davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1942-11-02
Ring Of Steel
Hens in Foe
on The Desert
Boyonst Chorses
Trop Portion
Of Rommel's Army
BY EDWARD KENNEDY

CAIRO, Nov. 2 - (R - A
concentration Of Axis forces on
Nazi Marshal Erwin Rommels
left flank was pocketed in a bold
weekend night thrust by Aus
tralian troops who smashed
across coastal sand dunes with
bayonets flashing and up until
last night the enemy had made
no real move to break out, al
though one appeared imminent.
(Cairo reports to London
newspapers said the trapped
Axis troops numbered several
thousand. most of them Ger
mans.)
The Axis force was caught Fri
day night by the desert-wise
Australians who crossed the rail-
road running near the coast in
the fact Of considerable enemy
opposition.
WIFE OUT NESTS
The Au2sies wiped out Axis
nAsts SD lQaI seisoners rs they
surged forward, often relying on
the bayonet to overcome oppo-
Ation.
The enemy concentration was
not wholly encirclsd but an iron
ring was :zoSyed around it with
sufficient completeness to make
its position untenhble.
United States and British air.
men meanwhile GOT in heavy
new blows against Axis COM
munications.
American headquarters an
nounced q destructive raid upon
the Axis air base at Maleme, in
Crete, by heavy bombers and
the Raj reported that two en-
See DESERT-Page 2
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1942-11-02

Confused Candidates
Eye Public Lethargy
Polls Open from Z: AN. Until
SPIN. Throughout County

during other campaigns, were
unable to make any concrete
predictions as to the outcome;
they simply hung horSeshoes ov-
er their campaign headquarters
doorways /. and hoped.
Following Is . complete list
Of the candidates for state, coun-
ty and legislative offices who
See ELkCTION-Rage 3
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1942-11-02
81 Ponies Saved
from Blazing Barn
Fire Department,
Neiahbors louded

Thirty seven Shetland ponies
owned by Joe Provost we're led
to safety early Sunday after fire
caused by spontaneous combus-
ton damaged the Provost barn
at ITO South Broadway.
Provost early today 1auded
the fire department, pointing out
the men reached the scene two
and one-half minutes after they
were notified. Neighbors aid
ed him in rescuing the ponies.
Fire Chief c. Edward Willert
said spontaneous combustion
touched off hay in the barn.
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1942-11-02

CAIRO, Nov. 8 -W.N- Brit
lsh Imperials, holding . part Of
the Axis desert armies In . peck
ct west Of the Alamein Line,
have turned back determined
enemy attacks between the Med
iterranean and the Alexandria
Matruh railroad, 1t was announc-
ed today.
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1942-11-02

MELBOURNE, Australia, Nov.
2-(R)-A Royal Australian Air
Force formation II based In So
Wet Russia, where Il Is helping
to protect Allied conveys to
Murmansk and cooperating with
the Red Air Force in hunting
enemy surface raiders, Air Min
lister Arthur s. Drakeford an
nounced today.
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1942-11-02
Work rs Usual

MOSCOW, Nov. Z - N -
Despite the fact the Stalingrad
tractor plant was not in opera
ton, the Soviet tank industry
produced more tanks In October
than I'm September and exceed
ed its quota, . Tass report said
today.
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1942-11-02

LONDON, Nov. 3 - N -
The Admiralty announced today
that. one enemy supply ship was
set on fire and . small vessel
left sinking during . fight with
IN enemy convoy off the Sept
Hes (Seven lslands) yesterday
morning. The Islands are off the
north coast Of Brittany.
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1942-11-02
NaZis Retreat

MOSCOW, Nov. 3 - WD -
The Germans inside Stalingrsd
retreated farther today before
powerful Soviet counter attacks,
but battlefront dispatches said
the Nazis were rushing more
men, planes and tanks to the
Nalchik area Of the eastern eau
casus for . supreme effort to
drive to the Georgia military
highway.
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1942-11-02
Production Up

CARDIFF, Wales, Nov. 2 -
Up Britain's aircraft produc-
ton In September increased 70
per cent over August, Home
Secretary Herbert Morrison de-
clared here yesterday In . speech
in which he paid tribute to the
achievements Of the Britis b
worker.
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1942-11-02

| late X X X
bulletins


LONDON, Nov. 2 - R =
The Vichy radio broadcast TO-
day . Berlin report that Field
Marshal Rommers personally
leds' eounterattack against the
British In the Egyptian desert
yesterday had ended IN favor
Of the Germans after violent
fighting.
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1942-11-02

The Daily Monitor Leader
election service will, - In the
past, be avail9ble to the gem
eral public - soon ~ the
polls have closed Tuesday
night and totals are relaysate
~ newspaper By. t0w4eA1p
~ city officish. n 6G6to'
bsasa' viii Be erected bsbors1
the Moniter- Leader buiJoing
and tabulations win BE- main-
tanned throughout the night.
Telephone Mount Clemens
1900 for election returns AZ
ter 3 p. m. Tuesday.
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1942-11-02
New Director

.se agELBognet1. Apslsslia, Nav.
: 1.oa B 49,
lnani's dicillen ~ ba16 = Co.,
snonwealtA GiRoo1gt1te q agri-
culture with saDeo1ne Autho1ity
for agricultural plannins for the
whole Of Australia was an
nounced today.
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1942-11-02
Land Survivors

FUNCHAL, Madeira Island,
Nov. 2 - up - Eighty-four
survivors Of British freighters
tOrped0ed In the Atlantic have
been landed here. It was an
n0unced today.
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1942-11-02
Precinct NO.4
Leads in CD


OF the total number of resi-
dents enrolled in the Today Pc
riod since the opening Of the
Civilian Defense Drive conduct
ed here by the Volunteer Office,
Precinct No. 4 leads with q total
to date of 40 Pc cent, It was
announced today by Mrs. Paul
Hirt, RECRUITING chairman.
Precinct No. 5 was second with
20 per cent standing.
Other percentages were as fol-
lows:
Precinct No. 2, IA per cent.
Precinct No. 3, 10 per cent.
Precinct No. /, 8 per cent.
Precinct No. 6, 8 per cent.
Announcement was made to-
day of six permanent recruiting
See RECRUITS-Page 2
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1942-11-02

ROME (From italian Broad.
casts) Nov. 3 @R- The ltal.
ian Nigh Command said to-day
that 100 Australians and - mo-
tor trucks had been captured IN
q Favorable development" IN
the northern sector Of the Ala.
mein front.
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1942-11-02

nECT WHoUB y. HID
PROSECUxIIg0 ATTORNEY
HI lGRRITS H90M02J0N
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1942-11-02

A survey, started to day by
members Of the Child Welfare
committee of the U. S. Citizens
Service Corps, will determine
the need for day-care service
for children Of working mothers
throughout the Mount Clemens
area, Mrs. c. Harry Malbin,
chairman Of the group, revealed
today.
While adequate information
concerning the care Of children
of school age will be obtainable
through q survey Of the schools,
Mrs. Malbin said, the problem Of
pre-school age children In homes
where both parents are employ
ed is one that must be determin-
ed through submission Of infor-
nation to the Office Of Civilian
Defense.
II mothers of pre-school age
children, who desire assistance
In caring for their youngsters.
will ill out the coupon appear
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1942-11-02

rhsut Ter Sheriff-Seosa1 Ter
DID . Dig Jsb d . 0sise way
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1942-11-02

NO SUBSTITUTE F0R BXRnr
lENCR RLBCT "DILL" HELD
PBOSHCUC02-8BP. TICKET
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1942-11-02

ELECT Robert Bob"
HAvEL Sheriff. Republican. Hid
II an outstanding record.
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1942-11-02

Elect Jaseb =. (Jake) Theut
Sheriff
Hs Desssyss . Sscead Tern
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1942-11-02

day OF Six permanent recruitInl
See RECRUITS-Page 3
Evening star., 1942-06-30
Margaret C.. King
Bride of 1t. Gibbs

st. Thomas Church was the scene
of the wedding Saturday of Miss
Margaret Catherine King of Los
Angeles 70 1t. q. g. George Gibbs,
U. S. N. r., of Palos Verdes Estates
in California. The bride is the
daughter of Mrs. Katherine Ludwig
King of Los Angeles and the bride
groom is the son of Mr.. Charles
Gibbs.
The matron of honor was Mrs
John E. Burke of Los Angeles, who
accompanied the bride from the
West Coast. Bridesmaid was Miss
Eugenia Rowland, daughter of Col
Arthur E. Roland.
The bride was given in marriage
by Mr.. Lionel Lathrup Van Deerlin
Mrs. Gibbs is a graduate of the
University of Southern California
where she was member of Theta
Sigma Phi journalistic sorority for
women and Mortar Board Since
her graduation she has been man.
aging editor of the Palos Verdes
Bulletin. 1t. Gibbs was graduated
from Pomona College and Harvard
University. He is member of the
University of CALIFORNIA; economic:
department.
Following the marriage ceremony
reception was held at the home o.
Miss Harlean James, where Mis-!
Lora Gibbs assisted 1t. and Mrs
Gibbs will make their home at Bel
mont Gardens.
Evening star., 1942-06-30
Miss Griffith Wed
To Ensi9n kephart

One of the many weddings of last
week took place Tuesday, June %
at the Woodside Methodist Church
when Miss Mary Ann Griffith,
daughter of Mr.. and Mrs. Howard
Griffith of Silver Spring, became
the bride of Ensign George Overton
Kephart, U. S. C. G., son of Mr..
and Mrs. Leonard w. Kephart of
Takoma Park. The Rev. Ralph
Della Smith, pastor. offciated at the
ceremony, which took place before
an altar banked with white gladi-
oluses, carnations, lilies and palms.
Given in marriage by her father.
the bride wore gown of white
mousseline de sole and her full
length veil Of tulle was held by a
coronet of stephanotis. She car
ried bouquet of white orchids and
stephanotis.
Miss Nancy King of Annapolis
was the maid of honor. She wore
gown of pink summer taffeta
made on similar lines to that of the
brides and a shoulder-length veil
which was held in place bv a
Evening star., 1942-06-30
Barbara Ronemus
Married FRIDAY

The marriage of Miss Barbara
Lee Ronemus, daughter of Mr. and
Mrs. Leo w. Ronemus of this city,
to Mr.. Joseph H. Hetherington took
place Friday at the home of the
brides parents with the Rev. DR..
c. E. Hawthorne officiating.
Given in marriage by her father,
the bride wore a white gown with
insertions Of lace. Her flnger-tip
veil of illusion fell from a coronet
of seed pearls. She carried
shower bouquet of white roses and
stepharotis.
Mrs. Lyndon L. Scates, the
brides sister. was her matron OF
honor. She was gowned in pink
marquisette and lace fashioned on
the same lines as the brides gown
and her flowers were pink roses
and blue delphinium
Mr.. Lyndon L. Scates was the
best man.
After an informal reception, Mr..
and Mrs Hetherington left for a
week in Philadelphia and Ocean
City, N. J. Mrs. Hetherington wore
as her travelling costume a two
piece powder blue dress with which
| she wore white accessories and an
orchid corsage. They will make
their home IN Washington.
Evening star., 1942-06-30
Service Families
WillMakeHom
In Arlington
Col. and Mrs. Bailey
Entertain Visitor
From Nezp York

Col. and Mrs. C. M. Simpson, with
their son, Mr.. C. M. Simpson III
and their daughter, Miss Betty
Simpson, recently arrived from Lex
ington, KY, and have taken house
at 3l68 Twenty first street in Arling-
ton.
Saturday Miss Simpson left for
Pine Bush, N. Y, where she will
instruct in writing at Quannacut
Camp for the remainder of the sum-
mer.
Col. and Mrs. Joseph F. Battley
have with them in their Arlington
home Col. Battley's sister-in-law
Mrs H. r. Battley, wife of Maj. Bat
tley of New York.
Mrs. David Clark, wife of Comdr
Clark. with her children Morton
Angelica and David Clark, jr.. has
arrived from Honolulu and taken q
house on North Twenty first street
in Arlington.
Mrs. George c. Miles. wife of 1t
Miles of Arlington, accompanied by
her daughter, Marian, and her sis
ter, Mrs. Gordon Merriam of Wash
ington. and her daughter, Eleanor
will leave tomorrow for Chairman
Pa, where they have leased house
in the mountains for the summer
1t Is bad news for the Axis every
time you buy a War bond. Do II
now,
Evening star., 1942-06-30
Mrs. Martin Guest
In Hvattsville

Mrs. Francis Amnesty Tolson Mar
tin, who before her marriage May
q in st. Lukes Presbyterian
Church in Reno was Miss Amelia
Marie Darney, is temporarily with
her sister, Mrs. Edward Beck, at
3113 Oliver street. Hyattsville. Later
she will be with her husbands
mother, Mrs. Ida Frances Martin,
at 424 Calvert street in Riverdale,
Md.
Mr.. Martin is In the Navy. He is
the grandson of Mrs. Edmonia
Grymes Tolson of King George
County, Va, and the late Mr.. Fran
els FOLSOM
Evening star., 1942-06-30
Golda NJ. Sutton
Becomes Bride
OF Mr.. Bragg
Wedding Ceremony
In Sutton Hall
In Arlington

Sutton Hall, in Arlington, the
home Of DR.. and Mrs. Richard
Nevitte Sutton, was the scene of the
marriage of their daughter, Miss
Golda Mae Sutton, to Mr.. William
L. Bragg, jr., son Of Mr.. and Mrs
William l.. Bragg, also of Arlington
The ceremony was performed last
night at o'clock by the Rev. Pey-
ton Williams.
The bride, who was given in mar
riage by her father, wore an ivory
satin gown made with a full skirt
and embroidered with seed pearls
She wore a finger-tip veil and a
tiara of pleated net and orange
blossoms and her only jewelry was
a three-strand necklace of pearls
She carried shower bouquet of
white gardenias.
Mrs. William A. Menges of Will
mington, Del, sister of the bride
was the matron of honor. She was
gowned in yellow lace and NOUS
seline de sole and her flowers were
blue delphinium.
Mrs. Donald Eckert of Arlington
was the only other adult attendant.
She wore a powder mousseline de
sole gown trimmed with lace Of the
same color. She carried bouquet
of yellow daisies.
AS her flower girl. the bride had
Miss Betty Sutton Menges, who wore
a frock of periwinkle blue organdie
and carried a nosegay Of yellow
daisies and blue delphinium.
The bridegroom had his father as
his best man and the ushers were
Mr.. Thomas Brayhill and Mr..
Henry Butler.
A reception for the guests was held
Immediately following the ceremony.
AS her going-away costume, Mrs.
Bragg wore a white silk jersey print
dress, a white wool finger-tip coat. a
white hat and white accessories
Her corsage was of orchids.
Evening star., 1942-06-30
Ellen B. Michaud
Bride in CHICAGO

Announcement is made Of the
marriage of Miss Ellen Bernice
Michaud of Brentwood, Md. for
merly of Escanaba, Mich, to Mr.
John Edward Peyton, son of Mrs
Mary Peyton of Chicago, the we'd
ding taking place June 20 in Chi
cago.
st. Andrews Church in Chicago
was the scene of the nuptial mass
Father Boyle officiating. DR.. Frank
Even, brother-in-law of the bride
escorted her to the altar, and she
was attended by Miss Anne Mi.
chaud, her sister, as maid of honor
Another sister. Miss Ethel Michaud
was the bridesmaid.
Mr.. Thomas Peyton was best man
and Mr.. Leo Peyton, another
brother, served as groomsman.
Mr. and Mrs. Peyton will make
their home in Cottage City, Md.
Evening star., 1942-06-30
Late Afternoon Affairs Are Popular
With Informality Stressed at Parties

New Haven, Conn, house guest of
the hostess at her Upper Marlboro
home: Mrs. Phillips Dawson. Miss
Patricia Grady, Miss Betty Mills of
Baltimore, Miss Beverly Marshall
and Miss Jane Wyatt.
Another party on yesterdays CAL
endar was that given by Mr.. George
Harris and his daughter, Miss Aileen
Havlin Harris, in honor of Miss Dor
othy Nicholson and Mr. Harrison
Bates. who will be married this
evening.
The party was an after-rehearsal
dinner for the wedding party and
a number of other guests, including
the parents Of the bride-elect and
Mr.. Sinclair MacGibbon of Aus
tralia, house guest of Mr. and Miss
Harris. who is en- route from Eng
land to his homeland.
Evening star., 1942-06-30

Miss Charlotte Stevens, sister OF
the bride, was maid of honor, wear
ing an aqua gown of satin and net
and carrying a Colonial bouquet OF
yellow roses. Miss Jeanne Stevens,
another sister of the bride, and Miss
Louise Delano served as brides
maids. wearing yellow satin and lace
and carrying red roses.
Mr.. Charles c. Stevens, brother
Of the bride, was best man and Mr..
Earl D. Miller, Mr.. r. Craig Ste
vens, Mr.. George Jackson SteFens,
jr., and Mr.. j. David Stevens were
the ushers.
After a reception held at the
church 1t. and Mrs. Gross left for
Jacksonville, Fla, where they will
make their home.
Evening star., 1942-06-30
Mary P. Bradley
AndC.L.Watkins
Wed in New York
BRIDEGROOM Is the
Associate Director
OF PHILLIPS Gallery

Mrs. Joseph H. Bradley of Rock
vile and Washington announces
the marriage of her daughter. Miss
Mary Parrish Bradley. to Mr.. c. Law
Watkins, the wedding taking place
June % in New York City.
Mrs. Bradley accompanied her
daughter to New York for the cere-
mony, which was held in the First
Presbyterian Church with the Rev.
Kenneth Welles of Albany off,
ciating.
The bride Is the daughter of the
late Mr.. Joseph Bradley of Wash
ington. Mr.. Watkins is the asso-
ciate director of the Phillips Me-
mortal Gallery.
Mr.. and Mrs. Watkins left after
the ceremony for Connecticut. where
they have taken a house for the
summer On their return they will
make their home in Washington.
Evening star., 1942-06-30

Senior Carlos A. Pardo, first secre-
tary of the Argentine Embassy, and
Sonora Pardo left Washington today
for Mexico City, where he will take
up his new duties as Charge
dAffaires of the Argentine Embassy
in the Mexican capital. Late yester-
day afternoon they were hosts at
an informal farewell party to a
number of friends who began arriv-
ing at 6 o'clock for a final talk fest
before the last minute packing for
the first lap Of the motor trip today.
Among those in the diplomatic
corps at the Pardos farewell party
were the Argentine Ambassador,
Senor Felipe A. Espil; the AM
bassador of Mexico, DR.. Francisco
Castillo Najera; the Ambassador Of
Ecuador, Capt. Colon Eloy Alfaro
and Sonora de Alfaro; the AM
bassador Of Uruguay and Sonora de
Blanco and the Ambassador of
Bolivia. Dr. Luis Fernando Guachalla,
dilu IIldlly OtllcIS.
Mrs. Cary Euwer was luncheon
hostess yesterday to a group of COL
lege friends invited to honor Mrs.
Joseph Getzendanner. the former
Miss Betty Anne Forbes of Cleve-
land. who. with her husband. 1t.
Getzendanner, jr.. is now in WASH
lngton. Mrs. Euwer gave the
luncheon in the home of her parents,
Mr.. and Mrs William Stanley.
Mrs. EGwer. who was before her
marriage last winter Miss Mary
Jane Stanley. was a classmate at
Wells College Of her honor guest
yesterday, and among the other
Wells friends who were at the lunch
con were Miss Laura Brainard of
Evening star., 1942-06-30

coronet of roseolas. She carried
an arm bouquet of roSeolas.
The bridesmaids, Miss Barbara
Kephart, sister of the bridegroom;
Miss Ruth Lee Thompson and Miss
Martha Rainalter of Cumberland
were gowned alike in green sum-
mer taffeta with matching shoulder
length wells held by roseolas. They
also carried roseolas.
The flower girls, nieces of the
bride, were Miss Joan Gamble and
Miss Lucinda Griffith. They wore
frocks of yellow mousseline de sole
with matching hats and carried
baskets of flowers.
Mr.. Douglas Wallop III of WASH
ington was the best man and the
ushers were Mr.. Charles Griffith,
brother of the bride; Mr.. Charles
Ksanda and Capt Ralph Keller
A reception was given at the
home of the brides parents for the
families and the bridal party.
For travelling the bride wore a
two-piece suit of lime green crepe
with white accessories and an
orchid corSage.
Evening star., 1942-06-30
Mrs. B. D. Mcintyre
Leaves for Home

Mrs. Brouwer D. Mcintyre. wife
of the chief of production, Small
Arms Division. Army Ordnance, War
Department, left Sunday evening
for their home in Monroe, Mich,
after spending a week here with
her husband
While Mrs. Mcintyre was here
she and Mr. Mcintyre had as their
house guest Mrs. L. H. Franchot,
who was entertained last Tuesday
by her hostess at a luncheon.
Other guests we're Mrs. L. NJ.
Bolton, Mrs. w. L. Woodward, Mrs.
Donald Whitehouse, Mrs. L. Leonard
and Mrs. Russell Reynolds.
Look what the Navy did at Mid
way. Meet it halfway-by buying
War bonds now,
Evening star., 1942-06-30
Miss Louise Hiser
And Mr.. Beall Wed

Announcement is made of the
marriage Saturday evening of Miss
Louise Esther Hiser and Mr.. Albert
Palmer Beall, the ceremony taking
place in Rock Creek Church, where
the Rev. George L. Waters of Ar
lington, cousin of the bridegroom
ofdciated.
A turquoise print dress was worn
by the bride with a shoulder corsage
of gardenias and white accessories
She was attended by Miss Mary
Beall. sister of the bridegroom. and
Mr.. Basil w. Waters served as best
man.
Evening star., 1942-06-30
Weddings Are Continuing
As Month of Brides Ends
Elizabeth Stevens and 1t. Cross Married;
Many Other Ceremonies Are Announced

White gladioses and gpsoha against banks palms decora
Bethesda Presbyterian Church the wedding evening of
Elizabeth Russell Stevens 1t g. James Garland Cross u
Claude Hyson played the wedding music and accompanied
Baldwin, selections preceding
James S. Albertson ofhciated
the daughter of Mrs Jackson Stevens
Chevy Chase
daughter to the altar gave her in
satin with tiplengh veil
of white orchids adouses stephanos
Evening star., 1942-06-30
1nter>American Conference
Occasion for Entertaining
Deleeafes Are Guests at Luncheon Today;
Party This Afternoon for Sonora Gnardia

delegates the 1nterAmercan Conference
Financial Control will eniven
The conference
given
delegates a Mayfower Hotel.
Wenes. acting chairman
Financial Advisory
Another honong the delegates
reception Edward H Foley,
for Treasury Department
Of Ecuado Captain
among the guests luncheon present
Evening star., 1942-06-30
Mrs. George Mesta
Dinner Hostess

Mrs. George Mesta entertained at
dinner last night at the Sulgrave
Club for her brother-in in-law, Mr..
George Tyson of Boston, who is en-
route to join Mrs. Tyson at their
ranch, K T Bar, in Kirland, Ariz.