davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1942-03-08
European Front

While the Russians continued to forge
ahead, the British last week tried an
experiment. They sent bombing raid
over France to attack the Renault fac
tory at Billancourt, on the outskirts of
Paris, factory which is on triple shift
to make goods of war for the Germans.
More than $500 persons were killed and
wounded. The government at Vichy,
which has no authority in occupied Paris,
expressed its deep Indignation. Some
speculated whether the bombing would
have political effects. That remains to
be seen. Besides Billancourt, these towns
were struck: Clamart, Issy Les Null
neeux, Vile Juif, Mount Rouge, Neuilly,
Vesinet. Peco and Sevres.
Evening star., 1942-03-08

The eastern seaboard of the United
States continues to be the front line in
the Atlantic war. The Nazi U-boats
bring the war almost on to our shores.
The prize loss was the destroyer Jacob
Jones, sent down off Cape May, N. j..
with the loss of more than 100 lives. The
vessel carried the same name as the
only American destroyer sunk by a sub
marine during the World War.
Three submarines combined their
striking power to sink the American
freighter Marore off Cape Hatteras, N c.
They crippled the ship with one torpedo
and riddled her from stem to stern with
100 shells. The crew of 80 escaped and
were brought to Norfolk.
Over the submarine-infested waters to
Europe American troopships Travelled
safely and landed several thousand SOL
diers in Northern Ireland, where forces
from the U. S. A. already are stationed.
Evening star., 1942-03-08
Knox
Continued From Page BID

miles out to sea, to Americas stronghold
in Hawaii. Within week after Japan
had launched her attack on Pearl Har-
bor Col Knox was back in Washington.
He brought with him a complete report
to the President. The essentials OF this
report he made public through the press.
That report was later corroborated by
the Roberts Board of Inquiry, sent to
the islands by the President to place re-
sponsibility for the disaster and to report
on the facts of the attack.
Pearl Harbor Survey.
Col. Knox said in his report that one
battleship, the Arizona. had been de-
stroyed, along with the Utah, an old tar
get ship; three destroyers and mine
layer, and that the Oklahoma, another
battleship, had capsized, and number
of other ships had been damaged, some
slightly, and others would require months
before being ready for service. Since
then, from other sources, rumors have
come OF the destruction Of nine capital
ships and many other craft. These
rumors have filtered through Washing
ton like water through sieve.
Some of the rumors regarding the
disaster were that the drydock and other
facilities for the repair Of vessels had
been destroyed at Pearl Harbor. This
was untrue.
Since he became Secretary Of the
Navy, Col Knox has seen vital changes
made in the Navy setup. In the past
the chief of naval operations ran the
whole show Now Admiral King has
complete command of all the naval YES
sells at sea, and Admiral Stark, chief OF
naval operations, has charge Of all the
other operations, including naval bases
and naval posts. To Admiral Robinson
mas been intrusted procurement" for
the Navy, and he is cooperating closely
with the w. P. B.
Col Knox gets along well with the
admirals. When it comes to naval oper-
ations and strategy, he regards them as
essentially the responsibility of the
naval experts. He leaves them in their
hands In the matter of administration
of the Navy Department, Col. Knox
keeps his hand constantly on the con-
trolls. He has virtually created sta
tistical division in the department.
which is proving its value in many ways.
The gallantry of the men in the Navy,
officers and enlisted men. is particular
pride of the Secretary of the Navy. 1t
was this gallantry which brought the
men at Pearl Harbor into effective &C
tion-despite the fact that the surprise
air attack was devastatingly heavy. And
it was the guns of the Navy which drove
off third attack of Japanese planes that
day, with never bomb reaching an
objective.
Secretary Knox visited Pearl Harbor
more than year before the attack was
made by Japan. 1t Ids after that he
wrote his letter to Secretary Of War
Stimson, calling attention to the posi-
bility of an air attack by Japan on
the islands.
Evening star., 1942-03-08

The average American is concerned
as perhaps never before with the shape
of things to come He wants to know
what is going to happen to him day
after tomorrow and the day after that
He's been told a great many things,
most Of them unpleasant, so that now
he doesn't know quite what to believe.
The truth is that no one, not even
the heads of war production here in
Washington, can know how deep and
how far-reachihg are the inroads which
the war is certain to make on normal
life Total war is so new to America,
that it would be rash to prophesy
where or how far it may cut into our
ordinary, comfortable existence.
But some things can be foreseen
with reasonable certainly. Already we
know that we are to be hit in number
of places and hard! The following is
summary of the latest information here
in Washington on what the war is
likely to mean to the average citizen in
this first year. 1t comes from variety
of Government agencies old and new,
from off the record conversation with
officials as we'll as from announcements
and releases.
Curtailment and rationing of cloth
ing and food are already here. About 40
per cent of our wool has come from
Australia, and Pacific sea lanes are
difficult to maintain. The necessary wool
to make uniforms for an army of 1000
900 and fo~ a greatly expanded Navy is
cutting de, p into civilian supply Ra-
tioning, which will further limit the
supply to consumers. is expected soon.
The Govern nent a month ago ordered
the supply ,ailable to civilians reduced
by 80 per Mt.
Mems Clothing to Change.
Clothing manufacturers and tailors
have agreed to cut down on mems
clothing in order to conserve wool.
Lapels are to be shortened or abolished.'
Vests are on the way out. Trousers may
be shorter, and there will be no more
tvo-pants suits A new victory suit has
been designed which embodies these
changes
Women's styles are certain to be SIM
plified and there will in all probability
be fewer style changes. The elastic
girdle has disappeared until rubber is
again available. Chemical and metal
shortages are expected to curtail resort
to beauty shops, and bobby pins and
metal curriers' are already disappearing
from the counters
Women will walk more and therefore
a modification of the extreme high heel
can be expected While no order is con-
templated as yet, within a foreseeable
time sizes and colors of shoes are GER
tain to be limited by special order so
that the choice, for men and women,
will be between few standard and
sensible styles.
Sugar has already been rationed but
Evening star., 1942-03-08

armament. On top of that We have
to think of our own fighting forces.
BY the end of this year we shall have to
equip some 100000 Americans with the
best available war material.
We have set a goal OF $4,000 planes
this year; whether it is possible to at
tain that production in the next 10
months is a question which only the
heads of our war production can answer.
Furthermore, it appears that in COM
putting the figure of $1,000 planes this
year possible losses, which may be heavy
in the months to come, have not been
taken into consideration for the simple
reason that we cannot visualize what
they may be- Our output. on the basis
of our present rate OF operation, would
be more than ample for the American
Army alone, but it is doubtful whether 1t
will be sufficient to cover the severe
losses our Allies are bound to suffer as
soon as Hitler starts his spring and sum-
mer campaigns Even if Hitler were to
be unsuccessful in these offensives, the
Allies eventual successes would be short
lived unless immediate reinforcements
are available from the United States. The
British and Russians must have on hand
ample reserves of planes, arms and am
munition to exploit any victory they may
obtain against the Nazi forces; otherwise
their men will be sacrificed for nothing.
24-Hour Production Wanted.
N,,r ,,,or ,rodrot;o,, oxoar+e r,L,o Ia
not depend on the electorate for their
jobs-are worried over our capacity to
turn out war materials The decision Of
Congress not to interfere with the wages
and hours law would have been most
laudable in peace time. But the men
who think only in terms of war material
production-and are not concerned with
social reforms maintain that our effort
will be seriously handicapped unless our
factories and our plants are operated on
a 24-hour. seven days week basis.
Our task is, therefore, far more difficult
than that of our enemies. The Nazis,
with fve-year Jump on us in gearing
their economy to war, must produce only
for their own armies. While we are now
in the process of placing our peacetime
industry on war footing. they have
been doing it since 1886 and 1887. The
same thing applies to the Japanese. Both
members of. the Axis are manufacturing
for the needs of their armies alone,
while we must manufacture not only for
ourselves but for all our Allies and
prospective Allies, such as some of the
South American republics which may
find themselves attacked in the near
future.
The handicaps which our production
chiefs encounter, either in the labor
situation or in our short-sighted failure
to stock up on rubber, tin and other raw
materials, are incomprehensible to the
layman.
Evening star., 1942-03-08
By Marquis ". Childs.

the supply appears to be such that the
individual ration will work no serious
hardship The question of possible food
shortages has been badly handled in
Washington. Before rationlng plan
had been set up, Secretary of Agriculture
Wickard suggested that sugar might be
short. This sent housewives scurrying
to the nearest store to buy all they could,
which was in turn sufficient to insure
immediate sugar rationing.
Similarly, Mr. Wickard warned" of
possible shortage of fats and oils in l943,
although he indicated that the supply
should be ample for the current year.
Obviously too much talk about shortages
tends to produce them.
Acute Rubber Shortage.
The most acute shortages are likely to
come in goods imported from the Pa
cific. Rubber is first on that list. Many
Americans have persisted in believing
that this will be of short duration in
spite of the fact that the Japs have
already conquered the rubber-producin
areas of Malaga. Optimistically they
have assumed that substitute will be
found or that rubber supplies in Malaga
will be reopened.
But Leon Henderson has dispelled
these illusions. Crude rubber will not
be available for civilians for at least two
years, if then. Even when the Japs are
driven out of the Malayan Peninsula and
Sumatra-a long and costly process-it
will be a considerable time before pro-
duction is restored
American ingenuity may discover a
substitute. But to put that substitute
into mass production to make tires for
the 20,000000 American passenger cars
would take quantities of steel and other
metals almost as scarce as rubber. More
over, it would take man power and trans
portation direly needed in the war effort
A basic factor affecting the food sup
ply is the shortage of tin which has been
on the list of scarce metals for under the
newest decree tin cans can be used only
for essential foods and there may even
be a scarcity for food canning.
Tin Cans Becoming Scarce
Inevitably the tin shortage means the
housewife must do more home canning in
glass containers then ever before. While
industrial Gamers may be able to con-
vert their factories to glass or plastics
instead of tin, this will take time and
it will also take scarce metals to carry
out the changeover; metals which may
not be obtainable. This summer should
see every glass container filed with food
for the coming winter 1t means, too, an
increase in home gardens but here the
Department Of Agriculture adds a note
of caution. Seeds and fertilizer are
scarce.
The Department of Agriculture has
suggested community gardens, to be done
under the supervision of expert garden
ers. Similarly, the department urges
community canning, so that pressure
Evening star., 1942-03-08
Three Months japanese Warfare Pacific Bring Disaster for United Nations

The Russians last Monday were headed
toward Staraya Russa, where 10000 Ger
mans were said to be
Russions trapped with dwindling
Advance food supplies. That was in
the north. In the center
the Russians under Gen. Golubev pushed
toward Smolensk, and in the south they
continued to go for Dnieperopetrovsk.
Both the Russians and the Germans
we're throwing planes tanks and artillery
into the fighting on the southwestern
and southern fronts, where the battle
field is a vast quagmire under rain and
melting snow.
Dispatches from the staraya Russa re-
gion said the Red Army was drawing its
steel moose tighter around the German
18th Army each day. The Germans
transformed the city, once famous Rus
sian resort famous for its brine springs,
into a base for communications on the
northwestern front below Leningrad. The
city is 280 miles northwest of Moscow
and 140 miles south Of Leningrad.
German military spokesmen circulated
reports for the benefit of Swedish and
Swiss newspapers that
Renewed Soviet troops are massing
Offensive in prodigious force all
along the Russian front
for a revitalized drive and have already
instituted attacks on a scale not pre-
viously reached in the war. One CORE
spondent was impressed that the Soviets
are launching "a fantastic effort to bring
about decision The German broad
cast on Tuesday said that German troops
had repulSed strong, tank-supported Rus
sian assaults on the Crimea and in the
Donets Basin.
Nothing the Russians said contradicted
the reports from the German military
spokesmen. The Soviet communique of
Wednesday announced that Red forces
had destroyed about so centers Of enemy
resistance" and killed $50 officers and
men in an offensive around the Lenin-
grad front The Russians threw tanks
in big way into the attempt to force
the Germans in Staraya Russa to sur
render.
The Germans conducted an air raid
on Moscow Thursday night after lohg
layoff. The visitors dropped bombs at
random and inflicted insignificant dam
age as the sky over the Russian capital
blazed like a Fourth of July night from
the bursting of Soviet anti-aircraft shells.
Evening star., 1942-03-08

lishment of a regular fighting front
The defenders evidently were fighting
losing battle although they were striking
the foe when and wherever numerical
superiority in the air and aground was
not overwhelming. Usually it was over
Whelming
Late Thursday night the japanese oc-
cupied Batavia. Aneta, the Dutch news
agency, said practically
Botovo all of Western Java had
Captured been overrun by the in
vaders A bulletin from
the Indies headquarters admitted the
capture Of Jogjakarta, a city of 140,0 900
population, in japanese thrust knitting
almost to the south coast of Java. For
all practical purposes the island thus
was cut in two in its middle.
Bandoeng was moved, by the Japanese
advance, into the front line of defense,
while the Japs also destroyed some in
stallations at Soerabaja during a three
hour raid. The japanese got within 25
miles of Bandoeng. The situation seemed
desperate, but DR.. Hubertus van Nook,
the brave Lieutenant Governor General
Of the islands, announced that every day
we hold out brings us nearer to victory"
Can the Allied leaders in Java do what
Macarthur is doing in Bataan?
Far away other japanese armies
gained fewer successes in Burma. The
resistance there was stiff, and the Japa-
nese have not yet been able to break the
line of British opposition set up along
the Sittang River, although in one place
they have crossed the Sittang. The Allied
troops in Burma now are under Gen.
Wavells command. The japanese drive
has been slowed down to such an extent
that on Tuesday the British Army head
quarters issued q communique reporting
that a growing number of Indians were
returning to Rangoon-almost emptied
of its population two weeks ago
The fight in Burma in recent days has
taken on character greatly different
from the other operations
Burmo of the japanese during the
Bottle past three months. The
steady advance, almost swift,
that was shown in Malaga, in the Philip
pines before Bataan and in the Indies
is absent from Burma. Perhaps this is
an indicator of what is to come when the
japanese are forced to do all their fight
ing on large land area without the as
sistance of naval operations. Japan has
Evening star., 1942-03-08
Far Eastern Front

The foremost action of the war last
week was the battle of Java. About
$4,000 Allied troops, mostly Dutch but
including few thousand Americans and
British, were lined up against $4,000
japanese troops in Java. The first days
of the week, Monday and Tuesday,
brought encouraging reports from Lon
don and Bandoeng about the Allied
cause Attack and not defense must be
our watchWord," the order of the day
said on Monday. Events did not sup
port this sanguine enthusiasm. BY the
middle of the week two developments
became known which made it plain that
hopes for Java were ebbing. They were:
Gen. Sir Archibald Wavel, commander
of United Nations forces in the South
west Pacific, left that COM
Wovell mand and proceeded to India
eL:f..J to take charge of the expect
ed Indian war with Japan.
Vice Admiral Conrad Helfrich, the
naval commander in the Southwest Pa
cific. was relieved of that post for
special assignment-its exact nature un-
disclosed.
The events leading up to these changes
and to the unhappy course Of the war
in Java after the departures of Waveu
and Helfrich were made clear first in the
dispatches of wednesday. The high
command in Bandoeng-wheret the Indies
government moved from Batavia Tues
ay-acknowledged then that the Japa-
nese had made some headway at some
points" The war bulletin reported heavy
Dutch aerial blows against the enemy's
air power. Serious damage was inflicted
on hangers at Japanese-held airport.
The hopeful note went out of the news
from Java Thursday. The japanese in
vaders drove forward with a pincers
movement against Batavia and Ban
doeng. They cut the railroad linking
those centers of resistance to the third
focus of defense, Soerabaja, the port
and naval base of Eastern Java The
enemy drew within 10 miles of Batavia
and 25 miles from Bandoeng and threat
ened to bisect the island, 622 miles long.
The enemy airmen began to bomb the
one good southern port through which
the island could draw reinforcements
The Dutch command pictured the
battle of Java as a confused, swirling
struggle which made impossible estab-
Evening star., 1942-03-08
Americas Thirteenth Week of War
731st Week of World War I'D
By Blair BoHes.

The with Japan yesterday three
these three In
Japan has taken Hong Philippines
Guam most the Indies Thaland
Burma east Of the Stang
doefu catalogue shown the
But the
likely
ready to Australia
deenSbe the islands
separating
Oceanhe island of
Batavia capital fell after the the Indies left
satisfactory
the A
Evening star., 1942-03-08
ice Pearl Harbor that already it battles

prepare against the worst. It recognized
that the Free French National Commit
tee is "in effective control of the French
island colony Of New Caledonia in the
Pacific This move facilities co-opera-
ton between the United States and the
Free French for the defense Of that
strategically located island if the need
comes.
Evening star., 1942-03-08

IN THREE months Of has terrible shadow over the vast
area here winning victory after victory with her superiority
land the air Study the steps the enemy drive southwark
then them As back you'll de, OF
the task facing the Allies ounumbered today but building
to strike hard in furious Campaign Of rerbution.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1942-03-12

Community service has always been a part of the Girl Scout pro- gram. The organizations 65o,000 women and girls work hand in hand with other groups in prac- tically every locality.
 One of the first with which the Girl Scouts formed a link was the Red Cross.
 A little over 6 year after the first Girl Scout troop was formed in Savannah, Georgia, one of their members resuscitated by Red Cross methods a negro who had been overcome by gas while dig ging a ditch. She was awarded a $50 prize by the Red Cross. From then on thS two organizations have worked in close cooperation.
 Standard Red Cross first aid courses have been given as reg ular part of the Girl Scout train ing for years. Tn return, the Scouts have knitted and Sewed, helped with packing garments for ship ment, rolled bandages, run er- rands and a hundred and one other services.
 In New Haven, Connecticut, for instance, the Girl Scouts did such an excellent job in converting their station wagon into a fully equipped
The Waterbury Democrat., 1942-03-12

mobile canteen on 24 hours notice that the Red Cross is now using it for demonstration purpose.
 TEAMED UP WITH
 OTHER ORGANIZATIONS
 One of the first steps taken in the present defense plans of the Girl Scouts was the coordination of their activities with other commit nity agencies in order avoid dupli- cations and make their services worth while. To accomplish this, Service Bureaus were set up where Girl Scouts registered their abilities and hours available. At the present time there are 400 of these Service Bureaus throughout the country.
 Another example of the type of service the Girl Scouts are rem dering is to be found in Lewistown, Pennsylvania, where the American Red Cross and the Civilian Defense office asked the Girl Scouts to map system of back roads to serve all parts of the county in case the one main highway to the town was closed The SC dts have the help of a civil engineer, the county com missioners and their bicycles in this work.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1942-03-12
Culture Of Herbs
 Subject Of Circular
Many Inquiries at Experiment Station; Growing n-
 terest Manifested in Herb Gardens

herbs are stripped rom the stems and spread out thinly on drying frames. When thorouhgly dry, all leaves are stripped from stems, crumbIed and stored in jars. Dry ing takes about a week in the case of plants which are hung up, and about three or four days when leaves are spread out on frames
 Besides a brief discussion of the history, cultivation and curing of herbs, the 20-page circular describes individually number of the species commonly grown in home gardens. A chart at the end of the circular summarizes their heights, durations, propagation methods and uses. A copy of the new herb circular may be obtained free on request from the Connecticut Agricultural EX- perimental station at New Haven.