davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1942-11-19
Favors Leaving Decisions
To Leaders on the Scene.

To the Editor of The Star:
In The Star for November Is there
are two articles side by side on the
same page-one by Dorothy Thompson
and the other by David Lawrence, both
discussing the same subject but taking
different views. Each is sincere and
sensible and truthful, but If I had to
pick one or the other as the better plan
to pursue would pick the one written by
Mr.. Lawrence, because I think it is far
more expedient and wise to let the people
on the job determine what should be
done. Diplomacy and war are compli-
Gated subjects. have confidence in our
leaders and know that and others like
me, including columnists, are poorly
qualified to say what should be done in
such an emergency.
don't believe for minute that Dar-
Ian will be retained in his present po-
sition any longer than is expedient. If
Eisenhower saw fit to play ball with Dar-
Ian, he had good and sufficient reasons
Tor doing so. CLYDE PALMER.
Evening star., 1942-11-19

volving men In private employment.
The tendency to stretch deferment
claims for Government employees has
been the subject of considerable
criticism in Congress, and the Presi-
dents order indicates his belief that
the complaints are not without
foundation. Mr.. Roosevelt is to be
commended for his evident determi-
nation to rectify this inequitable
state of affairs, and it is to be hoped
that, as a next step, he will lend his
support to the movement which is
getting under way to bring Govern
ment employment policies generally
In line with those which the war has
imposed on the rest of the country.
The practice of loading up the Fed
eral payroll with unnecessary en-
ployes in time of war is hardly less
reprehensible than permitting Fed
eral employment to be used as a
refuge from the draft.
Evening star., 1942-11-19
Myths of Wartime

Every war produces it's own crop Of
legends. During the conflict of 1914
to 1918, thousands of people conf
IDENTIFY believed that Russian armies
were somewhere" in England. Many
individuals testified that they had
seen them with their own eyes. The
government again and again denied
the presence of Muscovite soldiers
within the boundaries of Britain, but
the myth still persists. Even less
reasonable, yet still more popular, is
the story of angels or at least medic
val bowmen fighting for the English
at Mons. The origin of that beautiful
but incredible fable was the imagina-
ton of Arthur Machen, professional
writer of weird and mystical tales.
More recent and more important
at the moment is the widespread con-
viction that chaplain at Pearl
Harbor on Sunday, December 7, 1941,
manned a gun against the Jap
raiders.
Historians commenting on similar
developments coincidental with other
struggles deny that General Pershing
ever announced, on arriving in
France, Lafayette, we are here!"
Neither did he sponsor the slogan:
Hell, Heaven or Hoboken by Christ
mas" The reply of Major Charles w.
WhittleSey of the Lost Battalion" to
the Germans who called upon him to
surrender was not what it has been
alleged to have been. Nor did Gen
eral Sherman ever proclaim: war
is hell"
Among the pronouncements for
which supporting evidence has been
found are: Colonel William Prescott's
Don't fire until you see the whites
of their eyes; John Paul Jones' Il
have not yet begun to fight; Captain
James Lawrence's Don't give up the
ship; Captain Oliver Hazard Perry's
"We have met the enemy and they
are ours; Admiral David G.. Far
ragut's Damn the torpedoes 60
ahead!"; Brigadier General Barnard
E. Bees There is Jackson, standing
like a stone wall!"; General U. s.
Grants II propose to tight 1t out on
this line, If 1t takes all summer" and
| Admiral George Dewey's "You may
Evening star., 1942-11-19
Federal Deferments

The Presidents move to cancel
occupational deferments for Federal
workers, assuming realistic appli-
cation, should be received with ap-
proval throughout the country.
In government, as in private in
dustry, there are a relatively small
number of men who can render the
greatest wartime service to their
country in their civilian capacities.
This may be true. for example, of
specialists in the Navy Yard or of
highly trained men in the Federal
Bureau of Investigation. In these
cases, where replacement is not
feasible, it would be foolish to send
such men into the Army as buck
privates.
But there can be no doubt that
there has been considerable abuse of
the provision for occupational de-
ferments in the Federal departments
and agencies. Many men, whose
services are not literally essential,
have been deferred because of the
deap-seated reluctance of bureau
chiefs and department heads to &C
uuiesce in any reduction of their
STATS. Yet this condition ought not
to be tolerated in the Federal estab-
lishment at time when the Gov
ernment necessarily is insistingsthat
the needs of the Army be given the
benefit of the doubt in all cases in
Evening star., 1942-11-19
THIS AND THAT
By Charles E. TrGcelUell.

People have sneezed on him, without
his picking up cold.
Even when he feels miserable, himself
he does not understand that the virus
of the common cold, as far as the experts
have been able to determine is so fine
that it goes through the most obdurate
of filters.
He is unable to comprehend, SEEM
ingly, that he is an actual spreader of
sickness. Even the word of his own doc
tor at times will not convince him.
May not this come about because the
folk wisdom of the race is so much older
than scientific knowledge?
We are all ready to place our faith in
vitamins, but few of us are willing to
give over the ancient beliefs held by
countless generations of men.
One of these beliefs is lack of
belief or knowledge in many things, in
Guiding the common sickness called a
cold Nobody knew what caused a
cold, SO there was no use to take any
precautions.
Today perhaps 80 per cent of the
populace acts upon this ancient folk
knowledge or belief-or lack of knowl-
edge. 1t has only slowly begun to per-
colate through the average mind that
there actually may be some risk in
sneezing on another.
X x
Today there is every reason in the
world for trying to keep other people
from catching colds.
One OF the main ones is that the less
colds there are, the less chance every
one will have of catching another
There can be little question that the
spray from the mouth and throat of
person with a cold contains harmful
substances. That is putting it mildly.
1t is one of the easiest things in the
world to prevent the average sneeze.
All one has to do is place the fore
finger firmly against the upper Ep
beneath the nose, and stiffen the tissues
there
This act will stop nine out of ten
sneezes, if done quickly enough, and
firmly enough.
Muff1ing the face with handkerchief
is the next best and most thoughtful
thing to do
Sneezlng downward, not directly ahead
or to one side, is the next best thing.
Those who will not do such simple
things are plainly very thoughtless or
indifferent, or both.
Yet sneezing all over others continues
on all sides, to the detriment of the
individual economy and of the war effort.
There Is not much use of yoWling
about how we must all keep healthy if
at the same time no attention whatever
is to be paid to the public sneezing and
coughing. 1t has been estimated that
the droplets from a sneeze will carry
at least u feet in direct line, and
those from cough go about half as far.
Here is one matter in which much
could be done simply by taking thought
but taking thought, as the whole world
shows, is about the last thing the human
race will do
So we go right on sneezing in each
others faces, and fighting and claWing
each other as no wild animals ever did,
Evening star., 1942-11-19
Poll Tax Controversy

AS the Senate battle over the bill
to abolish the poll tax in national
elections increases in bitterness and
scope, the wonder grows as to why
this particular time was chosen to
force a showdown on such a highly
controversial issue.
The objections which have been
raised against this tax are varied and
confused. To some extent, no doubt,
it tends to restrict voting. Yet the
tax itself in the eight States where
1t remains in effect is small-$1 or
$1.5O. In terms of dollars and cents.
1t is perhaps the least onerous of all
the taxes imposed by the States.
Furthermore, it is matter of COM
mon knowledge that many people in
the poll tax States, although we'll
able to pay the tax, do not vote be-
cause they are unwilling to take the
trouble to pay it, or to register, or
even to 60 to the polls. These peo-
pie are not debarred from voting by
the poll tax. In all States there are
many persons who simply do not care
enough about the privilege of voting
to comply with any preliminary re-
qulrement. A good example of this
was given in New York City (where
there is no poll tax earlier this
month, when the voters stayed away
from the polls in large numbers be-
cause they were unwilling to take the
trouble to register, despite urgent ap-
peals from the President and State
officials that they do so.
Similarly, there is little substance
to the charge that the poll tax dis
crlmlnates against Negroes. In the
States where it remains in effect it
applies to all alike, and it is no more
discriminatory, and far less burden
some to the poorer classes, than the
automobile taxes or the State sales
taxes, to mention two of many.
But, even if full weight be given
to the contentious that the tax is
anti-social and undemocratic, the
fact remains that the States them
selves gradually have been getting
away from it. At one time poll tax,
or an equivalent, was in force in
practically all of the older States.
Slowly, but by voluntary action, it
was abandoned in one State after
another, until finally it remained
only in the Southern States. But
even there the trend has been
against the tax. In recent years
Louisiana and Florida have dropped
it, and it is on the way out in Ten
nessee.
This being the case, it is surprising
that Majority Leader Barkley has
selected this particular time, when
the war puts premium on harmony
IN the Senate, to force an issue
which, in the opinion of some Sen
ators, involves very grave constitu-
tlonal threat to the integrity of the
States. Even if he is successful ulti-
mately in overriding the Senators
from the poll tax States, it is apt to
be discovered that very little has
been gained and great deal lost.
Evening star., 1942-11-19
20 STREET.

Dear Sir:
Cant you use your influence to stop
people sneezing so openly? I can stand
a covered sneeze, If I have to, but these
people who sneeze right out in the open,
without making any attempt to cover
up, give me pain, and I don't mean
maybe.
"The other day I happened to be in
a public place, when suddenly heard
a big sneeze. Even before I turned my
head I knew the sneeze was put forth
by master at it.
But the amazing thing was what
saw when turned my head
1T happened that the spray issuing
from this womans mouth was silhou-
cited against dark background, but
with plenty of light right on it.
Il could see stream of spray at least
one foot high and six feet long.
1T issued from her mouth like jet
from fire hose. 1t came out directly in
straight line. I had always understood
that water vapor of this sort made big
splash, but 1 had never really seen it
before.
"At the end it began to break up in
fine mist, with no doubt literally mil
lions and millions of cold germs or what
ever they are riding on every droplet.
"A great deal of this indiscriminate
infection of other people could have been
avoided If the lady had used handker-
chief, or even have dropped her head a
little
Maybe you can explain why people
are so thoughtless and careless and in
different in this respect. You seem to
know great deal about many things
and to have a ready way OF expressing
yourself Very truly yours, c. B. D."
Most of the citizenry fail to cover up
their sneezes and coughs because they
do not believe that there is any harm in
coughing and sneezing in public places.
They may have read of the misery and
expense caused by the common cold,
with resulting influenza and pneumonia,
in many cases, but they are not sold"
personally on the dangers of sneezing
in public.
In fact, many persons without doubt
rather glory in showing their disbelief.
They have an odd way of showing it, it
is true, and it is nothing more nor less
than persistence in doing evil in the
face of their fellow men.
They sneeze where they please, not
because they want to hurt any one, but
because they are Indifferent.
Complacency applies to far more than
the war. 1t is facet of human char
acter. All people are complacent about
some things. One person will not believe
that his wild parties can annoy the
neighbors, and still another will not ina
gine that his dog or child may do the
same. All are Indifferent as to whether
they do or not. This is everyday COM
placency.
The complacent sneezer is one of the
most complacent of persons.
He or she-and the numbers are about
equally enthusiastically does not think
any harm is being done.
Evening star., 1942-11-19
Letters to the Editor
Discusses Preparation for Administration
OF Conquered Territories and Peoples.

Discusses Preparation for Administration
OF Conquered Territories and Peoples.
To the Editor of The Star:
A recent address by Mai. Gen. Allan
Wyant Gullion, Provost Marshal Gen. of
the Army, appropriately stresses the fact
that we are beginning an occupation of
important and extensive territories in
widely scattered regions and that there
fore We should be fully preparing our
selves to carry on those initial tasks of
military government that will fall to our
victorious armies. The quality of tech
nical and psychological preparation given
the men who are to lead our troops
will determine in large measure whether
the attitude of to-be-conquered enemies
toward American military governments
will be one of hope and trust or fear
and doubt.
With this thought in mind, the writer
has made a preliminary investigation
concerning the documentary background
of military government, with particular
attention to the American literature on
this subject, and the following notes may
contribute to wider appreciation of the
type of preparation for which Gen. Gull
lion is working.
Statements of the principles underly-
ing military government have varied
widely from time to time; an authorita-
tive one is that formulated by the
United States Supreme Court with ref
erence to the military occupation of New
Orleans in 1865: THE conquering power
has the right to displace the pre- existing
authority, and to assume, to such extent
as it may deem proper, the exercise by
itself of all the powers and functions
OF government 1t may appoint all the
necessary officers and clothe them with
designated powers, larger or smaller, &C
cording to its pleasure. It may pre-
scribe the revenues to be paid, and apply
them to its own use or otherwise. 1t may
do anything necessary to strengthen itself
and weaken the enemy. There is no
limit to the powers that may be exerted
in such cases, save those which are found
in the laws and usages Of war" Omitted
States Reports 1873 and 1874, Vol. 81,
p. 394.
The law of October %, 1903. empowered
the President to employ the army and
navy to effect occupation in Louisiana;
shortly thereafter military governments
were established also in Florida and in
New Mexico, and later in California.
So with the outbreak of the War Be-
tween the States in 1861 the American
Army had ample precedent for assuming
unto itself the functions of military
government.
BY the Union victories in the spring of
1862 very considerable areas of territory
in the States in rebellion had come under
the control and occupation of the Union
armies, and military governors were ap-
pointed to exert such authority as the
supreme military necessity allowed. Con-
fronted with the codifying Of the law of
hostile occupation in the light of modern
civilization, on April "a, 1863, the Ad-
jutant Generals Office of the War De-
partment issued notable document:
General Orders Number 100, 'Instruc-
tions for the Government Of Armies Of
Evening star., 1942-11-19
Hoskin's Answers
To Questions
By Frederic J. Huskin.

~.
reader can get the .ansUer to any
question OF fact by 1Uriting The Epe-
ming Star Information Bureau, Fred
eric J. Haskin, director, Washington,
D. C. Please inclose stamp for return
postage.
@. How many hotels in the United
States are named George Washington?-
U. N. B.
A. Seven hotels are named George
Washington, one is called George Wash
ington Inn. Florida has the most, ac-
cording to the American Hotel Asocia-
ton.
@. What State has the largest farms?
F. S.
A. Wyoming has the largest average
size of farms and ranches. with an area
of 1866 acres. The smallest farms are
in Massachusetts,, averaging 6O-S-1O
acres
@. Are tortoise shell cats scarce?-
N. P. E.
A. There are not very many tortoise
shell cats in existence Not more than
25 male cats of this kind have ever been
reported.
Evening star., 1942-11-19
Aspen Grove

A gentle rustlng stirs the aspen
grove,
Glazed Uith the yellow tint of
dutumn's brush, =
This patch of sun-shot brilliance,
fires the cove-
Its spearheads CLEAN ,Dithin the
mountains hush. .
Some say the Cross was made OF
aspen 1Dood,
And eUer since that tortured time
the leaDes T..
Haze trembled In a close-linked
brotherhood- Il
Apart forever as the tree that.
grieDes. 9
Yet no,O feel that penance has
been done, b
For Overhead I hear iovfut
sound: H.
A faint, Thanksgiving laughter like
as one N
Rejoicing iDhen at last ne,u peaoe
is found.
REID CRowELL. IS
Evening star., 1942-11-19

Marshal Rommel now knows some
thing about how Napoleon's Marshal
Ney must have felt when he was the
last man to leave Russian soil. He
was given a division with which to
guard the rear and when he crossed
the Polish boundary had just one
platoon,
Evening star., 1942-11-19
Wants Desk Officers
Sent to Combat Services.
To the Editor Of The Star:

1t was refreshing indeed to read in The
Star OF November IL that Secretary
Stimson will deny commissions to the
225,00O draft dodgers seeking to obtain
them.
1t would be the greatest of morale
builders and tremendous step toward
relieving the manpower shortage if an
effort were made to place in combat or
other vital services the thousands of
desk soldiers now in Washington.
These men, with few exceptions, have
no special knowledge, yet have sought
and obtained commissions emitting them
to desk jobs for the duration.
VERA G. WOLGAMOT.
Evening star., 1942-11-19

Just think OF It: AS the result of
recent Libyan operations a British
prisoner camp could produce an en-
tire baseball team composed of moth
ing but Italian generals.
Evening star., 1942-11-19

We and lot of others may be off
the gold standard but it seems that
when one is entering North Africa it
is a mighty handy little standard to
be on. The, Moroccan and Algerian
natives are not so snooty about the
yellow metal.
Evening star., 1942-11-19

O. What New York newspaper offered
Rudyard Kipling large sum of money
to write an editorial on the political
situation between England and the
United States?-M N. L.
A. The New York World, in 1885,
offered Kipling $1,000 for 1000 words,
said to be the highest remuneration
offered to literary man. Kipling re-
fused.
@. When was Bethlehem, Pa,
founded?-E D.
A. The city was founded by religious
exiles from Bohemia and Moravia on
Christmas Day. l741, and named after
the birthplace of Christ.
@. What is the cost of greyhounds
used for racing purposes?-T. ME-.
A. The price of greyhounds used in
races ranges from $50 to $1,000. Some
champions have cost as high as S. 900.
Q. What is the length of life of a
goldfish?-C. N. B.
A, Goldfish may live as long as 80
years.
@, When was England first bombed?
j. F.
A. Bombing attacks during the First
World War began in December, 1914,
when the first German projectile hit
English soil, and continued until May,
1918, when the Germans made their
maximum effort in this form of attack.
q. What amount of money is in cir
culation at the present time?-D. r. j.
A. At the beginning of November,
money in circulation in the United
States was reported at $14,3l2 900 900, a
new high level.
Q. Who is the ruler of Denmark dur
ing King Christians illness?-O. G.
A. Grown Prince Frederik is acting
as regent during the illness of his father.
@. What is the Late Arrivals Club?-
RD. w.
A. 1t is club composed of flyers
forced down in the African desert, and
who have succeeded in making their
way back to their bases. The member
ship is nearly 300.
@. How many Calories are required
each day by man who does hard man.
ual labor?-R. G. T.
A. The American Medical Association
recently stated that a man doing heavy
work needs 1000 calories a day.
@. Is warrant officer in the Army
a commissioned officer?-G. S.
A. A warrant officer in the United
States Army is an officer but not a COM
mssioned officer. He ranks between a
master sergeant and a second lieutenant,
In general, warrant officers are men
with technical skills. Some of them
have administrative duties.
@. What is a swing shift?-R. JF.
A. Swing shift is term used in re-
ferring to factory schedule operating
seven days week, "a hours day. The
working schedule of the employees varies
from week to week. Sometimes the work
week would begin at a certain hour on
given day, and then, after one or more
weeks, according to the schedule it might
change and begin on another day and
hour. The term swing shift is also used
in referring to a shift working late at
night.
@. What are Y-guns?-E. V. b.
A. Y-guns are guns with Y-shaped
firing arms for the simultaneous dis
charge OF depth bombs from destroyers
or other craft. Depth bombs are brack-
r. y,
Evening star., 1942-11-19
MAP OF AFRICA~Our troc

MAP OF AFRICA-Our troops
landing in Africa is the big news OF
the day, and you will want to follow
their every move over there. To aid
readers in keeping abreast of todays
momentous events taking place on
this great continent we offer this map,
in full color, 81 by % inches in size.
Reverse side carries statistics of gen.
eral interest. To secure your copy of
this timely offer inclose 10 cents in
coin wrapped in this clipping and
mail to the Star Information Bureau
Name
Address
Evening star., 1942-11-19

Letters to the Editor must
bear the name and address of
the auriter, although the use OF
a pseudonym for publication is
permissible. The Star reserves
the right to edit all letters Nth
q UielD to condensation.
Evening star., 1942-11-19
@. What are Y-guns?-E. " n

@. What are Y-guns?-E. v. b.
A. Y-guns are guns with Y-shaped
firing arms for the simultaneous dis
charge OF depth bombs from destroyers
or other craft. Depth bombs are brack-
eted to the muzzles to be pitched short
distances from the sides Of the war
ships before hitting the water.
Evening star., 1942-11-19

@. When was Bethlehem, Pa,
founded?-E. D.
A. The city was founded by religious
eXiles from Bohemia and Moravia on
Christmas Day, l741, and named after
the birthplace of Christ.
Evening star., 1942-11-19

@. What is the cost of greyhounds
used for racing purposes?-T. ME-
A. The price of greyhounds used in
races ranges from $50 to $1,000. Some
champions have cost as high as $4,000.
Evening star., 1942-03-31
Racing Results
Tropical Pork

By the Associated Press.
FIRST RACE-Purse. - 900: eiaimins:
maiden6: 2-year-olds: furlongs
Es7 ID S5ssa, Sss ssS5lsss s%li:s $50 S ssS ssS
Tower Miss iCampbeiD 400
Time, 0:4s1s.
Also rsn-Bychance. Msudeen. Cha nee
Oak. Pin Try. Icy Run. War Shy. Chorsie.
Crest o War and Zacanite.
SECOND RACrPurse. 81 900: claim
ing: 4-year-olds and up: furlonIs.
Nilimore tClark, 1920 $50 $40
Chance Run tBrunelk) $50 90
Vingt = On fDelAtal $50
Also r.nSchizr.; y.ldin. Rebel. Noble
Trace Boy. Helen Ward and Kenty Miss
DAILY Double paid S62.loJ
THIRD RAcE-PIrse 81 900: claiming
4-year-olds and upward: furiongs. m
Aaydis tWrishtl $40 $50 90
Nnht Tide tMilliRanl $50
Also ran-Baby Therese Hish Luck.
oinocehio. Psraaing Black Flame Pan
FOURTH RAcE-Purss. ~ 900: claim
ins: 3-year-olds: .urlonss
North Bound tBrunelleI $50 80 %
AIbatross Wright 3lo 90
Epistle IStrickler) 3lo
Time, I:142s.
Also ran-Candlestick. Batter Up,
Michigan Sweet Back Tooth, Fate. Bell
coda.