davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1943-09-22
Letters to the Editor
Better Deal for Chinese
Advocated by Reader.

Advocated by Reader.
To the Editor Of The Star:
Many Americans are anxious and will
ing to do all in their power to work for
international understanding and CO.
operation, but do not see how 1t Is to
be done. Good will itself is vague and
comes to nothing unless it Is put to use.
The Fulbright resolution has passed the
House. This is first step in the
direction Of our cooperation in inter-
national affairs. Let us be glad for it,
but let us not let it 60 at that There
will constantly be further specific steps
to be taken.
One Of these steps shortly to come up
for consideration is that of the repeal
of Chinese exclusion A great many
people favor this for it seems an obvious
gesture of good will and of fairness to
our Chinese allies On the other hand
many people simply do not know what
it involves.
1t is well known that all Orientals are
excluded from the United States as
permanent residents under the law
passed in 1924, but it is not we'll known
that because of older laws dating back
to 1880 we discriminate against the
Chinese in particular. These older laws
make it SO that Chinese visitors are not
admitted on Chinese passports as are
other Orientals but must have special
certificate from our Government.
Furthermore Chinese visitors are fire.
quently subjected to long questioning.
Chinese who are citizenS-ChineSe who
are born here-may not return to China,
marry and bring back wife. And
Chinese may enter the United States
only at certain specified ports.
In addition to this, Chinese not born
in the United States cannot become
citizens of our country except that under
a recent law those drafted through Sc
lective Service are allowed to apply for
citizenship on condition that they can
produce papers proving that they en-
tered the country legally.
We can work for three specific things
in this matter: % Repeal of the old
laws which discriminate especially
against the Chinese; 90 putting the
Chinese on quota basis-the same
basis which we apply to immigrants OF
European and other countries, which
would mean los Chinese could be ad-
mtted each year; 80 making the
Chinese eligible for naturalization as
citizens. Those born here are citizens.
Those admitted under a quota should
be allowed to become citizens after
passing the rigid immigration tests ap-
piled to others.
Japanese are using our special dis
elimination against Chinese as propa-
ganda from racial point. of view. Our
men are soon going to be pouring into
the Far East. AS a purely war measure
this action is only reasonable. AS a
gesture of friendlineSs to China it is
the least we can do. 1t is through
effort of this kind that we can help to
build that for which we fight and
work GRACE S. YAUKEY.
Evening star., 1943-09-22
@ STREET.

Dear Sir:
Il have watched people in public
places. recently, and have failed to find
any one reading. Does this mean a de-
cline in public reading? I have always
liked to read on buses and streetcars,
and used to see many people with books
and magazines. but recently have no.
ticed nothing but papers. l know the
war news is interesting. but the half
hour or so going and coming can be put
to book-readng, too.
Il watch the people, and all they do is
gawk around I do not see anything so
interesting about other people. I do not
see what they see in each other. I had
rather go back to some Of the old famous
books, or read some of the new ones.
Il wonder if people have the idea that
it is harmful to read in such a place.
That is all poppycock. I have read en-
route for years, and my eyes still test
1920. There is no possibility of harm
about it. In fact some specialists claim
that reading with a slight jogging is
good for the eyes.
Il find that the best way to read is to
hold the book slightly raised from the
lap, and bend the head down, if neces-
sary. There Is no fresh air, anyway.
With the head bent little, there is
less chance of taking in somebody's
sneeze
1T the book is held off the lap, the
arms and hands act as springs, and
more or less keep the type at constant
distance. 1t Is not the movement of
the page which is harmful but the con-
stant changing Of focus and if the focus
is kept the same, there is no harm in it.
Il find that half hour on a public
vehicle can get lot Of reading done. If
one is constant about 1t, and reads both
going and coming, each day. 1t is
amazing how much reading can be done,
If passenger Is consistent about it. I
hope you will advise your readers to
read more in public vehicles. The va
cant stare most of them wear is really
silly. I wonder, too, If it isn't more
harmful to the eyes than reading? There
is plenty of light, and no real reason for
any one just sitting there, gazing at
nothing at all, or the back of some ones
coat collar, when he might be reading
something great.
Sincerely, j. s."
4
Our correspondent fails to realize that
1t takes real will power to read on bus.
This is mostly due, we believe, to the
man who looks over your shoulder.
Reading in such places would be good.
and much more done, we feel sure if 1t
were not for the person who cannot help
reading over your shoulder.
Sure, we do it ourself!
Everybody does it. At times 1t seems
almost beyond human ability not to do it.
Perhaps the only way to break people
of this pernicious habit is for every one
to read.
Then, If all were reading, no one
Evening star., 1943-09-22
The Turning Point

he urnlng Point
The House of Representatives rose
to a great occasion yesterday in a
manner befltting the representatives
of a great people. It's fine display of
unity, it's abandonment of petty par
tisanship in overwhelming indorse-
ment of high principle made it's vote
on the Fulbright resolution shining
mark in our history and deserves the
grateful commentator Of every
thinking American.
The resolution on which this ac-
ton was taken is simple statement
that Congress favors the creation of
appropriate international machin-
cry with power adequate to establish
and to maintain a just and lasting
peace, and as favoring the participa-
ton by the United States therein,
through its constitutional processes"
But the significance of the House
action went far beyond these care
fully chosen words. That action
served to crystalline a growing senti-
ment among the vast majority Of
American people that we are done
with the blind isolation Of the preWar
decades; that we recognize our re-
sponsibility as Nation to maintain
the peace we are fighting for. This
responsibility requires active collab-
grafton with other nations of the
world, the details of which will be
passed upon by the people when they
become known.
The Congressional Record of Mon
day and Tuesday is filled with elo-
ouent expressions Of that thought.
AS clear and sincere as the resolution
itself was the epitome OF Represen-
tative Wadsworth of New York:
Our motives cannot be questioned.
We do not seek additional territory.
We do not contemplate aggression,
direct or indirect. We ourselves want
to be safe and happy. That is our
primary interest. Is it dangerous for
this country to collaborate with others
who want to be safe and happy? I
think not. I cannot vizualize any
surrender of essential sovereignty In
collaboration of that sort. I know
that If we do not collaborate-yes,
indeed I know that if we do not lead
there can be little hope that decent
people the world over may live in
peace Somebody may say that it Is
wiser for us to set ourselves aside and
watch the procession go by. I am
wondering If We would then be safe
and happy. = We do not have to
take the commands of foreign govern
ments = We will be the masters
of our own destiny. If we are not
competent to pass judgment upon
what is appropriate, then We are not
competent to live as nation. have
faith in the American people to see
these things sensibly.
The House Foreign Affairs Com
mittee does not enjoy the important
prestige, under constitutional proc
esses involving foreign relations, that
is identified with the Senate Com
mittee on Foreign Relations. But in
initiating this resolution, the wise
craftsmanship of the House commit
tee members, the patient guidance of
Chairman Bloom and the House
leadership on both sides of the aisle
have given the committee a prestige
in it's own right. The Endorsement
of Mr.. Fulbright's resolution is a
compliment to the committee as well
as superlatively important express
sion from the representatives of the
people
Evening star., 1943-09-22

accompanied by continued emphasis
on the benefits Of the vocational
courses now offered in the public
schools, which have been too little
patronized at a time when they are
more valuable than in the past.
For the boys in the senior high
schools, especially, every encourage
ment should be given to complete
their courses. Within another year
most of them will be of military age
This year may be, for the majority
of them, final opportunity at for
NAL education. They will help them
selves by taking advantage of it.
Evening star., 1943-09-22
Bureaucratic Government Held
Threat to Liberty.

To the Editor of The Star:
September II marked the anniversary
of the adoption of the Constitution.
That document was the outcome of the
principle set forth in the Declaration of
Independence That to secure these
rights (the unalienable rights with which
men are endowed by their CREATOR
governments are instituted among men,
deriving their Just powers from the
consent Of the governed: that whenever
Evening star., 1943-09-22
The Marshall Rumors

The variety of rumors that have
grown up around the original report
that General George C. Marshall was
to be relieved as Chief of Staff and
assigned to a troop command is little
short of amazing.
At one extreme is the wholly un-
substantiated story that General
Marshall is being kicked upstairs
because the British do not like him
as American Chief of Staff. And at
the other is the Associated Press re-
port that General Marshall is ten
tatively slated to become virtual
'generaissimo of Anglo American
land, sea and air forces in all thea
ters of combat-the most important
military post of this or any other
war. In between are range OF
theories adaptable to almost any
point of view, and at bottom, curl
ously enough, is the rather extraordl-
nary fact that no one outside the
immediate high command knows for
certain whether any change at all
has even been in contemplation.
In the light of all available evil
dence, however, it seems probable
that some change in General Mar
shall's status is being planned, II 1t
has not already been decided upon.
The story that he is being leased OUT
to please the British, in the absence
of clear proof, seems unworthy OF be-
lief. If the Associated Press is correct,
1t is not reasonable on the face of the
matter to suppose that the British
would want to have General Marshall
ousted as Chief Of staff only to be-
come commander of their own, as
we'll as the American, forces. Nor Is
this story in harmony with the record
of the Presidents conduct OF this
war. If he has been satisfied with
General Marshall as Chief of Staff,
and everything indicates that this is
the case, Mr.. Roosevelt is not the
sort of man to remove his own Chief
of Staff to please the British or any
one else.
On the other hand, it is quite pos
sible that General Marshall is to be
moved into a post which Mr.. Roose-
welt regards as more important than
Chief of Staff, and in which the gen.
erals outstanding military talents
could be put to greater use. General
Marshall told the American Legion
yesterday that great offensiVes are
lust about to begin in Asia and in
Europe In his address to the House
of Commons Mr.. Churchill implied
that the day of the mass invasion OF
Europe from the west is close at
hand.
These developments, with other
things, point to the conclusion that
the Allies are almost ready to launch
their supreme effort of the war on
both sides of the world And it would
not be possible to find better man,
anywhere, than General Marshall to
be in direct command Of that effort.
Certainly. if he is to be given such
an assignment, no reasonable person
would lift a voice in protest against
his replacement as Chief Of Staff.
Thus, assuming that there is to be
change, the real cause OF the
apprehension in Congress and
throughout the country results from
the lack of any authoritative state
ment as to the precise nature OF
General Marshall'S S new undertaking.
This uncertainty is not conducive to
GOOD morale. and the sooner it is
cleared up the better it will be for
all concerned.
Evening star., 1943-09-22

Letters to the Editor must
bear the name and address of
the 1Driter, although the use of
a pseudonym for publication is
permissible. The Star reserUes
the right to edit all letters 1oith
Uie,U to condensation.
Evening star., 1943-09-22

The man who used to rob a poor
box or steal candy from a kid now
fails to cancel a Pullman reserva-
ton when he knows in time that he
cannot use It.
Evening star., 1943-09-22

G. What do the letters QST mean
in radio publication?-J. M. T.
A. The letters QST formerly stood
for the call letters of all radio stations.
They have been superseded by CO.
Evening star., 1943-09-22

Q. Please describe the semaphore
stick and flag as used in the Navy L.
A. The Navy Department says that
Semaphore stick is % inches long and
about ss of an inch in diameter The
flags are l8-by-l8 inches The coors are
the same as those used for the interna-
tional alphabet flags for the letters o
and P.
Evening star., 1943-09-22

Many readers send in questions to
the Information Burean signed only
,otth initials, asking that the an
s'cers appear in the newspaper. The
space is limited and ipould not ac-
comnodate fraction OF such re-
quests. Besides, many OF these ques-
tons are too personal to be OF GEN.
eral interest. Send your questions
to The Euening Star Information
Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin, Director.
Washington, d. c. Inclose stamp for
return postage.
Evening star., 1943-09-22

O. How long does it take to make a
watch of good quality?-E. B. j.
A. A period of about nine months is
required for the completion of teweled
watch.
Evening star., 1943-09-22

Q. How do flying fish f1y?-C. B. T,
A Some scientists claim that the fly
ing fish propel themselves by their big
front fins; others say that the fins act
only as flying planes and that it Is the
speed with which the fish shoot out of
the water that carries them along.
Evening star., 1943-09-22

Q. Are people of small stature being
used in war industries?-T. F.R.
A. Midgets are used In jobs where
space is limited. as in airplane manu-
facture to work inside fuselages and
other spots inaccessible to normal-sized
men.
Evening star., 1943-09-22

O. Is it true that the white peoples Of
the world are minority color groupp-
E. B.
A. According to recent estimate.
there are 870,000,000 persons OF the yell
low race, 827.2l5,000 members of the
white race, and 3o2, ,7s5, 900 of the black
race.
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1943-07-15
Local News OF
The Past Week
Teachers Appointed

Superintendent of Schools Benja-
min Willis announced last week that
IA elementary school teachers have
been appointed to teach in Wash
ington County Schools. There are
still two elementary and five high
school vacancies to be filed.
The teachers appointed, with the
school to which they will be as
signed are: Alma Moore, Boonsboro;
Virginia Lambros, Smithsburg;
Margaret Heck, Broadway; Martha
Cockerville, Dargon; Marietta
Ramsberg, Rohrersville; Est e r
Pike, Keedysvile; Beulah Walter,
Cascade; Anna Howard, townsville;
Betty Ridenour, Halfway; Margaret
Cline, Broadway; Josephine Reich
ard, Antietam; Mary Newcomer,
Washington street; Helen Coffman,
Washington street, and Catherine
Butts, Sandy Hook.
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1943-07-15
Test Blackout
Next Monday

A Statewide practice blackout
will be held next Monday, during
which an audible "all-clear" signal
"a steady Is second blast-on air
raid warning systems, will be given
a trial, w. Frank Roberts, chairman
of the Maryland Council of Defense,
announced Monday.
Mr.. Roberts pointed out that the
practice blackout on Monday even
ing, will follow the regular proceed
ure of all previous air raid tests, the
only change will be the sounding OF
an audible "all-clear" signal to ter
inmate the alert.
The first warning, or blue, will
continue as a steady, two minute
blowing of whistles or horns, indi-
eating enemy planes are nearing the
area. During this period all homes
and buildings blackout. Pedestrians
and vehicular traffic continue to
move, as prescribed in the regula-
tions.
The second warning, or red, indi-
eating the area is in imminent dan
ger of attack from the air, will con-
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1943-07-15

Captain Smith quickly gave Or
ders to fight the blaze and fire the
distress signal flares. AS the ship
listed heavily to starboard, and the
terrific noise of shifting debris
and crashing girders. mingled with
the cries of the wounded, he re-
assured his men, and by his cool,
forceful manner averted a posi-
bic panic, at the same time inspir-
ing them to renew their efforts in
evacuating the wounded When
the last of the injured has been
rescued, Captain Smith continued
to encourage his men as he or
dered them over the side. By his
great courage and outstanding
leadership in an extremely dan
gerous situation, he gave conf
dence and hope to his men and
undoubtedly saved the lives Of
many who otherwise would have
persisted"
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1943-07-15
Captain Smith Wins
Silver Star Medal

The Secretary of the Navy has
awarded the Silver Star Medal to
Captain Robert McLanahan Smith,
United States Navy, for exceptional
gallantry while in command of the
u. S. S. Joseph Hewes when that
vessel was attacked by enemy forces
in the Atlantic in Member, 1912.
The U. S. S. Joseph Hewes, a
naval transport, was sunk off Rabat
during the early part of November,
1912, as a result of enemy subma-
rine torpedoes during the occupa-
ton of North Africa by u. S. forces
The loss was announced in the Navy
Department Communique No. 209.
Captain Smith, AZ, is listed as
missing in action. His wife, Mrs.
Helen Mason Smith, lives at 228
Prospect St
His citation reads:
For conspicuous gallantry and
intrepidity in action while in
command of the u. S. S. Joseph
Hewes when that vessel was at
tackled by enemy forces in the
Atlantic Area. When a hostile
torpedo blasted his ship, starting
fires and flooding the forecastle,
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1943-07-15

tinue as a series of short staccato
blasts on the warning system. All
traffic stops on this warning and
pedestrians take. shelter.
After imminent danger has passed
a blue signal always follows a red,
continuing civilian defense forces on
the alert; home and buildings re-
main BACKED out but traffic re-
sumes.
The audible "all-clear" of fifteen
seconds. which will be tested Mon
day evening, will signal that all
danger has passed, ending the alert.
If the audible 'all-clear" trial
proves successful it will be consid-
cred for official adoption by State
Civilian Defense authorities, Mr..
Roberts added.
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1943-07-15
Construction Men
Are Wanted

The Office of the District Engineer
announces that Capt. Frederick F.
Clafiin will be in Hagerstown in
Room 202 at the Post Office Build
ing on Monday and Tuesday, July
18th and 10th, for the purpose Of
interviewing men engaged in con-
struction work who are interested in
volunteering their services in the
Army of the United States. It will
be possible at this time to secure
assignments in the Corps of Engi-
neers in the trade followed by the
indidivual, this assures more rapid
advancement and at the same time
better utilization of ability by the
Army.
This opportunity should be espe-
cially welcomed by men in IA
classification since they win be able
to control to some extent their ca
reer in the Army.
Don't forget, if you are a con-
struction worker, or skilled in any
trade, it will be to your advantage
to drop in on Monday or Tuesday,
July 18th or 10th, and get particu-
lars. Ages 18 to SO by voluntary IN
duction, $3.50 by enlistment
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1943-07-15
p. E. News Wins Award

Potomac Edison News" employee
publication of the local public util-
ity company, was selected as the
best employee newspaper published
by any of the smaller utilities in
the Middle Atlantic Region" which
includes Maryland, Pennsylvania,
Delaware, New Jersey, New York
and the District of Columbia, at a
recent conference of the Public
Utilities Advertising Association,
held in Chicago.
Henry Holzapfel, Jr, is editor of
the News" and M G. Kaetzel is
associate editor.
The company was further honored
at the conference by the presenta-
ton of an award for having pro-
duced the best series of Residential
Bill Enclosures" of any utility conf
pany in the nation, regardless of size
or location.
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1943-07-15
Mrs. Rose K. Bowers Rounds Out Is Years
AS Secretary To County Agent Here

agent, and she has been on the job
ever since. Following the resigna-
ton of Mr. Smith, Mrs. Bowers be-
came secretary TO the late Stanley
Day, who succeeded him, and con-
tinued in that office when the pres
ent agent, Mark Miller, was APP
pointed.
Known to and loved by hundreds
of local and county families, Mrs.
Bowers, in spite of the many head
aches that come to the secretary of
a county agent during a global war,
with all its restrictions, still man
ages to keep that happy smiling dis
position for which she is known
from one end of the county to the
other 1--WE tried our best to get her
to flash that smile for this picture,
but she just wouldn't do it, and in
spite of her many duties as secre-
tary to Mr. Miller, she still finds
time to also act as secretary to Miss
Ardath Martin, county home dem
onstration agent.
Congratulations, Mrs. Bowers, on
your quarter of century of service
to your community and may your
happy smiling face, for many years
to come, continue to greet the many
who come to your office for advice
and information.
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1943-07-15
Slash In "T7 Gas Rations Is
ODT Order.

Maryland War Price and Ration
ing Boards have been ordered by
the Office Of Defense Transportation
to put into effect 40 per cent cut
in commercial gasoline rations when
users apply for new T rations, be-
ginning last Saturday. The order
implements the cut ordered July
and effected through July % by re-
curing users to Stretch out" their
rations for an additional % days
without being issued new rations.
The 40 per cent cut will be in effect
between July 26 and October 1.
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1943-07-15
Giant IT, S. elders Garry Troops and Freight

SKY SWIMMERS ~ Flying
freight cars" that drop out Of
the clouds and can land practically
anywhere, are now being built in
large numbers for U. s. Army
Air Forces. elders are towed by
bombers as shown on the right.
They carry a ieep, field artillery or
10 air borne troops, moving men
and materiel to otherwise mac
cessible areas, under fighter pro-
lection, and go into action almost
instantly. elders are far cheaper
TO build and easier to maintain than
The cheapest plane.
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1943-07-15
First Woman Foreman

Mrs. Hattie Ardinger of Williams
port, whose husband is a member of
the Armed Forces, has been named
foreman.ef Fairchild's censral stores
at Plant 10, replacing Arthur Rhein-
hart, who has been named general
foreman of all stores.
Mrs. Ardinger, the first woman
foreman appointed by the local
Fairchild Aircraft Division, is an
other proof that women in war work
are vital cog in this job of turning
out the material for our fighting
forces.
The globe-independent. (Hagerstown, Md.) 1943-19??, 1943-07-15

On July l, Mrs. Rose Knepper
Bowers began her twenty-sixth year
as secretary to the County Agent
and the occasion was marked by a
jolly little celebration down at her
office in the old Post Office building
on Summit Avenue.
Twenty-Five years ago, Miss Rose
Knepper (she later became Mrs.
Lewis l.. Bowers) was appointed