davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1943-06-14
The Great Game of Politics
Appointment Of Boruch Promises Corrective
Action, but Only if President Gives Support

whom authority Is delegated can
exercise it just as far as the Pres
ident wants and no farther. 1t is
all a question of presidential sup
port. If they have it, they can do
anything; if they lack it, they can
do nothing - and they know 1t.
Certainly, Mr.. Baruch knows it.
In the last war, the reason he was
able to make so fine q record was
because no one could go over his
head to President Wilson, and Mr.
Wilson supported him fully in what
ever he did. Mr.. Roosevelt has not
yet trusted or supported anyone to
thai extent In anything. Some think
him incapable OF doing so.
In this case, full support is vital
If progress out OF the mess is to be
made. The hope is it will be given,
but the situation justifies some
doubt. For, it is clear that soon or
late some things Mr.. Baruch and
Mr.. Byrnes are bound to want to do
will not be welcomed at the White
House.
Two Things Essential.
For example, If they are to get
anywhere. two things are essential
one, the replacing OF incompetents
IN key positions with competent
men; the other, adoption of an ade-
quate and comprehensive tax pro-
gram.
The flrSt cannot be done without
arousing New Deal Ire and disturb
ing plans of the fourth-term strate-
gists whose headquarters are in the
White House. The other cannot be
done without sweeping aside the
Secretary Of the Treasury and
adopting a general sales tax to which
Mr.. Roosevelt and his CIO friend.
Philip Murray, are opposed.
Baruch No Yes Man.
Perhaps ways around or through
these obstacles may be found. It
all depends on the ability of the
President to adjust to the emer-
gency. his willingness to put fourth
term politics aside, Mr.. Baruch is
tactful and one of the least trucu-
lent Of men. He never get mad.
But, no one has ever regarded him
as yes man or pushover.
For the first time since the war
began he has an official connection
but he Is still a free man-free, for
example, to resign and give his
reasons II he found he had been
given Responsibility without power"
Or, II he found that anyone was 60
ing over the head of Mr.. Byrnes to
the President; or that he is unable
to accomplish anything.
Mr.. Baruch's friends say he has
no expectation Of these things hap
pening, but that If they should, his
course would be clear. He does not
want to run the country or the ad-
min1stration, as Mr.. Roosevelt in
moments Of evaporation has limited.
All he wants is to help win the war.
Evening star., 1943-06-14
TO The Man ABOUT TO
GETA PERSONAL LOAN

THIS is time to avoid borrowing
L if you can. So before you get
loan, ask yourself this question. Is
loan the best answer to my problem?
If it is not, solve your money problem
some other way.
Sometimes a family can avoid bor-
rowing simply by spending less. Be-
fore you borrow, go over your budget
item by item. Strike off the things
you don't really need. See whether
you can't squeeze through without
going into debt. If you must get
loan, don't borrow more than you
really need-and make every effort to
pay it back as quickly as possible.
Sometimes a loan con help
1t often happens that a loan, repay
able in monthly instalments, can help
a family to work its way out of debt.
The loan is used to pay up accumu-
lated bills so that the family can put
Evening star., 1943-06-14

who goes to Dorothy THOMPSON.
the roots of things. The word
has fallen into misuse. All who
wanted to take radical action
have been considered as sub
Versive elements"
But neither surgeons nor good
gardeners are subversive ele-
ments, though if they are any
good they are radical. I tried
to teach radicalism to a 13-year-
old boy this morning, in connec-
ton with the preparation of a
bed for seedlings.
I told him that unless he
spaded the ground deep, culti-
waited it twice, raking out all
stones and clods of weeds, finally
raking 1t repeatedly until the
soil was pulverized, he would
spend the rest Of the summer
trying to get out the witch-grass
without injuring the plants;
whereas, If he did it properly
his work would be largely fin
ished, once and for all.
But the boy was a liberal. He
wanted to arrange everything on
the surface; rake the fresh and
pulverized soil over the clods and
appoint new committee when
the weeds came up again. Any
other procedure he regarded as
exaggeration Maybe he thought
the weeds also had right to
live.
Two Great Radicals.
In the matter of that seedling-
bed, I was following the advice
OF two great Winston
Churchill and Bernard Baruch.
Nobody thinks of them as such,
because they lean toward con-
servatism in politics. Radical
ism is not incompatible with a
passion for preserving society.
which both of them share. They
have no desire to spade up both
the weeds and the seedlings.
The essence Of the radical in
tellect Is to see what is neces-
sary to achieve a certain end.
and have the courage to do 1t,
regardless of whether it is pleas
ant or conventional.
Mr.. Churchill knew, In 1884,
that II you allowed the Germans
to rearm, there would be war.
He was for every reasonable con-
cession to the Germans-long
before Hitler-except one: re-
armament. He said so, day in
and day out, so in England they
said he was a man with Sin
gle-track mind"
Mr.. Churchill thought politi-
cally; Mr.. Baruch thought eco
nomically. He thought: The
Germans and Japs are going to
make war But IN order to make
war, you have to have a war
Evening star., 1943-06-14
Radical Action, in Its True Meaning,
Possible as Boruch Steps Into OWN

economy. They can be prevented
from making war economy, and
can therefore be prevented from
making war.
Presented Anti-War Plan.
In 1896, Mr.. Baruch first out
lined plan to prevent the war.
1t was radical and simple. 1t was
merely that the United States
should enter the field and sys-
tematically buy away from the
world market, and at any price
necessary to overbid the Ger
mans, those essential raw mate
rails which the Germans did not
have and without which the
manufacture Of arms is impos-,
sible-such things rs magnesium,
chrome, industrial diamonds, etc.
People said is would be too
expensive. He remarked dryly
that it would be a bagatelle
compared to war. Now. too
late, the Office of Strategic
Services is doing exactly that
thing. as mere detail Of an
enormous war program.
When war came, Mr. Baruch
had a plan for avoiding inf1a-
ton. 1t was not pleasant
plan, for 1t hit many vested
interests, political and eco
nomic. from top to the bottom.
Its only merit was that it would
work.
Planlessness Instead.
So instead OF having a plan.
we have had the planlessness of
the planners. who are mostly
liberals. and don't want to hurt
any one except maybe a few of
the rich. Thus has the liberal
spirit degenerated.
~ 40 llOV wv 1dGC W VI ll!B
order out of chaos. But whether
Messrs. Brynes and Baruch can
do it depends on the amount of
authority they have. They will
also fail II they have to make
every concession called for by
the intimate advisers of the
White House, who have a finger
in every pie.
1t is strange that men like
Mr.. Churchill and Mr.. Baruch,
who can no longer be called
even middle aged. have an intel
lectual vigor rarely found in
younger men. In the original
sense Of the word, they are more
radical Usually radicalism
is associated with youth. But
what the world needs Is the
radicalism that comes from
knowledge and experience, and is
vet animated by a youthful
spirit.
Leave World Ship Shape.
Most old men get calcified
brains and hearts, and are af1lict-
ed with calcif1ed interests.
Youth, on the other hand, has an
emotional bias toward radical
proposals, without the expert
ence to know what causes pro-
duce what consequences. Where
you have a combination of ex-
perience, disinterestedness and.
u" impaired intellect. you have a
man who finishes job and leaves
the world ship shape for the
generation to follow.
Such men can say, with that
personal disinterestedness ex-
pressed by Mr.. Churchill in his
great speech on postwar England,
I have no political future"
Such men can afford to be radi-
cal and brave.
fReleased BY The Bell Syndicate, Inc)
Evening star., 1943-06-14

perienCed and with complete perso-
nal disinterestedness- outstand-
ing citizen with no AK to grind.
If the first is to have the power
to act and the second the power
to guide, it would appear reason
able to hope that at last the long
period of incompetency and muddy
thinking was over.
But. it Is a mistake to be too
optimistic. For all MI. Baruch's
soundness and sense, he is no mir
aCle man. Even If not blocked, he
cannot in few days or weeks
transform this vast, sprawling
overlapping machine which has been
running wildly all over the place,
into compact, co-ordinated organ
ization that will function effectively
without waste of time, energy and
money.
To Late to Avoid Imitation.
Nor can he now avert imitation.
The time has gone by for that. II
l8 months ago his advice had been
taken, billions of dollars could have
been saved and the imitation peril
wholly controlled But, when he
recommended labor ceilings and
farm ceilings to supplement tax
program which not only would take
the profit out of war but siphon
into the Treasury the menacing sur
plus purchasing power, his advice
was rejected-and he was actually
put IN the White House doghouse.
When more than a year later the
President was compelled to adopt
the Baruch principles, the upward
spiral already had begun and the
subsequent lack Of flrmness IN put
ting those principles into operation
has permitted the spiral to widen
upward. Now. even though Mr..
Byrnes and Mr.. Baruch are given
free hand, imitation can be con-
trolled only on the higher level.
We now have to do the best we
can and speed is essential II any
sort Of control is to be exercised.
With free hand and full authority,
Mr.. Byrnes and Mr.. Baruch can do
much, but they cannot do the i'm
possible.
On paper, the authority is COM
plete. But, as proven many times
IN the past, paper authority amounts
to nothing. No matter what the
Executive order says. the man to
Evening star., 1943-06-14
] Escape Blazing Plane
After Crash-Landinu
By the Associated Press.


COLUMBIA. S. c., June IA
Seven men narrowly escaped death
yesterday when their medium Army
bomber crash-landed with wheels
up in a small field 8 miles southeast
OF her, then caught fire and burned.
The four officers and three SER
geants who escaped from the crash
plane before it was consumed suf-
fered cuts, bruises and shock, but all
were expected to recover. The plane
was making training flight from
the Columbia Air Base.
Members of the crew and their in
juries. as reported by the air base
public relations office, were:
First 1t. Edward l.. Miller. o. OF
Eau Claire, Wis. fractured Jaw:
Second 1t. Joseph L. Interma2gio,
n. OF Oceanside, Long Island, dis
located hip; Flight Officer Paul N.
Spencer. 81. Of Salem, Greg. lacera-
tions and abrasions of the head and
body: Flight Officer Royden D.
schooley, %, of Sioux City, Iowa,
head lacerations; Staff Sergt. Myles
e. Froeming of Parkersburg. Iowa.
fractured ankle; Sergt. Paul r,
Berger. 81, of West Newton, Mass.
sprained ankle. and sergt. Thomas
J. Tomas, %, of Rome, N. Y, foot
injury.
Evening star., 1943-06-14

The Armed Guards are the men
who handle the guns on merchant
ships. Members of the Navy, they
don't sail on battlewagons, de-
stroyers or cruisers but on tankers,
freighters and Liberty ships. There
is no glamour in their job. 1t is
rough, mean and hazardous. En-
tirely separate from the merchant
marine, they are under the COM
mand Of one officer, usually an
ensign or a lieutenant, and it is
their job, with anti-aircraft and
heavier guns, to get their ship and
its precious cargo through the subs
and dive and torpedo bombers.
Too much praise cannot be given
to the merchant marine crews for
what they have done in this war,
but why overlook the Armed Guards
who sail with them and protect
them? The messboy on freighter
gets SLIT month, with sl00 bonus
for sea duty. He gets S125 extra
II there Is an air raid on the port
while he is docked there. He works
only eight hours a day and extra
hours mean overtime.
Last to Leave Ship.
The Armed Guard ordinary sea-
man gets S58 month. He stands
to1o w <>r
attack he must work around the
clock. There have been instances
when the Armed Guards never left
their guns for four days and nights
without sleep and with little or 10
food.
The Armed Guards are the last to
leave the ship in case of disaster.
They don't abandon it with the rest
OF the crew, but await orders from
their officer and his instructions
read that he must not give the order
to abandon ship until it Is no longer
possible to engage the enemy, which
means when the guns are Under
water. There are numerous in
stances where the Armed Guards
sacrificed their lives in order to get
In one final crack at the ferries.
The Armed Guards are at sea
most of the time due to the quick
turn-around of the ships and even
when in port they can't cut loose
and have a rip-roaring time. They
must stand port watches and attend
gunnery school drill. They live un-
comfortably too. I visited some of
the ships and found as many as nine
men bunking in one small cabin in
which all their gear was stored.
Feel No Jealousy.
But no branch of the Navy has
a finer spirit. The boys average
around l8 or 10 years of age and
most OF them never saw the sea
before they sailed in a convoy as
lighting men.
They come from the plains Of
Kansas, the hills of Kentucky and
the forests of Oregon. Some were
gasoline station attendants before
the war, some school teachers, truck
drivers and factory workers. They
feel no jealousy toward the higher
paid merchant marine sailors. They
average about $40 a month, against
four times that much for the men
they sail with and protect but there
Is no hard feeling. An armed guard
oficer thought it was very funny
after a round trip of the Atlantic
to find that his mess boy had made
S27O more than he, lieutenant.
drew for the same trip.
More tomorrow about these little
known boys and men who are
slowly but surely licking the Hun
on the Atlantic.
distributed by McNausht Syndicate. Inc)
Evening star., 1943-06-14

its finances on a budgeted basis. In
this way all the family's expenses can
readily be paid out of current income.
1t becomes easier for the family to
save something out of each pay check.
How looms ore made
Borrowers who will use their loans
constructlvely can get $50 to $500 at
Household Finance. Loans are made
on furniture, cars or without security.
We never take wage assignments or
require endorsers. Borrowers repay
in regular monthly instalments. They
may repay in advance at any time to
reduce the cost. Households rate is
20 per month on the unpaid balance.
The Maryland Small Loan Law au-
thorlzes maximum rate of $40 per
month. If you need a loan to put
your finances on a sound basis, ask
for full information about Household
Finance service.
Evening star., 1943-06-14
This Changing World
DeodIine for New Attack on Russia Neors,
With Hitler Apparently Reluctant to Strike

OF this total. however, 1t is
believed that between so and so
per cent of the planes are con-
centrated on the Russian front.
Most of these are said to be
gathered on the Leningrad-Mos-
cow-Orel line. This would mean
that the Nazis have between
$500 and $500 airplanes ready
for immediate action.
Observers familiar with Ger
man plane production say that
factories in the Reich and in
satellite countries now are paying
more attention to manufacture of
pursuit planes. Only a few con-
tinue to bring out heavy bombers
and these apparently are design
ed for use as replacements for the
losses which the Luftwaffe in
evitably will suffer In Russia.
Concentration on the smaller,
faster pursuit planes is believed
to be in keeping with the Nazi
plans for warding off the heavy
blows Of American and British
bombers from the West. While
concerned over the bombing of
their industrial areas. the high
command is almost equally
alarmed over the prospect of the
Allies starting large-scale opera
ton against the Rumanian oil
fields, which produce more than
5o.per cent of the oil needed by
the German fighting forces.
Russians Await Zero Hour.
1t is believed by military OBJ
servers here that the quantity of
bombers and fighter planes which
the Nazis have on the eastern
front is SUFFICIENT to enable them
to start an offensive. The Rus
sian general stan also is said to
believe the zero hour is approach
Ing. As a result, heavy concen-
tration Of Red army defensive
forces has been gathered on the
central front, where the Nazis are
believed likely TO make their
main effort.
Barring some unexpected diplo-
matte change of front, a Nazi Of
fensive against the Soviet now
has be,yore q must" for Hitler.
The blows the Axis suffered in
Africa and those received in the
Mediterranean, together with the
air attacks in Western Europe
and the Reich, have produced a
depressed feeling among the Ger
man population. But the morale
in the Reich cannot be described
as defeatist yet, although more
blows with no counterpart on any
other front might change pessim-
ism into despair.
Hitler must avoid this at any
price If he wants to hang on, and
every available indication is that
his armies are ready to start at
once.
The role Of honest broker"
which the Japanese assumed in
Moscow and Kuibyshev since
January in an effort to bring
about q separate peace between
the Reich and Russia has failed,
according to all reliable reports.
Whether the Germans still have
some hope Of detaching Russia
from the Allies remains to be
seen.
Evening star., 1943-06-14

the part of the
United s t a t e s
N a w t h Q
Armed Guards.
T he Arm e d
Guards haven't
had as much
publicity as the
av ge two
headed calf gets,
but those close
to the sea know
the tremendous
role they have
played keeping
the Allied life
-.
Evening star., 1943-06-14

proac h i n G.
Based on the
experience Of
the last two
years and on
available in
form a t / o n
reg a r d l n &
disposi t / o n
Of the forces
on the Gen.
tral Russian
front, these
obs e r v e r s
have agreed
t h a t major
Evening star., 1943-06-14

a measure de-
signed to pre-
vent stoppages
in war produc-
ton plants, it is
really a wishy-
Washy affair and
is of no perma-
n en- t v a lu e
whatever as a
constructive pol
icy in handling
of la Dor dis
putes.
What the bill,
~-b;ol, 1x,o. oor
Evening star., 1943-06-14
Ex-Officioi Dies in Aroentino

BUENOS AIRES, June IA P.-
Octavio S. Pico, IS, former Minister
of Public Works and former Min
lister Of Interior in the provisional
government of Argentina in. 1880,
died yesterday.
Evening star., 1943-06-14

h a S ere a t e d
widespread feel
ing t h a t t h e
mess into which
things have got
ten in Washing
ton is about to
be straightered
out.
1t seems an
i d e a com b j.
n a t on - M +.
B yrn e S, a b | e,
energetic a n d
skillful; Mr.. Ba-
ruch, wise, eX-
Evening star., 1943-06-14

HE opinions OF the riters this their on
necessarily The Stars Such opinions presented The
Stars effort to gue all sides OF questions OF interest
readers although such opinions be contradictory among
themselves and directly opposed to The Stars
Evening star., 1943-06-14

hope for rad
.ical action.
What this
country has
needed for a
lon G tim e
are radicals
in positions
of RESPONSE
bility. I am
u S in G t h e
word "radi-
cal" in its
exact mean
ing one
lrlan nnnr "a
Evening star., 1943-06-14
On the Record
BY DOROTHY THOMPSON.

Now that Bernard Baruch has
agreed to become assistant to
James F. Byrnes Of the ONCE
of War Mobilization, we can
Evening star., 1943-06-14
BY CONSTANTINE BROWN,

The "deadline" set by observers
In the United States and Britain
for offensive operations on the
Eastern European front is ap-
Evening star., 1943-06-14
BY FRANK r. KENT.

Undoubtedly, the induction Of B.
M. Baruch as official adviser to
James F.. Byrnes, head Of the all
powerful Office of War Mobilization,
Evening star., 1943-06-14
Labor Bill
Temporary
And Weak
No Real, Practical
Penalty Provided in
Anti-Strike Measure
By DAVID LAWRENCE,

While the Connally-S bill
Just passed by both houses of Con-
gress and waiting. action by the
Evening star., 1943-06-14
McLenore
Gun Crews Help Win
Bottle of Atlantic
By HENRY McLEMORE.

BY HENRY McLEMORE.
A SEAPORT SOMEWHERE IN
THE BRITISH ISLES.-The Battle
Of the Atlantic is being won and
one major factor is least known,
Evening star., 1943-06-14
ADVERTISEMENT.
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Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1943-09-03
RUSSIA:
Ndzis Fall Back

Hitler's armies fell back along
the central and southern Russian
fronts as the Reds masses of tanks
and troops ground forward in bitter
action. The Germans put up stiff
resistance, slowing the Russians ad-
vance with local counterattacks,
and making them pay for every yard
gained.
But the sheer weight of the Reds
drive told in the eventual German
retreats. In the central sector, the
Russians bore down on the impor-
tant Nazi base of Bryansk, as they
moved westward from recently fall
en- Orel. Farther to the south, Khar-
kov lay encircled from three sides,
and Soviet troops stood at the gates
of the once great Pittsburgh of Rus
STA, now blackened ruin.
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1943-09-03
BEER:
BECK:
Drought for Duration

Beer is scarce, and will probably
be scarcer soon, War Production
board officials indicate. Demand is
running some so per cent above pro-
duction, and areas away from brew
cries face real drought" Com
munities near a source of supply
will fare somewhat better.
Restrictions on material of all
kinds are limiting brewers to pro-
duction of SO million barrels. Last
year they turned out 60 million, and
that wasn't enough to satisfy every
one. Malt supplies have been re-
duced by per cent, and bottles by
80 per cent. Caps are hard to get.
Transportation is irregular.
The WPB has ordered that 10 per
cent of the beer must be set aside
for servicemen. 1t contains 3.2 per
cent alcohol or less, lower than most
commercial beers.
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1943-09-03
RATION BOOKS:
Brown Stamps

Purchase of meat, fats, oils and
dairy products will be made through
use of brown stamps in ration book
No. beginning September IL. How
ever, the last red stamps, x, Y and
z, will remain valid to October 2.
Because the blue stamps, u, v
and w for the purchase of processed
foods will be good to October 20, ra-
ton book No. 2 will not be immedi-
ately discarded.
One series of stamps in ration
book No. will be used for canned
and processed foods when the blue
stamps of book No. 2 are exhausted.
Book No. l will remain valid for
shoe rationing. In an effort to en-
snarl black market operators, new
gas coupons will be issued. It is
planned to distribute an ''F" series
to check the use of old coupons
which might have been turned in for
eventual utilization at the full ration
rate after the deadline for the Is
per cent cut.