davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1942-02-09

man had succeeded in producing
outside the body a substance which
had been considered purely prod
uct Of living tissue.
Uses Are Diverse.
The military, industrial and medi-
cinal uses Of urea are manifold. 1t
is raw material for some of the
most necessary plastics. 1t is es-
sential in fertilizers. It is used in
treatment of lumber for Army and
Navy purposes 1t heals some types
of wounds with magical speed.
In the last war Germany had a
monopoly ON urea. In 1920 imports
cost S1,l00 q ton. Today urea. syn
thesized from coal, air and water, is
being produced at one Of the Du
Pont plants for s85 a ton..
In the last war the Army appealed
to civilians to give up their field and
opera glasses. There was q des-
perate shortage of optical glass for
military uses. This also was q Ger
man monopoly The chemists got
oAoy. 4O0dy eAAAo tOu&loAy PAoA0ICo
the largest quantities Of the finest
optical glass in the world.
Perhaps the most significant of all
chemical contributions to this war
is nitrogen. This gas constitutes
about three-f1fths of the air we
breathe. 1t is absolutely essential
in making all kinds of explosives. 1t
is absolutely essential in fertilizer
There are about 10000 900 pounds
Of it over every acre Of ground in
the world, but few crops can make
any use Of 1t in its gaseous form.
Lacked Fixation Process.
In 1917 America was dependent
on Chilean deposits for almost every
pound OF nitrogen used. So, for that
matter, were all the Allies. Ger
many alone had developed a means
of extracting nitrogen from the air,
thanks to the genius Of one Of her
chemists, Fritz Haber.
Before his invention, scientists
had predicted that the civilized
world was doomed to starve to
death when all the Chilean nitrate
had been used, a prospect then
seemingly not far distant. So Fritz
Haber can be credited with saving
the world from eventual starva-
tion, though probably If he had
not hit on the secret somebody
else very shortly would have.
Haber happened to be a sincere
and honest man. Also he had
trace of Jewish blood In his ances-
try. He was one of the first VIC
tins of Nazi oppression, dying in
exile in Switzerland.
Now American chemical COM
panies can turn out nitrogen by the
thousands Of tons. Du Pont and
others spent millions on nitrogen
f1xation plants. Additionally, a
chain of Government-owned plants
are now being rushed into produc-
ton. The process requires, how
ever, an enormous amount Of highly
complicated machinery and the Vita
need for nitrates in the explosives
industry and for other war pur-
poses makes necessary a certain
economy in their use. Shipments
from Chile, by the way, have just
been resumed.
In a thousand other ways the
Evening star., 1942-02-09

relationship between religion and
democracy.
Little printed material has been
sent out recently by the youth di-
vision because Government print
ing agencies are jammed by sugar
rationing coupons and selective serv-
ice material, it was stated.
Two bulletins were released jan
uary /, however, and these covered
the questions of youth in local de-
fense and at college. One bulletin
listed 103 things that young people
might do-ranging from volunteer
ing for air raid or fire watcher
service to less obvious and more in
genious suggestions.
Draft Age Organization.
Local youth organizations were
asked to organize young men of
draft age to secure physical exam
nations and to correct defects" 1t
was said they could Organize in
formal parties, folk dances, athletic
teams, swimming events for farm
youth and young factory and ONCE
workers"
Rural youth can organize travel
ing libraries, puppet shows, folk
dance squads, movies, etc."
Young people can "act as leaders
for citizenship, art, current events
and music appreciation classes"
"Publicize ways to make clothing
last longer" it was suggested, and
conduct forums on subjects such as
methods Of propaganda and sabo-
tage,"
Promotion Of Bull Sessions
College students were asked to en-
list blood donors and sell Defense
bonds. For morale, they were told
to promote "dormitory and frater-
nifty bull sessions"
There have been no reports on
the total national response to any
of these ideas, because support is
voluntary and under direct charge
of regional defense organizations, it
was explained. Individual responses
have been impressive. Hunter Col
lege, New York, sold $4,000 worth
Of Defense stamps and bonds within
a few weeks after Pearl Harbor, 1t
was said.
The Youth Division has had to
straighten out confusion in other
institutions, Miss Seaver declared.
In one college in the Washington
area faculty and students were work.
ing at cross purposes. she said. but
at q suggestion from the o. c. D.
resolved their differences. In another
school the defense activity was domi-
mated by a few fraternities and the
o. G. D. "democratized" it. Sixty
per cent Of the colleges now re-
portedly have war councils"
Like other o. c. D. bureaus, the
Youth Division has plans that have
not yet Matched. Two men are now
reported working on script for a
radio show for which no time on the
air has yet been assured.
A third article dealing ,Dith the
further o. c. d. activities Uill
appear tomorrow.
Evening star., 1942-02-09
Macarthur Boulevard
Bill Reported in House

The House District Committee to-
day favorably reported q bill to
change the name Of Conduit road
to Macarthur boulevard as tribute
to Gen. Douglas Macarthur for his
leadership in the gallant defense"
of the Philippines by American and
Filipino forces.
The House Is expected to consider
the legislation later in the week.
The bill was sponsored by Repre-
sentative Luther johnson, Demo-
crat, Of Texas.
Evening star., 1942-02-09

AdAC, 4Ol CAdIlPlC, oil Ol1Nc vi dU
uniform. Before the last war many
experiments had shown that 1t was
almost an ideal camouflage for a
man. 1t combined with q back
ground Of green grass or trees so
that at a little distance a marching
regiment was nearly invisible.
In 1917, as veterans can testify,
olive drab was apt to be anything
from mud-brown to pea-green. To-
day an expert hardly could distin-
guish the color of one uniform from
another in this best-dressed Army
in the world.
Processes Are Secret.
The change is due to better dies
the materials and processes used
being . military secret at present.
The synthetic dye industry before
1917 had been largely a development
Of German chemists. America i'm
ported tons Of their materials and
had practically none Of her own.
Shortly before the United States
entered the war the astute Count
Won Bernstorf1, German Ambassador
in Washington, advised his Gov
ernment that by putting an embargo
on dyes 1t could cause q major in
dustrial dislocation by throwing
about 100000 Americans out OF
work.
The British blockade did shut oil
dye imports. This was a major
cause OF anti-British feeling In this
country. The Government itself
appealed to Great Britain to let
Dutch ships through. Otherwise
it could not print its stamps or its
money.
One Of the biggest news stories
Of the war was the appearance in
Baltimore harbor In July, 1916, of
the German submarine Deutsch-
land, carrying q cargo Of dyes. It
was q weeks supply for America
1t was predicted that this would
soon be "a nation in gray" Prices
Of dyes rose to fantastic heights.
Germans Matched in Own Art.
As soon as the war was over
American chemists started to rem
edy this situation. They matched
the Germans in their own art and
chemical factories began turning
out dyes by the carload. This coun-
try soon exported dyes to Europe
and elsewhere in direct competition
with the German industry. Now, it
is safe to say, there is hardly color
in nature which the chemist cannot
duplicate almost perfectly. Dozens
of delicate new shades appear every
year.
This has been only in small meas
ure an appeal to the vanity OF
American women. The significance
Of dyes in thousand activities of
daily life hardly can be overesti-
mated. The only possible shortage
envisioned by officials Of the Du
Pont company is in cases where
some Of the chemicals are badly
needed for war purposes. A few
shades, at the most, are likely to
disappear.
A similar example is urea. 1t is
one of the waste products Of the
animal body. About q century age
q German chemist succeeded ir
synthesizing 1t. This was perhap p.
one of the major events in the his.
tory Of science. For the first time
Evening star., 1942-02-09

trality Act promptly to legalize
financial transactions essential in
the effective prosecution Of the
war"
Mr.. Roosevelt sent q three-para-
graph message to the Capitol asking
that section Z Of the act, which he
said, now, In effect, prevents es.
sential financial transactions be-
tween persons within the United
States and our co-belligerents," be
amended 80 that it will be inopera-
tive when the United States is at
war.
In his opinion, the President said,
Evening star., 1942-02-09
Philadelphia Block
Is Ravaged by Fire
With Million Loss
Boy Reported Seen
PIuneing Into Flames;
200 Treoted for Injuries
~ the Associated Press.

~ the Associated rress.
PHILADELPHIA, Feb. 9.-The
city's most destructive fire in 18
years ravaged Q large block of busi-
ness buildings and homes last night
and early today, causing damage
f1remen said would exceed 81 ,00o, 900.
A woman spectator-one Of nearly
$4,000 who crowded into the thickly
populated area at Columbia and
Ridge avenue-said she saw a teen
age boy plunge from a rooftop into
the flames when a wall collapsed,
but police reported no one was
missing.
A 30-mile- hour north wind
sent flames hundreds of feet into
the air. Eight alarms were sounded.
Forty fire companies and rs pieces
Of apparatus joined the fight.
Four buildings were destroyed and
13 others were damaged before the
swift-spreading flames were brought
under control.
Approximately 200 persons--rlost
Of them f1remen-were treated for
injuries at the scene. Eleven per-
sons were taken to hospitals. Most
seriously hurt was q fireman who
received broken back and crushed
foot.
ut was the worst fire I have ever
experienced" said Fire Chief Will
liam Cowden. "I don't see how we
ever stopped It,"
Fifty families were left homeless
and 1000 were driven from their
homes temporarily by smoke and
fear of the fire spreading.
Many ran into the streets in
scanty clothing despite the "a
degree temperature. Power and
light lines fell under coatings of ice.
Neighbors said an explosion pre-
ceded the fire which started in the
four STORY warehouse Of the Acme
Furniture Co. Owners Of the COM
pany said their damage alone was
more than 100000.
Guy E. Parsons, the city's chief
air-raid warden, called out $50 dis
trict wardens to handle the crowds.
He praised their work, but said,
This would be some mess If it were
a real bomb attack"
Evening star., 1942-02-09

gone to California to address college
gatherings.
Miss Seaver. daughter Of Ma
tional Association Of Manufacturers
executive who lives at White Plains,
N. Y, says she first met Mrs. Roose-
|. welt about o year ago. As head OF
Mount Holyoke student government,
Miss Seavers was hostess to the
Presidents wife when Mrs. Roose-
velt arrived to speak before de-
tense conference Of representatives
from seven girls colleges.
Surprised at Appointment.
Last summer, while assistant di-
rector at Camp Sloane, a Y. w. c.
A.-Y. M. c. A. camp near Lakeville,
Conn, Miss Seaver was surprised to
receive information that she had
been nominated as sole youth mem
ber on the o. G. D. Volunteer Par
ticipation Committee, an unpaid
group of As advisers. Miss Seaver
says she does not know the source
of this nomination-but 1t appar-
emily came from Civilian Defense
Director La. Guardia or straight
from President Roosevelt.
In September she moved up to
the paid leadership of youth-in-de-
tense, arriving before Mrs. Roosevelt
was appointed assistant director.
At that time, she declared, she did
not know the Presidents wife well.
Edited School Newspaper.
Asked to describe Mr.. Harrisons
qualifications, Miss Seaver reported
that he was editor Of the school
newspaper at the University of Cali
fornia at Los Angeles and chairman
Of the student religious body there.
He graduated in 1887. Afterward,
he was radio director for the Uni
versity Religious Conference.
His outstanding achievement, she
said, was as speaker in q "trialogue,
made up of three young people who
-, Ia
Evening star., 1942-02-09
0. G.. D.
Continued From First Page.)

rate of $1,000 a year, but only for
the time actually spent on the job.
His supposed salary was one OF
the considerations which led the
House to prohibit last week use Of
any of the o. C. DIS appropriation
to finance fan dancing, street
shows, theatricals, or other public
entertainments"
The other main topic of debate
was the appointment of Miss CLANCY
as head of children's activities in
the physical fitness division. Miss
CLANCY, defending her job last
week, said she had not yet received
any Of her $4,6o0-a-year- salary.
Evening star., 1942-02-09

chemical industry is contributing
not only to the fighting forces but
to the essential civilian health and
morale, without which armies soon
collapse. Its advances over the past
20 years have resulted from the
work of 10000 research workers in
$500 industrial laboratories. Their
work costs about $500 600 900 year.
Today they are perhaps the most
essential body of men in Amer
ica's war effort,
Evening star., 1942-02-09
Coal Board Head Dies

PITTSBURGH, Feb. . R.-John
o. Smith, SO, chairman Of the Bitu-
minous Coal Producers Board for
District z here, died yesterday. He
formerly headed the MARKETING d.
vision Of the Bituminous Coal Com
mission in Washington. He was .
native Of Knoxville, Tenn.
Evening star., 1942-02-09
Weather Report
Furnished by tn

(Furnishe by
District of Coumba-Connued cold tonight with lowest tenn
perature about 1S to 20 degrees; gentle winds
Maryland-Continued
followed south
west portion by morning
vrgna-No quite tonight followed by light
west south portions by morning
Evening star., 1942-02-09
Congress in Brief

Routine session.
House:
Resumes consideration of $780,
900, 900 deficiency bill and contro-
versy over appointment Of actor
and dancer to Civilian Defense post.
Rules Committee studies measure
to extend life of Dies Committee on
Un-American Activities.
Evening star., 1942-02-09
American Industry Goes 70 War
American Industry Goes 70 Wor-
Moqic Gifts of u. S. Chemists
Invaluable to Armed Forces
Home Industry Hos Developed Nightly
Since Doys Of First World Struggle
Ninth of Series)
Ninth of a Series.)
BY THOMAS r. HENRY,
Star Stan Correspondent.

WILMINGTON Del, Feb. "a major contribution of the
chemical industry the efficiency Of America digging the
colo-s Of the rainbow out Of coal mines.
BY juggling the molecules of coal tar the chemists match
the red Of the robins breast the elusive meadows
pringn forms which will combine chemically they
will not come out In the wash
Evening star., 1942-02-09
Reich Checks Tools

Makers Of machine tools In Qer-
many have been ordered to report
70 the government every change In
production.
Evening star., 1942-02-09

there was never any intention that
this section should operate during
our belligerency.
Evening star., 1942-02-09
President Asks Change
In Neutrality Act

By the Associated Pres.
President Roosevelt asked Con-
gress today to amend the 1889 Neu-
Evening star., 1942-02-09

Record for Last "a Hours.
rrom noon yesterday to noon today)
Highest. 80, at 2:35 pm. YESTERDAY.
Lowest. 20 at 8 am. today. Year
Aso. 23.
Record Temperatures This Year.
Hishest, 65, on January 1s.
Lowest, 8 on January IL.
Humidity for Last a. Hours.
(From noon yesterday to noon today)
Highest, So per cent, at 7:30 am.
2 Lowest. 80 per cent. at 1850 pm.
The San ana Moon.
Rises. Sets.
Sun. today - S:07 1888
sun, tomorrow sos $3.50
Automobile lishts must be turned on one
half hour after sunbet.
Tide Tables.
Furnished BY United States Coast and
feasy; Teser.ox.
hlsh hHG ----- - s:$ss e.m. c.m. 1224 2R e.m e.m
Low ------ 1890 pm. 11:3s pm
Evening star., 1942-02-09


of pickup axabs today front her home oo Sixteenth street NV I &
employed
handG GtretsN Storyon BIZ
Evening star., 1942-02-09
Rivep ReM6rf
Precipitation

River Report.
Potomac and shenandoah Rivers muddy
at Harpery Ferry; Potomac very muddy
at Great Falls today.
Evening star., 1942-02-09

Monthly precipitation in inches in Il
Capital icurrent month to dAtel:
Evening star., 1942-02-09
Temperatures In Various Cities.
Lowest Hishest Precipit
last "a lAat 10 ttoY, Ia q

Note--Amount8 OF precipitation less tnAn
DO inch are not published.
Evening star., 1942-02-09
Don't Have "Glamour."

1cW Ol tIlc6C IIACA dAAO WOiASAi
are stars. But most Of them are the
folks of the small-town theater in
Kansas, the 100-watt radio station in
Montana, the county fair circuit in
New England. They don't have
glamour, but they do have talent
and they want to place that talent
ut the service Of their Government.
They are in fact, demanding the
right to do their part.
Merely for the sake Of the record
II am not director Of information
Of the once Of Civilian Defense.
II am not being paid a salary Of
5000 q year.
I'm civil service language, my title
1 expert consultant," P.8.
Il am working on Q w. o. G. basis,
which means without compensa-
tion."
Evening star., 1942-05-13
Former n. A. N. Head
Approves Closed Shop
Twill Win War
Lack Of Labor Policy
DepIored by c. R. Hook
Before Broudcosters

BY the Associated Press.
CLEVELAND, May 13.-President
Charles r. Hook of the American
Rolling Mill Co. declared today, IF
the closed shop will win the war,
let us have it by all means"
Asserting lack of a definite war
labor policy" is the biggest obstacle
in the way of still greater pro-
duction. the former president of
facturers said:
I'm this greatest of all crises in
dustrial management seeks no spe-
cial consideration or favors
Industrial managers are good
soldiers, too. They would take
their orders, and proceed accord
ingly But the orders governing
wartime labor policies have never
been handed down. AS a result
there is still much unnecessary mis-
understanding and dissension.
Only One Policy Test.
I'VE hold to the premise that
every policy and every act in these
troublous days should be meas
ured by the single yardstick of
will it win the WARP No other
test, no other yardstick is worthy of
minutes consideration
IF the closed shop will win the
war, let us have it by all means. If
maintenance of membership will
win the war, then let us have that
and have it Immediately. My views
on the subject of labor relations are
we'll known. I do not believe the
closed shop or maintenance of mem
bership will increase production. I
believe that If they are generally
imposed on all industry production
will suffer But it isn't what I think
that counts. 1t is what the American
people think that should determine
our national policy"
The Middletown (Ohio) executive
added In an address before the Ma
tional Association Of Broadcasters'
convention that the industry has
mo quarrel with the Governments
attitude on the use of patents for
the duration" but that "the war
emergency should not be used as a
smoke screen behind which to en-
act measures repeatedly considered
and discarded in the past. Scuttling
the patent system will not help win
the war
U. s. Short Wave Triumphs.
American short-wave radio is win
ming the Propaganda battle of the aid
waves In Latin America because 1t
has better programs than the Axis
nations, Guy Hickok, of the Inter-
American Affairs Office, told the
convention.
The Nations most important
propaganda is the President, he
added.
Our II short-wave stations are
going farther to please, persuade
and win the favor of Latin American
countries than all the stations op-
Grated by Germany, which spends
more than $160, ,000, 900 a year for
such propaganda" said Mr.. Hickok.
Berlin, Rome and Toxic broadcasts
| to Latin America total only Is hours
daily, while the IL American short
wave StdGioILS, OpcTdJco Oy SIX COfn-
panies, broadcast a total of 54Iz
hours day, Mr.. Hickok said,
adding:
President Roosevelt has a tre-
mendous following in South Amer
lea. They sell radio sets there by
displaying them with the Presidents
| picture and sign saying: Seven
pesos down and hear him on your
| own set"
Evening star., 1942-05-13

Handsome Is as handsome does.
Enhance your beauty by buying
War bonds.
Evening star., 1942-05-13
Graduates of Notre Dome

John c. Kirby, 1927 Maryland ave-
nue. NE. and James P. OLaughlin
of 1904 Underwood street NV. have
been graduated from Notre Dame
University, according to an an
nouncement today.
Evening star., 1942-05-13
DESTROYER Parker Launched

NEW YORK, May 13 (R.-The
1,650-ton destroyer Parker was
launched last night at the Mariners
Harbor, Staten Island, yard of the
Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corp. The
Parker is the fifth of II destroyers to
be built at the yard.
Evening star., 1942-05-17
D. {. Shows 70 Pct. Gain
Since Census In 1910

The District had q population Of
approximately $4,000 on January
1, an increase Of $4,000 persons, or
201 per cent since the taking of
the decennial census April l, 1910,
according to an estimate released
by the Census Bureau yesterday.
The population gain in the 21-
month period was more than three
quarters as large as the increase Of
176. .222 registered during the decade
ending in 1910. the bureau pointed
out. In the six months between
July !, 194l, and January l, l942,
District population increased 5000.
Practically all the recent popula-
ton gain is attributed to migration
from other parts Of the country.
with only a small part resulting
from the excess Of births over
deaths, the bureau said.
The estimates released yesterday,
which do not include military and
naval personnel in the District,
were prepared on the basis of local
data on school enrolment. resident
births, individual listings in the city
directory, and information on the
number of private customers Of gas
and electric companies. Through
the cooperation Of the r. L. Polk
Co., the bureau secured data from
the 1912 city directory In advance
Of publication.
Evening star., 1942-05-17
Honor Dinner Scheduled
For United Jewish Appeal

The United Jewish Appeal will
hold its annual honor dinner" at
$50 pm. Wednesday evening at the
WoodmonL Country Club in prepa-
ration for its war relief campaign.
Henry Monsky, national president
Of B'nai Birth, will be guest speak
er. Later in the week he will be the
first layman ever to receive the
honorary degree of doctor Of Hebrew
letters from Dropsie College for
Hebrew Learning.
Contributions this year should b
mailed to headquarters so that auto
motive equipment may be conserved,
according to communication sent
out by Rabbi Isadore Breslau and
Milton King, co-chairmen of the
drive.
The drive will open formally May
Is, according to headquarters in
the Jewish Community Center. Di-
rector Louis Spiegler expects to or
ganize 500 volunteer workers for
the shree-week campaign. Funds
from the campaign will be used
primarily by the Joint Distribution
Committee for relief work among
destitute European Jews.