davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1942-09-11

CHAPTER 0US
AN ACT to propose an amendment to
Section Is Of Article III Of the Con-
stitution of the State Of Maryland,
title Legislative Department. re-
lating to the salary Of Clerks Of
Courts and Registrars of Wills, and
providing for the submission OF sai9
amendment to the qualified voters or
the State of Maryland for adoption
or rejection.
Section 1. Be It enacted by the Gen.
eral Assembly of Maryland (three-hfths
of all the members Of each of the Two
Houses concurring), That the follow
ing amendment be and It Is hereby pro.
posed to Section 45 Of Article III OF
the Constitution of the State Of Mary
land, title Legislative Department,
the same, IL adopted by the legal and
qualified voters Of the State, as herein
provided, to become Section As of Artt-
Gle III Of the Constitution of the State
Of Maryland:
As. The General Assembly shall pro.
vide a simple and uniform system OF
charges In the Offices Of Clerks Of Courts
and Registrars of Wills, In the Counties
Of this State and the City of Baltimore,
and for the collection thereof; provided,
the amount Of compensation to any OF
the said officers In the various Counties
and in the City of Baltimore shall be
such as may be prescribed by law.
rh All the afor tor Section, hereby
proposed as an amendment to the Con-
stitution Of this State, shall. ut the
election to be held in November. l942,
be submitted to the legal and qualified
voters Of the State for their adoption
or rejection, in pursuance Of the direc-
lions contained in Article a Of the
Constitution Of the State Of Maryland.
ana at the said general election the vote
on the said proposed amendment to the
Constitution shall be by ballot, upon
each ballot there shall be printed the
words: .Eor Constitutional Amend.
ment" ana Against Constitutional
Amendment". as now provided By law.
and immediateIy after said election due
returns shall BE- made to the 0ovsrnox
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1942-09-11

Article " Of the Constitution of the
State Of Maryland. adding thereto q
new section, to be known as Section
39A, to be under new subtitle part
Iv-A-Juvenile Courts. and to follow
immediately after Section 80 OF said
Article, providing for the establish
ment Of Juvenile Courts; and to pro-
vide for the submission Of said
amendment to the qualified voters Of
the State for adoption or rejection.
Section /. Be It enacted by the Gem
OF all the members OF each Of the two
Houses concurgingl, That the following
new section, to be known as Section S9A.
Evening star., 1942-07-05
BY Bainbridge Crist.

turmoil and War-as fitted together by
the ONCE of Facts and Figures The
German radio placed the population at
483, while Czech quarters in London said
1t was nearer ZOO.
Pretext for Destruction.
The pretext for the destruction Of the
village was that the population had
assisted those responsible for the murder
of Deputy Reich Protector Heydrich,'
according to an official German state
ment on June H. Though questioned,
the inhabitants of Lidice," the state
ment continued, did not disclose their
knowledge concerning the crime. Their
connivance was further confirmed by
other hostile actions"
In their statement the day before the
Germans we're more specific in their
claims concerning "other hostile actions"
1t charged the inhabitants with the keep
ing of an GllegaD dump of arms and mu
ntions, the maintenance Of an illegal
transmitter and the possession of an
unusually large amount of controlled
goods as we'll as the fact that the locality
is active in enemy service abroad
The charge of hostile actions is ap-
parently borne out, in general at least,
by statement of Jan Masaryk, foreign
minister of the Czecho-Slovakian gov
ernment in exile, who declared that
"Lidice was merely one of the thousands
OF anonymous and silent villages In
Czecho-S -Slovakia and in Europe which
were stubbornly resisting Nazi tyranny.
It was like many an American village.
It's people fought for freedom
Name Will Live in History.
Although the Nazis sought to ex-
tinguish the name of Lidice. the village,
almost unknown outside of its country
few weeks ago, gained place in history
overnight The town of Berlin, Md,
seriously considered changing its name
to that of the Czech village, one of the
proponents of the change arguing that
it would mot only do honor to a
little Maryland city the plaudits of
people at home and abroad" The Czech
name was not adopted, however.
BY June u German statements them
selves indicated that 326 Czechs, not
including the men of Lidice, were exc
cuted "in connection with the killing Of
Heydrich." Later dispatches Of the
Associated Press from London, however,
say that reports reaching Czech sources
there place the toll at 800. Allied gov
ernment estimates of executions since
the German occupation of Czecho-
Evening star., 1942-07-05
Czech Hostages Killed.

Data gathered by the Inter-Allied In
formation Committee in London indi-
Gates that a number of prominent Czechs
have been arrested as hostages and killed
when the Nazi became aware of growing
underground activities and acts of sabo-
tage.
For example" the report declares,
"on September g. when s. S. Obergrup-
pen Fuehrer Heydrich proclaimed mar
tial law in various parts of the pro-
tectorate,' the Prague radio announced
the execution for high treason Of six
Czechs, two of whom were generals in
the former Czecho -Slovak Army. Most
of the six had been in prison for nearly
two years when the sentences were car
ried out, but 1t was not until two days
afterward that Heydrich changed the
official version and ordered newspapers
to explain that the men had not been
killed for recent crimes, but for old con-
spiracies, the full facts OF which had
only just come to light"
approximately two weeks after the de-
struction of Lidice, announcement was
made of a similar fate Of the farming
village OF Lezaky, of about 100 popula-
ton, located some 10 miles southeast Of
Prague. Here again 1t was reported that
the men had been killed and the women
and children taken away to concentra-
ton camps and state schools.
Evening star., 1942-07-05

A few weeks ago there was peace
full mining village mile off the main
highway from Prague to Kladno. Among
the some 100 cottages of the town, above
which lowered the graceful spires of an
old church built in 1876, were few old
inns, blacksmith, wheelmaker and shoe
makers shops, and several stores.
On a June evening" almost month
ago, the inhabitants were settling down
for the night, for there was a curfew,
which meant that no man, woman or
child dared to be out after dark for fear
of being shot. And all was not quiet in
Czecho- -Slovakia. On May 81 Gen. Hey
drich. Deputy Reich Protector for Bo-
hemia and Moravia, known as the
"Hangman," was shot as he was driving
in his car through a suburb of Prague.
This was signal for martial law, fol-
lowed by stepping up of reprisals
after Heydrich died on June 4.
Suddenly the still of the night in the
little village was broken by the sound
of Nazi soldiers.
World Was Shocked.
Even world accustomed to reports
OF Nazi brutality over a period of years
was shocked when, on June 10, an off,
cial German statement declared:
Because the inhabitants, by their
support of the perpetrators (of the
murder of Gen. Heydrich) have
flagrantly violated the law all men of
the village have been shot. The women
have been deported to a concentration
camp and the children sent to appro
pirate centers of education All build
ings of the village were levelled to the
ground and the name of the village i'm
mediately abolished
The soldiers invaded the cottages, took
out the men over II years of age, herded
them together and shot them-about
200. Then the Nazis separated the
women and the children, sending the
women to concentration camps and the
children to educational centers in Ger
many.
But the soldiers did not stop there,
though the town was empty and in
ashes. The name of the village was
erased from all local municipal records,
as were the records of births, deaths,
marriages and tithes. The cattle were
rounded up and driven to the farms OF
neighboring Germans.
That, in brief. is the story of Lidice,
small Czecho-Slovak village. 1t is the
tragic story-One of the many tragic
stories to come from the past decade OF
Evening star., 1942-07-05
Ideal Setting for Camoudage Tests

they break down in weather and wind,
feed the lake with the material which
still blows out on the other side as the
sugary alabaster sand.
All around the edges of the dunes.
desert plants wage mighty battle for
existence. AS the dunes creep over
them, these plants seek to grow higher
and higher. changing their buried stems
into roots, and keeping their tops above
the white floods.
Sixty-three species of plants have
adapted themselves to this battle. Most
of them succumb after the desert has
rolled mile or two past them. But
two-rabbit bush and yucca-occasionally
stand Z miles of the flow. These two
keep their tops above 50-foot dunes now
and then.
Evening star., 1942-07-05

If you want box lunch In this desert
1t isn't like the seashore, where sand
grits in the teeth. In fact if you tire of
the lunch, you can reach down and pick
up pinch of the alabaster and find it
quite palatable. 1t has a slightly salty
favor and breaks down so easily in the
moisture of the mouth that its presence
in food isn't noticed.
The sports are skiing, sliding on sand
which doesn't stain or discolor clothing,
riding in autos whose drivers know how
to zoom over the leedward sides of the
dunes, tramping-but mostly looking at
breath-taking picture of colors In whites
and blue or lavender shadows, and a
ground which gets opalescent in sunrise
and sunset.
Evening star., 1942-07-05
Army of Poland Fights on in Exile
Wide World Photo.

doctor who marched 40 days with lot
Polish soldiers all the way across Russia
from Nova zemla" the icy Russian land
north of the Arctic Circle.
In his group, he said, 42 of the men
suffered from scurvy 10 had skin
diseases, chronic dyspepsia swollen
livers or rheumatic fever. Most of them
were bald, all were clad in rags.
But they recovered quickly. he said
for service.
Sturdy Warriors.
THE remainder are now like veterans,
swearing like Napoleon's Old Guard the
doctor declared LAS a doctor I never
could have believed that our pathetic
caravan Of tramps would become COM
pany of sturdy warriors
The Carpathian brigade, now in North
Africa, was in Syria at the time of the
French collapse. The Polish commander
decided to move the brigade to Palestine,
but the French general in charge de-
manded that the Poles surrender. Finally,
however, the Frenchman yielded
In Palestine the brigade rapidly grew
in numbers and in September, 1941, was
transferred to Tobruk, where the Poles
fought in the front lines of last winters
British offensive.
German prisoners, who thought the
Polish Army had been destroyed two
years before, must have been startled
when they found themselves fighting
Poles again in the African desert, just
as German sailors must have wondered
a year earlier at Narvik what the Poles
were doing there.
Evening star., 1942-07-05

on British soil. At noon, June 13, he saw
Prime Minister Churchill. He told the
Prime Minister that the Polish army in
France was determined not to surrender.
Tomorrow I return to France" the
general said, "and l have to face my
army What am I to tell them?"
Tell them" replied Churchill, that
we are their comrades in life and death.
We shall conquer together or we shall
die together"
AT 3 o'clock that same afternoon British
ships were speeding across the Channel
to various French ports. -Four hours
later the first Polish troops were disem-
barking on the other side of the Channel,
to form new Polish army in England.
Fighting in Russia.
The Polish Army in Russia was created
under no less dramatic conditions. Dur
ing the campaign OF 1889 the Russians
had captured 100000 Polish prisoners.
Following the Polish Russian agreement
OF July 30, 1941, they were released.
The news spread rapidly to the hun
dreds of Polish camps throughout the
vast Russian expanses in Europe and
Asia. Immediately thousands OF men set
out westward toward the Polish recruit
ing centers.
Two years of hardship under severe
climatic conditions, privation and lack
of proper medical attention had impaired
the health of many of these men. Never
theless, every man who was physically
able to do so started on the long, tedious
journey. Many travelled hundreds OF
miles on foot.
A typical story is told by Polish
Evening star., 1942-07-05
Bv Max HARRISON,
Wide World.

The Polish government in exile has
built from its defeated army OF 1889 the
most powerful fighting force of any oc-
cupied country, a new army OF 100000
seasoned, stubborn fighters who already
have seen action on many fronts.
Today this army, equipped with the
best and most modern weapons at the
disposal of the United Nations, still is
expanding at training centers in Britain,
Russia, Africa and the Middle East.
Gen. Wladyslaw Sikorski's government
has two fully equipped motorized divi-
sions in Great Britain, with total OF
10000 men,
In North Africa there is another Pol
ish division which distinguished itself
in front-line fighting during the long
siege of Tobruk.
On Many Fronts.
Three other divisions recently crossed
the Russian frontier into Iran and are
now somewhere in the Middle East,
bringing the number in the Mediter-
ranean area to 10000
An additional $4,000 men are being
organized in Russia and are waiting for
equipment.
Poland also has an air force of some
$4,000 men, fighting with the Royal Air
Force, and small but modern navy con-
sisting of destroyers and submarines, a
merchant marine and auxiliary forces.
And despite Nazi sneers at the gov
ernments In exile. this army already Is
paying Germany back for the ruthless
Evening star., 1942-07-05
Bv Howard w. Blakeslee,
" NAA& ~ W AsAA~"
Wide World.

LAS CRUCES, N. Mex.-The huge
desert of alabaster, white sands national
monument, Is the last place on earth to
possess apparent military value. But
potentially it does.
It's aspect is purest peace-eoo square
miles of snow white dunes, every grain
q bit of alabaster. Even Its record is
matchless It is the only great play
ground where no one, not even little
child, has ever been lost.
But In that record Is the war potential.
The alabaster desert is the sort OF place
where 1t Is hardest to conceal human.
or any of his works. The sands are ideal
for a round practice ground to
work out problems OF war camouflage in
winter SHOWS.
Suited for Ski Problems.
1t Is even suited for ski problems,
since one OF its sports is skiing down
the slopes OF 5o-foot dunes.
There Is no other place like 1t in the
world. There are two small spots else
where in the United States with few
alabaster dunes.
In camouiage nature already has
done some jobs which have attracted
world wide attention OF scientists to the
white sands, northeast of Las Cruces.
There are desert pocket mice, whose
normal color is tawny brown, but in the
sands pure white.
There are white crickets, white liz
ards and light-colored insects.
All are object lessons Of the war for
existence. The light survived
best in each race, until the white races
emerged from the winnowing process
Sands of Alabaster.
The alabaster sands are a creation OF
nature which still is visibly going on.
They lie in Tularosa Valley, between
parallel north-south mountain ranges,
the San Andres to the west, the Sacra-
mentos to the east
Millions of years ago, say geologSts
the valley floor was as high as the noun
LAlIlS. n uukc bdt pioSh poA'f'
q basin between the mountains, WITH no
outlet for water. A lake formed no"
named Lucero.
The climate changed. Today Lucero
dries to a crust in summer. The dry
winds blow from the southwest. And
this is both the setting and the mecha-
nism for the unique desert.
Below the lake bed is a foundation o1
gypsum. the mother stuff Of alabaster
Through the cons dissolved gypvtn ha.
Evening star., 1942-07-05
BY Gladwin Hill,
Wide World.

back of town, they founded Atterdag
College, to teach a special curriculum
embracing history, English, physiology,
anatomy and folk-dancing. The school
aimed to fit people who did not have
urban opportunities for Americanization
for adapting themselves to life in new
land.
In the subject of history, the private
school teacher explained to me, the
Danes, having been a small nation often
put upon by big ones, like to emphasize
national mistakes-so that future gener-
ations may profit by them-instead OF
glorifying their past.
In physical education the emphasis Is
away from games like baseball, which
are held to develop some muscles at the
expense of others, and more on calls
themes that aim at well-rounded phys
ical development.
Great store is put by folk dancing be-
cause, old-school Danes believe, dancing
is an expression of mans inner self
(heaven help jitterbugs).
Old Regime Passing.
But time and the fates gradually are
loosening Solvang's grip on the old re-
gime.
For 10 years there was a typically
Scandinavian cooperative non-profit
general store, but it eventually failed be-
cause It's members came to expect Amer
lean results from it,
Then end came in 1929: The members
wanted the inventory expanded to the
extent of large-scale American stores,
expected per cent dividends, and in"
sisted on sharing, In American corpora
tion style, supposed profits actually lied
up in merchandise, necessitating liqui-
dation. Now modern, privately
stores supply the community.
With the decline In immigration. At
terdag Colleges student body fell OF,
and In 1885 It closed,
Now solvans's contacts with the old
Evening star., 1942-07-05
War Changes Little Denmark


SOLVANG. Canf.-The tall. sober
faced village parson whom everybody
addressed as reverend leaned against
the desk in the little post office, thrust
his hands determinedly into the pockets
of his worn business suit, and between
little puffs on his cigar stub observed,
with traces of foreign accent, that In
some ways it was too bad that Cali
fornia school regulations precluded the
curriculum of the old country. -.
And few minutes later the 1.-THE little
private school teacher, coming in to
buy stamp, spoke OF athletics and said
baseball was a fine game-but 1t didn't
develop the body like the exercises OF tho
old country. ...
This community's name Is Danish for
Sunny Meadow" Here, on land once
ruled by the Spanish grandees and in
sight of the 13s-year- -old mission Santa
Ines built by the padres, is tightly knit
little community OF Danes.
The houses have the severely plain
woodenness of Scandinavia. Signs bear
Danish names: Nielsen and Petersen's
General Store, Iversen and Nelson's
Mems Furnishing, Knudsen's Cafe. Peter
sens Bakery.
An American Denmark.
Waiting about the center is the aroma
of fresh Danish pastry.
The people have the keen-eyed, tight
mouth soberness implanted through
generations Of almost religious concen-
tration on making an honest. modest
living.
1t would be the pat thing to say that
Sovang was a little bit Of Denmark
transplanted to the United States, but
that would be flight of fancy.
The school where Solvang's tow
headed children froic has European
stork weathervane, and the Lutheran
church, ANONYMOUSLY surrounded by
palm trees, Is characteristicauy old
country, with a beautifully carved
wooden altar rail and pulpit, originally
designed in Minnesota for a church
gregation, in the Danish maritime tradi-
ton, is a beautiful little model sailing
ship.
Nearly All American Citizens.
But most of Solvang's buildings are
American While most of the COM
munity's 500 souls are Danish born or Of
immediate Danish extraction, virtually
all now are American citizens.
Danish is spoken less than English,
and the inhabitants seldom wear the
colorful Danish costumes except on
celebratory occasions
Yet below the surface, evidenced in
things like the parsons and teachers
polite depreciation of American educa-
ton and athletics, Salvang has clung
tenaciously to its Danish individuality.
Solvang was settled in 1911 by Danish
immigrants from Middle Western
centers like Minneapolis who wanted a
place where they could preserve un-
bothered their life and cultural tradi-
tions education, religion, athletics,
dances.
A group came out like pioneers bought
open land and settled down to a life of
farming. crafts and perpetuation of
their old customs.
Has Its Own College.
Every year on the last Monday before
Lent they would have the Fastelavens
fest, when the children bounced out OF
bed early in the moraing and smote each
other with punches of twigs. and later
every one participated in ancient Scandi-
pavian sports like knocking out barrel
heads and ring riding" "-spearing sus.
pended loops from horseback.
In 1914. In big white house On hi1
Evening star., 1942-07-05
Wide World PAsoo.

country have been virtually cut on. This
German invasion of Denmark was keenly
felt because most of the Solvangers have
immediate relatives there, and several
citizens were visiting in Denmark when
the blow fell.
Only infrequently does letter get
through. The ones that do have oni-
nous undertones. They heard not long
ago that bread in Denmark was selling
at 50 loaf; that one family buying a
pair of shoes for their daughter, had to
pay so crowns.
The Solvangers knew the girl in ques-
ton was only years old-$15 for q pair
of child's shoes.
The letters are quite cheerful but the
phrase keeps cropping up. I'VE had Wis
itors yesterday . -" which they know
means that German soldiers called and
appropriated food supplies.
War Activities.
But If Solvang's tie with the old coun-
try is loosening, its ties with the United
States are as strong as any American
communitys.
The Fastelavens fest was omitted this
year, and the annual Danish days"
celebration is in doubt, because people
are too busy with war activities-Red
Cross, first-aid classes, civilian defense
work, air raid spotting. Solvang has its
contingent Of men and boys in the Santa
Ynez Valley guerrilla warfare corps.
The town has felt the national drain
on manpower and woman power. Eight
families that used to have maids" Post
master Arne Madsen says with consid-
erable amazement in his voice. ARE do
ing their own work now-the girls are go
ing away to the war factories"
Out of the community Of 500. 10 boys
have gone of to war-32 in the army.
seven in the navy, one In the marines.
Most Of them. the solvansers note With
pride, enlisted.
Evening star., 1942-07-05

invasion of Poland and the oppression
which its people have suffered since 1899.
RAF bombers, manned by Polish crews
have made 2,734 raids on enemy obiec-
tives and have participated in the devas-
tating attacks on Cologne, Essen, Dort-
mcnd and Rostock while Polish fighter
pilots in England have 500 German
planes to their credit. The Polish de-
stroyer Piorun was the first Allied vessel
to engage the Inflated battleship Bis
marck.
The story of how Gen Sikorski built
his new army is one of sacrifice and de-
termination, of stubborn soldiers who
faced Is panzer divisions and 1000 fight
ers in Poland, went through the hell OF
Dunkerque or a Siberian prison camp,
and then were willing to take up arms
again against the enemy.
After the defeat of 1899, tens of thou
sands OF Polish soldiers made their way
across the strictly guarded borders to
join the new Polish army created by
Gen. Sikorski in France. When Hitler
finished his bloody campaign in Poland,
he faced 100000 Polish soldiers in France.
Gen. Sikorski's Heroism.
Following the French collapse in 1940
this new Polish army again faced dis
aster. Gen. Skorski was asked to fly to
England. He agreed on condition that
the bomber should return with him to
France the next day.
MY place is with my army he said.
II cannot leave France until the troops
are saved"
AS night fell. after hazardous journey
over Northern France, the general landed