davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1942-02-22
By James J. Sfrebis,
Wide World News.

Biddle provided private hearing OF
each of these persons, to decide whether
he should be interned, paroled or freed.
The cry of "coddling' came almost as
an echo to the announcement of this
course, but it has not changed Mr.. Bid
dies decisions.
The barring of enemy aliens from vital
areas in the West also was necessary. The
War and Navy Departments recommend
the areas and the degree of restrictions.
Aides say Mr.. Biddle has gone along COM
pletely with each recommendation; and
intends to continue going along. If the
Army should recommend the removal of
a segment of the citizen population as
well as all alien enemies from the Pacific
Coast, as it has indicated it will do, the
Attorney General stands ready to try to
work out the legal problems this would
raise. He will not oppose turning the
task over to the Army his advisers say,
If the legal obstacles cannot be overcome.
Explaining his philosophy, the Phila-
delphian says:
Evening star., 1942-02-22

Atlantic coastal waters fairly free Of
enemies and maintain the flow of sup
plies to our British and Russian friends
as adequately as our means permit. But
it is essential, in the opinion of our best
military minds, that we concentrate ev-
cry ounce of our strength, every warship
and every airplane in the defense of
the Pacific.
The Japanese continue to be our weak
est enemy. If they have succeeded be-
yond their widest dreams and our
worst expectations-it is because they
have encountered no wel1-organized op-
position, except at scattered points. Our
British allies gravely underestimated the
power of the enemy, and we followed
suit.
The war against Japan is, to a certain
extent, racial as well as national, al
though for the time being we still have
the Chinese on our side. II there are
many more such Japanese successes as
Singapore and more surrenders by white
armed forces to the brown men of Japan,
no one can say what may happen in the
Asiatic world.
The Japanese are likely to make a
real effort to gain a foothold in Aus
tralia in the next few weeks. When
they do they are certain to attempt to
establish beachhead at Port Darwin,
unless such reinforcements reach Aus
tralia as to make such a move impossible
or so costly that the japanese will be dis
couraged from attempting it. Should
the necessary measures not be taken, it
may become impossible later to dislodge
the Japs from Darwin.
Pacific Region Vital
Australia must be defended as Wig
orously as our own territory. it is felt in
responsible military and naval quarters.
And not for sentimental, but for purely
military reasons. Australia is our best
Jumping of place in any future cam
paign to clean up the Pacific when we
are able to pass from purely defensive
to offensive strategy.
According to responsible military ex-
perts, we must henceforth place the Eu-
ropean front on the second plane and
not lull ourselves into the belief that we
can fight on two fronts. We can defend
ourselves in the Pacific If we do not
disperse our forces and our war ma
terial to the four corners of the globe
and if we bear in mind that the Western
Hemisphere is the only region which is
really vital to the people of the United
States.
We can maintain enough Of our forces
on the Atlantic seaboard to prevent too
grave annoyances from European raiders,
but it is in the Pacific that we should
throw the main weight Of Americas
formidable, yet not fully developed, fight
ing power. Realistic military men be-
lieve firmly that any other strategy at
the present time would spell irreparable
disaster for our country and the hun
dreds Of millions who live In the Western
Hemisphere.
Evening star., 1942-02-22

Attorney General Francis Biddle, as
sailed from left and right for being too
tough" and "too soft" in protecting the
right Of individuals, has set his course
for the war, declaring his conviction that
the rights of man can be made firmer
even while men fight to defend those
rights.
Despite pressure from many groups for
sterner action against critics and dis
senters, Mr.. Biddle restates at every op-
portunity the importance Of keeping alive
at home the ideals being fought for
around the world.
Mr.. Biddfe argues that "toughness"
and "liberaIty" are emotional classi-
fications, based often on our own preju-
dices or hidden disappointments." The
real test of a policy, he said, is: Will 1t
help unity the Nation, protect its in
terests and strengthen its internal struc-
ture2
Mr.. Biddle holds that protection OF
civil liberties is one Of his most impor-
tant duties, and he has shown this feel
Ing repeatedly during his six months as
chief law-enforcement officer of the Gov
ernment.
Took Personal Courage.
He was quick to move when, during
the first days after Pearl Harbor, Jealous
law officers seized some citizens for max
ing unfavorable comments about their
Government. He personally looked into
cases of individuals picked up for sup
posedly seditious utterances.
It took more personal courage, but he
moved quickly, too, in protecting those
within American borders who are-some
truly, but many only technically-"enemy
aliens" These are the 100000 Italians,
800, 900 Germans and $1,000 Japanese still
subject to their native lands.
Mr.. Biddle, who supervises the Depart
ment of Justice investigators, prosecutors
and jailers, was faced with quick deci-
sion-how to immobilize dangerous ele-
ments with a minimum of hardship on
those non-citizens whose hopes are for
this country's welfare.
The first step was the almost instan-
taneous arrest Of few thousand enemy
aliens regarded as potentially dangerous
Although subjects of enemy countries
ars entirely without legal rights, Mr.
Evening star., 1942-02-22
Far Eastern Front

The Japanese began their pincers
movement toward Java Monday. when,
after a savage battering from the re-
sisting Indies forces, they captured Pa
lembang, rich oil center of Southern Su-
matra, the westernmost Indies island
1000 miles long. A black pail of smoke
from flaming tanks of petroleum, ref1ner-
les, docks and other buildings hung over
the battle areas because the Dutch had
set fire to the vast oil fields and installa-
tions at Paiembang, which supply half
the Indies OIL The seizure of Palem-
bang pointed a grave threat at the Java
citadel. The oil center is but 269 miles
from Batavia, Indies capital OF Java, and
the 20-mile-wide Sunda Strait divides
Sumatra from Java.
While Toxic rejoiced over the news
from Palembang, the Japanese govern
ment found more reason to eXult in a
resume of its accomplishment at Singa-
pore, the fallen British
SINGAPORE stronghold. A Domei dis
Surenders patch to Toxic from Sim
gapore said $4,000 British
were surrendered to the japanese armies
when the fortress-island gave up. En-
peror Hirohito, who received the personal
reports of the military leaders, sent
message of congratulation to his Malay
campaign commanders 1t. Gen. To-
moyuki Yamashita, commander in chief
of the Japanese eXpeditionary force, dc
tated the surrender terms to Gen. A. E.
Percival, commander in chief of British
forces in Singapore, during 49-minute
conference.
An Indies government broadcast Tues
day warned the Javanese to expect the
enemy soon to storm their island. The
population Is now called on to meet the
test" the government said. Much de-
pends on our courage and tenacity." jap
anese planes at that very moment were
bombing and machine-gunning several
of the small islands in the narrow Sunda
Strait, while Dutch bombers were cred
tied with a direct hit on a japanese
transport and probable hit on a second
transport in an attack staged of the
Sumatra coast The hour of decision
for the Indies was fast approaching.
American fighter planes and bombers
aiding in the all-important battle for the
Indies took large hand Wednesday in
thrusting aside the Japanese assault in
Java direction. A squadron Of United
States fighters was credited with bring
Ing down four Japanese planes without
loss to themselves in an attack on an
Evening star., 1942-02-22


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Evening star., 1942-02-22
Civil Liberties Defined.

but typical cases covered by the popular
phrase include such varied matters as
freedom of speech, press, assembly and
ballot; freedom, from unreasonable
search and seizure; religious freedom;
artistic freedom; racial, labor, pacific and
alien rights.
The Justice Department comments
that perhaps their one. common char
acteristic is tendency to give rise to
charges, well or ill-founded, of conduct
offensive to moral or political ideals
stated in the Constitution"
Mr.. Biddle has taken realistic view
of the problem before him. He comedies
that some "vigilantism is perhaps inev-
table" under the stress of a great war
effort, but he adds:
'It is well worth noting that equally
inevitable is the retribution which awaits
both the enemies without and the. be-
trayers within our democracy. The Fed
eral Government is well prepared to deal
with vigilantism
Mr.. Biddle wants, as much as any
American wants. to win this war; and he
works at it as hard as, probably harder
than, most Americans, because he sees
broad goal:
"The United States is fighting not
alone for its land, but for Its principles
Of Justice and fair play"
Evening star., 1942-10-05
|S8, 100000 Sought
For Land Seizures
On Panama Highway
American Cluimunts Ask
Senate Committees Aid
In Obtoinine Credits
BY the Associated Press.

Attorneys for American claim
ants against the Republic Of Pan
anna appealed to q Senate Foreign
Relations Subcommittee today for
help In obtaining $500 900 for the
alleged appropriation of their prop
erty.
Roy G. Hackley, jr., attorney of
San Francisco, Calf, asked the SUBJ
committee in executive session, he
said, to make a proposed gift of
United States property to Panama
conditional on liquidation of the
claims.
President Roosevelt, in a message
last August 13, asked Congress to
authorize the conveyance to Pan
anna of the Colon and Panama City
water and sewerage systems, re-
linquishing of United States real
estate holdings In those cities and
liquidation of the Export Import
Banks $4,000, 900 credit for the con-
struction of Panama's share in the
Chorrera-Rio Hato Highway.
State Department representatives
appeared before the subcommittee
in support of the Presidents request,
under the 1899 treaty Of friendship
and cooperation with Panama, to
correct certain factors in the rela-
tions between the two countries
which do not make for confidence
and friendship between our two
countries"
Mr.. Hackley, estimating the pro-
posed "largess" at $4,000 900 to
SIS 5,000, 900, said he represented some
300 American citizens who, through
the 1sthmian Timber Co. in 1912,
bought 674 900 acres of Panama land
which was later appropriated.
Chairman Gillette, Democrat, OF
Iowa said the subcommittee prob
ably would decide on its recon-
mendation to the Committee on
Foreign Relations this week. The
House Foreign Affairs Committee
has recommended passage of the
legislation without amendment.
Evening star., 1942-10-05
Jersey Publishers Hear
Work Of A. P. Praised
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
NEW BRUNSWICK, N. j., Oct. 5.
james Kerney, jr., State director
of the Office Of Price Administra-
ton, today praised the work Of the
Associated Press as great public
service.
Referring to monopoly suit filed
against the Associated Press by the
Federal Government. Mr.. Kerney
told the 21st annual Newspaper In
stitute of the New Jersey Press As
sociation:
1T is wise to remember when the
Government tries to coerce the
largest news gathering body in the
world that it is a public service, not
q utility.
II look to the Associated Press as
q guide in the understanding of
world affairs"
Mr.. Kerney, who is editor and
publisher of the Trenton Times
newspapers, said: "Too often news
papers are looked upon as public
utilities. Newspapers are public serv-
ices, not public utilities"
The publishers will hear talk to-
night by Byron Price. director of the
Office of Censorship, on Newspapers
and the War"
Evening star., 1942-10-05
Builders Urged 10 Aid
D. {. Raid Wardens
Select Shelters
MiIehom Tells Group
1t Could PIoy VitoI
Role in Defense

William j. Mileham, chief air raid
warden Tor the District, today told
members of the Washington Build
ing Congress that they should give
air raid wardens here the benefit
of their experience.
Speaking at a luncheon at the
Mayfowel Hotel, Mr.. Mileham told
the congress members that as men
trained in the building trades they
coulo play vital part in aiding
wardens in setting up shelters in
the defense areas of the city.
There is no reason to believe
Washington will not be attacked"
Mr.. Mileham said. washington is
not only the Capital of the United
States but IS the Capital of the en-
tire civilized world, and we should
consider the psychological impor-
tance to the enemy Of an attack on
the District.
plans are being made, and this
is no secret" Mr.. Mileham said, "for
the evacuation OF Washington in the
event of an attack and air raid war
dens are surveying homes in outly-
ing areas as possible air raid shell
ters."
Mr.. Mileham explained that in
the event of aerial attack on Wash
ington in excess of 10 tons of metal
per minute would drop back on
the city from anti-aircraft fire. He
said homes may not give adequate
protection against direct bomb hits,
but would protect pedestrians from
this deluge of metal.
Referring to psychological sabo-
tage, Mr.. Mileham told the builders
they could aid their wardens in
allaying rumors which might in
jure the war effort.
Taking Office today as new presi-
dent Of the organization, Leon
Chatelain, jr., said the congress stood
ready to give every possible assist
ance in the war emergency. Other
officers include Claude w. Owen,
Charles H. Tompkins and Irwin S.
Porter, vice presidents; Thomas w.
Marshall, secretary, and w. A. H.
Church, treasurer.
Evening star., 1942-10-05
William 0. Lyddane Dies;
Iona District Resident

William o. Lyddane, 81. died un-
expectedly at his home, 1920 Under
wood street NV, yesterday morning.
A native of Bethesda, Md, Mr.. Lyd-
dane had been a resident of the
District for the past 80 years. He
was employed as cashier for Mer-
chants Transfer g. Storage Co.
He is survived by three children,
Margaret H., Mary Elizabeth and
William o. Lyddane, jr.: two BROTH
ers, Charles B. Lyddane, New York,
and Kenneth Lyddane, Rockville,
Md, and one sister, Mrs. Margaret
L. Houck, Arlington, Va.
Funeral services will be conducted
by the Rev. Calvin Wingert. pastor
of the Grace Reformed Church,
tomorrow at IL am. at the Under
wood address.
Burial will be in George Washing
ton Memorial Park.
Evening star., 1942-10-05
Food Measures Announced
For Virqins, Puerto Rico
By the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
Cooperative, emergency measures
to guarantee adequate food supplies
at reasonable prices in Puerto Rico
and the Virgin Islands were an
nounced jointly today by the De-
partments of Agriculture and IN
terror.
Under the plan. the War Shipping
Administration will arrange for
shipment of foodstuffs, fertilizer and
seed to che islands. Civilian needs OF
Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands
can not now be met through ordi-
nary commercial cargo movements,
the joint announcement said, be-
cause Of "curtailed shipping space
and the shortage Of escort vessels
for civilian supplies"
The plan, worked out by Gov
Rexford Tugwell of Puerto Rico,
calls for preparation Of lists Of need
ed foodstuffs, fertilizer and seed for
the two areas by the Agriculture
Marketing Administration.
The list will be submitted to VISA,
and upon approval by the Interior
Department, VISA will arrange for
the shipments, advising depart
mental ofhcials Of the cargo space
availabls. the shipping port and the
tonnage which can be handed.
Evening star., 1942-10-05
Russia
Continued From First Page.)

termined to aid Soviet Russia
In every possible way.
Asked about Soviet Premier
Joseph Stalin's statement to the
Associated Press indicating dissat-
isfaction with the measure of aid
thus far extended by the United
States and Britain, Mr.. Welles told
his press conference it was hardly
necessary to say it was the inten-
ton of the Government to give
every possible assistance to the
Soviet armies and that such aid
was being given to the extent hu-
manly possible.
Mr.. Welles, In reply to questions
about the speech of Marshal Goer-
ing, in which the German leader
said Germans would be fed even
If the rest of Europe starved, said
the speech shows the people of
occupied nations what they have
to expect from the Nazis. He added
ironically he thought there was
hardly person in all Germany
who could make such remarks about
food with less grace than the portly
No. 2 Nazi.
Movement of some 130, 900 French
workers to factory jobs In Germany,
Mr.. Welles said, means that thou
sands Of Frenchmen will be forced
to 60 to Germany to work as slaves.
Evening star., 1942-10-05
Fortress
Continued From First Page.)

the rest of his crew for the first
time when they stepped into the
plane.
I'VE had just crossed the target
when trouble started" he related.
Il suddenly heard shouts from every
quarter of the plane, here they
GOMEZ"
about 40 FW-1s0s, including
some from Goering's Yellow Nose
squadron, jumped us"
Attacked from all sides, the For
tress guns blazed back. Bou-
thillier's oxygen mask broke away
from his face and he slipped to the
floor unconscious. Purcell leaped to
take his place at the gun, which
Jammed, but by the time he got it
cleared cannon shell cut his oxy-
gen tube and he, too, became un-
conscious.
Then two cannon shells knocked
a motor out and the Fortress began
losing altitude.
I started a long glide to save the
lives Of the radio men, as we were
too high to go without oxygen, y
Faine said.
AT this point an. anti-aircraft
ripped hole in the wing and the
rudder and stabilizer were damaged.
Il was SO busy shooting at those
German fighters coming up at us
that I didn't notice anything, !"
Taucher said. When he landed he
found bullet holes inches from his
head and between his legs.
Another burst of cannon fire in
side the Fortress knocked out some
controls and Paine said the craft
almost went out of control.
Nose Wouldn't Go Down.
"The ships nose wouldn't 60
down." he said. I'VE had to stand
up in our seats and push forward
with all our might. Then the ship
slowly nosed down."
Nearing the coast, an anti-air-
craft shell hit the plane and a can
non shell from a German fighter
scored a direct hit on the upper tur-
ret, cutting Coburn's head badly.
Blinded by blood, Coburn kept fir
ing back until he fell unconscious
between the two pilots.
A second motor went out over the
channel and Sheeder was wounded
slightly by a shell which hit the ball
turret. Peterson also was wounded
but continued the battle.
Finally the Germans gave up the
chase In mid-channel and Paine
made for the nearest airfield, scarce
ly a third of the size required for a
Fortress to land on.
Paine saw q larger field and made
for it, coming down in a belly land
ing.
Except for Coburn, who is In the
hospital. the rest Of the crew re-
turned to duty today.
Evening star., 1942-10-05
Community War Fund
A,141,000 Goal Held
Challenge 10 Capital
Wilmer and McNutt ToIk
At Keynote Luncheon
Of Advance Gifts Unit :
Earlier Story on Page B-1.)

Earlier Story on Page B-1.)
The Community War Fund goal of
$4,141, 900 for 100 agencies here con-
stitutes challenge" to Washing
ton, world Capital" which must
be met, according to several speakers
at the keynote luncheon of the Ad-
vance Gifts Unit of the War Fund
today at the Willard Hotel.
Hitler's campaign for German re-
lief funds based on fear of the
bayonet and concentration camp"
will no doubt be a success, Richard
H. Wilmer, chairman of the Ad-
vance Gifts Unit told the committee
members who filled the ballroom.
"We Of the free countries are chal-
lenging Hitler on the battlefield, in
economics and elsewhere" he added.
"Let us challenge him in this field.
I want to see an overwhelming vic
tory. I am sure we will have it,"
Paul v. McNutt, War Manpower
Commission chairman, emphasized
that social security payments were
not enough "to satisfy human
need" He called on Washington to
conserve manpoWer here, by uniting
all effort on this one drive and by
going over the top, to set an example
for the capitals of the world.
Miss Helen Hayes, vice president
of the American Theater Wing, Inc,
told of opening of the Stage Door
Canteen here and turned over a
check for $500 from the ATW to
the local war fund. Miss jeanette
Macdonald, who was given an ova-
ton in benefit performance here
recently, turned over to the fund
$130 she had collected from persons
to whom she had presented her
autograph.
Bruce r. Allen, chairman of the
Committee on THE War Fair" in
vited all to the fair at Uline's Arena
October % to 80 for an exhibit
of work of agencies in the war fund
and entertainment.
All were advised by Mrs. Walter
Bruce Howe, presiding. to listen
to President Roosevelt on the radio
at 10:30 o'clock tonight in his ad-
dress opening war fund drives
throughout the country. The first
advance gifts report luncheon will
be held at 1890 pm. Friday at the
Willard Hotel.
Evening star., 1942-10-05
Dead Soldiers Mother
Books Citizenship Bill
By the Associated Press.

0s tne ASs0cisteu FEeSs.
BOSTON, Oct. 5.-An enemy alien
whose son was killed at Pearl Har-
Dor received = travel permit from
United States Attorney Edmund j..
Brandon today so she could 60 to
Washington to urge passage Of q
pending naturalization bill, which
would provide for immediate citi-
zenship for parents Of members Of
the United States armed forces.
The permit was issued to Mrs.
Joseph Mastrotodaro OF Worcester,
whose son, Maurice. 10, : member
Of the Navy, was the first worcester
man to be killed In the war,
Evening star., 1942-10-05
Eviction
Continued From First Page.)

Robert G. Weston, local accountant,
because his wife had given birth to
a third child and his family thus ex-
ceded by one the maximum for
two-bedroom apartment
Such action by the MANAGEMENT,
1t was learned meanwhile, is in direct
contradiction of the Interpretation
placed on Mr. Weston's tenancy
agreement by the National Rent
Control Office.
Different in Wartime.
Paul Porter, deputy administrator
In charge of rent, said he had writ
ten the land attorney of the Rent
Control Office in Arlington to this
effect and had instructed him to
participate in behalf of the tenant in
case Mr.. Weston brought proceed
ings in a test case in the Virginia
courts.
Mr.. Porter said it was his opinion
that, under ordinary circumstances,
q lease arrangement such as that
offered Mr.. Weston, subject Of
course to local law, presents a
condition of doubtful public policy"
"In time of war in defense rental
areas" he continued, I'VE think
such arrangements are clearly con-
trary to the public interest"
The administrator said he had
made no final determination as to
the rent control Offices power to
act, but he felt certain the rent
control office would have the power
to prevent inclusion of the clause
In a lease If it did not exist before
the maximum rent date. which in
the case of the local area is January
!, 1941.
No Violation of Obligation.
In an opinion concerning the Wes-
ton case sent the land attorney, Mr..
Porter said it seemed clear there had
been no violation of the obligation
before the expected child was born.
"The house rules provide" he
pointed out, that the landloard will
permit an apartment to be occupied
by a family where there are more
than two occupants to full-sized
bedroom. Possibly this could be
construed as an obligation on the
part of the tenant not to have more
than two occupants to bedroom.
However. subsequent language in
the above quoted house rule indi-
Gates that the birth of a child
would not be a violation of this
obligation even though thereafter
there will be three persons In one
of the bedrooms. At most, this
language indicates that the land
lord would not renew the tenants
lease at its expiration where a third
child had been born. This does not
constitute an obligation Of the
tenant"
Mr.. Weston said today that he
did not plan to fight the case in
the courts. As a temporary solu-
ton to the problem, he has sent his
eldest child, 4h-year -old Robert,
jr, to live with his grandparents
In Washington.