davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-08-24
M'NuttASkS WOrkerShift

1943, and July, 1914. These men
and women will be drawn from
war-useful jobs as well as from
other occupations. At the same
time, as our commitments on the
battle fronts multiply, the war in
dustries are required to meet ris-
ing schedules of production. They
must replace the men drawn into
war service, replace those they
lose from accidents, normal
deaths, retirements and o t h r
kinds Of turnover, and add enough
skilled workers to assure that pro-
duction schedules are met within
specified periods"
McNutt urgeo, however, tn
workers not transfer from one war
useful job to another unless the
switch involves greater use of their
talents. For instance, he said,
laundry workers in war industry
areas where laundry help already
Continued on Page Two; Col. "
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-08-24
|ST. 0MER IS PAID
new ALLIED CALI
Railway Yards In France
Pounded For Fifth
Time In z Months

LONDON, Aug. 23-lR-Paying
their fifth visit to ST. Omer in two
months, American medium bomb
ers again blasted railway yards al
the town in occupied France to-
day in follow-up of an RAF bomb
ing of the Leverkusen chemical
works and other Rhineland centers
last night.
u. S. airmen first attacked the
freight yards at St. Omer, % miles
southeast of Calais, on June "a
Later they made thre attacks or
the German air fields there.
Off the Dutch coast, Spitfires at
tackled enemy shipping and Coastal
Command Beaufighters struck at a
small force of enemy escort yes
sells, the Air Minister announced
Beaufighters destroyed an enemy
bomber over the North Sea and
Spitfires shot down an enemy fight
er in a sweep over the Bethune
area in France.
'Uneventful sweeps were made
by Spitfires over northern France
and by U. S. Thunderbolts over
the Dutch coast this afternoon, the
Air Minister reported.
Two fighter planes were missing
after the days operations. on the
continent.
lie Berlin radio became silent
late tonight with the explanation
it was "for technical reasons, y
often an indication that night
bombers are attacking the Reich.
Hundreds of British h Wy
bombers made the attack upon
Leverkusen, breaking a weekend
lull.
Leverkusen, bombed for the first
time since 1910 when it was twice
visited, was the only specific tar,
get named in last nights missions.
The Air Ministry said five bomb
ers were lost. The German radio
said Dusseldorf was also attacked
Cloud formations hampered the
raid on the chemical works town,
six miles north of Cologne. But
crewmen said explosions and fires
developed. St. John Lynx of Can
ming, Nova Scotia, said two ex.
plosions "came up like red plumes
through the clouds at about $4,000
feet"
The German international infor-
nation bureau, in a broadcast re-
corded by the Associated Press,
said "Anglo-American air forma-
tons" had lost 81 bombers on the
Continued on Page Two; Col. u
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-08-24
FOE IS HAMMERED
Enormous Losses Reported
Inflicted On Germans
| Inside City
MORE VILLAGES TAKEN
Drive OF Soviets Continues
| Around Third Largest
| Red Metropolis
MORE VILLAGES TAKEN

LONDON, Tuesday, Aug,
24.-(P)-Victorious Russian
forces yesterday captured
Wit al Kharkov, streamed
through a major break in the
German Donets river front
almost 200 miles to the south,
and hammered the retreating
Nazis at both ends of the
southern salient today in a
drive to retake the industrial
river basin.
Moscow's midnight COM
munique said the Red army,
perhaps 100000 strong, broke
into the third largest of Rus
sian cities from the north,
east and west and inflicted
enormous losses on the en-
emy. The Russians contin-
ued to throw heavy blows at
the reeling Germans as they
fled the city.
Nazi forces west of Kharkov at
tempted to counterattack, the Rus
SLAMS said, but were repulsed with
1000 killed.
Fifteen more villages were re-
captured by Russian forces in ar
other sector of the Kharkov froIft,
said the communique, recorded by
the Soviet monitor.
Berlin acknowledged Kharkov's S
fall prior to a special Russian an
nouncement by Premier Marshal
Joseph Stain, but the Germans
said the city had been "evacuat-
ed' in an orderly retreat.
In the break on the Donets river
south of Izyum, the Russians said
their forces had smashed through
from 10 to % miles in three days
of savage fighting and had over
run 30 villages, including the rail-
way station of Donetsko-Amvrosi-
evka on the only rail connection
with German-held Taganrog fifty
miles below on the Sea of Azov.
In announcing Kharkov's cap
ture the Soviet war bulletin said:
To-day our troops, as the result
of violent engagements, b r k e
down enemy resistance and cap
tured the town of Kharkov by
storm.
1.-THE Soviet divisions broke into
Kharkov from the west, north and
east, and engaged in fierce street
fighting. Our assault detachments
drove the Germans from fortified
buildings and defense Notifications
and took complete possession OF
the town.
"The enemy sustained enormous
losses and is retreating under the
blows Of our troops. Large quanti-
(Continued on Page Six; Col. q
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-08-24
Salerno Is Drenched With Fire
By Day And Night Aerial Drive

tied when the night-bomber
Wellingtons of the Raj with
their lethal 4,000-pound block
busters scattered a new hOlO-
caust which blazed through the
rest of the night.
Accompanying these blows,
the RATS four-engined Liber-
ators and Halifaxes cracked
down on Crotone on the arch
of the Italian foot Saturday
night, setting other explosions
and fires which ragged near a
chemical factory and caused
other damage which could not
be accurately assessed because
Of low clouds.
But while bloody air battles
Of the last four days left no
doubt that German air forces
were garrisoning Italian air
bases to the north in strength,
there were indications that
Axis commanders were plan
ming to abandon the Italian toe.
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-08-24
ALLIES TIGHTEN
ALEUTlANS GRIP
Americans And Canadians
Occupy Other Islands
Near Kiska

WASHINGTON. Aug. 23.- R =
American and Canadian troops,
consolidating their conquest of the
Aleutian islands, are spreading ou'
from Kiska to islands adjacent te
that once strong enemy air ano
submarine base.
STRENGTHENING positions that ul.
timateiy will be the bases f o I
drives against Japan, the Allied
forces have landed on Segula, is.
land of about Is square miles,
some 20 miles east of Kiska.
A Navy communique reported
today that the landing was made
with no Japanese being found
Whether the Japanese ever had
forces on segula is not known here.
1t may have been an outpost for
the japanese before they fled from
Kiska. for it could well h e
served as a point for warnings to
the Kiska garrison of American
moves toward the island.
On Kiska itself the American
and Canadian troops are coltinu.
ing occupation of positions for
merly held by the Japanese, TAX
ing over and improving the in
stallations left by the enemy when
they fled shortly before Allied
troops landed a week ago.
Indications continued to be IN
covered of hasty evacuation. On
the marine railway at the Japa.
nese-constructed submarine base,
three midget submarines were
found. There was evidence of eff
forts, only partially successful, te
destroy them with demolition
bombs.
Ultimately, that submarine base
as well as the japanese built
airfield on Kiska will be turned
against the enemy, used as step.
CONTINUED on Page Two; Col 81
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-08-24

The Board of Education began
Monday to occupy the four rooms
of, it's newly renovated quarters
across the hall from its old loca-
ton in the county courthouse.
eve will be glad to get settled
in out new home. We need the
increased space desperately, "
Superintendent H. M. Roland COM
mented.
The location was vacated ap-
proximately two months ago when
the city-county health department
moved to its new building on
Fourth street. Painters and car
penters have been busy at the
site ever since.
Mr.. Roland will maintain prl-
vate office, large enough for ac-
commodation of school board
members in their periodic meet
ings. There will be large rec
ords office, where the supervisor
of textbooks, the pay roll clerk,
and Mr.. Roland's secretary Will
work. In the third large room
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-08-24
Plans 70 Defeat Japanese Are Laid
At osevelt- Churchill Conference;
RI fan Army Streams Into Kharkov
Winston Churchill Was
Close To Death During
London Raids Of 1910

QUEBEC, Aug. 20, - Up -
winston Chur chill narrowly es-
caped being killed during the
London blitz of November,
1870, it was disclosed today.
The British prime minister
Was dining at No. 10 Downing
street, his official London
residence, with Sir Archibald
Sinclair, British minister for
air, and Brenden Bracken,
minister of information.
A bomb fell on the Treasury
building next door, demolish-
ing it and killing IL people.
The dining-room chandelier
at 10 Downing street plopped
right into the center of the
prime minister's table, but no
one was hurt.
Churchill insisted that his
loyal cook go down into the air
raid shelter but she refused to
go without bringing the party
its coffee.
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-08-24
City Financial Condition
NearPre-DepressionMark

During the three years from
1880 to 1888, the value of rea.
estate declined from 43,959, 48;
to $35, ,764, ,546, and, by 1885, te
| $35, ,599,571. Last year, the valua
tion was up to $38, 8,279,4
The tax rate remained at $1.2(
until June, 1882. 1t jumped te
$3.50, then dropped to $1.4O in
1886 and remained at that figure
until 1941 when it was raised again
to $1.50, cut to $1.40 last year
and to $1.35 this year.
Municipal bonded indebtedness
showed a slow decline during the
depression from 3,222,700 in 1890
to $2,815, 500 in 1941. Bond issues
to finance the city's waterworks
improvement program, undertak-
en- with the financial aid of the
Federal Works agency, have
boosted the indebtedness figure
back to $3,41O,500 at present.
The uncollected tax figures
show a climb OF from $257, l0l in
1880 to $3.50, 1896, the highest
figure they reached during the
depression.
Sinking fund assets, down to
$31, ,261.59 in 1881, climbed to $54,-
233.2S in 1885, to $92, ,674.S4 in 1899,
to 1921, ,232.71 in 1912 and to the
present $519,817.16.
When coupled with the 100000
postwar fund set up by the coun-
Gil last year, the 13-year record
furnishes support for the recent
statement of city officials:
''The city is in the best finan-
cial condition yet in many years"
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-08-24

WASHINGTON, Aug. %. Up =
Manpower Chairman Paul ". Nc
Mutt called today tor 100000
workers to shift from non-essen-
tial to ''war usefur' jobs between
now and July of next year.
He said in a statement. that g.
100000 are needed before N e w
Years, and appealed for persons
in doubt about the war-usefulness
of their jobs to consult local Of
fees Of the United States Employ
ment Service.
Warnings have gone out previ-
ously to draft-age fathers to get
into essential work, but the new
statement invited movement of
workers from nonessential activi-
ties regardless of whether or not
they are liable to the draft.
1T is easy to see," McNutt said,
why such large-scale transfers
must take place. The military
services plan to expand from g.
300, 1000 to 11,300,0 900 between July,
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-08-24
CHINESE CAPITAL
HAS AIR ATTACK
Japs Approach Chungking
For First Time In
Nearly z Years

CHUNGKING, Aug. 23.-lREFor
the first time in two years Japa-
nese bombers approached this cap
ital of free China today, but ap-
parently failed to break through
the city's defenses.
Air warfare reached the high
est pitch in months, with Amerl-
can planes destroying or damag-
ing 81 Nipponese aircraft in a raid
on Hankow.
Two waves of Japanese planes
totaling more than go approached
this capital and also bombed Wan
hsien, Yangte river trading cen
ter 145 miles north of Chungking.
1t was late opening to the
Chungking areas bombing season,
which usually starts early in May.
The japanese planes which could
be seen from the capital were en-
gagged by Chinese fighters while
China's highly efficient air raid
warning system gave ample time
/<xl.J - Do~o Txvn. Cn1 ~
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-08-24

The City of Wilmington is def
nitely passing the corner which
prosperity was just around the
depression years of the 1905, a
survey of municipal financial re-
cords for the past 13 years reveal
ed Monday.
With two years of war-born pros
perity topping a slow rise to norm
al, the city's tax rate is beginning
to approach the 1880 figure, the
total value of real estate is rising
toward the pre-depression level
despite war restrictions on con-
struction, and the municipal sink
ing fund now has the greatest as
sets in the 13-year period.
In 1880, the real estate valuation
within the city limits was S43,9o9,-
1853. The tax rate was $l.2O per
hundred dollar valuation. Uncol-
lected taxes stood at $257, 101. The
bonded Indebtedness of the mun1cl-
pality was 1922, 700 while the
sinking fund contained only $751;
346 in assets.
Last month, the real estate valu-
alton, though not complete, was
estimated to be slightly under $685.
900, 900. The tax rate was $1.35 and
uncollected taxes were $511, ,58l. %
(as of June 80 and not including re-
ductions made by the delinquent
tax bureau, established last year,
since the annual audit has not been
comnleted. The bonded indebted
ness was $3,41O, 500, matched by
S519 BIT in sinking fund assets.
Figures for the intervening years
give an index to the financial
history for the past 13 years.
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-08-24
BRIGHT LEAF WEED
MARTS ARE READY
Eight OF Markets Report
Total OF 100000
Pounds On Floors

RALEIGH, Aug. 23.- @ With
eight of the IA new bright tobacco
belt markets reporting total OF
some 100000 pounds of leaf al
ready on the floor, indications
were tonight that opening d y
sales tomorrow will run close to
the 6,910,271 sold on the first day
of last season. @
Earlier reports tn t farmers
were holding back their tobacco,
pending conference in Washing
ton Wednesday between tobacco
officials of Virginia. North Caro-
lima and South Carolina and OPA
and Commodity Credit Corporation
representatives, seemed to be un-
founded.
Representative of the t h e
states will try to get the ceiling
of Al cents per pound raised to
AZ cents per pound.
Governor Broughton said today
that he thought 1--WE have a good
case" but he would not predict
the outcome of the conference.
He said that number OF state
farm leaders and officials would
attend the meeting. He said that
Governors Olin Johnson of South
Carolina and Colgate Darden OF
Virginia would be present for the
conference, as would congressman
from all three states.
Meanwhile, State Department OF
Agriculture officials reported that
tobacco was moving in fairly
wen'' to the new bright markets
and predicted fair sales" tomor-
row.
Prices were expected to aver
age we'll above the $36.94 set on
last years opening day. The av-
erage in 1941 was $27.75.
Five markets reported that a
million or more pounds already
was on the floors. Despite tn e
more than 8,OO0,0 900 pounds report
ed from eight markets, sales were
expected to be "blocked" and it
was indicated that floors would
not be cleared tomorrow. Sales
will be held to 800 piles per hour,
as they were last year, instead
of the normal 400 piles per hour.
The reports by markets:
Greenville - Approximately l.
500, 900 pounds on warehouse floors.
Offerings mostly lugs with sprin-
kings of tips and up stalk tobac-
CO. Quality fair, but better than
leaf offered on opening sale last
year. Some leaf weighing out light.
Wallace - Estimated 1000, 900
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-08-24

ALLIED HEADQUARTERS
IN NORTH AFRICA Aug. 3D.
R-Huge formations of day
and night bombers flattened
Salerno, south of Naples, yes
terday and last night in the
methodical Allied campaign to
smash vital communications
centers one by one, but met a
German resistance which rails
ed the air battle for Italy to
high intensity.
American Marauders with
ABS Invader escorts fought
their way through a swarm of
about 100 German and Italian
fighters and shot down 80 in a
blazing combat which marked
a new high in the gunnery
pr0wess of the twin-engined
bOmbers.
The fiery drenching from
this day assault left Saferno
flaming under a canopy Of
smoke which had not yet set
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-08-24
100000 Fathers Facing
Induction By January /

WASHINGTON, Aug 23-(P)-Draft Director Lewis
r. Hershey in the first official pronouncement of the
kind said today it probably would be necessary to nduct
prePear Harbor fathers by January in order to
meet quotas for the balance of this year.
The figure was given in letter sent to the $500 local
boards explaining why the ban drafting pre-Pearl Har-
hr fsers except those in nondeferabe work and there
fore subject to induction at any tme had been lifted eff
fetNe October l.
Sine he put the total number of draft age 18 through
81 fathers in agricultural work at 6559000 Hersheys
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-08-24
ANOTHER CRISIS
NEARING ON COAL
Government Heads For A
Showdown With John L.
Lewis Mine Men

WASHINGTON, Aug. %. -(P1-
The government headed toward a
showdown with John L. Lewis to-
day by returning the mines of
50 coal operators to them despite
Lewis stand that his. United Mine
Workers would stay on the job
until October 81 only as govern
ment employees.
The miners chieftain kept his
own counsel as to what he would
do. 'No comment" he told re-
porters.
The companies, operating scores
of mines and including some of
the larger producers in the in
dustry, are scattered throughout
10 coal producing states. Secre-
tary of Interior Ickes, as fuel
administration, took over about
$500 mines on May l. Five which
have no had contracts with the
UNIV and several holding agree
ments with the Progressive Mine
Workers (AFL) previously had
been turned back to the private
owners.
A spokesman for Ickes took the
attitude Of ''Wait and see what
happens when asked about
Lewis demand for government
operation Of the pits until October
81. Lewis made the stipulation
in sending the miners back to
work in June to end the third gen
eral coal strike. -
The instructions to work, Lewis
told the miners at that time, Twill
automatically terminate if govern
ment control is vacated prior to
October 81. =:
Since then, however, the situa-
ton has been altered by congress
sional enactment of the Connally-
Smith labor disputes act raising
statutory barriers against strikes
without notice and a formal secret
ballot.
Since then, also, Lewis has sign
ed an agreement with Illinois coal
producers and made known that
he considers it to be a model for
settling the soft coal wage dis
pute. The proposed contract, now
before the War Labor Board for
Continued on Page Six; Col. 81 %
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-08-24

Raj Kittyhawks and Ameri-
can Warhawks crisscrOssed the
area all day yesterday without
firing shot or dropping q
bomb for lack of enemy oppO-
sition and ground targets.
Salerno, so miles south of
Naples, is a main rail gate
way between northern and
southern Italy. Complete Sew
erance of the important electri-
fled railway through there
would force German army
commanders to route their
troop and supply trains far in
land and more than double the
length of their communication
lnies.
Obviously the German air
force had been ordered to stop
at all costs the tremendous
aerial campaign which in the
last four days had produced
(rnuf;nuod m Do uo Txun. FOL 4
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-08-24

figure showed approximately sew
en- out of 100 of them can expect
to be in uniform before this year
ends. Perhaps q out of 100 may
be sent to induction stations, how
ever.
Hershey said 907, 900 men would
have to be inducted between Oc-
tober l ana January ! to meet
estimated Army and Navy calls,
and that inductions from last July
| to October l would total 966, 1000,
making the aggregate of induc-
tons for the last half of this year
l,873,0O0.
From the 1860 900 non-fathers
in la on July /, he said, $4,000
should be qualified for induction
and another $4,000 can be OBJ
tanned among the nonfathers now
in 4-F and occupationally defer
red in the IA and 2-B classified.
tons, making i,427 ,O0O nonfathers
to meet calls for 1,S73,0O0 men.
The shortage Of 446,00 must bt
made up with fathers, Hershe,
said, adding these observations:
1--WE have 2,976,000 AIS. We art
constantly re-worKing that grour
and many are inducted every
month. The possibility of recov-
cry, however, from class 4-F is
not great in the light of present
4 physical standards of the Army
n and Navy.
4 Most of these men will remain
IN class 4-F until the present phys
lcal standards are changed by the
Army and Navy.
There are l,449,OOO deferred be-
cause of agricultural activities
These deferments have been made
pursuant to the act of Congress.
and while review of such defer.
ments may lead to the reclassifi.
cation of some individuals. it is
OBVIOUS that our deficit cannot be
met from those now deferred for
agricultural pursuits if food pro.
uuctlon is to be maintained.
those occupationally deferred
because of their work in the war
ellort total 1,373,oOO. Many of the
men 50 deferred must for the time
peng continue their work in the
guiding Of ships, tanks, guns and
panes' pl Many are highly skilled
ana irreplaceable in the present
t nshl labor market. Even if we
s LUX , all of them it is doubtful
%helner more than 6s5,ooo would
We actually available for military
NJ. Seivlce after physical examination.
t 4liiS number would do little more
Tldh I complete the calls through
January l, 1914.
on,.l It, therefore, appears that the
J-aS ina ia large deferred pool remain.
rS ed il from - which men can be call
,so - sue tae group of fathers, number
,ns s,s o!0'S'OOO. The fundamental is
fst1a g ~ not whether we are to draft
sidasss. sss but whether, in the con-
will i1I'slon OF the war effort we
n A. .al those men least valuable
" .l he war effort.
II Is clear that if a pre-Pearl
V0ohtlnued on Para rue. a., e,
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-08-24

Bv Eastern Standard Time)
Metenn!y U. S. Weather Bureau,
ending .Saslc data for the "a hours
''c p: NJ, yesterday.
p. m. "a Temperature
ninimunn eo 80 p. m, 7a. Maximum s6:
-ii %; mean n; normal W.
D. H.. 20 Humidity
' o. 7:30 p. m, rs. ,-
Tota, T.. Precipitation
, m,, M o0o I0G the the "a hours ending 7:sC
A68 in inchaac since the first of the month
=. From ., Tides For Today
., S. coa.ee me Tide Tables published by
o0ss' and Geodetic Survey,
Wilmington High Low
---------- 4:29A 11:41A
Aa'onAoro Inlet ';o5p ;o55. ..4o.
'2:24 a.! $40; sunset s:4s; moonrise
Cape Fssa snoonset 2:37 p.
On Non55eesaaf River stage at FAYETTEVILLE
S' at 8 a. M. $50 feet.
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-08-24
WEATHER

Warm. 1NoLlNA:Continued rather
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-08-24

CONTINUED on Page Two; Col. 4
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-08-24

Continued on Page Six; Col. ~