davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1942-05-09

Mrs, Minnie Duncans, star bowler
with DR.. Orr's girl kegle.S and head
of the Keep En- Smoking" COM
mittee. is Miss Queen Pin of 40"
Mrs. Duncan received the highest
number OF coupons 'mong the 20
Contestants. She hit an all time
high mark, 25OO0O vote. Many
votes came into the Chronicles
office from the soldiers from many
parts Of the country. The boys
were evidently showing their appre-
niation for the many cigarettes sent
them during the Keep En- Smok-
IN" campaign.
Virginia Dolphin
In Second Place
Mrs. Virginia Dolphin, star bowl
or with the city champs, Club
Congo girls, finished in second place
in the race, that determined the
most popular femme bowler in the
Motor City. Mrs. Dolphin received
10000 votes. ms. Dolphin re-
ceived large number Of her votes
from school children from all over
the city. She was also the winner
OF the special prize offered for the
neatness of votes sent in. Mrs. Dol
phin also won about every honor
among the femmes in the battle for
tha Motor City championship.
Mrs. Maude Adams, wife OF the
proprietor Of the Adams Super serv-
The Michigan chronicle. [volume] (Detroit, Mich.) 1936-current, 1942-05-09
Farmer Second

LAFAYETTE, fnd.-Lee Farmer
University OF Iowa fash, was sec
ond in the 100-yard dash and second
in the broad jump in quadrangle
lar meet between Iowa, Purdue
Minnesota and Northwestern. Min
nesota won the meet Iowa was
third.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-03-29

you will want TO follow for prac-
teal advice on planning and
planting.
This new garden column will
he written by Isabel Fucker
She is a graduate OF the School
of Horticulture and Ornamental
Horticulture OF Cornell Univer-
Sity and has had extensive train
ing and experience in home gar
dening. She is also a member
OF the Royal Oak branch OF the
Farm and Garden Association.
Mrs. Fucker has worked out
- interesting and helpful sched-
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-03-29

picked including makes Alexander Smith,
Masland Mohawk Others choice of beautiful
Veivet All seamless el2 IT, size Fine selection of
Modern, Floral Colonial Hooked All
binaons Appropriate for in the house Top off
with brand will home
Choose them Monday and Tuesday sensational
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-03-29
Food and Decorations
For Easter Bre dkfdst
BY PRUDENCE PENNY

MR.. BUNNY with his snow
ALwhite- coat-pink- cars and
linking eyes is the traditional
leader of the Easter parade
Immediately following him IN
the promenade are lovely ladies
in bright spring bonnets and
gentlemen in top hats.
After the parade gather the
traditional son OF Easter and d
host or few of your friends
and begin the days festivities
with a party breakfast
Served about noon. this meal
will be most delightful. botn IN
GongenialIty and appetite APP
peal a charming centerpiece
can be made with mirror a. a
base and little chocolate rabbits
exploring its surface.
Surround with green paper
grass and into IT'S depths place
a row of gayly colored Eastcr
eggs The guests may eat these
n they like
For the meal YOU might serve
broiled grapefruit halves.
crunchy waffles with butter and
maple syrup. broiled ham or
bacon. pistachio ice cream and
Peter Rabbit cookies for dessert.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-03-29
Herbs important

Herbs are good things TO have
in the home garden many
dime will be saved here, for
when you use herbs in cooking
you need only leaf or two
-the-Fest- WitheFS- and haS-in
be thrown away -. 50, there 5
your saving.
Starting in The Detroit Times
'women's pages Monday is-a-n eAX
and excellent garden feature
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-03-29

AFTER the Victory Garden
has been planned and
planted the gardener must not
think his work is over and all he
has TO do is sit back and watch
the vegetables grow, says County
Agent r. l. BeSemeT.
The first pest 10 make an APP
pearance in the garden Will be
the weeds. However, frequent
and shallow cultivation will keep
them down Probably the first of
the insect tribe TO give trouble is
the cut worm, but he can be con-
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-03-29
Crunchy WaHles

Two cups cake flour > tea.
spoons baking powder, tea
spoon salt , eggs. = cups milk,
Is cup melted butter.
Sift -four. measure and Sltt
with remaining dry ingredients
Beat eggs until light add milk
and continue beating, Stir IN
melted butter. Add dry ingredl-
ents all al once, Stir in liquid,
Just until mixed. Pour enough
batter into center Of iron 10
cover IL well. Close iron and
bake.
. Another breakfast Comblna-
lpn might include orange slices
Topped with lime ice. strawberry
omelet. bran mullins, brollcd
Canadian bacon. bunny cakes
and coffee. The bunny cakes are
simply butter cake baked in a
fiat pan. cut with bunny
cookie cutter and frosted.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-03-29

trolled by applying poison bran
bait scattered thinly over tho
garden, on a warm evening be
fore any plants are set out.
To make the poison bran bait
use.
5 lbs bran
3 on. white arsenic or Paris
Green
3 ats. water
y pint cheap mOlaSScS
! orange ground fine.
April 2, 1870 p. m, Kenyon
School p. T. A-NicteFy Gar
dens. +. /. BesemeL
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-03-29
\5lVe9
|sobe Fucker to Write New Column

ule for Detroit Times readers
i'm these articles. The first
week, articles will be for
new victory gardeners.
The second week. they Will be
directed TO gardeners new
and old. The third week
vegetable varieties for city gar
deners. Next annual flowers
for city gardens.
The articles will appear Mon
day. Watch for them. all you
gardeners starting -. to-
morrow.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-03-29
M~;es o" Gardening
Planning Vegetable Gardens

April ;, 800 p. m, Gibraltar
School p. + A--Vlctory Gar
dcnS. Kenneth j Anderson.
April S, $50 p. m, Elm Schoo
=. +. A.-Victory Gardens, +. =
BeScmer.
April 7. 1908 90, third leSso'
Control Pests E. /. Bescmc
Newburg School.
March 81. / 30 p m, Romul
township Hall. Meeting 70
commercial gardens with 81
cialists from Michigan St2
College s p. m. Plymouth HiE
School.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-03-29
Vegetables. Too

But well be practical, too,
by planting according TO our
yard space -. few vegetables.
The smallest yard will accommo-
date half a dozen hills Of green
or wax beans for the table.
Every little bit helps. food
budgets being what they are
going 10 be.
Lettuce for the table &.
maybe a few rows 81 rddIShCS
and green onions. A Worldwide
shortage of onions is in pros
poet. We are told. They are so
scarce in Britain right now that
onion seed is suctioned off as
prizes in relief baZaars.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-03-29

sugar and Il teaspoon salt until
thoroughly blended
Mott tablespoons BUTTER IT z
hot skillet and pour IN the esS
mixture Adjust heat 10 me-
dun. With a Spatula raise the
edges of the omelet and tip the
skillet 50 that some OF the un-
cooked mixture viii run under
the cooked layer
Continue cooking unut ait the
mixture is done. Then spread
the berries over half Of omelet
and fold over the other half.
Remove 10 hot platter Garnlsh
with few whole berries
II your preference runs to
dinner entertaining you might
like 10 prepare some OF your
foods in advance Of the meal
The following dessert may be
fixed and tucked away in the
refrigerator until ready TO serve
These individual refrigerator
cakes are an easy and thrifty
treat Garnish with whipped
cream swirled INTO little nests
10 hold Jelly bean eggs.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-03-29
Strawberry OmeIet

To make strawberry omelet,
hull and wash , cups fresh
strawberries. cut into halves but
do not crush. Sprinkle = cup
sugar over berries and let stand
for several hours Beat 8 eggs
with !. cup milk. ] tablespoon
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-03-29
By IRENE VI. HAWKINS
Nonen's Editor. The Detroit Times

THIS is going 10 be a year OF
l. gardening, ladies and gen
tlemen If there ever was
one getting all we can out
Of the good earth.
It's a year TO have more and
more flowers. because we need
all the beauty we can scrape
together in these grim times.
Heartening in the early morn
ing, as you hustle through the
breakfast dishes preparatory 10
taking off TO first aid class
10 look out the kitchen window
and see the hollyhocks noddlnG
in the sun bright orange
marigolds looking as sturdy as
the Russian army =. and round
baby faces of the yellow and
purple pansies smiling braveiy,
as II 10 say well never give
I'D our way OF living.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-03-29
Lime Refrigerator Cakes

one and one-thlrd cups sweet
encd condensed milk a cup
fresh lime Juice. green coiorlng,
- chocolate waters, = cup
whipped cream
Blend SWCetcnCd condensed
milk and lime JUICE, stir until
mixture thickenS Add green
coloring until very delicate
color is obtained Spread pre-
pared mixture on chocolate
waters
Pile four waters on top Of
each other for each individual
portion Chill in refrigerator
for 3 hours or longer. Garnlsh
with whipped cream.
Henderson daily dispatch., 1942-09-21


But three weeks later. when II
Was only thin stream of coin.
mat Gr!hh!c.! INTO her cash box, she
Hn," mat il vas no wave IF econ.
'my that - quickly w!'hcrcd II.
branches OF her prospecting it'll,
business.
II was just such 4 night. sharply
clear ana frosty amer the same
-tHIS-thc night Of Mari; Wistcr's
:u",ral-;hlt Tony Bradshaw ha,
INST mounted the WON steps of In,
W.s,"r house with hopc-ncccssa
MY rostponrd-yauSIng his heart tC
Beat Wildly against his ribs. Just (.
?aIr age, Hriuy, the kIIcrans can,
into their '". lives.
HI hear no longer beat maGll
ts "c mounted the steps; il 10.
AS" a lump Of lead III his chest.
The expression on his fac. uolr
rn"l when barbara ourncd -.
door AMI cave him her hand H..
/ his heart lid not. She was tbi,..
{ ana all the vitality had con, DOLL,
# her. the rloU. tia. had n,., ...
'rlr..G him had been snuff
. Her immense calm. too had 8 -
shaken. uow she vas rcryc,.. .....
loss and uncertain 4, rcr .....
prrts
( All these THINGS that .no .....-.-
of the month mas, had I,,... ..., ..a.
Tony saw thro,oI, tro .,. a. .
physician and tho ho,r, ,,., .,.....i
ana while sho told hin, I'm. ....y of
everything that baJ i.r,.~.f ~.
folt mjscrabIv ipndcc-.. ~ ny.
sician as well as friend ..a,. here
WAS nothing he could prescribe for
her,
She had boon ,,rr.irr. f-- moro
than half an hour ,.r.,ir., method.
traIIv ,uch Ii,,tn ti,i... .i,.I' i,taInd
nm int, tho disas,,oy. ys.7I ,.,al of
,aiIrro e,,o ,,;.d ., ,,..D her voice
nycn and rr,,,,r.,rr mt hcr puZ.
z,n,,cr, orJ bpr, broke ,urGIrf
po,rnortIv.
=, ,ho su.,,,.,r wlcn every.
thing w,s ronrr,.c-.tn, ,cIcphorc
constantly ringing II stream of
pcopIo cI,,iry an, Going IN the
Henderson daily dispatch., 1942-09-21

I'VE seen p"op!2 IN your shop"
She nodded. Yes. they come to
borip" h,"ks-and TO look at me,
mnyba'
why .',uld thcy?" nc asked
stuu.'g
b. .t "alilri tire length of the
room . back AMI then went to
I'll. "...." am spoke to him. with
h,. .a turned so that lie would
r.' $50. her face:
! chats rhat | don't know, but 1
!. ." "."n 40 know Il lot Of things
| o. '.. last year about people. /
,'" When they want so be- nice
lei hat they have To- hold
.... | ';noH "rrn they're curious
|hen they're not. and when
rest Is Urtiyc ana when IT is
'. Curiosity. and iurtivc interest
I'D peoples being nice but not
. .' iil 10 me. That's what
-. been gct'ir: lately. Tony. nv
end. You see I'm on trial for
u'thIug." She turned and faced
..m then. Tie awful thing about
.. Is tina, don't know shat it is"
The doctor pulled on the lobe OF
his ear. rubbed his chin ana looked
everywhere except at her. If only
ne dared ask her TO tell him every
lining that was in her heart. AS n
physician. he knew nat talking
InoGt It should give her some re.
lief.
She went on:
1t isn't only in business that
this pcrSc q. . this OStraciZation
Is going on. It's everywhere appar.
cnt The women ] thought were my
friends. likcd me. Oh. they're
nice, yes, but really cordial. no.
they don't invite me to their
houses, or 10 take part in anv ac-
tiviticS. They ant even stop in
just to cha, anymore. And I'm too
proud. Tony, to ask them why.
Should l."
Tony didn't answer. He was en-
crossed IN examining hole in n
ciGarct and a search for the right
''''fc ~ nv HhS convinced TIA.
the diagnosis he had privately
made accounted for more of her IN.
happiness than the collapse OF her
business. important as that WAS.
lie couldn't come out and tell her
that he knew she was IN love with
kilcran. He couldn't help her until
she told him herself And he
couldn't blame her; he had only
pity for any woman whr had tho
hcartachc that must surely be hers.
Abruptly he said. IF there's any
reason back Of all this- and mind
you, l haven't admitted that there
is-havc you any idea III your own
mind what II could hc?" His eyes
did not me. ncrs when he spoke.
because he didn't want her TO sec
that 1t needed little searching for
anyone to have seen the way sho
turned her laughing face to Tom
Kilcran's.
When she didn't answer imme-
diately. he said About kilcran,
perhaps"
ITO BE Continued)
Henderson daily dispatch., 1942-09-21

1T WAS little after = O'Clock
an uul"arL of h5Gr for Barbara {,
appear for the !irs. time Gui.. ,
the day, but it had been long l.,",
three whey she finally went {,
sleep. She mad mary things :,
think about AMI she had INDUCED
IN tie rather sadly pleasant -.
mantle experience of routing Tor.
kilcran from her delayed girli,h
dreams.
She greeted her assistant with
her usual bright smile. "Iiow goes
everything. Ellen"
Ell"n'S face was long.
"Oh. Mrs. Wistcr. terrible"
Terrible" How could il? VIVA,
20 You mean? Not that yoU e
Sh" looked at the girl. EIlrr had
been promised that she coal! Dis
ard her braces within a month ana
barbara remembered that she Mas
20 have had an examination thr
night before.
oh, it's not me. Mrs. WiStcr."
Ellen said. IT'S that the telephone. $
been busy ever since II o'clock
ana :"
But that means business IS
good, my dear. Have We any ordc"s
IN the mall" Barbara turned back
10 her desk. relieved.
ellen handed her a memorandum
pad with score of names on il.
"All cancelled" she said. These
are the reservations for the nuns
cry"
Cancelled? " Barbara said
hlankIy. Why"
. Il don't know. No one gave any
reason. And Mrs. Walker
called and wanted to know when
you're going 10 New York again.
Maybe she %ints me TO get
something can order 10y mail. Did
she say what It was?"
NO. She Just said she wanted to
Know when you were going"
But she knows ! 60 every fort
night. I'll ring her up" She diaiCd
The Walker number.
Hello" Mrs. Walkers high
voice answered
Mrs. Walker. this Is Barbara
WiStcr. You rang :"
Mrs. Walker Is not IN" that
lady said tartly and hung up.
If she had slapped her. the cX-
preston on Barhnra's face could
not have been more panied and
puzzled
She said in n small voice. ELLEN.
What could have happened? -
Ellen couldn't tell her because
Sic didn't know.
Ruth Caller would have known
ana wuLli have told her. but the
lursc was away on a case and Bar.
hara had completely forgotten the
conversation they had had weeks
before.
IT'S jist rlc Of those things
That happens 10 everybody in bust.
ness" she said TO Ellen. Maybe
people are going 20 he more eco
nOniCai The var IN Europe has
everybody scared" she said more
10 reassure herself than Ellen.
Henderson daily dispatch., 1942-09-21

That table will furnish an cx-
amnl" II is tn" figuring IN one
deaf II a duplicate. With North.
i.-..h not vulnerable. the game
bonus - be H.!,!r,i - IN" ya.l.r 3D.,
'"" tricks i 600. auI the small
siam bonus 800. ~ the various.
Tables. ih">" w"r" III" respective
I.-1l'~. w.th North or South III,
"'r.A!"r III each case. G-C!uis
rH..r. 6-ll"artS down onr. 1.
Hearts h.i and an extra trick
'a'..'. G-IlcartS made. T-IIrlrtS
o"th.'d Al! Hu"n tN". i-Ii,lr,s
ii an! made sl>. ard 7-iivA:,<
CJ"H ;"O not IouhlcG
Distributed ~ KIM I
Henderson daily dispatch., 1942-09-21

oW equipment which has not u..u
officially NEpgu.,t 10y the ul..,, ..
'Nr..In Gcicu 4. Many local .u.u
ayd n'cm .c.la.va biaciur r..
Light. etc. Wa.,u HON Mu-l .....
al luv luariv,
Henderson daily dispatch., 1942-09-21
Humorous Problem
a =
9 ) J II -
q X "NJ2
- ="

Dealer. West, E:ast.Wust vul.
- lN.vr
H." Sh"u!H $"u,h plan 3D.. r:ay
81 THIS deal for I-ilcaris ar
N"s; loads the club X?
s'ai,s %ya!.l.... ig,.
Henderson daily dispatch., 1942-09-21

spe"d up printing. and there mus, be
@''!l ""t IN emergency can 'ur type
"!it'rs AID s,rl II operate ;acin.
Henderson daily dispatch., 1942-09-21

Saturdays hn>@-f
~. Conclude
IS Old length
nltI. tr,
40 Epoch
Henderson daily dispatch., 1942-09-21
. G7 & KS Ute Z KS
! Vent LIfESAs
CHAPTER THIRTY-NINE

"Mi 'iH FOR ANp RELEASED ~ ASSOCIATION
Evening star., 1942-06-01

cupying a number Of points in the
outer defense area of Anking. in
Southwestern Anhwei, while forces
moving against Hofei, in the center
of the province 10 miles from the
aYngtze, had reached the suburbs.
Attacks Continuing.
The broad series of actions was
begun May 25, the war bulletin re-
ported, and the attacks are continu-
ing. Objectives include Chusien,
about 20 miles northwest of Man,
king; Chuantsiao, Tingyuan. Hofei,
Tsachsien, Wuwei Anking and
Wangkiang, the latter near the
southwest border Of Anhwei.
Anhwei flanks the province of XII
angsu, where Shanghai and Nanking
are situated, and Chekiang. where
Japanese forces occupied the provin-
cial capital, Kinhwa, last week.
Yesterdays communique charged
that the japanese used poison gas
to force the Chinese to abandon
Kinhwa and Lanchi, 10 miles to
the northwest.
Chekiang Fight Goes On.
Fighting continued in number
of places in Chekiang, however
Notable among the Chinese claims
was that their forces had recap
tured Wuchen, which is less than
IS miles airline southwest of Shang-
hal, near the northeast border of
the province. To the southwest of
Wuchen, five enemy transports were
reported sunk in the Funchun River.
Evening star., 1942-06-01

degree from Georgetown University
in 1915 and practiced law until 1917.
when he was ordered to active duty
in the old Pay Corps Of the Navy.
In 1918, he was outside superinten-
dent of the supply department at
the Philadelphia Navy Yard and was
in charge of a large force of men
loading and unloading war materials
and expediting shipments for the
A. E. r.
He continued in the Reserve until
1920 and was appointed to the reg
ular Navy in 1921 as the result Of
a competitive examination. He was
Immediately assigned to duty as
supply officer of a division of the
destroyer force of the Atlantic feet.
Admiral Young served later on
the U. S. S. Asheville and in the
Washington Navy Yard. He later
was assistant to the general in
spector of the Supply Corps of the
East Coast. He completed the Army
Industrial College course and later
served with the Controller General
of the United States and in the
General Accounting ONCE.
In 1941 he became fleet supply
officer of the train, Atlantic Feet,
and had the responsibility for sup
plying and distributing all the pro-
visions and general stores TO all
ships and bases operating under the
commander in chief of that fleet.
He holds the Victory Medal with
transport clasp for World War
service. He lives at los Hesketh
street. Chevy Chase, Md.
Evening star., 1942-06-01
Russia
Continued From First Page

where an attack was least expected.
The sinking of three enemy ships.
a transport and trawler in the
Gulf of Finland and an 8000-ton
transport in the Black Sea, was an
nounced in the Soviet Information
Bureau war bulletin last midnight.
Sailors of the Russian Baltic Fleet
were reported yesterday to have
made daring raid behind the Ger
man lines to prison camp ncrth-
west of Lake linen where they
killed the guards and rescued 81
soldiers and sailors.
$50 Found Starving.
The report said the rescuers found
$50 prisoners lying in a yard dying
of starvation. Their evening ration
was described as soup boiled from
tree bark. Many Of the men were
unable to move.
The three-week battles in the
crimea and the Ukraine which
opened the spring campaign on the
eastern front have ended in a calm
which finds new lines stabilized
and both sides preparing for new
and perhaps more violent outbreaks.
AS the result of the early May
offensives the Germans now are
holding lines advanced to the Kerch
Strait which separated them from
the Caucasus and the Russians are
occupying deep wedges about Khar-
kov in the Ukraine.
The lull was signalized today by
a Soviet communique which said
there was nothing at all to report
from the front.
Nazis Massing Tanks.
The Germans were reported mass
ing a vast concentration of tanks
behind the southern front, and Rus
sian reconnaissance pilots said that
in one sector they saw an armored
column which stretched through
streets of a city, on through the
suburbs and as far as the horizon.
During three days of attacks on
such forces one force of Russian
airmen reported destroying so tanks,
to add to a toll of more than 100
tanks and several hundred trucks
smashed during the previous two
weeks.
In another raid with a German
airdrome as the target, the Russians
said 18 German planes were de-
stroyed and one new Focke-Wulf
fighter shot down.
Evening star., 1942-06-01
Admiral W. B. Young,
D. {. Native, Named
Paymaster General
Former Georgetown U.
Athlete Advanced Two
Grades for New Post

Comdr William Brent Young, u
s. NJ, Supply Corps, a native of
Washington and widely known
among the old families of the Dis
trict, was sworn in today as pay
master general and chief of the Bu-
reau of Supplies and Accounts of the
Navy, succeeding Rear Admiral Ray
Spear, who was retired on reach
ing the statutory retirement age.
In the appointment, Comdr
Young was jumped over the grade
of captain to that of rear admiral
in a ceremony that had been staged
only three other times since the
World War. Rear Admirals Ben
Moreell, Percival S. Rossiter and
Ross T. McIntire were similarly
advanced.
Comdr. Young took the oath from
Rear Admiral Walter B. Woodson.
Judge Advocate General of the
Navy, and the epaulets of a rear
admiral were pinned on his shoul-
ders. Comdr. w. J. Carter, S. c.,
is to be sworn in later as his as
sistant.
On G. U. Relay Team.
The new admiral is remembered
in athletic circles as a member of
relay team at Georgetown Uni
versity between 1912 and 1915. He
recalled today early athletic asocia-
tions with Harry c. Curly Byrd,
president of the University of Mary
land, and that he once did sports
writing with DR.. Byrd on the Even
ing Star.
He received the bachelor of law
Evening star., 1942-06-01
Murder
Continued From First PageD

already on their way to the scene
at the call of aroused apartment
dwellers. Meanwhile, after 300
yard chase, the man sank to the
ground gasping and Gates and
Breski said he pleaded, Don't
hit me-"
They seized him and held him for
the police. officials recovered the
knife from the river.
Arrested in 1910.
At police headquarters, the man
said he was single, a native of
Albania, and was a cook by trade.
Police said a man of the same
name had been arrested in May,
1910, on a lewdness charge.
Police also said a man of the
same name had been a patient in
the State Hospital for the Insane.
Lynn police officials, who since
last summer have been seeking the
sex-slayer of 19-year-old Frances
Cochraine, whose mutilated and
partly body was bound in a
Salem thicket, announced that they
were coming to Boston at once to
question Adams.