davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-11-04
King Emanuele Seeking
Means Of Saving Throne

SOMEWHERE IN SOUTHERN
ITALY. Nov. 3.-R>-King Vito
rio Emmanuel III today sought
some means of saving his throne
in the face of demands by par
ties of the united anti Fascist
front that he abdicate before they
ioin the government Of Premier
Marshal Pietro Badoglio.
For the first time in many Gays
tho italian monarch did not drive
into the country to visit villagers
or inspect soldiers; s.,
- The King called his advisers in
r. a conference in the small brown
c W villa where he lives with
y fragment of his once numerous ?a,e o'1 s
anto,rage. Badoglio me, met with 1i.a the
Eins and kept the Allied military
ln9 Otherwise there were little signs signs
~ activity, and a definite c: aec CTS
Of on a or move by the King is not Of
ION OF ot ID 1' for several days until al
e ok ses of the situation have 0een
exhausted. .dod nv a small
It'll The ehm uleaa . Of Italian sailors
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-11-04
MUCH WOOD USED
| BYPACKACE FIRM
Kiwanians Hear Story OF
Local Industry From
Its Owner

W. Albert Corbett, president Oh
the Corbett Package Company
whose business is the manufac-
ture of crates and baskets chief
ly for fruits and vegetables, told
the Kiwanis club on Wednesday
that seven billion feet of lumber
are consumed yearly in this in
dustry. Reduced to figures more
easily comprehended, he added
that this output fills 100000 freight
cars and at so cars each requires
$4,000 trains annually. Washington
designates the business among the
essential industries of wartime.
The lumber used in Mr.. Cor
belts plant comes for the most
part from nearby swanps and
woods and is received either by
train, barge or truck, or is float
ed down the river in RATS. A sur
prisingly large number of native
woods are used. Displaying two
sizes of crate manufactured at
his Wilmington branch, MIR. Cor
bett named birch, sycamore, ash,
pine, cypress white gum, elm,
sweet gum, poplar and maple
Under normal conditions, he
added, the plant employees about
400 persons, with an additional 100
in the woods. The present labor
situation and higher wages paid
in other war industries interfere
with this schedule, he said, bu.
the plant is working as full 3
crew as possible.
Guests at the luncheon were
Robert W. Richards, connected
with the industrial branch of USO
and a Kiwanian, and H. B. Ri,
venbark, of the Wilmington Gre
dit Association.
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-11-04
ALLIES PUNCTURE
MASSIC0 SECTOR
Continued From Page One)

Nazi defenses sprang another
leak on the Eighth Army's Adri-
attic front, where British and Ca
madam troops surged across the
Trigno river an undisclosed dis
lance inland from t h e original
bridgehead at San Salvo near the
coast.
Gen. Sir Bernard L. Montgom-
ery's forces were being forced to
fight hard for every yard t h ey
gained. Enemy resistance W
stiff in all sectors. The Germans
even called upon their carefully
boarded stock of tanks in an ef-
fort to beat back American troops
who drove three miles northward
to win the last heights across the
upper Volturno valley from Vena-
fro.
This advance swept up Pratella,
nine miles southwest of Venafro,
and Gallo, about the same distance
below Isernia, as well as eight
other mountain towns and villages
in the thickly populated area. The
Fifth Army's drive onto Massico
ridge and San Croce mountain also
engulfed many villages clinging to
the slopes.
An Allied officer described the
bloody advances near the Tyrrheni-
an coast as ''the breaking of one
more of Rone's outer defenses,"
and declared the Nazis in that Sec
tor would have to withdraw or
risk humiliation. There was every
indication that the Germans would
fight slow, stubborn rearguard
action across the Garigliano val
ley.
(The German military common
tator, Capt. Ludwig Sertorius, said
in Berlin broadcast that the Al
lied Fifth Army had launched its
'1ong expected attack along the
coast of the Gulf of Gaeta. Another
Nazi commentator specialized that
the Allies might attempt a land
ing from the sea above Terracina
and make a battlefield of the Pom
tine marshes southeast of Romeo
Meantime, the powerful new U.
S. 18th Army Air Force prepared
to give Hitler's Eastern Europe a
terrific pounding by daylight this
winter. Winter weather which in
the past has helped protect the
Nazis from bombing by Britain
based fleets will offer but little in
reference from this end.
Normally the weather settles
down in the Mediterranean around
the end of November, and air Of
ficers believe that a real day-by-
day pulverizing of tn enemy's
war industries will begin then. By
that time several great air fields
in southern Italy may be ready to
accommodate the Flying Fortress
es and Liberators. Yesterdays in
augural raid by the 18th Air Force
on the Messerschmitt plane fac
tory near Wiener Neustadt in Aus
tria was carried out from North
African bases.
1t was reported today the Wiener
Neustadt plant w blasted so
heavily it might never make planes
again. The raiding bonbers shot
down at least 80 out of rs to 100
Nazi fighters that gave battle. To-
days Allied communique reported
six planes missing from all yes
terday's operations, but there was
no indication how many were lost
on the Austrian raid.
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-11-04
WAR FUND HELPS
THE NETHERLANDS
Ind o mitable Dutch
Among Recipients OF
Chest Relief

When the citizens of Whining
Inn and New Hanover county con
tribute to the Community Wal
Fund Campaign scheduled to oper
November 8, one of the 81 agencies
which will receive a portion Of
4bose funds is the Queen Wilhel
nina Fund.
"The Indomitable Dutch that's
,,bat President Roosevelt has call.
ed them!
Ever since that fateful day oil
NAV 10. 1910, when the Maj
hordes swarmed into Holland, the
mitch have continued their fight
for victory. In Holland, with un-
derqround activities; in Dutch pos
sessions in the East Indies; in the
BATTLE of the Pacific. where the
dutch played a memorable part,
sinking a Jap ship a day for
more than fifty days; on the sea.
where a Dutch fleet of more than
100000 tons engages in war
transport; IN the air, with Neither
lands, East Indies bombing squad
rons in actions in the Southwest
pacific. and young Dutch aces
from the Royal Netherlands Fly
ing school at Jackson, Miss, fight
inc over New Guinea; under the
soa where Dutch subs hunt enemy
ships; on land, with Guerrilla
fighters in the Netherlands East
indies. and with the remnants
of the regular Dutch army in Aus
tralia and England - all over the
world the Dutch continue to fight
it out
The Queen Wilhelmina Fund, Or
oanized in May, 1910, is the Of
fetal agency in America for Dutch
war relief. It's principal form OF
relief consist of: aid to Neither
lands refugees in Holland and the
indies while stranded in unoccupi-
ed territory; aid to thousands of
Dutch prisoners of war in German
camps. through the International
Red Cross in Geneva, with provi-
sion of food packages and miscel-
laneous personal articles; aid to
war victims of the Netherlands
Merchant Marine and widows OF
sailors from the East Indies; main
tenance of recreational and conva-
lescent homes for the personnel of
the Dutch Merchant Marine; aid
TO Foundation for War Victims of
the Fighting Forces; aid to var
ious Netherlands seamen's homes
in America; provision of knitted
garments and wearing apparel pro-
duced by the knitting and sewing
centers of the funds various chap
tiers scattered throughout the
United States, and given to Dutch
seanen and stranded Hollanders.
THE indonitable Dutch' have a
right to our humanitarian aid, but,
as cold investment in the bus
mess of war, they must have our
help in their unrelenting battle
against the common enemy.
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-11-04
FARM MEETING

All farmers of this communi-
ty are asked to attend a meet
ing to be held by the Farm
Bureau in the Wrightsboro
clubhouse at 1880 pm. Friday.
November 5 at which time the
welfare of agriculture will be
discussed.
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-11-04
JOINT DINNER MEETING

The county home demonstra-
ton clubs and Farmers club
will hold their joint dinner
meeting Thursday at 1880 pm.
at Wrightsboro clubhouse with
John w. Goodman of Raleigh
the principal speaker.
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-11-04
APPEAL DISMISSED

RALEIGH, Nov. 3. -(P- The
State Supreme Court today dis
missed the appeal of Clyde Grass,
sentenced to death in October 1912
in Cabarrus superior court for the
first degree murder of his father
in-law, w. A. Goodwin.
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-11-04
Briefs
MEETING

Wilmington Camp No. 8, Unit
ed Spanish War Veterans, will
hold its monthly meeting at 8
o'clock Thursday night in the
hall In the County court house.
Officers for the ensuing year
will be nominated.
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-11-04
RETURN TO CAMP

Captain and Mrs. Archie L.
Harris returned to Fort Jack
Son. Columbia, S. c., after
spending week visiting their
parents in the city. Captain
Harris recently received his
promotion and Is attached to
the Dental Corps at Fort Jack
son. He is the son of Mr.. and
Mrs. M. L. Harris and former
ly practiced in Wilmington.
Mrs. Harris is the former
Gertrude Fulcher Of this city.
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-11-04
GAS APPLICATIONS

All ga" gasoline applications
must be in by November If
motorists expect to have their
books when they need them,
said o. H. Shoemaker, ration
board chairman. He reminds
motorists to carefully read the
directions on the back Of the
application blank before send
Ing the blank to prevent add
ed delay.
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-11-04
There is
no aspirin

-surer, stronger, faster-and genuine
n,,re St. Joseph Aspirin is as pure as
money can buy. First choice of millions
has made it world 8 largest seller at 10c.
And +here's even greater saving in the
large sizes Sc tablets zoe; 100 only 35c.
Al demand St. Joseph Aspirin.
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-11-04
ENGLISH CLASS OPENS

ENGLISH CLASS OPENS
The English IL class has been
organized at New Hanover High
school and had first class
Wednesday evening. This class,
taught by Mrs. Ruth Skinner,
will meet five nights a week
from 10 pm. The IL members
will go IL weeks and put in 120
hours for which they will be
given full high school credit.
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-11-04
BAND CONCERTS

Band concerts under the d.
rection of 1t. Lacock were pre-
scented at the New Hanover
High school assembly pro-
grams Tuesday and Wednes-
day.
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-11-04
MONTHLY MEETING

The monthly meeting of all
AFRAID wardens and fire
watchers Of Zone 10 will
be held Thursday, November 4,
at 8 p. m. in the SOuthside
Baptist church annex. All
members are requested to be
present at this important
meeting.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-01-03
Conference Of Il Groups
Seeks 10 Aid Consumer
BY the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
A drive to obtain a greater voice
for consumers in the formulation
of wartime civilian controls and
develop better understanding"
between Government and consumers
was inaugurated yesterday by rep
resentatives Of IL national organ.
cations.
The conference, including dele.
gates from consumer, labor and
farm groups, voted to ask the exc.
cutive board Of the Co-operative
League to call a meeting of leaders
of national organizations with con.
sumner interests to create . council
for joint consumer action. The
leagues board will meet January TO
in Chicago.
Organizations represented In.
cluded the National Federation Of
Business and Professional Women,
the National Council Of Jewish
Women, the Go Women's Aux
Hilary National Council of Farm.
ers' Co-operatives, American Asso.
citation Of University Women, the
CLIO Maritime Union, National
Grange, Federal Council of. Churches
Of Christ, American Federation Of
Labor, National Education Asso-
citation, Consumers Union and the
Cooperative League. =
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-01-03

STAYED of war for time, Secretary
Hull, "by way Of warning that 1t
did not insure peace and was not
based on sound principles" empha-
sized that forces standing for peace
full and orderly principles should
mot relax. but redouble" their ef-
forts to maintain them.
Arms Embargo Aided Nazis.
BY 1899, 1t was clear that the
arms embargo neutrality" legisla-
ton, which had been criticized from
the first by the President and Mr..
Hull, was indirectly aiding Ger
many by handicapping the rearma-
ment Of Britain and France. The
White Paper" notes that Congress
took no action on an administra-
ton request for repeal Of the en-
barge during the spring and sum-
mer Of 1899.
The Presidents vain appeals to
Hitler for pacific solution of Ger
man-Polish differences are recalled
with the summation that 'in the
face Of Hitler's determination to
proceed with his plan Of conquest
all efforts at peace failed"
During the period Of "the phony
war" in Europe following the quick
German crushing of resistance in
Poland, the White House sent I'm
dersecretary of State Welles on a
tour of European capitals to re
port on conditions" there. and he
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-01-03
Russia Warned
Twice by u. S.
OF Nozi Invasion

Russia received two official warn
ings from the United States that
Germany was preparing to attack
her long before the actual German
invasion on June %, 1941, the State
Department disclosed last night.
In the white paper" dealing with
American policy in the 1931-1941
decade, the department said:
In the winter of 1901 this Gov
eminent received reports that Ger
many intended to attack the Soviet
Union, despite the existence Of the
German Russian non aggression
pact. This information was con-
veyed by Undersecretary Welles to
the Soviet Ambassador early in
1941. On March 20, 1941, Mr.. Welles
informed the Ambassador that this
Government had additional infor-
nation in confirmation of the report
that Germany intended to attack
the Soviet Union"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-01-03
Continued From First Page }

steps which it may deem necessary"
for safeguarding its rights and in
surfing its security.
8. Secretary Hull, after warning
the cabinet on November 7, l94l,
that a sudden attack by Japan was
an Imminent possibility" informed
the British Ambassador on Novem-
Der 20 that "the diplomatic part
OF our relations with Japan was
virtually over and that the matter
will now 60 to the officials OF the
Army and Navy"
First Warning in 1894.
4. Mr.. Crews reports had Dol
stored State Department mistrust of
Japan for several years previously,
as he had advised as long ago as
December AZ, 1884, that it would
be "cIiminally shortsighted" to dis
count "the possibility OF eventual
war with Japan" AS Pearl Har-
Dor neared, he urged November
II, l94l, vigilance against sudden
Japanese naval or military attack"
making use of every possible tao
tical advantage, including surprise
and initiative"
5. Accommodating evidence point
Ing toward a secret military ALL
ance between Germany and Japan
publicly signed in 1940-was re-
ported by the American military
attache at Berlin in 1884; by Am
bassador William E. Dodd from
Berlin in 1888, and by Ambassador
Grew in 1896.
Reports on Mani Regime.
g. Several reports from Germany
IN 1888 and 1884 asserted the then
new Nazi regime was leading Ger
many toward war, including an OBJ
servation by Consul Raymond H.
Geist at Berlin that it was difficult
to foresee ''how the belIcose spirit
here can be restrained and directed
into permanent channels Of peace
toward the end Of this present
decade"
7. Saburo Kurusu, who came to
Washington as a special Japanese
envoy the month before Pearl Har-
Dor on a fake peace" mission,
boasted to an American offlcial In
TOXIC IN 1885 that Japan was des-
tined to be the boss" of territories
including China, India, the Neither
lands East Indies, ETC."
8. In rejecting the last of several
appeals from President Roosevelt to
keep Italy out of the war, Mussolini
confirmed on June Ito DAYS before
1taly's actual declaration of war
against Great Britain and France
that the decision to enter the war
already had been taken and that
any further pressure" from Mr.
Roosevelt would only "stiffen his
attitude"
9. Paul Reynaud, last French
Premier before the Petain regime
declared in an eloquent appeal to
President Roosevelt on June IA.
l94o-the day German troops en-
tered Paris-that "the only chance
OF saving France" was Immediate
assurance that the United States
would enter the war within a verv
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-01-03

the Governments policy within the
framework of what was described as
"a gradual evolution of public
opinion away from the idea
Of isolation"
The restraining effect Of public
opinion-as exemplified in adverse
public reaction to the Presidents
famous Quarantine" the aggressors
speech of October, 1937-is offered
as part Of an explanation of why
more concrete action of the type
the administration believed neces-
sary could not be taken early enough
to stem the tide Of Axis conquest
before 1t engulfed the world.
Victories Like Wine"
Ambassador Grew reported on
September IL, 1910, that German
victories had gone to Japan's head
like strong wine" and that it would
continue trampling on American
rights 'in exact ratio to the
strength of it's conviction that
people Of the United States would
not permit this Nations potential
power to be used"
Soon after the decade Of agrees
sion was begun with Japan's march
into Manchuria. Mr.. Grew informed
the State Department in 1882 that
Japan was deliberately building up
public animosity against this coun-
try and added that the Japanese
military machine, built for war"
would welcome war" with "un-
limited self confidence.
The next year signs Of German
Japanese-Italian cooperation in
moving toward war were mounting
and Secretary Hull told the German
Ambassador here that he felt dis
couraged about prospects of pre-
serving peace and that "a general
war during the next 2 to 10 years
seemed more probable than peace"
George s. Messersmith, present
Ambassador to Mexico, reported
from Berlin in 1893, when he was
consul general there, that the Nazi
government "ardently" desired peace
for the time being only to have
chance to re-arm and prepare for
war.
Nazi Purpose Disclosed.
The following year, Douglas Miller,
acting commercial attache in Berlin,
declared the Nazi purpose "is to
dominate the entire globe" and that
the more completely Hitler succeed
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-01-03

ed in controlling Germany "the
more certain is ge-scale war in
Europe some day"
In view of such reports and the
evidence OF a secret German jap
anese alliance, Secretary Hull
warned in speech on May 5, 1884,
that 'it would be both blunder and
a crime to fail much longer to take
notice of present dangerous ten
denotes"
A comprehensive appraisal of the
situation in Japan by Ambassador
Grew on December 27, 1884, served
to confirm the growing fears of war.
Things were being constantly said
and written in Japan to the effect
that Japan's destiny was to subju-
gate and rule the world" he re-
ported
He listed japanese aims as includ-
ing specifically the gaining of dom
nance IN China, the Philippines, the
Straits Settlements, Thailand. the
Netherlands East Indies and Vladi-
vostok "one step at a time" pausing
internationally ito consolidate and
then continuing as the intervening
obstacles can be overcome by di-
plomacy or force"
World Pattern.
His report formed part of a rap
IDLY developing world pattern. A
similar appraisal of German aims
came from Mr.. Messersmith in
February, 1885. He said the Nazis
had their eyes" on Memel, Alsace-
Lorraine and the Ukraine" adding
that Austria was "a definite OBJ
Jectlve," and that absorption or
hegemony over the whole OF South
eastern Europe was a definite pol
Icy" He and Ambassador Dodd
agreed that mo faith whatsoever"
could be put in Nazi promises and
that German-Japanese alliance
was probably in existence"
When this alliance finally came
INTO the open with public signing
at Berlin, September q, 1910. Sec
rotary Hull described it in a talk
with the British Ambassador as
"Hitler's effort to divert attention
from his failure to invade Great
Britain and to preserve his prestige
by a sensational announcement OF
something that already existed"
Mr.. Hull said in the same CONVEX
satlon that Japan was bound to
assume the United States and Brit
ain had definite agreements" con-
corning naval and air bases IN the
Pacific, like Singapore, and prom
Eed American acts with respect to
the Pacific area would be more or
less affected" by what would most
effectively and legitimately aid
Britain in winning the war"
Ethiopian Push Forecast.
Long before this, however, Italy
had entered the picture leading up
to the general war by her invasion
of Ethiopia, which was forecast by
Breckenridge Long, then Ambassa-
dor In Rome, year before 1t &C.
tually occurred. He predicted sue
cess Of Italy's Ethiopian venture
meant nothing but trouble for
the future"
Meanwhile, Hugh Wilson, then
Minister to Switzerland, pointed to
the real" danger. He reported in
November, 1895, that other Euro
pean countries were fully appre-
hensive of the dangers inherent in
Italy's course but had no real fear
of Italy" while being profoundly
afraid Of Germanv
Only brief mention is made in
the white Paper" of the civil con-
flict in Spain which broke out in
July, 1896. 1t recalled this Gov
ernment's early declaration of a
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-01-03

short time. The President prom
1sed only supplies, with no military
commitments. which could be made
only by Congress.
Warned to Arm in 1898.
10. Secretary Hull advised Mr..
Roosevelt on october 81, 1898, that
there should be no further delay"
IN starting steps to accumulate ade-
quate supplies of rubber and other
strategic materials which would be
cut of by general war, but legisla-
ton authorizing appropriation of
SlO00O0,0O0 for this purpose was not
passed until more than seven
months later. on June 7, 1899.
IL. In connection with develop
ment OF the Atlantic Charter and
in other discussions with Allied gov
ernments looking toward post war
settlements, this Government in
sisted that "above all, there must
not be any secret agreements"
In addition to such disclosures as
these from its confidential files, the
State Department publication sum-
marizes many previously published
speeches of the President and Secre-
tary Hull and other official state
ments, to give rounded outline of
the development Of American policy
in the 1931-l941 decade.
Record of Events.
Brief records of most of the actual
events during the decade that were
headline material at the time are
included, among them Britain's re-
fusal to follow Secretary of State
Stimson's specific suggestion in 1882
for a joint declaration that neither
Britain nor the United States would
recognize as valid any situation Gre
ated in violation of the nine power
and Kellogg BRAND peace pacts. In
stead, Britain urged a similar policy
on the League Of Nations. This Gov
eminent has consistently followed
such a non-recognition policy as Mr..
Stimson applied to Japans conquest
of Manchuria.
The "Panay incident" which ac-
centuated the threat of war hetween
the United States and Japan in 1897,
when Japanese planes bombed and
destroyed the American gunboat
Panay, also is reviewed. The con-
clusion is drawn that the "over-
whelming" public Endorsement of
the manner in which it was settled
by Japanese apologies and indemni-
fications attested to the earnest de-
sire" of the American people to
keep out of war.
Called peace and War"
The summary made public last
night, entitled Peace and War" and
described semi-of1cially as one of
the most important white papers"
ever issued by a Government, serves
as the introduction to a volume
containing the full texts of ap-
proximately $50 selected documents
which is scheduled for publication in
q few weeks.
In formal statement, Secretary
Hull said the summary and forth
coming documents present a record
OF policies and acts by which the
United States sought to promote
conditions of peace and world order
and to meet the worldwide dam
gers resulting from Japanese, Ger
man and italian aggression as those
dangers arose."
He expressed hope that study Of
the Information made more fully