davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1942-06-28

Commanding American forces in
European thedter.
Army Signal Corps Photo.
headed by professional Army and Navy
men, in which strategic decisions can
be made.
The assignment of Maj. Gen. Eisen-
hover as American commander OF the
European theater of war is step in the
right direction.
The unified commandment for United
States forces alone, but for all United
Nations forces-must be in the hands of
men who care nothing about political
considerations, but look at this business
of war with a cold professional eye.
It is only in keeping with the history
of World War II that the heavy respon-
sibility of a united command should fall
to American generals and admirals. Facts
speak for themselves The British, with
out doubt, are fine fighters, but their sys-
tenn of selecting leaders has been. in the
light of this war, unquestionably faulty.
Outside the brilliant evacuations opera
tions at Dunkerque and in Norway,
Greece and Crete, where trapped forces
managed to escape utter disaster, their
generals have not had much conception
how to fight this war.
The strategic conception of the de-
fense of the key to the British Empire.
Singapore, was, to say the least, puerile.
The story Of the defense-or rather lack
of defense-of Malaga and Burma-both
Of vital importance to the British EN-.
pire and the United Matt, ps-has been
Evening star., 1942-06-28
UNITED WAR COMMAND UNDER IT, s. NEEDED
Americas Professional Military Have Avoided British Defense

The urgent need for unified Allied
command, under the leadership of the
United States, has become apparent
since the fall of Tobruk, Britain's Libyan
stronghold.
Ever since the United Nations or
ganized to fight the Axis, following
Americas entry into the war, their
strategy has been hit and miss-fre-
uuently miss. Political eXigencies have
played a primary role in formulation
of major war plans and high strategy
has been dictated by considerations
which did not always follow strictly mill
tary patterns.
The opening of new fronts, such as
that now anxiously sought in Western
Europe by the Russians has been con-
sidered not in the light of the prospects
of success but as temporary make shifts
to relieve pressure elsewhere.
In most military quarters, where the
difficulties of establishing a new front
in Western Europe are fully realized, 1t
is contended that talk about such an
operation is good because OF its effect
on Axis strategy. How powerfully
war of nerves affects Nazi strategy is
questionable.
Axis Knows Facts About Us.
The Axis is aware of our shipping sit
uation is conversant with our proouc-
ton and knows more than the average
American or Englishman what losses we
are suffering. 1t is on the basis OF these
important factors that the Axis Is de-
Gliding whether to risk an all-out cam
paign in Russia or to hold back a slzable
reserve to resist future American-Br1t-
ish expeditionary force in Western Eu-
rope.
Except for recently announced sub
marine sinkings, Washington, and to
great extent the rest of the United
States, has been basking in the warm
sun of success recently, ever since 1t
became evident that the Coral Sea and
Midway battles have reduced japanese
naval power to an offensive defensive"
While naval and military authorities
have regarded our achievements in their
true light-that is, as important sue
cesses and not as decisive victories
some other high officials have gone on
q spree of optimism.
Responsible non-military quarters in
Washington found quite bit of con-
versation in whether the war would end
with collapse of the Axis in 1912 or 1943
And when skeptical Army and Navy men
remarked that they hoped it would not
end so soon, because we could not hope
to crush our enemies by that time and
thereby our prime purpose would be
thwarted, they were looked upon as de-
featists.
It is only human and natural, perhaps,
that after hearing only of defeats and
reverses, civilians in responsible posi-
tions should become super-enthusiastlc
over the signal successes OF the United
States Air Forces and Navy In the Pa
, eific.
The Tobruk affair and Its Ponse-
Evening star., 1942-06-28
Step Up Drives Russia and Egypt Part Giant Pnce Movement

its head. The War Department defined
theater of operations as an AREA
where combat is in progress or will be-"
a strong hint at the second front that
would be created by Allied invasion of
Europe. Gen. Eisenhower is responsible
for the American forces in Northern
Ireland and England, but competent
quarters in London foresaw his appoint
ment as but the predecessor of creation
of a unified command of American, Ca
madam and British forces for q major
invasion blow at the continent.
Eisenhower, 81. who last September
was only colonel, has arrived in Lon
don, and his presence was reported by
the Associated Press to mean just one
thing to certain qualified observers: The
stage of preliminary planning has passed
to phase of active preparation for
using the powerful armies assembled in
Britain. Gen. Eisenhower believes that
actual operations of battle begin weeks
and months before armies meet on the
field and that the army which does best
IN the preparation stage is most likely
to win the fight. The American general
commands both land and air forces. The
British still have a divided command
between land and air.
Lest the Germans, in their hour Of
SUCCESS, forget the second-front pros
poets, the Raj sent more than 1000
bombers in a mass attack on Germany
Thursday night. The principal target
was Bremen, the port where U-boats
are built and sheltered. A second force
of bombers and fighters attacked Ger
man-held airfelds in the Low Countries.
These raids apparently brought into
play a greater number of planes than
took part in the great raids on Cologne
and Essen May 80 and June /. But
the long interval between the raids on
Cologne and Essen and the raid on
Bremen reflects the difficulty involved
in real air offensive. In month Ger.
many can recover from many of the
shocks and losses that such raid brings
Evening star., 1942-06-28

The extent of enemy arson In this
country and the damage that it has done
are not matters of public knowledge But
the Federal Bureau of Investigation has
revealed that it has an active file of
$4,000 sabotage suspects. Yet no we'll
organized sabotage ring has been dis
covered.
Fired by a zeal for the Nazi cause,
these Saboteurs secure jobs in defense
plants and then lie in wait for chance
to strike. And they are hard to ferret
out because many of them operate on
a free-lance basis, without contact with
known enemy agents, and their methods
are unpredictable.
Many fires due to sabotage probably
escape detection as such. Others may be
shrouded in mystery for time while au-
thorities track down the malefactors.
Further, during time of war no fine dis
tinction can be drawn between arsonists
with purely personal motives and those
who deliberately set out to impede war
production. They both have the effect
of destroying valuable material and de-
laying the war effort.
Detroit Industries Hit.
A few clues exist to indicate that en-
emy sabotage is more extensive than is
generally supposed, though whether it
will exceed the $150,0O0, 900 loss reported
for the last war still remains question.
Gov. Van Wagner of Michigan recently
stated that saboteurs have struck at vital
war industries in the Detroit metropol-
itan area, and for the moment have
created greater danger than the threat
of enemy bombers.
The National Fire Protection Associa-
ton. recently reported that the Nations
sharply rising annual fire loss, which
may reach the half billion dollar mark
for 1912, has disclosed no proved cases"
of fire sabotage; yet other authorities
have pointed accusing fingers at certain
suspicious and highly coincidental fires.
Michigan National Youth Association
authorities suspect that sabotage may be
behind . series Of mysterious fires that
destroyed important Government prop
Evening star., 1942-06-28
Americos Twenty-N;nth Week of War
G47th Week, of World War ~
By Blair BoHes.

Egypt
Marshal
of the old cradles of civilization They threaten Canal
they
which British
months have been marked by much talk
though
lie between EgyptS
Egypts flowing artery of life
of
satisfied the requirements of strategy Egypt.
The last
matched by bad from Russia
relax its vain bombardmen
United Nations began
OF the Germans the
the oil fields
that
With the precious OIL how
The British withdrawal from bya political
strength of
he faces no confidence" motion
from China, where bad
Evening star., 1942-06-28
Russian Front

The Red flag still waves over Sevas-
topol, despite bombs bursting In air.
The present assault on Sevastopol,
guided by Gen. Erich Won Mannsteih, has
continued "a days. In that time, by
Moscow reckoning, the Russian defenders
of the port and naval base have defeated
six German and Rumanian divisions
the German 22d, 50th, 1920 and 72d, and
the Rumanian 1st and 18th-and de-
stroyed $50 Axis tanks and hundreds of
planes.
North of the Crimea the Russians
withdrew in some sectors. On Monday,
the anniversary of the OPEN
Ukroine ing of the war with Russia,
Drive the Germans launched a
Ukrainian offensive south
east of Kharkov under the command of
Field Marshal Gen. Fedor Won Book.
The Axis is pushing against the Donets
Basin region with, as usual, great losses
in men. The first major position which
fell to the Germans in their new Ukraine
drive was the town of Kupyansk. go
miles southeast of Kharkov, a railway
junction Of $4,000 inhabitants on the
forested banks of the Oskol River. The
Oskol is an eastern tributary of the
Donets, which flows through a rich
region of iron and coal deposits and
empties into the Don. The Don is the
barrier which holds the Nazis out of the
Caucasus.
The Russians fell back from Kupyansk
in an orderly manner that frustrated
Nal attempts to force wedges into their
lines. Some slight picture of the type
of fighting in this sector is given by the
Moscow communique: THE Fascist
Evening star., 1942-06-28

the strategic retreats of British forces
when they got into trouble because of
lack of military. preparations.
Defensively, the British high command
has done we'll; extensively, much less SO.
This war cannot be won by defense
minded generals and admirals. And for
the time being our men have shown
themselves, like the Russians, as pos
sessing the proper offensive spirit.
A United Nations high command led
by American military men and not sub
ject to political interference can lead
US to victory when we possess the equip
ment foeAour troops to light with.
Evening star., 1942-06-28
PERIL OF ENEMY SABOTAGE GROWS
FBI Complies File Of $4,000 Suspects
By DR.. William II. Easfon,

By DR.. WilIiam II. Easfon.
Research Director. Safety Research Institute.
erty and delayed war training during the
last year. -Four separate fires, each one
of which broke out in newly finished
building and in an operational key"
point, did extensive damage, including
the destruction OF SIS 900 worth of new
machine shop equipment.
In Rhode Island a series of forest fires
has been attributed to sabotage, though
it is unlikely that any evidence to prove
this ever will be found.
The ways in which saboteurs operate
are unpredictable. though fire in one
form or another is favorite weapon. An
arsonist may try to disguise his work as
an industrial accident" such as allow
ing boilers or machinery to overhead un-
til a fire results Or he may take the
more direct method and plant an incen-
diary where he knows a resulting fire
would do extensive damage.
Plugged Fire Extinguishers.
A common form of sabotage, closely
related to arson, is that of malicious
tampering with fire extinguishers. A
World War veteran, employed in the
Bayer Co. defense plant at Rensselaer,,
N. Y, recently was arrested and charged
with violating the Federal sabotage law
when it was discovered that he had
plugged the nozzles Of four fire extin-
guishers and had rendered one useless
by removing the valve control.
In Baltimore another defense worker
was sentenced to 10 months in prison
for slashing factory fire hose and plug
ging fire extinguisher nozzles.
A similar case of sabotage was re-
ported in a large Minneapolis factory,
converted to war production, where tiny
wooden plugs had been inserted in the
nozzles OF newly purchased fire extin-
guishers.
In an Eastern plant, 81 fire extin-
guishers were found to have had their
chemicals exchange for inflammable
mSterial. Other cases of malicious tam
pering with the fire extinguishers have
been discovered in the Detroit public
schools.
The widespread frequency Of these
Evening star., 1942-06-28

only partly told. Some day. after the
war is over. the whole truth of what
happened there will be given to the pub
lie and it will not be pretty story.
The latest defeat in Libya is not much
better. Large quantities of British and
American war material have been poured
into that region for more than a year.
The British high command did not have
even the excuse of the Far East COM
mand-too little and too late 1t is not
the British Tommy who has been de-
feated, for he is as good soldier as any
nation would want, but it is the British
generals, who have shown themselves
inferior to their opponents. 1t is true
that in some instances they have been
hamstrung by orders from politicians at
home, but this is a minor reason-espe-
cially as far as Libya is concerned-for
the lack of success of the British and
imperial armies.
American Generalship Has Worked
On our side of the ledger we can say
without boasting that, unprepared as we
were when this war was forced on us.
our generals and admirals have proved
their ability The defense of the Philip
pines revealed not only the stamina of
our trained soldiers, but the generalship
of our commanders. 1t is well-known
fact that the Japs threw three times. as
many troops into the fight to subdue
Bataan and Corregidor as they employed
against Gen. Wavell's British and i'm
perial forces in Malaga and Singapore.
Gen. Douglas Macarthur. 1t. Gen.
Jonathan M. Wainwright, now a prisoner
of the Japs, and Maj. Gen. Richard K
Sutherland, Gen. MacArthur's chief of
staf1, to mention only the headliners,
have proved that there is such thing
as American generalship. The ener-
getic measures taken by Gen. Macarthur
and Gen. Sutherland in the defense of
Australia demonstrate what American
generals can do.
The same thing may be said about the
Navy. Although British sailors and
officers deserve full credit for their en-
deavors, the British have not yet had
or Midway victory. The brilliant sue
cess of Admiral Sir Andrew Brown
Cunningham at Cape Matapan against
the Italian feet cannot be compared
with the victories OF Rear Admiral F. j.
Fletcher's task forces in the Coral Sea.
English Are Defense Minded.
The Italians were slaughtered at Cape
Matapan. Their only desire was to
break away from the numerically in
ferior British vessels. Admiral Fletcher
had against him hard-fghting, de-
termined and victory drunk opponent
who yielded only after bitter struggle.
These are the results of the divided
command of the United Nations. Except
for a few successes of American forces,
we have sadly failed to take the offen-
sive on any front. The time may come
when this will change, and it is hoped
that friendly cooperation with our
allies, under American leadership, will
transform our defeats into victories.
No one here can or wants to deny
the splendid resistance Of the British
against the Nazis when they tried to
bring Britain to her knees . year ago.
But that was defensive action, Is were
Evening star., 1942-06-28

the oases of the desert. Problems of
supply twice frustrated British hopes OF
pushing on farther into Libya when they
had reached the southern shores of the
Gulf of Sidra. Sir Miles Lampson, Brit
ish Ambassador to Egypt. put a good
face on the situation, saying:
I'VE shall beat the enemy decisively.
The population should remain calm. We
have confidence. Last year the situation
was much worse, and in spite of that
We won."
A Libyan-Egyptian campaign has be-
come an annual event. like the baseball
pennant races. Could anybody's victory
Evening star., 1942-06-28

used for cover by Won Book The Ger
man high command in Berlin reported
that the Nazis, in encirclement move
ment southeast of Kharkov incidental
to the battle of Kupyansk, captured 21,-
827 Russians, 100 tanks and $50 guns
Rome reported that Italian motor tor
pedo boats operating in the Black Sea
sank three Russian submarines. a $4,000
ton steamer loaded with munitions and
5,00O-ton supply ship.
Evening star., 1942-06-28

reports has spurred civilian defense au-
thorities to renew their warnings that
all extinguishers should be inspected at
frequent intervals for any signs of tam
pering. The nozzle should be unobstruct.
ed, the hose in good condition and the
shell should show no signs of denting or
corrosion.
Since hand extinguishers are the best
form Of first-aid defense against fires
due to sabotage, incendiary bombing or
carelessness, they must be kept in good
condition if they are to be relied on dur
ing an emergency.
North American Newspaper Aliance)
Evening star., 1942-06-28
By Constantine Br0wn.

quences, which may be of the gravest
nature unless the British rejuvenate their
Near East command, have brought to the
fore once more the absolute need for a
unified command, which is considered
possible to create in spite of the wide
spread distance over which we are fight
ing.
Those military and naval men who
talk about a unified command do not
mean one of those loose affairs in which
heavily beribboned and gold-braided
gentlemen do nothing but exchange
views which have to be referred to the
White House and No. 10 Downing street
for approval, but a single command
Evening star., 1942-06-28

command concentrated considerable
forces here cat Kupyansk, including
several hundred tanks and large num-
ber OF aircraft. and attacked almost in
cessantly. Air combats were in progress
continuously Enemy tanks repeatedly
attempted to pierce our defenses and
to strike at our troops from the rear.
Our troops repulsed the attacks and
checked the enemy onslaught. Then the
German command began to rush up re-
serves. Fresh infantry units were hurled
into action. This enabled the enemy
further to increase his numerical su-
periority.
Our units were compelled to retreat.
A pitched battle developed at the ap-
proaches to Kupyansk
kupyonsk and then in the town it.
Retreot self. Fighting was pro-
longed and exceptionally
heavy. Despite the enemys considerable
superiority, our troops selflessly defend
ed the town and the approaches to it
and clung for long time to every de-
fense line"
The airplane played a large role in
the battle of Kupyansk. The Russian
Information Bureau, which has exag-
gerated in the past, credited Russians
with shooting down 81 German planes
seeking to blast path for Won Books
ground forces. Soviet flyers were said
to have destroyed or damaged 81 Ger
man tanks So trucks carrying troops and
supplies and six fuel trucks in forest
Evening star., 1942-06-28

This hoUs 1ohat the situation the
SeDdStopol
naturalization SeuaStop Allied
be
they poend Developments Tobuk and SDastopo
lied hands, constituted the most important pdnts Ar Advances
blocked
passing Mediterranean
the eventual goal OF the campaign
Evening star., 1942-06-28
MARSHAL TIMOSHENKO.

RUSSIA S dOlc SLTlteglSt Is glUlHg
the Germans trouble at Khdrkou.
Wide World Photo.
9th Army-commanded by 1t. Gen. Neil
M Ritchie. who narrowly escaped cap
ture at Tobruk-had abandoned the
frontier strongholds of Salum and Sidi
Omar
Two serious aspects of the situation
were that the British lost great quanti-
ties of material in the four weeks of
fighting which led up to the fall Of
Tobruk-with $4,000 soldiers-and the
invasion of Egypt, and that Rommel
might get important reinforcements
across the Mediterranean in a short
time. On the other hand, Rommel's sup
ply lines are getting longer and thinner
as he proceeds over the dunes and by
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-08-09
Announce Troth
Of Helen Lehman

Mr.. AND MRS. JOHN LEH.
MAN Of Syracuse avenue an
nounce the engagement of their
daughter, Helen. 10 Theodore r.
Sheehan Jr., son of Mr.. and
Mrs. Theodore Sheehan of SUI
perior avenue.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-08-09
Mrs. De Voos Picnic

So thought the 45 women who
spent July 80 with Mrs r A..
De VoOS. whose home on rs
North Monroe avenue, and her
beautiful garden were turned
over 10 Unit No. ! OF the Red
Cross for a picnic
They had a splendid time. but
missed two of their leading Spir-
its. Mrs. Stanley Ruddiman VINO
had 10 be at her farm near
YpSilanti that day and Mrs ".
J. Cameron. busy with her
daughters wedding plans.
Mrs. J. w. Eschbach has been
spending her days az General
Motors. doing draughting for
airplanes. This weekend she
and Doctor ESchbach are max
ing a trip 10 Ohio 10 collect
their children who have been
visiting their grandparents.
Mr.. and Mrs. Howard Simp-
son are having a fine weekend
with their talented son, Howard
Jr. who is home from Michigan
State College for a few days.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-08-09
Women S Clubs Join
In Building u o Morale

TIVE Detroit Federation Of
L Womens Clubs. Womens
a dVertiSing Club, Parent
Teacher Association, mems Serv-
ice clubs and other groups are
joining IN movement TO build
up the morale Of the people Of
Detroit TO fight the war on the
home front
In a meeting OF representa-
tiveS Of many organizations
held Al Cafe old Madrid, the
plan was outlined by Prof. Pres
ton II Scott. head of the speech
department Of Wayne Unlver-
Slty who IS doing a volunteer
iob as chairman OF The speakers
bureau Of OCD.
As speakers we have job
~ morale building 10 do that
cannot fail" Professor Scott
declared.
III We fail. I'm little afraid
Of what may happen in three To
four months when price controls
begin 10 tighten, present stock
of goods becomes depleted. ra-
tiOning becomes reality in
stead of an unpleasant vision
and local group interest still
predOminateS."
Getting over 10 the people the
problems they VIII have 20 face
and why is the job Of the
Speakers Bureau An institute
course viii be gwen in Septem-
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-08-09
White Gardenias

She wore an -the-face tiara
of Chantilly lace and full
length bridal illusion veil. She
carried an arm bouquet of white
gardenias with streamers OF
white stephanotls
The brides attendants were
Miss Eleanor Weidman. maid Of
honor; Mrs. Bruce Clark, matron
of honor, and the Misses Jerry
Cruice, Shirley Todt. Arlene
Nogelsang and Mrs. Dean
SquireS as bridesmaids.
They were identically gowned
in overtones of pink honeysuckle
shades with long jersey bodices
and bouffant skirts Of ruifled
cable net over buckram petit
coats.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-08-09
Spea kVows
InCeremony
AtGesu
BY ANN VI. STARK

A s LOVELY as a rare and
n fragile flower was dark-eyed
Ellie Schneider, Saturday morn
ing when she spoke her vows to
Ii. Gerald Kean Vieson, son OF
Mr.. and Mrs. Frederick c.
Nieson.
The bride is the daughter Of
Mr.. and Mrs. Eugene Schneider
OF Wildemere avenue.
The Rev. Fr. Thomas c. Moore
onliciated at an IL o'clock cere-
mony in Gesu Church.
Candelabra. cathedral taperS,
cybotium ferns. white gladioli
and Madonna lilies enhanced the
altar.
The bride wore a white silk
marquisette gown with a fitted
bodice, full TERED skirt with
alternating ruffleS accented with
Chantilly lace, beginning at her
hip-line and continuing the full
length of her train.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-08-09
Fan Bouquets

They carried quaintly-faSh-
ioned fan bouquets of larkSpur
and rubrum lilies 10 match their
frockS.
Their large picture hats Of
shell pink maline were trimmed
with bands of pink ribbon which
hung in StreamerS reaching 10
the bottom OF their floor length
dresses.
Miss Weidman and Mrs. Clark
were distinguished by powder
blue Streamers and spray bou-
quets Of blue larkSpur.
Joseph VieSon, brother Of the
bridegroom. was best man and
seating the guests were Fred
erick {. Vieson Jr.. Paul CO.
lombo Jr.. Bruce Clark. Adrian
l.. DAILY Jr.. Dick Marsh. Bill
Mauck and T.. Sheldon Schneider
Of Grand Rapids, brother OF the
brtdp