davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1942-04-30
HELP MEN.
PART-TTME WORKERS WITH
DRAFT EXEMPTION
NIGHT WORK.
WATERS. COLORED.

Local Arm can use 2 men between 6
and g: prefer men employed or students
Sales experience helpful. but not necessary
Box 1S-A. Star
Evening star., 1942-04-30

AID. g.h,w.. care of child; live in; good
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1942-12-24
owl chorf Shows
Strikes Lowest
In Five Years
By Federated Press

WASHINGTON, Dec. 22-The
Office of War Information has is
sued a strike chart which shows
that man-days of idleness due to
strikes on all industry have dropped
during year of war to almost
zero. 1t is the lowest level in the
last five years.
Men in industry numbered 30,-
$4,000 as a monthly average in
1887. In the first 10 months in
1912 this figure was 36, ,621 900. Yet
man days of idleness through
strikes fell from an average of
S2,369, 900 to $4,000.
Days lost through strikes this
year are only 28ec of the average
for the last five years of peace,
though monthly employment was
up 119fo over that period.
Percentage of time lost in war
industry strikes since Pearl Harbor
was never over one-tenth of 19e of
the number of days worked.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1942-12-24
HOao Company
Unions Work

BAYTOWN, Tex.-Replacement
of male workers by women has
reached the janitorial division of
the big Baytown refinery of
Humble Oil Co., Standard Oil sub
sidiary, with the company union
making an agreement to pay the
women 500 a month compared to
the $197 paid male janitors.
The Baytown Employees Fedora
ton, holding the bargaining rights
here, announced it had negotiated
wages for the women.
In a circular distributed by the
CIO Oil Workers Organizing Cam
paign, it was pointed out that the
Humble Company is paying Sl57
for Negro janitors at the refinery,
adding that Humble recognizes no
color line when it comes to getting
work done cheaper"
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1942-12-24
Submarine
Vet IS Is
BY Federated Press

NEW YORK, Dec. PA veteran
seaman stood before a microphone
here Dec. 20 and talked to his
mother in far off Edinburgh, Scot
land.
The broadcast was arranged by
the Natl. Maritime Union (CIO)
or ist youngest member-15-year-
old Fulton McKellican-who has
been sailing in sub-infested waters
for full year.
The youngest of seven children,
Fulton worked in the Scottish
mines for six months before he
finally shipped out on a Norwegian
vessel last Christmas eve as a
messboy.
When Fulton landed in New York
recently, he headed straight for
NMU headquarters and joined its
Pan American Division.
Fulton told reporters that he
shipped out because he wants to
help smash the Axis and he wants
to see the world.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1942-12-24
co-ops To Be Major
Postwar Factor

NEW YORK-Cooperative meth
DDS of distribution will be major
postwar factor in United States
economy, Retailing Magazine tells
it's readers in the December issue.
"No glance at some of the post
war d distri bu t ion potentialities
would be complete without at least
a look-in on very old movement
which, stimulated by recent devel-
opments, continues to make note
worthy new gains-consumer CO.
operatives" Earl Lifshey writes in
the magazine.
"There are those among the mer-
chandising fraternity who are care
fully watching tn co-ops !. They
are not sure but that il it they see
a dark horse of very considerable
proportions-and opportunities.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1942-12-24
Unions Make
Record in ~
Win Most NLRB
Elections During Year
By Federnted Presa

BY Federated Press
WASHINGTON, Dec. 22-Or-
ganizing of the unorganized has
made tremendous strides in a year
spanning 10 months of war, NLRB
elections for the year ending Sept.
80 reveal, the Labor Relations Re-
porter of Dec. z says.
1t is published by the Bureau of
National Affairs.
The NLRB conducted 3,629 cleo
tions embracing 1858 employees.
Elections were 1920 more numer-
Gus than in the previous year, and
more than all the elections con-
Quoted by the NLRB in the first
five of its seven years of work.
CIO unions took part in more
polls and won higher percentage
of elections than they had in either
of the previous two years. AFL
unions showed a slight drop from
their l94l returns IN contests won.
approximating their records Of
1910.
Of the total, CIO unions won
1851 elections or 42.7fc, while AFL
unions won 1900, or 1910. Unaf-
filiated unions won 80, or $3.50.
Unions were rejected in $50, or
14,69o of the elections. Thirty-eight
were indeterminate.
Of the ballots cast, the CIO
polled 492,307, or 51.2Go. AFL
unions polled 1873, ,28O, or 1857. Un-
affiliated unions polled 1851 or
1920. Votes against unions were
174,905, or 1917.
Industries in which the largest
number Of elections took place were
in order, iron and steel, machinery,
food, textiles, electrical equipment
and mining. The United Mine
Workers (unaffiliated) were at
that time within the CIO and so
counted.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1942-12-24
U. s. Makes And
Breaks Ceilings

SAN ANTONIO-Even the Natl.
Housing Authority, it appears here,
has fallen under the spell of the
price-raising mania. A chorus of
tenant protests is rising against
recently imposed rent increases in
San Antonio's 4 federal housing
projects-constructed as so-caIled
low rent housing.
Rents were raised despite the
OPA action in ordering all rents
frozen at March, 1912, levels. So
far, protests have fallen on deaf
ears.
Recently Toledo had difficulty
due to raising rents in Brand Whit
lock homes.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1942-12-24
Quits Thankless
OPA Post

WASHINGTON. -(FP)-
Pres. RooseSelt Dec. II con-
firmed reports that Price Ad-
ministrator Leon Henderson
was resigning and made pub
lie correspondence in which he
thanked him for his ardent devo-
ton to a thankless task.
In Baltimore, where he appeared
on a radio program that night
Henderson told reporters that he
was resigning to take a much
needed rest and treatment for a
back injury.
Persistent reports that Senator
Prentiss Brown, Democrat, Michi-
gan, would be appointed as chief
of the Office of Price Administra-
ton appeared confirmed, unless the
President, as he has done at times,
changed candidates at the last min
ute.
Henderson met late in the day
with department heads and a few
staff members of OPA, Federated
Press learned, and told them of his
Deny Resignation
resignation. The Presidents an
nouncement came later.
Only a few days earlier, OPA
spokesman had denied that Hender-
son would resign, saying, "He's not
a gutter" and Henderson had on
various occasions told Congress
that he would not be gunned out
of his job.
Obviously affected by the job of
telling his associates he was leav-
ing, he told them in effect that
there was too much at stake for
him to do otherwise if stepping
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1942-12-24
Workers Demand
LuGuordiu Act

NEW YORK, Dec. 23-The next
move is up to Mayor F. H. La
Guardia. Following a Natl. War
Labor Board decision that it could
not intervene in the dispute be-
tween the Transport Workers
Union (CIO) and the city, the
TWU executive board demanded
Dec. II that the mayor resume ne
gotiations Immediately on its 1870
wage increase request.
The TWU resolution said: "The
Transport Workers Union has al
ways desired and sought peace
full solution Of its differences with
the Board of Transportation. It's
appeal to the Natl. War Labor
Board is a testimonial to that
fact -.
Having combatted and success
fully resisted the intervention of
the NWLB, the responsibility rests
squarely on the shoulders of the
mayor of the City of New York and
the Board of Transportation to re-
the Transport Workers Union with
sumo negotiations Immediately with
a view to arriving at a settlement
that will be fair to the employees,
fair to the people of the City of
New York and fair to our nation,
which is fighting for its very
life y
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1942-12-24
The Washington
Scene
By VIRGINIA GARDNER
By Federated Press
CRITICIZES L. s. CREWS

IhI IC1LES L. >. CREWS
To the families Of the almost
5000 seamen Of the marchant
marine, virtually all of them union
men, who are dead and missing as
war casualties, it may seem strange
that a man can count it a bitter
loss that ship he owns is tor
pedoed.
Addressing the annual dinner of
his advertising staff and guests in
Chicago, Dec. 10, Col. Robert r.
Mccormick, Publisher Of the Chi
cago Tribune, told Of the loss to
the Quebes & Ontario Paper Co,
Tribune-owned, when one of its
ships was torpedoed off the coast
Of Cuba.
Il am sorry to say the crew did
not behave well" said the publisher
Of the newspaper he calls the
worlds greatest, which the recent
CIO convention called disruptive
and appeaser.
The merchant crews of the
United States are no credit to our
nation" said the diseredited pub
Usher. "They abandoned the ship"
YOUR CHRISTMAS CHEER
From the Office of Price Admin
istration comes the news that bot
tied egg nog and Tom and Jerry
batter have been removed from the
general price regulation. Reason:
it was discovered that "few if any
sales we're made Of these products
during the March 1912 base Pc
Rod"
Well, well. And here comes the
War Production Board with a sheaf
Of printed reasons why "the pro-
vision Of limitation order LILO
concerning the packaging of rolls
Of toilet paper was relaxed by the
Director General Of Operations"
The gist of it, anyway, is that the
order was too stringent for cases
that have to be shipped overseas"
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1942-12-24

NEW YORK-Hearings on the
feasibility of establishing a 40 cent
hourly minimum in the pen and
pencil manufacturing industry will
be held Jan. y before Maj. Robert
NJ. Campbell here, the Wage-Hour
Division said Dec. u.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1942-12-24

BROOKLYN, N. Y.-Scrap suf-
ficient to make steel for construc-
tion of one battleship, one heavy
cruiser, one repair ship and eight
destroyers was collected by mem
bers of the Industrial Union of Ma
rine & Shipbuilding Workers (CIO)
in the Greater New York yards Of
Todd Shipyards Corp.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1942-12-24
Do Wages Cause
Initiation !?
BY Scott Nearing
By Federated Press
Tan@A IfI.xs0

What Causes Initiation?
Many words have been spoken
and written about labor and labor
organizations being responsible for
pushing up wages, and thereby
furthering initiation. Anti-labor
commentators and columnists have
been particularly noisy on this sub
ject.
The assumption is that workers
are receiving more wages for a
given amount of product and there
by helping to force up prices. In
short, the anti-unionists claim that
workers are getting more wages
for the same amount of work.
The total wages bill of the coun-
try has gone up rapidly. For ex-
ample, manufacturers p ayrolls
(wages and salaries) on the basis
of 1923-25 as 100, stood at 163 in
September, 1941, and at 215 in
August, 1912. 1t is to this total
wages bill that the labor haters
like to point. But they fail to re-
port several important items:
Production Figures
/. There are more workers at
work. With the average for 1889
as 100, the number of wage earn
ers in all industries was 139 in
October, 1941, and 155 in October,
1912. Many unemployed have been
absorbed. Numbers of women have
taken wage-paying jobs.
2. Workers are working longer
hours than they did two years ago.
Average weekly hours in all fac
tories were Al in September, 1941,
and AZ in September 1912, and
much higher in war plants. The
longer work day results in larger
earnings. 1t also turns out more
production.
3. The productivity of labor has
increased. Just how general this
increase may be it is hard to saw,
but in airplane, shipbuilding and
other key industries, production
per-labor-hour has risen.
4. The total amount of produc-
ton has increased. The Federal
Reserve Index of Industrial Pro-
duction, based on 1859 as 100,
stood at 161 in September, 1941,
and 185 in September, 1912. The
figure for durable manufactures
was 205 in September, 1941, and
266 or September, 1912.
The wages total of roller bear
ing plant may double within the
year, but if the plant has doubled
its product, the labor cost per bear
ing has remained the same.
Figures on average hourly earn
ings in 80 industries, published by
the U. S. Department of Labor,
show for September, 1941, 76c
hourly; August, 1912, 86c hourly,
or 1870 increase. Hourly earn
ings for the same month were 8Sc
and 97c for iron and steel; SOC and
CSC for lumber; S5c and 96c for
machinery; SIC and 95c for nom
ferrous metals; SAC and 94c for
chemicals; 66c and 73c for food:
63c and 79c for leather; 83c and
90c for paper and printing; SIC
and CSC for textiles; 76c and SIC
for construction labor; and 73c
and 83c for railways.
There are some variations in
these wage rates, but on the whole
they are surprisingly uniform. In
most cases the increase in hourly
earnings is less than the increased
cost of living.
There are inflationary factors
aplenty in the United States, but
so far as the figures for the past
year show, the earnings of work
ers are not among them.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1942-12-24

NEW YORK (FP) - Senator
George w. Norris will make his
final public appearance as a mem
Der of Congress here Dec. % as
guest at a dinner in his honor
given by the Union for Democratic
Action and The Nation.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1942-12-24

CHATTANOOGA, Tenn Every
member of "a AFL and CIO local
unions pledged to give days pay
to the Greater Chattanooga War
Fund. Instead of giving through
the employer, Chattanooga union
lists insisted on giving through their
locals.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1942-12-24
Food SHORTAGE
Hits Country
Delay in Rationing
Seen as Cause
BY John Dunn
BY Federated Press

A scarcity of beef in Texas,
greatest cattle-raising state in the
union !. +, virtual butter famine in
Milwaukee in the heart of the ma
tion's biggest dairy area . horse
meat in butcher shops Of Boston
no meat at all in San Fran
cisco.
All this and more has been
brought on by the failure of the
Federal Government to listen to
the CIO and AFL, which weeks
ago urged democratic rationing as
a vital part of overall economic
planning.
A Federated Press survey of
major American cities and war
centers reveals that serious scar
city of food and clothing exists.
The facts reported by FP CORE
spondents from coast to coast are
borne out in similar surveys made
by such conservative organs as
The New York Herald Tribune and
the Wall Street Journal.
And even greater shortages can
be expected soon unless the Govern
ment begins universal rationing at
once, says a Wall Street Journal
story of Dec. Ia based on informa-
ton from department stores and
other retail outlets. Federated
Press correspondents report the
situation as follows:
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1942-12-24
Henderson Resigns as
Price Administrator


and price-control program from the
attacks of the reactionaries in Con-
gress, FP was informed.
He told them that Senator
Brown, who was defeated when he
remained in Washington during
the campaign to wage the fight for
the Administrations anti-inflation
bill, would succeed him and assured
them that Brown would carry out
established OPA policies and de-
served their full support.
Political Pay-Off
Brown has been a consistent sup
porter of the Administration and
has been friendly to labor and in
general supported labor's position.
Henderson, on the other hand,
earned the enmity of labor by his
exceedingly vocal concern over
wages. An emissary he sent to the
first aircraft stabilization confer
ence last summer succeeded in
breaking it up, moreover.
He has been criticized by both
the AFL and CIO for being too
tough in public speeches only,
while he was too timid to establish
a thorough system of rationing
overall essentials in which short
ages threatened. Although the
War Production Board had the
say-so in what was to be rationed
now in the hands of Food Ad-
ministrator Claude Wickard-Hen-
derson sanctioned diliy-dallying.
Nevertheless, the anti-labor, anti
Administration forces in Congress
have been the most potent forces
in the movement to supplant Hen
drson. They were joined by some
outright appeasers who used the
organized gasoline rationing revolt
in an effort to create disunity.
Henderson Misses Boat
All too late, Henderson realized
that his logical ally in the looming
fight with Congress was organized
labor. 1t was reliably reported to
FP that only a week ago he called
together some of his laDor-policy
division people to meet at his home
one evening and map out a cam
paign to cooperate with labor in a
campaign to save the rationing pro-
gram, price control and rent con-
troll.
Meanwhile, much hopeful specu-
lating that Brown will not espouse
a big-stick policy but will work for
a voluntary system of rationing is
being done by anti-Administration
forces and was echoed in the Wash
ington Times-Herald.
Brown has said that he consid-
cred the rationing procedures too
harsh. Labor representatives. con-
fidently predict, however, that he
will be guided entirely by Admin
istration policy and the wide public
support which is possible for or
ganized labor to enlist for a real
win-the-war program of complete
price control and rationing.
In this fight labor will be aided
by having the spectacle of Hender-
sons failure to stem the reaction
ary tide by appeasement, to point
to. With each gesture on his part
of giving way to business-as-usual
demands, the hue and cry from Con-
gress became bolder.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1942-12-24

Z
ton from department stores and
other retail outlets. Federated
Press correspondents report the
situation as follows:
STON: Sixty thousand
pounds of horse meat sold in two
weeks as beef ran out. Newspapers
attack OPA and rationing and at
same time publish stories that pub
lie likes horse lesh.
NEW YORK: Beef has disap-
peared from low-price chain stores.
Shortages exist in canned fruit and
vegetables, dried peas and beans,
canned milk, fresh vegetables,
cheese, spices. Towels, sheets, ra-
dios, toasters, lamps and steel toys
may not be available by Jan. 1.
PHILADELPHIA Shortages
exist in all food items except ce-
reals, dried beans, peas, chickens,
pork and eggs. Practically no veal
or beef for weeks.
PITTSBURGH: Dried fruits are
no longer available. Beef has vir-
tually disappeared. Lamb scarce.
Pork still plentiful.
AKRON: Price chiseling ram
pant in chain and independent
stores. Scarcities apparent in ba-
sic foods.
CLEVELAND: Meat shortages
acute and growing worse. Canned
goods scarce and butter is not OBJ
tainable in many stores.
d f T r OF T: Facing meatless
Christmas. Butter supply 500 of
normal. Clothing plentiful. Sheets,
towels scarce.
CHICAGO: Stores find it inn
possible to keep enough canned
fruit and vegetable juices on their
shelves. Butter sales restricted to
one pound a customer. Flour sup
ply getting low. Sheets, yard
goods scarce.
MILWAUKEE,: Quarter-pound
of butter is limit in all stores;
housewives reporting no butter in
many stores. Much resentment
against failure to put labor and
consumers on rationing boards.
HOUSTON: Much chiseling on
prices here, in San Antonio, Aus
tin, Corpus Christi and Beaumont.
Pork and bacon as we'll as beef
scarce. Plenty of fish. Supplies of
flashlights, needles, electric irons,
many other goods virtually ex-
hausted.
SAN FRANCISCO: Except for
nylon stockings, no clothing crisis
yet. But food is another story. No
beef for two weeks and no pork for
another week. No butter. No ham.
No bacon. No more whipping
cream, milk scarce.
LOS ANGELES: This area
faces a virtually meatless holiday
season. CIO Council calls for i'm
mediate rationing. oarding
mounts. Area still one of greatest
food-producing centers, but because
of higher prices elsewhere food is
shipped out.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1942-12-24

LOS ANGELES: This area
faces virtually meatless holiday
season. CIO Council calls for i'm
mediate rationing. oardin e
mounts. Area still one of greatest
food-producing centers, but because
of higher prices elsewhere food is
shipped out.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1942-12-24

SAN FRANCISCO: Except for
nylon stockings, no clothing crisis
yet. But food is another story. No
beef for two weeks and no pork for
another week. No butter. No ham.
No bacon. No more whipping
cream, milk scarce.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1942-12-24

OSTON: Sixty thousand
pounds of horse meat sold in two
weeks as beef ran out. Newspapers
attack OPA and rationing and at
same time publish stories that pub
lie likes horse lesh.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1942-12-24

HOUSTON: Much chiseling on
prices here, in San Antonio, Aus
tin, Corpus Christi and Beaumont.
Pork and bacon as we'll as beef
scarce. Plenty of fish. Supplies of
flashlights, needles, electric irons,
many other goods virtually ex-
hausted.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1942-12-24

MILWAUKEE: Quarter-pound
of butter is limit in all stores;
housewives reporting no butter in
many stores. Much resentment
against failure to put labor and
consumers on rationing boards.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1942-12-24

NEW YORK: Beef has disap-
peared from low-price chain stores.
Shortages exist in canned fruit and
vegetables, dried peas and beans,
canned milk, fresh vegetables.
cheese, spices. Towels, sheets, ra-
dios, toasters, lamps and steel toys
may not be available by Jan. 1.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1942-12-24

CHICAGO: Stores find it inn
possible to keep enough canned
fruit and vegetable juices on their
shelves. Butter sales restricted to
one pound a customer. Flour sup
ply getting low. Sheets, yard
goods scarce.
Toledo union journal. [volume] (Toledo, Ohio) 1942-current, 1942-12-24

DE TR OFT: Facing meatless
Christmas. Butter supply 500 of
normal. Clothing plentiful. Sheets,
towels scarce.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-05-05
Nv KEN HALL

Salvage for Victory" is the slo
gan OF the Wayne County Council
OF Defense for its drive 10 Obtain
100 per cent cooperation OF De
iroit's citizenry in saving ever,
scrap Of metal. paper. rubber snC
rags 10 help Uncle Sam win tho
war.
Chairman Edwin j. Anderson, il
q statement. says
approximately IS per cent of
all paper used In Michigan used
10 be burned or discarded and
never returned TO production
now we should save 100 per
cent"
He urged that corrugated paper
be saved as one of the biggest eS-
SCntialS OF this war effort. saying
lin saving the corrugated and
brown craft papers, II II a good
idea To natten out the boxes and
Neartons and tie them In bundles.
Cartons, boxes and paper bags
should all be saved along with
old newspapers and magazines.
A call 10 RA. S2S2 will bring
representative of some charita-
BILE organization Ia your home
90 pick up these things. There
are several of them. including
Volunteers of America, Goodwill
Industries, Salvation Army, ST.
Vincent De Paul Society and the
Society Of Good NeighbOrs."
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-05-05
EXPECT S5 PLEDGES

Franklin Settlements Kit for
Soldier Drive" is well under way
under the direction of the Fidelis
Feminae Club. II is expected that
pledges will be forthcoming from
each OF the 35 senior boys and
girls of the settlement.
The idea originated with three
girls of the group, who sscertained
that what. the soldiers needed the
most are sewing kits, this knowl-
edge coming as something Of a
surprise. Now. through the cam
paign, all of the IS Franklin Set
tiement boys in the service will be
given kits.
CSO soon will start a national
drive TO raise S32,000.000 1t is
expected that Michigan will play
an important part in the cam