davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1942-11-29
Shrine Circus Dates Set
For February 8 10 "a

The Shrine Circus, which last
winter attracted more than $4,000
persons. will be held again at Uline's
Arena from February to IA, How
ard P. Foley, potentate, announced
yesterday.
Proceeds of the seven-day show
which will have five matinee and
seven night performances. will go
to the Shrine charities fund.
Thousands of orphans and under
privileged children and thousands
OF members of the armed forces
were guests of the Almas Temple
Mobiles last February, and Potentate
Foley is hopeful OF having the same
arrangement this season.
Mr.. Foley, who is general chair
man, will be assisted by his Advisory
Committee chairman, DR.. William
M. Mann, director of the Zoo.
Ceremonies officially launching
the plans for the circus were con-
Quoted yesterday at the Zoo III
Chairman Foley and DR.. Mann
leading the program.
Evening star., 1942-11-29
Defense Rescue Units
To Stage Review Today

The Districts Civilian Defense
Rescue Service will mark the first
anniversary of its organization with
review of equipment and personnel
at 2:3O pm, today at Thirteenth and
Upshur streets NV.
All equipment Or ,he service and
representatives of the % rescue
squads stationed throughout the
Metropolitan Area will be reviewed
by Col. Lemuel Bolles, executive di-
rector of District Civilian Defense,
and Fire Chief Stephen Porter.
The public has been invited to
view the array of equipment. OFF,
cials hope the demonstration will
stimulate additional recruiting. since
membership is far behind the num-
Der needed for rescue work.
One of the first groups in civilian
defense to be organized, the Rescue
Service now has complement of
$50 trained workers. Volunteers in
the service have given repeated
demonstrations of rescue work un-
der simulated air raid conditions as
. part Of their training. 49,
Those interested in becoming
rescue squad volunteers are asked to
report to the headquarters of the
Service at 2539 Pennsylvania avenue
NV. or at the Civilian Defense VOL
unteer Office, 1924 F street NV. or
the CDVO branch at 1921 Pennsyl-
vania avenue NV.
Evening star., 1942-11-29
UruguaYans Voting
On President Today
In 10-Man Contest
Pro-Democruts Given
Edge Over IsoIotionist
Opposition Candidates
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
MONTEVIDEO, Uruguay, Nov. o.
-Uruguayans will elect a new pres
1dent tomorrow in a 10-man race in
which pro-democratic candidates
are conceded an edge over an iso-
lationist opposition.
Four Of the 10 belong to the
Colorado party of President Alfredo
Baldomir, who is not seeking re-
election. The leading opposition
candidate, Luis Alberto Herrera,
1solationist, represents the National
list party. He has long been con-
sidered hostile to the United States.
Expected to poll the largest vote
among the Colorado aspirants is
Juan Jose Amezaga, lawyer who
has the support of Baldomir.
The unusual Uruguayan electoral
system gives tomorrow's balloting
characteristics of both q primary
and general election. Votes cast for
the several candidates of the same
party will be totaled. the party
SdPVti Ails WAC tdA SCoU bOtdl gaining
the presidency. The highest cam
didate on the winning party's list
becomes the President elect, even
though his own vote might be small
er than the vote of some individual
candidate of the opposition party.
This system, observers believe,
virtually assures the triumph of one
of the candidates of the Colorado
party. Beside Amezaga, these in
clude Foreign Minister Alberto
Guani, who has Baldomir's support
for Vice President, and another can
didate considered to have a chance.
Eduardo Blanco Acevedo, a physi-
clan.
The campaign was enlivened at
the last minute by a charge in the
pro- government newspaper Ell ITEM
po that Axis agents had contributed
to the .NationaliSts' campaign fund.
Directors of the Herrera campaign
sued the paper for criminal libel
as a result of the charge.
Evening star., 1942-11-29

chart on which housewives may
enter day-to-day meat purchases.
A change in tomorrow nights
meeting place for Victory Volunteers
Of the east central defense area was
announced by Mrs. Swinney. Origi-
nally scheduled for St. Aloysius
Church. the meeting will be held
instead in the dunbar High School
auditorium, First and o streets NV.
All other VIC groups will meet at
the times and locations listed in
Fridays Star.
In the meat conservation cam
paign. scheduled to begin this week
IN 19 local defense areas, all persons
will be asked to limit use of meat
to 2h pounds each week for adults,
IA pounds for children between 6
and IL, and three -fourths of a pound
for younger children.
Victory Volunteers in about a
Evening star., 1942-11-29
D. {. Woman Killed
By 1axicab, Raising
Years S Toll 10 101
Mrs. Leila Fletcher, 48,
Knocked 81 Feet by
Cor, Police Report
D. 6. Traffic Toll
Killed in 1912 -1Ol
Killed in same period of 194l 81
Toll for all of 1941 95

District traffic fatalities for 1912
went to 101 last night when Mrs.
Leila Fletcher, 48, of 333 C street
Sc, was struck by a taxicab on
Pennsylvania avenue Sc. while she
was in the crosswalk of Third street.
Police said the woman was
knocked 54 feet by the cab.
Mrs. Fletcher, who was identified
by friends, was pronounced dead by
a Casualty Hospital physician.
Mrs. Fletcher made her home
with a brother, Gerald Lewis, who
said she was widow with two sons.
One OF her sons, Henry L. Fletcher
is in the Navy and is believed to be
at Pearl Harbor. Her other son,
Jack, was attending a movie at the
time of the accident.
Foster Jones, about "a, of the 400
block OF Kentucky avenue Sc. was
the driver of the taxicab, police said.
In an accident yesterday, John
H. Rose, so, of All Second street
Sc. received head injuries when an
automobile in which he was a pas
senger struck the center wall of the
viaduct at New Jersey and Virginia
avenues Sc.
Mr.. Rose was removed to Casualty
Hospital, where his condition was
diagnosed as not serious.
Police said Lloyd Davis, about 80,
of the 100 block of North Carolina
avenue Sc, was the operator of
the car He was treated at Gal
linger Hospital for leg injury.
Evening star., 1942-11-29
Share-the-Meat Drive
Badges and Kits 10
Be Issued Tomorrow
Include Suggestions
And Recipes for
Conservation Program

Badges and kits containing
printed materials for use In the
share e-the-meat" campaign will be
distributed to Victory Volunteers of
l9 local civilian defense areas at
information meetings tomorrow, ac-
cording to Mrs. Olive w. Swinney,
executive secretary of the moboliza-
ton division Of Washington's civil
ian defense.
The printed materials, to be left
in all homes visited by Victory VOL
unteer Corps block, workers, include
suggestions for meat conservation
a list of suggested recipes, and a
Evening star., 1942-11-29
Britons Burnino Peut

To relieve the strain on trans
portation, England has requested
householders near peat deposits in
remote areas to burn peat instead
of coal
Evening star., 1942-11-29

dozen other defense areas will join
in the campaign next week. In IS
areas. VIC units will not be organ
lied in time for the meat-saving
drive, but will take part in future
projects.
Evening star., 1942-11-29

A dollar = day keeps the Axis
away-if put into War bonds.
Evening star., 1942-01-25

had the fully mobilized man power
of fanactic nation of 101, 100000
people, which has had universal
military training for almost rs years
and which, according to the Presi-
dent, has been preparing for Is
of these rs years to fight the
U. S. A. and the British for the
control of the Far Pacific. It is
estimated the Japanese have 10000
600 trained reserviStS who can be
called to the colors. OF course, they
have not the officers, arms and
equipment for this number. They
have for perhaps 100000.
Seasoned in modern warfare by
four years in China, this profess
sional army, less the troops needed
for holding Chang Kai-shek, oc-
cupying Indo-C China and Thailand,
and invading the Malay Peninsula,
was poured into the Philippines,
which lie right in Japan's Pacific
back yard. According to our War
Department, 100000 men, fully sup
ported by naval and air units, were
thrown against MacArthur's 5000
defenders in the invasion of Luzon.
And why did Macarthur not have
more on hand" to meet this over
whelmining attack when it came?
he had too little on hand because
there was too much in demand by
our Allies and by ourselves In the
european theater of war.
Gen. Marshall, who had long
understood the Pacific danger, had
SIX or eight months been sending
whatever reinforcements he could
lay his eager hands on to the
Phlllpplnes. But he was faced with
other fronts, other foes. He had
had to find troops, complete with
modern armament and planes for
Alaska, Hawaii, the Panama Canal
Zone and all our newly acquired
Atlantic bases from Iceland to
Trinidad, to Dutch and British
Guiana, not to mention material
we had committed ourselves to send
to the British in England and
Africa and the Russians holding
before MOSCOW. ADMIRAL Stark.
commanding a one-ocean Navy.
committed to safeguarding two
oceans and seven seas, was in the
same unhappy fix: Too little on one
hand, too much in demand every
where; that was the road to the
Far Eastern disaster.
Potential Planes Worthless.
And where did the .Japs get "the
stun from? The planes, tanks,
guns, armaments? From an in
dustry which has been built from
the beginning for war output for
many years, from the slave labor"
Of 101 100000 people with low liv-
ing standards, from quantities of
boarded raw materials, scrap, oil,
iron, rubber, bought from Great
Britain and the United States of
American to use in the accom-
plishment of our very destruction.
There can be no argument that
potentially Americas industrial war
output is much greater than
Japan's. But Macarthur could not
hold the island of Luzon with
potential planes or bullets.
And why was help not sent to
Macarthur from Singapore and the
N. E. l.? Because the British and
the Dutch were themselves, from
the very beginning, in a similar
jam. That great baseball l-loving
nation, Japan, was executing a
Evening star., 1942-01-25
XVI

There were, prior to December Z,
1941. japanese spies on the Island
of Oahu. Some were Japanese con-
sular agents and others were per-
sons having no open relations with
the Japanese foreign service. These
spies collected, and through various
channels transmitted, information
to the japanese Empire respecting
the military and naval establish
ments and dispositions on the
island.
In Hawaii the local Army Intel
ligence Service has always devoted
itself to matters pertaining to Army
personnel and property: and the
local Naval Intelligence Service to
matters pertaining to Navy per-
sonnel and property. In addition,
prior to the establishment of an
Office of the Federal Bureau of In
vestigation in Hawaii, naval intel
ligence investigated enemy activities
amongst the civil population. When
the bureaus Office was established
1t was agreed by the three govern
mental agencies that the bureau
shoould take over and become pri-
marily responsible for investigation
Evening star., 1942-01-25

ters from the base In Hawaii, 3,400
miles from Toxic. Moreover, all
the Japanese islands, running south
and somewhat west to the Japanese
Caroline Islands, form an outer line
of Japanese defense. From these
islands Japanese airplanes and sub
marines could operate on the left
or southern flank of our fleet, should
it attempt to steam 3,400 miles past
them to Toxic. Such an unwise
maneuver on our part would have
been entirely Japanese cup Of tea.
Surprise Big Advantage.
Did the "treacherous" attack on
Pearl Harbor greatly change our
strategic situation IN the Pacific?
First, let us have done with this
word "treacherous." "Treachery"
in the dictionary Is defined as "se-
cret desertion of the cause to which
one processes allegiance" On De-
cember 6 the Japanese diplomats
were not processing any allegiance
to our cause, at. Washington. They
were open and full-fledged Axis
partners. For Is years "a fact well
known to our military and naval
mem they had been preparing for
war on us. Gauging that the time
had come at last, in the attack on
Pearl Harbor they wisely took the
military initiative.
Gen. Homer Lea, American mill
tary expert and author of "The
Valor of Ignorance" wrote IS years
ago: when the rate of speed by
which nations move to the point OF
contact has been ascertained. it de-
wolves upon ministers of state to
anticipate amy overt act on the part
of the enemy and initiate the war.
war, 1T commits its first error
against the principle Of military
science. When it waits to make
ready for war after hostihties have
been declared. it only prepares to
destroy itself So essential Is this
principle of initiation to success in
warfare that there is no instance
within the last 200 years where
sufficient warning has been given
that permitted the enemy to under
take military preparation. The
necessity of a declaration of war Is
only a modern illusion . In fu-
ture it can be considered as an
established principle that nations
will more and more make war with
out previous notification, since mod
ern inventions increase their ability
to take their opponents by surprise
and to strike the first blow as nearly
as possible to their main base"
BY failing to anticipate Japan's
overt act. by failing to build up in
the Pacific the army and navy and
air force necessary to win and then
initiating this inevitable war, by
allowing Japan to strike first at
our main Pacific base. Pearl Har-
Dor, we most certainly threw away
incalculable military advantages in
the Pacific. Had we and Britain
both acted in time, the Japanese
would be on the defensive every
where today instead of the offensive.
In spite of its victories, is Japan
still committing hara-kiri? If we
say so-and make the say-so good
If we fully realize our vast poten.
tialities in armament and man
power. And If we are willing to
shed many tears, sweat gallons Of
salt and spill a lot of brave Amer
ican blood-otherwise not.
Released BY the North American
Newspaper Alliance, Ine.)
Evening star., 1942-01-25

planes searched the sector south.
west to northwest Of Oahu. Two
utility planes searched northward
Of Oahu to q distance Of 300 miles;
and nine planes which had arrived
from carriers and refueled searched
some 200 miles to the northward.
No contacts were made with enemy
aircraft or carriers, except that one
Navy airplane was attacked by
Japanese airplane some 800 miles
north Of Oahu. This incident was
not reported until next day.
Evening star., 1942-01-25

gigantic series Of military squeeze
| plays on Dutch, American and
British positions. None knew where
the main attack" would really fall
so none dared leave his base in
force to help his neighbors out
In fact, the attack on the Malay
Peninsula began even before the
Japs landed at Luzon. And the fall
of Hong Kong, the last great Euro
pean fortress on China's coast which
could threaten the flank of Japan's
southwark march, the nightmare
loss of Britain's two great "unsink-
able" capital ships, the Repulse and
the Prince of Wales, had left the
Jap battle feet sailing pretty, free
from danger of any knockout" blow
and substantially in control Of the
China Seas between Manila and
Singapore.
While the British, caught with
their imperial shorts down, tried to
get set with everything they thought
they had to stem the invasion that
steamed down both sides Of the
Malay Peninsula toward the RAM
parts of Singapore, Dutch subma-
rines and Dutch aviation did what
little they could to relieve the heavy
pressure on the Philippines until
Jap bombers began to drop their
visiting cards in the N. E. l., and,
as a testimonial Of greater favors to
come, landed troops In both British
and Dutch Borneo.
Australia and New Zealand, even
before December Z, had sent to
North Africa. Eastern Asia and the
Malay Peninsula nearly all the
troops they could spare. The sicker
Singapore and the Philippines look
ed, as the Japanese galloping con-
sumption ragged to their north, the
more wisdom dictated. perhaps, to
the Australians and New Zealanders,
that they keep the remainder of
their man power to roll with the
punch, should the punch land at
home.
The Chinese could relieve" the
Philippines only indirectly by stag
ing offensives on the Sino-Japanese
front. Sorely lacking modern arma-
ment, ammunition and airplanes,
they had found it impossible even
to drive down behind the Japs on
the Kowloon Peninsula to relieve
the besieged British at Hong Kong
The handful of American planes and
pilots ESTIMATED at between so and
150) sent before December to their
army of 1000, 900 to lick the Japs
with could do little more than try
to help the British under lombard
ment at Rangoon-the mouth of
their own lifeline, the Burma road.
Handicapped by Distances.
From the beginning Macarthur
and his $1,000 troops. facing an in
vasion by 100000 men, were on their
own. For the British and the Dutch
and the Chinese, like Macarthur
himself, were also-from the be-
ginning - looking desperately for
help. Looking where? Thousands
on thousands of miles off across the
purple wastes of the Pacific to the
U. S. A.
And what was the U. s. A. doing?
Keeling from the first few weeks
under the shock of the losses in
planes and ships at Pearl Harbor.
And then taking, for the first time,
alas, good look at the immutable
geography of the Pacific Ocean.
Realizing that help ships, guns,
Evening star., 1942-01-25

planes, tanks or troops, to reach
Macarthur directly had 1000 miles
out of San Francisco, 5000 miles
out of Hawaii to go. But not entirely
realizing that these thousands of
miles were exceedingly dangerous
miles. a reckless highway for ships
to sail.
Less than 1000 miles west Of the
Hawaiian Islands lie the first nasty
little group of Japanese islands, the
Marshalls. From there on west to
the Pelew Islands, only 500 miles
east of Manila, there are nothing but
Japanese islands. 1t is reasonable
to suppose that nation which has
been preparing to gain mastery Of
the Pacific for IS years has garri-
soned, armed and supplied these like
dens of thieves. This explains, no
doubt. why Guam and Wake. lying
between Honolulu and the Philip
pines, have both been captured,
without naval interference out Of
Hawaii.
So help" sent from the United
States must either pick or fight its
way through this pirates nest Of
Japanese islands-well supplied with
submarine and air bases-or else
trek far south, below the Equator,
and from there trek again north to
the Dutch East Indies and the
Philippines. This reasonably safe
route is piddling matter of 10000
miles out Of Frisco. Meanwhile,
remember Toxic lies only l,50O miles
from Luzon. Simple arithmetic will
show that one Jap troop or supply
ship, used in the attack on the
Philippines, could make almost eight
round trips to an American relief"
ships one.
Other Strategic Bases.
Another unpleasant little item on
the geographical agenda is Formosa.
This island, only 400 miles from
Northern Luzon, has been Japanese
since Japan grabbed 1t from China
after the first Sino-Japanese War
IN 1895. Well known to military
men is that on Formosa's southern
tip there are a number of Japanese
military bases. OF Formosa, in the
Pescadores Islands, is another i'm
portant Japanese military base
which no white man is supposed
ever to have visited-but which
white men will certainly have to
visit yet If this war is to be won.
Expeditions such as those landed
In LuZon could be secretly assembled
IN these bases, sail across the Bashi
and Balintang Channels, where
there Is very little shipping, and
suddenly appear in the hot, red,
tropical dawn at Aparri, Vigan, the
Lingayen Gulf ports, Atimonan,
Mauban and Legaspi. Precisely this
unpleasant surprise party began to
happen about seven weeks ago.
Likewise, an expedition could be
assembled secretly in the Pelew Is
lands. sail the 500 miles of lonely
waters to Davao, and only make its
presence known when 1t attacked.
And that way went Mindanao.
Why didn't "our fleet" steam at
once out of Honolulu to attack the
Jap fleet In. say, the waters between
Hawaii and Toxic? Because much
Of the American Fleet was Ut may
be assume0 operating in the At
lantic, and what was in the Pacific,
undamaged by the attack at Pearl
Harbor, was probably not any
stronger than the total Japanese
fleet and therefore not strong
enough to operate in Japanese wa
Evening star., 1942-01-25

of matters connected with the civil
population and that the three serv-
ices should cooperate with each
other Efforts were made by the
bureau to uncover espionage activ-
tiles in Hawaii. The United States
being at peace with Japan, restric-
tions imposed prevented resort to
certain methods of obtaining the
content of messages transmitted by
telephone or radio telegraph over
the commercial lines operating be-
tween Oahu and Japan. The bureau
and the local intelligence STATS
were unable, prior to December Z,
to obtain and make available signifi-
cant information respecting Japa-
nese plans and fleet movements in
the direction Of Hawaii.
Japan Kept zoo
Consular Agents.
In the summer of 1941 there were
more than 200 consular agents act
ing under the Japanese consul who
was stationed in Honolulu, Ter
ritory OF Hawaii. The Naval District
Intelligence Ofiice raised a question
with the Federal Bureau of In
vesigation, and with the intel
ligence officer of the Hawaiian De-
partment Of the Army, whether
these agents should not be arrested
for failing to register as agents of
a foreign principal as required by
statutes Of the United States. In
conference respecting this question,
the commanding general, Hawai-
ian Department, objected to the
arrest Of any such persons at least
until they had been given notice
and an opportunity to register, as
serting that their arrest would tend
to thwart the efforts which the
Army had made to create friendly
sentiment towards the United States
on the part of japanese aliens
resident in Hawaii and American
citizens of japanese descent resident
In Hawaii and create unnecessary
bad feeling. No action was taken
against the agents.
It was believed that the cente,
! Of Japanese espionage IN Hawaii
Evening star., 1942-01-25
XVII T.

The passes and liberty granted
the personnel of the Army and Navy
In Hawaii on Saturday, December
6, were normal for q period when
the forces were not upon . war
footing, with the following ex-
ceptions: The normal Army guard
Evening star., 1942-01-25

was the Japanese consulate at
Honolulu. It has been discovered
that the Japanese consul sent to
and received from Toxic in his
own and other names many mes
sages on commercial radio circuits.
This activity greatly increased to-
ward December Z, l94l. The con-
tents of these messages, if it could
have been learned, might have
furnished valuable information. In
view of the peaceful relations with
Japan and the consequent restric-
tions on the activities Of the in
vestigating agencies they were un-
able prior to December 7 to obtain
and examine messages transmitted
through commercial channels by the
Japanese consul, or by persons act
ing for him.
1t Is now apparent that through
their intelligence service the Jap
anese had complete information.
They evidently knew that no task
force of the United States Navy
was anywhere in the sector north
east, north, and northwest Of the
Hawaiian Islands. They evidently
knew that no distant airplane re-
connaissance was maintained in
any sector. They evidently knew
that up to December 6 no inshore
airplane patrol was being main
tanned around the periphery Of
Oahu. They knew from maps which
they had obtained, the exact location
Of vital air fields. hangers, and other
structures. They also knew &C
curately where certain important
navel vessels would be berthed.
Their hiers had the most detailed
maps, courses and bearings so that
each could attack a given vessel
or field. Each seems to have been
given q specified mission.
Evening star., 1942-01-25

Under the joint coastal frontier
defense plan, when the plan be-
came effective the Navy was to con-
duct distant air reconnaissance,
radiating from Oahu to a distance
of from seven to eight hundred
miles. Prior to December 7, 1941,
no distant reconnaissance were
conducted, except during drills and
maneuvers. The fleet from time to
time had task forces operating in