davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1943-05-13
GROUP LEAVES
FOR ARMY EXAMS
Drdftees Leave Hurdin
For Butte To Tuke
PhYsicdls Tuesday

A large group of inductees
left Hardin Tuesday evening for
Butte where they will take ply
steal examinations to determine
If they are to become members
of the U. S. armed forces.
Those who left here included
Theodore Bear Cloud, Joseph
Knows Ground, Elmer Hill, Lor-
EMO Mountain Sheep, Chester
Butler, Dean HuSS, David Plenty
Hoops, John Raymond Stark
weather, Cecil Peterson, Fred
rick Cummins, Richard w. Cum
Minis, Jr., Alex Fox, Warren Bear
Cloud, Frank Martin Bearquiver,
Clarence H. Stewart, Warren Al
den, Horace Littleson, John
Bzoski.
John Hochhalter, Carl Myron
Angster, Clarence Brien,, Albert
Link, Johnny Sun Goes Slow,
Francis LaFranier, William Nor
ton, Oliver Redfield, Glenn
Jackson, Henry Rides Horse,
Bert Miller, Percy Spiker, Sam
uel Plain Feather, Lincoln Stew
art, James Holbert, Lysle Luck
EFT, Larry Bird Hat, Harold
Pease, William Three Irons.
Martin Schultz, Sylvester
Stray Calf, Irwin Sings Good,
Arthur Stewart, Jr., Calvin Cool
idge Jefferson, Friedrich Wallace,
Boyd Graham, Ira Left Hand,
Augustine Costa, Gilbert Bird
In the Ground, Frank Round
stone, William R. Colhoff, Plus
Real Bird, Phillip Brien, Frank
Rowland, James Deputee.
Alvin Unverzagt, Everett Will
liams, Alexander Elder, Ernest
Henry Heyd, Harold Jensen,
Patrick Little Boy, Charles Low
ell Bulls, Herbert Dyckman and
Peter Littlebear.
The following were transfer
red to the local board from 9TH
err draft boards:
George Russell from Billings,
Edward Perander fro Onton-
agon, Mich, James Pomeroy, Jr.,
from Kingman, Kan, and Mar
cello Supnet from Reseda, Calf.
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1943-05-13
MAY REGISTER FOR
NURSING CLASSES

With several nurses in Hardin
qualified to teach home nurs-
ing courses. those interested are
urged to register with Mrs. L.
H. Labbitt. home nursing chair
man, so that classes may be
arranged.
1t was pointed out that the
teaching of these classes is one
of the most important services
of the Red Cross. since the army
is calling nurses at the rate of
5000 a month.
With an increasing number
Of doctors also being called into
the services. a person is needed
in each home who knows how
to care for the sick and to pre-
vent illness in so far as posi-
BILE. it was added.
Sixteen to 20 women must
register to start a class.
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1943-05-13
EXPECTS LARGER
4-H

Several 4-H clubs have al
ready been organized in Big
Horn county and membership
Is expected to be larger than
it was last year, according to
George w. Gustafson, county
extension agent.
War activities will be a CEN
trail theme in work carried on
BY club members, with empha-
sis on the production of food
and the conservation Of war
material. The labor project is
designed to help meet the
shortage of farm labor in many
communities Of the county.
Among the most popular prof.
ects with All members is the
Victory garden. Many will also
feed lambs, hogs and calves.
Clubs already ORGANIZED are
located in the st. Xavier. Half
way. Two LegginS, North Har-
din. Kirbv. Decker and Wyola
communities.
Organization work and lists
of members must be submitted
soon after June 1, Mr.. Gustaf-
son pointed out. so those in
terested are urged to act at
once. Assistance in the organi-
zation of clubs and information
concerning the project work
NAV be secured at the county
extension office.
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1943-05-13
LEGION PLANS
MEMORIAL DAY
Col. Charles Sheridan
TO Speak At Custer
Battlefield Ceremony

At the regular meeting at
the American Legion Tuesday
evening in the Masonic tenn
pie, plans were made for the
annual Memorial Day program.
All arrangements are not yet
complete, but the committee
in charge announced that an
appropriate program of patri-
otto music and speaking will be
held. Col. Charles Sheridan,
chief of the Montana Highway
patrol, has been engaged to
make an address. His abilities
are well known to the people
of the community.
The program is to begin at
2::3O p. m. at the Custer Battle
field National cemetery, if the
weather permits. Otherwise, the
Harriet theatre here will be
used.
A complete list of events will
appear in next weeks issue of
the Tribune Herald.
Legion officers were also in
stalled at the meeting Tues
day, and included v. I. Morris,
commander; Merle C. Martin.
first vice commander; James o.
Zacek. second vice commander;
William A. Walker, finance Of
ficer: Stanley A. Yergey, his
torian: C. A. Bentley, chaplain:
George w. Gustafson. sergeant
alarms: E. o. Preston. W. B.
VOiles and w. L. Bell. members
of the executive committee:
Willard Scott. trustee for the
three-vear term and Frederick
Miller trustee for the one-vear
term and Murt Sullivan, adju-
tant.
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1943-05-13
FUNERAL SERVICES
FOR CONRAD HERT

Last rites were held Thurs
day for Conrad Hert, IS, re-
tired farmer who passed away
Monday morning at 7:45 at
his home in Hardin. He had
been in i'll health and belfast
since November, 1912, and had
spent more than two months
in the Billings and Hardin hos
pitfalls.
Services were held from the
Baptist church at 2 p. m. with
the Rev. j. Burkenkamp of
Worden, Mont, officiating. Blu
rial was made in the Hardin
cemetery.
Pallbearers were Fred Benzel,
Henry Dorm, Henry Frickle,
John Schneider, Dave Herbel
and Conrad Rob.
Mr.. Hert was born in Russia
in 1869 and came to America in
1910. He first settled in Idaho
and later moved to Yellowstone
county, Montana. He came to
Big Horn county 26 years ago
where he became a we'll known
and successful farmer.
He is survived by his wife,
Lydia, seven sons, Gottlieb. Jake,
George. Carl, Alex, Sam and Will
liam; three daughters. Susy,
Lillian and Katherine. A daugh-
ter. Pauline, preceded him in
death. Also surviving are AZ
grandchildren and four great
grandchildren.
Funeral arrangements were
in cahrge of the Bulls Chilly
mortuary.
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1943-05-13
DR.. Mordnge Talks
At Kiwdnis Club

Scotland" was the subject of
an address by DR.. John Nor
ange of Billings, delivered be-
fore the Hardin Kiwanis club
at their Wednesday luncheon.
DR.. Morange discussed his
subject from the points of ge-
ography, industry, history and
religion. Showing how the ge-
ography and climate made a
nation of robust people. the
speaker went on to relate these
same characteristics had made
them a nation that wouldn't
be conquered. Numerous deep
sea inlets. he said. were re-
sponSible for the great ship
building industry. especially a.
long the CLYDE where there are
over 100 yards in 20 miles and
also contributing factors in the
great fishing industry of the
country.
DR.. Morange characterized the
people as rarelv being known to
betrav their leaders as great
FIGHTERS. hard workers and sim
pie livers whose thrift" was due
to their struggle to live. Re-
Continued on Page 81
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1943-05-13
STERILIZATION
PLAN IN EFFECT

A temporary sterilization plan
designed to control transfer of
War-workers in Colorado, Wy
oming, Utah, Idaho and Mon
tana was announced Tuesday
by John R. McCusker, regional
war manpOWer commission di-
rector.
The plan. McCusker said, will
go into effect Wednesday, May
IL, to hold the line" against
initiation by instituting con-
trolls over job transfers by IS
sential workers.
The plan, as outlined by Nc
CuSker, makes it mandatory for
all workers in essential indus
tries to secure statements of
availability" before transfer
ring to another essential en-
ployer. Such statements are to
be issued by the employer or
the United States Employment
Service. Under the plan, trans
fers from one essential employ
err to another essential employ
err may be accomplished with
out regard to salary differences,
when such transfers will aid the
war effort, but a statement of
availability" must be obtained
before any transfer is made.
Agricultural workers are eff
fected by the plan. Such work.
ers may transfer from one farm
to another through the en-
ployment service but are not to
leave the agricultural industry.
More Information on this
plan will be published next
week. Further information may
be obtained at the office of the
United States Employment Ser
| vice
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1943-05-13
FOOD PRICE LISTS
MUST BE FILED

Boarding houses. as well as
restaurants, fountains and other
eating and drinking places in
the county should Immediately
file price lists for meals cover
ing the week of Apr. 4 to 10 at
the ration board office in Har-
din, operators were warned this
week.
The menus or lists should be
signed by the proprietor.
The ration board also called
attention to the following
statements in various OPA pub
locations:
institutional users who &C
quire rationed foods without
surrender of points, e. g., by
their own slaughter, importa-
ton or processing, may not use
such foods in amounts exceed
ing their allotmentS."
"Where a farmer sells or
leases a COW to a consumer UNI
der an arrangement by which
the farmer maintains the COW
and produces butter from milk
derived from the COW, for tran
sfer to the consumer. the farmer
is the producer of the butter.
which may be transferred to the
consumer only in exchange for
points"
"A farmer who takes milk to
a creamery and as a consumer
receives butter in payment for
such milk must surrender points
for the butter"
ANY consumer may bring
his food covered by the meat
order to a professor to be cured,
smoked or rendered. When he
gives the fOcd to the professor,
he is entitled to receive points
equal to the point value of the
food. and when he gets the
food back after processing he
must give to the professor points
equal to the point value of the
food he gets back"
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1943-05-13
MAKE PHEASANT
DAMAGE

A cooperative survey to de-
termine the amount of damage
pheasants are doing to crops is
being conducted in Big Horn
county by Montana state col
lege at Bozeman and the state
Fish and Game department.
w. R. Bergeson, field man for
these agencies, will visit all
areas where damage is taking
place to collect pheasants for a
food tract analysis. to be made
at Bozeman, and to record &C
tual crop damage.
Since full cooperation is
needed to make a successful
study, all farmers suffering crop
damage are urged to notify the
county agents office in Hardin.
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1943-05-13
SNOW AND FROST
RECORDED HERE

A late spring snowfall total
ling more than three inches
Tuesday followed by a heavy
frost the same night damaged
flowers and early gardens In
this vicinity.
l.. R. Cool of the Holly Sugar
corporation stated that beets
that had come up were not
damaged by the frost.
The snow storm started Mon
day night and continued until
midafternoon Tuesday y. The
skies cleared and the sun melted
most of the snow Immediately,
but the temperature dropped to
below freezing during the night.
Weather officials said the
storm was general throughout
the entire Rocky mountain area.
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1943-05-13
Hansen Chosen To
Head Ministers

The Rev. j. N. Hansen was
elected president cf the Big
Horn County Ministerial asso-
citation at the May meeting held
Monday in the Methodist church,
The Rev. and Mrs. Brenning
were hosts.
Other officers chosen includ-
ed the Rev. C. A. Bentley, vice
president, and Mrs. Ben Nelson,
Secretary-treaSurer.
The devotional period was in
charge of the Rev. J. D. Smith.
Mrs. E. J. WISER was the only
outside guest.
Meetings of the association
are to be suspended until Sept.
/, when the new officers will
take charge.
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1943-05-13

The parents state that they
have not heard directly from
their son, Ernest, since the
gruelling action in the Solo,
mons.
Pvt. Robert Bratton has been
somewhere overseas since March
He enlisted in the Marine corps
Sept. 1892. He is 20 years old,
six feet five inches tall, and
weighs over 200 pounds. The
last word received from him
stated that he was serving in a
motor transport battalion. He
took his training at San Diego.
The Brattons came to this
section in 1886. There are five
boys and one girl in the family.
The father, A. s. Bratton, served
in the first World War and far
med at Clifford, N. D. for is
years before coming to Montana.
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1943-05-13
SHAFER PROMOTED

Among the six officers of the
special troops who received pro-
motions at Camp Adair, Ore,
last week was Junior Warrant
Officer A. Shafer of Hardin.
He was promoted to chief war
rant officer.
Mr. Shafer attended the bust
ness administration school at
the University of Montana be-
fore e~nlisting in the army in
1899. He was made junior war
rant officer last May.
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1943-05-13
INDIAN S AWAY

Mortimer Plenty Hawks, so,
died Tuesday night at the Crow
Agency hospital. He had been
suffering with heart trouble.
Plenty Hawks had made his
home at Lodge Grass.
Funeral services will be held
Friday at ChiverS Memorial
church in Lodge Grass with DR..
w. A. Petzoldt officiating. Blu
rial will be made at Lodge Grass.
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1943-05-13
BENTLEY WILL
SERVE RCH

The Rev. G. A. Bentley, pastor
of the Crow Agency Baptist
church, has been asked to be-
come acting pastor of the Har-
din Baptist church and to as
sumo general supervision of the
work at Hardin and the upper
Big Horn, it was announced
this week.
Many churches are without
pastors at this time, it was
pointed out, because of the
large number that have become
army and navy chaplains, and
therefore some ministers are
being asked to assume greater
responsibilities.
Since the Rev. ]. E. H. Mel
son resigned from the Baptist
church here, the church has
been in communication with the
Baptist State convention and
the American Baptist Home
Mission society endeavoring to
secure a pastor.
In a recent conference with
the officials of these organi-
cations, the church considered
calling a student pastor if one
could be found. According to
the plan suggested at this con-
ference, MI. Bentley was asked
to become the acting pastor. If
a student pastor is found, he
will assist Mr. Bentley in the
general pastoral activities of
his parish. both at Hardin and
Crow Agency.
The church extends a cordial
invitation to the people of
Hardin and vicinity without
other church connections to at
tend the regular Sunday morn
ing service at II o'clock.
Mr.. Bentley will be in charge
of these services until further
notice.
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1943-05-13

Two brothers from Big Horn
county serving overseas with the
U. S. Marine corps are Pvt. Err
nest S. Bratton and Pvt. Robert
R. Bratton, sons of Mr.. and Mrs.
A.. S. Bratton, who live on a
farm near st. Xavier.
Both boys were born at Cliff
ford, N. D., attended the same
schools at Billings, Mont. and
both have won medals for
craftsmanship in the Marine
corps.
Pvt. Ernest Bratton was am
ong the marines who routed the
Japanese from Guadalcanal be-
fore the army relieved them. He
has been in Australia since jan
uary of this year at a rest camp.
He enlisted May 26, 1941, at
Hardin at the age Of 81. He rec
eived his final training at Prem-
erton, Wash.
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1943-05-13
WINS D E

Pvt. Gene Hamilton, formerly
of Lodge Grass, won the steer
wrestling event in the Camp
Roberts. Calf, annual army ro-
dee. it was learned here this
week.
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1943-05-13
MARRIAGE

May Z, Emil A. Durtsche of
Hardin and Betty M. Letzkus of
Greybull. Wyo.
May II, Frederick Wallace and
Vernice Biglake, both of Lodge
Grass.
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1943-05-13
Phyllis v. Johnson
Is At Fort Devens

Commissioned a Third Officer
on April 10. Phyllis v. Johnson,
daughter of Mr.. and Mrs. w. M.
Johnson of Kirby, is now sta
toned at Fort Devins, Mass.
The Hardin tribune-herald. [volume] (Hardin, Mont.) 1925-1973, 1943-05-13

Miss Alta Cochran returned
to her home here on Tuesday
after a vacation of several
weeks spent in California.
Imperial Valley press., 1943-11-02
Club Women Will
Meet Friday
In BrawIey

First meeting this fall of the
executive board of the Imperial
County Federation of Womens
clubs will take place Friday in
Brawley with Mrs. Ernest o. Lee,
president of the Southern District,
California Federation of Womens
clubs, as guest of honor.
Sessions will begin at 10 am and
in the morning club presidents and
county chairmen will make reports,
after which Mrs. r. l.. Glasby of
Calexico, chairman of legislation
and government, will conduct a
panel discussion Senate Resolution
No. ia.
Brawley women will serve lunch
con at noon and the Brawley club
is also arranging the music for the
day. Mrs. Lee will speak in the
afternoon on "Woman's Part in
Planning for World Peace" and at
the conclusion of the board meet
ing, will be guest of honor at an
informal reception.
The meeting is open to all club
women but luncheon reservations
must be made by Wednesday night
with Mrs. George King, Brawley.
Imperial Valley press., 1943-11-02
State Leaders
Address I.V.
Bap+is+s

State leaders were speakers at
last weeks meeting of the Imperial
Valley Baptist Women's associa-
tion held in the Brawley church
with Mrs E. L. Bennett of Ell
Centro, president, presiding.
Speakers included: Mrs. Louis P.
Jensen, state president; Mrs Frank
Holman, Children's World Crusade
director; Mrs. C. j. Nowlin, Christ
ian citizenship director; Mis-.
Winona Hanier, missionary educa-
ton director, and Miss Beulah Bas-
sett, missionary from West China.
Miss Bassett, who was a mis-
sionary in China from 1907,
spoke on China;s hopes for the
future and the important role edu-
cation, including Christian educa-
ton, is playing in achieving those
hopes, describing the schools of
China
Other officers spoke on their
various departments, Mrs. Jensen,
the state president talking on post
war needs in connection with the
part Baptist women will play.
Representatives from the various
churches participated in the pro-
gram whose theme was Hope"
Seventy-five women attended
Imperial Valley press., 1943-11-02
Society
Clubs
Bridge Party
At Club Set
For Thursday

Opening event in the Ten T'hous-
and clubs bridge series is on Thurs
day of this week. 2:30 O'Clock in
the club house, the party to be a
dessert bridge open to all women
of the community whether club
members or not.
Those who attend have been ask
ed by the committee in charge to
make their reservations as soon as
possible by telephoning Mrs. Nor
man E. Dupont, 1886.
After dessert is served by Mrs.
c. r. Hayden and her committee,
the bridge game will take place
with prizes for the winners in the
days play.
AS these parties form a series, in
the nature of a tournament, scores
are recorded and prizes given at
the end of the series to the tourna-
ment winners.
Always pleasant affairs, these
parties are held on the first Thurs
day of the month and the hostesses
for this first event are planning to
make 1t a particularly nice party.
Imperial Valley press., 1943-11-02
CALENDAR
Tuesday

Masonic homecoming, 6:i5. Ma
sonic temple.
Toastmistress club, 6:30, califor-
MIA hotel
Surgical dressings, 1880. 10000
club.
Camp Fire guardians, 7.30, 57i
Olive.
Night school, 7, high school.
Girl Scouts, 7, Scout hut.
Troop 70, 7:30, fire hall.
Central Labor council, 8, Labor
temple.
Oasis Shrine No. 20, w. S. of j.,
8, Masonic temple.
Eagles. g. $50 Broadway.
Junior Womens club, 7:30, Holt
vile civic center.
Wednesday
Surgical dressings, ga, 10000 club
Acacia, 1920, ABS Hamilton.
Women's club, 2, Holtyille civic
center.
Troop TO- tbs, Scout hut.
City council, 7:30 city hall
Butchers, 80, Labor temple.
State guard, 7:30, stadium.
Spruce -Westmorland 8, Westmor-
land school,
Servicemen's dance, $50, Veterans
hall.
Imperial Valley press., 1943-11-02
OF Interest to Women
Edited BY Anne Hardy Davis
District President Installs
County Council Officers

Unable to secure transportation
by bus or train, Mrs. Cooper was
able at the last moment to arrive
by private car, returning the same
evening to San Diego, her trip being
an example of the difficulties of
wartime travel,
New officers are: Avanelle Wat
son, Holtville, president; Helen
Murphy, Imperial vice president;
Bernice Rambo, CaleXico, chaplain;
Nellie Kretz, BraWley, sergeant-at-
arms; Viola Nails. Ell Centro, mar
shal; Florence Richards, Holtville,
musician Ida Moore of Holtville,
secretary
Mrs. Cooper gave the address OF
the evening, following the impress
sive installation, talking on the i'm
portance of Americanism and also
stressing membership, pointing out
that relatives of men in the present
war are eligible for membership.
After the meeting the women
Joined the men, the Legion inter-
pest council also having its session.
Capt. Mark HebbelthWaite of the
California Highway patrol showed
a safety picture, Victory High
Way."
Imperial Valley press., 1943-11-02
Imperial Valley Press

Established April 20, 1901.
Published evenings except Saturday
and Sunday. in combinatitn with the
Sunday OST-PRESS, by tue Imperial
Valley Publishing Company. c25 State
St, III Centre. Calf.
Paul Jenkins, Publisher
and President.
a. C. Johnston. Vice President and Ad-
vcrtising Manager; Mrs Logan II.
Jenkins, Secretary.
Member United Press, California News
paper Publishers Assn. WeSt-Holliday
Co, Inc. national representatives.
Rates, Gncluding Sunday Post-Press):
Single copy SC; carrier paid-in-ad-
vance: / month, S100; 3 months,
So. 70; 6 months. S5. 25; l year, $40 90,
By Mail: / month, S1.O0; } months
$3.50; months, $3.50; ! year, $500.
Outside of California Sl.00 per month
flat.
Entered at FL Centre, Calf, post
office as 2nd class mail.
Imperial Valley press., 1943-11-02
Shower Honors
Recert Bride

Mrs. LID Mcmahon, the former
Virginia Patterson whose marriage
took place recently, was compli-
mented at bridal shower given
Friday night at the Howard Cruce
home with Mrs. Cruce as hostess.
Opening OF the attractive gifts
and the serving of refreshments
were the highllghts of the evening
Those invited we're: Mesdames
Arthur Baker, Richard Whitmer,
Felix Niboli Carlton Johnson,
Artie Patterson, Bob Beadle, How
ard Cruce, S. w. johnson. Jr.. the
Misses Violet Niboli, Geraldine
Beadle, Mary Wilson, Patsy Bowl
ing.
Mr. McMahan is in the U. S.
Marine corps and stationed at
Camp Ell Centro Mrs. McMahan
is a popular high school student.
Imperial Valley press., 1943-11-02
Festive Party
Recent Event

Among the many Halloween cele-
bratiCrs was the party Saturday
night at the home of Agnes Ma
letta. 726 South Sixth street at
which Agnes and her cousin, Ruby
Tankersley were the hostesses.
Games, dancing and refreshments
were enjoyed by the following:
Eloise Brown, Celeste Forst, Shirley
Greed, Joyce Geer, Bonnie Barker,
10 Ann Potter, Edith Tankersley,
Aline Shipley, Billie Tankersley
Elroy Marth, Ernest Bucher, Tom
my UpShaW, Fred Brown, Buddy
Potter, Jerry Womack, J. D. God
dard, Carey Daley, Paul Howard,
Bill Carter, Bert Loop, Jackie
Mason, Billie Vaughn, Merlin Miles,
Bobby Rogers, the two hostess and
Mrs. Maletta, Mrs. Tankersley, Mr.
and Mrs. Howard, Mrs Donseze.
Imperial Valley press., 1943-11-02

sent to the Russian front. Or Tunisia. BIT they
couldn't be spared.
They can't be spared in Holland either. Or
Poland or France or Yugoslavia or Belgium.
In China, tens of thousands of Jap troops
must also remain. And Axis troops will have
to remain in countless countries so long as
the conquered" people have the stamina to
resist.
You can help support this army al,eady in
EnrOpe-by your contribution TO the National
War Fund, which you make through our COM
munirys own war fund
For this year, the agencies that can do this
job have banded together to make the collec.