davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
La gaceta., 1942-03-04
UN BUQUE ENEMIGO bonn
BARDEO LA ISLA MONA

San Juan, Puerto Rico, mar
20 4.--Un buque enemigo, que
Sc cree e. un submarine, bonn
barde6 aver Ell acantilajo de Ia
isla Mona, una roca volcanica
en- ell pasaje de Mona, 80 m!llas
al suroeste de Puerto Rico. En-
vic la noticia al gobernador Tug
well, ell Sr. Rembsrto Casaba
director del campamento que Ia
Juventud Nacional tiene en- esa
isla. Los proyectiles no causa-
ron bajas nj danos.
La gaceta., 1942-03-04

Recommended por Maxim
Litvinoff, ell embajador russo,
la semana pasada Sc remitio
al general Macarthur, heroe
de las Filipinas, un despacho
redactado en- estos terminus:
Ell Overseas Press Club of A
merica, por sugesti6 de Maxim
Litvinoff, em~bajador de la Ru
STA Soviet en- los Estados Uni
dos, desea expresar la admira
ci6n y gratitud de todos sus
miembros e invitados, reuni-
dos aQui, en- ell hotel Waldorf
Astoria, por las her6icas proc
zas de listed y de los hombres
a sus 6rdenes. Como eXpertos
de la guerra contemporaries,
nos enorgullecemos n%acional-
mente por ell ejemplo que US
ted esta dando al mundo y a
la historic de America en- CO.
raje, capacidad directriz y ha
biiidad militar."
IFS un mensaje de los perio
distas que han vivido la guerra
para un general que sabe resis
tir a un enemigo numericamen
tie superior y mejor armada.
La gaceta., 1942-03-04
Ell TEMPO

La temperature empezara a
subir en- la tarde de hoy. Ligera
lluvia es aguardada para esta
nOche.
Escarcha Sc form6 EN- la ma
mana de hoy, bajando ell term6-
metro q aS grades,
La gaceta., 1942-03-04
ATACADO Ell PUERTO DIE
EMDElN

OLondres, MARIO 4.-La avia-
ion inglesa atac6 hoy en- el
puerto de Emden y sembr6 mi
mas en- sus aguas. Dos aeropla-
nos Sc p~erdieron durante la no
che, uno en- el ataque a este puer
to y otro en- ell bombardeo de las
fabricas d los arrabales de Pa
riS.
La gaceta., 1942-03-04

Discuta menos tOnterias So
bre la guerra y ayude con to-
das sus fuerzas a la demoera-
cia agredida.
liable de la victoria 81 lie
parece, mas sin decir NADIA
que tienda a desmoralizar o a
dar informes al enemigo.
Y, sobre TODD, mire con des-
confianza a los derrotistas y
a los empenados en- difundir
rumores... recogidos por la Ra
dio o de otra manera.
De pruebas de lealtad a la
Repiblica y a las institucio-
mes sohre las cuales Sc afirma
la libertad humana.
La gaceta., 1942-03-04

Las fabricas de tanques de
Kirov, que trabajaban en- Le-
ningrado, han sido traslada :
das a los Urales y va constru-
yen tanques de gran tamano.
iLos tanques que, unidos a
los hechos en- Estados Unidos
' en- Inglaterra, daran Ell triun
TO a las Naciones Unidas!
Decenas de miles de ellos
necesita ell eiercito ruso para
la campaha de la primavera.
Las victorias alcanzadas has
ia Ell presente deben ser extern
didas y cOmpletadas.
La gaceta., 1942-03-04

Recuerde que en- estos dias
de guerraes muy saludable ha
blair POGO y cooperar en- TODD
10 possible con ell gobierno.
Por la boca muere ell per-.
Y Sc entera ell enemigo de CO.
sas que no debn llegar a su CO.
n~ocimiento.
La gaceta., 1942-03-04

sill y Estados Unidos al hitleris-
mo y los ctros declarados enc.
migos De las Americas,
La gaceta., 1942-03-04

desde ell terr..orio sovietico
despegaran los a%viones ameri-
canos para bombardear a To-
kio y atomizar la imperdona-
BILE arrogancia de los "espado-
psS."
La gaceta., 1942-03-04

Los puntos mas importantes
del manifesto publicado re-
cientemente por el partido La
borista ingles. ell partido de
los proletarios y sus amigos,
son los siguientes: "Cada pue
bio enemigo tendra derecho a
determinar su propia forma
de gobierno sujeto solamente
a la obligation de aceptar y
respetar las "cuatro liberia
des."
"a las naciones victoriosas
no Sc les permitira suprimir
revoluciones en- los paises de-
rrotados, va sean de clase, re-
ligi6n o de la dinastia reinan-
tie, mientras que estas sirven
para establecer regimenes de-
mocraticos.
LAS complejas cuestiOnes
del gobierno propio de la In
dia deben esperar hasta des-
pues de la guerra para una so
luci6n, pero los hindus deben
tomar su lugar junto a los do
minios ,por complete, en- pro
del esfuerzo de guerra"
"Los habitantes de color de
las colonias del imperio no es-
tan aun listos para ell gobier-
no propio, pero no habra ex-
plotaci6n de los recursos mi
nerales por los colonos blan-
cos o companies. En- lugar de
este, Ell gobierno trabajara e.
SOS recursos en- calidad. de a
poderado de los n~ativos."
Buenas son las intenciones
del partido Laborista... pero
la mayoria en- la Gran Bretana
pertenece a%ctualmente al par
lido Conservador.
La gaceta., 1942-03-04

La agencia rusa Tass ACADIA
de repudiar los rumores, ema-
nados de Ankara, sobre la IT,
rantez de relaciones entire los
gobiernos de Toxic y MoscG.
Mega la agencia que Sc ha-
yam secuestrado las propieda-
des japonesas y que ell golfo
de Tartary fuera minado....
Ell Kremlin sigue discutien-
do con los diplomaticos japo-
neses la possible renovation
del derecho de pesca en- ell Ex-
tremo Oriente, que expire ell
dia 81 de diciembre.
Russia no quiere antagonizar
a los japoneses para no verse
Obligada a abrir un nuevo fren
tie Y combatir simultaneamen-
.te a Hitler y ell Mikado.
Con Alemania lie basta......
.por ahora.
Cuando 81 momsnto llSSuS
La gaceta., 1942-03-04
CHUNGAS Y No CHUNGAS

Menos "chachara" y mas collaboration Ira
jes sin "adornos." = Mensaje recomendado por
Maxim. = Tanques. = Ell manifesto del Parti-
do Laborista. Mobilization civil en- Italia.
Russia y ell Japon.
La gaceta., 1942-03-04

SIC CAYO AL RIO I'M AUTO
MOVIL GUIADO POR UN
HOMBRE DE LA RAZA
NBGRA
La gaceta., 1942-03-04
Los rusos Sc apoderaron de SO centres
de ressitencia de los nazis

"Estrella Roja" pide la mas estrecha coopera-
cion entire la artilleria y la infanteria. = Nuevas
prisioneros lie fueron hechos a la Division Azul.
La gaceta., 1942-03-04

Mussolini, dictador impo-
tente, subordinate a Hitler, a
caba de ordenar la moviliza-
ci6n civil de todOs los hombres
entire las edades de 18 a 55
amos.
Ell Italia hay civiles... pero
la civilidad fue aplastada por
ell fascismo.
Las mujeres, las victimas
en- escala mayor, seran movili-
zadas tambien.
5Cuando despertara de su
prolongado letargo ell pueblo
italiano y negara su colabora-
ci6n al verdugo y sus ayudan-
ties?
81 la "resistencia civil" Sc
inieiara en- Italia, ell derrumbe
del faScismo Sc produciris ra-
pidamente.
Ahora bien, quiza es justo
recordar que mas de 100000
hombres de la Gestapo domi-
nan, a traves de los canales
gubernamentales, a 40000000
de italianos.
iY quel a policia secreta de
Hitler, como la de Benito, es-
ia compuesta por "especialis-
tas" en- aterrorizar y asesinar.
La gaceta., 1942-03-04

PerdD la vidG en- ell accidente
Evening star., 1942-05-23
Marion Doctor Fined $3.50
For Wrecking Liquor Store
By the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
MARION, Va, May ga locally
prominent surgeon and hospital
owner, who smashed the stock of a
State liquor store here in protest
to the opening Of the dispensary in
town where legal liquor had not
been sold for 10 years, was fined
$3.50 today on a charge Of malicious
destruction of property.
DR.. Stuart Staley, Tulane-e
Gated surgeon, told Trial Justice w.
v. Birchfield II plead guilty to
calmly destroying the liquor store. I"
The store was opened Wednesday
by the Virginia Alcoholic Beverage
Control Board over the protests of
DR.. Staley and the Marion Minis
terial Association. A board spokes-
man said it was done to combat
bootlegging in the Marion area.
Store employees said that on
Thursday Dr.. Staley appeared at
the store, took off his coat, climbed
over the counter and smashed SOL
bottles Of liquor worth an estimated
$762.
Evening star., 1942-05-23
Tokomu Park Lions Club
Elects New Officers

William H. McCeney, jr., has been
elected president Of fthe Takoma
Park Lions Club, succeeding Robert
E. Lohr.
Other officers are John Douglas
Bradshaw, first vice president;
George A. Cook, second vice presi-
dent; w. M. Shoenfeldcr. third vice
president: Harold F. Gates, secre-
tary; William J. Golden, treasurer
Herbert Russell, tail tWister: Cor
don Holland, lion tanner; Emmitt
Brandt, Mr.. LOhr, H. j. Stevens
and Donald D. Lamond, directors
Delegates to the international
Lions Convention at Toronto July
81 are Mr.. McCeney. Ralph Seebold
James w. Campbell, Herbert Rus
sell and Mr.. Lohr. Delegates to the
district convention in Baltimore
May 81 are Mr.. McCeney, Mr.. Scho-
enfelder, Mr.. Lamond and Mr.. Lohr
Evening star., 1942-05-23
'Rescuer' Cont Swim;
Policemen Suve Him
By the Associated Press.

by tuc ASSOcIdVEu FIeSs.
CHICAGO. - When his friend
Adolph Muench, 40, fell into the
Chicago River, William ArvidSon, So
didn't hesitate a moment, but jump.
ed in to rescue him.
But Mr.. Arvidson remembered
after he was in the river, that he
couldn't swim and neither could Mr.
Muench. They both began calling
for help and luckily Policemen Jo-
esph Kowal and Thomas Hayes hap
pened along and pulled them out.
Evening star., 1942-05-23
Boy II, and Girl, Is,
Held in Auto Thefts

ALEXANDRIA, Va, May ga
young couple, who told police they
had come here from Seneca Falls,
N. Y. in a series Of stolen autos
and were en- route to South Caro-
lima to be married. was picked up
by police yesterday.
Police said the boy, II. and girl,
16. entered the car Of Seaman
Charles w. Cline of the Coast
Guard in front of the post Office
and drove about a block when they
collided with a parked car. They
were picked up by Patrolman Will
liam Schwartz
At police station they said they
had driven each auto until it ran
out of gasoline.
Evening star., 1942-05-23
Civil Service in Appeal
For War Agency Clerks
Reporting q critical shortage" OF

Reporting a critical shortage" OF
lower-salaried clerical employees in
war agencies, the Civil Service Com
mission today urged personnel avail
able for transfer to register at the
commission transfer Office. 801 e
street NV.
In demand are stenographers.
typists, payroll and voucher clerks
and other employees earning from
81 $50 to $1,620.
Among other employment open
ings announced today by the COM
mission are Junior patent examiners
at $1,000, in the Patent Once, Rich
mond, Va, and junior engineers at
$1,000.
Skilled tradesmen also continue
to be needed, as are radio techni-
clans.
Evening star., 1942-05-23
Roll Elected President
OF Federated Citizens
Groups Of Fairfax
County Board Urged
To Increase SoIories
Of School Teachers
Special Dispatch to The Star.

Special Dispatch to The Star.
DUNN LORING, Va. May 23-E.
P. Roll, jr. Of Lee Boulevard
Heights has been elected president
of the Federation of Citizens Asso-
Citations of Fairfax County. Mr..
Roll succeeds DR.. Thomas P. Martin
of Dunn Loring, who has headed
the group for the last two years.
Other newly elected officers in
clude H. A. Ward of fremont Gar
dens, vice president: Mrs. Dorothy
Peacock Of Devonshire Gardens, re-
cording secretary and treasurer, and
Miss Clara M. Cherry Of Hillwood,
corresponding secretary.
The federation has adopted q
resolution urging the County Board
of Supervisors to compensate school
teachers in a measure commensu-
rate with that paid to similarly
trained personnel and professions in
other parts of the Metropolitan
Area" 90 -
The resolution was adopted after
a report on school problems by Mrs.
Robert A. Osborn Of Chesterbrook,
president of the Fairfax County
Federation of School and Civic
Leagues and Parent Teacher Asso-
Citations and member of the Edu-
cation Committee of the Fedora
ton.
Teachers now receive an average
annual salary Of 1858, and through
a contemplated increase next year
that figure will be raised to $1,000.
The resolution suggests the mini
mum salary should not be less than
| s1.260 a year
The federation voted to send a
letter of thanks to fremont Citi-
Zens' Association for that groups
effort in backing the movement that
led to improved bus transportation
on the Lee highway to fremont
Gardens.
Evening star., 1942-05-23
Murray Appears Cool
To 4. F. Is Bid 10
Reopen Peace Talks
Says Obstacles to
Reunion Perhaps Are
Same Now as in IS
By the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
The A. F. L. today held out a
new offer to the c. I. O., asking
the rival labor organization to
come back home again because
of the war"
Old wounds Immediately became
apparent in the response of Philip
Murray, c. I. o. president, who
said obstacles to reunion were per-
haps the same the organization
had to meet back in 1885,"
1t was then that John L. Lewis,
United Mine Workers chieftain, led
a dozen unions away from the par
ent A. F. L. in the unended con-
troversy over the craft versus the
industrial union organization.
William Green, A. F. L. presi-
dent, announced at the end of the
organizations Executive Council
meeting yesterday that the council
mad instructed him to advise C. L.
o. representatives that tho Peace
Committee of. the A. r. e. stands
ready to meet with them for the
purpose of negotiating peace and
unity"
War Makes Action Necessary.
Such action is necessary flrst
because of the war;" Mr.. Green said
There ought to be unity and soh-
darity which would help to win the
war. The meetings should be
started Immediately for the purpose
of seeking a basis Of accommoda-
tion."
In Cleveland, Mr.. Murray cau-
tiously explained that the proposal
would have to be submitted to the
c. I. o. Executive Board.
A fixed welding" of the organiza-
tions, he said, would face obstacles.
He expressed an unwillingness Ito
accept the kind of unity that is
calculated to bring about the de-
struction of these huge mechanisms
that have been created within the
C. I. o. during the past six years"
The peace committees of the rivals
have not met together since a unity
effort failed in 1899. The A. F. L.
members are William L. Hutcheson
of the Carpenters Union, Daniel
Tobin Of the teamsters and Harry
Bates of the bricklayers.
Earlier Talks Failed.
Mr.. Green said he would commu-
nicate with Mr.. Murray Immediately
to suggest resumption of the
parleys. Whether there comes what
Mr.. Murray described as fixed
welding" or permanent reunion OF
the organizations, appeared to de-
pend on future conferences of the
union leaders.
Earlier peace efforts in 1887 failed
as did 1899 talks urged by President
Roosevelt. In 1910 Mr.. Lewis stepped
out of the c. I. o. presidency as he
said he would do If Mr.. Roosevelt
were reelected, but he remained
on the c. I. o. Negotiating Com
mittee. Last January he urged Mr..
Murray and Mr.. Green to get to-
gether.
Mr.. Murray replied that any ne
gotiations would have to be ini-
tiated through his Office, and no
formal resumption Of peace efforts
took place.
Evening star., 1942-05-23
Balloon Test Causes
Report of Parachute
By the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
OGDEN, Utah.-There was no
man In the parachute which was
reported to the sheriffs Office as
having been seen floating to earth
near Ogden Canyon.
In fact. there wasn't even a para
chute.
Three Weber Junior College stu
dents, Lynn Stevenson, Harvey
Wheelwright and Bud Barrett, made
a balloon of tissue paper, filled it
with hot air and cast it loose to see
what would happen.
The emergency call to the sheriff
was the only recorded result.
Evening star., 1942-05-23
D. G. Man Divorced

ROCKVILLE, Md, May % (Spe-
cial.-Judge Charles w. Woodward
has granted Mrs Mary I. Callison
of Rockville q divorce from Ross
Hanna Callison Of Washington. De-
sertion was charged. Also on the
ground of desertion, Clarence H
Offutt of Bethesda has been granted
q divorce from Mrs. Ecwina Onutt
of Gulfport, Miss.
Evening star., 1942-05-23
Bid 10 Visit London
For War Talks Finds
Congress Divided
Democrats Seen Approving
ldeo, but 6. O. P. Leader:
Are Reported SkepticaI
By the Associated Press.


Congressional leaders we're re-
ported divided today on whether
to send 10 Senators and Repre-
sentatives Of both parties to Eng
land for talks with Parliament
on war problems and peace aims.
A tentative invitation for the visit
was laid before a group of Senate
and House leaders by an unnamed
British spokesman at secret con-
ference at the Capitol yesterday.
Democrats were said to have given
the idea general approval. However,
Senate Republican Leader McNary
and House Republican Leader Mar
tin were reported somewhat skep-
tical about the wisdom of sending
such a large delegation to Great
Britain at this time.
Effect on Bills Weixhed.
A reported suggestion at the con-
ference that the leaders Of both
houses be included among the five
Republicans and five Democrats
who would make the trip. probably
in July, bought questions as to the
effect Of their absence on the prog
ress of important legislation, par
ticularly the tax bill pending before
the House Ways and Means Com
mittee. Few expect House passage
Of this measure before late June,
placing 1t before the Senate Finance
Committee for consideration in July.
There was some doubt among
leaders, it was said, whether an an
nouncement Of plans for such a
conference might not draw the ire
OF Senators who were critical Of
Great Britain and the British war
effort before Pearl Harbor and who
might regard such a trip as tending
to shift the center of popular atten-
ton from Washington to London.
Fear Of public criticism of the trip
as congressional junket" also was
mentioned.
Those interested made it plain
that no definite invitation had been
issued In behalf of the British
Parliament or would be issued until
congressional leaders determined for
certainty whether it would be
accepted.
Peace Views Souxht.
The plan was advanced, they said,
to bring together the legislative
leaders of the two countries pri-
marily for study of the problems
of conducting the war, in just such
conference as Prime Minister
Churchill held with President Roose-
velt here in December.
The long range objective Of the
meeting, they added, would be to
sound out each others views on the
kind of a peace that might be
reached when fighting on the battle
fields had ended.
One legislator said he regarded
such an exchange of views as of the
utmost Importance because the Sen
ate must ratify any peace treaty
into which the United States enters.
Evening star., 1942-05-23
Shenkmon, Plane Maker.
Is Dead in Russia
BY the Associated Press

MOSCOW, May %. - Matvei
Shenkman. one Of the Soviet Union s
leading airplane builders, died In an
air accident "in the performance Of
his duties" the Council Of Peoples
Commissars announced today.
Shenkman, who studied in the
United States, was director Of an
important aircraft factory, the an
nouncement said.
Evening star., 1942-05-23

Great oaks from little acorns
grow. War bonds are the most
promising acorns on the market.
Evening star., 1942-05-23
Report

Furnished b the
tonight with moderate
MARYLAND and Vrgnia-Cooler tonight
Evening star., 1942-05-23

War bonds are the best buys on
the market today.
Evening star., 1942-05-23

Record for Last Fl Hours.
(From noon yesterday to noon today
Highest, "A, 9:20 pm. yesterday. Year
Lowest. SO. 6:10 an. Year ago. 81.
Record Temperature This Year.
Highest. "a. on May 1.
Lowest, 6, on January II.
Humidity for Last "a Hours.
From noon yesterday to noon today0
Highest, 81 Der cent, at 2:30 Pm. yes.
Lowest. II per cent at $50 an.
Evening star., 1942-05-23

River Report.
Potomac and Shenandoah Rivers muddy
at Harpers Ferry: Potomac very muddy at
Great Falls today.
Precipitation.
Monthly precipitation in inches In the
Capital (current month to date):
The Valley settler. (Palmer, Alaska) 1937-195?, 1942-05-22

THE VALLEY SETTLER is published
every Friday by the Eiatanu Ska
Valley Ear1crs' Coop Grating as
soci alton at Palmer, Alaska.
ling. Eaito Irving t..eHT-lls
Sub description rates: $l.0Q year
BY Mail: $l.75 year
MAllad anywhere: 10 copy
This paper is is ISSUED fer the
purpose Of giving inf or14- tt N
ana news Of the Ma ta1luska Valley
Farmers Cop ERA ting associations
work, pl'3bl EMS, accoG1pli sl31a 9nts,
also news Of local and general
interest an1 to foster the coop
nr4tive spirit Of the farmers
IF tie f:4t-ll10 SIX Wiley.
The Valley settler. (Palmer, Alaska) 1937-195?, 1942-05-22

TIC operation Of q farm in
the .1atanusl1a Valley is full time
propoaiti on. The editing Of pa
per IS also full time job. The
Valley Settler, though small, de-
serves more cons ileratio on than we
have been able to Give. It can
be made a bigger ana better paper
an5 in more capable hands Will
1numity.
to are happy to announce that
l1os. Allen, e9itor OF the loose
Pass inor Will bee one editor Of
the Valley Settler, am We hope
you Will give i4rs. --1l9n the same
cooperation that has been accorded
the ito1' during the past two -
years.
very fa1i1y in the Territory
is rleaed " the Dept. OF koricu1-
t'lIo to have q sabsi lance garden.
If you have not already planted
your garden, plans should be I'M
mediatoly mace to plant enough
garden to take care Of YOUR In
me1iato farlil y.
accorAing to cont re-
lease OF the Us. Dept. Of --Gr. the
office OF Trice a mini trait on has
established prico ceiling on
used ogg cases. Every farmer SELL
ing coles should handle with care
lis supply Of o5g cases SO as to
prevent difficulty in ma1elco ting
his EGGS.
The Valley settler. (Palmer, Alaska) 1937-195?, 1942-05-22

PRICE EIXING TO STABILIZE LIVING
COSTS. Regarding Price liking
Loon Henders on states:
1.-THE .nfla-
tionary rise in the cost oH living
has been gathering momentum.
staggering ezcoss OF money over the
supplies or goods available throat
ems disaster to the civilian econ
omy anta to the war Fort. Left
unchecked, the cost OF living, fast
would become proFi bi tive f., por-
sons Of fixed inc mes, WhiA8 IN
warrontea suffering wo,lG De in
flictod en- growing thousan of FAM :
ilios whose principal SUPP crt comos
from non serving WI tn the a1.iod
forces. nLoft to tho.as olv IS, ris-
ing prices, wages, and costs would
chase each other upward in an ond-
loss spiral. The inevitable result
would be Initiation a doI 9at on
the homo front TIL t could st fail
to be roflocto2 on the bat lociolas
abroad. ITO achieve overall prico
control and prevent further incroa-
sos in the cost OF living, oPA is
Issuing the Gonoral Maxirnra Prico
RoSulati on. The REGULATE on places
an absolute ceiling over SOS tan
TALLY all OF the Commodities and
sorvicos sold at rotail. The coil
ing also ext ones over tho rIicos
charged by wholesalers, rla1-Iactur-
ors, ana producers Na71irn1r, price
prescribed by the regulation arc
tho highest prices charged by each
individual sollor for each co1nnoG-
ity or sorVico sole Curing arch 1912.
."1ho general I.a1iirlua El'ic3 Ro6ula-
tt on is stri city wartime measure.
Tt Will apply cor the 'durotion'
an2 be abandoned, as soon as possi-
bic ofto1, poacc CONES. "Go~2nol
pri CO control means a gua1eato to
the l-nori can poOllo that t--o1r- costs
~
means that the buying nowor OF vaGos
onG salari cs wi i not be f112airoG.
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1942-05-26
Small Business Aid Bill
Awaits House Approval
Boekers Say Measure Strengthened
by Some Teeth Thot Con Bite

AS to how much aid the leg
islation would give to small bus
mess, the members were in dis
agreement. Some contended it
would not help at all, others in
sisted it was a duplication of
unused law already on the
books, and others maintained it
was the answer to the pleas Of
business men facing extinction
unless Congress came to their
rescue.
The House refused to write
into the Bill a definition of
what small business is, after
Patman asserted that in some
cases an employer of thou
sands of men might fall into
this category. Representative
Diikscn (R-IlD sought unsuc-
cessfully to define a small bust
ness as one employing, during
1871, an average of not more
than $50 persons daily.