davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1942-08-29

With summer on the wane, De-
troiters are making the most OF
these last few sunny days. AL
though many are travelling ont OF
state, Michigan resorts draw large
quotas OF yacationists.
Last week at Midwest Country
club, at Crasse Lake. Michigan.
the nine coy cottages were fill
ed with guests. In addition TO the
spacious hotel. Last Saturday
evening. Sam Thomas, Sr., son Of
the proprietors OF the resort. en-
tertained the guests by showing
several interesting movie war pic
lures and films Of local scenes
and people. After the movie show
hot dogs and buns were the order
OF the day.
Among the guests at Midwest
we're: Mrs. Lois Weldon and
daughter, Olga Jean. and Their
guests. Mr.. and Mrs. Bonnie
Carnes, Miss Delma Smith, Mrs
Grille Sercy and son. Benny; Mr.
and Mrs. Powell and family, Mrs
NcHenry. beautician; Mrs. Will
liams. Mr.. and Mrs. Gordon Ellis
Of GAIL Mack avenue. Detroit
Beulah and Marie Ellis. Mr. and
Mrs. Simms. Mr.. and Mrs. Stanley
Jackson. OF Jackson's Fish and
Poultry store. and their mother
Mrs Ella Mckay. and the Jack
sons baby. Barbara Ann: Henry
Reece. Preston Rhodes, PHILLIP
Rhodes. Mr.. and Mrs. Gilbert
CAN'T. Frank Smith. Ralph Fen.
rell. Sampson Smith. Laura NJ
TromDkins. MIR and Mrs Petre,
Fisher. Miss Geraldine Overton
Mir. and Mrs. Anderson Fields. Ma.
nile Thomas. Mrs. Carrie Chan
wan. NIr. and Mrs. ]. ". Mccall
Miss Victoria Mccall. Miss Chris
tine Johnson. Mrs. Ar"'e Johnson
Bob Thomas. also sixteen boy
scouts from Detroit who spent
two weeks ~ tho resort. under
the supervision Of Court Master
PAYNE.
Another Michigan resort at.
tracing many Detroiters Is Idle.
Wild. Among those who enjoyed
the resort last Weekend were
Mr.. and Mrs. Leroy White ant
infant son. Mr.. and Mrs. J. IT.
Grazier. DR. Ralston Mitchell. At
torney c. W. Jones. Paul Davis
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1942-08-29
HIGHLAND
PARK NEWS
BY MARION COLEMAN

The stork has been busy lately
over Highland park. leaving 10 Mr.
and Mrs. Julian p. Rodgers, Jr., I
baby son. Julian III: to Mr.. ane
Mrs. Everett Robinson son
Leonard Wayne: TO Mr.. and Mrs
Estus Smith. a daughter; and q
Mr.. and Mrs. Stuart an infant son
Mrs. John Pinder was the CUES,
OF honor at buffet supper given
by Mr.. and Mrs. Edward Var
| Turner, OF LaBelle avenue. Mrs.
Pinder left Tuesday, Aug. 25. FOL
her home near Nashville. Tenn :,
where she will resume her teach.
ing duties in one OF the schools In
her city.
Mrs. Van Turner. the former
Robbie Glover. Is row visiting rel
atiyes In Philadelphia. Before re-
turning home, she will spend a
few days with her stepmother In
Atlantic City.
Sunday was gala day for mr-
sic-lovers at Berea Methodist
church. Professor Carroll. who has
masters degree in music. was
guest organist. He is the son OF
the Rev. II. NJ. Carroll. Another
unusual attraction was Harry Nj.
Mcdonald. who was a soloist.
Mr.. and Mrs. Higgins, OF Chica-
go, were guests OF the Rev aid
.rs. Banknead recently. Mr.. Hig-
gems is the superintendent OF st.
Marks Sunday school, and his wifi,
has charge OF the Vacation Bible
school.
Miss Elizabeth Jackson returned
Sunday 10 visit her father, william
Jackson. She is as pretty as even
and proudly tells OF doing her bill
for Uncle Sam in a defense plant
in Trenton, Nj.
Another charming visitor IA
Grace Jennings, a sophomore al
Xavier college. During her visit
here. she is staying with her aunt
Mrs. Augusta jennings. on Wex-
ford avenue, but also spends much
Of her time with Miss Wylene Bal
ley. OF Kendall avenue.
The Neighborhood First-Aid class
completed its training last Tues
day. Many members received GER
tificates.
The Eureka Garden. Art AMI
Social club members went on an
outing Monday. They spent the day
in the open. enjoying one OF the
last OF those fast fleeing Summer
days. All the members were not
present. Those who went on me
outing and had a grand time m
cluded: MIR. and Mrs. James Brown,
Attorney and Mrs. Alfred Casey.
Mr. and Mrs. Robert Coleman. Mr..
and Mrs. Horace Daniel. Mr.. AMI
Mrs. Garfield McClain. MIR. and
Mrs. Fletcher Patterson, and Mr..
and Mrs. Arthur Toles.
II you are interested in what tn {.
well-dressed youngster will wear
this Fall. don't miss the Back-To-
School fashion show. Sept 3. II Is
sponsored by the Mothers club 81
Highland park.
Garden enthusiasts will enjoy
seeing the beautiful dahlia garden
of Mr.. and Mrs. Mosley, OF 1887
Inverness avenue
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1942-08-29
Japanese Woman Who Baked At us.
lnternnent Awaits Court Decision

Los ANGELES (LATF)-One of the very few Jap
refuse the military order be evacuated the
coastal defense and submit nernment for the d-
ration, Mrs Helen Ohnck halfJapanee and half-white
woman Is awaiting here the decision Of a Federal Judge on
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1942-08-29

IN ne Waco. Texas. Army Fly
INK school are: Pfc George II. Car
isr. OF Detroit. and Corp. Linwood
Bsiit Of shington. DC. Pfc.
Carter was mortician. being cen
neCted with the r. VI. Mason Fu-
neral home. At S6fS Oakland ave-
nue. he Is the son OF Mrs. Naomi
Holmes ~ 1920 Custer street this
city. and has been in the service
sixteen months. Corporal Britt has
been in The service thirteen
months. he is the son Of Mrs. Sam
Britt Washington. DC. Both young
men are stationed in the Medical
detachment OF the Waco flying
school.
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1942-08-29

in holding her under armed guard
while no law violation is charged.
AS her attorney told the presid-
ing Judge. who has the case under
adyisement So far as | know there
never has been decision OF the
Supreme Court OF the United States
UNFOLDING the right OF military
commander 10 hold citizens OF the
United States without hearing
The power TO exclude. certainly
doesn't contain in II the power TO
detain after exclusion"
FATHER A CITIZEN
Miss Ohnick is Japanese on her
paternal side. her father comins
here from Japan as youth and re-
naming to become one OF the FIVE
first generation Japanese in the en-
tire history OF the United States
10 be awarded citizenship. All FIVE
won Il because OF some great sew
ice TO the country. Miss Ohnick's
father won his for contribution 10
The development OF Arizona.
a brother OF the womans Is be-
ing held prisoner in the PHILIPPINES
by the Japanese. and after being
wounded with t. ). forces in Cor
rcgidor. one OF the finest interna-
tlonal lawyers in the world. ac-
cordng 10 Miss Ohnick, her broth
or Is veteran OF World War T..
Notwithstanding his, Miss Ohnicx
was ordered 20 leave the coastal arc a
because her presence. along with
that 81 thousands OF Japanese, was
considered dangerous to her coun-
uys welfare.
Refusing 10 be evacuated. Miss
Ohnl~ SAID her case was taken up
CONTINUED on page ~
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1942-08-29
DINA Music Institute A Success


institute that It has been -.
cd that It become an sna susssr.
n ,sl,, win probably a cSsI,,,'ii'
Material institute this Fan I''a''
Among the many who ~ 49,
are the following: Mrs. ss''.s'sa
Patterson OF st. Louis No. alma
Minnie J. Crockett Of IIa% MT. hIs
MRS Marguerite jackson Of w snss /.
eor, Ont. Mesdames vs ~ "'nd'
Plante. Willie Mae Halrs,o ,". 81 J.
JEFFERSON, Leon Edwards p uIae'
SON, A. q. Robertson y .su'I'
Maddox. Grace Edwards wv' an'
Ruth Homeby. S. Lube,,. wales sl'
holm. Johnnie G. Reed Me- NJ ' IN
lie Green. Mary 0. Doctor ~, s y
Cole, Mary Lucas Booke~ Ns r,'l
Lewis Mamie Grimes. Mana ., |,
Williams. Lillian 4 Ios., :,
Jerome Mcklin. Agnetta ,.So,,s so'
Mrs' =. Antnony, the Rev. n n
Carroll. Robert Nolan r.
Todd. Matte Mills. vernIcs ,.'.
son, Hiawatha Civilians. Ell, ~, ~.
Taylor. Ruby Fuller. Esths, /,
Love. Marie HAYES. .eola Ho,,,. :
Ethel johnson. Josephine An,h,s'
Ruth Abbott. Helen Drown :.
telle Ferguson. Lawrence p,os =
Mrs. G. Williams. ". C. Far,..
Mrs c. W. Brook. Margaret In,
comb. Jessie Parrish. Carrie poS
er. Constance Mimms. rlors.,,
Williams. Maudie Franklin puh,
Philpot. Alhcrto Harris. rai.r
Jos. Wright. Talmadge Turn,
and others.
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1942-08-29

the question OF the Governments
right 10 bold in custody American
citizens NOT accused OF crime.
ALATf reporter talked with Ms.
Ohnick ih'. week when We learn
81, with ear interest that there
is al least one japanese Who had
stood o. her constitutional rights.
There r. reported 10 be ono Other.
a hoy IN san Francisco
2 he case which Viii test The mill
tary action involved suit brought
by Miss Nitsuye Endo. - former
state civil service employee al sac
ramen'o. Miss Endo s informed
now at The Tule Lake reception
center. Submitting 20 the intern
ment. Miss f'rdo then sued on The
grounds ilat her rights as an
American r''zta have been VII 'aici
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1942-08-29
INDIANAPOLIS NIGHT CLUBS
CLOSED AFTER INCIDENT

INDIANAPOLIS - (ANP) - Be-
cause racial feeling is still hign
following an incident last Friday
night when two white policemen
were severely beaten and two Ne
groes wounded, two Negro night
clubs were ordered to remain clos
ed.
According TO Prosecuting Atty
Sherwood Blue, the trouble OF last
Friday night and other incidents
since then makes II unwise to re-
open the clubs at this time" The
officers, members OF a vice squad
were assaulted when they entered
one OF the night clubs to make an
investigation.
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1942-08-29
Woolford, Hudsons
Have HouSeguests

Mr.. and Mrs. Ernest Woolfori
and Theodore Hudson Of 642S
Whitewood have as their house
guests, Mrs. p. l.. Hudson, Evan
gelist +. l.. Wright. Mrs. Birdie
Mae Foster, Mrs. Sarah Richards.
Howard James Hudson, four: and
Theodore Henry Hudson, three.
Mrs. Hudson Is the mother OF
Theodore Hudson. Evangelist
Wright and Mrs. Foster are his
sisters.
Mrs. Richards. sister OF Mrs.
Woolford. will leave for Chicago
soon and will return later 10 join
the others on wildwood.
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1942-08-29
Miss Lowe Goes To
Business Meet

Miss Esther Lowe. teacher, Br.
stow school. will he the guest 1,
National Negro Business Learn,
convention. Aug. 26-9S o, y,
Conant Garden Political assoth
ton.
In addition TO "Trip 10 chirn
and return with all expenses p,g
Miss Lowe Is also The rcclpiert 4
a years subscription To the Sen
ice magazine. NNBI publcstr
and years membership in Rus
ness organization. This in recon-,
ton OF her fine work during Corn
Garden associations education
program which Terminated IN \
annual scholarship banquet Id
June.
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1942-08-29
RED CROSS COLLECTS WOODEN
GARMENTS FOR sG9TH

LOS ANGELES AMP Nine.
teen hundred wooden garments
enough to fiji three Red Cross sta.
ton wagons--were collected post.
haste by the local Red Cross chap
ter recently for the 369th Coast Ar.
tillery made up Of Negro boys sta.
toned In this area.
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1942-08-29
Michigan Resorts Draw Detroiters

Attorney Joe Craigen, MIR. and
Mrs. Joe Branham, DR.. and Mrs.
Paul Alexander. Mrs. William
Russell. Or. +. A. wilkins. DR..
and Mrs. Givens. Attorney and
Mrs. Harold Bledsoe and family.
DR.. and Mrs. Guy Salisbury. Mrs.
Robert Greenidge and daughter.
Roberta: Mrs. S. Milton, DR.. Will
liam Howard. and many others.
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1942-08-29
With The Colors


When Technical Sergeant Black
was hom, lasr Weekend on special
iuly from India. Calf. he wes
horored With a lovely dinner par
y given hv Mr.. and Mrs. John
Pryor. OF Oakland avenue. His
friends attending the affair in
.elHL.d Dorathye l.. Merriweather
John T.. Heron, Rose Lee Merri-
weather Hudson sullivan and
josephine l.ampkin.
The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1939-1949, 1942-12-17
Pomona Asks for
Stabilizing of
Livestock Prices
Continued From Page ~

. Continued From Page ~
TO vale, Hall Identification to
KenHswick Valley and Inland En-
pire Waterways Association to Fin
ley. H. r.
The annual report, of the officers
shows splendid cooperation, eff
Gent service and a material in
crease in strength of the Pomona.
Eighty-two candidates We're ini-
atet in the fifth degree, several
came in by den1it so there is now
membership of 821. SAB has
been invested in bonds and it was
recommended that another bond
be bought.
- Masters annual reports were
given from all except Horse Heaven
and Rattlesnake. There was no
representation from Rattlesnake.
During the year there has been
growth in membership, donations
to al worthy causes, purchase OF
war bonds, Booster Night meetings,
drives for scrap iron, paper and
ruh6er, doing bit to help win the
war, paying dues for boys in SER
vice. cookies for USO jar, helped
entertain national grange and pre-
senSed gold mounted gavel to ma
! floral Master Goss.
Following the policy of many
years. Pomona purchased $1,000
tuberculosis bond. III e mi.
State Lecturer Shea urged grang-
ers TO secure signers for petitions
No. IL and No. II.
The next meeting will be jan
uary 9th at 200 pm. at Buena
Vista. r...- ~. 80
PROGRAM Ia
Mr.. Saunders of Yakima showed
pictures Men and Ships and
Home Made Rain" ..s "a-z. +.
Community singing of America
the Beautiful" and Silent Night
led by Sister Carol Benjamin.
Address: State Lecturer Ira Shea.
ALICE B. AYERS, &
tests= Reporter.
The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1939-1949, 1942-12-17
Warrior Letters
Continued on Page 81

Y
d0rmitory all to ourselves. It is
really paradise. ..s......,,.5
Ever since I received the Dec. 3
issue OF your paper, all I have been
doing is reading it and rereading it,
and wondering just how long it will
be before I am able to return to
Kennewick and see the things hap
pen instead of reading about it in
the paper. ~ 81
Our school is two-month course.
During that time we spend four
hours day during the morning
tearing down and rebuilding diesel
engines. In the afternoon we go to
class to study the theory of engines.
! After We finish our course here, we
go TO advanced school or to sea.
signed up for submarine duty and
get to go to another school which is
located in New London, Conn. -.
iowa reminds me of Texas in a
way because you can drive farther
and see less than in any other state
on the continent ~ r.s
If this letter to you brings as much
luck to me as the last one I wrote
to you did, I'll be sitting in heaven.
There were quite few of the fell
lows that I used to run around with
in NenneWick that had lost track
Of when they left to. join the armed
forces Of our good old country and
TO defeent the best piece of silk in
the world, "Old Glory. They all
wrote 20 me and now I'm reunited
with them by mail again.
The navy is a swell place to be if
you don't mind getting up in the
middle Of the night to eat break
fast. Then we have to clean up our
. quarters and then change clothes to
60 to school. We enjoy ourselves in
class and then we rush back to our
quarters and change clothes again
: and go to chow. We return after
- about an hour of standing in line
; and then we head for school again.
Well Ralph enclosed is a picture of
me for your records. Hoping this
finds you all ok.
As ever,
WALLACE A. SCOTT F3 &c
The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1939-1949, 1942-12-17

WORD was received here Wednes-
day by relatives of the marriage of
Hiss Edna Goodnight to Robert Hill
ton IL Seattle Hilton is in the
tank division of the service and is
stationed in Texas. He expects to
be sent out for foreign service after
the 5th of January. Mss Goodnight
Is a former KenneWick resident and
sister Of Mrs. Roger Records and
AIRS. Roy johnson.
The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1939-1949, 1942-12-17
Supreme Court ..
Refuses to Pass
On Election Case
(continued From page s.

C0ntlnued From Page 81
sfstentiy held it would not review
. proceeding in which the questions
presented have become moot.
OF the candidates in question,
Powell was elected. He will take
pffice after the first of the year as
prosecutor. He has been appointed
prosecutor for the remainder of the
present term to fill the vacancy
caused by the resignation of K e.
Serier, but has refused to accept the
appointment. "
The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1939-1949, 1942-12-17

Things happening Seway this week. It's the of thu
Food living
Pasco will this food shopping center this week without f
Evening star., 1942-09-08
BY GOULD LINCOLN.

With Labor Day in the past,
the politicians and candidates for
Congress and State Offices are
getting down to business. The
campaign OF 1912 will be waged
briskly from now until election
day, November 3.
Up to the present the interest
has centered largely in party
nominations-with some of the
contests bitterly fought, as in the
case of the Democratic nomina-
ton for Governor of New York,
which was won in a roaring
Brooklyn convention by Attorney
General John j, Bennett, ir., sup
ported by Big Jim" Farley. Sem
ator Mead, his administrations
supported opponent, was the
third member of the Senate to
seek gubernatorial nomination
this year--and to fail. The others
are Senator Davis, Republican, of
Pennsylvania, and Senator Reed,
Republican, of Kansas.
Maine really starts the ball
rolling, since it will hold its cleo
tions, for Governor and other
State offices, and for Senator and
three members of the House, next
Monday. The Pine Tree State
Evening star., 1942-09-08
I'D Rather Be Right
Some of Our Bright Ideas Show Lack Of Punch;
Hitler Cove Up CIeverness When Army Was Reudy

considered out of bounds for COM
mandos. How brilliant do we have
to be, when We have an Army. and
an enemy? And what a pity, for a
creature that eats like lion to have
to live like a fox.
Where's our punch? Why do we
have to look like miserable culprits
in India, and have to talk so fast
and say so much nonsense. when we
could swing blow for freedom that
would silence Japan and give our
side so many friends that the moon
itself would hear the worlds cry of
gratitude?
1t would be just days work, and
rather dull work, too; it could be
done by any one of a number of men
who are not nearly smart enough to
lose the war. Perhaps we have been
seduced by the legend of Hitler's
cleverness. But Hitler gave up
bright ideas the moment his army
was complete. Since then he has
been doing routine days work for
Fascism, which can only be coun-
tered by routine days work for
democracy.
Evening star., 1942-09-08

of fact, the Congress has under
mined its own prestige to such a
point that strong minded Execu-
tive feels he can venture to threaten
Congress and still be immune from
criticism.
But when all is said and done
there is reason to lament the state
of affairs which has permitted Con-
gress to favor farm-bloc politics at
the expense of the Nation and to
lament also the fact that Presi-
dent of the United States feels he
has to give Congress 20 days or
thereabouts to pass law, failing
which he will go ahead and assume
he has the power to issue a decree
that is to be regarded as the equiva-
lent of law. Many citizen would
be happier today if the President
had tactfully omitted the threat and
ultimatum from his message.
Reproduction Rights Reserved)
Evening star., 1942-09-08
Several Industries Join
In Argentine Bus Strike

PT the Associated Press
BUENOS AIRES, Sept. S.-Scat-
tered disorders Eroke out in Argen-
tina yesterday as workers in several
industries walked out in sympathy
for bus drivers striking in protest
against compulsory absorption Of
their privately owned lines by the
government rapid transit monopoly.
The drivers drove their vehicles
into garages last Friday, refusing to
hand them over to municipal author
tiles
In Buenos Aires two 1o-year-old
children were run over and killed
by a bus whose driver lost control
when it was stoned. Some passen-
gers were injured.
Several other buses and COM
mercial vehicles were stoned during
the day. Windows of a police on
c1als car were broken.
One police district Headquarters
requested reinforcements from a tear
gas squad In anticipation of more
serious disorders.
Evening star., 1942-09-08
Russian Girl Sniper
To Be Honored Friday

1t. Liudmila Pav1ichenko, the
Russian girl sniper now in Wash
ington, will be the guest of honor
of the Washington Organization for
Russian War Relief from 4::30 to
6 pm. Friday at the organization S
headquarters, 1918 Connecticut ave-
nue..
At the same time there will be a
display of more than 100 photo
graphs from the Soviet Union, pic
turing various phases of the health,
academic and recreational programs
of Russia's younger generation.
Evening star., 1942-09-08

still sticks to its early elections
in September-although all the
other At States uniformly do their
voting in November.
Always an effort is made to
learn the trend" of political
sentiment from the Maine elec-
tions-to find some straw which
will tell how the political wind
is blowing. AS often as not how
ever, what happens in Maine is
no criterion by which to judge
what will happen in the rest of
the country. Maine has for many
years been predominantly Re-
publican, although it has strayed
from the COP on a number of
occasions.
Threat to COP in Maine.
This year there is threat to
the Republican State administra-
ton in Maine, with a well-known
banker of Lewiston, George w.
Lane, having the Democratic
nomination for Governor. He is
matched against Gov. Sumner
Sewall, Republican.
The Democrats are making an
attack on Gov. Sewall's con-
duct of the State government.
Mr.. Lane has not been in public
office before, but is highly re-
garded. An upset in the guber-
material race might make it
serious for the Republicans ins
two congressional districts. ~
In one of the three districts
the Republican, Representative
Fellows, has no opposition. In
the second district. Mrs. Marga-
ret Chase Smith is seeking re-
election. Lewiston, the home of
the Democratic candidate for
Governor and usually regarded
as Democratic stronghold, lies
in Mrs. Smiths district. In the
first district, now represented by
Representative Oliver, who was
Evening star., 1942-09-08

In the light of history Marshal
Foch was a good general. but
there was nothing particularly
brilliant about him. His sue
cesses were due to the excellence
of the men and war material at
his disposal and to the fact that
he alone, without civilian inter
ference, was authorized to say
where this or that unit should
be sent. His decisions we're
prompted by military considera-
ttions exclusively.
The scope of this war is, of
course, far greater than that of
the last one. But because of this
it is felt in many military quar-
ters on both sides of the Atlantic
that the strategy of the war
should be intrusted to one mill
tary man who has free hand
to move his forces over the vast
areas of the world in accordance
with military needs and in COM
plete ignorance of political COM
mltments.
Evening star., 1942-09-08
j. P. Morgan Celebrates
His 18th Birthday
By the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
NEW YORK, Sept. ga man
who has walked with kings and who
likes to pass the plate in church on
Sundays was back at his desk today
after celebrating his 18th birthday
anniversary. He is j. P. Morgan,
one of the worlds wealthiest
bankers.
There was no birthday statement
from the head of the House of Nor
gan, but at rs he gave no indication
of retiring.
He has lived a life most men can
only dream of. AS heir to the estate
Of his father, 'Thundering Jupiter"
Morgan, he inherited SIT, ,465 ,e75 .38.
He spent his birthday at his Long
Island estate yesterday with rela-
tives, showing new variety of
tulip, q flower with which he has
had unusual success at flower shows.