Evening star., 1942-07-24
STAR, WASHINGTON c. FRIDAY JULY "a 1e42
ever, for all nations to give and to
receive help.

ever, for all nations to give and Il
receive help.
Nations Must CO. operate
To Make Most Of Resources.
That which nations can and mus
do toward helping one another is II
take, by cooperative action, step
for the elimination Of impediment
and distractions which prevent tn,
fun use by each-for the welfare O
its people-of the energy and re-
sources which are at its command
And the nations can and must
again by cooperative action under
common agreement, create such IA
ciIitles as will enable each to in
crease the effectiveness of its owr
national efforts.
Such cooperative action is al.
ready under way. Twenty-eigh
United Nations have proclaimed
their adherence to a program O.
principles and purposes by which
mankind may advance toward high.
er standards of national and inter.
national conduct. That program /.
embodied IN the declaration mad.
on August IA, 1941, by President
Roosevelt and Prime Minister
Churchill. now known as the Allan
tic Charter.
The pledge Of the Atlantic Charter
is OF system which will give ever,
nation. large or small. a greater as
surance OF stable peace, greater op.
portunity for the realization Of its
aspirations to freedom and greater
facilities for material advancement
But that pledge implies an obliga-
ton Tor each nation to demonstrate
its capacity for stable and progres-
sive government. to fulfill scrupu-
lously its established duties to other
nations, to settle its international
differences and disputes by none but
peaceful methods and to make its
full contribution to the maintenance
Of enduring peace.
For decades, all nations have lived
In the shadow Of threatened coer-
clon or war. This has imposed heavy
burdens OF armament, which In the
cases OF many nations has absorbed
so large part of their production
effort as to leave the remainder OF
their resources inadequate for MAIN
tanning. let alone improving, the
economic. social and cultural stand
ards OF their people. Closely related
to this has been q burden, less obvi-
Gus but Of immense weight-the in
evitable limitation that fear Of war
imposes on productive activity.
Many men, groups of men and even
nations have dared not plan, create
or increase the means of production.
tearing lest war come and their ef-
forts thus be rendered vain.
No nation can make satisfactory
progress while its citizens are in the
grip Of constant fear of external at
tack Or interference. It is plain that
some international agency must be
created which can-by force, II nee
essary--keep the peace among ma
tions In the future. There must be
international cooperative action to
set up the mechanisms which can
thus insure peace. This must in
clude eventual adjustment OF ma
tional armaments in such a manner
that the rule OF law cannot be sue
cessfully challenged and that the
burden Of ornaments may be re.
duced to q minimum.
international Court Of Justice
Seen as Prime Necessity.
In the creation Of such mechan-
isms there would be practical and
purposeful application OF sovereign
powers through measures Of inter-
national cooperation for purposes
OF safeguarding the peace. Partici-
patton by all nations in such meas
ures would be for each its contribu-
tion toward its own future security
and safety from outside attack.
Settlement Of disputes by peaceful
means, and indeed all processes of
international cooperation, presup-
pose respect for law and oblirations
It is plain that one Of the institu-
tions which must be established and
be given vitality is an international
court Of justice. 1t is equally clear
that, in the process of re-establish-
ing international order, the United
Nations must exercise surveillance
over aggressor nations until such
time as the latter demonstrate their
Willingness and ability to live at
peace with other nations. How long
such surveillance will need to con-
tinue must depend upon the rapidly
with which the peoples of Germany
Japan, Italy and their satellites give
convincing proof that they have re-
pudiated and abandoned the mon
strous philosophy of superior race
and conquest by force, and have
embraced loyalty the basic principles
OF peaceful processes. During the
formative period of the world organ
ization, interruption by these aggres-
sors must be rendered impossible.
One OF the greatest Of all obstacles
which in the past have impeded
human progress and afforded breed
ing grounds for dictators, has been
extreme nationalism. All will agree
that nationalism and its spirit are
essential to the healthy and normal
political and economic life of a
people. but when policies of ma
tionalism-political, economic, social
and moral-are carried to such ex-
tremes as to exclude and prevent
necessary policies Of international
cooperation, they become danger
Gus and deadly. Nationalism. run
riot between the last war and this
war, defeated all attempts to carrv
out indispensable measures OF inter-
national economic and political ac-
ton; encouraged and facilitated the
rise Of dictators, and drove the
world straight toward the present
war.
During this period narrow and
short-sighted nationalism found its
most virulent expression in the
economic field. 1t prevented goods
and services from flowing in volume
at all adequate from nation to
nation, and thus severely hampered
the work Of production, distribution
and consumption and greatly re-
tarded efforts for social betterment.
No nation can make satisfactory