davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Waterbury Democrat., 1942-03-18

March i8 --(UP)-- Lieut.. Gen. George H. Brett, deputy supreme commander of Allied southwest Pa- ciflc forces, has awarded the dis- tlnguished flying cross to three American pilots for extraordinary herolsm in the southern Pacific, it was announced today.
 The awards went to Lieut.. Col. Emmett O'Donnell, Jr., of New York, just promoted from major: Capt. Harry B. Gaiusha, and First Lieut.. Julius B. Summers, Jr., of Tennes- see.
 It was the first announcement made by United States army forces in Australia.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1942-03-18
Full Weather Report

Boston, March ls-(uP)-weather forecast;
 MASsA AcHUsETTs-Llttie change in temperature tonight. Light show CTS in tho BcrkshiFcB after mid"
 CONNECTTCUT and RHODE Is- LAND-Llttle change In tempera' turh tonight.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1942-03-18
NEW COMMANDER
 OF EAST COAST
Continued from Page D

Besides directing protection q these shores from attack and, counter measures against suhmar- ines, he also is responsible for the movement and safety of merchant ships within his district.
 He had bee fcomfnandant of the Third Naval District since March 10, 1041, when he relieved Admiral Clark H. Woodward. Colncidentaily, he assumed command of the North Atlantic coastal frontier, including sea defengcg from Newfoundland to Cape Hatterag. The North At- lantic naval coastal frontier was merged with the Eastern sea from tier last month, and when Admiral Andrews took over his new com mand he asked to be relieved of his other duties.
 Admiral Marquart, formerly h charge of the Cavite Naval Base in Manila Bay and commander of the Yangtze river patrol when Japanese planes sank the American gunboat Panay in 1898, became commander of the Navy Yard on June 2, iea1.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1942-03-18

serviceable condition had failed.
 "There were no personnel caeaial- ties in the cases Of the Sea Lion and the Stewart.
 There is nothing to report from other areas"
The Waterbury Democrat., 1942-03-18

Iran shipped over 70,000. 900 pounds of almonds to other eossn- tries in four months.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1942-03-18

BUSINESSMAN HALE
 Alan Hale is one of the few Holly wood actors who maintains 0 bust. ness office away from his home.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1942-03-18

Anoricaa Pilots Get Awards
 United States Air Corps Head- dllarteFa, Somewhere in Australia
The Waterbury Democrat., 1942-03-18
RAMON DEVALERA.
 SENDS MESSAGE

tcontlnued from Page D
The Waterbury Democrat., 1942-03-18
COMBINED AIR
 FORCES AT WORK

(Continued from Page D
The Waterbury Democrat., 1942-03-18
RAILWAY HEAD
 IS TURNED DOWN

(continued from Page D
Evening star., 1942-02-18
Pioneer From the Hill Country

There yas the ,Uind and the loD
dull thunder
And the last flight south curptno
under
The distant skyline and lost to pie,o,
And a0hat 1Das that homeSick 1Doman
to do
But stir the jam and shift the kettle
And raise gray aust and match 1t
settle
Behind the strokes of the buckbnsh
broom
And set the table and red the room9
To Dork beyond this dark quick
yearntng
With the throat gone dry and the
eyelidS burning.
Then the thud of the buckbush on
the floor
And an unsteady hand finotng bach
the door =
Where she stared at the ,Dheat and
its spanIess ioonder,
Filling her heart until the grief
turned under. $
ANOBEL ARMOUR.
Evening star., 1942-02-18
The Shaw Survives

To any one who recalls the shock
ing pictures Of the destroyer Shaw
aflame in a wrecked drydock at Pearl
Harbor on December last, the an
nouncement Of her resurrection and
return to the West Coast under her
own power is altoge ther amazing.
The japanese boaSted that the Shaw
was destroyed-and well they might
from what they saw after she had
been hit repeatedly by bombs, one Of
which exploded her magazine and
demolished her forward section.
Official Navy photographs showed
her squirting huge clouds OF smoke.
But, like her predecessor Of the
same name, the U. s. S. Shaw has
come back from a watery grave,
albeit seriously damaged. The first
destroyer Shaw was cut in half in
the English Channel in October, 1918,
when the British liner Aquitania,
carrying troops, collided with her on
a foggy night. The after part Of the
ship remained afloat, however, and
was brought into port by her youthful
skipper, who today is Vice Admiral
William A. Glassford, commander of
the ASiatic Fleet. The old Shaw was
fitted with a new bow and she con-
tinued with the fleet until 1925.
Today's Shaw also Is being equipped
with new bow, after sailing across
the Pacific with a temporary snub
nose installed at Pearl Harbor. The
salvage and impending restoration of
the Shaw show clearly that our Navy
is making encouraging progress in
the arduouS task of repairing the
damage inflicted by the Japanese at
Pearl Harbor.
Evening star., 1942-02-18
Runeoon

The fall of Singapore greatly in
creases the menace to Rangoon. Mo-
mentarily, there was some doubt as
to whether the japanese would turn
east or west from the Malay Pen
insula. But they have answered that
question by expanding in both direc-
tions simultaneously, and the peril
to the capital of Burma is acute.
British defenders, it has been an
nounced, are falling back from their
Salween River line.
Rangoon itself, unfortunately, has
no Notifications worthy of the name.
The enemy's bomberS already have
raided the neighborhood repeatedly,
despite courageous and effective in
reference on the part of United
Nations fighters, among whom
Americans are numbered. 1t is un-
derstood that there are military sta
tions and equipment at Mingalodon,
approximately twelve miles north of
the capitals but these are hardly
equal to the city's present need.
Meanwhile, the sprawling Burmese
metropolis represents natural
target for the invaders. The famous
Shwe Dagon pagoda, built allegedly
in 588, B. c., rises 370 feet against
the sky and, being covered to its
summit with pure gold, constitutes
beacon easily seen from great dis
tance. Around it cluster the temples
and churches of BuddhistS Hindus,
Moslems, ParSees, Jews and Chris
tians. Rangoon is one of the relig-
iouS centers of the world.
It's sacred connotationS, however,
have not saved the community from
attack Not merely because it is the
terminus of the Burma road, but like
wise because it is port ranking with
Calcutta and Bombay and a manu-
featuring site noted for Its ore and
oil refining plants, rice mills and
timber yards, Rangoon has vast
strategic Importance. It's wealth is
prodigious. No other city OF the
Evening star., 1942-02-18
Huskin's Answers
To Questions
By Frederic J.. Hdsktn.

A reader can get the ans,Der to any
question OF fact by torittng The Epe-
ming Stor Information Bureau, Fred
eric J. Haskin, director, Washington.
D. c. Please tnclose stamp for reply.
@. How long has there been a Federal
income tax?-M. w. r.
A. The Federal Government adopted
an income tax in 1862-1872 to help
finance the Civil War. The tax Of 1894
was declared unconstitutional and it
was not until the sixteenth amendment
to the Constitution was ratified In 1918
that Federal taxation Of personal income
was made valid.
@. Why is the word Jumbo" used to
mean "large"?-W. N. T.
A. 1t derives from the name Of Bar
NUNS famous elephant Jumbo, pur-
chased from the London Geological Gar
dens, where he had been used to carry
children on his back.
@. Was there really an English king
who stood on a stool at his coronation?-
T. D. o.
A. This is said of William III At his
coronation in 1859 he stood on a stool
because he was shorter in stature than
his wife Mary.
Evening star., 1942-02-18
THIS AND THAT
By Charles E. Trdcepell.

especially, because 1t Is well known that
they will desert the place II their thickets
are too much cleaned out to suit them.
Sincerely yours, e. A. c."
Robins were seen in the District OF
Columbia during the first few days of
February. but the present writer has not
seen one up to the time Of this writing.
Our observations for many years reveal
that we never have them first In our
own back yard, but invariably see them
up the street way.
Then one fine day, usually toward the
end Of February or in early March. we
look out the front door and there one is,
as large as ever, trying to find a worm
in the lawn.
This first robin always strikes US as the
most nonchalant Of all robins. The robin
Is truly nonchalant bird, but somehow
this very first one Of every spring seems
to outdo them all in this respect.
What we are doing, of course, is mar
yelling all over again at each returning
spring at the perfect poise of this
splendid creature. There is no doubt at
all that it could hop into the air and let
a golf ball 60 whizzing past. 1t Is that
sort Of bird.
Early robins are put to it upon occasion
to find something to eat.
This Is when the householder wants
to help them, and he may if he remem-
Hor hot ilo or Il oici,,
fried bread, cake and ground meat.
Bread and milk crumbled into
shallow pan might be tried
1t Is not long before spring brings
plenty of worms for them, but during
those trying cold days, especially if
sharp freeze sets in just after they
arrive, the robins have their claws full
trying to keep alive.
There are no fresh fruits for them, and
the ground is too hard for them to get
at the worms.
!, Hence anything the careful and kindly
householder can do for them is putting
conservation into effect in a very prac-
tical way.
1t is one thing to approve Of conserva-
tion work Intellectually, and quite an
other to take part in it.
This is true In all walks of life. The
speaker smugly bellows "complacency" at
citizens, but what can the citizen do?
Does the man want him to roll over and
play dead to show that he is not COM
placent?
So with conservation. There are
Amentably few ways in which the aver
age citizen can do anything about it.
One of the best in ordinary life is to
help keep our beautiful American birds
alive and well
Trying times are ahead for them, too.
Every person who feeds them in time of
need is not only doing good deed. but
he also is helping to conserve one Of our
country's greatest assets. its bird life,
which helps make agriculture possible,
at the same time it entertains, instructs
and inspires millions of people.
Evening star., 1942-02-18
Back to Work

The news that the West Coast
welders have decided to call of their
strike for an autonomous union and
return to their jobs on vital defense
work will be welcomed throughout
the country. But the fact that the
strike has been called of will not
soften public condemnation of the
walkout.
1t may be that the welders, from a
union organizational standpoint,
have a meritorious case. But no
intraunion grievance, however well
founded, can remotely justify their
attempt to use the Nations urgent
military need as an instrument to
enforce their demands.
In announcing the end of the strike
for the duration of the war, a spokes-
man for the welders said "the boys
have swallowed their pride" He
might more appropriately have said
that they have swallowed their
shame.
Evening star., 1942-02-18

confidence between citizens and their
Government" as Justice Murphy put
1t in a concurring opinion.
The Justice Department had
viewed this case as highly impor-
tant because of the current war pro-
duction program, considering, right
ly, that a victory would give the
Government another powerful weap-
on to deal with war profits. As 1t
turned out, however, Congress will
have to act If more Is to be done in
this direction. OF course, the Gov
ernment long since has abandoned
the type Of agreement which led to
the inordinate Bethlehem profits
and properly so.
Evening star., 1942-02-18
Forward Step

The bill creating a recreation
board for the District having been
reported out favorably by the Sen
ate. District Committee, it is to be
hoped the Senate itself will act
swiftly to make this long-Sought leg
islation effective. 1t is the culmina-
ton Of a ten-year struggle to bring
order out of chaos in this field.
The bill approved by the committee
Is substantially the bill which passed
the House. 1t would set up seven
member board including a Commits
sioner, representative of the Board
of Education, representative of the
Office of National Capital Parks and
four citizens to be named by the
Commissioners. This board will ap-
point a superintendent of recreation
under whom will be operated the pro-
grams now carried on through park,
school board and District facilities.
In view of the united Endorsement by
the agencies involved of the original
bill as it passed the House, Chairman
McCarran of the Senate committee
withdrew the proposed amendment
to make the Commissioners the ap-
pointing agency for recreation per-
sonnel. 1t was inability to agree on
this amendment which had long
held up approval of the bill.
Speedy passage Of the measure by
the Senate will enable District au-
thorities to consider changes in the
recreation budget for the coming
fiscal year with the knowledge that
the uncertainty concerning admin
iStration is over, and also make pos
sible an effective approach to the
problem of providing additional IA
cilitieS for the incoming Government
population. Large Withdrawals of
recreation properties for defense
purposes make it more essential than
ever that other properties, now in
District ownership but undeveloped
for use, be converted into play areas
before arrival of the summer months.
Evening star., 1942-02-18
War Profits

The Government will be out about
$12,000,000 as the result of the Su-
preme Court decision upholding con-
tracts negotiated with the Bethlehem
Shipbuilding Corp. in the First World
War. But it is difficult to see how
the attack directed at the company's
profits could have been sustained in
the absence of showing of fraud.
The litigation, which has been
dragging through the courts for two
decades, grew out of the construction
of eighty-three cargo vessels and
tankers under an arrangement by
which the Government was to pay
actual cost plus fixed profit of about
10 per cent of the estimated cost, and
on top of this, a So-called bonus for
savings" of so per cent of the amount
by which the actual cost of the vessel
fell below the estimated cost. The
theory on which this latter feature
rested was that the bonus would en-
courage economies in construction in
an era of highly uncertain costs,
and that the company was entitled to
share in any savings that resulted.
The actual cost of construction
ultimately was determined as $685.
100000, as against an estimate in
excess of $119,00O,0OO and the COM
pany collected $20,000000 in profits
before the Government sued for an
accounting and recovery, contending
that Bethlehem had taken advantage
of national needs, and had enforced
extortionate terms. In countersuit,
however, a special master ruled that
Bethlehem still was entitled to more
than $5,OO0,O00 and this finding was
upheld in the lower courts, which
condemned the contracts as "high-
way robbery" and commercial
greed" but said that the Fleet Cor
poration had negotiated them with
open eyes, and that they we're not so
extortionate as to be unepforceable.
This essentially is the conclusion of
the Supreme Court in the 1bur-to-tw
decision read by Justice 7lack. The
court accepted the finding of the
lower tribunals that there had been
no fraud, and said THAI the other
elements depended upon hy the Gov
ernment-dureSs and profits grossly
in excess of customary Standards
were missing. Justice Black pointed
out that Congress had taken certain
steps, including taxation, to cope with
the recurrent problem of war profits,
and that perhaps new remedies were
required-"but if the Executive is in
need of additional laws by which to
protect the Nation against war prof
iteering, the Constitution has given to
Congress, not to this court, the power
to make them"
Justice Frankfurter, dissenting, de-
clared that courts nee1 not be the
agents of a wrong that offends their
conscience if they heed the COM
mands of law" but the fact remains
that what the Government actually
sought in this case wei to have the
courts rewrite a contract to which
its agents had agreedl a procedure
mot conducive to mutual trust and
Evening star., 1942-02-18
CLYDESDALE PLACE.

Dear Sir:
Some Of us who read your daily
column with much interest hope that you
will tell us Just what day you see the
first robin, that herald Of the springtime.
and just how he acts.
"A fine place to see the birds OF early
springtime is upon some golf course, the
great open spaces, and robins particu-
larly. Arlington National Cemetery Is q
place, too, where one Is apt to see robins
very early in the spring. They seem to
like the hillsides where the warm sun
shine will protect them from the chilly
winds from the North.
Those numerous robins that habitu-
ally frequent the golf courses have be-
come marvelously dextrous in avoiding
flying golf balls, but occasionally they are
hit and killed. A sad sight it is to see a
poor dead robin lying in the fairway
with his head mashed to pulp, and then
to realize that, for once at least, he
failed to see the flying golf ball or else
failed to jump in time to avoid it. How
ever, most of the time they obviously see
q flying or rolling ball coming because
they will wait until 1t Is almost upon
them, then neatly and quickly hop into
the air and allow the ball to go on its
way almost as though they were con-
temptuous Of it. Considering the number
Of robins on the course, seemingly hun
dreds of them, compared to the number
that are obviously killed by flying golf
balls, the ratio of the killed to those
that survive is very low. Nothing can be
done about it; it does no good to call
fore from the tee to band Of beautiful
robins a hundred yards down on the
fairway diggin' up worms. No golfer
likes to have his ball hit or kill a bird.
On the contrary it frequently spoils the
day for him if he does accidentally strike
a bird on the fairway. And there are
other tragedies not of golf ball making
to be seen at times on the fairways
Sometimes one comes upon a bunch of
feathers and realizes all too well that
death has struck some songbird from q
predatory night bird Of the woods ad-
jacent to the golf course.
How many golfers, hunting for a lost
ball, down on hands and knees, perhaps,
have accidentally uncovered q part
ridges nest, all neatly covered with dry
grass to hide it from the prying eyes of
predatory crows and full Of large speckled
eggs? At such times the entire foursome
will gather around to see the eggs, but
forebear to touch them; then the nest Is
carefully covered up again with dry grass,
just as it was discovered, and the players
60 on their way. Dear to all golfers is the
whistle Of the partridges upon their golf
courses, and they would hang man
higher than Hamen who would wantonly
disturb their partridges on their nests
when accidentally discovered. A Covey or
two or three of quail upon the golf course
is a matter of pride to the greens COM
mittee, and few coverts Of dense brush
and shrubbery is always left for them
Evening star., 1942-02-18
To the Editor of The Star:

To the Editor of The Star:
AS Government worker, in one Of the
main defense agencies, I am compelled
to work an additional hour daily, also
at times until II pm. and Sundays. Our
half holiday on Saturday has been
abolished. All this without additional
compensation. I realize that these
emergency measures probably are ne
cessary-with more to come-and I am
doing my bit" uncomplainingly. How
ever, my beef" is about the attitude of
department store owners who will not
keep open at least one night a week, to
afford Uncle Sans nieces and nephews
shopping time so as to appear on the
Job in presentable condition. Seems to
me that their sales records must have
suffered with no time left to Govern
ment employees to shop, as they are the
ones who, at present, must form the
bulk of their patronage.
Ltrust they will see the error of their
ways and merit the gratitude Of the de-
partmental soldiers" H. L. H.
(Note: Department stores have been
studying the practicability and advisa-
bility Of remaining open one night a
week. There are. many problems in
volved which require, and are receiving.
serious consideration)
Evening star., 1942-02-18
More Aid to Russiu

In emphasizing that deliveries OF
American supplies to Russia will be
up to the scheduled pace by the first
Of March. the President may have
been Influenced by desire to pre-
vent disasters In the Far East from
binding the American people to the
Importance Of maintaining our Allies
engaged in the fight on the European
fronts.
The stakes in the Far East ad-
mittedly are great. In two short
months Japan has advanced to a
point where she now threatens to
overrun the last of the Allied out
posts in that theater, and under
these circumstances it is not at all
surprising that many people should
be urging that we place our major
emphasis on the halting of the
Mikado's forces
Yet the Importance of the Euro
pean front cannot be overlooked.
Hitler without a doubt will strike
again in great force when weather
conditions permit. This spring Of
fensive may come in the form of a
renewed drive into Russia, an attack
on British positions in the Middle
East, or it may be that he will move
in some new direction. But one
thing Is certain. He cannot escape
the necessity of opposing huge armies
and vast quantities of equipment to
the Russians, and as long as he is so
heavily engaged on that front his
striking power in any other theater
must be correspondingly limited. 1t
may be too much to hope that Hit
ler's power will be broken in Eastern
Europe this year. But there is no
gainsaying the fact that the great
opportunity is there With adequate
American aid to Russia, Hitler may
break himself against the Russian
armies. Without that help Russia
cannot break him, and he may even
achieve the victory for which he has
paid so heavily, but which still eludes
him.
Our problem is the same old tragic
story we simply have not the
strength to be fully strong in all
places. That which we have or will
have must be apportioned some
here, some there-as may be dictated
by military necessity. Laymen can
not possibly determine the extent to
which a defeat in one theater may
be compensated for by the diversion
Of material intended for some other
front. This is the responsibility of
the experts, men whose lives have
been devoted to preparation for the
making of such decisions. They may
make errors of judgment, for they are
human and. therefore. fallible. But
the fact remains that they are better
equipped for the job than the anna
teur strategists, and they should be
free to base their decisions exclusively
on prevailing military considerations.
This is not a time when they should
be influenced by popular demands or
political motivations.