davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1942-08-23
Text of War Messages
Roosevelt and Hull FeIictute Brozi|;
Statement Issued by Embassy

face the future with serene con-
fldence and high hearts.
take pleasure in sending
Your Excellency renewed assur-
ances of my high personal
esteem"
The text of a statement by tn,
Embassy:
The Brazilian Ambassador, Mr..
Carlos Martins, called on Secre-
tary of State Cordell Hull to-
day at lis pm. and presented
to the Secretary a note in the
following terms:
Pursuant to instructions from
my government, and in accord
with the procedure adopted at
the Pan-American Conference
of Buenos Aires and Lima and at
the consultive meetings of the
ministers Of foreign relations of
the American republics, 1 have
the honor to inform your excel
lency that during the night of
August Is, five Brazilian pas
senger steamships were torpedoed
within 20 miles of the coast of
Sergipe, while travelling from ere
Brazilian port to another Brazil
ian port. Among the passengers
there were a number of persons
travelling on pilgrimage, to at
tend the eucharistic congress at
Sac Paulo.
On one Of the aforementioned
steamships, the Baependy, there
was a military contingent of 100
men, who were not being trans
ported into a war zone but were
merely transferred from one army
area to another within the coun-
try. IT,
Prior to this attack. in which
many lives were lost, 13 Bra
lillian ships had been torpedoed
on intercontinent routes by sub
marines of the Axis powers.
Our attitude at that time was
simply one of protest against the
violation, through such unnec-
essary and brutal acts, of the
rules Of international law ard of
the principles of humanity which
are held to govern warfare on the
high seas.
In this instance, in which the
victims, including women and
children, were counted in hun
dreds, the aggression In Brazilian
waters was directed against our
coastwise navigation, engaged in
essentially peaceful activities, by
their own nature devoid of OBJ
jectives capable of favoring any
belligerent country or of caus-
ing injury to their interests,
They were passenger steamships,
none of which were within a
zone Of war or blockade, nor
could be suspected of bearing
cargoes intended for any enemy
OF the Axis powers, since they
were making for Brazilian ports
and Brazilian ports only.
The sinking OF these vessels in
Brazilian waters was un-
doubtedly an act of direct ag-
gression against Brazil, by which
the war was extended to South
America.
In view of the foregoing. the
Brazilian government, through
the Embassy of Spain and the
Legation of Switzerland, has in
formed the governments of Ger
many and of Italy that, despite
the traditional peaceful attitude
of Brazil, it is not possible to
elude the fact that these two
countries have committed acts
OF war against Brazil, thereby
creating state of belligerence
which we are forced to recognize
in the defense of our dignity. of
our sovereignty, of our safety
and of that of the Americas.
These acts we are forced to re-
pei, to the extent of our powers.
Ostrich chicks in South Africa ar
Evening star., 1942-08-23
New Substitute Leather

"Flessughero," new product de-
veloped in Italy combines the best
features of cork and linoleum and Is
expected to be substitute for
leather.
Evening star., 1942-08-23
Will Give PIoy

A three-act comedy entitled,
When Sally Comes To Town." will
be presented by the Fairview (Va.)
Home Demonstration Club at pm.
Thursday and Friday at the Fair
view School.
Arkansas State press. [volume] (Little Rock, Ark.) 1941-1959, 1942-03-20
Lynching Case Still
Open, SaysFBl

WASHINGTON, Mar. 20 (ANP)
Despite the finding of a state
grand jury at Benton, Mo-. that
there was insufficient evidence for
an Indictment, Atty. Gen. Biddle
announced here last Thursday that
the Federal Bureau of Investiga-
ton would continue its inquiry in
to the lynching Of Cleo Wright at
Sikeston, Mo-, last Jan. 25.
Biddle said the action of the
state grand jury did not affect pos
sible federal prosecution under the
civil rights stations. FBI agents
began investigation Of the lynch
ing on Feb. 10 and a preliminary
report for use before the grand
jury was sent to Gov. Donneil OF
Missouri, Feb %.
Drawing attention to TIE fact
that he was acting upon Asst At
ty. Gen. Wendell Borge'e recon-
mendation, Biddle said that the in
quiry was begun Gin view Of the
apparent failure of local police
authorities to provide the prisoner
with proper protection" Berge is
in charge of the justice depart
ment's criminal division.
Arkansas State press. [volume] (Little Rock, Ark.) 1941-1959, 1942-03-20

the st. Michael drive and the Toule
defense.
Fred Mack returned on June 10,
1919, was discharged June Is at
Camp Lee, Va. and re-enlisted
June 16 for the medical detach-
ment, veterinary service. He was
promoted to the grade of sergeant
on Jan. 20. 1920, and to staff GER
geant in November 1921. He was
reduced to the grade CT private
in November, 1880, and promoted
to tie grade Of corporal in Jan.
1881.
Upon receiving his fifth dis
charge from the medical depart
ment in 1881, Sgt. Mack re-enlist
ed for the cavalry, at West Point.
From the cavalry he transferred
to the medical department in Nov.
He was promoted to sergeant in
January 1884 and to staff ser
geant in 1886 and transferred
from the medical department to
the air corps in May 1871: He
way made the organizations first
sergeant, On Dec. /, he became
its first technical ssrckant and
became master seryssut ip Feb,
Arkansas State press. [volume] (Little Rock, Ark.) 1941-1959, 1942-03-20

Among the signers are Claude
A. Barrett, director Of the AS
ISOLATED Negro Press, Mary Nc
Leod Bethule, Lester B. Granger,
executive sccrot ary of the Nation
Al Urban League; A. Philip RAN
rolph, Claiming II. Tobias Of the
National YMCA, and l.. F. Ford
Of the National Alliance Of Post
al Employees, d. V. Jemison, d.
D., president Of the National
Baptist Convention, U. S. A., Inc.
Rt. Rev. John A. Gregg, of the
A. NJ. E. Church, Rayford Logan.
'resid mt Alpha Phi Alpha frater
nifty, ]. f. Walker, M. d. presi-
dent. National Negro Business
League and J. Finley Wilson,
Grand Exalted Ruler of the !. B.
P, o. E. of w.
The appeal stated that the latest
act Of exclusion by the govern
ment was TIE Administrations fail
ure to appoint Negro to the War
Labor Board. almost without ex-
ception, in the war effort Negroes
are being asked to give of their
substance and to make every
See WAR EFFORTS-Psge q
Arkansas State press. [volume] (Little Rock, Ark.) 1941-1959, 1942-03-20

accounts of racial violence in
North America. 1t circulates word
Of mouth reports Of lynchings and
violence against Negro soldiers, to
illustrate its contention that
mhils Tho Hrnzilian- Negro eniPya
complete freedom, his fellow Ne
gro in the U. s. is still a slave
ard the abolition of slavery after
the Civil War was only formal
act.
Brazililns are told that Pan
Americanism would mean slavery
fer the black race in that country.
Y IS repor ed that a large num-
Der Of Negroes in Brazil have,
eaut. gone over to the Fhs-
cist "Acao Integralista."
y thc FIR East. too, Japanese
have been using the same TECH
r'oue to destrr Y confidence in the
British and Americans.
Arkansas State press. [volume] (Little Rock, Ark.) 1941-1959, 1942-03-20

However, the navy dept. Of
fieials knew nothing Of such an
enlisted man and promised to
look into the situation to see II he
was in the navy.
Tie latest is that the navy de-
lnrtment sent the letter to Con-
gresham Marcantonio In reply to
his inquiry, naming Doris Miller
az the man.
In company with two officers
and several enlisted men, Miller
was on the signal bridge of
batt.eship when tie commanding
officer Of the vessel received a
fatal abdominal wound," the letter
from the navy department stated
while the othels sought to con-
struct a stetcl er to lower the cap
tain to a safer location, a naval
reserve lieut. naat and Miller
a pair of machine guns
and fired upon attacking planes
1ltil fires started by bombs rem
Arkansas State press. [volume] (Little Rock, Ark.) 1941-1959, 1942-03-20
Mack Becomes
Master Sergeant
At Air Base

Tuskegee, Mar. 20 (ANP)
After % years of continu-
GUS service for his country
Technical Sergeant Fredick
A. Mack becomes the first
Negro master sergeant, air
corps, in the military annals
of the United States.
Sgt. Mack enlisted at Dallas on
July %, 1917, In the medical de-
pnrtment, and was sent TO Fort
Sam Houston, Texas and Fort Des
Moines, To-, for training. After
four months spent in recrait train
ing, he was assigned to the medi-
cal detachment, 5O5th Engineers
battalion at Camp Lee, Va, sail
ing with his outfit or Dec. 10, III
for France. Sgt. Mack served z
months in the 5o5th at Bordeaux,
and saw service at the front in
Arkansas State press. [volume] (Little Rock, Ark.) 1941-1959, 1942-03-20
Fla. Whites Block
- $780,.
Equal Pay Suit |

notified the NAACP and the teach
ers of their intention to appeal.
An answer to the app, al will be
filed, Mr.. Marshall said.
Judge Strum, in denying the pc
tition said that even If the court
81 ould order the board Of public
instruction Of Duval, Co., against
the colored teachers and if that
should result In reducing white
teachers salaries, "this would be
no sufficient reason to deny the
colored teachers the relief to
which they would otherwise be
entitled. If unlawful discrimination
is being practiced by the board, it
would be no answer to ray that to
discontinue it would result In low
ering the white teachers salaries"
Arkansas State press. [volume] (Little Rock, Ark.) 1941-1959, 1942-03-20
Irate Laundry Owner SIaps Employee

Mrs. Eleanor Byes, an enjoy
60 Of the Apex Laundry and
Cleaners, 1219 Markham ST., re-
ported to this paper that she was
mani anHed Wednesday evening
after futile efforts in remonstrat~
ing with her employer, G. W,
Foster who became Inflated In her
failure to &c: superb work with
antiquated machinery. Mr.. Foster,
according to several witnesses VITA
Mrs. Byts, went 10 her Mrs. By
esq and began complaining about
her work, and for ne reason start
cd TO cussing her, using all man.
ner of profanity, and VIII n she
resented his methods Of approach.
ne struck her and continued with
severe blows until another en-
ployee interceded to separate ii EN-.
According TO statements made
to the PRESS by several employ
ees, who walked out of the laundry
after the unwarranted attack on
Mrs. Dyes, style Mr.. Foster as
a Simon Legree" boss, and state
that this isn't his first time Of
abuse on employees. They say the
laundry isn't equipped with mod
ern machinery, and employees are
expected to turn out the best Of
work with nothing to do it with.
They further state that working
conditions are Of tie poorest yet,
and at all time wages promised
do net tally with those paid.
In a statement from MIR. Fost-
er, he admitted Shaping the wo-
man. Mr.. Foster is said to have
raised wages OF those who remain
cd in the plant and offered those
who walked out in resentment to
his treatment Of Mrs. Byes, q raise
If they would return.
Arkansas State press. [volume] (Little Rock, Ark.) 1941-1959, 1942-03-20

JACKSONVILLE, lFla.--Altho
white teachers of Florida are
fighting hard to block the equal
pay suit filed in the U. S. district
court here, the Colored Teachers
Association intends to match each
action, Thurgood Marshall, MAJ
CP special counsel, who, with s.
d. McGill, is counsel for the col
cred teachers, said this week.
The white teachers filed Feb.
TO- a petition to intervene in the
suit against the board Of public
instruction of DIVA. Co., against
whom Mary White Blocker, on be-
half of herself and other colored
teachers is taking action.
Judge Louie w. Strum Of the
U. S. district court, denied the pc
tition, and the white teachers have
Arkansas State press. [volume] (Little Rock, Ark.) 1941-1959, 1942-03-20
Ark.State College To
Celebrate Founders Day

c,nai cnoatara Mill - n - ~
d c.. . -. - -
Co., as . r :. os.', = ,1 =,
&C., - ~. 90. ..s.s go. :, ~
I;,.,a pea,.. ~ 49,. ,, uvusss'
80 ~ Ss.s... -. .a ~ $3.50.
- 49, ss ~ @a1 soal' $500
s.u.-.s II, an., = - 49,
ues m" !. =
r.,,.,.,, y e.s.;s, y.
.. -,
Arkansas State press. [volume] (Little Rock, Ark.) 1941-1959, 1942-03-20

dsrsd the machine guns useless.
unable to lower thsir captain
on an improvised stretcher, four
officers and men, including Miller,
carried him from tho blazing
bridge If the snip to . mere
sheltered deck under the port eide
anti aircraft guns.
dying, the captain ordered the
officers and men to abandon the
ship. Finding other means Of
escape blocked because Of flames.
they made their way to shore
hand over Land, along lines strung
backward from boat crane.
Miller WIS horn in Waco, Texas,
on October Is, 1919. He enlisted
in the navy at Dallas on Sept. rs
1889. lie is the son of Connery
Miller, 1t. Box $3.50, Waco.
A Nero mess attendant was
mentioned in the reports Of the
Pearl Harbor attack but his name
See MEsSMAN-Page 8
Arkansas State press. [volume] (Little Rock, Ark.) 1941-1959, 1942-03-20
Local Committee Organized

Local Committee Organized
Theodore ], Warren, ST.. was
las elected chairman Of the Cros-
EFT Ono, when a permanent local
lrganization was established.
other persons selected to prose
ute the program Of the Commit
&c on Negro Organization in the
Crossett community were, A. F.
Galloway. vice chairman; Mrs,
Margaret LeGrande, secretary;
.enard Beets, treasurer; and
stanley l.. Gibson, publicity direc
IL. Named chairman Of the
Drum committees through which
ne local commit zee viii prosecut,
lie ono program were: Prof. I.
". Daniel. education; Willis lie
irande, Civil Liberties; c. S.
Smith, Economic Security, ans
Mrs. Vashti johnson, Heath and
Housing.
Flowers Appeals for Support
In an eloquent appeal for sup
port, Flowers, reviewed the fight
Of the Committee on Negro Or
ganization for equal educational
opportunities, and declared that
despite our immodesty, We lave
made possible the filing of a suit
to equalize pay of Negro school
teachers"
THE success of the suit filed by
Little Rock school teacher Mrs.
Susie Morris will not he deter
mined alone by the skill Of able
counsel prosecuting her cause,
but the success Of that case as
well as any other depends largely
upon the support of the ellen.
In other words public opinion can
move this action to a final show
down. and it Is up to people Of
Arkansas to use every power at
their command to make possible
the equalization of pay in Little
Rock. Let us send word that we
are ready, willing, and able to
help fight this cause, for 1t is
See FLOW ERS-Page 8
Arkansas State press. [volume] (Little Rock, Ark.) 1941-1959, 1942-03-20

James Franklin Henderson, na-
tive of Columbia, s. c., recon-
mended to the Presbytery Of
Fairfield, as a candidate for the
ministry by the Session Of Lad
son Presbyterian Church, Columbia,
s. c., A. B.; Allen u, B. D.;
Johnson c. Smith Univ. Gradu-
ste work at Auburn Seminary,
Auburn, N Y; in 1888 studied In
the combined Summer School Of
Auburn Seminary and the Col
gate Rochester Divinity School
held in Auburn, N. Y. Member Of
the Phi Beta Sigma Fraternity.
Now pastoring the Allison Presby.
terian Church, 9th s2d GuiaS q.
Visitors are alwsyp vSlesSlA /.
Arkansas State press. [volume] (Little Rock, Ark.) 1941-1959, 1942-03-20
'CoodNeighbor Policy
Satarized BY Axis

of the Office of Facts and Figur-
es, reported that the Japanese
Embassy in Madrid, Spain, is ef-
fectively using U. s. anti-Negro
bias to create disunity in South
America.
Racial prejudice in the u. S. Is
one of the main themes for the
Axis propaganda, MacLeish said.
1t is particularly effective in
Brazil where one fourth Of the
100000 inhabitants ar.
Negroes. The Axis is spreading
Arkansas State press. [volume] (Little Rock, Ark.) 1941-1959, 1942-03-20

NEW YORK--The U. s. Gov
eminent had better wake up to
the fact that its good neigfsbor
policy" is in danger in South
American countries unless the U.
S. integrates Negroes more fully
into the national picture, the N.
A. A C. P. said this week.
Although the Negro press and
organizations have long been a.
ware of the danger, official recog-
milton of it came only last week
when Archibald MacLeish, director
Arkansas State press. [volume] (Little Rock, Ark.) 1941-1959, 1942-03-20
Doris Miller Is
MeSSnlan Hero

Washington, March 20 (ANP)-Claiming credit for
the discovery OF the name of the who re
ported to have been hero of the Pearl Harbor attack
Congressman Vito Macantonio of New York has sent out
statements to the press that his inquiries at the navy
depal tment elected the information long sought
Previously, the name OF julius Elsberry had been
given rs the who responsible for the brave deed
It was published in California in periodical known o.
Speed the Day
Arkansas State press. [volume] (Little Rock, Ark.) 1941-1959, 1942-03-20

a citation and a motion.
Urging that black Americans
be allowed to serve their country
and their Navy in any capacity
ne NAACP letter said: "This &C
ton by the Navy not only would
reward hero. hut would serve
dramatic notice that this country
is In fact democracy engaged in
On about war against anti-demo'
cratic sosces."
Arkansas State press. [volume] (Little Rock, Ark.) 1941-1959, 1942-03-20

Following the Pearl Harbor in
cident, word was received at the
national headquarters of the bust
ness league that japanese, Ger
man and Italian agents were try
ing to stir up unrest among Ne
groes in the country. To offset
this, Falls said the league had ar
ranged DOR series Of patriotic
meetings to be held in st. Louis,
but the plan was upset bv the
recent Sikeston lynehing.
The lynching has been widely
See NEGRO LEADERS--Pnge s
Arkansas State press. [volume] (Little Rock, Ark.) 1941-1959, 1942-03-20

This was the suggestion made
to Secretary Frank Knox by the
NAACP in response to the letter
sent by the Navy public relations
department to many Negro news
papers, groups, and individuals
who had inquired, late in Decem-
her. for the name Of the Negro
mess attendant who manned
machine gun on battleship in
Pearl Harborn Dec, 7, and fought
Japanese planes
Arkansas State press. [volume] (Little Rock, Ark.) 1941-1959, 1942-03-20

ferably with a colored regiment"
by July 1st. "Now that l know
this war is going to b. of long
duration, ! want to serve in it
in a combat unit" the erstwhile
isolationist leader said. He IL =
reserve officer,
Arkansas State press. [volume] (Little Rock, Ark.) 1941-1959, 1942-03-20
[3]{d1!]
WORKER

ONE OF the weeks "best'
reasons for stoppage of
production, comes from Ohio,
where labor affiliated with the
American Federation of La
Dor, working at an Ohio bron-
re factory, upon reporting to
work found the parking lot
that WIS furnished to workers
by the company muddy, and
decided to strike, and did.
They stayed out until sever
al carloads of cinders were
brought in and scattered over
the lot.
a* a** ~
ONE STORY comes from
" California, where mem
bers of the Municipal Car
mems Union objected violent
~ because a member of the
organization was employed to
work with them. A strike was
threatened to tie-up Municip-
al transportation unless the
man was displaced. The man
in the case happens to be one
of the country's minority
group. A display of ALL
Equality!
~ hAA H%
A STORY, according to Ma
"A TONS BUSINESS,
shows the plight Of the farm
See PLIGHT-Page 8
Arkansas State press. [volume] (Little Rock, Ark.) 1941-1959, 1942-03-20

The NAACP letter cited to Navy
Secretary Knox the latter's own
letter dated December 81, 1911,
in which Mr.. Knox stated "The
Navy Department will certainly
recommend proper recognition for
any such heroic action
The NAACP also cited the re-
port from Gen. Douglas MacAr-
thurs army on the Bataan peni-
suls that . cook who blasted an
enemy machine gun nest received
Arkansas State press. [volume] (Little Rock, Ark.) 1941-1959, 1942-03-20

Board.
The Board feels at this time,
when National Unity is necessary,
a movement Of this kind is un-
timely and ill-advised.
Russell 7. Scobee, superinten-
dent of schools, says every ef-
fort will be made to protect the
interests of the Little Rock School
District, and an answer would be
lied to the Federal Court suit
soon.
Arkansas State press. [volume] (Little Rock, Ark.) 1941-1959, 1942-03-20
Teachers Equal
Salary Movement
Condemned

A suit filed In tire Federal
Courts here by the City Teachers
Association has been condemned by
the Little Rock School Board as
"untimely and ill-advised."
"The Little Rock School Dis
trict, through its Board Of Direct
ors and Administration. has for
many years provided one Of the
best educational systems for Ne
groes in the entire South. The
policy has always been to con-
stantly improve this program
wherever possible" says the
Arkansas State press. [volume] (Little Rock, Ark.) 1941-1959, 1942-03-20
Government ! gnores
Appeal Of II Leaders
On War Efforts

NEW YORK-Twenty seven leaders who signed an ur
gent appeal to President Roosevelt to stop fascist tactics
from being applied to colored Americans in this country
have far received only brief acknowledgement Of the
receipt of their communication from Secretary of Labor
Frances Perkins, to whom referred The letter which
asked the President to call conference ntegrate Ne
groes into Americas effort was sent Feb more than
q month ago.
Arkansas State press. [volume] (Little Rock, Ark.) 1941-1959, 1942-03-20
Pro-jap Propaganda
Creates Stir Among
Negro Leaders

March 20 The spread Of proapanese opagan aro4g
in
promoted here in the os by japanese agents who formed the rac
the Investigation and according u Falls rgona vice
National Business movement
nightmare to leaders for
address request
ofo
Arkansas State press. [volume] (Little Rock, Ark.) 1941-1959, 1942-03-20
MOrdecai Johnson
To Deliver Address

PINE BLUFF Especial THE
69th anniversary of the founding
Of the Arkansas State Agricultur-
al, Mechanical and Normal Col
lege will be celebrated March q
through March 20 with President
Mordecai w. Johnson Of Howard
University delivering the Found
ers' Day address, Sunday after
neon, March 70, y $50.
In conjunction with The Found
| srs' pas eslshrakien rill NJ
Workers y Conference Y beginning
Friday night, March ~. The prin-
Arkansas State press. [volume] (Little Rock, Ark.) 1941-1959, 1942-03-20
Fish Wants To Lead
COlOred Regiment

WASHINGTON, D. c. tC)---
Rep. Hamilton Fish Or, New
York; said today, March Z, that
he plans to apply Tor duty ss .
colsael Ia combat ssyviee-"pre
Arkansas State press. [volume] (Little Rock, Ark.) 1941-1959, 1942-03-20
New York Congressman Uncovers Hero's Name
Atty. Flowers Appeals
For Racial Support

CROSSETT, March 20-Thirty-six Crossett citizens
gave one daar membership contributions to the Commit
zee on Negro Organ iaton, here Sunday evening at meet
ing heid IT. the Gates Chapel A. NJ H. Church. in response
20 stirring appeal made by Harold Flowers, fighting Pine
ganZatOn. " e w.
Arkansas State press. [volume] (Little Rock, Ark.) 1941-1959, 1942-03-20
Navy Should Lift Ban On
Negroes As Heroic Tribute

NEW Y0RK-The greatest honor that could be paid
Meas Attendant Dorie Miller of the heroes of Pearl ar
bor would be for the u S. Navy to abolish restrictions
against Negro enstnents at once.
Arkansas State press. [volume] (Little Rock, Ark.) 1941-1959, 1942-03-20

Friday night, March ~. The prin-
The Waterbury Democrat., 1942-01-09
New England Association
 Of Boxing Commissioners

This committee recognized the following boxers as New England champions:
 Heavyweight Division v Johnny Shkor, Boston.
 Light heavyweight Division = Italian Jack Dempsey, Boston.
 Middlaweight Division Coley Welch, Maine.
 WelterWeight Division Mike Kaplan. Boston.
 Lightweight Division --- Dave Castilloux, Providence.
 Featherweight Division - Bobby (Poison Ivy, Hartford.
 Caskey said the association would encourage competition among the boys ill New England" and would promote bouts between sectional champions with the purpose in Ilird CT pickins top-fligllt boxers for the world titles