davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Dayton forum. [volume] (Dayton, Ohio) 1913-1949, 1942-02-06
BEECHER GETS


WASHINGTON, Feb, 5.---Mark
r. Ethridge, chairman of the
Presidents Committee on Fair
Employment Practice. today an
nounced the appointment Of John
Bceehcr, Birmingham, Ala, MS q
field representative Of the com.
mittee.
Al former editorial writer, and
government worker, Beecher
knows the problems Of both Me-
gioes and whites In the South.
He will work with the committee
IN correcting the grievances of
minority group workers discrim-
mated against in defense indus
tries and government because OF
their race, creed, color or nati-
onal origin, in keeping with ma
tional policy expressed in an ex-
ecutiye order Of last June.
Beecher is a great-grandrnep-
hew Of Harriet Beecher Stowe
and Henry Ward Beecher, the
noted abolitionists. He is grad
uate Of the University Of Alaba-
ma, and recently was an editorial
writer on the Birmingham Age?
Herald and the Birmingham News
Previously, he served as super
visory Of migratory labor camps
for the Farm Security Admins
tration and set up the first mi
gratory comp for Negroes In the
country He was also regional In,
Dor relations advisor Of the Re-
settlement Administration with
headquarters IN Montgomery
and district relief administrator
in Wilmington, N. C.
Besides the University Of Ala
hama. Beecher has studied al
Harvard university and the Uni
versity Of Wisconsin where HI
earned his mEster's degree. Hi
taught at Wisconsin's experimen
| tai college under DR.. Alexande'
| Meikeljohn. and at Dartmouth.
The Dayton forum. [volume] (Dayton, Ohio) 1913-1949, 1942-02-06
Tribute
tAbc Lincoln)
lBy Richardo Weeks
for AMP

He il not dead though he il
asleep,
He Is not dead though he
lies deep
In the tomb Of time, for still
alive
Fer since his fate in sixty
five,
The quiet power Of every
work
That he has said can still
be heard
Upon the lips Of every
American
" no believes ii equal rights
Of man.
lie is not dead though he
is asleep
He is not dead though he
lies Deep
For never shall the sting Of
death
Bring silence to his Time
less breath.
The Dayton forum. [volume] (Dayton, Ohio) 1913-1949, 1942-02-06

Is DUNBAR
STUDENTS ON
| HONOR ROLLS

In the third grading period at
Dunbar high school, the follow
Ing students have made A orb
in all academic subjects:
Virginia Anderson, Lula Barn
es, Betty Blackburn, Sarah Book
er, Doris Brooks, Florence CaldI
we'll. Ruth Clark, Evelyn Farr,
Katherine Gay, Minnie Golth-
read, Robert Hargiave. Walter
Hickman, Marianna Hill, Doro-
thy Jones, Stratton Hendricks,
Mary Kimbro, Mary Lee, Ruby
Long, Mary Mcdonald, Jeanette
Minor, Dorothy Mobley, Betty
jackson, Mildred Smith, Lyman
Montgomery, Napoleon Moore
head, Mary Nelson, Mary Lon
paschal, Estella Peterson, Joseph
Prince, Pauline Pickett. Edward
Richey, William poehuck, Eve
lyn Rowan. Anna Samucls, Shir-
lev Smith. James Smith, Lula
Stephena, Earl Stephens, Louise
Stone, Vernon Thorpe, Gilbert
Thomas, Edward Taylor, Dorothy
Woods, Clara Wright, Mary Eta
Harris, Gernese Young and ches-
ter Allen.
The Dayton forum. [volume] (Dayton, Ohio) 1913-1949, 1942-02-06

The Providence tR. ID Journal
il flustered to learn that $4,000
additional persons are to be add
ea to Government payrolls IN
Washington during the year 1912
This figure. just announced BY
the Director Of the Budget, will
bring the total number Of Gov
ernment payrollers in the Natl
onal Capital to approximately
2ss,0o0.
This, however, is only q small
part Of the picture of Govern
mental employment since World
War ii started in Europe. y Is
reported that already 77,15s
have been brought to Washington
| since that date, bringing the pres
ent employed personnel to 2o3,'
900. The additional $4,000 con-
templated will swell the number
The Dayton forum. [volume] (Dayton, Ohio) 1913-1949, 1942-02-06
FEAT K ES

and sacrifice and lives OF
those which preceded II.
IF q i unto Whomsoever
much Ii given Of him shall
be much required; and 70
whom men have committed
much, Of him they will ask
The more.
Whether Intentionally or
not we learn from all those
with whom we come in con-
tact, with whom We live or
work. Not only our own ex-
perience but the experience
Of others shapes our lives.
We cannot live out of the
world. but we must live IN
it. because Of what we have
gained from it and we must
give as we have gained.
What il true Of the in-
diyidual is true Of the fia-
ton. No nation can claim to
be the people What they
are is the result OF the work
and toll. and labor and
thought Of countless other
peoples Of other races and
nationalities.
As pure gold it too soft
for even careful usage. 50 is
a nation inbred upon itself,
too soft for life. Only As It
has blended with other
groups, with other races
and drawn unto itself the
good if these alien elements
can it grow strong. There is
no nation but what is a part
Of all nations--.flo race but
what draws from other
races in order to survive.
Cur pride in our country
is due To all the diverse
forces which shaped it and
gave ii strength. We are
Americans all---but we have
drawn from every national
ity. every race, every creed
to build the American way
Of life which is our richest
heritage. Each race has con-
tributed to our country s
wealth, 10 the development
Of its powers. It is a part OF
all nations---a part OF the
| world.
Only when this creed is
recognized, when we under
stand that "all experience is
M arch through which we
can pass TO d brotherhood
of nations, To a fellowship
i and fair exchange among
/ all groups. can we solve ths
| problem Of war and can al
The peoples Of the earth .'gt
/ out with JOY and he le'
!. forth with peace.
The Dayton forum. [volume] (Dayton, Ohio) 1913-1949, 1942-02-06
CONSUMERS
GROUP TO
PURCHASE LARGE
| M A r X < r

Los ANGELES, Feb. tANPl -
Plans have beer completed by
III negro Consumers and produ-
cers Cooperative Of Las Angeles
for the purchase of the large Ma
jor Market, located in the heart
Of the co.ored district here, Rev,
Clayton d, Russell, pastor of t. !
IndepeaJes.. Church Of Christ
announced that final arrange
ments had been made. He said
the market would be run on the
same basis as any Of the large
markets III Los Angeles, dealing
in meats, groceries, vegetables
and other commodities.
The Dayton forum. [volume] (Dayton, Ohio) 1913-1949, 1942-02-06
CO M M E N is
w ith q Buckeye
In Congress.
~ c&-Aanecx I naoWN
aaSsA~ - esassn.ssA aAas 11ssu1ua

mit.ee Of the House by vote
of Ii to 6 tabled resolution
calling for an official inquiry and
it 10 now believed that the mat.
ter will not be further consider
ed ut this time. However, as
result Of the lesson learned ut
Pearl Harbor, and the report Of
the Roberts Commission, far
reaching changes will come in
American war policies. Some i'm
portant changes have already
been made effective. such as tho
establishment Of central or uni
fed commands in Hawaii, Pann-
ma, the Caribbean and other in-
portant defense areas. with one
individual charged with final re-
nponsibility for al military and
naval activities in the territory
over which he has been given su-
pervision. 1t is expected this pol.
icy will soon be extended to COW
er the complete field Of American
military and naval operations.
Early last week the arrival OF
an American expeditionary force
In northern Ireland was annoanc-
ed, and it now seems that our
soldiers and sailors are soon to
be fighting in all parts of the
world, for in d White House
press conference, in answer TO d
query as to whether there were
any other American expedition
ary forces in the making, the
President frankly stated that
there are or will be within the
near future six, eight or ten
American cxpeditionary forces IN
operation. The announcement 81
the arrival Of the American ex.
reditionary force in Ireland
brought forth some caustic com
ments in the Senate and House
from those who expressed thu
definite belief that the first Amer
lean troops sent overseas should
have been for the relief Of tht
gallant General Macarthur anc
his fighting forces in the Phil
ippines.
While, definite troop move
ments or military plans cannot
be discussed in this column, i
car ~Ibe stated that heavy ant
widespread transfers OF military
/ and naval units have been going
on the past few weeks and arr
expected to continue for some
time. As a result many letter.
have been received from parent
Of men in the service complaining
| Of their failure to receive an,
| word from their sons. in answe
| to messages sent them. The an
| xiety of those at home unde,
such conditions can be appreciat
The Dayton forum. [volume] (Dayton, Ohio) 1913-1949, 1942-02-06
EDIT Q RAILS
A PICTURE OF GOVERNMENT
EMPLOYMENT

practice of telling their men and
women who qualify under Civil
Service regulations that "a mis-
take was made when summoned
to accept positions. They wish
when able to meet cxacting re-
quirements TO have accorded
them that full quota OF places
under civilian employment to
which they are entitled,
They know that, Of the 1885,
000 persons at present employed
throughout the country. they con
stitute d neglibibly small proper
ton, and that direct effort will
be made to maintain the same
small proportion when the addi-
tiona, thousands now proposed
are added to Government pay
rolls. .......
Deeds, Not Fine Phrase.
They wish to have done with
fine phrases. instead, they wish
specific deeds as proof Of Amer
lean determination to defend de-
mocracy, and they mean real de-
mocracy, untainted by present RI
cial. discriminatory practices.
They wish wholesome respect
paid President Roosevelt's Order
No. s802, calling for rightful
representation in industrial prep
aration. 1t il not now being ac-
corded.
They wish full compliance with
every implication of that Order;
and, finally, they wish to do an
unhindered job in helping to win
this global war against tryanny
and the forces OF oppression.
Not Unreasonable Requests
These requests are not unrea.
sonable. They are the test OF
good faith, and Of the ideals we
profess. This is no time or neg.
lecting a reservoir of productive
power that Is important to tn.
safety Of the nation and the tri
umph Of our arms.
The morale Of ls,o00,000 peo
pie i no insignificant matter
Democratic aspirations should bs
encouraged Morale should b,
heightened, and not impaired b.
a continuance Of traditional con
ceptions which promote disunit,
among the racial grours Of ou
j American population.
The Dayton forum. [volume] (Dayton, Ohio) 1913-1949, 1942-02-06

The report Of the Roberts
Commission on the Pearl Harbor
investigation has been the chief
topic Of discussion in Congress
sional cloak rooms during the
past week. A number Of the
national legislators have voiced
the opinion that the Pearl Har-
Dor report did not go far enough
in fixing final responsibility for
governmental policies prior 70
the tradegy, for failure of the
War and Navy Departments here
The Dayton forum. [volume] (Dayton, Ohio) 1913-1949, 1942-02-06
Negroes Constitute Only A Small
Part-Not Proportioned 10 Their
Population Number-SPecific Deeds
Not Fine Phrases Called For

to the figure already mentioned.
While the Washington front Ia
expanding the field forces ARE
not being neglected. At the close
OF the calendar year, December
81, le4l. the overall estimate Of
the number Of Federal employees
nlI over the country was 1885,
900. gain Of 6iA.32s since the
European War started in 1889.
Present employments are now
nearly twice that Of the First
World War.
Bureaucratic Army Nearly
Equals Our Fighting Army
This overall figure of 1858, 900
led a Washington newspaper corr
respondent to comment that "the
Governments Bureaucratic Army
today is nearly equal to tho
Fighting Army in camp and field
BY the end of the current fis-
cal year. June so, 1912, one out
Of every l02 persons in the
United States, it was stated last
week by the Appropriations
Committee in reporting to the u.
s. House Of Representatives. will
probably be on the Federal civil
payrolls of the Government.
These civil employment figures
together with Army, Navy and
Marine personnel, and the costs
Ct airplanes, guns, tanks, ships,
!, ammunition, and numbcrlcss 9th.
er expenditures for war materials
will, in some measure, convey tc
the American public what this
Hitler Mussolini-Japanese war il
to cost them before the Axis pow
crs are defeated.
Speaking generally, the Ameri
can public Is reconciled to tbs
burdcnsomc taxes they must pay
the mounting dangers they mus
face. and the many sacrifices they
must make for the achievement
Of our Governments objcctives
Whatever reservations the.
may have are concerned with til,
questions Of the best uses Of tn,
Billions Of Dollars being appro
priated by Congress, the elimina
tion Of all waste in useless ex
penditures. and. to use the word
Of Wendell Willkie. that socia
changes are not brought abou
| IN the guise Of emergencies, =
The Dayton forum. [volume] (Dayton, Ohio) 1913-1949, 1942-02-06
Negroes Supporting War
Aims of Government

In all Of this. the ls,aeo. 900
Colored people Of the United
States have a direct, compelling
interest, They are pledged to sup
port the Government and its war
aims. They wish to give that sup
port whole.heartedly and without
disturbance of spirit
While purchasing Defense
Stamps and Bonds, sending THEN
men to battlefields. and sharing
the common sacrifices Of civilians
they wish Government personnel
heads to abandon their present
The Dayton forum. [volume] (Dayton, Ohio) 1913-1949, 1942-02-06
A Part, Not Apart
(By Ruth Taylor)

No man can trathfally
say that he Il self made,
Like Ulysses he must hum.
bly admit i am 4 part Of
all that 1 have met.
Each generation has an
increasing responsibility be-
cause Il has had greater aa-
vantages. due to the work
The Dayton forum. [volume] (Dayton, Ohio) 1913-1949, 1942-02-06

I'd, but il should be pointe 81
tiaat In all probability the -
they arc SO anxious to hear !. .an
belong TO units now being ta...as-
ierTed 70 new assignments. tie
movements Of troops or naval
vessels must be kept secres TO
best guarantee the safety ol he
men participating therein. uace
such movements are comp sed
every effort will be made to re-
open rapid communication be-
eween tie men in the service and
their loved ones at home. While
under some conditions the men
IN uniform are not permitted to
write home. every effort is al
ways made to have letters from
relatives reach the fighting men
promptly. So those nt home
should keep on writing, filling
their letters with good cheer and
newsy little items that mean 70
much to the men In uniforms.
Now that sugar is to be ration
ed, the question arises ~ to how
great q sugar shortage actually
Exists. During the first World
War sugar became scarce. sales
we're limited and prices rose to
exorbitant lcvels---as high as 80
| and 10 cents per pound. But
when the war ended American
warehouses were found to be
hGiging with hundreds Of thou
sands Of tons Of sugar that could
have been used during the war
| emergency. Sugar consumption
| in the United States during i941
was approximately seven million
tons, with about one million tons
coming from the Philippines,
which supply has now been cut
off. There Is Il Cuba sugar SUR
plus of approximately one mil
lion two hundred thousand tons
available for American use. Tn
der theNew Deaf agricultural poll
icy production Of American su-
gar has been greatly restricted.
In the best sugar areas of Ohio.
Michigan, Indiana and the far
West, planting was SO limited by
| governmental order that many
sugar refineries were forced to
close. While restrictions on sugar
| production within continental
| United States have now been lift
ed for this year. the crops must
| first be planted, harvested and
| refined before the home produc.
| cd sugar can reach American Ia.
| bies. Sugar production in Cuba,
Mexico, Central and South Amer
lea, will also be increased. Ii Ii
claimed that the sugar shortage
results from the need Co use su.
gar for the manufacture Of al,
cohol for war purposes. However
alcohol Of exactly the same chem
ical content and nature can be
made from corn, wheat and othe,
grains, Of which there are grea,
surpluses, at cost comparable
to that OF alcohol from sugar. A
Congressional investigation oil
the so-called sugar shortage ma,
come soon.
The Dayton forum. [volume] (Dayton, Ohio) 1913-1949, 1942-02-06

TO make certain
that their orders
for the protec-
ton Of Hawaii
were carried out
and for the lack
Of needed men,
equipment a n d
supplies in the
The Dayton forum. [volume] (Dayton, Ohio) 1913-1949, 1942-02-06

islands. While a considerable de-
mand has been heard for fur
thcr Congressional investigation
Of the Hawaiian affair, on last
Thursday the Naval Affairs COM
The Dayton forum. [volume] (Dayton, Ohio) 1913-1949, 1942-02-06
c O r Y.

haaAA b. Il thS EAsaEa eaass
ON 1'assday to insure pahai-
casisa dusias tAe anssssaa
week.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-02-08

very first moment I set eyes on her"
Well the wedding was set for January 10
last but work on the picture set delayed it
for "a hours. The ceremony took place in
Ballard Cal. II was a sequestered event
In october Mickey gave Ava a friendship
ring with large topaz setting and Christ
mas Eve. which was her 10th birthday he
slipped am emerald cut diamond on the signif-
cant finger.
Theirs was not a night club romance by
any amount of means for contrary 10 Holly
wood custom. they didn't hire a cafe, stage a
party and tell the good news with background
music of gurghng champagne II was an
nouuced very properly IN the good old-fash-
Ioned way by Avas mother and her home
town newspaper. The day 1t was announced
Mickey sent Ava two dozen roses
II is easy enough in Hollywood 70 ind a
girl that men like but Ava Is a girl that
women like too She is the kind of girl that
insisted Mickey take her 10 tho county far
She loves 10 romp around I'D sport clothes
They spent the day going from booth 20 booth
and the more her hair blew the less sh, cared
about 1t as they drove home in ms open car
Ava the youngest Of fIt" daughters was
living m modest apartment .u HOLLYWOOD
with her eldest sister Bcatuce who works IN
department store
She has already Appeared DO 'va motion
pictures We Were Dancing and Joe
Smith. American Ia grooming. her tui star
ring roles diction cua.u.s ir. busy eliminating
her Southern accent
Although his marriage ,<oIu7es Mickey
from the naive group private life hs status
as a husband Wont affect his youthful screen
character for Tho Andy Handy scripts IN
which ne stars arc making mint 81 money.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-02-08

OF course Mck,ys mother Mrs. Nell
Paubey has always been his best girl As
Mickey says Anything for Nom Unlike
many move mothers she has stayed In The
background and made real home for her
SON They live simple life on Mickey five
acre walnut ranch in Encin0 where tho census
'ak,r who came around in 1880 after count
q h.s dogs cats rabbits. chickens turkeys
geese aaa s5cllancous livestock listed hum
ts tanner
But at last real love found Mickey
Do H Ava Gardeners husband
Ava % southern beauty With ar accent L.
match is a brunette with green eyes and a
uplcd chin Five feet four inches tall with
hor shoes on. shes a couple of inches taller
t13a Mickey
she came 90 Hollywood Sis months ago
after bong offered film career unsolicited
Her experience reads like a story book
She was vacauoning from secretarial
course ar Atlantic Christian College North
Caru'ua when opportunity knocked Shs
applied fora modelling Job a, The John Powers
Agency IN Nc,V York and was accepted The
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-02-08

,,..'...,-r,,..
"h'A me- Vas J''S' I'D ne "''i'''. '' ."'' "'
ana l'He"r-"'a l'"f''hF Tray. '""' '.l
n"a h''n "'S' 'n'hiS ''i ''','' var
non ne Vas 10 No d''''f'" .h iN' 49,.
I''i' "h''' =. Vas ''S...'s 81 '..'-I. '''i, ID.
"'', '.''' mss ''''
NJ. n,.,i5,,,.. ........,., t..
-.
Romance Was aFd" me ,'>'. f'' '-'.'.
''''9 '"'h'" u' Jul IMAM" -, '.'" .'.''' "'
i''' .'''' PI'''''''.f ACC '.'''.''- '-
it.S 'm' me OBJECT o' ms di' '''.S WAS
MfE.a hHeh's Fi''tN 4N-\'''-'.l i+'-.
t' Omaha h'"sPtP'' mar. ~. '"'
i'' nm me- Vas "'Nt'~ h,fS
'..'f admitted 0"' Was ms "'''' .''''' .-
crest
Then along came re" love again ms
'.no Mickey had u haa Ion i.''.''. -|...-
Ihey snopped for orchids and dined i"-''nrf
often
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-02-08

The romantic season 81 Tho tta-a aao-
descent actor was split wI, open a-aiu in
November when tan NiuNy Nalor. Dolly
Thor Chicago dancer. issued Wu,ers an hm.
When We met u hJs studio a' Hollywood
four years ago be- was just k,d d. tna {
was ouIy Is Hu' IN th, last teH years
Mickey has maturrd actually -r.Hu up AZ
Il he's SO different"
II was IN 1870 that tn gas Loth,u. h.a
N.mglcd chang, of dates GA hi~ personal
appearance tour $50 ho could appear at tus
Chicago Theatre simultaneous with bo.v
Thons opening in the Empire Room az the
Palmer House
Mickey has always been crazy abo.' Ity..v
Garland but no, IN q romantic way Th'y
were never swce'hcartg inst aood p}.- %h'
knew each other As kids and grew up together
They co-starred m many pictures tud Mckee
always treated Judy like the Cirl 0cEt door
Nevertheless ~ IS her best booster re>' go
song writer Dave Rose whom she married
~, Tttf,
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-02-08
End Of
MiCkeySL0n@
Trail Of
ManyL0VeS

No Mar q
j Ar az hox-offce
Mickey
eliminated hearts behind
prodigy a phenomenon
gentlemen
probably
>
o
IN who
could ronantcaly
experts passions explained
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-02-08

lng that NJ Rooney sue
cecded unconsciously IN his
love affairs that h" packed
a terrific wallop by being
Just natural They added
that perhaps the real secret
OF ms power 20 charm
women lay IN the fact that
Mickey might be- a brat
bat never a bore.
Mickey wouldn't know
hoW 10 be one Hes a
Top athlete plays the piano
IKE a professional tap
dances with the best Of
'hcm has a phenomenal
talent for mimcry speaks
four languages and plays
almost cv"TF Instrument III
a band There's never a
ull moment on q date with
Mickey
OF tins debonair young
heart-brcaker. "A famous
MIN reporter once wrote
Tho surcst way 20 get
ahead m Hollywood Is 10
ct engaged 10 Mickey
Rooney. and be- seen in all
The gay places
Shcila Ryan was just
another little gal trying O.
- along IN Hollywood
until suddenly her name bee
With " Rooney Shgla N
tr srrr almost every NIGH
CAV spot or another and h.
l-r..l. r4-i'rr dividends NJ.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-02-08

Young and Irrepres-
sibIe Mr.. Rooney. Still
HoIIywood's Box-Of-
flee Prodigy. Was. At
Il. Also the Glamour
Towns No. I Phenom-
enon in Romonce-Un-
til Pretty Ava Gardner
Took Him Out Of
Circulation
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1942-11-05
Copeland Boys Move

THE TWO SONS of Mr.. and
Mrs. Claude Copeland, 1872 Lode
wyck avenue, have been trans
ferred, they have learned. Avia-
ton Cadet Robert L. Copeland
was moved from Santa Ana
Calf. to Oxnard, Calf. where he
will take his flight training. Pvt.
Gerald F. Copeland has entered
radio school at Sioux Falls, S. D.,
having gone there from Jeffer-
SON Barracks, Mo.
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1942-11-05
Plans Set for Voters League Breakfast for Members and ue
OAR Returns
Filled Kits

TWELVE RED CROSS KITS
were turned in filled, and 10
more given out to be filled at
the meeting of Alexander Ma
comb Chapter Of Daughters Of
the American Revolution held
yesterday at the Crosse Pointe
home of Mrs. Sabin Croker.
Mrs. William T. Kelly is chair
man for the group.
Plans to fill a Christmas box
or the students at Kate Duncan
Smith school, a DAR-supported
school in Alabama, were made,
and a magazine subscription to
IT,, Clara Hadley Waite Room
at the Veterans Hospital in Bat
tie Creek was voted.
Thirty members and one
guest, Mrs. John Butcher, were
present at the meeting, at which
Mrs. John Breitmeyer, Miss
Florence Chapoton, Mrs. Duncan
Hubbard and Miss Agnes Shower
were assisting hostesses. Miss
Chapoton presided at the tea
table, which was centered with
bronze and yellow chrysanthe-
NUNS.
MRS. WILLIAM KIRSCH-
BAUM Of Washington, Mich,
learned today that her niece,
Mrs. Gerald l.. Heiser, of St.
Clair Shores, has left by plane
to join her husband who is with
the u. S. Navy stationed at San
Francisco. Mr.. Heiser formerly
lived in Mount Clemens.