davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1942-01-09

when the German surface fleet fled
to its base at Kiel and was immobil-
lied for the duration Of the war by
the British blockade.
The most persuasive supporters Of
airpower we're the Italian general
Douhet, and the American general,
Billy Mitchell. Douhet wrote that wars
could be won through lavish use of
the air-arm alone by terrorizing whole
nations and forcing swift internal COL
lapse at home. The tragic case of
Mitchell is well known in this country
he was denoted and finally forced
out of the army by superior officers
who thought his claims for the air
plane were absurd.
The believers in the superiority of
airpower to all other forms of attack
have had their chance to say 81 told
you So" since the United States
Japanese war began. When the Okla
homa went down in Pearl Harbor, it
was the first time in history that
ship of the line, in commission, had
teen sunk by an airplane Most stun
ming blow of all was the plane sinking
of the Prince of Wales. This great
NdS OIlG VI Vic very lew
fighting vessels launched by any ma
ton since the air bomber attained
real range and attacking capacity. Her
architects considered her practically
invulnerable to air attack. Yet she,
along with the Repulse, an older but
fairly modern British battleShip. were
destroyed and sent to the bottom in
matter of minutes. And aircraft
alone were employed by the japanese
in the battle which resulted in Brit
aims darkest day since Dunkirk.
Does this mean that the airplane
mas finally and for all time demon
strated its superiority to landpower
and seapower? The answer, in the view
of most authorities, Is no. Fletcher
Pratt, the American military expert,
writing in Life recently, said: None
of the major victories of this war
could have been accomplished by air
power alone. Even in Crete the air
form of a land invasion of Greece,
airpower could operate.
THE great and graphic lesson Of
this war IS this:
THE old terms-seapower, land
power, airpower-have no real and
detached meaning. The three are now
merged in what might be termed
g.obal power, with each service de-
pendent upon the other and with air
power absolutely essential to them
ALL"
In other words, landpower or sea-
power without strong air support, are
under terrible handicaps. There were.
apparently, no R. A. F. planes on hand
when the Prince of Wales went down
There were few if any American planes
in the air over Pearl Harbor when
Japan made her attack. And, to look
for a lesson on a far bigger scale,
England was losing the war and los
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1942-01-09

ing it fast until she attained air
supremacy above her isles
Japan has initiated leading German,
British and American types of air.
craft with considerable success, though
she has no gigantic ships OF the Fly
ing Fortress type (nor, for that matter,
has any other nation, so far as is
known. Japan's weakness, according
to the best available evidence. is lack
of replacement power It is said her
aircraft plants can produce only 200
to 300 military craft a month. Our pro-
duction is now many times as great
and is growing fast. An eventual
American producing capacity of 5000
or 1000 planes a month, is confidently
predicted. Equally important, we have
within cur own borders all the fuel
we need to fly them. Japan must get
her fuel, once her reserves are used
up, by conquest.
To sum up, airpower has proved
itself to be a fighting force which
must supplement and back up all
other kinds OF fighting force. The
range and load capacity of bombers
steadily increases. Fighters operate at
higher and higher attitudes, and the
increase in their fire power since the
war began, is nothing short of mirac-
ulous. America started way behind in
the battle for airpower, but she is
beginning to catch up now.
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1942-01-09
Power ON Land, Air Or Sea-
Which One Is Most Important?

One of the great military debates of
modern times has been that concern
ing the relative effectiveness of land
power, seapower and airpower. Each
of these fighting arms has had bril-
liant, convincing and even fanatical
partisans.
The master of land warfare was the
great German strategist. Clausewitz.
Writing in the days before the air
plane existed. he argued that the ma
ton with the largest concentration OF
well-equipped ground troops would be
the certain victor in war. The German
imperial army of 1914. which was I'M
questionably the finest the world had
seen up to then. was largely developed
along Clausewitz's ideas. All remem-
Der how it swept everything before 1t
and seemed an irresistible force until
American manpower came to the aid
of the faltering allies and turned the
tide of battle.
The most able advocate of seapower
was an American-Captain Mahan,
who also wrote before anyone con-
ceived of warfare in the skies. Mahan
believed that seapower would be the
deciding factor in any major war. His
writings greatly impressed Emperor
Wilhelm II and led to the naval build
ing contest between Germany and
England. The end was victory for the
British after the battle of Jutland
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1942-01-09
1871 WAS BOOM
YEAR FOR STATE
AGRICULTURISTS
GOOD CROPS AND BETTER PRICES
WELL DISTRIBUTED IN
MONTANA

Montana farmers enjoyed their best
year in more than q decade in 1941
when combination of good crops and
better prices was well distributed
throughout the farming areas, accord
ing to the United States department
of agriculture's agricultural marketing
service. Excluding sugar beets. for
which the 1941 value is not yet deter
mined, the value of IA leading crops
this year at the seasons average prices
aggregated s9O922, 900 compared with
$50 1865 900 for these same commodities
produced in 1910. Including sugar beets
and miscellaneous products, the 1941
value would be placed close to the
500 100000 mark. The year was like
wise favorable for producers of meat
animals, which together with their
products brought the total sales value
of farm and ranch products of 1871
to the highest level since the peak
year of 1927.
Wheat. Montana's leading cash crop,
had l94l final production of $685.
900 bushels valued at s59,368,OOO COM
pared with the revised estimate for
1910 of 81 ,676 900 bushels worth $751;
$50 900. The next largest and most
valuable crop was hay, whose 2.318 900
tons in 1941 were worth s15,365 900
compared with the 1910 production of
100000 tons worth S10,89O, 900. Oats
ranked third in production and value
with 14,544,OOO bushels worth $780,
900 compared with last years crop of
10574,OOO bushels worth S2.961 900.
Sugar beets produced $4,000 tons in
194l with value not yet determined,
but which will fall below that of 1910
when it was s5,772OOO for 1,166.OOO
tons. Other l94l crops in the million
dollar or more value class included
barley, worth s2,602,O 900 compared with
s1,599,000 in 1910: corn. worth 50 3l4,-
600 compared with sl656,OOO; alfalfa
seed, worth Sl,474,OOO compared with
S1684,00 flaXSeed, worth S1,332.0 900
compared with 100000, and potatoes,
worth S1,140,OO0 compared with ST.
0l2,00O.
Crops whose 1941 yields or produc-
ton exceeded both those of 1910 and
average included wheat, corn. oats,
barley, rye, flaXseed, dry beans, seed
peas, hay and mustard seed. Produc-
ton of potatoes was below both 1871
and average; while production of sugar
beets and alfalfa seed fell below the
1910 figures but were above average,
and sweet clover seed was above its
1910 figure but below average. The
1941 commercial apple crop was well
over that of 1910 but under average;
while cherry production of both sweet
and sour varieties equaled that of
1910 but fell below average.
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1942-01-09
Plan Is Considered
For Curtailing Wool
Supply to Civilians

The office of production manage
ment is considering a plan to curtail
the amount of wool available for
civilian production of dresses, suits
coats. blankets and other wooden goods
OPM Purchasing Director Douglas
c. MacKeachie said that, while it may
be necessary to make curtailment in
civilian supplies, there will be nc
shortage of WOODEN goods for the man
on the street.
There will be no shortage, he said
because a large percentage of the wool
will be used for men in the services
who therefore will not require civilian
apparel; large stocks of noils or scrap
wool are available and large stocks OF
both men and womens clothes already
have been fabricated.
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1942-01-09
Poster Lists Seven
Vital Health Foods

The first wartime poster designed to
get every American to 'eat the right
food" has been issued by the defense
health and welfare services and lists
seven foods that should be eaten daily
for good health. They are: Milk-at
least pint for everyone. more for
children-or cheese, evaporated or
dried milk; fruit-oranges, tomatoes or
grapefruit-at least one of these: vege-
tables green, leafy and yellowstone
raw, some cooked; potatoes-in addi-
ton to other vegetables: lean meat.
poultry or fish-Sometimes dried beans
or peas: eggs-at least three or four
week; bread and cereals-whole
grain products or enriched bread and
flour.
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1942-01-09

that they failed to collect in time in
sufficient force to do So
After II days more of hardship, loss
of sleep and scant rations. and plenty
of Indian signs to keep them on the
alert, they came in sight at noon on
May % of the old emigrant or over
land road to California and Oregon.
The long strain was over.
They had run the gauntlet for about
400 miles through the Grow nation
and passed through scenes of blood
shed and narrowing suffering.
The party reached Bannack on June
%, 1868, where their friends did not
at first recognize them in their ragged
garb, with unkept hair and boards.
They had ridden 1000 miles, and dur
ing the last 1900 had been without
tents or change of clothing.
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1942-01-09
HIS ERROR

HIS ERROR
Mother: Louise, your hair Is all
mussed up. Did that boy kiss you
against your will?
Louise: No, mother. positively not.
He only thinks he did.
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1942-01-09
WHY SHE RESENTED IT

WHY SHE RESENTED IL
Jim: When I don't catch the name
of the person I have been introduced
to ask her If it's spelled with an ''e"'
or an 81" It generally works.
Pete: tried that once when I was
introduced to a young lady at party.
When I asked the question about the
re" or an 81" she got very angry and
refused to speak to me for the rest Of
the evening""
Jim: What was the name?
Pete: 1 found out later it was-HW.
Evening star., 1942-08-09
Jap-He|d Airdrome
AT Canton Damaged
By j. ). Bombers
2Out Of 9 Enemy Planes
Shot Down Challenging
American Aircraft
b the Associated Press.

0N tHs ASSOClaGeu ffeSs
CHUNGKING, Aug. 8.--Ameri-
can planes inflicted extensive dam
age on White Cloud airdrome. docks
and harbor buildings and destroyed
several Japanese planes in raid
on Japanese-held Canton this
morning, 1t. Gen. Joseph w. Still
wells headquarters announced.
The fighter escorted bombers
were challenged by at least nine
Japanese fighters, but only after
they already had dropped their
bombs, said the communique. Two
enemy planes were reported shot
down and others destroyed aground.
(The Japanese claimed five
American bombers were driven
away from the Canton airport
and that two were shot down
over Samshui, 80 miles to the
west.)
The Chinese paper Ia Kung Pao
paid this tribute to the American
flyers. known here as The Sky
Dragons:
They are sowing the seeds OF
hope in the people in occupied areas
They provide stimulus for Chinese
soldiers at the front and heighter
the morale of our people behind the
firing line.
"The American government anc
people can we'll recognize the fact
that the United States Army All
Forces In China represent tn.
maximum gain for the smallest
price"
Chinese troops continued theil
comeback campaign in Kiangs
province. Linchwan (Fuchow) wa!
still being besiezed and the Japanes,
were being cleared out of the regior
OF Huwan, southeast of Linchwan
the Chinese high command said
ineffective Japanese attacks from
base at Kwangfeng, a station OF
the Chekiang- g-Kiangsi Railway, wer.
reported.
Evening star., 1942-08-09
been the target Of both Army and
Navy bombers.

been the target Of both Army and
Navy bombers.
The disclosure by . Navy spokes-
man that surface craft took part in
the latest raid suggested that ono
or more cruisers might have been
used, since they possess heavier and
longer range guns than destroyers.
Kiska also has been the scene Of
successful hunting by American sub
marines. In one foray. on July I,
three Japanese destroyers were tor
pedoed. with two sunk and one set
afire. Transports at anchor In the
harbor also have been bombed by
aviation.
The Navy recently estimated that
about 10000 Japanese were in the
Aleutians--on Kiska and at Attu
and Agattu. at the western end Of
the Aleutian chain. They landed
at various times since the enemy
made his first appearance in the
Alaska area with the bombing OF
the naval station at Dutch Harbor
June 1.
As for the solomons. the Navy
Department said 1t did not know
Immediately which OF the islands
in the 600-mile archipelago were
under attack. The Japanese seized
locations In the Solomons and the
neighboring Louisiade group in
July after Allied reconnaissance had
reported, at the time of the Coral
Sea battle in April, that the Japa-
nese transports and supporting
forces were in the area.
In the southeast part Of the Solo
mons are San Cristobal, largest In
the group. and Florida. with the
only worthwhile harbor.
Evening star., 1942-08-09
Escaped Prisoner Tells of Hong Kong Camp

1t was kept clean. It was some
thing to do.
Twas assigned to q small room in
q part Of the barracks. It was 10
by IL feet. There were seven Of us
in the room. We slept on the floor
and arranged ourselves so our heads
were alternately at the next mans
feet.
This was the way the day went
with me:
I would usually wake up when 1t
got light. This would be about
$50 or 7. Sometimes I would try
to 60 to sleep again. because I knew
1t was the best thing to do. But I
never could.
So I would get up. We had
nothing to shave with or no soap,
but we would get pals of water and
try to make ourselves clean. Then we
would scrub the floor Of our sleep
ing space. We would use bits of
rags and plain water, but we would
try to get it as clean as possible.
We would make this last until
about 8 o'clock and then we would
go out to join the lineup for the
bowl Of rice. We had things Or
ganized after few days so that
each outfit, naval. military, volun-
teers and other units would pre-
pare the rice and dish it out to
their own men. This saved time
and you did not have to stand in
line for 50 long.
One Bowl Of Rice Daily.
We had 1t down in our mess 50
that we only had to stand in line
for about half an hour. When you
got your bowl you could take it
anywhere you liked and eat It,.
Usually, If it wasn't too cold, I
would sit down on the ground cut
side and eat mine.
I always took my time about eat
ing my bowl because I knew that
would not get anything else to eat
until the next bowl the next morn
ing. So I would chew it we'll and
try to get all I could out of it.
1t was always cooked too much or
not enough and it always tasted
terrible, but I ate every bit Of it.
There were usually 16 tablespoons
Of rice in the bowl. Sometimes
there might be little less or a lit
tie more, but it was usually 16.
1t was cooked without salt or
seasoning, so that 1t always had
the same fiat taste and it was
senseless to try to close your eyes
and think it was something else.
That meal at $50 was the first
and the last Of the day. 1t was all
we ever got to eat for "a hours.
(Copyrieht, 1912, by Field Publications }
Evening star., 1942-08-09
Bids
Continued From First Page.)

acted for himself and as an agent
of Paul w. Crawford.
P. j. Mcbride and George B. Nc
Clennen, Philadelphia, trading as
Delta Equipment Co.; alleged to
have obtained stationery OF COM
petitors for use in preparing false
bids for machinery.
Russell Keely and F. Oliver Keely.
Manayunk, Pa, trading as S. S.
Keely IL Sons; alleged to have de-
livered to S. w. Roberts letterheads
for use in preparing false bids for
lumber, with the result that Roberts
company received contracts as low
bidder.
Frank L. OBrien and Clarence J.
o'Brien. trading as the O'Brien
Machinery Co.; William =. Cattle,
trading as Cattle Tool Co., and w. B
Rapp, all Of Philadelphia: alleged to
have co-operated in the preparation
and submission Of fraudulent bids
on machinery.
r. r. Devices, agent for Westins-
house; alleged to have acted with
the knowledge Of Rohleder In secur-
ing stationery Of Walker Brothers
and the Adelphia Electric Co. from
Anthony M. Callahan and Norman
T. Leithold, officials OF those COM
panies.
Evening star., 1942-08-09
and shore establishments at Kiska.
IS. No additional information Is

and shore establishments at Kiska.
IS. No additional information Is
available at present"
The reference to "other forces
taking part in the Solomons attack
was not explained, although 1t pos
sibly meant that Army aircraft,
and possibly Australian forces, were
Joining in an effort to dislodge the
japanese from footholds In the stra-
tegic islands, which lie only about
500 miles east of Port Moresby on
New Guinea and approximately 1000
miles northeast Of the Australian
Coast.
In recent days, the Japanese have
been boasting that their hold op
the Solomons, British protector
ate, has been extended 50 greatly
that Australia is isolated" While
naval men had laughed at such
boasts as extravagant, they have
watched the progress Of the enemy
with some concern.
Hence, 1t was believed, counter
stroke was agreed on. In attempt to
set the Japanese back on their heels
as they were In the Coral Sea and
at Midway.
May Have Used Cruisers.
The operation at Kiska was the
first known use of United States
surface craft against the Japanese
in the Aleutians. Kiska, where the
Japanese apparently have made
Evening star., 1942-08-09
Eight More Decorated
For Marb|ehead Heroism
BY the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
NEW YORK, Aug. 8.--Two officers
and six petty officers received Navy
Crosses today for courageous deeds
following the February 10 attack on
the Cruiser Marblehead in the Java
Sea.
The Marblehead, severely bombed,
reached an East Coast port some
weeks ago after hazardous IL ,0OO-
mile voyage from the Far East.
The crosses were presented by
Rear Admiral Edward J. Marquart.
commandant of the Third Naval
District, to the following:
1t. Comdr. Martin j. Drury, 40,
Jamestown, r. l.; 1t. Harvey M.
Andersen, Al, Chicago; Warrant
Off1cer Herman E. Hook, 81, Long
Beach, Calf; Hale T. McCulley, IS,
chief shipfitter, st. Louis, Mo-; Mar
tin Moran, rs, metalsmith, Man.
chester, N. H.; Dale l.. johnson
machinists' mate, Thief River Falls,
Mimi; Lester J. Barre, %, quarter
master, Orange, Tex, and Frederic
H. Ritter, chief electricians mate
Normal, Iowa.
Evening star., 1942-08-09

their most serious attempt to es-
tablish themselves, previously has
Evening star., 1942-08-09

War bonds are the best buy on
the market today.
Evening star., 1942-08-09
More Details Awaited.

More Details Awaited.
The Navy's brief communique was
sparse in details, although more was
expected later. It said:
North and South Pacific areas.
IL. United States naval and other
forces have attacked enemy installa-
tions in the southeast part of the
Solomon Islands in force and the
attacks are continuing.
''2 simultaneously, United States
naval forces bombarded enemy ships
Evening star., 1942-08-09
Pacific
Continued From First Page

Continued From First Page)
was attempting to get the Jump on
the Japanese, who have been gath
ering forces in the Solomons and
New Guinea recently, possibly in
preparation for drive on Australia
or an all-out attempt to cut the
supply lines running from the United
States to the down con-
tinent.
Evening star., 1942-08-09

A War bend is q vote for victory.
Vote early and often at the nearest
post office; in this election ballot
box stuffinE is legal.
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1942-09-04
Vic Overcast Heads
Republican Group

Vic Overcast W 9 reelected
chairman of the Glacier county
republican central committee at
u meeting at Cut Bank recently.
Others named included Joe Oien,
vice chairman; j. l.. Sherburne,
state committeeman and Mrs. G..
F.. Frisbee. state committeewo-
man; George jennings, congress
.ional committeeman and Mrs.
Geraldine Smith, congressional
committeewoman, an d Frank
ChattertCn, secretary treasurer.
At the recent state convention
at Billings republican leaders re.
siding in Glacier county who at
tended included }. l.. Sherburne
of Browning and Mrs. c. E. FRS
bee and Dan MILESTONE of Cut
Bank, Mr.. MILESTONE is nation
al committeeman.
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1942-09-04
Heart Butte Boy
Takes Finance Training

Fort Benjamin Harrison. Ind.
August 26-Private Hlrold M.
Brown. of Heart Butte, Mont.
arrived at the Finance Replace
ment Training Center here re-
Gently to learn finance owe
again-the army way. He will
be sent into the classroom to
learn army pay methods upon
completion of an intensive field
training program.
Private Brown is the son Of
Mr.. and Mrs James Brown, CT
Heart Butte, Mont. Prior to his
enlistment a t Spokane, Wash,
August 5, he was chief clerk for
two sub-contractors on the Walla
WalIa Air Base project in Wash
ingt0n state.
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1942-09-04
$101 $50 Returns Go To Cattle Growers
New Telephone
System Serving
Agency, Town

With completion of the Agency
telephone system transfer, j n
which that and t h e Browning
Telephone Company system will
be operated as one system, COM
munication began this week.
The Agency system was aban-
doned last Friday evening. The
project had been under way since
the fore part of July and re-
quired considerable work, much
of which was of tedious character
In the Agency residential dis
trict it became necessary to re-
group telephones. In the for
mer CCC barracks, which has
been occupied by Indian EXten.
sion Service, Forest Service and
the administrative office of the
Cut Bank Boarding School, teIe-
phone installations were neces-
sary.
With no new equipment per-
mitted, under federal orders of
wartime. the task of moIding one
efficient telephone system out of
two, required greater effort than
had new equipment been used.
Laboriousness included that of
taking down one line. moving it
to other points, where exchanges
in lines were made. 1t was
mans size b, said Randolph
Manuel. manager of the Brown
ing Telephone Company, the re.
suit justify;ng the efforts.
The project involved consider.
able trouble shooting, in the
verhacular of tn ose engaged
with telephony. Adding to this
was damage done bv lightning
during the summer. The most
serious damage in 20 years was
suffered by outlying lines. Fiji
teen telephone poles on the line
b.tween the Starr School and the
Cut Bank Chalets in one of the
electrical storms were cracked.
The Browning Telephone Com
pany systems switchboard now
handles approximately 200 tele-
phones. A final contribution to.
wards efficient service to h e
public will be a new directory,
which will be issued by the COM
pany this month.
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1942-09-04
Frank MILESTONE Elected
Vice President of Group

Frank Milestone of the Cut
Bank Pioneer-Press was elected
one of two vice presidents of the
Montana Press Association. the
other elected being w. F. Finn
of Miles City. the meeting being
held at Butte August %.
MILESTONE has been an indeea-
tiyable worker on behalf of the
newspaper fraternity in pas IT
years, having served az second
and third vice president.