davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Washington Journal., 1942-02-06

"Darnach zog er fur elm stat mi namen
Sandtodero dar inn warren drey kong
und XIV tausendt menschen jung und alt.
Err mocht der nit gewynei sunder NIT
schanten must er dar Won. Darnach aber
drew monat do ergaben sic SIGH nit will
len. En- ertodt die kong NIT allen volck.'
In other words, some one within Mangup
treacherously surrendered the impregnable
stronghold to the Turks. The terms of the
capitulation were violated by the Turks
slaughter or enslavement of their Goth
prisoners.
Confirmation of this surmise is given by
a contemporary Italian writer, the already
mentioned Teodoro Spandugino, who lived in
STEAMBOAT and, mastering the Turkish lang
uage, got much Of his information from OF
toman sources. He wrote in his book on the
Ottoman Sultans:
'sThen seeing that the prince of Gothia
had usurped the state, and done away
with his elder brother, Muhammed sent
one of his governors-general and the lat
ter besieged the prince. He was surrend-
cred on condition that lives and property
be spared. But Muhammed bringing him
to STEAMBOAT ordered him to be beheaded,
saying to him: THE pledge which my Off
Ger promised, let him keep it. And Mu-
manned made the princes little son be-
come a Turk, whom I saw still alive,
when I was last in STEAMBOAT"
In 1873 Martin Bronevski, ambassador OF
King Stephen Batory Of Poland to the Cri-
mean khan Muhammed- Girei II, visited the
- r. NTooo,x onJ 41,1c 1o1o+od what had
happened there:
'HThe city was snatched by the infdel and
most cruel people Of the Turks after an
assurance of impunity had been granted
to two dukes there, uncle and nephew of
the prince. The assurance was violated.
Those princes were taken to CONSTANT
nople and treacherouslyy slain"
A Turkish chronicle by Ashiq-Pasha-Zad
(14OO-84) relates that the Turkish besiegers
of Mangup after a preliminary withdrawal
were let into an open passage OF the strong
hold. Thereupon many Of the inhabitants
came out. The Turks slew those who re-
manned within, but took the chiefs to the Sui
tan in STEAMBOAT and gave their wives and
daughters as gifts to the Sultan's officials.
Those chiefs we're beheaded."
After the fall of Theodoro-Mangup the
churches there, by order of the Sultan, we're
converted into mosques. The walls Of the
fortress were levelled, the houses within the
walls were burned. Those Of the inhabitants
who survived the final slaughter were sold
into slavery. It was the end Of Gothia in the
Crimea. Nothing but the barest ruins remain
to indicate how the Cloths lived and ruled in
the Crimea.
Washington Journal., 1942-02-06
(CONcluSion)
Betwixt Devil and Deep Sea

Betwixt Devil and Deep Sea
In March, 1861, a few months before the
capture of Co%nstantinople by Michael Palae-
ologus, the Genoese and Pisans entered an
offensive and defensive alliance with him
against Venice, which now had a colony at
Soldaia. The Genoese colony of Caffa became
the most important Crimean seaport.
Between the Russians in the north, the La
tin Eastern Empire in the south, the Italians
on the coasts, and the Tartars in the interior,
the Gothic rulers ceased to be Crimean over
lords, while their Germanic warrior class Tin
German: "Schwert Adel') assimilated the
speech, customs and manners of the Tartars,
retaining only their Athanasian Christianity.
In a "History of Palaeologus" his contem-
porary, Georgios Pachymeres (1242-1310)
wrote: Gin the Taurian Peninsula the Cloths
mixed with the Noghai-Tartars. They adopt
ed their customs and garb, spoke their tongue
and became their allies"
Marine Sanudo, the Elder, an Italian, who
Travelled in the Crimea in 1884, wrote to King
Philip VI of France, describing the Cloths
there as submerged by the Tartars.
Thereafter the Genoese preferred to deal
with the ruling Tartars on the plain rather
with the cowed Gothians in the mountains.
This was revealed by Genoa's commercial
treaties with the Tartars, negotiated at Caffa
in 1880. 1881 and 1887, wherein it was stipu-
lated that "Gothia with its settlements and
people who are Christian, from Cimbaro to
Soldaia, shall belong to the Great Commune
(Genoa)'', whereas it was understood that
pagans and Mohametans there should be con
sidered as belonging to the Tartars.
According to the historian Vassiliev, men
toned already, the parties to those treaties
meant by "Gothia' the narrow strip of coast
from Balaklava to Sudak, the so-called rip
aria marina Gotta, bounded on the north by
the mountains Of Yaila. The major part Of
| Gothia in the mountainous region Of the Cri-
mea, however, was not included in those trea-
ties. 1t continued to be governed by its own
| Germanic princes.
SO the heart Of Gothia was no longer a
powerful kingdom, but a small Independent
principality, whose sovereigns with their
mobiles Of the sword still chung to Mangup as
their impregnable stronghold on the noun
tain top. Yet a Constantinopolitan writer of
the early 18th century, Teodoro Spandugino,
rated the princes of Gothia as equal to those
| of Bulgaria, Wallachia and Serbia.
One Of those Gothic princes Of Mangup,
bearing the Christian name Demetrius, while
allied to the Tartars in, the Crimea, was de
feated by Olgerd and Vitovt, two Lithuanian
dukes, who fought the Tartars in the steppes
north Of the Crimea.
Washington Journal., 1942-02-06
kkkkkbkkRkk

meaning Teodoro-Mangup), where there we're
three princes and $4,000 Cloths, but he could
not take it and was compelled to withdraw
shamefully. Then, three months later, some
one within the citadel surrendered voluntar-
lily. The Turk killed the princes with all the
folk.
Washington Journal., 1942-02-06
lEnglische Erlauterung).

Alaric, a famous king of the Cloths, 80
40 A. d., who fell in battle against the Ro-
mans in northern Italy after having overrun
Greece, Thrace, nlyria and Italy, finally sack
ing Rome, died Of his wounds at Cosenza near
Verona. According to legend he was buried
in the dry bed Of a side stream Of the Busento,
after which a channel was dug from the main
stream, turning the waters of the river over
the royal grave. According to the same le-
gend, those Roman war prisoners, whom
Alaric's Cloths had forced to dig the channel
and the grave, were slain Immediately after
ward, lest they betray the burial place of the
dead king.
A few years ago, during canalisation of the
Busento near Cosenza, some laborers found
traces Of an antique burial. italian archaic
ologists Unidentified the remains fragments
Of a Germanic long sword, spear, shield, sad
die, bride, necklace, bracelets, finger ring and
the bones Of a tall man, a horse and a dog)
as those Of a Germanic chieftain Of the 4th
century after Christ. In a mass grave nearby
were found the bones of a score of men OF
smaller stature than that Of the presumed
ehieftain. The mass grave was devoid OF
weapons or jewelry. The find was heralded
in the Italien press as "the grave of Alaric
the First.
Washington Journal., 1942-02-06
SO American Correspondents in Enemy Hands

An urgent request that the State Depart
ment seek the Immediate release Of American
newspaper correspondents now held by enc
my countries was sent to Secretary of State
Hull by the Overseas Press Club.
The club president, Burnet Hershey, said
so correspondents are in the hands Of the
enemy, many unheard Of by their relatives or
editors in America since the United States
went to war.
Washington Journal., 1942-02-06

Citizens of German blood in this
war, as in every other war in which
the United States have had a part,
certainly should not let themselves be
out-done by other groups. We are
all American citizens and we stand
as one in the defense of our nation.
Washington Journal., 1942-02-06

overran Gothia and reinstated the oldest son
of the fugitive Tartar khan as ruler in the
Crimea.
Now came the turn of Maritime Gothia
and it's capital, Mangup. Jorg Won Niirnberg
says the Turks assembled to Mangup, which he
calls ''Santodero" evidently San Teodoro,
Washington Journal., 1942-02-06
Last Commissions Of Gothia

Golobei's father, Alexis of Theodore, gave
the Genoese much trouble. In 1883 he made
war against their colony Caffa and captured
their port of Cembalo, wherein he was aided
and abetted by Hadji Girei, the Tartar khan
of the Crimea. A peace finally was concluded
in 1441 by the mediation of the Sultan of
Solkhat, who confirmed the restoration of
Caffa and Cimbalo to the Genoese.
During Alexis rule over Gothia, 1403-47,
Giosafato Barbara, a Venetian traveller, pas
sed by there in 1436-37. Afterward he wrote:
"Behind the island of Capha, which
stands on the Major Sea, is la Gotthia'.
The Cloths speak German C'Tedesco'),
which / know by a German servant Gun
famiglo Tedesco'), who was with me
there. He talked with them and under
stood them well enough, just as we under
stand a man from Forli or from Flor
ence. From the neighborhood of the
Alani | suppose their lame Gotialni to
be derived, for the Alani were first in
this place, then came tthe Cloths and con
quered these countries, mingling their
name with the Alani."
Alexis died in 1447 and his death was fol
lowed almost Immediately by that of his old
est son, who had gone to Trebizond with his
wife, whence she hailed. So Alexis was sue
ceeded by his second SON., Olobei. At the out
set Of Golobei' S rule over the principally the
Ottoman Turks made their first appearance
on the shores of Gothia.
The Turkish Sultan Murad II 1421-51)
had sent a war feet to the Crimea. The
Turks landed and overran all Of Gothia but
Mangup. When the Turks departed they
took with them many prisoners from Gothia,
whom they sold as slaves in Asia Minor.
Under the threat Of another Turkish inva-
sion the Genoese at Caffa entered into an al
lance with Gothia. The Tartar khan, Hadji
Girei, allied himself with the Turks. On July
II, 1854 a Turkish fleet attacked Caffa. The
colony had to pay a ransom and promised an
nual tribute to the Turkish sultan. The day
after that agreement the Turks descended
upon the shores of Gothia and burned the
towns and villages there.
Washington Journal., 1942-02-06
Das Grab i'm Bus ento
Graf august 0 Hdllermand

Nachtlich am Busento lispeln bel Cosenza
dumpfe Lieder;
Aus den Wassern schallt es Antwort, und in
Wirbeln klingt es wieder!
Und den Fluss hinauf, hinunter ziehn die
Schatten tapfrer Gotten,
Die den Alarich beweinen, hires Volkes besten
Totem.
Allzufruh und fern der Heimat mussten hier
sic Inn begraben,
Wahrend noch die Jugendlocken seine Schulz
ter blond umgaben.
Und am Ufer DIES Busento reihten sic SIGH
UNI die Wette,
I'm die Stromung abzuleiten, gruben sic Elm
frisches Bette.
In der wogenleeren Hohlung wihlten sic en-
por die Erde,
Senkten tief hinein den Leichnam, nit der
Rustung, auf dem Pferde.
Deckten damn NIT Erde wieder inn und seine
stole Habe,
Dass die hohen Stromgewachse wGchsen aus
dem Heldengrabe.
Abgelenkt yum zweiten Male, ward der Fluss
herbeigezogen:
Machtig in ihr altes Bette schaumten die
Busentowogen.
Und es sang elm Choir Won Mannern: ,,Schlaf
in deinen Heldenehren!
Keines Romers schnode Habsucht soil dir Je
dein Grab versehren!'
Sangen's, und die Lobgesange tonten fort i'm
Gotenheere;
Walze sic, Busentowelle, walze sic Won Nicer
zu Mere!
Graf Platen lebte wahrend der romantischen Periodic in
der deutschen Literatur. In Munchen erzogen, begab er
SIGH mach Norddeutschland, wo er sich durch seine frelhelt-
lichen Lieder den Beh0rden unliebsam machte. Er fand
Zuflucht in ItaIen. bort fand er Anregung zu vielen Ge-
dichten. Err starb i'm Hause zines sizilianischen Cast
freundes zu Syrakus. Unlangst settle linn dort Mussolm
elm sch0nes Grabdenkmal.
Washington Journal., 1942-02-06

Unsere Regierung hat die Wehr-
macht unseres Landes yum Schutze
ihrer Rechte und Freiheiten aufge-
boten. ALE Amerikaner ohne Inter
schied der Geburt und Herkunft,
darunter die Landesburger deutschen
Blutes, stehen in diesem Kriege elm
mitig hinter ihrer Regierung. Anne
rika list unser Land, das Land unse-
rer Kinder, das zu schitzen jetzt
unsere h0chste Aufgabe list.
Washington Journal., 1942-02-06
FORMS
Linirnent

Sober, Der an rbeumatiI6en uno
nerraIgi19en 99ner5en lei6et, mill
Iofortige Q~inoerling bnben. 9ie dliBer@
li9e @egentpirtung bon SDrnt's
&eil=SeI Eminent ipirft idnen uno
bringt tuiItommene 2inberung bon ben
0uaIen bon rbeumatii6en un0 ner@
rnIgiiden S6mer5en, n~ristul0ien
Rideni6mer5en, fteifen ober i6mer@
5enoen M1sfeIn, 8errenfungen, StoB@
irlnoen ober 1eritau6unger, iuden@
ben o6er brennenben SiBen ~ ipie Die
erfolgrei9e g~rfnbrung bon Snufen0en
felt iiber So Snbren betpieien bat.
Sei[sCel 1T elm ~linbernbes, antiieps
tff6es f6mer5ftilenbes Neittel, oas
Iofort rei6es, rotes Blut in Die geS
f9tpouenenL irritierten, fdmer5en6eu
8egerben 3iebt. &aufen Sic nod beute
cine SIaf6e &eil=Sel Eminent uno
genieBen Sic feIbit Die @orteiIe ieiner
ipobltnenben, beiIen6en 8drme.
Washington Journal., 1942-02-06
Wir sind allie Amerikaner

Wir betrachten allie Krie-
ge ais bedauerlich. Aber,
wenn elm Volk NIT Krieg
uberzogen wird und bis es
einen ehrenhaften Frieden
erringen mag, ware es YER
heerend, zu unterliegen. Da-
her halten wiz es fir die
Pficht aller treuen ameri-
kanischen Burger, allies in
ihrer Macht zu tun, unserem
Lande, den Vereinigten
Staten Won
yum Siege zu verhelfen,
Washington Journal., 1942-02-06

Graf Platen lebte wahrend der romantischen Periodic IN
der deutschen Literatur. In Minchen erzogen, begab er
SIGH mach Norddeutschland, wo er sich durch seine freiheit
ichen Lieder den Beh0rden unlebsam machte. En- fand
Zuflucht in Italien. bort fand er Anregung zu vielen Ge-
dichten. Err starb i'm Hause zines sizilianischen Cast
freundes zu Syrakus. Unlangst settle linn dort Mussolini
elm schOnes Grabdenkmal.
Washington Journal., 1942-02-06
We Are All Americans

We hold all wars to be
deplorable. Once a nation
is drawn into war, however,
unless an honorable peace
may be secured betimes, it
would be disastrous to be
beaten in that war. There
fore we hold it the duty of
all loyal American citizens
to do all in their power to
help our country, the United
States of America, to win
its present war.
Washington Journal., 1942-02-06

Two years later the Turks stormed Con-
stantinople and put an end to its Latin en-
pire. It's name was changed to STEAMBOAT. In
the same year Muhammed wrested Athens
from the Franks and conquered all Greece
with the Peloponesus. In 1851 Trebizond,
the capital of the Greek Empire on the Black
Sea and nearest n~eighbor to the ,Crimea
passed into the hands of the Turks. It was
clear that the Crimea would be the Turks
next prey.
In 1853, shortly before the knell of doom
for the Cloths in the Crimea, Olebei died. His
elder son Isaac was murdered by his brother
Alexander, who thus became the last ruler of
Gothia. His sister Maria had married
Stephen the Great, a Prince of Moldavia.
The end of Gothia was FASTENED by discord
between the Crimean Tartars and their khan.
He fed to Caffa, where the Genoese supported
him. His former Tartar subjects appealed
to Muhammed II, at STEAMBOAT. That sultan
wanted nothing better that Turkish interven-
ton in the Crimea.
On May 81, 1475, a strong Turkish feet,
commanded by Muhammed's grand vizier,
appeared before Caffa. After five days of
assault Caffa surrendered. Soon afterward
the Turks took Soldaia (Sudak), a forishing
seaport Of Maritime Gothia, after an heroic
defence by its Gothic inhabitants.
According to Jorg Won Nirnberg's Gee
schichte Won der Turkey, an ~incunabulum
printed at Memmingen in 1896, the Turks
Evening star., 1942-08-30

on its safety. Subversive activity,
officials feel, has to be attacked as
it is planned. as whole They don't
want one place protected and
another under protected. The inter-
relation of facilities is important
For instance, a bridge may be un-
important and not considered
worthy of protection by an agency
because of its use as bridge but
what happens to that bridge, might
affect vital waterway and seriously
disrupt war traffic in the waterway.
The OCD regional security officer
sees that the program planned for
region meets the needs and con-
forms to the wishes of the Army
service area commander. The
State officer assists the State ad-
ministrating security and enforce
ment people to do the job expected
Of the State and correlates the vari-
Gus facility security activities in the
State
District facility security program
agents assist local governments to
do their share intelligently and
effectively. In one case, heavily
guarded facility had allowed its fuel
supply to leak to the very edge of
the grounds. A child could have
tossed match into the stream of
fuel, but correcting it, was merely
a job of enforcing a city fire ordi-
nance.
In some cases, cities may be
spending a great deal of money to
guard their water supply A survey
of the plant may show that visitor
control is all that is necessary.
Closing a street to the public may
answer cty's need for protection
Of one of its facilities, or putting up
a fence Realignment of the pro-
tective lighting may secure a struc-
ture, instead of putting it on the
spot. ars e-c a1a
Work at Headquarters.
The headquarters Office here sends
out current information on sabotage
techniques, analyzes surveys and
reports, assists in releasing equip
ment requiring priorities. correlates
the information on subversive indi-
viduals and activities and transmits
it to "the people who can do some
thing about it,"
All operatives, including the
OCD's field staff of not more than
100 and the various agency repre-
sentatives, are full-time; paid and
carefully investigated experts. The
only volunteers in the system are
the 10000 members of the Forest
Fire Fighters Service recently es-
tablished by the OCD.
Program officials consider place.
ment of guards as an element of
security itself. They compare it
with putting cellophane around a
worm or rotten apple 1t does not
stop the inner rot. Their job, they
say, is to see that the inside and
the outside of structure are both
free from danger.
That the danger is present now
they are frank to admit.
I'VE feel we face organized sabo-
tage of the highest caliber," an of
fetal OF the program declared. III
is commonly known that the nation
has been wide open to subversive
activity. In every country it has
invaded, Germany has used sabotage
as one of its finest weapons. We
have no reason to believe we are
Evening star., 1942-08-30
Anti-Sobotuqe
Continued From First Page. }

that tried the eight Nazi saboteurs.
He called together representatives
of the various Government agencies
directly concerned with communi-
cations, air commerce, highways,
railroads, public buildings, timber,
minerals, foodstuffs, irrigation and
domestic water supply. From that
meeting came group of action
committees, cutting across agency
lines and resulting in the tenn
porary union of agencies some of
which on other scores had conflict
ing interests.
Related Plants Protected.
They proceeded on the theory
that an intelligent saboteur would
try to do the most damage with the
least danger to himself. If, for in
stance, a factory heavily guarded
by the Army was his target, he
could wreck a nearby generating
plant and disrupt not only that
factory but possibly a dozen other
related facilities.
1t was determined that the vital
producing plants weren't safe un-
til the facilities on which they were
dependent we're likewise secure.
That one decision stepped up the
facilities to be protected from sew
eral hundred to many thousand.
The various Government agencies
took on the job of securing those
facilities for several reasons. First,
many of them had statutory privi-
lege to enter the structures. Sec
ond, they had trained personnel
who were familiar with the relative
Importance of facilities and the
technicalities of the operation, knew
the most vulnerable parts of them
as well as the most vital parts.
They could step into the work more
speedily and effectively than a new
force could be created to do the
job.
| 1t was decided that men trained
in their special field could be more
easily educated to the hazards of
sabotage than sabotage experts
could be trained in the technical
operating jobs.
Three jobs had to be done First,
an inventory had to be taken to
decide what facilities warranted spe-
cial action, since they couldn't af-
/ ford to waste time or men on sec
ond-rate facilities until prime struc.
/ lures had been protected. Second
they had to survey the facilities
to see what measures had already
| been taken and what remained tt
be done. Third. they had to make
to make frequent inspections to see
frequent inspections to see if theil
recommendations were being fol-
lowed and to see that proper stand
ards were maintained.
Industry Hazards Studied.
In some cases, they had to relate
the normal operating hazards of a
plant with what use a saboteur
could make of them. In other words
coke oven, for instance, could be
turned to a destructive force itself
If a saboteur gained access to q
Evening star., 1942-08-30
WAVES 10 Pay Less
Than Male Officers
For Their Uniforms
New Corps 'Broins Unit
Studies Snort Outfits
To Cost About $140

BY tie Associated Press.
NORTHAMPTON, Mass, Aug.
29-Its going to cost a WAVE off,
Ger less to dress than it does her
brother naval offlcer-and Uncle
Sam gives the same clothing allow
ance to each-$250.
The prospect of new clothes, and
smart new Navy unifroms at that,
along with the price, interested the
small select group of WAVES, as
sembled today as brains unit"
leach has one to several degrees)
to get the women's naval reserve
training program started.
1T looks as if the women are 60
ing to get by cheaper on the uni
forms that we men," commented
Capt. Herbert w. Underwood. re-
tired, commanding officer of the
naval training school at Smith Col
lege, where for the first time in this
country's history women will be
trained for service in the Navy,
to release men for combat duty.
Allowance Given Only One.
Unlike the Army. which dresses
its WAACS, the Navy doesn't foot
the bill for the required uniforms
Instead it hands out clothing
alloWance-and that only once.
An officer WAVE can get logged
out for about $40, including a sec
ond uniform to wear while one is
at the cleaners. 1t costs her brother
officer about double that for a uni
form and spare In both cases
this is exclusive of shoes and under
garments.
Filters are expected here Mon
day to pin up hens and fit jackets
on this preliminary group of
WAVES, which will number l29
shortly. It'll be good practice in
readiness for the 900 student officer
candidates who will come when
school formally opens October 6.
The trim and distinctive WAVE
uniforms have been designed by
Mainboucher, New York designer
who has styled clothes for the Ouch
ess of Windsor and other women
with the reputation of being smart
dressers.
AS a starter the WAVES will get
jacket and two-skirt suit. II sup
pose" said Capt. Underwood, that's
equivalent to a mans two-pants
suit" The estimated cost of this
outfit will be: Jacket, $18, and skirts,
81 each, a total of $32.
Wardrobe Listed.
Here's what WAVE can get for
her S141.80 (estimated Two Jackets
at $18 each, $36; two skirts at ST
each, $14; two navy blue rayon
blouses at $4.70 each, $9.40; three
reserve blue 0ight blue) cotton
blouses at $3.50 each, $11.40; three
white rayon blouses at SIS each, SIS;
one hat with three interchangeable
crowns and havelock, $21; one rain
coat-overcOat, $35.
HIM." moaned a male lieuten-
ant, as he listened to recital of this.
1T cost me about $500 for three
white uniforms, two blue and two
khaki ones, an overcoat and rain
coat and two caps"7 67ti
Required dress for the WAVES
also will include black ties, white
gloves and neutral-colored Isle
stockings. They will use a Navy
regulation handbag with a strap
over the shoulder, but the style has
not yet been decided.
Regulation shoes are black OK
fords with an inch-and- a half high
heel. In the evening the WAVES
may wear pumps with 2-inch high
heels. If they like. they get an
overcoat costing an estimated $35.