Evening star., 1942-08-23

Out tney Will only grow mere WneIi
the injury done by the grape rot
inferior in quality seem
to be harder and more resistant to
disease.
Any well-drained soil will do for
grapes, though gravelly clay loam
is best. Locate the vines where they
have full sunlight at least part OF
the day. If the soil is very poor dig
q trench 2 feet deep and 4 feet wide,
remove the soil, I'LL the bottom with
coarse. vine gravel for drainage, and
II possible several old bones for
each vine to be planted. Fill In with
good moderately fertile soil and set
the plants 8 feet apart and 4 inches
deep, f1rming the soil well around
the roots. Avoid using too much
nitrogen or there will be rank
growth Of vine and very little fruit,
No other fruit grows over such an
extensive territory, adapts itself to
SO many soils and climates. and
continues In bearing condition for
so long a period. A well cared-for
grape vine will continue to produce
fruit for so years.
Until the vines begin to bear, give
only shallow cultivation to keep
the surface loose and free from
weeds. During the third year apply
a mulch of any convenient material,
making it deep enough to retain
root moisture and to prevent the
growth Of weeds
When the vines are first planted
cut them back to two or three buds
and In about six weeks time when
these begin to grow, rub OF all but
one, selecting the strongest and pref
erably the one nearest the ground
AS this shoot grows tie 1t to stake,
and late in the season when the
leaves fall off and the plant is dor
mant cut it back to one foot from
the ground. The second year when
growth starts remove all but two Of
the strongest buds nearest to the
ground; these will form two canes
which should make a growth of 10
to IL feet during the season. After
the leaves fall cut these back to
about feet. In the spring before
the new buds break, train these
canes horizontally one to the right
and one to the left. AS the upright
growth begins allow eight shoots to
develop spacing them foot apart
Regulate the height Of these accord
ing to the porch. fence, arbor or
building they are to cover.
The vines should begin bearing
the third year. Subsequent pruning
which should always be done during
the dormant period. should consist
of the removal Of all puny shoots
and all burly, long. overgrown ones
leaving those about the thickness OF
a lead pencil. and reducing them
both in number and In length.
There are several diseases and
insect pests which affect the grapes
but If taken in time all may be
controlled. rfs#
Downy mildew may attack the
fruit at any time from the blossom.
ing period till the harvest. It ap-
pears as small greenish yellow spots
first on the top Of the leaves, and
then on the lower surface; they are
soon covered with a downy white
coating, the berries become grey
blue, then turn red and shrivel up
To control spray before the blossom.
open with an 8-8-10o Bordeaux mix.
ture; repeat when blossoms are set
and again just before the berrie.
are large enough to touch each
other.
Powdery mildew appears in July
attacking leaves and fruit clusters
causing stems to turn brown ane
wither, and the fruit to be covered
with mildew and to shell of easily
Control by spraying with an 8-8-10(
Bordeaux mixture when berries be.
gin to touch, repeating twice at two
week intervals.
Black rot is the most destructiv,
Of the grapes fungous diseases. 1
appears on half-grown fruit causing
1t to become hard and shrivel up
The disease spores live overwintel
on the mummified fruits, so they
should be buried deeply by plough.
ing or spading around the vines
In the fall when vines are dormant
and again In the spring before bud.
begin to swell spray the plants anc
the ground around them with 8
saturated solution of copper
(green vitroD. If black rot has ap.
peared before use a 10-10-100 Bor.
deaux mixture Cd when leaves first
appear, CD before flowers open, 60
Just after blooming, "a two weeks
later, 90 again two weeks later
This spray will also furnish down
mildew control if applied at times
directed.
The grape berry moth matches
several broods during the season
causing berries to become wormy
and webbed together. A lead arsen-
ate spray applied early in the sea-
son should control these pests but
never use lead arsenate once the
fruit begins to grow.