davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1942-05-24

w. Slocum Fighting Joe Mower"
Pap" Thomas and Jefferson c. Davis.
In reading OF this grand review in
The Star, the writer came across an
interesting description Of Pennsylvania
avenue as it appeared upon that oc-
casion. In part, it said:
"It was supposed to be paved with
cobblestones, but so great had been the
travel over it by Government wagons
and teams, batteries of artillery, etc,
that in comparison with 1t today 1t was
simply miserable. In muddy weather 1t
was at times so cut up as to be almost
impossible. Then the sidewalks were
almost exclusively Of brick, and in many
places in bad order. The Capitol
grounds were then surrounded by an
iron railing set on a wall and having
stone gateways Some of this railing
has since been utilized to form the north
boundary of the Smithsonian and Agri-
cultural grounds. and at the National
Cemetery, at Arlington, the gateways
have been reset.
Commencing at First street, west,
where the Peace Monument now stands,
that portion of the south side of the
Avenue occupied by Botanical Garden
was much the same as now. The circle
in which the Peace Monument is located
had not been made, the west side of
First street and north side of the Avenue
forming an acute angle. There was
three story building at the corner, where
a restaurant was located and westward
several three-story bricks, mostly used
as boarding houses and restaurants.
About the center of the square were one
or two old frame buildings and some
vacant lots, and at the corner of Second
street, where the waters of the Tiber
were exposed. was a three-story brick,
built originally for the public printing.
West of Second street to the corner
Of Third, the iron-front building of the
Adams Express Co. was the principal
was the ST. Charles Hotel, then kept by
Seth Lamb. At the northwest corner of
Third street and the Avenue was the
Washington House, conducted by Mrs.
A. F. Beveridge, three STORY building
with the main entrance on the second
floor, reached by stone steps, the lower
story on the Avenue being occupied by
stores. The site is at present Hotel
Belvidere. On the South side was a
frame structure, occupied as a restaurant
and hotel, and westward was the Nc
Dermott Coach Factory, the wood and
coal yard of George L. Sheriff and a few
boarding houses of three stories. On
the north side of this square were Pull
mans Hotel and the United States Hotel,
the Congressional Globe Office and a
number Of restaurants, and at the corner
of -Four land half street, north side, the
building now known as the Odeon Hall,
where the late Joseph Shillington, book
seller and stationer, was located for many
years. There were several hotels and
restaurants westward on the square be-
tween -Four and a half and Sixth
streets, and. but little change has taken
place in the buildings on either side ex-
cept near Sixth.
The Center Market then was COM
posed of long sheds extending from
Seventh to Ninth street, and the front
was open, as was also the north side, the
Evening star., 1942-05-24
BY John Clagett Proctor.

these children greeted the column with
songs and. as they were a numerous
choir, the effect was very beautiful.
The children also displayed large mum.
Der OF banners. On the northwest corner
of the Capitol was the very appropriate
motto: The only national debt we can
never pay is the debt we owe to the
victorious Union soldiers"
THE Public Schools of Washington
Welcome the Heros of the Republic.
Honor to the Brave" was lettered on
one Of the largest banners, held aloft
by the children.
Clusters Ride.
"As the famous Gen. Custer ap-
preached" and account states, the boys
stepped forward and presented to him
large wreath Of the choicest flowers,
which he most gallantly and gracefully
received and threw over his shoulder,
when instantly his fiery charger, ap-
parently frightened, stretched forward
his neck, and, seeming to take the bit
of the bride in his teeth, furiously
dashed down the hill and around into
the Avenue out Of sight, carrying his
rider sitting firmly In the saddle. but
bent forward, with his long and pro-
fuse Saxon locks streaming back in
the wind, while the school children
looked on In amazement and deep con-
cern. Their anxiety was soon relieved,
however, by the welcome news that the
horse did not get away from his rider,
and then came the pleasant surprise
that the runaway was only ruse to
compliment the school children with q
little exhibition of his horsemanship.
For six hours during the march,
Evening star., 1942-05-24

ace Of capture at Fort Washington.
He barely escaped across the Delaware,
and even his Christmas Day victory at
Trenton was on the verge of disaster to
the last.
Very modern, very ancient and
modern, were Washington's difficulties
with money, with depreciation and in
f1ation. The skyrocketing increase of
prices played havoc with the equip
ment of his troops. As he wrote, "A
rat in the shape of horse" cost 81 ,OOO
Later, in Virginia, a few interior farm
horses were offered to the cavalry at
$35, 900 apiece. Uniforms, underclothes,
blankets, food-everything rose just as
Army costs are rising now.
Studied Price Control.
Efforts at price-control failed then
as usual; but Washington implored
action in putting a ceiling on the costs
of things, including labor and material
of every sort. The Congress of that
time. as this, gave price-control much
study and the different colonies held
conventions at which solutions were
sought.
The eminently practical mind of
Washington realized that price control
would be impracticable unless heavy
taxes were imposed. public and private
economy promoted, manufacturers en-
couraged, and spectators and profiteers
punished. These last he called "the
murderers of our cause" He believed
In requsitioning what had to be
secured when 1t could not be other
wise acquired.
The question is asked of me: What
have you learned in your studies of the
life Of Washington which you apply
to your daily hfe?"
Well, he stands to me rather as an
ideal to revere than a model that can
hope to initiate He was passionate
farmer, and am content to be con-
sumner only. But I at least can share
with him his love of the theater, of
hospitality, of social graces and amuse-
ments, Of games, dances, horse races,
all the things that make life charming
50 long as they can be afforded.
Yet nobody could or did endure
Evening star., 1942-05-24

greater hardships or privations when
they were necessary than Washington
did. He loved riches and was one of
tne Wealthlest men of his day; but he
gave up everything for the cause. He
did not see his home for six years and
he endured bankruptcy for his Nation.
The Purest Patriot.
His self-sacrificing patriotism. his
meek depreciation, his unwilling
to be anything but the servant of the
people, his rage when he was asked to
make himself king, his unwillingness to
profit in any way from public opportu-
nifty, his utter and perfect devotion to
the cause of American liberty uplift
him in my eyes to godlike heights. He
is to me the purest patriot in the his
tory of the world. and as soldier, execu-
tive, citizen the everlasting ideal.
His inability to despair or to give up
the fight at any time during the eight
long years of the war furnishes an in
spiration and an assurance much
needed in this dark hour.
Washington always felt that the war
he waged was not only for the creation
and the salvation of the liberties and
dignities and opportunities of himself
and his contemporaries; but even more
for the sake of the generations to come
as he put it often, "for the unborn
millions"
We Of today are among those then
unborn millions for whom he agonized.
We find ourselves in desperate plight.
1t Is good, 1t is we'll to remember how
fo Jur sakes Washington and his faith
fu .ew endured humiliation, catastrophe
0, catastrophe, bitter criticism and even
-,nspiracy against them in their own
Anks; how they struggled grimly on
until victory had to come because there
were no more defeats left.
1t is inconceivable that we should
betray in this crisis the Nation that our
ancestors won for us at such cost. 1t
is inconceivable that we should equally
betray the unborn millions who must
inherit the freedom We have inherited.
Evening star., 1942-05-24

were the other nations. There was no
organized labor then and the lot of the
very poor and of the slaves was
wretched But to hear what is said now
adays, labor is still downtrodden and
the poor have never got their rights,
though the poorest of them have ad-
vantages that the richest did not dream
of in Washington's day. We are still
told that vast percentage Of our people
are ill-housed, ill-clothed, il-fed. and
ill-paid Perhaps they will always seem
to be, because our standards change,
and covetousness is eternal.
We forget or have never learned that
Washington had the support only of
patriotic minority in the building OF this
Nation. The Pacifists and isolationists
and appeasers of his day nearly wrecked
his endeavors. There were at times
more native-born Americans In arms
and fighting on the side of the British
army than Washington could ever
muster for his own troops.
The majority of them, then, as now,
were Indifferent or complacent, and they
ridiculed or opposed Washington when
he was alive as the majority of our time
have forgotten or ignored the lessons he
taught and the appeals he made with AL
the might of his great soul.
always suffered when thought OF
our half-naked soldiers at Valley Forge,
leaving the bloody prints of their bare
feet on the snow. sleeping without
blankets, dying for lack Of medicines and
food. And then learned that their
hardships were not due to the poverty
of our little country, but to the rapacity
and greed of the majority, Of the manu-
facturers who collected money for the
shoes and uniforms, then refused to
deliver them because they could sell
them for higher prices to the civilians;
of what Washington denounced as the
avarice of the farmers" who would not
even sell our soldiers food; Of the poll
ticians who bickered among themselves
while the little armies perished or ned
from the pursuers.
We hear much of the profiteers OF our
time in industry. labor, agriculture and
politics, and Of the indifference Of our
people. Here is only one Of Washington's
Evening star., 1942-05-24

Gen. George A. Custer, 1Oho
paraded With the Army Of the
Potomac and gaDe an example
of his yonderfuI horSeman-
ship.
then occupied, in part, by Edward Droop
Near the corner Of Tenth street the
square was ended by a row Of three
story bricks, that at the corner being
used as the Lewis johnson banking
house. On the south side of the Avenue,
where the Mutual Fire Insurance Goa
marble building now stands, were sev.
eral old-fashioned brick houses"
There is quite difference between the
Pennsylvania avenue of 1865 and the
Pennsylvania avenue of 1912. and many
of the buildings referred to by The Star
have been removed, and public build
ings erected, or planned to be erected, in
their places. though the story of the
Avenue still remains.
But Of the many thousands of veterans
Of the Civil War who marched in this
grand review, few are living today. and
the once prosperous and f1ourishing
Grand Army of the Republic is now re-
duced in the District of Columbia to two
men-John M. Kline, ST., and w. F.
Dorsey, both past department command
ers, national headquarters, of that or
ganization, the rest have passed on and
await the Grand Review on high.
Evening star., 1942-05-24

without sign Of WEAKNESS. the boys and
girls presented their floral offerings,
waved their flags, rent the air with
cheers, and at intervals q grand chorus
Of $500 voices, under the lead Of
Director Daniel, sang The Star
Spangled Banner Battle Cry Of
Freedom When Johnny Comes March,
ing Home Victory at Last and other
patriotic songs and hymns. all of
which we're most gratefully received
and heartily acknowledged by officers
and soldiers. From all sides the highest
praises were showered upon that great
chorus of school children, and the
sight of those grand armies, with their
bronzed faces, soiled uniforms and
tattered flags. was to them an object
Evening star., 1942-05-24

reservation not having been inclosed. On
the north side of Market space, at Sew
enth street, was the Avenue House, a
four STORY brick building, occupying the
site where the old Saks Building is now
located. AS now, business places, mostly
dry goods, fronted the space extending
to Ninth street, where Perry & Bro.
conducted the dry goods business IN
plain two-story brick. The Gunton
property, on the northwest corner Of
Ninth street and Pennsylvania avenue,
an fashioned two-story brick, was
occupied for the drug business. West
ward were some old-fashioned bricks Of
two and three stories, nearly all of which
have been torn down or have been re-
modelled.
THE most prominent building In the
square was the iron hall building, erected
originally as place of amusement and
Evening star., 1942-05-24

of the enemy. usually have serious or
fatal results, and Gen. Custer un-
doubtedly realized, when it was too
late, that he had made vital mistake
that meant the destruction Of his brave
and gallant band. But there was no
turning back or attempted retreat
even had this been possible.
According to an early account, Custer
was soon ef1ectually surrounded by the
Indians and received a terrible fire from
all sides. The dead bodies of men and
horses we're found at the ford, and at a
distance OF about three-quarters of
mile from the river, as though thrown
across the line Of retreat to check the
advance Of the enemy. The entire COM
pany Of Capt. James Calhoun, brother
Evening star., 1942-05-24

excavations Of our forefathers after
three years Of the Revolution had exiled
our troops to the bitter hills of Valley
Forge:
"It I Wds to be called upon to drau
q picture of the times, and OF men:
from iDhdt / hdve seen, heard, and
in part knotp should In one 1Dord
say that idleness, dissipation and er-
trapaoance seem to haze laid fast
hold of most of them. That specula-
ton, peculation and an Unsuitable
thirst for riches seems to haze got
the better of every other considerd-
tion and almost every order OF men.
That party disputes and personal
Quarrels are the great business OF the
Evening star., 1942-05-24

hither and yon. supplies arriving too
little and too late. and the enemy cap
turing cities and strongholds while our
people wrangled.
When Washington first took command
at Boston in ITS, he inquired how much
powder there was. When he heard how
little, he nearly tainted. Six years later.
If the French fleet had not won the sea
battle of Yorktown, CORVALLIS would
have been famous for his triumph in
stead of synonym for surrender.
Washington had his Pearl Harbor-
a whole series of Pearl Harbors. At the
battle of Long Island he lost generals
by capture. He was himself within an
Evening star., 1942-05-24

pledges to aid and assist those whom
they left among us, q sacred charge upon
a Nations gratitude-the soldiers and
sailors widows and orphans"
Frank P. Blair, a brother to Post
master General Montgomery Blair Of
Lincolns cabinet, commanded the 18th
Corps. He was known as the soldier
politician and. with Nathanial Lyon, is
credited with having saved Missouri to
the Union.
Other general officers who led the
various contingents in this notable re-
view included Andrew A. Humphreys,
Charley" Grifiin, Horatio G. Wright,
who had saved Fort Stevens in 1854;
John g. Parke. Henry j. Hunt, Henry
Evening star., 1942-05-24
Memorial Day Advocate.


day Uhlst the nlonlentous concerns
of an empire, great and accumu-
lated debt; ruined finances, deue-
ciated money, and ,0ant OF credit
(uhicIl in their consequences is the
want of suerythin1) are but secondary
considerations and postponed from
day to day, from tDeek to Deek as If
our affairs tDore the most promising
aspect"
Graft Was Everywhere.
There was graft in the quartermaster
department, the medical department,
everywhere. The helpless little Army.
held together only by the trust in WASH
ington's selfess devotion, was driven
Evening star., 1942-05-24
BV Rupert Hughes.

If Washington were alive in these days
or If we were translated back into
his-the problems, the discouragements,
the high hopes, the lofty responsibilities
to posterity would be much the same.
We are now in danger of losing the bat
tie for freedom which he lost so easily
and so often and won again with such
difilculty and such delay.
George Washington fought more and
harder battles against his own country
men than he was permitted to fight
against the foreign enemy. He wrote
almost countless letters pleading for
preparedness, munitions, conscription OF
men and moneys, for a real Army, real
Navy; for national unity and vigor. He
would be doing the same thing now If
he were alive; and he would be suffer-
ing the same defeats, dissensions and
delays that now impede our war of
defense and postpone the necessary
offensive.
Covetousness Is Eternal.
Human nature alters little and re-
lapses constantly to where 1t was. As
the French say, "The more it changes.
the more it is the same thing" Mechan-
ical devices like telephones, airplanes,
the radio, change us hardly at all. They
simply enable more people to get along
together somehow, to distress one an
other necessarily and to get nowhere
in particular little quicker. There
are more people now to solve our prob
lens, but also more to create new prob
lens and impede their solution.
The 5000 900 Americans along the At
lantic seaboard in 1776 are greatly multi
piled but little changed.
In Washingtons time this Nation was
almost altogether agricultural. but &C
Evening star., 1942-05-24

avenue, led by the same men who had
marched from Atlanta to the sea and
to victory. Beside Sherman rode Gen.
O. O. Howard, known as the Christian
soldier and for whom Howard Uni
versity was named.
Memorial Day Advocate.
Gen. John A. Logan, said to have
been the greatest volunteer general Of
the Civil War, rode at the head Of the
Army OF Tennessee.
Gen. Logan later served in the United
States House of Representatives and the
Senate from Illinois, and was the defeat
ed candidate for the Vice Presidency in
the presidential election Of 1884. He is
also still recalled by many for having
Evening star., 1942-05-24

successfully urged the observance OF Me-
mortal Day, through his order Of May S,
1858. designating May 30 of each year
for this purpose. Let us then." his
order reads. "at the time appointed,
gather around their sacred remains and
garland the passionless wounds above
them with the choicest flowers of spring.
time; let us raise above them the dear
old flag they saved from dishonor; let
us in this solemn presence renew our
Evening star., 1942-05-24
THERE WERE GIANTS IN
THOSE DAYS."

This is the twelfth Of a series of articles
about men and women who worked fought
and died that America might live; men and
women who made America great by contrib
utin9 their own greatness to a country which
was founded and has endured on the prin-
ciples Of life, liberty and the pursuit Of hap
piress as the right Of every man. The
thirteenth article in the series viii appear
next Sunday.
Evening star., 1942-05-24

Gen. John A. Logan, Dho
rode beside Gen. Sherman on
May "a, 1865.
lesson in patriotism never to be for
gotten"
OF course, you know what later
befell the intrepid, Custer. How he
and his command were surrounded and
massacred by Sioux Indians on June
IS, 1876, 80 or 40 miles below the Little
Big Horn, in Montana.
Some mistakes are easily corrected,
but military errors, especially those
made in Understanding the strength
The people's voice., 1942-12-04
The Old Story

The stuffed shirt clique in the American Medical Assoca
on led by that most irrepressibe of modern reaconares
Dr. Morris Fshben has difficult days has set
to bully who loves nothing better than headon
clash with the Bourbon bues daHenry j. Kaiser the
miracle of West Coast shipbulding
KAISER it in his usually thorough and energetic
has attempted to provide intelligent of
prepaid health and hospital insurance for the thousands of
workers and their families engaged in his vast
rucon enterprises For that purpose his main
tanning four hospitals
The ANA, Kaiser charged before the Pepper committee
which currently attempting to bring order of the
medical muddle, protested the inclusion of the
workers families in this and threatened to have his
doctors drafted
AS James Rorty points out in his splendid article the
of The Progressive this week. the ANA by its
pee domination of the Procurement and Assignment Service
Physicians, Dentists and Veterinarians has that power
they threatened it in that dgraceul
from the testimony of Dr. Sidney Garfield physician in
charge Of the Kaiser hospitals.
Declared Dr. Garfield estate medical society officers (af
fated with AMA only the could treated
hospitals. members of their families treated
the Committee would classify doctors nonessenta
and they would be nducted into the Army
That this practice should be permitted when the lives of
the baefronts depend the health of many
production 'front.' is shocking indeed is the old story
Pepper remarked of protecting special interests
under the cloak of war;
The act too quickly the
of the Pepper committee for sensible welbaanced
program of aocatng precious medical manpower
should action be confined to that field alone. AM
,vera emphasizing the ingenuity and planning that
Kaiser the defaon of windbags like Fshben
one pressing needs of the dayThe Progressive
The people's voice., 1942-12-04
FROM EDITORIAL COLUMNS
Changeless Churchill

Prime Minister Churchill may great war leader,
we hope that in the providence of God else will lead
the British in writing the peace For the British prime min
lister in his Manor House speech Tuesday let the world know
ing those days 40 when young adventurer
he helped subdue the Beers in the of Empire.
On Tuesday he told assembled Londoners in words that
chilled the United Nations world that Britain intended to hold
her Empire after the he promising that
France would have her empire restored ALSO
"Let make this clear he said "We mean hold
have not become the kings first minister in order
preside the liquidation of the British Empire"
This may be Churchils idea. But it is not the idea Of
any considerable part of the people, nor
ure the idea of very considerable part of the
people of the British Commonwealth of Nations itself The
of empire has past but the British prime minister doesn't
realize it. Mr. Wendell Wilkie his return from
his round the world trip reported that dsru
existed throughout Asia the intentions of the United
Nations after the with regard to that continent Mr.
Churchill's words will increase this distrust.
China is of major allies. And yet Mr. Church
m has made clear that the great port of Hong
kong which the British stole from the Chinese century
Britain it has been
Japs What kind of impression is that attitude
going to make on the Chinese?
lesser degree what kind of impression is that
going make peoples of Borneo Burma and other British
possessions in the hands of the Japanese
Political freedom for all peoples of the guarantees
Atlantic Charter the made clear both
Churchill and to the subject peoples of Asia and Africa
they included within its scope the better will be
for the solidarity of the United Nations.
The American people going to be willing bail
the British Empire every 25 The major burden
bearing in this should give major voice in writing
peace We hope responsible leaders will make clear
Brtsheher off the recordthat when that day
comes expect to have much about the future of
the Empire the British Observation-Disclosures Enter
prise (Ore)