davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1943-08-16

u uC llO AOl Con1Santtne brown.
NAL invitation was extended to
Moscow to be represented at
Quebec, several pressing advances
were made to Stain to meet the
heads Of the British and Ameri-
can governments anywhere he
desired.
The slightest hint from him
that he would be disposed to see
them or send q high-ranking rep
resentative would have been ac-
cepted with eagerness by Wash
ington and London.
The description of the Quebec
meeting as a purely military af-
fair is only technically correct.
Whenever Mr.. Roosevelt or Mr..
Churchill get together, political
discussions cannot be avoided.
According to those close,to the
two leaders, they were convinced
that strategy and politics are
closely interlinked.
Strenuous Efforts Made.
Because Of the overwhelming
role Russia is playing in the war
and the powerful influence she is
bound to exercise in Europe and
Asia after the war, the American
and the British governments have
made strenuous efforts to obtain
her participation In all their
strategic discussions and postwar
plannings.
But with the exception Of a
visit to Washington and London
by Foreign Commissar Molotof1,
we have never been able to In
duce the head of the Soviet Re-
publics to send high-ranking
of1cer to attend our staff meet
ings, or what would have been
far more preferable, to sit with
the British and American ON
GERS at the consultations Of the
joint chiefs Of staff.
It Is true that Russia Is not
involved In q war against Japan.
This would make 1t difncult, it is
admitted, for a Russian field
marshal to be In Washington
permanently. But the Amer
lean and British governments
would have been glad to label
certain Of their meetings as deal
ing exclusively with the Euro
pean theater Of operations and
thus make 1t possible for the
Russians to attend.
Every conceivable effort has
been made to bring about a
meeting between President
Roosevelt and Premier Stain. A
cordial invitation was extended
Evening star., 1943-08-16
Greek Premier Denies
Allies Will Rule Homeland

By the Associated Press.
CAIRO, Aug. 16.-An authorita-
tive denial that either a British or
American body would administer
postwar Greece until the Greek
elections, scheduled to be held six
months after return OF the exiled
Greek government to its homeland,
was given yesterday by Greek Pre-
mier Emmanuel Tsouderos.
"As soon as military operations
are over in Greece" Tsouderos said,
the country will naturally be ad-
ministered by the Greek govern
ment, as the King stated in his July
message. We need not heed Axis
broadcasts that British civil serv-
ants will administer Greece while
the Greeks go jobless."
For the future, Greece has no
territorial claims against Yugo-
slavia, Tsouderos said.
Evening star., 1943-08-16
New Red Cross Area
Created for Southern States

Creation Of new Red Gross area,
with headquarters in Atlanta, to
serve eight Southern States was an
nounced yesterday by Red Cross
Chairman Norman H. Davis.
Manager Of the new area, where
a great many servicemen are sta
toned, will be Nat c. Wilson, who
has served as assistant manager in
charge OF chapter service in the
Eastern area. A graduate Of George
Washington University, Mr.. Wilson
joined the Red Cross national staff
in 1881. He headed relief work In
Spain In 1941.
Ramone S. Eaton, who has been
administrative assistant manager Of
the North Atlantic area, was ap-
pointed manager OF the Eastern
area. Also a graduate Of George
Washington University, he will take
the place Of William G. Hunt, Alex
andria, who was chosen as admin
istrator Of area services, having
charge Of the Eastern and South
eastern areas. Mr.. Hunt will be
stationed In Washington.
Evening star., 1943-08-16

publication may postpone it while
but, in the opinion of many. the
step has been determined on by Mr.
Roosevelt and is delayed only until
it can be taken with dignity. This
will not disguise from those who
know the facts that it is forced
resignation.
The history of the Roosevelt Hull
Welles relationship constitutes an
extraordinary record. If now 1t ends
with the passing of Mr.. Welles to
some other sphere, quiet triumph
will be registered for Mr.. Hula
triumph free from turbulence or
gloating, triumph In which the
amenities will be fully preserved,
with no signs Of the bitter struggle
underneath-but triumph none
the less.
The big, basic fact back of this
whole business Is that Mr.. Welles
was not made Undersecretary of
State by Mr.. Hull. Mr.. Hull knew
him but slightly and never would
have chosen him. He was named
by Mr.. Roosevelt without sugges-
tion from Mr.. Hull.
Close to President.
Mr.. Welles is close personal
friend of the Presidents. They were
boys together, schoolmates, socially
OF the same class, personally of the
same type, intimate family friends
and congenial. Under the circum-
stances, as Undersecretary of State,
Mr.. Welles' personal loyalty was to
the President, not to his immediate
chief. Under the circumstances, too,
the President dealt more intimately
with Mr.. Welles than he did with
Mr.. Hull.
Everybody in the administration
knew that Mr.. Welles was closer to
the President than was Mr.. Hull;
that the President enjoyed talking
to the former more than to the
latter; that there was disposition
on the part of Mr.. Roosevelt and Mr..
Welles to regard ldr. Hull as a man
who could be detoured with i'm
punity.
The natural result Of all this was
to split the State Department into
factions, create feuds and confuse
its administrative functions. Others
Evening star., 1943-08-16

surrender" as unequivocal as
surance that we would fight to
the complete destruction of the
German and italian armies.
But this phrase was. and is,
meaningless as a description of
political war aims. 1t left the
future constellation of Europe,
occupied and enemy. completely
unclarified. It was a bad slogan
from the viewpoint of bringing
political pressures upon popular
and war-weary forces in enemy
countries. And it was a pledge
made without Russia. It was,
in fact, repetition of the Neville
Chamberlain pledge to Poland,
which, in effect guaranteed the
Russian frontiers without COM
mitting the Russians.
1t was politically unwise. In no
coalition should one group bind
itself inelastically unless all are
prepared to do so.
Slogan Proved Dubious.
The military speculation has
been proved incorrect. Russia
is stronger and Germany weaker
than we expected. Politically
the slogan has been proved dubi-
Gus. We do not know how to
use it in dealing with Italy. AS
long as it exists we cannot deal
with any popular patriotic forces
In enemy countries. 1t puts us In
complete dilemma in the face of
the Milan and Turin manifestos
OF Italian liberals, and of the
manifesto of Free Germans is
sued from Moscow.
The possibility of the Casa
blanca policy rested on, and still
rests on, the possibility of our
opening a large-scale front in
Europe, in conjunction with a
successful Russian offensive. 1t
also rested on, and still rests on,
Germany maintaining her policy
OF defeating Russia or at least
holding what she has conquered.
But that policy was always
opposed by the best military
theoreticians of the German
Army. who were overruled by
Hitler. If 1t is true, that the
army has finally taken over the
whole leadership of Germany,
reducing Hitler to a mere figure
head, than we can count on the
fact that the Germans are going
to retreat-possibly entirely out
of Russia.
IT we assume that Russia may,
this year, hberate her soil before
there is an Anglo-American army
IN the European mainland, for
what possible reason should Rus
sia continue an active offensive?
We are against establishing
any kind of Russian influence
over Western European policies,
in spite Of the fact that Russia
has made great concessions in
this matter. AS far as Germany
is concerned-a country with a
border on Russia-we are pro.
posing in the Amgot an Anglo
American military and civil gov
eminent Of it, proposition for
which Russia could not possibly
sacrifice another million men.
Therefore, Mr.. Churchill and
Mr.. Roosevelt must be recon-
sidering Casablanca. For the
speculations that prompted the
policy formulated there have
turned out to be mere specula-
tions, and not founded, either in
clear political aims, or in SUM-
ciently thoughtful analysis Of
the whole situation.
tReleased By the Bell Syndicate, Inc)
Evening star., 1943-08-16

announced the appearance in action
OF the Yak-1, fighter with a 90
nm. cannon and two 7.6-mm. ma
chine guns; a Lagos fighter, IL-2
Stormovik attack bomber and PE-S
twin-engined dive-bomber.
Red Star said these were superior
to enemy planes in both speed and
armament.
The Communist Party newspaper
Pravda said the Red Air Force
had destroyed 2,439 enemy planes
IN the first month Of the summers
major fighting.
Evening star., 1943-08-16
The Great Game of Politics.

Of Mr.. Hulls assistants were selected
by Mr.. Roosevelt and Mr.. Welles.
Some he was permitted to select
himself.
Split Widens.
Mr.. Hull knew that Mr.. Welles
went over his head to the President.
But no trace of resentment was ever
publicly shown He knew, too, that
Mr.. Welles was consulted by the
President on matters of foreign
policy of which he was informed
later.
Inevitably, the split in the de-
partment widened and deepened.
Mr.. Hull was subjected to a ceaseless
sniping upon the part Of admins
tration radicals, who, with some
cause. felt that he was not a New
Dealer at heart.
But, patient, Uncontrolled and
answering, Mr.. Hull attended to
his own business, remained loyal to
the President and without effort or
planned publicity easily became the
outstanding member of the cabinet.
After our African expedition, the
attacks on Mr.. Hull were accentu-
ated and the bitterness within the
department intensified. Things were
Enthusiastically in bad shape and
it was clear that no coherent and
effective foreign policy could be
evolved under such conditions. Re-
cent development made it certain
that Congressional investigation
would be instigated.
Hull Stands Too High.
Mr.. Hull issued statement say
ing that he would be glad TO de-
fend the conduct of his office before
any tribunal. Thus, showdown
seems sure. AS it is viewed now, the
President must move to straighten
out mess for which he is pri-
marily responsible.
Either he has to ask Mr.. Hull to
resign and put Mr.. Welles in
charge; or he has to get rid Of Mr..
Welles and give Mr.. Hull a chance
to restore order, harmony and ef-
fectiveness by naming an Under
secretary who will be loyal to him.
Not many doubt that Mr.. Roose-
velt would prefer Mr.. Welles to Mr..
Hull. He likes Mr.. Hull personally
less than he likes Mr.. Welles,
though. to the ordinary men know
Ing them both, it would seem far
easier to like Mr.. Hull than to like
Mr.. Welles. But, the truth is, the
President does not dare get rid of
Mr.. Hull.
Mr.. Hull stands too well In the
world, too we'll in the country and
too we'll in Congress. He has greater
assets of personal following, politi-
cal strength and established repu-
tation than all the other members
Of the Roosevelt cabinet combined.
When, finally, Mr.. Roosevelt has to
choose between Mr.. Hull and Mr..
Welles he will choose Mr.. Hull. He
cannot face the reaction that would
follow the other choice. But, it is
a choice he hates to make-and
will put of as long as he can.
Evening star., 1943-08-16

far more critical circumstances.
In a war of coalition the
strongest tie is acute common
danger. 1t is when the danger
begins to diminish that the real
problems Of the coalition become
obvious.
Those who are somewhat IA
miliar with the history of coali-
tions have been asking for over a
year for the creation of real
Anglo American Russian alli-
ance, while all three members
were in equally great danger. But
our leadership decided to post
pone this step. For such an al
lance would have involved, first,
military agreement and, second,
political agreement.
In favor of postponement was,
I believe, a certain speculation,
namely, that the military and
political position of the Western
Allies was and would be superior
to that Of Russia.
If it should turn out that way,
the policy would be ratified by
history and reality.
But 1t was always amazing
that so much confidence was put
in this speculation. From the
beginning there have been many
indications to cast doubts upon
the validity of this theory. Now,
In this moment, the military and
political alternatives are In the
foreground, and the question,
therefore, is whether Mr.. Roose-
velt and Mr.. Churchill will cling
to the policy formulated at Casa
blanca or will revise it.
Slow War Was In Prospect.
The military concept at Casa
blanca was obviously that of a
slow war-to be won In Europe
in 1914 or As at the earliest.
There was assurance that the
Russians would hold out, while
we established our bridgeheads.
The meeting was In January
when the Russians were closing
In on the Germans at Stalingrad
but had not yet quite trapped
the Nazi forces there, and at the
moment the very few military
critics who foresaw a sweeping
Russian movement to and
through the old German defense
lines, were considered over-opti-
mistic.
Furthermore, the expectations
were for another more or less
successful German offensive this
summer.
As encouragement to Russia,
which was suffering terrible
casualties, and calling for a Sec
ond front to divert 40 to so Ger
man divisions, our leaders formu-
lated the slogan unconditional
Evening star., 1943-08-16

conferen c e S
a n y m or
t h an tn ey
were respon-
sible for the
fact that Pre-
mier Stain
or some high
ranking So
Wet omcial
did not at
tend the Ca
sa h an T.
meeting.
While 1t Is
Evening star., 1943-08-16

my mind.
Today I was
struck with the
thought that the
four freedoms
are not enough.
T here are .
thou san d and
one little free
donas that need
to b taken care
Of.
w h en- the
President an d
Mr., Churc hill
~A% nn fhA Az.
Evening star., 1943-08-16
New Soviet Plane Models
Disclosed on Aviation Day

By the Associated Press.
MOSCOW, Aug. 16-The Soviet
Union observed Aviation Day yes
terday through press disclosure of
the advent of new models of Rus
sian planes, and articles reporting
the Red Air Force held a mounting
superiority oversthe Germans.
The army neWspaper Red Star
Evening star., 1943-08-16

to him to attend the Casablanca
meeting. In fact. the conference
was held In that city only after
Moscow turned down our invita-
ton.
Since that time there have
been several attempts to tn
duce Stain to meet President
Roosevelt, who Is very anxious
to have . heart-to-heart talk
with the shrewdest statesman In
Europe. But the usual excuse
that, Stain. Is commander-in-
chief Of the Russian armies,
cannot leave his post was given
every time.
Distances no longer form an
obstacle when there Is . ques-
ton Of transacting important
business.
Sounded Out Several Times.
Mr.. Roosevelt is said to have
been most willing to accept an
invitation from Stain and pay
call in Moscow or any other
Russian city. But there has
never been even q hint that his
presence on Russian soil was
desired.
Stain has been sounded out
on several occasions in the last
few weeks and the answer has
been the same-the Russian ar
mics are now fighting their most
important battles against the
Nazis and neither Stain nor any
Of his field marshals can be
spared from their duties.
Not even Molotoff was avail
able. His work In Moscow ap-
parently is more exhausting and
complex than those OF Secretary
Hull and Foreign Secretary Eden
70 permit him to leave his desk
even for q short time.
Our military men would be
delighted to know even as little
as 10 per cent about Russia as
the Russians know about our
military and political strategy.
AS soon as a conference is ended
and final decisions are decided
on, a special messenger is dis
patched to Moscow to give Stain
the minutes of our conferences.
Knows Strategy, Strength.
This occurred after Casa
blanca and after the May meet
ing in Washington Of the joint
chiefs Of staff. Stain has an
intimate knowledge not only Of
our strategy but also Of our
strength In the various theaters
Of operations, as well as plans
for the disposition Of our forces
in the immediate and distant
future.
He and his general sta1 do
not have to guess what the Allies
will do next, as is the case with
the British and American chiefs
or STATS In regard to Russia.
AS In the past 1t is certain
that as soon as the Quebec meet
ing ends q complete report will
be submitted to Stain so that
he will know, months ahead Of
time, what our next military
moves will be.
Furthermore, he has a stand
ing invitation either to come to
this country to meet Mr.. Roose-
welt or designate any other place
on the globe for q get-together.
Evening star., 1943-08-16

he President
necessitating his
retirement as
U n d ersecretary
of State. For a
long time, the
strained rela-
tions between
Mr.. Welles and
Secretary Cor
dell Hull have
indicated tn e
Welles retire.
ment as desir-
able.
pr a -, a : wv
Evening star., 1943-08-16

Ov cr t h 9
week end the
American peo-
pie were told
that fat h e r S
would be drafted
unless they left
certain Jobs and
took others. No
such power was
ever granted by
Congress. N or
has G o n & r e SIS
ever sanctioned
q system OF in
Evening star., 1943-08-16

point h e y
m e e t under
far more fav-
orable cir
c u m stances.
for our ar
mics. are ad-
vancing, and
on no fronts
is the AXIS
scoring sue
cesses.
From an
other view-
poll mt they
paaof ,1nder =
Evening star., 1943-08-16

HE opinions OF the ariters this their not
necessarily The Stars Such opinions presented in The
Stars effort to giue all sides of questions interest to its
readers although such opinions be contradictory
themselves and directly opposed to The Stars.
Evening star., 1943-08-16
By FRANK r. KENT.

Despite qualified denials, OBJ
viously, there is some truth in the
printed reports that Sumner Welles
will soon be given an assignment by
Evening star., 1943-08-16
This Changing World
Nv CONSTANTINE npOw>

BY CONSTANTINE BROWN.
The American and British gov-
ernments cannot be held respon-
sible for the absence of Russian
representation from the Quebec
Evening star., 1943-08-16
On the Record.
By DOROTHY THOMPsON.

Mr.. Roosevelt and Mr.. Church.
i'll are meeting again, seven
months after the famous meeting
in Casablanca. From one view
Evening star., 1943-08-16
McLennore-
Suggests Additions
To Four Freedoms
Rx HENRY McLEMoRE.

ny hh1kNKSk zskCASASxvAO1~Azs
No one ever pays any attention to
any ideas expressed by me 20 I
always feel ct perfect liberty to ex-
press any old idea that comes into
Evening star., 1943-08-16
|Coercive
Order Lacks
Authority
BY DAVID LAWRENCE.

Again our system OF law is being
distorted because the administra-
ton lacks the courage of its con-
,; ~
Henderson daily dispatch., 1943-12-17
u. s. Subs Get
8 More Jap
Cargo Ships

Washington. Dec. II (AP) -
United States submarines roaming
The Pacific have added eight more
Japanese cargo ships 10 their sight
cd and SUNK" list. These raised the
total Of all Japanese vessels sunk
sine" the start e.! the war tp III.
Tho ravy announced the new
%iukim.& today ~ c"mmuniquc No.
30:
"Pucilic and Far East: United
States submarines have reported the
sinking 9. Ciaht enemy vessels in
operations against the enemy in va
tCrS of these areas as follows:
Sunk. two large transports. two
large !InECrS. three medium frcigh-
tcrS and O"C small frCightcr.
"ThCSC actions have not been an
noumcCd IN any previous Navy De-
pditmcnt CCmmuniuuC."
our Submarines in the Pacific
now have sunk. probably sum; or
damaged grand total pf 524 Jap
ancsC vCy"Cl>. both fighting ShipS
3"d merchantmen. In addition tp
i"dny'S report. bringing the sunk
total - 37l. thirtv-six have been
""r"u"d na probably sunk and III
udlnased.
Henderson daily dispatch., 1943-12-17
Promotions
In Army To
Be On Merit

Washington. Dec. 1I-(hP) Post
war reorganization of the Army Oh
u merit promu,Iun basis WAS pro-.
posed by members today as the
Scale Military Committee received
Legislation which would halt all per
munCnt adyanCrmCntS i'll Officers
ranks during the war.
Senator Thomas. Utah DCmGCfat.
aching chairman in the absence ul
senator Reynolds, North Carolina
Democrat. said the committee wuUiu
hC called upon 10 examine IN"
army'S organization with view tu
eliminating u repetition of The
hump" tuut Developed in the pro-
molten line after tho last war.
The Army should b" placed "ri
- basis where promotions will be
made on merit and not alone ON
seniority" Thomas told = rcpr. C..
He also said provision Sho"ld be
made fer retention in higher racks
of OiilrCrS promoted over tnCir SCH
icrs because Of unusual ability.
Tho measure offered would bar
Senate consideration of presidential
II nrmInati"nS for permanent p"Jmr-
cons, all Of which must DC stub
mittCd for confirmation.
Action has been postponed inUrf-
in,tcly on II such promotions. Tho
iii includes presidential r"cGmnCn-
dntinns for promotion 10 permanent
posts nf Major General St,iv"ll.
Lieutenant General George :; Pat
ton. Jr.. Ii. Gen. SomCrvCll lui VI
Gcu. Joseph r. McNarncy
Henderson daily dispatch., 1943-12-17
Sharp Gains
Scored By
Fight Unit
Presence of French
Causes Sensation
For Italian People

All;.l II...4,.,,.
~. w. ''''' -''i -
''C' |Al) ~- frrncn
troops. entering the W;I' ON the
EurOurau maiulanI fen. ,L,.
first finIn .n,, Iufn l,.,..
.,,,.,,l ,
80 '"''"'''% N"'St~:.'b
aSdIilSt Inc heNlN:sEr III mnIIll-
;aln fighting in central IiIlv
i: WAS au.s umrpd ;uLn,-
The French Ig,r ,,rr, ~, r..,.,......,i
positions al.u1s,d. n,..ri.r ...,. a.,
rricau soiui,l- ,.. .,... ,.... I..
their rrr.nr,.,, ..... DE, ....,. ...i
IL ioiay's r.lru...r..,,-... ..,... t,.:,.1
n,ati,.lI,,r.-
They .v, Fl. ,.. ... o.. ....,r,
luvg:u III. ,~ij. .r. ,r... T., g..
nisia. bus; ing, l,.r n..., ,.,.,.,,
yIrt"ly .r-r.,r.p-,i ,..;,. .,....;...
uniforms. M. Nd ..,.,.,..,I - .'''
Srou ;.Ti,, r,,,..r., 49,, g.. ,,..
baitlcCrnrt i;,,. --yr,,,,
ra;Cd in , .,~;n. ~ t.,'.I
tacs<<. coptyrirr ..,.c,,I ;,,,,.
tant German h;Ij,,, ,,,.;,;,,,,.
md taking rurIc,. -, ,,.;..,,
crs. vh, c>nrc,.c,, .,,r.,.:.
finding the French ia ,r,;,n
The French forces had I.,,,' ,,..;,,-
ed i'm North ACl.iCa ,Indcr ,I,, .I,...,.
ton of General IIcnl.i Gir,,,I j., ,li,
use of American ,,.,,,c
Their nr..o,,,, ,,.,,,
Saiion among The italian nc,,i,.
and the uuick -suocc,scs ns h.
French soldiers rnrtraStcI .r,r,,-
~ with the ahurtivr rI-ur,s re-
Henderson daily dispatch., 1943-12-17

HllCl track did not operate when the
Suuihbuund trains three cars were
dcrailcd because :hc cars did not
fall completely o1 the second tract;
and consequently failed 10 set off
tEn S.Hnnl.
Henderson daily dispatch., 1943-12-17
Death Toll Is Now Up To 20
in Coast Lines Big Wreck
Revenue Bill Postponed;
10 Block Security Tax

Washington. Dec. l7-(AP(-Sen-
ale Leaders ali but slapped ''don't
open until New Years label today
oil the new S2,284 .U00, COO tax bill.
The hasty final blessing given Inc
measure by the Senate Finarrc
Committee yesterday apparently
came too late 10 permit It's enact
mcnt by Christmas. Majority
Leader BarNlcy anticipates 4 con-
grcSSi"nal recess from the middle
oI "cNt week until about Januarv
!. prcCludlng carly action on the
bill.
Finance Chairman George. Geo.
@ll Democrat. said legislative drafts
men could not possibly whiu the
Henderson daily dispatch., 1943-12-17
Churchill Much
improved; Acting
Premier Probable

London. Dec. L.. - CAPD -
General Improvement in Prime
Minister ChurchillS condition
has been maintained. Il bulletin
from his bedside announced tins
afternoon.
There has been no spread in
the pneumonia. aud improve
ment i'll the prime ministers gem
craI condition has been main
tanned. said the bulletin. issued
1T No. 10 Downing street.
Churchill. suifrrin. from his
Sccnnd attack oI pneumonia in
ten months. undoubtedly will re-
quirc a long period for rCcupcra-
tiOn. and couSrGurutIy il i CN-
pcCtcd Britain, war cabinet may
name IN acting leader To serve in
his absence.