davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-03-19

ucn j. lcIplNSMRS. lIItNbfN
recruit army and navy nurses at
the booth and the mud tracked
in has 10 be cleaned up by some
one so over to the Book she goes,
gets a mop and does work
has one of bbe boys ring II
out and then she goes back with
il. She really keeps the place
clean.
VICTORY G AR d f y: Judge
Gronkowski of HamtramCk was
seen trudging down Woodward the
nthrr-1at,-tr spade hoe and
a package of seed. That : riGhi,-lt
was all for his victory garden and
he says he is going TO have one
of the best in the state.
Kay Potts is a nurse and at the
present time her husband is SerN-
inC with the navy somewhere in
Panama. She works hard AT her
Job and says the reason Is that
maybe sometime her husband will
he in need of a nurse and she likes
to think who ever takes care Of
him Will do as good a job as She
does on her patients.
SPIRIT OF As. The young mon
al the induction center who, when
rejected, 60 off in corner and
cry with men like that this
country Will never be whipped.
so TIE lawyers don't agree: a
t,t- rag.,,af, ~ mo
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-03-19
Red Cross Goal
Short 81 100000;
Few Days 10 Go

The Rcd Cross fund drive passed
tho 81 600 GOO mark today but
with only II working days left to
raise the balance Of the 100000
quota Campaign Chairman John
". Waiting appealed 10 workers
to rcdoublc their efforts
Waiting pointed out that such
big cmployc groups rs the Hudson
Motor Car Co, the Ford Motor
Co. and EN-Ccll-O Corp had Stlll
failed 10 report.
but we cannot ret out 3d.
OO0, 900 without the thousands
of contributions from our gen
eral solicitations groups" he
added.
The top donation announced to-
day was Sll.250 from the Bur
rOughS Adding Machine Co.
Other contributions included:
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-03-19

brethren OF the bar, and lets see.
EDUCATED FINGERS: Milton
setter is the 10-ycar-old talented
music pupil at the ST. Paul School,
Crosse Pointc Farms, who viii
appear as guest artist al the
Lactarc Sunday concert by the ST
Paul Vested Choirs, Sunday. April
/ in the auditorium of the Crosse
Pointe High School.
HAT TROUBLE: 1t. Nancy
Mckenna Of the marines is a most
confusing young lady these days.
First NOu SEQ her i'm a WAVE, hat
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-03-19
Continued from Page IS)

Jackson will be greatly missed by many people
in the various groups in which been
been secretary Of the board Of The
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-03-19
By WILLIAM FLEMING

BY WILLIAM FLEMING
Thr 5e1 boy The 5-yeai-oid son
of sam 8irnkrant. the attorney
likes TO work Jig-Saw puzl.cs -. 6.
but they AVE TO have 500 sep
atatc parts or he won't even look
at them. pappy Bunkrant brought
home q 40u-pccc puzzle tho other
day and young MclvNn Wouldn t
oven open the box And he stands
tor no Interference from the folks.
SHAME OK YOU, CASPAR:
Yes. our county clerk was one of
the very icw I'M the County Build
ing ST. PatrIchs Day who didn /
wear any green He says he
bought a nice green tie bat Just
forgot to pur il on F.. The Irish
forgive you, MIR. Lingeman.
Mrs. William j. Chittenden Jr"
wife of the resident manager of
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-03-19
e.opIe
You Know

5 He Turns VI Nose
al Easy Jig Saw Puzzle.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-03-19

Dial Cherry 1900 tn arrange
for The Detroit Times Ia he
mailed 10 your man In the
service
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-03-19

to New York she has interesting apartment in
Greenwich Village....
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-03-19
Nursery Customers Find
.(SOinS ID School Is Fun
They Ask for RefiIls
OF Cod Liver Oil,
Want Faces Washed
fSee Pictures on Picture Page
By VERA BROWN

II you're sroand Charloyo'N and
Elrnwood any Of these gray March
lawns about $50 yoa'll meet two
Eear-old Larry Smith very sleepy
marching 10 school his hand IN his
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-03-19
Mrs. William J. Chittenden Jr.,

vic II The resident manager OIL
Al. TD.1I. Fs.J,l
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-03-19
Returning TO N. Y.
DOROTHY O'BRIE

formerly If Seminole ave-
nue. who mas been spend
Z, ,r.nrlr l,n..n finn, m, ~
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-03-19

confusing Young lady these da!
First YOU sec her in q WAVE h
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-03-19

so THE lawyers don't agree: A
few days ago this corner came
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1943-03-19

He loves u and be stays there
kll DAY until Mrs. EDNA Marie
smith of 800 Garland comes 10
ket him when her day : work IS
bone Larrys dad is IN an Aus
[ralian hospital. lie was wounded
h New Guinea
Evening star., 1943-10-03
What He Sees.

One new method of forecasting en-
ables lone military weatherman, to
make fairly reliable forecast based
only on what he can see and measure
at his own station. This technique was
developed by DR.. c. G. Rossby. University
of Chicago.
Evening star., 1943-10-03

fancied, are bound to occur. There are,
in the routine course, many complaints.
involving individuals or4groups. But the
point is that management and labor
have been able to settle all these diff
culties over a conference table, without
strike or violence. The vital work of the
plant has gone on-without interruption.
Every complaint, no matter how trivial
1t may sound. is investigated carefully
by the management. Mr.. Woodward said.
When the unions negotiate new con-
tracts or bring up some special problem
or grievance, colored workers always are
represented on their committees.
Recently, when labor and management
worked out an incentive plan for crane
operators, labors committee consisted of
two white women, two white men and
three colored men. There were two COL
ored workers on the last committee that
negotiated renewed contract for certain
important job classifcations
The colored artisans and laborers thus
not only are accepted into union mem
bership, but always have representation
in their councils.
OF the job. employees Of the two races
Evening star., 1943-10-03

Job he's doing whether the rivets were
overhead, on the side, on the flooring
or at some other angle. 1t would depend
on other particular conditions See?"
He opened volume that looked like a
junior edition Of an encyclopedia. 1t
was the manual which the company had
prepared. He found the section de-
voted to riveters. There were columns
of figures and strange symbols. 1t might
as well have been treatise in Sanskrlt
He smiled apologetically YOU'D
really have to know the shipbuilding in
dustry pretty we'll to understand all this"
Agreed.
But he opened huge time chart.
Here he explained, you have the
table translated Now this man was
guaranteed s120 and he actually earned
an average Of $3.50"
Even though the heads of the time
study department have been working
at the system for years, they have to
consult the manual to find out exactly
what is due a man.
Rlveters are one OF the trades given
incentive pay on a straight piecework
basis. There are other mechanics who
Evening star., 1943-10-03
these Are the Weathermen Who Set Invasion Dates

weather atlas of the whole northern
half of the world for the past 40 years is
another new forecasting aid. A separate
chart is being made for each day of that
long period, and the charts printed for
distribution to the American military
forces
Each chart is a map OF the northern
hemisphere as it would look from directly
above the North Pole. The markings on
the charts are little entries of winds, air
pressures and humidity for small regions,
large rain areas, lows, highs fronts of
advancing storm and the varying masses
Of air. So numerous are the entries that
even without any geographical lines the
outlines of the continents and seas are
clearly recognizable.
On one of these charts military FORE
caster can see at blance all the
Evening star., 1943-10-03

guaranteed If a man is on piecework,
instead Of straight hours, he is assured
an equivalent wage. Between 50 and 65
per cent OF all the work at the plant is
done under some incentive system.
We alighted from one Of the little
tram cars which carry people miles
through the labyrinths of construction
along Hampton Roads We climbed a
long stairs and entered series of Of
fees, each extending enormously and
seeming almost as wide. At scores of
desks, employees, mostly women, were
busy computing things and filling out
cards.
One Of the head men of the time study
department was presented
"Riveters?" he replied There's
standard price for them. Their pay de-
pends on the number Of rivets they drive
each hour"
That sounded simple. well. then.
riveter, say, makes 81 20 an hour. That's
his base pay. How many rivets would
he have to drive to make, say, 50 an
hour?"
The time study expert smiled toler-
antly. oh that would depend on what
Evening star., 1943-10-03
A Master Incentive Plan.

weather conditions that affected his
station at any day in the past 40 years.
He can find quickly a day when the
weather structure resembled today S
conditions in his locality. That gives him
good idea of what to look for tomorrow
ana possibly for days ahead
If a tactician wants a particular type
of weather the forecaster can find all the
periods when such weather existed and
so learn how and when that weather is
likely to recur. Each day is indexed so
that 1t can be found quickly, much as the
FBI Identifies fingerprint.
The Master Charts. -"
Two buildings at New York University
are devoted to making the master charts
and similar work is underway at the Cali
fornia Institute of Technology. Women
Evening star., 1943-10-03

make most of the entries and many of
the girls here are wives of air forces
Weathermen.
Weather experts reckon that so years
Of charts like these will make long
range forecasting possible. The charts
for 40 years are expected to be finished
in few months
The storm that blew up the night of
the Sicilian invasion, to the dismay of
most Of the fighting men in the thou
sands OF invasion craft, was picked in
advance. Col. w. o. Senter of the
weather forces says the high command
wanted very particular set of weather
conditions.
They wanted several days of good
weather for preparations on the North
African coast. They got this with off,
shore winds from the south, which left
Evening star., 1943-10-03

that shore calm while piling the seas on
the Sicilian coast.
Invasion Night Timed,
The invasion night was timed to meet
cold front coming down from Italy
and reversing the wind direction. This
front, moreover, was Of a picked size
just about wide enough to cover the space
between North Africa and Sicily-that is.
to pass over the fleet during part of one
night.
The cold front was supposed to insure
choppy water for the early landing
boats-to make them poor targets in
case Of shore fire-and calm later in
the morning. These things it did The
early landings were too choppy, causing
loss of life, but in the main the weather.
men picked what was wanted.
Students in the Army Air Forces
Training Command study many other
examples of weather's influence on
military operations.
Double-Cross Weather.
On April 3, In the Ell Guetta area of
North Africa, American airmen used
the weather to double cross the Ger
mans. There was layer of clouds over
this area German dive bombers flew
in above these clouds and higher above,
protecting them, was flight Of MesSer-
schmitts. The German fighters remained
oh S1o p1N ,Ie % iolr 0F {aL
Allied fighters. But the American fighters
stayed below the clouds and. unseen
by the Messerschmitts, they shot down
IA Stukas as the latter dived below the
clouds
For the June 80 landing on Rendova
Island in the South Pacific, Americans
took advantage of nearly stationary
wall of mist and rain clouds. hundreds
of miles long, which was swinging on
one end as a pivot, like a sloW-moving
gate. The slow swing was nothward
for three days. Under its cover the
American transports moved In and out.
Japanese Losses.
Two of Japan's heaviest losses this
year come from slips in their weather
forecasting. One was the Bismarck Sea
battle in which a Japanese fleet was
steaming to reinforce Buna under a
storm that nine times out of ten would
have afforded complete cover. This one
time the storm did an unusual thing:
1t made hairpin turn, back on its
own regular course, and left the Japa-
nese fleet wholly exposed.
The other was June 16 when "a Japa-
nese planes out of l20 were lost attack
ing Guadalcanal. The enemy squadrons
flew all the way to Guadalcanal under
a long wall-like cloud cover. Just before
the planes reached their objective, a
great gap opened in the wall, over and
all around Guadalcanal Actually this
forecasting was not bad, but its timing
was couple Of hours of.
Evening star., 1943-10-03
Workers Set New Pace Building Warhps Model Incentive Plan
BY Carter Brooke Jones.
Star Staff Correspondent,

NEWPORT NEWS, Va.-Through a
driving rain, a shift was changing at
the huge plant of the Newport News
Shipbuilding & Drydock Co. A group
of workers swung down the plank road
way and approached the vague form of
q ship taking shape in an enormous
ways.
They were laughing, kidding back and
forth. More than half of them were
white, the rest colored.
You see" said company executive.
They vanished into the obscuritv of
the day, their voices trailing after them.
White and colored workers are
treated alike" the executive emphasized.
They get the same wages for the same
sort of work, the same incentive pay
ments and their working conditions are
no different. There's no discrimination"
And no trouble?"
We've had none whatever"
we SHE'D out Of the rain and dropped
into one of the shops. A colored worker
a giant of fellow, stripped to the
waist-was watching ships shaft
emerge from, the clutches of the me-
chanical titans that cast its pattern.
How you doing, Sam?" the company
man inquired.
Right nicely, Mr.. Fred said the
worker, with a wide grin. Reckon I
won't ever do any better until the time
comes you give me that pension and
/ get me that little old place in the
country with the garden patch"
That man." the officer confided. when
we had left, lis highly skilled He makes
very good wages. He's been here many
years, and he'll be eligible for his pension
before long"
Evening star., 1943-10-03
BV Howard w. Blakeslee,

Associated Press Science Editor.
NEW YORK.-The weather is weap-
on in this war, and the Air Forces
meteorologists are seeing that the United
Nations use it to their best advantage.
1t was the meteorologists who fixed
the day for the invasion of Sicily;
they picked the one day of the Mediter-
ranean summer which had the queer
weather front needed for the amphibious
invasion.
hour when clouds would open for
bombers above a German city.
They have predicted the exact To-
minute period when planes must turn
back from a hazardous fight.
They fly with the fighting planes;
they are present in land and sea
operations.
These men are the weather eyes of
the strategists and tacticians. Their
number is military secret, but the
total exceeds that of all the weather
forecasters in the United States two
years ago.
New Methods.
These weathermen have new instru-
one method of forecasting which was not
in practice two years ago They are
making charts that probably will usher
in long range weather forecasting soon
after the war.
Before the war. five years was nedeed
to train a weather forecaster. Now it
Is done in eight months, here at New
York University and four other centers
in other parts of the country. The fly
Ing forecasters start with two years of
engineering college mathematics. or are
given its equivalent, in which case the
training takes longer than eight months
The five schools are under the Army
Air Forces Training Command, under
Maj. Gen. Barton K Yount, which also
operates Nation-Wid network of flying
and technical schools. The New York
teaching is done by the training detach-
ment under Maj. Edward j. Hanson, a
lawyer from Charlotte, N C. After
graduation, the meteorologists are under
the directorate of weather, whose chief
is Col. Don z. Zimmerman WASHINGTON
What He Sees.
One new method of forecasting en-
ables a lone military weatherman, to
make fairly reliable forecast based
only on what he can see and measure
at his own station. This technique was
developed by DR.. c. G. Rossby. University
Of Chicago.
Evening star., 1943-10-03
A Chance to Earn More.

That's long and involved matter
Well 60 into it when we get back to
the office. But a ma jority of the work
ers, nearly all our skilled labor, are on
some form of incentive payment. They
have chance to earn more than their
base wages. and they do, right along
Meanwhile, there were many interest
Ing things to see-more shops, more
ships in various stages of completion,
workers in a dozen trades contributing
their part to the vital work which the
plant is doing for the Navy. The COM
pany employs tens of thousands.
In glimpses and talks here and there
through the vast eXpanse of the ship
yard, the story which company execu-
tives had told in their offices began to
illustrate itself.
Evening star., 1943-10-03

60 their respective ways. lead their own
lives. Yet when those who work to-
gether meet on the street. its usually
with friendly greeting and perhaps a
jibe about something that happened at
the yard yesterday.
AS one company executive put il:
They respect each others ability. And
where there's mutual respect, there's
bound to be good feeling"
But what about these incentive paw
ments? How much can a good me-
chanic make?"
A Master Incentive Plan.
Our guide threw up his hands There's
whole floor Of a building devoted to
that he explained. It's called the
time study department. III take YOU
through 1t, and then you'll understand
better why I couldn't tell you orhand
what anybody made last week or is
likely to make next"
There was, previous interviews had
disclosed. basic wage of sl2O an hour
for skilled mechanics and 64 cents for
common labor Under any one of the
numerous incentive plans, this pay is
Evening star., 1943-10-03

and the CIO lost. The independent
union-hoWever, it may be classified or
regarded-has stuck
Without dipping into this controversy,
it may be observed that there have been
no strikes at the shipyard.
The company also has contract with
pattern-m makers union affiliated with
the American Federation of Labor.
Bill a veteran Welder, was asked what
he thought of industrial relations at the
plant.
Well he said, Il wouldn't care what
I belonged to, whether it was CIO or
AFL or something else, just SO we got
square deal. Well we get the prevail
ing basic wage for whatever we're doing,
and chance to make plenty more if we
want to work. That's all that counts
with me-
Evening star., 1943-10-03
A Model Shipyard.

Other, smaller shipyards and other
industries on the peninsula enjoy COM
parable racial and industrial relations.
But the Newport News shipyard has
been considered in detail because it's not
only the giant industry of the region,
but perhaps the biggest private shipyard
in the country.
Citizens of the towns that link hands
about the waters that flow toward the
Atlantic-Chesapeake Bay. the James
and York Rivers-feel that conditions in
these industries are largely responsible
for the relative tranquility Of these con-
gested communities.
With industrial workers, soldiers, SAIL
ors and marines thronging the streets Of
cities and hamlets which have doubled,
sometimes trebled, in population in few
years, with every restaurant and tavern
jammed, the civil authorities, the mill
tary police and naval shore patrols have
found surprisingly little to do And
living goes on. not too much unlike the
almost-forgotten years Of peace.
Evening star., 1943-10-03
Observation-Disclosures Team.

All this is not to contend that this or
any other big industrial plant is any
utopia, where no one ever gets a raw
deal and there are no grievances to be
aired, Much of the work at a shipvard
Is hard, gruelllng, and injustices, real or
Evening star., 1943-10-03
Here Is Peak Efficiency.

THIS Is story that many a war
stepped industrial plant might study
with prof1t-a description Of happy
racial relations, of war jobs turned out
swiftly under incentive payments. of
cooperation between management and
labor
Committees from war factories in
other sections Of the country. represent
Ing both management and labor, could
learn something here, regardless of
whether they agreed with all the plans
and methods. They'd have to admit
assuredly, that the plant produces ships,
usually ahead of contract time-with
minimum Of disSesion and friction.
Which is something these days.
For here in one of the more conserva-
tive and tradition-revered corners of
old Virginia-a State with Jim Grow laws
that require social segregation of the
races-white and colored workers are
building ships side by side, working in
harmony for an industry imperative to
the war
1t also is pertinent to point out that
approximately 80 per cent of the en-
ploves are natives of Virginia or North
Carolina
And Newport News Norfolk. Ports
mouth, Hampton, all this peninsula re-
eion has been Singularly free from the
racial troubles which have flared into
grave riots in some distant cities and
have simmered ominously in others.
Evening star., 1943-10-03

glOn, mas been SlnguldrlN tree from the
racial troubles which have fared into
grave riots in some distant cities and
have simmered ominously in others.
No Racial Troubles.
Negro leaders in this section. while
they may not approve Of all the restric-
tlons which members of their race must
observe, recently have expressed salts
faction with conditions in the shpyards
and in other peninsula industries, and
with the housing and recreation facilities
provided for Negroes
The various forms of incentive paw
ments applied without discrimination
have done much to promote harmony
and prevent poisonous feelings of in
justice and resentment from creeping in,
both management and workers at the
Newport News Shipbuildng IL Dry
dock Co. feel.
I'VE believe" said J. B Woodward ir
vice president and general manager
that Negroes have as good a chance
here. if not better, than anywhere in the
United States. They may. if thev have
the experience and ability, qualify for
the highest-paid mechanical Jobs. Their
working conditions are identical with
those of white workers"
Skilled Workers.
Between 1900 and 5000 colored men
are employed at the shipyard About
third Of these are in skilled trades.
The riveters, in fact, are nearly all
Colored
The management put up gymnasium
and recreation center for white employees.
uptown. and built an identical center
for colored workers in the section of
town where most of them live.
Two Federal projects, respectively for
vhite'and colored families, recently were
comleted and did much to relieve the
congestion of this war-swollen area. The
white development is Copeland, and it
already houses 10000 persons. The COL
ored project is NeWsome Park. and it is
filling UP rapidly. They are named re-
spectively, for white and Negro editors
of this region.
At the big shipyard, many employees.
perhaps majority, belong to the East
Coast Alliance of Independent Shipyard
Unions, which has unions in a number
of shipyards scattered along the Eastern
seaboard, in the North as we'll as in the
South.
NO Strikes at This Yard.
Years ago, the Congress of Industrial
Organizations, represented by the Indus
trial Union Of Marine and Shipbuilding
Workers of America, sent organizers into
the yard. They called the independent
organization company union and
charged before the National Labor Rela-
tions Board that employees were coerced
into joining and prevented by intimida-
ton from affiliating with the CIO.
Eventually the case got into the courts,