davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1942-11-27

Blackwell-is the director of female
personnel at Western Union.
Beyond that, the facts in the case
are slightly blurred.
Asked why Western Union wanted
120-pound brunettes, Mrs. Blackwell
said
Il can't tell you"
From this point on, the interview
really got difficult.
Il can tell you in a week." she
said, maybe Monday. Then I'll let
you take pictures Of it."
Asked if she could elaborate ON
at" she said:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1942-11-27
REMEMBERS:

Bonds or bondage-was there ever
an easier choice? Get yours now.
Evening star., 1942-08-09

one member who was not member Of
the league.
1T was half-past II o'clock before
the meeting of the board of government
was ended. Meanwhile, the wheelmen
were assembling in the hall. When the
president, DR.. Beckwith, appeared on
the platform he was greeted with great
applause and all kinds Of club calls.
When President Beckwith called the
meeting to order he announced that the
board OF officers had had very har-
monious and satisfactory meeting
Beginning of the Bike Fad.
The younger generation Of people who
have come into existence in the past two
or three decades know substantially
nothing of the enthusiasm associated
with the life of the bicycle and tricycle.
from about 1889 to 1900, when the auto
mobile began to take its place. Many
of the most prominent people took up the
sport, beginning with the high wheel
and finishing with the safety.
Thirteen years ago 80 Of these vet
Grams Of the wheel. early members Of
Evening star., 1942-08-09

gentry-a trader. At an early age Will
liams was converted to Puritanism. His
faith was shaped by the literature of
Puritanism and from the recently trans
lated King James version of the Bible.
To prepare for the ministry, Roger
williams went to Cambridge. BY the
time he had finished at Cambridge, the
reactionary party in the Church Of Eng
land-in last desperate fight for its
Of Bishop Laud. Laud noted with glar-
ing disapproval young williams liberal,
on-conforming ideas and promptly saw
to it that the roads to his ecclesiastical
employment were blocked. He served,
for short time, as chaplain in the home
Of a wealthy Puritan trader. But Laud
threatened him even there. So Williams
and his wife fed to what he believed
were the greater freedoms OF the new
world.
Offered Boston Pulpit.
He arrived when the pulpit in Boston
was vacant and williams was invited to
accept 1t. AS precautionary measure
he called the lay leaders of the church
into session. There is no record OF
what went on at that meeting. What
Williams evidently found out was that
this church was an important part OF
the church-state axis which was running
the Colony. 1t was to escape from that
kind of RECOMMENDATION that he had left
England. He promptly told the brethren
that he would have none OF them or
their job. His refusal caused major
scandal and no little uneasiness in the
upper reaches of authority.
Soon thereafter he left Boston and
went to Salem; the church there was
much smaller. But the people we're
farther removed from the seat of the
governing theocracy. AS result, the
Salem air was more conducive to
freedom of conscience.
But all was far from smooth going in
Salem. Ambitious clergymen of the
community proposed regular meetings to
discuss and agree upon matters OF
morals, religion and, not incidentally,
OF government. Presently Williams was
In another controversy. He openly op-
posed such sessions, because he was
convinced that another church-state
dictatorship was in the making.
Salem or at least its ruling conser-
vatives, did not like this show of in
dependence. Whereupon, Williams was
forced to retreat again-this time to
Plymouth
Plymouth-the first Bay settlement
appears to have kept alive more of the
spirit of the Mayflower Compact than
any other community in the Bay Colony.
Gov. William Bradford and Elder Brews-
ter were it's two leading citizens Boston's
icy influence hardly reached it.
Moreover, In Plymouth, "Williams--
although he preached on Sundays-en-
Evening star., 1942-08-09

statement, saying that their reason for
30 doing was that the club does not
consider 1t advisable that It's members
should be under the control Of another
organization, which recent events have
shown to be practically the case
"At a caucus of officers and leading
members Of the league last evening this
matter was considered, and it was
thought harmony would prevail. Rev.
L. H. Schneider of this city, one of the
members of the board of government,
said to Star reporter this morning:
we have been treading on a volcano
which threatened an eruption, but
think now that the fires have been
dampened,' Another prominent men,
Der of the league said that the majority
of the members of the league would
stand by the organization till the last,
and any motion to dissolve would be
made ridiculous by the unaninity with
which it would be voted down. The Citi-
zens' Club, he said, withdraws as a club,
but its members as individuals were still
members OF the league. AS club 1t
could not hold its membership, as it had
Evening star., 1942-08-09

the Capital Bicycle Club, met around
the festive board at the Cosmos Club
and talked of hill climbing century runs
and H s. Owens famous birthday rum"
in the days Of the high wheel when the
route led through alleys and over all
kinds of rough roads-when many would
start and few would finish, and those
who did would usually wind up at Me-
ridian Hill after climbing the steep
grade to the standpipe.
Among those who attended this BAN
quet in 1929 and whose names no doubt
will be familiar today, were W. Spencer
Armstrong, A. Barry Bacon, Clarence M.
Barrick, j. Allen Boteler, Walter E. Bur-
leigh, Edward N. Burns, Appleton P.
Clark, jr.: Herman J. Clark, Myer Co.
hen, Benjamin F. Cole, Wallace F. Cross
man, William W. Dodge. Abner F. Dun
nington, George E. Fleming, De Lancey
w. Gill, Herbert A. Gill, A. P. Greeley,
James H. Harper, DR.. Lee Harlan, AL
fred J. Henry, DR.. Garnett L. Hills. DR..
J. Bartlett Hills. DR.. Leland o. Howard,
Robert C.. Howard, c. B. Hunt, Thomas
]. Johnston, Robert " La Dow, jr.;
Samuel E. Lewis, John T. Loomis, Gideon
Evening star., 1942-08-09

Roger williams was given six weeks
later little extended-in which to get
out of the Bay Colony
That was in the spring of 1886. The
first place in the peripheral wilderness
which the exiled Williams selected was
too close to Plymouth for comfort. Its
governors-suddenly fearful lest they
give offense to Boston-asked him to
move on. With his wife and An infant.
whom they had christened "Freeborne,"
he moved.
The place he chose--across the bay
he named Providence. There, on land
given him by friendly Narragansett
chief he and Ave young men who chose
to share his exile cleared the wilderness,
planted crop. built house and began
to lay the foundations for an authentic
American Commonwealth.
1t was Commonwealth hewn-not
only from the forests-but, more inn
portantly, from Williams own mind Into
1t went the freedoms which he had
fervently preached. 1t was state built
In the likeness of the America that was
to be.
Providence and the settlement that
grew around it became Promised Land
for dissenters. Anne Hutchinson-like.
wise banished from Massachusetts,
found refuge there So did many nom
conforming Baptists. The law Of the
settlement-lenient as 1t was In the mat
ter of conscience-was stringent in the
matter of diligence. AS result of this
industry and of Williams shrewd bar
gaining with the Dutch and his friendly
relations with the Indians, the colony
prospered. Massachusetts, eyed its pros
perity with considerable envy. williams
however, forestalled any move from that
direction by going to England and secur.
ing from the King q charter for his
colony.
But even in this colony Roger Williams
never found the going was easy. That
was because he never failed to Under
stand that the New World--vast as It
was-was too small to house both Free
dom and Totalitarianism. Eventually it
would have to be all one or all the other.
Williams fought for freedom among
the weak-willed, the appeasers, and the
ambitious saboteurs among his own coll
onists. He continued to fight for Il
against the Massachusetts axis. When A
wave Of persecution was unloosed there,
he risked his life and the security OF
his colony to oppose it.
The chronicle of many of his actiyi.
ties is entered in the town record Of
Providence. His death is recorded in the
Spring of 1883. At the end of that pare
some one has written: THE Venerah,.
Remains Of Mr.. Roger Williams the
Father of Providence, the Founder Of thu M
Colony and of Liberty of Conscience y
Some one now might add: "And one ~
those first Americans with whose Vision
OF America the Americans Of le41 are
keeping faith"
Evening star., 1942-08-09

A. Lyon, Arthur S. Mattingly, William P.
Mayfeld, A. S. Mccoy, William s. Min
nix, S. Preston Moses, jr. Ballard N.
Norris, Frank H. Pelouze, Jesse D. Pro-
sise, George F. Ruoff, John T. Schaaff,
William E. Schoenborn. William T..
Stockett, Henry A. Willard. I'd; John L.
Writ and DR.. William D. Writ.
Max Hansman was the only charter
member present, the Owen brothers,
Herbert S. and Frederick D., then being
in Florida for the latters health. Fred
erick has since passed away, as have
others here mentioned.
There We're many prominent and dis
tinguished people who rode the bicycle
in the early days. The writer recalls in
addition to those mentioned, Charles D.
Walcott, later secretary of the Smith
sonian Institution; B. H. Warner, Com
missioner Truesdell, Assistant Secretary
of State Adee, the late Rudolph Kauff-
mann OF The Star and an indefinite
number OF others equally as important.
At the meeting Of the league here In
1884, the parade at night was q glorious
success, as were the races at Athletic
Park, Ninth and s streets NV, and the
Evening star., 1942-08-09

regulations, which, however would be
quite useless under our present condi-
tions. For instance, we are told:
"It shall not be lawful for any one
person to have charge of or drive more
than one such cart, wagon, or dray at
the same time; and no person under IL
years of age shall be permitted to drive
a wagon cart, or dray licensed by this
corporation, and the driver of any cart,
wagon. or dray while the same shall be
in motion, shall keep to the right; when
unloaded,- and in motion. he shall have
the reins in his hands: shall not engage
in racing with another cart, wagon, or
dray or drive faster than a moderate
trot. And If any person shall offend
against the provision of this section
such person, or the owner or agent of
such cart, wagon. or dray, shall forfeit
and pay a sum not exceeding five nor
less than two dollars for each offense"
AS to horses the principal things
Webb cautions us against Is to prevent
the animal from chewing up the trees
and to keep him off the sidewalk and
not to treat him cruelty. Along th-j
line the law says:
eff any person shall tie or in any
Evening star., 1942-08-09

The colonists possessing guns and gum
powder, took lands from the Indians
without troubling to pay for them. Will
hams stood up in meeting and con-
demned the practice and those who
practiced 1t. The grant from the King
to colonize. said Williams. did not in
clude the right to steal from the natives.
Soon after that blast williams loosed
another This concerned the oath Of
allegiance. To make its dictatorship
more secure, the General Court had de-
creed that all freemen swear allegiance
to and unreserved acceptance Of the
dictates of that ruling body. Williams
insisted that mems oaths be reserved for
religious matters and that the rulings Of
the General Court be subjected to the
same critical scrutiny as any other man.
made, and therefore fallible, instruments.
He kept pounding away against the
effort to pour the free wills and con-
sciences Of the people into q mould
prepared by the authorities.
Opposed Church Monopoly.
The law required that all magistrates
be church members williams insisted
that the officials should bend their efforts
toward getting good magistrates. civil
places Of trust and credit" he said, "need
not be monopolized into the hands Of
church members (who sometimes are not
fitted for them) and all others deprived
and despoiled Of their natural and civil
rights and liberties" That was a bomb
at the base Of one of the biggest pillars
of the status quo.
Moreover, said he, the civil authority
has no right to take over the conscience
of the people. On the contrary-and
here the American pattern again appears
the state should give free and abso-
lutte permission of conscience to all men
in what Is merely spiritual and
provide for the liberty of the magistrates
conscience also" That was more than
100 years before the Bill of Rights!
He hated totalitarianism and all its
works. Prosecutors of mems bodies
seldom or never do these mems souls
good. - That body killing, soul-killing
and state-killing doctrine Of not permit
ting but prosecuting all other con-
sciences and ways Of worship" except
their own is ito pluck up the roots and
foundation Of all common society in the
world, to turn the garden of paradise Of
the church and saints into field Of the
civil state Of the world = to blow out
the candle or light and to make noise
in the dark with sound and cry of a
guilty land, guilty state"
That was more than the dctators
could put up with. The whole country of
America, Cotton Mather wrote, is "likely
to be set on fire by the rapid motion Of a
windmill In the head of one particular
man." The man-the General Court de-
cided-would have to be got rid Of.
Evening star., 1942-08-09

around Washington were included in its
runs, but the tricycle. very seldom VEN
tured very far away from home because
it required about 20 per cent more power
to operate it than it did to ride the biz
cycle.
Upon one occasion, back In the 90s,
when one of the women's clubs was form
ing in the street for run, an unusually
observing Star reporter, who was present,
inquired OF one of the lady riders: What
kind of costume do you think woman
cyclist should wear?" She replied by
saying:
"Well, I wear a skirt little longer
than an ordinary skirt. Some ladies,
however, prefer short skirts"
"No,' said the lady, anticipating the
next question. "the ladies do not wear
any starched underclothing, though
some ladies insist on riding In light
checkered gingham dresses because they
think it will be COOL However, before one
particular run was over the dresses were
spotted and soied. There are ladies who
do not like to leave off all superf1uous
clothing for. you know, it shows how
slender they are. One lady insisted on
going out the first time she rode with
her hustle on. OF course, when the run
was over the hustle was all out Of shape
and out of place, and she had to hurry
into the house to fix it before she could
appear on the street" s- .. .@r-
Admitting that the bicycle riding cos
tune for women, in the early bicycle
days, was too heavy and uncomfortable.
yet it can also be said that 1t was not as
questionable as some of the scant Co.'S
tunes we can now see most any day in
Potomac Park and at other places where
numbers of lady bicyclists may be seen.
Indeed, it seems the pendulum has swung
too far the other way.
Evening star., 1942-08-09

manner fasten any horse, mule or other
animal to any Of the trees, boxes, or
other protection thereof, or any of the
public grounds belonging to the United
States in the City of Washington, or
shall drive or lead any horse, mule, or
other animal or any cart, wagon, or
other carriage whatever, on any OF the
paved or graveled footways now made
or which may hereafter be made in and
on any of the aforesaid public grounds,
or shall ride thereon, except at the in
and every such offender shall forfeit
and pay for each offense a sum not less
than one nor more than five dollars, to
be recovered and applied as hereinafter
provided.
"It shall not be lawful for any person
or persons to cruelty beat or wantonly
abuse any animal of the horse kind, or
to cut wound, stab, or otherwise injure
any horse or animal of the horse kind,
under penalty of not less than three
dollars for each and every such offense."
Compare these sections, if you will,
with the voluminous traffic regulations
of today-which probably no one knows
perfectly, and some Of which everybody
breaks-and you will see the crude state
the traffic laws were in prior to the in
PRODUCTION of the bike" and the be-
ginning of the LAW.
The LAW in Washington.
Like many other organizations, the
LAW mad it's minor troubles and diff
ferences when it first started out.
and when in May, 1884. it met here
in Washington at the old Ford's Opera
House at Louisiana avenue, Ninth and
c streets now the site of the Depart
ment of Justice Building, fear was ex-
pressed that it might 60 on the rocks.
But this thought was dispelled when the
president Dr. Beckwith took the chair.
as will be seen by the statement made
by The Star at the time, which said:
Unusual interest attaches to the
meeting of the league on account Of the
reported dissatisfaction of some of the
members and intention on their part to
move to dissolve the league. These re-
ports arose out of the withdrawal from
the league of the Citizens Club OF New
York on the 18th instant. The Citi-
zens' Club in withdrawing made q
Evening star., 1942-08-09
By Stanley High.

The totalitarianisms which Americans
have fought against have not always been
military and external. They have been
political, economic, social and religious.
Some of the worst OF them have been
the handiwork of Americans. Whatever
the category or the source, there never
has been totalitarian threat to Ameri-
ca which did not meet an authentic
American challenge. What we have Of
civilization in the United States is chiefly
a consequence of the success we have had
in those encounters
One of the first Of them was In mid
18th century Massachusetts,. The axis
which ran Massachusetts, at that time
had the church at one-the upper-end
Of 1t and the State at the other. This
alliance was busily turning the Bay Colo
nv into q f1rst-rate New World dictator
ship. The civil magistrates enforced the
preachers moral and ecclesiastical laws,
and the preachers, in their turn, made
support for the civil authority one of
the first of their religious tenets. Be-
tween that upper and neither pressure.
freedom of conscience-in either re-
ligious or civil matters-was suppressed.
On February S, 1881, the ship Lyon,
with 20 colonists and 200 tons Of goods.
dropped anchor of Nantasket. To cele-
brate the event, the General Court pro-
claimed a day of Thanksgiving.
Most honored of the arrivals on that
occasion were Roger Williams--a preach
er-and his wife, Mary. In those days
the church was the most important
social institution and the only commu-
nifty center. Religion, at least for the
respectable and ruling majority, was the
only diversion-albeit an exceedingly
dour and excessively theological one.
Aneered the Authorities.
The Colony's dictators should have
known what manner Of man they were
honoring when they honored Roger Will
iams. He came because he had run
afoul of the authorities in England.
Being stiff-necked, unrepentant and un-
silenced, England was made too hot for
him. So before long was Massachusetts,.
But though he lost good many bat
ties and frequently had to retreat, Will
liams won the war. 1t is in considerable
part to preserve the fruit of his victory in
that war that the United States Is now
engaged in this one.
Roger williams father was q prosper
oss member Of London's middle-bracket
Evening star., 1942-08-09

come here at any time to celebrate an
event"
He also spoke OF the presence Of so
many lady cyclists, whose graceful
movements" he said, were to be ad-
mired" He referred to the first lady
who rode on wheels and said: '"She was
none other than our esteemed sister-in-
law She afterward became candidate
for the presidency and she got four
votes-referring to Mrs. Belva A. Lock-
wood.
Mrs. Lockwood's Tricycle..
Mrs Lockwood, it will be recalled, rode
a tricycle., at least from the first-and
quite likely was the first woman in
Washington to ride this kind of ma
chine.
The next woman after Mrs. Lockwood
to ride tricycle. was, perhaps, Mrs. B.
w. Hanna, wife of B. w. Hanna of the
Capital Club; then followed Mrs. E. P.
Hanna, Mrs. w. c. Scribner and Mrs. D.
e. Fox.
So popular was the tricycle. at one time
that on July Is, 1884, club was formed
known as the Potomac Tricycle. Club.
From the first there were but nine mem
bers, three of whom were ladies. In two
months time, however, this number had
increased to 80 and at one time 1t was
quite an organization, having as its first
president A. A. Adee, then and for many
years Assistant Secretary of State; Rev.
L. H. Schneider. pastor of Concordia
Lutheran Church, vice president; An
drew johnson, secretary, and w. c..
Scribner, captain.
Like all the cycle organizations, regu-
lar runs were scheduled, and this club
set the hour Of 7 o'clock in the evening
as that hour seemed to be the most con-
venient one to most Of the members.
Cabin John Bridge, Tennallytown, Ia
koma Park and other nearby places
Evening star., 1942-08-09
Copyright by Yale University Press.

Copyright by Yale University Press.
tered into sizable trade with the Indi-
ans during the week and prospered. He
spent much time with the Indians and
learned their language.
He did so we'll and made such a name
for himself that he was invited back to
a church in Salem. He went. But the
authorities soon realized that they had
q fight on their hands.
Williams was powerful speaker. He
was learned in English law and litera-
ture as we'll as in matters of theology.
Moreover the liberalizing tides that were
running in England had begun to wash
against the shores of the New World.
The common people were increasingly
resentful of the RECOMMENDATION to which
they were subjected Williams, therefore,
soon had a following.
What he preached were principles
which-written into our laws and prac-
tices-have long since become taken-for-
granted American doctrine. It had theo-
logical, political and economic meaning.
Evening star., 1942-08-09
THERE WERE GIANTS IN
THOSE DAYS."

This is the 23d of q series of articles
about men and women who worked, fought
and died that America might live men and
women who made America great Dy con-
which was founded and has endured on the
principles Of life, liberty and the pursuit OF
happiness as the right Of every man. The
cath article in the series will appear next
Sunday.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1942-07-02
SANG RUN

Mr.. and Mrs. Alvin Rodeheaver, of
Accident, spent Sunday with the lat
ter's parents, Mr.. and Mrs. V. C.
Friend.
Mr.. and Mrs. William R. Savage
and DAUGHTER Juanita, Hopwood, Pa,
are visiting relatives here.
Hosea Rodeheaver, Mountain Dale,
West Va; Mrs. Paul Naylor, Oakland;
Mr., and Mrs. E. S. Custer, Friends
vile, and son Harry, Akron, visited
Mr. and Mrs. J. Alvin Friend the past
week.
Mr.. and Mrs. Samuel Thomas, Jr.,
Gormania, West Va, spent Sunday
with Mr.. and Mrs. S. J. Thomas.
Guests at the home of Mr.. and Mrs.
j. Frank Browning recently were Mr..
and Mrs. Irwin G. Bowman, Peters
burg, West Va; Mr. and Mrs. A. Lee
Williams, Keyser; Mrs. c. P. Evans,
Con Browning, Elizabeth Catucci, all
of Washington; Mr.. and Mrs. Charles
Paugh, Vindex; NJ E. Williams, Cor
mania; Mrs. G. NJ. Browning. Oak
land, and Mr.. and Mrs. Charles w.
Gosnell, Washington.
Mr.. and Mrs. Sherman G. Savage
and Orville Savage are visiting Mr..
and Mrs. Owen Friend, Cambridge
Springs, Pa.
William Frazee, of near Friends
vile, spent one day last week visit
ing his son-in-law and daughter, Mr.
and Mrs. Hobart L. Rodeheaver.
Lloyd Dewitt, near Friendsville,
visited friends here recently.
Mr. and Mrs Milton R. Savage and
members of their family spent Sun
day with Mrs. Savage's mother, Mrs.
Asa Dixon, Accident
Mr. and Mrs. Arnold Ray and Mrs.
Clarence Savage, Hopwood, were Wis
iting at the home of Mr.. and Mrs.
Joseph Dewitt on Sunday
Corporal Albert Friend, Aberdeen
Proving Grounds, spent the weekend
here with relatives and friends.