davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-10-02
AXIS CLAIMS WIN
Germans Make Much OF
Battle In Southern
Ukrainian Sector
RAINS DRENCH FIELD
Soviet Troops Roll Over
400 More Towns
And Hamlets
RAINS DRENCH FIELD

LONDON, Saturday, Oct.
o-lP)-Soviet troops bat
tered through German defen-
sqs in White Russia to reach
t5e Pronya river, 20 miles
from Mogilev. Moscow an
nounced today, while the Ger
mans claimed a major de-
Tense victory in the south af-
ter a bitter five-dav battle.
Fall rains were drenching
the White Russian battlefield
as the Russians rolled through
$50 more towns and hamlets,
killed over $500 Germans
and won the town of Cheri-
kov in a new crossing of the
So7h river.
SC Mile Advance Noted
In number of sectors the Rus
SLAMS reached the Pronya, which
branches off from the Sozh river
east Of Mogilev. said the Moscow
midniqht bulletin recorded by the
Soviet monitor.
This marked an advance of 80
niles from captured Krichev and
II miles beyond Cherikov.
The Germans retreated W i t h
heavy losses. abandoning guns and
trucks. the Russians said.
Other drives in White Russia
the last Soviet republic before Po-
land-were aimed at Gomel and
Vitebsk.
In the Gomel fighting German
fortified defense lines with numer-
ous blocknouses and pillboXes STALL
ed oft capture Of the city. Soviet
assault groups broke through some
Of the defended areas however,
Continued on Page Two; Col. u
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-10-02
CITY IS RAVACED
Germans Flee To New De-
tense Positions Some
where In North
GREAT PORT IS OPEN
Allies Will Benefit By Deep
Water Harbor For
New Drives

ALLIE D HEADQUAR-
TIERS IN NORTH AFRICA,
Oct. 1.-P) - Naples, the
biggest city and most impor-
tant yet to fall to the Allies,
was captured today by the
American Fifth Army as the
bulk of it's German defenders
scurried northward for a new
stand somewhere between
the charred and looted me-
tropolis and Rome.
British armored columns
pushed along the road flank
ing the Gulf of Naples and
entered the city after the
Americans forming Lieut..
Gen. Mark W. Clark's right
wing imperilled the German
position by smashing ten
miles ahead yesterday to
capture Avellino, six way
road junction 80 miles to the
east. The arms and iron CEN
ter of Tore Annunziata fell
Wednesday in the final push.
Port Will Be Cleared
The victory opened one of the
Mediterranean's greatest ports to
the Allies and, when the harbor
is cleared of extensive German
denoliions and scuttled ships, will
facilitate the Allied supply prob
lem Authorities said the p 0 +
would be able soon to unload car
goes from deep draft ships. The
victery also put within Allied grasp
numerous excellent airfields IS to
Is miles north of the city.
It still is uncertain where the
Germans will make their n x t
stand. 1t is obvious that they will
attempt more delaying actions be-
tweer Naples and Rome, 135 rail
way miles north.
In this area there are fewer
mountains, but there are rivers.
Twenty miles north of Naples is
the Volturno and above that is the
Gargliano and its tributaries, the
Liri and Sacco. Battles on the
banks of all these streams are
likely as the Allies push northward
along the ancient Appian Way to
Rome.
There also is the question of
whether the Germans will stand
lContimled on Page Two; Col q
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-10-02
NAZI WOLF PACKS
RENEW SEA FIGHT
Canadian Destroyer Sent
To Bottom With Loss
OF 146 Men

AN STERN CANADIAN
PORT, Oct. 1.-tR-German sub
marine "wolf packs" equipped
with a new-type torpedo have re-
newed the Battle of the Atlantic,
after four months in which no AL
lied vessels were sunk in the At
lantic.
Navy Minister Angus MacDon-
aid announced today in Ottawa that
the Canadian destroyer St. Croix
had teen sunk on convoy duty
with the loss of 146 men and in
Loncon it was reported the cor
vette Polyanthus and frigate Itch
en- also were lost in the same en-.
counter
MacDonald's statement gave no
account of the sea fight in which
the YES: els were lost, but it re
called Prime Minister Chi. chill s
disclosure in his House of Com
mons war review September q
tina: while no Allied vesseis had
been lost in the Atlantic III four
months, a convoy was Under at
tack at that very moment.
Only one member of the crew OF
the St. Croix, which was one of
so destrovers turned over to Great
Britain by the U. S. before Pearl
Harbor, was saved, Macdonald re-
vealed. Before leaving U. S. serv-
ice the destroyer was known as
the McCook.
While it was not officially re-
ported, it was believed possible
the war vessels might have been
sunk in the action in which five
Ljberator bombers of the Royal
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-10-02
Local Ration Board
Receives Orders On
Gas Ticket Changes

New value for the "B" and
&c" gasoline coupons went
into effect at 1901 a. m.
October l. o. II. Shoemaker,
chairman of the New Hanover
Rationing board, announced
the following information, re-
ceived at 4 p. m. Friday by
telephone from the state Of
flee of the OPA at Raleigh,
concerning values of gasoline
coupons:
l. ga" gasoline coupons
continue to have value of
gallons, but the maturity date
OF the present "a" books has
been shortened to 1901 a. m.
November 8.
2. After 1901 a. m. October
l, "B" and &C" coupons have
value Of gallons.
3. "B" books issued begin
ing October l will be written
for three months instead of
four months and the ceiling
mileage available in "B"
book will be 800 miles per
month instead Of $50 as here
tofore.
Service stations are notified
to conduct sales according to
these changes. This is all the
information the board has,
and they ask people to please
not call because they are busy
issuing new books.
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-10-02
THREE JAP SHIPS
SUNK BY B0MBERS
Big Liberators Surprise II
Vessel Convoy In
Pacific Area

ALLIED HEADQUARTERS IN
SOUTHWEST PACIFIC, Saturday,
Oct. 2. -- American Liberator
bombers sank two Japanese mer-
chant ships and destroyer, Cen
eral Macarthur announced today
when the big planes surprised an
11-ship enemy convoy believed at
tempting to sneak down to trapped
Japanese forces at Villa on Kolom-
bangara island in the New Georgia
group.
A large cargo ship was hit with
two bombs, capsized and sank.
The second was destroyed by a
large explosion which was follow
ed by fires visible 20 miles. The
destroyer exploded after four di-
rect hits. 1t had thrown up heavy
anti-aircraft fire against the at
lacking planes.
A fourth large vessel received
two direct hits on its stern but
Continued on Page Five; Col. g.
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-10-02
INITIAL ASSAULT
Raid On Heart OF Naziism
First From Southern
Airdromes
DAMAGE UNREPORTED
Inclement Weather And
Heavy Clouds Obscure
The Results

ALLIE D HEADQUAR.
TIERS IN NORTH AFRICA,
Saturday, Oct. 2.-{P)-Am-
erican heavy bombers smash
ed at Munich, cradle of Ma
zism, in southern Germany
and also attacked the Vienna
region of Austria yesterday
in the first air attack under
taken against the Reich from
northwest African bases, a
special air communique an
nounced today.
A few hours after Allied
forces marched VIGOROUSLY
into ravaged Naples, swarms
of Flying Fortresses and Lib
orators, in a powerful DEM
onstration of the closing aer-
ial pincers, made their long,
est round trip - 1900 miles
- to reach the German and
Austrian targets.
Despite bad weather, the
Fortresses crossed the Alps
to attack the Munich region.
while the Liberators blasted
at a factory at Wiener Neus-
tadt, 25 miles southwest of
Vienna, where air frames
are manufactured for Messer-
schnitt fighting planes.
Foggia Will Help Allies
The great chains Of airfields at
Foggia, already in Allied hands,
will enable Fortresses and Liber.
ators to range even farther across
Germany and fly much shorter
distance than yesterdays mission.
With western Germany already
badly hammered by raids t r m
British bases, a new threat is now
brought to the eastern part OF the
Reich. where the Germans are
known to have many war factories
which before had been virtually
exempt from air attack.
The assault on the Munich area
bestowed upon that shrine to Hit
lerdom the deadly honor of being
the first German town to be caught
in an air pincers and bombed both
from Britain and from Africa. The
last heavy Raj blow at Munich
was on September when rail
lines linking industrial Germany
and Italy were hit.
Heavy clouds obscured observa.
ton of the results of the bombing.
Some enemy fighters were encoun-
tered.
A special air communicate, Is.
sued at Allied headquarters to-
night, did not mention any Amer
lean losses.
Wiener Neustadt was raided on
August 10 by heavy force Of
Liberator bombers from the Unit
ed States Ninth Air Force based
in the Middle East which flew a
of reary $500 miles to
drop nearly $4,000 pounds of ex-
plosives on the aircraft works. Mu-
Continued on Page Two; Col. 81
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-10-02
INDUSTRIAL SCRAP.
Drive WILL OPEN
Plans For Campaign To Be
Laid AT Meeting
II City

Plans for the 1913 industrial
scrap drive III this area, to sal
wage waste metals for the Allied
Tar machine. will be made at a
meeting Of industrialists and scrap
oriVe chairmen here in the near
future, State Senator j. E. l..
Wade, chairman of the industrial
section OF the scrap campaign for
the Seventh Congressional district,
announced Friday night.
He made public the following
telegram from B. B. Gossett, chair
man Of the industrial section for
the state;
You are doubtless familiar with
the fall and winter scrap drive
for 1913 which will shortly get
underway.
The industrial scrap situation
Is critical and it is vital that we
md some way to build up dimi.
nishing stocks because of tremen-
(Ccp+;,rol -,
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-10-02
FDR Pledges Liberation
Of The Italian CAPITAL

WASHINGTON, Oct. 1.-(P-President Roosevelt
promised today that Allied will berate Rome and the
Vatican and will do everything possible to prevent desuc
ton of their shrines and historic monuments
With Naples in Allied hands, he told confer
British and American forces going to continue
their advance, marching north to free the Italian capital
the Vatican and the Pope.
Attributing something of the aspect of holy to
their operations Mr. Roosevelt said there certain ee
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-10-02

eastern Standard Time)
(By U. S. Weather Bureau)
Meteorological data for the "a hours
ending 1880 p. m, yesterday.
Temperature
1870 a. M, Sc; 1880 a. m. 81; 30
D. M, 50; 7:3o p. M, 70. Maximum 49,;
Minimum II; Mean So; Normal So.
Humidity
l: 80 a. m, 81; 1880 a. M, IS; 80
p. NJ, 40; 1870 p. m. 70.
Precipitation
Total for the "a hours ending 1880
o. M, 600 inches.
Total since the first of the month,
600 inches.
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-10-02
WEATHER

FORECAST:
NORTH CAROLINA: Continued mild
today.
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-10-02

Continued Oh Page Two; Col. ~
The Wilmington morning star., 1943-10-02

Continued on Page Two; Col. -
Evening star., 1943-07-11

inequities and substandards" will be
subject to adjustment.
At that point, if the cost of living still
is on the upgrade, the question of ex-
tending the formula will become an Is
sue.
The War Labor Board, with labor
members protesting, so far has resisted
demands for lengthening the yardstick
to 20 or Is per cent, but the whole board
implied in recent statement that there
is limit to this resistance unless the
rest of the Government holds the line
on the price front.
The WLB is a three-sided agency,
composed of representatives of the pub
lie, labor and industry. If labor or in
dustry withdraws, the board falls.
Soon the board may have to make
critical choice:
Yield notch on the Little Steel
formula in the direction of imitation, or
make last-ditch fight against the
growing demands of organized wage
earners.
Either move might cost It's life.
Evening star., 1943-07-11

Fifty newsmen and even more specta-
tors jammed the board room. But it
seemed like an anticlimax. A couple of
reporters had revealed the decision un-
officially in the newspapers that morn
ing. The steelworkers' raise was to be
512 cents an hour.
Chairman William H. Davis took note
of this.
Gentlemen" he said, opening the
press conference, lit has been suggested
to me that you gentlemen of the press
might be interested to know that the
War Labor Board is thinking of INSTALL
ing loud speakers so that no one will
have any> difficulty in following it's ex-
ecutive sessions
The hour-long conference that fol-
lowed was not anticlimax. The board
revealed now it arrived at 81 cents and
thereby gave birth to Little Steel"
The formula has been booted around
from that day to this, but not always
by the same interests.
TO some 1t used to be brat, but now
Evening star., 1943-07-11

To be completely planned in advance.
a project must pass through three
phases. First, the need for the facility
must be established through studies of
factual information and the economic
life of the community. and this, upon
analysis, should clearly show the need
Of the facility Secondly, engineering
field surveys and studies must be con-
Quoted to determine the location and
the design best suited to that location
and purpose. Lastly, working drawings,
plans and specifications must be pre-
pared and be Immediately available for
future use. When project has gone
through all of these phases, 1t has been
planned In advance in the truest sense.
1t is regrettable that this conception of
advance planning is not more generally
accepted, especially in connection with
postwar planning"
The Fourteenth and Maine avenue
grade separation project is an excellent
illustration of advance planning. This
project. in all of it's many phases. was
completely planned in advance and was
ready to be advertised for construction
when it became necessary to undertake
the work as war measure, The oppor-
tunity to treat advance planning in its
true light was never brighter. Regular
construction work has tapered off and
is fast reaching the vanishing point.
Even with a greatly reduced personnel,
due to employees entering the armed
services, the force of circumstances pre-
sents a golden opportunity to concen-
trate on postwar planning and to create
a highway development program, COM
pletely planned in advance, which could
be placed under construction without
delay upon cessation of hostilities. 1t Is
believed that if this broader meaning of
advanced planning were more widely
accepted, that funds with which to con-
duct such advance planning activities
would be more adequately provided and
the postwar situation as related to high
way development immeasurably i'm
proved.
The Department of Highways of the
District of Columbia has made great
strides in the development of highway
network adequate to meet the demands
to be thrust upon it after the war. Since
1929, definite improvement programs
have been followed However, it was not
until 1889 that separate and distinct
unit of the department was created to
conduct studies and obtain factual data
to allow the department to institute a
program Of long-range planning of high
way and traffic activities on a sound and
economic basis
The Hayden Cartwright Act of 1884,
making provisions for Federal highway
funds FOR the fiscal wears 1886 and 1887,
Evening star., 1943-07-11
By Samuel r. Harrison,
in Charge OF d. C. Highway Planning Sarvey

of the transportation system of the COM
munity and should be we'll planned in
every respect. Terminal facilities are an
indispensable part of this system and
must be recognized as such. Our studies
have shown it is not sound to plan and
construct broad and adequate highways
to provide for a free flow of moving
traffic. unless provision is also made for
the disposition of that traffic in con-
destination. The mere presence of such
highways is an invitation to the motorist
to use them More traffic will be gen.
Grated which will cause additional con-
gestion in densely populated areas and
business districts in the absence of
terminal facilities in these areas. Other
communities which have not provided
terminal facilities have found this to be
true, to their regret and the detriment
of their business districts. Terminal
facilities are an indispensable part of
cur highway development program ane
should be provided progressively as our
program advances.
W Vie VI oul
highway development report in 1941, the
Commissioners of the District of Co
lumbia took such steps as were necessary
to accomplish the work recommended.
The present war has interrupted this
work in some respects and in other cases
has accelerated the progress of the work.
This was especially true of the improve
ment of the approaches to the Potomac
River in connection with providing an
adequate network of approaches to the
new Pentagon Building in Arlington, Va.
The work proposed under the entire
program was estimated to cost approx
mately s40,000,000. The work was to
be spread over period of approximately
8 to 10 years. To set the program in
motion the Commissioners of the Dis
trict of Columbia approached the Con-
gress in an effort to increase the gasoline
tax on motor vehicle fuel to defray the
expenses of the program and to secure
the creation of motor vehicle parking
agency to provide terminal facilities. In
both of these matters legislation was
enacted to put the program into effect.
New Revenue Provided.
On December 26, 1941, legislation was
approved to increase the gasoline tax
from two to three cents effective Janu-
ary l, 1912, and to remain in effect
through June 80, 1851, at which time 1t
was anticipated the improvements
recommended would have been COM
pleted. On February 16, 1912, legislation
was approved creating what is known
as the Motor Vehicle Parking Agency
which was given very broad powers in
order to plan and develop parking
(E0nt tinlIad Do Hn1,, L
Evening star., 1943-07-11
Terminal Facilities Vital.

1t is darling and they don't want 1t to
grow up.
Labor is threatening to disown it If it
doesn't act its age
Still another group, probably the
largest, never did understand the
formula.
What happened was this:
A few days before May /, 1912, Presi-
dent Roosevelt promulgated a stabiliza-
ton program, asked labor to sacrifice on
wage demands The WPB undertook the
job Of administering the wage part of
that program. In the Little Steel cases
it took look at the record and found
that prior to January l, 1941, wages and
prices were relatively stable. But about
that time a race started.
AS of May /, prices had advanced
about IS per cent from the base date
chosen by the board. The board could
not roll back prices so it decided to adj
just wages to the prices at the is per
cent level. This, then, was the Little
Steel formula.
Evening star., 1943-07-11

1t was intended to be the terminal
point in the race, because the Presidents
program contemplated a stabilizing of
prices at that level, too.
In effect. the board said, if an appro-
pirate group of workers has had a Is
per cent increase since January /, 1941,
that group should not be entitled to
further increase as a cost-of Living ad-
justment. (The last four words are i'm
portant)
Probably the mostsgeneral and per-
sistent misunderstanding was that the
Little Steel formula was an absolute
maximum on wage increases. Whenever
the board allowed more than IS per cent,
somebody said it had broken or discarded
the Little Steel formula.
Actually, the Little Steel formula is
almost in the inert stage now.
Why? Because most groups of workers
have had Is per cent increase since
January /, 1941.
A little while longer and all will have
had their Is per cent. and only gross
Evening star., 1943-07-11
By Joseph A. Lotus,
Assncia ted Press Writer.

One of the noisiest, least understood
war babies ever conceived by a Govern
ment bureau will be a year old next
Friday.
Little Steel" the wage increase for
mula, probably will spend its birthday
as it has spent its first year, alternating
between pampering and abuse.
The question now is whether the for
mula is going to grow beyond its Is per
cent stage.
And the next question will be whether
its parent, the War Labor Board. can
stand the shock either of any growth or
holding the infant down.
On the hot Washington afternoon of
July 16, 1942, newsmen were summoned
to press conference to hear the boards
long-awaited decision in the four Little
Steel cases bethlehem, Republican, In
land and youngstown Sheet and Tube
companies). The story. with all its CIO-
labor political implications, had been
built up for weeks.
Evening star., 1943-07-11

included a provision permitting the utili-
zation IL per cent of each States annual
apportionment of Federal aid funds for
surveys, plans, engineering and economic
Investigations The District was not at
that time included in the provisions of
this Federal Aid Highway Act However,
the Federal Aid Highway Act, approved on
June 8, 1898, making provisions for Fed
eral aid for highways for the fiscal years
1940 and 1941 included an amendment
emitting the District of Columbia to
share thereafter in all Federal aid high
way funds apportioned on the same
basis as the States. BY virtue of this
amendment, the District. like the States,
was permitted to utilize 11a per cent of its
apportionment for work in connection
with advance planning.
The Commissioners of the District Of
Columbia, realizing the need for and the
value Of such an adjunct to the regular
activities of the Department of High
ways, requested the Public Roads Ad-
ministration to cooperate in establish
ing a highway planning survey in the
District of Columbia. AS result, the de-
partment began studies of the economic
life of the community and the travel
habits of its residents in the early fall
OF 1889. These studies established the
need for certain highway Improvements
and determined the pattern to be fol-
lowed in the future development of our
highway system. A report on the SUBJ
ject was published in l941 and has been
approved in principle by all interested
agencies.
The limited space available here does
not permit full discussion of the con-
clusions reached. However, our studies
established the need for the following:
l. The construction Of radial trunk
highways connecting all of the main
outlying sections with the central bus
iness district.
2. The widening of predetermined
network OF highways within the CEN
tral business district to connect with
the radial trunk highways.
3. Provision for terminal facilities.
4. The improvement of outlying
main highways not on the radial trunk
system.
5. Provision for access and terminal
facilities in connection with COM
munity commercial areas.
Terminal Facilities Vital.
The advent of the automobile has
made our population fluid 1t has pro-
vided us with a ready means of trans
portation to places and areas not here
tofore readily accessible by any other
means of transportation. In short, we
can go where we will in normal times
The highway system is an essential part
Evening star., 1943-07-11

(see COSTS, Page C-30
Evening star., 1943-07-11

Continued on Page C-3, Column A.
Evening star., 1943-12-27
Not for Bureaucracy

Prom the London Sunday Express
Naziism may suit the slave-minded
Germans, and Communism may be the
best system for Russians, but the vast
majority of the people in this country
are not fighting this war to establish
either Naziism or Communism in this
country, even If it is renamed bureauc-
racy. The foundation of the strength
Of this nation is the independence Of
its people. Within its bounds any man
has been free to carve out his own
destiny if he has had the enterprise and
spirit to do it. Any man with an idea,
a purpose and the courage could start
small business and by labor and
Initiative make it great. The ideal Of
every ambitious man was to have shop
or factory of his own and be inde-
pendent. And that is sound ambition.
Our men have fought this war to pre-
serve that right. One of the hardships
they have had to suffer while fighting
and 1t Is by no means the least-is that,
while they have been fighting, the busi-
nesses they cherished have had to be
wiped out in order to concentrate the
national effort on essential things.
These men will come home on the day
OF victory determined to re-establish
their businesses. That is a right they
have won by what they have done, and
1t Is a right we must see that no bu-
reaucracy fllches from them.