davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1942-06-03

A number of opinions have
been offered. Some comments
have been that two wrongs do
not make a right; others have
said that 1t is more important to
concentrate on military objectives
than on bombing for a political
purpose.
Others have doubted whether
such action would have any
effect. In particular the military
mind comments: Threats Of
bombing German communities
would not deter Himmler or
Hitler from continuing the
slaughter of French and other
innocents"
Now, to these I would say, first,
that the idea of total" war is
to me horrible beyond measure.
1t was German concept in the
first place, and its author was
Ludendorff, who first projected
this pattern of war in his book
Der totale Krieg" written in the
1920s. The International Red
Cross is the author of the con-
trary idea that civilization i'm
poses even upon war certain in
hibitions. I am in favor of the
Red Cross and not of Ludendorff
and Hitler.
Proposed as Warning.
And I did not propose reprisals
for revenge for what has already
happened. I proposed warnings
and specific penalties If the
shooting of hostages continued.
Political speculation prompted
this suggestion and most of the
commentators have failed to take
them into account in passing
judgment.
I also do not believe that
threats of bombing German
communities would deter Hitler
or Himmler from shooting hos
tages.
I do think that the German
people themselves might deter
them. am assuming that the
Gestapo is not popular in Ger
many itself. I am assuming that
it is the least popular of all the
Nazi institutions. I am assuming
that in the German Army there
are hundreds of officers who
loathe the Gestapo. And I am
assuming all this on very good
evidence, on a close and continu-
Gus study of this regime since its
beginning in 1888, and on the
confirmation of every report
from Germany, including the
latest ones from returning cor
respondents.
The response to my suggestion
from members of governments in
exile in this country has been
enormous. They have no doubt
whatsoever of what the result
would be on the morale in the
conquered countries. True, as
has been commented. the popu-
lations will continue to fight in
any case. But it is just human
Evening star., 1942-06-03

marines in the extremely hazard
Gus task of attacking transports.
II the protection Of our troop
ships had been relaxed there is
no question that the Axis packs
would have taken particular pains
to sink them. Besides the fact
that fewer American troops would
have reached their destinations
abroad, the propaganda value Of
such sinkings would have been
tremendous. 1t would have been
well worth the loss of several
submarines.
With the present large produc-
ton Of sub chasers many larger
naval units will now be available
for ocean convoy duty and it is
confidently expected that sink
tngs on transatlantic routes will
be reduced as sharply in the next
few months as coastwise sinkings
already have been cut.
Evening star., 1942-06-03
u. 5. Seen VIOLATING
Rent Freezing Rule
By the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press
SAN DIEGO, Calf, June s.
Uncle Sam as landlord was listed
today as a possible violator of the
rental freeze on more than 1000
dwellings units he owns here.
Principally affected among Gov
ernment houses are 5000 dwelling
units in the $4,000 900 Linda Vista
housing project, the Nations largest.
Linda Vista rents originally were
on an ability-to-pay basis, figured
on the monthly income of tenants.
This basis was In effect January /,
1941, the date on which the rent
freeze was based. A new rent policy
went into effect early this year,
resulting in general increase in
charges.
John A. Arvin, San Diego ad-
ministrator. said the regulations
apply to publicly owned as well as
privately owned dwellings. He said
a report and recommendation would
be made to Washington soon.
Evening star., 1942-06-03
Argentina Confiscotes
Anti-Axis Magazines
BY the Associated Press.

by the hSsOciateo HreSs.
BUENOS AIRES, June 3-In re-
sponSe to a German Embassy pro-
test, the Argentine government yes
terday confiscated 25 900 copies OF
the magazine Mundial, which has
been a persistent critic of the Axis.
The copies were seized aboard q
boat bringing them from Montevideo
where the magazine is published
The government didn't say just what
the Germans objected to in this
particular issue,
Evening star., 1942-06-03
200 Balkan Nationals
Are Residents OF District

More than 200 aliens of Hun
garian, Rumanian and Bulgarian
nationality are residents of the
District, the Justice Department
estimated yesterday. Hungarians
numbered 131, Rumanians, 73, and
Bulgarians 9.
In Maryland, there are 655 aliens
of Hungarian nationality, 24l Ru-
manians, and 7 Bulgarians The
alien population of Virginia in
cluded 317 Hungarians. 80 Ruma-
mans and 7 Bulgarians.
Evening star., 1942-06-03

the whole progress of the war in
the Far East.
AS previously pointed out. at
present the whole Japanese effort
in South China, Indo-China, Ma
laya, Burma, the Philippines, the
Netherlands Indies and the islands
of the Pacific is dependent on sea
transport.
Prior to the war the Japanese
called their merchant marine home
and they had available something
approaching 100000 tons of mer-
chant shipping. Their war losses
have been estimated at 800 900 tons
so far and are still continuing.
Their annual shipbuilding capacity
is not over 100000 tons.
Thus they have already lost twice
as many ships as they can replace
in full year and seem likely to
continue to lose them at a rate
which must be alarming to the
Japanese high command. 1t is not
too much to say that losses of
merchant shipping may prove TO
be the Achilles heel Of the whole
Japanese war effort.
Move to Free Shipping.
Consequently, any Japanese move
to improve long-distance land COM
munications is Of vital Importance
to the United Nations, because such
a move tends to relieve the pressure
on japanese shipping. Specifically,
it has been estimated that the sup
port of the Japanese armies in
China requires the constant use of
about 100000 tons of merchant
shipping, operating chiefly to the
ports of Tientsin, Shanghai and
Canton.
If direct rail connection between
Hankow and Canton could be opened,
this would mean that the japanese
would have an unbroken rail haul all
the way from ports on the Sea Of
Japan. only a few hundred miles
from the japanese main islands.
clear down to Canton, on the South
| China Sea, and to Luchow, which is
only about 100 miles from the from
tier Of French Indo-China.
Between Luchow and Langson,
which is the terminus of branch
Of the Indo-C Chinese railways, a rail
connection was formerly under con-
struction and much of the survey
and grading work has been COM
pleted. Were this link to be finished,
the Japanese would then have a di-
rect rail line all the way down to
Saigon, and another short link from
Saigon to the Mekong River would
give them a further direct connec-
ton with the Thai state railways
and Malaga.
Would Offset Sea Losses.
In other words, the clearing of the
Hankow-Canton Railway, plus the
construction of two short connect
ing lines for which unlimited forced
labor would be available, would en-
able the japanese to ship goods by
rail the whole distance from the
Sea Of Japan to Singapore.
Moreover. it would provide the
Japanese with the means of main
tanning hold on all their positions
in Southeastern Asia, even though
they might suffer severe naval de-
feats in the Pacific and lose control
Of the South China Sea.
Given these conditions, nothing
could be palmer than the urgent
necessity Of finding means to enable
the Chinese armies to hold fast to
these strategic railways. 1t is no
isolated and local conflict which is
being fought out in South China
today. but one which may affect
the whole course of the war in the
Pacific and Far East.
Copyright 1912. BY New York Tribune,
1nc)
Evening star., 1942-06-03
Goudy Designing
Last Type Face
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
LOS ANGELES, June 3.-Fred-
eric William Goudy, who has de-
signed lib type faces during his
career OF more than three decades,
is working on his last
The famous typographical artist,
here to receive an honorary degree
today from the University Of CAL
ifornia at Los Angeles, said he
would call it "Goudy 3d." after the
newspaper symbol meaning the end.
He described the new face as
a Roman type with q Gothic in
f1uence,
Evening star., 1942-06-03
Nozis Arrest Judges
Accused of Leniency
By the Associated Press.

BERN, Switzerland, June 3.-The
Germans have started arresting
magistrates in Cologne, Hanover.
Frankfort, Dresden and other cities
for being too indulgent with people
dissatisfied with the Nazi regime
and the war;" 1t was learned here
last night.
This action was In line with Hit
ier's last speech disciplining the
judiciary.
Evening star., 1942-06-03

wieldiness Is in
creasingly clear
to m a ny who
heretofore have
chosen not to see
it. Though the
situation is not
discussed pub
licly, 1t is q
source OF in
creasing worry
to the more COM
petent men here
One of these
Is Donald Mel
ron u,bn thc
Evening star., 1942-06-03

security" is not what is agitating the
men who do strike, but demands for
more wages or higher rates of pay
for less hours. The War Labor
Board will, therefore, have plenty Of
problems to solve when it comes to
wage stabilization and this may be
one reason why the War Labor
Board appears at times so ready, in
effect, to barter concessions on
union security" for the dropping or
lessening of wage demands.
Reproduction Rights Reserved)
Evening star., 1942-06-03

the aid of the
fighting Isl
lent people"
a n d t a X e
steps to throw
the fear Of
God into the
German peo-
pie if the
shooting of
hostages con-
t n u es has
been widely
d l S C u S s e d
S in ce tn e
article a p
peared.
Evening star., 1942-06-03
By CONSTANTINE BROWN.

Heartening news that the Royal
Air Force has made another mass
attack on the Reich's industrial
centers in the Ruhr is followed
by the less spectacular, but in
many respects more important.
report that the anti-submarine
campaign on the Atlantic sea-
board has now entered a decisive
phase.
Qualified quarters in Washing
ton now feel justified in predict
ing that within the next two or
three weeks there will be no
more submarine raids in the Gulf
Evening star., 1942-06-03

other day evinced his concern
when he appointed an "organiza-
tional planning committee" of
which DIR. Luther Gulick is chair
man, the purpose Of which is to sur
vey and weed out in order ito keep
u.s." Mr.. Nelson said, from getting
top-heavy."
1t would have been more accurate
for him to have said we are already
so terribly top-heavy that efncient
and effective functioning is getting
more difficult all the time. The
WPBs publicity division with its
more than 300 full-salaried pub
licity agents and their aides is q
fine example. but there are plenty
of others. Getting top-heavy" is
an inadequate description. We are
top-heavy.
Inevitable Result.
The truth is that in creating this
war organization there has been no
sense of proportion, slight consider
alton OF costs and no exercise OF
restraint. Apparently, everything
was thought of except the relation
of compactness to competency. The
result is that this war effort ma
chine sprawls hideously all over the
place. The various agencies make
one think Of great. torpid. overfed
animals, who weave, wobble and
sway instead of walking straight in
any direction. 1t is the inevitable
consequence Of unlimited money and
unrestricted power.
That combination, when unac-
companied by balance, judgment
and restraint, is dangerous one,
indeed. More than a hundred bill
lion dollars is now available in un-
expended balances for these war
agencies. In authorizing this incon-
ceivable sum, Congress has given
over It's control of the purse strings,
and there is slight real check on
the expenditures Of the executive
branch.
No one, of course, wants to cramp
for money any genuine war activity,
but under existing circumstances,
unless there is at the top some hand
to restrain the natural tendency to-
ward excessive size and expansion,
things get out Of control and the
effectiveness of the machine di-
minishes as the bulk and cost in
crease.
Agencies diversified.
That that stage was reached some
time ago is the conviction of prac-
tically every man in position to have
an opinion and sufficiently detached
to express it. No one knows to-
day how many civilian employees
are now on the Government pay
rolls-but what Is known Is that
5000 went on in March. and that
they are going on now at the rate
of 1000 a week. At this rate the
Evening star., 1942-06-03

Official figures
now are avail
able which show
that despite the
assurances given
Congress during
J a n uary and
February and
despite the be-
lief of the ad-
ministration that
in avoiding leg
islation restrict
ing strikes the
labor movement
was responding
Evening star., 1942-06-03

to Ch a n gs h a
via Nanchang.
This is an ex-
ceedingly seri-
GUS prospect for
the United Ma
tions. @ uit 9
aside from the
cruel blow
which would be
inflicted on the
fighting power
of China, these
Chinese rail-
waVS have a dt-
rect hearing on
Evening star., 1942-06-03
Advocate Of Bombing Reprisos for Shooting
Hostages Insists Germon People Con Halt Practice

to wish to be noticed by the great
nations Of the world.
We say that this Is a peoples
war, but we do far too little to
demonstrate that 1t is. We ac-
tually do take reprisals for the
bombing Of Allied cities. But
terror, of which the shooting OF
innocent hostages and the tor
turing Of captives Is the chief
instrument, is allowed to go
without protest. And even we
have become so callous that we
no longer react normally against
the appalling lawlessness Of
what is being done. The atti-
tude seems to be How other
wise can they govern the oc-
cupied countries?" The terror
Is taken for granted.
Now, to that I must repeat:
Occupied countries have been
governed before. Germany, for
instance, was partly occupied by
Britain, France and the United
States after the last war, and
there was sabotage and even
attacks on the occupying forces,
especially in the Ruhr territory.
But never was q hostage shot.
Every saboteur who was appre-
hended was tried. A Nazi ma
tional hero was Leo Schlageter,
who was shot by the French for
blowing up a bridge. But Schla-
geter committed the deed; he
was not shot because somebody
else had done it.
1t is not our business to give
advice to the Nazis how to rule
the conquered countries, but it is
our business to protect our allies
and rule out governing by naked
terror. The only way We can
rule it out is to warn the German
people that they will share the
fate of the victims of the Gestapo.
unless they stop their Gestapo.
People Can Be Effective.
The theiry also is advanced
that the German people cannot
do anything about 1t. The answer
Is they can. No terrorist gang
like the Gestapo can continue
to operate against the bulk of
public opinion, including that Of
part, at least, Of the armed forces.
Furthermore, the situation in
Germany is now critical in the
extreme. I don't believe for an
instant that a Czech shot Cor
bombed Reinhard Heydrich. His
assassination Is another Reich
stag fire; it's an EXCUSE for a
purge. And the purge is taking
place quietly inside Germany as
well.
Therefore, the whole point Of
my proposal was to make the
already hated Gestapo even more
hated inside Germany-to make
the German people feel that the
sufferings of all people ricochet
upon themselves. I remember
the late Clarence Darrow once
remarked, nobody in this world
is sorry for any one else; people
are only sorry for themselves"
He was arguing for the selection
of jurymen who could imagine
themselves in the place of the
defendant.
This is what we must make
clear to the German people. Every
hostage murdered Is a danger to
them. The threat should be ac-
companied by appeals, by warn
ings, by denunciations of the
Gestapo lawlessness; they should
be told that we don't want to do
this; they should be urged to take
measures to protect themselves
by stopping murder. They must
be gotten over the idea drummed
into them by Hitler that Provi-
dence gives them some special
immunity.
released by the Bell Syndicate, Incl
Evening star., 1942-06-03

THE opinions OF the rtters this page their not
necessarily The Stars Such opinions presented
Stars effort to gue all sides OF questions Of interest its
readers although such opinions may contradictory among
themselves and directly opposed to The Stars.
Evening star., 1942-06-03
On the Record
BY DOROTHY THOMPSON.

The suggestion made last week
In this column that the United
Nations, and in particular Britain
and the United States, spring to
Evening star., 1942-06-03
China Must
Hold Rails,
Eliot Says
Loss Of Lines
Seen Peril to
All Allies
By MAI. GEORGE FIELDING
ELIOT.

1t is increasingly clear that the
major Japanese objective in China
Is to obtain the full and unob-
structed use Of the Hankow-
Changsha-Can railway, together
with the branch line from Shanghai
Evening star., 1942-06-03
New Source of Water

Discovery of flowing artesian
water in Arabia makes possible an
increase in the number of oases and
the introduction of new kinds Of
crops.
Evening star., 1942-06-03
BY FRANK r. KENT.

So swollen in size have the Wash
ington war agencies become that
the clogging of the wheels through
bungling management and sheer un-
Evening star., 1942-06-03
Non-Strike
PIedge62%
Effective
Union Organization
Decreases as Cause
For Stoppoges
By DAVID LAWRENCE.

How effective is the 100 per cent
non-strike pledge given by the
American Federation of Labor and
tLo
The Waterbury Democrat., 1942-07-17
GAS RATION BOOK
 TIME IS ENDING
Period for Applications Supposed to Close at 5
 O'Clock Today

The period for filing of applica- tions for B and c supplemental gas- oline rationing books was to expire at 5 D. m. Offices of the rationing board, located in the Mattatuck Historical society at 119 West Main street, were filled with motorists fill- ing their applications in person. Scores more of applications were re- ceived by mail.
 Last night was the deadline for owners of commercial cars to apply for their gas ration books. The vol unteer staff directed by Attorney James E. Mcknight began acting on these applications today.
 Applications to be filled out by operators of gasoline stations have still not arrived, and it may be that a majority of stations will be with out gas when permanent rationing goes into effect next Wednesday. Members of the Waterbury Gasoline Dealers association have voted to close their stations next Wednesday. They must report to the rationing board the amount of gas in their tanks at the close of business Tues day night.
 1t is not yet known when the B and c books will be distributed, but distribution may be delayed until sfter the 22d. In the interim, those entitled to B and c books would have to get along on the four-gallon d week allotment allowed them on their basic A books.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1942-07-17
COCHRAN
 IS DEAD ONE YEAR
Pretty Lynn Girl Stepped Into Auto, Was Never
 Again Seen Alive

Lynn, Mass, July T.-(UP)-One year ago today pretty Frances Cochran, 8 19-year old bookkeeper, stepped off bus on her way home from work, entered a square backed" automobile and was never again seen alive.
 Three days later her battered and mutilated body-a tree branch jammed down her throat-Was found in 8 Salem lovers lane. De- spite constant search, police ap- parently are no nearer a solution to the crime than when the body was found.
 Hundreds of leads have been fol- lowed and hundreds of men ques- toned, the latest one being an itin- erant automobile mechanic who was arrested at schenectady, N. Y. How ever, like all the others, this man was eliminated as suspect and Investigating officers went to New York city to question 8 man in custody there.
 Inspectors Joseph M. cannon ol Lynn, one of two officers assigned to hunt the killer no matter what the cost in money or time, gave no reason for suspecting the man held in New York.
 The girls parents, MT. and Mrs Harold D. Cochran, despite the fruit less search, said they were satisfied that everything possible was being done to apprehend the sadistic killer
 "Today will be an ordeal for us, they said, 1t has been an ordeal every minute of the year that has passed since she failed to come home that night. It was g shock from which we will never recover"
The Waterbury Democrat., 1942-07-17
American Hero Day" Observed byMerchants
Sale of Bonds, Stamps Is Going Along Quite We'll, Says William H. Jones, Chairman of
 Bond Committee

The special American Heroes Day drive today by retail merchants for the sale of war bonds and stamps was going over quite well" at press hour, according to William H. Jones, chairman of the merchants bond committee. Today'S sales, he said, would add a large total to the amount of bonds and stamps sold by merchants during their month long July campaign.
 Several stores in the downtown section had booths set up in front, with members of their sales staffs selling bonds and stamps to passers- by. Others had attractive young salesladies, becomingly costumed, selling corsages and boutonnieres made up of defense stamps, to ped estrians. These were enjoying a rapid sale.
 Merchants were disappointed by the rain that fell this morning but most of them agreed that sales are progressing satisfactorily.
 City-wide observance of American Heroes Day was asked yesterday by Mayor Vincent A. Scully in an off, cial proclamation in which he asked that tribute be paid to Waterbur- ians who have died in the service since the start of the war. Flags were displayed at the City Hall and at schools, as well as in front ot many business buildings and homes
The Waterbury Democrat., 1942-07-17
AMERICAN VESSEL
 IN RESCUE ROLE

An East Coast Port, July 1T = (UP) - An American merchant vessel rescued survivors of a day. light Caribbean torpedoing less than an hour after their small Dutch merchant ship had been sunk seven weeks ago, the third naval district reported today.
 Two of the crew of 3l were lost, presumably by drowning.
 The submarine commander point ed out two men swimming not far from a life raft, asked some Ques- tionS in Q business like manner and moved away on the surface, sub merging a short distance from the survivors. The two men he pointed out were picked up.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1942-07-17
Prosecution Of Four Spies Now Completed
Those Who Landed in New York Have Heard Evi= denCe; Three More Arrests Have Been Made
 Today in New York

Washington, July 17-(UP) - Mai. Gen. Frank Mccoy, president of the military commission trying eight Nazi saboteurs, announced to- day that the prosecution had com- pleted its case against the four who were landed from submarine near Amagansett, N. Y.
 Mccoy said in a statement that the reading of documents, begun Wednesday afternoon, had been completed and that one of the F'BI counter espionage agents had been recalled by the defense for addition al croSS-exainlnarlon.
 One of the documents was be- lieved to be the confession of George John Dasch, leader of the quartet that landed on the Long Island shore. This group was surprised by coast guardsman John Cullen who gave the alarm leading to their capture, after they had tried un- successfully to bribe the youth to keep quiet about their landing.
 Text of McCoy's statement:
 "The morning session convened at g a. III. and adjourned at 12:30 p. m.
 "The reading of the long docu- ments begun on Wednesday after noon was completed. One of the FBI witnesses was also recalled by the defense council for additional cross examination.
 "The prosecution has now con- cluded its case against the four prisoners alleged to have landed on Long Island"
 In addition to Dasch, Ernest Peter Burger, Henry Harm Heinck, and Richard Quirin landed on Long Is- land.
 It was expected that the prosecu- tion now would devote its case to the four who landed by submarine on the Jacksonville, Fla, coast. This group was led by Edward John Ker- ling, who was accompanied by Her bert Hans Haupt, Hermann Otto Neubauer and Werner Thiel.
 Meantime. the government had presented or was prepared to pre- sent formal charges in Chicago New York and Brooklyn, N. r.. against 10 alleged accomplices of the Sa- boteurs
 S5O,OOO Ball Each
 New York, July IT. (UP) = tContinued on Page 0