davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1943-06-15
I'D Rather Be Rioht'
Failure to Engage Germany on Two Fronts
In 1943 Will Be Perilous to United Nations

not, thereby. be allowed to avoid
doing the latter.
1t Is an old device of public debate
to pose task that is more difficult
than is really necessary, then prove
its impossibility and, therefore, do
next to nothing. That Is why
believe it would be useful to take
the discussion down from the strato-
sphere Of whether we are going to
free the continent this year, and
conflne ourselves to the somewhat
narrower point of whether we are
going to split the Nazi armies, which
is the essential condition for victory.
Would Harry Nazis.
That would seem to rule out
bombing as the chief tactic for the
year, for bombing is war against
limited. specialized forces, plus
civilian defenders. It is not war
against the Nazi army, per Sc, but
only an adjunct Of such war. We
cannot win the war with adjuncts.
But the same conception frees our
military leaders to do any one Of
number of things. rather than one
special thing. If by a series of
feints, thrusts, limited landings,
holding of beachheads, partial in
vasions, they can make Europe into
a military merry-go-round and di-
vide the Nazi armies. that will be the
genuine and effective second front,
even If we never penetrate 10 miles
within the continent this year.
The test is not whether we have
a serious intention to retake all of
France this summer, but whether we
have a serious intention to divide
the Nazi armies. On that latter
basis, we can maintain the con-
fldence of the people Of Europe.
without needing a Wagnerian climax
before a specified deadline.
Evening star., 1943-06-15

Henry McLemorc. Aiken residents
was the annual arrival Of the Hitch
cocks and Stoddards and Bostwicks
to play polo and ride to the hounds.
I saw Lonnie here yesterday. He
wore the stripes Of lieutenant in
the United States Navy and was in
complete charge of an armed guard
naval crew which had just brought
a Liberty ship and cargo of NUM-
tions across the Atlantic. Lonnie
Garvin, "a and bespectacled, with
a wife and two kids at home, Is
typical of the men who are doing
just about the toughest job in the
Navy.
All He Hunted Was Ducks.
A year ago Lonnie Garvin had
never ridden boat bigger than the
one pushed by an outboard motor
that took him out looking for ducks
in the marshes. He had never fired
gun bigger than a 12-gauge shot
gun. Today he had Oerlikon ma
chine guns under his command as
well as threepounders and five
Founders. Under him is a crew OF
26 sailors-all gunners who give
merchant ships the right strength
to cross the Atlantic despite subs
and dive bombers.
When he volunteered, the United
States Navy was in dire need Of
officers and men to man merchant
marine guns. Lonnie had practi-
cally no schooling in the traditions
OF the sea or in handling guns, and
neither did his crew that shipped
with him on the first trip.
"The damndest thing happened to
us about midway in the Atlantic"
Lonnie told me. I'VE got lost from
the convoy in fog and for four
days were out there alone. didn't
leave the guns and neither did any
OF my boys during that time"
For every Lonnie there is some
one else from some other part of
the country. I talked to a Briggs
body designer from Detroit who had
charge Of gun crew. I talked to
Remington Rand salesman. I
talked to an Internal Revenue col
lector. was put on the trail Of
these men by 1t. Barry Bingham,
publisher of the Louisville Courier
Journal. He told me that in the
armed guard officers I'd find almost
the best story of the Navy. He was
right.
Also Teaches School
The armed guard officer is more
than just an officer. He Is the doc
tor for his crew and must be able
to treat them for any sickness. from
head-colds to shrapnel wounds. He
Is their chaplain and to him the
men turn for spiritual help. He is
their teacher. They 60 to school
two or three hours a day and he
must correct papers all the way
across the Atlantic. He is their
psychiatrist, and the crew. which
averages barely more than 18 wears
OF age, give him many tough prob
lens.
In short, an armed guard officer
on a freighter must be almost a
complete man and I will say that
those have met have lived I'D to
that requirement. Every armed
guard officer is volunteer. That.
in itself, is the answer to what kind
OF men the armed guard officers
are.
distributed by McNaught Syndicate. rne,
Evening star., 1943-06-15
Flag Salute CompuIsion
Was Ended 8 Months Aoo
By the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
CHARLESTON, w. Va, June Is
Students having religious scruples
against saluting the American Flag
have not been required to pay the
tribute since a three judge Federal
Court handed down a decision in
Charleston October 6, 1912, school
officials said yesterday.
Their announcement that the
salute had not been compulsory since
that time came shortly after the
United States Supreme Court re-
versed decision it delivered in 1910
and held that students having such
scruples could not be required to
salute.
At the same time, State School
Supt. w. w. Trent said pupils who
were members of the sect would be
expected to show respect for the
flag by standing, even though they
did not salute.
Evening star., 1943-06-15

England had expected 1t, her church
bells had been held quiet many
months to do duty as invasion sig-
mails, and German soldiers had been
singing We're Sailing Against Eng
land"
When the summer passed, the
English caught their breaths and
decided that perhaps there would be
no invasion.
We Could be Funny, Too.
That was when the underground
jokes against Hitler began, includ-
ing the famous one about Hitler's
discovery that the staff Of Moses
which he had requisitioned in order
to part the waters Of the channel
was in the British Museum. But the
European underground could find
us rather funny, too, in similar cir
cumstances. after some OF our re-
cent speeches.
If there Is no second front this
summer, the Germans will catch
their second wind, exactly as the
English once did. This Is the cli-
max. and 1t must be seized, and
used. We cannot be sure there will
be other. better years. The Germans
were very sure there would be other
years after 1910.
But what Is 1t that we must do in
l943? The popular picture is that
we must land in Europe and march
to Berlin. But that is not the sec
ond front, that is victory, and not
quite the same thing. In the mar
row, military sense, our task is to
divert perhaps IS, perhaps 100, OF
the 2l8 Nazi and Nazi-satellite divi-
sions now in Russia. That would be
the true second front, because II
would divide the Nazi army and
make it fight on two fronts at once
That, and not the march to Berlin
Is what Russia has in mind when
she speaks OF the second front.
Victory Now Not Needed.
The second front does not call on
us to win the war in Europe this
summer, but to fight the war in
Europe this summer. So, 1t seems
to me, we shall have to amend the
popular picture Of one-shot effort,
leading straight to victory. 1t Is 60
ing to be enormously more complex
and infinitely slower than that. Our
task is not to make victory, but
to make front. Then, on the
basis Of the successful establishment
Of two fronts, Russia and we togethe,
can make a victory. which is a
later chapter.
No one asks Russia to pursue q
strategy of one-punch- for victory
in the East. and we cannot pursue
a strategy of one-plnch- for victory
in the West, either. The danger Is
that the admitted difficulties OF
making an overwhelming landing
and at once iberating all of Europe
might be used as excuses for not
making a second front, which is our
narrower and much more realistic
task.
Our job is not to liberate Europe
with one punch. but to compel the
Nazis to fight in two areas at one
time. Those who. perhaps rightly
find the former too difacult, should
Evening star., 1943-06-15
z AmbuIonces Collide;
Patient, ! Driver Killed

By the Associated Press.
ST. LOUIS, June 15.-An ambu-
lance driver and patient he was
taking to a hospital were killed yes
terday in the collision of two city
ambulances. The other driver and
two bystanders were injured.
The dead: August Shuttle, IS,
driver. and his patient, Andrew
Jackson Dolan. 78.
Mr.. Dolan was being taken to the
hospital with injuries received
when hit by an automobile.
Evening star., 1943-06-15
This Changing World
Measure Of ItoIiun Resistance on Sicily
Will Indicate Extent Of Thrust by Allies

Tunisia. But the ground forces
will have to conquer the island.
Have Long Way to Go.
Invasion barges and troop
transports have long way to go
from their bases to Sicily. The
operation will prove costly If the
italians are determined to fight
it out. The nearest point on
Sicily from Cap Bon is 100 miles.
If the Axis has submarines and
some aviation, Allied transports
and barges will be subjected to
strong attacks. Once they reach
the Sicilian shores they will have
to fight their way onto the island.
In some ways, the operations
against Sicily can be compared
with those of the Japanese
against Iuzon. The only differ
ence is that Sicily is prepared for
an invasion, and aviation-if any
Is available in Italy K can be
flown over from the mainland
without difficulty. If Gen. Mac
Arthur had been able to get sup
plies to his men from somewhere
near Luzon. the Japs probably
would still be hammering at the
gates Of the Philippines. The
terrain of Sicily is similar to that
of Luzon. Both are mountainous
and offer excellent ground for
defense.
All these factors have. been
taken into consideration in dis
cussing the conquest of Sicily.
The ability of the American
British forces, protected by
huge air umbrella, is unquestion-
able. But competent observers
admit the occupation of Sicily
will be no picnic, if the Italians
decide to offer strong resistance.
May Just "Clean Up" Sea.
The ability of the Italian
troops to oppose an invasion
force will be the yardstick for
measuring the prospects of an
early invasion Of Italy itself. The
Allies have large force in North
Africa. 1t is hoped this force will
be able to attain objectives
which have been assigned to it
without asking for any further
reinforcements either from Eng
land or the United States. This
will be possible only If the losses
OF men do not exceed those which
have been calculated as inevita-
BILE by the American high COM
mand. Should they exceed the
quota" and should the Italian
troops show that they will offer
strong resistance in Italy, 1t is
doubtful whether the Allies will
wish to extend their operations
further than to clean up the
Mediterranean this summer and
fall.
The Nazi high command ap-
pears to be aware Of this. Hence
Mussolini Is expected to order his
troops-if his orders still carry
weight-to resist with determi-
nation the Allied invasion of the
most important Axis outpost in
the Central Mediterranean.
Evening star., 1943-06-15

The W ors t
p olicy Of all
would be to talk
S e c on d front
stoutly all sum-
m er, without
estab II S h / n g
one, or its stra-
tegic equivalent.
The great turn
in this W ar
came when the
summer of 1910
passed without
a German inva-
SioY, 0f ENGLAND
Evening star., 1943-06-15

tine then con-
sisted Of a lazy
breakfast, a lazy
q m b ! e to h is
dusty little law
offic ce, q + e W
cokes and sand
wiches with the
boys at the cor
ner dru 6 s t tore
and a little bird
and duck hunt
ing. The big ex-
element to Lon
ME and other old
Evening star., 1943-06-15

Land, chair
man Of the
United States
M a aritim e
G onmission,
t he frs t
pro b lem is
being solved
in an almost
m ! r q culOuS
manner.
Over 1000
ships with a
d e a d weight
t o n n age of
over 40,000,-
Evening star., 1943-06-15

a n d Sicily.
Which Of the
t W o italian
strongh o ! d S
will be the
first to suffer
the full i'm
pact of the
Anglo o-Ameri-
can blows is
not yet known
here.
Competent
observers in
n av al and
m 1 I O = W
Evening star., 1943-06-15

900 tons are either under con-
struction or completed and
turned over to the War Shipping
Administration. Admitting that
there have been and will con-
tinue to be considerable losses
OF these cargo ships, 1t is never
theless clear that when the war
has been won, there will be a
huge tonnage of cargo ships in
American hands. Nor will it be
possible at the close of hostili-
ties to shut off further ship
building-just as you would shut
off water in hose.
1t is easy to see, therefore,
that the peacetime shipping
problem, resulting from this
huge construction program, will
be a major problem. Indeed, by
solving the wartime shipping
problem so efficiently we are
making the peacetime problem
tougher and tougher. We must
win the war.
11,828,000 Tons in 1899.
Take a look at the American
merchant marine as of Septem-
ber 30, 1899, just before the war
got underway. Ships of 1000
tons or over, in both the over
seas and coastwise trades, num-
bered 1,402, of a deadweight ton
mage of 11,828,542 tons. This fig
ure includes 263 ships which were
laid up, of a total 2,023,423 dead
weight tons.
With this as basis, start fig
uring what we are going to do
with a prospective fleet Of 40,-
100000 deadweight tons. Increases
in production will likely offset
war losses, and the losses are
likely to grow less and less as the
defense against submarine at
tacks improves.
At the close of the last war
the country faced a somewhat
similar problem, although of less
proportions. Edward P. Farley.
former chairman of the United
States Shipping Board, speaking
recently in New York, pointed out
that the United States ended that
war with the largest fleet in the
world - about 100000 dead
weight tons of new ships.
Uncle Sam Tagged.
For years before the last war
this country had turned away
from the overseas carrying trade.
Uncle Sam was content to sit by
and let other nations haul all our
exports and imports. Congress
undertook at the close of the first
World War to help maintain an
adequate merchant marine. But
the carrying trade dropped off,
shipping rates fell and American
shipping companies could not
compete because of the laws
which govern on American ships.
AS Mr.. Farley pointed out, the
shipping board which had encour-
aged the sale of new vessels at
S160 ton, found it difficult to get
$50, except in limited numbers.
Admiral Land, in a speech June
7 in Baltimore, discussed this
postwar shipping problem briefly.
He said this country should have
a modern fleet of merchant YES
sells of from Is to 20 million dead
weight tons. This would be for
American commerce under the
American flag.
1--WE should so set our sights"
the admiral said, "as to hold this
fleet to about 20 million dead
weight tons, and in addition
plans should be made to have the
best shipyards continue with a
nucleus of construction of new
ships in order to build up
reserve.
Losses Suffered by All.
The shipping business in the
years from 1920 to 1896, when the
Evening star., 1943-06-15

executive order
on the matter
Of salaries for
executives.
But thou h
more than two
m o n his h as
elapsed, the Gus
tomary Clarity
ing regulations,
for some myteri-
Gus reason nave
not been pre-
nulgated. Some
secret instruc-
tions have gone
Evening star., 1943-06-15
Russian Girl Pilot Honored

MOSCOW, June Is tP.-A 22-year-
old girl bomber pilct, Maria Ivanova,
has been made member Of the
Soviet Order Of Patriotic War, first
degree, after making 1875 flights over
the front in 10 days, it was an
nounced today.
Evening star., 1943-06-15

HE opinions OF the Ders this their not
necessarily The Stars Such opinions presented
Stars effort to oiue all sides OF questions of interest to Its
readers although such opinions may contradictory among
themselves and directly opposed to The Stars
Evening star., 1943-06-15
BY GOULD LINCOLN.

The United States has a war
time shipping problem and a
peacetime shipping problem.
Under the leadership of Admiral
Evening star., 1943-06-15
McLemore
Is Put on Troll
Of Complete Mem
BY HENRY McLEMORE.

A SEAPORT SOMEWHERE IN
THE BRITISH ISLES.-A year ago
Lonnie Garvin was country lawyer
practicing in Aiken, 8. G. His rou-
Evening star., 1943-06-15
BY SAMUEL GRAFTON.

Still speculating on the second
front, I think we ought to clear
some underbrush out of the great
Evening star., 1943-06-15
By CONSTANTINE BROWN.

Allied forces in the Mediter-
ranean now are poised for their
major preliminary offensive
tasks-the capture Of Sardinia
Evening star., 1943-06-15
High Salary
Executives
In Dark
Withholding Tox
Regulations May
Circumvent Congress
BY DAVID LAWRENCE.

Congress enacted on March 25 and
President Roosevelt announced on
April IL that he had permitted to
become law q bill that repealed bis
Evening star., 1943-06-15

Today's army moves fast. It
must get there first. The off,
Ger today requires this same
speed in the fulfilling of all his
uniform requirements. Kas-
san-Stein is equipped to GUS
tom tailor the Army, Navy and
Marine Officers Uniform in a
minimum of time .. but with
a maximum of care and ad-
herence to the detailing crafts
manship that distinguishes
the KaSsan-Stein uniform. The
price is nominal in line with
the excellence of tailoring.
La gaceta., 1943-07-17
LA AGGRESSION FASCISTA A LA
REPUBLICA ESPAROLA
-FRENTE POPULAR
-MUSSOLIN Y LOS MONARQUICOS
-MASONES DE ESPANA

Con motive de la aggression fascista a la
Repdblica Espanola, iniciada ell 10 de julio
de 1886, dedicaremos esta %secci6n, hoy y
ell lunes, a los millones de valientes que
combatieron, sin ~encontrar la pOsitiva ayu-
da en- armamentos que solicitaban, a los
militares traidores, Franco, Hitler, Musso-
lini, algunos prelados cat6licos, los moros,
los monarquicos y los falangistas.
Todos los que salimos a la defensa de
los derechos del pueblo espanol, con abso-
luto desinteres, ~obligados estamos ahora a
seguir demandando ~justicia para la nacio-
nalidad democratica que surgiera, como
resultado de la voluntad popular, en- abril
de 1881.
Contra ell pueblo republican, espanol,
y al decir republican, incluimos a todos los
partidos que integraban ell Frente popular,
siguen conspirando, con IN cinismO aterra-
dor, los r~eaccionarios de muchas capitales
de Europa y America.
La gaceta., 1943-07-17
AL MARGEN DE LA PROPACAI

Yo fumador, me confieso. Y CO.
mo no estoy arrepentido, voy a
ponderar las excelencias de mi vi
clio. Que no es vicio. Como todas
las co~stumbres, la de fumar tiene
sus detractores. Los medicos sue
len echar al tabaco la culpa de mu
chas intermediates, a1n cuando e.
sas Intermediates frecuentan tam
bien, para matarlas, a muchas
perSonas que nunca han fumado.
Otras que fumaron Sc mueren de
viejas sin padecerlas. De esas per-
sonas, los medicos, un POGO resen-
tidos, Sc vengan diciendo que no
las parte un rayo, no importa
cuando les extienden certificate
de defunci6n por un simple cata-
rro, un hippo o un deficit en- Ell pre-
supuesto domestico.
No trato de imitar a Moliere, a
Cervantes, a Voltaire, a todos los
genios que emplearon 10 mas ale
gre de su taEento en- burlarse de
Ia medicina y de los medicos. Nj
padre r medico y vivi6 muchos
amos. Cuando lie preguntaban la
raz6n cientffica de su longevidad
conbestaba: "Fume mucho. Pero
al llegar a los cuarenta amos dele
radicalmente ell tabaco. Esa es la
causa de que haya enterrado a tan
tos fumadores'. Era un buen me-
dico. Pero todavia era mejor astu-
riano. Y las recetas de un m6dico
a%sturiano siempre estan redacta-
das en- S idioma que los profanos
llaman latin y los humoristas la
man humorismo. Porque hay otras
muchas cosas que matan a los
hombres como los medicos dicen
que asesina ell tabaco. La gula,
por ejemplo. Y mi padre COMA
mucho Y bien. Ell conner bien es
esa agravante que Sc agrega a los
homicidios pOr via oral. Y como
la de la gula, mi padre practicable
asfmismo muchas de esas otras
aflicciones que los te6logos agru-
pan en- tres classes para denunciar
a los enemigos del alma: demonio,
mundo y carne. He de confesar
que mi padre muri6 a los ochenta
amos despues de una serie de conf
lonas pascuales, todas engullidas
en- ell Unite reducido de una Sc
mana. iMurio de Indigestion 0 de
vejez? jY por que no cumpli6 los
Glen amos 81 desde los cuarenta no
fumaba? iPor que 81 dej6 ell ia
baco por danino no suprimi6 tam
bien los excesos de la mesa siguien
do ell consejo inaDelable de su mu~
cha sabiduria? ST el no fuera as
turiano 20 acabaria por Greer que
era un NAL medico. Su aparente
incongruencia estaba implicita en-
ell profundo conocimiento de la fl
s%olofia, por ell que advertimos la
extraordinaria facultad de adap-
taci6n que tiene ell ORGANISING para
asimilar Y veneer toda clase de
agresiones t6xicas. Por ESQ, GUAM
do Voltaire, Cervantes, Moliere, Sc
burlan de los medicos no Sc bur
Ian, naturalmente, de la medici-
ma; Sc burlan de los que, con en-
paque dOctoral, niegan al hombre
la facultad divina de acomodarse
a todas las injurias del medic v la
costumbre. Con 10 que comia mi
La gaceta., 1943-07-17

padre en- una semana h
matar en- un mes a todd
pc futbolista. De la misH
ra que Pizarro, en- Ell siglj
liz6 hazanas militares
de campana selvatica-u
drfan resistir los famOsd
dos de la guerra actual.
I'm hombre del tropico
gar a viejo en- ell Polo
un resfriado. ClarO que
tiene que confeccionarse
de pieles, construir cal
hielo y u
pescado crudo. He ahi 4
de la ~longevidad a traves
tina del hume del tabacO.
estoy eScribiendo para II
no tengo por que apelar
mostracion en- verso. De
como del cafe, pudO hab
ell poeta que, sin el,
"fuera Ell humane exis
cast en- electricO ard
en- ell ser mas ballad,
hace del efectO amor,
v del amor frenesi."
No es cierto. Sin cafe
baco los hombres puede
hasta ell ardor electricO.
amoroso, para que llegue
ST no necesita estimularS
cialmente. Suprimid la mt
ia de la imagination
breis suprimido ell amor
mo case, ell cafe Y ell tabac
misma, a condlclon
use faldas de quita y pom
tie la mujer, tabaco y 6
misma, va puede ell enamO
a los suenos nun
las mentiras er6ticas, con
rey Fernando Vi,
hasta la melancoll
muerte de dona Barbara
la mujer mas fea 9
nunca en- Espana; mas fe'
amarga, seg1n las Palaces
de la estetica, que e
Ell tabaco.
iAmargo ell tabaco! Jan
cafe? 81, como ell primer
amor: ell del asco Y los
All; pero luego -! Lueg
es ell azdcar.
Esto va dicho en- prosa'
nle prosa con que los tu,
,in dar ofdos a los poe'"
encienden Su cls'
"a no darse cuenta slqulei'
Fumamos; ESQ e
70 fuera fabricante de clg'
la propaganda al D
.os locutores de la RADIO
1e mentir, hasta en- nOmor,
Y los poetas' ~.
rectos saludables anu. 80,
,lanta aromatica Aromatic
, con contarles otra antcdot'-
Cleric pariente mic era /
al oueso. Preferia esoI
Is ope hueIen, y no a aplOi
! d;stancias enormes. Ch!
) -odo u del Puente del o5I
. .paDsnortaba a las mas J
.aiispO ~ deleite. e. pare
lecia de los ealloS' i. 4
Sc sOmetia : ssts
lei pedicura. Dlsga1a nj
la tarde, y mientra'
CPasa A La P's'4
La gaceta., 1943-07-17

iCual era ell programa del Frente PO-
pular Espanol que derrotara a los fascistas
y sus corifeos en- las elecciones de 1886, en-
Espana?
Aquf esta y pedimos a n~uestros ~lectores
que 10 lean palabra por palabra, lentamen-
te, para que aprecien mejOr, por compare
ci6n, la barbarie de los malditos agresores:
1. Complete amnistfa para los presses
politicos desde la revolution de 1884.
2. M~atenimiento de la Constitution,
Reforma del Poder Judicial, investigation
de los abuses pOliticos.
3. Desarrollo del Programa de Refor-
ma Agraria, saboteado por los gobiernos
derechistas.
a. Regulation por ell Gobierno de la
Industrial y ell Concrete.
5. Obras pGblicas para aliviar Ell des-
empleo.
6. Regulation del sistema bancario.
7. Legislation para la protection de
las mujeres y los ninos y ell establecimiento
del salario minimo.
8. Desarrollo del programa educacio-
nal en- las e~scuelas laicas.
g.. Reconocimiento de los Estatutos
aut6nomos para Catalina y Vizcaya.
10. Una politica International de paz
bajo ell convenio de la Liga de Naciones.
Era un programa que tendia a llenar
las aspiraciones populares y triunf0 en- los
comicios presididos por un gobierno que no
pertenecia a los partidos del Frente Popu-
lar.