davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1942-06-07
Gardeners Should
Keep All Plants
Well Marked

There are many reasons for mark
ing each specimen in the flower
or vegetable garden with a proper
label and care should be taken to
keep such markers always in place.
1t is impossible always to remem-
ber the location of each flower
shrub, or kind of vegetable planted
in the graden, and yet for cultural
reasons and for the gardeners own
record, it is always advisable to
know the name of each plant.
For temporary purposes labels Of
wood and paper may be purchased
in quantities at a very reasonable
rate. The wooden ones are usually
notched and fitted with wires by
which they may be attached to the
plants or to their supporting stakes.
Be sure in placing them that they
do not bind the plant and thus re-
strict it's growth.
If more than one variety of any
vegetable is planted be sure to mark
each carefully. BY noting which
thrives best in your garden, or
which one is the family's favorite
YOU will know which to eliminate
and which to buy another year.
Where trees, shrubs or plants
must have permanent labels, there
are many ingenious markers now
on the market, or the gardener may
invent and make some of his own.
They should be neat, large enough
to be easily read, not injured by
the weather and whenever possible
should be concealed by the plant
itself.
Evening star., 1942-06-07
Fertilizins Plants
Has Importance
At This Time

Fertilizing plants is important
now. Applying plant nutrients in
liquid form is not new idea, but
instead of liquid manure we are
now using chemicals which are
easier to handle. You can buy
some of the soluble fertilizing ma
terials such as transplanting mix
lures and starter solutions, or you
can dissolve regular fertilizers in
water and give plants regular ap-
plications of this solution. Plants
respond very well to this treatment
and it IS a great saver of fertilizer.
The strength of the solution will
depend upon what you are using
and how it Is made. If you are
using some highly concentrated fer
tilizers or one of the soluble plant
food materials, the solution should
be much diluted. About 5 to 10
pounds of this to so gallons of
water would be about right If a
regular fertilizer such as 5-10-5 is
being used. you can dissolve about
twice as much in so gallons of wa
ter Apply this according to the
size of the plants. For good-sized
specimens of garden flowers appli-
cations at the rate of one pint to
one quart around each plant is sat-
isfactory in most cases.
You will get an immediate re-
sponse to this treatment and can
bring back growing plants
quite rapidly. Don't use this too
often, however. You can overfeed
plants as well as dogs and babies.
Use only once in two or three weeks
If the plants are growing rapidly
BY this method of fertilizing you
can practically control growth and
grow first-class plants and produce
results. A 100-pound bag of fertil-
izer will go long way.
Evening star., 1942-06-07
Serious Damage
Nav Be Caused
By Cutworn
VIII Often Attack
The Seedlings of
Garden Crops

The young plants of several of the
garden crops may be seriously dam
aged or even completely destroyed
by cutWorms. Tomato, corn, cab
bage and beans are often attacked
by this pest, which also kills many
of the flower seedlings when they
are newly set out in the garden.
The cutworm is the larva of a
species of moth. 1t winters in the
soil and in the spring it emerges
as ravenously hungry caterpillar
and does untold damage to any
young plants which get in its way,
usually cutting them off completely
Just below the surface of the ground.
A whole field of tomato plants has
been destroyed by these pests in a
single night, and where their pres
ence is detected in the garden some
means must be taken to eradicate
them.
They are smooth, dull-colored gray,
green or brown caterpillars that curl
up tight when discovered and can
quickly burrow out of sight. If the
worms are very numerous, make a
poison bait by mixing 4 ounces Paris
green with pounds dry bran and
wet this mixture with sirup made
with 2 quarts water, l pint of mo-
Lasses and 2 lemons ground up. Stir
the sirup into the poisoned bran
until the mixture is crumbly and
place q tablespoon beside each plant
in the early evening. The worms
always work at night. Remove any
that remains in the morning so that
birds will not be killed.
II not too numerous, the vegetable
plants can be protected by card
board collars until all danger OF
cutworms has passed-usually mid
July.
Evening star., 1942-06-07

culture. Lighter and more comfort
able than metal helmets, they can be
worn by mine workers and men on
construction jobs-even by AFRAID
wardens--thus saving metal for war
needs. In the not too distant future
non-criticsl industries may be called
upon to replace their light metals
with soybean plastics wherever pos
sible.
The soybean is one Of the oldest,
II not the oldest. legume cultivated
by man. For centuries 1t has nour-
ished the people of Japan and China.
Despite its ancient lineage, this
Oriental crop is comparative new
conner to the Western World. Large
scale paintings we're not begun until
the latter part of the 18th century.
Production in the United States got
off to slow start but has increased
tremendously since 1917-from D.
100000 bushels in that year to
around los 100000 bushels in 194l.
Half billion pounds of soybean
Oil was procesSed by American in
dustry last year and used in the
manufacture of wide variety of
edible and non-edible products rang
ing from oleomargarine to oilcloth.
Because of its slightly "beany"
flavor, most Europeans and Amer
leans have not yet cultivated a taste
for the soybean as a home-cooked
fresh vegetable. We employ II
mainly for livestock feed. Increas-
ing amounts, however, are being
consumed in the form of canned
beans, breakfast foods, health drinks,
flour for baked products. diabetic
foods, vegetable meat" and infant
foods. Nutritionists recommend soy
bean milk for babies who cannot
digest cows milk because Of indi-
vidual hypersensitivity.
In contrast to this, recent studies
have shown that the addition of one
pound of soybean flour per barrel Of
beer will improve the foam stability
and other characteristics Of that
drink.
From babies to beerl Jacobs coat
of many colors had nothing on the
soybean-it is apparently all-inclu-
sive.
Evening star., 1942-06-07
Hardy Day Lilies
Are Increasing.
In Popularity
WeU.Drained Soil
Is Necessary. but
Gr0wth Is Easy
By Laurence and Edna Blair.

By Laurence and Edna Bfdfr.
The day lily is increasing in popu-
larity, especially now that there
are so many lovely new hybrid
varieties on the market. 1t is quite
hardy. multiplies readily and seems
to be immune to the numerous
diseases which attack the true lilies.
They require a well-drained soil,
but seem to need little attention
when once established, as they
thrive in nearly all locations, send
ing out clumps of sword-shaped
leaves and long 1eafless stalks which
bear large Ily-shaped flowers.
Though each blossom only re-
mains open for one day there are
so many buds on each stem that
an established plant will be covered
with flowers daily over long fioW-
ering season.
Some of the day lilies bear seeds
and these may be planted in June
to produce new plants. The process
Is somewhat slow, however, and 1t
will be two or three years before
these plants bloom. If they are
from one of the hybrid varieties
they may bear no resemblance to
the parent plant.
= The clumps may be lifted and
divided in August or September,
however, and each division which IS
set out at this time should blossom
the following season.
Most varieties blossom in early
summer, but new fall blooming
types are now being introduced.
There are many lovely shades OF
yellow and orange and some Of the
newer ones are rose-pink, crimson
and dark red.
Evening star., 1942-06-07
Euonymus Shrub
Lends Beauty
To Garden
Is Particularly
Attractive in
Late Seasons

Euonymus are among the shrubs
which are particularly attractive In
late fall and early winter. The sew
eral deciduous kinds are probably
the most spectacular in appear
ance, but evergreen ones are val
liable In home paintings. too. Two
very satisfactory species are Euony-
mus radicans, or wintercreeper, an
attractive creeper as the name i'm
plies. and Euonymus carrierei, a
heavy-fruiting form that is more
apt to take on a bushy habit than
behave as a climber.
Euonymus are good for founda-
ton paintings, for they are low
growing shrubs or climbers. They are
easy to grow in nearly any situa-
ton, but they are very subject to
scale, and many people do not grow
them on this account. Spraying
them regularly with a miscible oil
either in the fall or late winter
when they are dormant, should keep
them in good condition, however
When gardeners attend to this
spraying regularly Euonymus are
virtually the best low-growing or
climbing evergreens.
There are other evergreen types,
such as Euonymus japonicus. but
they are not reliably hardy in the
central part of the United States
or north of Philadelphia. These are
also subject to scale, so gardeners
might as well make the most of the
varieties of Euonymus radicans
which are perfectly hardy.
Euonymus can be trained In any
shape desired and kept in place
But regular spraying must be prac-
ticed, for they soon become m-
slightly. These are among the really
satisfactory plants, provided you
give them the attention they require.
Evening star., 1942-06-07
Celery Plants
Can Be Grown
BV Amateur
Great Care Needed
If Good Results
Are TO Be Had

Commercially. celery is usually
grown on reclaimed muck land, but
1t may be grown In the home gar
den If given sufficient care. AS 1t
Is a cool weather crop it can be
grown during the winter in the
South: in the North it is generally
handled to mature in the fall. while
In sections where the growing sea-
son is cool it may be harvested
during the entire summer.
The plants must be raised with
great care and take two and a
half months to reach transplanting
size. The seed is fine and germi-
mates slowly so it should be tied
in a muslin bag and soaked over
night. then mixed with an equal
amount of fine dry sand to facili-
tate planting Sow the seeds in
boxes filled with finely sifted, we'll
flrmed soil and cover with Il of
an inch of leaf mold. Keep the
soil from drying out by covering
the boxes with pieces of burlap,
which can be kept moist until ger
mination begins.
1t is necessary to transplant twice
to insure stock plants. Space the
seedlings farther apart each time
until after the second transplanting
they stand inches apart each way
in the fats. This process takes
much time and due to the extra
handling some of the plants may
be lost, but the results are very
much better.
Raising celery plants from seeds
if carried out successfully, requires
much work on the part of the
grower. If your time and space
are limited, it is much better to
buy the plants from an expert when
1t is time to set them out. Due
to its many uses it should be given
room in each home garden.
Evening star., 1942-06-07
Garden Club to Have
MONTHLY Meeting

The Washington Garden Club will
hold its regular monthly meeting
tomorrow at the home Of Mrs.
Alfred P. Shirley. In compensation
for the canceling of the clubs an
nual spring flower show. there will
be a display of plants from the
members gardens. A discussion
and demonstration of flower ar
rangements has also been arranged.
Mrs. Shirley, assisted by Mrs.
Floyd B. Olcott and Mrs. Henry A.
Latane, will serve luncheon at !
o'clock. The meetings of the club
will be discontinued for the summer
months and will be resumed IN
September.
Evening star., 1942-06-07
Hanging Baskets Add
Great Charm to a
Summer Porch

Nothing adds more charm to the
summer porch or outdoor living
room than a few tastefully arranged
and thriving hanging baskets. These
may be bought in many forms, made
of willow, wicker, wire, or wood
covered with bark. The gardener
who is handy with tools can make
his own.
Wire or wicker ones should be
lined with moss, covered with layer
of coarse material to prevent the
soil from being washed out from
watering. Those made of metal
or wood must contain drainage
holes, and the bark covered ones
should contain an inner plant
holder which provides for drainage.
The soil for the baskets should
be thorough mixture of one-fourth
sand, one-fourth humus and one
half loan.
Select tall growing plants for the
center, such as geranium, begonia
or fuchsia. Surround these by some
lower growing specimens such as
Phlox drummondi, alyssum, etc..
and these in turn by trailing. droop-
ing plants like sweet alyssum.
Where these Towering plants are
selected, a sunny exposure must be
given the baskets, or If you prefer
you may make a collection OF
foliage plants such as fern, colers,
ETC., surrounded by ivy, smilax or
wandering Jew. These collections
may be hung in the shade.
Do not crowd the roots, press the
soil firmly around them, and water
with care. Do not allow them to
dry out, but avoid overwatering. ,
Evening star., 1942-06-07
Plant
Is Dependable
For Edgings
P0rtulaca Is Also
Excellent as
Ground Cover
By Martha Pratt Haislib.

OF the many beautiful edging
plants available today, none Is more
completely charming and depend
able than portulaca.
Besides its usefulness as an edging
plant, its effectiveness as a ground
cover is undisputed. Between flag
stones in walks, in the rock garden
or in any sunny dry spot where other
flowers refuse to grow, portulaca is
ideal. 1t thrives on drouth and will
bloom freely in almost any kind OF
soil and provide continuous display
of striking color from early summer
until frost.
So foriferous is this little plant,
whose height never exceeds 4 inches,
that when in flower the inconspicu-
Gus fleshy stems are so covered with
bloom that the bed or border has the
appearance of brightly figured car
pet rather than a planting inter-
rupted by foliage and occasional
flowers.
Both single and double portulacas
are enchanting. The single -flowered
sorts have five petals, darkly
blotched at the base. Closely re-
sembling a miniature rose. perfect
in detail and with such delightful
luminosity of texture that the petals
seem compounded of finely pulver-
lied diamond dust, portulaca is
truly fairy flower.
Double portulaca is precisely like
a tiny double rose. When in bud,
the petals fold over each other with
the prim precision found in the
old fashioned damask rose. AS
border for rose bed, portulaca is
perfect.
Both single and double sorts can
be bought in individual colors and
in mixtures, both Of which covers
a range of colors from snowy white
to pink. yellow, an unusually peachy
buff, bright orange and both crimson
and scarlet. In mass, either the use
of a single color or a mixture will
produce conspicuous color effects.
OF the single-flowered varieties,
the new giant-flowered parana has
proved popular with discriminating
gardeners. This sort features un-
usually large bloom of rich tyrian
purple The petals of this delight
full variety possess a translucency
of texture much admired wherever
grown. Scarlet glow is another ex-
ceptionally brilliant and radiant
flower.
Seeds of portulaca should be sown
in the open ground where the plants
are to grow, though the plants can
be transplarted successfully, but are
SO small that handling them is diff
cult. Thinning is necessary for each
plant to develop fully. Mixing the
extremely fine seed with sand at the
time of sowing makes the task of
even distribution much simpler. A
cloth or burlap sack laid over the
seed until it terminates obviates the
danger of dashing rains washing
away the tiny seeds and speeds
termination.
Occasionally seed saved from dou-
BILE sorts will produce single flowers.
In this event, upon the arrival OF
the first bloom, the plant can be
removed and another substituted in
its place if a bed of entirely double
flowers is wanted.
Portulaca generously seeds itself
from year to year. so that one can
have a continuous planting If care
is taken not to disturb the ground
before the tiny reddish plants ap-
pear.
Evening star., 1942-06-07

iron and vttamin B-l. Goouiy
amounts of calcium, PHOSPHORUS
and copper are also present. The
recovery of stigmaSterol from soy
bean oil has attracted worldwide
attention in recent years; this sub
stance is an important source mate
rial In the preparation of certain sex
horrnones.
There is a striking difference be-
tween the chemical composition of
soybeans and that Of most other
seeds which are used for food. The
unusually high protein content Of
this plant sets 1t apart from other
vegetables, giving it valuable meat
like properties. Nutritionists say
that Y pound Of soybean flour Is
equivalent to 2 pounds Of meat in
protein content. Stranger yet, when
soybeans are powdered and mixed
with water the resulting mass re-
sembles milk both in appearance
and composition "Curds" and
cheese" can actually be made from
this vegetable milk" Soybean curd
is the main source of protein for
Japan's urban population.
Long known as the COW" of the
Orient, the soybean is in fair
way of becoming its sheep" too.
Years of experimenting and research
were eliminated in 1899 when ORR
entail factories began turning out
synthetic wool made from soybean
protein. Some work has been done
along this line in the United States
but it is still in the preliminary
stages.
In recent years number Of ex-
cellent soybean plastics have come
out Of American laboratories. These
are a far cry from the first pieces
developed experimentally back in
1923-on being removed from the
die they would stand for few weeks
then spontaneously crack and shat
ter to bits. Soybean plastics have
been used successfully in the auto
mobile and electrical appliance in
dustries.
A soybean helmet-strong enough
to defect blows up to 10 pounds
was recently announced by the Soy
bean Products Laboratory Of the
United States Department OF Agri-
Evening star., 1942-06-07
A Good Solution for
Common Problem

There's been a problem confront
ing lots OF people living in Wash
ineton and the nearby suburbs
which bids fair to be solved. Many
have complained that they hesitate
to call their patch of yard by the
dienified term of garden" when
its only claim to horticultural fame
consists of a few spindly zinnias,
and some riotous petunias. on the
other hand, people who have
gardens, real, but small, feel dis
inclined for the pretentious title.
So one reader suggests compro-
mise-"yarde1."
Well, that ought to take care OF
something, anyway.
Evening star., 1942-06-07

n SOl iiSoiNtiy eAo"SAA Va oA<S-
grass is the best insurance against
weeds. Lacking soil preparation, we
can still grow a good lawn if we will
feed the bluegrass and in other ways
make up for the lack of humus and
plant food in the soil. Regular fer
tilization, spring aid fall, will help
to keep the bluegrass growing. A
top dressing of well-decomposed hu-
mus, topsoil and fertilizer will do
much to carry the bluegrass through
the summer without being checked
by the summer heat.
In addition to the feeding of the
grass one should make every effort
to see that the grass is properly wa
tered when necessary. Frequent
shallow watering is Of no benefit to
bluegrass, whose roots are fairly
deep. 1t does. however, benefit the
shallow rooted crabgrass which then
thrives, smothering out the blue
grass.
Close cutting is likewise detri-
mental to the growth Of the blue
grass and hence favors the growth
of weeds. The lawn mower should
be set to cut not less than "a inches,
higher is better. Tall grass forces
the weeds into a more upright
growth and hence they are regularly
cut by the mower and so have less
opportunity to set seed. Close cut
ting Cat frequent Intervals does not
give the bluegrass sufficient leaf
surface to build up energy, hence
weakens the plants to such an ex-
tent that they cannot compete with
weeds or summer heat.
To summarize: Proper soil prepa-
ration, regular feeding, water and
moving have much to do with the
control of weeds in the lawn. A
fifth factor is to avoid the spread
ing of manure on the lawn. Manure
usually contains considerable guam
titles of weed seed and hence its
use normally results in the intro
duction of many weeds.
The most common lawn weeds
are crabgrass, dandelion, plantain,
buckhorn (narrow-leaf plantain), g,
chickweed, ground ivy, peppergrass
and sheep sorrel. Less common are
yarrow, trefoil, daisy. buttercup and
spurge. OF these weeds Crabgrass
and chickweed are ANIMALS. All OF
the others are perennials.
One might assume that the SIM
plest control for these two annual
weeds would be to keep them from
going to seed. However, most gar
deners have tried it and realize
that it is not especially practicable
they are extremely prolific and
seemingly always manage to mature
q few seed heads.
On q small lawn one might hand
pull crabgrass and chickweed seed
lings and thus control them, but it
would be long draWn-out job and
a bit hard on the knees and back.
They can be smothered out by COW
ering with tar paper and boards for
a few. days, although this would
make the lawn unsightly for the
time being
The use of chemical weed killers
is of recent origin and offers con-
siderable promise. One may use
iron sulphate, sodium chlorate,
ammonium sulphate or sodium ar
Evening star., 1942-06-07
The Garden Notebook
Photo Courtesy of j. Horace Mcfarland CO

Gardening largely cultivation and spraying
for the control of insects and diseases Jobs
ton will control the weeds well provide mulch for the
conservation Of moisture Deep cultivation to be avoided as it
roots OF plants brings surface
increasing rather than checking evaporation.
Spraying busting should be both regular and
Once week is the minimum frequency Keep both sides of the
foliage covered with the protective material
<s3y
climbing Gambers
that Towering fourth
third of the each Do this the fow
ers have fallen growth starts Some new shoots
flowers Feeding following
pruning and oftentmes will produce scattered bloom
during the of the largeowered climbers such
Dr. Van Fleet, Mary Wallace and Paul's Scarlet
:::;;se;:
Heavy pruning of wara will do much to stimulate flower
formation And nasmuch the growth is much greater
than most trense pergoas will stand the pruning should be
continued during the summer.
e@.E
Fire blight destructive disease of Bartlett pears
sometimes attacks apples prevalent normal this
they and burn them Cut back to healthy wood
xMw
gadious thrps just
tanabe OF course you still have supply it. 1t does not
reduce the unconng OF the foliage does the Paris
e@e
The chaes still running the blossoms roses
especially lighter
ing While they eat the petals it is seldom practical to put enough
spray material into the blossoms to poison them.
t7Ra
1t is desirable Towering ta-bearded
iris before seed pods form This dvers the plants strength the
Of
Some gardeners cut the iris foliage back half this season
in the belief that is desirable practice 1t not good for the
They their surface make normal growth.
ransplanng recommended that the foliage be cut back
but not otherwise
Evening star., 1942-06-07
Dahlias

Dahlias are among the good gar
den flowers that may be planted
rather late. OF course, all garden
makers are familiar with the usual
dahGas, but some do not know the
dwarf varieties. Dwarf dahlias are
well worth adding to the amateurs
planting list.
Evening star., 1942-06-07
GARDEN NE w s.
Work for Good Lawns
Proper Preparation of the Soil
Will Help in Weed Control
By ". H. Youngman

II.
The splendid velvety green generally up
which should
tuar favorable growth Of bluegrass
dependable lawn this However
southern limit Of its growth.
seldom treated a
satisfactorily seemingly
control the weeds Wedy lawns
velvety appearance admire.
controlling
Evening star., 1942-06-07
Wonder Crop of the Orient
No Food Has Greater Possibilities
Than the Remarkable SOybean
By Rebecca Woodicard

soybeanhat wonder Of the oen-s patiently AL things
to printing Modern
teamed together to convert this remarkable
startling Of nonfood products utterly different
Varnishe celud msecti
pascs electrical insulation And the end Of the
Authorities that AL in ALL other food
possibilities industrial expansion the soybean
nutrition the -four performer. One
available ybeans especially rich In
Evening star., 1942-06-07
Cutting Grass

Do not allow the grass to grow
taller than 3 inches before moving
and do not clip shorter than Ia
inches. If clipped shorter, damage
may result during dry, hot weather.