davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1942-06-21
Czech Green Guards
Elude Nuzi Gestupo

During the first World War the vast
krivoklat Forests, beginning 80 miles
rom Prague and lying adjacent to the
mining and industrial districts of Kladno
and Plzen. the latter region containing
the huge Skoda works, afforded a hiding
place for many Czech deserters from
the Austrian Army who refused to fight
against the Allies. The bands of these
deSerters became very numerous in 1918.
Tl1ey were named the Green Guards.
Today the Krivoklat Forests again pro-
vide refuge for large number OF
Czech patriots. But there Is great diff
ference between the Green Guards of
1918 and those of 1912. The deserters of
1918 were noted for their passive resist
ance against the Germans; the refugees
of 1912, on the contrary, are their active
opponents.
The densely wooded areas of Krivoklat
are furnishing a place of safety to hun
dreds Of saboteurs from the mines and
the iron and steel plants of Kladno, to
organizers of passive resistance, and
leaders of strikers. After a recent clash
which occurred between Czech miners,
who were found to be in possession Of
dynamite, and the Nazi police, the Ger
mans undertook to drive the refugees
from this territory; but the fugitives,
having full support of the population,
successfully eluded the members of the
Gestapo sent to aprennend them.
This clash between the military police
and the Czech saboteurs in Kladno on
April 80 has been admitted by the Ger
man-controlled papers. The official ver-
sion states that two Czechs were prepar-
ing to engage in sabotage with explo-
s,ves and that, when detected, they fired
at the gendarmes and police, killing a
police sergeant.
Green Guards have also appeared in
the forest of Moravia and in the Tatra
Mountains in Slovakia, where the NaZis
and Slovak Quislings call them Jewish
ieserters.
Evening star., 1942-06-21

front where British and Germans have
see-sawed back and forth over an al
most unendurably desolate, sparsely in
habited country for year.
So tenuous have been both lines most
of the time that it is difficult to assess
the value of various re-
Tobruk ported retreats and ad-
Cur orr vances. But now Ger
many's highly competent
desert fighter, Gen. Erwin Rommel, with
reinforcements of men and arms and
food has cut off land approaches to the
seaport of Tobruk, the British source
of supplies from home. The main force
of British has withdrawn to strong
positions on the Egyptian border To-
bruk's garrison was fighting grimly.
Rommel was bringing up big German
siege guns, the largest ever used in des-
ert fighting, in an attempt to demolish
the town.
A defeat might we'll prove one of the
more serious of the war-worse for the
British, than Burma or Singapore. In
London it was freely predicted that the
untoward turn of the African campaign
might force an abandonment of an Eu-
ropean invasion this summer.
For just beyond Libya lies Egypt and
beyond Egypt, Suez and Mesopotamia
and oil and possible liaison with the
japanese. If Rommel wins this prize
Allied victory may be long delayed.
Early in the week part of large Brit
ish convoy of supply ships reached
Tobruk and Malta with supplies vital
to the besieged forces.
This convoy was pushed through the
Mediterranean in the face of desperate
odds. Losses. admittedly.
Sea we're heavy. Enemy claims
Bottle to have sunk cruisers and
to have crippled battleships
and an aircraft carrier were branded by
the British as fantastic" They claimed.
instead, to have sunk at least one Italian
cruiser and never to have lost control
of the air over the Mediterranean.
Evening star., 1942-06-21

to Great Britain and to American
armed forces overseas.
Upward of three-fourths of the hogs
are hauled to market on tires. Because
of that, railroads have enough livestock
freight cars to handle only small part
of normal crop. Mr.. Wickard and his
aides are worrying about the problem
Of moving a prospective bumper hog
crop this fall and winter.
There are other Ifs" which may affect
food supplies. One is the acute
shortage of tin for canning. Another is
shortage of critical materials for build
ing dehydration plants for dairy prod
ucts, vegetables and fruits. There Is also
some question as to whether the meat
packing plants have sufficient facilities
to process the prospective hog crop.
There also is a shortage of crushing ia
cilities for the prospective big soybean
crop in the major area of production in
the Midwest.
Mr.. Wickard, as the Nations food boss,
will have authority to make many de-
cisions and recommendations to the
WPB affecting transportation and proc
essing.
For example, he may soon come face
to face with the question of whether to
ask the war agencies for larger alloca-
ton OF trucks and tires for farm use.
Also, he may soon have to decide whether
to ask for larger alloca ton of steel and
other critical materials for food process
ing equipment.
Arms Must Come First.
He may also order professors to stop
the manufacture of some foods and con-
vert their plants to the manufacture of
other products. Should processing IA
cilities and labor run short he could re-
quire the elimination of luxury items.
Obviously, his decisions must be designed
to provide the largest quantity of nu-
tritious foods with the least possible out
lay of labor and materials.
Mr.. Wickard's decisions may spell the
difference between eventual civilian ra-
tioning of some foods and unrestricted
supplies.
The Secretary has said that if the di-
version of rubber or other critical ma
terials to food production would deprive
the Allied fighting forces of needed
equipment, he would not ask for such
diversion. In other words, he would pre-
fer to run the risk of civilian rationing
rather than contribute to shortage of
airplanes, tanks and guns
1t is Mr.. Wickard's duty to plan more
than a year ahead. In making future
plans, he must take into consideration
the probability that American agricul-
tural output next year may be smaller
than this year, because of increasing
shortages Of labor, machinery, fertilizers
and other equipment. Past experience
shows that farm production usually de-
clines with each year of war.
His Food Committee might decide after
this years harvest is in that it is ad-
visable to limit civilian consumption OF
some products so as to hold over larger
than normal reserves for short crop in
1g43.
The committee must also weigh de-
velopments on the fighting fronts. Should
the war take turn for the worse the
committee might find it advisable to
conserve supplies to the utmost, whereas
should the conflict look more favorable
for the United Nations the committee
Evening star., 1942-06-21
'SMASHED' RUSSIAN ARMY STILL RESISTING
sovietNoz Clash Beeon Year Ago Tomorrow

Germany and Russia tomorrow will
enter the second year of the worlds
bloodiest and most costly war. with their
giant armies struggling to smash each
her in spring campaign increasing in
intensity from week to week.
Heavy fighting has been going on more
than six weeks in the Crimea and the
Kharkov sectors, but there has been lit
tie change in the battle lines since last
fall. when the German drive was stalled
by snow and ice.
The Russian Army-which Adolf Hit
Ter three times declared smashed, never
to rise again-apparently is able to with
stand the battering mass assaults OF the
German Army better now than year
ago. when it was rolled back before the
Nazi panzers
For the war which Hitler launched ito
save world civilization" on June %,
l941, carried his troops 225 miles on the
road to Moscow in the first week OF
fighting. From then until the end of
November, the Berlin radio blared forth
its victory fanfare almost daily.
Minsk, Smolensk, Kiev, Kharkov, Ros-
tov and hundreds of smaller cities fell
in quick succession until the German
tcrces were at the gates of Leningrad
and Moscow and it appeared that these
also were doomed.
"Never Will Rise Again."
On October g. Hitler made his historic
declaration that "the enemy already is
broken and never will rise again" Six
days later he announced: To-day begins
the last great decisive battle of this year"
This battle carried Nazi troops so
close to the Russian capital German Of
ticers asserted they could see the Krem-
Inns towers through their field glasses.
The situation was so grave most OF the
Russian government was moved out of
Moscow. The world waited hourly for
news that the great city had fallen.
On November Hitler declared:
Never was great empire smashed and
destroyed in shorter time than was So
Wet Russia this time"
He said the German Army had de-
stroyed nearly 5000 Russian planes.
27000 tanks and put about 5000, 900 men
ou. of action.
At the same time Joseph Stain blamed
Russia's difficulties on lack of a second
front, but said the Germans had not ac-
complished their gains without heavy
cost. He said the Nazis had lost 4.500,-
600 men In killed, wounded and miss
ing: the Red Army, 1,750,000.
While both Hitler's and Stalins cas-
ualty figures were considered by neutral
observers as being exaggerated, there was
no doubt that millions of soldiers had
been put out of action during the first
months OF the drive on Moscow.
Evening star., 1942-06-21

Britdins Prime Minister returns
here for euenttul conferences 1Dith
President RooseUeH.-A. P. Photo.
This week Balaclava was again in the
headlines of every newspaper in the
world as Russians
SevostopoI fought grimly and ter
HoIds Ouf ribly to save the nearby
city of Sevastopol, chief
port of the Black Sea and key to the
Crimea, from German conquest.
On the slope of high hills toward the
sea stands Sevastopol A mile-long mar
row channel lined with precipitous lime
stone cliffs is the harbor. Agamemnon's
daughter was high priestess of Greek
temple there 5000 years ago. The swift
Tehernaya pours out Of the lofty rocks
1--WE will die to the last SOUL the city
flashes word to the outside world by
Moscow radio. Hungry, outnumbered,
center Of one of the major battles OF
the war and one around which may re-
volve the history of the most critical
summer in the worlds history, they
stand firm and counterattack.
A worse shambles now than in 1859
is the green valley of Balaclava.
Early in the week the Germans
launched heavy drive on the Kharkov
front, but were repulsed, the Russians
say, with heavy. losses.
On May q the unspeakable Deputy
Reich Protector Reinhard Heydrich Of
Bohemia was fatally wounded while rid
ing through the streets of Prague.
The vengeance was swift and terrible.
Nearly 400 innocent hostages died. A
Czech village was an
Germon initiated Nazis boasted
Venoeonce to the world by air
waves, and the last
apologist for them hung his head in
shame. No German atrocity in the last
war was quite on a par with this.
Thursday Hitler himself had vision
of the day of reckoning. His henchmen
dragged some Czech youths from before
the altar Of a Prague church and shot
them out of hand. without trial. The
slayers of Heydrich had paid, Berlin
announced. There would be no more
reprisals.
Two years ago last week France COL
lapsed before the German panZer di-
visions The famed Maginot Line, once
pierced, crumbled like paper. This was
the greatest upset of the war, the
greatest German triumph of all time,
the temporary end of one of the earths
greatest and proudest nations.
On the anniversary of the great hu-
initiation tottering old Marshal Petain,
once hero, urged his countrymen to
be patient. He was hurt by their un-
Evening star., 1942-06-21
SCARCITY OF FOOD IN U.S.. HELD pOssIBLE f
Fortunes Of War; Labor, Shipping, Weather Factors
By Ovid Al Mrhn


Americans should not take it for
granted that they have all they want
of the foods that they like best during
the remainder of the war.
There Is a definite possibility that
there may be food shortages, and for
this reason the War Production Board
recently clothed Secretary of Agriculture
Wickard with virtually dictatorial pow
ers over the production, Importation and
distribution of the Nations food sup
plies. He was appointed chairman of
the powerful Wartime Food Require
nents Committee.
It Is the Job of this committee to see
that food supplies are made as large as
possible without interfering with other
phases of the war effort. Should sup
plies of any commodity or commodities
run short, it would be the duty of Mr.
Wickard and his committee to act
promptly to fill the requirements of this
country's fighting forces and those of its
Allies insofar as shipping facilities en-
able us to get supplies to them.
Responsibilities Tremendous
American civilian needs will come sec
ond.
The United States has, of course. one
of the more efficient and productive ag-
ricultural plants in the world. 1t is ca
pable in normal times and with favorable
weather conditions of producing more
food than this country needs, with the
exception of few commodities, princi-
pally sugar, coffee, tea, cocoa, spices and
vegetable oils.
But these are not normal times. Nor
Is the country assured of favorable
weather conditions during the present
growing season. Further, no one is able
to say what food demands the country
may be called on to meet before the war
is won
Few recognize the uncertainty of fu-
ture supplies and demands better than
Mr.. Wickard More than year ago he
began urging farmers TO step up produc-
ton
This country" he said recently, "is
becoming the food headquarters for the
United Nations. Our responsibilities are
tremendous. we can meet Jnem ana
still have plenty for our own people.
but we will have to make every ounce of
our effort count"
With the exception of foods which
must be imported in whole or in part,
present supplies of most commodities are
sufficient to meet current and near-fu-
ture demands. But only in the case of
wheat is the country now assured of
more than a years supply. Crops to
meet the demands of next winter, spring
and summer are yet to be grown.
Obviously, hopes of an adequate sup
ply of most products are subject to a
number of ifs"
First, there's the weather. Once crops
are planted, the weather is perhaps the
most important factor determining pro-
duction. Fortunately, weather condi-
tions have been far above average so far
this season. Commenting on prospects,
the Agricultural Department said in its
latest crop report that IF the weather
continues favorable, previous records of
agricultural output in the United States
may be considerably exceeded"
But veteran farm specialists caution
against optimistic forecasts. They point
out that extremely hot, dry weather dur
Ing July and August could seriously re
Evening star., 1942-06-21

would be more inclined to allow civilians
to have all they wanted.
Developments on the sea lanes could
have far-reaching effects on food sup
plies Elimination of the submarine
menace would mean the movement of
more food to Great Britain and Russia.
Russia Needs Food.
Those countries are now on the lowest
possible rations conducive to efficient
production Of war materials Both need
and could use vast quantities of pork,
lard, cheese. dried and evaporated milk,
vegetable oils, canned fruits and vege-
tables. Russia needs large quantities of
wheat. Should the shipping situation
improve this country would want to send
those countries all the food they need
even though that meant some restric-
tions at home.
While an increase in Allied shipping
facilities might have a limiting effect on
consumption of some domestic foods, it
might on the other hand improve the
domestic supply of foods which must be
imported.
There is sufficient sugar. coffee, vege-
table oils and cocoa in Latin America to
meet American and Allied requirements
But shortage of shipping is at present
limiting supplies of those products in
this country as we'll as in Great Britain
and Russia
Meanwhile the Wickard Committee. in
cooperation with transportation au-
thorities, must decide what foods are to
be imported. Their decisions will affect
consumer supplies of sugar, coffee, tea,
tropical fruits and vegetable oils.
Evening star., 1942-06-21
American Front

While thousands watched from holi-
day-thronged Virginia Beach, Axis SUBJ
marines torpedoed two coastwise ships
A day later the undersea boats struck
again so close to the Gulf Coast that
the crew of the torpedoed Norwegian
freighter rowed ashore in about an hour.
Yesterday nine more sinkings were an
nounced.
This brought the number Of ships ofi-
cially announced to have been sent to
the bottom off the Atlantic and Gulf
coasts to 286 since December T. But no
American soldier has yet been lost in
a troop convoy.
Americas fighting men became the
highest paid in the world when President
Roosevelt signed legislation making the
base pay of privates and apprentice sea-
men $50 month, with 20 per cent in
crease for service overseas.
Two years an exile from her row.
house" white palace in The Hague, Will
helmina Of Holland flies to Canada to
see her daughter and grandchildren.
This fine, stern old lady will soon be in
Washington. So will Peter of Yugoslavia.
George of Greece has gone for a time,
perhaps the most affable royal gentle
man and ablest monarch of his king
crashing generation.
Americas war expenditures have
reached sl000,00O,000 a week, Budget
Director Smith announces.
The end is not yet He thinks we
will be spending at the rate of s7O,O00.-
100000 year soon. Before Pearl Har-
Dor the price for our armaments was a
mere half billion every seven days.
This is two or three times what can
be raised by taxation. England is spend
ing close to half billion a week. Eng
llshmen Of most classes pay half their
earnings across the counter for the war.
In one move. the House voted more
than sS.0OO00o,000 for 1,5OO warships.
The drive is underway In earnest to
divert at least 10 per cent of the Ameri-
can payroll into War bonds. Wage
paying establishments are charged with
the duty of bringing about this diver
sion. There are mass meetings of en-
ployes everywhere and the response is
encouraging
o' TAAiieAiNoiio ACd41Hc HiOlc lildIl ever
before that war, 1912 style, Is uncom-
Portable for everybody. 1t threatens to
become decidedly painful - something
this country has not known since the
middle Cos of the last century
The drive to collect scrap rubber gets
under way all over the country How
many tons are lying around? This is
a blind SPOT of the defense nrocran Tn
a few weeks we will know. There is
nothing psychological about this collec-
ton. 1t is in deadly earnest
Evening star., 1942-06-21
Americas Twenty-Eighth Week of War
T46th Week of World War ~
By Thomas X. Henry.

blinded Australians and British driven superior forces
Libyan soldiers civilians
conference Washington between the heads the British
American governments snkng of ships broad daylight
within
the world its third heart-rendng
we'll be crucial Of the holocaust
ties predicted
land
of months of
this Axis
Evening star., 1942-06-21

undergoing at the front. Hitler purged
his army high command, removing Field
Marshal Walther Won Brauchitsch and
other high officers and taking over active
command himself.
Both Germany and Russia, meanwhile,
were mobilizing and training all their
remaining manpower into fresh armies
to be thrown into the struggle when
spring came. The German propaganda
machine sought to overshadow Russian
victories by pouring out constant boasts
about spring campaign which would
surpass anything yet seen in the war.
But Hitler encountered difficulties in
trying to get the minor Axis partners
Italy, Hungary, Rumania and Slovakia-
to contribute troops for his army, and
there were few reserves in Germany
which could be called up He also had
to overcome great transportation diff
flculties in getting men and supplies
to the front.
Felt Pinch for Men.
The most reliable information indi-
Gates he finally mustered an army OF
100000 but the Russians, despite their
heavy losses, are said to have 100000
men under arms, even If all are not yet
ready for action.
Both sides seemed to have enormous
numbers of tanks, planes and guns as
the spring campaign started. The Mos
COW newspaper Pravda declared recently
that Russia had more tanks than ever
before. Besides Russia's own produc-
ton, she had received thousands of
tanks and planes from the United States
and Great Britain during the winter.
The Germans also seemed to have
plenty of planes and tanks on the East
ern Front, although there was an indica-
ton of possible shortage of planes
in the fact that the Nazis were unable
to give much opposition to the British
raids on Germany and the occupied coun-
tries in the west.
The Russian Army newspaper Red
Star said the Germans had lost 12,700
planes and $4,000 flyers during the first
nine months OF the Russian campaign.
The Germans, on the other hand, said
the Russians had lost 10000 planes.
The renewed fighting on the Eastern
Front has not yet reached its full in
tensity, so it is still too early to see
whether the Germans will be able to
repeat their 1941 successes, but Stain
has one thing in his favor which was
missing last year.
On June IL it was announced that the
United States and Great Britain had
agreed with Russia on the urgent need
for establishing second front In 1912.
If this comes, 1t may mean the difference
between victory and defeat for the Rus
slams.
Evening star., 1942-06-21
Tobruk
Cutoff
By Ovid A. Martin,
Wide World.

A. P. Photo.
duce the output of such important live
stock feed crops as corn, grain sorghums
and oats. 1t could also cut down the
production of the vitally important soy
bean and peanut vegetable oil crops. 1t
could ruin pastures and thereby cut
down the production of milk and dairy
products. 1t could also seriously affect
vegetable and fruit crops being grown for
canning and processing.
A bad drought undoubtedly would
make rationing of many foods neces-
sary."
Another if is the farm supply. Sew
eral million farm workers have been
drawn into the armed forces and into
war industries. This loss has left a
serious gap in the agricultural labor
supply The shortage will be felt most
sharply at harvest time. Mr.. Wickard
has warned that the short labor supply
may prevent the harvesting of some
crops.
Labor shortages may also affect the
food processing industries.
Transportation an IT,
Chairman H. P. Fulmer of the House
Agriculture Committee has warned that
a food shortage in this country is inevi.
table unless steps are taken to protect
the farm labor supply.
"One of these days." he said recently,
I'VE are going to wake up and find our
selves mighty short of food because we
are not doing anything now to prevent
the flow of labor away from farms. You
can't fight a war without food"
1t may be possible to supplement the
labor supply to some extent by enlisting
the aid of urban boys and women.
Then there's transportation If. !"
The bulk of the products of American
farms 60 to market on rubber tires. AL
ready the rubber shortage is hampering
the movement of products, particularly
perishable commodities which must be
marketed quickly and often in small lots.
The tire shortage is being felt most
sharply in the Midwestern dairy and live
stock areas. Because of growing short
age In trucking facilities much skim
milk is being kept on the farm for live
stock feed. This milk is needed for
processing into dried milk for shipment
Evening star., 1942-06-21
Far Eastern Front

Japan seemed to be relaxing somewhat
to lick its fostering wounds.
In the Australian sector some heavy
raids on Darwin were reported. and
there was immediate retaliation. But
this might be only the lull before the
storm-a storm forecast by the invasion
Of the westernmost Aleutian Islands.
Competent observers saw signs that
the Japs were planning to attack Russia
from the east through Siberia. An army
of more than half million was reliably
reported concentrated in Manchukuo
ready for big push, and planes released
from the Burma campaign were stream
ing northward.
This might be the Axis answer to
threats OF a western front to help Rus
sia in Europe.
Evening star., 1942-06-21
European Front

Eighty-three years ago a brigade Of
British cavalry rode down a mile-long
valley, lined with Russian guns on hill
tops to right and left, near the Crimean
village of Balaclava. They wore scarlet
coats then. Only few came back, for
some one had blundered, Alfred Tenny-
son wrote of the Charge of the Light
Brigade"