davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1942-12-08

Rector said either Mr.. He'll or 1t.
Gov. Walter 8. Goodland would
serve in Mr.. LOOMS place, but that
since the latter's death was with
out precedent it was likely a Su-
preme Court ruling would be nee
eSsary to select q successor.
III He'll should resign before the
Inauguration, 1t seems that Good
land would become Acting Cover
nor" Mr.. Rector said. Otherwise,
there is question whether He'll
would not continue in office after
January 4 until he called a special
election"
He'll Second to LOOMS.
Mr.. He'll ran second to Mr.. LOOMS
In the gubernatorial race in Novem-
Der, q fact on which Mr.. Rector
based his remarks concerning the
Governors continuance in ONCE.
Mr.. Goodland, who will be 80 De-
cember %, was reelected to his
third successive term as Lieutenant
Governor last month. If Mr.. He'll
should resign within the next. four
weeks, Mr.. Rector said, Mr.. Good
land would hold both positions for
the next two years or until Gov
ernor has been chosen at a special
election.
At his bedside when Mr.. LOOMS
died were his wife, two sons, and a
daughter.
The Gov. ELECT had q record of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1942-12-08
Lewis-Murray Feud
Top Issue in Voting
For UNIV Office
Formers Forces Predict
FL Victory in Contest
For District President
By the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
PITTSBURGH, Dec. 8.-The feud
between Philip Murray and John l..
Lewis was main issue today for
the first time in a rank-and- file
union election as 10000 soft coal
miners balloted to select president
of District S CPittsburgh0 of the
United Mine Workers of America.
Followers of Mr.. Lewis were pre-
dieting 2-to-l triumph as they
ended months of campaigning to
unseat Patrick T. (Pat Pagan, the
only remaining district leader who
did not join in the move initiated
by Mr.. Lewis which led to Mr.. Muir
rays dismissal several months ago
as UNIV vice president.
Mr.. Pagan, who did little cam
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1942-12-08
Bronchial Pneumonia
Causes Buby's Death

The death of Diana Simms. =
month-old daughter Of Mr.. and Mrs.
James C. Simms, who was found
by her mother in an unconscious
condition in her crib yesterday, was
due to bronchial pneumonia. the
coroner's ONCE announced today.
The infant was pronounced dead
on arrival at Georgetown Hospital.
The family lives at 4907 w street
NV.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1942-12-08
Two Suits for Divorce
Filed in Rockville

Special Dispatch to The Star.
ROCKVILLE, Md, Dec. 8-George
Howard Baldwin of Washington has
filed suit in Circuit Court for an
absolute divorce from Mrs. Louise
Smith Baldwin of Silver Spring. He
charged desertion.
In another bill filed here, Charles
Alfred Fraley, jr., asked an absolute
divorce from Mrs Elya M. Fraley Of
Silver Spring. He also charged
deSertion.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1942-12-08

came last summer when he opposed
the election of Joseph Yablonksky as
International Board member. Mr..
Yablonsky was elected easily, with
support of the Lewis forces.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1942-12-08

Grease makes gunp0wder! Save
waste kitchen fats. Take them to
your meat dealer.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1942-12-08
HOW is 1T BEING DONE?

For example, back of United Air Lines activity
for war stands it's record of 25O, 900 miles of
flying experience.
That experience, equivalent to over 10000
coast-to-coast flights, dates from the time, a
decade and half ago, when United Air Lines
plane carried the first fare-paying passenger from
coast-to-coast and flew the nations first COM
mercial transcontinental air mail
From this great reservoir of airline experience
have come many of the facilities and techniques
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1942-12-08

TIOW is it that the airines are performing so
l. l. efficiently their dual job of Transporting
military cargo and of maintaining the scheduled
passenger, mail and express service over their
widespread domestic routes?
How is it that they carry on almost worldwide
military missions and simultaneously maintain
schedules which speed military well as civilian
men and goods across the nation overnight?
Fromlong years of actual operation, the airlines
know what to do and they know how to do it.
Evening star., 1942-10-01
Virqiniu Finances

The Virginia General Assembly is
meeting in special session this week
to consider proposal to liquidate
the s1S,O0O,OOO State debt by utilizing
$10,000,000 of the Old Dominion's
surplus and part of its sinking fund.
In general, the plan proposed by
Governor Darden is to invest the
surplus and some special idle funds
in War bonds to obtain additional
revenue. to Offset the interest the
State now is paying on its debt. This
indirect approach is necessary be-
cause the bonds representing Vir-
ginias debt are non-callable.
AS in all States, financial questions
In Virginia have produced consider
able fireworks on the political front,
and the same can be expected of the
current surplus. Credit for It's crea-
ton probably will be sought by all
political factions in any way con-
nected with 1t.
At all events, the fact that such a
large surplus exists indicates Vir-
ginia's finances have been well man
aged. Revenues are reported to be
pouring In now at an unprecedented
rate from almost every source except
gasoline and, motor vehicle registra-
Evening star., 1942-10-01

gether." To bring about q correction
OF the prevailing evil, "a complete
overhauling and restoration of Amer
lean history in the secondary schools"
is demanded. A good history course
OF at least one years duration should
be required in every high school,"
The quality of teaching" impera-
lively must be improved.
AS "a minimum, Professor Mckee ar
CUES, 1.-THE high school graduate
should know the events and develop
ments-political, economic, cultural
and social-that have been influential
in creating the United States of today.
They should know something of the
leading figures-writers, authors,
statesmen, inventors-who have left
their imprint on American life and
culture" Concentration on such
study admittedly might result in
neglect OF sociological reading. If so,
little harm would be done. The
present crisis in the world proves
that economic determinism does not
exercise exclusive control over human
life. Other factors than the pet
dogma of the social revolutionists
have at least equal influence on the
destiny of the race.
Evening star., 1942-10-01

tion. As Senator Harry F. Byrd, one
of the Old Dominion's Democratic
leaders, notes, "the time to pay a debt
is when you have the money.
In the difficult days that will con-
front our country in the postwar
period, Virginia will then be free OF
debt or have impounded funds safely
invested adequate to pay the debt as
it falls due"
Virginia may well be proud OF it's
current high credit rating. In 1900
it had one of the heaviest State debts.
Much of it was created more than
100 years ago when the State en-
barked on ambitious projects such as
the construction of railroads, canals
and turnpikes with State funds. The
debt became particularly burden
some in the period of Virginia's i'm
poverishment after the Civil War,
which lends all the more significance
to the present proposal to wipe the
debt books clean.
Evening star., 1942-10-01
Humminq Wires

Beginning at midnight on the
twenty-fifth instant, the FEC has
banned the transmission of that ex-
traordinary invention along the line
OF missiyes-the singing telegram.
No longer will the lads and lassies of
the wire take deep breath, strike
a keynote and chant Happy BIRTH
day, dear Susie; happy birthday to
you" The keynote of today is ef-
f1ciency for the war effort, and Susie
will have to be made happy in some
other way.
The CHEEKY chirp of the musical
telegraph operators, stilled for the
duration by the Federal Excommu-
nication Commission, will be missed,
no doubt, but not nearly so much
as sugar, gasoline and other rationed
commodities. Homes that simply
must have their song do not need to
get it through telephone receiver;
not when it can come from roaring
radios and records, to say nothing
of booming bathtub bassos. The wires
are humming now, but more impor-
tant tunes than these. Their notes,
when finally assembled and orches-
trated by history, will constitute a
song that will forever be number one
on the Nations hit parade-the song
of victory.
Evening star., 1942-10-01
History VS.. Social Studies

Joining in a debate which already
has been raging with growing in
tensity for several months, Professor
Samuel Mckee, jr., of Columbia Uni
versity, declares: "A drastic revision
in the type and quality of United
States history courses now offered on
the secondary level throughout the
country is needed" Recent high
school graduates, he insists, show
IAN incredible ignorance" of the
annals of the Nation. What they
have learned of the experience of
their forebears is an amazing hodge
podge" of transformation"
Specifically, Professor Mckee COM
plains about "a steady decline" in
attention to American history dur
ing the past decade. The difficulty,
he reports, traces back to over
emphasis on the so-called social
studies" Teachers colleges are re-
sponsible for this unwholesome de-
velopment. Many persons in these
colleges want to make names for
themselves by advocating teaching
methods that are novel or diff
ferent, although not necessarily bet
ter. One popular method
was to extol the virtues Of social
studies and deride the field OF Amer
ican history"
Professor Mckee is frank In his
criticism. Social studies, he charges,
began by taking over the history
courses Id our high schools. Il has
ended BY eliminating history Alto
Evening star., 1942-10-01
October

October moonlight chilled the coun-
trystde,
The thin leaues shtpered M tho
biting a4r
Last night. Frost rode The stpitt
onrnsh Of t1ind
Ats touch, the tpdrnan1 toxch Of
spinter death.
Today, the leaues look to nsu shades
OF Indian yello,o. scarlet and bright
gold.
The je,oel colortng roto deepens NTH
These last ercttinD hours. The nod
ding ledpes
Talk eagerly. They dance and Haunt,
their joy ..>
On ttoirling slender stems. They
k,iow no fear
OF the strange beyond. But spaying
brenthlessly
The ytpear their 10Y like brilliant
banners flying sA
As II to tell HON beautiful Is dying.
N0R0sCE MARIE TAYLOR.
Evening star., 1942-10-01
THIS AND THAT
B1 Charles Z. Trace.ueu.

grass, almost in soldierly fashion. Per-
haps they use Spanish American war
tactics. They are not up-to-date In such
matters.
Usually these robin bands do not re-
main more than half an hour.
The longest time we ever saw a band
remain In any one place was an hour.
There were so Of them. This time they
seemed to do little eating or bathing,
but contented themselves with perching
In some trees
The sight OF so many robins at once
always comes as an agreeable surprise.
Every one interested in birds wants to
tell about such sight, because he real
ICES that 1t is not often seen by most
persons. He, himself, has not seen it
before and he feels pretty sure that his
friends have not.
A group OF so wood thrushes would
strike an observer In the same way
These, OF course, do not band together
for migration.
Robins do it because they are greeari-
Gus birds just before the spring fight
North.
Their principal food, angle worms. are
not to be found in any great quantities,
in either early spring or autumn.
One bird spots good food place-the
remainder fly down to enjoy it with him.
One bird, by himself, might not see
the spot. What the robins are really
doing is using their best scout for the
good OF all.
In February, in the South the robins
fly together into great roosts.
AS many as 1000, 900 robins have been
estimated to gather in various counties
in some Of the Southern States.
Alabama, Georgia and the Carolinas
are the States which are favored. Usually
these roosts cover two or more counties.
and the birds remain together for three
or four nights, before breaking up into
small bands for the fight North.
Despite stringent laws against shooting
robins, there usually are some violators,
Game wardens stand guard throughout
these nights, and commonly take several
men into court before the proceedings
are over.
The fines and Jail commitments are
quite heavy, in all such cases. In the old
days, robins were classed as game birds,
and were shot at will. No doubt robin
pie Is rather tasty, but not many persons,
we believe, could contemplate such dish
with equanimity.
The robins coming to our correspond
ent's lawn are probably different groups
each evening.
They just happen to come Probably
the bird bath on the ground decides
them. Or maybe not. Birds are not
automatons. They do as they please,
IN most things. One year they fly down
into certain lawn, and give the owner
a treat. The next year they happen to
miss his yard. So far, this year, no
bands of robins have visited our own
yard. When they do, Lilly Belle, the
pet robin, probably will Join them.
Evening star., 1942-10-01
RENO ROAD.

Dear Sir:
Sooner or later imagine every reader
Of The Star has occasion to write you
about birds or what not, and when I
counted 10 robins in my back yard re-
Gently, I realized my turn had come.
"A little over a week ago, my wife
and noticed large congregation Of
robins in the yard and counting them
found there were IS. thought this must
be something Of a record but two days
later there were 10, and again few
days ago 10. On several of the inter-
vening days when we have been at
home at the right time there have been
IL to Is.
''The lot Is an average-size city one,
60 feet in width, and while we have
had anywhere from one to five or six
robins in the past Ave years We have
been here, we have never seen anything
like 10.
They come just before, or should I
say at, dusk, generally from to dark.
Near the house there Is q terrace
few feet higher than the rest of the
yard and on the terrace Is a bird bath
fiat on the ground. Anywhere from
one to six birds gather around the
bath and have seen three in it at
once. The other birds seem to find
many just wander around, so to speak.
The amount of feeding is not intensive
and do not believe they come for
that.
Some one suggested that they were
on their way South for the winter
Would that be the case? If so, are
the same robins coming each evening
or are they different ones? If different,
how do they all happen to come here
this year for the first time?
Very truly yours, G. D. W., jr."
robins always comes as a surprise, be-
cause the average person is used to
watching them singly on the lawn.
1t is only in the spring and fall that
they gather together in bands.
Usually their visit to any individual
yard is merely 'happenstance'
They fly about 100 miles, then drop
down for food, rest and water.
1t may be realized that the chance Of
getting one of these bands is rather
small. Usually the birds 60 in groups
from a dozen to so robins.
X X
We watched robins for many years
before we saw this sight.
The reason for this in most cases is
that the bird lover is not at home at
the right time.
The appointed time for our lawn for
several years was between and 4
o'clock in the afternoon.
This is the usual time in the fall. In
the spring these visitations are earlier.
around pm.
Mostly the robins remain but for a
little while. They deploy out over the
Evening star., 1942-10-01
Huskin's Answers
To Questions
BIZ Frederic ]. Hdsktn.

A reader can get the ans,Der to eny
question OF fact BY ioritin0 The Epe-
ming Star Information Bureau, Fred.
eric J. Hdskin, director, Washington,
D. c. Please inclose stamp for rsturn
postage.
@. Is there more travel across the
Canadian or Mexican borders Of tho
United States?-C. T. D.
A. During 1941, travel across the Mex
lean border was probably the heaviest IN
the world.
Q. Can a battleship fire all its guns
at one time without incurring damage?
p. N. B.
A. n can. On her trials the battle
ship North Carolina fired all Of Its main
batteries simultaneously.
@. How many cities are there In the
United States?-M. N.
A. The total number Of urban places
with population Of $500 or more was
3,464, according to the 1910 census.
Evening star., 1942-10-01
ed-Tope Masterpiece

Real connoiSSeurs of red tape, who
can sense with discriminating appre-
ciation the difference between mere
ly annoying little knots tied by anna
teurs and the majestic entangle-
ments created by superior craftsmen.
will note with rich enjoyment mas
terWork which has just emerged from
the office of the Controller General
OF the United States. It contains all
the necessary elements of a really
fine accomplishment in red tape
delay, romance and the triumph of
halr-splitting over common sense.
1t all began on or about October
30-3l, I94l, when the cold, wet and
no doubt hungry survivors of the
Destroyer Reuben James-our first
naval loss of the war-scrambled
aboard their rescue ship, the De-
stroyer Niblack. Bluejackets aboard
the Niblack, grossly unfamiliar with
an act approved October 6, 1917 (4O
Stat. 389; 34th U. S. c. 98D or even
the we'll established previous rulings
OF the Controller of the Treasury.
dating back to 1901, warmly well
coined their buddies and generously
shoWered them with articles of wear
ing apparel, consisting mostly of
personal attire such as shoes, shirts,
trousers, jumpers, blankets, ETC., and
representing mostly, if not exclusive
ly, such articles as are customarilv
issued to the service, which the law
requires to be issued in kind"
The sailors rescued from the Reu-
ben James having carelessly failed TO
return the articles, fifteen sailors
from the Niblack submitted claims
for the articles given to the rescued
men. They duly noted on S. and A.
Form No. 378 that the articles were
"damaged' or given to a survivor"
and that such loss" or damage"
was due to "the attention given to
the saving of lives of Others"
The Navy last May, after carefully
considering the matter, decided to
ask the Controller General if naval
appropriations (for the current fiscal
year, $14,254 ,77s,974) were legally
available, under the act of October 6.
1917, for payment of the claims. The
Controller Generals office said mo"
in only four typewriter pages after
only four months of cogitation. While
space Is short, this nub of the de-
cislon, read with the incident in mind
which provoked it, should be pre-
served for posterity: "The. word
loss y. undoubtedly means the
unintentional parting with some
thing of value. 1t is doubted if the
claimants unintentionally parted
with possession of the articles, and
If the voluntary release of possession
did not constitute an outright gift,
the most that could be spelled out of
the transaction would seem to be
gratuitous bailment with the sur
vivors charged with the responsibility
and obligation Of returning them to
the bailors and If the article OF bail
ment was not in fact returned, the
bailors should look to the. bailee
rather than to the Government"
Great Britain got fifty destroyers
from the United. States in less time
and with fewer words than it re-
quired for fifteen sailors to learn
that the United States Government
would not honor their claim for
clothing given to rescued comrades.
Was it Secretary Knox who was
going to eliminate red tape?
Evening star., 1942-10-01

O. There are said to be three inven-
tions through which man rose superior
to animals. Please list them-S. S.
A. These three basic inventions are
speech, tools and fire.
@. Is it true that Leonardo da Vinci
lost the use of his right arm?-A. c. c.
A. His right arm became paralyzed
late in life.
@. What was the tune whistled by
the milkman in the movie Mrs. Min
iver"?-D. D.
A. 1t was British Grenadiers."
@. How long was Alexander Selkirk,
the original Robinson Crusoe, q cast
away?-B. D.
A. After a quarrel with his superior
he was marooned at his own request, on
the island of Juan Fernandez for four
years and four months. He was rescued
in 1709.
@. What is the capital of South Al
rica?-B. L.
A. The Union of South Africa has
GWU CdplbdlS, HIetOIld, Ullt Stdb Ol ItlS
government and various departments.
and Capetown, the seat of the legisla-
ture.
@. How do warrior ants manage to
cross body of water when on the
march?-H. v. E. ...
A. Sometimes a number of ants link
themselves together to form a floating
bridge over which the others pass. Some
have been known to climb up a small
tree, and by sheer weight of numbers
bend it until they can reach the other
SIDE
O. Did the Emperor Of Japan ever
visit Europe?-I N. G.
A. Hirohito toured Europe in 1921 as
Crown Prince, the first ever to do so.
@. Which is the oldest of cultivated
plants?-D. N M.
A. Many authorities believe that In
dian corn is the most ancient of culti-
waited plants.
@. Has Switzerland merchant
marine?-N. H.
A. Switzerland owns about $4,000
tons of merchant shipping.
@. Is 1t proper to use an oil stove to
heat greenhouse?-B r.
A. 1t is not advisable to use an oil
stove inside greenhouse. When heat
of this type Is to be employed, 1t is better
to place the stove outside and convey the
heat by means Of pipes.
@. When did Fort Belvoir, Va, re-
ceive its present name?-E 49,.
A. In February, 1885, President Roose-
velt asked the Secretary of War to have
the name of Fort Humphreys, located
40 miles below Washington on the Po-
tomac, changed to Fort Belvoir In men,
ory Of the Colonial mansion so named
and built about 1874 by Col. William
Fairfax.
Q. Who applied the term "humor.
esque" to musical compositions?-B. M.
A. Schumann used it for short musi-
cal compositions, free and whimsical in
form and strikingly original in harmony
and rhythm. Dvorak and Grieg made
the term popular.
@. What is the origin of the parole
system in prisons?-F. w. D.
A. The history of parole goes back
to English colonial experience in tho
ticket-of-leave system of New South
Wales as carly as 1890, and to the mark
system Of Capt. Maconochie at Nor
folk Island in 1910, in both Of which the
prisoner by good behavior might win
conditional liberation.