davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1942-02-08
Singapore's Suburbs
Shened First Time
By Japs' Big Guns
Answering Artillery
Knocks Out at Least
One Enemy Battery
BY the Associated Press.

SINGAPORE, Feb. 7.-British
batteries on the north shore OF
Singapore shelled Japanese sam
pans out of the Strait of Johore
today and thus broke up perhaps
the first feint of the invasion
forces which have maSsed for a
week for the onslaught against
this fortress island and its de-
fiant "City of the Lion"
Several of the small craft near
the held Johore coast
were sunk.
Outlying residential districts Of
Singapore we're bombarded for the
first time during the day by big
japanese guns moved up to the low
hills of southernmost Johore-l0
miles from the northern limits of
the city at the nearest point.
British artillery thundered back
its answer to the challenge with a
pounding which knocked out at least
one of the japanese batteries. a
communique reported
Overhead, the japanese bombers
were back again, but there, too, the
japanese ran into spirited defense.
Cause Some Damage.
The communique acknowledged
that the bombers caused some dam
age, but declared at least one Of
them was smashed to the earth by
swift British fighter planes, another
probably was destroyed and two
more were damaged.
Not one of the British fighters was
lost. the war bulletin added.
The communique gave no details
on the shelling of the sampans seen
in the closely guarded strait.
They are the type of f1at-bottom
native boats which the Japanese
have used before in moving small
fighting forces around British land
positions in the fight for Malaga.
and might have been sent out to
test the British defenders or in an
attempt to put inflltration parties
ashore on Singapore Island.
CThe Vichy radio broadcast a
(See SINGAPORE, Page A-4D
Evening star., 1942-02-08
Big Freighter Sunk
By Two U-Boats,
Il Of Crew Saved
70 Missing After Attuek
200 Miles OF New York;
Ship Down OF Canada
By the Associated Press.

NEW YORK, Feb. THE 15,-
355-ton Swedish vessel Amerika-
land, one of the largest freight
erS in the world, sank less than
200 miles of the entrance to
New York harbor Monday after
being torpedoed three times by
two submarines, IL survivors Of
the 39-man crew related to-
night.
The ore-carrying ship was under
charter by the Ore Steamship Co.
of New York from its Swedish
owners.
Representatives of the Third
Naval District quoted survivors as
saying the attack occurred at $3.50
pm. about ITO miles off Sandy
Hook, the torpedoes striking the
starboard side at 10 to Commute
intervals.
Forty-five survivors landed
at a Canadian port Saturday
reported q submarine had sunk
their coastal freighter of the
Canadian coast and that 27
crewmen were still missing)
The Navy Department said in its
afternoon communique that while
Axis submarine attacks were con-
tinuing, their attacks on Allied
merchant shipment are being COM
Evening star., 1942-02-08
100 Girls a Day!
Where Will They Live?

That's the rate they are ar
irving in Washington for war
time jobs here.
And there are already
over 10000 Government wom-
en- in the Capital. .'~
What is the Government
doing to take care of them?
What is being done to look
after their health =. their
recreation?
How the city Is facing this
acute problem Is outlined In q
special article appearing On
Page B.6.
Evening star., 1942-02-08

resistance to the end with tenacious
ness which was finally overcome by
the relentless forward surge of the
Americans and their Allies.
One of the prisoners captured
carried a message from 1t. Col.
Tsunehiro addressed to 1t. Gen.
Naoki Kimura. commanding the
18th Division and to the Emperor
Of Japan:
I'VE are surrounded by the enemy
and it is becoming doubtful whether
our forces can collect enough
strength to hold out.
Our unit has suffered 152 cas-
ualities, reducing it's fighting
strength such an extent that main
tanning our position becomes pre-
carious - our ammunition and
food supplies are low " Banzai:"
This morning Capt. C. A. Crome,
husky South Carolinian with his
(Soe LE pooa AQl
Evening star., 1942-02-08

those who went down with the craft
and added:
THE next of kin Of casualties
have been notified"
Names Of the men were not dis
closed.
Explaining events preceding the
tragedy. Comdr. Hawk said he had
been called to the bridge to view
passing merchantmen when he
spotted the escort vessel following
q crossing course
He said the submarines course
(See SUBMARINE, Page A-5J
Evening star., 1942-02-08


the Americans left flank, ap-
parently aiming at cutting COM
munitions and sabotaging supplies.
The few surviving Japanese fled
to the edge of cliff sloping sharply
toward the sea.
There they were cornered.
With Brig. Gen. Clinton Pierce, /
was on the corpse-strewn main bat
tleground when the final shots were
fired, driving the last stubborn jap
anese from their hiding places, into
the brush few yards away from
the China Sea.
American and Filipino infantry
men followed them.
The fighting was typical of the
bitter warfare waged in the jungle
areas of Bataan, where ground is
contested inch by inch, and where
men must kill or be killed.
The Japanese continued futile
Evening star., 1942-02-08

The three survivors were two off,
GERS and a seaman who had been
standing on the bridge during the
submarines surface operations.
They were the commanding officers,
1t. Comdr. Earle C. Hawk of Sau-
gerties, N. Y; 1t. Robert E. N. Ward
of Antioch, Calf, and Seamen Joe
B. Hurst of Oda, Okla.
The impact threw them clear of
the submarines superstructure and
they were fished out of the water.
The Navy Department in Washing
ton, in announcing the sinking. said
all hope had been abandoned for
Evening star., 1942-02-08
Fire al South Bend Field
Disrupfs Plane Service
By the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
SOUTH BEND, Ind, Feb. This
center of commercial aviation and
aircraft manufacture was without its
normally busy air traffic today be-
cause of fire at Bendix Field, the
st. Joseph County airport.
Manager w. w. Jones stopped
plane traffic over the city last night
after the airport's two-story frame
administration building burned with
estimated loss of 5000.
Mr.. Jones said he did not know
what caused the blaze, but secuted
any possibility of sabotage.
Evening star., 1942-02-08
Dewey Quits U. S. O. Post

NEW YORK, Feb. 7 (P.-Former
District Attorney Thomas E. Dewey
has resigned as national chairman
of United Service Organizations.
Most of the administrative work re-
Gently has been done by Harper
Sibley, president, and Walter How
ing, chairman of the Board of Direc-
tors. Mr.. Deweys successor has not
been announced.
Evening star., 1942-02-08
Army 10 Expand
Air Force 10
Two Million
New Program Calls
For 3,6o0,0o0
Ground Troops
By NELSON M. SHEPARD.

Plans for a 1000, ,000-man air
force-the worlds largest and
best equipped-and the start of
a tremendous expansion Of the
Army's ground forces to achieve
a $500, 900 goal before the end Of
this year were announced yester-
day.
The immediate objective Of the
Army Air Force is 100000 men
this year and double that number
later on" according to an announce
ment authorized by Gen. George c.
Marshall, Chief of Staff.
Combined with the already rap
idly expanding winged forces Of the
Navy, officials said the program
would assure the United States and
its allies air superiority over the
Axis.
They compared 1t with the esti-
mated reported strength of around
1.250,OO0 men for the Nazis and
about 100000 men in the British
r. A. F.
News of plans for this tremendous
striking force came yesterday at
the same time President Roosevelt
announced he had signed an execu-
tive order calling to active duty n
organized infantry divisions which
officials said now exist only on
paper. The executive order calls into
service all units and personnel Of
the Organized Reserves of the Army
not now on active duty. Secretary
of War Stimson is authorized to set
the dates when these Reservists
shall be called.
Program Stepped Up.
The air force expansion program,
however, overshadows all other
plans to build up an armed force
that can carry the war 10 the
enemy's home ground and hit him
again and again wherever we can
reach him"
Before Pearl Harbor. Secretary
Stimson had set a goal of 400, 900
men in the Air Force by next
June 80. The Air Force already is
the second largest branch of the
Army.
The original goal Of 400 900 men
called for a training program of
10000 pilots year. Todays goal
Of 2.000, 900 men calls for sweeping
changes in the training program un-
dreamed Of few months ago. On
the basis Of needs, 1t was believed
the pilot program, alone, would have
to be stepped up to around 10000 q
year.
Secretary Of the Navy Knox said
recently the Navy would expand its
air arm by training 10000 pilots a
year and that 1t was taking over
four colleges and universities in
different parts of the United States
to school the aerial fighters.
Huge Plane Output Planned.
The Army's 1000 ,ooo-man force
"ties in." of1cials said, with produc-
ton plans for $4,000 planes this
year and 125,o0o next year. How
many of these will actually be re-
tanned by the United States Army
(See AIR FORCE. Page A-4)
Evening star., 1942-02-08
Singapore FoiIs Jap Invasion,
Blasting Ships Out Of Strait;
Planes Raid Rongoon 3 Hours
Enemy Wins Fresh
Indies FoothoId,
Toking Amboino

Inc BTlGlSn SGIOIlSllOlu VI
Singapore, steeled for a last
ditch stand, yesterday shelled
japanese sampans out of Johore
Strait and thus thwarted per-
haps the first invasion move OF
enemy forces which for a week
have been massed for the on
slaught against the 100000, 900
island fortress.
While Singapore also was receiv-
ing its baptism of shelling from
enemy long-range guns, there was
a variety Of war news from other
fronts, most of 1t unfavorable to
the Allies:
In Burma Japanese warplanes
raided Rangoon last night in the
heaviest night attack of the war;
the vital Burma road terminus
was subjected to a three-hour
pounding, with the heaviest assault
centered on the airport just north
Of the city.
The raid followed quiet day dur
Ing which r. A. F. warplanes at
tackled a formation of "a Japanese
scouting craft, dispensing 1t and
downing three planes without loss
to the r. A. F.
Amboina Is Lost to Japs.
In the Netherlands Indies, the
Allies vital Soerabaja base again
was under air attack yesterday and
the secondary base OF Amboina was
lost to the japanese.
, Also, in the Indies, came the only
news of Allied successes. A Japa-
nese cruiser and transport were
sunk and another cruiser and de-
stroyer were damaged. Eight Amer
lean Army P-40 fighter planes
brought down three out of larger
enemy force, with one United States
plane lost and another missing. The
Dutch fleet, despite Toxic claims to
the contrary, still was intact and
very much in operation.
But even these latter bright spots
In the gloomy broader picture we're
almost eclipsed by the japanese oc-
cupation of Amboina-an operation
carried out at the cost of the three
naval vessels. For Amboina, flank
ing the most direct supply route
westward from the United States
and Australia to the Indies, also
gives the invader a fresh foothold
only $50 miles from the chief north
Australian base at Port Darwin.
American Forts Bombarded.
In the Philippines, there were
signs of a gathering japanese Of
fensive in a three-hour lombard
ment of American forts at the en-
trance to Manila Bay - including
Corregidor, the fortress to which it
has appeared for some time that
Gen. Macarthur eventually may
have to withdraw his forces now
on Bataan Peninsula.
From Toxic, by various routes,
came q number of unsubstantiated
claims in the familiar Axis vein
that a Japanese submarine had
sunk large destroyer in the Java
Sea; that its naval forces had sunk
20 submarines and so surface ships
of 100000 tons up to January 81;
that, not counting the Malayan
campaign, it had lost total of
only 1882 men killed and wounded
to 29,700 Allied troops killed or
captured; that it had destroyed or
captured 399 Allied vessels, COM
pared to japanese losses of only
10 transports sunk and 16 damaged; !;
that 914 Allied planes had been
destroyed on the ground or in the
air, against Japanese losses of 153
aircraft.
Evening star., 1942-02-08
War Time Becomes
Effective Over Nation
AT 7 Am. Tomorrow
Troins Running Lote
Probably Only Agency
Affected by Chonee

The official change over from
standard to war time" will take
place throughout the Nation at
2 am. tomorrow, but indications
are that most Americans won't
wait until the designated hour
to advance their clocks.
Times leap over the one-hour
period from 2 am. to 3 am. will
put the Nation an hour ahead of
the sun and give Washington its
first 23-hour day since daylight
saving of World War I.
A sample survey conducted by
means Of . little random dialing
Of the telephone revealed-without
creating a sensation-that practi-
cally no one in Washington is going
to sit up until 2 am. just to push
their clocks ahead. They'll do it
before they 60 to bed or wait until
they get UP.
There's one exception. Joseph w.
Smith, who has had charge of the
four big clocks in the tower OF the
old Post once Building at Twelfth
street and Pennsylvania avenue
since 1920, is going to make the
switch promptly at the oficial hour.
will Take . Minute.
He lives in Capitol Heights, Md.
and he's not supposed to be on duty
at that hour, but he's going to do
it anyway. Then he'll 60 back
home for an abbreviated nights
sleep before going to work at 8 am.
The job Of changing the hour on
the four clocks will take only about
a minute.
Some citizens set their clocks
ahead last night just to get used
to the new arrangement. It's
simple process, but the change ap-
parently is causing no little con-
fusion in the minds of some Wash
ingtonians.
School officials had a number Of
inquiries from parents who we're
under the impression that they
would have to send their children
to school an hour earlier. Actually,
it will be an hour earlier by the
sun, of course, but it will be the
same time as always by the clock
providing the clock has been ad-
vanced an hour.
Railroads, airlines and the radio
industry have arranged to make the
change over at 2 a m Radio stations
here are happy that the system
will be uniform throughout the
country. In the past, when New
York and other cities changed to
daylight savings in the summer,
Washington remained on standard
time.
Trains to Move Up.
The Association of American
Railroads issued instructions to all
railroads to change clocks in train
dispatchers' Offices and all other
Offices open at 2 am. Trains en- route
will automatically be an hour late,
but the railroads plan to pick up
the lost" hour within "a hours after
the war time goes into effect. Train
schedules will be moved up an hour
so they will conform with the clock.
The new system will not neces-
state any change in the time tables,
since the schedules are being ad-
vanced, but new time tables viii
Evening star., 1942-02-08
Malta Roided Is Times

VALETTA, Malta, Feb. 7 R.-
One German plane was shot down
today during 13 raids on this much
bombed Mediterranean fortress.
Despite the swarms of Axis planes,
reinforcement continued to arrive.
Evening star., 1942-02-08
Jap Force of 3OOIs Wiped Out
In Jungle Behind u. S. Flank
Tanks Pave Way for Final Mopping Up
Of Suicide Battalion in Dense Jungle
By CLARK LEE,

WITH GEN. MacARTHUR'S FORCE IN WESTERN BATAAN
PENINSULA, Feb Delayed )-Amecan and Filipino troops
today annhated the main force of Japanese suicide battalion
picked soldiers landed from the time
paved the way the final mopping up
ing with gunre smashing undebruh and then blast
ing the japanese of their foxhole trenches
Evening star., 1942-02-08
Survivors of S-26 Describe
How 33 Were Lost in Collision
Expert Divers, Sent From Washington,
Arrive Too Late to Rescue Crew
BY the Associated Press.


AT OFF PANAMA, Feb THE United States submarine
S2s sank the Pacific January "a after sudden collision with
escort vessel and took with it all but Of So
Evening star., 1942-02-08
Eurthauoke at Limo

% LIMA, PERU, Feb. Z R.-An
earth tremor rocked the Peruvian
capital at lo:45 pm, e. 8. T. TO-
night.
Evening star., 1942-02-08

had assumed It would clear all
requests for defense speakers
throughout the country. and had
Evening star., 1942-02-08

(See SINKINGS, Page A-9J
Evening star., 1942-02-08

tSee POWER, Page A-5)
Evening star., 1942-02-08
Trains to Move Up.

(see WAR TIME" Page A-6D
Evening star., 1942-02-08

The Evening and Sunday Star Is
delivered in the city and suburbs at
75c per month. The Night Final
Edition and Sunday Morning Star at
s5c per month.
Evening star., 1942-02-08

(See LEE, Page ABB
Evening star., 1942-02-08
Weather Forecast

Colder today, fresh to strong winds.
Temperatures yesterday-Highest, 4s, at
las pm; lowest, 81, at 9:45 am.
Prom the United States Weather Bureau report.
Full Details on Page A.
Evening star., 1942-02-08

(see AIR FORCE, Page A-40
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-09-11

Congress can be ruthlessly set
aside, then the Supreme Court
OF the United States can be ig-
nored.
HARD TO REGAIN
History shows that power
once lost Is not likely TO be re-
gained"
President Roosevelt, Taft said
has more power than any presi
dent ever had. And he continued
"For years he has had the
power TO control the rubber sit
uation. He has full power to ra-
ton gasoline or any other COM
modify He has full power to
straighten out the tangle In the
War Production Board.
HE has full power 10 elimi-
nate confusion and hardship I'm
the administration of the selec-
tive service law. I suggest that
the efficient exercise Of those
powers Is more important than
the additional powers he now
seeks, which, incidentally, I per-
sonally am entirely willing TO
grant him-by congressional ac-
tion."
And Taft said:
eft N unfortunate that when
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-09-11

Congress. i have voted TO give
tho President every power that
he has requested 20 conduct the
military operations, and every
thing connected with them.
However, outside the military
field, I'm dealing with the civilian
popul alton, the Constitution
gives the President no greater
power In time Of war than at
any other time.
QUOTES CONSTITUTION
article i, Section !, of the
Constitution says:
"An legislative powers herein
granted shall be vested In a con-
gress of the United States
at does not add 10 that clause
the words:
go. >. Except In time OF war;"
Senator Taft said that he agreed
that in time OF war the powers o.
the GOVERNMENT must be in
creased. But he insists that those
greater legislative powers shall bt
exercised by the Congress. And he
said:
eff legislative power can be
transferred to the Executive,
then the judicial power can be
transferred to the Executive. IL
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-09-11

stretched 20 cover the postwar
emergency
Taft paused, and with something
like a smile, said:
That's what they always say,
you know. There Is always an
emergency. And from postwar
emergencies the doctrine could
easily be stretched through q
whole series of emergencies,
until we have established In this
country an arbitrary, One-man
dictatorship.
EUROPE'S PATTERN
THAT Is the kind of govern
ment that we have seen In many
European countries, where the
laws are made by executive de-
cree, ulxase or directive.
"Government by the people
will vanish from America"
Yet. Senator Taft said, there l:
no principle Of constitutional law
which confers additional power:
on the President TO control the
civilian population during time o.
war. The senator continued:
He has the power to direct
war operations, and with that 1
fully agree. He must conduct the
war. 1t cannot be conducted by
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-09-11

fOsafinued from Page One)
club. that the senator opposes 50
vigorously.
Driving home his point, he said
-ou Thursday, July 50, on tho
fsesr OF the Senate, advocated
IN almost Identical program for
tAe control Of Initiation. At that
time I suggested that the SEN
.te:
-Revise the farm price 60 100
per cent of parity.
.'Adopt the Ball hin. TO give
the War Labor Board control of
wages and salaries, with . pro-
,fsson that they should not In
crease wages more than provided
by the Little steel decision.
.sCreate an overall commOd-
ity control board with admins
TRAITORS % carry out the control
s'GrsAnaIly ADAPT the price
control measures TO the stabiii-
xation theory instead OF 60 the
cszllng theory; and eliminate tho
rrice ffxing On ali minor items
ws,Sch have NO Substantial effect
On the cost Of living"
TAFT INTRODUCED BILL
And last Monday-the day OF
the Presidents message-Senator
Taft introduced q bill which en-
bodied those proposals in concrete
forIn. The Senator said:
The bin was prepared with
cot knowledge Of the Presidcnrs
message, but h was designed
largely to carry out the meas
ures he desires. believe that the
measure, which was referred TO
the committee on banking and
currency, would be IN effective
brake on Imitation"
The bill provided for an infla-
ton control board: authorized the
War Labor Board to place a cell
ing on wages which would be in
proportion to the increased cost of
living and to the prevailing wages
In similar industries; and author
ized a ceiling on agricultural COM
modities at parity. Senator Taft
said: .
I introduced IL Is that that Ii
weuid control BOTH wages and
agriculture.
PREDICTS PASSAGE
s4Seme such fern OF legislation
win be passed by the Congress"
Senator Taft continued:
The President KNEW THAT
CONGRESS WOULD HAVE
CARRIED OUT HIS PROPOs-
AIS WITHOUT THREATS.
sHe knew that ut any time he
nouId have had legislation such
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-09-11
,OseVeIf WiIfulIy Discrellits Congress. Taft Says

we are stralning every nerve TO
win the war on every continent
on earth, the people should DO
divided by an attempt to over
ride the Constitution.
at is unfortunate that there
should be such shenanigans TO
cover up the failure on the Pres
ident's own part properly to ex-
ercise the powers already his.
"And hope that the people
understand the real issue here
before the man on horseback In
20 well seated I'm the saddle"
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-09-11

have had 20 be paired with con-
troll Of wages.
Even now the President does
not ask that. He says that he
himself win take care Of the
wage problem, hut he makes no
specific statements As TO what
ne will do"
And II is in that situation, Sena
tor Taft continued, that the frau'
lies. He explained:
There can be only two expla-
nations of the October ] deadline
that the President attached 20
his message.
REASONS FOR DEADLINE
They are:
First. He may have set that
deadline 20 that he would have
an excuse for seizing the legis-
Iative power should Congress be-
come delayed by the farm price
question, and the complicated
matter OF fixing wages-for
Congress will surely place q cell
ing on wages, as well as on farm
prices. Or
Second. The deadline may
have been set 80 that II Con-
gress did act In time he could
boast that he had dubbed the
legislation out Of n reluctant
CONGREGATIONAL, as 1 said, the
ma jority Of Congress was will
ing to act II wages were linked
to the matter"
WINNER EITHER WAY
The two possibilities. Senator
Taft said. are not mutually exclu'
sive. In either event, he indicated
the President would be the win
ner; Congress would be discred'
tied; and the man on horseback
would be riding hard.
And so. the senator continued
president Roosevelt was play
ing politics. He was deliberately
giving the people a mistaken
picture OF a reluctant, baking
Congress"
He stopped, looked at a pile o.
letters on his desk, and said:
ut is tragic to realize how
many Of the people WERE
bamboozled by that wrong pic
ture tragic and alarming.
these letters are about even
half approving the stand
took in the Senate last Monday
in opposition to the Presidents
dictatorial threat to Congress;
and half opposing my stand.
QUOTES FROM LETTER
"Let me read you some Of the
letters whose writers disagreed