davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-03-15

telescope on Mount Wilson, agree that under
ideal conditions, photographs of the moon may
be obtained with twice the resolution with the
2OO-inch telescope as with the 100-inch
II" said Or Hubble. two strong lights
like arc lights-3O0 yards apart on the moon
could be- seen as two mot merged as one, as in
a small telescope with the 100-inch mirror, We
should be able to them as two with the
200-inch if they were only $50 yards apart"
Yet, strangely enough, under ordinary con-
dtions the two scientists said, there will be
little difference between the two telescopes
the 20O-inch and the 100-inch-in observing
the moon or the planets
THE reason for this fact so disappoint-
ing TO many who think that If we can get
light from 500 900 900 light years away we
should see grains Of sand on the moon" eX-
planned Mr.. Humason lies in the nature OF
the light while it is passing through the
carths atmosphere.
Elected light you know is blurred by the tur-
bulcncc of the air, and the telescope merely
magnifies the blurred image without resolving
1t into small details You know how blurry
an object looks under water. The earths
atmosphere acts In somewhat the same way.
on very calm nights which are rare-ths
blurring may be negligible, and the telescope
then can be used with it's full power but even
then there is too MACH light to permit the
seeing of small details.
"A nebula, composed of stars emitting
light and not merely rejecting il like a MIR
ror. as the moon does, is so far away that
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-03-15

the relative atmospheric blurrng does not
make a lot Of difference. Instead Of too
much light there is never really enough even
with our biggest telescopes"
The main value Of big telescopes Mr.. HUI
mason explained, is that they collect more
light and SO require less exposure time.
This is really the object Of making bigger
and bigger telescopes" he said
With scores of astronomers interested in
putting their problems through it, so TO speak,
and with only one 20O-inch telescope in all
the world 20 work with, it is apparent how
important this saving Of time IS
IAN astronomical problem that would re-
quire say, ten years OF research with the 100
inch telescope. and hundreds Of exposures,
might be done in only five years with the 200
inch telescope So the bag telescope will. by
reducing exposure times in taking photo
graphs allow more time for research by
greater number of astronomers"
Light collected in the spectrograph.
through the big telescope, is separated into it's
component colors. AS each element gives off
its own characteristic color or arrangement
OF colors, astronomers by Analysing light from
distant objects can tell what they are made
of, get some idea of the objects temperatures,
speeds and directions Of movement.
This light, after collection on the huge
mirror, passes through a slit l-1OO0th of an
men VIDE on the SpCClTOSTdpn ana IL sent
through a series of lenses and prisms which
"break it up or focus it. 1t is in respect to
these lenses and prisms-sometimes as many
as six or more passing light from one to
another-that the second inexpensive advance
has been made which will make the great
200-inch telescope so much more efficient
The new advance comes by coating the
surfaces Of the glass, where II is reached by
the air. with metallic film. This coating does
a strange thing TO the glass of which lenses
and prisms are made 1T makes II transmit
the light more efficiently
Every time light passes through an air
glass surface some Of IT Is reflected or de-
Elected. For ordinary window glass this loss
is per cent OF the total light. In lens and
prism systems as IN our big telescopes
the loss is about per cent per surface.
SO II there are six surfaCes-six lenses and
or prjsms. that is through which the light
is passing, there is a total loss of about %
per cent Of the light. For years astronomers
have been working under that handicap.
DR.. A f. Turner, in The Educational
Focus" published by Bausch & Lomb ex-
plains. The surface of the glass acts like
bump and in passing over it some of the
energy of the light beam is Jared loose and
goes TO form a reflected BEAM"
Scientists found out long ago that beams
of light thus affect each other, and that
in a telescope, the beams may reinforce
each other, depending on how they converge,
2. by American Weekly. Inc. Great Britain Rights RI
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-03-15

as contrasted with the usual loss of 25 per
cent. The result, of course, is to speed even
more the Photographic PROFESSIONALISM de-
pend entirely on the amount of light that
strikes the Photographic plates
Coupled with red-sensitive plates, which
determine the KIND of light being collected
on the plates, these treated lenses and prisms
step up the light-gathering power of the big
mirrors enormously. That is why the 100-inch
telescope today works better than original
plans for the 200-inch telescope.
Even in larger sizes red-sensitive plates
cost not more than dime more than ordinary
Photographic plates 1t costs only from 81 80
to Sc per surface TO treat lenses and prsms
with metallic coating.
In other words, the great telescope which
is costing $4,000 900 to build is made doubly
effective for most Of its work by inexpensive
tricks and methods which cost not much
more than ne-millionth of what the whole
telescope cost!
All the astronomical world is waiting for
the end Of the war. For the emergency took
from work of completing the telescope some
much needed optical tcchnicians When this
happened, il was estimated the telescope was
probably less than year from completion.
SO soon after peace is declared. mankind
will undertake another great adventure.
looking into the depths Of the Universe-not
only of our own Milky Way universe but
the 100000 900 other universes already known
to exist.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-03-15
By MAGNER WHITE

ct Is costing approximately SO 600 600 to
build the worlds greatest telescope, with
] 2OO-inch eye Tor mirror on Mount
Palomar, San Diego County. Calf.
Now with this great expenditure nearly all
made it is found that recent Inexpensive adj
vances in Photographic methods and treat mcnt
Of lenses and prisms will almost double the
efficiency Of this Giant of the Skies IN some
fields of research.
The great mirror-eye will capture about
100000 times more light than the human
eyc and for Photographic work this light,
due TO these inexpensive advances can be used
much more efficiently than was previously
possible
The improvements consist of metallic
films only one millionth of an inch thick
placed on the lenses and prsms; and. also,
new fast red sensitive photographic plates.
\ What the big telescope will be able 10 do
|wth these simple additions already has been
indicated with the 10O-inch reflector at Mount
Wilson Observatory, near Pasadena.
Using the new fast red-sensitive photo
graphic plates, Dr. Walter Baadc, Of Mount
Wilson Observatory. recently obtained for the
first time picture showing the great concen-
tration of faint stars near the center of the
galaxy or "universe"-of which the plane
t,rv system which includes world is part.
ON this photograp shown on this page.
are stars never before photographed in such
detail apparently tens of thousands of them.
one can imagine what's going TO happen
when the 2OO-inch. twice-as- big Palomar
Mountain telescope is turned on the skies!
Photographed in ordinary blue light, as
has been the custom this region. around
winch our galaxy revolves shows sky dotted
With many stars. In the red light photograph
I glows with light, showing thousands Of
-tars 40 cool relatively speaking, that always
before their hight has failed TO come through
20 the Photographic plate.
Cosmc dust and gas have stood in the way
Of photographing these stars by blue-hGht
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-03-15

with the 1OO-inch telescope"
Pleased that such results are beng &C
opmplished ineXpcnsivey Mr. Humason
observes that by just such simple expedients
must astronomy advance for the next few
years.
Owing to the present emergency" he
says 1T seems probable that the 200-inch will
be the largest telescope constructed for many
years to come. Therefore. if astronomers
expect to make many discoveries in the future
it will have 10 he done almost entirely by
improvements in present equipment.
Results from using red-sensitive plates
and metallic coated lenses and prisms are eX-
amples of the possibilities.
With them both developed within the last
decade since the big telescope was designed.
the lOO-inch telescope has attained spectre
scopicay the gain in speed expected for the
2OO-inch when originally planned"
This reaching So far into space absolutely
staggers the Imagination Light the fastest
known thing travels about lS6 600 miles per
SECOND, or nearly 700 MILLION miles per
hour. Imagine then light travelling from some
distant nebula at that speed for 500 million
YEARS!
That is reaching into the very depths of
all Creation
What will be photographed, Of course, will
be light that started on its way 500 900 900
years ago. Light that started since then. even
400. 100000 years ago Will not be here for
another 100 900 years.
Mr.. Humason and Or Edwin Hubble,
astronomer who also works with the lOO-inch
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-03-15
or sometimes
4 L. -. -

they may
even destroy each other, leaving darkness.
What would overcome this?
In 1892 H. Dennis Taylor, British lens
designer got a clue He observed that tar
nished lenses sent to him for repOhshng
actually transmitted more light-95 per cent
of it-before he polished them than tley did
after he cleaned them up. Cleaned up, they
transmitted only SO per cent.
Then it was discovered this had something
to do with the length Of a light wave
which is 4 millionths of an inch. If the coat
ing or tarnsh on a lens was exactly one
fourth of light wave length, or one mill
lionth of an inch thick the light came through
almost perfectly-the beams did not bounce"
or reflect or interfere with each other.
The thing to do, then, was TO find some
way to coat the lens. Many tackled the prob
lem. and with many different materials, from
fatty acids 10 metals. Calcium and lithum
fmorides became the favorte coatings.
In 1886 DIR. John Strong, Of the California
Institute of Technology where the 200-inch
mirror is being ground. incidentally-wo worked
out way 10 put on the one mllionth Of an
inch of metal film He evaporated metallic
fuorides in a high vacuum that the evapo-
rated molecules collected on the surface Of
the glass being treated
Tried out al Mount Wilson. il was found
that telescope glass thus treated transmitted
all the light except for one to two per cent,
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-03-15

methods. An idea OF
how these dim their
Light can be seen
about sunset when our
own sun on the hori-
ION, viewed through
miles of our OWN at
inosphere, appe r s
DINNER and reddish.
NJ l.. Humason. 81 Mt.
Wilson Observatory,
explains that blue light
from the more Oh tant
stars is absorbed by
the fine dust particles
haforc il reaches the
,arth. whereas rcd
light scattcrs less and
mus pcnctratcs the
dust and gas and, on a
East red sensitive plate
registers very plainly.
We now hope, "
SAYS Mr. Humason, TO
photograph spectra Of
nehulac so far away
that light from them
would require 100000
600 YEARS TO reach
the earth, The limit
II the new mirror
when it was designed
would have been only
about 100000. 900 light
years and the i'm
provcments enable us
90 do that well now
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-03-15

When the 200-Inch
Astronomical Eye Was
Designed for Mt.
PaIomar. Scientists
Counted on Reaching
Out 5o.ooo. 900 Light
Years. But Those Sud-
den Advances in
Photography and Lens
coo+ings Make It Pos
sibIe to Surpass Their
Fondes+ Dreams by a
Full Hundred Per Cent
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-03-15

IT IS costing approximately 10000 GOO to
! build the worlds greatest telescope. with
2OO-inch eye Tor mirror on Mount
Palomar San Diego County, Calf.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-08-26
Police Rum
Into Tough


Stanley Oziem, 25. Of 1896
Mitchell avenue. is free today un,
der $500 bond after pleading guilty
to resisting. assaulting. obstruct.
ing. beating and wounding a police.
man performing his duty.
Translated. the charge means
Oziem is accused of tongue flashing
various policemen who effected
his arrest and lookup. and of in.
juring one officer with a right tc
the jaw.
IF you're gonna lock me up,
you might as well take me to
Mcclellan station. I'm not John
Duval Dodge" Oziem was
quoted as telling Motorcycle
Patrolmap Frank Knabe.
Taken TO Trumbull station
Oziem repeatedly sneered:
-- what are you guys; a bunch
OF Stanley Westgates ," Patrol
man Westgate was accused and
indicated of abusing three
youths in an arrest last week.
Whereupon. police charged
Oziem cooked his right at ono
policeman, but felled another.
The defendant admitted to Re-
corder's Judge Christopher +
Stein that he and a friend had
consumed -four or five double
shots" before his arrest. Stein
promised an immediate and thor
ough investigation.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-08-26
Black Moon
News of Eclipse Yelled
by War Censorship

Mother Nature co-operated with
the civilian defense effort last
night by staging a surprise black
out of the moon.
a total eclipse was visible in
this region. beginning at 9:02 p. m.
and lasting until 2:34 a. m. II
reached its peak at 11:4S.
The eclipse caught most per-
sons by surprise because the
weather reports-curtailed by war
time Tegulations-made no men,
ton Of 1t. 1t has been customary
for the weather bureau to an
nounce such events in advance.
However, it was listed. along
with the two other moon eclipses
and two sun eclipSes of the year
in the 1912 World Almanac.
1t was the only eclipse this
year visible in the United States.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-08-26
Continued on Next Page, Col. 81
luftWdffe Blasts
English Towns

LONDON. Aug. % INS).-A
strong force of British bombers
swept out over northern occupied
France today following a night OF
widespread attacks against sepa-
rated points in England by the
luftwaffe.
Two German raiders were shot
down over south coast English
town. Their bombs demolished
houses and caused a number Of
casualties.
Other Nazi craft attacked points
in East Anglia. The air ministry
said there was little damage.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-08-26
This Is Last Day
For Registration

This is the last day 10 register
for the primary elections Septem-
Der Is.
Before the election offices close
in the City Hall at 9 p. m, City
Clerk Thomas d. Leadbetter eX-
poets about 5000 citizens 10
qualify, increasing the registra-
ton total 10 COS. 500.
Four years ago So 900 persons
were registered for the primaries
and two years ago 724,000 were
qualified
All persons who did not vote In
1910, and have not voted since.
must reregister. To be eligible.
IL is necessary TO have lived in
Michigan at least six months prior
10 election day.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-08-26
Curtin Not Expected
To Visit Washington

CANBERRA, Aug. 26 QNS).-
A spokesman for the common
wealth government. commenting
today on President Roosevelt's
invitation 10 British Dominion
leaders TO visit Washington. said
that there is no possibility of Aus
tralian Prime Minister John Cur
tin leaving Australia "for at least
a month" Curtin himself de-
clined TO comment on the invi-
tation.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-08-26
Murder Inn RIackOut
New York Gang Killers Escape While Police
tumble in Darkness for Half Hour

NEW YORK. Aug. 20 1NSJ.-
A surprise blackout which plunged
New York into darkness for a
half-hour inadvertently aided the
escape Of trigger-men who added
another name 10 the city's long
list Of gang murder victims.
Minutes before air raid sirens
were set screaming last night in
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-08-26
SociaIite WEEDS Widow

MIAMI, Fla, Aug. 20 GNS).-
The marriage of Robert o. (Bunty)
Bacon Jr., 30, New York and New
port socialite, 10 Mrs. Conkey p.
Whitehead. 80 widow Of the At
lanta bottling heir, vas announced
in Miami today by the bride
groom's mother, Mrs. Robert Og-
den Bacon Sr.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-08-26

an army-ordered test, Salvatore
Maggie, SO. dropped to the side
walk In Brooklyn with six bullets
in his body. A sedan from which
the shots were fired Speeded Oft.
Police investigation of the shoot
ing was hampered for more than
half an hour because of the black
out which followed.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-08-26
j. ). Munitions
Termed Ample

LONDON. Aug. 90 tUP). -
American ordnance production has
reached a scale sufficient to sup
port full sized army in the field
in Europe, Brig. Gen. G. NJ. Barnes,
assistant chief of ordnance, United
States Army, said today.
"The only problem now re-
mains the question of transport"
Barnes said.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-08-26
is ROYAL RICHNESS, THE DUKE OF KENT

George Edward Alexander Edmund
Windsor H.R.H., the Duke of Kent, Earl of
St. Andrews, Baron Downpatrick and Prince
of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland-this is the youngest brother of the
King of England who in the service of the
crown was killed with all souls aboard mill
taIy plane Ell route to Iceland. He's pic
tured here, exactly year ago today, in the
uniform of an Raj air commodore, the rank
in which he was serving when death struck,
during his visit to the United States
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-08-26
; Ndzi PronQs
Closing In
On Stdingrdd
Fierce Red Fighting
Fails TO Check
Horde Of 10000
BY HENRY SHAPIRO
United Press stan Correspondent

MOSCOW, Aug. ga German
battle force of 10000 men, spear
headed by an estimated Is ar
mored divisions, was reporte d
today closing in on Stalingrad
from three directions despite fierce
Soviet resistance.
Soviet reports placed Nazi ad-
vance guards less than 40 miles
from Stalingrsd due west of the
vital Volga River industrial and
communications center.
Front-line dispatches said the
Germans arc approaching Stain
grad from the northwest. west and
southwest with crushing pressure
that is crowding the Soviet defend
ers into an ever-narrowing defen-
siVe front.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-08-26

Gabriault placed him on the
floor In sitting position.
(Arman then demonstrated on
Assistant Prosecutor Julian Nc
Intosh how this was done)
BOWLING INTERRUPTS
Then Gabriauit stepped to the
left side of Dodge and Dodge
went "A little forward
isn't that when Gabriault
threw him back" Prosecutor
William L. Bowling interrupted
10 ask.
mo sir, Dodge went a little
forward and then gave a iunge
with all the force he could mus
ter and went backward. hitting
his head on the floor. There
was a thud, and then Dodge
did not move"
At the conclusion of Arman'i
testimony, Gabriault was expected
10 take the stand and tell a SINH
ar story
DIED OF SKULL FRACTURE
Dodge died a fortnight ago ir
Receiving Hospital of a cerebra
lemorrhage.
William A. Tucker. suave APP
Bearing salesman. returned TO thC
stand as the hearing resumed be
ore Coroner Edmund J. Knob
och and the jury Of four womer
yIAuNEaaaI
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-08-26
ONE WEDGE CHECKED

One Of the dangerous Nazi
thrusts-that moving down on
Stalingrad from the northwest
was said to have been checked,
at least temporarily, but there
was no indication that the Ger
man push was losing any Of its
The Germans were placed about
IS miles northwest of Stalingrad.
and IS miles southwest Of the city
in addition 10 the deep penetra-
ton due west Of Stalngrad.
Fighting was said 10 be raging
over a rectangular front area
about los miles long and 40 miles
wide between the Don, the Stain
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-08-26
Senate Nominee Dies

OKMULGEE4 OKLA, Aug. IS
CUPl W r. Pine, 81. wealthy oil
man and Oklahoma'S Republican
nominee for senator. died late yes
tcrday OF a heart ailment.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-08-26
Policeman Tells
Of Dodge Injury
Denies Fellow Officer Threw
Prisoner Back on Station Floor
BY DOROTHY WILLIAMS

How John Duval Dodge smashed
his head against the floor OF the
Mcclellan avenue precinct police
station, knocking himself uncon-
scious and fatally fracturing his
skull. was related on the witness
stand today at the coroner's in
quest by Patrolman Alfred L.
Amman, one of the two arresting
officers.
After telling how he and PATROL
man Alex J. Gabriault had been
called TO Van Dyke plsce-where
several parties were going Onto
arrest Dodge Amman testified that
they had taken Dodge, cursing and
swearing. 20 the Mcclellan pre-
cinct.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-08-26
Cruiser Is Launched

QUINCY. Mass, Aug. 26 CINS).
The United States navy cruiser
Boston slides down the ways to-
day at the Fore River yard of the
Bethlehem Shipbuilding Company.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-08-26
THEN IDENTIFIED

There he had been searched
ana he was identified for the frs
time as Dodge, Amman said. 1t
Woodwork. on the pre-
cinct desk, then asked:
$50 you are John DuvaI
Dodge? ?"
Dodge started 10 curse and
swear at him and called him a
Hitler-loying 40 and So" Amman
testified. so the lieutenant said
TO take Dodge out.
"Gabrlault put his left arm
partly around his neck and
partly around Dodge's body.
Dodge was struggling, and
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-08-26
ATTACK ON DEyERALL

II was revealed that a six page
attack on Deverall had been in
serted into the minutes or the
Chicago convention although il
had never been presented 10 the
convention delegates.
According TO the minutes,
Thomas had approved the report
OF the educational committee.
headed by Terry Randall Of local
No, 7l9, Chicago. The report called
for far reaching educational
campaign to aid in winning the
war.
However. Thomas learned TO his
surprise today that a second re-
port had also been inserted into
the record which contained a reso-
luton from the leftist controlled
local No. 800 of Chicago condemn
ing Deverall as por-Fascist in his
writings and in his actions. There
was no record of any convention
action. This was followed by a
six-page denunciation of Deverall
allegedly written by Sam Sweet
of Plymouth Local No. 81. which
was OF the same tenor. There was
no record of any action on this
either.
Thomas said that he was going
TO investigate how the attack had
come to be inserted into the
record
Meanwhile. the board was ex-
pected TO cut the unions staff OF
400 organizers. II appeared likely
that there would be scramble
for the higher paying organizing
jobs which were authorized by the
convention setting new pay rates
of from SEQ TO $50 weekly.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-08-26
EXPERT PILOT

1t was understood that the pilot
was one of the most competent in
the Royal Air Force, an expert
with Sunderlands.
The dukes widow, the former
Princess Marina, was still in the
country with her three children,
and it was understood the children
had not been informed of their
fathers death.
Informants said the funeral
probably would be private be-
cause of the necessity, during the
war, of keeping secret move
ments of the royal family.
Sorrow with which the sudden
Continued on Next Page, Col. -
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-08-26
The Weather

The sun viii set at s.is D. m. today.
and rise tomorrow al 1852 a. m.
The moon viii rise At s:4f p m. today.
and set tomorrow al S.23 a. m.