davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1942-08-30

Viscount Samuel, himself q product OF
= public school and Oxford. University,
called for the expansion Of national edu-
cation after the war and said 1t was Par
liament's duty to form postwar educa-
tional plan now.
Plan Seems Modest to u. S.
BY United States standards, the pro-
gram sought by the educational torch
bearers Is modest indeed.
Here is the educational program ap-
proved by resolutions of Britain's in
fluential Trades Union Council:
Establishment of nursery schools.
Raising of the school leaving" age to Is
and then to Is. (Now it is IA Free
secondary education for all with facil-
tiles for vocational training and the
teaching of elementary economics and
politics.
The curriculum should be based on the
assumption that the schools major duty
should be to enable the child to read and
write the English language well, to count
well, to understand the elements of So
cial and individual health, to understand
the elements of science, as well as ito
grasp the elements of economics and
politics so that the child may never
mistake a paper note for real wealth or
a millionaire for national hero"
The council also declared for the TAX
ing over by the state of all the "so-called
public schools" abolition of private
schools, the establishment of university
facilities throughout the country and
specialist advice on careers.
From all this criticism, it is not to be
assumed that Britain hasn't some fine
schools.
1t is simply that the war, calling for
all the brain power the empire can
muster, has focused British attention on
the fact that the educational system
isn't what 1t should be-not by q long
shot.
Evening star., 1942-08-30
BRITISH DEMANDING CHANGES IN SCHOOLS
Educational Equality Drive Threatens Traditions

LONDON.--The British school system
is likely to undergo some drastic, changes
after the war If the demands for equality
of opportunity are guide to the coun-
trys educational future.
Down with the old school tie! Out
moder1lists. I'VE must have equal OPP
portunity of education for all. We will
make use of all our brains, not just those
of the lucky upper crust"
The traditionalists retort: 1.-The public
school, the old university traditions,
made us what we are today-we must
retain them"
Even the letters to the editor columns
Of the Times are heavy with words of
British having their say about what
is wrong-and what is quite right-about
the country's educational system in
which opportunity has been for the few
If your parents can afford it, you are
tutored privately or sent to small private
schools when you are child. Then you
are sent to private school for your Sec
ondary education. If your people are
important enough you may get into one
of the great public" schools, which are
anything but public. There you are
prepared for Oxford or Cambridge, after
that you may study law or medicine or
engineering.
The Reverse of the Medal.
It isn't so pleasant If your folks are
not we'll fixed, and the great majority
aren't.
AS an English friend of mine put it:
IF you have the brains you can get
all the education you want in this coun-
try-if your parents can afford It,
There is no lack of opportunity for
winning scholarships but for the artisan
and white-collar worker there is one
question to be faced about child's
education-'even If the scholarship is
won, can We stand the cost of inciden-
tals?'
Il won scholarship when was 13,
but my grandparents died and that
ended that. So when I became a par
ent I determined my daughter should
have her chance. She can win her way
through Girton foremost women's
university by scholarship, and we can
foot the bills for the extras-just barely.
IF there is any falldown in the house.
hold income we may have to think again
and she'll have to start career in busi-
ness or industry to help OUT
Education "After the War;"
When r. A. Butler, president Of the
Board of Education, made his recent
annual report to the House Of Commons,
Evening star., 1942-08-30

the fog of official secrecy here. No in
formation has been given out on Ameri-
can losses. The foes retreat, it is pointed
out, may be tactical to give an oppor-
tunlty to reform and strike from another
direction.
In the face Of secrecy here, British
correspondent reported from Sidney that
at least so japanese ships had been sunk
or damaged "after shattering defeat at
the hands of the Allied
Reports Differ sea and air forces"
On Bottle Sizeln Washington the
Japanese move m e
was described as reconnaissance and
not full scale offensive"
Japan is far from having conquered"
China This week Chinese troops again
recaptured the walled seaport Of Wen
chow, only 200 miles from the Japanese
bases on Formosa. They also have re-
captured stretches of the Hangchow-
Nanchang railroad.
The enemy cannot afford to spend
many men or much material in China,
but they cannot bring the interminable
Evening star., 1942-08-30

often been due to men generally re-
garded as having dash of lunacy In
their eyes, a touch Of eccentricity is a
trait to be saluted.
Since its formation, the council has
received 10000 pieces of mail, half of
which contained suggestions for new
contrivances or Improvements on old
ones. Hundreds of these are being
tested, and scores have actually been
put to work. A markworthy proportion
of letters comes from American soldiers
In the field, who point out defects in
their equipment and either propose spe-
clf1c changes or ask whether the council
has any remedy available. A number
OF ideas have been smuggled in from
Nazi-occupied countries.
The council Is unique among Govern.
ment agencies in that it has issued
only three newspaper releases during its
existence OF 20 months. 1t has con-
tributed virtually nothing to Washing
tons greatest export, waste paper. This
record Is due to two circumstances. The
organization pledges that all inventions
submitted will be held in strict conf.
dence. And then. in most cases the
rule OF military secrecy comes into plav.
Probably the councils most exciting
moment came with the receipt of plans
Tor new instrument which can be re-
1erred to unromantically only as "a
remote control device" The thrill was
due to the name signed to the letter.
II was no other than that of Hedy
Lamar. torrid screen siren.
Whether her invention is among those
adopted Is a matter veiled in censorship.
In the first fine rapture of the incident,
1t. Col. L. B. Bent, the councils chief
engineer, pronounced Miss Lamarr's idea
to be "red hot" After some months of
reflection, another spokesman expressed
the cooler judgment that 1t was not
too bad" A second Army engineer, asked
Tor an opinion, contented himself with
remarking that "the Army would like
to meet Miss Lamar. incidentally, so
would the Navy"
Still another hlm and radio star, Bing
Crosby, crooner extraordinary, has con-
taets with the council IN Pasadena,
Evening star., 1942-08-30
The Near East

All the week there was growing ten
sion in Egypt. Renewed battle is ex-
pected hourly along the 28-mile front
from the seacoast town of Ell Alamein to
the impossible Qattara Depression. This
front passes over a series of flinty, gravel
ridges under the unbroken glare of the
Egyptian sun. Between the opposing
forces the ground is Uttered with the
debris OF battle and with thousands of
unburied dead. Activity is possible only
at night, since during the day the whole
terrain is under accurate shellfire from
both Sides
1t Is discouraging news that all efforts
to break the German lines of commune
cation with Europe during the past six
weeks have failed. Rommel has been
able to bring over at least one new vet
eran division by air and has received
considerable supplies. His famed Afrika
Corps, British agents have learned. is
being held IN reserve for big smash
while the Ell Alamein line is held by
Italians.
The past two months of relative in
activity in the depressing heat and eter-
nal dust have been hard on both sides.
The El Alamein line was the scene of
bloody fighting in early
Both Sides July, when it seemed
Reinforced likely for few days that
the Germans would push
on to Cairo, and later on, when the Brit
ish concentrated without gaining
much ground Both sides lost heavily
in men and supplies. Both have been
reinforced.
When the battle is renewed it is likely
to be one of the biggest and costliest
struggles of the war. Both sides were
waiting for the full August moon, which
now is at hand
Great Britain has set up an independ-
ent army command in PERSIA stra-
tegic necessity when the Russian Army
of the Caucasus was threatened with
isolation from the north and its COM
munications were in danger of being cut
off py the German drive toward the
Volga and the Caspian Sea.
The British now are in position to
face the German threat from the north,
just as the army in India faces threat
by the Japs from the east.
Evening star., 1942-08-30

east and the west. The Raj, augmented
by American planes and
Air Attacks pilots, raided Rouen, the
A,a p,.h.d shipping center of Rot
terdam, and plane pro-
duction center of Kassel and the former
Polish Baltic port of Gdynia. The raid
ers had to fly more than $500 miles
round trip under bright moon to
attack the latter.
Russian planes, attacking from the
east, dropped bombs and set fires in
Berlin, Danzig, Tilsit, Koenigsberg and
Stettin. American Flying Fortresses
played an especially prominent part in
the attack on Rotterdam.
A year ago last May Dr. Karl Boemer,
then chief of Hitlers foreign press serv-
ice and advisor of Dr. Goebbels, took a
few too many cocktails at Bulgarian
Legation party and let slip hints that
Germany might soon invade Russia.
1t was the first revelation of the plan.
Boomer expected high post in the con-
quered country. Instead he went to Jail,
was allowed to redeem himself as
Evening star., 1942-08-30

lictiC IlFctuis gun.
That inventions follow newspaper
headlines has become a maxim at the
councils offices. A series of air crashes
brings crop of plans or ideas for in
struments to safeguard flight. Nazi
bombing of Britain inspired hundreds OF
ideas for detection of invading aircraft.
The Axis submarine blockade of the At
lantic Coast is yielding harvest of no.
tions for warding of or neutralizing tor
pedoes.
The council believes it has organized
sieve through which no worthwhile in
vention can escape. 1t has a Washing
ton staff of SIS engineers, who are spe-
cialists in ordnance, aircraft, chemistry.
electricity and so on. Ideas in their
respective fields are submitted to these
experts. If they approve, the suggestions
are relayed to DR.. Kettering and his
colleagues. Their Endorsement insures
attention from liaison officers or ofnclals
in the armed services and War Produc-
tion Board.
Inc COUNCIL emphasizes CIle 1aCG LQak
1t handles no patents and neither buys
nor markets inventions. It's function il
that of adviser to the Army, Navy, MARI
time Commission and other using serv.
ices. 1t is these which make all financial
arrangements with inventors. Patents,
which become public records, are often
forbidden until the war is ended, for OBJ
vious reasons having to do with giving
information to the enemy
In addition to notabilities already
mentioned, the council consists of the
following members: George Baekeland.
Bakelite Corp; Rear Admiral H. C.
Bowen, N. S, N; Conway p. Coe, COM
missioner of patents: Watson Davis.
science service; DR.. Frederick M. Kicker.
George Washington University: DR..
Webster N. Jones, Carnegie Institute Of
Technology; Col. Walter A. Wood, Gen-
eral staff Corps; DR.. Fin Spare, Du
Pont Corp: Maj. Gen. w. H. Tschappat.
U. s. A.. retired, and Fred zeder, Chrys-
Ter Corp. The stan director Is Thomas
r. Taylor.
Evening star., 1942-08-30
By Alfred WaH,

his dissertation merely provided fuel for
the flames. sf7re afsf At5& Af f.4
Mr.. Butler said that: "Normalcy" Of
school life provided for 100000 children
under stress Of war; the annual expendi-
ture for schools had increased roughly
s., ,389, ,516 during the past year to new
high Of about 230,044.472; the number
Of children receiving "full-time" edtlca-
ton had increased rom 96.5 per cent of
the child population in 194l to 80 per
cent In 1912; 00000 children now are
receiving meals in schools; the Board
of Education would "refurbish" the
school system during the war: an i'm
portants parliamentary committee had
been set up under Lord Fleming to in
quire how the benefits of public school
education could be extended to those not
now able to afford it.
Mr.. Buffers critics jumped on him
with both feet.
The ordinarily mild and liberal Eve
ming Star stormed, In his soothing
words on education after the war Mr.
Butler really had nothing to say. He
has nothing ready. He is only marking
time :. a few committees are at work
on patches of the threadbare quilt OF our
national schooling -. nothing more Z.
A New Plan Wanted.
"Mr. Butler used the word furbish' as
II renovating and polishing were the
need -. that Is not our idea of it. We
seek a system to make this nation one.
We wish to see the end of the antique,
ramshackle setup of costly schooling for
the well -do-and the three RS, with
frills, for the rest. We want plan that
will give every brainy boy full scope and
even the dullest boy sound mental
background to allow him to enjoy a use;
full and happy life. Present-day educa-
ton is dreadful 1t just ticks over"
Parliamentary debate on the report
showed how people of Britain are think
ing.
Socialist William Cove who worked in
the mines as boy, became a teacher
and president of the National Union of
Teachers, declared that in every COM
munity the children of the wealthy and
the poor alike should attend the same
schools He held that this would induce
fathers Of moneyed children to take an
interest in state-aided education.
You will never democratize public
schools by giving few scholarships to
elementary school children" he said.
"You will only make the working class
children snobs. The only way to deal
with the public schools is to abolish
them
The discussion has cropped up again
and again in both houses Of Parliament.
Evening star., 1942-08-30

The grim determination of the Axis to
capture this strategic center may be
conditioned by the prospect OF facing
another bitter Russian winter. The city
Is vital railroad center
Vitol Center for supplies from Black
OF oupp"es will make possible another
supply line which will relieve the tension
on the long. hard overland route from
the west. Complete control of the rail-
road is necessary. 1t is necessary also
to win the battle of the Caucasus and at
least to neutralize the Russian Black
Sea feet.
In spite of temporary successes OF the
defenders, there seems little room for
optimism over Stalingrad. The railroad
to the north upon which the defenders
depend for supplies and reinforcements
has been cut. The only other means Of
communication is by way OF a 40-mile-
wide neck of land between the Volga
and the Don.
Germans continued to push large
forces into the Caucasus foothills over
the shores of the Black Sea.
Northwest of Moscow the Red Army
launched a vicious counterattack which
resulted in recapturing several towns and
breaking into one strongly defended
position.
With Russia's back to the wall and
autumn near, the feasibility Of a second
front in the west Of Europe continued
to be debated-but last weeks Dieppe
raid apparently gave little indication Of
the practicability Of such a move.
The Axis, it is deduced, has at least
million well-armed troops in the west.
A minimum superiority of three to one,
military experts calculate, would be nee
essary to make mass landing.
Meanwhile, air attacks on Germany
and German occupied territory con-
tinued night after night from both the
Evening star., 1942-08-30

South Seas, in Africa, in Russia.
This third year came with conquer
Ing and ruthless Germany sprawled over
nearly all of the European continent
west Of the Volga. The Russian winter
stopped the Nazis there, but they held
their lines and resumed the onslaught
on Russia with the drying of the spring
mud. Now, as another winter nears in
the gloomy steppe country, Russians still
hold out, but in an increasingly desper-
ate condition.
Doubtless the most fateful event OF
the year and perhaps of the whole war
was the surprise japanese attack on the
United States naval base at Pearl Har-
Dor, Hawaii which brought this country
into the war as an active ally of Great
Britain, Russia and China 1t resulted
in an all-out war effort which already
seems to dwarf that of the first World
War. Japan all along had been Hitlers
secret weapon" about which there had
been so many wild rumors. 50
viii history repeat itself? The fourth
year saw the turning of the tide and
the victorious end of the last World War,
largely due to the entrance of the
United States on the side of the Allies.
Evening star., 1942-08-30
The Russian Front

At the weeks end Red forces, their
backs to the broad Volga, still held
bomb-devastated Stalingrad upon which
the Germans were trying to close the
hooks of titanic steel pincers. These
are composed of about so divisions or
more than 100000 men.
A few days ago the fate of the big
Industrial city, which some military OBJ
servers believe Is now the main Axis
objective In the 1912 eastern front CAM
paign. seemed essentially hopeless. But
the Russian troops not only have been
able to hold their ground but to launch
counterattacks In front of Stalingrad.
Evening star., 1942-08-30
Other Countries

Late last week the largest American
convoy OF troops. fighting equipment and
provisions arrived in Great Britain.
1t was disembarked with encouraging
speed and efficiency at many British
ports, where special docking facilities
have been set up by United States Army
engineers. large part of the convoy
consisted Of men and materials for the
air force. Naturally the news OF this
aroused new second front speculation
mostly to the effect that some big air
drives are planned this fall to soften up
the continent for troop landings.
At the Brooklyn Navy Yard was
launched the 45.0O0-ton Iowa, largest
battleship OF the United States Navy.
Soon to follow are five more Of the same
class-the New Jersey, Missouri, Wis
consin, Illinois and Kentucky. They
will, in all probability, be the most
powerful battiecraft afioat. Most OF
their specifications are military secrets.
The Navy revealed only that the 880-foot
Iowa was armed with 16-inch guns.
The national income, Department Of
Commerce survey shows, has risen from
s12o 900 100000 for ls41 to an estimated
STAG, 900 900 900 for 1912.
Approximately 81 per cent OF this Is
due to war industries.
Brazil, angered by Axis ship sinkings
and convinced of the futility of any fur
ther pretense Of neutrality. has entered
the war as bona fide fighting nation on
the side of the Allies. Declaration of
war against Germany and Italy was in
response to an overwhelming popular
demand and the South American re-
public displayed an enthusiasm which
has been lacking in other countries
forced into this world struggle.
The country, whose bulge" is the
nearest spot to the Old World in the
Western Hemisphere, proposes to fight.
Its navy will take an active role against
the submarine menace and If western
front is opened in Europe, it is promised.
Brazilian soldiers will be among the
landing troops.
At meeting of the American
Defense Council in Washington the day
after the war declaration all the Latin
American countries represented expressed
approval Of the act of their neighbor.
1t was bold move on Brazils part.
She is probably the most vulnerable Of
New World nations and has large Ger
man and Italian populations who have
been engaged for years In fifth column
activities. 81
Evening star., 1942-08-30

a limited one. The censor, in popular
impression. is man who sits at the
center of Government to decide what
shall or shall not be made public.
Prices Power Is Limited.
Mr.. Price has no jurisdiction over what
shall be released by various Govern
ment agencies. His power Is limited to
passing on whether news to be printed
in a newspaper or broadcast over the
radio is likely to interfere with the secur-
ity of the Nation If the writer or the
broadcaster can show that he had "ap-
propriate authority" for his report-a
statement from some responsible person
in Government-then 90 times out Of
400 the censor approves.
The Office of Censorship has absolutely
nothing to do with how much or how
little of the war news is to reach the
public. Moreover, the censorship ap-
piled by Mr.. Price is wholly on volun-
tary basis. Newspapers and broad
casters have agreed voluntarily to try to
keep within the censorship code applied
January IS and revised June Is.
Mr.. Prices Office will spend this fiscal
year more than $2700o,000 and less than
half of per cent of that amount will
20 to supervise the voluntary censorship
of newspapers, magazines and broad
casting The big job, from point of view
of volume, is the censorship of all mail,
telegraph, radiotelephone and cable
communications coming in and going
out Of the country.
The postal division has at present
more than $500 employees in is stations
located at New York, Miami, Chicago
San Antonio, New Orleans, Ell Paso
Laredo, San Francisco, Los Angeles,
Seattle, San Juan, Puerto Rico, Balboa
and Christobal in the Canal Zone, Char
lotte Amalie in the Virgin Islands and
Honolulu. Besides the negative task OF
cutting out information which should
1,3t pass, the censor has the positive
assignment of passing on to appropriate
authorities any stray facts that might
be useful in the prosecution of the war
Every effort has been made to pre-
vent double censorship. An agreement
was sign4 six months ago with the
Evening star., 1942-08-30

Since 1t was first promulgated, the
code of censorship has been expanded.
To satisfy State Department SENSITIVE
ties it was broadened to include spec
ulation on or discussion of pending
diplomatic negotiations. Whenever
possible, however, Mr.. Price has resisted
extending the CODE
The complaints that have been di-
rected against censorship have chiefly
been directed at the military, particu-
larly at the Army. When material is
obtained from Army officers, the usual
stipulation is that the article be re
viewed" before publication. Such a
review may take anywhere from two
or three days to two weeks, and when
the article or radio script comes back
it is likely to be chopped up with a red
pencil.
Unfortunately what happens all too
often is that as the article is passed from
one set of officers to another, internal
jealousies and reSentments are aroused,
and the red pencil of the review" ofiicer
Il. e., CENSOR strikes out the offending
material even though it may not be even
by stretch of the Imagination informa-
ton which could benefit the enemy.
Then too often the Army has entrusted
its function OF review. or censorship, to
young officers unfamiliar with newspaper
practice. Mr.. Price, OF course, has no
authority here as presumably the mill
tary departments have no right of CEN
sorship.
Moderate as Possible.
'The Governments requests" says Mr..
Price, "are unquestionably restraint
upon normal operations, but I do not
think it can be argued that they are q
restraint upon any right bestowed by the
Constitution. In broad sense the free
dom guaranteed by the First Amendment
has been accepted as freedom to criti-
cize, to protest, to petition, to speak
opinions freely, but not IS a right to
play fast and loose with the facts"
AS for censorship, Mr.. Price has re-
peatedly given assurance that he will
exercise 1t as moderately ~ national
security permits.
Evening star., 1942-08-30

Roosevelt.
The Molotov visit
was a good example
Of the way this VOL
untary censorship
works. A great many
newspapermen knew
that IAN important
Russian" was at the
White House on a
special mission. Later
it became known
that it was Molotov.
But not until the
news was omcially
released, on Molo-
TOYS return to Mos
COW, was the fact
printed in the Amer
lean press. 1t was
SO thoroughly estab-
lished that this was
of the record that
no one would even
have asked the CEN
Sor to pass 1t.