davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1942-02-01

fortnight in their demand that the
strategy of the United Nations be CEN
tered on the Pacific. They, too, insisted
that the Allies concentrate on Hitler
only after the danger of Japanese vic
tory is removed They pointed out that
Australia, with its still untapped riches
end very small white population, in
vited invasion by the Japanese unless
they were abruptly checked.
The whole organized force OF Australia
and its dependencies had been sent to
fight for the empire. Now they could not
be brought back to fight for their home
land without disastrous results for the
British. But Australia had to be de-
Tended at any price, and unless America
were willing to assume full responsibility
for the defense of the continent the Aus
tralian government could not give guar
antees against the future. It would
take the Australians at least a year to
train and equip defense force capable
OF resisting japanese invasion: mean
while the Japs could hardly be expected
to pull their punches and wait for the
Australians to prepare.
So forceful were the pleas of the Cam
berra cabinet that serious attention was
paid to them, but until the middle of
January few in Washington or London
believed invasion of Australia was to be
feared. Precautionary measures were
contemplated and some war supplies and
personnel, brought together for opera
tions in other quarters, were held ready.
Decision Relieves Military Men.
Once more Toxic rendered the United
Nations an invaluable service when it
tipped its hand by occupying number
Of Australian outpost islands with a view
to using them as bases for future op-
erationS. The first service they did us
was in raiding Pearl Harbor and unity
ing the American people for this fight
to the finish.
Japanese occupation Of islands in the
Solomon group and a portion of New
Guinea decided the strategy board of the
United Nations-mainly President Roose-
welt and Prime Minister Churchill
give up for the time being all thought
of adventures in Europe and the Medi-
terranean area and to concentrate all
Allied efforts to defeat the Japanese
before seriously tackling Hitler.
That decision occasioned a great sigh
of relief among American military and
naval men. They fully realize that un-
der the present circumstances. and con-
sidering the losses suffered at Pearl Har-
Dor, the task will not be an easy one.
But the great majority Of Army. Navy
and air men believe the Job can be done
Evening star., 1942-02-01
Battle for Malaga End Siege Of Singapore Begins mpeng Indies and ndi

In brief, the results were reflected in
Al resolutions, principal effect Of which
was to recommend sever
Axis Ties ing of formal relations with
Severed all Axis partners and to
provide for the establish
ment of joint military, economic and
financial boards for the mobilization Of
hemisphere strength.
Prerequisite to the unaninity eventu-
ally accomplished was settlement Of
the 1l1-year-old boundary dispute be-
tween Peru and Ecuador. Not until an
agreement was finally effected on this
issue did Ecuador join in approving the
overall resolutions of the conference.
But even pending this settlement, all
but two-Argentina and Chile-rushed to
completion by nidweek the implementa-
ton of their commitment to sever Axis
relations.
Important to the new supply boards
will be agreement among the pan-Amer-
ican nations for relaxation or removal Of
tariff barriers now impeding free transfer
of natural resources, most Of which will
Uc pOuI Gu lIlUO tllc Wal c1OIt oli tIlcSS
boardS-divided in Jurisdictions to the
fields of munitions assignments, shipping
and ALLEGATION of war materials-will
fall the responsibility of actually placing
the supplies and armaments where they
can do the utmost good to the united
cause.
Out of this system should come order
and efficiency in the marshaling of the
strength of four-flfths of the world.
Startling was disclosure on Monday
that en American Expeditionary Force
which President Roosevelt later described
as one of or 10-had landed in North
Ireland to receive fervent British well
come.
In the words of Prime Minister
Churchill, this lusty band is but the
vanguard of more men and more fighting
equipment destined to flow eastward
across the Atlantic to aid in striking at
the enemy where he is For the British
official they probably helped to bring
q 464-l vote of confidence on Thursday
from a House of Commons that had
wrangled through three days of critical
debate on government policies.
Evening star., 1942-02-01

more quickly than is generally believed
possible.
What disheartened American generals
and admirals was the failure of the
United Nations strategy board to give
evidence of possessing definite strategy.
Forces Rushed to Pacific.
The Australians spoke their mind
forcefully. Their Premier, John Curtin,
did not mince words in his urgent appeal
to London and he spoke plainly to the
dwell on the unselfish sacrifices of the
Australians in the battlefields of Europe
and Africa, knowing that sentimental
considerations don't weigh much these
days. But he did point out frankly the
consequences of Australia's plight and
indicated that he was demanding real
support before it was too late.
The time element, which during the
staff conversations in Washington had
been somewhat disregarded, was empha-
sized by the Australian Premier, who
showed conclusively that the United Ma
tions cannot afford to make the mistake
of thinking in terms of next year or
next summer. Assistance in great guam
tity must come at once, he made clear.
Otherwise, he said frankly, it might be
too late and even Hitler's defeat would
be a relatively unimportant factor in
the face of an immediate catastrophe in
the Pacific.
The earnest words Of the Canberra
government, supported by those from
New Zealand, achieved their purpose
Forces are now being rushed to the
Pacific in such strength that we can
look forward with confidence that at
least one member of the Axis may be
halted before long.
Evening star., 1942-02-01
Far Eastern Front

The most savage combined sea and air
engagement of World War II had its
beginning 10 days ago when those in
domitable Dutch" scored a dozen direct,
crippling hits on eight Jap ships in
strongly escorted armada discovered
moving southwark through Macassar
Strait.
Presumably, it was an invasion feet
In all the grand proportions with which
Toxic thus far has undertaken its opera
tions-headed for one of the twin prizes
Of the Indies, oil-rich Java.
But the Dutch counterattack was
merely signal for what was to come
as battTe-eager air and
Bottle Of naval forces of the united
Mocossor Dutch and American
command pounded re-
lentlessly at the huge Jap convoy. sys-
tematically blasting at loaded transports
and at escorting warships.
While potential success of the invading
squadron in reaching Java and estab-
fishing bridgehead on that island would
be of tragic implication to the united
cause, there was some reason to believe
duriag this week that trapping of the
Jap armada in Macassar had resulted
from carefully devised ambush strategy.
Presumably reconciled to inevitable Jap
landings on Borneo, Dutch defenders
somewhat ostentatiously had announced
withdrawal of their forces at Baik
Papan, oil port on the strait side of
Borneo, after complete destruction of
facilities there. Evidently believing that
this withdrawal indicated a general one
with regard to the entire waterway. the
Jap commanders dispatched their Java
bound convoy from the captured port.
Vengeful air and naval units of Dutch
and American forces pounced on the
slow-moving sea train, pounding at it
necessarily from Friday through Friday,
Evening star., 1942-02-01
Bv Constantine BrOuvn.

Far East-and that was inevitable un-
less we decided to throw all our weight
into the Pacific-the face of the world
might be changed even if Hitler were de-
feated They knew what a complete vic {.
tory for Japan in the next year would
mean. The people of India-which had
been seething with unrest-MalaySia,
the Philippines and all the other races of
the South Pacific would be greatly i'm
sity would join the Nipponese
Overtures Made to Chang.
Gen. Chang Kai-shek found himself
in perilous position. If the Burma road
were cut by the Nipponese, WITH the as
sistance of the Thailanders and the Bur-
mese. he no longer could count on as
sistance from the outside world. Some Of
his followers were asking how long he
would continue a fight which to many
appeared hopeless. Unless the United
Nations made a real effort to stem the
japanese advance he could not ask his
people to continue resisting the jap
aneSe.
Gen. Chang had a hard enough time
keeping his men in line after the first
victories of the Japanese in the Philip
pines, at Hong Kong and in the Malay
Peninsula. If. after the effect of the
japanese surprise had worn of, the Brit
ish and Americans failed to put up more
than a perfunctory resistance, there was
no telling how long he could control
them.
Tckio lost no time taking advantage
of the situation, and overtures were
made not only to the Chungking govern
ment but to Gen. Chang himself. All
would be forgiven and forgotten, the
japanese told him, if he could see the
light and enter the greater prosperity
fold of the little sons of heaven.
No Temporary Loss.
Contrary to the way some of our lead
ers had it figured, inaction in the Pacific
which would permit the japanese to win
a complete victory would not be tempo
rary affair, lasting only until Hitler was
defeated. 1t could have meant the union
of millions of Asiatics from the Philip
pines to Iran under the military leader
ship of Japan. This vast alliance Of
Oriental races would have had at its dis
posal not only huge population but also
all those raw materials which the whites
so far have controlled. This point of
view was pressed with energy on Wash
.ngton and London by the spokesmen of
the largest and most advanced of the
yellow peoples-China.
The Australians, too were more than
Evening star., 1942-02-01
Atlantic Front

Axis submarines ranging along the
Atlantic seaboard had counted at least
Is victims through the final two weeks
of January, and Berlin was claiming
more than twice that number.
Most spectacular of these assaults was
sinking of Canadian liner Lady Hawkins,
carrying 321 passengers and crew from
Bermuda to Eastern American port.
Only II survivors had been listed on
Wednesday, 10 days after actual torpedo
attack.
a submarine alarm in the Gulf of
Mexico led to fears at midweek that an
attack on Panama Canal might be at
tempted but the raider never was located.
Curly, one naval pilot reported:
Sighted sub, sank same There was
good reason to believe that ether under
sea enemies had been accounted for dur
ing past fortnight
Evening star., 1942-02-01
BEAT JAPAN FIRST NOW UNITED STRATEGY
Nppon's Drive South Makes Pacific Vital Theoter of War

Unpleasant as the Far Eastern stu
alton continues to be for the United Ma
tions, it is far less distressing than a
week ago. Hope for the Allies is begin
ming to shine through the clouds over the
Western Pacific.
The whole of Luzon Island is likely to
be occupied by the japanese before long,
with the remainder of the heroic defend
ing force withdrawing to the bastion of
Corregidor, where it is hoped resistance
to the enemy can be maintained while
longer. Singapore's situation is no cheer
Ter, and the fortress appears doomed.
In spite of these two critical spots
there is growing optimism in Washing
ton military circles, and the reason is
cision has been made on definite
strategy for the United Nations.
1t was not satisfactory from the mill
tary point of view to utter vague and
bombastic threats to come to grips with
the enemy wherever he could be found.
1t embraces too much territory at time
when we have force capable of doing
well just one job at one place.
The result of our confused war plans
was that we had no strategy at all. We
had a number of plans for action, all of
which were shufaed and reshuffled in
accordance with momentary political
exigencies. We were going to send forces
here, there and everywhere, with the idea
that somehow, sometime, somewhere we
would defeat the principal enemy-Hit-
Ter. But specifically when and how he
could be defeated no one quite knew.
Plan of Action Formulated.
The several strategic plans of the
United States and Great Britain tailed
with those of the Soviet Union because
they pertained mainly to Europe. But
the Russians did not dare press US
for an all-out European adventure at this
time. During the White House conver-
sations when Prime Minister Churchill
was in Washington, the Russians merely
Endorsed the general policy that we
would not, as Hitler wanted us to do, di-
vert our main forces to the Far East.
American military and naval men were
not particularly fond of this disposition.
to overemphasize the European theater
at the expense of the Far East. But they
were only advisers to the two great
strategy makers - President Roosevelt
and Prime Minister Churchill. The lat
ter had formulated the basic plan of
action between them and consulted the
military experts simply on technical de-
tails.
The Australians and Chinese were
greatly concerned They knew that if
We allowed the Japanese to overrun the
Evening star., 1942-02-01
WEST COAST GUARDED AGAINST JAPANESE
Deenses Set Up From California o Bottom Of Chile

ing advised by United States naval Off
which could be increased in size through
the production of an airplane factory
near Lima, one of the few in South
America.
The Chilean Navy is on convoy patrol.
protecting its supply of strategic min
erals to the north.
Argentine Attitude.
Although the hemisphere defense
scheme is not restricted to the Pacific, its
effectiveness in the Atlantic will depend
to some degree on Argentinas attitude.
That country thus far has been unwilling
to do more than permit the United States
Navy and air force to use Argentine ports
and airports for war purposes. The roe
of the relatively strong Argentine Army
and Navy is, therefore, question mark.
Most military men believe the greater
part of the Argentine coastline can be
covered safely by operations from the
harbor of Montevideo in Uruguay and
the more northern coast of Brazil-if the
strength Of the United States Navy is not
too much in demand elsewhere at the
decisive moment.
Uruguay has gone all-out for hemi-
sphere defense. The Brazilian coast has
been heavily fortified with airports, sup
ported by the Brazilian Navy. Brazil's
position dominates the sea route from
Dakar to Belem the shortest passageway
hotveep the old and new worlds Thus
it would force any invader from that
direction to take more roundabout
route, which would be more difficult to
maintain.
It is a good guess that Argentina will
close the backdoor to this invasion route
as soon as the war production program
in the United States erases all doubt Of
the United States Navy's power to defend
all the coasts Of the New World.
Evening star., 1942-02-01

and being supplemented by Australian
air fighters as the drawn-out engagement
continued.
An accurate boxscore on Jap losses
was difficult to compile with duplicating
information often coming from
Jop several American and Dutch
Toll sources. but there seemed little
doubt that more than dozen
warships had been sunk or heavily dam
aged and about 80 loaded transports
either sent down or badly battered.
Chief among the united claims was
probable sinking" by Dutch planes of an
unidentified Jap battleship and the tor
pedoing of Jap aircraft carrier by an
American submarine.
Including casualties of Macassar
Netherlands sources on Friday claimed
that Dutch had sunk or badly damaged
54 Jap ships in 54 days of war Another
compilation of united successes placed
Jap ship losses since start of war at
nearly 100 vessels, including two battle
ships, two cruisers and one carrier and
greater numbers of transports and mer-
chant vessels. Another so of various
classes were listed as damaged,
Among these victims, incidentally, are
two Jap ships which had been sunk by
daring thrusts of American torpedo boats
in Jap-controlled Subic Bay in the
Philippines. Second of these forays in
the dancing mosquito boats was made
during this past week.
Meanwhile, land operations we're under
way at several points on Borneo with
japanese troops threatening Pontianak
after being landed at Pemangkat and
others attempting to push their way out
of Balik Papan. Elsewhere in this arc
of islands north of Australia and the
Indies, Australian forces battled Japs in
the hills of New Britain and New Ireland,
and Aussie flyers plastered Nippon ships
in Rabaul Harbor.
Evening star., 1942-02-01
Amerieo's Eighth Week of War
(726th Week of World War ~
By John C.. Henry.

lot being fought last OF the that
have remote unfamiliar battle
greatest of historys conflicts
poending
s things Ameranshps planes fighting
while at home relentless construction settled
habits and modes of living.
summation, these major Developments
island
Singapore ready a full siege.
Still without decision the
length Macassar highway
Cebe damaged chAmeican thrus
route this written.
Douglas MacAhur gallant little continued to
of the Philippines.
North Africa other British claimed to slowed
RommeS Naz admitted
Red continued backward
fighters successfully
southern
initial
protecting American there, but with greater tasks
undoubtedly the future
At Rio ano delegates 2 good neghbors agreed unanimously
with the Axis
Chile yet to act.
continued indis
Evening star., 1942-02-01
Russian Front

On long, blizzardswept front. the
cause of the United Nations took con-
tinued encouragement last week in the
steady successes of Russian armies.
Under the momentum that has swept
away Nazi threats at Moscow. winter
toughened Red columns pounded deeper
into Smolensk Province. Behind them,
salvage crews collected great quantities
of German war material preparing much
of it for quick Transformation into arms
against the Axis.
And this week came a new intensifl-
cation of Russian operations in the south,
Moscow disclosing on Thursday and Fri
Evening star., 1942-02-01
Threat of Invasion
Unifies India

British India has been apprehensive Of
an invasion from the northwest border
region for years. Armaments and forti-
flcations have been concentrated there.
Now British generals face the unhappy
prospect of invasion, not from the
guarded northwest, but against the fat,
soft southeastern sector.
From the japanese advance bases on
the Burma -Thai-M Malay line, the SOUTH
east coast is within range of medium
bombers The rest of India could easily
be reached by long-range bombardment
airplanes.
The east shore also is the least defensi-
Bile area in the whole subcontinent. Flat
lands stretch down to the ocean from
the eastern CHATS, are almost ideal for
a determined landing force to estab-
lish a foothold and lay out "quickie" air
bases
The threat to United Nations COM
munications is deadly serious. Two of
the most vital routes of supply to the
two biggest members-China and Rus
sia-intersect in the waters of the Indian
Ocean.
One is the only all-weather route to
Russia, the artery around Africa and
to the head of the Gulf of Persia where
goods ere transshipped across Iran. The
other is to Rangoon, Burma, where the
Burma road haul to Chungking begins.
Internally, India seems in better shape
than at any time for several years past.
The very real threat of japanese in
vasion has unified the Indian people,
and Nehru. the new leader of the Indian
Nationalist movement, has given quail
fed support to the war effort.
India supplies some soldiers, but no
forces in proportion to its 3250O0,OOO
population. The fighting forces come
largely from the northern states and
Nepal. The Gurkas, SikhS and northern
Mohammedans are India's fighting men.
India's part in past wars, in addition
to the fine fighting men from the north.
has been to supply raw materials and
wealth to the empire effort. 1t was con-
sidered as a safe and remote and virtu-
ally inexhaustible storehouse of goods
and provender. Now the enemy is at the
virtual gates of the storehouse.
Evening star., 1942-02-01
Behind the Lines

Major developments in the noncombat
areas of this war probably were the sue
cessful elimination of the tWo-Week Pan
American Conference at Rio de Janeiro
end the disclosed creation of three all
embracing British-American supply
boards.
To bring about the former required
the persistent and diligent leadership of
Brazilian and United States delegates at
the conference, plus Willingness some
cases eager and in others reluctant-on
the part of all other nations of this
hemisphere to join in the common cause
of democratic defense.
Evening star., 1942-02-01

day that Red columns had driven SO
miles into Donets Basin territory occu-
pied by German troops five months ago.
Imperiled was the entire Axis position
along the Sea of Azov, threatened was
Nazi foothold in Crimea.
Evening star., 1942-02-01

ing Jap invaders under retreat in di-
rection of Canton -Kowloon line.
Evening star., 1942-02-01

Japanese hands poud
beginning grave implications for the future.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1942-06-27
20 STENOCR APHERS FORM STATE QUOTA
Young Women Leaving Next Week for Services
 in Washington, D. C.

Hartford, Conn, June 26-About 20 Connecticut young women will go to Washington this week as the tirst contingent of stenographers re- cruited by Civil Service examiners tn their recent drive to supply these urgently needed workers to WaSh- tngton war agencies.
 Because of the urgent need Civil Service authorities are holding ex- alninations practically every day in U. c. Employment offlces, and those passing the test, but who have had no previous experience, are placed immediately in jobs paying $l440 a year. Experienced stenographerS re- ceive $1620 per annum.
 According to Miss Helen G. Me- Cabe, Civil Service interviewer, those accepting positions will have no difnculty finding suitable acc corngnodat in Washington, as WIPE, OEM and OPA, the three agencies for whom stenographers are being recruited, guarantee a room for every girl who accepts a position.
 The drive for stenographers will continue this week, Miss McCabe stated, and application forms may be obtained ct any U. s. Employ ment 0fflce.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1942-06-27
CHILD'S CUSTODY
 OBJECT OF TRIAL
More Witnesses to Be Questioned in Litchfield
 Court Tuesday Morning

The hearings in the case involving disposition of custody of a daugh- ter, 4, whose parents are separated by divorce, will te heard in superior court here next Tuesday. The case opened yesterday in Litchfleld Su- perior court.
 The child was brought into court on writ of habeas corpus. The father, Albert Salutari of Torring- ton, testified he divorced his wife, the former Rose Salutari, who is now Mrs. Rose Samok, having married 8 second time. The mother was to have the child's custody.
 Mrs. Samok told the court sha loves her daughter and decided she wanted the child back with her, being able to give her good home. When she took the child to her former husband in February, Not January, 194l, she said, she told him she would return for her.
 Salutari admitted on cross exam ination. when pressed by Atty. Cath- crime Hanlon of this city, that he once was convicted of stealing wine and was fined. The mother was depicted as having bad temper by witnesses called by Salutari. Atty. Harry Ossen of Torrington repre- sents Salutari. Witnesses at yes- terday's hearing were solely those called to the stand by Atty. Ossen. Atty. Edward Mascolo of this city is attorney of record foy the Sa- moks.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1942-06-27
C.R.&L. Company Seeks Permit For
 Air Raid Workers

The c. N. &. l.. Company has applied for permission to render "war transportation" service be- tween Waterbury and Middlebury. It seeks to provide bus service to employees of the Waterbury Clock Company located on Park Road Extension in Mlddlebury. A hear ing on the application will be held by the Public Utilities Commission July ? at 2:30 at the state office building in Hartford.
 The following route Is request ed from the junction of Grand view avenue and West Main street on West Main street to its inter- section with Park Road, on Park road to the Waterbury Middle bury town line, continuing to Straits turnpike to Park Road Extension to the Waterbury Clock Company plant.