davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1943-02-19
By Federated Press

SAN FRANCISCO - Theodore
Johnson, legislative expert of the
San Francisco Labor Council for
more than 80 years, has died at
S5. He was largely responsible for
enactment of CALIFORNIA; commu-
nifty property law, and was an au-
thority on the history of labor.
Detroit evening times., 1943-09-13
Flying Fortresses
Sent to Philippines

On Aug. 2s the first flights ~
flyng FortreSSes were started
across the Pacific -vja Midway and
Wake Islands and thence south
through Rabau Port MnreShy or
Port Darwin and north 10 the
Philippines BY thr FIRST week n
November some 50 F0rtrcSscS had
completed this trip
4 gap m airplanc deliveries
from tho factory combined with
adverse winds between SAN Fran
cisco and IiaWat prevented the
lcrrylng OF an addironal - For
trcsses prior 10 the attack on
Pearl Ildrbor
In Wow Of the pOtcntiallticS ot
tho situation n the PhllippineA
orders were issued in FebruaID
1871. 10 cVacuatc The dcpondenN
Of army personnel stationed there.
Tho decision was also taken 70
retain IN The islands most of The
regular. army personnel beyond
The tWo-ycar tour of service.
Detroit evening times., 1943-09-13
Devote Special Care
To Armored forces

Tho organization and training
Of the necessary non-diVIstonai
units Chcavy artillery engineers.
etc Ito support our divisions were
expedited. while special attention
was directed 10 the Development
and training ct-the armored force
and anti aircraft organizations
which were faced with The pros
pcct Of enormous expansions.
Selected units were given Spc-
cializcd training In mountain and
Jungle warfare and amphibiouS
operations. and tank destroyer
center was created
Supply and administrative units
and installations were actlvated
and trained 10 meet the greatly
increased loclStical demands Of
combat forces, but we were never
able 10 provide them in sufficient
numbers TO meet service require
mcntS for the active employment
OF the tactical units.
During this period port install
latIonS were expanded 10 support
possible overseas operations.
Detroit evening times., 1943-09-13
Priorities System
Rations Supplies

With our limited means The sit
uation developed into a prohlen>
Of prlorjtles IN attempting 10 meet
these requirement And n was
not until February 1871 that adj
dltlonal aircraft. antl-arcraft and
other items Il modern equipment.
could bc shipped - thc Hawaiian
Islands
4 httlc later the first shipments
of modern aircraft were made 20
,hc Philippine, and me Philippine
scout organization was doubled IN
-l-nnelil diana :. t.--i4t- II =i44aees=aHA4lI
pcrSonnel1rom the trained cadres
OF the rev Philippine arln4
The fighter planc~ secured Tor
these purposes were }arcely Oh
tanned by stripping the limited
number of ,quadronS then IN
training in The United States
In july 1911 the Development
os quantity production made lt
POSSIBLE foi the FIRST time 20 as
sign modern ma'orlcl IN sizab!e
lots 20 the Philippines
Detroit evening times., 1943-09-13

The second phase, commenc-
ing with the Battle Of Britain
and terminating with The Ger
man declaration of war against
Russia, was conspicuous for a
growing national appreciation
of the seriousness of the inter
situation and was
marked by a limited peacetime
mobilization Of the citizen army,
large appropriations by Con-
gress of funds to develop the
establishment, and the
orientation of industry to speed
up the peacetime production
rate Of munitions Of war.
The initial period covered by
this report constitutes a third
phase which was brought TO an
abrupt conclusion by the Jap
anese attacks of Dec. I, 1941,
Detroit evening times., 1943-09-13
Gen. Macarthur
Recalled to Duty

July rs Gen. Douglas NacAr.
thur was recalled from duty With
the Philippine commonwealth.
placed on active duty and dcsic-
mated as commander Of l. S Amy
forces ~ tho Far East Intimately
familiar with tho situation IN the
Philippine he ~ once proceeded
TO expedite preparations for de-
fcnSc within the limits Of tho
available munitions and trained
manpOVcr
During the i3tc summer ~
1911, arrangements were made for
the Improvement of the landing
strips AZ Rahaul Port Norcshy
and Port Darwin and the COM
mandinC general Of the Philip
pines was directed 20 deliver
gasoline and bomb, 20 these POINTS
and 10 Balikpapan in Bornco and
Singapore In Malaysia. Deliveries
10 all but the last two points h. 4
been ,ompleted when the Japa-
nCSC took the offensive Dec. :
Detroit evening times., 1943-09-13
Bases in Caribbean
And Newfoundland

Also. tho uncertainty o! the Eu-
ropcan situation involving the
peril Of the British Isles and the
British fleet made II urgently
necessary for us TO secure the de-
fenSes of the Western Hemisphere
by establishing air bases and de-
tenslve garriSonS throughout the
Caribbean and in Newfoundland.
Immediately after Dunklrk in
1910. the British Isles were in
effect deicnSclcSS 50 far as organ-
lzed and equipped ground forces
were concerned Practically all
their field army equipment had
been lost and an immediate inva-
sion was threatened
I'm this situation Lee Enfield
rifles, Browning automatic rifles
and machine guns 7o-mm artil-
lcry, with limited ammunition and
INT of the World War stock
were hurncdly released 10 the
British IN return for immediate
contracts 10 be let IN the United
States Tor modern mdlcTiel.
For the United States the milf
tary issue Immediately az stake
was the security of the British
feet TO dominate the Atlantic.
These releases left Us with World
War stocks Of material OF the
types mentioned sufficient 10
equip 500 600 men with quantity
production TO bc under way IN
time 10 meet additional troop re-
quircmcntS incidentally. al this
time great lcnd-lcaSc shipments 10
Great Britain Russia, China and
our other Allies were untorCseen.)
Detroit evening times., 1943-09-13
ORGANIZATIONS GEARED
TO REQUIREMENTS

"A number of organlzauonal
changes have been made IN tactI-
cal units 10 meet the requirements
OF the war as 1t developed The
World War type square infantry
division has been replaced by the
hard hitting triangular division
RAPID moving tank destroyer
units have been dcVclope q.
equipped with tOWcd and self
propelled weapons capable Of
knocking out enemy tanks.
Armorcd divisions have been re-
organized 90 provide Two combat
teams. 10 improve mobility of sup
port artillery and to combine
service functions
MOTORIZED divisions have been
eliminated the transportation for
merry a part OF these divisions 10
be held in pools 10 meet a special
situation. Horse and mechanical
cavalry regiments have been
by substituting mccha-
nllCd separate ,quadronS.
Detroit evening times., 1943-09-13
u. S. Power Modified
+ or Defensive Role

With war upon us We entered a
fourth phase which covered the
complete mobilization OF the
power Of the United States and
its coordination with that-et our
Allies
During the fourth phase thr
United States and the United Ma
tionS were forced 10 assume a
defensive role while mobilizing
their strength for a global fight
to the finish
APPROXIMATELY eight m on h 6
were required BY this country act
INC in collaboration With-Us allies.
to accumulate the munitions train
the initial forces, and then 10
transport them 10 thcatcr> of
where they could be
@ m p loyed d IN offensive action
against the enemy.
Detroit evening times., 1943-09-13
The Fall Of Italy

THE capulaon of Italy marks the fall Of the first Of
three great ANS powersand Of course the least Of
the three
Germany remains to be defeated and Germany is
yt1l powerful rcSourtefu and unNeldng.
Japan ESPECIALLY remains to be defeated,
seriously chaIenged-and Japan IS mquestlonably the
most powerful and rcsourCcfu of all the ANS powers
now and the unlikely 10 WELD short OF total defeat
So the is not over but Is progressing toward Its
hardest phases
However the defeat of Italy is important and repre-
senis a great military triumph masteriuly conceived
timed and executed
I.removes thc last threat of war from Africa.
Il gives the Allies almost complete freedom of action
ID the Mediterranean
i establishes Allied positions the European con-
tneut which when they consolidated, Will facilitate
aerial bombing of all vital enemy transportation, indus
tries and troop concentrations
I FENCE there is the highest warrant for the great
| enthusiasm with which the fall Of Italy greeted
throughout The world
There is particular warrant for jublation in the
end of the and the end of paying the fghtfu costs
and penalties OF war
Italy Is defeated nation today manly BECAUSE
the American people have done much and paid so
much to accomplish It.
This is not TO say that the campaign against Italy
has not been ALLIED operation IN the fullest
The British Australians, New Zeaanders and South
Africans carried the brun of the attack from FL Aamen
TO Tunisia The Free French participated vaantly IN
Tnsia itself The Canadians had key salient in Sicily
But American fighting men provided the margin of
superiority which the difference between Italy
staying in and getting out of the war
Detroit evening times., 1943-09-13
Glider and Chute
Divisions Trained

(Airbornc divisions of glider
and parachute troops have been
established. Also there have been
provided many now types Of units
for service functions such rs port
hattalonS 10 facilitate landing
operations and tho rapid develop
mcnt OF new ports petroleum.
distribution units, air ferrying or
ganl2ations. etc
NondIvSional units except in
fantry, horse cavalry and armored
elements are being organized IN
battalionS or smaller formations
with command groups capable of
the operations OF from
TWO 10 eight such units This per-
mltS rapid assembly Of exactly the
type OF units required for any type
operation and is the basis for or
ganIzlng supporting troops for
task forces "
Detroit evening times., 1943-09-13
Paul Ma|on Says:
Quick Subiueation Of |ta|y
Is Doubted by War Experts
BY PAUL MALLON

nations The news could nor he
concealed that our breath was
TOW hot on the Ndzi back. II
should he the final German dis
-couraCement.
So conclusive was the action
in this respect that you would
expect the German army lmmc-
diately 10 shoot Hitler, Goering.
GochbelS, ct a., and ask for
terms.
But tho PruS>lan military
system is Just as near the gal
lows now. as Is Hitter The
German army viii be gone Cthe
officers viii all lose their Jobs
aS soon as they surrender
Aside from the controlling
Nazi and the army groups,
there is no political organIza-
ton available in Germany eN-
ccpt the underground Commu-
nlStS who are not strong enough
10 force internal German al
fairs 10 the gun point
This peculiar situation is ap-
parently the only thing that has
kept Germany i'm the war IN the
face OF an obviously lost cause.
The only direct military cf-
feet OF Italian surrender was 10
give us arr bases closer TO Ger
many and establish a position
whereby We may cross The
AdrlatIc and take the Balkans.
THE mysterious delay of five
days IN announcing and en-
forcing the Italian armisuce is
easily explained
II was worked that way in an
effort 10 trap the four or FIVE
German divisions in southern
Italy
The agreed time for its dis
closure was the moment our
troops landed Al Naples.
IL the news had been an
nounccd az once the NaIIS
would have been free to with.
draw the southern troops. de-
Stroying cities. railroads and
alrticldS on their way back.
Distributed O. Eang Features synd Inc.
Reproduction In whole or In part
stuc,ly prohibited
Detroit evening times., 1943-09-13
THE THIRD PHASE

On July ] 1911 the interna-
iional situation was extremely
critical. The full power Of the Ger
man army. Overwhelmingly sue
ceSSiul IN all us previous con-
had lHSt been looSed against
Russia and the momentum OF lts
FIRST drive had oyorrun vast areas
Of Russian territory.
SlIeablc concentrations Of Cor
man troops remained deploycd
along the English Channel, con-
Slant menace to the security OF
Great Britain; and German activi-
tlcS IN both the North and South
Atlantic threatened the security
OF the western hemisphere.
Detroit evening times., 1943-09-13
ANERIC tN-ATSTRtIItN
COOPERATION

tThe support and cooperation
furnished tho United States hv
tho Australian covernmcnt and
the people has been a vital. factor
IN Tho conduct Of tho war in the
Far East.
previously tho Au>lr4l Ian gov
crumcnt had assisted us in the
d-A-cInamcli-al-aI4.a4...a.-.a... -f.....s.-
the United States 10 the PhilA
pine Islands.
Natiopa guard, auti-aircraft
aud tank units which had pro-
gre>Sed sufficiently IN training
and for whlSh the necessary mod
cru equipment could be provided
were dispatched 10 the Philippines
during this period ol prebaratlon.A .A
.some 100 light tanks and the first
30 sclf-propelled artillery weapons
delivered by our arSenalS were
shipped TO tho Philippines and ar
rived prior 10 tho outbreak of war.
CT I'm orrOw. Gen. Marshall
tells Of the race against time In
prepare the Philippines 10 meet
attack
Detroit evening times., 1943-09-13
LOUIS NOLAN
1863 Anderdon.
TO THE EDITOR

Il) IiIt EDITOR
TIL following cdblcEIam rom
Il Or John r Nofl~ cNecI-
tive director of the Save mo
CGildran Federation, was lc.
cCivcd TODAY hv the organize
tioH.e local treasurer Nr Philip
is Watson. who hopes that sou
can find space 10 mention tre
work described
Visited BrOadlrid Court.
former ! = Frc~tIy res doucc
uoW Save fnc Children Feqcra.
I0n evacuation center. equipped
and maintained hv contributions
from Detroit committee Chill
0rcu evacuated from dangerous
afraS into uru~laI Ifrf. NOW
80 --T-- TIT n.
adequate nursery and teaching
-ia'f Earnestly urge continued
support hF \cIiIcn, Cf Dcfr1f
both ss matter OF -.1guG social
service and as substantial eo--
rUrc cf good WIZ ~ BHl5r.
Lunchcd to-day with ItFIcfeE ts-
fIye oiBrl.ish Board ~ Ifrayr
Who expressed appreciation ~
support and hoped ii would Dr
continuous
lr addition 30 BrpadfCld
Court rhc Detroit committee
also sppori- kirkhHI Nlr.crs
5oinbr1ee scotland r1 a
Coy nursery al J4ll fo.fth
Detroit evening times., 1943-09-13
REINFORCEMENTS FOR
OVERSEAS GARRISONS

Lack Of modern matcriel. espc-
cIally IN arplancS and anu-air-
craft guns. aS well as lack of
framed units embarrassed the war
department during this period
both I'm the training OF troops
tlneludlng air unitS) and in the
preparation of our overseas eStab-
hshmentS TO meet possible attacks
IN both oceans.
Since 1885 the Hawaiian Islands
having been given first priority.
had been provided with more COM
ploic troop garriSons and muni-
tionS than any other overseas
garrison. II now became impera-
Detroit evening times., 1943-09-13
Defense Phase Ended
In Guadalcanal Attack

This phase Of the great cmor-
Cency ended in August 1912 with
the successful assault on the Jap
ancse positions AZ Guadalcanal and
TuIagi in the Solomon Islands.
The tilth phase. IN which We arc
now engaged involves the launch
ing failed military power against
orr enemies m series OF con-
Stantly increasing offensive blows
until they are beaten into complete
submission.
Detroit evening times., 1943-09-13

r III caCh Diank# Win the cor
rect word (a) King George
VI Of England used 10 be
tho Duke of .~.. tbl
The capital of Australia is
.......; lC) jamalca-IS IN
-thc----Scar---
Answer yes or no, ca) Is
Boston farther north than
Berlin? Ob) Did Ash
Wednesday come-in March
in 1888 tc) Did the CRU
SadcS take place IN the
tcnth century?
For travellers. Fill in the
blanks Ca) The great water
way of Alaska is ......:
Ch) Vancouver Is the chief
...... port Of Canada
(c) The Lorelei rock is the
..... River.
For Bible readers Answer
with one word: la) What
cily'S walls were broken
down by trumpet blowing ?
tb) Who was the ruler to
have John the Baptist i'm
prlSoned? tcj What son of
Saul was close friend of
David?
Some Of these statements
are true. some false. Spot
the errors: la) A calorle Is
a unit of weight: Co The
Palace Of Versailles Is near
Rome; tC) If the President
and VICE president OF the
United States should die.
the secretary Of state first
succeeds TO the presidency
-lIoW'S your memory? Here
is a general quiz. Time your
self. tal Was julius Caesar.
Cleopatra or Charlemagne
called The Serpent of the
Nile? (bD Did Wolfe Tone
live in England. Scotland or
Ireland? CO. The Battle Of
Shiloh took place i'm the
War Of 1872. the Civil War,
the Revolutionary War?
Heres a music quiz ta) In
DebuSSy program would
YOU hear Afternoon OF
Faun or Gypsy Love
Song q? lbl Would YOU be
listening 10 "Rigolctto' or
II Troyatorc' if YOU heard
Tho Anvil Chorus CO.. If
YOU wished to hear The
Ride of the NaIkyrieS" would
YOU put on a record hy
Strauss or Wagner
Copyright 1919, hy King Features
( Answers on Opposite Page
Detroit evening times., 1943-09-13
Selectees Served
For Only a Year

Under the terms of the Selec-
tive Traising and Service Act,
sclcctceS e. I'D only be retained
in the service for a perioG Of one
year unless "A national emergency
existed.
The critical international Situa-
tjon demanded the retention Of
these mon and organizations If
the security OF the WeSter
Hemisphere was 10 be assured,
Detroit evening times., 1943-09-13
Dear Mr.. Secretary:

With the nation at I submit biennial report
covering the period from July L. 1941 to June 80 1943
In my first report which covered the period between
July L. 1889 June 80 1941 the events treated in
two phases.
The first phase included the fall of France and
cred the period of national uncertainty to the influence
of the war upon the United States.
Detroit evening times., 1943-09-13
Tert of Gen. MarshoWs Report on Army
Starts With Attack on Russia

EditoyS Note: The bicRniol report Of Cen George
C. Marshall chcf at staff Of the t. S. army, 10 Secretary
of iar Henry L.StjmSoH is the most GuthoritGtirc,
pycbCnSire military history OF this yet to appear
II is, il, Gen. MarShars 'cordS, "a record of whot
doao anil chy 1t ,cos DONE IN the period from Jy
/, 1911 to JuHc 30 1913.
The Detroit Times wH publish the report il, serial
fopQ.
Gen. Marshall has assured that rctoy is
tain, that greet attacks IN the making in crcy Hcater
OF 3cor-jR Europe, Asia the PGcitc-WhCrerer the
enemy is TO be fop1d. Here IN Gen MarShaHS WordS
the record Of struggle ard mpisbmeat that has
2lade that rlctOrv possible.
Detroit evening times., 1943-09-13

NASHINGTON, Sept 13-AS
Americans first surge d
ashore at Naples, a better-than-
usual military count showed l3
e cr m a n divisions then en-
tronched in northern Italy, and.
four or five in the south (about
2000 men m all.
This force was greater than
anything the United Nations
had publicly shown IN action in
Sicily or southern Italy
Announcements have mon
toned only five American dlvi-
SlonS In action i'm Sicily. and
have suggested the presence Of
about an equal number of Brit
iSh and Canadians. IN action at
any rate lreservcs not dis.
CloSedl.
Moreover, an excellent defcn-
SiVc position was available To
the NazIS IN the Apennine line
running from Pisa on the
Mediterranean through Florence
10 AnCona on the AdrlatIC. The
few main highways approach
this line through m u-n Ia n
passes and tho railroads run
through tunnels
TlIE Germans could constantly
Il augment and supply a force
there from rear lines running
back into three directions 10
southern France. Austria and
Trieste Cthe BalkanSD
Furthermore il would be Just
like the Germans 10 plan their
big fight on Italian soil. and
thus cause destruction of Italian
cities and civilians rather than
their own. Indeed If they live
lp 10 their historic customs.
they will surrender before VIC
or tho Russians can get to their
borders.
II was clear 10 all that even
after our successful landings on
Italian shores. everything would
have 10 he organized all over
again for campaign against a
strong Nazi defense on the
Apcnninc line. or oven the
weaker Po and final Alpine
lines behind H.
This was true in TuniSia and
in Sicily where We had 10 stop
10 rcorCanizc after victories i'm
order 10 meet a new and differ
cnt situation
As result. The men who
know military affairs here have
hcon less enthusiastic than the
general public IN expectation OF
"A swift conclusion in Italy.
TIlE military results of the
u BadoChu arUIStJCc were like
wise restricted Probably tho
main result was the mdetcct-
able effect n had on the Ger
man people and their conquered
Detroit evening times., 1943-09-13
u. S. and Canada
Form Defense Unit

In August. 1910 following The
fall of France and the critical
situation resulting with regard TO
the security of The British isles.
tho United States and Canada had
formed a permanent Joint board
on defense
Strong Italian forces meanwhile
were maSSing in Africa In the
Pacific tho menaCing preparations
of Japan were regarded as pos
Slble preface 10 attacks upon
British and Dutch possessions IN
the Far East and upon the Philip
pines Malaysia, Hawaii and the
Panama Canal Aggression in
lndo-Chlna gave unmlstakablc
evidence OF Japan's plan TO en-
large her empire al the expense
of weaker countries.
Detroit evening times., 1943-09-13
to the EDITOR

street Detroit. Mrs. Mabellc
W Cleverdon. regional repre-
sentative of the Save the Chll-
dren Federation makes her
headquarters al the orCanlza-
ton 5 Midwest Clothing Collcc-
ton Center 500 Woodward
avenue Clothing donated IN the
mlddloweStern area Is here col
lectcd and repaired before being
shipped TO the southern noun
talnS and 10 Puerto Rico and
Great Britain
Very sincerely yours.
HOPE WHITTE\.
n..IIa..Ia. l.
Detroit evening times., 1943-09-13
70 THE EDITOR:

I KNOW our city is divided
i INTO zones 70 make mail de-
livery easier. And I'm all for 70.
But | can't find out what zone
! live IN
Why don't they put the zone
numbers on the corner mail
boxes 50 every one Will know
their zones II would hc a blg
help.
Detroit evening times., 1943-09-13

live that the deTenses Of the
Panama Canal and Alaska be
given immediate priority
Detroit evening times., 1943-09-13
y VI HARTLEY.
1929 Chene street.

To TIE EDITOR
THE DETROIT TIMES day
Il in and day-out has the hest
editorials IN the English lam
cuaco b1t the one For slack
orS and Strikers at Home was
thc cream Of the cream.
Tho Times should Get AN
army and navy = for rs cdro-
rial contributions 10 thc war
effort.
Detroit evening times., 1943-09-13
EXTENSION or SERVICE

in this grave situation IN the
summer of 1911 tho war depart
mcnt was faced with the dIsinte-
grafton of the army which had
reached a strength of more than
-----r-----.r-rr.~-- ---r''.-'-T--c
action intcrvened 10 save the sit
uatIOn.
Detroit evening times., 1943-09-13

and such a recommendation was
ma . 10 tho Congress by tho
President early in July. The Sc
lective Service Extension Act of
194l was approved the latter part
of August, four months before the
attack on Pearl Harbor
DEVELOPMENT OF THE ARMY
At this time the Army of the
United States consisted of a par
TALLY equipped force of 2S IN
fantry divisions, a newly created
armored force of four divisions.
two cavalry divisions, the harbor
iCfcnSeS of the United States, and
an air force OF 209 incomplete
SQuadronS.
There was in existence a num-
Der of establishments such as in
duclon stations, replacement
training centerS, and officer cam
didate and specialists schools.
which provided the necessary basis
and experience for a rapid cN-
pansion of the army IN the event
of war
During the summer Of 1911
large battle rchcarsalS continued
which Included maneuNcrS In Au-
gust September and November Of
Sonic 900OC tT00pS.