davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1942-08-27
Medical Trend
.Kiwanis Topic


Happiness does not depend on
/ physical or financial conditions said
! DR.. n B. Britton when he ad-
[ dressed the Kiwanis Club Wednes-
/ day noon in the Hotel Huron using
as his topic Trends in Medicine.
DR.. Britton said that religion and
| medicine We're closely associated
during the early period OF the prac.
j tice of medicine, and that this as
ISOLATION existed for thousands OF
/ years. Through observation and
/ the passing Of beneficial id ass from
one person TO another medicine
became disassociated from reli-
/ gion.
New ideas in medicine are slow
in being adopted, unless the idea
has produced spectacular results. "
/ said the speaker A good exam.
/ pie of the slowness with which
ideas are adonted is that of Louis
| Pasteur His efforts were disap-
] proved for years and he was even
/ prosecuted. Even doctors stick to
/ Old rules and are many times slow
in approving new ideas, he said. and
contended that the value of a
+ knowledge OF Latin and Greek in
medicine is indispensable.
We are always looking for the
golden age OF medicine and each
generation imagines his is the gol.
den age. Precision instruments
and organic chemistry have played
an important part in the develop
ment OF medical treatment. The
sulpha drugs, nine OF which are now
/ being used. are a great advance.
The use of blood tranSfusions in the
/ treatment of shock is better under.
stood and is very important
+ Infectious diseases spread much
faster in time OF war. especially ty-
/ phus. We have condition OF ty.
/ phus now existing in the United
I States Rats from the Orient are
now injecting our wild animals and
This has spread from the Coast as
f far as Missouri Some types OF
typhus are transmitted from per.
T son 10 person There VIII probably
be a form Of vaccination for the
control OF the disease. The egg
method for the culture Of typhus
virus Is now very successful
Announcem Mt was made OF a
meeting Of division six at the Michi
gan Union. Ann Arbor. September
Q. with dinner 10 be served at :
p. m Trero will he a showing Of
pictures Of Midway. Coral Sea
Dutch Harbor and the sinking OF
the battleship Bismarck after the
dinner.
II was also announced that the
local Kiwanis Club will sponsor the
visit of the blood donor unit to the
city October and s.
Delegates named to the state
convention in Saginaw October 4
8. and 6. include President Law
renee Schaner. Robert Steere and
Frank Blsha with Frederick Vein
mann George Becker and Arthur
Walker. as alternates.
-GHests At the meeting we're r J
Allison. Plymouth: William Hewitt
F Roy Holmes and Ezra Plummer
Ann Arbor
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1942-08-27
Miss Victory
CivenCrown

ITS wonderful
That's all Miss Betty Hines. tlt
5. Park ST. could say after she was
crowned Miss Victory OF 1879
Wednesday night al the World OF
Pleasure shows ponsorcd here by
the Veterans OF Foreign Wars
A sophomore At Npsilanti High
School. she Is the daughter OF Nr.
and Mrs. Charles Hines. who moved
TO Npsilanti TWO years ago from De-
troit. She hopes 10 become a school
teacher. Miss Hines received a $50
Defense Bond. Although she has
been saving stamps. this is her first
bond She and her three maids OF
honor are 20 receive wrist watches
az tonight's performance. None Own
one at present.
Miss Marian stephanoff $50 r.
Michigan Ave, became Miss Npsi-
lanti." as second place winner 4
daughter Of Mr. and Mr.. Harold
Boyd. VINO moved here from Wayne
last March, she IS Junior a. Ypsi-
lanu High School. She resolved a
3e5 Defense Bond. which is hes first
one
Third place houUrs vert TO Mts.
BETTY Sifks. t2S COLLEGE Place.
daughter OF Mr. and Mr. Joseph
snldalt- Of Jackson Ten dollaIs- In
defense stamps were given to her.
Miss Bernice Kline. 3l5 Pearl St,
fourth place winner received five
dollars In defense stamps She Is a
seventh grade student the daugh-
ter Of Mr. and Mrs. william Kline.
Commander Clifford Gates Of Post
240S. Veterans OF Foreign Wars be.
slowed the hon0rs on each candl-
data
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1942-08-27
Tent, >Shanty
Groups Moved

A number Of tents. tlailers and
make-shift shelters. In Wizard
Orchards near the bomber plant
are being moved this week as
county health authorities enforce
existing housing and sanitary reg.
Ulations.
Living conditions have been de-
scribed as deplorable by health
authorities with from two 10 six
NELSON'S living in one shelter. Tho
problem cannot be completely
solved In ordering the tenants 70
move because they gather in an.
other location, health authorities
point cut.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1942-08-27
News From Home
Sent 10 Soldiers

lonhers. \ Y Aug TAP
It's ,rly a small weekly paper.
measuring 9 by IL inches and run
ming about eight pages. but the
lonkers Home News tells home
town boys on the worlds battle.
fronts what they want TO know.
The Alexander Smith Memorial
Foundation. philanthropic organ.
ization endowed by the late foun-
der OF a carpet company here, set
no a fund for local service men
Is months ago and the trustees
thought newspaper mailed free
To the boys abroad would be vel
come.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1942-08-27
Girls Must Pull in
Seams, Trim Off Hens

Washington. Aug % -.lNS-Not only are
folds and full skirts gone from department
store dresses by war necessity but WPB
orders are out today TO even stop them from
being made al home.
Paper patterns are being cut down TO give
the same length. sweep and sleeve circum-
ference as ready made garments the WPB
stated as the last source OF graceful folds
and flattering drapes was cut or from the
feminine world
"A five per cent leeway was allowed so that
existing patterns which only slightly exceed
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1942-08-27
Cyclist Hurt
iin~Acciident

In a minor collision between a
car and a motor bicycle Wednesday
night at the intersection Of Wash
tenaw Ave. and M-23. Allen Burrell,
BIB WaShtenaw Ave, riding on the
motor bicycle. received lacera-
ton on one leg.
He was treated at 81. Joseph
Hospital. Ann Arbor. and returned
TO his home the same evening. The
driver OF the motor bicycle was
Richard Benedict. 1913 f.. Fores
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1942-08-27
TO COLLECT CANS

Detroit. Mich. Aug. EN- a pro-
clamation Mavor Jeffries set Sat.
urday as the first collection date in
the tin can salvage program. and
urged householders TO place the
cans in containers in front OF their
homes Friday afternoon or evening.
Additional collections VIII be made
at stated intervals he said.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1942-08-27

line Saline they cayier rails better
Electrically HAed
o year On Yps
into operation ovember 2s. 1896.
The line extended 1893 being traffic
y
for
Ffsve
should be the night OF November 1899 The
of November oHh with sheds sight
son
barber story indicates ceeba
ton after the job finished
shining black the chair
replied You ought You hit last night the
baton"
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1942-08-27

may sun DC used aItef The effective
September said
Now there around the styles Big plump thin
wiowly the American girl pulls her
and doesn't mind box skirts her style
The home dessmaker s satisfy her
The pattern order did not call Tor
and OF OF
fluffy expression
After Feb J. 1913 manufacturer may
that exceeds the
debaou upon
made dress, lingerie and longing
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1942-08-27
FILE NEW CLAIMS

Detroit Mich. Aug. Ems A
total OF 3,229 new claims for unem.
ployment benefits we're filed In
Michigan for the week ending Au-
gust p. the Michigan Unemploy.
ment Compensation Commission an
nounced today, bringing the grand
total on file TO 1898. or the latest
total, !, 1873 were rtfed In the DeT0tr
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1942-08-27
Barber Shop Patrons
Review Events of Past

IL petty -Aeu,-+Aa- eal4re4e 4e,f
~ running when you see a bunch Of older pa.
irons In barber shop conversation They are
usually recalling events Of the past All kinds
OF questions arise. chiefly about what happened
when Among the latest are
When did the first intelurban cars run
through Ypsilanti? and
When were the sheds torn down,
In way OF answer. II seems that The original
Ypsi-Ann steam dummy" started regular trips
between Ypsilanti and Ann Arbor January 9
1891 The first ears were not allowed within
the Ann Arbor city limits on account Of the
noise.
The following year a larger car was added
and there was also an open car for summer
In 1893 the orlglnal raLla wee usna % build
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1942-08-27
AUCTION CALENDAR

THURSDAY, Angus, 2z, 1900 o.
clock sharp at the farm miles
south Of Ypsilsnti. ~ miles
West Of willis. A. J. Miniek &
Son. Prop; Earl Wright, Auet..
\. P. miniek, Clerk. Adv. S26S
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1942-08-27

WASHINGTON AP-Six Liber-
ty ships. named for heroes Of Amer
lean organized labor Nill be
launched labor Day. Sept Z the
Maritime Commission announced
today.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1942-08-27

Detroit. Mich. Aug. 81 INS-De-
iroit FBl Chief John :. Bugas today
declared that merchants should ask
for positive Identification before
selling military equipment or in.ig.
Mas 10 prospective customers i
think these places selling uniforms
should use better judgment" com.
unntod p,t.sa
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1942-08-27
Congress Today

fBy the Associated Press
Senate
Routine business meets noon.
Eastern War Time).
Finance Committee continues
work on new tax bill IN executive
session 90 q M.
House
Faces hght over amended service
mems Vote-by-mail bill meets
TrruI
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1942-08-27
Flashes of
Late News
THE WEATHER: Tonight:
Scattered Showers

CHICAGO-INS - The $4,000
workers in the steel mills OF th'
Chicago area were expected today
10 buy war bonds with large
share Of the $4,000 900 in wage in
creases awarded by the War Laboi
Board Frank Order sub-distric
director OF the United steel Work
ers OF America, said a war bonC
buying campaign now is under way
LONDON-INS-Queen Will
helmins OF the Netherlands has
returned TO England at the con-
elusion OF a lengthy summer
visit 10 the United States and
Canada, Dutch circles in Lon
don disclosed today. the Meth
erlands News Agency said.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1942-08-27

EAST CHICAGO. Ind - APP -
Striking workers agreed TO return
To work today at three OH reineries
and a loading terminal in the Calu-
met district after they were told
by federal labor conCiliator that
the government considered the stop
page Of high octane gls1lina produc-
ton - very critical threat TO the
war effort
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1942-08-27

PITTSBURGH, Pains - As
aluminium workers prepared today
to vote on whether to authorize a
strike in that vital war industry re.
ports circulated today that CIO
President Philip Murray was at
tempting to arrange further confer
ences between union leaders and
representative OF the Aluminium
Co., of America.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1942-08-27

NlCHY-AP-A special decree to-
day cancelled 4oyear prison sen
tence assessed % years ago against
Robert ami Hermann Roechling
German steel mas#ates charged
with pillaging and moving factories
across the border when German
troops evacuated occupied Saar
territory after the World War.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1942-08-27

WASHINGTON-INS- The War
Department announces that Mrs.
Wilmot Grifiiss, Of Buffalo, today
received in New York the distin-
guished service medal awarded
posthumously TO her son, 1t. Col.
Townsend Gfifiss ef-the Air Corps.
who was killed in plane crash
overseas several months ago.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1942-08-27

LONDON-lNS--A medium-sized
American freighter and a Dutch
steamer have been sunk by Ger
man submarines in the Gulf of
Mexico. it was claimed today IN a
DNB News Agency dispatch broad
cast on the Berlin radio, according
to Reuters.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1942-08-27

BOMPAY-AP-Six persons we're
killed today when troops fired on a
crowd OF demonstrators attempting
TO set fire to private propery As
repors OF disorders continued to
filte in. the government Of Bihar
Province in northeast India direct.
ed that special courts be set up 10
speed the trial Of those charged
with criminal offeuses.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1942-08-27

CAMDEN. y. J.-INS-Glouces
ter County authorities went for
ward today with plans for the trial
OF Private Wilborn A. Rogers, %.
Of Los Angeles, Calf, ale ged self
confessed SLAYER OF Mrs Emma
May Evans, %, Camden widow.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1942-08-27

CANBERRA, Australia AP -
Prime Minister John Curtin an
nounced today that Sir Earle Page
had been appointed TO the advisory
war council in Australia and would
sit in on meetings Of the Austria.
Ian war cabinet to give il the
benefit Of knowledge he gained as
special minister 10 London
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1942-08-27

LONDON-lNS-- Messages OF
coincidence continued TO pour into
Buckingham Palace today as plans
were being made for burial OF the
Duke of Kent, youngest brother OF
King George VI killed in a plane
crash in Scotland Tuesday There
was no announcement OF details Of
the funeral services. and it was
considered unlikely there would
be in view Of the wartime necessity
for secrecy concerning movements
OF the Royal Family.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1942-08-27

NEW YORK-INS-Gypsy Rose
Lee, who raised the art Of strip
tease from burlesque to perform
ances with higher box office prices
is about TO enter into her second
marriage venture. The groom will
be Alexander Kirkland, actor. who
is currently starring in Junior
Miss" The wedding is scheduled
lat the stroke of midnight" Sunday
in Miss Lees home at Highland
Mills, n. Y.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1942-10-08
Pre-Nuptial Parties
 GiUen Peggy Blake

Mrs. Michael Green feted Miss Peggy Blake of Capitol avenue with a personal shower Tuesday evening at her home on Edson avenue.
 The guests included Bernadine Supernant, Dorothea Geraghty, Jean Doran, Helen Lang, Rosemary Mo- Cabe, Margaret O'Neill, Eleanor O,Neill, and Mrs. John Bates.
 Miss Helen Lang of Cherry street entertained for the bride-to-be with a kitchen and bathroom shower.
 Among her guests were: Virginia Crane, Mrs. Michael Green, Kath- leen Meade, Mrs. Raymond Sugden, Maureen Bowling, Mrs. Peter Gaug, Jr., Agnes Donnelly, Betty Cramer, Betty zibel, Helen Daugardas, Betty Cruess, Martha Shoner, Selma Gauthier, Rita Deconinck, Muriel McDuff, Alta Fancher, Edna Blanc, Doris Matthews, Barbara Matthews.
 Mrs. Louis Lang, Anna Lang, Mrs. Kenneth Warland, Mrs. John Bates, Theresa Long, Margaret O'Neill, Dorothea Geraghty, Eleanor O'Neill, Jean Doran, Barbara Dickens, Mar garet O,Donnell, Mrs. Lonnie Thompson, Rita O'Donnell, Mrs. Richard Altman and Florence O'Donnell.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1942-10-08

the Democratic state ticket will be in attendance at the affair, which is scheduled for 6 o'clock.
 All of the local Democratic candi- dates will be in attendance, as well as Mayor Vincent. A. Scully, and Democratic party leaders.
 Committees in charge of the event include: General, Mrs. Hayden, chairman, Miss Bessie Smith, sec retary, Miss Helen Quilter, Mrs. John Shea, Mrs. Charles Teller, and Miss Kathleen Bowling;
 Door: Miss Rosemary Smith and Miss Bessie Smith;
 Seating arrangements: Miss Cath erine V. Burns, Mrs. Thomas F. ODonnell, Mrs. William Keaveney, Miss Lucy Minahan and Miss Mar jorie Quilter:
 Reception: Mrs. Edward J. Mo- Donald, Mrs. Thomas Gilhooley, Mrs. Elizabeth Sullivan, Mrs. Pauline Conlan, Mrs. Josie McGrath, Mrs. John Marinan, Mrs James Greaney, Mrs. William Sutton, Mrs. William Guilfoile, Miss Catherine Maloney, Mrs. Belinda Tracy, Mrs. George Corcoran, Mrs. Catherine Zibell Mrs. Margaret Costello, Mrs. Mary Kilmartin and Mrs. Patrick Healey. DZi-
The Waterbury Democrat., 1942-10-08
PerSOnQl
Church Ceremony ,Unites Couple

 .Assortd ponapoms, asters and ferns decorated st. Patrickss church on TueBday morning for the wed- ding of Miss Concetta BerarM of IAwrei1ce street to George PaIla- dino also Of Lawrence street. The Reverend J. J. Palladino of PoFtland, Maine, an uncle of the groom, united the couple at nine o. clock in the presence of guests from New London, New Jersey, Maine and this city.
 Miss Rose Berardi attended her sister, the daughter of Mir. and Mrs Joseph Berardi. Francis Palladino served as best man for his brother, the son of AllreIio Palladino.
 Given in marriage by her father, the bride wore gown of white satin with lace meda1lions, and a long train. Her veil was full length, and she carried white roses with or chidS.
 The gown of the maid of honor was fashioned with a bodice of plIr- pie velvet, and skirt of quilted or-. enid taffeta. She wore an orchid tiara, and carried yellow chrysar- themumS.
 A reception followed at the home of the brides parents, Mrs. Berardii was dressed in powder blue crepe, black accessories, and 8 white gar- deria corSage.
 The couple left for an unan- nounced trip, the bride travelling in a black velvet costume with Silver Fox jacket, and corsage of orchids.
 Mrs. Palladino is graduate of Wilby High School. Mir. Palladino is affiliated with the Waterbury Police Department.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1942-10-08
Bride-to-Be Guest
 or Mrs. Ed1Uin Beck

Mrs. Edwin Beck of Walnut street recently entertained at a miscel- laneous shower in honor of Miss Marjorie Glastre of Temple street,
 Among her guests were: Mrs William Kenney, Mrs. William F, Steinmetz, Mrs. Daniel Gallucci, Mrs. Harold Boyce, Mrs. Harold Kimberley, Mrs. Francis Perazelli. Mrs. Walter Charest, Mrs. John Schaff, Mrs. E. ". Graffam, Mrs. Henry Lee, Mrs. Egbert Holden, Mrs. Floyd Holden, Mrs. William O'Keefe, Mrs. James O'Keefe, Mrs. Clarence Olmsted.
 Mrs. A. LaFrance, Mrs. Eric Breau. Mrs. Doris Kelly, Mrs. Guilio Aleandri, Mrs. Ernest Glastre, Mrs. Marie Duffney, Mrs. Harold Riley. Mrs. William Rado, Mrs. H. Hebert, Mrs. Joseph Cavanaugh. Mrs. Rose Leblanc, Miss Rita Charest, Miss Alice Kinney, Miss Grace Kinney, Miss Marjorie Glastre and Mrs. Ed win Beck.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1942-10-08
Sister Hon0rs
 Helen x Ma


 Miss Henriette May Of c stta entertained last evening with a pez4 sonal shower in honor df her sister. Miss Helene May at their home oo oak street. AFiss May win ks ma2 ried on Saturday afternoon at Ed ward T. Dodd Of wan street.
 Among the guests were Max David, Frances Goggins, Eopillo Meleski, Helen David, Julie sin0A ley, olga Beato, Claire Hodkowz Helen Palmoski, Eleanor Dodd, Con stance Minervini, Helen Ks0nMicx Shirley RopeIewshi, Mary Ks00Elc Wanda MajeslIi, Mary Ann stand ard, Mrs. Emil Obernier, Mrs. HenlJ PoSila.
 Mrs. Edward Lewicki, Mra Thomas Pauloski, Mrs. Joseph P0sS fla. Mrs. D. Harbachuck, Mrs. Hers bert Tofey, Mrs. John MronzincI< Mrs. Victor Bart, Mrs. Edward Winslow, Mrs. Chester May, Mfm Chester May, Mrs. Joseph May, MT Jean Repelewski, Mrs. William Painter, Mrs. Joseph May IT, axlA Mrs. Anne WiesEouse.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1942-10-08
Miss Elizabeth Kane
 Addresses Society

"Some Memories of Foreign Mis- sionary Work, Early and Late" was the subject of talk given by Miss Elizabeth G Kane at the first Fall meeting of the Women's Association of the Second Congregational church yesterday at Davenport hall. Mrs. Arthur Reed Kimball, Mrs. Walter Boyd, Mrs. Pierrie c. Cowles, and Mrs. Robert Dennison also ad- dressed the gathering. The history of the local association was out lined.
 Mrs. Ray F. Messenger. soloist, rendered selections, accompanied by Miss Alice Lorenson. The devotional service was led by Mrs Frank L.. Bugden. Tea was served following the meeting.
 The foreign missionary commit tee of which Mrs. Herman Rooster is chairman was in charge of the program. Plans were made for a food sale to take place October 26.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1942-10-08
ConseiL Villa Maria
 Arranges ActiUities

Miss Cecile Frechette presided at the monthly meeting of the Con- sell Villa Maria which was held on Monday evening.
 Mrs. H. Phaneuf, Mrs. John La- Vallee, Mrs. Brousseau, Mrs. I. Houle and Miss J. Frechette were chosen as delegates to attend the district meteing on October 25 in Meriden. Miss Leona Frechette ad- dressed the members in an appeal for the Community Chest.
 Several new members will be initiated at the next meeting. Re- hearsals are now in progress for a play to be presented shortly. Any member wishing to join the Bowl ing League is requested to be pres ent at the Franco-American Bowling alleys at o'clock tomorrow even- ing.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1942-10-08
Church Entertains
 ReU., Mrs. Wright

The members of the South Feder- ated Church entertained last eve- ming in honor of the Reverend and Mrs. M. Webb Wright, at the church.
 The Rev. and Mrs. David P. Gaines, Clifford Ryder, MT. and Mrs. Floyd Holden, and MT. and Mrs. Harry Jane assisted the couple in receiving.
 Among the guests were Reverend and Mrs. Alan Fairbank.
 Frank Wilson served as master of ceremonies, with Clifford s. Ry- der as general chairman of the af- fair. Mrs. Harry Humiston ar ranged the program, and Mrs Arthur Hansen, the decorations.
 Mrs. John Brown, president ot the Ladies Circle, Mrs. John Bush, president of the Daughters of Ruth class, Mrs. Arthur Hansen, presi- dent of the Guild, were in charge of refreshments.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1942-10-08
Bundles for Britain
 Re-eLects Officers

Mrs. Arthur Reed Kimball, presi- dent, and the complete slate of of- ficers and directors of the. Water bury chapter, Bundles for Britain, Inc, were relected for another term at recent meeting. It was re- ported that $3,200 has been donated for needy hospitals, air raid vic- tim's care, childrens relief, and the emergency fund for sailors in Eng land. A total of $596 was raised at recent benefit English garden party and placed in 8 fund for British relief.
 Officers of the unit include: first vice president, Mrs. Robert Lowell; second vice-president, Mrs. Clar- ence P. Cooke; treasurer, Edwin C.. Northrop; secretary, Miss Barbara Kenworth; directors, Mrs. Russell Webber, Mrs. Walter Barber, Will liam Craig, Mrs. Rowley w. Phil lips, Rev. Conner R. Lewis, Mrs. Donald Mcdonald, Percy Leaper, William Watt and Rabbi William Greenfield.