davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1942-12-26

the Russian fight even before, from
the opening moments Of the German
invasion.
Shaposhnikov' life has been COM
pletely devoted to his profession.
He has written a number of books.
all dealing with various aspects of
strategy. Right now Hitler is prob
ably regretting that he did not
take time out to read them.
He looks like a soldier. He has
been described as tall, broad -shoul-
dered, well-tailored and we'll mani
cured" with a touch of austerity
and elegance about him.
Like many another great military
mind Marshal Shaposnikov gets his
chief relaxation in playing chess
AS chess addicts known, the end
game is the most difficult and most
important part of the game Sha-
poshnikov is considered a master of
the end game
For 18 months now Hitler has
made the gambits and captured the
pieces, but he has failed to sweep
the board And Shaposhnikov is
waiting. His strategy is drawn up,
and when the Allies are ready to
join Russia it is Hitler who will be
checkmated in the end game,
Evening star., 1942-12-26
New Law Authorizes
Labor Unions in Egypt

Egypt has published a new law
establishing the right of worknen
to form unions. Unions must reg
lister with the Ministry Of Social
Affairs in Cairo, submitting a copy
of their bylaws and balance sheet
and a list of members.
The union books must be kept in
prescribed manner and the &C
count books must always be open
to official inspection. A union may
make labor contract, but 1t must
not deal with political or religious
questions 1t may organize on either
a craft or industrial basis and may
federate with related unions.
Employers are forbidden to inter-
fere with their employees right to
join or refrain from joining a union
Workmen of foreign nationality may
join a union if permanent residents
of Egypt and their number does not
exceed 2o per cent Of the total men,
bership.
Evening star., 1942-12-26
First Sub Ever Built
On Great Lakes Starts
Long Voyage 10 Sea
300-Foot Croft Cost
81 500, 900; Constructed
In Sections and Welded
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
CHICAGO, Dec. 26. The
U. S. S. Peto, first naval subma-
rine ever built on the Great
Lakes, has begun its long voyage
to the sea.
Headquarters of the Ninth Naval
District announced today that the
big undersea boat, more than 300
feet long and deadly as a nest Of
rattlesnakes, had entered the ILL
nois Waterway on her way to join
the fleet.
She will be ready for action the
moment her snout tastes salt water
at New Orleans.
Tested in Lake Michigan.
The Peto was constructed at Man
itowoc, Wis. by the Manitowoc Ship
building Co. Her keel was laid June
10. 194l She was launched last
April 80 and commissioned Novem-
ber o. Four more subs are in the
water at Manitowoc and five more
on the ways.
For reasons of national security
news of the Peto's departure was
withheld until she had passed safe
ly through the Chicago River and
was on her way to Lockport, Ill.
There she will be eased into a great
box, a sort of floating drydock, for
her trip down the Illinois River and
the Mississippi
This drydock will enable it to float
across the shallow reaches of the
rivers.
Built in Sections.
All tests for the Peto, including
dives, were conducted in Lake Mich
igan, with compensation being made
for the fact that fresh water is not
so buoyant as salt water. The un-
dersea craft was accompanied on
the tests by the Tamarack. a con-
verted Coast Guard vessel equipped
with a diving bell and other rescue
devices
Details of the Petos construction
are closely guarded secrets, but the
Navy has authorized a statement
that she cost s7,500,000 and is of
long-range type. She was built in
sections and welded, a new method
developed at the Manitowoc yards.
Evening star., 1942-12-26
Guiding Genius of Red Strategy
Began Army Career Under Gar
Shoposhnikov Ronks
Next to Stain in
Final Authority
By the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
In a year and a half Of Russian
German war the spearhead of the
Nazi biitzkrieg has been blunted and
the struggle has become war of
attrition, in which the Red armies
are sapping away Hitler's strength.
On June %, 1s4f, a hitherto in
vincible German Army launched
its invasion of Russia. In a few
short weeks Leningrad and Moscow
were to be captured and the Red
Armies were to be destroyed-so the
timetable ran.
Today the fourth round Of the
war finds Russian forces holding
the initiative on all fronts, develop
ing winter offensives Of great po-
tentiahty.
Next to Joseph Stain, who makes
the ultimate. overall decisions. the
man most responsible for Hitler
Illustration, is just another long
unpronounceable Russian name to
most Americans. According to
Washington military circles, he Is
Marshal Boris Mikhailovitch Shapo-
shnikov, chief of the general staff
of the Russian Army.
There is no reason for Shaposh-
Dikov's being we'll known, in the
opinion of one. military observer
who makes his point in American
football talk:
Stain is the quarterback-he runs
the team and calls the plays. Mar
shall Timoshenko and Gen. Zhukov
are field commanders-they carry
the ball and make the touchdowns
But Shaposhnikov is like the coach
he makes up the plays, yet he is
always in the background.
Based on Long War.
Shaposhnikov's strategy. from the
start. has been based on the neces-
sity of an extended struggle, whose
primary aim is gradual strangula-
ton of a weakening enemy.
First, he had to slow down the
German advance, and, secondly, to
wear down the Nazi strength.
To achieve these aims, Shaposh-
nikov developed two strategic ma
neuvers which departed from the
classical pre-war concepts of the
brass hats" but effectively upset the
Nazi time schedule.
l. His use of the offensive defen-
sive. as the Nazis described it. The
Russians refused to retreat as rapid
ly as possible, fighting minor rear
guard actions only Instead, al
though they were forced to with
draw, they constantly lashed out in
furious large-scale attacks, using
tanks and planes, which temporarily
forced the Germans back on the
defensive
2. His determination to retain
strong defensive points to the bitter
end, instead Of pulling out with
comparatively small losses.
Both maneuvers caused the Ger
mans to complain that the Russians
were fighting like inhuman bar
Evening star., 1942-12-26
Mrs. Westry B. Boyce
Wins WAAC Promotion

Mrs Westry Battle Boyce, for the
last eight years prominent in Gov
ernment circles, and since last Oc-
tober WAAC service command di-
rector with headquarters in Atlanta
Ga, was advanced from third officer
equivalent to a second lieutenant
to the rank of first officer or cap
tain, in the Christmas promotions
announced at headquarters of the
Women's Army Auxiliary Corps.
Mrs. Boyce. who lived at 1920 S
street NV, did insurance work until
1884, when she was appointed ad-
ministrative assistant in the NRA.
She later served as chief of the in
surance section, Rural Electrification
Administration. from 1886 until
June. 1941, when she was appointed
administrative officer of the Fed
eral Works Agency.
Evening star., 1942-12-26
DurIon
Continued From First Page

services today with a mass to be
said later in Rabat, French Mo-
rocco A huge throng, showing
little emotion, passed the bier yes
terday at the Governor Generals S
Palace.
The Imperial Councils meeting
was scheduled for today. and Gen.
Giraud-who only last week ex-
pressed a wish to avoid politics
and remain in strictly fighting
role-was being mentioned as
likely to take Admiral Darlan's
place.
Other council members rushed
back to Algiers. along with 1t. Gen
Dwight D. Eisenhower, who was
making Christmas visit to the
Tunisian front lines, for the con-
ference.
Others mentioned with Gen
Giraud as possible successors are
Gen. Bergeret. former aviation Sec
retary in the Vichy French cabinet
Gen. Auguste Nogues, governor of
French Morocco: Pierre Boison
governor general of French West
Africa, who turned over that terri
tory and Dakar to the Allies blood
lessly at Admiral Darlan's behest
and Yves Chatel, governor Of AL
geria
The assassin shot Admiral Darlan
once in the mouth and again in
the lung. and the admiral died en-
route to a hospital.
The killer wounded Commandant
Hourcade. the admiral"s aide. in
the leg, and surrendered to another
aide, Adjt. Andre Vuichard, who
smashed punch to his jow. .
He told Adjt. Vuichard: Il sur
render; my gun is empty"
Evening star., 1942-12-26
Closing Chicago Grain
By the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
CHICAGO, Dec. 26-Late buying
today lifted all grain prices to frac-
tional net gains for the ost-holiday
short session. with corn up almost a
cent to new highs for the past sew
eral months.
Strength Of corn was attributed to
whether conditions and recent hog
price advances which many dealers
thought indicated market supplies
will be restricted. Short covering
operations also appeared in wheat
and rye pending announcement Of
the new flour price ceiling,
Wheat closed l2-Ss cent higher
than Thursday. May and July,
1868; corn, As. up, May. 937s "a;
July, s4a; oats, 12-7s higher; rye.
I.-1, higher.
Evening star., 1942-12-26
Young Men Best Fitted
For War, Physical
Directors Agree
Those Over 80 Can't
Stond Military Life.
Experts Declare
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
CHICAGO, Dec. 26.-Young men
are the best fitted to withstand the
grueling tasks exacted in military
service, just as they are in athletics,
a group Of medical men. physical di-
rectors and military officials agree
Their opinions, gathered in a SYM
postum, differ, however, as to fthe
reasons.
Discussing the halting of induc-
ton of men over 80 years old into
the Army. DR.. ]. R. Miller. dean of
the Northwestern University College
of Medicine. said today that men in
their 30s do not have the resiliency
of youth. This is evident in sports,
where few men are active after 49,"
Can't Stand Marching.
DR.. Miller said that noticeable
body degeneration begins in the
third decade of life. and that many
athletes begin to lose their resiliency
in the late 20s. Young men can
sleep on the ground and undergo
other hardships encountered in the
Army and come back fit the next
day, but those in the third decade
can't"
DR.. John S. Coulter, former Army
physician. asserted that this is not
a war for men over 40. Proof of un-
fitness is shown when they come to
the obstacle courses now in use to
harden them. Older men can't even
stand double-time marching"
Erwin Boyer, instructor of physi
cal education who is training 400
Air Force cadets at the University
of Chicago, said that strength in
men reaches its zenith between the
ages Of 20 and % and then subsidies
gradually. He believes general en-
durance reaches its peak in men be-
tween IS and IS.
Training Counts.
Strength and endurance may be
compared" he explained. Strength
localizes one part Of the body and
endurance relies on heart and lung
capacity"
After men pass IS they usually
turn to fHorts which have a greater
recreational and social value, in the
opinion of Leon Kranz director OF
physical education at Northwestern
University. Up to Is, he said. men
are interested in sports which re-
quire training.
Mr.. Kranz believes that 'it's train
ing that counts" and said that al
though men have maintained we'll
trained bodies far past the draft
age they have not done so from g
swivel chair. The reason men de-
generate so fast after Is is because
they give up the activities that keel
their bodies conditioned
DR.. Arno S. Luckhardt. Univer-
sity of Chicago professor Of physi-
ology, said the age at which mar
fades" physically depends on wher
he stops exercising
Evening star., 1942-12-26
Girls Aid Commands
As Barge Builders

Making barges for Commando
raids is the task of an army of girls
working in shipyard near Glasgow
Scotland They are the main source
of labor there
A year ago the great central shed
OF the yard was repaired. New ma
chinery was installed, slips con-
structed Three months later the
gates swung open to admit the new
Workers-the women.
Men were on hand to do the heavy
work and train the girls for their
Jobs. But most of the working crews
were girls from the Scottish training
centers to act as filters, women from
the town to be trained as welders
to work on the new style welded
craft. Now the barges are getting
into mass production.
Evening star., 1942-12-26
DC. Employees Work
Half Day in Spite
OF 48-Hour Plan
Commissioners Expected
To Study New Schedule
At Meeting Next Week
Earlier Story on Page A-8.)

Earlier Story on Page A-8o
District government employees
we're given a half day today as
usual on Saturday, although a
number of Federal Government
departments and gencies
worked a full day under the new
48-hour work week
No decision was made about future
Saturdays for municipal employees.
The matter is expected to be consid-
cred by the Commissioners next
week
A District Building source said
that it was felt that local employees
might not have to work the 48-hour
week, adding that the determination
Of the length of work might be with
in the discretion of the city heads.
This. it was pointed out. would per-
nit District employees to continue
with their present 44-hour week,
which now includes four hours on
Saturday.
The announcement of the half day
did not come until about Is minutes
after the usual Saturday closing
time-12:l5 pm. AS District OFF,
cials conferred during the morning
on the problem, telephone calls were
being received constantly at the Dis
trict Building from various District
agencies asking what decision had
been reached.
Those taking part in the confer
ence included Engineer Commis-
sioner Charles w. Kutz-the only
commissioner at his Office today
Budget Officer Walter L. Fowler,
G. M. Thornett. secretary of the
Board of Commissioners; Corpora
ton Counsel Richmond B. Keech.
and Victor A. Howard of the Dis
trict Personnel Board
At the District Building it was
estimated that some $500 local en-
ployes will be affected by the de-
cision on the 48-hour work week
A District official said the decision
would affect practically all en-
ployes of the District government,
except firemen, policemen and
teachers
Evening star., 1942-12-26
British Colonial Expert
Calls at White House
BY the Associated Press.

BY the ASsoclateo PresS.
Lord Haley, head of the British
delegation to the recent Pacific Re-
lations Conference in Canada. called
on President Roosevelt today and
discussed with him in general terms
the conference proceedings.
Lord HALEY, considered an author
ity on British problems in India and
Africa, was accompanied by Lord
Halifax the British Ambassador He
will lecture at Princeton University
before returning home.
Evening star., 1942-12-26
YuIe Moves Man
To Ask Return
To Chain Gonq
By the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
PHILADELPHIA, Dec. 26.-
A man walked into detective
headquarters at City Hall and
told Detective Chester Pea
cock: The Christmas spirit
has got me, buddy. I'm an
escaped convict from the North
Carolina chain gang and 1
wanta go back"
The man gave his name as
Joseph Walter Merritt, A. of
Raleigh, N, c.. and said he had
escaped last September 2. Rec
ords show that a man by that
name escaped from the Warren
County prison camp on Sep
tember g. He was serving II
months for forgery.
Evening star., 1942-12-26
Pigeon Mail Service

Ayrshire County Council in Eng
land has established a pigeon mail
service as an emergency help should
the telephone break down, the birds
being obtained from the National
Pigeon Service members at a charge
of 4 cents a fight.
Evening star., 1942-12-26
Another Earthquake
Rocks Turkish Areas

By the Associated Press.
BERLIN From German Broad
casts. Dec 26.-The Berlin radio
said today that another earthquake
shook Turkey last night, rocking
IStanbul and another district.
| A Reuters dispatch to London said
the towns affected were near the
Sea of Marmora and included Izmir
| and Yenisehir.
Evening star., 1942-12-26

ChieaEo Cash Market.
Wheat, No. 3 dark Northern. .36S.-i1
tough. .35il2. No. dark Northern, ] "a.
Sorn So 9ls 1eoN NO. ysloV No aa-e2ha so nsv
No. 5, s2ias4ia: sample, 67s4-15 No. 2
white, 1.10. Oats No. 3 white toush, 54h4;
sample, So: No. j special red heavy. SIS.
Barley, mailing. S5-l .04. nominal: feed.
6O-75 nominal. Field seed unchanged
Evening star., 1942-12-26

Why should your Uncle Sam have
to dun anybody to buy = War bond
to help preserve the democratic way
Of living? Buy = bond as your own
expression Of willingness to help.
Evening star., 1942-12-26
Tropical Park Entries
For Monday
By the Associated Press.

FIRST RACE-Purse $500; claiming;
:'year-olds and upward; furlonss
Evening star., 1942-12-26
FOURTH RAcg-Purse. $500; elaimins

FIFTH RACE-Purse. $500 claiming
3-year-olds and upward; furlonss
Evening star., 1942-12-26

THIRD RACE-Purse, $500: special
WEIGHTS: maldens: 2-year-olds furlongs.
Evening star., 1942-11-10

tions. Next week follow this rule
on garbage collection days.
S. Paint, oil, varnish, floor polish
and beer cans with cone-s shaped
tops are not wanted. All food and
touacco tin cans are wanted.
Evening star., 1942-11-10
Sewer. Extension Urged
By Citizens GROUP

Extension of sewers in the vicinity
of Thirty-first and Adams streets
NE. was urged last night by the
National Gateway Citizens Associa-
ton at its meeting in the Church
of Christ.
The group recommended that suf-
f1cient appropriations be allowed the
Sewer Department for the work.
It was proposed that the sewer,
which it was said now stops on
Adams street between Thirtieth and
Thirty-firs streets, be extended to
South Dakota avenue and that those
on Thirty first street and South Da-
kota avenue be connected with the
proposed sewer on Adams street.
The motion also asked for the
construction of "catch basins" at
street intersections to take care of
storm-Wate drainage.
Another resolution passed would
retain members, now in the armed
forces, in good standing without
payment of dues for the duration
of the war and one year afterWard.
1t was recommended that Alvin C.
Minetree, past president of the as
sociation, now a nonresident of the
area, be made an honorary member
Seven new members were voted
into the group: Charles F. Green,
ST.; Minor T. Dow, w. w. Glencross,
Paul E. Piscorz, C. A. Ridgeway,
B. H. Simpkins and Louis Suskind.
l.. M. Green, president, presided.
Evening star., 1942-11-10
Roosevelt Tells France
III. ). Never Will Break
Ties With People
Speculation Is Roised
Thot Henry-Hoye Might
End Vichy Connection
BY GARNETT d. HORNER.

The French people had Presi-
dent Roosevelt's assurance to-
day that I'VE never will' sever
friendly relations with them de-
spite the diplomatic break with
the Hitler puppets" at Vichy.
Mr.. Roosevelt emphasized the
clear distinction In American eyes
between the Vichy Government and
the 100000 people of France in a
formal statement issued a few hours
after Vichy Ambassador CASTOR
Henri-Haye was handed his pass
ports by State Department ennis
sary yesterday afternoon.
Pierre Laval, Vichy Chief of Gov
ernment, was evidently still speak,
ing the language prescribed by Hit
ler" when he broke relations with
this Government, Mr.. Roosevelt de-
clared, adding that while he regrets
Laval's action there is nothing we
can do about that
Nevertheless" the President pro-
claimed, mo act of Hitler, or Of
any of his puppets, can sever rela-
tions between the American people
and the people of France. We have
not broken relations with the
French. We never will.
U. S. Aid Will Continue,
"This Government will continue
as heretofore to devote its thought,
its sympathy and it's aid to the res
cue Of the 45,00000O people of
France from enslavement and from
a permanent loss of their liberties
and free institutions.
The Presidents S words added weight
| to earlier evidence that in its pri-
mary concern for liberation of the
French people this Government
was comparatively Indifferent to
what happened to the formal tie
with Vichy after it had served its
main purpose of giving us opportu-
nifty to clear the way through repre-
sentatives on the ground for the
current campaign in North Africa.
Secretary of State Hull frankly
put it this way at a press confer
ence preceding issuance of Mr..
Roosevelts statement-the United
States is fighting with all French
men opposing the Axis and against
all Frenchmen playing Hitler's game
This Government, the Secretary
added, confidently counts on the
cooperation and gratitude of at
least 95 per cent of the French peo-
pie in connection with our expedi-
! ton for "the relief" of French
Africa, which he described as the
! first step in plans ito come to the
relief of all enslaved peoples in
Europe, including France proper
Henry -Haye May Repudiate Vichy.
There even was some speculation
among Washington acquaintances OF
M. Henry-Haye that he might re-
pudiate his Vichy connection and
Evening star., 1942-11-10
Suggestions Listed
For Scrap Donors

The District Salvage Commit
tee asks that donors of scrap
iron and steel and non-ferrous
metals be guided by the follow
ing suggestions:
/. For collection calls, tele-
phone Republic 8488.
2. When a collection is re-
quested, please. hold material
until a representative Of the
Salvage Committee calls.
3. If you request collection
for scrap metal, please include
any rubber or rags which you
may have. Put all your ma
terial together.
4. Please do not request col
lections after 5 pm.
5. Please do not request col
lections on specific days. Col
lection trucks and manpower
must be conserved.
6. Do not request the Salvage
Committee to make collections
of trash or materials which are
not salvagable.
7. If you wish to donate your
material to charity agencies,
call one of the following: Good
will Industries, Salvation Army,
Self-Help Exchange, Volunteers
Of America.
Evening star., 1942-11-10
Mrs. Doyle and DR.. Holmes
To Speak on Radio Program

Mrs. Henry Grattan Doyle, presi-
dent OF the Board of Education, and
DR.. w. C. Holmes, assistant super
intendent of schools in charge Of
teachers colleges and senior high
schools, will speak at 2;15 pm. to-
morrow over Station WMAL in the
first of series of broadcasts in
cluded in the radio education pro-
gram conducted by school officials
in cooperation with Station WMAL
and The Star.
The School Radio Committee
headed by DR.. c. M. Huber of Will
son Teachers College has taken
Education for Victory as the
theme for the series. Junior high
schools will participate in the pro-
grams during the course Of the
school year. Stress will be laid on
the preparation for problems of
the postwar period.