davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1942-07-24
THIS AND THAT
BIZ Charles Z. Trdce,ueU.
and neglected things OF this world would
be neglected more than ever.

and neglected things OF this world would
be neglected more than ever.
The catbird, mockingbird and brown
thrasner belong to the same family.
Often when we hear bird which We
suppose to be mockingbird it is either
catbird or thrasher.
Indeed, many eminent ornithologists,
who have spent their lives studying bird
life, say that of the three the catbird is
the best singer.
He introduces flourishes all his own.
singing in the grand manner, ready at all
times to put opera to the test
He is a creature of moods. though, and
will not sing until he is good and ready.
At times he seems downright churlish.
He will not sing at all. He will not even
make the meowing sound which gives
him his name.
Then, when the first nest is over, and
there is time for something else besides
feeding the young. he suddenly bursts
into exquisite melody
The wood thrush, as most readers here
know, is this columns favorite.
Sometimes We think we have been un-
fair to the others. after an unusually
favorable notice of the thrush, but the
moment We lay eyes on one again, we
know we have made no mistake, that
this is the peer of all the birds which
come to Washington.
This bird has demeanor.
Its department is such that you would
think no bird could have it. at once
sensible, honest, fearless and endowed
with an overall courtesy which mankind
has always thought belonged exclusively
to its better members.
Cultivation and culture belong by ma
lures right to certain of her wild folk.
Among them, certainly, must be put
the thrush. exquisite creature of the
woods which has come to suburban gar
dens to entertain and please all appreci-
ative people
Not even wood thrush, it goes with
appreciation.
The catbird is joker, lacking the fine
sedate quality OF the thrush.
He is, nevertheless, much handsomer
creature than many observers give him
credit for being.
That black cap, that slim build, and
that gray suit of his remind one of some
old-time prince of the realm, maybe the
black sheep of the family, but still q
mighty fine fellow to look at.
The catbird is real Yankee prince.
He likes raisins sprinkled in certain
patch in the lawn.
He will come here, day after day, at
certain time, looking for his favorite
food.
He will find robbins and thrushes and
even sparrows there, competing for the
raisins, but he usually holds his own
with all Of them. and takes away num-
Der for his family
Evening star., 1942-07-24
Wants District System
OF Newspaper Salvage.

To The Editor OF The Star:
1t is evident that the United States
Government Is letting useful material go
to waste at this time OF war. Large
quantities of good, clean newspapers are
put out with the trash for weekly collec-
ton. Householders have no other means
Of disposing Of their old newspapers.
Now is the time for the District of
Columbia to establish lawful method
of salvage. A person who has been con-
nected with pulp mills in New England
regrets the loss Of this forest product.
THOMAS M. ROBERTS.
Evening star., 1942-07-24

@, Where is the largest horse and mule
market in this country?-W. D.
A. The largest horse and mule market
In the world is in East St. Louis, Mo,
Those next in rank are Chicago, ILL.,:
Fort Worth, Tex; Kansas City, Mo-, and
Atlanta, Ga.
Q. When was Robin Hood" by Regi.
nald de Koven, first produced?-F.
A. This famous operetta was first pro-
duced in the Chicago Opera House In
1880 by the Bostonians 1t is considered
the best OF Mr.. de Koven's numerous
works. The operetta was originally
called Maid Marian"
Q. When were letters first carried bv
air?-F F.
A. The first aircraft to transport mail
OF which there is any authentic record
was the balloon Atlantic which took of
from st. Louis on July l. 1859, with q
cargo OF privately posted letters and
landed few days later at Henderson.
N. Y.
O. What is the origin Of the West.
minister Chimes"?-T. r.
A. The Westminster Chimes" were
invented by DR.. Crotch in 17so, the arr
being supposedly taken from a work Of
Handers. 1t is believed that the phrase
OF tour notes was taken from the fifth
bar OF the opening symphony of Ham
dels I Know That My Redeemer
Liveth."
Q. Which States have the most COM
plete library service?-Y. r.
A. According to recent report of the
American Library Association, all the
people have library service in the Dis
trlct OF Columbia and Massachusetts
while In New Hampshire and Rhode
Island the per cent without Is less than l.
Q. Why is the revolution in Russia
called the October Revolution when il
actually occurred in November?-A. G.
A. The discrepancy in dates results
from the fact that In 1917, the year Of
the revolution. Russia was still using
the old-style, or Julian, calendar,
q, What was the total amount Of
money spent in operating the Geo
camps?-K. F. L.
A. The Civilian Conservation Corps
spent nearly $4,000 900 900 during its
eight and one-half years putting 1000.
200 youths and war veterans through
conservation, school and health pro-
grams.
Q. How long has the rise of the River
Nile been measured?-A. D.
A. Egyptians, from very early pe.
Rod, made efforts to measure the Nile.
Inere are records from q Nile-meter
IN Cairo that 60 back to 622 AID.
Q, How did the pituitary gland get
its name?-G. L.
A. This gland, hidden in the lower
folds OF the brain. was discovered bv
roman warriors inside the split skulls
OF thelr enemies. Because they thought
1t was the place from which saliva came.
they called it pituitary, which in Latin
means "spitmaker."
Q. What makes Venus 10 much
brighter than the other planets?-S.
P. R.
"A. Astronomers have come to the con-
cluslon that this extreme brightness ap-
pears to be due to an atmosphere of
hne dust particles which scatter SUM-
light more effectively than do the air
molecules OF the earth'S atmosnhers
Evening star., 1942-07-24
Argues That American Writers Want
Maximum Employment In War.
To the Editor of The Star:

To the Editor OF The Star
To the public, William Saroyan, being
the best publicized of writer's, represents
writer's in general. People think what
Mr.. Saroyan says is what all writer's feel.
Since he is now sounding off about the
place Of writer in the war, and giving
the impression that writer's are loath
to enter the armed services, it ought to
be made clear that his point of view is
highly unrepresentative.
If the Army insists on taking his pre-
cious body, says he, then that will be all
1t may have of him; he refuses to be
utilized as writer! Every writing man
I know feels precisely the reverse. We
want the war to utilize all there is of
us, our minds and hearts as we'll as our
bodies. Our one fear is that we may be
incompletely OF service.
We are the first to hold the common
soldiers service Of highest moral value.
Evening star., 1942-07-24

a serious matter, however, when
there exists the willingness to ac-
knowledge and correct 1t. That is
what the OCD authorities have done
in this instance, and they are to be
commended for it.
Evening star., 1942-07-24

The sartorial eccentricities of the
popular comic strip character, Fly
ing Jennie, are very battling. Week
days she wears f1aring skirt, pumps,
short sleeves and a wind blown bob
no matter what the weather or the
duty. Sundays she invariably ap-
pears in breeches and boots.
Evening star., 1942-07-24

1t Is reported that in England there
Is a drive on to garner horse chest
nuts. dandelions and nettles as
sources Of valuable drugs. It seems
to some OF US that somewhere, some
time. we have eaten this very mix
ture as q hot-veather salad.
Evening star., 1942-07-24
Huskin's Answers
To Questions
BIZ Frederic J. Hdskin.

reader can get the ansiDer to any
question OF fact BY ,orittno The Ere-
ming Star Information Bureau, Fred
eric J. Haskin director. Wnshington,
d. c. Please inclose stamp tor return
postage.
Q. How much has Washington. D. c.
gained in population In the last year,
r. N L.
A. The estimated gain In popula ton
during the last IL months is nearly loO.-
900 persons, mostly new Government
employees.
@. Are flying fishes used for food
T. G.
A. The natives of Cebu. an island Of
the Philippines, use large quantities Of
flying fishes for food. huge net re-
quiring so men to handle It is used Ia
catch the fish which are driven toward
1t by men in boats.
@. What is the most profitable root
vegetable?-P. r. F,
A. The white potato bears the largest
crop and brings the highest total price
OF all the root crops. 1t can be success
fully grown in any State.
Evening star., 1942-07-24


The Children's Book Have YOU
seen this new publication? 1t will
prove ideal for amusing the children
when they find themselves with moth
ing to do, and will be good company
on rainy day. The stories and
verses are chosen from some OF the
best-loved classics for children, Also
includes riddles, paper folding, scram-
bled names and other forms of
amusement To secure your copy of
this publication hclose 10 cents in
coin. wrapped in this clipping. and
mail to The Star Information Bureau.
Name
Address
Evening star., 1942-07-24

Letters to the Editor must
bear the name and address OF
the 10riter, although the use OF
a pSeudonyn for publication is
permissible. The Star reserpes
the right to edit all letters 1uith
q Uie1O to condensation.
Evening star., 1942-07-24

The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to
the use for republication of all news dispatches
credited to It or not otherwise credited in this
paper and also the local news published herein.
All rights of publication of special dispatches
herein slso reserved.
Evening star., 1942-07-24
Menher Of The ASSOciated Press.

Entered as second-class matter post Office
Washington, D. c.
Evening star., 1942-01-18

tating obedience OF a junior to superior
officer. If, however, conditions that OBJ
tain are not properly estimated by supe-
rior omcers, and II superior officers are
not that in fact. but only in name, then
the discipline ceases because the people
that are forced under them, recognizing
that they are incompetent for their posi-
tions, fail to have the trust and loyalty
In them which should be the case In any
undertaking.
ITO obscure the issue in this case,
which is the fact that our aeronautics is
in disgraceful condition and our whole
national defense Is little better, is merely
to delude the public"
Outlined Setup
While his forecast of his own arrest
and trial was on the way to being real
lied, he outlined the wartime organiza-
tion he believed would be necessary. 1t
was based on creation Of a single de-
partment Of national defense with sub
secretaries Of War, Navy and air. and
Evening star., 1942-01-18

council of national defense and the State
and Treasury Departments He recon-
mended conscription Of both capital and
labor in war and that "all raw materials
for the construction OF national defense
equipment should be obtained and dis
tributed under one head"
He also suggested the "task force"
organization of components Of the va
rious services
IF the predominant force Is to be a
sea force" he explained, "then the Navy
ought to have command of the under
taking and the Army and the air force
report to 1t. If it is going to be a land
campaign the Army should have charge
of it and all the elements OF the Navy
and the air force report to it. II 1t is to
be an air campaign the air force should
have charge and the Army and Navy
report to it. The secretary Of national
defense could determine this.
With an adequate air force it Is dif-
f1cult to see how any hostile host can
touch our soil coming from Europe or
Asia"
Evening star., 1942-01-18

days before the outbreak Of war. since
then about q dozen States have set up
committees. Nebraska, the most highly
organized, has salvage committees In %
counties ando15 cities.
The first big effort in the salvage field
was begun three months ago By . private
organization, the Waste Paper Consuming
Industries Of America, comprising paper
mills which produce cardboard from
waste paper. With . fund Of 9o000
contributed by its members, the organ
ization, mainly through Newspaper ad-
vertising, has increased the salvage Of
waste paper by IS per cent.
The paper shortage has resulted not -
much from . scarcity Of pulp - from .
vastly increased demand for containers.
Practically all the arms and supplies
going to Britain, Russia and China are
packed and shipped In water proof pa
perboard boxes-which are made from
waste paper. Army ordnance plants
use 10000 tons Of paper materials .
month for packing Shells More thou.
sands Of tons are L. ID In packagins
CoI1icO 6oOOo oA1o COt4Aee AOA 1A0 ~ Iuo0
forces.
Topping the list Of waste materials
needed are metals Of every kind, garden
tools, stoves, utensils, wire fencing, tire
chains, batteries, hangers. ash trays,
pipes and a thousand other cast-on
articles which might be lying In cellars,
yards and attics are potential tanks,
battleships, guns and airplanes. Keep
the different metals separate. II pos
sible, to avoid loss Of valuable items.
Keep toothpaste tubes In . small bag
by themselves.
Do not dispose Of anything that you
could use and will have to replace. They
viii serve the national interest better
by being used for the purpose for which
they were manufactured.
Evening star., 1942-01-18
Get in the Scrap. For Victory

vada. And, as few of them operate in
rural areas, major problem will be
tapping the heavy stores Of discarded
metals lying In the fields and barnyards
out on the farm. The Agriculture De-
partment, mainly through its county
agents, is assisting in this.
Gutterson, incidentally, is . rather
surprising person to be the head salvage
man-an imposing, gray-haired lawyer
and Harvard man from New York, .
trustee and board member for many
educational and philanthropic institu-
tions.
He was on Herbert Hoover's staff when
Hoover was food administrator in the
World War and after the armistice he
went to Europe with Hoover to assist in
relief work. When Hoover campaigned
for the presidency in 1928, Gutterson was
executive secretary Of the Republican
National Committee.
Gutterson's field is, broadly, household
salvage. The man in charge of the whole
program OF conserving materials Is Less
ing j. Rosenwald, former chairman of
the Board OF Directors Of Sears, Roebuck
& Co.
Rosenwald's unit, the Bureau of In
dustrial Conservation Of o. P. NJ, has a
four-point, trick-name program: Sub
stitution. simpliication. specification and
salvage. The bureau, besides salvaging,
arranges for industry to substitute plen-
tiful materials for scarce ones where
possible; to simplify industrial processes
by cutting down on the varieties Of each
article manufactured for civilian use; to
revise contract specifications to save
scarce materials.
While conservation has been q part
OF o. P. MS program for q year, house
hold salvage was started only q short
time ago. Maryland was the first State
to organize q salvage committee, . few
Evening star., 1942-01-18

in studying. They look like an over
grown college group dashing from class
to class with books, papers, rulers and
portfolios. They range from fuzz-
bearded young officers to gray-haired
veterans of IS years service in the Army.
Most of them are captains and majors,
although an occasional bright second
lieutenant is admitted.
Covers All Army Activities
The class covers the whole gamut of
Army activities. Looking over the cur
riculum at random, you run across sub
jects like "Anti-aircraft Artillery"
"Tanks-Tactical Equipment" "Engi-
neers in Combat" "Anti-mechanized
Defense"
The current class numbers 328. They
are divided into the four Army general
staff groupings of personnel, intelligence,
operations and training, and supply (G1,
G2, G3 and Ga. The G1 group may
study the personnel aspects Of a given
military situation, the G2 men the Mill
tary intelligence side, and so forth. Then
two or more of the groups may be joined
for collaborative work on the problem.
Most Of the work is on paper. In the
form of battle plans and orders. The
officers use about 1000 maps day, which
are turned out by big color press in
the main-building basement.
In their hypothetical operations, they
have covered nearly every section of the
United States. If trouble were to break
out tomorrow in Punxatawney, Pa, there
probably would be Leavenworth alumni
who could tell you about every hillock,
grade crossing and gas tank in the dis
trict. They fight their theoretical bat
ties on United States soil because the
country's varigated terrain provides
nearly any situation the Army might en-
encounter, and the geodetic surveys de-
tailed maps are available.
Evening star., 1942-01-18
The Army Brain mill
BY Gladwin Hill,
Wide World News.

FORT LEAVENWORTH, Kans, Jan.
17--Guards are rather superhuous
around the heart Of this venerable Army
post, because its most notable product is
brains-a lot Of brains that will fight
Americas imminent battles.
Fort Leavenworth Is the site of the
Army's famous Command and General
Staff School, training upper-bracket off,
GERS in the thousand intricate processes
Of managing war.
This does not mean just few brass
hats portng over blueprints and deciding
to move troops here and there. 1t in
wolves the detailed planning Of compli-
Gated military operations, down to the
last essential sack of flour and gallon of
gasoline.
Commanders give the orders that move
troops back and forth, but their staff
officers must correlate the information
on which their decisions are based. They
have to be able to figure out quickly
what any given movement is going to
involve In everything from numbers Of
men to cakes of soap.
Ofhand, moving 5000 men mile
might seem like simply matter of lining
up 50 rows Of 100 men and telling them
to go ahead $3.50 feet. Actually tho
undertaking is more like picking up
community Of 5000 people with its major
services and moving 1t mile.
You're dealing not with just lot Of
soldiers, but, chances are, with in
fantry, cavalry, armored units, airplanes
and galaxy of specialists ranging from
bankers and stenographers to radio op-
orators and saddlers.
Problems Are Many.
Into decisions Of strategy enter not
only the matters of the enemy and their
position and ones own forces and their
position, but also factors like transpor-
tation, food, shelter, fuel and supplies.
Are you going to move the men by
foot or by truck? How many trucks are
there available? Is there enough gaso-
line to run the trucks? Will there be
gasoline available where you are going?
Have you enough armament to tangle
with the enemy? If not, how long will
it take you to assemble It? When should
you start?
These may sound like fairly simple
matters, but you haven't got all day to
figure them out. The information has
to be all correlated and decisions made In
q few hours or few minutes.
The inventory Of an army division Of
5000 men, even under ideal conditions,
fills q mass of organization charts and
tables of equipment bigger than subur-
ban phone book, and takes a layman
hours to puzzle out. A staff officer has
to be able to juggle its information amid
the hubbub and disruptions of the battle
field, as just small part of his work, as
easily as you'd refer to your address book.
The Leavenworth staff school is the
place where picked officers from all
branches of the Army learn how to do
this, in q course Of training that has been
streamlined down from leisurely peace
time two years to . high-pressure nine
weeks.
The students work about 60 hours q
week-about 20 in classes and 20 or more
Evening star., 1942-01-18
BY Arthur Hudson,
Wide World News.

(Arthuy II. Hudson of tho American
Red Cross has just returned from
several months ,oork tn England.
He went through the big spring dtr
raids on London and made inspection
trips to all parts of provincial Eng
ldnd In this article, he tells some
of the human phases OF afraid
erperiences.)
thing to keep busy during the raid. 1t
takes your mind of the dangers. Even
If you're just playing table tennis, your
knees won't shake nearly 50 much.
That advice may sound bit out of
place, but lot of strange things happen
in an air raid. Frightened folks quiver
and crawl under dining room tables for
protection from l,000-pound high ex-
plosive bombs.
tried playing darts during London
raid. It helped lots Fighting incendiary
bombs was even better. You don't pay
so much attention to the bomb blasts
around you.
When the alert sounds you probably
won't bother to get into old clothes.
You'll 60 ahead and ruin your best suit
with splattering chemicals from incen-
diaries, black from oil bombs, water from
the stirrup pump. You'll tear pants and
coat climbing roof tops to get to fires.
If the anti-aircraft fire Is heavy,
don't venture out without q tin helmet.
Fragments Of ack-ack shells will pelt
down like hail. They'll cut your best
hat to shreds and cash your scalp. At
night you can see the fragments striking
sparks on the pavement.
Don't look up. These fragments will
put out your eye. You can't see any,
thing In the skies anyway, If it's at night.
Before q blanket Of smoke and dust
covers the city you can see the brilliant
blossoms Of exploding ack-ack shells but
even then you won't see the attacking
planes.
You'll hear the swooping warplanes
through. First the scream of the diving
ship. the wind rushing past wings and
fuselage. Thereu be brief lull as the
plane levels of then the terrifying
screech Of falling bombs.
There's no use running away. Bombs
don't hover up there waiting for you to
get out Of the way. Fall nat on the
ground wherever you are or duck into
. nearby doorway. The doorway won't
help II it's . direct hit but it'll protect
you from flying debris Of near miss.
After the screeching whistle of the
FALLING bomb comes the whush of the
explosion. II you hear that explosion
you needn't worry. If you are hit by
the bomb you won't hear the explosion.
You may not have gas mask handy.
Enthusiasm for them is low in England,
despite the anxiety Of fretting oficials.
Borough offlcials in London turn tear
gas loose in the streets occasionally
during practice gas attacks" A lot Of
tears are shed by Englishmen then.
You may not even know how to handle
q gas mask unless you've been attending
your local Red Cross class. Many
neglected to read the in
struction leaflets on the subject, prob
ably because they found 100, 900 900 gov.
leaflets on many subjects stuffed