davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The voice of labor. (Cumberland, Md.) 1938-1942, 1942-07-16
WLB Grants
Textile Pay Hike

WASHINGTON - Between 1900
and 5000 textile workers In nine New
England finishing mills will get
wage increases ranging from five
TO seven cents an hour under an
order Issued this week b. The Ma
tlonal War Labor Board
The decision, handed down BY a
six 70 three vote. with the three
employer members OF the Board
dissenting was made in ~ effort
TO remove inequalities between wage
rates IN New England mills ana
those in the metropolitan area. OF
New York ard New Jegsey.
The voice of labor. (Cumberland, Md.) 1938-1942, 1942-07-16
Free, Equal World
Labor's War Aim,
Says Murray

DETROiT-The peace that will
come from the Work anG sacrifice
o. he WORKER o! the Uni.ed Ma
:ions mus produce a world where
.mpcFislL N and the exploitation Of
the lcss advanced people" give way
70 equa.!t, and well-bcirg for all
PreSiden; Philip Murray said in n
July speech delivered here.
Pres. Murray spoke a: lunch II
honor OF l.. Gen. Brehon Somer-
vel chief o: supply OF the U. S.
Army. All Pre-. VIM. Green and
representatives y. all Michigan or
gained labor we're preSen; a; the
meeting.
After reviewing the contributions
that organized labor has mace 70
planning and TO production for VIC
tory over the Axis. Murray declared:
II 90 rot believe tina. our nation
ma even set fully tapped TIE grca;
reservoir. that lies within the crca-
live abilities o. our wogkmen
Yet Il is ALREADY irue that IN no
other war IN hisior; has labor been
called upon TO PLAY such an impor-
TAFT part.
We must demonstrate III our
everyday life. in our conduct o: our
domestic affairs and OF the war,
hat the promise OF the four free
CONS is a universal pledge.
Indulgence in racial hatred IN
our country. discrimination agains.
Negroes IN the factories. will serve
ONLY 10 give the Nazi pgopagano!st,
new seeds 10 SOW among those who
already mEirust Our motives"
The voice of labor. (Cumberland, Md.) 1938-1942, 1942-07-16

The CLOS .tdtcmcE Getting ioftu
It's views OIL initiation va i,.ucG
after a campaign inside and Outside
the administration was begun to up-
set the findings OF a National War
Labor Board panel 10 tho effect that
wage increase OF 81 day IN lizzie
steel arc jusi!iiablc
Lost, strayed or stolen tie NU-
usually sprieh;lv statement bc.'i..
Ono indiyisiblc seven poin' ANT
initiation program disappeared while
being taken Tor ride down Penn
sylvania avenue. Reward Tor prompt
return vii be- national stability.
greater way production greater
striking power advancing the catc
OF victory saving millions o: lives
and billious OF collars
Tho CiO SAID 1t accepted thc
Presidents seven point pgogram
when II wa outlined 10 congFc.
and declared tina; Il was renewing
it, acceptance
We challenge all Who have not
accepted II do likewise. We chal-
lenge the executives Of the little
steel companies and Of the great
industries OF America growing fat
OH war contract. The commercialized
and boulevard farms and tho con-
gressional spokesman oi al thr.c
groups !, ADDED
TAN PLANS TWISTED
The tax program OF the aom!nisi-
ration. the CLIO said. "has been
twisted and distorted beyind re-
cognilion." Industry. business. and
large sections OF the press treated
President RooSeyelt's proposal 10
limi, personal net income 10 $4,000
a year as indecent and probably
illegal Ceilings on prices have been
lifted. rationlng has been done or
I'D bit basis with clumsincss
that has generated dissatisfaction
and suspicion" wages are being
stabilized. and tho government has
effectively discouraged inStallment
buying
This. then. the cIo summarized
Is tho sorry record OF the indi"-
Sible seven point ant!-inflatio;. pFo-
gram 20 DAYS after It was proposed ~
The statement concluded. This Is
One battle against Hit.e, We can
win herr IN tic L S. b. our onn
conScn; and agreement, When do
we stare"
The voice of labor. (Cumberland, Md.) 1938-1942, 1942-07-16
Three Union
File
Candidacy

Eva Mcssics Chance. vile OF l.
II. Req" CLANCY. and 4 member
OF Local 1874. Textile wcrkcrs Union
OF America. las; week became a
candidate iot the state House oil
Delegates. subicc. Ia the Rcpub-
lean primarf.
MI Chancy. born ~ South
Branch " Va. has lived ~ Cum
bertrand lor "a years she attended
RomNcy " Va High School and
cathcrmanS Business College. and
ha., preyiousl' wor.td a, the Kelly
Springfield Tire Co and cclancse
Corporation Of America plant. She
ha, been membc. Of tho Textile
Union ever since The iirst oFgani-
1iug drive started
Mr. Chanc, became the frs
member OF labor union IN Allesany
count, 20 file for any political post.
Stephen L CcsEick. United Mine
Worker. Local 2003. III Klond!ke
later filed his candidacy for post
IN tho State House OF Delegates
subject 10 the Democratic party
while Harry Robertson. a member OF
Local 6Ol2. United Mino workcr.
in Midland. announced that hc
would fiie his candidacy shortly ior
the State House OF Delegate. also
.ubiect 70 the Democratic pgimarf
ISSUES STATEMENT
In announcing her candidacy. Ms
Chancy Issued the following state
mcut
i an q candidate FOR the State
iiouse Of Delegates. subjec' 70 the
Republican primary election, be-
cause l believe that:
THE State OF Maryland should
.Evo,yc Inc greater par, o! its re-
sources ard people in the yic;or.
drive OF or nation. The State
should also maintain and better
the conditions o: the people o.
Maryland In order TO maintain the
health and morale necessary foi
Yictor, over the AXIS.
THE role OF Tire women Of
Maryland Will become increasingly
greater as our war drive progresses
and. therefore. the rolc Of women
in establishing the policies OF our
state will assume greater import
aGcc.
'3-LaDo.. since !; has 20 quickly
gea.ed - activities TO necessary
var work. should receive p-ope;
coz. Iteration IN OIL. legislative
halls
The voice of labor. (Cumberland, Md.) 1938-1942, 1942-07-16
Macar0ni Workers
Win Pay Boost

4 three and one hall cent an
hour increase was won Tor IS maca-
rom WORKERS IN the Cumberland
Macaroni Co. last week. George A.
Meyers and Senator Robert Kimble.
who assisted a committee from the
United Macaroni Workers Local In
duStrial Union, announced.
Tie increase was negotiated after
more than three weeks OF conferen.
COS. they said.
The voice of labor. (Cumberland, Md.) 1938-1942, 1942-07-16

From thousands OF te!egTaNs, let
tcrs and resolutions from United
Mine Worker Locals. pouring into
CLIO Pre-. Philip Murra"'s of.icc-all
pledging Loyalty TO him and the
CIO-thc growing reSen;ment OF the
rank ard iilc emphasizes these
points:
i--Injusi!ce vas done President
MURRAY by Lewis and the Executive
Board in vacating the office OF vice
president without the consent Of
the voters that elected him
An almos' universal demand
thai the miners pay their pc- capita
tax 20 the Clio
3-Demands from virtually ever!
provisional d.s;ric: In the Mine
WORKERS foy autonomy. More thar
20 pr cen; OF The m.EcrS are with
OFT autonomy
DENOMINATION Of Lewis fol
elias flying money contributed 10 the
Clio as "loans"
"A wholes ale backing OF Presi.
dent Murray's ali-ou. var efior,
with hundreds OF references &C
labor Quisl!ngs who secs 30 so7
national disunijy"
5000 MESSAGES
III addition 70 tho formal actor
taken b. tire UGiIcd Mire Worexer'
local. Murray has received nearl,
5000 personal messages and letter.
from individual coal miners since
the action taken against him Hun
dreds OF these letters a. well a.
cores Of locals arc demanding
that he place Ms name o. '.ie bal.
lot al the miners election and "ie'
The ranE and iilc speas
Murgays own local UuioH L6ca
1897 OF CokebuFs Pa. unanimously
voted supper o. him and his poll
cic.. Tiils vas ouc OF the local,
which demanded thai 10 gun iol
Office The telegram waS signed BY
Lee Karpon. presidert and Jo'
SoioTaiil-. secretary
SUPPORT FDR
Local 3422 CokcburE Junction
Pa and Local 1853. Maidslillc "
Va. IN dcnouncing the action o.
Lewis were Likewise typical u
their backing OF Prcsidcn' Roosc.
volt.
Re olYed that the member &c.
Clare their full support o. the Presi.
den; OF the United States. that ~
express our full LOYALTY 10 the CIC
ana Philip Murray: tina; az con.
denim all labor Quislings vino sees
to ADVANCE their personal power,
a, the expense oi on: nation sale
Local 1922
Local 4Oj3 declared We co no
believe In d!ctaio-s IN Europe. arc
NC certainly Go TO; want dictator,
IL this couniry."
Hundreds o! invitation 70 Presi'
dent Murray 10 speak in the yaE!oul
districts OF tho United Workers "st
that the coal miners MAJ let 20,
know personally that they arc baci
OF YOU. we're received
The voice of labor. (Cumberland, Md.) 1938-1942, 1942-07-16
Teamsters Show
Proof of Puddin'
Is In Eating

WINCHESTER. VA A strike
OF 10 National Fruit Co driver
members OF Transfers Local
453. AFI. entered rs third week
icdar. Charles S,utzman. Team
stcrS business agent who !,
aiding the strikers. reported
Tic truck drivers wen. ou'
Oh strike after the company re-
fused 20 recognize the union and
,ign q contract. Tho compan,
coniended that an NLRB c!cc-
non W., necessary 10 prove that
all OF tic i6 men wanted tho
Transfers union a. bargaining
agent. Tic men proved 1t them.
sclrcS-all o! them TONED the
picket line
The voice of labor. (Cumberland, Md.) 1938-1942, 1942-07-16
Call OF Celebration

Tue 1892 Labor Day celebration,
sponsored b. the Labor Day Cele-
Dration Committee composed OF
most OF tire CLIO unions in Western
Maryland. was called off and the
committee disbanded for the year.
1t was decided at a committee meet
ing In Eckhart. july IL.
The voice of labor. (Cumberland, Md.) 1938-1942, 1942-07-16

A. the same time that Robertson
moved up from the position o; frs;
v!cc-presldcncy, the council elected
Boyd Coleman. Local 1874 delegate.
TO second v!ce-presideni. and BoyG
Parton. Local 1874 delegate. 10 hold
the pos; OF secrciary-,reasmer re-
placing william c. Smith who re-
signed
Robertson. in accepting the preS:-
dency. announced tina, tic union ~
which he held membership. Local
G0i2, had not Withdrawn from the
council. Il was reported later. that
Local 20o3 ard Local 6S8i United
Mine WORKERS OF America. had also
voted 10 remain IN the council.
The Withdrawals of three other
United Mine Workers locals. 1865
In Vindcx. 1923 in Barton ard 1904
In Midlothian from the council was
accepted. bringing 10 five the total
number OF UNIV locals that have
voted 10 disaaillaie from tic CLIO
body.
POLITICAL COMMITTEE
Other Developments IN tho july
regular council meeting we're:
Tie appointment OF George Con-
ley. fraternal Brewer Workers
delegate: Roy Davr Local &c.
URwA. delegate. ard Charles Wade.
Local 1874 delegate, to political
committee 20 ass!s, a State clio
council political committee IL cleo
ton activity. The State CLIO Coun-
ell committee. as announced b.
George A. Meyers. State CLIO pres
dent. IS composed OF john G. Tho
ma. BOYD Coleman and Ralph
Beard who were assigned 10 develop
western Maryland election action
fo- labor:
The endorsement OF Mrs. Eva
Chaney. Stephen L. CcsnicE and
Harry Robertson. whose canoidacy
for the State House of Delegates.
subject to Republican and Demo-
cratic party primaries. was an
nounced:
Endorsed john Grimes, Local
60i2. UNIV. member for post
Oh the Allesany county price and
ra,!oning board:
Gave q rising vote OF appreciation
to Joseph Barley. former secretary
OF the council. who enlisted in the
L. S. Army:
Seated Mrs. BeraaGettc Trost.
United Laundry Workers delegate.
and Kenneth Toohey, Local 1874
delegate:
Robertson announced that the
next meeting OF the council will
be held in the Rubber Workers Hall,
Thursday evening. July % al 3 p. IN.
The voice of labor. (Cumberland, Md.) 1938-1942, 1942-07-16

TWO OF INC cases. aNuOugn &C.
c!ded In favor OF the three county
workers disabled Vh!lc a, work OF
as result OF the work. MAJ be
brough; before the courts IN APP
peals taken BY the companies. The
third case. which ALREADY has been
brought before The Allcgany coun;%
Circuit Court where the decision ol
the State Industrial Accident Com
mission was Upheld. IS 20 GO be.
fore still higher cour, IN octo-
bcF.
The eases a. reported b. Duk.
A"nc.. labor a';ofrtY VINO Won
favorable decisions on all three
eases. are
THE Ssmuo! Blank cast deal
ing with the question OF whether
an employee IS entitled 20 compen-
aaiion when an attacE OF typhoid
is sustained as a result o! his driES-
inp polluted water furnished b. tic
company. BLANK a b.ickyard wo:l.-
or In Nj. Savage sustained typhoid
last slunnc, 17le case is 20 so BE-
fore the Fourth Judicial Circuit
Court IN October
Tho benjamin. II STDaGgh
case dealing with the question ..
whether ores and aaiv ski: which
developed on S!rbaugh's DoGy were
the result ~ disease" or tho
rcsul, OF chemicals being sprayed or
ms body when e gasket ~ the Cei-
ancSc plan blew OFT Sirbaugn. n
Cclanc,c worker and Local 1874
member. haa been disabled Fiace
the accident las, slmmcs. The
The voice of labor. (Cumberland, Md.) 1938-1942, 1942-07-16
Barley EnIists
In Army

Joseph Barley. Local 1874 vice
president. became a buck private IN
the U. S. Army Wednesday after
enllsting a week earlier.
Barley. well-sEown baseball
player In his younger days. also
served as secretary OF the w. Nd.
Industrial Union Council and chair
man Of the Local 1874 Legislative
Committee.
The voice of labor. (Cumberland, Md.) 1938-1942, 1942-07-16
Auxiliary Holds
Outdoor Party
On July Is

A weincr roast-bccr party spon'
Sercd b. tho Womens AuxiliarS.
CLIO. will be held at Minkic's Poo
al s p. III. OF July IS. The admission
is $50 per person which entities
ever ticket holder 10 all the vciner
sandwiches and beer they can con-
sumo.
Tickets for the Tcincr roast ara
OF sale a, the Textile Workers Hall.
the Voice OF Labor office. the Rubber
Workers Hall and from all Auxi-
liary members
The voice of labor. (Cumberland, Md.) 1938-1942, 1942-07-16
Tax Bill
Sabotage
Charged

WASlllNGTON.-A hand
full of reactionary and ap-
peasement-minded Congress
men on the House Ways and
Means Committee have been
permitted to sabotage the
most important section OF the
country's war economic pro-
gram" Go Vice Pres. Reid
Robinson. a member of the
Go Tax Committee. declared
in a Mutual Broadcasting
System network speech on
the 1912 tax bill week.
This group, he charged. is respon-
sible Tor completing a lax bill that
rot only falls IS billion Gollars
short OF the new taxes ve need 70,
an offensive and vicio.y IN 1892
but also has sadd!ed the create.
par; OF the burden on the low IL
come groups. while letting the veal
tiny and the big corporations OF
lightly
Robinson vino |. 4 membc- o. the
CLIO National Committee. or Taxa
ton and p.cSider, OF the Mine
Mil and Smelter Workers. warned
his listeners that the sales tax
while voted down IN the committee
is still a serious danger 70 the vic
tory drive.
The danger lies. he pointed our.
In the TACT that the 3.j billion
deficit will haze TO be made I'D
somehow, which will give a signal
10 sales tax minded Congressman
and the forces behind them
SALES TAN TALK
Confirming Robinson warming
newspapers Throughout the wees:
were filled with rumors tina. The
sales tax would be brought up
again. either on the floor during
debate or IN later sessions OF the
Ways and Means group. II was
learned that some Congressman
we're planning a poll OF the House
to sound out" sentiment on a
sales tax of five per cent. Such
tax, 1t was explained, would pro.
duce approximately the amount b.
which the committee failed &c
achieve" the Treasury request.
Robinson stressed the Commit.
tees failure TO meet the needs Of
the new victory tax program, point.
Ing out that 1t had completely e.
Iored the Presidents seven-poin'
message calling for high taxes or
profits and big incomes. while 4
stepped up already steep rates OF
low incomes.
He cited examples TO show thai
the Committee. while bearing dowr
heavily on the family with littl,
money. was very easy on the well.
to-do and the wealthy"
The voice of labor. (Cumberland, Md.) 1938-1942, 1942-07-16
Extend Compensation

MANTENo. H.. FPI-A 3-year
fight BY the Illinois Federation oil
Labor came to conclusion when
the state supreme court reversed an
earlier decision and approved COM
pensation Tor WORKER who caueh,
typhoid fever while working AZ the
Illinois tNSte Hospital here.
The voice of labor. (Cumberland, Md.) 1938-1942, 1942-07-16

RICHMOND. Va.-What will 80
down IN the history oil the struggle
for human rights rs the 1870 poll
,aN irameup came 70 an end July
: when odell Waller, negro share
cropper. IA. olectrocuted for the
alleged murder OF nj white land.
/ lord.
The voice of labor. (Cumberland, Md.) 1938-1942, 1942-07-16
Clio Unions Buy
$4,000 In Bonds

More than $4,000 III War Bends
we're purchased By clio unions A.
the bond rally which featured movie
star Loretta Young. Wednesday
Local 1874 which Already has In
vested sli.i0O In var bonds. added
another $1,000 bond while District
l6. United Mine Workers. purchased
a $1,000 bond and John T. Jones
District l6 president. two $1,000
bonds. A number OF UNIV locals
added smaller bond purchases. the
lim!, OF their treasures
The voice of labor. (Cumberland, Md.) 1938-1942, 1942-07-16
Brewers Pick Delegates

Pres. Ory!le Young and Secretary
John M. Hager Of Local 265. United
Brewery Workers. IN Cumberland
have been elected delegates 10 the
2sth Brewery Workers convention
to begin IN 81. Paul, MINI. OF
Sept. II
The voice of labor. (Cumberland, Md.) 1938-1942, 1942-07-16

"a On tire SIR eweTy Satar-
day night on the NBC Red
Network
THE TIME
is:Is P. ~. Eaters War Time
s:fS p. NJ. CssfrGI Wsr Time
s:xSP. N. Afoasfsis. Hsr Tive
1aks y. NJ. PSsI&s Jtsr Tine
kSssy SssSSSSy Assks
xaaER ROR vICToBY ssas
AeboFa cen story, Ia tsbors
sskds. 81 What labor is doing
en- she production front. on the
home ffont. 10 beat the Hitler
Axis In 1885,.
IABOR IOg We TORY 10
shared b, the I 10 ard thu Az
an alternate ird.fs tlO's
Prss Tor tune. Iult and
Aagast same June and -,
Ialy Z ed II, AsEsss ]. -
81 -
The voice of labor. (Cumberland, Md.) 1938-1942, 1942-07-16
RIXETS All MTILER

BPCCKLYN. y. Y.--'FP' - 4
cs,r .. y.yeyeers. all OF whom ere
members OF the Industrial Union n
Marine and Sh.pbuilding Workers
,CIoi. set new national record
when ,hey droye a.Ta3 inch riyeiS
I. in Is. hours.
The voice of labor. (Cumberland, Md.) 1938-1942, 1942-07-16
HARMS HiiIer7

NEW ORLEANS CF'Pl--Orsaniza-
ton OF workers harms the war ei-
fort. the U. S. circuit court OF APP
peals held in decision voiding an
NLRB order against the Southern
Bell Telephone company union.
Whose war-Hitler's?
The voice of labor. (Cumberland, Md.) 1938-1942, 1942-07-16
Price Control Cracks;
War Effort Shaken
by LYLE BOWLING
United Electrical Workers News. Clio


structure crack this week ong extent the few controls that
placed the o Living
in n
all and Henderson Admins
ira a a
For IIndrson funds louder his
o ceilings left les and o
The voice of labor. (Cumberland, Md.) 1938-1942, 1942-07-16
Lost Strayed or Stolen
AnAnti-InfIationP Plan

WASHINGTON (FP-Pr. Roosevelt ninfion
reduced the n
advo of wage cczng
the all and
dropping duck
tn donothng the i,oniss andd
The voice of labor. (Cumberland, Md.) 1938-1942, 1942-07-16
Fights Housing Project

WASHINGTON lFPl-Ihe Ford
Motor Co. launched hghi 10 pre-
vent erection OF federal housing for
workers at the huge Willow Run
bomber plant.
The voice of labor. (Cumberland, Md.) 1938-1942, 1942-07-16

COMPANY IS attempting 20 show tina,
S!rbaush's case IS a disease and
that the disease IS not compcn-
sable under the occupat!onal dis
ease Law. A decision was rendered
in Sirbaughs favor las week. and
the compar' has 30 day in which
10 appeal.
SILICOSIS
3-Thc Simon Cation case dealing
with the question OF whether Cation
sustained sillcosis while at work
IN the Big Savage Rcirac;ories Co
clay pi.s. Tie accident commission
found that the clay miner had tus-
tanned sillcosls and that he was to-
tally disabled. The recent decision
may bc appealed Cation lives 81
Z.hlman and IS member .; To-
cal 100. United Construction WORK
crs.
TIC Ca.on case. Airet explained
t. probably the mos; significant; OF
The three cases because It IS one OF
tho Grs' si..cosS cases tried ir
Maryland and Il calls into play
tic new occupa,.oEal disease law
which is 30 se!cciivc ard limited
Ii application az TO MAKE g diff
cul, for worker 10 rccoyc! M
der il;
A,nc' termed tho occupa:.onal
d. a.. 2 .aR &c %ols, - i.e u-
t!rc countrt and said the Cation
case b5ough: % light the urgent
need for some Go.m O. protection
tor clay miner aSalns' this form
OF disease.
The voice of labor. (Cumberland, Md.) 1938-1942, 1942-07-16
LoyaIiy2

BEAUMONT. Tex. lFP)-MaloF
oil refineries. sh!pyards and even
department stores In Martin Dies
home district are conducting an
anti-union petitIon-s!gr!ng cam
paign among loyal employees
The voice of labor. (Cumberland, Md.) 1938-1942, 1942-07-16
Robertson Is New
Council President

Harry Robertson delegate from Local 60l2. Midland
United Mine Workers assumed the presidency of the West
ern Maryland Industrial Union Council replacing Lindley
Dye whose resignation accepted by council delegates
at a meeting last week.
The voice of labor. (Cumberland, Md.) 1938-1942, 1942-07-16
Mine Locals
Voice Faith
In MURRAY

WASlllNGT0N-A rumbling protest against the high
handed tactics of John L. Lewis first felt through his hest
fancy in backing the nations effort is daily growing
in volume in the United Mine Workers.
The voice of labor. (Cumberland, Md.) 1938-1942, 1942-07-16
State Accident Board
Rules on CountyCases

The names of three Allegany county work@s-centra
figures in three important decided by the State Indus
trial Accident Insurance Commissonwcre destined to go
down forever in law and history books landmarks in the
extension and Qualification of the State Compensation Act
The Waterbury Democrat., 1942-06-25
METALLURCY JOBS
 START AT $2,6OO

The local board of the U. s. Clvil Service commission has announces 2, opening for scientific positions n the fields of metallurgy, physics meteorology, and chemistry. sal all aries range from $2,6OO to $O'oV' per year. oo,,,ss on the optional subject at a recog., nized college and g minimum ol two years professional experience are required. No written test wil! be given. Applicants will be judged from their experience, educataor and training.
 Further information may be oo- tained at the civil service window in the postoffice building.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1942-06-25
|TAvERNS AWAIT
 JULY CAMPAIGN
Sale of S37O, 900 in War Bonds Aim of Retatil
 Liquor Dealers

Waterbury restaurants, taverns and package stores will take part in 6 statewide campaign for the sale of at least $370,O00 in war bonds and stamps during July. The campaign, to be directed by Chair man John J. Fitzpatrick of the State Liquor Commission, has the support of the Retail Liquor Dealers Boar dof Trade, of which Harmon A. Genlot of this city is executive director.
 More than 5000 retail liquor es- tabishments in the state will take part in the July drive. Similar campaigns are planned for other states. The nationwide quota is $e,OOO 900.
 Advertising and display material is now being sent to holders of liquor permits. Appeals will be made to customers to buy bonds and stamps.
 Sales of at least g a day in stamps in each liquor outlet is the gol set in the drive. Most outlets are expected to average much higher than that figure.