davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1942-02-20
Montana's Only Admiral
Well Qualified for Job

Rear Admiral John H. Hoover, &C
cording to an official naval news re-
lease from San Juan. Puerto Rico. has
ample qualifications for his new post
as supreme commander of American
forces in the western Caribbean re-
gion. Hoover is believed to hold a high
er naval post than ever has been
granted previously to a Montanan.
Hoover Is a brother Of w. H. Hoover,
for many years a Great Falls prac-
ticing attorney, now western counsel
for the Anaconda Copper Mining Co.
of Butte. Born In Ohio in 1887, Adj
miral Hoover entered the naval acade-
my at Annapolis from Great Falls in
1903 Although of the class of 1907.
he was graduated with the section Of
the class commissioned in September,
1906. He Is Montana's only admiral.
The news release was from head
quarters of the 10th naval district at
San Juan. It states that:
In the interest Of unity Rear Ad-
miral John H. Hoover, commandant
10th naval district, has been placed
in command of all navy. army and
marine corps activities for the Carib-
bean frontier.
This unification Of command Is be-
lieved to be unique, at least in recent
defense annals Of the United States.
The area covered includes all waters
of the Caribbean, except the southwest
corner, extending into the Atlantic to
the north of the eastern end Of Cuba,
and north Of the Dominican Republic
and Puerto Rico. 1t extends south to
cover the water area off the Guianas
and east, including all of the Antilles.
THE new command enlarges the
duties of Rear Admiral Hoover, who
is among the very few officers of his
grade qualified to command subma-
rines and designated as well as a naval
officer. He took up aviation at the age
of Al, when detailed to the naval air
station at Pensacola, Fla, for training.
He has had broad experience afloat
and ashore.
During the earlier years Of his
service Rear Admiral Hoover special
lied in cruisers and destroyers, par
ticularly in torpedo and fire control,
design and operation. During World
war he commanded destroyers
abroad. From 1923 to 1926 he had sub
marine duty in the Canal Zone and
at the navy department. Washington.
He took the pilots course in aviation
in 1928.
Graduating from the navy war COL
lege in 1882 Rear Admiral Hoover five
years later completed the course at
the army war college. Between 1928
and 194l he commanded the aircraft
carriers Langley and Lexington. In
1941 he was promoted to the grade
of rear admiral and assigned the COM
mand of the 10th naval district, the
Caribbean coastal frontier and as a
task unit commander in the Atlantic
fleet"
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1942-02-20
Court Says Railroad
Is Not Gunner of Oil
Found On Land Grant

The supreme court held that rail-
road granted a right Of way through
the public lands by congress in 1875
did not acquire ownership Of the un-
derlying oil or minerals.
Justice Murphy delivered the 7 to 0
decision on test case to determine
whether the Great Northern Railway
Co. could drill for oil on a section
of its right of way in Glacier county,
Montana.
The railroad said the question was
highly important" because several
hundred thousand miles of land had
been granted under the 1875 act and
thousands of acres was In oil bearing
or mineral bearing districts with a
value aggregating many millions Of
dollars" Justice Murphy said that the
railroad had but an easement" and
hence has no right to the underlying
oil and minerals"
This result" he added, docs not
freeze the oil and minerals In place"
Murphy said that the railroad would
be free to develop" the land should
lease be executed under legislation
passed by congress in 1910.
The decision was limited to the land
directly at issue in the case.
The justice department said the 1875
statute was intended ito grant to the
railroads right of passage across the
public domain"
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1942-02-20
State May Get
Rubber Plant
INVESTIGATION is PROMISED BY
JONES IN INTERVIEW WITH
WHEELER, O'CONNOR

Federal Loan Administrator Jesse
Jones has promised immediate inves-
tigation" Of the possibility of estab-
lishment Of synthetic rubber manu-
featuring plant in Montana.
His promise was made during a
conference with Senator B. K. Wheeler
and Congressman ]. F. O'Connor of
Montana.
Senator Wheeler said he and O'Con-
nor told Jones petroleum, natural gas,
acetelyne and coking coal are avail
able in Montana for the manufacture
Of synthetic rubber.
These products are available in
Montana in sufficient quantity to
warrant plant which could be main
tanned on a permanent basis after the
war emergency, Wheeler said.
The Montana members of congress
also discussed with Jones an applica-
ton by the city of Helena for a $4,000
RFC loan to be used for enlarging
the school for aviation mechanics
there.
They said Jones' attitude toward the
Helena loan application appeared
favorable. He pointed out that avia-
ton needed more mechanics than are
available at the present.
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1942-02-20
Seven NelU Men Named
To Highway PdtrO!

Seven new appointments to the Mon.
tana highway patrol were announced
by Supervisor Charles L. Sheridan.
Named to fill recent vacancies we're
John A. Garland, Havre, to replace
C. c. LIE Sueure: Gail c. McKain,
Eureka, to replace Howard McGuin:
RAYMOND Sanders. Rosebud, to fill the
vacancy caused by transfer of Hugh
Potter to Butte to replace John Flana-
gan
Richard Albert, Anaconda, to re-
place Arnold Frederickson; Wayne P,
Morris, Broadus. to replace Man
Blakesley.
Willis B. Jones. Billings, and Tom
Yost, Deer Lodge. were named to the
patrol as special weighing crew.
Most of the vacancies, filled from
the patrols reserve list. were due to
men leaving for the armed forces or
defense Jobs.
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1942-02-20

Drive Carefully During 1912
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1942-02-20
VICTORY" FARM
LOANS AVAILABLE
OF VITAL FOODS: YOUTH
GROUPS INCLUDED

Food victory farm loans will be
made available by the farm security
administration to aid in increasing
production of vital war foods. Chair
man R. ]. McKenna of the Montana
USDA war board has announced.
Loans will be quickly available, he
said, to farm laborers, tenants. low
income owner-operators and part-time
farmers who can not finance food pro-
duction through any other source.
Loans are made for the purchase Of
feed. seeds, fertilizer. tools, materials
needed for new facilities, poultry and
livestock, canning equipment, materials
and equipment needed for food storage.
rental of workstock and power equip
ment and adapticipation in coop
erative organizations-espe those
designed to provide for group repair
and use of machinery.
THE war board wants this food for
victory plan to increase the supplies
of subsistence foods and contribute
an additional supply of commodities to
the vastly expanded war market. The
farm security administration has as
sured us they will devote every effort
to making the plan a success" Nc
Kenna said.
LOdllS 70 ellaDle montana DOyS ana
girls in all rural families to contribute
to wartime production of needed foods
can be made also under the program
Existing youth groups eligible for
participation are the All, Future
Farmers of America and similar organ
izations, such as the food-for freedom
clubs. individuals must be members Of
organized clubs which have officers.
n
sufficient land for the project. before
they can be eligible. Individual clubs
must determine types Of products
needed in their particular area, the
means Of disposing Of them. agree
upon a single project for all members
of the club, and have plans for the
acquisition or lease of such equipment
supplies. livestock and such other items
as may be required to supplement
what is available for carrying on the
work
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1942-02-20
0ntana ] axing
Bodies Advised
To Cut Budgets
TAXPAYER ASSOCIATION MAKES
IL WARTIME ECONOMY
SUGGESTIONS

The Montana Taxpayers association
will ask all city. county and school
officials to re-examine budgets to de-
termine what reductions might be
made in expenditures during the re-
mainder of 1912
These budgets were drafted in
peacetime and it Is possible some ex-
penditures planned might be curtailed
or modified now that We are at war;"
Secretary Fred Bennion said after a
special meeting of the associations
directors.
The directors outlined II wartime
economy recommendations to be made
to county. city and school officials
Bennion said the association will
canvass county commissioners. city ad-
ministrators and school boards to de-
termine what steps are being taken to
readjust budgets and expenditures.
The II suggestions:
l. No new construction Of public
buildings, parks. sewers. streets. roads
and bridges, but only maintenance
during the duration in order not to
compete for labor and materials for
national defense.
2. No new machinery or equipment
purchases except for necessary re-
placements.
3. In making repairs, cut out un-
necessary frills.
4. Keep expenditures within normal
revenues and use proceeds from alb
normal delinquent tax collections and
land sales to reduce indebtedness
maintain sinking funds and reserves
and to make possible reduced tax levies.
S. No new bond issues.
6. Practice rigid economy in use of
county. city and school supplies but
maintain sufficient stocks for efficient
operation.
7. Counties and cities add no new
public services.
8. Schools add no new courses.
Q. Utilize vocational education equip
ment and facilities to the fullest ex-
tent.
10. Examine and maintain adequate
fire defenses and make certain all
public buildings are sufficiently COW
cred by insurance at properly adjusted
rates.
II. Study city and county travel
needs to conserve tires and cars as
much as possible. consider joint use OF
county owned cars, exchange of duties
between officers to avoid duplicating
trips and more extensive use Of the
mails by officials and taxpayers In
connection with public services.
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1942-02-20

tunately most Of the tribe were hunt
ing in the Wind river mountains and
valleys, and did not contract the dis
ease until later in the season.
When the st. Peters was at the
mouth OF the Little Missouri a Black
feet was permitted to go aboard the
boat, and then return to his tribe. In
this manner the smallpox was carried
to the Blackfeet, where it wrought
havoc as 1t had done among the Man.
dams.
AS has already been stated, some of
the Indians, notably the Assinniboines,
Justly held the whites responsible for
the introduction Of the terrible disease.
and called for revenge. But the same
cause had contrary effect upon the
Blackfeet. They had been about to
declare war on the whites when they
were stricken. They believed their suf-
fering was due to this premeditated
act Of treachery against their pale
face friends; that the Great Spirit was
angry with them, and they did not
choose to further antagonize Him.
Hence their voice was for peace.
A letter in the preface of MaMnil-
ian's Travels says it was reported that
bands of warriors on their way to at
tack the trading posts were literally
exterminated by the plague. not one
remaining alive. If this is true, it is
not surprising that the Blackfeet be-
came pacific, or as the writer expresses
it, humble as famished dogs"
Few Hunters Left
That year trade in furs did not fall
off as much as was expected but the
following year, although the buffalo
were plentiful, there were but few
hunters left to kill them, and but few
squaws to tan the robes This resulted
in great financial loss to the traders.
How they regarded it, and how it
doubtless affected their treatment of
the Indians is best learned from a
letter written Feb. 25, 1888, to Pierre
Chouteau Jr.:
Late last evening Provost arrived,
and this morning Sunday we have
all been occupied perusing the melan-
choly details of plague, pestilence and
devastation, ruined hopes and blasted
expectations"
In an earlier letter to Halsey, who,
carried the smallpox to Fort Union,
the company says that "the calamity
was calculated to fill us with dismay
as regards the trade of the Missouri
for some years to come. We can only
view it as a visitation of providence
with which, though it would be vain
for us to contend. it behooves us to
make the best of existing circum-
stances; to put forth all our energies;
and by pursuing a course of strict
economy in our expenditures, with kind
and conciliatory conduct to the In
dams who have escaped this dreadful
pestilence, endeavor, by prudence,
fortitude, and perseverance, to sup
port ourselves under the melancholy
scourge."
Halsey well understood, or thought
he did, how much providence" had
to do with the introduction Of the dis
ease among the Indians. Where provi-
dence appeared was in the sequel, the
pacific spirit it awakened in the In
dams and the expressed purpose Of
he company to treat with greater
kindness the red men they were ex-
plotting.
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1942-02-20
Trophy AlUard Dinner
Held at Miles Citu

A trophy award dinner was held at
Miles City Feb. II in recognition Of
that division Of the Milwaukee road
having attained the best employe
safety record for 1871 Of any Of the
IT divisions of the roads ll,OO0-mile
system.
On behalf Of the employees OF the
record possible. Supt. A. w. Hervin
was presented with an engraved silver
cup by H. A. Scandrett of Chicago.
chief executive of the railroad. The
Trans Missouri division extends from
Mobridge, S. D., to Harlowton.
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1942-02-20

John, hadn't you been drinking
when you came in last night?"
That's Just like woman! Just be-
cause had little difficulty in get
ting in. because I couldn't pronounce
few words, because I took off my
clothes in the Lvingroom, and wore
my silk hat in bed, you rush to the
conclusion that I had been drinking"
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1942-02-20
4sMALL BUSINESS" BILL

Chairman James Murray OF the
senate small business committee has
introduced a bill creating a special
division of the war production board
to aid small enterprises which he said
are facing bankruptcy and chaos"
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1942-02-20

Add currant jelly to the gravy served
with venison. It gives delicious tang
to the gravy.
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1942-02-20

Cupid has blksd Western Air Lines
Olson and Thma
passengers from Pocateo Great Falls and Salt Lake City respectively
Miss Roll daughter of Fritz
Henry Hance Poco Feb ~ Miss Olson daughter of Mrs Ella
Zn Wright Great Falls The marriage Of Miss daughter Of
City also scheduled for February All three girls have lived together
Air Lines flying from Salt Lake 70 Lethbridke.
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1942-02-20

The black rat Is smaller and less
ferocious than the brown rat.
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1942-02-20

Portugal has fewer than 100000 in.
habitantS.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1942-03-25
RUSSIANS MAY BE
 TAKING KHARKOV
Continued from Page D

(Continued from Page D cars, 90 mine throwers, 424 machine guns, 169 automatic rifles, 107 anti tank rifles, 1,749 ordinary rifles, 6,04O shells, 15,481 mines and 16 cases with mines, 2,200 rifle car- trtdges, 4,17O hand grenades, IA range finders, 16 wireless stations and 19 pieces of telephone apparatus. Additionally, the communique aS- serted, the Russians destroyed S6 enemy aircraft, A guns, four ammu- milton dumps and 173 trucks of sup- plies.
 Red army men on one sector of the Kalnin front were reported to have destroyed in three days 13 Ger man blockhouses, q gun pits, 10 sub-machine guns and machine guns eight guns, 26 loaded trucks and seven armored cars. More than 600 Germans were killed.
 Front line advices reported the annihilation of the German 219th Division (15,OO0 troops) and said violent fighting was in progress at the approaches of Vyazna, on the central front, which was partly en- circled, and around Kharkov, Rus Sia'S fourth city, in the Donets.
 The special communique report ed additional feats of the air force and daring exploits of guerrillas.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1942-03-25

Mrs. Hargrove Eighteen months in Moscow as Britain's ambassador obviously have given him deep re- spect for the embattled Russians respect which he hopes other people of the United Nations will share with him:
 "When we all realize that Russia is holding the battlefront that ulti- mately will win the war, and when we send her all he supplies she needs, and even more than she needs --only then can we begin to think of peace"
 RUSSIA HOLDS
 seKEY TO VICTORY"
 He speaks in the deep, sonorous voice with which radio listeners are already becoming familiar, voice which bids fair to rival those of Roosevelt and Churchill in elo- quence. His blue eyes are kindly, yet they can flash like steel as well as twinkle with quiet merriment. He has the grace and ease of man. ner that bespeak an aristocratic up- bringing, and he dresses with the aristocratic Englishman's native elegance Yet his most memorable characteristic is simplicity far re- moved from the background of
The Waterbury Democrat., 1942-03-25

When the present war broke out he left 8 $10O,OO0 law practice and off@ed his services to the country.
 His services, however, were not particularly welcome. Not only was he a vigorous opponent of the prime ministers policies, but he had also alienated himself from the Labor Party when he advocated Popular Front of Liberals, Socialists and Communists to oppose the Chamber lain government. So, with no ap- pointment forthcoming, he toured the United States, China, Japan, and India. He is @ personal friend of Pandit Nehru, leader of the All- India Congress party.
 Shortly after his return, when Churchill had succeeded Chamber lain, Sir Stafford was made ambas- Sador to Russia. It was an ambss- sadorship which began as an almost hopeless assignment, in the face of the Russo German alliance, and ended brilliantly with Cripps as his
The Waterbury Democrat., 1942-03-25
HUGE SALARY
 INCREASES HIT
Continued from Page D

' (CONCluWeQ 1rOtu FdSe ~
 ficials, of course, cannot be attribu- ted solely to defense work as 1884 was considered one of the depres- sion years, yet there was Q number of large increases in 1940 over 1888, the latter a so-called normal year of business. Salaries during this period showed increases as high as l81 per cent.
 while the salaries of officials inc creased tremendously during the first year of the defense program, incomplete figures for 1941 indicate that there will be @ much greater increase as the program progresses.
 An example of the individual companies comprising the IS select ed as sample showed wide vari- ation in the percentage increase in compensation of individual officers. The percentage increases during the period 1934-194I (using the first And last year for which complete in- formation was furnished) range from approximately 22 per cen to 1881 per cent (J. B. Armitage, chief engineer of the Kearney & Tucker Corp).
The Waterbury Democrat., 1942-03-25

three others were machine -gunned during a subsequent swoop over the field.
 The flyers said Japanese casualties could not be determined because 1t was not known how many strafed planes contained pilots. The only Japanese defense was an antt-air- craft machine gun mounted on 8 truck.
 The Chiengmai airdrome, about 90 miles east of the Thai-Burma border, has been one of the prin- cipal enemy bases for enemy aerial operations against Allied airdromeS in Burma. The Americans attack probably was the opening move of a large-scale offensive designed of offset new Japanese aerial rein- forcements arriving from the Neither lands East Indies and Malaya.
 Apparently attempting to smash American and British air forces, the Japanese this week have repeatedly blasted at the Allied base of Magwe 150 miles southwest of Mandalay on the Irrawaddy river. Six enemy at- tackS were made Monday on Sfno- British troop concentrations near Toungoo, key allied defense point 166 miles north of Rangoon.
 Latest reports from the Toungoo front along the Sittang River des- cribed gierce hand-to-hand fighting between Chinese infantry and the Japanese Thai invaders seven miles below Toungoo Both sides were said to be suffering heavy casualties
 Although the original battle ground was reported along the Pyu River, 35 miles south of Toungoo, a Chungking army headquarters communique said 1t was believed the Chinese had repulsed several coun- attacks and were holding their original" positions.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1942-03-25
EVIDENCE HEARD IN $l5,OOO SUIT

Trial continued into the second day in the $15,OOO damage suit brought by Patrolman James Dow ney, a member of the local police department, against John H. Cassi- dy, local lawyer, with evidence be- ing heard by Judge Frank P. Me- Evoy and a jury. The court recessed at o'clock.
 The patrolman alleges he suffered severe and permanent injuries on Oct. 31, 1940 when he fell through a wooden trap door in the rear of property on Willow street owned by the defendant while trying the locks of stores.
 The plaintiff charges the local lawyer with negligence in permitting the trap door boards to become loose.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1942-03-25
War Now Carried To. Japan's Home Waters
Continued from Page D

ted the base was severely dam- aged"
 Guided by their flares, the bomb- ing crews sought out the airfield, hangars, oil and fuel dumps, water tower, maintenance buildings, radio station and military barracks which were their main objectives. Their bombs started huge, billowing fires at three points. Tracer bullets from Japanese machine guns and shells from bigger guns which opened up as the plane approached disclosed anti-aircraft and shore batteries which were bombed and Strafed.
 Radio Station Hit
 The radio station was struck by a demolition bomb and blown sky high.
 Later Tokyo and, it was believed, Yokohama went on an all-out alert as Japan learned of the attack less than 1000 miles of its east coast. Four approaching planes threw ToRyo's air raid precautions into high gear, until the planes were identified as Japanese aircraft. Radio Tokyo was not heard for 24 hours, and the Japanese metropolis observed its. first blackout of the war that evening, according to radio news dispatches from the city the following day.
 Much Significance Attached
 A naval spokesman said attend ing circumstances provided the Marcus mission with significance beyond actual material damage.
 Our air group has again struck blow whose effect cannot be corn- pletely determined in terms of ma terial damage" the executive officer of this carrier said.
 Tt cannot but make the Japs stop and consider when we strike one of their bases located SO close to Tokyo and only 660 and 705 miles, respectively, from their pow erful island bases at Chicha Jima and Saipan.
 "The enemy can have no doubt that the U. s. navy is maintaining it's traditional policy of offensive atcion."
 Located at latitude 24 degrees IS minutes north, longitude 153 de- grees 5S minutes east, Marcus is- land is triangular in shape, slightly more than mile in length on each side, and about four miles in cir conference with an area of about TAO acres.
 Island Looked Tiny From the sky, it appeared "tiny as thin dime" to the attacking pilots, who overran the island in the moonlight and circled to attack it from the west.
 The American pilots expressed especial eagerness for their tasks in both raids. They executed the at- tack on Wake with particularly per- sonal interest, indicating how well they remembered Wake"
 Marcus proximity to Tokyo like wise served as a special stimulant, the pilots expressing a desire to head an adequate force on a con- centrated attack upon that city and Yokohama.