davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-12-05
Pearl Harbor- Two Years After

telephone. radio. cable, with the MAIN
land or between the islands. The armed
forces have converted Pearl Harbor and
the entire archipelago into something
like Gibraltar but the workers behind
the ramparts are the civilians.
Since industry in the islands is largely
agricultural, the plantations have been
the chief source upon which the regu-
lar armed forces have drawn for civilian
labor and material. Thousands Of men
in spite of labor shortages have been
allocated from agriculture to construct
defenses; equally, thousands of acres of
productive sugar and pineapple fields
have been transformed into air bases
or sites for warehouses; and material
and machinery Of untold value have
been taken out OF peacetime activity.
The machinery thus loaned is often
scattered beyond recovery. Once the
Army borrowed from plantation an
expensive pump. A year later the
plantation tried to trace the where
abouts of its pump. We've found where
your pump is" said the Army official.
That's good" said the plantation man.
ager. We'll send truck for it,"
You'll have to send a different kind
of vehicle than a truck" said the Army
official. for your pump Is now on its
way to the Solomon Islands"
Plantation Home Guards.
Most of the plantations maintain
"home guards" The workers are armed,
uniformed and drilled under military
discipline and are trained to obey
alarms at the souno of which they would
instantly quit their labor In the fields
and become fighters.
Every plane arriving in Hawaii from
battle front has to be disinfected
against mosquitoes that might spread
fever in the islands and against insect
pests that might ruin the crops. At the
initiative of DR.. Harold L. Lyon, direc-
tor of the Experiment Station of the
Hawaiian Sugar Planters Associati ton,
the Government adopted a system to
destroy all parasites on planes from the
tropics
Before Pearl Harbor DR.. Lyon began
experimenting extensively with diversi-
fied garden crops TO make Hawaii more
elf-suStalning, with the result that,
while Hawaiian soil will not permit the
growing of all familiar vegetables, the
islands ale less dependent than formerly
for foodstuf1s from the mainland.
Women at Work.
Women have been enrolled with =
thoroughness hardly exceeded on the
mainland. There are no WACS or
WAVES in Hawaii yet. But there are
WARDS (Women's Air Raid Defense)
whose job Is 10 watch for enemy planes.
Some of the WARDS wear on their
blue uniforms red stripes-"not for lip
stick but for years Of service" said one.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-12-05

eohe so seriously as to MAIN Americas
Pacific Fleet.
At first the people were incredulous.
1--WE thought an overzealous Army or
Navy was putting on a superrealistic
maneuver and were about to telephone
a protest when" Those who saw it
have the same recollection. The when"
was when they saw the dead and dying,
the overturned vessels, the pillows OF
black smoke. There were swift acts of
heroism amid scenes Of anguish by men
and women Inundated and bewildered.
Intensified War Effort.
Their bitter resentment solidifled all
elements OF the island people, individ-
uals, industry and cultural institutions,
uniting them in an intensified war ef-
fort. Today, as for two years, the
Hawaiians endure willingly. as neces-
sary military precautions, nightly black
outs, a curfew at 10 pm. when no ono
Is permitted on the streets, and CEN
sorship Of their communication, mail.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-12-05

The Waves (Women's Army Volunteer
Corps specialize in operating field
kitchens, directing traf1ic, instructing in
the wearing Of gas masks, handling Of
switchboards, automobile repairing, use
Of firearms and, in case they meet
an obstreperous enemy, jujitsu. The
WASPS, an ambulance patrol organiza-
ton, enrolls business women to give
first aid and to transport wounded to
hospitals
Sweeping streets. operating buses, Wis
iting homes to show housewives how to
prevent food wastage, laboring in ma
chine shops or on plantations to har-
vest crops are not beneath the dignity
Of Hawaiian women in the emergency.
In the middle of the Pacific, one of
them said, the women do not have to
advance to the front. They are already
at It,
Essential as Guns and Tanks.
Fully half the adult women in the
Territory have paid employment and
Is per cent Of the employable men and
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-12-05

group toward another influences the
newcomer.
In = crowded bus one sees sailor or
soldier tip his hat and give his seat to
an Oriental woman; at baseball game
when An Army team completes with a
local team mostly Oriental, the Orientals
when they score a hit are cheered as
Justify as the Army men.
Toward Victory.
Pearl Harbor, geographically, is nearer
to the Hawaiians than to the people on
the mainland The Hawaiians see 1t
daily and intimately, pass it on their
way to work. and view it from the win
dows Of their homes on the hilltops.
Their memories of what happened
there two years ago are vivid.
They are pulling together in the
knowledge that the victory to be at
tanned is not for them alone, that tbs
American flag that floats over their
islands. 1000 miles out In the Pacific,
symbolizes for them their unity with
the mainland.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-12-05
BY Thomas Steep.

Pearl Harbor is miles west of
Honolulu. It sprawls over a fiat area
fronting southwark on the Pacific. It
Is not particularly pretty harbor; few
coconut trees and palms fringe its
edges, but 1t lacks the lush beauty Of
a tropical harbor. Nonetheless its
waters, with the adjacent landscape,
when seen from the hills back of it,
present a panorama of startling splendor
Westward stretch in green undula-
tons the waving sugar cane of Eva
plantation; 5000 acres nourished by
water pumped from artesian wells. Still
westward the Walanae Mountains stand
like stage backdrop against a sky
Serenely blue. In wide valley north
ward there are more sugar cane and
10000 acres Of pineapple. Eastward is
bowl crater and Diamond Head Nearby,
In Red Hill Cemetery, rest the victims
Of December 7, 1941.
1t would seem to be scene of pas
toral tranquility were it not that the
highway from Honolulu is damned with
traffic day and night-with trucks loaded
with cement, steel, lumber; with mud
covered bulldozers, delivery wagons, cars
occupied by engineers with blueprints.
Pearl Harbor itself is a pandemonium
Of activity, at night brilliant with lights
In machine shops, dry docks, repair
basins, ordnance shops, ammunition de-
potts. barracks, air stations and sub
marine basins. Long ago cleared of the
wreckage of 194l, the harbor labors un-
ceasingly to make itself impregnable.
Harbor Development Was Slow.
In view of the present hustle and the
unbegrudged expenditure of hundreds
of millions Of dollars, it is interesting
to reflect on the initial hardness Of
Congress to develop the harbor The
first regular Navy man to inspect it was
a lieutenant, who, on leave of alb
sence, commanded John Jacob Astor's
furt trading ship Tonquin. That was
in 1911.
Subsequently treaty with the Ha-
waiians giving the United States exclu-
sive naval base rights was pigeonholed.
annexed. Congress provided 100000.
In 1918, when the dry dock was near
ing completion, its foundation was
blown up by hydrostatic pressure and
it was not until 1919 that the semblance
Of a naval base evolved
Constructive activity, not so intensive
as now, was progressing two years ago
when on a bright December Sunday
morning soon after dawn an enemy
swept in from the sky and in a rel
atively few minutes killed some thou
sands of Americans, smashed an ar
mazda of fighting planes on the ground,
sank war craft in the harbor and de-
stroyed hangers and other defenses at
Hickman Field, Eva Field, Ford Island,
Wheeler Field, Bellows Field and Kan
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-12-05

women are engaged directly in war work
or definitely war-useful work, according
to Newton r. Holcomb, territorial d.
rector Of manpower.. Feminine par
ticipation begins at the age of II with
schoolgirls of that age contributing one
day every two weeks in the pineapple
and sugar fields and thus helping to
harvest foods that have been earmarked
"as essential as guns and tanks"
Rich in cultural institutions, Hawaii
has put them all to work. The Honolulu
Academy of Art occupies an architec-
tural masterpiece in the heart OF the
metropolis. 1t is directed by DR.. Edgar
c. Schenck, but most of its staff are
women including Mrs. Fritz Hart, wife
OF the conductor of the Honolulu SYM
phony Orchestra. and Mrs. Ann J. Cor
bell of the educational department.
Here in sequestered corridors, court
yards with fountains, a miniature thea
ter and galleries hung with Oriental
art, the children of war workers attend
classes and seryicemen listen to con-
certs or hang their own art efforts on
the walls. I saw thus hung many a
serviceman's sketch whose subject-a
street scene back home" or the por-
trait of a girl-seemed to express a
nostalgia feeling on the part of some
lonesome sailor or soldier.
South Sea Castaways.
The women Of the Bishop Museum, a
memorial to Princess Bernice Pauahu
Bishop, last Of the Kamehameha FAM
lily Of Hawaiian chiefs, prepared an ex-
hibit to help castaways in the Pacific.
The exhibit was based on a treatise by
the museums ethnologist, DR.. Kenneth
P. Emory entitled "Castaway's Baedeker
to the South Seas" to. show a castawsy
how to survive until his rescue BY
eating raw fish, turtles or doves, to
Stake thirst by avoiding poisonous food
plants, by making shoes from coconut
husks, by generating fire without
matches, by protecting himself from the
tropical sun.
On the University Of Hawaii's campus,
In temporary sheds, Maurice Evans, the
Broadway star, produces plays that are
sent in trucks to entertain servicemen,
and Elroy M. Fulmers Community
Theater. comprising volunteer anna
teurs, travels to hospitals to help tbs
sick and wounded invaded from South
Sea battle fronts to forget for a time
their memories of wars horrors.
No Race Prejudice.
In land where peoples Of diverse
racial origins are closely intermingled,
the absence of race prejudice is i'm
pressive. In a recent nine-week visit to
four Of the larger islands-Oahu, Ha-
wall, Maui and Kauai did not observe
in streets, buses, stores, Offices, theaters,
q single instance of race antagonism.
The considerate attitude of one racial
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-12-05
Winning the War Against Hitler's U>Boats

The dr at began simultaneously 1ph
NTH the sinking OF the hena and through years.
until recently, Allied
sea lanes under constant submarine threat.
Until this and supplies for the
East had to around the thousands
and subject to terrific Uboat attack
here by Godfrey Anderson story
Just released for publication
No as related BY Charles A. Crunch story
september TO- also Just released
the Atlantic and through the Mediterranean
the sea lanes since the Unter and ,copacs
Aed the Atlantic Nth Ureckage flaming patches
dor to
Much OF that change is diScernible
NEAR and Roger Greene have
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-12-05
BY Godfrey H. P. Anderson,
Associated PresS staff Writer

Associated Press Stan Writer.
WITH A BRITISH CONVOY OFF
SIERRA LEONE, WEST AFRICA,
March 10, 1s41 Delayed .-U-boats sank
several ships in this convoy in a daring
midnight attack, leaving British seamen
to swim for their lives in a choppy sea
many miles from land.
Our sister ship sank like stone in
two and half minutes. Six women
were among her II passengers, but no
one knows what became of them, al
though some boats were launched. OF
the total of So persons on board, only
IL were accounted for.
At 40 am. we awoke with sensa-
ton that something was wrong. The
familiar note of the throbbing engines
was stilled, and the ship rolled heavily.
Whistles shrilled. Running feet sounded
along the deck. My cabinmate, a free
French officer, cried out, MY God
we've been hit"
With fumblng fingers I scrambled
into my uniform, seized a aashlamp and
llfebelt and CROPPED my way on deck.
Two ships were settling slowly nearby,
but this time we were not hit.
In the darkness men were straining
over the starboard rails shouting to a
lifeboat which was wallowing toward us.
Shouts for Help.
Shouts echoed from the blackness of
the surrounding night-shouts of men
il boats, on RATS, and swimming for
their lives. ship ahoy!' they yelled,
their voices sometimes strong when car
RED down wind, then oddly broken with
weakness of despair Even now, hours
alterward, the cries of those who
waited in vain still echo in my ears.
There was so little We could do.
The first boatload of survivors was
helped aboard-hardy seamen who had
been tracking the seas in Britain's mer-
chant fleet since the day war began.
Several were mere boys, but they like
the others, said, This won't stop US.
Well sail again" One, shivering in
his night clothes, had blood pouring
from head wound. He had been lucky.
Two shipmates who ran as he did to-
ward the boats fell 80 feet into the
bottom hold and were killed when they
crashed through the gap the torpedo
tore in the decks.
Search for the Missing.
After putting II OF his men aboard,
the captain, with the mate and three
seamen decided to return to our sister,
ship to search for those still missing.
The scene now looked like naval
engagement. The sky was lit by flares
and sos rockets from the lifeboats
and RATS, and distant guns flashed
where one U-boat surfaced in an at
tempt to finish off the victim by gun
fire. But still ceaseleSs cries sounded
out of the night-cries of men hoping
against hope to be picked up, sinking
and choking in the icy sea.
A Warship thrust alongside and Or
dered us to rejoin the convoy which
had already vanished over the horizon
Only our captain knew what we had
already risked by waiting to pick up
survivors,
While escort vessels stayed behind to
continue the work of saving the men
swimming in the sea, other warships
hurled depth charges after the sorely
pressed U-boats. For hours the sea and
sky echoed with the thunder of their
explosives. AS the day broke grayly
over the heaving wastes of ocean, we
lay down. fully dressed to snatch some
sleep.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-12-05
Only False Alarms Stir
Well.Cuarded CROSSINGS
BY Roger Greene and
Austin Bealmear,
Associated Press staf Writers.

BRITISH WEST COAST PORT
There's deal of difference in crossing
the Atlantic these days as compared
with few years, even a few months,
ago.
GREENES ACCOUNT: We were five
days out, bound for England. AS night
closed down over the blacked-out con-
voy, Second Mate Sammie Lopez, 81.
Of (2l47 Park place. Wichita, Kans.,
who used to fly bombers to Britain be-
fore he joined the merchant marine.
greeted my arrival at the captains table
for dinner with the news:
The German radio just announced
that no more ships will reach England"
Sammie said the broadcast boosted
OF new secret weapon which would
litter the ns:-Atlantic lanes with
wreckage and finally drive England to
her knees by strangulation blockade.
Around the mess tables there was a
tight, uncomfortable silence from some
OF the younger men, jeers from others
more familiar with the Buck Rogers
dream-world Of DR.. Goebbels We re-
SoullVSo ldlCS VI Vic NdLl O-UOdG
and speculated on what the new secret
weapon" might be-.
The New Secret Weapon
There was talk of the newly devel-
oped Nazi torpedo which avoided anti
torpedo devices on Allied ships and was
guided with deadly accuracy to it's tar
get by the vibration of surface vessels
propellers, thus knocking out the ships
motive power and leaving it helpless
straggler, far behind the convoy, for the
U-boat to destroy by gunfire.
Cargo Vessels Well Armed.
BEALMEAR's ACCOUNT: Although
Americas quickly-built, mass produced
Liberty ship travels in conveys with
warship escorts, the 10,000-ton cargo
vessel Is well-equipped to take care of
herself
This one carries all the latest life
saving equipment; lifeboats are provi-
stoned for 80 days; each man keeps a
red light powered by waterproof bat
terry, a police-type whistle and jack
knife clipped to his life jacket.
Sleeping companion of every person
aboard is one-piece rubber suit which
covers man from head to toe, designed
to keep him afioat for days.
Dual-purpose guns are mounted bow
and stern, with 20-millimeter anti
aircraft guns spotted in between. Spe-
cial equipment provides for safe passage
over magnetic mines.
Except the guns. all protective devices
are operated by the 44-man merchant
crew, but the defense of ship and cargo
Is the direct responsibility of the Navy
guard. They stand regular watches, in
spect the cargo, assist in navigation and
communication. They don't intend to
take any gun from the Nazis.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-12-05
Conveys Go Through Now
Under Heavy Air Cover.
BY Charles A. Crunch,
Associated Press Stan Writer.


ALEXANDRIA, Egypt Delayed -
When the Mediterranean was declared
open to Allied merchant shipping after
the Axis forces were thrown off the
African shore in the late spring, I start
ed in convoy, nonstop, from New York
to Middle East.
The Roman claim to Mare Nostrum"
was wearing thin, indeed, and the haz-
ARCS of passage through Mussolini's
collapsed dream empire were esti-
mated to be less than the normal perils
of voyaging in wartime Now the At
lantic- Mediterranean run from New
York to Suez has its moments of peril,
but is relatively safe.
We left the United States before the
Sicilian campaign began, passed Sicily
during the hottest of the fighting there,
and reached our destination before the
surrender.
Phantom Submarines
We experienced alerts, phantom sub
marines-I suspect-and submarines
were sighted at times in both the At
lantic and Mediterranean. But not a
hostile aircraft was seen all the way
probably due to our heavy air cover all
along sea route of nearly 5000 miles.
Our merchant ship fired her guns in
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-12-05
Stand By for Fog!

Stand By for . Fog!
Then came the most welcome sound
I have ever heard. 1t was the dry, brit
tie voice of Capt. Norman Whitley, a
former Yorkshireman who served in the
British Royal Navy in the last war.
Gentlemen" he said, you'd better
study your emergency signals. Stand by
hfeboats to abandon ship is much the
same as the fog signal But not quite.
Good night, gentlemen."
Sheepishly, We trooped down below to
officers mess, and gulped scalding black
coffee while our hearts gradually sub
sided to about 900 beats minute.
Despite Berlin's boast of an all-de-
stroylng new secret weapon" that was
the lone alarm of the voyage and the
only incident except for one black, STAR
less night nearing our port of destina-
ton when ship in our CONVOY laden
with 5000 tons of TINT came swinging
across our port bow within 20 feet of a
collision
Another 10 feet" said Chief Enei-
neer Arthur of (Route /, box 49, Spring
Valley, N. Y, and I'd have zone swan
dive over the starboard rail-
Former Georgetown Tackle.
That drew grin from our chief gum
merry officer, 1t. Bill Bonner 1929 North
Fourth street,, Steubenville, Ohio. who
used to play tackle for Georgetown u.
and was assistant city solicitor.
You work the slide rule, chief" he
said. Me, I'm not going to bubble about
10 feet with 5000 tons of INT under
my nose. Another scramble like that and
I'm going to pretend I'm a porpoise."
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-12-05


a vsof
O
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1943-12-05

the bridge ladder cut into my bare feet,
drawing blood, but I don't remember
feeling pain.
Up on top, life jacketed figures were
moving like ghosts in the fog that swirled
clammly and densely around the bridge.
Muffled, excited voices shot barrage Of
questions.
Evening star., 1943-11-11
Discharged Soldiers
lose Social Security
Rights, Official Says

Men leaving the armed services
after 1s months in uniform have los,
the social security survivors insur.
ance protection for their children
for which they were taxed in civi
life, Evan Clague, director Of EN-.
ployment security Of the Socia
Security Board, told a discussion
group last night at the YWCA.
Mr.. Clague pointed out that Will.
servicemen still in uniform have thu
protection Of the pension system fol
their children. the fact that tn.
possibility Of war was not provided
for In the drafting of the Socia
Security Act leaves an inequity
when the fighting man returns tt
civil life.
There are several hundred thou
sand men in uniform whose insur-
ance is affected by this failure OF
the drafters of the act to make ar
exception in the case of war" Mr.
Clague said, "and the drafting OF
fathers will multiply this number.
War Victims Covered.
1T is not the family of the man
killed in war that suffers most. Hi
family gets a pension. 1t is the
family Of the man who dies shortly
after his discharge from the Army
His dependents should have at least
the minimum life insurance fol
which he was taxed before the wal
in the name of social security"
Benefits are paid to widows with
orphans after the death Of an en-
ploye covered by the act, he said
only when the employe has been
paying the tax for half of the three
year period before his death Thus
man who has been discharged
from the Army after 18 months OF
service. he explained, is not covered
by the insurance provisions. Even
If he should 60 back to work and
the tax on his pay be resumed, he
would not regain this insurance pro-
vision for his family until after 1e
months of steady employment.
Situation Brought to Fore.
Senator Vandenberg. Republican
of Michigan recently called this
situation to the attention Of the
Social Security Board, the speaker
Evening star., 1943-11-11
Rites for Col. Lawhon
10 Be Held Tomorrow

Funeral services for Col Zim E.
Lawhon, 50, who was on duty with
the general staff here before being
appointed commanding ofricer of
Camp Reynolds. Pa, last spring.
will be held at 2 pm. tomorrow at
the Fort Myer Chapel. Burial will
be in Arlington Cemetery.
Col. Lawhon, who died last Sun
day at Camp Reynolds, was a ma
tive Of Texas. He was appointed a
second lieutenant in 1917 and served
in France during the World War
with the field artillery. He was
senior military instructor at Prince
ton University before serving with
the general staff here. Col. Lawhon
was to have been nominated shortly
as brigadier general.
Surviving are his widow, Mrs.
Gertrude Lawhon, and a son, Mai.
Zim E. Lawhon, jr., Fort Sill, Okla.