davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1942-05-17
Restaurants Ordered to Cut
Milk Price to March Level

7 cents since the beginning of the
month.
The Welfare and Recreatiional
Association which operate Al Gov
ernment building lunchrooms re-
ported the highest March price for
milk was cents a half pint and
that it was now selling for that
amount. Pint bottles, however, will
be marked down from 10 cents to
9 cents, the highest March figure,
according to the association.
As contrasted to this, Whelan's
Drug Stores reported selling milk at
7 cents during March. Under the
o. P. A. ruling, this chain may con-
tinue to sell half pints at this price.
Confusion over the question
whether or not the freezing order
affected bottled beverages centered
on a section listing exemptions to
the general price regulation. 1t
read; This regulation shall not
apply TO the following sales or de-
(see MILK, Page A-s5
Evening star., 1942-05-17
W. A. A. C.'sto Face K. P. Duty;
Hopes for Glamour Dispe||ed

an, but the Army program is likely
to be more exacting. The courses
will extend for IL weeks.
Mrs. Hobby, who was trained for
the task that lies ahead by prior
service as chief of the women's in
terest section of the War Depart
ment's public relations section, was
inducted in simple ceremony, save
for the exacting demands of bat
terry of newsreels and news cameras.
The scene was Secretary of War
Stimson's conference room. where
many of the Nations important
military decisions are made.
Clad in a blue suit with white
collar and wearing natural straw
colored hat with a gay crown, the
5-foot 3-inch Texan stood between
two American flags, flanked by Gen.
George c. Marshall, chief Of staff,
in khaki shirt sleeves, and Secre-
tary Stimson. Proud and pleased,
her husband, William P. Hobby,
former Governor Of Texas, watched
the proceedings.
After Maj. Gen. Myron c. Cramer,
judge advocate general, admins
tered the oath. Secretary Stimson
turned to her and said:
THE War Department considers
itself very fortunate to have a
woman of your attainments as
(See w. A. A. G., Page A-9)
Evening star., 1942-05-17
Browder, Leaving Jail,
Saws Hell Promote
Unity for Victory
u. 5. Communist Chief
COMMITTED by President,
Departs From AtIonto
NV the Associated Press.


ATLANTA, May 16. - Earl
Browder, Stocky leader OF the
Communist Party in the United
States, was freed today by PreSi-
dent Roosevelt, who commuted
his four-year Jail sentence with
the assertion it would have a
tendency to promote national
unity"
The 50-year-old Communist, who
himself has aspired to the presi-
dency in three different elections,
had served IA months in the Federal
Penitentiary here for Justification in
obtaining a passport.
Upon liberation, Browder said
freedom would enable him Ito take
my place in the great war effort. y
Then he added, Il hope that
everyone who is interested in my
release will make it the occasion, as
I will, to intensity every effort to
weld unbreakable national unity
under the Commander nj Chief for
victory in the war.
Leaves on New York Train.
That is as far as my plans can
60 now, until I have had a brief
period of reorientation Browder
said he would leave tonight on a
New York train.
Meanwhile, Communist party
(See BROWDER, Page A-2)
Evening star., 1942-05-17

who care nothing for the Japanese-a people who are
looked on for potential assistance when and if an
American British Army lands in Europe to crush
Hitlersm.
Invasion Seen Welcome.
In fact say that half the Italian people now
would welcome such an Allied invasion as possible
means of freeing them from the humiating grip held
by the Germans.
Not single anti-Amercan demonstration-even an
officially organized one-has been reported in Italy.
Many Italians in all walks of life have sought
cason to tell Americans of their personal friendship
We were regarded only nominal friendly
enemies. Few the italian families which do not
know some relative or friend who has found oppor
tunity and better way of life in the United States
Shortly before left Rome Italian of only
casual acquaintance, knowing I was about to leave.
embraced with Latin effusiveness and sad
Give my respects to MI. Roosevelt
And, mind you, this incident occurred despite
the presence of nearby guard
The incident rare, but the sentiment not
Disiusonment General
Regret and disillusionment then, are general as
one astute observer confirmed to me. But he found,
like Others that popular reaction is marked rather by
resignation than by indignation by of futiity
than any will to bring about corrective action.
Italians await leader. Discomfort with
MusSolin and his Fascism is more marked than ever.
II Duce made his war declaration against the
United States in the of King Victor Emmanuel.
While the monarch may still be respected by his
people, many Italians said this showed once again
that the senile little impotent in politics.
Little hope rests in Crown Prince Umberto The
Italian press, incidentally, refers to him as
crown prince; always merely the Prince of Pied
mont. The Fascist grand council itself has reserved
the right to eventual succession to the throne
Yet Umberto once the white hope of anti-Fascists
because of his reported hostility toward Mussolini
appears to have made his peace with Fascism.
Recently Named to Post.
Only recently Mussolini appointed Umberto
mander of armies grouped in Central and Southern
Italy Sicily and Sardinia The princes first order
of the day ended with Hail to II Duce'
The army and the house of Savoy nevertheless may
be the salvation of Italy. Many Italians look for
military dictatorship the eventual successor to
Fascism, with Fascist policies and administrative
forms retained but without MuSsoinian oppression.
No revolution could succeed without the support of
the army And the army always has been and con-
tinues to be loyal to the House of Savoy.
Only when rebellion is reasonably sure of success
with the aid of the army and possible military sup
port in Europe from the United Nations is it likely to
come, in the view of many.
With Germany so weakened that Hitler's army no
longer could Mussoini's buwark the King
might then dismiss his premier and appoint a sue
with the full support of the loyal Italian
Evening star., 1942-05-17
Allied Bombers
Destroy 8 Jap
Planes at Lac

ALLIED HEADQUARTERS, Aus
tralia Sunday. May II CPy.-Allied
planes in three new attacks on the
Japanese air base at Lac, North
eastern New Guinea, destroyed eight
enemy bombers on the ground, shot
down one challenging Zero fighter
and started numerous fires among
buildings, Gen. MacArthur's head
quarters announced today.
Allied bombers also attacked De-
boyne Island, in the Louisiade Archi-
pelago, where an enemy seaplane
was damaged.
The latest raids upon Lac fol-
lowed a smashing Friday assault
which left big fires blazing at the
Japanese air base.
The communique text:
New Guinea: Lac: Our air force
attacked the airdrome three times.
Eight japanese bombers were de-
stroyed on the ground, hits were
made on anti-aircraft positions, run
ways and buildings. Numerous fires
were started. One Zero-type fighter
was shot down.
"Deboyne Island: An enemy sea-
plane was damaged in an attack by
allied bombers.
Evening star., 1942-05-17

Restaurants and drugstores
and other establishments here
that have, increased the price
of milk consumed on the prem
ises since the first of April must
cut their prices back to March
levels, a new Office of Price Ad-
ministration ruling disclosed yes
terday.
Bottled and counter mixed bever-
ages sold for consumption on the
premises also are subject to the
same ruling.
Many establishments which were
selling half pints of milk for 5 cents
during March, increased the price
to cents following a raise in the
wholesale price.
An official of Peoples Drug Store
which operates the city's largest
drug chain of so stores, said yester-
day they had ordered their milk
marked down to 5 cents per half
pint, the retain price In March. The
company has been selling milk at
Evening star., 1942-05-17
Russian Forces Press
SIashing Advance in
Kharkov Sector
Fighting Is Raging in
Vicinity Of Kereh,
Moscow Asserts
BY the Associated Press.

by tft hSSOSIdlcO FIcSs
MOSCOW, May II Sunday
Tank-paced forces of Marshal
Semeon Timoshenko continued
their SlaShing advance on Khar-
kov yesterday while on the Kerch
Peninsula heavy fighting ragged
in the vicinity of the city of
Kerch, on the narrow strait
across from the Caucasus, the
Russians announced officially
today.
In the Kharkov direction our
troops waged offensive battles, sue
cessfully advancing and capturing
booty and prisoners" the midnight
Soviet communique said.
"On the Kerch Peninsula our
troops waged stubborn battles in
the region of the city of Kerch. y
CThe Germans claimed yesterday
the town and harbor of Kerch had
fallen to Nazi armsD
The Russians listed 10 more Ger
man tanks disabled-presumably on
the Khardov front, where more
than 400 of the Nazi vehicles have
been reported damaged or destroyed
previously in the uninterrupted Red
Army drive.
Transport and Destroyer Sunk.
In the Barents Sea, the commu-
nique said an 8.000-ton enemy trans
port and destroyer were sunk and
a second destroyer neavlly damaged
and apparently sunk by Soviet
planes and warshipS.
Destruction of Sc German planes
was credited to Russian airmen and
ground forces on Friday against l3
Soviet losses.
Supplementing the communique,
dispatches from the Kharkov front
said locality after locality was be-
ing captured by Timoshenko's men.
Our offensive is developing every
day said one account. The enemy
is unable to stop our advance" Four
German counterattacks have been
smashed"
In a sudden eruption of fighting
on the Kalinin front, northwest of
Moscow, the Germans were declared
repulsed in repeated attacks. The
communique itself said that outside
the Kerch and Kharkov sectors
there had been no essential change
in positions.
Enter Many Communities.
Earlier accounts OF the Kharkov
offensive said yesterday the Rus
slams had battered their way into
many communities surrounding the
big industrial center in the might
offensive aimed at folding back the
southern wing of Hitlers invasion
line.
(Still without confirmation
were advices current in London
that the attackers had cracked
[r, ~yyrryANY -. oA
Evening star., 1942-05-17

merely offer declaration of solidarity with Japan
but wouldn't 60 beyond that.
Had Sold War to People.
Hitler had able to sell" his war to the German
people by claiming
That the Poles seized the Geiwitz radio station be-
fore German troops moved;
That the British and French declared a state of
war existed with Germany.
That the British already were their way to Nor
way when. for protection of Denmark and Norway
he sent his forces into those countries
That Holland, Belgium, Greece and Yugoslava
plotted against Germany and already on the
when he forestalled them;
That the Russians already modified against
the Reich when at the llth hour he parried with
a counter stroke
The rank and file of German people-even
those millions who do not approve his policies
thought Der Fuehrer too smart" to declare
Astounding News to People.
President Roosevelt was represented especially
as man already in his dotage. Give him little
more rope-so the Germans were led to believe
and he would hang himself. Above all, don't play
into his hands, the watch cry. He wants war,
1t was sad-in fact Roosevelt is running after war
50 don't do him the favor of giving him a
And then on December II the astounding the
amazing. the unbelievable thing happened-Hitler
declared war This was like ice-cold shower to
the German people. Their leader was slipping
Although he had promised the completion Of
the greatest victory in history during l94l" which
every Teuton interpreted to victorious peace
after but two years of war, he told the people
to get ready for prolonged conflict
incidentally, this conflict to date according to
best estimates available has $500 casualties
for Germany. of which three-quarters of a million
are dead.
Psychologically, too, Hitler slipping.
We American journalists were guests of the
Gestapo while the Fuehrer spoke to the Reichstap
on December II, hence didn't hear that oratorical
effort.
End Talk With Threats.
We were genuinely surprised however when one
OF our guards next day in return TOR cigarettes slipped
us copy of Berlin daily containing his text and
we noted how the German dictator ended his speech
not with pep talk to fire the nation but with dire
threats against saboteurs at home.
We had hitherto considered Hitler better psy-
chologist
Correspondents who consider themselves acouaint-
ed with German psychology also believe it was a
grave error to present the German people with the
fable about the heart disease of Field Marshal Gen.
Walter Won Brauchitsch Christmas gift.
Large sections of the German people look soldiers
OF the old school of which Won Brauchitsch disciple
Of the late Col Gen Werner Won Fritsch was an out
standing representative their last hope to stave
OF the worst aspects of Naz domination over an
enslaved people.
Evening star., 1942-05-17
War Review Says u. S. Thrusts
Have Affected Jap Strategy
Naval and Air Raids 10y Groundwork
For Period of Offensive Action

of the Coral Sea and Macassar
Straits, the feats of American sub
marines in the Far Pacific and the
numerous raids by American planes
based on Australia.
The communique summarized war
activities in general terms only, and
for the most part related facts which
had been made available piecemeal
to the public from time to time
Most of it was devoted to the Phil
ippine conflict.
1t did, however contain some new
details of the fighting that had
taken place, and conclusions drawn
from it. Among these things, it said :
During the first three weeks Of the
(See WAR REVIEW, Page A-12J
Evening star., 1942-05-17
Towers Is Assistant
Naval Chief for Air

BY the Associated Press.
Rejecting the rapidly growing i'm
portance of air power in sea war
fare, the Navy yesterday created
the office of assistant chief of naval
operations for air and assigned to
the post Rear Admiral John H.
Towers, pioneer aviation enthusiast.
Admiral Towers will continue in
his present capacity as chief of the
Bureau of Aeronautics in addition
to his new duties. He will be re-
sponsible directly to Vice Admiral
Frederick j. Horne, vice chief Of
naval operations.
Evening star., 1942-05-17

Won Brauchitsch's resignation"
and Hitler's assumption of the su-
preme army command acted like a
bombshell. The removal of the
marshal further put the German
people in the doldrums.
Besides, the older generation re-
membered only too we'll how the
United States in 1917 gave the de-
cisive turn to the last World War.
Spellbinders Unconvincing.
Would history repeat itself? That
was the question on millions of lips.
The answer by party spellbinders
that this was a new type of war
didn't seem convincing. The very
fact that this is chiefly a mechanical
war raised the gravest doubts of
German victory in the minds of the
common people in the Reich when
Americas participation was insured
by Hitler's war declaration. For
every schoolboy in Germany knows
America is tops in mechanics.
AS II 1t were not enough, the talk
ative little Dr. Goebbels felt i'm
PEELED to inject himself into the sit
uation with two radio addresses to
the German people on December 20
and on Christmas Eve. If ever he
struck a wrong note it was in those
two speeches.
At time when people in Germany
were freezing for want of coal and
when no more real" wool was avail
able and furs were practically un-
obtainable, DR.. Goebbels four days
before Christmas asked the nation
to give up pelts and other warm
things and have them shipped to the
Russian front.
German people couldn't believe
their ears.
Only q few weeks previously q
weekly newsreel had been brought
/QAA Y0OYYST0 Bo0n XgN
Evening star., 1942-05-17
Malta Buqs Z Axis Planes

VALLE1'TA. Malta, May 16 (P).-
The R. A. F. destroyed two Axis
planes and damaged four others in
fights here today, a communique
announced.
This brought to- seven the number
Of Axis planes destroyed over the
fortress from noon Thursday.
Evening star., 1942-05-17

(Tert OF Army-Nauy War Repiep
on Page A-24J
BY the Associated Press.
A joint Army-Navy communi-
que, reviewing the progress of
the war to date, asserted last
night that during a period of
preparation for offensive action
a number of successful thrust"
at the Japanese had worked a
lasting effect upon the strategic
situation"
Among such strokes, 1t listed the
naval raids on the Gilbert and Mar
shall Islands, Wake Island, Marcus
Island, and the bombing of Japan
itself. 1t included, too, the destruc-
ton Of Japanese ships in the battles
Evening star., 1942-05-17


Apparently he also so effectively
stunned even his own intimate
followers that Propaganda Minis
ter Paul Joseph Goebbels, hitherto
master mind at propaganda, for
once failed correctly to estimate
German psychology.
For weeks and months the Nazi
slogan in response to unfriendly
acts by the United States had
been: I'VE won't let ourselves be
provoked"
Even after Japan attacked the
United States German friends and
acquaintances in every walk of
lifo uit1or u,n,,Jl
Evening star., 1942-05-17
Will Abandon All
Plants Not Ready
By Mid-lo43
(Tert OF Shipbuildtng Statement
on Page ABB

Virtually all contracts for war
plants which cannot be COM
pleted by midi will be can
celled, a War Production Board
spokesman said last night, pre-
sumably to concentrate all avail
able materials on production of
enough weapons and ships to
bring a quicker victory.
This development coincided with
q White House statement that the
cargo shipbuilding program is ION
schedule" with American shipyards
building merchant vessels now
faster than ever before in the his
tory of the world" although still
increased production is needed to
relieve the ship shortage.
The drastic w. P. B. decision
giving complete emphasis to Chair
man Donald M. Nelson's do it
now philosophy-means that ap-
proximately two-thirds of all the
war plant construction approved
or under contract will be aban-
doned, the spokesman said.
w. P. B. was said to have been
guided to this decision by two jor
considerations: Severe shortages of
raw materials and belief that de-
velopments this spring and summer
may spell turning point in the war.
Shortage of Raw Materials.
1t was explained that construc-
ton will be pushed on such facili-
ties as synthetic rubber and avia-
tion gasoline plants, but will be cut
down on such projects as new steel
plants.
The raw materials pinch" has
reached the point. it was under
stood, where w. P. B. now has
determined to concentrate avail
able supplies on production of arms
and munitions rather than on the
plants in which they are made.
The program was described in
this manner:
Facilities already substantially
under way will be completed. All
war construction authorized or
under contract, but not yet begun,
will be reviewed and evaluated on
the basis of answers to four ques-
tions; Is the project absolutely nee
essary? Can existing plants or
facilities be used instead of new
construction? How much of drain
will it be on materials supplies?
When would it be in production?
Further, if and when new plants
are approved in the future, they
will be erected strictly as temporary
buildings - probably constructed
largely of wood and using little if
any steel.
Steel to Go Into Ships and Guns.
Prospects of a major 1912 often
sive by the United Nations, it was
understood, developed some appre-
hension that if too much emphasis
were placed on 1943 war production
goals, this years output might be
hampered seriously. Thus, w. P. B.
has determined to produce 10000
planes, $4,000 tanks and 100000
tons of shipping in 1912 and deal
with the vastly increased program
for 1943 when that time comes, Of
flcials explained.
On this basis, steel supplies will
60 into ships and guns and tanks
which are needed Immediately,
rather than into new steel plants
which cannot be completed until
late next year or in 1914. One
spokesman predicted that the plan
ned 10000 ,O00-ton expansion of the
Nations steel capacity probably
would be reduced to around 5,000,-
900 tons
The White House statement on
shipping declared the American
(See PRODUCTION. Page abb
Evening star., 1942-05-17

1taly'S future as an ally OF Ger
many and Japan is unpredictable.
A collapse from a food Short
age within this year or the next
seems unlikely. Neither does an
economic breakdown seem immi-
nent, because of assistance being
given by Germany in this sphere.
Without any organized opposi-
ton under competent leadership,
the Fascist regime probably is Sc
cure for some time to come.
Yet the war against the United
States is unpopular and some OBJ
servers see in Italy a people who
Evening star., 1942-05-17
BY RICHARD G. MASSOCK.

LISBON, May 16.-Benito Mussolini is leading
a hungry, disillusioned and apathetic Italy in an
unpopular war against the United States
The wars unpopularity has been manifest in
various ways to Americans who waited five
months for repatriation after the Duce of Ease
ism uttered the fateful words which placed his
people at war with yet another enemy last
December H.
Evening star., 1942-05-17
By ALVIN ]. STEINKOPF,

LISBON, May 16.-Seventy-
four bedraggled citizens of the
United StateS-diplomatS, news
correspondents and their fam
ilieS-arrived in Lisbon at tbs
o'clock tonight after five months
of internment in Germany.
They were on the first of three
special trains which are bringing
1872 United States citizens and l2O
Central and South Americans from
concentration points IN Germany,
where they had awaited compile
ton of tedious negotiations for ex-
change of German diplomats and
newsmen In the Western Hemi-
sphere.
One hundred and twenty five
Americans already had arrived in
Lisbon from Italy.
All are to go home on the diplo-
matte exchange snip Drottningholm,
which docked here today and began
discharging 923 Germans, Italians,
Bulgarians and Hungarians The
Drottningholm's sailing is sched-
uled for May 81.
Group Is Hungry but Happy"
Among the Americans from Italy
were the Rev. Hiram Gruber Woolf
of Elmira, N. Y, rector of st. Paul's
American Episcopal Church In
Rome, who was arrested November
18 on suspicion of espionage; Harold
Denny, New York Times cCr-
respondent, and Maj. Michael Buck
ley, United States Army observer,
both of whom were captured in
Libya before the Axis went to war
against the United States.
The Americans reaching here to-
night from Germany we're dirty and
hungry, but mostly in good health
ICon CTETNEODE pace AA0
Evening star., 1942-05-17
BY LOUIS p. P.LOCHNER.

LISBON, May 16.-Adof Hitler committed the
greatest blunder Of his career when he took on
himself the odium of declaring war on the United
States. That is the opinion held by those of us
who lived in Germany and believe we understand
German psychology
The Fuehrer completely flabbergasted the Ger
Evening star., 1942-05-17
W. P. B. to Cancel It's Contracts
For Two-Thirds Of War Factories
Concentrate on Arms and Ships
War on u. S. HtIer's Big B|under, Italians
Ready to Aid Invaders, Freed Writers Say

o.ydas t
time the b T condition Germany tay
p m Of h p G. hd o. the Rome
Mr. Loh"r
covered EMopen naHgm in tie las 10 rUssMsefo oRmefsI
Evening star., 1942-05-17

Radio Programs Poee E-4
Complete Index Poge Az
Evening star., 1942-05-17
Americans Who Left
Germany Find France
Unhappy, Helpless
Newsmon Tells Of Some
Cheering Incidents in
'lond Of Depression

AlUin J. Steinkopf, natiue of
Minnesota, former chief OF Asso-
ciated Press bureaus in Vienna
ard Budapest and for the last
tt0o and one-halt years assigned
to Germany, drriued in Lisbon
yesterday and in this story tells
OF his trip Rcross France, an
illuminating Journey despite con-
stant suspicious scrutiny by the
GeStdpO.
Evening star., 1942-05-17

The Evening and Sunday Star Is
delivered in the city and suburbs at
75c per month. The Night Final
Edition and Sunday Morning Star at
85c per month.
Evening star., 1942-05-17

(See RUSSIAN, Page A-3)
Evening star., 1942-05-17

(Tert OF Army-Nauy War Repie,D
on Page A-24.J
Evening star., 1942-05-17

(See STEINKOPF, Page A-4)
Evening star., 1942-05-17
Weather Forecast

Moderately cool today, with gentle
winds Temperatures yesterday: High
est, 10, at 600 pm; lowest, 50, at 7:30
am.
From the United States Weather Bureau report.
Full Details on PAGE Az.
Evening star., 1942-05-17

(See GASOLINE, Page A-40