davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1942-01-18
By Chandler Diehl,
Wide World News.

for the totalitarian shade of his admin
istration and his i-United States
moves, and conceivably left an imprint
on his electorate.
Obhteration Of this imprint has made
possible all-out Panamanian co-opera-
ton in Canal defense. and the means by
which it was accomplished are note
worthy.
The De la Guardia administration took
ofice-by cabinet decree-following the
coup that deposed Arias last October 9.
In the intervening three months,
Panamas average man has been intro
duced to q President Of surprising action.
Quiet Of tone and manner, little-herald-
ed, De la Guardia has moved efdciently.
directly and boldly.
The average man has seen the new
government place price ceilings-well
within purse range-on those an-im-
portant staples of rice and potatoes. He
has seen the government encourage pro-
duction of more rice by farm price
stabilization, and encourage importation
of more potatoes by lowering of duties.
New Projects Inaugurated.
The average man has seen the new
administration three months-in.
augurste projects for more schools, more
disqualification. He has seen 1t elm.
mate organized gambling and extend
savings bank facilities. He has seen 1t
depose many q racketeer who lived from
the publcs purse.
Thus the average Panamanian is
showing increasing trust in this newest
Of the republics oft-changing govern
ments and, naturally sympathetic to
United States ideals anyway because of
close association, he has fallen in quickly
with his governments declaration that
Canal defense is Panama's battle as well
as that Of the United States.
This Panamanian response to canal
defense means that Uncle Sans mill
tary leaders ind themselves operating
In the midst Of some 100000 willing and
ready allies on the isthmus.
It means that these allies are prepar-
ing their own measures Of civil defense
organizing their own AFRAID emer-
gency services, building their own
shelters, observing Panama wide black
outs nightly. Moreover, for the full Or
ganization Of defense, cabinet members
have adopted the Presidents long work.
day and limits have been taken OF the
working hours of all government en-
ployes.
Sharing Of defense means further
that sovereign Panama, ally Of the
United States, Is policing its own ter
ritory. It has interned Axis aliens. It
is checking constantly the records not
only o( remaining aliens but Of it, own
Evening star., 1942-01-18

too tough last week and memories Of
Napoleons DISASTROUS retreat from Mos
COW were becoming sharper a. Red
pincers gradually narrowed lane Of es-
cape for retiring Naz besiegers Of capital
With Mozhaisk. 81 miles west Of Mos
COW Is base Of the v, Russians had driven
100 miles further west both above and
below this German salient. With the v
is Napoleon's historic route between
Moscow and Smolensk.
To the north, Red columns pressed
westward sufficiently to clear communi-
cation lines between Mos
Soviet COW and Leningrad, en-
Victories dangered for months past
as Germans attempted to
take both cities.
Even more intense was Russian pres
sure all along the battle lines southwark
from Moscow To the Sea Of Azov.
With the southern wing Of the Moz-
ing along toward Bryansk, the real Rus
sian Army Of the South was hammering
at German forces In the Ukraine. I'm
mediate objectives on this front were
Kharkov and Taganrog and bitter tight
ing was under wsy near each as this
week drew to a close. Loss of either
probably would force Germans to swing
entire Ukraine line westward.
simultaneously, Red forces were land
ing on Crimean Peninsula for push to
lift already weakened siege of Sevastapol
Related to these victorious fortunes OF
Russian arms, political and military OBJ
servers believe, is the present determine
ton Of Turkey to continue its tightrope
walking between the two beuigerent
blocks. Since continuance Of this posi-
ton by Ankara government bars passage
of Axis warships through Dardanelles
into Black Sea for attacks on Russian
bases, and also constitutes barrier to
Axis overland passage in Asia Minor
preservation of status quo is Of ad-
vantage to United Nations.
Evening star., 1942-01-18
By Constantine Brown.

the same confidence that the Russians
met the NaN assault on the lines before
Moscow.
To regard events In the light Of their
true value is not defeatism but whole
some realism, which obviates disillusion-
ment later. Our British and Russian
associates naturally are European
minded. They look at the war as fire
threatening their own houses and are
prone to underestimate the situation in
the Pacific, which Is Of paramount i'm
portance not only to us but to the Dutch,
the Australians, the New Zealanders,
the Canadian and, to . certain extent,
to the South Americans.
Pacific Area Underestimated.
It Is true that the point Of view Of the
British and Russian governments, as pre-
sented to the Washington conference two
weeks ago by Prime Minister Churchill
and Maxim Litvinof, that the major
effort must be directed to the defeat Of
Hitler, had to be modified. American
strategists, backed by Prime Minister
Curtin of Australia, gained their point
that Singapore must be reinforced at any
price and defended to the bitter end, and
that to the Western Hemisphere the
maintenance Of that fortress In Allied
hands is as important as Moscow, Egypt
or even London.
The American argument-outlined in .
previous article-was powerful and i'm
pressive. It was based on the prospec-
tive length Of the war and the stubborn
ness of Hitler's resistance. The European
minded Churchill and Litvinoh had to
agree that short Of miracle 1t is not
probable that Hitler will be defeated by
the end Of 1912 and that by that time
the Japanese, If they win Singapore, Java
and Sumatra, might Offset all the Sue
cesses of the British, American and
Russian armies on the African, Near
Eastern and European fronts.
Big Plans But Little Help.
When . few days later we heard
President Roosevelts inspiring and
powerful speech our hearts throbbed
with enthusiasm and-lets frankly admit
it-with . certain amount Of fear. The
President spoke Of tens Of thousands Of
planes and tanks and other war para
phernalia which will be produced and
sent abroad with several American expe-
ditionary forces.
While we are thinking in grandiose
terms Of striking Hitler wherever we
can we have allowed the 400 heroes Of
Wake Island to go down In q hopeless
battle without 80 much as attempting
to send them relief.
In the same way We are sacrificing the
American and Filipino heroes trapped In
Luson. We are permitting them to be
overwhelmed by japanese forces moving
beck and forth IN tho China Sea With
Evening star., 1942-01-18

armies of Russia last summer and fall
was applied to rich oil properties before
their surrender by Netherlands forces.
With their operating bases unpubh-
cized. Dutch and American bombing
planes were particularly and effectively
active during the week, one of their first
successes being the reported firing Of a
Jap battleship off Davao on Monday.
Assorted Jap war and supply ships were
counted as victims later, and on Thurs
day the Navy Department announced
sinking by submarine of converted
japanese l7,000-ton liner. On Friday.
three Jap transports and two cargo car
riers were credited to the United States
Asiatic Fleet.
For its part, Toxic claimed that q sub
marine had scored two torpedo hits on
an American aircraft carrier Of the Lex.
ington class.
Northward, Jap land forces attempting
to clean out one menace on their flank
were having little success
Bottle at dislodging Gen. Doug
ofR.+on las Macarthur and his
men on mountainous
Batan. From well-protected positions,
American-Filipino artillery gave the
Japs their worst shellacking early in the
week when q 24-hour pounding forced at
tackers to withdraw with heavy casual
ties and silenced an estimated II bat
teries, probably an important portion Of
enemy IRE power in that limited area.
Corregidor, island fortress protecting
MacArthur's rear, was subjected to in
termittent bombing, but evidently SUI
fered no important damage.
General pattern of this widely scat
tered fighting has one dangerous stra-
tesic implication for the japanese
namely, the stretching Of their supply
lines.
With Chang Kai-shek's armies finally
receiving air support and mechanized
equipment 50 essential in modern war.
possibility Of counteroffensive by united
forces operating from China mainland
Evening star., 1942-01-18
u. S. APPEARS TO LACK Definite STRATEGY
Concentrates Neither European Nor Pacific Fronts

little apparent attempt by the powerful
forces Of the United States to stop them.
This country, which the once Of Pro-
duction Management said produced at
least $4,000 planes in 1941, was not in
position to send 500 or 1000 planes to
the rescue of the Wake Island and
Philippine garrisons. Mr.. Churchill ex-
planned the reason in his epoch making
speech before Congress: our planes were
fighting in Libya and Russia. This did
not set well with the military and naval
men who were receiving SOS calls almost
hourly from the besieged Americans.
Some day q stone in the mountains
where Gen. Douglas Macarthur is fight
ing may bear q paraphrase of the famous
epitaph to the heroes of Thermopylae:
Go tell the Spartans, thou that passest
by, that here, obedient to their laws, we
lie" The thought is awe-inspiring but
neither practical nor useful for winning
the war.
Pacific Theater Held Vital.
The war plans of the United Nations
high command naturally are a dark
secret which no outsider should attempt
to penetrate. But there are definite indi-
cations In Washington that the tendency
In our strategy so far has been to follow
the Anglo-Russian idea of concentrating
on the defeat Of Hitler. The assumption
Is that once the Nad dictator is toppled
Japanese successes will be short-lived
and the combined forces of the United
States will dispose Of the little brown
men In short order.
Few military men in Washington are
willing to indorse this theory whole
heartedly. Their hesitation is due to two
military factors: One, that 1t will take
a tremendous effort to thoroughly defeat
the Nazis. who are still very powerful,
and two, that the japanese are stronger
than most people had assumed. Further
more they fear that while the armies of
the democracies (and we must include
the Soviet Union in this group since their
purpose Is to defeat Hitler) are fighting
bloody battles In Europe and the Medi-
terranean area the Japanese may sue
coed In breaking up the British Empire.
Military observers incline to think that
unless important reinforcements reach
the South Pacific Immediately the jap
anese may attempt to strike at India
and In all probability Australia. As far
as we in the Western Hemisphere are
concerned the survival Of Australia is as
important as the survival of any other
country in the world.
There Is another matter which gives
considerable concern to military quarters
In Washington-the possibility and
danger Of political of1ensives. Political
leaders sometimes have attempted to
appease their citizenry by some spec
tacular move 10 show that "we are doing
Evening star., 1942-01-18
PANANAS PRESIDENT A MAN OF ACTION
Canal Strengthened by Cooperation With United stotes

citizens as well, making arrests when
ever deemed necessary-which is fire.
quently.
Ally Panama Is determined to do her
part in preventing sabotage and fifth
column activity. leaving United States
military authorities full time for the
military problems Of defense.
Determined to Do Part.
And President de Ia Guardia assures
that the government of Panama is
ready to give help on military problems.
Is ready to cooperate in any way to
prevent any attack on the canal"
When it was pointed out that Panama
has extensive shores to be protected
against possible invasion forces, and
has no army to throw against invaders,
the President gave this extension of the
cooperation thesis:
Whenever move tof United States
troops is deemed necessary because Of
war developments, we gladly allow them
to do It."
He pointed out that Panama in 1917
permitted disposition of United States
troops in the republic-wherever deemed
necessary for defense strategy, and said
that his government was permitting the
same dispositions now under special
agreements for the duration Of the pres
ent emergency.
In short. in President de la Guardias
words, Panamanians ARE beside the
United States, hand by hand. In this
war"
Evening star., 1942-01-18
In Russia

PANAMA. Panama. Jan. 17.-In the
short period Of three months as Pam
amas President. Ricardo Adolfo de la
Guardia has proved himself man Of
Action-and with this development
Panama Canal defense has gained
nightly.
Protection of the vital 50-mile con-
Meeting link between the Atlantic and
Pacific Oceans depends on much more
than United States troops and ships
and tanks and planes. It depends too,
on all-out Panamanian cooperation
cooperation Of the government and CO.
operation of the citizenry living through.
out the highly strategic little republic.
And President de la Guardia, labor
ing tirelessly on internal improvements
and benefits as well as on external prob
lens of Canal defense, has been the
greatest single factor in obtaining this
necessary all-out co-operation-for he
has built up Panamanian unity Of
purpose.
All Doubt Removed.
There never has been any doubt Of
the present governments position on
Canal defense, and President de Ia
Guardia, In an interview, noted the
simple truth, already attested by United
States officials Of all grades and
branches, when he said:
"Never in history has . country CO.
operated 50 openly and 20 Loyalty with
another country as Panama has with
the United States :. and 1t will con-
tinue to do So" =.
But there could have been at one
time at least momentary doubt as to
general Panamanian reaction. mas
much as De la Guardia's predecessor,
Arnulfo Arias, gained wide reputation
Evening star., 1942-01-18
Morley
Continued From Page BID

January issue Of Harper's Magazine. As
Father Cannon Of Fordham University
suggested at recent academic conclave,
q diet Of boiled Ivy Is Of itself insufn.
cient to sustain life.
But many, probably sizable majority,
Of the endowed colleges and universities
OF the United States will endure. The
fundamental test. 1t would seem. viii be
whether the individual institution has
definitely made q distinctive contribu.
ton In the past and also give assurances
Of continuing that vital social service
In the future.
The colleges and universities marked
for survival must, in addition, meet the
present transition with courage, imagina-
ton. intelligence, foresight and faith. BY
the exercise Of these qualities throughout
the testing period they will make them.
selves IN even more creative, and there.
fore wholly indispensable. part Of that
civilization which the United States y
ct war to defend.
Evening star., 1942-01-18

of the Japs. should be undertaken first
In order to preserve the Pacific 'front.'
intact. from Alaska to Australia.
Europe, or what is left Of 1t as Amer
leans understand the situation, Is . long
and difncult problem. We are not now
prepared, either In material or troops,
to undertake any large-scale offensive
action there. Hence the logical strategy
for the United Nations. II they desire
to pull together unselfishly. would appear
to be to defend whatever can be defended
against the Japanese now and to prepare
first for a major operation In the Pacific
and later in the Mediterranean and
Atlantic.
Any operation in the Atlantic at this
time would be dispensing our strength
with no particular profit for any one Of
the United Nations. Such political
onensives" might give us IN initial adj
vantage somewhere, but In the long run
they have proved their costliness.
Evening star., 1942-01-18

The specter Of France in 1889 and the
first six months Of 1910 haunts many
Washington political observers, who are
coming the war news for some hint OF
our direction in this war.
The situation Of the United States
cannot be properly compared with that
OF France before her military collapse.
This is q country with a population
united in purpose, with almost every
conceivable raw material for production
Of war equipment, with unexcelled fac-
tories and production methods, and last
but not least several thousand miles OF
deep blue water between Asia, Africa,
Europe and the American continent.
Such an enumeration Is enough to
remove the United States from the iden-
tical category in which France found
herself, but what is worrying the OBJ
servers Is one point of likeness which may
bode as Ill for the United States as 1t
did for France: Our tendency to bonn
bastic statements and apparent lack Of
definite strategy.
The basic purpose of the United Ma
tions is to defeat the Axis. This Is a
large order, indeed. Naturally, Russia
and Great Britain, our associates who
are fighting the war on the other side
Of the Atlantic. consider their battle
fronts the most important.
Each Wants Help.
They talk about Libya and the incalcu-
liable benefits to be gained from the
defeat of the remnants OF the four
German divisions led by Gen. Erwin
Rommel. In the minds Of British leaders
victory in Libya is Of paramount I'M
portance and justifies Americas sending
shipload after shipload of all types Of
planes, tanks and guns to that front at
the expense of the defenses of Pearl
Harbor, the Philippines and Malaga.
The Russians also understandably con-
slider that their miraculous successes
against the Axis forces more than justify
the assistance they have received from
US, and expect US to double our efforts In
the near future. They must exploit their
victories, they say, and rout the Germans
from their territory. They believe that
eventually they may even get to Berlin.
American military and naval men agree
that the victories Of the Russians were
astounding and have seriously dented
Hitler's forces. But they are not con-
vinced that Hitler has met his Waterloo
merely because his armies have been
pushed q hundred miles or 50 west OF
Moscow.
Unless information in Washington is
utterly misleading. there is . strong line
Of Nazi fortifications extending from the
Baltic to the Black Sea, passing through
emolensk and Kiev. That line reportedly
= already manned and the troops there
aRs awaiting the Russian onaiaa1ght With
Evening star., 1942-01-18
In Southwest Pacific

Gen. Sir Archibald Wavell, supreme
commander for the United Nations IN
this war area, reached Java during this
past week but there were times when
It seemed he was not much ahead OF
the Japs.
Rejecting the painstaking and long
developed plans on which they are op-
Grating in this theater. the Japs CO.
ordinated land, air and sea forces for
quick and powerful offensive maneuvers
almost simultaneously at several key
points.
Driving southwark along Malay PENN
sula, invaders had pushed British by
end Of week into Johore, last Of Fed
Grated states standing as bulwark for
island Of Singapore. Rain-lashed jungles
had little more effect than British flght-
ing resistance as automaton soldiers OF
Nippon moved stolidly ahead.
Fully alarmed at last to possibility OF
losing the strongly fortified and equipped
base, the British moved
Aussjes at reinforcements Of Aus
s;noooore tralian troops into singa-
S"s~p~~ pore and were attempting
10 form . new defense line some 100
miles northward In Johore. Some sue
cess marked this effort near end Of week.
Repeatedly, Jap bombers swarmed high
above Singapore, but no important dam
aze WAS admitted. Dutch flyers Joined
tn the defense.
Operating out Of Mindanao, southern
most Philippine island occupied BY jap
anese, strong attack units captured
TarakAn Island, close to Borneo coast.
and won positions around Menado, on
north peninsula Of Celebes Island. Al
ready in possession Of sarawak, Jap
forces Also were moving overland toward
Dutch Borneo. Dutch resistance won
itself most Of the defensive laurels In
this sector and the "scorched earth"
policy 20 effectively applied by the Red
Evening star., 1942-01-18
Americo's Sixth Week of War
(Review Of 124th Week Of World War III
Ry John C.. Henry.

the
Pacific continued British defenders Malaga
douragg while continued air naval
operations around Borneo and the
Ceebes making grave the threat to the Dutch Indies
strengthened resistance American
bombing obeeves from several
major concentrations Of united air forces
apparently located
fortunes not so bright
On beeaguered Batan Peninsula for example,
assaults superior
occasion outnrng Japanese artillery deve as TO
dispersion Of II batteries
Kaheks forces dealt bloody defeat to Japs ~
at other points Likely to play I'M
Nations Chinese
were improving strategic positions approaching long emma sea nank o.
bodies OF troops
Imminent
Of Jap occupation
still chasing Nazi legions
Moscow
British forces captured Saum drew moose
continued
troops along Gulf Of Srte.
developments creation OF new
Nelson to be vested
authority for bringing Army close men
submarines within New England
NeK York
Evening star., 1942-01-18

air forces out of Rangoon served double
purpose Of threatening Japs and pro-
tecting Burma road supply line to main
Chinese theater.
Although Jap forces have held Chinese
seacoast for many months, many air
bases within easy bombing range of jap
anese ocean supply line and even Of
Evening star., 1942-01-18
On Home Front

velt last week may have constituted the
greatest and most powerful blow yet
struck against the bad Axis-namely
the decision to delegate to one man the
supreme power and responsibility for
mobilizing and achieving operation o.
Americas industrial potentiaHties.
Evening star., 1942-01-18

was evolving as likely strategy. Chinese
successes at Changsha, northwest of
Canton, and at other points west Of
Wenchow lent strength to this posi-
bility.
At same time, concentration Of troops
near Burma -Thailand border and opera
ton Of powerful empire and American
Evening star., 1942-01-18

loss
China ayt e ron
gcdcunt ofenh ht
a. rom Y Burma h ~ tn o
ind th dpeAng the Japanese Tort already edh dn
script for attack Central hin the Japanese
Evening star., 1942-01-18

main Nipponese islands are located
within area now more than ever domi-
mated by Chang Kai-shek.
80
In Russia
Germany. number one enemy Of the
United Nations, was stu finding Russians
The Nome nugget., 1942-06-08

nv Defense Bonds and Stamps
The Nome nugget., 1942-06-08
Bill Drawn To Double Navy Size

WASHINGTON, June - An $8,300,000,000 measure authoriz- ing 500 fighting ships in gi- gantic program which comes close to doubling the size of the U. s. fleet has been drafted by Chairman Carl Vinson of the House Naval Committee.
 Vinson said he will introduce the bill calling for the largest naval construction program ever authorized at one time
 He said today "a two-ocean Navy will probably be finished in the next "A months" The bill will call for half million tons of aircraft carriers and a half million tons of cruisers, both light and heavy, and 900,000 tons of destroyers, destroyer escort vessels and 300 small vessels for patrol work, mine-layng and tending duty.