hills
 Sign Pact
 For Post War

Moscow, Dec. 13-(UP)-Russia and the Czechoslovak exile govern ment were pledged today to 20 years of mutual assistance and collaboration under the terms of a pact signed here yesterday.
 The text of the pact, designated officially as a treaty of mutual assistance and postwar collabora- ton, will be published tomorrow.
 Uondon sources said the sign ing of the pact could be consider ed one by the first concrete steps toward enlarging the tri-power unity outline at Tehran into a sys- tenn embracing all the smaller united nations in Europe).
 Ambassador zdenek Fierlinger signed for Czechoslovakia and foreign Commissar Viacheslav M. Molotov for Russia. Premier Stalin and President Edouard Benes, who came to Moscow especially to wit ness the signing ceremony, were present.
 Benes was given an ovation at the Bolshoi theater last night when he appeared in the royal box with President Mikhail Kalinin, Molotov and other Czech and Soviet mo- tables. The Soviet and Czech flags hung from the box.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1943-12-13
Jops Admit TearGos Use In China

Chungking, Dec. 13-(UP)-Jap anese prisoners said today that their armies are using tear and sneezing gas on the Central China front and admitted that they are equipped with poison gases for use at the dis cretion of their field officers.
 Interviewed by Chinese intellig- ence officers in the presence of AL lied military observers a--d cores pondents, the prisoners said suffo- eating and blister gas shells are reg ular field equipment of Japanese forces in Central China.
 AlS denied stubbornly, however, that they had ever seen the poison gases used againsS Chinese troops.
 (The United States has warned the Axis nations that use of poison ous gases will bring immediate re- priss.ls by Allied forces.)
 The most fluent talker on the subject of gases was Sgt. Mltsui Katsuo, stubby, 25-year-old ex- farmer from Shiroshima, in west central Japan. Mitsui had been a soldier for five years and was cap tured by the Chinese on July 29, l943, after battle near 1chang, on the Yangtze river.
 Sneezing Gas
 The prisoner said Japanese troops frequently resort to sneezing gas and tear gas in order to capture a stubbornly- defended Chinese posi- ton or to extrica'e themselves from a trap.
 Each platoon in his 39th division. Mitsui said, carried four red-colored cylinders containing tear gas ana four blue cylinders filled with the sneezing variety.
 He admitted he also had seen green cylinders containing suffocat- ing gas and that the Japanese army was equipped with blister gas, al- though he insisted he had not seen either used.
 Mitsui revealed, however, that each Japanese company commander
 (Continued on Page A
The Waterbury Democrat., 1943-12-13

Washington, Dec. 13--The father draft situation was a complicated puzzle today after weekend of confusing statements that did noth- ing to alter prospects that about l. 100000 pre-Pearl Harbor fathers would be inducted by July.
 But that number may be reduced by two prospective developments still in the study stage. These were:
 l. A plan to cancel all. occupation deferements of men in the age group from IS to P.
 2. Possibility that the Army and Navy will agree to relax physical requirements so that some of the astimated 3,6OO000 single and child less married men classified 4-F can be inducted.
 Chairman Andrew J. May, D., Ky, of the house military affairs com mittee, said Saturday that Select i've Service would draft fathers by age groups, starting with those un- der 9, but thei subsequently, was said to have resulted from a mis- understanding of the plan to can eel deferments for the 1922 age group, which includes only few pre-Pearl Harbor fathers.
 Maj. Gen. Lewis B. Hershey, Sel- ective Service director, was reported studying the proposal to cancel de- ferments for younger men as well as preparing for congress statistics on inductions, deferments in war in- dustries and agriculture and on the
The Waterbury Democrat., 1943-12-13
Nips Denond
 Dope On TuIe

Washington, December 13. - (UP) - The Japanese government has refused to exchange any more Allied internees held in the Far East until Spanish diplomats in- vestigate conditions in the intern ment and relocation camps for Japanese and Japanese Americans in this country, 1t was learned to- day. The Spanish diplomats repre- sent Japan here.
 The Japanese, it was said, are particularly eager for a report on conditions at the Tule Lake, Calf, interment camps where Alien Japan csc and disloyal Japanese -Ameri- cans are held. There were several riots there last month. A Dies sub- committee has been Investigating the disturbances.
 Any of the 10000 internees can apply to return to Japan. It was understood that about ,000 of those at Tule Lake have made such appli- cations, or are members of families for which application has been made. About 40 per cent of those interned at Tule Lake arc aliens.
 The United States, it was learned. will place no impeachment in the way of the Spanish investigators. Under the Geneva convention for the treatment of war prisoners, to which this country is a party, the author ity to make such an investigation is given automatically to the neutral power which cakes care of the inter- ests of one belliserent in the terri tory of another.
 fNo.~kR~.,,ad ov, porA
The Waterbury Democrat., 1943-12-13
Dad-Draf Situation One
 Confusion After Another

number of 4-Fs that might be sal- vaged for military or naval service.
 The status of 4-Fs was dependent on presidential action. The new draft bill provides for President Roosevelt to appoint a five-man medical commission to see whether military standards could be modi- fled to permit general or limited service by 4-Fs without impairing military efficiency.
 Figures presented by Selective Service officials gave this picture of the draft problem:
 The total strength of the armed forces now is 10,100,000, of which 7.40O,000 are in the Army and g. 100000 in the Navy. To reach goals for July 1, 1944. the Army will need 3OO,0OO, the Navy 900,0O and re- placements about 10000, or a total of 1900, ,000.
 To fill these requirements there are: About 100000 youth coming into military age each month but less than half available for Selective Service. In addition there are about 3,0O0,0O0 men deferred for war jobs or service in agriculture and possibly fifth of this number, or 60O,000, could be reclassified. Together with 'teen-age draftees, this would make available force of about 100000 men. leaving still another 1,0Cs,000 to go. And the largest remaining pool of men is that made up of pre-Pearl Harbor fathers.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1943-12-13
Brr! Button Up ThotCoot
(By United Press)


 The shivering East was warned by the Weather Bureau today to brace itself for zero and sub-zero weather tonight and tomorrow.
 Temperatures will fall rapidly tonight the bureau said, "and the lowest temperature for the season will be reached early Tuesday morning, ranging from IS degrees below zero in upper New York and northern New England, zero in northern Ohio and northern Penn sylvania, 10 to IS degrees above zero in Virginia, and IS to 20 de- grees above zero in Tennessee.
 High winds will diminish to- night. Tuesday will continue cold" At $40 a. m., the New York Weather Bureau issued a special storm warning for the area south of Block Island to Delaware Break water, forecasting severe winds up to 45 miles an hour, diminishing this afternoon.
 The coldest weather of the sea- son took 13 lives in New England where the thermometer went down to IS below in some sections. Winds of near r-gale force will sweep New England today but will diminish tonight, the Boston Weather Bureau said. Morning readings set the Boston temperature at 26 de- grees and dropping rapidly.
 Four persons collapsed and died in Massachusetts as a result of the cold yesterday.
 Cold and strong winds hampered f1remen in a five-hour battle against $250,000 fire that swept the Hyannis, Mass, business district
The Waterbury Democrat., 1943-12-13
Tension Rises With Rumors I'm BoIkons
(NEA Radiophoto)

London, December B. - (UP) - Tension mounted throughout the Balkans today amid reports of an Army peace ultimatum in Bulgaria. a purge of ant1-G German elements in Rumania and the arrival of 8 Nazi trouble shooter" in Hungary.
 European dispatches indicated the American air raid on Sofia Friday and U. s. Secretary of State Cordell Hull's warning that Axis satellite nations must share the consequences of Germany's defeat had spread lmeasiness through the three coun- tries.
 The Allied nerves offensive ap- peared to be fast taking on the character of that which preceded the invasion of Italy and that country's surrender.
 Increased air raids on southeastern Europe were anticipated and British Foreign Secretary Anthony Eden, fresh from the Tehran and Cairo conferences, was expected to elabor- ate on Hull's warning in a speech before commons in the near future.
 The London Daily Mail said re- ports had been received Of an Army ultimatum to the Bulgarian govern- ment demanding peace and g. Bull garian colonel who arrived in Tur- key indicated the Army would sup port, if not lead. any coup that would take his country out of the war.
 If the government is overthrown, the Bulgarian colonel was quoted, Colonel Damen Weltoheff probably would take over leadership. He already was said to be under sur yeillance as result of two abortive coup attempts.
 The London Daily Telegraph said Bulgaria faced definite threat of civil war if ner leaders continue their German policy" Bulgar-
The Waterbury Democrat., 1943-12-13
Basis Laid For New Pact

Ankara, Dec. 13 - CUP.) - Re liable Allied circles said today that the Roosevelt Churchill-Inonu con- ference at Cairo had laid the foun- dations for a Russian-Turkish al- Iance.
 The Republican Peoples Party newspaper hinted at the possibility of an alliance in an editorial which said:
 Engaged in a merciless struggle for existence, Soviet citizens are entitled to be highly, even over sensitive. Our neighbors must be assured that we Turks have no thoughts of building our relations with Russia on anything other than a foundation of firm understanding and friendship"
 There still was no authoritative ;2dicatioa 0f if and when Turkey will enter the war, but the com- bined press of Istanbul, which dur ing the Bayram religious holidays publish only one newspaper, the Kizilay, asserted that Turkey would act If she judges 1t will be useful for herself and her Allies"
 To-day it isn't possible to esti- mate whether such decisions will be taken" the newspaper said.