davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1942-12-14

the world has known since tho
middle OF the 18th century, as
the Prussian Army. It has
finally suffered the same fate
as every other traditional insti-
tuition Of German life-the last
and most powerful institution to
60 into eclipse.
This destruction has been
piece-meal and began long before
Hitler came to power, through
the systematic penetration into
the ReichsWehr of Nazi cells"
This was resisted by the Reichs-
wehr, which required loyalty to
its own code, and its own code
alone.
In 1881, two years before
Hitler, the Reichswehr threw out
three lieutenants-Lt. Scheringer
was the most famous of them,
because he repented and turned
Communist in his cell-because
they were discovered to be Nazi
agents in army ranks.
First Showdown in 1894.
From the outset, the relations
between the Reichswehr and
National Socialism were COM
plicated by a moral dilemma.
The Reichswehr, traditionalist
included, had assisted National
Socialism, as a political move
ment, because of its rampant
nationalism, its anniversaries
policy, its anti-pacifism and it's
hold on the masses-a hold which
the conservative nationalist had
completely lost.
At the same time, however, the
army tried to keep its own
organization intact and pure"
Out of this situation came an
internal struggle for mastery
not mastery of the state, but
mastery of the army.
The first big showdown was in
June, 1884, when Capt. Roehm,
organizer Of the mass party army,
the SA attempted to coalesce
his million storm troopers, who
had been trained in units dupli-
eating the army organization,
into the still small Reichswehr.
The Reichswehr resisted,
Roehm insisted, and Hitler cut
the Gordian knot by killing
Roehm and his chief lieutenants.
Limited Victory.
1t seemed at the time to be a
complete victory for the Reichs-
wehr, but it was connected with
Goering's murder Of two "polit-
ical" generals, not OF the Nazi
persuasion, Won SchleicheY and
Won Bredow. With this Hitler, at
the very moment of yielding to
them, uttered a terrible warning
to the officers corps.
An underground tug of war
has therefore existed since the
very foundation of the Third
Reich. Occasionally the struggle
brought manifestations to the
surface. The army defantly held
funeral services for the slain gen.
erals. The army chaplains pub
licly protested the anti-religious
measures and propaganda of the
party.
The army tried to protect per-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1942-12-14
The Great Game Of Politics
Tofts Sponsorship Of Anti-soIotionism
Resolution Hailed as Major Event at MEETING

Willkie resolution was adopted with
a whoop and Mr.. Taft did not vote
against it-perhaps, because there
was no roll call: or because he was
reconciled by its modification or
because 1t would have gone through
anyhow. But, he clearly did not
approve it.
Now, apparently, he approves it..
At any rate, he moved its reafirma-
ton. which brings him closer to the
position Of his distinguished father,
the late President, who, like Charles
Evans Hughes, Herbert Hoover,
Elihu Root and other Republicans
OF prominence at the time, was pro-
League and pro- World Court.
Power Within Party.
Within the party organiza ton.
Senator Taft is strong man. He
has more party friends than Mr..
Wlllkie and, while he is not again
a candidate for the presidential
nomination, he will have no little to
do with naming the Republican can
didate and framing the Republican
platform in 1914.
That he and Mr.. Willkie are now
so close on the fundamentals of
postwar foreign policy seems to
preclude the thing of which far
sighted Republicans are most afraid
to wit, a split in the party on a
fundamental issue.
The other day one of the best of
the practical politicians trenchantly
expressed it In this way: I'VE ought
to win in 1914" he said, "if we do
not again make the mistake of try
ing to elect two men on the same
day."
Success Not Assured.
With the party now wholly freed
from its isolationist chains, there
seems no prospect of such a split.
But the mere absence of split does
not, as has been proven, insure Re-
publican success. That depends on
a number of things.
One is whether, as is claimed, the
New Deal tide really has turned at
last and is running against the ad-
ministration. Another is the quail
ity Of the Republican leadership in
the next Congress Another is the
character of the platform and the
caliber of the candidate.
The country may have turned
against the New Deal-and the last
election looked that way-but it
isn't ready for another Harding,
nor even a Coolidge.
Incidentally, the personality of the
new chairman, Harrison Spangler,
Is not particularly important. Ger
tainly, he is an old-style politician,
but, at least there is no unsavory
smell about him such as still clings
to his Democratic counterpart, Eddie
Flynn of Belgian paving-block fame.
Anyhow, Mr.. Spangler will be
chairman only until the convention
dominates.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1942-12-14
French In Africa Form
Lafayette EscadriIIe

~ the Associated Press.
ALLIED HEADQUARTERS IN
NORTH AFRICA, Dec. Is Delayed
1t. Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower
announced today that French fighter
pilots In North Africa were forming
a Lafayette Escadrille to perpetuats
the name Of the famous organiza-
tion Of American volunteers who
new for France In the First World
War.
The group win be equipped With
American planes which will be
serviced by American ground crews,
the announcement said.
The Lafayette Escadrille was con.
ttnued after the last war by . squad
ron Of French flyers who adopted
the Indian head - their tnd&ne. q
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1942-12-14

what the world
is to be like after
the war, II am
going to ask q
question or two.
The hrst ques-
ton I am going
to ask Of the
men with tho
far-away look in
their eyes. the
long range Vi
sion, the troubles
Of the globe on
their shoulders,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1942-12-14
This Changing World
Messing Of German Force in Greece and Crete
Presoees Possible Hitler Drive on Syrio

10000 men Of which some 10000
are IN Tunisia facing Gen. Ken
meth Anderson and the rest are
in Cyrenaica facing Gen. Bernard
Montgomery.
Allies Must Guard Morocco.
The Allies have a substantial
force between Casablanca and
Tunisia, but much Of 1t must be
maintained in Morocco lest the
Germans make a dash through
Spain and induce or coerce Gen.
eralissino Francisco Franco to
join them.
There are some 100000 we'll
organized and equipped soldiers
in Spanish Morocco. Until the
situation regarding Spain be-
comes clearer, it would be dan
gerous for us to throw too large
an American force to support
Gen. Anderson's 1st Army.
There is, OF course, q good
French army In North Africa, but
1t still lacks adequate equipment
f. weld 1t into a real fighting
force.
Delay Intensifies Resistance.
In Syria and Egypt there are
British and Fighting French
forces-but they are not in par
ticularly good shape.
Is is obvious now that Gen.
Anderson must be strongly REIN
forced before he can risk an all
out attack against the Axis forces,
which have an excellent strategic
position. This delay, which ap-
parently was inevitable, has
opened up many new possibilities
which may make our success in
North Africa a more embittered
affair than was expected at first.
In responsible military quar-
tiers 1t is believed, however, that
the final victory will be ours
since eventually we will have an
overwhelming force in the field.
Nevertheless, there is a certain
amount Of uneasiness over the
possibility Of the Nazis upsetting
our plans by an attack on Syria.
Can't Afford Setback.
Military observers who are not
inclined to be moved by wishful
thinking believe that Hitler may
undertake such an operation If
he thinks it will be successful,
but he cannot afford a major de-
feat there because Of repercus-
sions In the Reich.
The campaign in Russia has be-
come a purely defensive operation
which is now mostly behind fort
ifications in their winter quar-
tiers. Weather conditions do not
permit the extensive use of the
Luftwaffe; hence, Hitler has
planes to spare for other fronts.
AL these factors point out that
soon we may witness the resump-
ton Of large-scale operations in
North Africa, where we may be
required to make the greatest
effort of the war. There seems to
be no danger whatever Of losing
our gains so far, but . serious
danger to the Western Mediter-
ranean may develop In the next
few weeks.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1942-12-14
Hitler Finally Contrives to Eclipse Army,
Lost Powerful Institution in Germany

secuted civilian conservatives.
That Pastor Niemoeller could
preach so long and that he still
lives, though interned for years,
is doubtless due to persistent
army pressure.
Furthermore, though the Of
ficers' corps unanimously wanted
the end of the disarmament
clauses Of the Treaty Of YER
sailles and the building Of an
army equal to that of any Euro
pean power, many of them did
not want war, but only strong
army for bargaining purposes.
Actually that was how Hitler
first used tin his series OF
bloodless victories.
Warned Hitler.
The officers corps warned Hit
Ter in anticipation of every rad
ical step. Having gotten the
army they wanted from Hitler
they were not at all enthusiastic
about being led to war under his
leadership, which they distrust-
ed. There is evidence that some
of them warned the western
powers to oppose the reoccupa-
ton of the Rhineland, and it is
known that the army only un-
dertook to march into the Rhine
land with instructions to retreat
if encountering opposition.
The first open break after the
Roehm affair between members
of the high command and the
Hitler government occurred in
January, 1888, over two matters:
The Blomberg case and the
march into Austria.
Gen. Blomberg was the media
tor between the officers corps and
the Nazi party. The officers
corps regarded him as a compro-
missing character and dangerous
to them. They used the occasion
of his marriage to force his
resignation.
At the same time IS other
generals were dismissed, and in
these dismissals there was a
repetition of the Roehm affair.
For although the army won, in
the case Of Blomberg and also
against having Goering as his
successor, Hitler dismissed the
leaders of the opposition against
his politico-war plans. Chief Of
these was Gen. Won Fritsch, who
opposed marching into Austria,
perhaps for military reasons
that he believed it would pre-
cipitate a great war; perhaps
because of a word of honor given
by the German Army to the Aus
TRANS.
In the fall Of the same year,
the chief Of staff, Gen. Beck, re-
signed following series Of
differences of opinion with Hit
Ter. Beck, as chief of staff, was
responsible for drawing up the
whole war plan and apparently
would not draw one to suit Hitler.
Evolves Winning Combination.
The successor Of Beck as chief
OF staff was Franz Halder. Mar
shall Brauchitsch had the high
command of the army. The chief
generals were Keitel, Won Book,
Ritter Won Leeb, Won Witzleben,
Won Blaskowitz, Won Kleist, Gu
dorian and Won Rundstedt. This
was the setup which won every
campaign up to the battle Of
Moscow.
In this period Of unbroken VIC
tories, at least until the Russian
rupture. frictions between Hitler
and the army were suspended.
The officers corps accepted
Hitlers political leadership as es-
sential to winning the war and
indeed-he emerged In their
minds as political genius.
Hitler, on the other hand. left
the military campaigns to the
generals. So everything was
hunky dory until the war in
Russia began.
ITO be continued)
(Released by the Bell Syndicate, Inc.)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1942-12-14

l a S t t e W
weeks inpor-
tant m ov e.
m e n is Of
troops a n d
aviation have
b e e n r e {.
ported.
Because Of
the reputed
S trife be-
tween t h Q
generals rep
resenting the
old German
orietpp a = "
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1942-12-14

w e r n e r w.
Schroeder I o r
chairman. Had
h e won, t h e
p ar ty a 6 a i n
would have been
b a dl y sneared
with the isola-
tionism b ru S h
a n d harmony
would have gone
out the window.
The other was
t he action of
Senator Taft in
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1942-12-14

the economic life
Of the Nation.
Today under
the stress OF
war, the oppor-
t u n / t y I o r
planned econo-
my" has come.
And the New
Dealers are in
Office. They have
plenty OF public
funds, plenty of
authority a n d
plenty Of con-
trolls over the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1942-12-14

German gen.
eral staff.
Shake-u up is
h ar ly the
word. To put
it in its larg-
est aspects,
Hill er has
d e S oy e d
that combi-
n a on of
tradition, mo-
rale. military
science, code
and con t l.
nuity which
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1942-12-14

NE opinions OF the urtters this page their oon
necessarily The Stars Such opinions presented In The
Stars effort to gve all sides of questions of interest
readers although such opinions be contradictory among
themselves and directly opposed to The Stars.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1942-12-14
Per|zweig Says Nazis Plan
To Crush Jews Everywhere

By the Associated Press.
PHILADELPHIA, Dec. 14.-"The
purpose Of the Nazi party is not to
destroy the Jewish people of Ger
many, but to destroy Jews every
where" DR.. Maurice S. Perlzweig,
head of the English section of the
World Jewish Conference. declared
in speech here last night. He
spoke at a mass meeting in the Ben
jamin Franklin Hotel
"Our first reply must not be wall
ing or mourning at our lot, but to
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1942-12-14
BY FRANK r, KENT,

There were two encouraging
things about the recent Republican
Committee meeting in st. Louis.
One, Of course. was the defeat Of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1942-12-14
On the Record
BY DOROTHY THOMPSON.

1t is impossible in single
column to throw sufficient light
on what has happened in Ger
many with the shake-up of the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1942-12-14
|McLennore
A Peace TuIk Recipe
For Uncle Sam
By HENRY McLEMORE,

The next time-which will also Do
the first time-that the leaders OF
the United States include me In one
Of their round table discussions OF
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1942-12-14
Oil Rutions
Chilly for
New Deal
Lack Of PIonninq
Held Typical Of
Planned Economy
BY DAVID LAWRENCE.

For many years the term New
Deal has been synonymous with
planned economy" Some day, its
sponsors said, the State would plan
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1942-12-14
BY CONSTANTINE BROWN,

Military men in Washington
are watching with increasing in
terest German concentrations In
Greece and in Crete, where in the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1942-12-14

Mackall & Coo
Merrill Lynch, Pierce,
Fenner & Beane
Robinson, Rohrbaugh 4
Lukens
K. S. Wales & Co.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1942-12-14

Folger, Nolan & Co.
Hall, Peters & Bryson
Hemphill, Noyes & Co.
W. B. Hibbs & Co.
Charles NJ. Henderson & Co.
Johnston, Lemon & Co.
Robert c. Jones & Co.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1942-01-16
CARD OF THANKS

We wish to express to the many
friends our sincere appreciation for
the tokens of sympathy rendered
US during our recent bereavement.
We wish to extend our heartfelt
thanks to all who so kindly assist
ed and for the words of sympathy
and the beautiful floral offerings
extended at the death of our be-
loved daughter and sister, Byanthia
Lee Smith. Especially do we wish
to thank the nurses of Seview Hos
pital, Staten Island, New York,
Mr.. and Mrs. W. H. Mosley and
mother and Camphor Church men,
bers for their beautiful floral offer
ings and Rev. Nelson for his
words of comfort.
Mrs. Jennie V. Smith, mother.
Mrs. Boykin Stone and Miss
Johnnie M. Smith, sisters.
James K. Smith, brother.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1942-01-16
American Indian Origination

Anthropologists - they are the
men who study man-have estab-
ished beyond reasonable doubt"
that the American Indian originated
In Siberia, where practically the
same types exist today. He mi
grated here, trickling down through
out our continent, by way Of Alaska.
The time of the Indians coming
was around 5000 years ago. How
is he faring today? The once van
ishing Indian population Of the
United States is now over 361, 500,
a gain Of nearly 100,0 since 1900.
Furthermore, the Indians are
steadily moving toward a wholly
self-supporting existence. And our
red brothers have the proud salts
faction of knowing that they con-
tributed to our love Of the out-of-
doors, gave us corn and tomatoes,
potatoes and squash, added to our
store Of words, and founded the first
real American art with their fine
handicrafts.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1942-01-16
Mercury Most Elusive
Planet; Gains on Earth

The planet Mercury is about
36, 100000 miles from the sun, as
compared with the earth's distance
of SO, 0O0, 900 miles. It moves around
the sun four times during one of our
years, and so it gains three laps
on the earth each year. Three
times 1t swings out to the east of
the sun to be visible in our evening
sky, and three times it swings out
to the west of the sun to be visible
In our morning sky.
Because of it's nearness to the sun.
Mercury receives about six times
as much heat as we do. Also il
appears to turn the same face
always toward the sun, in the same
way that the man in the moon"
keeps his face always toward the
earth. The result Is that the SUM-
ward side of Mercury is hot enough
to melt lead, while the part where
eternal night prevails is intensely
cold. These extremes of tempera-
ture combined with its lack Of at
mosphere make it certain that our
kind Of life could not exist in this
world.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1942-01-16
What Other
People Say
GeOrgia's TaImadge


"Down in Georgia Talmadge is
refusing to line up with our de-
tense program, being the only Gov
ernor in the United States refus-
ing allegiance to our great Presi-
dent. His stand in the matter of
his nations emergency explains his
stand on matters of education in
Georgia. Hill-billyism does not
commend itself in a national emer-
gency. It works finely when the
colored man is the prime issue; but
once matters become international
in scope, it becomes a flop and fiat
tired."-Gordon Hancock.
with the Japanese swarming
over Luzon and with memory of
Pearl Harbor too fresh in our
minds, America still insists on it's
color line.
e.. apparently bombs will have
to drop nearer than Pearl Harbor
before certain dollar-a-year men in
Washington will wake up. The
same thing goes for Americas
color line" Roy Wilkins.
GAIL honest Americans admit,
some openly and boldly, others in
the quiet recesses of their own
minds, that the status of the Ne
gro in America is the lowest of
any racial group in our land.
Abundant evidence is available to
support this fact. Progress has
been and is being made, but in
some fields the distance between
his status now and the status of
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1942-01-16

interesting and helpful message
for the young people.
With only thirteen more weeks
before the close of the conference
year in April all auxiliaries of the
church are swinging into full ac-
tivity to make a full report. The
attendance at the service last Sun
day morning was very encourag-
ing. Pastor Clarence T. R. Nelson
is urging the members to attend at
least one service in their church
each Sunday of the year, especially
until Easter. Mrs. Irene Smith
and Heloise Tabor are attendance
secretaries, who keep record of
those attending the Sunday ser
vices, and Mrs. Levissa Roland is
the guest secretary.
PILGRIM BAPTIST CHURCH
NEWS: The Trustee Board of Pill
grim urges all the church organi-
cations to report on the fourth
Sunday.
An invitation is extended to all
members and friends of Pilgrim
Baptist church to attend a special
Candle Lighting Service Sunday,
Jan. 18 at 8 p. n.y., memoriaizing
such notables as DR.. L. K. Will
liams, late president of the Ma
tional Baptist Convention; the late
DR.. East, Foreign Missionary to
Africa; Rev. L. W. Harris, late
pastor of Pilgrim, and others.
The members of the recently or
ganized Anna o. Jordan Mission
airy Society will also be formally
introduced to the congregation at
this service. A lovely program has
been planned-everyone is urged to
be present.-Maureen Coleman, re-
porter,
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1942-01-16
Training Dog Easy When
Confidence Is Gained

All dogs are blessed with natural
intelligence and are not hard to
train. Of course, as in everything
else, the Would-be trainer must
start the right way. This unfor-
tunately is not always done and the
result is that the puppy is thrown to
one side and labeled ''brainless,"
whereas, if a trainer would only
take the trouble first to gain the con-
fidence Of puppy before attempt
ing any method of teaching, there
would not be so many so-called
dumbbells.
Gaining the puppy's confidence is
the first and most important step
in the training. The tinid and nerv-
GUS type requires great care. One
must understand puppy of this ma
ture much more thoroughly than
that Of the more aggressive and
fearless type, and a wrong move
during the training of tinid puppy
may result in complete and per-
manent failure. After all, dogs are
very human, more human than
many people will admit. If the
trainer would lose sight of the fact
that he is training an animal and
train it more as a child, he would
meet with satisfactory results be-
cause the two methods of training
are more or less identical.
One must first gain the confidence
Of child if the best results are to
be obtained. Dog training is based
on this same principle. Of course,
many people lack the necessary
qualifications to become trainers,
such qualifications as proper under
standing and sympathy. These are
most important factors. Without
them one would only meet failure
and ruin what might have been
really high-class trained dog, and
1t is not so much what we teach
but the manner in which we teach
It that counts.
Indian Princess
Pocahontas, the warm-hearted In
dian princess who saved the life of
Capt. John Smith, was the daughter
of the great Powhatan, head of the
strong Virginia Confederation,
whose rule extended over 40 tribes
from the James to the Potomac
rivers. Captain Smith, a gallant
soldier of fortune, organized the
first English settlement in what is
now the United States, at James
town in 1907. One day the daring
captain ventured into the dangerous
Virginia country and was captured
by Powhatan's braves. They were
preparing to beat out his brains"
as Smith himself wrote in a third
person account Of the adventure,
when Pocahontas, 1.-The Kings dear
est daughter got his head in
her arms and laid her own against
his to save him from DEATH" The
soldiers life was spared and Pow
hatan and he smoked the pipe of
peace.