davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1942-10-28
Argentine Muneuvers

Argentine diplomacy obviously is
doing its best to keep neighboring
Chile from leaving it in uncomfort-
able solitude on the issue of strict
neutrality" Chilean President Rios
reshuffling Of his cabinet clearly
perturbed the Argentine government.
One of those cabinet changes was
the dropping of Foreign Minister
Jarpa, who had opposed a break
with the Axis powers, in favor of
Joaquin Fernandez y Fernandez,
Chilean Minister to Uruguay. On
his way home to his new post, Senior
Fernandez naturally had to pass
through Buenos Aires. This gave the
Castillo regime a chance to turn on
all its diplomatic Establishments. AS
chance would have it, Senor Fernan-
dez's trip coincided with memora-.
BILE Chilean anniversary, the CEN
tenary of the death of Bernardo
O'Higgins, hero of the war of eman-
cipation from Spanish rule. Accord
ingly, the Argentine capital was in
festal garb for the distinguished
visitor, while an Argentine naval
squadron paid a courtesy visit to
Chilean waters and its crews par
ticipated in the patriotic parade In
Santiago, the Chilean capital.
During all the wining and dining
at Buenos Aires, the Argentine For
Evening star., 1942-10-28
Union Lubor's Contribution

Several queries have reached Com
munity War Fund headquarters con-
corning the notation please indi-
cate labor union afflliation, If any"
on pledge cards distributed in the
Government and group solicitation
units. The answer is interesting and
in way significant.
Organized labor, as such, has never
participated in past Community
Chest campaigns, though individual
members, of course, always have.
Some months ago committee rep
resenting organized labor and the
Community Chest and Councils, Inc,
met to work out plan under which
the members of labor unions could
become active participants in Com
munity War Fund campaigns
throughout the country. AS q
result of this meeting, union men,
bers in Washington and elsewhere
are being asked by their own leaders
to contribute, and meetings are be-
Ing held to receive contributions at
t6sir places Of employment. The
Evening star., 1942-10-28

notation on the pledge cards is to
enable the auditors to arrive at the
total amounts contributed by the
members Of each of the various
unions.
The actual amount in money to
be realized from this organized par
ticipation Of the unions undoubtedly
will be substantial and a great help
in reaching the War Fund goal. OF
equal Importance, however, is the
voluntary recognition by organized
labor, representing the AFL, the CIO
and the railroad brotherhoods, of it's
own responsibility in this great
community effort and a willingness
to assume part of the burden. This
participation is another, fine indica-
ton of the splendid cooperative
spirit shown by all elements in the
community which is going to make
this War Fund campaign an unprece-
dented success.
Evening star., 1942-10-28

eign Minister, Ruiz Guinazu. was
constantly at his Chilean colleagues
elbow, and presented him to Presi-
dent Ramon Castillo, with whom he
had a lengthy conference. Appar-
emily, these contacts heartened the
Argentine leaders. At least, Senior
Guinazu delivered an address at the
OHiggins commemorative celebra-
ton which was couched in a self
confident tone. Chile and Argentina,
he said, have known how to main
tain intact their dignity as free
nations, their moral authority and
their self-respect." Seeing eye to
eye in foreign policy, they are bound
by their common wish for peace and
loyalty to their commitments. He
ended by asserting that Argentina
must keep her military equipment
ready to protect her rights and make
sure that they are respected"
On its face, this statement might
indicate that Ruiz Guinazu has
sounded out the new Chilean For
eign Minister and feels he is no
more in favor of an immediate
break with the Axis than was his
predecessor in office. This opti-
mism may be exaggerated, of course.
1t is hard to see why the Presi-
dent of Chile shuffied his cabinet
if he were to continue a policy of
neutrality in close association with
Argentina. Yet President Rios is
not in an easy position. A break with
the Axis involves not merely Ger
many and Italy but also Japan.
Chile is a Pacific Ocean nation,
and its inordinately long sea 'front.'
age is almost entirely defenseless
against potential japanese attacks.
Chile is smaller than Argentina, is
much less populous, and likewise has
conservative elements some of
whom are pro-Axis in sympathy.
Chilean public opinion doubtless is
watching anxiously the big japanese
offensive in the South Pacific. The
current battle in the Solomon Is
lands is a good argument for watch
full waiting" on the part of the Rios
administration. Its outcome may
we'll determine Chile's next diplo-
matte move.
Evening star., 1942-10-28
THIS AND. THAT
By Charles E. Tracewell.

one of their number and fell him to the
ground.
1.-The spectator examines the victim
and finds him dead, with his eyes pecked
out.
HE interprets what he has seen as
court of justice, the crows were trying the
criminal and, having found him guilty,
they proceed to execute him.
THE curious instinct which often
prompts animals to fall upon and destroy
a member OF the flock that is sick or
hurt or blind is difficult Of explanation,
but we may be quite sure that, whatever
the reason is, the act is not the outcome
of judicial proceeding in which judge,
jury and executioner all play their
proper part"
4 X ~
Grow Conventions" are a part of the
ordinary life of this extraordinary bird.
They gather in great hocks and call
and talk" to each other.
Starlings also indulge in this proceed
ing, especially in the spring, but at no
time seem to take the matter as seriously
as the crows.
1t is a tribute to the wisdom of the
crow, that men, in watching them, at
tribute so much to their doings.
An observer, watching group Of
starlings, would not attribute to them
the sagacity which he willingly credits
to the larger birds.
There is, indeed, something wise in
the very aspect of the crow.
Man has tried for years to fool him.
He has put up scarecrows, only to have
the birds get wise to them, as the say
ing Is.
1t is claimed that crow hunters dis
cover their prey more than a match for
them in cunning. If three men go into
a blind, for instance, and two of them
come out, one by one, and walk away
out of sight, the crows in the trees will
not fly away until the third man has
gone.
Such statements may be taken with a
grain of SALT however. We imagine that
if the lone man in the blind waited long
enough, the crows would be fooled 1t
would be matter of wearing out the
birds by mans superior perseverance.
This is often the case in catching small
tropical fishes in an aquarium Usually
one or two are of superior agility and
brain power, and refuse to be caught.
1t is then question Of pitting mans
brain against fish brain, with the odds
decidedly on the former.
+ X * +
Pearl Buck, in "The Good Earth"
points out that the Chinese believe that
crows circllng around house mean bad
luck.
When Wang Lung returned to his
house, he saw crows circling around. He
tried to drive them away, but they con-
tinued to circle over his roof.
He groaned in dismay, because he
viewed it as an evil omen.
Sure enough, according to the story,
bad luck came to him.
In the happy old European days B. H.
Before Hitler, 1t was held to be an
Ill omen If the shadow of crow fell
upon bride.
Evening star., 1942-10-28

@. When and where was commercial
aviation inaugurated?-P. P.
A. The first successful commercial air
service was inaugurated in 1920 by the
Avianca line in Columbia, South America.
@. Why is a self-indulgent psrson
referred to as Sybarite2-M. B.
A. The Inhabitants Of Sybaris, In
South Italy, were proverbial for their
luxurious living and self-indulgence. A
tale Is told by Seneca OF a Sybarite
who could not rest comfortably, because
a roseleaf doubled under him,
@. Was rugby football named for
Rugby College in England9-B. NIB.
A. The Encyclopedia of Sports says
that in 1923 William Ellis, student at
Rugby College, became excited during an
interclass soccer game when he missed
repeated kicks at the ball, picked it up,
and ran it across the line. This created
new game.
Q. When did Alfred Noyes write "The
Highwayman"?- XII.
A. The author says that the poem
came to him one stormy night in 1903,
while he was staying in an 18th century
country home in Southern England.
@. Was the Archduke Otto ever pro-
claimed Emperor of Austria?-M. E. P.
A. At the age of 18, in $780, Otto was
proclaimed Emperor of Austria and King
of Hungary, in the presence of his family,
at the Castle of Steenockerzeel in
Belgium.
@. What is the shortest time in which
a play has been written?-K. F. E.
A. At one time the late Edgar Wallace
and Samuel Shipman had play writing
contest for speed. Wallace completed
Ocean Liner" in IS hours, while Ship
man wrote "The Lady Must Be Found
in 381h hours.
@. Who said that music is the uni
versal language of mankind?-S. M. r.
A. The words, Music, the universal
language of mankind will be found in
Longfellows poem, Outre-Mer; Ancient
Spanish Ballads.
Q. What is the derivation of the term
"quartermaster" L: A.
A. "Quartermaster" was used as
early as 1442 to refer to petty officer
of the navy who attends to the steering
of the ship, and some other duties. In
this sense, it comes from quarter
keep ones own place" 1t has been used
in military sense since 1900.
Q. From what is agar derived?-K. A,
A. Agar is derived from gelidium, a
seaweed.
@. How long have photographs been
retouched?-L NICK.
A. A portrait Of Hans Christian An
dersen 1855) by Franz Hanfstaengl is
said to be the first photograph to be
retouched.
Evening star., 1942-10-28
Letter to q Son

Remember ho,D, last Christmas cue,
You 9ayly brought her tn
The pretty neU gtrl come to toDn?
I thought then that your grin
Was like the Uay you used to smile
When you ,Dere uery small
And brought some precious treasure
home
TO share it 1Uith US all.
And suddenly my heart stood stiu,
For instantly / kne,D
That this aUas it-that she 1Dould be
Lies greatest gift to you.
And so tonight ,ue sing again
Those carols OF last year-
And soft, the freight on her hair.
She also sings, my dedri
VIRGINIA SCOTT MINER.
Evening star., 1942-10-28
KING PLACE.

Dear Sir:
"We live on the edge of large tract
of woods, consequently hear and see
owls, hawks and crows Whenever
hear the crows raising hullabaloo, I
usually think to myself, An owl or a
hawk is around
However, a short time ago heard this
crow pow-woW which seemed an unusual
one. One crow would give one lone,
plaintive cav, then the whole flock
would break into loud calls.
Finally, the noise got so much louder
and nearer, looked out the window.
There, walking across the lawn, was a
large flock of crows, with more trailing
along in the trees AS looked, one crow
stopped, threw his head back, and with
his bill straight in the air, gave one lone
cav.
"The flock clustered around, crying
loudly. Then the procession moved on,
and this performance was repeated over
and over. I thought maybe the one
crow was grieving, and the flock was
trying to console it, but I have heard
since that crows have trials and con-
demn offenders to death. I wonder.
yours very truly, A. L. B."
Whatever may be the truth about the
crow trials" there is no question but
that this bird is one of the most intel
ligent of feathered folk
DR.. T. Gilbert Pearson, writing in the
"The Book of Birds" issued by the Ma
tional Geographic Society, says:
"Some observers claim that they hold
trials over the conduct of some of their
members. There is little evidence, how
ever, that anything Of this kind takes
place.
The nearest opportunity ever had of
being witness to any of their activities
suggesting condemnation proceedings
against one of their kind occurred one
winter evening while I was watching
scattered f1ocks of hundreds of crows
coming to their roost.
Suddenly became aware of an un-
usual commotion among group Of
eight. One evidently was in great dis
favor with the others, for with angry
and excited cawings they were striking
at him most vigorously. The strength of
the prosecuted bird was all but spent
when I first sighted him, and when a
moment later the fleeing one sustained
particularly viscious onslaught he
began to fall.
He did not descend gradually, like a
bird injured on the wing, but plunged
downward like falling rock for 100 feet
or more into the top of large pine tree,
and, bounding from limb to limb, struck
the ground only a few yards from me.
when I picked him up he was dead
and badly battered
X
Ornithologists, you see, are chary of
accepting the seemingly evident testi-
mony of their own senses.
John Burroughs put it this way:
"A man sees a flock of crows in a tree
in state of commotion, now they all
cav, then only one master voice is heard
presently two or three crows fall upon
Evening star., 1942-10-28
-. s-s
Huskin's Answers
To Questions
BIZ Frederic j. HdSkin.

A reader can get the ans,Der to any
question of fact by ,oriting The Eue-
ming Star Information Bureau, Fred
eric J. Hnskin, director, Washington,
DC. Please inclose stamp for return
postage.
O. How many people can stand in
the head of the Statue of Liberty?-D. D.
A. Forty persons can stand in the
head and II in the torch.
@. Is it true that some birds are able
to swallow oysters whole?-A. F.
A. The scoters, bodied ducks,
swallow oysters and clans entire, break
ing them in their gizzards and grinding
them. shell and all, into fragments.
Q. Is it correct to write anchors
Aweigh" with the apostrophe?-C. N.
A. Since it is contraction Of Anchor
Is Aweigh,' the apostrophe is correctly
used.
Q. What is the altitude Of Asheville,
N. C.?-M. M.
A. Asheville lies at an elevation Of
2,o51 feet.
@. Why do women close their eyes
when they are kissed?-C. NJ NJ
A. The action is partly an emotional
reflex, and partly conscious effort to
shut out anything that might distract
the attention.
@. What became of the wreck of the
German battleship Graf Spee?-E. c. L.
A. 1t was purchased by junk dealer
in Montevideo for $17,5OO.
@. Are operas performed In English
to any extent in this country?-E E. A.
A. David Even in Music Comes to
America says an informal survey re-
vealed that u different operas have
been produced in English. Notable sue
cesses at the Metropolitan were Semeta-
mas "The Bartered Bride" and Mozart's
THE Magic Flute"
Evening star., 1942-10-28
Coffee Chronicle

taire in 1890, expected the fashion
for drinking coffee to pass in the
manner of other fads. Her error of
judgment is demonstrated by the
regret with which millions of Amer
leans a century and half later have
received the news that their supplies
of roasted seeds of the Rubiaceae
classification are to be rationed. The
habit of coffee has been a popular
folk custom in the United States
since long before the adoption of
the Constitution. Indeed, the earliest
settlers of both Virginia and Massa-
chusetts probably were familiar with
the pleasures to be had from the
ground brown bean.
Nobody really knows how coffee
first entered into human experience.
The traditional story is told by G..
F. Scott Eliot in his Romance Of
Plant Life" in the words: "Once
upon time in those fertile noun
tains of Abyssinia which have never
yet been explored by the white man,
there was very holy and pious
hermit. He used to live entirely on
the milk of few goats which he
carefully tended with his own hands.
One morning he noticed that one of
these goats showed signs of unusual
excitement. It was frisking about
and obviously was we'll pleased with
ITSELF" The recluse watched the
animal closely and "soon discovered
that it was in the habit of grazing
on the bright red berries of a very
handsome shrub in the hills. The
anchorite tasted those fruits and
J.. . he also became both pleased
with himself and somewhat excited"
Other, less colorful accounts of the
beginning of the coffee industry, of
course, have been offered. It seems
evident that coffee was introduced
into Arabia by the Sheikh Dabhani
in 1470. About 1854 it appeared in
Constantinople. Nathaniel Canopus,
a Cretan, is supposed to have intro
duced it into England in 1641. The
first coffee house was opened at
Oxford by "a Jew named Jacobs" in
1850. A decade later such establish
ments were numerous throughout
Britain and not unknown in France.
Seeds from a coffee plant in the
botanical garden at Amsterdam were
sent to Surinam in Dutch Guiana
in 1718. More recently four-fi of
the worlds supply of coffee has been
grown in Brazil where hundreds of
thousands Of acres of tropical jungle
have been cleared for the shrubs
descended from the immigrant an
cestors from Holland. The annual
crop, as estimated at Sac Paulo in
1887, approximate nine to ten mil
lion bags of 1872 pounds each.
Americans who now In the midst
OF the Second World War must Ego
short" of their favorite beverage
perhaps will find some consolation
IN hearing that their forefathers oc-
casionally suffered a similar incon-
venience. Coffee replaced tea dur
ing the Revolution, but was shut
of from all parts of the United
States in the War of 1912 and was
alternately denied to the South and
the North in the Civil War between
1861 and 1865.
Evening star., 1942-10-28
Complains About Critics

To the Editor of The Star:
The present campaign of jeers and cat
calls in movie houses, radio and news
papers against the Womens Christian
Temperance Union is a current example
of intolerance.
However one feels about the question,
these women are entitled to respectful
hearing. The fact that their opposition
is conducted on such q low plane and
largely by those with axes to grind tells
its own story. Propaganda also has
played upon only the evils OF prohibition
and not at all with those of repeal, dis
NAL failure that 1t is, for every one but
the liquor interests and those who hope
to benefit from them.
No wonder women are thoroughly dis
gusted with the conduct of public affairs.
EDNA M. COLLARS.
Evening star., 1942-10-28

1ngton, but never publicly shown here
the invention of two Washington men,
Thomas Armatt and c. Francis jenkins.
This machine was taken over by Thomas
Edison, who called it the Vitascope Cor
Vitagraph) and 1t was being shown at
Roster and Balls Music Hall in New
York when left for London.
The same Thomas Armatt opened
and operated the first real moving pic
ture theater in Washington, this being
in the old Post Building at Tenth and
D streets in 1897 or 1898 The Biograph
previously was shown for several months
at Willard Hall in 1897, but at high
prices. R. G. CRAERIN.
Evening star., 1942-10-28
Tells Early History
OF Local Movies.


To the Editor of The Star:
I wish to correct misstatement Cum
Intentional, of course) in the article,
Scenes Along Early New York Avenue" :"
by John Clagett Proctor, in The Sunday
Star, October 25
The author, referring to Willard Hall
on F street, said: "And here on January
l, 1897, was shown the first moving pic
ture in Observation-Disclosures famous
cinematographe." This was accompan-
led by reproduction of a newspaper
"ad" which stated: Absolutely first
time In Washington of Lumiere's Cine
matographe."
Mr.. Proctor evidently was misled by
this wording, as it referred to the ma
chine and not to the picture.
To keep the record straight, the first
moving picture shown in Washington
was the Animatographe, at the Grand
Opera House Qater known as Polls
Theaters, and the date was Labor Day.
1896. The writer made special trip
to London to secure this machine and
the exhibition rights in the United
States. It was shown as an added at
traction at Grand Opera House, where
comic opera company was then play
ing. Verification of this showing may
be found by consulting the local theater
reviews of the day after Labor Day,
1896, in The Star, Times and Post, all
of which reviewed the showing in de-
tail.
1t is of further interest, in connection
with the history of local moving picture
showings, to state that, unknown to the
writer when he went to London to Sc
cure the Animatographe, which was then
being shown at the Alhambra Music Hall
in opposition to the Lumiere machine,
which was at the Empire Music Hall,
there waS Z similar machine In Wash.
Evening star., 1942-10-28
Parliamentary Law-Are you always

Parliamentary Law-Are you always
silent in meeting when you would
like to take part in Its proceedings
silent because you are afraid of max
ing parliamentary blunder? Do
you know your rights in debate, the
kinds of motions you can make, and
when to offer them? Would you be
able to preside If you were suddenly
called to the chair? If you were
elected recording secretary, would you
know how to keep the minutes Of your
club? These questions point to the
value Of our booklet, "Parliamen-
tary Law" To secure your copy In
close Is cents in coin, wrapped IN
this clipping, and mail to The Star
Information Bureau.
Name
Address
Evening star., 1942-10-28
Expresses Appreciation
OF Washington Photographs.

Uf washington PhOtOgraphS.
To the Editor Of The Star:
May add word of thanks to you
for your Capital in Peacetime'?
To those of us who have lived in and
loved our Capital these pictures will be
SO welcome.
Let's hold to all we can Of things
beautiful; and In your hands you have
much influence.
MARY F1douss PROCTOR,
Evening star., 1942-10-28
Criticizes Objection
To Teaching Languages.

To the Editor of The Star:
I read with interest your editorial
WANTED: Language Students" in The
Star for October 10.
At meeting of junior high school
teachers in Washington, October 20, the
secretary of the Policy Forming Com
mittee of the National Education Asso-
citation indicated that he does not ap-
prove of the effort to build up the num-
bers of students In the classes of foreign
languages. He would discontinue the
study of Latin. He implied that the
study of all foreign languages could be
discontinued.
1t is difficult for language teachers to
support the National Education Associa-
tion when its representatives make gen.
eralizations which represent only their
own thinking.
CATHARINE A. GARDINER.
Evening star., 1942-10-28

1t is said that there are no snakes
In either Ireland or New Zealand
not counting, of course, what Japs
or Nazis may be concealed there as
spies.
Evening star., 1942-10-28
Quotes Approval
OF Traffic Court BrOadcasts.


Tc the Editor OF The Star:
In answer to the recent letter in The
Star from Samuel Saloman protesting
against the broadcast from the District
Traffic Court over Station WINK, we
would like to submit the following quo
tation from an unsolicited letter of COM
mendation to WINK, written by Howard
F. Wentworth, secretary to the Traffic
Advisory Council of the District of
Columbia:
"As secretary of the Commissioners
Traffic Advisory Council and in behalf
of Traffic Director William A. Van
Duzer, have been instructed to extend
to you and your staff at WINK an ex-
preston of sincere appreciation for your
daily broadcast from District Traffic
Court.
Your regular programs from the
courtroom and rebroadcast of the pro-
ceedings at might are contributing in no
small measure to the city's traffic safety
promotion efforts. Station WINK is
rendering real public service which
truly merits it's signature of Washing
tons Own Station
with best wishes for continued sue
cess in all your undertakings, 1 am,
very truly yours, Howard F. Wentworth,
Secretary, Traffic Advisory Council"
This letter was postmarked October
21-one day earlier than the letter of
Mr. Saloman appeared in The Star.
WINK BROADCAST1NG COMPANY,
LAWRENCE ]. HELLER, President.
Evening star., 1942-10-28

Urges Ballots
For Drafted Boys
To the Editor Of Ths star:
The drafting Of the 1s and 10 year old
youths may have a political angle. They
should be allowed to vote for their COM
mander In chief. ROSE E. HUGHES.
Evening star., 1942-10-28

Three sorts OF leaks have to be
particularly watched now here in
Washington: Gasoline, information
and water.
Evening star., 1942-10-28

A 'front.'" in the language Of
crooks, is an impressive appearance
but with nothing behind it. Not the
Russian front. Ask Hitler.
Evening star., 1942-10-28
Letters to the Editor

Letters to the Editor must
bear the name and address of
the 1Uriter, although the use OF
a pSeudonyn1 for publication is
permissible. The Star reserves
the right to edit all letters 1uith
q Uie1D to condensation.