davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1942-02-22

compared to modern military expense
accounts. The country's finances had
not been sufficiently well organized 20
that expenses would ft into various de-
partments and under various heads.
Washington personally paid for many
secret service men, bought guns, horses
and equipment, paid dispatch riders and
O multitude of other items including
money advanced to many of his officers
attached to his headquarters.
Among the memoranda covering the
entry in June, ITS, for his journey to
Cambridge, Mass, to take charge of the
Army, Is an item of pounds l3 shillings
8 pence loaned to Gen. Lee, the repay
ment Of which does not appear in the
accounts. This may account in part for
his statement recorded on the last page
Of his account book, where he wrote:
II find upon the final adjustment OF
these accounts (,0hich t0iU appear been
long unsettledJ that am considerable
loser
Shortly after Gen. Washington ar
rived at Cambridge, where he established
his headquarters on July 2, TITS, he
made an entry in his note book, as fol-
Evening star., 1942-02-22

an easy matter, for each Colony had its
own currency and the rate OF exchange
varied between them all. Congress i'm
mediately adopted a lawful scale Of
value, but the calculations were difhcult.
Pensa, as written by Washington at the
top of the page reproduced here was the
currency of the Colony Of Pennsylvania.
New York currency was called York and
as he had to reckon these values with
the lawful currency set up by Congress
his accounts show double entry with
different totals.
Looking back 167 years when Wash
ington began these accounts, the sacri-
fees he made for a Nation yet unborn
seem almost incredible, for today, with
flushed national budgets and appalling
war expenditures, the modest items en-
tered in Washington's notebook might
induce smile If the cause had not been
so important and the privations OF the
Army been so great.
Washington's total expenses for the
duration of his service, which amounted
to only 1871 pounds IT shillings /
pence-equal to approximately $81, 800 as
the pound is reckoned today, cannot be
Evening star., 1942-02-22
Editor Josephus Daniels
Returns to Newspapering
BY Noel Yancey,
Wide World News.

scolded one Of his grandchildren for poor
penmanship.
IF you think my writing Is bad, you
ought to see my grandfather's," was the
youngsters reply.
To President Roosevelt, Daniels be-
came chief" when he was Navy Secre-
tary during the First World War-Roose-
velt was his assistant
Daniels is just as old-fashioned in his
dress as he and his paper are militantly
liberal in policy. He always wears a
white shirt with black string tie and
a floppy, broad-brim Southern planters
hat.
He acquired the News and Observer in
1894 Before that, he was an editor at
1s and president of the North Carolina
Press Association at 20.
He took a law course because he
wanted to know as much as lawyers"
served as State printer and was chief
clerk of the Interior Department under
President Grover Cleveland.
When he took over the News and OBJ
server it was printing $500 papers daily
but had only 1900 paying customers.
80 I cut it down to 1900 by cutting
of all the deadheads," he related. 1T
was the custom in those days to give the
paper to judges, Mayors and other ON
cials who should have paid for it."
Daniels built up the News and OBJ
server by making 1t the spokesman for
North Carolina Democrats. The paper
fought for white. supremacy, and 1t
waged war on Republicans, the railroads,
the trusts, the vested interests, the un-
derworld and John Barleycorn.
A Federal judge once ordered him
jailed for contempt of court, but another
Judge released him. He was sued sew
eral times for libel, and he finally re-
wrote the States libel laws. He once
foiled a would-be assassin by hiding in
the mems room of train.
At one time Daniels attacked the Re-
publican party tooth and nail with no
holds barred.
For instance, there was the case Of q
certain Republican legislator, whose
avocations were preaching the gospel
and drinking whisky. The newspaper
roasted him almost every day, and finally
he came to the of1ce to ask for mercy.
Evening star., 1942-02-22

RALEIGH, N. c., Feb. 71.-Josephus
Daniels, the only man living whom Pres
ident Roosevelt calls chief" has re-
turned to his first loves-journalism, lam
basting Republicans and fighting vested
interests.
But If you value your hide, you'd bet
ter not intimate that the 79-year -old
homespun liberal ever ceased being q
newspaperman during the years he was
President Wilson'S Secretary of the Navy
or President Roosevelt's Ambassador to
Mexico.
IAN Ambassador is just a reporter, after
all" he says, land when I was Secre-
tary OF the Navy I was just the Nays
managing editor"
When he resigned several months ago
as Ambassador. Daniels decided to de-
vote his time to writing the story OF q
Tar Heel editor in politics He planned
for his son, Jonathan, to remain as editor
of his paper the News and Observer. But
the son was called for civilian defense,
and Daniels was an editor again.
His first editorial proved that he hadn't
changed his ways:
~And now as always in quiet days and
days Of conflict the News and Observer
will stand for the Jeffersonian doctrine
of equal rights for all and special priv
ileges to none and the reforms embodied
In wilson's new freedom, in Roosevelts
New Deal, and every day and always for
q square deal for all"
He appears every morning at the Of
fees, handles his correspondence, writes
his editorials, then goes home for lunch.
Usually he returns in the afternoon.
so far haven't been coming down
at night" he confessed, but I should.
used to stay in the Office until o'clock
in the morning. That's the only way
to edit a morning newspaper"
Even if he stays home sometimes as
. concession to his wife, he keeps busy,
and his business Is writing.
when think of an editorial, write
4 down." he said. Il sent two editorials
down to the paper last night"
He writes In longhand, and, like many
newspapermen. his writing resembles hen
tracks. The trait apparently runs In
the family. for . school teacher once
Evening star., 1942-02-22

Students OF the development of air
power vs.. sea power express belief that
Japanese battleships of the Ise, Kongo.
Huso and Nasato classes are especially
vulnerable to aerial bombing.
And 80 they are watching with inter-
est for further news of action by heavy
American bombing planes against Japa-
nese capital ships in the Southwest Pa
cific.
They found support for their belief
in the feat of Capt. Colin p. Kelly, jr.,
in sinking the 80 o,ooo-ton Haruna in De-
cember More recently Dutch bombers
sank large Japanese warship, presumed
to be . battleship, in the Macassar
Strait.
The statement Of Former Secretary of
the Navy Charles Edison that certain
streamlining of warships' armament
would be necessary to reduce their vul-
nerability to bombing is considered par
ticularly applicable to these older, pre-
4o,000-ton types of Japanese battleships.
Their construction featured . tower
ing foremast around which was housed
above deck-every conceivable station de-
voted to range-hnding, observation, fire
direction, navigation, communication,
searchhght or torpedo control.
This enlarged vital area As target
and exposed important quarters to the
devastating effects Of . direct hit by
high-explosive bombs.
A shell from an enemy gun might make
a clean sweep entirely through the struc-
ture.
The Mutu's seven-legged foremast was
believed by the Japanese to be immune
to wreckage by gunfire. But to armor
the foremast or auxiliary superstructures
adequately undoubtedly would overweight
the ships topsides so that she easily
might capSize.
An accumulation Of sphnterable struc-
ture is observed In the mainmast and
stack installations Of several Of these
Japanese battleships.
Like other nations, Japan has endeav-
ored in modernization programs to Offset
the growing menace Of the plane with
s6icient and.aircraft arnAnasnt. Dub
Evening star., 1942-02-22

lows: ITO 1884 dollars given TO-
to induce him to 90 into the tosD1 OF
Boston to establish secret eorrispond-
snce TOR the purpose OF conveying In
tellioence OF the enen1ys n.ocensents and
designs" After the asterick at the bot
tom Of the page he wrote: "The names
OF persons employed ,oithiu the enemYs
lines and Dho may jail t0tthfn their
power cannot be included"
These accounts present mass Of val
liable Revolutionary detail, not the least
important of which are the foundation
outlines for a complete history of the
secret service of the Revolution. which
might be said to be the beginning of
our F. B. I. and various secret service
departments Of today.
The item above marks the beginning Of
the official Secret Service and the total
sum spent for this service during the en-
tire eight years Of war amounted to only
or little more than one-eighth Of WASH
ington's total expense in running the war.
Memoranda of accounts Of secret serv-
ice expenditures were carefully destroyed
and 1t is now impossible fully to identify
many of the American spies. Later in
the war Maj. Benjamin Tallmadge was
placed in charge of this service and in
letter from him to Washington he
incautiopsly mentioned the name of one
Of his spies and Washington's answer
to Tallmadge contained sharp rebuke
to the major for having exposed the
spy to such risk OF discovery.
The daring Of the American Secret
Service agents Is attested by the presence
among Washington's papers Of huge
tabular statement bearing the signature
OF the British adjutant general showing
the strength Of the British Army on
April l, 1882. Such paper could have
been obtained only from headquarters of
the British Army itself.
In closing his accounts July /, 1888,
Washington made this note regarding
the great work done by his spies: Be
fore these accounts ore finally closed,
Justice and propiety call upon me to
si0nity that there ore persons Wtkhin
Evening star., 1942-02-22

The publication of George Washtngtons accounts ohle
he Commander in Chief OF the Continental Army def
nitely soO hoD the lack OF adequate financial help ono
of the greatest obstacles Washington had to and
doubt prolonged the Revolutionary War; there had been
unity of purpose among all the citizens OF this country at
that time the conflict might haze ended much less than
eight years. We faced today it far greater under
taking in order to peserue democracy dear to us and all
mankind, but this time country is completely and un
Uauengy united to the preservation of great democracy
Epey man. child ,0o buys United States Defense
Bonds and Stamps o be exercising patriotic junction and
aiding combat forces to their country from the
tanncal dcators Uho trying to dominate the 1oord
D. W. BELL, Undersecretary OF the Treasury.
Evening star., 1942-02-22

the British lines-if they are not dead
or rsmored-,0ho haze claim upon the
public under the strongest assurances
OF compensation from, me for their
services in conveying me private intelli-
oence and ,chich iohen exhibited shall
think myself in honor bound to pay.
Why these claims haze not made their
Evening star., 1942-02-22
BY Logan Reavis,
Wide World News.

to convert an old ship for this new de-
fense demands more than an ordinary
modernization-practically . new ship
must be born.
Moreover, II the latest specifications
attributed to most Of these older Japa-
ness battleships by James Fighting
Evening star., 1942-02-22

Ships" are acceptable, armor apparently
has been sacrificed for speed.
There Is no attempt here to overlook
the vulnerability Of battleships Of oil
nations to torpedo attack by plane or
the consequences Of damages effected by
bomb attacks alone.
Evening star., 1942-02-22
Japan's Battleships Are Ideal Air Targets

But If the attack on United States bat
tleships Arizona and Oklahoma, for in
stance, is compared to the sinking Of the
Haruna, 1t must bs remembered that the
American vessels were ut anchor In Q
harbor, and thus ideal targets, AZ against
. vessel In battle trim operating at sea.
Evening star., 1942-02-22

appearance 'ere this, unless from either
OF the causes aboue mentioned-or from
q disinclindtion in them to come forth
till the B. force is entirely remoped from
the United States, knotD not, but
hape thought it an incumbent duty on
me to bring the matter to ptep that 1t
Evening star., 1942-02-22
zNM Kw[ q z

such claims shall hereafter nppedr"
Great credit should be given to these
American spies, for no claims were ever
made in after years for their valuable
services. When the war ended, the
British had departed these shores and
the Army had disbanded, the matter
ended.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1942-06-04
Neirs From Whitaker

Air. and Mrs. Joseph McMullen
visited Mr.. and Mrs. Rex strawe
sunday afternoon.
Mr.. and Mrs. John Jerry and son
Theodore. Detroit. were Sunday
dinner guests OF Mr.. and Mrs.
Frank Sikorski.
Mr.. and Mrs. Fred Grimm, Ypsi'
lanti. were Sunday dinner guests OF
their parents, Mr.. and Mrs. Ernest
Williams.
Mr. and Mrs. Cecil Houck spent
Sunday evening with his sister and
family. Mr.. and Mrs. David Schaer-
er. Ann Arbor. and brought Mr.. and
Mrs. John Houck home.
Sunday guests OF Mrs. Cora VIII
bur were Mr. and Mrs. A. Baggett
and Mrs. Howard Jones, all OF
Ypsilanti.
Mr. and Mrs. o. Z. Nedder was
in Monroe last week Thursday.
Mrs. Ethel Garrod spent Friday
in Detroit as the guest Of Mrs. Alice
Van Duseas.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1942-06-04

SALT LAKE CITY-UP - Gov.
Herbert b. Nav OF Utah urged
white.collar workers today TO leave
their city jobs temporarily for work
in sugar beet fields. Nav issued
a proclamation asking federal auth
critics ior aid In meeting the farm
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1942-06-04

HOLLYWOOD-INS- John Bar
rymores entire estate, which was
not expected TO exceed $4,000 in
cash and personal property, will go
TO his three children. it was learn
ed here following funeral services
for the famed actor who during his
lifetime earned mere than $1,000
0O0
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1942-06-04

pneumonia.
Mr. and Mrs. John Houck spent
the week with their daughter and
son-in.law, Mr.. and Mrs. David
Schaerer and family, Ann Arbor.
The group spent saturday evening
at Walled Lake.
Mr.. and Mrs. Erwin q. Lamkin
and daughter Faye, Almont spent
the week end with his parents. Mr..
and Mrs. K. {. Lamkin, and were
sunday dinner guests OF Mr.. and
Mrs. Lee Talladay. Judd Rd.
Mrs. Robert Garrod. Mrs. Mirty
kinnicutt and Mrs. Bessie Brown
attended the funeral OF Mrs. Alma
Hapside at the Roberts Funeral
Home, Belleville, Tuesday.
Mrs. A. j. Lamkin and Mrs Ethel
Garrod attended the funeral Of
James Stevens. Lyons, o.
Mr.. and Mrs. o. K. Vedder visit
ed the London Cemetery Memorial
Day, and had dinner at the Metho-
dist Church, London.
Mrs. Grace Francisco. Wayne,
visited Mr.. and Mrs. c.. w. Lowe,
Friday
Mr.. ana Mrs. Arthur Thompson,
Elkhart, Ind, returned to their
home Monday after a few days visit
with relatives and friends here.
Mrs. William Melbourn, Lansing,
was guest at the home OF Mr..
and Mrs. Lynn Horton, over Sun
day.
Sunday afternoon and evening
visitors at the c. w. Lowe home
were Miss Marvel Jean Hawker
and Miss Lucy Bich, Ann Arbor.
Mr.. and Mrs. Henry Richards and
daughter Mary, Ypsilanti. were Sun
day dinner guests OF Mr.. and Mrs.
Sanford Bodley and family.
Mr.. and Mrs, Robert Cole and
daughter visited Mr.. and Mrs. S.
P. Cole, Delta, O., Sunday after
noon.
Mr.. and Mrs. Fred Jahmke, Ann
Arbor, visited Mrs. Annie Merritt
Sunday.
Frank buckingham, Milan, visit.
ed his mother Mrs. Sarah Hitch
ingham, Thursday.
Mrs. A. j. Lamkin and Mrs. Ethel
Garrod visited Mr.. and Mrs. Arcline
Williams and Mr.. and Mrs. Robert
ROLAND, Dawson, Tuesday.
Mr.. and Mrs. William Lawson
and William, Jr., and Mrs. Irene
Hawker, Detroit, were week end
guests of Mr.. and Mrs c. w. Lowe.
Mr.. and Mrs. Fred Griffin, Ypsi-
lanti, spent Thursday evening with
their parents, Mr.. and Mrs. Ernest
Williams.
Mr.. and Mrs. Glen Van Dusen
and daughter Nadine and son.
Glen, Jr., Mr.. and Mrs. Ivan New
kirk and Mrs. Jake Humpnow, De-
troit, were Tuesday evening sup
per guests of Mrs. Ethel Garrod
and Mr.. and Mrs. Edward Boyd
In the evening they visited Mr.. and
Mrs. A. ]. Lamkin.
Mrs. Lynn SQuires and Mrs,
Glen Squires, Ypsilanti, visited Mr..
and Mrs. Thomas buckingham,
Saturday. In the afternoon they
also visited Mrs. Nuten Squires,
Cone.
Mr.. and Mrs. Frank Noonan and
son Jack and daughter Maryline
and Mrs. Agnas buckingham, Lam
sing, We're Saturday guests at the
c. ". Lowe home.
Mr.. and Mrs. Columbus Santure,
Ypsilanti, visited his sister Mrs.
Annie Merritt, Sunday evening.
Mr.. and Mrs. Leo Hammersch-
midi, Detroit spent Sunday with
her parents. Mr.. and Mrs. Thomas
buckingham.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1942-06-04

the national interest be had been
authorized 10 make his hesdquAr.
tiers in any Portuguese colony as
long as be saw fit. TO supervise
legislative and executive activities
subject 70 government APPROVAL.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1942-06-04

The earliest trade route in the
world was known as the Amber
Route. Il crossed Europe in the
Stone Age. earlier than 1000 B. C..
and was used 10 carry amber from
the northern countries 70 Greece
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1942-06-04

LISBON. Portugal-UP- Colon
ial Minister Francisco Nieira Mac.
hado leaves June for Luando.
chief town OF Angola IN Portu.
guese West Africa. in the steam.
ship Angola. n was announced
here. II was said unieiaily that in
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1942-06-04

Gov. Chase A. Clark of Idaho has
ordered state Offices closed for a
week so that all the employees can
60 out into the fields and help
farmers thin sugar beets. Farm
ers in that area, as in the rest OF
the country, have been confronted
with a severe labor shortage,
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1942-06-04

labor shortage and urging business
and professional arms to close
their Offices and business houses for
part OF each day and direct their
employees 10 assist in the beet
work"
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1942-06-04
WITH PNEUMONIA

Whitaker Mich, June +-Mr.
and Mrs. Robert Cole took t--L
son 10 University Hospital all
Arbor. Thursday morning nj Ntn
pneumonia.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1942-09-04

League in Bethesda Lutheran church, New Haven. This is the 18th annual gathering of this youth organization, and will be three day convocation as usual.
 Delegates from both the senior and the junior Luther Leagues of Zion Lutheran Church of Waterbury will attend, as well as representa- tives of Salem Church of Nauga- tuck, Bethlehem Church of Thom- aston and others from Lutheran churches in western Connecticut.
 Following the annual business ses- sion on Saturday afternoon presided over by Erik Modean of Manchester, banquet will be held in the eve- ming at the YWCA of New Haven, with Mir. Mattson as the speaker. He will also speak on Sunday evening, using as his topic the theme of the convention "Out of Darkness Light. At the Sunday evening service the District Luther League
The Waterbury Democrat., 1942-09-04

Both are consent elections agreed to by the parties concerned, without a formal labor board hearing, and both will be conducted by agents of the second region of the National Labor Relations Board.
 The Blake and Johnson workers will vote in the companys plant be- tween the hours of 3 and 6 p. m, and the Waterbury Manufacturing workers September g will vote from 6 to 8 a. m; 2 to 3 p. m; and 5:S0 to 6 D. m. The ballots in both in- stances will be counted immediately following the closing of the polls by the labor board agents,
 The union is confident of winning both elections by large majorities These two elections to be held are the 7th and 9th elections in which the International Union of Mine, Mill and Shelter Workers has par- ticipated in the last few months in Waterbury. All previous elections
The Waterbury Democrat., 1942-09-04

security ag are the hourly paid pro- ducticn and maintenance employees.
 The matter is now before the Na- tional Labor Relations Board. The Chase Company is contesting the unions petition, according to Inter- national Representative Don Harris, who filed the petition and who is in charge of the Chase organizing drive.
 The International Union of Mine, Mill and Shelter Workers, CIO, will be the only union on the ballot in two coming elections, to be conduct ed by the National Labor Relations Board. The first one will be today at the Blake and Johnson Com pany, where l63 employees are eligi- ble to vote. The second ono is on September 9, at the Waterbury Manufacturing Company, a division of the Chase Brass and Copper, where 2204 workers are eligible.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1942-09-04
JANE LANE STOCK
 WORTH 4100 sEiA

4 certificate Of organization iaz filed with the secretary 0l sla1a Jane Lane, Inc. of 50 North Mf street, A total Of si5.n0O. in c has been subscribed. The cosnre will issue 150 shares of stock par value of S100.
 Ofacers of the company arc Hal S. Petersdorff of Kew Gardens M Y., president and treasurer; Hon Petersdorf of Kew Cardens. vice. president and assistant secreta Frank T. Healey of Waterbury, aec- retary.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1942-09-04
BURRALL PRESENTS
 GIRLS CERTIFICATES

Certificates for completion of the Red Cross nurses aid course will be presented to 20 candidates tonight at exercises at St. Mary's hospital Sister Mary Visitation was instruc- tor for the course. Major John M. Burrall, chairman of the local Red Cross chapter will present certifi- cates. Mrs. Howard Hart is chair man of the nurses aid service.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1942-09-04

Chorus will aing several numbers. Monday morning there win be an open forum conducted by the Rev. Richard Pearson of West Haven. when the topic will be ''The Church and the Present Emergency. The sports meet will be held Monday afternoon and the convention will close with Q rally Monday evening.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1942-09-04

Today the International Union of Mine, Mill and Shelter Workers filed Q petition for an election among the gatemen, watchmen and guards at the Chase Metal Works plant, Chase Rolling Mil plant and the Waterbury Manufacturing Divi- sion of the Chase Brass and Copper Company. This Is in line with the
The Waterbury Democrat., 1942-09-04
Union Petitions For MetaIW Works Election
Chase Co. COntesting Matter Before NRLB; l6S al
 Blake and Johnson Eligible to Vote Today

policy of the International Union of Mine, Mill and Shelter Workers to organize all classifications of em- ployes in the brass plants in Con- necticut.
 The union holds the watchmen, gatemen and guards are aS much entitled to union working condi- tions, union wages and union job
The Waterbury Democrat., 1942-09-04
WAY TO TELL

Fools gold" or iron pyrites car be distinguished from real gold by heating. It gives off the 0dcr of sulphur when thus treated.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1942-09-04
LUTHER LEAGUE FARLEY SUNDAY
Zion Lutheran Church to Send Delegations to New
 Haven Convention

Rev. Carl Madison of South Bend Ind, will be the guest speaker al the Labor day week end convention of the Hartford District Luther have been won by substantial ma iorities.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1942-09-04

Cleaning porcelain enamel complete with genuine Lynn burners. heat indicator and special Bengal" Lightning Control that changes from one fuel to the other in q jiffy. streamlined modern styling.
Detroit evening times., 1942-12-19

XyTtIIIE WALLAU WAS being led away at the
w Westhofen Concentration Camp, George was
walking on and on the soes of his feet burning and
bqered lie must not detach himself from the crowds in
tbe street he must not sit down anywhere Wandering
amleSsv I've found himself standing on SIDE street on
Sb,ler>traSse Suddenly he recalled Belons suggestion
th,t he contact Madame MaIell Beonl and the woman
had been acrobats together in the old DAYS. =
George made his way the fiat BellonI had spoken oi'
ard ths door Vas opened b4 agHdieeA eld woman