Evening star., 1942-08-23


The scheme as a unified whole. The
formal pool should have a definite
relationship to the plan-and 1t
should be rectangular, square, round
or oval. In the informal garden
the pool will be made to nestle into
a low-lying corner as though 1t be-
ionred there instead of in the mid
die OF the lawn as though it were
an afterthought.
Waterfalls and streams are more
difficult to create, but where one has
them naturally. they offer great and
interesting possibilities for creating
unusual garden pictures. While
streams are often found In the
sunny meadow. waterfalls are usual
" associated with woods and rocks
whether natural or artificial they
provide an appropriate setting for
many water-loving plants, and the
sound of the water is music that Is
pleasant to the ear.
Formal pools are those used IN
connection with formal garden de-
sign. They should be part OF the
plan and have a definite relation
ship to the design axis. For this
reason they should have definite
edges or margins. preferably OF brick
or concrete. Fountains and statu-
ary are often used in connection
with the formal pool. Lilies may be
grown In the sunny formal pool, but
other aquatic plants do not lend
themselves to such a garden.
Informal pools are those having
q naturahstic appearance, hence
they should be located at the foot OF
a slope or in front of shrubbery
BACKGROUND. Their edges should be
as inconspicuous as possible ana
are often used at the margin TO
help achieve this affect. Informal
pools, if in the sun, may be used Tor
lilies, for fish, or for foliage plants
They are generally irregular IN
shape. although this is not aoso-
lutely necessary where shrubs and
s,lants are used to hide the outline
Lily pools differ from the above
only in their depth-2 to 2a teet'
and they must have sun a large
part Of the day. If lilies are to be
left in the pool over winter re-ln-
forced construction Is necessary.
Lilies do not thrive and flower un-
less the water is quiet and compare
lively warm, hence they require flsh
to control mosquitoes, and oxygenat-
ing plants for the good OF the 1lsh.
Fish pools, when used only as
such are seldom as deep as lily
pools. They do not need to be IN
full sun, but require oxygenatlng
plants. The pool may have a toun-
tain or running water.
Wading pools are usually built IN
connection with the play yard and
30 are built rather shallow-l2 TO
18 inches deep. They need provision
for drainage and filling If the water
Is to oe kept clean and sanitary.
Rejecting pools are not often em--
ployed in the small backyard gar
den although they differ from the
above only in their depth and alb
sence of plants. and thus could be
80 used if desired. However, most
Of us having room for only one pool
prefer to have the flowers and f1sh
instead Of an expanse OF clear water.
Wall fountains are not often used
In American gardens although they
have their place in the tiny formal
garden where other forms OF water
gardening are more or less difficult:
Usually they consist OF a bit OF
sculpture built into brick wall with
a small flowing stream falling into
a tiny catch basin. Wall fountains
should be at one end of the design
axis-the focal point Of attention.
Where one uses brick wall the
fountain should be installed during
the building and provision should
be made for drainage and overflow.
It need not be expensive, although
the sculpture is usually the determ-
lining item of cost.
A combination Of fountain and
bird bath is sometimes used In the
informal garden. The stream OF
water should be small and provision
for overflow and drainage are i'm
portant construction items.
Streams and brooks are some
times used in the wildfower garden
although they need not be neces-
sarily limited to such types OF gar
den design. Usually the city back.
yard is too small to attempt them
Where nature has already pro-
vided a stream or spring they may
be used in many ways. Many kinds
Of plants are adapted to use along
the banks. and water lilies may bt
grown in them, in bays where th'
water Is quiet. Most brooks ant
streams in this area are subject II
overflow during periods of heav,
rainfall, and this should be taker
into consideration in the planning
and construction. Artificial streams
flowing out of rocks and down {
carefully constructed ch a n n e
through beds OF wildf1owers is de
sign frequently pictured at the BIZ
flower shows and in garden books
but most gardeners find the cost o
construction and upkeep prohibitiv
ana 30 COllllllC ClAC41 oSeiNAVASo "
pools.
However, where such design j
desired the main thing is to max
the water tight channel appear a
naturalistic as possible. Ferns an
other shade-loving plants may b
employed to carry out this pictur
In a shady situation. An electri
pump to return the water from tn
outlet to the inlet may be use
where the cost Of electricity is les
than the cost of the water.
In constructing pools it is well t
build them Of good materials and t
provide for drainage and filling
While most Of OUR winters are nc
severe, we do have an occasions
severe freeze that can destroy
carelessly built pool. Reinforcin
is recommended. Even in a rein
forced pool the sides should be give
sufncient slope to relieve the ic
pressure. Informal pools are or
dinarily built with the walls slop
Ing at a As degree angle, Will
formal pools and wading poo
should be sloped at least l inc
in IL inches.
Drain pipes and overflow pipes ar
IL %