davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Imperial Valley press., 1942-10-07
BRITAIN'S CHANCES IN
THE POSTWAR WORLD

1t is doubtful that Willkie was think
ing of the British empire when he made
his statement on the twilight of colonial
empires. The British position in that
respect is so different from any other
that a generalized statement cannot ap-
ply.
England, as such, long since ceased to
be headquarters of colonial empire IN
the old tradition 1t is, instead, the
counting house for commonwealth OF
nations. India remains the last major
British colony, and its day as colony IS
rapidly approaching a close.
The day may be near when it will not
be dramatically proper to refer to Great
Britain as a colonial empire, but there
can be little question that the nations
which originally made up that empire will
survive many more generations before
they cease to regard themselves as mem
bers of distinct family of nations known
as the British commonwealth.
1t seems unlikely that there will be
any sudden death for the British empire.
1t is more likely that there will be
gradual transition, as industrial produc-
tiveness and economic power swing to
the former colonies and away from the
mother country.
Imperial Valley press., 1942-10-07
ADVERTISING CUTS
THE PRICE TO YOU

The astute business man does not con-
slider advertising an expense; he considers
it an investment. There is good reason.
Expenses determine the cost of an ar
ticle The more it costs to put it out, the
more is charged for it. Advertising ac-
tually lowers the cost of an article by
allowing its production in greater guam
tity, with greater efficiency.
Few of us are millionaires, and none
but millionaires could afford an automo-
bile if every auto were manufactured by
hand, without assembly line methods.
Advertising made assembly line meth
DDS possible. because advertising created
a greater demand for automobiles, as
sured a market, and drove experts to
find new ways toward cheaper, but bet
ter. production.
The blunt fact is that your life would
still be geared to 100 modes of transpor
tation, comfort, communication and pleas
ure if it were not for advertising.
As a toll Of healthy competition, ad-
vertising is kith and kin of the free press
in preserving the democratic way of life
for Americans, and eventually for all
peoples.
Advertising is a mighty giant-but it
is YOUR slave
Imperial Valley press., 1942-10-07
a GIANT WORKS
FOR THE PEOPLE
"A Newspaper Week EditOriaD

All of us look at the ads in the paper
more or less regularly; few of us ever
consider the real significance of those
ads to ourselves.
Not Just whether we want the articles
advertised. The real significance goes
lot farther than that-a lot farther than
any individual advertisement could go.
Actually, those ads represent an in
duStry which laid the foundation stones
of our everyday lives, and continues to
erect the structure bigger, better and
stronger.
Mostly, when we look at an ad, if we
pause to consider its purpose at all we
think merely that somebody is trying to
sell us something Even the chap who
put the ad in the paper probably did not
go much farther than that IN his
thoughts 1t is likely that he simply tried
to think of the best way to tell you about
the things he has that you might need.
Actually, the story goes lot deeper
than that
In the first place, those ads make it
possible for you to have your newspaper
for price which hardly pays the pub
lisher's white paper bill, much less all
the thousand and one items of office
overhead and the cost of news gather
ing Your newspaper is bigger or smaller,
containing more news or less according
to the size and number of the ads
But, far above and beyond that, the
ads represent the foundation of American
industry They are the very keystone of
your standard of living - a standard
which no other country in the world
equals today or ever has equaled. 1t is
ads such as those which have made mass
production possible, because they provide
for mass distribution.
Let's follow the cycle of reasoning for
a moment.
If it were not for mass production,
hundred items such as automobiles and
refrigerators could not be produced for
less than the ransom of a millionaire.
Without mass production, these items
could not possibly be in the homes of per-
sons of average income. Without mass
distribution, mass production would be
impossible. Without advertising to tell
the story of the goods that are available,
there would be no mass distribution.
There you have it.
Imperial Valley press., 1942-10-07
Bombs Rain Down
On z jap Bases

today while Australian troops con-
tinued their unopposed march
through the owen Stanley noun
tains of New Guinea, $50 miles to
the west.
The bombers heavily attacked
the airdrome and installations on
Euka island, nOrthernmost of the
SolCmOns. In down raid they
ShoWered demolition and incen-
diary bombs which hit runWayS,
plane dispersal areas, buildings and
anti-aircraft batteries. Fires and
explosions burst in the target area
as the planes left.
TWO VITAL BASES
Another bomber force made
night raid on the androme at BUN,
in BougainVille island just below
Buka. Darkness prevented obser-
vation of results.
Both Buna and BUN are in
creasing in Importance as Japanese
bases because of the United States
Marine invasion of the southern
Solomons and the present Austria
liam drive in New Guinea.
At both places the japanese have
built airdrome landing strips about
so yards wide and 900 yards land.
Lockheed Hudson medium bomb
erS made the first attack in many
days in the northwestern Austria
lian zone. They flew 675 miles
northward of Darwin, the allied
north coast base, to attack Jap
anese all tanks at Boela, on the
northeast coast OF Ceram island in
the MOluccaS.
Evening star., 1942-02-12

creases not out Of line with the
general wage trend, which are
needed for the maintenance of a
good standard of living, are bound
to have a good effect on civilian
morale"
The dissenting opinion, which was
written by Mr.. Hawkes., said the
minority felt that such an abrupt
and important change taken in one
step will unfavorably affect the
economic structure of business in
the South"
The company announced in Pitts
burgh it accepted the boards ruling
under protest." declaring the COM
pany paid good wages regardless Of
the location of its plants and there
was mo justification whatever" for
narrowing the North-South differ
entail.
Opinion Criticized.
M. M. Anderson, personnel man
ager of the company, said that in
the company's opinion the decision
was not based on the facts, and
added:
The company's brief presented to
the board at the hearing on January
% shows conclusively that the pres
ent differential between earnings OF
its employees in its two Southern
plants at Alcoa, Tenn, and Badin
N. c., and the earnings of its en-
ployeS in the three Northern plants
involved is fully justified The ma
jority opinion of the board is based
on a report of Prof. Paul Hays OF
Columbia University and the New
York State Mediation Board. who
was appointed by board Chairman
w. H. Davis as an investigator.
Prof. Hays report is not report
of facts disclosed by his investi-
CATION. instead, it is thesis, in
terpreting personal social-eco-
nomic philosophy.
Federal Survey Cited.
Mr.. Anderson said the company
had called the boards attention to
a United States Labor Department
survey of los industries throughout
the country which showed a differ
entail of 21.3 cents per hour, where
as the differentials between the
Southern and Northern plans of the
Aluminium Co. is only II cents an
hour"
"The survey" he added. Shows
that the average earnings in the
South are 47.8 cents per hour, as
compared with the rs cents per
hour in the two Aluminium Co
Southern plants. The aver
age earnings of the Northern plants
in the survey of los universities was
SO cents per hour, whereas the aver
age earnings at the Aluminium Co. s
three Northern plants were 90 cents
per hour"
Evening star., 1942-02-12
Indies
Continued From First Page,

row water from the Citadel Islands
of Sumatra and Java themselves.
Thus, swiftly and violently the
Japanese have put the Indies in
the front line and in such danger
that it becomes a question whether
the United Nations will be able to
hold the archipelago.
The Dutch are prepared for a
last-ditch stand in their central
possessions. AS in Singapore, how
ever, it may be a question again of
valiant defense with inadequate
strength in men and machines
against strong and well-equipped
enemy.
1t is a question of race against
time to get men and materials here
in enormous numbers to smash the
Japanese supply lines and then
throw the invaders out of their
newly won bases. 1t is a colossal
job.
The increasing Japanese air ac-
tivity over Java has illustrated the
sore need Of the Dutch, especially
for air defenses-more and faster
fighters and also anti-aircraft guns
With the fall of Singapore elm
| mating the last United Nations de-
fense across the narrow Strait OF
Malacca from Sumatra, the pattern
Of enemy operations indicates that
the bigger prize, Java, is next on
Tokio's list for conquest.
The Japanese have reached the
Java Sea on Borneo and Celebe.
and now, apparently, are trying tt
make the most Of their costly pene
Evening star., 1942-02-12
British Forces Battle
To Halt Jap Drive
Across SaIween
Enemy Is Attempting
To Effect Crossing
Upstreum at Poon
BY the Associated Press.

BY the ASSOCIATED Press.
RANGOON, Burma, Feb. H.
Imperiled British forces battled
today to stem a Japanese drive
across the Salween River, by
which the invaders have hurdled
the greatest barrier between
them and Rangoon, sea gate Of
the Burma road and pathway to
India.
Some qualified observers expressed
belief that the Japanese might at
tempt to exploit their crossing of the
Salween as their next major offen-
sive.
After having held them at Moul-
mein, on the east bank of the river
at its broad, treacherous mouth on
the Gulf of Martaban, the British
acknowledged that strong enemy
forces had achieved a crossing and
that the city of Martaban presuma-
bly, was in enemy hands.
"a Japanese communique said
Martaban had been entered and
completely occupied after British
resistance had been overcome.)
The plight of the British defend
ers was evident from the communi-
que last night locating the crossings
although 1t seid the japanese had
suffered heavily in the hills east
and west of Martaban.
Defender Endanrered.
British troops defending the rail-
road which curves north and west
ward around the gulf head toward
this vital port were endangered be-
tween Marteban and much bombed
Thaton, the first railroad station to
the north. Martaban is 80 miles by
air from Rangoon across the gulf
and l40 miles by rail around it.
The Japanese also were attempt
ing to cross the Selween upstream
at Paan, on the east bank. The
communique conceded that the sit
uation there was critical, although
the British had counterattacked and
their positions we're believed still
to be intact.
Gurkha and Rajput fighters were
reported stubbornly holding forward
positions despite enemy infiltrations
around their flanks west of the Sal
ween and at some points these Brit
Evening star., 1942-02-12

tration of the Macassar Strait be-
tween those islands.
One cheering report was the an
nouncement that three Japanese
cruisers, a destroyer and a Subma-
rine were sunk in the first weeks
fighting off Amboina Island instead
of one cruiser as reported earlier.
This was announced by the nava
command in Batavia on the basis
of later evidence of hits and sink
ings which he regards now as con-
elusive
Enemy air activity over Batavia
both yesterday and Tuesday was
restricted to scouting, but this city
the biggest in the Indies. is COM
pleting its afraid precautions
rapidly.
(Reuters reported from Bata-
via that aircAft of the United
Nations shot d0wn four Japanese
planes over the Java Sea.
aerial attacks by moonlight
also we're made on japanese
aircraft carrier in the Gulf OF
Bone near. the Celebes Islands,
Reuters Said)
The largest downtown stores have
huge shelters which can hold both
their customers and their staffs and
great amounts of fire-fighting ma
terial have been distributed.
Evening star., 1942-02-12

sh Indians were said to have at.

ish Indians were said to have at
tackled.
Against the Japanese abundance
Of small boats for the crossing above
and below Martaban. the British
were hampered by q lack Of roads
for swift maneuvering and the ne
cessity Of protecting the one road
way northward to avoid being
trapped between those two forces.
Yet, concealed British machine
gunners were said to have made the
enemy pay dearly to force the mar
row pass through the hilly jungle
east OF Martaban and land in
strength on the gulf side to the
west.
Both sides brought strong air
forces into play to smash behind the
lines. the British hammering at both
Paan and Moulmein and the jap
anese at defense positions in the
river area.
Evening star., 1942-02-12

Our near brethren who are swarm
ing In the seat Of hostilities, return
promptly to your farms and harvest
your crops and sugar cane.
Nov you cannot get supplies or
commodities from the overseas coun-
tries. You must get your food with
your own hands. While you are
hiding In the mountains to escape
the tumults Of war, the crops will rot
up and the Seeding Of sugar cane
for the next year will be lost. If
you leave them as they are you must
die from starvation on the roads.
Urged Not 10 Flee.
"The Japanese forces never harm
any Filipino who is diligent in his
occupation. Don't fee into the
mountains, being misled by the
absurd propaganda of the United
States Of America. The tumults of
war have already gone far away.
Peace will be brought about solely
by the consciousness and determifa-
ton of the Filipinos.. Secure food
supplies promptly by sweat of your
brow.
Dear brethren. return to your
farms and begin at once your
harvest. Starvation or prosperity
will be determined by your efforts
today or tomorrow.
The intense preparations for re-
newal Of an assault on Gen. Mac
Arthur's TANKS and center came on
the 40th day of the battle of Bataan
Since January 3 when Gen. Mac
Arthur's northern and southern
armies met in Northern Bataan to
consolidate a new line of defense
the battle has ragged intermittently
with at least half a dozen de-
termined assaults to dislodge the
defenders.
No mention was made today of
artillery duelling between the forts
guarding Manila Bay and the jap
anese batteries on the shore of
Cavite. Corregidor's heavy guns
were ready to protect Gen. Mac
Arthurs southern fronts from any
invasion attempt across the bay.
Evening star., 1942-02-12
f,462 kazis Victims.
OF GuerriIIas Last
Month, Soviets Say
Continued Advance by
Red Army Reported;
More Places Token
By the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
MOSCOW, Feb. 12.-Guerrilla
contributions to Soviet Russia's win
ter offensive were cited anew here
today with declaration that irreg-
ulars striking in the Leningrad zone
alone had annihilated at least ! .462
German soldiers during January.
Soviet patriots blew up eight mu-
milton dumps and several railway
trains In the rear of the enemy q
communique said.
OF fighting yesterday on the long
front from the blizzard ridden battle
zone of Leningrad to entertainments
about Sevastopol, the Soviet Infor-
nation Bureau said:
Our troops, overcoming enemy
resistance, continued to advance and
occupied a number of populated
places"
Twelve German planes were said
to have been destroyed in combat
Tuesday. The Russians acknowl-
edged loss of eight.
Today's midday comm0nique
added small detail to the general
picture.
1t reported only the capture OF
several dozen soldiers and officers
in the seizure of transport column
of 400 carts of military supplies in
one sector, the capture of villages
IN" and Voinovo and killing of II
Firms in patrol encounter.
The gravity of the behind-the-
lines threat was emphasized in
Berlin report relayed by way Of
Bern, Switzerland.
Resistance of the Russian popu-
lace in German-occupied territory
is such that it could not be over
looked by ANY army in the world
without endangering its own secu-
rity," the German foreign Office was
quoted.
The statement was issued to an
swer a Moscow radio charge that II
Russians were executed recently
because they complained to Ger
man authorities" The Berlin re-
port said fighting behind German
positions was strong and that no
one was sentenced to death for
| merely complaining
Evening star., 1942-02-12
Philippines
Continued From First Page.)

portance of this occupation as q
strategic point was doubted, al
though. 1t was reported that it has
one Of the best airports in the is
lands. Commercially 1t has not been
developed extensively.
The communique said also that
new apprehension beset the Japa.
nese as 1t. Gen. Masaharu Homms
faced IAN alarming" shortage OF
food. He was compelled to plead
with farmers in the occupied zones
to attend their farms and crops.
Filipino farmers who were evicted
from their homes by Japanese in
vaders have crowded into Manila
or have hidden in the mountains
to escape harsh treatment at the
hands of the Japanese soldiers, the
communique stated. "As a result
there is a great scarcity Of laborers
to tend the crops and food supplies
are becoming scarce" it added.
Filipinos Are Warned.
Alarmed at this food shortage
which would have material effect
on supplying the 00,000 or more
japanese soldiers occupying Luzon,
Gen. Homma warned the Filipinos
they cannot expect to get supplies
from the overseas countries. Ad-
dressing them as dear brethren, ~
he urged them not to be misled by
American propaganda, declaring
that peace will be brought about
solely by the determination of the
Filipinos.
His message to the farmers. who
apparently have been unwilling to
cooperate with the Japanese. in fur
nishing needed food supplies, was
quoted in the communique as fol-
lows:
Return promptly to your farms
Evening star., 1942-02-12
London
Continued From First Page.)

given corresponds to 10:30 am,
Eastern war time, yesterday
This report on the position of
battle showed that the line ran south
ward from the naval base, the north
ernmost bulge of the island. to the
south shore village of Pasir Panjang,
which is about miles west of the
edge of Singapore. The defenders
were on the east side of this north
south line.
1t was possible that the Japanese
already had taken over the main
source of Singapore's water supply,
Artillery Still Active.
The Singapore garrison was still
able to deliver counter-blows with
its artillery, but the japanese were
lunging at the British line with tanks
which they had ferried through q
hellf1re of British bombardment
Whether the British themselves were
using tanks, an informed commen-
tator here would not say.
There was no optimism in London
so far as chances of a long defense
was concerned.
Airfields on Singapore were useless
to both sides, a London COM
mentator pointed out. since any part
of the 14-by-26-mile island was
within artillery range of either side.
But, using more distant bases, jap
anese divebombers and high-level
bombers were in incessant action
over the island.
Japs Driven Back.
Fierce counterattacks last night by
British imperial infantrymen, sup
ported by a powerful artillery bar
rage, had driven the japanese back
at several points north of the city
but not for long. 4
London was grimly prepared to
hear at any hour that the Gross
of st. George no longer f1uttereo
over the island, long regarded al
an impregnable outpost of the far.
flung British Empire.
A communique issued by 1t. Gen
! A. E. Percival, commander OF the
Singapore garrison, at $50 pm. yes
terday, Singapore time $3.50 am
E. w. T. Wednesday, acknowledged
that his men were being driven
slowly back on the western side OF
the island.
Little to Raise Hope.
Gen. PercivaTs communique. dis
closing that he had ignored Japa-
nese demand for surrender, was &C
cepted here as evidence of his de-
termination to fight on to the bitter
end, but there was little in the terse
bulletin to raise hopes that he might
be able to hold out for long.
1t said:
"The enemy drive from the west
has been directed on Singapore city
and has been pressed with vigor dur
ing the night. In addition there has
been some infiltration today.
The enemy's advance has beer
assisted by tanks and considerable
bomber and fighter support and oul
troops covering the west sector have
been forced farther back.
| lnlS HlOTLaIlS d odPdliCoc iooo
dropped by air and addressed II
the high commander, asked for thu
unconditional surrender of th'
entire forces in Malaga. No reply
has been made to this note.
I'm the western and northwestern
sector. bitter fighting continues; II
the east of the island enemy activ'
\ ity has been slight"
Evening star., 1942-02-12
AIcou
Continued From First Page.


lead toward solving this complicated
problem of wage economics, no
wage progress can be made, and 1t Is
the opinion of a majority OF the
board that it is reasonable in the
light of all the circumstances
brought out in this case to expect
of the Aluminium Co: of America
that it pay wages somewhat higher
than the prevailing wages OF the AL
Goa and Badin districts"
Taking up the company conten-
ton that ability to pay should not
be considered, the majority said that
'the writings of the authorities are
decidedly to the contrary.
1t is generally recognized in the
field of wage economics that ability
to pay is not criterion in a case
In which an employer seeks to pay
less than the so-called American
wage of health, and decency because
of the claim that he will have to
go out of business if he is required
to pay such a wage. 1t is generally
recognized that in such situation,
no wage tribunal. at least, should
Ak a wage below the level OF health
and decency in order to keep such
a submarginal agency in operation y
On the other hand, however, the
majority said, company's favor
able financial condition should be
taken into account, since little
progress would be made in the field
of wage collective bargaining II the
doors of negotiation were closed to
the employees whenever they sought
to bargain for larger share of the
company's profits"
Warning on Wage Increases.
While warning against expecting
wage increases commensurate with
the steadily advancing cost Of liv-
ing, the majority said ut is not
in the interest of our war program
to take any steps which will lower
unreasonabfy our standards OF liv-
ing" : ..-
1t added: This board should not
be source of large financial profits
for any American, the employer,
farmer, professional man or worker.
However" Mr.. Morse's opinion
continued, reasonable wage in
Evening star., 1942-02-12

characterized all his operations"
Crack Japanese divisions, vet
erans of the war In China, have
taken and are taking a hammering
that will have considerable influence
on the future course of the war"
the broadcast said. when the time
comes to write the history of this
Second World War, one Of the gold
en- pages will be the defense Of
Singapore"
Evening star., 1942-02-12
About 10000 Affected
By AIcoo Woqe Ruling

KNOXVILLE, Tenn, Feb. II P).-
The National War Labor Boards
approval of a wage increase for
Aluminium Co. of America workers
will affect between 5000 and 10000
men at the huge plant at nearby
Alcoa and about 1000 men at the
Baden IN. c. plant, Jack Wetmore,
union official, said today.
Mr.. Wetmore, secretary treasurer
of the c. I. O. affiliate, predicted
the workers would accept the award
when they vote Saturday night. The
wage boost, he added, would increase
weekly payrolls almost $28,e00.
Evening star., 1942-02-12
Workers Give Extra Poy
To Buy Gifts for Army

Employees of the Bendix Aviation
Corp. plants in Baltimore, today
presented to Signal Corps officials
IL compasses purchased out of over
time pay New Year Day.
James Bagwell, president of the
Aircraft Radio Association, repre-
sented the thousands Of workers in
the two plants as he gave the COM
passes to Maj. Gen. Dawson Ohm
stead, chief signal officer of the
Army. shortly before noon today at
the Munitions Building.
Evening star., 1942-02-12
Jops FonotieoIIy Ignore
Losses at Singapore

BATAVIA, Netherlands Indies,
Feb. IL (R.-A Singapore broadcast
heard here today said "the enemy is
pushing his attack with the same
fanatical disregard for losses as has
Henderson daily dispatch., 1942-02-12
PLEADS GUILTY..

Wiley Faulkner pleaded guilty NJ
city court today before Mayor Henry
!. Powell t. a charge Of being drums,
and Nas taaed With tAe cost.