davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1943-05-25
WINGS

New students at the Norman
Airport are Vida Hartman ard
Clyde Renwick, Ypsilanti, and Mac
Black, Saline.
Harry Shafier, manager OF sagi-
nav Airport. landed his new Mono
coupe at McEnnan Airport Sunday
when be discovered that his radio
transmitter was on fire. He was on
his way 10 Pennsylvania.
Fl. B. Langan flew his new Frank
lin powered Monocoupe in from Chi
cago Friday. The ship is yellow
with blue trim with a large eagle
head painted on both sides OF the
cowling.
Mr.. Miller flew in from Grand
Rapids in his Stinson Voyager on
business Saturday.
II. Williams, a contractor from
Chicago, flew in Saturday in a Por-
terIield on business at the Bomber
Plant.
Robert Oltersdorf received his
wings at the Roswell Army Flying
School at Roswell, New Mexico, on
May 20.
Ronald Jennings, who is complet-
ing his WITS Cross Country course
at Tri state Airport, Angola, Ind,
was visitor Friday.
Mrs. Arthur Williams was yisi-
tor at the airport Sunday. She had
Just returned from visiting her hus-
band at the Greenville School al
Ocalla. Florida. She reports that
he is doing fine and has successful
ly passed his 40 hour check. He *.
poets to be transferred to another
advanced base soon.
Eddy McEnnan has purchased
the Cub trainer from Wendell Wer-
tenberger who is nowean apprentice
instructor for the Army at Camden,
Ark.
Miss Muriel Rumsey was here
over the week end. She has finished
with her first group Of seven stu
dents on WITS at Lansing. All OF
her students passed their check
rides and she reports that she likes
instructing on the program very
much.
The CAP. boys were practicing
message pickup and delivery, spot
landing and formation flying SUE
day. 1t. Gridley and Corporal Wells
picked up and delivered three out
/ OF the five messages that Sergeant
Throne and Corporal Nugent sent
from the ground crew. 1t. McEnnan
and 1t. Swiek picked up and deliy-
cred five out OF the six messages
that Sergeant Layher, 1t. Woods
and /. 1t. Gridley sent from the
ground crew. Five messages were
picked up and delivered by the last
group in ten minutes. Pretty fast
communication from ground to ali.
This method Of pickup Is used for
picking up mail by plane without
landing.
Spot landings can be improved,
also formation flying was a little
on the rusty side. Parachute drop.
ping was postponed on account OF
/ rain.
Group s35 will have their month
ly meeting at the Ypsilanti Arm
Dry on Thursday, May %. There
will be no dinner due 10 the food
! situation.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1943-05-25
TO PAY OWN BILLS

Lansing. May 25-Auditor Gen.
eral V. j. Brown served notice on
Senate Secretary Fred !. Chase that
he will not honor bills for personal
expenses incurred by senators dur
in the impeachment trial last
week. They will have to stand
their hotel bills and meals out OF
their own pockets.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1943-05-25
cHlLNReN COLLECT RAT TAILS

KONA, 7. H.-UP-Rat talIs
have a current commercial value OF
cents each. They are paid out
OF a $1,000 g.slative appropriation
for rat eradication in kona. Next to
going to school. or better than 60
ing to school, school children love
rat hunting. One school in a single
week enhanced its financial stand
ing in the community by turning
in and collecting on 1854 rat tails.
Each school alternates every two
weeks with the use OF the traps.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1943-05-25
JUDGE GIVES DOG THE EYE

LOS ANGELES, Gallup Mu'
nicipal Judge Robert d. Cliftol
judges dogs by the way they look
him IN the eye. Herman Ufer had
brought suit for $3.50 because OF
a bite from a German shepherd doc
belonging to Mrs. Dottie l.. Donnel-
" and her daughter. Ufer was I'M
able positively TO identify the dog,
although one witness did, so Judge
Clifford called the dog over, looked
It squarely in the eye. which DID
not seem to disturb the dog any,
and dismissed the case.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1943-05-25
Hannah Lennon Held by
Jeps in Philippines

Ann Arbor, May 25--Among the
names OF American civilian in
ternees held by the Japanese in
the Philippine Islands made public
by the War Department is that
OF Hannah Lennon. daughter Of
Mrs. Ernest W. Lennon, 716 Grang-
er Ave, OF this city.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1943-05-25

CAIRO-AP-The Egyptian Cham
Der OF Deputies unanimously ex-
pressed confidence in Premier Mus
tapha Nahas Pasha by a vote OF
l76 to 0 here winding up a
five-day debate on black book al
legations against the Premier.
Black Book" was the name given
to a detailed series Of charges laid
against the premier by his former
finance minister. Makram Ebeid
Pashs, who alleged the premier
used his official position to obtain
benefits for himself, his family and
friends
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1943-05-25

Lansing. May 25- Monday the
State Health Department disclosed
that the United States Public
Health Service had assigned four
Michigan sanitarians to temporary
duty in Indiana and Illinois food
areas.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1943-05-25
TIEuP AT TERMINAL

Detroit, May 25-INS- Receivers
OF the Detroit Union Produce Term
inal and representatives.. OF whole
sale truckers today were trying to
break a tieup at a terminal which
threatened the vegetable and fruit
supply OF the entire Detroit area.
The truckers. who supply stores,
charged they were forced to buy
fruits and vegetables which they
could not sell in order to get hot"
produce, meaning potatoes and cab
bage, and other salable but scarce
produce.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1943-05-25

SHOULD he BE ASSIGNED to q naval
aviation unit Lieut.. Luther C. Car
ter, a protestant chaplain. is WELL
prepared. He holds private pilots
license and has more than 300 fly
ing hours to his credit. He is now
studying for his new duties at Will
liam and Mary College in Will
hamsburg, Va. (InternationdD
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1943-05-25

Rapid City, May 25-Sergt. Jack
L. Thicker, Klinger Lake, st. Jo-
seph County. Mich. was one OF IL
men killed in the crash OF four
motored bomber near Newell the
Army Air Base here announced
Monday.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1943-05-25
TAKES MINIATURE x-RAYs

JOHANNESBURG, South Africa
-UP-A miniature X-ray appara-
tus capable OF taking 800 X-rays an
hour is now being used on the Gold
Reef TO examine natives chests for
tuberculosis. according to Capt. X.
G. F. Collender, photographer OF
the Witwatersrand Native Labor
Association hospital. 1t is claimed
that the plant is the only one in
the world able TO take miniature
negatives with the same technique
as full-sized X-ray apparatus. An
exposure costs about three cents.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1943-05-15

they won the national champion
ship tournament at Denver to add
further glory to their many tri-
umphs.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1943-05-15

submits the following team:
Ben Taylor 10; Elwood tBingo)
DeMoss, 2b; John Henry Lloyd, SIS;
Oscar Charleston, CT: Pete II y, II;
Chrlstobel Torricntti. RI; Marcellus,
3b; Bruce Buddy Petway and Josh
Gibson. catchers, and Wilbur (Bul-
leO Rogsn. William Dizzy Dis
mukes, Smokey Joe williams and
Leroy tSatcheD Paige as the
pitchers.
IN name jim Taylor as man
sger OF the team said Bald l,
land well challange any team SUBJ
mitted by any other fan.
Lett, who recalls the old Paige
Fence Giants, a team OF robust
WALLPAPERS who used to campo en-
in Michigan back at the turn OF
the century, makes the following
selection for his -ll-stsr nine:
Frank Warheld, %; Leroy Grant
ID; John Henry Lloyd, SIS; Pee
Hill, II; Oscar Charleston, CT; Chris
tobel Torrientti. RI; Bill Francis, 30;
Petway, Chappie Johnson and Josh
Gibson as catchers. and Paige. An
drew (Rube) Foster, Joe Williams,
Rogan and Andrew Cooper as the
pitchers.
That team has plenty OF hitting
power in Lloyd Hill, Charleston,
Torrientti and Francis" declared
Lett who had ridden in on a storm
Of protests against the selections OF
Emmett Cunningham, Edgar Wes-
ley and Leonard Reed I'm addition.
there's excellent pitching and fine
fielding Try and beat it"
Gilbert (Brownie) Westfield, a
member OF the Nacirema bowling
team. didn't accep: Let's cN~"-~ re
to select a baseball team comp ar =
bic with the one Lett had picked,
but he did turn his attention to his
favorite pastme and came up with
wha, he believes is the best bowling
FIVE in the country. Westfield made
the following selection:
George Bennett, Ernest CRoots)
Fairfax, Isaac Thurman. Bill Rhod-
manax and Sam Merchant. The
sixth man is Tiny Baldwin.
Bennett. Fairfax, Rhodman and
Merchant are members OF rrisrs
Ale team Thurman, who lives in
Ind annapolis. won the national sim
giles Championship here in l94l.
Merchant is a newcomer from New
York who has been flashing the pins
with a fury since his arrival here a
month ago.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1943-05-15
RUSS J. COWANS'
SPORT CHATTER

Age seems 10 stop competition
for some athletes. especially when
! they arrive at The age Of 36 But
this is not so with Andy kid
! Brown who was a promising young
/ featherwcight back in the early
4 1905. Brown, who is a former
manager of " S. Chocolate and pro-
NOTED the only show for the Sunny
Wilson Incorporated last year, was
indicted into service last winter
and is nov stationed at Camp Nc
/ Coy, Wis To prove that he still is
/ a capable warrior IN the ring,
! Brown sent clipping along with
a letter The letter reads as fol-
/ lows:
The army makes me feel like
I'm a 2O-year-o ldor again instead
OF SO Just 10 prove il got myself
IN a boxing tournament in the camp
and fought my way 10 chance 10
meet Wildcat Pete, rough, hard
punching heavyweight. ! fought
him in the finals last week and
kayoed the Wildcat in one round.
we both came out in the frst
round FOR the kill. ] duckcd wild
right and came up with left hook
% the check that was high, but 1t
knocked h.m through the ropes
He got back at the count OF eight,
but ! caught him with another and
he icll fat on his face and was out
for 80 minutes more. They want
me 10 fight Hank Pos,away soon"
Remember DIV ght Nuttail, the
young fellow who tried 20 stimulate
I interest in professional football by
giving his ting and money in the
promotion Of NE Detroit Partners?
Wei Nuttall is somewhere in the
South Pacific. He sends the follow
ing letter:
Just read your jar. Q edition
and nigh, add that IL was current
news as far as | am concerned
However, this leaves me in h-e
health ard enjoying my work very
well Some day in the not 100 far
distant future ' hope 10 return and
+ take up where eft of. How are
sports in the Motor City?
Those fine memories are often
reviewed with pleasure even on
his SIDE OF the world Please pass
the word on through your column
f that am carrying on for the Navy
and Detroit Send me a copy OF
the bDAing classic results and a
recen. paper Yours as ever from
somewhere iu the ......."
Tiny Baldwin. d newcomer 20 De-
,ro.t. anG DWgh, Lett. native Of
Mich gan, have a deep knowledge
Of baseball. Both aged the game
4 their younger days, and since
tho tEac arrived wien ihc.r aging
legs refused 70 perform the fea' .
OF earlier years. have kept in close
association with the pas,ime
Baldwin. native Of indianapolis
\ received ms baptism under the
Taylor brothers wen they were
playing with The Indianapolis
ABC,s and Tiny was a mascot for
the team He later played witt the
Dayton Marcos, Cleveland Stars and
Detroit Stars SO there's some
weight 70 The all,s;sr baseball team
I he selects.
BALDWIN, who played second base,
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1943-05-15
Old Billiard
Parlor Opens
For Players

When the billiard parlor at 1912
St. Antoine street closed last De-
cember, IL marked the first time
In 80 years that enthusiasts Of
pocket billiards and billiards had
been denied the opportunity OF
hearing the clicking OF the ivory
balls on the IS tables.
The billiard parlor was opened
by Oliver Banks, March TO- 1910
with one table A few months later
The late Theodore Jones became a
partner in the operation OF the bust
ness II was in 1915 that Banks
bought the large billiard table for
$685.. This purchase was made dur
ing the absence OF Jones who was
visiting relatives in Texas.
When the billiard psrlor was first
opened q family occupied the upper
floors OF what had formerly been
. rooming house. Later the partners
remodeled the front and rear 10 in
crease the floor space.
The partnership in the operation
OF the billiard parlor was d.. solved
In 1924. Jones buying out Banks
interest Jones operated the bust
ness until his death several years
ago.
During the years the billiard
carlor. one OF the Oldest in the
country Tor colored, every player OF
ability has played on the tables
These included James tBam)
Simms, who at one time was in
structor there; Clarence Haney. a
European beau brummel from 1904
90 1910: Paul Pensacola KID Wy
ait, James svsns. considered by
many as the peer OF all colored
pocket billiard players; jesse
Foots) Nelson, Rich Carr. George
Haskin. Frank BLACK FranO Hol-
man. and many others.
The establishment, which was the
first colored business II the block,
reopened recently under the owner
ship o, Jones sister, so owner Of
the Bltnore hotel.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1943-05-15
|Clou,ns Open
Season With
.Sepia Barons

CINCINNATI-All avenues lead
to Crosley Field Sunday afternoon
MAY l6) and gala day of baseball
and fun as only the highly-belovcd
Cincinnati Ethiopian Clowns can
provide IT,
The big attraction. OF course. is
the Clowns debut in Negro Amer
lean League competition with none
other than the powerful Birming-
ham Black Barons, runners-up to
Satchel Pages Kansas City Mon
archs the past two seasons. pro-
viding the opposition.
This is the start OF the Clowns
third season at Croslcy Field They
were an immediate sensation upon
their Cincinnati debut in l94l. when
they restored colored baseball in
terest in that city after lapse of a
period OF years. That same season
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1943-05-15

Hollywood because OF the color OF
his skin.
In his college days. Washington
was one OF the heaviest hitters and
best athletes ever 10 perform in
the cast conference.
Newsmen Lead Fight
With the manpower situa'' n
what it is in baseball this year, Clio
unions, particularly the JAW. be-
leve this is the time TO break down
once and for IL the un-American
racial prejudices which make base
ball not Americas pastime but
"past-time."
Herman Hill, Pacific coast editor
OF the Pittsburgh Courier, and
HALEY Harding, sports editor Of
Los Angeles Tribune, ARE the local
forces behind the fight for break
ing down the ban in the national
sport.
Hill Is credited with having
initiated the battle by approaching
many Of the owners and managers.
and joined later by Harding who
aiding in bringing the matter to the
attention OF the board OF super
visors and City Council. bot bodies
voting TO support the newspaper
men in their democratic venture.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1943-05-15

D: John Turner. lb; Joe Davidson.
IS. and many others who have
played Triple A ball.
Local OF Chrysler started prac-
tice last week and had So players
out. including II men from last
years club.
Detroit has had three big time
softball clubs in the past 10 years.
They're in this order: w j. Swan
son, Supreme Linen, winners of the
colored championship, and the Joe
Louis Brown Bombers, now the
Twelve Horsemen-E lks will try to
add their name 10 the list.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1943-05-15
5IO Union Joins Fight To Smash Racial Bar In Majors
Chronicle Softball League Opens Jun. 6

ing. the Twelve Horsemen- Elks
softball team will get down TO seri-
Gus business next week. The team
will move TO Balch Field TO COM
plete the training grind.
On paper the Twelve Horsemen-
Elks looks like the club to beat
for the championship. Why do
say this? Well. they will have the
pick OF the city. Such players as
Roy Mapp. SIS: George Peaks. C;
Abe Wave, 3b; Ed Lowe, SIS; Ed Hill
Of; Frank Webb, Of; Roy Simpson,
of; David Jones. p. S. T. Robinson,
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1943-05-15

OF managers OF the teams in the
league for Monday. May T., at
Brewster Recreation Center. The
meeting is slated for $50 pm.
Player contracts will be issued at
the meeting.
The following teams are re-
quested to be represented at the
meeting: Brown Bombers, Black
Hawks. Twelve Horsemen, Local
7, A. C. Wright, Eagles, Brewster,
Livingstone Playground, Ford Lo-
cal 900 and 400 and all other clubs.
After three weeks of light train
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1943-05-15
Montgomery
Whips Vasquez

HOLYOKE. Mss. - Bob Mont
gomery. hsrd-hittag Philsdelph. q
lightweight, won "A eight.round de-
eision from Henry Vssquez. Span
ish lightweight, here MONDAY night,
May 3.
Montgomery intended the bout
70 be an easy tune-up for his COM
ing championship battle with Be-u
Jack, world Lightweight king, ?,
Madison Square Garden but ne had
20 work hard in the last two rounds
20 overcome q slight margin piled
up by the Spsnisrd.
Montgomery weighed 1884,. Vas.
quez 1877.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1943-05-15
Challengers Beat
Opponents, 5 To 0

The Challengers. Russ Black and
Bill Taylor. scored a shut-out, SO.
over w B. Curtis and Robert Hol-
lowsy. in thrilling whist match
Wednesday night as preparedness
match for the Sport Classic of the
Ole Timers club OF Motor City Elks.
Members OF the ole, Timers club
met Wednesday night for a re-
hearsal and greetings to all new
members. For further information
about The meeting see Secretary
Thompson.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1943-05-15

The gymnsstic team Of st. An
tome Y.MC.A. won the city and
state championship last week for
the fifth consecutive year. scoring
total Of 41ll1 points to capture the
honors.
Adams Y.M.C.A. was second with
2l7 IA points. The Adams Inter-
mediates nosed out St. Antoine In
termediates by three points in their
division. Walter Boutwell,. Adams,
won first place for all-around hon.
ors in the intermediate division,
Fred Butler of st. Antoine. coming
a close second.
Tom Tillman. Of Muskegon Y.
won first place in the senior boys
division. Harold Blackwell was
second.
Leon May. gyinnsstic instructor
at st. Antoine YM.C.A., has done a
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1943-05-15
Burnt Cork To Race Here

CHICAGO. Illinois - (SpeciaD -
Raymond White. the little exer.
else boy. owner and trainer, shipped
his public stable from Louisville
Friday Raymond started two horses
at Sportsman park Saturday, May
/. White traines and exercises his
own horses
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1943-05-15
Clowns Trim
Black Crackers

ATLANTA. The Cincinnati
Clowns OF the Negro American
lesgue took all three games from
IT, Atlanta Black Crackers here
last week. In the opener OF dhe
three-game series, the Clowns won
3 TO 6 The second game score was
9 to s and the Clowns triumphed
in the third encounter 10 TO 3.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1943-05-15
St. Antoine Wins
State Gym Crown

fine job In moulding his team
which is composed Of John Ashby,
Gerald Brook. George Blake, Ray
mond Jones, Lorenzo Tansil. Alfred
Wright, and Zelma Stotts, in addi-
ton 10 Blackwell
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1943-05-15
BY ROY SIMPSON

The opening gun in the Michigan
Chronicle Softball league will be
fired Sunday. June 6. at Balch
Field. Hastings and Ferry. There
will be three games. Two teams
from each division will meet in the
opening games. while the otner
clubs will play the remaining games
in the schedule during the week.
Each division will play two
rounds before the annual tourna-
ment will start.
There will be a special meeting
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1943-05-15

ELBERTON.. Cs.-John II Gable.
e3-year-old granite worker was
instantly killed Wednesday when
struck by train near the city
Limits
The Valley settler. (Palmer, Alaska) 1937-195?, 1943-11-05

HoSPITLL N7a1S MOTIFS
Georgia Small, daughter Of the Geo.
Smo lis, hed surgery last Frie'y end
will S con be rCcdT to lccvc the
hospital.
Poul Goodlctew Of Cit elk: loon Ws
hosritr lized short time for on
INF ction Of one h nc.
Little Whist on LUCY wos hospite li7ec
lsst week because Of severe cold
"Tonev' is the son Of the Reginald
Ludvs Of -klutnc.
Gers ld Ncke chnte :nd Marian Mecl!ovot
I'D mi nor surgery this week.
ileen +; dds who hcd ms ior surgery
the first Of the We k is making 6
eOod rccov lry.
] ok Belts Of the Jonosvillo Mine
wf s st tn hospitcl for { brief
stcT the first Of the Woak.
Henry Ms lbcre Of louisville Mine
is { hospitcl pGtiont st present..
Chi rlio o"t on who hed surgery on
Tucsdc, IS me- king E eood recovery.
The Valley settler. (Palmer, Alaska) 1937-195?, 1943-11-05
PLLMrR SCHOOL MOTIFS

Ii VIZ nee Lrndt signed his posi- ton
on the Pc liner School Board md Ir.
Terl F. Graves wcs cppointGd to fill
the position until the spring election
Mr.. rndt r signed bectnsc ho Wts
s5n t to tic jay Gre X Snwnill It
Fort RAYMOND,
H. combinet on room Of part seventh
end pert T. ghth 1rc6e pupils h,,s been
started cnd II be tt ught by Mrs.
il. j. Swans on, until { rolul
1t &c cher 8 secured.
The School Boerd received special
P.T.L. co mittoo, Monday Nov. !, and
eftcr listening to their port,
voted tn t the tee chers should be
moro stri ct conc ernins excuses for
te rdi ness and absence.
H rold L. III l,ma
The Valley settler. (Palmer, Alaska) 1937-195?, 1943-11-05

NOBILITY--- l.licc Car
True worth is in being, no
In doing, occh dfv thu t {.
Some little good--not IN q
Of great things to 90 by
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-03-06

Auto Loans
The Omaha guide., 1943-12-18
LOCAL NOTES
LEAVES CITY

Omaha, Sunday. Dec. 12th-Mrs.
James Fuller who has been here
at the bedside of he r~sister, Mrs.
Phillip Barge, now on the road to
recovery, from her recent illness.
left today for Chicago to visit her
Two brothers before returning 10
her home in Youngstown, Ohio.
The Omaha guide., 1943-12-18
IMPROVING

Omaha. Miss Valerie King is
still confined to her bed from the
recent operation on her throat.
However her condition has i'm
proved considerably.
The Omaha guide., 1943-12-18
CHURCH OF THE LIVING GOD
1906 North oath St.

Rev. S. X Nichols, pastor.
Rose Marie Oliver reporter.
Sunday School, 9:45 a. m.
Morning Worship, 11:15 a. m.
p enlng Worship, 1880 p. m.
Tuesday Night Choir Rehearsal.
7:33 p. m.
Thursday Night Prayer Service.
Sunday throughout the day was
grand. The pastor preached an
inspiring sermon both morning and
night. Sunday morning in Sunday
school we had a large attendance
and everyone was getting every
thing out of the sermon lesson.
The Pastors text for Sunday morn
ing December 10, will be GO we
into all the world and preach the
gospel" Sunday night Forgive"
Everyone is invited to come out.