davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1942-08-09
Far Eastern Front

The great question in the Far East
today is whether Japan will take ad-
vantage of the expected internal dis
turbance in India and attack that jewel
of Asia. Comments in Chungking, where
news is often falsely manufactured for
opportunistic reasons, said last week the
Japs were making preparations in Burma
toward an Indian attack. Daniel De-
Luce of the Associated Press found the
Japs making no adequate preparations.
In any event, the All-India Congress
Committee has adopted resolution
calling for immediate Indian autonomy.
The committee gives England the choice
of granting autonomy or suffering from
civil disobedience campaign, which
would divert India's energies and at
tention from the war. England is ex-
pected to refuse autonomy now. OBJ
servers find small prospect for success
In the appeal to the Indians for civil
disobedience, and Indian Congress
leaders may find themselves in Jail.
India is the path from the east to
the regions toward which the Germans
in Egypt are aiming from the west
the oil fields of Iran and Iraq, and the
Suez Canal. -
Evening star., 1942-08-09

the Dutch Queen Wilhelmina told the
American House and Senate that the
constant motto of the tulip-eaters re-
mains, mo surrender" The restlessness
OF those unconquered Dutch brought
concern to the breast OF Gen. Friedrich
Christensen, in charge OF the Nazi oc-
cupation forces in the Netherlands, who
has learned already to fear what might
happen If the United Nations invade
Western Europe and open the already
celebrated second front" So Gen.
christensen issued proclamation to the
people of the Netherlands:
Many words have been spoken by the
enemy about scond front somewhere in
Western Europe, pos
Nozi Worninq sibly also in the
To the Dutch. Nether lands, and
hope has been ex-
pressed by the enemy that they will be
able to count on the populations to help,
which prompts us to address to you the
most urgent warning. Everybody must
be aware that he plays with his own life
If he tries in the smallest extent, either
directly or indirectly, to assist enemy land
ing attempts. If ever an Englishman or
any of his allies enters Netherlands ter
ritory, either from the coast or the in
terror of the Netherlands, people must
obey these instructions:
"Stay home Try to find shelter against
air raids and actual fighting
Those walking out in the streets take
Evening star., 1942-08-09

a great risk of being shot Those helping
the enemy will not escape the conse-
quences of their action"
The perturbation of Gen. Christensen
was shared by Germans all along the
Atlantic coast Of Europe. In England,
among exile Europeans, there were brave
hopes for the future and indications that
Gen. christensen had good reason to
issue his warning. Broadcasting from
London, Premier Pieter S. Gerbrandy of
the Dutch government-in-e exile told his
countrymen at home that the tide Of
war is turning. He urged them to await
with wise patience the moment when
the call comes from here not only to
take passive but also an active part" in
the opening of the new front
German preoccupation with the sec
ond front issue was reflected in fresh
flood of propaganda from Nazi sources
emphasizing the strength of the defense
being completed in Western Europe. Al
legged details of these defenses were re-
ported in the Swiss press by one of a
party of neutral journalists permitted to
tour the coastal zone under Nazi guild
ance. He described
The Norweeions IN ghty fortifca-
S+;Il pae;st tions on concrete and
iron" extending deep
inland. Stockholm dispatches to Swift
zerland said the Germans were building
extensive defenses on the Lofoten Is
lands of Northern Norway and were ex-
Evening star., 1942-08-09
Onward Nozs Press Dangerously Close Russ Vital Caucasian

slams would like their Allies TO divert
100000 Germans in Western Europe by
invasion or realistic gesture of invasion.
The greatest city In all this prospective
invasion area is Paris, and Paris is grow
ing tense and nervous, Switzerland
heard that the Germans are putting
Paris into a state of defense against
serious riots One reporter B..
being dug in the Champs Elysees and
along the other main Paris streets.
Fortifcations are being erected in the
Place de la Concorde and the Place de
LEtoile. A week ago yesterday French
woman jumped upon table in Paris
store and shouted. Rise against the
oppressors" Thus was started a riot in
which one person was killed and seven
were wounded, among them German
soldier who was not expected to recover.
These are indications that Europe is
ready to welcome her deliverers. Moth.
ing is said in London or washington
about when the day OF dehVerance' the
dav of invasion, will come. But the
E,,ronean restlessness shows plainly how
little the Germans have succeeded as
conquerOrS, Iney Gail AuA0 -'
rifles. The one danger for the Alnes
is that the Europeans will grow as
couraged and disillusioned from Waltns'
Bursting bombs dropped from British
nlanes were the only Allied messages
received on the Continent west OF
Russia last week. Tuesday and Wed-
nesday nights the RAF bombed the
Ruhr Valley, while the Nazis conducted
isolated raids on England. THURSDAY
night the Raj went back to the Runr
with a stronger force and attacked the
industrial center of Duisburg, Wniie
other British raiders attacked Nazl air
dromes In the Low Countries. Duisourg
is an important communications center
at the junction of the Ruhr ana the
Rhine Rivers and the site OF many vital
war industries
Evening star., 1942-08-09
Russian Front

Cossacks urged their horses into the
advancing Nazi forces. Soviet dive
bombers raked the Ger
Two Pincer mans from above. Thus
Aover.n+s co-operated the old and
the new, the horse and
the machine, in the desperate Russian
attempt to stop the Axis onward march
last week into the Caucasus and to the
Volga. The Germans organized two
pincer movements. One was aimed at
Stalingrad on the Volga. The troops
pressed toward that city from Tslmy-
lansk on the south and Kletskaya on
the north. The other was headed to-
ward Maikop, on the oil pipe line from
the Caspian to the Black Sea. The
Maikop- aimed pincers operated through
Kuschevka on the west and Salsk on
the east, with the first objective Tx
horetsk on the railway from Stalingrad
to the Black Sea.
The Russians showed goal-line stam-
ina and staunchness, for the Axis was
still outside of Stalingrad when the week
ended and Tikhoretsk was question.
Every day In Russia battles are fought
which cost as many dead as the greatest
battles of Napoleon and Grant. It's
desperate time for Germany. To be
stopped now might cost Germany the
war now, while Russia knocked out
would still have her allies to rescue her.
Gambling high for the Caucasian oil
south of Tikhoretsk the Germans threw
reserves by the thousands across their
Rostov bridgeheads They were en-
ploying every kind of motorized convey
ance-fast motorcycles, speedy troop
carrying trucks, tanks bearing auto
matte rifemen and small tanks for
fighting on the fanks.
In the midst of the great battles for
Stalingrad and the railway from Stalin-
grad, an American officer, Maj, Gen.
Follett Bradley, arrived in Moscow to
intensity the American aid for the hard
pressed Russians, on whose fields lie
the skeletons of thousands of Germans
Evening star., 1942-08-09

who might otherwise have been fighting
against England or us. Tuesday night
Gen. Bradley reached the Soviet capital,
carrying with him letter from Presl-
dent Roosevelt to Josef Stain. This
is the focal point of the war; the gen.
eral said of Russia. He formerly COM
manded the 1st Air Force, United States
Eastern Defense Command. Two days
after an American bomber brought the
general to Moscow, London heard that
Allied representatives were assembling
in the Soviet capital for major con-
ference
Russia's carefully saved reserves were
moved into the Battle for Stalingrad late
in the week. This fight
Holy Ground was on holy ground for
p.,..;. the Soviets. There In
w "" 1917 Red Army troops
under young Josef Stain defended the
city from the White soldiers. More than
a sense of history stimulated Marshal
Semeon Timoshenko, however, In his
fight. for the capture of Stalingrad
would amount to key strategical sue
cess for the Axis 1t dominates the great
riverine heart of Russia.
The line of the front before Stalingrad
and Tikhoretsk when the Russians
moved in the reserves ran from Klets-
kaya on the north, 80 miles from Stalin-
grad, to Kuschevka on the, south. The
violence of action reached it's height
during the week on Thursday around
the sector of Belaya Gina, on the road
to Maikop and its oil fields. The German
high command by that time claimed
the capture of Tikhoretsk, but the Rus
slams did not admit it; Germany has
anticipated in it's announcement num-
ber of times during the current Russian
campaign.
While Timoshenko could be congratu-
lated for making so slow and costly the
Axis progress toward Stalingrad and
Maikop. he had to watch out for the
possibility the Germans would seek to
slip around. his defense line and head
first for Astrakhan, at the mouth OF
the Volga on the Caspian Sea, 240 miles
Evening star., 1942-08-09

determines American strategy in the
global war.
In Europe he will have his own joint
hoard working with Admiral Harold r.
Stark, commander of the United states
naval forces in European waters. Ad-
miral Stark is former chief OF naval
operations, the equivalent OF the Army
chief of staff Deputy Leader clement
r. Attlee recently told the House OF
Commons that Gen, Eisenhower and
Admiral Stark attend meetings OF the
British Chief of Stats Committee
. whenever they express wish to or are
invited to do so"
Eisenhower Picks Young Aides.
Gen, Eisenhower, who is 81, has chosen
relatively young officers to be his prin-
cipal aides in Europe. To be COM
mander of the United States ground
forces in Europe he selected Maj. Gen.
Mark w. Clark, 46, one of the youngest
generals in the Army.
For commander of the United States
Air Forces he chose Maj Gen. Carl
Spaatz, ST. and for commander OF the
service of supply, Maj. Gen. j. c. H,
Lee, 54.
Gen. Pershing was So years old when
he took command of the original AEF.
One of Gen. Eisenhower's most astute
moves was the selection of 1t. Comd.
Harry c. Butcher, 80, vice president in
Washington of the Columbia Broadcast
ing system, to be his public relations
officer in Europe. He smashed precedent
when he took naval officer for his aide
Condr. Butcher, smart publicity man.
has been in Washington since 1926 and
has a wide acquaintanceship In highest
executive and legislative circles.
Evening star., 1942-08-09

Americans are learning in the course
OF this war about other kinds Of politics
than the simple or garden variety prac-
ticed in this country. First it was geo.
politics-the relation between geography
and political forces Now it is metapoli-
tics, recently explored in book which
Dorothy Thompson has called the most
revealing study of German psychology
yet to be published.
Metapolitics combines the customary
business OF who gets what with gloss of
metaphysics. 1t is the mystic-romantic
strain of the German temperament
welded to power politics. Behind the
ruthless drive of Nazi power politics is
the romantic conviction of dynamic
superrace destined to rule the world.
The author who explores this concept,
so important to an understanding Of the
world-shaGing events of our age, is Peter
Viereck. His "Metapolitics" (Alfred A.
Knopf, publisher, New York; is no super
f1cial record Of the events OF present.
day Germany. The son of George Syl-
vester Viereck, the convicted German
agent, he has a thorough knowledge of
the German mind and the German back
ground.
Unlike his father. who betrayed his
adopted country, Peter Viereck saw
through the hollow bombast with which
German metapoliticians sought to cloak
the German drive for world power.
Moreover, this loyal son of disloyal
father has dug deep into the origins of
ho ont eL1
merely an excrescence of the present
moment but an outgrowth of tragic
weakness in the German character.
Self-Discipline Lacking Here, Too.
to say, of the German character. The
causes that produced German Fascism
might produce it here in America If we
are not awake to the danger, says Vie
reck. An overmechanized and over
specialized industrial society, he writes,
is spawning mass men, instead of re-
sponsible, self-disciplined individuals
rooted in the universal moral values.
The mass men OF Germany succumbed
to the intoxication of the romantic
Fuehrer worship that the Nazis held out.
They surrendered their birthright-the
heritage OF Germanys profound culture
from Bach, Mozart and Kant to Thomas
Mann-fo- the Nazi witches brew
Viereck Is now teaching fellow at
Harvard. His brother, George Sylvester
Viereck, jr, is in the Army. "Metapoli-
tics" has attracted wide attention, es-
pecially among those concerned not
merely with the current symptoms OF
Naziism put with the underlying causes
OF the disease. 1t is being translated
into Swedish and German and Nelson
Rockefelle-'G Office on Latin America is
seeking to arrange Spanish translation.
Knowing the German people as well as
he does, Viereck says that the majority,
at least of those over 35, have not swal-
lowed the religion of Hitlerism. They are
merely swept along by the demoniacal
force OF the mad genius who Is today
dictator Of the Reich. But he warns that
the story may be different tomorrow
when the present members OF the Hitler
Youth and Of the Feuhrer training
schools will be the ruling generation.
Evening star., 1942-08-09
By Carroll Arim ond.

prohibition that silenced cabaret and
beer garden musicians. Radio had ar
rived and orchestras were expected to
play on the air for the advertising it
gave them. But the Chicago members
voted against free music on radio.
1--WE won the fight" Petrillo relates.
Instead Of seven days, the radio musi-
clans worked six days, then five days for
seven days pay. Now even the 49 PAN
cake turner's record players are union"
Vice President Dawes ran across some
Hungarian musicians on European trip
and recommended that they come to
Chicago. They did.
Where do these foreigners get off,"
Petrillo ragged coming in here when my
boys are walking the streets? Who does
Dawes think he Is? Try and get any
other music In this hotel! Try and get
on the rauio!"
Settles on His Terms.
Petrillo relented for x-month stand
by the Hungarians but with an agree
ment that union musicians would be
IN Gu lOl every 1uIlCLlOH Iile lOJel
thereafter, whether music was wanted or
not.
In 1881 Chicago italians planned a
jubilee and word got to Petrillo that a
union band was to play. mo union
bsaa, no jubilee!" was the verdict of
tne 5-foot 5-inch son Of an immigrant
Its5ian aewer digger.
The Italian consul general took sides
with the jubilee group. Jimmy die
tated SITS cablegram to Mussolini in
Rome.
He told the Duce his union had 1000
members of Italian blood, that the con-
sui insisted on hiring non-union music
and that he was the only consul with
whom the union had trouble.
Write him letter telling him to CO.
operate" Petrillo cabled
Mussolini suggested that Petrillo cross
the Atlantic and discuss the matter per-
sonally. Jimmy demurred and the issue
was compromised-a union band shared
the platform with the Italian club band.
It was In 1910 that Petrillo took on
the Army.
He refused 10 permit amateur musi-
Evening star., 1942-08-09

southeast of the front. This maneuver
would bypass Stalingrad for the time
being, although undoubtedly the Ger
mans under Gen. Won Book would have
to march up the Volga to Stalingrad
before the concerted drive into the
Caucasus could be begun. Without this
preliminary operation, the Germans 60
ing into the Caucasus would leave them
selves exposed to blows from the rear.
The Germans are blasting their way
forward toward Maikop with dive
bombers and the Berlin communique of
Friday claimed Axis penetration of the
Caucasus across the Kuban River within
80 miles of Maikop. In the great bend
Of the Don, which is one of the major
Typographical markings of the battle
ground before Stalingrad, the REIN
forced Russians, using. tanks brought up
by the reserves, concentrated against
German and Rumanian troops. But the
German strength was superior, and the
German reinforcements came up steadily.
Evening star., 1942-08-09
Americas Forty-Fifth Week of War
153d Week of World War IU
Bp Blair BoHes.

Almost the
nexoraby
their
tapeng Off With
indicated
n pressing
shall
really
fight produce
aggression
Evening star., 1942-08-09

the islands Gen. Eisenhower learned to
fly. earning his pilots wings when he
was 49,
Returning to this country In February,
1910, he joined the 18th Infantry at Fort
Lewis, Wash. and eight months later he
was promoted to chief of staff of the Sd
Division there, and four months later
was named chief of staff of the 9th
Army Corps. Three months later saw
him chief of staff of the Sd Army at San
Antonio Tex, which won the Army war
games in the South that year The Sd
Armys maneuvers were officially de-
scribed as "a brilliant operation"
One objective of the 194l Army games
was to show up inefficient officers and
to test the abilities of able officers. For
his part Gen. Eisenhower was promoted
to the temporary grade Of brigadier gen.
eral in September, 1941. Gen. Marshall
and the general staff had their eyes on
him, and in February, 1912, he was called
to washington as assistant chief OF
staff and director of the War Plans Di-
vision and later promoted to major gen.
eral. In the War Plans Division, now
called the Operations Division, the ac-
tivities of all the other branches of the
Army are focused and the director must
be thoroughly informed on industrial
production, equipment, logistics, troop
movements and, most important, gen.
eral strategy. On July 7 President
Roosevelt nominated Gen. Eisenhower
for the rank of lieutenant general. The
nomination was quickly confirmed.
Many persons are impressed by the
fact that, In Russian. Stain means
steel" and Molotov means "a hammer" F"
Gen. Esenhauer, or It's original form,
Eisenhauer, means "an iron Ak"
Evening star., 1942-08-09
PETRILLO'S BOYS EAT, HE GETS sac, 900
Highest Paid His Musicians
yCaroHA Arimond.

clans of the 104th Engineers to go on
the air with series of programs be-
cause they would compete with his pro-
fessionals.
II can't let them run wild" he de-
clared. There's no telling where this
thing might end"
Two days later he gave the Army the
right OF way after radio network off,
cials assured him that no studio musi-
clans would be discharged because OF
the Army competition.
Were patriotic enough to know these
things should go on" Petrillo announced.
Zine. Let them 60 on"
Petrillo fought John l.. Lewis in the
Chicago theaters late in 1899, threaten
ing to take his musicians out of the
pits unless three shows deleted refer
ence to or skits about the CIO chief.
Cant they write a play without
Lewis in it?" Jimmy fumed. From now
on it will be an established practice
to bar mention Of Lewis and all CIO
propaganda wherever I can"
Cut-Rate Fee Feud With Lewis.
When Petrillo went of to Florida for
a vacation, Lewis name crept back into
the shows.
But Lewis didn't get back in another
controversy in 1887 when Petrillo dis
covered Lewis had offered CIO char
ter to the independent American musi-
clans union with $500 members.
Jimmy notified the ANU members
they would be admitted to the Chicago
federation on payment of only 81 dues.
He waived the $10O initiation fee, which
had kept many of them out.
Within week Petrillo had rounded up
the independents and Lewis forgot his
aims for a musicians local in Chicago.
When Anton ]. Cermak was elected
Mayor of Chicago in 1881 he thought
it would be nice for high school band
to play at his Inauguration. Petrillo
demanded union band. James Caesar
was on the losing side until he learned
Cermak was planning radio broadcast
the day before the ceremonies.
Either Cermak hires a union band
for Monday or he don't broadcast Sum-
day. Jimmy told network official.
why drag us into it?' the radioman
asked There won't be any music with
his radio address"
You have to deal with me 365 days
in the year and with Cermak Sunday.
Whatll it be?" was Jimmy's reply.
A union band, paid by the Mayor,
played on Monday.
He and Kelly Are Comrades.
Jimmy has no such difficulties with
Chicago's present Mayor. Edward j.
Kelly. They are pals and Jimmy says,
ED is the best Mayor Chicago ever
had"
To celebrate Kelly's reelection in
1889 Petrillo and the federation gave
ball in the Chicago Stadium. Sixty
thousand persons jammed into the build
ing that has an arena capacity of 81 ,0O0
Jimmy passed the word around it
would be nice to have lots of music.
Twenty-three name" bands came to
town at their own expense to play They
included Paul Whiteman, Kay Kyser,
Horace Heidi Fred Waring, Wayne King,
Tommy Dorsey, Abe Lyman, Bob Crosby,
Dick Jurgens, Ina Ray Hutton, Henry
Busse and the Chicago Symphony
Orchestra.
Evening star., 1942-08-09

CH1CAl1O.-JdmeS 4. t1Or CaeSar) re-
trillo hasn't played his cornet for cash
for years, but that hasn't stopped him
from making big noise.
The current battles over canned"
music for radio and the broadcasting Of
concerts by amateur musicians aren't
the first ones for the pudgy chief OF the
American Federation of Musicians
(AFL). In 20 years of scrapping for his
'boys," he has taken on rival unions,
politicians, John L. Lewis, former Vice
President Charles G. Dawes, Benito Mus
solini, and the United States Army
and he usually has won.
The highest paid labor leader in the
world at $4,000 year, little 50-year-old
Jimmy goes into every fight with this
Petrilloism:
Music is an art, one of the greatest.
But it also is a trade like shoemaking
or carpentry and It, is a profession like
medicine or law, at which men and
women earn livelihoods for themselves
and their families"
To Put 1t More Concisely.
In less formal, but equally philosoph-
ical moments, he puts it more tersely:
MY boys gotta eat"
His boys can attest how doggedly Pc
Jimmy picked up his cornet to become
union leader, the boys who were fld-
ding or drumming in Chicago theater
orchestra pits were earning $12 a week.
Jimmy got them up to 500 week.
In gratitude his Chicago union pre-
sented him in 1888 with a $25, 900 home
on fashionable Lake Geneva, Wis. In
1884 the Chicago local sent him, Mrs.
Petrillo and Jimmy's predecessor as in
ternational president on two-months'
tour of Europe
Petrillo took II years to convince him
self that his forte was not reading musi-
cal scales, but leading fellow musicians
to better economic scales.
Il was loud, but lousy" Petrillo says
OF his cornet playing.
Produces Results for the Boys.
AS union leader:
The Chicago local of the AFL Ameri-
can Federation of Musicians, which he
has headed since 1922, has II 900 mem
bers, handles s25o,0o0 year, has assets
exceeding 81 100000 and owns 100000
union headquarters building.
AS president OF the local jimmy gets
| $4,000 year. AS president of the in
ternational federation, a job he has had
since 1910, he gets another sac 600,
| John L. Lewis salary is $25, 900 ana VIII
liam Green's $15,0Oo)
Jimmy serves without pay as Chicago
| park commissioner, but even in this he
didn't forget his boys. He had a pet idea
Of summer concerts In the parks, ad-
mission free, with the musicians paid by
the city.
In 1884 mis- union put on the concerts
and footed the bill, $4,000. The public
turned out 10 hear good music, as Jimmy
predicted, snd he proved his point to the
city. In succeeding years the concerts
were included in the parks budget.
| His Fight Hard at Start.
But hard jawed James Caesar had a
hard fight before his union reached the
level where 1t could toss thousand dollar
bills around that way.
In 1922 the Chicago local had 1000
members End the trade was hit hard BY
Evening star., 1942-08-09

in the organization,
training and prepara-
tions for overseas serv-
ice of technical troops
In the tank corps" He
is a graduate Of the
infantry tank school
and was No. l in his
class at the command
and general staff school
at Leavenworth. Later
he was graduated from
the Army War College
in Washington.
Gen. Macarthur,
when he was Chief Of
Staff, selected Gen.
Eisenhower as his chief
aide in 1888 and, when
Gen. Macarthur be-
came military adviser
in 1885, he took Gen.
Eisenhower with him
to Manila as his as
sistant. During his
four years service in