davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1942-11-22
Chile's Wavering Due to End
Opening of Allied Offensive Assures Nation Danger
of Axis Invasion Has Passed
Bv John Nashf,


With 2,500-mile coastline not easily
defended, facing one of the major the
aters Of war, open to an attack by the
japanese, Chile flirted with the Axis in
the hope of preservation. For there
is nothing that the Chileans hate more
than to have their country managed by
others. gentleman first, the Chilean
is good businessman secondly. When
the need arises he becomes an excellent
soldier. But to fight alone would be
hopeless. So the government wanted to
be prudent, observing neutrality as long
as it deemed it necessary, until the
United States could help efficiently. They,
too, remembered Pearl Harbor, Manila
and the Philippines, but they remem-
bered it with dreadful anticipation.
Brazil, they knew, came first, for there
the danger seemed more imminent. Then
when Brazil was involved in the war they
realized that until the time came for
relief on the Brazilian bulge to be ef-
fected. they had no chance of expecting
any outside help.
Now with the opening of second
front. with the Nazis in all probability
being expelled from Africa, they will feel
that hemisphere defense could naturally
be concentrated in Chile, the next weak
est spot. Their time has come to act,
and with the successful completion of the
North African operations, Chile will def
nitely come Fundamentally into the
Allied camp where it belongs, and where
it wants to be-.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1942-11-22

case IN Missouri, resulting in the con-
victions of Louis Egan, Frank ]. Boehm
and Albert G. Laun, revealed the devious
practices which utilities must resort to,
such as 'kick-backs" and padded ex-
pense accounts, in raising funds for buy
ing politicians and ofice-holders.
In the old days, Sam insult could dip
into the till of his many utilities and
with few def bookkeeping entries
cover up the tens of thousands of dollars
contributed to both Democratic and Re-
publican bosses. Before the electric util-
tiles gained prominence in the political
field, the chief big business offenders
against clean politics were the railroads,
the whisky rings and the tariff protected
industries. Under present tax and Sc
curities and exchange laws officials of
non-utilities will hesitate a long time
before risking corporation funds for
political shennanegans.
Official returns are not yet available
in Washington to show how Tammany
and other Democratic machines fell
apart in the recent elections; how Kelly
and Nash failed to pile up the expected
majority in Cook County for Raymond
S. McKeough, the Democratic senatorial
candidate, and how Boss Hague was
unable to re-elect Senator Smathers in
New Jersey.
Unofficial returns from New York show
that instead of the 100000 majority
Farley publicly predicted for the five
boroughs of New York City she actual
count was around $4,000 In Hudson
County, where Hague is still boss, the
Smathers majority was 10000, but it
was not enough to put him over. In
Cook County, the Kelly-Nash machine,
instead of returning boosted 3OO,0
majority for McKeough, could muster
only 100000 which enabled Brooks to
win by approximately 100000.
Machine Men Lost.
In Kansas City, although two Demo-
cratic Representatives were elected, the
discredited Pendergast machine was
doubly repudiated on local candidates,
who are of more concern to the bosses
than the national figures Machine
backed Judge Marion D. Waltner was
ousted and Judge Allen c. Southern, who
led the gambling cleanup fight, was re-
tanned by huge majority.
1t is far too early to say that bosses
and their machines will disappear from
the political scene. Tammany Hall is as
old as the American Government and
has been national power since 1900.
Local dictators like Huey Long are almost
certain to get control of State govern
ments, and men with great personalities
and abilities such as Jim Farley will
work their way to power. But for this
brief moment in history at least, bosses
and their personal organizations are
weaker than they have been for decades.
A new set of circumstances will be re-
quired for their return to domination.
Printed by Special Arrangement With
the St. Louis Post-Dispatch.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1942-11-22

Soon after Brazil's entry into the war
the other South American nations sud-
denly became conscious of an invasion
possibility. This awareness of a danger
that had been brewing for long time
and which increased with the Brazilian
declaration of war; caused a great deal
of anxiety all around the American
capitals Argentina, instead of being
swung into the United Nations orbit.
seemed further away from breaking off
relations with the Axis than ever. Chile,
the only other dissenter from hemisphere
solidarity, again postponed the long
awaited action. Later, President Rios
visit to Washington was Cancelled on &C
count of Sumner Welles speech. An
acute tension was rising among the
countries of the hemisphere, and at one
time it seemed as if inter- American unity
would drift into the past before actually
reaching the present.
Now undoubtedly things will begin to
change, but at the time much more lay
behind Rios postponement than his
taking insult from well-deserved rebuff.
safe for little longer and avoid rup-
ture with the Axis until the time came
for United Nations display Of power.
1t was not certain If the Allies would be
able to forestall Nazi invasion on the
continent. let alone be able to undertake
a major offensive themselves. The answer
to the Chilean query lies In the success
of the American offensive in French
Africa. For once the threat to Brazil is
removed. Chile will adhere to the unified
American policy.
Nations Position Was Dangerous.
Chile's situation has to be carefully
analysed before one can attempt to
solve the riddle of its present policy. It's
mild Irritation with the Axis powers is
due entirely to the fact that Chile con-
trolls some $500 miles of Pacific coastline.
The country's length is $500 miles, and
its width ranges from 10 to 200 miles.
Within this long, narrow strip of land
between the Pacific and the Andes live
some $500 900 proud and patriotic Chill
cans. They believe in their country, they
labor and starve when they must, but
they are conscious of an old-esta blished
culture and tradition.
This population is formed by mix
ture OF Spaniards. Scots. Jews, English,
Germans and Irish. intelligent enough to
realize that with such descent a racial
policy could never work in their coun-
try. Foreigners have said that their
present policy is instigated by Fascist
sympathies of the people. Nothing could
be less accurate. They are lovers of
freedom, they believe in everything the
free people of the world believe in. Their
isolationism is motivated by the fact
that their narrow deserts are rich in
nitrate, salt used In the manufacture
Of explosives and copper. A poor coun-
try, 1t is true. but wealthy enough to be
within the approach Of greedy enemies.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1942-11-22
Political Bosses on Wune
Party Machines Weakening Election Results Show
Brandt.

The 1912 congressional elections DEM
onstrated the diminishing power of po-
litical bosses and their ell-oiled ma
chimes 1t has been automatic in poll
tics that party organizations show their
greatest effectiveness when voting is
light, yet this year, with the balloting
about half what it was in 1910, the
machines failed to deliver the goods.
Unless most signs fail they will be lesser
factors in future campaigns for the SIM
pie reason that politics is no longer a
profitable business.
Gone are the days when Boies Pen
rose could unconsciously accumulate a
cashbox with $225,000 in currency just
for an emergency; when Samuel insult
could contribute $125,000 of public util-
ity funds for the senatorial election of a
Frank l.. Smith, or William Ware could
spend 100000 of mysterious. contribu-
lions for Senate seat, which was later
jerked from under him.
The principal reasons for this political
publication are the internal revenue laws
as administered by Secretary of the
Treasury Morgenthau and Elmer L.
Trey, chief co-ordinator of the Treasury
Agency Services: the Securities and Ex-
change Acts, and, to lesser degree, the
extension of civil service in Federal,
State and local governments. Other con-
tributing circumstances are the sharp
curtailment of immigration, increased
education of the voters and higher wages.
1t is rarely possible in these days to buy
vote with dollar, drink or basket
of COAL
Successors Not in Sight.
The present political bosses are old
men and their successors are not in sight,
AS longtime career, bossing, which is
a 24-hour day year-around job. offers
meager financial prospects and truly
dangerous risks, such as stretch in the
penitentiary-not for political crooked
ness but for violation of the income tax
or public utility laws. The old, effective
combination of big business and practi-
cal politics has been weakened.
This is not to say that political bosses
and machines have been completely
junked. AS long as men-Boss Crump
OF memphis is typlcal-Seek power Tor
powers sake and Government oficehold-
ers and their families feel obligated to
those giving employment, some form of
political organization will persist These
local tyrants with their two-cylinder
jalopies, however, cannot be compared
with the crushing steam rollers formerly
operated by Tammany or even by the
now defunct Boss Pendergast of Mis-
souri,, who arrogantly dictated the Mis-
souri, congressional nominations and
elections in 1892.
Missouri has been laboratory for
testing income and public utility laws on
political organizations. The Pendergast
mob was broken up by Trey and District
Attorney Maurice M. Milligan. This
profitable outfit included politicians, Of
ficeholders, businessmen and gangsters.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1942-11-22

Among those sent to prison besides Pen
dergast were Robert E. OMalley, State
insurance commissioner; Otto P. Hig-
gins, director of police; John j. Pryor,
contractor, and Charles v. Carrolo, gang
ster. John Lazia gangster, for whom
Pendergast appealed to Postmaster Gen.
eral-Democratic Chairman Farley, was
murdered while his conviction was being
appealed.
Warnings to Bosses.
Similar prosecutions were started in
Louisiana, where Huey Longs henchmen
had waxed rich on political spoils. Long
was assassinated but Ireys men convict
ed his principal lieutenants, Former
Cows. Noe Allen and Leche, Seymour
Weiss, President J. Monroe Smith of the
Louisiana State University and other
prominent citizens
The Missouri and Louisiana convic-
tions were warnings to political bosses
throughout the country. Although there
were no indictments, it became known
that the Internal Revenue agents were
investigating the incomes of Bosses
Kelly and Nash in Chicago, Mayor
Hague Of Atlantic City and smaller po-
litical fry in the city machines through
out the country. This was enough to
make politicians extremely wary about
soliciting and accepting contributions"
because the tax laws require reports by
the giver and the receiver
The Treasury and the Internal Rev.
enue Bureau are not primarily inter-
ested in political corruption. Conviction
of bribe- taking politicians, crooked Office
holders and gangsters is incidental to
their first duty of collecting taxes from
all sources, and it is perhaps significant
that the first tangible evidence on the
Missouri insurance scandal began with
a routine examination of insurance COM
pany books in Chicago.
Laws Cover Corruption.
The Federal public utility laws are
in different category and contain spe-
cific provisions covering political corrup-
ton. Thus the notorious Union Electric
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1942-11-22

The defeat of Rommel and the inva-
sion of North Africa have broken that
military deadlock which has character
lied the war in Europe since Germany,
year ago, had to admit inability to dis
pose of Russia. A sense of optimism and
opportunity has replaced the illustration
and impatience which ruled before the
smashing British attack at Ell Alamein.
Along with the deadlock in military
operations another, more fundamentally
disturbing, stalemate seems happily to
be breaking With better military pros
poets has come revival of concern in
regard to war aims. AS the fighting in
tensifies and casualties mount there is
parallel intensification of effort to COM
pass the gigantic tragedy with some
positive and Ineligible purpose.
Three recent speeches, by three men of
commanding influence, reflect this desire
for sharper definition.
The first of these was the address de-
livered by Premier Stain, on November
g. celebrating the 25th anniversary of the
revolutionary establishment of the Soviet
government. The second was that deliv-
cred by Prime Minister Churchill. on
November 10. The third speech, differ
ing from the other remarks on war aims
IN that it presents the viewpoint of one
who merely aspires to governmental re-
sponsibility, was given by Wendell Willkie
In New York November 16.
President Avoided Subject.
There was expectation that President
Roosevelt would take the opportunity
afforded by his scheduled broadcast at
the New York Herald Tribune Forum to
carry official definition of American war
aims stage further. His radio address
OF November II, however, avoided this
delicate subject. Nevertheless, presiden-
tlal leadership in this field cannot be
withheld much longer, since the out
spoken frankness Of recent Russian and
British announcements demands equal
executive candor from the United States.
The most notable aspect of Stains
recent speech was not his statement
that 1T is not our aim to destroy Ger
many This he has said before.
On November 6, however, the Russian
Premier went further, asserting that
1T is not our aim to destroy all military
force in Germany" To attempt the COM
pulsory disarmament of a defeated Ger
many, he added, would not only be i'm
possible" but also "inadvisable from the
point of view of the victor"
Since Stain simultaneously empha-
sized that one of Russias imperative
tasks is ito destroy Hitler's army and its
leaders, the purpose conveyed is one
looking toward establishment of a Ger
man Red Army, competent to assume
control in Germany and perhaps Central
Europe generally, as soon as the Ger
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1942-11-22
Freedom Fight
Argentine Press, Curbed,
Strikes Back

BUENOS AIRES P.-The Argentine
press, temporarily deprived Of its consti-
tutional freedom by executive decree, Is
fighting a valiant rearguard action to
preserve it's privilege.
For the moment the battle may appear
a losing one. Under the state of siege
the government of President Ramon s.
Castillo Yields the strongest weapons.
More than score of suspensions have
been imposed on newspapers which have
published criticisms of the administra-
tons foreign policy or other material
displeasing to the government.
Thus far the great dailies have escaped
penalties, although they have suffered in
the necessity of suppressing legitimate
news to avoid reprisals. Recently the
Socialist organ Vanguardia, which has
been suspended twice for violations of
the state of siege, was forced to ignore
the speeches delivered in the Socialist
National Convention lest it incur further
penalties.
But the battle has not been entirely
without its counterattacks When the
government sought to prevent publica-
ton of congressional debates critical of
its policies the press found an ally in
outraged legislators who protested
against this effort to separate them from
their public, and the order was Cor.
rected."
More recently on the 73d anniversary
of the founding Of the powerful Buenos
Aires newspaper La Prensa, Publisher
Ezequiel P. Paz printed an open letter
to his employees In which he severely
castigated public servants who became
enemies Of the press
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1942-11-22

space. The rum runner owned or char
tered vessel. In these days all craft
OF consequence are assigned to war duty.
Ships and boats are under the closest
kind of scrutiny, and couldn't bring a
spoonful Of coffee not accounted for by
clearance papers.
Off1cials say Federal inspection Of
goods in interstate commerce precludes
any such black market for meat here
as bedeviled Europe. The Government
will know where meat is going, in what
quantity and for what purpose, almost to
the ultimate consumer.
There is nothing perhaps, to prevent
the fellow with little more legal coffee
or meat or sugar than he personally
needs slipping the surplus to some has
not at jot or so more than he paid for
it-providing he is not around when
price-control agents come for him. This,
however, does not greatly concern any
one, since the economic effect is nil. It
does not take from the national supply
pound or pennyworth. 1t merely shifts
from one person to another a bit of this
or that already discounted on the store
books.
The Government, however, is very I'M
happy that some folks play these snide
tricks, and has managed to gather in
1876 defendants in 284 cases they are
prosecuting for such things. as violating
the Emergency Price Control Act, dodg-
ing ration restrictions and just plain
bootlegging articles.
These unfortunates are subject to
somewhat of a jerking around, inasmuch
as the law says they can be but in the
pokey for one year and fined $4,000 If
they dare sell rationed product lille
gally. The rap Is two years and $4,000
for Intentionally making a false state
ment to get or sell more than their share.
Waxy Gordon, the old-time booze
baron, found it out when, it is charged,
he figured to operate a sugar racket.
Federal agents picked him up. Waxy
was indicted and is now out on bail.
Small-time bootlegging Of gasoline and
automobile tires is the Governments
biggest headache, but agents have broken
up rings in Florida, Pennsylvania and
some other spots.
1t seems odd on the face of all this
that price-control and rationing bosses
should be so optimistic that there will
be no black market.
But. when you simmer it down, prob
ably IS per cent of all Americans wish
to endure whatever hardship it is neces-
sary to endure to win this war. They
know these products are rationed SO our
own warriors and those Of our Allies
have supplies needed by men who fight
battles. They know we can do with a
little less, for after all this is the best
fed, best-housed and best-clothed coun-
try In the world. We do not suffer.
In that light. Americans by and large
would Just about as soon hang q black
market bootlesger a. bat an eye.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1942-11-22
Sea Victory Brings Analysis
OF Our Next Move in Pacific
y. S. Needs Adequate Reinforcements to Widen
Big Advantage Now Held
Over Crippled Enemy
BY Constantine Brown.

! was administering sound spanking to
our Army and Navy chiefta:ns.
The pressure of the public to do
something in Europe at once" became
increasingly strong-the need for action
became imperative, politically There
was the choice between an attack on
the European mainland, which all mill
tary men agreed would result in defeat,
and a safe operation in Africa which
strategically could be considered a part
OF Europe. Africa, as we know, was
selected, and preparations were rushed
to start operations early in November.
But while the expedition had to be
organized with utmost care and war
material had to be sent to Russia at the
same time, there was little shipping left
for the Pacific. Forces necessary to re-
inforce units commanded by Vice Ad-
miral Robert L. Ghormley Nater replaced
by Admiral Halsey) could not be sent
from the West Coast in time. The re-
sulting delay gave the Japanese time to
concentrate unmolested at Truk and
later at Rabaul at least seven and prob
than Admiral had at his disposal.
The Japs took warships out of the
home fleet and the Indian Ocean where
the Nipponese discounted the offensive
ability of the Allied armies. A real
armada was massed in the South Pacific
its object to take the Solomons and
other islands as far away as New Gale
donia at any cost.
When the danger of losing an entire
division of marines on Guadalcanal was
realized we rushed achievements across
the Pacific after the Japs had COM
pleted their concentration.
Defense Called Miracle.
The japanese attacked, and it was al
most miracle that we were. able to hold
them off in October. They attacked
again after Gen. Macarthur and Ad-
miral Halsey had received large air REIN
forcements and the fleet had been
strengthened by many units from other
areas.
Those who look on the Pacific as our
main theater of operations, until we can
gain clear-cut triumph, hope that the
high command will not be stingy in the
sending of additional men and material
which our commanders need so badly.
1t is hoped that sufficient forces
Army and Navy-Will be dispatched to
permit our commanders to continue the
moves which now appear logical
sequence to the recent victory-that is,
operations at .Rabaul and on New Guinea.
Only a small part of the tonnage that
crosses the Atlantic every week is needed.
The men in the South Pacific are fully
confident that victory can be repeated if
they are given adequate reinforcements.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1942-11-22
Conodions Help Revive
Cornwall Tin Industry

Canada's shock sappers"-No. 1 Ttln-
nellers' Company Of the Canadian Army
In Britain-are now helping, to revive
Britain's tin industry In Cornwall. Some
Of these Canadians have relatives In the
Cornish mining districts: others left
Cornwall In their early teens to try their
luck In mining nickel and copper In Ca.
madam fields. @s
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-06-08
i,
Bout Postponed

PHIL ADELPHIA, June
INS).--Owing TO case of lum'
Ibago contracted Saturday by Bot
Montgomery. his scheduled II.
round match June IS at Shibe
Park with lightweight champion
Sammy Angott has been postponed
until July z.
Promoter Herman Taylor made
the announcement following a con
ference with members OF tn,
Pennsylvania athletic commission
Examining physicians said the at
tack apparently developed from Z
cold and that Montgomery would
not be able to box again until
June %.
Montgomery said he was willing
to 60 through with the contest q
week before the chosen date, but
commission chairman Leon Rains
inisted upon a longer postpone.
Iment so there would be no excuse
about poor health.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-06-08
Build New PIT
For Warmerdan1

EVANSTON, Ill, June 8 (INS)
They were moving the pole
vault pit at Northwestern Uni
versity today for the especial
benefit of Cornelius Warmerdam.
the Pacific Coast marvel who re-
Gently set a world record OF Is
feet Ia inches in the vault.
The West Coast school teacher
will try 10 beat this record when
he appears in the Big Ten-Tacific
Coast dual track meet at. North
western Tuesday night. June Is.
X. l.. Wilson. Northwestern
University athletic director. said
every effort would be made TO
prepare an ideal runway and
jumping pit for the record-break-
ing attempt. The pit is being
transferred from the east 10 the
west side Of the field which will
give the spectators a better view
of Warmerdam in his shakespeare
fights.
Thirty athletes, led by Camp
bell Kane. Indiana's crack miller
and half-miler. qualified for the
Big Ten team.