davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1942-07-18
A Tithe for Victory

The Government is asking citizens
to invest 10 per cent Of earnings In
War Bonds. The money Is needed
for war financing. Have you done
your part?
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-03-26

MARCH ~ TO APRIL 20
Ariss-Military affairs, those
activities that require endurance,
courage and decisive action; han
ding machinery and vehicles are
the vigorous things first
ponsored.
APRIL 2I TO MAY 90
Tanrns-Youll have to do
some clever thinking and manag-
ing today so as not to lose
ground.
MAY FL TO JUNE 2I
Gemini-Don't underrate your
eapability or overrate the out
side help you'll receive. Mobilize
your resources and in your own
intelligent way put them to work
where they win do most good.
JUNE 22 TO JULY 20
Cancer-It shouldn't be too
hard going today, especially if
you add new idea and improved
method TO give zest TO routine
work. II you have the right in
tentions, plan carefully and work
hard.
JULY 81 TO AUG. 22
Leo--It can be a fruitful and
profitable day il you give the
important m tiers their full
quota Of your attention.
AUG. 2S TO SEPT. %
Viroo-Proceed with discretion.
Personal thought and effort and
the attitude you hold will bring
corresponding results.
SEPT. 81 TO OCT. 81
Libra-Friendly indications for
family and household affairs,
matters Of concern TO the public
and government and dealing in
needed commodities.
OCT. 81 TO NOV. go
Scorpio-Put aside sensitive
ness, selfish motives, personal
gain. You'll then be in the right
form TO work for many benefits
instead of but a few. Church
services, industry, trades, general
business most favored.
NOV. 20 TO DEC. 22
SUPPLEMENTARY, is in the
"be careful" column. Don't of
.fend superiors, associates. Eve
hing especially favorable for
military affairs, aggressive action
for righteous causes generally.
DEC. 20 TO IAN. II
Cdpricorn-Early a. m. advises
against extravaganza and care
lessness handling financial mat
tiers. Midday and early evening
excellent for routine affairs, out
side worthy activities, courageous
tasks.
Jan. % TO FEB. 20
Aquovius-Finish incompleted
work, review the weeks perform
ance, check where improvements
can be made; get everything
ready for a fresh Monday morn
Ing start
FEB. sf TO MARCH QO
Pisees-You1l find helpful in
fuences If you seek them. lntui-
tive and unique ideas added 10
commonplace methods will add 20
their selling possibilities.
A CHILD born on this DAY:
A happy mixture Of Pisces gen
tleness and patience and Aries
aggressive ambition. This com
bination Augurs for unusual
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-03-26
LOR COpE BY Frances
~ ~ - - - ~ Drake
Look in the Section Your Birthday H. Find What
Your Outlook Is, According to the Stars,
For Friday March 81.
BY Frances
Drake

achievement and farsightedness.
No limit to where this delightful
somebody can go if he Tor she)
rightly develops and uses his
God-given attributes.
Copyright. 1912, by King Features
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-03-26

A CHILD born on this day:
A happy mixture Of Pisces gem
tleness and patience and Aries
aggressive ambition. This com
bination augurs for unusual
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-03-26
Wake Up
Dead Tired?

Man! When you wake up you're end
ing 13-hour stretch Of tastin0-what
you need is real "build-up" break
fast. Yes, sir-a breakfast of Wheat
ena, the hot natural wheat cereal!
Wheatena provides you with the
Vital l0"-t they're the essential pro-
TEN elements also found in steak,
milk. eggs. The Vital 10" build
strength and energy! And Wheatena
tastes good; it's the nut-brown cereal
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-03-26

FEB. sf TO MARCH 20
Pisess-Youll find helpful in
fuences if you seek them. Intui-
tive and unique ideas added 10
commonplace methods will add TO
their selling possibilities.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-03-26

with llaVOr! j ell
yeHf wife heatena
co o ks quick as
your m ornlng
costs less
than II a bow1ul.
Evening star., 1942-03-01
Of Warfare Two Oceans Cmoxed by Big Naval Engagement Off java

potent bases ut each side Of Indian Ocean
entrance. Coupled with closing of Medi-
terranean, this would block British
American shipping into Persian Gulf
and reinforcement Of Middle Eastern
British or Russian armies.
In another and dramatic Far Pacific
sector, Gen. Macarthur and his tiny
army continued contemptuously to hold
Bataan Peninsula despite siege tactics OF
heavier Jap forces.
On Thursday. American-Fihpino forces
actually counterattscked 10 straighten
lines and drive Nips back as much as 9
kilometers on one sector OF front.
And in Australia, which some day may
be jumping of place for victorious coun-
teroffensive Of United Nations against
Japan, strategists met on Friday to plan
both offensive and defensive operations.
Around them were being rushed prepara-
tions to resist further Jap bombing raids.
How close the Japs can come TO the
continental United States was Illus
trated on the West Coast last Monday
night, even while President Roosevelt
was making his grinnly confident predic-
ton OF ultimate victory to the Nation.
Standing close inshore, an enemy sub
marine threw Is poorly aimed shells into
Santa Barbara oil field, did little
damage.
On Tuesday night California treated
itself to another scare as anti-aircraft
guns roared over Los Angeles. Twelve
hours later, Secretary of Navy Knox
said no enemy aircraft had been over
this area, but Secretary of War Stimson
subsequently asserted that as many az
Is unidentified planes, presumably enemy
ships, had been in the alarm area.
Evening star., 1942-03-01

her beses located only in North and
Baltic Sea waters Immediately adjacent
to the Reich.
BY contrast, Britain boasted what was
generally considered the worlds greatest
navy, with the sun never
NovoI setting on her far-fung
Balance ocean bastions. Joined with
this strength was that Of
France, boasting navy rated fourth
among world powers and with COM
parable strength in ports of refuge scat
tered over the globe.
BY the spring of 1910, Berlin's blitz-
krieg strategists had accomplished three
major steps toward evening this original
unbalance.
First of these was the conquest OF
Norway with the long North Sea-North
Atlantic coastline coming under NaZl
domination and providing potential bases
for raiding operations directed at British
shipping in that corner Of the worlds
waters.
Second was the conquest OF France
and the Lowland Countries, a double dis
aster in that 1t gave to Germany COM
mand of the entire coastline facing Brit
ain-dotted with great French shipyards
and port facilities-and that 1t removed
from opposition ranks the material
strength of the French fleet.
Third Of these developments was the
drawing OF Italy into the war, not an
unmixed blessing perhaps to Berlin, but
one which provided naval strength and
operating bases which only recently have
forced British admission that the Medi-
terranean-Suez communications line has
finally been severed.
On December 7, 1941, Germany bene-
flied in major degree by another de-
velopment in this conflict for
Pacific ocean control when japanese
Fleet air and naval forces struck
with savage success at the
slumbering American Pacific Fleet in
Pearl Harbor, then followed up this
advantage by capturing Wake and Guam
Islands.
japanese conquest of Hong Kong, i'm
Evening star., 1942-03-01
TUGWELL STORM CENTER IN PUERTO RICO
His Policies May Shape U. S. Aid to Poor Island Natives
world

poor natives q chance to own their own
land.
3. A declaration of martial law would
give DR.. Tugwell little power he does
not now possess, since he governs pow
erfuny armed and soldiered fortress, .
United States possession.
The issue In the squabble was drawn
clearly at hearings held before the Sen
ate last August confirmed President
to the island governorship. Letters were
introduced then signed by Union Repub-
lican and Socialist Party leaders pro-
testing DR.. Tugwells appointment on
the grounds that he probably would sup
port Senor Munoz Marin's campaign
promises to distribute land to the poor.
The fears of these groups, which for
many years have been humping mainly
for either independence or statehood,
have been fully realized. DR.. Tugwen
has recommended to Secretary of In
terror Ickes that all land holdings in
Puerto Rico greater than 5oo-acres be
broken up in accord with the existing
insular law.
Merely Enforcing Law.
Pointing out that he is not making
the law, but merely enforcing one which
has been on the books for a long time.
DR.. Tugwel denies his procedure Is
either Socialism or Communism. His
program calls for slow breakup Of large
estates, with proper payment to those
who lose part of their land.
DR.. Tugwewll, trained thoroughly by
his assignments in the Department of
Agriculture, also has noted something
which most reformers of Latin American
economies overlook: That the people
must be educated and made healthy and
trained technically before they can rise
from unlettered, ill-clad, il-fed farm
hands to owners and operators Of their
own property. His plan sets up an inte-
grated system to do all these things.
DR.. Tugwells work has meaning be-
yond the borders Of little Puerto Rico.
Although it differs in detail, it Is the
general pattern the United States and
Great Britain will follow in joint pro-
gram they are now working out to i'm
prove the social and economic life Of al
the islands in the vital Caribbean Sea.
Also 1t Is similar Ia purpose to the
form drafted at the Rio de Janeiro con-
ference for cooperative development of
the Central and South American coun-
tries.
Acting Secretary Of State Sumner
Welles has promised the Latins that the
United States will not interfere with or
try to overturn governments unpleasing
to this country. DR.. Tugwen may be tbs
prophet Of . parallel policy; the United
States will not permit use Of its gifts
and loans to exploit the poor in violation
Of existing laws.
Evening star., 1942-03-01
NAZIS, GIRDING FOR SPRING OFFENSIVES
Expected by End Of April
Bv Constantine Br0Wn.

fensive in Libya Is an immediate British
attack on such scale as to disrupt NaN
preparations The Russians did just this
in last falls campaign and succeeded,
although on paper they appeared to have
no chance The Soviet forces had an ad-
vantage over the British, however, in
that they were operating on land, In
their own country and under weather
conditions to which they were accustomed
while the Nazis were not.
British Well Prepared.
The Nazi objective appears to be the
Suez Canal and the rich oil fields Of the
Near East. Suez has but small part Of
the Importance for the British 1t once
had The fall of Singapore detracted
greatly from its value as means Of COM
munication between the Pacific and
Great Britain. But to the Germans the
canal area is OF utmost Importance as an
easy route between Africa and the Near
and Middle East.
The British are said to be better pre-
pared in this area than in any other
where they have fought since 1889. Most
of the American planes manufactured for
Great Britain-and for this country, too
have been sent to the British Army Of
the East. Large quantities of supplies
are available for the British and i'm
perial fighters, and in most military quar-
ters it is expected that the British will
give good account Of themselves II the
Mediterranean campaign starts in the
next few weeks.
Meanwhile, Nazi propaganda, which
has been quiet recently regarding the
Russian front, took on new life in the
last two weeks. More complete reports
are being given the German people than
the customary: Our troops have with
drawn in order, repelling the enemy's at
tacks with heavy losses"
German communiques now announce
local offensives and stubborn rear guard
fighting. In most Washington military
quarters it is believed the Russian coun-
teroffensive has reached deadlock and,
with the exception of some local engage
ments and mopping-up operations in
pockets south of Leningrad, there will be
little further advance by the Russian
armies.
Replacing Lost Equipment.
The Nazis are reported to be gathering
fresh forces in the rear of the Russian
front and putting them through ex-
tremely intensive training. The REIN
forcements are described as Hungarians
and Rumanians who no longer operate as
individual units-as was the case in the
early stages of the Russian campaign
but are being integrated into the Ger
man armies.
The bulk of German mechanical units
used in the first campaign against the
U. S. S. r. are now good only for policing
subjected nations or for the scrap heap.
. But Axis factories in Germany, France
and Czecho-Slovakia have been working
overtime since last fall and, according to
the information services OF the United
Nations, have filled the gaps left by the
tremendous Nazi losses in Russia.
Special types Of mechanized equip
ment suitable for the muddy fields of the
u. S. S. r. have been perfected and new
types Of planes have been turned out by
the Reich's factories. A. soon a. spring
Evening star., 1942-03-01

DR.. Rexford Guy Tugwen has been de-
scribed as too handsome to get any SYM
pathy."
In the early years Of the New Deal he
was public whipping boy for antagonists
OF President Roosevelt. He was never
even seriously suspected Of shady deal
ing, yet the kindest thing his critics have
said about him is that he doesn't talk
loud. The derisive labels hitched to him
have ranged from "the John Barrymore
of the Brain Trust" to REX, the Red
He had been in trouble so many times
that people have come to think OF IL as
his normal way of life.
Few have paused to note that a1ter
DR.. Tugwen moves on from troubled
intellectual frontier, clearlngs nave q
way of appearing among the polltlcai
trees and in those clearings rise the OUT
posts of future United States policy.
The ground he has fought for. against
bitter opposition, in almost every case
since President Roosevelt took him from
Columbia University to be q "braln
truster" in 1882, has become popularly
accepted later.
It happened that way with farm price
adjustment policies, public works, the
wage and hour limits Of N. r. A., re-
building of the Southwest's dust bowl
rural housing, rural electrification. re-
settlement, aid to sharecroppers and the
breakup of great utility combines.
Strategic Caribbean.
It is this aspect of his current quarrel
as Governor of Puerto Rico which has
the greatest significance in these days
when hemisphere solidarity is synony-
nous with national defense and Nazi
submarines roam the Caribbean Sea try
ing to smash that unity.
Because Puerto Rico Is the Pearl Har-
Dor" of the Caribbean.
Puerto Rico's military defenses were
launched by q smart. hard-headed naval
strategist, Admiral William Leahy, when
he was Governor of Puerto Rico q few
years back Those defenses were weighted
heavily with air power. Any one who has
seen them knows they will be tough to
crack.
Whatever remains to be done in build
ing defenses is an Army and Navy job.
The graying 50-year-old Governor has
little or nothing to say about it. But,
fifth columns being what they are in
Latin America, morale on the home front
Is important. and it is DR.. Tugwells re-
sponsibility to keep it solid.
What has he done?
Puerto Rico's resident commissioner
(non-voting Member Of Congress- in
Washington, Bolivar Pagan, accuses him
Of:
!. Being An American Quisling," .
Evening star., 1942-03-01
On Russian Front

On Monday, February %, Soviet Rus
sia celebrated the oath anniversary of
the founding of the Red Army. 1t was
a day of satisfaction to nation at war
a day in which they could rightfully take
pride in fighting achievements unsur-
passed in military history.
From Premier Stain came this pledge
to the world
I'VE shall throw the enemy from the
gates of Leningrad and nberate Whits
Russia, the Ukraine and the Crimea. Ths
Red banner will fly everywhere 1t has
flown before"
Two days later came implementation
OF that pledge in disclosure of what may
be one of the truly critical
Germons battles Of this war-ths
Tropped encirclement of an entire
Germany army of 96, 900
men on the Staraya front some 140
miles south of Leningrad. In succeeding
days, division after division of this
trapped force were reported annihilated,
as many as $4,000 being killed in one
offensive engagement
from the Donets and Kalinin fronts
while fierce fighting continued on three
sides Of Smolensk sector.
Pointedly in his anniversary message
Stain remarked that Germans were
fighting on Russian soil with allies be-
side them, but that 80 far we have not
been in that position"
On Thursday. in New York City, there
was an echo of that thought as Maxim
Ltvinofi, Soviet Ambassador, told Over
seas Press Club:
only by simultaneous offensive OPP
erations on two or more fronts separated
by long distances could Hitler's armed
forces be disposed Of I believs
Hitler could in this way be destroyed
by the summer"
Evening star., 1942-03-01

On the calendars OF those officials in
Washington who are responsible for con-
duct of the war, the first two weeks in
March and the last two weeks in April
are circled in red. These rings signify
expectations of the start of an all-out
Axis offensive in the Mediterranean be-
tween March l and 18, and the reSump-
ton Of the Nazi offensive against Russia
on a much grander scale between April
is and 80.
These dates are, Of course, speculative.
The war does not always follow perfect
schedule, although the Axis powers so
far have moved pretty much according
to plan. One of the few times-but the
most important-that the schedule was
upset was when the Russians refused
to admit defeat and struck back at the
Nazis. But even this setback is explained
by the Nazi general staff as due to the
political incubation of military strategy.
The German general staff decided late
last October-so, at least, the NazlS
maintain-to abandon the campaign
against Moscow until spring, but Hitler
wanted to present Moscow and Leningrad
to the Reich as Christmas present, and
1t was this overweening desire which led
to the NaZi flaSco.
Listening posts in Europe and North
Africa-of which we still have few that
are relable-have reported the last sew
eral weeks a great concentration OF AXIS
air fleets all along the northern shores
of the Mediterranean. Field Marshal
Gen. Erwin Rommel, thanks to the as
sistance given him through Ttnisia, has
pushed the British and imperial forces
In Libya back some $50 miles. He Is
psusing now for new reinforcements
being sent to him daily from Italy and,
some say, French ports along the Medi-
terranean.
Nazi Concentrating Forces.
German, Italian and Bulgarian troops
are being concentrated for big push
which, according to our military experts.
would involve the whole Mediterranean
basin from Gibraltar to Alexandria,
SYRIA and Palestine. Bulgarian troops,
backed by six or seven Nazi divisions
Two Oh WHICH arc lilcSIldlllnCSA- Reasso-
Ing on the Turkish Bulgarian border.
Steel RATS, OF the type used by the
Japanese in the attack on Singapore,
are being massed, according to reports
from Greece and the Greek islands near
the shores of Asia Minor, and parachute
units are reported concentrated in Italy
and Greece. Important quantities OF
Rasoline and ammunition are being
rushed to Marshal Rommel, and-if re-
ports received here are corrective Nazi
divisions are ready for the jump across
the Mediterranean from Sicily. The
whole picture is one of preparation for
large-scale operations in the Mediter-
ranean in the next fortnight.
The British naturally are aware of the
situation and are taking all necessary
measures res-commensurate with their re-
solrces-to meet the German onslaught
But whether they will be able to beat the
Nazis to the draw with an offensive Of
their own is matter for speculation in
Washington.
From the strictly military point OF
view, the only antidote for the Nazi Of
Evening star., 1942-03-01

On the thawing Russian front, Red
armies continued to batter and slash at
the German lines-claiming in the north
ern sector to have trapped an entire
Nazi army of 96,0 600 men--but even here
there was a feeling that both sides were
drawing deep breaths against an an-out
effort which is shaping up.
In Burma Jap armies continued TO
push British ImperialS westward.
In North Africa and the Middle East,
two potential battle grounds fer new
Nazi putschs in the coming few weeks,
there was almost complete quiet.
In the Atlantic German raiders added
to their toll of non -combatant shipping,
but London made qualified claims of tor
pedo hits on the Prinz Eugen and OF
major damage to the Scharnherst and
Gneisenau, three of Berlins foremost
fighting ships.
British parachutists and a-borne
infantry made quick thrust into Nazi-
held Northern France yesterday morn
ling, destroying radio interception post
and dispensing its garrison before re-
turning to England by sea.
Perhaps the weeks major operations
were those on the political fronts as
Prime Minister Churchill shook up his
war cabinet, and as President Roosevelt
engaged in unpublicized
Political communication with Vichy s
Activity Marshal Petain over re-
ported French aid to Ber-
Inns Gen. Rommel in North Africa.
And, reviving painful memories Of
Pearl Harbor, the War and Navy De-
partments yesterday announced plans
for the court-martialing OF Gen. Walter
c. Short and Admiral Husband E. Kim
mel, formerly in command at Hawaii.
Evening star., 1942-03-01

sets in-probably the last two weeks of
April, barring later winter hangover
thte Nazi hordes will make second des-
perate attempt to crush the Russians.
The Soviet authorities know full well
what is in store for them; their informa-
tion service is practically perfect. Thou
sands OF men, women and children be-
Russian sympathizers in the former Bal
tic states and in Rumapia risk their lives
every day to bring the Soviet general
staff the most accurate data about Nazi
troop movements and preparations.
Moscow is prepared for the new Of
fensive which, the Russian leaders
realize, will be far more virulent than
that Of last summer and fall. Repre-
sentatives of the U. s. s. r. in Washing
ton and London are making the
strongest possible representations to the
British and American governments for
immediate speed-up Of shipments of war
material of all kinds to Russia.
The Soviet armies have been drawing
heavily on their reserves, which were
much larger than either we or the Nazis
had estimated. But they have been
fighting almost single-handed since last
June; they bore the brunt of attacks by
millions of Nazis, supported by thousands
of planes and tanks. To resist these at
tacks, which military observers regard
as the most formidable In military his
tory, they had to draw heavily on their
reserves. The result has been that to-
day the amount of specialized equip
ment" in Russian hands Is extremely
limited.
Russian Clamor for Aid.
The factories behind the Volga and
In the Urals are working "a hours day,
but their production capacity Is made
quate for the needs OF Soviet fighting
forces. Airplanes, mainly fighters and
pursuit planes, anti-aircraft artillery and
tanks, are desperately needed by Soviet
forces today. Soviet Ambassadors and
the heads of military missions in Eng
land and the United States now are
clamoring for such weapons.
Since Japan attacked the United
States December the quantities of
planes and anti-aircraft artillery sent
to the u. S. S. r. by this country have
not come up to our promises The rea-
sons for this shortcoming the Moscow
government fully understood; it knew
that the fight against the Nazis would 60
on with the reduced number Of planes
from America. Now, however, when the
Soviet general staff expects an all-out
attack in six or seven weeks, 1t is plead
ing with the American Government not
to let Russia down, thus permitting the
NaZis to consolidate their dominance on
the continent of Europe.
Many American observers, however, do
not believe we can afford under the
present circumstances to diffuse our war
effort. The Pacific requires our undi-
vided attention. 1t Is in grave danger
Of complete conquest by the Japanese.
Until we have the situation there under
complete control-and that will take
many months-we should let our asso-
aciates have only the surplus Of our pro-
duction after all our needs have been
Eatisned.