davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1942-10-23
Premier Smuts' Address

Ihe course of events will reveal
the significance Of the address de-
llvered by Jan Christian SHUTS,
Prime Minister of the Union of South
Africa and Field Marshal in Britains
imperial armies. It came as the cli-
max of visit to London on the in
vitation of Winston Churchill. For
several days previously, conferences
had been held between the two lead
ers which had been widely inter-
preted throughout the world as her
aiding important decisions in the
realm of grand strategy. In this
connection, it should be recalled that
the two men had been closely asso-
ciated during World War I, wherein
both played prominent roles. In the
present war, Premier Marshal Smuts
has consistently favored vigorous &C
ton, especially in Africa.
The setting of Premier Smuts' ad-
dress was impressively dramatic. The
occasion was Trafalgar Day, always
dear to British hearts as the an
niversary of Nelson's famous vic
tory over the combined Franco
Spanish fleets which permanently
shattered Napoleon's seapower and
thus banished the specter of invasion
that had long hung over the Brit
ish Isles. The audience, seated in a
historic auditorium rendered name
less by the censor, consisted of 1000
members of the Lords and Commons
with other distinguished visitors, and
the guest orator was introduced by
Ex-Premier Lloyd George, while at
the close of the address Mr.. Churchill
took the floor and called for an ova-
ton.
Premier SHUTS painted a broad
picture of the titanic world crisis
through which mankind is passing.
Linking the present conflict organ
ically with that of generation ago,
he termed them collectively a mod
ern Thirty Years War, wherein the
highest human values are at stake.
Depicting past events and present
trends, he indicated the lines of a
postwar settlement based on the
principle of collective security i'm
plemented by the continuing action
Of the United Nations. As an "elder
statesman" Of that already es-
tablished international association
known as the British Commonwealth
of Nations, he paid tribute to It's
marvellous residence under the
Evening star., 1942-10-23
Old Fox !

Color OF copper the rusihas found
The old red tor snirs trcted ground,
Tonight once more the men ,piu hail
The hollo,D on the echoitp trail,
VIII build fire and SEM the pack
TO find his skin on the iilrs arched
back. .
Around the fire no man pill break
The ring OF silence but kln and take
From rustling ,pind th1relear, s,oeet
song
OF the running hounds but night is
long Il
And an old red for mus stay inside
For the hunters moon i BRIGHT and
.0ide.
Must tohisper a little pfeyer or two
As all ,cho leaue a raceSsust do
For the pack to turn orlose in water
Scent OF a flying son OF daughter.
0LADlS MCKEE.
Evening star., 1942-10-23
60 to the War Fair

Every one who can should visit the
War Fair at Ulines Arena. Nothing
quite like it has ever been attempted
IN Washington before, but it already
has demonstrated its value, not
merely to the War Fund Campaign
of which it is part-but as a splen-
did exhibition of real community en-
terprise and cooperation. AS a good
show it would stand on its feet-for
the skilled work of those in charge of
the entertainment has produced
more talent under single roof than
one is apt to find anywhere else. But
the entertainment is merely one at
traction.
Here we find visual answer to the
perfectly reasonable question asked
by those who contribute to the War
Fund: What do you do with my
money!" For an attempt has been
made at the War Fair to give a
graphic demonstration of the work
of the scores of agencies in Wash
1ngton which rely in whole or in
part on the money being collected
through the War Fund campaign.
Booths and displays, with such in
teresting demonstrations as those
furnished by the District hospitals
and doctors representing the med
ical society in a well-equipped
operating room, can tell more in a
few minutes about the War Fund
than the most eloquent oratory. And
while no solicitations for contribu-
tions are permitted at the fair any
visitor will be a more intelligent
contributor when he leaves.
All the visitor has to do is to look
for himself and be entertained. But
every visitor will be impressed by the
volunteer contributions of money,
time, hard work and talents which,
combined, have made this War Fair
possible.
Evening star., 1942-10-23
THIS AND THAT
BY Charles Z. Trace,Dell.

He recalls how they looked after that
heavy snow late last spring.
1t seemed as If they could never come
up again, but they did, without much
loss. Things that were lost, cracked
right of. There was no doubt about
them.
Nature has put into her trees and
shrubs plenty of residence. They are
almost rubberlike. No doubt that Is the
reason we can get rubber from certain
plants, if We try hard enough.
Nature knows, from long experience,
that heavy rains may fall. She pro-
vides for them.
Still, one may wonder what a 40-day
food, on the historic model, would do to
an average small garden.
Rains certainly play havoc with the
ladies' plans for. fall housecleaning
They not only mess up the windows,
and keep them from being washed, but
prevent various articles from being
busted in the open air and hung upon
the line.
In times of war, such matters may not
seem to be very important, but to the
persons concerned they are very much
so.
One of the mental faults of mankind
is that still we tend to think that only
the things we, ourselves, are interested
in. are very important. A $4,000 a year
salary will convince almost any Ameri-
can that nobody else's affairs are quite
as important as his own. From this
follows, as the night the day, that only
the matters he is interested in are i'm
portant to any man. Here is an old
vicious circle which, like a heavy rain,
tends to 60 on and on, without relief.
The only thing which saves America
from being inundated is the fact that
SO many persons do not make $4,000 a
year!
Rain is only part Of the weather pic
ture.
The suburban dweller knows the whole
picture from end to end He has waded
for blocks through melting snow; he has
raked thousands of bushels of leaves: he
has been showed in; he knows cold in
peculiar way.
The only thing he is not acquainted
with as we'll as the city dweller is heat,
thank heaven.
He freely confesses that when it comes
to heat, the city man knows more about
that phase of the weather.
Overshoes, galoshes and boots are not
articles to be used just at flood time, but
are every day. or at least every week,
articles in country or suburbs.
This comes about because one is nearer
to the weather, in such places 1t is not
modified. as it so often seems in the city.
into just something to spoil a picnic,
now and then, or make theater date
inconvenient
In the suburbs. one really lives with
the weather. day by day, and finds it
interesting at all times, not Just at flood
time alone.
Evening star., 1942-10-23

strain of conflict and its vital role
as "the heart of the defense" against
the totalitarian onslaught.
These are familiar generalizations.
OF greater potential significance was
Premier Shuts emphatic assertion
that I'VE have now reached the
fourth year Of this war and the de-
tense phase has now ended. The
stage is set for the last, the offensive
phase" This theme was expanded
at length by recounting staggering
Axis losses in Russia, the Allies
growing superiority in modified
manpower and resources and rebel
liouS unrest within the Axis sphere.
He specifically declined to forecast
either the time or place where
the predicted offensive would be
launched, but asserted: "Once the
time has come to take the offensive
and to strike while the iron is hot,
it would be folly to delay, to over
PlCPoAC, oAAN, POAAAoPo, A1Aloo Jul Op-
portunity. Nor are we likely to do
so. OF that, feel satisfied"
Such fortnight language is, of
course, subject to diverse interpre-
tations. To some, Premier Shuts
address will appear as the clear in
dication and foreshadowing of major
decisions definitely made. To less
sanguine minds, his words may seem
just another glorifled pep talk, with
nothing beyond ultimate intentions
behind the words themselves. In
the last analysis, it is deeds, not
words, that will determine the sig
nificance of this address on Trafal-
gar Day.
Evening star., 1942-10-23

- @. Why was the Lake of the Woods
area included within the northern
boundary of the United States?-W. W.s.
A. The inclusion of the Lake of the
Woods projection, an area of nearly l24
square miles north OF the 49th parallel.
inside the boundary of the United States,
resulted from the Use Of inaccurate mans
by the makers of the treaties of 1888
and 1918.
@. What is the miadle name of Harry
L. Hopkins?-S. B. VI
A. The middle name is Lloyd.
@. What ancient poet was ridiculed
because of his leannesS?-J. w.
A. Philetas of Cos who lived in the
second half of the 4th century BIC.
According to the como poets he carried
lead in his shoes toxeep himself from
being blown away
o. How many members are there in
the British House of Commons?- r. J.
A. The House of Commons includes
el5 members elected by direct ballot.
X
Q. What is the ohyin of the custom
OF ringing the great bell at Oxford Uni
versity l0l times ever night?-F. B.H.
A. For great many years, the ring
ing OF Great Tom has been the signal
for closing the collegs gates. One hun
dred and one represents the original
number of foundation students. Bell
ringing has been discontinued in Eng
land during the war.
@. How much doesa full-grown rat.
tlesnake weigh?-A LH.
A. A rattlesnake about five feet long.
which is good length for a full-erown
specimen, would weigh about four
pounds
@. When was the hotorcycle invent.
ed?-G. CT.
A. The present motorcycle was de-
Veloped from the bicycle. The pioneer
model was constructed by Gottlieb Daim.
Ter in 1885.
Q. Is there medical term for what
is popularity known as IA foot going to
sleep"?-F. L.
A. The term is "psresthesia This
is an abnormal or diSrdered sensation
due to some interference with the nerve
supply such as unusual pressure.
@. Is the octopus nsh or an AMI
mal?-R. B. B.
A. The octopus is an animal, not Q
fish. The term, fish, lis used rather
loosely to mean any marine animal, but
1t should be correctly applied only Ia
vertebrate animals like the cod and tbs
trout. The octopus belongs to the ply
lum known as Mollusca and to the class
Of mollusks called Cephalpoda, mean
ing head-footed.
@. How far from Japan b.the Russian
base Vladivostok?-P. D., j.
A. vladivostok. in siberis is $50 miles
from the Japanese capital.
Evening star., 1942-10-23
Forty-Hour Week

Representative Ramspeck of Geor-
gia, who has sought consistently to
promote the legitimate aspirations of
workers, has proposed an amend
ment to the Wage-Hour Act which
would sanction voluntary agreements
during the war for work up to 56
hours a week without payment of
overtime.
Mr.. Ramspeck's amendment is
based on the clear recognition that
the philosophy underlying the 40
hour week and its practical effects
are interfering with the prosecution
OF the war. Some persons, of course,
still attempt to justify the 4O-hour
week in wartime by contending that
the statute does not forbid work in
excess OF 40 hours; that, in fact,
longer hours are being worked. But
this argument ignores the real truth,
which is that the wage-hour law
was intended to foster a 4O-hour
week, that the fundamental purpose
OF time-and-a-hal was to penalize
and therefore discourage work in
excess of 40 hours, and that, in fact.
it has had this effect.
AS of today, the average work week
in the United States is about 43
hours. This is from 10 to 20 fewer
hours per week than are being
worked in the other major warning
countries. And this is interfering
with the prosecution of the war. In
the factories engaged directly on war
work the time -and-a-half penalty
has not been important, for the con-
tractor has been able to pass this
penalty on to the taxpayers. Since
the public pays the penalty, these
contractors can work their men 48
hours, or more. But in those plants
where war contracts are rare or non
existent, this is not true. Because
these employers have to pay the
penalty themselves, their inclination
is to avoid overtime work-as was
1llICllueu ny LQe law.
Inevitably, this impedes production
for civilian use. And, in the face of
a growing labor shortage, these
harmful effects soon will become
self-evident. The war will cost the
people more than it should. And
the total of our production will be
smaller than might have been the
case.
This is a condition which obviously
ought to be corrected. But it is
doubtful whether Mr.. Ramspeck's
proposal would accomplish a great
deal. No doubt many workers would
be willing to waive overtime pay. but
others probably would not. This
would result in a situation COM
parable to that which prevailed
under the voluntary agreement to
give up premium double time pay for
Sunday work. Because some took
advantage Of the sacrifice of others.
1t soon became necessary for the
President to forbid premium nav
and there is no reason to suppose a
better fate would attend a voluntary
attempt at REIMBURSEMENT of time
and-a-half pay for normal overtime.
II Congress proposes to get rid of
this impeachment to the prosecution
OF the war, it would seem wiser not
TO rely on halfway measures.
Evening star., 1942-10-23
THIRTEENTH STREET,

Dear Sir:
THE rains attract everybody's atten-
ton, but rainfall is interesting, even in
normal amounts and on average oc-
casions.
THE trouble seems to be that SO many
people will not pay attention to such
matters unless there is an exceptional
occasion. I find wind interesting, with
out requiring hurricane. A little lunch
can be as attractive to me as a Lucullian
feast.
Il like rain in the garden at all times.
1t Is dificult to get too much for me.
OF course, am not farmer, and have
no crops to be ruined. That might alter
matters. 1t makes no particular differ
ence to me whether my small garden
gets too much water or not.
when we stop to think how much of
our own weight is water, and what a
great part water plays in the whole
world, especially in transportation, we
see that, except for floods it is impos-
sible to get too much OF it.
THE city people may grumble, but
war goes on just the same, and so does
business, whether 1t rains or is dry, and
I like to think that we would all be
better off If we took an intelligent in
terest IN rains. Sincerely, B. J. r."
X
There is nothing like the home garden
to create an interest in normal rainfall.
Just as soon as family moves from
q q 40 rf m IN
members usually work up real interest.
This comes about naturally enough.
If rains do not fall at the right times,
the lawn will dry out and begin to die.
Flowers and shrubs do we'll, or the re-
verse, because of rain or the lack of it.
Even the person who, in town, has
professed to have no interest in the
weather, shortly finds himself or herself
watching the sky like professional.
In time such person discovers, often
to his surprise, that weather study is
interesting, all in itself. He may not
buy books on meteorology, but he does
study the weather signs.
He has more respect for the old fell
low down on the corner who says that
he can tell when it is going to rain by
the way his elbow feels.
Suburban and country living brings
into relief many old beliefs. One may
not altogether agree that the moon has
any real effect upon growing things, but
1t Is pleasant superstition that many
people still believe in, at least in half
hearted way.
Almanacs keep this lore alive. Even
though most of these publications, so
tied up with the history of our country,
are sophisticated enough, in the modern
manner, they still like to carry small
items about the effect of the moon.
One is even advised to get the hair
cut at certain moon phases.
X X
Continued rains bend tall shrubs over
In the most alarming fashion.
The owner fears they will never
straighten up again.
Evening star., 1942-10-23

not only discredit but disaster upon
ourselves, and it will be well merited."
The Atlantic Charter and the Four
Freedoms may not be the complete
solution to the problem as Mr.. Eden
outlines it, but they are a basis for
dlscussion-gestures in the direction
OF a world order which men and
women of all nations would be willing
to toll for and even to die for, as
men and women now are dying, be-
cause of its essential Justice and
charity and its applicability every
where.
Evening star., 1942-10-23
The Lesson" of the War

The text OF an ADDRESS delivered by
Anthony Eden on September 26 de-
serves careful and thoughtful read
ing because it represents what the
generality of English men and women
necessarily are thinking. The speaker
is not merely Secretary of State for
Foreign Affairs. 1t happens that he
also is an accredited interpreter of
a very considerable part of the popu-
lation of Britain-that portion which
formerly was known as the middle
classes but which more recently has
been called "the new poor"
1t is to the whole assembly of the
United Nations, however, that Mr..
Eden submits the proposition that:
This war, with the immeasurable
evil it has brought in its train, has
done one good thing for us. 1t has
restored our moral purpose, our belief
In ourselves. We have learned, I
hope, that peace is something that
must be won and worked for and
paid for. We have learned that past
heroism is only valuable if linked
to present courage, that ideas dis
regard frontiers, that unemployment
or war in one country brings unem-
ployment or war in others, that peace
requires endurance, sacrifices and
vigilance as much as war. Even
after the victory there can be no
easy road from war to peace"
The sentiments thus expressed un-
doubtedly are widely felt among the
peoples of all the countries leagued
against Axis aggression. 1t is an
established fact now rs never before
that life is difficult and that civiliza-
ton cannot be had simply for the
asking. Perhaps earlier generations
realized those truths as profoundly.
Certainly, the contagion of destruc-
tive dogmas was appreciated in 1893
and in 1913 and in 1G43. The pro-
vocative doctrines of the German
imperialists of 1914 were recognized
for their dangerous connotations by
many observers in England and
America long before the outbreak
of hostilities in the summer of that
fateful year.
But Mr.. Eden is right in stressing
the essential principle of human
unity The disturbing power Of even
one single reckless faction in re-
Sponsive territory is something that
must be reckoned with. Hitler began
as the leader of seemingly inconse-
quential group Of political amateurs,
a pitiful little junta of "crackpot"
theorists. If the rise of such dysgenic
forces in the future Is to be pre-
vented, it will have to be done by
conscious and deliberate intent, not
by accident or laissez faire. Mr.
Eden says: II think we learned our
lesson; pray we remember 1t. 1t will
not be easy. -" When the war Is
over, weariness will come back;
selfishnesS, too, for we are human.
But If we seek to drift back to the
good old times (Which were really not
SO good for many among us), If we
imagine that all the controls can be
swept aside or that we can return
to the economic anarchy Of the old
6svs, certainly We shall bring
Evening star., 1942-10-23
Defends "One Side" Against Another
In Brothers War" Of 1861.

HI DTOtHcfS war OF 1901.
To the Editor Of The Star:
Is 1t fair, is it ct all generous, to hark
back to our Brothers War" of 80 years
ago, in such way as to imply, sometimes
actually assert, that one side (the WIN
ner, of course) was wise and right, the
other side foolish and wrong? This
question is suggested by the review
(The Star, October ID of two recent
books on certain phases of the War of
1861.
with the first of the two books men,
toned above in the matter of supposed
fifth columnists" opposing Lincolns war
policy; and she remarks, truly and
forcefully, that "it is, indeed, somewhat
awkward to fit the opprobrious term in
retrospect to any of the historical char
acters" of the War of 1861. But the
reviewer herself goes on to say that "by
common consent we have decided
that the Confederate leaders were not
traitors, but honorable men wrong in
their judgment"
AS against this view the late DR.. Ar
thur w. Littlefield of Massachusetts, ex-
pressed to me his thought that Con-
federate success would have so checked
imperialism and Prussian aggression that
World War No. would not have come.
Indeed, it would appear to be awkward
enough to differentiate the right OF self
determination" for States, large and
small, as proclaimed in the Declaration
of Independence by Woodrow Wilson
some Is years ago. and by some of our
leaders today in World War No. ITO
differentiate such from Confederate self
determination or secession from the
Union of States, whereby each several
State, by vote of its people, decided the
question for itself just as. State by State,
they earlier had decided to accede to
that Union
George Bernard Shaw has remarked
(preface to THE Apple Cart page ls)
that Lincoln's eloquent Gettysburg ad-
dress, lauding those who fought for free
institutions, actually applied to the Con-
federate warriors: and H. L. Mencken
somewhere has spoken to like effect.
AS expressed by another writer, "Appo-
mattox put back half-century or more
the hand Of progress on the dial plate
of civilization"
Thanks are due your reviewer for
stressing the fact that Lincoln's procla-
nation of emancipation for only some
of the Negro slaves was war measure,
pure and simple" and for her forceful
statement that at is not history at all"
to teach that the war was a clearly
defined struggle between some people
who wanted slavery and some who did
not; just as, we might add, concerning
royal Gov. Dunmore's proclamation,
ITS. emancipating the slaves of such
Virginia rebels as George Washington,
Patrick Henry and Thomas Jefferson;
for which action Dunmores chief,
George III. was denounced in the Decla-
ration of Independence as having lex
cited domestic insurrection amongst u.s.:
and which Bancroft, eulogist Of Lincoln,
attacked as - sad resource for q COM
mercial metropolis to keep q hold on its
colony by letting loose slaves against its
own colonists"
Bancroft's phrase - commercial me-
tropolis" serves to remind us Of the
actual commercial and economic causes
of the War OF 1861; how that the pro-
fessed "anti-slavery" drive in the North
never really struck Its stride until South
Evening star., 1942-10-23

The outfit of United States SOL
dier contains seventy mine separate
and distinct articles of clothing and
equipment. Eighty is a nice round
number, but it is thought the dough-
boy will be content not to add the
straw that might break his back.
Evening star., 1942-10-23

Americans, after all, do not par
ticularly relish the thought of sew
enty million Germans going hungry.
But If Marshal Goering should lose
a couple of hundreds pounds through
compulsion there would be many a
dry eye on this side Of the Atlantic.
Evening star., 1942-10-23

Rumania and Hungary, both So
called "allies" of Hitler, are bristling
up to each other and may 60 into a
private war of their own over terri
tory allotted by the Nazis. Just that
sort Of interallied squabble has
tripped a number of former dictators.
Evening star., 1942-10-23
Letters to the Editor

Letters to the Editor must
bear the name and address of
the 1Oriter, although the use of
a pseudonynl for publication is
permissible. The Star reserves
the right to edit all letters Nth
a Die1D to condensation.