davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-01-25

personnel, weapons, equipment
and facilities TO maintain all the
defenSeS on a war footing for
extended periods of time, but
these deficiencies should not have
affected the decision of the re-
SponSible commanders as TO the
state of readiness TO be pre-
Scrlbed.
II The warning message OF
December Z. intended TO reach
both commanders in the field at
about 7 a. m. Hawaiian time.
Dec. z, 1871. was but an added
precaution, in view of the warn
ingS and orders previously
issued.
If the message had reached
it's destination at the time in
tended, it would still have been
TOO late 10 be of substantial use,
in view of the fact that the
commanders had failed TO take
measures and make dispositions
prior to the time of its antic-
lpatnd recent which would have
been effective TO warn of the
attack or to meet it.
15-The failure Of the officers
in the war department TO OBJ
serve that General Short, neither
in his reply of November II to
the chief Of Staff'S message of
that date. nor otherwise. had
reported the measures taken by
him, and the transmission of two
messages concerned chiefly with
sabotage which warned him not
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-01-25

Pearl Ia 5o. is an important
OUTLYING base ans Us security is
vital TO both offensive and d'icn-
sIve operations
II Is uc arTly'S il0TTdn To m.
sure TIC security 5'i Pearl iiarf7I
against hostile attack, ana the
navy function 20 support The
army indirectly by operations at
sea and directly hy making aNal,a-
able therefor such ln>'rumeniai,-
ties OF the navy as are on the YES
sells OF the feet when n harh~
and arc located O., based On shore
either temporarily or permanently.
Effective utilization of the mii-
taTy power OF tho nation is oSScn-
tIal 10 success ln Wal and requires
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-01-25
adequate Plans
Had Been Made

6-The chief OF naval opera
tionS fulfilled his command re-
SponSibility by issuing a warning
and by giving direct order to
the commander-in-chief of the
Pacific fleet in the following
words:
"This dispatch Is TO be con-
sidered a war warning. Execute
any appropriate defensive deplOy-
ment preparatory to carrying
out the tasks assigned"
THE responsible command
ers in the Hawaiian area. in full
fillment Of their obligation so 10
do. prepared plans which, II
adapted TO and used for the eX-
listing emergency, would have
been adequate.
SIN the circumstances. the
responsibility of these command
ers was 10 confer upon the queS-
ton of putting into effect and
adapting their joint defense
plans.
9-These commanders failed
TO confer with respect to the
warnings and orders issued on
and after November q, and 10
adapt and use existing plans TO
meet the emergency.
1O-The order for alert No. !
of the army command in Ha-
waii was not adequate TO meet
the emergency enviSaged in the
warning messages.
1.-THE state of readiness OF
the naval forces on the morn
ing Of December 7 was not such
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-01-25
Kept Informed
OF Negotiations

2-Thc secretary Of state full
filled his obligation by keeping
the war and navy departments
in close touch with the inter-
national situation and fully adj
-viSiuC ne m respecting the
course and probable termination
OF negotiations with Japan,
3-The sertetary of war and
the secretary of the navy full
filled their obligations by con-
ferring frequently with the sec
rotary of state and with each
other and by keeping the chief
of staff and the chief of naval
operations informed OF the course
Of the negotiations with Japan
and the significant implications
thereof
4 The chief-of-Staff and the
chief OF naval operations full
filled their obligations by con-
Sulting and cooperating with
each other and with their SUI
periorS, respecting the Joint de-
Tense OF The Hawaiian coastal
frontier: and each knew Of and
conCurred in the warnings and
orders sent by the other TO the
responsible commanders with re-
SpeCt TO such defense.
5-The Chief-of-Staff OF the
army fulfilled his command re-
sponsibility by issuing a direct
order in connection with his
warning of probable hoStilities,
in the following words:
prior to hostile japanese ac-
ton, you are directed to under
take such reconnaissance and
other measures as you deem
nanaasaru
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-01-25
Failed to Heed
Many " drningS

4 significant warning message
was communicated 10 both the
local commanders on November -.
ON November - each responsible
commander was warned that hos
tIliticS were momcntarlly possible
The warnings indicated war and
var only
Both OF these messages con-
tanned orders. The commanding
general was ordered 10 undertake
such reconnaissance and other
measures as he deemed necessary
The commander-in-chlcf of the
navy was ordered TO execute a
defensive dcployment in prepara-
ton for carrying out war tasks.
Other significant messages fol-
lowed on succeeding days. These
emphasized the impending danger
and the need for war readiness.
In this situation. during a period
OF 10 days preceding the Japanese
attack. the responsible command
erS held no conference directed
to q discussion of the meaning
of the warnings and orders sent
them. and failed 10 collaboratc
and 10 coordinate defensive meas
ureS which should be taken per
Suant 10 the orders received
Dispositions as a result of the
messages were independently made
by each commander Neither Of
them informed himself of the
measures and dispositions taken
by the other
The dispositions. so made. were
inadequate 10 meet surprise AR
attack.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-01-25
Japanese Assault
Came as Surprise

1S-The Japanese attack was
a complete surprise TO the COM
manders and they failed to make
suitable dispositions TO meet
such an attack. Each failed
properly 10 evaluate the serious
ness of the situation. These er-
rors of judgment were the etfec-
tive causes for the success OF
the attack.
19-CauSes contributory 20
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-01-25
Personnel, Arms
Both Deficient

None Of these conditions was
in fact inaugurated or main
tanned for the reason that the
responsible commanders failed
TO consult and cooperate as 10
necessary action based upon the
warnings and to adopt measures
enjoined by the orders given
them by the chiefs of the army
and navy commands in Wash
ington.
13-There were deficiencies in
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-01-25
First Shot
A orleans Fired Hour
Before Jap Raid

WASHINGTON. Jan. "a OUPD.
Tho United States unknowingly
fired the opening shot in the Pa
cific war.
A destroyer. the L. s. s. Ward,
and a naval patrol plane sank a
two-man Japanese midget sub
marine off Pearl Harbor at least
an hour and 10 minutes before the
Nipponese began their surprise air
attack December 7.
This was revealed tonight in the
Roberts investigating report
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-01-25

exhibited initiative. efficiency and
bravery in meeting the raid.
Based upon its finding OF fact
the commission reaches the follow
ing conclusions:
Effective utilization of the
military power of the nation Is
essential 10 success i'm war and
requires: first the coordination
ofthe foreign and military poll
cies of the nation: and. second.
the coordination OF the opera
tons of the army and navy.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-01-25
Summary Shows Chiefs
Failed 10 Follow Orders

WASHINGTON, Jan. "a fUP4-Foiiowins is the text
of the summary OF the important facts and The con
illusions the special commission headed by Justice Owen
J. Roberts which appointed by President Roosevelt
FIX responsibility The of the attack Hawaii
December The first palt Of me report Page 81
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-01-25

over "A period OF weeks prior 10 the
4'idck As early as October 10 the
cgUmandCrs were warned of the.
possibility Of an attack by Japan
In-LAe-l-n4ted-St4te and were
directed to take precautions and
mike preparatory dispositions in
the light OF tins information.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-09-13
18Years
Facing Freedom

NEW YORK, Sept. y INS).-
Ormund Westgate, whose days of
dread have come 10 an end after
Is years as a fugitive. was back
home today confident that he will
be formally freed in court Monday.
WeStgate, who escaped from
Joliet Prison Is years ago, came
TO New York. married and began a
new life as Patrick O'Brien, was
arrested Tuesday morning.
Yesterday Gov. Dwight II. Green
OF Illinois indicated he would not
seek WeStgate's return there to
finish out life term he was serv-
ing when he escaped.
Westgate, the model father"
OF 9-year-old son, yesterday was
paroled in the custody of the Rev.
Harold +. Smith. his parish priest.
pending the hearing in court
Monday.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-09-13
CONSTANCE BENNETT AND PETER BENNETT PLANT, 1S
why he's Phil Plants son, she says.

HOLLYWOOD, Sept. u CUP).
Actress Constance Bennett to-
dav coolIy disputed the "unin-
formed remarks" Of her elder
sister. Barbara. regarding the
parentage of 13-year-old Peter
Bennett Plant.
Barbara, wife OF Addison Ran
dali. film cowboy, made deposi-
tionS produced in probate. court
at Groton. Conn, that indicated
he belief the boy was the adopted,
not natural. son of Constance and
the late Phil Plant, whose $3.50, 900
estate is in dispute.
IL am not responsible for the
uniformed remarks made by
Mrs. Randall, whom I have not
seen for a number of years."
Constance said. "I adopted our
son month before being di-
vorced from Mr.. Plant 20 pre-
vent any possible attempt 10
take the boy away from me and
I intend TO prove I'm court that
he II the son OF Mr.. Plant"
The actress said she would APP
peal last weeks probate court
ruling only 10 establish the boys
parentage. She denied she sought
any part of Plants estate The
dispositions from Barbara were
taken in Los Angeles on behalf
Of Mrs. Mae Manwaring Hayward,
Plants mother, who contended the
child was not born 10 Miss Ben
nett and her son.
Miss Bennett who Is married 10
actor Gilbert Roland and has a
second child. had nothing more
to say" regarding her relations
with Mrs. Randall. 1t was known
however. that they have had little
10 do with each other for several
years. but neither will speak Of an
arrangement nor discuss their
personal affairs. They met a year
ago at their mothers funeral.
Constance has until next Friday
TO appeal the ruling of the Con-
necticut court.
Barbara, who retired from the
movies 10 rear her first husband :
five children whose custody she
now seeks in another litigation.
said in her deposition that Con-
stances claim that Peter was her
natural son came as a surprise -
81 unde rstand he was
adopted" the dispositions read.
IVY mother told me he was
found In Ireland.
II wrote Marjorie King (Phil
Plants widow last January 81
and told her I thought the child
was adopted. Later Marjorie
came to Hollywood and then I
told her lawyer about H."
Mrs. Hayward contended that
Peters real name was Dennis
Arthur Armstrong and that he
was found in England by Miss
Bennett and Plant and adopted
in Nice, France, in 1880.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-09-13
Shoe Strike Shrinks
To 700 in HaverhiII

HAVERHILL, Mass, Sept. u
(INS) .-Haverhills one-week shoe
workers strike, affecting nearly
1900 men in Is factories shrank
to 700 strikers today in one plant.
The remainder of the strikers,
members of the Go union, agreed
TO return TO work Monday after
accepting a compromise ia per
cent wage increase offered by the
manufacturers as against 10 per
cent demanded.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-09-13
Catholic Boy Scouts
To Attend Field Mass

Boy Scouts representing parishes
Throughout the city will meet at
the Sacred Heart Seminary, Lin
wood avenue at Joy road, Sunday.
September 20, for the annual field
mass for Catholic scouts, at 10
a. m, leaders revealed Saturday.
The gathering will mark the
first presentation of the AID Altare
Die Award 10 scouts from the
various councils who have qualified
for the honor.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-09-13
i. 5. Tries 10 Settle
Plane Paris Strike

Federal conciliators were at
tempting Saturday to arrange a
conference in an effort TO end the
wildcat strike of $50 employees of
the II. and II. Tube and Manufac-
turing Company. 263 North For
man avenue, which has halted the
manufacture OF vital airplane
parts.
The employees went on strike
Friday afternoon in protest against
discharge of a worker, Pierce
Wright, company attorney, said.
According TO Wright, the company
makes airplane parts for a COM
pany in New York which will have
to close down by Monday If the
strike continues.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-09-13
Bdyonet Class
To Go on Air

\ NEW YORK. Sept - GNS)
Demonstration on the use OF
bayonetS and detailing tho duties
OF each member OF BIZ
bomber'S crew Will highhght the
war departments official Army
Hour tomorrow on the MIC net
work from 3:30-i:30 p m.
a group of WAACs Will he
heard singing the official song
Of their organization from Fort
DeS MoineS. Ia
From Fort Sam Houston, near
San Anton, Tex Capt Max
Bronckhorst will he heard instruct
ing a class in the use of the bay
onet.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-09-13
Limit Is Off
lCC Voids Laws Regulating
Length OF Trains

y WASHINGTON, Sept L (UP).
The. Interstate Commerce Com
mission ruled today that for the
duration of the war all railroad
carriers may disregard present
regulations as to tho length Of
trains when necessary TO assure
L~ompt movement of freight or
passengers.
The ruling suSpcndS laws now in
effect i'm several states limiting
the length of freight trains TO not
more than one-half mile, the num-
Der of freight cars in a train to 20,
and the number Of cars in a
passenger train TO Ia or is.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-09-13
YugosIdv GuerriIIds
Peril ItdIy's Oil Supply
Photo by International New, Photo

LONDON, Sept y tINSl- The
Italian army has launched a full
fiedged offensive against Yugoslav
guerrilla patriots who, under Gen.
Draja Mikhailovitch. are seriously
threatening Italy's oil supply.
Reuters reported today, from the
Italian frontier.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-09-13
Ndzi Air Raids
Pack Morgues
In Murmansk
U. S. Sea Captain Tells
Of Constant Bombings;
Hit in Rat Holes

MIAMI, Fla, Sept. II (UP).-
The Germans rained bombs on
Murmansk so heavily last spring
that morgues in the city were
piled 10 the ceiling" with bodies,
Capt. A. w. Pearson Of Brook
Ign, n. Y, said today.
Captain Pearson arrived here
by ship after journeying through
Europe, Africa and South America
on his way home from Murmansk.
He was taken to Murmansk after
a ship on which he was travelling
as a passenger was torpedoed and
sunk in the North Sea last May.
During the raids, he said. he
usually took shelter in rat holes.
There wasn't a rat hole I'm
Murmansk that hadn't been
into while lodging those bombs"
he said.
After a raid, he went to public
morgue searching for the body of
an English acquaintance killed
during one Of the 195 bombing at
tacks which occurred while he was
in the city.
1.-THE room was packed TO the
ceiling with bodies" he said.
Raids came at regular intervals
Captain Pearson said. When the
dogs in the street heard the bomb
ers coming, they ran for shelter.
Shortly afterward, the chickens
huddled together in groups. Then,
the planes arrived.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-09-13
364 Jap Ships
Blasted Since
Pearl Hdrbor
Army and Navy Report
Sea Toll, List ~
U. S. Vessels Sunk
BY JOSEPH A. BORIS
International News Service stan Writer

WASHINGTON. Sept. 12.-
Japanese sea losses today were
placed at 364 warships, auxiliary
vessels and supply craft sunk and
damaged by American army and
navy forces, according TO an UNI
official tabulation based on COM
muniques issued since the start Of
the Pacific conflict.
Approximately one half the
total, or 1S1, were warships OF all
types and the remainder were
transports, cargo and supply ships
and miscellaneous craft. The
tabulation was based on com
muniques issued by the war and
navy departments and Cen. Doug
las MacArthur'S headquarters IN
Australia
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-09-13

The very first thing your docket Monday, should
be date with FinsterwaId's. You may bank on It, IL
will be both pleasant and profitable. PIeasant-be-
cause OF the splendid quality and smart appearance
OF the clothes. Profitabe-because here are savings
tor YOU that may not occur again for long time to
come You'll be in good, exciting company, too, for
we expect an old-time rush. Better be among the
first. Every suit, every overcoat, every topcoat
this blowout Remember, Monday, 8 A. NJ. to p. M.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-09-13
Seven Carriers Sunk

Most important, the grand score
shows one japanese battleshIp and
seven aircraft carriers sunk and
six battleships and six aircraft
carriers damaged by United States
naval and army air forces.
Next in Importance 50 far as
sea power is concerned IS the
score against Nipponcse cruisers,
ia sunk ard-36 damaged. The
japanese have used their cruiser
strength reckleSsly in efforts 10
smash American sea power and 10
gain invasion detectives.
Naval men warn that this does
not mean the japanese navy has
been dealt a GRIPPING blow. but
they point out that losses 10 date
apparently are responsible for the
fact that the enemy has made no
sea attack i'm force since the
American victory al Midway.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-09-13
MacArthur's Ship Toll

The first fairly accurate over
all picture of damage TO Nipponese
seapower was. made possible by a
recent recapitulation from Mac
Arthur's headquarters, while h
stated that American and United
Nations airmen in the southwest
Pacific destroyed or damaged at
least 6S enemy ships Of all kinds.
While the war department has
issued no estimate OF Nipponse
losses since Macarthur took over
supreme command in Australia,
communicates on early phases OF
kthe Pacific conflict credited the
)army air forces with at least 30
enemy ships destroyed or bombed
in the Philippines and the East
Indies.
A summary OF navy commune
cues lists l29 combat vessels and
ll8 enemy non-combatant vessels
as sunk or damaged by naval
forces since the start of the war,
against a loss OF 40 United States
naval vessels sunk 10 date by
enemy action. 10 prevent capture
or by accidents at sea.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1942-12-12

The story Of Army chaplains be-
san ss far b.ck in mir history as
-. ~ - a..
INT ne' o'u ''o''aiS "ai' VIC" Ne"
eFal washington issued Inc hrSt
call foR minister Of the gospel.
Thev contracted for six months or
,.o,.,. so-,.f,a -, tho s,uo bssis
:. .,.roo,- - ~ 5av ~ roithor
sao.5,.e5 rar,,.i.l;orr &c ~,
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1942-12-12
Installation
OF Officers At
Church Sunday

The Russell Stree: Baptist church
is holding installation services Of
their new pastor. Rev. Stephen Call
houn Campbell The services began
Sunday, Dec, 6. snd Will continue
throughout sundt Dec 10, ending
Monday night, December IA, with a
fellowship banquet. ,
Rev. Campbell recently resigned
his pastorage Of IS years from the
St. Paul Baptist church in Ander-
son, S. c., 10 take up his duties
here as pastor of the Russell Street
Baptist church.
Among those taking part in the
services are: Rev. Lee 7. Clay, pas
tor of the Peace Baptist church;
Rev r. W. Wright pastor % the
New Mt Zion Baptist church; Rev.
J. c. Nobel, pastor of the Greater
King Solomon Baptist church; Rev.
B, A. Robinson Of Kalamazoo, and
Rev H. NJ. Carol, pastor Of Scott
Methodist church.
Each minister is bringing his
choir and congregation.
Sunday, Dec. 10, Rev, H. W. D.
Stewart OF Greenville, s. c., will
deliver the sermon at morning and
evening worship Sunday afternoon
at 3 o'clock a gre community pro-
gram will be rendered. Expressions
Will be made from various groups,
fratcrnitics: Booker T Washington
Trade Association, Negro Press.
Ministers Alliance. and Community
Business. Musical renditions will be
made by the combined choirs Of the
church.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1942-12-12
Young St. Cyprian
Youth In Campaign

Jacqueline Dunlap member Of ST.,
Cyprians Young Peoples Fellow
ship, has been appointed member
Of a team representing the diocese
in a roundtable educational fellow
ship campaign in the interest Of
the United Movements OF Christian
Youth. This is the uniiying youth
movement OF the Episcopal church.
Last week at ST. Joseph's church
on Woodward avenue. Rev NAL
colin G. Dade at the invitation Of
Bishop Creighton, read the htany
in the service Of ordination of
three candidates for the Episcopal
ministry. g.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1942-12-12
CARDS OF THANKS

To the people and friends OF the
deceased. MIR. Herman Murrell:
Your kind expression OF sympathy
is gratefully acknowledged an d
deeply appreciated.
Mrs. Herman Murrell.
The Sojourner Truth Unit of the
American Red Cross wishes to
thank FIR. and Mrs. Dadc, Mrs.
Maud Morris, Mrs. Ictta Jones. Mrs.
Margaret Morris. Mrs L. Payne,
Mrs. A. Dennis. Mrs. Dorothy Ste
ger and her group, Miss Barbara
Russell, Miss Louise Bethel, Miss
Elain Robinson and brother, and
all members and friends who helped
make our tea success.
Also We thank the Labor Of Love
Circle OF Kings Daughters, The
Triangle Club, OF St. Cypriau. and
The Primitive Baptist church, for
thcri donations.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1942-12-12

summoned an ambulance which
took Mrs. johnson to her home, 2lO
East Garfield boulevard She never
rcgained consciousness. Mrs john
son had apparently been in per-
feet health prior to this illness.
Surviving are her widower,
Rudolf; mother. Mrs. Mary
Brown and a host OF other relatives.
Mr. and Mrs. johnson were mar
ried in February Of 1884. She was
a member Of the La Rositas club.
and was prominent in civic and
social circles, The body was shipped
10 Birmingham. Ala. for burial.
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1942-12-12
INDUS 7 RIAL
ARTS TOPIC OF
LA. EDUCATORS
LCTA list Annual Confab
Says Solution To L. S.
ManpOwer Problems

c11pEy-FpORT lathe
.-.--,e.....asi IN
increasing siSIliilCdllSe Vi III
dustrial arts and vocational
.5,,a..io, a.. ,otont factors in
euuN d 'iOi % P' -,
the immediate solution VI lhe
rnanpower problem in the South
- .A~o,,-to,+ America was evil
''1 '''' -.--,.,a .. .ho
oehcea from 0'7I-Ss'o''S ''e'-
for'y-flrst annual session Oh Int
LCTA here this week,
" A. Wheeler. chairman oil inc
department OF industrial arts and
vocational education and CO.
6rdiaator in the industrial arts
Booker T. Washington high sehooi'
New Orleans. stressed that 'dehnite
economic and social goods shouid
bet set up in each parish; unskliieo
manpower has caused q handicap
that is burden during the present
war There should be an adaptation
Of school Life TO a variety OF typical
situations found outside OF the
school walls Il its work is 10 be
effective"
industrial arts development have
been Slow but bright unfortunately
q war was necessary 10 develop d
70 its present height asserted
Victor A. Label, instructor IN IN
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1942-12-12
Moline Mechanic
Joins Air Corps

MOLINE. Ill - Alfred NJ Cor.
ham, chairman Of the legal redress
committee OF the tri-city NAACP
was sworn in as the first Negro
aviation cadet by the Peoria district
office this week Gorham enlisted
as a private and was placed on re-
serve.
The new flying cadet is expected
to be assigned in a few months TO
the flying school at Tu kegee, Ala
for basic training where the famous
99th Pursuit Squadron is located
Gorham, who formerly lived in
Waukesha, has been a resident here
for almost a year and is employed
as skilled mechanic. Since coming
to Moline he has been closely iden-
tilted with civic affairs and the