davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Imperial Valley press., 1942-12-08

I SNOW anna NlluESLlllS hidoSCo VI
men and machines.
Russian Sapper crews, advancing
into the German minefields. were
having difficult" clearing away enc
nv distractions. front dispatches
said. Mines and tank traps were
buried deep under the snow. and
/ operations were slowed somewhat
oy bad weather conditions and i'm
! pa sable snow banks.
/ NAZIS FIGHT FiERCELY
The German resistance was stiff
/ fening along the entire front, and
] the Nazi commanders whipped their
thn-clad men into fierce and re-
peated counterattaCkS without re-
gard for losses.
The Germans held fast to their
second line in the Stalingrad area
east of the Don. This line stretches
behind Vertachy and PeSkoVokta,
both about 35 miles northwest OF
Stalingrad, and continues between
the Volga and Don rivers. Until
the SapperS dug through the snow
to remove distractions. it would be
impossible for the Russian tanks
TO press forward for full-scale
attack.
POSITIONS UNCHANGED
Front dispatches said the Ger
mans maintained practically all
their positions between the Don
and Volga rivers. northwest and
southwest of Stalingrad, where they
had been communicating steadily
for the last - hours in heavy SHOWS
Only in the Rzhey sector, 130
miles northwest of Moscow, were
new Russian successes reported.
West of Rzhev, the Soviets knitted
deeper into the enemy lines despite
meaSurably stiffened German re-
SiStance.
Local successes were reported for
the Russians west of Rzhev and
east of Veliki Luki, which is only
rs miles from the Latvian frontier.
The Soviet noon COmmunique re-
ported determined but unsuccessful
German cOunterattacks along the
entire front. The stiffened German
resistance stalled the Red army
momentarly, but cost the AXIS COM
mand upwards of 5000 men killed
in DAYS fighting.
IN STALINGRAD
Fighting continued at furious
pace in the southern sector of the
front where trucks were reported
sinking into deep snow drifts.
Tho cOmmuniquc said Russian
troops consolidated their positions
in the factory area Of northern Stall
ingrad and exchanged fire with
the enemy. Russian artillery, sup
porting small groups of Soviet in
fantry, destroyed 30 German gun
emplacementS and silenced 13 fir
ing points there. Upwards of 200
enemy troops were killed.
Radio Paris reported from Ber-
lin that Soviet attacks at Stalingrad
had increased in scale since Sun
day, but claimed the Russians had
been unable to improve their posi-
tionS. It said AZ Soviet tanks had
been deStroyedD
German counIerattacks we're re-
PEELED northwest of Stalingrad
where more than 400 troops and six
tanks were wiped out, the COM
muniquc said. 1t said that although
the enemy counterattacks were
fierce. not in a single sector did
the Germans succeed in rcgaining
positions they had lost earlier or
even improve their positions Slight
~"
Southwest of Stalingrad, the Rus
SLAMS consolidated their positions
and fought artillery duels with the
Germans, the announcement said
A German battalion attack an in
habited locality but was thrown back
with the loss of 200 men and guam
titles of war material
Imperial Valley press., 1942-12-08

Al least IL enemy planes w
Evening star., 1942-10-11

His slogan is: Eat More Fruit
tried out Armenian and other foreign reci-
pes. He watched anxiously to see how his
idea would go over. And it went over big -
bigger - very big.
Mardikian is prosperous citizen today
with host of friends from coast to coast.
He is married to petite and charming
wife, and they have ten-year-old child.
At home his wife does the cooking and, in
Mardikian's opinion, she is one of the
worlds best cooks. He would rather eat at
her table than anywhere else. Actually, he
eats frequently at his restaurants - for he
is perfectionist about food and service and
keeps watchful eye over both.
''American women,'' says Mardikian,
fare among the most intelligent and
resourceful in the world. But they must
in these days learn to practice food con-
servation in their Kitchens - to avoid
waste. Every homemaker can help to
win the war in her kitchen.''
A pet food idea of Mardikian's is the
''one-pot" meal, so dear to frugal Euro
peans. when vegetables and meat are
cooked together, the food values of all the
ingredients are preserved" he says. "Much
Evening star., 1942-10-11
War In The KITCHEN

He gives us some tips
% @saoe Sss"''e'
RF HE S in the US. Service and is an Arme-
nian, he can eat his head off gratis at
d either of George Mardikian's swank and
nationally famous restaurants in San Fran
cisco and Fresno, California. More than 800
Ar1nenian-American soldiers, sailors, AVA
tors and Marines enjoyed this top-flght
Mardikian hospitality in the first six months
after December Z:
Mardikian, a big, solid-muscled man,
with rich brown Armenian eyes that are
both keen and laughing, is naturallzed
citizen who is more American than an
F.F.V. The biggest moments of his life,
he says, came to him when he first saw the
Statue of Liberty and when, six years later,
San Francisco Judge said to him: George
Mardikian, you are an American citizen
He didn't have much money then. He'd
been working up from dishwasher, who
didn't speak any English, to a cafeteria
floor manager who read history, went to
plays and operas, and talked to anybody
who'd let him - bankers, writers, anyone
who spoke English the way Mardikian in
tended to speak it.
Escope from Turkey
AL the young Mardikian asked was a
chance, when he escaped to the U.S.A.,
from starvation and freezing as prisoner of
war in makeshift Turkish prison. And
chance threw him into the midst of the
food business 1t was enough. When he had
learned all the other parts of the restaurant
business, he gave up well-paying job and
started over again as cooks helper, ad-
vancing step by step until the day came
when he could put on the tall, white cap
of master-chef.
As steward on a round-the-world liner,
MARKHAM learned still more about cooking
and the things people like to eat. In Alex
andria, Egypt, he stopped off to take job
under a chef who had cooked for sultans
and czars; and he collected recipes. Later,
he dug up famous old Armenian recipes and
added them to his files.
Then at last Mardikian was ready to
make a real place for himself in his beloved
United States of America. He began with
small upstairs restaurant. He adapted and
Evening star., 1942-04-27
Service Show

At the Capitol Theater on Thurs
day evening next WaShingtonians
will have an opportunity to see fes-
tival entertainment of unprecedent-
ed distinction. The program to be
offered has been arranged by a long
list of famous motion picture players
who. following their appearance in
the Nations Capital, will tour dozen
other cities for the same philan-
thropic purpose-the benefit of the
Army Emergency Relief and the Navy
Relief Fund.
Money to meet the immediate
needs of the families of soldiers and
sailors is sought by the cooperating
Service organizations in the tradi-
tional American manner In Axis
countries the methods of solicitation
are drastically different. Here in the
United States the privilege of giving
freely has been left to the people un-
compelled. All the more important is
1t. then. that the campaign succeed.
Zhe morale Of the fighting forces as
Evening star., 1942-04-27
THIS AND THAT
By Charles 3. Trdcepeu.

birds to the District of Columbia and
nearby Maryland and Virginia
In February. 1917. Denver. Colo. had
an invasion Of these beauties.
It was estimated at that time that
more than 10000 Of the Bohemian wax
wings were within The boundaries Of the
city.
AS far as we can find out. this bird is
more likely to come to the North and
western States, than to the Eastern, or
to the eastern seaboard
-
Neltje Blanchan, In Bird Neighbors,"
speaks only of the Bohemian waxwing,
and tells of seeing q thousand of them
resting on the trees of 4 lawn within
sight of New York City.
This. no doubt. was many years ago.
Alice E. Ball. In her American Land
Birds" says that the Bohemian wax
wing. while similar to It's cousin in color
and markings, may be distinguished by
its larger size. by reddish brown feathers
under the tail, by the absence of yellow
on the breast, by crown that is red
dish brown in front, and by yellow and
white markings on the wings.
The cedar waxwing is inches long,
the Bohemian about inches. SO the lat
ter Is definitely longer.
E. H. Forbush, In useful Birds and
Their Protection" calls the cedar wax
wing "cankerworm Birds" because of
the number Of these worms they devour
He writes: "They frequent infested
orchards in large flocks, and fill them
selves with the worms until they can eat
no more. Such little gluttons rarely can
be found among birds. The cedar bird
seems to have the most rapid digestion
Of any bird with which experiments have
been made.
Audubon said that cedar birds would
gorge themselves with fruit until they
could be taken by hand; and that he
had seen wounded birds, confined In a
cage. eat Of apples until sufiocated.
They will stuff themselves to the very
throat. So. wherever they feed, their
appetites produce a visible effect. Prof.
Forbes estimates that 80 cedar birds will
destroy 10000 cankerworms In a month.
This calculation seems to be far within
bounds"
Forbush believed that 1t is repletion,
rather than play. which induces these
birds. upon occasion to pass caterpillar
or cherry from one to another.
Cedar waxwings are artificial looking
birds The males and females stay to-
gether only during the nesting season.
After that, they all get together in flocks.
In night they seem almost disciplined.
flying In little companies, keeping to-
gether In the best of military fashion
Like all young birds, the nesting wax
wings are first fed insects, but later they
are fed fruit.
Ornithologists tell us that the crop of
the parent birds Is used as q sort Of
market basket. being stuffed with food
for the young. Both parents take turns
at Matching the eggs and feeding the
young.
Evening star., 1942-04-27
Ropid Promotion

A private at San Angelo, Texas, was
recently called into the Office and
given promotion for merit. AS he
glanced at the certificate, he gasped
in amazement. He had suspected
that he was good, but not that good.
He had been made q colonel, no less.
No intermediate grades for him; he
had risen like a rocket. And, to
carry on the simile, he fell like one.
Sorry, colonel" grinned the COM
pany clerk Maybe some day they
will invent a mistakeless typewriter.
Hand me that certificate moment
while change colonel into corporal"
Sadly the ex-colonel left to get his
corporal's stripes, with the feeling Of
a turf fan whose hundred -to-one-
shot had won only to be disqualified.
He was probably the only corporal In
the Army dissatisfied with his promo
ton.
This is certainly unfortunate, but
he should take heart. Another more
famous ex-corporal, Napoleon Bona
parte by name, once said every
grenadier carries a marshal's baton
in his knapsack. /" meaning that If the
grenadier had the right stuff in him
he could rise to high command.
Somewhere in the Texas corporaIs
kit bag may be pair of silver chick
ems destined later to roost on his
shoulder and proclaim him . colonial.
Stranger things than that have hap
pened in wartime. But In any event,
cheer up, corporal-there are quite .
few million prtvates you outrank.
Evening star., 1942-04-27
Exeter

Many Americans are familiar with
Exeter in Devonshire and will regret
to learn of the mischief accomplished
by Nazi bombers there. An official
announcement released in Berlin
does not attempt to justify the raid
as legitimate attack upon a proper
military objective. 1t merely is
alleged that the blitz was in reprisal
for Royal Air Force assaults upon
Lubbock and Rostock, old German
towns in which memorials of cul-
ture" were reported to have been
damaged.
Certainly, the Luftwaffe's blasting
of Exeter could not be effected with
out injury to monuments of civiliza-
tion commonly esteemed of value to
all mankind The city is an open
community, undefended by fortifi-
cations, mot engaged in the produc-
tion of military supplies. Its antiqui-
ties date back to pre- Roman times.
The Danes attempted to take the
town in 1850, and William of Nor
mandy. did compel its surrender in
1868. Subsequent sieges were those
of 1467, 1897 and 1549 when the walls
were held against the Yorkists,
Perkin Warbeck and the Cornish
rebels in arms in behalf of the "old
religion" The inhabitants decided
for Parliament during the civil wars,
but they were beaten by the royalists
in 1643 and kept in comparative sub
lection until l646. William, Prince
of Orange, was welcomed when he
arrived en- route to London in 1858.
Thereafter, Exeter ceased to have
any political consequence worthy of
mention. Tourists went there to see
the cathedral, mainly Decorated
Gothic except for transeptal towers
in the bleak Norman style; the
bishops palace and chapter house;
the remains of Rougemont Castle;
the Guild Hall in the High street;
the Institution library: the university
and the ancient grammar school.
The best dinner in Britain, it was
said, could be had at the Duke Of
Clarence. Just across the lawn from
the diocesan church.
Every square foot of the country
roundabout Is precious to readers of
the books Of Eden Phillpotts, the
| Dartmoor novelist, who lives at Broad
Evening star., 1942-04-27

well as that Of the civilian popula-
tion may be said In solemn truth to
be involved In the outcome.
Perhaps 1t should be added that
both the Navy Relief Fund and the
Army Emergency Relief are quasi
official organizations. They are In
dependent, but through their per-
sonnel they are identified with the
Government. The advantage Of such
a relation Is obvious. II likewise Is
plain that something Is TO be gained
by preserving the integral character
Of both bodies.
Those who buy tickets are assured
not only of fine performance but
know that their money win aid a
worthy cause.
Evening star., 1942-04-27
HeIp for Peru

The United States and our friend
Peru have reached an agreement
for wartime economic collaboration
which puts into practice on limited
scale a scheme that was ardently
advocated here two years ago before
1t dropped out Of sight, apparently
abandoned as impractical. The
scheme called foro the United. States
itospurchase fnornathes Latin Amer-.
ican countries all their surplus COM
modities. The obvious purpose was
rtoo keep theb coalntriesa economically
sound, to prevent the Axis from buy
ing the commodities and to estab-
ish the United States as the South
ern countries foremost economic
friend. Now the United States agrees
to buy Peru's surplus cotton, for
which the customary Japanese and
British markets have disappeared,
and to buy copper, lead, zinc and
petroleum which Peru can sell no
where but here.
The agreement is valuable from
our point Of view by promising a
source OF strategic materials we
need seriously for the pursuit of the
war. For the ancient country of the
Incas, whose long Pacific coastline
faces toward the distant Asian war,
however, the agreement has far
reaching implications for a time
long after the war Is ended. BY the
agreement the United States under
takes to assist In transforming the
economic nature Of Peru. Roads will
be built into regions remote from the
world. The rich jungle land around
the source of the Amazon will be de-
veloped for the cultivation of rubber
and rotenone fiber, valuable now that
we cannot get hemp from the Philip
pines. The arid coastal strip of Peru
through tree planting will be re-
claimed and aid will be extended to
Peru for building factories for process
sing goods Peru formerly imported.
In short, 1t is an agreement that
promises to make a new country OF
Peru.
Evening star., 1942-04-27
ALEXANDRIA. va

Lear SiE
Recent mention In your column of
the cedar waxwings' appearance in and
about washington and several Of my
own observations suggest that this is.
indeed, q waxving year.
'-On Sunday. April S. during walk
south of Alexandria, my wife and I
came upon a flock Of about 10 waxwings
IN still bare tree near the Belle Haven
golf course. I did not identify the tree.
remaining about 20 feet from 1t. to avoid
frightening the birds, but there was no
fruit upon 1t and those birds that fed
did so by hawking for insects In quick.
short flights from the tree branches.
Although I am not positive, and such
authorities as have consulted indicate
the improbability of finding the Bohe-
mian waxwing in this region in spring,
several Of the birds appeared to be Of
that species They seemed longer than
most of those in the flock. of q grayish
cast, and / distinctly noted white in the
wing.
Il satisfied myself that most of the
birds were the cedar waxwing.
=
MY Birds OF America says the Bo-
hemian is 'infrequently' seen near the
Atlantic coast The Birds Of Virginia
does not mention the Bohemian.
"on Thursday, April Q, again saw q
flock of about so waxwings in a large
tree on the southwest grounds of the
Capitol. The tree, until recently un-
known 10 re. Is identified by marker
rs the 'SophoIia japonica.' The birds
we're feeding this time ON the pendant
green fruits of the tree. saw none on
this occasion that could be taken for the
Bohemian waxwing.
"An were cedar birds.
Again on Saturday, April IL, and
Tuesday, April IA, some cedar birds were
in the same tree. though the number had
decreased to about 20 birds on the llth
and I saw only 10 or so this morning.
"I should be glad to read of other OBJ
servations Of the waxwings In this area
and should welcome particularly infor-
nation whether there are authentic rec
ords of the Bohemian waxwing about
Washington.
Sincerely yours, r. A. B."
=
There Is possibility that few Bo-
hemian warnings might get down this
far South. now and then.
The Bohemian in winter sometimes
comes to Ohio. Indiana and Pennsyl-
vania, and If they get TO these States,
they might euualIy come to MARYLAND IT.
seems to US.
This waxwing Is not even mentioned
In Birds Of the Washington Region" by
May Thacher Cooke.
So we take 1t that there have been no
authentic records of it In this vicinity
1t is fact that the Bohemian wax
wing often joins bands Of cedar wax
wings.
Since this Is true, there would seem to
be no real reason why few of these
birds might not accompany the cedar
Evening star., 1942-04-27
Improvement Needed

washington's last test blackout
showed conclusively that the present
air raid communications system
must undergo marked improvement
IL 1t is to function effectively in
event OF an actual bombing attack.
As Civilian Defense Director Landis
pointed out In a letter to Commis-
sioner Young, the central clearing
house for emergency phone calls
became seriously begged down during
the peak of the test, with the result
that there was a cumulative delay
of nearly three-quarters of an hour
in clearing essential messages. Had
enemy aircraft been bombarding the
city, some of the reports OF damage
in vital sections of the Metropolitan
Area would have been so long de-
layed In reaching headquarters that
grave harm might have been done.
Mr.. Lands recommends that the
existing centralized communications
control be abandoned in favor of
decentralized system, under which
regional message centers would be
set up in strategic locations. Super
intendent Of Police Kelly already has
advanced similar proposal, with
the Endorsement of Colonel Lemuel
Bolles, executive director Of the Dis
trict Defense Council. Major Kelly's
plan calls for the establishment of
six subcenters, where sectional mes
sages would be received and acted
upon promptly. The main COM
munications center thus would be
relieved Of regional details, while
concentrating on general super
vision and coordination of COM
munications. An important advan-
tage of this plan is that 1t avoids
the general paralysis which would
result from a destructive bomb ex-
plosion at the central control Office.
Communications constitute the
very nerve center Of the whole air
raid protection service. This Is a
critical matter requiring the advice
and services Of experts. They should
be put to work on the problem with
out delay.
Evening star., 1942-04-27
Hitler StolIs

Yesterday Adolf Hitler addressed
the dummy organization known as
the Reichstag, whose chief function
1t Is TO be assembled at infrequent
intervals To serve as sounding
board for his speeches Those ad-
dresses usually mark some impor-
tant phase in his policy, foreign or
dorhestic. Since the whole world Is
tense with expectation of momentous
developments In war and diplomacy,
it was generally expected that Hitler
would have something significant to
say on those subjects.
Curiosity was doubly whetted by
the fact that, for several weeks, Ger
many has maintained a mystifying
silence. In contrast to previous
springs, there has not been even a
smoke-screen of propagandist hints
suggesting several alternative moves,
in order to confuse the other side.
Nor has the Fuehrer chosen to lift
even corner of the veil. For the
most part, his speech was a dreary
repetition of his well-known plati-
tudeS and stock phrases. Indeed,
the obedient Reichstag was regaled
with a Hitlerian Interpretation of
history going clear back to the
Roman Empire.
However, neither his immediate
audience nor his more numerous
German radio listeners could extract
any solid comfort from his words.
Hitler intimated that long war
still lay ahead, and he implied that
there would be another winter cam
paign in Russia when he tried to
reassure his hearers that the next
one would be better managed. The
entire address was pitched in a minor
key. Germany was warned that de-
feat would spell its annihilation, and
was urged to still greater sacrifices
in order to achieve victory vital
for its future yet with date carefully
unspecified.
Why, then, did the F'uehrer 60 to
all this trouble, when he emphasized
the need for his constant presence
at the front2 The answer would
seem to lie in the exigencies of do
mestic politics. Hitler asked for,
and naturally obtained promptly. "a |,
Special grant Of power enabling him
to remove any one from Office, re-
gardless of existing legislation. This
can logically mean only 4 potential,
weapon against certain high-placed
members OF the Nazi party, eSpe-
cially Hermann Goering, who is not
merely head of the air arm, but also
Hitlers legally designated successor.
Curiously enough, it was Goering
himself who read the decree giving
Hitler free hand in every respect.
Thus, the last faint restraint on
the Fuehrer's omnipotence has been
removed, and he stands forth as the
most absolute of dictators. The rea-
son behind this sction naturally will
arouse much and varied speculation.
But 1t cannot be a good sign for
either Hitler or his regime. At a
moment when the Third Reich is
girding itself for supreme effort, it
is an Ill omen for its future.
Evening star., 1942-04-27

C1yst, q few miles to the east. The
hills Just now are bright with spring
flowers. the orchards sweet with
apple blossoms. washingtonians who
know the scene have applied to 1t
the phrase employed by John Green
leaf Whittier for the neighborhood
of Frederick. Maryland-"fair as a
garden of the Lord"