davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1942-01-07

COIltTdCIS are Ol dIdIlOulG I'LL
portance for making the fullest use
of our resources. The newly ma
tionalized Employment Service will
greatly help unemployed workers in
obtaining employment.
Aids to yOuth-Under war condi-
tions there is need and opportunity
for youth to serve in many ways. It
is therefore possible to make con-
siderable reduction in the programs
of the Civilian Conservation Corps
and the National Youth Administra-
ton. The youth. too will be aided
by the United States Employment
Service in finding employment op-
portunities.
Although I am estimating 100
million dollars for these two
agencies, excluding so million dol
lars for defense training. it is prob
able that the total amount will not
be needed. I am postponing until
next spring presentation to the Con-
gress of specific recommendations
as to youth aid.
Public Works Program.
To Be Adjusted to War Effort.
Public ,Dorks progran,-The pub
lie works program is being fully ad.
justed to the war effort The gen.
eral program of 578 million dollars
includes those projects necessary
for increasing production Of hydro
electric power, for flood control, and
for river and harbor work. related
to military needs. Federal aid for
highways will be expended only for
construction essential for strategic
purposes. Other highway projects
will be deferred until the postwar
period. For all other Federal con-
Evening star., 1942-01-07
War Effort Transition
Cited by Roosevelt

Transition of civil departments
and agencies Of the Federal Gov
ernment from their normal occupa-
tons of peacetime to new occupa-
tions of wartime was duly noted in
the 1943 budget message sent to
the Congress by President Roosevelt
today.
"The work of the civil depart
ments and agencies is undergoing
thorough reorientation," the Chief
Executive said. Established agen-
cies will be used to the greatest pos
sible extent for defense services.
Many agencies have already made
such readjustment. All civil activi-
ties of the Government are being
focused on the war program"
In the portion of his message re-
ferEing to savings proposed for the
non-war agencies, the President en-
phasized, however, that 1T is part
of our war effort to maintain civilian
services which are essential to the
basic needs of human life.
I'VE must continue to think Of
the good of future generations Of
Americans. For example. we must
maintain fire protection in our for
ests; and We must maintain control
over destructive floods.
I'm the preparation of the present
budget, expenditures not directly
related to the war have been re-
duced to a minimum or reoriented
to the war program"
AS examples of agencies which are
turning much OF their energies TO
efforts related to the war, it was
pointed out in President Roosevelt,s
special press conference yesterday
the Tariff Commission and the
Bureau of Foreign and Domestic
Commerce in the Commerce Depart
ment are devoting much Of their
time to measures Of economic war.
fare, while the Federal Power Com.
mission is working on defense power
problems.
Evening star., 1942-01-07

, of business In corporate income tax
alton should be re-eXamined.
1t seems right and Just that no
| further taX-exempt bonds should be
| issued. We no longer issue United
States tax-exempt bonds and it is
my personal belief that the income
| from State, municipal, and authority
| bonds is taxable under the income
! tax amendment to the Constitution.
AS a matter Of equity recommend
legislation to tax all future issues Of
this character.
| Excessive profits undermine unity
and should be recaptured. The fact
that corporation had large profits
before the defense program started
is no reason to exempt them now.
Unreasonable profits are not neces-
sary to obtain maximum production
and economical management. Under
war conditions the country cannot
tolerate undue profits.
Our tax laws contain various tech
nical inequities and determinations.
| With taxes at wartime levels. it is
more urgent than ever to eliminate
these defects in our tax system.
Time Has Come for Taxes
To Combat Imitation.
I stated last year in the budget
message that extraordinary tax
measures may be needed to laid in
avoiding inf1ationary price rises
which may occur when full capacity
is approached" The time for such
measures has come. A we'll balanced
tax program must include measures
which combat imitation. Such meas
ures should absorb some of the
additional purchasing power of con-
sumers and some of the additional
funds which accrue to business from
increased consumer spending.
A number of tax measures have
been suggested for that purpose,
such as income taxes collected at
the source, payroll taxes, and excise
| taxes. I urge the Congress to give
all these proposals careful con-
sideration. Any tax is better than an
uncontrolled price rise.
Taxes of an nti-inf1ationary
| character at excessive rates spell
hardship in individual cases and
may have undesirable economic
repercussions. These can be miti-
gated by timely adoption of variety
of measures, each involving a mod
crate rate of taxation.
Any such tax should be considered
an emergency measure. 1t may help
combat imitation: It's repeal In q
postwar period may help restore
an increased flow Of consumers pur-
chasing power. -
Excise tares-All through the
years of the depression I opposed
general excise and sales taxes and I
am as convinced as ever that they
have no permanent place in the
Federal tax system. In the face Of
the present financial and economic
| situation. however, We may later be
Evening star., 1942-01-07

In estimating expenditures and
receipts, only a moderate rise in
prices has been assumed. Since eX-
penditures are affected by rising
prices more rapidly than are reve-
nues. a greater price increase would
further increase the deficit.
Need for Additional Taxes
Is Re-emphasized.
In view OF the tremendous deficits
I re-emphasize my request of last
year that war expenditures be
financed as far as possible by taxa
ton.
When so many Americans are con-
tributing all their enegies and even
their lives to the Nations great task.
I am confident that all Americans
will be proud to contribute their
utmost in taxes. Until this Job is
done, until this war is won, We will
not talk of burdens.
l believe that $1,000, 100000 in ad-
ditional taxes should be collected
during the fiscal year 1943. Under
new legislation proposed later in
this message social security trust
funds will increase by $4,000, 900, 900.
Thus new means of financing would
provide a total of $1,000 5000 in
the fiscal year 1943.
Specific proposals to accomplish
this end will be transmitted in the
near future In this message shall
limit my recommendations on war
finance to the broad outline of a
program.
Tax programs too often follow the
line of least resistance. The present
task definitely requires enactment
of a well-balanced program which
takes account of revenue require
ments, equity and economic necessi-
ties.
There are those who suggest that
the policy of progressive taxation
should be abandoned for the dura-
tion of the war because these taxes
do not curtail consumers demand.
The emergency does require meas
ures of a restrictive nature which
impose sacrifices on all of us. But
most compelling argument for max
such sacrifices are themselves the
ederal receipts compared 1Uith fiscal
Evening star., 1942-01-07

direct price controls. a flexible tax
policy, ALLEGATIONS, rationing, and
credit controls, together with pro-
ducers' and consumers cooperation
Will enable us to finance the war
effort without danger of initiation.
This is difficult task. But it must
be done and it can be done.
ITO Billion Federal Debt
Expected by 1943.
On the basis of tentative budget
estimates. including new taxes. the
Federal debt will increase from 43
billion dollars in June, 1910. when the
defense program began, to ITO billion
dollars three years later. This in
crease in Federal Indebtedness COW
ers also the future capital demands
OF Government corporations. About
2 billion dollars of this increase will
result from the redemption of notes
of Government corporations guar
anteed by the Federal Government.
These debt levels require an in
crease in the annual interest from
l billion dollars in 1910 to above 25
billion dollars at the end of fiscal
year 1943. Such an increase in inter-
est requirements will prevent us for
some time after the war from lower
ing taxes to the extent otherwise
possible. The import of this fact
will depend greatly ON economic
conditions in the postwar period.
Paying 25 billion dollars out of an
extremely low national income would
impose an excessive burden on tax
payers while the same payment out
of a 100 billion dollars national in
come, after reduction of armament
expenditures, may still permit sub
stantial tax reductions in the post
war period.
If we contract a heavy debt at
relatively high prices and must pay
service charges in a period of de-
f1ated prices, we shall be forced to
impose excessive taxes. Our capac-
ity to carry q large debt In q post
war period without undue hardship
depends mainly on our ability to
maintain a high level of employ
ment and income.
I am confident that by prompt
action We shall control the price
development now and that we shall
prevent the recurrence Of deep
depression in the postwar period.
There need be no fiscal barriers to
our war effort and to victory.
Evening star., 1942-01-07
QndeXes, 1910 equals 1907

Development OF major sources of Federal receip
ne1r 1910
Evening star., 1942-01-07

Deficits Under Present Laws
Must Be Tentative.
The estimate OF deficits must be
tentative and subject to later re-
vision. The probable net outlay Of
Evening star., 1942-01-07

ing progressive taxes more effective.
The anti-inf1ationary aspect of tax
alton should supplement, not sup
plant, its revenue and equity aspects.
Progressive taxes are the backbone
Evening star., 1942-01-07


poraon excluding from
will be 09 billion perecing gift
dollars fiscal
billion dollars
high
billion dollars
lowered
legged treatment
Financing OF Federal operations, fiscal years 194o1943.
Classification s % .s;- ma? n;a Ss' .9ta.b 9a c.aaD aa.H
A. . Summary Federal Operations
/. Budget deficit under present tax
legislation p. 44Os s1S63s 51O34 s36111
Government corporations
lays -------l--------------- POOL
eminent corporations ss1s .2o851s ss222 ss81l2
III Trust funds:
o receipts
disbursements
legislation
require
mens U+II-IIIs
Financing combined
quements:
borrowing public
net: s34el31 sle52sl s138o4
+l2978 T7l01 9728 1887
Government corporation issues--
total 6153 s188180 S55751 81 169S l
Under proposed legislation
in social security
1undSI 2OOOO
------------------
Adjustment for changes in cash
balances during 26 l55 1902 9528
Total financing . s426179 s1S8335 1860 s265l 9
return o. .
Include Interest," accrue onU bonds ~
Evening star., 1942-01-07
New Tax Proposals
Would Ruise Added
s., 600, ,0N, 900

The tert OF the Presidents
budget message to Congress to-
day tollo,Ds::
Evening star., 1942-01-07

OF %
s
on U
o be n
Imperial Valley press., 1942-04-29
arm
Bloc
Bud9es
Senators Sound
Our Sentiment
On Price Fixing

WASHINGTON, April 20.
(UP)-The senate farm bloc
today decided to call a con-
ference here to sound out
the sentiment of farmers on
President Roosevelt's agricultural
price policy.
c., of the senate agriculture COM
mittee, authorized Sen. Elmer
Thomas, D., Okla, to arrange a
conference with various farm Or
CARNATIONS. Thomas said the meet
ings would start within very few
days"
THE secretary of agriculture says
that the American farmers are be-
hind the administration policy,
Thomas said. 1--WE want to find out
whether that is true"
He was referring to statement
issued by Secretary of Agriculture
Claude Wickard yesterday.
Thomas said senate farm repre-
sentatives expect an attempt will
be made by administration forces
to amend the price control act in
accordance with the Presidents rec
concentrations for a price ceiling
on farm products not to exceed 100
per cent of parity.
Smith revealed he plans to intro
duce a bill requesting one-year
extension of commodity credit loans
on cotton, wheat and corn which
will mature this spring. Unless this
extension is granted, he said, many
farmers will find their crops con-
fiscal ted"
The senate farm bloc has repeat
eddy expressed fears that stocks
owned outright by the Commodity
Credit corporation may be used to
depress farm prices.
Imperial Valley press., 1942-04-29
Pegged Prices to
Remain in Effect
Until End of War
Ceilings Designed to
Stabilize Living Cost
For American Public

WASHINGTON, April 20.
/ (UP)-The new overall price
ceilings are designed to stab
ilize the cost Of living at one
and one-half per cent below
the present level and keep it there
for the duration of the war, govern
ment officials said today.
The drop will be accomplished
through price ceilings placed on
rents, services to goods, and millions
of articles of food, clothing, house,
hold goods, and fuel and ice.
Price Administrator Leon Hender-
son issued the price orders last night
as the first step in President RoOse-
veltS design for war living-a pro-
gram that has no counterpart in
American history.
THE blunt fact is that every sim
gle person in the United States is
going to be affected by this pro-
gram" Mr.. Roosevelt told the ma
ton last night.
Sterilization of the cost Of living
is designed to compensate for the
pay raises which the President has
asked Americans to forego.
From this point on for the dura-
ton of the war, the ceiling will
go no higher Henderson said.
But there is nothing in the order
to prevent sellers from lowering
their prices. However, the price
structure is expected to be stabilized
at the ceiling price. Past experience
has been that ceiling prices become
minimum prices.
TREND FORESEEN
The order also allows different
prices for the same item in differ
ent stores. But the trend will be
toward the same price.
Competition may well iron out
many of the different prices over
a period of time" the office OF
price administration said.
Of most vital interest to the aver
age consumer was the order prohib-
iting the price of any commodity in
a given store to rise above the high
est price charged by that store in
March. Those ceilings become effec-
tive May 10.
Exempted were such food articles
as fresh vegetables, fish and fruit,
Continued on Page s. Col 81
Imperial Valley press., 1942-04-29
Associated &C.
Meets THURSDAY

The monthly meeting of the As
ISOLATED chambers of commerce at
Imperial's Veterans hall Thursday
night is expected TO attract large
attendance of members and their
wives, George Parr program chair
man, said Wednesday.
Guest speaker will be Arthur
Hoffman,, president of Imperial VAL
ley Rice Growers cooperative. Hoff-
mann is expected to give some in
teresting details on how thousands
OF acres of submarginal valley land
are being reclaimed for rice pro-
duction.
The Imperial meeting will be the
first to be held on Thursday. Reg
ular meeting night of the group is
the last Friday in the month. Vet
Grams hall, however, could not be
obtained on Friday night, so the
meeting was moved up to Thurs
day.
Imperial Valley press., 1942-04-29
Don't Shut Off
Power in BIackout

Warning that electrical power
must not be shut off at it's source
during blackout or enemy attack,
was sounded Wednesday by Super
visor Hugh T. Osborne, chairman
of the Imperial county council of
defense.
He was advised by Gov. gilbert
L. Olson, chairman of the state de-
Tense council, that a continuous
supply of electrical power is neces-
sary to permit hospitals and nee
essary military installations to OPP
crate. All lights visible out of doors.
however must be out. The arbi-
trary shutting off of electric power
must be discouraged, Osborne was
informed.
Imperial Valley press., 1942-04-29
Defense Control
Center PI tanned

Imperial county defense council
members worked Wednesday on de-
tails of a county control center to
be established in the court house in
Ell Centre as clearing house in
event of an air raid or other dis
aSter
All phases of defense in the coun-
ty will center in this office and
the communication facilities will be
set up so the various branches OF
defense work may be coordinated
satisfactorily.
Final arrangements for this con-
troll center will be worked out at
meeting of the Imperial County
Council of Defense in the court
house at 7:30 pm. Thursday.
Imperial Valley press., 1942-04-29

ny uTlVlIlS rain dllu pclllllB HILL, d
tornado roared in from the north
east.
Thirty minutes later at least nine
persons were dead, hundreds of
small homes were wrecked, at least
40 buildings demolished.
During the night rs persons were
treated for injuries-39 of them
we're hurt seriously.
All this less than % hours after
another devastating wind had whip
ped through the defense-boom town
of Pryor, several hundred miles
northeast in Oklahoma.
In that town the death toll still
was not definitely known, but Okla
homa Safety Commissioner Walter
Johnson said 1875 persns had been
killed, and that the toll probably
would be higher"
Damage at Pryor was estimated
at $2.000,000 and expected to mount.
Damage at Crowell as yet had not
been estimated-the residents were
still too shocked, the turmoil still
was too great.
Residents throughout the south
west waited-anxiously-for the next
reports of killing winds.
Imperial Valley press., 1942-04-29
Shift in Contract
Methods Approved

WASHINGTON, April % CUP)-
President Roosevelt today signed
the $l9COO,OOO sixth supplemental
war appropriation which carried
provision authorizing the govern
ment TO renegotiate arms contracts
that yield exorbitants profits.
The renegotiation clause, the
bills managers told the house and
senate, will give statutory recog-
milton to the renegot'ation system
now operated by the war and navy
departments.
Appropriations Chairman Clar-
ence, Cannon, D.. Mo-, told the
house however, that the law will
not authorize the government to
lower the price of an arms con-
tract without the consent of the
contractor.
Imperial Valley press., 1942-04-29

plates of varying sizes. The smaller
size will accommodate child up to
so pounds, while the medium and
large sizes will fit persons weigh
ing up ITO 300 pounds.
An interesting feature of the
larger size is that it can be used
as an incubator for newly born
babies. The child's entire body may
be enclosed in it.
The ei.tire apparatus weighs but
40 pounds, compared with over 600
pounds for the old 'b0iler type"
respirator. It's success was demon
stiated conclusively last August in
Tacoma, Wash. during an epidemic
of infantile paralysis there. At that
time, the pee wee lung was credited
with saving number of lives, and
paralysis specialists hailed the in
ventor, DR.. F.. H. Terharr of Los
Continued on Page 8; Column q
Imperial Valley press., 1942-04-29

Greek Guerilla
Army in Revolt

LONDON, April 29 tUP) -
A Greek guerilla army of 5000
men was reported by Greek ref
ugee government officials to be
battling Axis troops along the
Bulgarian frontier in eastern
Macedonia.
Like the 100000 to 10000
guerillas of Gen. Draja Mix
hailovitch in neighboring JugO-
slavia, the Greek army of re-
volt was said to be destroying
German communications, out
posts and supply trains in spec
tacular attacks from mountain
lairs.
The Greek government in ex-
lie said that the new army was
modified secretly in the prov
inces of Sores and Drava four
weeks ago. Several hundred
German soldiers already have
been killed in its attacks, ac-
cording to information reach
ing London.
The guerillas are led by for
mer Greek army officers.
Imperial Valley press., 1942-04-29

llc ulICIlSlllcQ dCIldl llSIltlllS AL
which American air power is playing
an increasingly important role was
followed, perhaps significantly, by
renewed warnings of the danger of
a Japanese invasion of Australia
and by persistent reports and ru-
mors of trouble and unrest in Axis
Europe.
Swedish newspapers from Germany
appeared to have been given unusual
freedom to report that the Baltic
port of Rostock and Leubeck had
suffered tremendous damage and
probably 500 dead as result of
British aerial attacks.
This, in part at least, was in line
with the Nazi propaganda broad
casts describing Rostock as cul-
tural center rather than vital
port for the eastern front and a
great airplane works. But in addi-
ton there was a steady stream of
neutral reports regarding morale
and military conditions inside the
Axis.
ONnCS1 0nOW1NU
These reports, by way of London,
Stockholm, Berne and IStanbul,
have told in the last few days of
shortage of materials, WORKOUT fac
tories, war-weary populations and
unrest. A large part of the reports
have been accepted by responsible
Allied sources and are in line with
President Roosevelt's speech sug-
costing that Germany and Italy
were beginning to crack from with
in.
To certain extent, however, the
Axis appeared to be encouraging
or permitting circulation of the idea
that conditions were critical to at
tempt to lessen the American effort
at the most decisive stage OF the
war.
Reports quoting unnamed sources
in Switzerland we're widely circulat-
ed on Monday in South America to
the effect that King Victor EN-
manuel, who has gone quietly along
with the Axis for years, suddenly
was going to dismiss Premier Benz
to Mussolini because Hitler's last
speech to the Reichstag indicated
weakness or doubt.
RUMOR CIRCUIT
BY Wednesday morning the re-
ports had been cabled back to Lon
don and were published there after
having made the circuit from Swift
Continued on Page 8; Column p
Imperial Valley press., 1942-04-29

ness when he made the presenta-
ton in an inconSpicious ceremony
at Ell Centros central fire station.
The lung, known in medical cir
Giles as the Terharr Respirator, was
placed in charge of Fire Chief Corn
Reed, for use without charge any
where in the VALLEY, at any hour of
the day or night.
It was purchased by the Team
sters union and donated to all the
people of the valley as a contri-
button toward better protection of
the public health, Magness said
The lung, which can be operated
either electrically or by a hand
pump, is compact. highly develop
ed device that can be moved quick
ly and easily to meet any emer-
gency where artificial respiration
is required.
1t is equipped with three chest
Imperial Valley press., 1942-04-29
Reds Massing for
Campaign to Slash
Across Nazi Flank
Russians, Germans in
Preparations for Big
Battles This Spring

LONDON, April 20. (UP)
Reports from Bucharest
said today strong Red army
reserves are massing for an
assault on the city of Kursk,
285 miles south of Moscow, in an
effort to open up the entire north
ern flank of Germans drive into
the Ukraine.
The reports from Rumania, Ger
many's Balkan satellite, said large
Russian forces had reached the
Usossna river and that another
column was preparing to cross the
Seim river just south of Kursk.
The two rivers join in Kursk and
If the Russians should succeed in
recapturing the city they would
hold a strategic position to threat
en- Germany's forces in the Ukraine,
London military quarters pointed
out.
Russian dispatches told of sharp
fighting on the northern Leningrad
front where 1900 Germans were
said to have been killed in attacks
that overran pillbOxes and other
Nazi defenses.
Both Moscow and Berlin were
silent regarding the fate of the
German 18th army, entrapped dur
ing the winter fighting in the Star
ava Russo area below Lake linen,
about las miles south of Leningrad
Even If the Germans have succeed
ed in rescuing the entrapped forces,
the Staraya Russo fighting prob
ably will rank as one of the major
Russian successes of the winter
fighting, it was said.
Russian artillery and infantry was
reported to have crushed successive
attacks by masses of German re-
serves on various sectors of the
long front and to have killed more
Continued on Page 8; Column %