davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-12-31
Italy
Continued From First Page.

Division plunged another mile
northWard from Ortona, putting
their lines at about two miles from
the city, and front-line dispatches
said they had established advanced
positions within about nine miles O,
the vital port of Pescara.
Their drive was concentrated at 9
German-held emplacement on &
hill overlooking the Adriatic Ses
near the mouth of the Tesore Rive,
and controlling much of the grounc
over which the advance is beinl
made.
Farther inland in the Montagns
Della Maiella range of mountain.
which tower TO heights of 5000 feet
and extend to a depth of Is miles
British troops made raids in deer
snow probing German positions.
1t was disclosed that Newfound-
land units of artillery which hac
fought with distinction in NORTH
Africa now are attached to the In.
dian division in the 9Th Army fight.
ing in Italy.
The weather on both fronts wa.
cold and clear, making ground &C.
ton uncomfortable, but providing 6
perfect day for aerial operations anc
the Allied air forces made the mos
of it.
For the third straight day Flying
FortreSses OF the 18th United States
Air Force, with an escort of Light.
nlngs, bombed the railway yards al
Rimlni on the coast in Northeastern
Italy and other Fortresses smashed
warehouses, repair sheds and rail.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-12-31
King Tells u. 5. Fleet
He Hopes for Peace
Before Christmas, rs
By the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
Broad new offensives to rout
the japanese from bases they
snatched two years ago anc
pound them to defeat in theil
homeland may be expected te
start in 1914.
That the offensives will boon
across the Pacific before the mex
year ends is certain, and Admira
Ernest j. King, commander of thu
fleet, said in a Christmas message
to the fleet that he hopes the
armed forces will be home by Chris.
mas Day, 1915.
Military leaders are agreed tina
Germany will be defeated in 1914
Latest to join in that expectation
is Admiral King, whose statement
echoes the prediction of Gen. Dwigh
D. Eisenhower, commander of the
Allied European invasion forces.
Expects Nazi Defeat in "a.
II am hopeful and expectant,
said Admiral King, that Germany
will be defeated during 1914. I am
expectant that unremitting pressure
on Japan will be continued and in
creased"
Then he provided first formal an
nouncenient that the plans for shift
Ing Of United Nations power to the
Pacific already are on the books
and possibly may not even wait for
the collapse of Germany.
Studies have been underway now
for several months" he said, look
ing to a shift of power from the
European theater to the Pacific
theater not only when Germany is
defeated, but as her defeat seems
near at hand"
When that power is shifted" he
continued in an interview yester-
day, the main lines of attack or
Japan are already determined anc
additional means will be used tt
additionally implement the genera
strategy for defeat of Japan"
Fleet Eager to Meet Japs.
And the United States fleet is
ready and eager to shoot it out with
the Japanese warships at any time
Admiral King, referring to recent
attempts by the aircraft carrier Sar-
atoga and her escorting vessels te
lure the japanese out of Truk, de.
clared, We've done several thing.
and are going to do several more
In an endeavor to get them out"
Also, Admiral King said, the fee
can meet the japanese ION any
terms they are likely to put out
He discounted japanese propa
ganda claims that the enemy plans
an offensive in 1914, saying, Il don't
quite see how they are going on the
offensive where they are in contact
in the Pacific
Because Of their steady shipping
losses Admiral King said the only
offensive the japanese could hope tc
launch would be an amphibious
campaign among the islands.
They might dredge up enough
for one such operation" he added
but I don't think they are very
happy about their shipping situa-
ton
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-12-31
Production
Continued From First Page

doubled in two years. The $4,000 900
tons of ships built in 1912 and
1943 exceed President Roosevelt's
blueprint for victory" goal by a
million tons.
BY last fall, the Army had enough
rifle and submachine gun bullets to
fire 1000 rounds at every Axis SOL
der; enough Army artillery ammu-
milton to fire II shells at every Axis
soldier.
Total OUTLAWS for war, including
soldiers food and pay, had climbed
last month to S146,OOO 100000 since
the defense program started in
June. 1910; SO per cent of it was
spent in 1912.
Aircraft will amount to As per cent
of the whole 1914 munitions pro-
gram. Already America is outpro-
duclng the Axis in warplanes two
to one; as more than matching the
output of enemies and Allies put
together.
December production is estimated
at 5000 planes, more than the Army
Air Forces possessed when Pearl
Haroor was attacked. In all 1943
well over $4,000 planes were built;
since the Pearl Harbor raid. $4,000:
since the start of the defense effort,
about $4,000.
It's still ceiling unlimited" for the
aircraft producers. Production may
soar SO per cent in tonnage and
value. With Japan in mind, the en-
phasls will be on heavier, longer
range planes. The number delivered
is expected to stabilize, however. at
around 10000 month about mid
1914.
Fewer Ships Needed.
In merchant ships the call is for
smaller but still formidable in
crease, but here again cutback talk
is heard. Naval ship production is
sloping of.
Among the lesser programs, these
will hold top urgency: Landing craft
radar and military trucks.
In many types Of equipment the
ground forces are about to go on a
replacement basis. Only in artillery
ammunition and signal equipment
are increases planned.
If the cutbacks come in the pre-
dicted severity, WPB foresees that
even while total production is push
ing up, some elements will be going
down, some plants will stand idle
some communities suffer pay roll de-
clines.
But the cutbacks will be cautious
Production planners emphasize that
no weapon or equipment item will
be cut unless reserve supplies are
ample for any possible emergency
and unless plant capacity stands
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-12-31

way CIdCkS near faQua ana RaVenna
The heaviest air fighting of the
day occurred outside Ravenna, an
ancient little town north of Rimini
and miles inland from the Adriati
Here the Fortresses and their
escort were set upon by 20 to Is
German fighters and the clash lasted
As minutes. Five enemy planes were
shot down without the loss of a
bomber
On the way back group of P-38s
became separated from the bombers
and were jumped by a dozen Nazi
fighters. This cost the Germans
three more planes.
Altogether in the days aerial
action, which included 500 sorties
by the tactical airforce in support
of the ground forces, in addition to
widespread operations by both heavy
and medium bombers, II German
planes were knocked out, while six
Allied planes were missing. The
pilot of at least one of the Allied
planes was safe, 1t was announced.
American Marauders, more con-
sistently active during the past two
weeks than any other bombing units
in this theater, slashed at railway
yards and bridges at Borgo and San
Lorenzo. 10 miles northeast of Flor
ence; Viareggio, 10 miles north of
Leghorn. and Rocasecca, about IS
miles behind the German lines on
the 5th Army front.
American Mitchells caused great
havoc in the harbor at cara. in
Yugoslavia, when their bombs hit
IS to 100 mines piled on a dock and
caused a devastating explosion.
Mitchells also attacked Falconara,
a little town just north of the Italian
port Of Ancona on the Adriatic
dropping IS tons OF bombs on the
railway yards and warehouses.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-12-31
ready for quick resumption
May Be Taken I'm,

leduy lOT QUICK resumption II
needed.
Slack May Be Taken Up.
Also the beginnings of restored
civilian production will take up
some slack.
Moreover. cutback talk is eau
|tiouSly uttered, for no one can
predict the cost of an invasion of
Europe either in lives or munitions
until the invasion is underway.
WPB Chairman Donald M. Nelson
recently disclosed that one Army
division used up all it's guns in the
single month of fighting in Sicily
To replace the go bombers lost in the
one great raid at Schweinfurt 1000
aircraft workers will put in 48
hours week for year.
Civilians Face Lean Year.
For civilians 1914 may be the
leanest year of the war, though
pressure for increased civilian pro-
duction is mounting daily and some
restoration is planned. The plans
are not only limited in scope. but
will be slow in fruition. It's as
hard to retool for peace as for war
The WPB's Office of Civilian Re-
quirement plans to make 1000, 900
electric irons next year and hopes to
produce 100000 washing machines
In clubbing the new production
era the 'next-to-last" stage Of the
production effort, on1cials warn that
| this lap may be the longest one.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-12-31

10 April z, 1914, when his reSigna-
ton becomes effective.
AS chief of the vitality important
division OF the department, Mr.
Burke had charge of the diplomatic
phases of this Governments rela-
tons with other powers, particularly
in the Latin American field. regard
| ing various communications includ-
ing radio, cable and airlines. He
recommended single big American
airline company to handle overseas
traffic after the war, for a time at
least.
Pending the appointment of a
successor tC Mr. Burke the acting
chief of the division will be Jesse E.
Saugstad, who has been assistant
chief since August 20, 1888 Mr..
SaugStad is native of Wisconsin, a
veteran of the World War, when he
was a Navy ensign, and has had
wide experience in shipping, both in
private business and with the Gov
eminent. He was with the Merchant
Fleet Corp, United States Shipping
Board and Commerce Department
before going to the State Depart
ment
Divisions First Chief.
Mr.. Burke was the first chief of
his division, set up to correlate work
previously done by several other
department Offices on aviation, ship
ping and Recommendations.
One of the outstanding accom-
plishments of the division under
Mr.. Burke's direction was said to be
the REORGANIZATION of Latin
American airlines in the Western
Hemisphere, which removed a po-
tential threat to the solidarity of
the two continents.
Also centralized in the division
was the wartime headache" inter-
national aviation priorities. He
worked with War Department off,
Gals in helping establish inter-
national airlines.
Detected Nazi Radio Stations.
Cooperating with others and d.
recting experts in radio, Mr.. Burke S
| division also was successful in hunt
ing down German-operated radio
stations. This proved delicate
task, due to the fact that some of
the Latin American powers were not
at war with the Axis.
Under Mr.. Burke's direction, the
new radio-telegraph service between
the United States and Australia and
New Zealand was set up and proved
a short cut to bringing communi-
cations by way Of London.
Mr.. Burke. native of New York
City, Is 48. He is a graduate of La
Sale Institute, New York Univer-
sity Law School and the Pulitze,
School Of Journalism of Columbia
University He studied also in Ire
land and Germany. He served as q
captain in the World War and was
abroad in private business before
returning to serve with the Com
merce and State Departments.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-12-31
Nozis Reported Driving
On DoImotion Islands

os tUe hSSOCldIeQ 1reSS.
LONDON, Dec. 3l.-The Germans
are trying with all their strength
to break guerrilla resistance in East
ern Bosnia, and have drawn up fresh
forces and special landing troops
in an ATTEMPT to seize islands along
the Dalmatian coast still in Par
tisan hands, a communique broad
cast from headquarters of Marshal
Joslp Broz Drug Tito said today
No details were given of the Ger
man attack on the islands, but pre-
sumably they were making giant
efforts to seal off the Adriatic sup
ply route from Italy to the Par
tisans' Balkan front"
Nine heavily guarded German
troop and supply trains, most of
them operating on the main Zagreb-
Belgrade railway line serving North
ern Croatia and Serbia, have been
attacked and eight of them de-
stroyed, the communicate said.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-12-31
Army Announces New Staff
In CourtIond Base Shoke-up

from Yesterdays Late Editions.)
By the Associated Press.
MONTGOMERY, Ala, Dec. 30
Headquarters of the Eastern FLYING
Training Command today disclosed
the names Of directing officer per-
sonnet at the CORTLAND (Ala) Air
Base that replaced other officers
after eight planes had crashed in
night operations December 2.
The training command said Col.
Walter P. Cross, formerly at Gun
ter Field, had replaced 1t Col. w.
c. Prudential as commanding off,
GER, with Maj. Charles E. Parsons
becoming director of flying, replace
ing Maj. Frederick G. McNally, and
lit. Col. William T. Smith as train
ing director, replacing 1t. Col.
Samuel S. Riddle.
Representative Sparkman, Demo-
crat. of Alabama, announced in
Washington last night that the
Army Air Forces had informed him
of the change in personnel at the
Alabama field but gave no names,
after he had requested an investi-
cation of the crashes.
The Alabama representative. a
member of the House Military
Affairs, said eight out of 148 planes
on a night mission December Q,
| crashed, killing their personnel.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-12-31
Chevy Chase Man Given
500, 900 Share in LEGACY

BY the Associated Press.
NEW YORK, Dec. 3l.-Mrs. ELI
Witherell, who died December 10
left her entire residuary estate to
two organiza tons. her will, filed for
probate in Surrogate's Court dis
closed yesterday.
The YMCA of Greenwich, Conn,
and the New York Society for the
Ruptured and Crippled, share the
estate.
Bequests of 100000 each went
to Lester Wilson, 20 Magnolia park
way, Chevy Chase, Md; Godfrey
Wilson, Chapel Hill. N. c., described
as brothers of her husband. and
Thomas N. Cook, Greenwich, Conn.,,
her husbands business associate.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-12-31
Marshal Badog|io's Son
Reported Seized by Nazis
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press
LONDON, Dec. 31-The German
Transocean Agency said last night
that Mario Badoglio, son of Premier
Marshal Pietro Badoglio, had been
arrested by police in German occu-
pied Rome, where he has been hiding
since his father left that city in
September.
The broadcast dispatch, recorded
by the Associated Press. said Gen
Raffaele Carona, identified as the
former commander of an italian
Army corps, also had been arrested
Declaring that Carona had been
ordered to hold Rome against Ger
man troops on September 8, the
broadcast said his mission was frus-
trated by the loyalty a military divi-
sion in his corps showed for Benito
Mussolini.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-12-31
Air Forces Expecting
Holiday Production


DETROIT. Dec. 31.-Declaring
that excessive Christmas cele-
brating had cut war plant produc-
ton. Col. A. H. johnson, Army Air
Forces supervisor for the central
procurement district, said yesterday
that the Air Forces expect produc-
ton schedules to be maintained over
the New Year holiday.
Col. Johnsons statement said that
excessive amount of holiday celebra-
ton reflects lack of appreciation on
the part of those concerned with the
seriousness of our worldwide conflict,
and also reflects disregard of the
personal responsibility of each in
dividual on the production front to
supply our armed forces with the
necessary equipment"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-12-31
German Explorer Dies

MADRID, Dec. 81 (P).-Advices
received here yesterday from Ham.
burg said Capt. Johannes Muller, ar
inspector general of the North Ger.
man Lloyd Lines and one of the
leaders of the German Antarctic ex-
petition of l911-l2, died in Ham.
burg on Christmas eve. He was the
author of many books on navigation
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-12-31

va VIC buSlliCSS
In accepting
his resignation
=" W i t h regret"
S e C r e t airy of
State Hull said
h e appreciated
very much the
splendid services
which you have
rendered during
the past five and
a half years. p"
Mr.. Burke plans
to leave the de-
partnent today,
but has accum-
ulated leave up
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-12-31

Fifth Army troops have
raided the west coast of Italy
north Of the Garigliano, Al
lied headquarters announced
today. The raid apparently
was aimed at functions con-
trolling the coastal road to
Rome over the Pontine
Marches, a highway known
as the Appian Way. The key
city in this battle area is
Minturno.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-12-31
Thomas Burke Quits
State Department Posi-
To Re-enter Business

Thomas Burke has resigned his
position as chief of the Division of
International Communications of the
State Department., to re-enter pri-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-12-31
rigid Safety Rules
For Student Flyers
Adopted by Army
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
Representative Sparkman, Demo-
crat, of Alabama, said yesterday
the Army Air Forces has laid down
rigid new safety rules to prevent
such accidents as the one-night
series Of crashes which, he reported,
killed eight cadet pilots from Court
land Field, Alabama.
Chairman Sparkman of an avi-
alton subcommittee of the House
Military Affairs Committee, said the
Air Forces had informed him it had:
1. Directed that students in basic
flying schools shall not participate
in night navigation missions until
after completing 10 hours of instru-
ment flying.
2. ordered that all aircraft used
in night navigation missions shall
be equipped with full panel instru-
ments.
g. Provided that a standard out
line for brieflng of night navigation
missions be issued for use of all
training stations.
The eight student pilots became
lost and plunged to their death, Mr..
Sparkman related, in December 2
night triangular flight of 148 train
ing planes from CORTLAND to Co.
rinth, Miss, to Graham, Tenn, and
back to CORTLAND, a distance of
some $50 miles. Mr.. Sparkman has
just returned from a 1O,0O0-mile
aviation inspection tour with his
subcommittee, and he reported they
found the accident rate for student
flyers is declining steadily.
While the CORTLAND crashes were
tragic, he said, they have served
to teach a lesson"
The AAF reported, he said, that
all but one of the eight planes in
volVed were equipped with only
basic instruments and the students
killed had only few hours of in
strument flying training.
Evening star., 1943-06-28

won the trick he could run only
one spade. Then, whatever he led
from dummy Except dummy's last
trump, he would lose the lead and
the defense would lead second
round Of trumps. Against this line
Of play South could not avoid losing
two spades in addition to the two
minor suit aces.
4
Saturday you were Howard Schen-
ken's partner and. with neither side
vulnerable, you held:
y 4 K J7x
y J
0 KJ62
AQ52
Evening star., 1943-06-28
BY HELEN LOMBARD.

Accompanied by so secretaries,
attaches and clerks, Ambassador
Constantine Oumansky arrived in
Mexico City to take over his duties
Ss the first USSR Ambassador to
the Mexican Republic.
The unusually large staff which
entered Mexico with Premier
.Ssalin's new envoy gives added color
10 the story which already is current
here that MIR. Oumansky was chosen
as Ambassador to our neighboring
republic because of his well-known
organizational ability and his sue
Cess In working with groups Of
Communjst- -sympathizers abroad.
~ Recalls New York Incident.
Mr.. Oumansky, who served In
Washington as Charge d'Affaires
and as Soviet Ambassador, did a
splendid job in helping direct
opinion among the Communist
synpathizers in the United States.
Probably one Of the most extraor-
dinary scenes which ever occurred
in connection with a foreign dip
lomatic representative took place
in New York when Mr.. Oumansky
opened the Soviet pavilion at the
Worlds Fair. A number of Amer
lcan officials were present, includ-
ing Laurence Ste:nhardt, then Am
bassador to the USSR on leave in
the United States. There also were
a large number of other witnesses
who apparently had come from the
poorer sections of New York. Many
of them spoke in broken English or
in foreign tongue and some of the
women and children rushed to kiss
the hand or even to touch the
clothes of the USSR envoy. Mr..
Oumansky himself seemed a trifie
embarrassed by this demonstration.
Knows Communist Groups.
More important, perhaps, is the
work Mr.. Oumansky did among the
intellectual Communist sympathiz-
ers In the United States The IA
nous Moscow trials we're being car
ried on while Mr.. Oumansky was
counsellor of the Russian Embassy.
He became the guiding spirit of
the effort the party made to de-
eCTlDe tne JrlalS as examples OF
pure and abstract justice. Later he
was active in helping the Ameri-
can Communist party to ration
alize the Soviet German nonaggres-
sion pact and the partition of Po-
land.
There is probably no other off,
cial in the USSR foreign service
who has the Ambassador Working
knowledge of the Communist organ
izations in the North American con-
tinent. The Third Internationale
has been abolished by the Soviet
government. But the existing Com
munist parties are not affected by
this move.
The arrival of the gifted Mr..
Oumansky in Mexico with an un-
Evening star., 1943-06-28

partner) ever to show the highest
ranking spade suit.
Score 100 per cent for two spades
70 per cent for three clubs, so per
cent for pass.
Question No. 1,422.
Today you hold the same hand
and the bidding continues:
You Lghtner Schenken Jacoby
10 Pass "a ~
"a Pass 2NT Pass ,
{?
What do you bid? (Answer to-
morrow
(Relessed By the Bell Syndicate. Inc
Evening star., 1943-06-28

clarer needed. He won the heart,
ruffed = spade in dummy. and after
that lost only to the aces of clubs
and diamonds.
II East had considered the rest
Of the North hand instead Of seeing
only that ominous singleton spade,
he could have figured that even If
he withheld the spade ace he would
still have to win at least one spade
trick. Dummy's clubs certainly
could not be established for spade
discards, and though South were
able to run two spades, he could not
jettison whatever other spades he
had. Actually, assuming that East
ducked the spade, when declarer
Evening star., 1943-06-28

The bidding:
You Lightner Schenken Jacoby
10 Pass % ~
(D
Answer-Two spades. Ordinarily,
your hand would not be good enough
for this free reverse" bid, but
strategical considerations, plus the
fact that you have such good fit
in your partners suit to fall back
on II you run into trouble, makes
this the best action-far more con-
structive than raise of clubs. which
might make it difficult for you tor
Evening star., 1943-06-28
Oumonsky,s Role in Mexico City
Linked With New Soviet Policy
Writer Recalls Enjoys Close Relations 3
With Communist Symputhizers Here

usually large staff is giving i'm
petus to the rumor that . new ORR
entation Of the Soviet foreign pol
Icy may be in the making and that
Mr.. Oumansky and his aides will
help organize opinion in the North
American continent.
(Released BY the Bell Syndicate.)
Evening star., 1943-06-28

West led the heart ten and the
queen won the trick so that spade
could be led from dummy. With
dummy's singleton in plain sight,
East was stampeded into hopping
up with the ace and leading a Sec
ond heart. The two trump leads
had cut down dummys running
power, but after the ace Of spades
was taken one run was all de-