davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1943-05-25
THIS AND THAT
By Charles E. Trdce1pell.

dear to higher forms Of life is their
misfortune.
At the same time, though, things seem
to work out to their good fortune, too,
because the more vegetables and flowers
human being put into the ground, and
spend hours caring for, the more life
material there Is for the insects to work
on and to develop on in their various
cycles.
Thus the problem of the insects Is not
just single, an increase Of the various
forms, as sometimes we tend to think 1t,
but also is a double problem, in which
mankind has hand by providing them
extra food.
Experts have been telling us for many
years that the next great battle of the
world will be between insects and man.
World Wars and II have intervened,
but still their prediction probably has
as much truth in it as ever.
The demands of humanity for food
mean more and more grain and other
foodstuffs raised, and the more raised,
the more insects they will support.
Even if the united resources and de-
termination of all mankind were tuned
to curbing and controlling the insects
and rusts and fungi inimical to man
and his food crops, it is doubtful whether
we could ever wipe them out.
They have ways of propagating them
selves which are involved, seemingly, for
purpose. Some forms of insects can
lie over in the ground for years, as the
famous 17-year locust, for instance
Some forms can remain hard and dry
for several years, to spring into abund-
ant life when water finally touches them
There is brine shrimp, for instance,
which is true crustacean mot an in
sect), whose eggs can remain dry for
at least six years, without losing their
life principle
Insects can do much better than this
1t is but one of the many ways they
have of outWitting man
So when we curse the bugs" in our
Victory gardens, or just plain flower gar
dens, we should at the same time re-
member how willy and therefore intelli-
gent the insects are
Every one of them is worth looking at;
some of them are worth intensive study
Even the plant lice, or aphids, which
come in several colors (the principal one
is green, often outWit the gardener by
going around to the back of the leaf
where they find shelter from the careless
sprayer
One of the first lessons of the gardener
is learning to be careful to spray the
undersides of all leaves.
Once this is learned, the insects can
not get away; but before delivering the
blow, take time out, even in a busy sea.
son. to study the victim; it is impossible
to know, at this stage in our progress
whether God, in the end, will not think
more of the animals, birds, insects anc
fishes than He does of us.
Evening star., 1943-05-25
Gasoline History

The American people are learning
to appreciate their dependence upon
what the Century Dictionary calls
"the lightest volatile liquid product
commonly obtained from the distil-
lation of petroleum. Thousands of
individuals who can remember when
1t was regarded as waste" of the
oil Industry now realize that, in ef-
feet. 1t is the power which moves
most Of the wheels Of day-to-day life
in the United States. Millions of
gallons of it, which were pumped
into the Atlantic Ocean in the period
before the invention Of the gasoline
motor, now at last are regretted as
they we'll should be. along with tim
Der and coal and other natural
resources which the Nation ought to
have guarded with more zeal.
Meanwhile, a good-sized book
could be written about how some
thing that nobody wanted became
something that everybody wants.
The Americana says: I'm the early
years of the petroleum industry there
was no market for this product. -
At that time the kerosene fraction
In the crude was the most desirable,
''' When a demand was created at
length for gasoline for gas making
and internal combustion engines, a
standard brand could be obtained,
water white and 76 degrees gravity.
Still later a gravity OF 60 degrees
met the purpose. With improve
ment in refining and development of
new processes, arising largely out of
World War demands and the in
creasing use OF motor vehicles, the
ideas formerly held as to what con-
stituted gasoline suitable for motor
fuel underwent revision. Gravity
and color now have minor value in
the determination Of the merits"
Gasoline engines, it seems, were
invented by Stuart Perry of New
York between 1874 and 184e. "They
included both the air and water
cooled types and used turpentine
gases as fuel" A gasoline traction
engine allegedly was built by Charles
w. Hart and Charles H. Parr at
Madison, Wisconsin, in 1866. Ac-
cording to Joseph Nathan Kane in
Famous First Facts" the first auto
mobile operated by a combination of
gasoline and electricity was placed in
service about 1910. 1T was equipped
with the Owen magnetic drive and
generator in a combined unit" At
about the same date, an improved
speed buggy" was constructed by
the General Electric Company Of
Schenectady for Colonel E. H. R..
Green, son Of the famous Hetty
Green and himself celebrated as an
enthusiastic friend of mechanical
progress and as President Roosevelt's
rival for the title of Americas Num-
ber / stamp collector.
Evening star., 1943-05-25
Not So Visionary

It Is not difficult to understand the
point OF view which regards the
proposals presented to the food con-
ference at Hot Springs by the United
Kingdom delegation as chimerical,
especially when studied against the
background of our own somewhat
dismal experience in dealing with the
food problem, and the farm problem,
here at home. One may with good
reason question the practical appli-
cation of an idea for establishment
of some international food-control
and distribution machinery to deal
with food problems on global scale,
when we have been told that third
OF our own people, in times of rela-
tive prosperity and peace, are
Ill fed.
But there will be no disagreement
with the desirability of the general
objectives laid before the food con-
ferees by the British delegation, or
with the thought that unless we
begin now to think of these things
and to discuss them frankly, we shall
come to the end of the war unpre-
pared to deal with the chaos of
peace. This first food conference is
merely one of many which must be
held to set in motion the controlled
forces which must work together in
shaping the postwar world. Richard
Law, who laid the United Kingdom
declaration of principles before the
conferees, regards any agreements
reached at Hot Springs as valuable
Introduction to considerations of
the economic problems to which the
United Nations will have to devote
their urgent attention in the near
future" One may hope that this
conception Of the Hot Springs con-
ference as valuable introduction"
will be accepted generally, and that
no proposals or agreements on prin-
ciple, made or reached by the dele
gates, will be ridiculed or lightly re-
garded because they may seem so
visionary now.
Judge Marvin Jones, president Of
the conference, indicates the proper
perspective in his comment that
program, such as outlined by the
United Kingdoms delegation, would
take years to work out" 1t is not
to be regarded as anything more
tangible than a general meeting
place from which to begin. And
when we consider the vast cost, in
lives, In money and in wasted re-
sources, represented in a global war
OF destruction, it does not seem an
Idle waste of time to begin talking
now about the utilization of a frac-
ton Of this cost in working toward
that goal Of freedom from want"
throughout the world which is one
OF the surest guarantees against
future wars
Evening star., 1943-05-25
A War Program Milestone

From the Arkansas City Traveller.
The War Production Boards announce
ment that new war-plant construction
has reached an end is of great signifi-
canoe as milestone in the war effort.
1t means that a colossal goal has been
accomplished, that war industry finally is
coming Of age. From now on the great
amount Of labor and materials which
have been poured into plant construction
can go into implements of war instead.
The announcement also implies that
the huge factories which have been built
the length and breath of the land are
swinging into full production of arms
and equipment in volume calculated as
sufficient to sustain the march to victory.
And that, representing full-blown in
dustrial revolution in the comparatively
brief space Of less than three years, Is no
mean accomplishment.
Evening star., 1943-05-25
Compulsory Cadet Service
The Board of Education's approval

Inc BOard OF EducatlOn'S approval
In principle of compulsory cadet
training for three years is a step in
the right direction, but the law evi-
IDENTIFY leaves considerable discretion
to the high school principals and to
the parents. The principal may"
accept a request from a parent that
a student be excused from cadet
service, but it is not clear that the
parent must accept the principals
ruling. And as uniforms are bought
from commercial houses by the
parents, it is plain that the school
authorities are without real authority
to force them to purchase such
equipment or that the drills can be
made compulsory under the present
system.
A relatively small percentage OF
the boys are enrolled in the cadet
corps. The price of uniforms may
be a factor which discourages such
enrolment. These prices have risen
sharply in the past few years, calling
for an outlay that many parents may
feel they cannot afford And if this
condition is real handicap to COM
pulsory service in the cadets, it
should be removed by making avail
able, at small charge or at no
charge at all, adequate uniforms for
drill. The Board of Education is
pursuing the matter by asking the
Quartermaster Corps of the Army to
rule on request for provision of
uniforms at cost. But it seems i'm
probable that, unless there is spe-
cif1c statutory authority, the Army
could enter into such an arrange
ment
The matter is important enough
for some study by Congress, to de-
termine what can be done now to
make the high school cadet corps the
effective medium it could be for pre-
induction military training. It is to
be hoped that the matter will be dis
cussed during the coming Senate
hearings on the pending District
appropriation bill. The fine start
made on the physical fitness program
In the public schools, in danger now
because of the difficulty in securing
qualified instructors, should be aug
mented by effective strengthening of
the cadet corps.
Evening star., 1943-05-25
BETHESDA, Md.

Dear Sir:
Il would like to know the name of the
queer creature, bird or insect, which has
been coming to the phlox plants In our
garden.
AT first we thought it was a hum
mingbird, but after we discovered that
we could come up to this thing and
fairly touch it without frightening 1t
we decided that it could not be bird.
1T huns exactly as hummingbirds do
and is green on its body, rather soft and
like plush, and has touch of red, just
as the hummingbird has
This creature or whatever it Is
spends most Of its time on the phlox
plants, going from one little flower to
another, up and down, and in this 1t also
resembles hummingbird.
I'VE have not had any of the latter
this year, but usually have several of
them in June and July. They are al
ways delight. I wondered if this new
creature could be some type of humming-
bird we have never seen.
Most sincerely, M L."
Our correspondents creature" is the
sphinx moth.
In our own garden it is called the
"phlox bug" because of it's plain prefer
ence for the f1owerlets of that plant
1t is often possible to capture these
insects in ones hand
They seem to be entirely fearless, per-
mitting an observer to stand right over
them, with hand just few inches away.
The rather round body looks almost
as if covered with soft green feathers
The red is the exact color of that on
the ruby throated hummingbird.
At q little distance it is possible to
confuse the two, owing to the coloration
and the habit of going up and down a
flower spike, but close at hand there is
no resemblance.
This form Of the sphinx moth is about
as close as moth ever comes to resem-
bling bird.
At one time specimen came for sew
eral weeks on Sunday alone. Hence 1t
was called, at least in one garden, the
Sunday bug"
1t Is but one Of the many strange
forms which may be found in small
yard, provided one searches for them
regularly.
Even the insects which visit vegetables
and flowers are interesting bits of life,
despite the damage they may do.
In all our spraying with poisonous lio-
uids and powders, we should keep firm
hold of the essential fact that the things
we are trying to kill are very interesting
after all.
They have life, the same as we do, and
no doubt in their odd ways might even
have some sense Of the universal strug-
gle for life, liberty and happiness.
That they happen to trespass on things
Evening star., 1943-05-25
SALVAGE Miracle

The highest Of Communications
should 60 to the men of the Navy
and those from civilian life who have
joined hands to send back to sea all
but five OF the nineteen warships
which were pounded with japanese
aerial bombs and torpedoes in the
assault on Pearl Harbor. Nor will
these remaining five be total loss.
The battleship Oklahoma, which
capsized, has been righted, and the
target ship Utah, which also turned
turtle, will be salvaged in similar
fashion. The future of these battered
hulls remains uncertain, but naval
officers say that the Oklahoma, at
least, will leave Pearl Harbor under
her own power.
The remaining ships are the bat
tleship Arizona, which broke in two
when her magazine exploded, and
the destroyers Cassin and Downs,
both damaged beyond feasibility of
repair. Yet they have not been a
total loss, many of their guns,
machinery, ETC., having been sal
vaged and put to other uses.
AS for the others-those which
have been patched up and sent out
OF the harbor-they are, or will be,
better warships than on that fateful
Sunday when the Rising Sun bombers
and torpedo planes made their bid
to knock out the Pacific Fleet before
the people Of the United States could
know that war had. started. That
the japanese enjoyed measure of
success is not denied nova far
greater measure than one would
have thought from reading the Navy
Departments announcement after
the attack that certain unnamed
ships had been damaged but were
capable of repair within a few weeks
to a few months"
It has been almost year and a
half since Japan struck, and five Of
the nineteen ships that were hit are
not yet ready for service, and may
never 60 back to sea. But fourteen
of the vessels which bore the brunt
OF that attack. including the battle
ships Nevada, California, West vir-
ginia, Pennsylvania, Maryland and
Evening star., 1943-05-25
Huskin's Answers
To Questions
BIZ Frederic J. Hdskin.

A reader can get the ans,Der to any
question OF fact by ,Drtting The Epe-
ming Star Information Bureau, Fred
eric J. Hdskin, director, Washington,
D. c. Please inclose stamp for return
postage.
@. What is the estimated daily in
terest on public debt Of 210 billions?-
E. K. B.
A. Computed at rate of 2.04 per cent
the interest on such debt would amount
to about $l1 1,736,986 day.
@. When did DR.. Eduard Benes become
President Of Czechoslovakia?-F. M. A.
A. He was elected in 1885 for q seven
year term. However, by decision Of tho
Czechoslovak Council Of State In Lon
don last December, Dr.. Benes will serve
as President for an indefinite period.
@. How large are the eyes In the
Statue of Liberty?-E. L. H.
A. Each eye measures feet 6 inches
across.
@. When was the heath hen last seen
at Marthas Vineyard?-L. E. K.
A. In the 1928 census Of these birds,
one male was found. 1t was banded and
released and last seen alive in February.
1882.
Evening star., 1943-05-25

visitor confessed that he had not known
that the shield OF these armorial bear
ings was the origin Of "Old Glory" had
concluded his was an exceptional case
1t appears that this is not so. There
even may be some of your readers who do
not know that the shield of this old
English family of squires consists of a
row of stars above a series of stripes
Gin heraldic language molets and BENDS
and that there can be no question that
this is the origin of the National Flag
There is no record of it, but it seems
likely that this adaptation of his family
coat-of-arms was made with the ap-
proval, possibly even at the suggestion,
OF George Washington himself.
In addition to this, another interesting
fact has been established of which even
that omniscient, but now misnamed,
American publication, the Encyclopaedia
Britannica, seemed unaWare-that the
American eagle has an English origin.
1t is true that the crest of the Sulgrave
Washingtons was a raven; but they had
come from earlier Washingtons settled
in Lancashire in the 18th century, and
these had for their crest an eagle with
raised wings-the bird of freedom today.
1t may be of interest to add that the
mother of Lawrence Washington of
Warton, Lancashire, the first owner of
Sulgrave, was Margaret Kitson, whose
brother Thomas was direct ancestor of
Winston Churchill. George Washington
and Mr.. Churchill are therefore blood
relations having a common ancestor in
Robert Kitson, the father of Margaret
and Thomas.
Many contemporary coatS-o arms of
the Washingtons, besides that at Sui
grave, exist in England. A window of
the library of Durham College shows
the arms of John washington, prior of
Durham, 1416-1446. A parchment in the
British Museum of the mid-l5th century
Incorporates the shield of Tomas
Weschynton Of ye byschopperyke OF
Derham." An even earlier coat-that of
William de washington, before 1400, can
be seen in Windemere Church. In all
these arms the stars and stripes are
featured The heiress of the last Of the
Durham Washingtons, Alianora, married
Sir William Tempest and died in 1451.
Their only child married William NAL
lory, whose descendant, Dorothy Mallory,
was the first wife of Sir George Bowes,
an ancestor of his second marriage of
the Bowes-Lyon family and Of the pres
ent Queen of England.
ERIC UNDERWOOD.
Evening star., 1943-05-25
Letters to the Editor

Letters to the Editor must
bear the name and address of
the 1Driter, although the use of
a pSeudonym for publication is
permissible. The Star reserDes
the right to edit all letters 1Dith
a Die1D to condensation.
Evening star., 1943-05-25
Capitalization
Resented


Resented.
To the Editor Of The Star:
It has been said that when the state
completely takes economic control Of an
individual the state is all-powerful in
the life of that person. That Is what
happened in Germany.
For decade the GENERALIZATION Of
power in Washington has been increas-
ingly apparent. Individuals are in
structed that they must think and act
as directed with the alternative that
political plums may be withheld.
But the word must" is not included
in the vocabulary Of Democratic princi-
Piles, and the growing bureaucracy
should end. We don't want America
Hitlerized.
EDMUND K. ooLDsBoRoudH.
Evening star., 1943-05-25
Economic Internationalism
Discussed in Relation to Peace.

To the Editor OF The Star:
In the editorial from the Winnipeg
Free Press which was reprinted in The
Star, 1t is written that economic ma
tionalism is the greatest barrier to per-
manent world peace and it is suggested
that international trade be developed to
the greatest possible extent for the well
fare of the people OF all the countries
when the world is once at peace agree
with the editorial as far as it goes, but
1t seems to me that it doesn't go quite far
enough because it makes no mention of
political nationalism as being one of the
most fundamental of all the causes of
war. Nor does it explain just how it
would be possible to prevent the return
Of economic nationalsm il the nations
Of the world would be allowed to con-
tinue to maintain complete political SOW
ereignty as heretofore, answering only
to themselves for their actions whenever
they could get away with it.
To certain extent, in the editorial
from the Edinburgh Scotsman reprinted
Immediately below that OF the Canadian
newspaper, this problem is considered,
for the Edinburgh editorial defends Brit
aims desire to hold her colonial empire
after the war on the ground that the
nations and colonies of the British Com
monwealth are, and ought to be, politi-
cally and economically interdependent
rather than completely sovereign.
Here we have the paradox of Ca
madam newspaper advocating economic
internationalism and Il assunie) political
nationalism for the world, while an
Edinburgh newspaper advocates eco
nomic and political internationalism so
long as it is limited to the British Com
monwealth of Nations. But when we
consider that the British Empire is, in ef-
feet, one great sprawled-out nation, we
see that the Winnipeg editorial is more
liberal than the one from Scotland, even
though it makes no provision for world
government, which alone can guarantee
an end to imperialistic exploitation and
international anarchy-the two great
causes of war.
This does not necessarily mean, how
ever, that world government will in it.
self bring an end to economic exploita-
ton, for 1t might well be that the world
will remain capitalistic after 1t has been
politically united, as did Great Britain
Nevertheless, it seems to me that bold
steps must be taken now, if possible,
toward the establishment of a world
government. Although it is possible to
have poverty and civil war with govern
ment, if economic systems do not con-
form to the needs of peoples, it is not
possible to have universal security and
freedom and peace without it. This is
one of the most apparent facts of the
Goth century. CLEMENT DROz.
Evening star., 1943-05-25

It must be a great satisfaction for
a farm hand to be drafted and enjoy
that extra two-hour snooze in the
morning. Soldiers do not have to
get up until the bugle blows at $50.
Evening star., 1943-05-25

Q. Have all the Presidents of the
stamps?-R. w. E.
A Postage stamps have been issued to
honor all the Presidents from Washing
ton to Coolidge.
@. How often are members of Con-
gress paid?-M S.
A. Members of Congress are paid
monthly.
@. What is the location of the largest
country store in the world?-A E. j.
A. Wolcott, vt. The stoe was opened
little more than so years ago by
Charles E. Haskell. 1t consists of a main
building 165Xl11 feet and storehouse.
and almost everything imaginable is sold
there.
@. What Is the origin Of the popu-
larity of onion soups. 4. K.
A. A Polish king Stanisas, the father.
in-law of Louis XIV Of Fance, was re-
sponsible for the fad. H, discovered it
while staying at an inn In Chalons.
@. Where is the famous rec that owns
itself?-O. w. B.
A. There are two such tees In Geor-
gia one at Athens and aother at Ok
ford.
@, What proportion of British women
are engaged in war work?-K F. B.
A. More than two-t thirds the women
OF Britain between the ages f IA and IS
are at work in industry, in the armed
forces, or in full-time defensework
@. Where is the largest cadllon in the
world?-A. G. V.
A. The famous carlton Of y bells Of
Riverside Church, New York City, is said
to be the largest in the word.
@. Are fishes born with q without
ScaleS?-M. L. L.
A. Fishes are born without sales. The
scales develop from nuclei AMI grow In
size as the fish grows.
@. When Is the minimum Of tho
present sunspot activity eDected?-
| L. D. B.
A. The minimum is expected early in
| 1914.
@. When was Belgium made an inde-
pendent country?-C. C. F..
A. Established as an INDEPENDENT
state with constitutional and hereditary
monarchy in 1881, Prince Leopold of
Saxe-Coburg was proclaimed fist King
of the Belgians on June 4, 1882.
@. How did the cucumber get its
name?-P. r. D.
| A. The supposed origin Of the name Is
| as follows: Many years ago cuumbers
were not considered suitable for human
| food, but were fed to cows and hence
| were called "cowcumbers" Some one
| finally became curious and dedded to
taste what the cows ate with such relish.
He found that cucumbers were god. The
| news spread and every one bega1 to eat
| them. The name was changed from
"cowcumbers," though, because t1e folks
| disliked the idea of eating Gov food.
| Thus, "cucumbers" came into beng
@. Has Mohandas K. Ganthi ever
visited the United States?-T. :. Y.
| A. Gandhi has never visited tho
United States.
Evening star., 1943-05-25

Germany is now learning, the hard
way, that it Is no safer to catch an
eagle or q lion by the tail than q
bear.