davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1942-05-10
ENTERTAINMENTS FATE SOON TO BE FIXED
What Remains Of Britons Eastern Empire Hangs Boonce

Military authorities in Washington
and London expect active fighting to be
resumed in the Mediterranean and Near
East some time this month.
The British, with our help, are girding
for grim battle, and the fate of what
remains OF Britains eastern empire
hangs on the outcome of the coming
struggle, which will be intense and bitter.
The United Nations are prepared for
the blow, and 1t Is not likely that there
will be repetition of Allied experiences
in Norway, Greece. Malaga and Burma.
What little official information has
been released to the public in recent
months indicates that the British Army,
backed by American motorized forces
and modern warplanes, is ready for the
Nazi onslaught and has better than an
even chance Of repulsing the attack,
although losses will be sustained at first
when the Nazis, who have the initiative.
strike the first blow
A New Historical Period?
The British are as much aware as
ourselves Of the Importance of the forth
coming struggle, and are endeavoring to
meet the danger in advance by stepping
up their raids on Nazi-held territory in
Europe, in the hope of diverting from
the Mediterranean area enough Luft-
waite units to bring the Axis air force
there somewhere near parity with the
Allied forces.
Like many Americans. the British
note the significance of two strikingly
similar dates. One was 1892, when Co
lumbus discovered America, marking the
beginning of new historical cycle. The
other is 1912, the year Singapore fell
into the hands of Japs, an event which
also may mark the transition into a new
historical period with the end of white
supremacy in Asia.
If British rule in the Mediterranean
collapSes this year under the blows of
Hitler and his associates, 1912 will mark
the end Of historical cycle in more
ways than one, and many fear that re-
gardless Of whether Hitler is finally de-
feated. the British Empire in Asia will
be thing of the past.
1t is not pleasant to discuss such a
possibility, but it Is possibility to be
reckoned with nonetheless. If Britain
and America manage to hold the Euro
pean and Near East fronts against the
Axis there will still be hope of restoring
the British Empire-in modified form
There is no possibility even now, Of re-
storing Britains Far East empire in all
its magnitude.
The Nazis, and especially Hitler, are
playing dangerous card when they
undertake to destroy the British Empire.
The Nazi leaders are grinly intent on
saving their own necks. Hence they 60
bindly ahead, trying to destroy the
Evening star., 1942-05-10
On Other Fronts

Ridiculing German threats Of spring
offensive as "a testers tale" Russian
sources boasted last week that "the Red
Army will carry on the offensive in the
spring the year of 1912 will be q
year of complete defeat Of the enemy
hordes"
For weeks past, the pattern of spring
fighting on the long Russian German
front has been one of aerial exchanges
and slashing local engagements without
concerted offensive action by either side.
Principal cause probably is Russian
weather, thaws which have left morasses
of mud where before were seas of snow
and which have swelled the country's
rivers into broad, uncrossable lakes
From Berlin have continued complain
ing communiques. from Moscow have
come less extreme but con-
Sprino sistent claims Of substantial
Drive? Naz losses in the Leningrad.
Moscow and Donets sectors.
German Finnish efforts to drive at Len
ingrad from the Karelian Isthmus like
wise were reported halted.
Having important bearing on this lat
ter uheater was disclosure this week Of
another major naval engagements
half-week's running clash between Nazi
sea raiders and two heavily guarded
British conveys travelling the important
Arctic supply line to Murmansk or
Archangel.
Acknowledged losses for one loaded
convoy consisted of three ships, for q
return-bound convoy one ship and the
1o,0O0-ton cruiser Edinburgh. Berlin ac-
knowledged loss of five planes and seri-
GUS damage TO one destroyer, but London
implied that q greater toll had been
exacted.
In a recapitulation of another theater
of maritime war, incidentally, London
estimated 1878, 900 tons of Axis merchant
shipping sunk in the Mediterranean in
two years.
And continuing their redemption OF
the pledge to deal Hitler's Luftwaffe "a
terrible summer" r. A. F. flyers roamed
daily and nightly over Nazi-enslaved Eu-
rope to pound at Stuttgart, Pilsen.
LIE Havre, Hamburg and other German
industrial detectives.
On the home front, civilian Americans
prepared to live on less than usual sugar
and with only gallons of gasoline per
week-while the Army planned to reduce
the number of civilians by expanding its
enrolment to an eventual 5000 900 men.
Evening star., 1942-05-10
By Constantine Brown.

British Empire. apparently in the belief
that the japanese are not strong enough
to expel the white race from Asia and
that the Germans will replace the British
as the dominant element there.
Whatever their thoughts for the future
may be, 1t Is becoming more and more
evident that the Germans, assisted by
the Italians, will make a supreme effort
to dislodge the British from the whole
area between Gibraltar and India. Berlin
has decided, according to the best avail
able reports, to risk everything in that
battle.
In their task the Nazis will be assisted
by the French government. under the
leadership of the quisling, Pierre Laval.
Although the French still maintain what
they call neutrality, the actions of the
Laval government leave little doubt that
it intends to cooperate 100 per cent with
its Nazi sponsors.
1t was Laval who, in 1910, effected the
surrender of Indo-C China to the Japanese,
surrender which contributed more than
anything else to the conquest Of Malaga
and Singapore by the japanese. Again
1t is Laval who Is dealing with Berlin
and Toxic for the surrender of Frances
vital bases to the Axis
Germans are in large numbers every
where in French territory, from Dakar
and Casablanca on the Atlantic coast to
Tunisia in the Mediterranean. NaH
forces are being surreptitiously trans
ferred to Tunisia to reinforce Field Mar
shall Erwin Rommel's army, which Is sup
posed to strike at Egypt by land while
the Axis planes strike at the British fleet
and naval bases from Gibraltar to Alex
andria.
Beaten to Punch in Madagascar.
There Is one point however, where the
Allies have got the jump on the Axis and
its French neutrality-suspicious. The
British invasion of that French island
was prompted by the fact that Laval had
pledged himself to surrender that most
vital strategic stronghold which domi-
mates the sea routes from the Cape OF
Good Hope to the Persian Gulf and the
Red Sea.
The former Vichy Vice Premier, Ad-
miral Jean F. Darlan, had taken steps
to forestaIl an Allied coup on Madagascar
even before Laval took over the govern
ment. He had sent a naval squadron,
and as soon as Laval took Office he
ordered two heavy cruisers to Madagas-
car. in the hope of preventing a United
Nations landing. He anticipated the
British attempt to seize the Diego Saurez
naval base
The Germans attribute as much i'm
portance to Madagascar as to Dakar and
Casablanca. From Dakar the Nazi stra-
tegists look to direct conflict with the
United States through . clash Of the
Evening star., 1942-05-10
In Southeast Asia

Japanese arms, still incredibly powerful
depite their widely dispersed emphasis,
scored undisputed advantages in the
Burma theater of war again this week.
With Mandalay and Lashio already in
enemy hands and British and Chinese
armies split, Nipponese conquest OF an
other country was militarily assured and
operating points provided for invasion
of both China and India.
Indications of the week were that in
ltlal attention would be dealt to China
the objective an invasion
Burmo thrust at Chungking along
Bottle the very Burma road that
for so long has been China's
principal life line.
On Tuesday one Jap column began
this thrust by crossing Burmese Chinese
frontier, some 80 miles north of Lashio
and less than TOO miles from Chungking
Deeper into Yunnan Province, Nip air
planes hammered at possible concentra-
ton points for defenders. Despite this
relentlessly efficient offensive tactic by
Japs, however, Chang Kai-shek's i'm
passively stubborn troops seemed to have
thrown up new point of prolonged re-
sistance near Chefang and to have halted
momentum of initial Jap break through.
Meanwhile, Chinese Army under Amer
lean Gen. Stilwen remained in action
in Burma proper-endangering flank of
Jap column, but incurring risk of being
cut off or encircled.
Most superficial consideration OF Chi
nese military position and their supply
problem makes evident how gravely this
two-month conquest of Burma may af-
feet further fighting fortunes of one of
our three major Allies.
Although years of costly aggression
have not yet brought to Japan her vic
tory over China. they have served slowly
to build modern version OF "the great
wall of China" around that nation-to
Evening star., 1942-05-10
Ross
CONTINUED From Page BID

together under such terms as ISOLATION
lists. appeasers, defeatists, Fascists. But
none of the usual labels covers them all.
1t can only be said of them, as a whole.
that they represent the "divisionist'
strength in the United States.
Recent studies which have been made
for the Government indicate that there
are perhaps 100000 adults in the United
States who may be classed as Fascists or
Fascist sympathizers. They are the
nucleus of the divisionist strength.
In addition, there are the groups who
are Indifferent to the outcome of the war
or who are so hostile to the administra-
ton and to the United Nations concept
as to be ripe for proposals of a nego-
tiated peace short of victory. 1t Is i'm
possible to estimate the size of these
groups They form the fertile ground for
the propaganda of the out-and-out Fas-
cist cells.
Analysis Of the divisionist line of at
tack reveals these main theses:
That further fighting can produce only
q NSASoo Vi q oIdACAiooS, iiCiiSC VIC oiioQ1Si
seek a negotiated peace.
That we should limit our war effort to
the continental United States and the
waters Immediately adjacent. "Our real
enemy Is Japan
That Great Britain sold us bill of
goods" Further aid should be refused
to Britain and Russia, and we should
decline to join either of them in any
postwar collaboration.
That the war should be converted into
crusade against Bolshevism. Stain
Is too strong and unless checked will
overrun Europe"
That Roosevelt got us into the war at
the behest of the Jews and the Commu-
nists.
That the administration is dominated
by Communists and American democracy
will be lost during the war.
That the cost of the war will bankrupt
the Nation.
That the world should be divided into
three spheres of influence. We taking the
Americas.
Evening star., 1942-05-10

rival air forces in South America. But
from Madagascar the Nazis expected to
destroy British power in East and South
Africa.
Opposite Madagascar, on the African
mainland, lies Mozambique, Portuguese
possession guarded by a few hundred
militiamen armed with little more than
shotguns. The consequences Of Axis oc-
cupation Of that practically undefended
territory-a result which would follow
Axis seizure Of Madagascar like night
follows day-would be incalculable.
If the Nazis could establish themselves
in the Portuguese colony. an event which
will not come to pass if the British con-
tinue to intrench themselves firmly on
Madagascar, they would be able to inter-
rupt communications by land and air be-
tween North and South Africa At the
same time they would threaten the Union
Of South Africa as well as the British
colonies of Tanganyika and Kenya.
Britains African empire would be as
deeply shaken by such a development as
her Asiatic empire was by the japanese
Ol
Restless Minority in South Africa,
The Union of South Africa Is firmly
welded to the empire, but it has a mi
nority headed by Gen. James B. Herzog,
traditional enemy of Britain, which
might attempt to fish in troubled waters.
AS long as the Nazis remain far away
this minority is of no consequence. What
Gen. Herzog and his crowd would do II
the Nazis became their next-door neigh
bors is difficult to say, but those who
know the character of this politician
believe he would be willing to undermine
the British hold on South Africa in order
to obtain what he call Freedom" for
the dominion.
British forces in Kenya and the other
East African territories are not strong
enough to meet a NaI aggression II the
AXIS ever break through the present de-
lenses In the Eastern Mediterranean.
But all this may now be avoided II the
British complete their occupation of the
island.
Washington military quarters point
out that the United States has fully
approved the action of the British and
has guaranteed the French people tho
return of that important possession In
the Indian Ocean, to scotch any suspi-
cion that the United Nations have taken
Madagascar for keeps.
Madagascar had to be taken from
Vichy. for Lavals negotiations with the
Axis for its surrender were too far gone
to waste any more time. It Is essential
that an Allied force be In occupation
OF that strategic point II the Nazis suc.
coed In dislodging Britain from the East
een Mediterranean and the Red Sea.
Evening star., 1942-05-10
By Joseph A. Ra,ylinss,
Wide World News.

gram, 1t will force fundamental changes
in colleges and universities the country
over, because only recognized higher
educational system can justify the sup
port of the public"
IN the long run, he said in an inter-
strengthen rather than weaken the posi-
ton of the colleges.
I'm every crisis with which it has been
confronted in the past SO years" he said,
American education has been betrayed
into doing the expedient thing.
During the depression education
tried to justify itself on the basis of its
practically. 1t attempted to show that
it merited support because 1t operated
on a service-station basis. Vocational
courses were added to the curriculum
by the hundreds.
Since the outbreak of the war. educa-
ton has, of course. volunteered to make
every possible contribution toward VIC
tory.
But it offers the same answer-adding
only the element of patriotism.
1T creates war courses, including sew
ing and blackout driving. These war
courses are largely absurd and the first
ones to recognize the fact are the stu
dents to whom they are offered.
The only place, If any, for these in
formational courses, is in an extra
curriculum program.
'The only waste the educational sys-
tenn admits at the moment is the vaca-
ton periods. So the vacations are elini-
mated and the added time Is used to give
the student 48 hours of more confused
instruction than he has experienced in
36 hours before the war.
Must BE Practical.
Education in a total war must be
practical. But 1t can be practical only
| If 1t is sound. 1t can be sound only If
| 1t holds to Its fundamental purpose,
which Is rigorous intellectual training.
THE physicists. the chemists and the
doctors whom the country needs will not
be produced by an extraneous course or
| two.
Resort TO the expedient did not pro-
tect education during the depression II
Evening star., 1942-05-10
EDUCATORS HIT SHORTER COLLEGE COURSE
Dr. Hutehns Defends Chicago as Practical
.Ryins


The new Chicago plan has the edu-
cation world boiling.
A coast-to-coast debate started when
President Robert Maynard Hutchins of
the University of Chicago, long a foe of
tradition for traditions sake, announced
that the university would award the
bachelor of arts degree at the end of
the sophomore year of college instead of
at conclusion of the age-old four-year
collegiate course.
The point of Dr. Hutchins' announce
ment, which exploded in an educational
world already beset by sagging enroll
ments and other war repercussions was
this:
That. for generations the schools
starting with the grades and up through
the college level-had been taking is
years to provide their students with
formal general education, whereas they
eould-and should-do the job in IA.
The implication that two full years
have been wasted in the general training
leading to the bachelor of arts degree
drew response ranging from high praise
to bitter denunciation.
DR.. Hutchins says the time to stop
waste is now.
The change was not. he emphasized,
something that just popped out of a
clear sky as an accelerated program
growing out of the exigencies of the
war. but was another move in a long
series of fundamental changes, all point
Ing toward one basic thing
Clarification Of the organization and
cation.
Groundwork Laid in 1897.
Part of the groundwork came in 1887
when the university established a four
year college combining the last two years
of the university's high school with its
present college.
Aaron J. Brumbaugh dean of students,
said this step was "a recognition of the
unity of general education
Under the usual system" he said, "a
student begins his general education in
high school, and then interrupts it by
graduation.
Next he is put in junior college. or
In liberal arts college, to continue his
interrupted education.
There Is no reason for his inter-
ruption. The process of acquiring a
general education should be continuous
Because of the interruption there is
no close educational relationship be-
tween the curriculum of the high school
and the curriculum Of the junior college
FOR the first years Of college Some
times there Is a duplication OF high
school work in these upper units"
The university describes the course
leading to the new bachelors degree as
normally a four-year course, beginning
with the Junior year in high school
President Hutchins, in one of his few
replies to critics, so Informed the South
ern Association Of Colleges and Secon-
dairy Schools, which was among the
groups voicing opposition.
Students who have completed two
years of high school are eligible for ad-
mission. Transfer students may enter
at various points. Properly qualified
high school graduates from traditiona.
four-year high schools will normally re.
quire but two years to complete thei,
work for the >hachelor's degree.
As Preside pt HutchinS views the pro
Evening star., 1942-05-10
Americas Twenty-Second Week of War
(140th Week of World War ~
Bv John g. Henry.

The thunder OF great throughout
tropical waters of the
rolling the Coral
victory
Tor Corregidor, for the
NOT Tor days yet perhaps months will full
greatest naval
mas been important loss of ships lives
reports
hours has carried the toll highbut in
direction of American
Almost ship for ship this direct
two principal foes of the
lts outcome the
warsthose who fight along with
Evening star., 1942-05-10

and Savagery.
In brief recapitulation, this great en-
gagement seems to have started early in
the week when Allied reconnaissance
units spotted strong Jap naval forces
moving southwark through the Solomon
Islands and Louisiade Archipelago, the
route by which sea attack would be
launched on either Port Moresby, New
Guinea or upon Australia itself.
United bombers. growing prodigiously
IN strength in recent weeks, took their
first toll of this Jap fleet with the sinking
OF transport. announced on Thursday.
That afternoon, however, the full scope
OF the clash became evident as the Navy
Department here announced
Solomons triumphantly that eight Jap
Closh vessels, including seven war
ships, had been sunk in
naval-alr action at an acknowledged loss
OF only three American planes.
From then on. sensation followed SEN
sation as a flood of communicates from
Washington, from United headquarters
In Australia, from London and from
Toxic brought new details.
In the face of incomplete, overlapping
and conflicting accounts, an accurate
balance sheet is still out of reach, but
IN the score of enemy ships claimed sunk
or badly damaged were two aircraft car
r1ers, two heavy cruisers, two light
cruisers, several destroyers and miscel-
laneous smaller ships
Countering United claims, TOXIC cred
tied Its fighters with sinking one Ameri
can battleship and two aircraft carriers
and heavily damaging one British battle
ship and heavy cruiser. The Japs also
claimed they destroyed SO Allied planes.
London and Washington disputed the
record from Toxic.
The repulse of the Japanese at the
cost now indicated by claims of Jap
ships sunk or damaged might end for
all time Nippon's threat at the Aus
tralia-New Zealand theater, with ac-
cumulation of Allied strength to a count
erofensive peak made that much easier.
Evening star., 1942-05-10

will not protect education during the
war, or after 1t. Education can save
itself only by defining clearly what 1t is
Nying to do, and establishing the organ
ization which will achieve those ends.
Every young American should have
q chance to get liberal education But
the colleges will not give the bachelor s
degree, which is the symbol of that edu-
cation, unless the student spends un-
necessary years absorbing a mixture of
general and specialized education.
I'VE can give a general education in
IA years. There is no reason why We
should take more time than that to do it.
That is the kind of waste the educational
system should eliminate
by recognizing the essential differ
ence between general education and
specialized education. the colleges and
the universities will have a defensible
position. They can get support.
General education can easily be COM
pleted by the end of the sophomore year
In college. Students who have neither
the interest nor the ability which spe-
cialization requires should not be al
lowed to proceed beyond this point
But the Junior and senior years OF
our colleges and universities are crowded
with mediocre students who 90 on to
the bachelors degree because that is
the only recognizable reward that college
offers.
COmpljcates Graduate Work.
Their presence makes it impossible
to develop a worthwhile program for
those students who are qualified to &C
on. Their presence also complicates the
work for the masters degree, which is
regarded simply as one-year addendum
significant chiefly because one cannot
get job teaching in high school with
out it.
THE university now proposes to give
meaning to the end Of the period OF
general education by awarding the
bachelors degree for such accomplish
ment.
Some educators fear that such a re-
form means the end of their institutions
They are refusing to face the facts.
I'm this war it will not be long before
the colleges lose all their non-technicaI
students in the Junior and senior years
both men and women The local junior
colleges are likely to absorb most of the
freshmen and sophomores.
The colleges can reorganize to take
in the last years of high school and SC
have the framework in which to admin
lister sound general education. The
stronger of them can provide for their
better students an additional three-yeal
program leading to the masters degree
The junior colleges, which are the
fastest growing part of higher education
do not at the moment have logical re-
lationship to the educational organiza-
ton
They are tWo-year units. BY taking
in the last two years of high school, ano
so providing a four-year program, theil
position will be regularized and strength.
ened.
The colleges and the universities
have nothing to fear from such reor-
ganization. On the contrary, they will
have a logical case to present to the
public-and they viii do q better Job ot
] education"
Evening star., 1942-05-10
On Correqidor

Balancing the spectacularly successful
seizure of one island bastion by the
United Nations was the final loss ON
Wednesday Of another-the fortress is
land Of Corregidor.
For 28 days, gallant American Filipino
forces, cut of from all reinforcement
and fresh supplies, had undergone con-
Evening star., 1942-05-10


greatest battle World War H. The fight
continued Coral
Nations supply line to Australia then norUard
the Allied feet repused the
Evening star., 1942-05-10

all-out effort on behalf Of India and
already recorded as plenty tough on the
basis of almost daily assaults at Jap
concentrations in Burma.
Evening star., 1942-10-23

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