davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1942-12-18
DRAFTEES:
May Choose Service

Paul V. McNutt, chairman Of the
War Manpower commission, an
nounced in Washington that draftees
would be given a chance to express
a choice concerning which branch
Of the armedsservices they wanted
to join under the new combined
selective service program.
The manpower czar cautioned,
however, that preferences granted
would necessarily depend on how
nearly they fitted in with the require
ments of each branch Of the service,
following President Roosevelfs re-
cent order halting voluntary enlist
ments in the army and navy and
transferring the selective service to
the War Manpower commission.
How the government will extend
Its wartime control over the nations S
workers was likewise outlined by
Mr.. McNutt. Among steps in the
new program are rationing Of labor
in scarce lines, the transferring of
workers from nonessential TO essen
tial industries, adjusting working
hours TO help boost production and
requiring employers in some areas
to hire their help through govern
ment employment agencies.
Mr.. McNutt forecast that women
would hn 30 per cent Of all war
industry jobs by the end of l943.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1942-12-18
NEW GUINEA:
Allies Take Coma

The Japs' narrow beachhead in
New Guinea became narrower when
jsAllied forces directed in the field by
General Macarthur occupied the en-
tire Coma area. In the elimination
Of campaign begun several months
before, the Allied armies thus re-
duced Japan's hold in New Guinea
TO a tenuous segment.
The loss Of Coma left the Japs
confined to a narrow strip of coast
centering on the Buna area, II miles
to the south. The Nipponese made
their first landing at Coma last
July and from this beachhead start
ed an invasion drive that carried
them across the Owen Stanley noun
tains nearly to the Allied base at
Port Moresby.
The enemy's continued disregard
for even the most elementary con-
ventions Of warfare was further en-
phasized by communiques from
General MacArthur's headquarters
declaring that Jap planes have wi
olated the laws Of war by repeated
attacks upon Allied hospital install
lations, killing doctors, medical per-
sonnel and patients,
The rising effectiveness Of Ameri-
can and Australian air power in
the Southwest Pacific was indicated
by figures which showed that Cen
eral MacArthur's airmen had de-
stroyed nearly 300 Jap planes in the
space Of one month.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1942-12-18
RAIL UNIONS:
Demand Pay Raise

The specter Of nationwide trans
portation crisis was raised when
350,000 union labor operating en-
ployees announced they would ask
for 80 per cent wage increase, or
a minimum Of So per day.
Whether this specter would haunt
the nations war program or re-
turn to the shadows from whence it
came, depended on what kind of
a settlement management and labor
would be able to make.
The decision of the five railroad
operating unions to ask for an in
crease followed a three-day meet
ing Of $50 union chairmen in Chi
cago. Alvaney Johnston, president
Of the Brotherhood of Locomotive
Engineers who served as spokes-
men for the unions, said the raise
was necessitated by added RESPONSE
bilities and hazards placed on rail
employees, the manpower shortage,
higher living costs and the inequali-
ty Of rail pay compared with that
Of other industries.
The big five's" action followed
wage adjustment demands by the
IS incorporating unions with a men,
bership Of 100000, asking a 20-cent
per hour increase.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1942-12-18
FRENCH FLEET:
Tit for Tat

When Vichy-inspired news sources
first made public reports indicating
that the entire French fleet had been
scuttled at Toulon, after the Nazis
entered the naval base, Washington
officials were publicly skeptical.
That this skepticism was justified
was indicated by navy department
announcement that 20 French ships
had apparently been left intact and
were now in the Nazis' possession.
These included IS warships and
five tankers. The announcement
added that an unspecified number
Of vessels, including three battle
ships were damaged and might be
reclaimed.
In issuing the memorandum, Sec
retary of Navy Frank Knox said it
was prepared on the findings of
reconnaissance flights over Toulon.
1t showed that of rs ships in the
harbor, 81 were sunk, damaged or
missing, four escaped and 20 went
unharmed.
The unfavorable news concerning
the Toulon warships was largely bal
anced by the announcement by
Lieut.. Gen. Dwight d. Eisenhower
from his African headquarters that
French fleet units at Dakar, plus
port facilities and airports were be-
ing made Immediately available to
the United Nations.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1942-12-18
Mayors Lead Fight
On NWLB
RY Federated Press

NEW YORK, Dec. 13.-The ju-
risdiction of the Natl. War Labor
Board over state and municipal
labor disputes was again chall-
enged in a statement Dec. 8 signed
by Mayor F. H. LaGuardia and
the mayors and city managers of
78 other cities. LaGuardia is pres
ident of the u. S. Conference of
Mayors.
This was the latest development
in the argument which began when
the Transport Workers U n n
(CIO) here asked the Board of
Transportation for a wage in
crease and was refused.
Informing the NWLB that "wc
cannot at any time submit to its
jurisdiction any alleged dispute
with city employees" LaGuardia
muddied the issue with his old
charge that public employees do
not have the right to strike.
Actually, no such issue is in
volved in the transport workers
case because the Board of Trans
portation operates as private
agency, and furthermore the union
has surrendered use of the strike
for the wars duration.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1942-12-18
Farmers Block
Mexican Labor
AT u. s. WAGES
BY Federated Pres

LOS ANGELES, Dec. 12-The
food shortage in California is grow
ing more acute daily, but the re-
dictionary Associated Farmers con-
tinue to block attempts to impert
the necessary farm workers FROM
Mexico.
The coporate farmers turned
down plan to guarantee the Mexi-
cans decent living and working
conditions and wages equal to those
to Americans, proposed at 4-day
conference here.
War Manpower Commission Rep.
Guy T. Mum, who was at the
meetings, said:
"The Mexican government is un-
willing to allow Mexican workers
to work for less or under inferior
conditions that Americans are get
ting We owe it to the people
who are fighting this war to see
that workers. whether Mexican or
American, get decent conditions"
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1942-12-18
Paid Training
Program Urged
For Nation

NEW YORK, Dec. 15.-The urg-
ent need for a nationwide public
training program to provide skilled
workers for war industry was
pointed out here Dec. 8 by the
Federal Works Employees Union
(unaffiliated).
No provision has been made to
replace the present WPA program,
due to be scrapped shortly, which
took qualified workers off home
relief and paid them during their
training period. In New York City
alone, 10000 men and women have
been turned out as welders, mech
anics, assemblers and craftsmen.
Without paid training pro-
gram, thousands of potentially use
full workers won't be able to meet
the pressing demand for skilled
labor, the union warned.
The union proposed that the U,
S. Employment Service, which now
acts only as a vocational guide
take over and extend the WPA
program.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1942-12-18
RUSS OFFENSIVE:
Keeps Up Steam.

Although their progress had been
slowed by stiffening German resist.
ance, Russian armies in the bliz-
zard-swept corridor between the
Volga and Don rivers had continued
on the offensive. They had effec-
lively stalled the Nazi siege armies
before Stalingrad by seizing both
banks Of the Don in the great bend
Of the river.
The desperation of the German at
tempt to hold the siege of Stalin-
grad was underscored by the use of
mail planes and training ships to
carry reinforcements.
On the central front near Voro-
nezh, where the Russians had suc-
cessfully blocked all German at
tempts to break through, a Nazi
flank lay exposed to the south.
Evidence from all points along
the line from Leningrad to Stalin-
grad indicated that Hitler was max
ing every effort to slow down the
Russ advances and dig in for the
wAnter.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1942-12-18

Iowa, as national chairman of the
Republican party to succeed retiring
Joseph w. Martin.
Back of the election of lawyer and
dirt farmer Spangler to the national
Craftsmanship was an inter-party
conflict that had threatened to burst
into flames. Fortunately this argu-
ment. which had centered around the
candidacy of former isolationist Wer-
ner Shredder of Chicago was hap
PLY composed with the nomination
of Spangler, compromise candi-
date upon whom all factions could
agree.
Heartened by successes in the
November elections and cooking an
eye on the 1914 presidential pros
poets, the Republicans were ready
to make vigorous plans.
In Chairman Spangler, the party
had a shrewd and seasoned wheel
horse. Spangler was considered
ideal by political wiseacres because
of his middle-of-the-road record.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1942-12-18
WAR COSTS:
78 Billion in '43

With budget experts estimating
war expenditures at 78 billion dol
lars for the 1943 fiscal year, Amer
leans learned that the cost Of the
first year of the war against the
Axis was over 46 billions-or more
than the entire cost Of participating
in the First World war Is years ago.
Treasury department statements
disclosed that current war expendi-
tures were running at the rate Of six
billion dollars a month, which was
about four times what they were
under the national defense program
before Pearl Harbor.
Fiscal authorities pointed out that
when the United States entered the
First World war it had gross pub
lie debt Of about 1h billion dollars.
BY November 80, 1918, that debt had
risen to 10 billion 438 million dol
lars. Gross public debt had risen
from 55 billion, 231 million in De-
cember, 1941, to 103 billion, SIT mil
lion dollars at the end of December,
1912.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1942-12-18
TUNISIA:
Air Tempo Boosted

Although shorter Axis supply lines
had given them the edge in the early
stages Of the battle for Tunis and
Bizerte, the long-range advantages
clearly lay with the Allies, even con-
sidering their overland haul to bring
up men and materials from ports in
Algeria.
That the preponderance of Allied
strength was being brought to bear
was indicated by ever-increasing air
activity, with swarms of American
and British planes providing cover
for land operations. This fact sug-
gested that Lieut. Gen. Dwight D.
Eisenhower had found a partial solu-
ton at least, to the problem of pro-
viding forward airfelds in the
rugged terrain of coastal Tunisia.
Chief point Of contention between
the opposing armies had been
Tebourba, strategic junction 20 miles
west of Tunisia and 35 miles south
of Bizerte. Here a series of kaleido-
scopic tank actions had taken place,
with the key town changing hands
as the battle tide ebbed and flowed.
Rising success of the Allies air
activity, according to military OBJ
servers, heralded the mobilization
of sufficient strength to launch the
drive to dislodge the Axis
from their Tunisian strongholds.
Across Tripolitania, the British
Eighth army was reported increas-
ing its air blows against the FL Ag-
heila defense positions held by an
$4,000 survivors of Mar
shall Rommel's 700 mile retreat.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1942-12-18
SPAIN:
A1is Gateway?

The disquieting possibility Of
German move through Spain TO re-
lieve the Allied siege of the Axis in
Africa remained in the foreground,
as Generalissimo Francisco Franco
praised the New Order" OF Hitler
and Mussolini and reafirmed his
own regimes spiritual kinship with
the Axis
Addressing the new National
Council Of the Falange. Franco said
that the German and Italian dicta-
torships represent a new faith, a
revolt against the hypocrisy of the
liberal world we knew in our youth. :"
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1942-12-18
It's A Great System!
By JOHN PAINE

"That's just what Buck-Tooth
McDish did. He quit Butch's gang
and Joined our club. Then he stole
the treasury, beat up all the little
kids, and the last | saw of him, he
and Butch were having chocolate
sodas together"
eve have to take anybody on
our side that will help win n.
war" HA
"That's what we thought " 81
we let Pestbrook Wiggler play haSffs'
back. But Joe Reilly and Pete
Brown, our best tackles, left us
cause Pesty kept riding them be-
cause their daddies are union men.
Sam Levy and Abe Goldberg
wouldn't run interference because
Pesty was anti-Jewish. And we lost
our best end, Frank Smith, cause
Pesty didn't like Negroes. And the
first thing you knew we didn't have
a team left to win any games with"
whats all that nonsense got to
do with Darlan?
"Darlan killed the labor unions.
He prosecuted the Jews. He en-
shaved the Negroes. And, when you
count them all out, who's left to
fight on our side in France and
North Africa"
"Well, let's see now"
saw, Pop, you're hoist on your
own Petain."
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1942-12-18
BLOCK BUSTERS:
DeUdState Turin

triple block buster" bombs
weighing 1900 pounds were believed
to have delivered the knockout blow
to essential airplane and motor man.
ufacturing plants in Turin, huge
north Italy industrial center, as the
R.A.F. waged merciless warfare.
Turin was the target of repeated
attacks which, according to British
air authorities damaged ii to the
same extent that Genoa, Luebeck,
Cologne, Rostock, Hamburg, Brem-
en- and other Axis cities devastated
by the RAE.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1942-12-18
COP COMPROMISES:
On National Chairman

Wendell L. Willkie was pleased.
So were former President Herbert
Hoover and Senator Robert Taft of
Ohio. The reason for their salts
faction was the election of Harrison
E. Spangler, SO, of Cedar Rapids,
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1942-12-18
LITTLE LUTHER

Daddy" asked Little Luther,
"what is D-A-R-L-A-N-I-S-M 2"
"That, my boy, is a way of win
ming the war by buying off the
other side instead of killing them
off," Mr.. Dilworth replied.
81 tried that with Butch one day,
and it didn't work. l offered him
half of my candy not to sock me.
So he kicked me in the stomach and
took all my candy"
Don't make such odious compar-
isons, Luther. Butch is just an alley
roughneck.
"And Darlan is just an Algiers
cutthroat, if you ask fe,"
"But he has double-crossed Hitler
and come over to our side"
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1942-12-18

BERN: How Adolf Hitler narrow
ly escaped capture by the Russians
advancing in the Stalingrad sector
was reported here. Hitler, the re-
port says, was visiting an advanced
position Of his troops in the Stain
grad sector in the early days of
the Russian offensive, when the
Reds suddenly launched an attack
against the position. Hitler left hur-
riedly.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1942-12-18
BY Federated Press

SAN FRANCISCO-Tom Moon
ey's will has just been probated. He
left an estate of S994.12, willed to
his brother and sister. His volumi-
nous history of the Mooney-Billings
case he left to the University of
California.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1942-12-18
HICHLICHTS i" The ~eek'' ne~.

PORTLAND, ORE: Covered with
rust and long used as museum,
the famous battleship Oregon, of
Spanish-American war days, has
been consigned to the scrapheap.
The Oregons metal viii be convert
d into material for warships with
which to fight the Axis. The famous
a vessel was once the flagship Of
imiral hoblee c'Fightlng Bob')
ans.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1942-12-18
Unionisf Sizes His
DOG on Hitler
BY Federated Press

AUSTIN, Minn.-Ernest R. But
terfield, executive board member of
Local 8, United Packinghouse
Workers (CIO), is helping to tree
Hitler and Hirohito.
An expert trainer of dogs, But
terfield gave his pet to Dogs for
Defense, Inc, which recruits dogs
for the army. Butterfield also has
been appointed a field representa-
tive of the organization.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1942-12-18

NEW YORK-(FP)-Pointing
out that the wage-hour act pro-
hibits employment of children
under 16 in interstate commerce,
Chief Katherine Lenroot of the
Ii bor Department Children's
Bureau warned against the hiring
of children for so-called holiady
rush jobs.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1942-12-18
OBJECTIVE REPORTING

"(By the Associated Press) MA
DRID, Dec. 8 Generalissimo
Francisco Franco, in state speech,
told the nation today that the world
had only the choice between COM
munism and fascism. Generalissimo
Franco made it plain that in this
choice he favored fascism. GEN
ERALISSIMO ANCO RE-
FRAMED, HOWEVER, FROM
LEANING ONE WAY OR THE
OTHER IN HIS ATTITUDE TO-
WARD THE WAR;"
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1942-12-18

NEW YORK-Many stage stars,
including Zero Mostel, Hazel Scott,
Joseph Schildkraut, Canada Lee,
Vincent Price, Dorothy Gish, Pa
tricia Peardon, have protested
against the film, Tennessee John
son." which glorifies the anti
Negro, post Civil War president.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1942-12-18
JOURNALS PAGE OF WORLD NEWS AND VIEWS
NEWS ANALYSIS :

Allied Victories in New Guinea Mean
Weakening of Japs' Power in Pacific;
Rail Unions Demand 300 Pay Raise;
McNutt Outlines New Manpower Rules
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1942-12-18

these columns they those
Western Newspape Union
Evening star., 1942-03-19
Easy Senate Victory Seen
For Women's S Army Bill

Clear sailing was indicated in the
Senate today for House-approved
legislation authorizing creation of a
women's army auxiliary corps of
10000 volunteer members.
Senate Democratic leaders pre-
dicted the bill would pass by an easy
majority. The House approved it
almost 3 to /. The measure author
izes organization of a uniformed
corps of women to work at Army
rates of pay in afraid warning
centers and many other civilian jobs
now held by men.
Meanwhile, the House had before
it two other bills relating to the role
of women in the war effort. One,
introduced by Representative Bald
win, Republican, of New York,
would require all women between
the ages of 18 and IS to register for
military or civilian service, and the
other, offered by Representative
Mas, Republican. of Minnesota,
would set up women's naval aux
iliary corps.
The proposed naval auxiliary
would have full military status
with complete equality with men in
the Navy grades, ratings, ranks. pay
and promotion" This bill was re-
ferred to the House Naval Affairs
Committee, while the Baldwin meas
ure was referred to the Military
Affairs Committee.
Evening star., 1942-03-19
House Committee Urges
Alien ResettIement Board

By the Associated Press.
The formation of a war resettle-
ment board. to guide the shift OF en-
emv aliens from military zones ana
their settlement in inland areas was
recommended today by the House
committee investigating national de-
fense migration. ..
Yesterday President Roosevelt an
nounced formation of War Relo-
cation Work Corps to provide jobs
for japanese and other aliens Or
dered out of defense areas.
The House committees first re-
port. submitted after hearings at
San Francisco, Portland, Seattle and
Los Angeles, recommended that Fed
eral agencies aim toward American
ization of the aliens in the resettle-
ment.
1t said most of the japanese cit
liens and aliens we're loyal to the
United States, but that the innocent
ten in this time of war will pertorce
suffer for the guilty one" The COM
mittee found that most OF the 1tal-
ian and German aliens on the West
Coast had become thoroughly Amer
icanized and should be exempt from
removal orders after hearings by
special boards.
The War Relocation Authority was
created by executive order.
Evening star., 1942-03-19
Ex-senator Heads Coal
Group at $4,000 a Year
Rvthe Associated Press.

Edward R. Burke, former Ne
braska Senator. announced today he
had been elected president of the
Southern Coal Producers ASsocla-
ton at an annual salary of S25 900,
and that one of his first tasks would
be to begin negotiations on new
wage contracts between mine WORK
ers and operators.
His selection, he said, was predi-
Gated on a decision by the assocla-
ton to present a united front on Its
problems to various Government
boards "by a disinterested party
with a fresh viewpoint
Mr.. Burke said the association Is
made up of $50 to 700 operating
companies in the bituminous coal
district, including West Virginia,
Kentucky, Tennessee and Virginia.
Headquarters will be in Washing
ton, with a branch statistical office
maintained in Cincinnati, he said.
The former Senator said he did
not want to leave Washington, give
I'D his law practice in Omaha. or re-
move himself from the political field
in Nebraska.
II was assured that the job would
not interfere with any of those fac
tors. The position. therefore, is
more or less of a part-time nature, y
he added.
Mr.. Burke. who served in the Sen
ate from 1884 until 1910 as Demo-
crat. changed his registration to Re-
publican after the November, 1910,
elections.