davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Nome nugget., 1942-01-19
WATER
 DELIVERY
SPRING WATER Always At Yonr Service Phone Black A

Ls fi1ished We should know what rac;a' connection exists between the historic E.h:mo and these first arctic pioneres. If we find that the Esk mos are distant rel a'ives of the Ipiutak people and not distinct race, we shall have gone far n answering that long standing puzzle as to who the ESk nos are and where they came from.
The Nome nugget., 1942-01-19
THE SEASON AT IPIUTAk
By FROELlCH RAINEY Reprinted from Farthest-North Collegan

tempted to invade the barren Arctic coast would need a com plex material culture, and no one with a primitive culture like tha; of the Alaskan Indians could hopa 10 survive in that waste
 and.
The Nome nugget., 1942-01-19
800 Skeletons Exhumed

All Point Hope $ 6 cemetery. Tn some places there is bargly room to make new grave.
 Groups and types of graves mark epochs iA the history of settle meAt on that point and after careful study of the position, type, and age We are now able to c5rrelate collections of skeletons with several time periods extend ing from the earliest, Ipiutak, times to the present. This past summer our Eskimo crew of Civ Han Conservation Corps workers eXcavated over 50J skeletons from these different periods. Far from being superstitious or in
 any way hesitant about exhum- ing the remains of some people WAo were actually their fore bearers, they did the work with very real interest and most became ski'ed at their task. This collection of skeletons, one of the largest ever made at one site, has been shipped to pr. Harry Snap fro a: the American Museum in New York where, during the next two years, he will complete the tedious task of comparative study and correlation. When this
The Nome nugget., 1942-01-19
Ipiutak Culture Pre-Eskimo

The ancestors of our Eskimo workmen, wh'o settled the arctic shore probably before the Latins founded Rome, have left scores of ruined sod houses and many thousands of graves, represent ag centuries of constant ,oeeupa- ton, but thosc people were not the pioneers. Long before them, another people found tha. they could make a harvest of seals and Walrus there where migrat- ing sea mammals must pass in n9rthWard and southward move ments. Those real arctc pioneers, whom we have come to call Ipiu tagmiu' Gp!u.ak-people) after place name in the vicinity of their ruined town, lived along the north shore of the Point Hope bar only a short distance north of the present Eskimo v.l- lage of Tigara, but the living Els klmos were unaware of this an cient ruined settlement until our discovery in 1889.
The Nome nugget., 1942-01-19

That curious gravel bar al Pt. Hope, where the T.gara EslziInos have lived for so many centuries now looks like a No-man's Land after heavy barrage. For three consecutive summers we, and most of the Tigara men, who were working for us, have been digging out endless house ruins and graves reaching from the tip of the bar to its base nearly five miles eastward, and from the air the excavations resemble count less shell craters blown out of a broad green field.
The Nome nugget., 1942-01-19
Oriental Origin Likely

Art motifs of the lplutak peo- pie suggest an origin in the Or tent and part of our research with the collections will be 10 trace these connections. But there is another and equally inn portant side to the research. Are the historic Eskimos actually d s tant descendants of the race who lived at Ipiutak, or are they de- scendants of later immigrants 10 Arctic America? There are at least two methods by which we can answer this question. 1mple- mcnts made by historic EskimOs in Alaska, Canada, and Green and during a per od of perhaps 2,000 years have been excaVated from many ruined villages in the Arctic, and by comparing these with our collections from Ipiutak we can determine. in part, the degree of relationship and the trends of development. But immigrants often adopt in whole or in part the material culture of an earlier people al- ready settled in the new region, so that a continuity of the cul- ture does not always prove a con tinu.ty of race. Fortunately for the archaeologist, people leave not only their implements but their skeletons as a record of the past, and from these skele- tons We can piece together the racial as well as the cultural his tory.
The Nome nugget., 1942-01-19
Advanced Barbaric Culture

The elaborate ivory carvings and the strange but beautifully .rade implements found in the ruins are not those of a prim- tive people with an advanced barbaric culture such as was de- veloped in eastern Asia in pre- Christian times. Consequently we lok to the early civilization of eastern Asia for an explanation of this ancient culture of the American Arctic. Perhaps some eastern Asiatics who learned to hunt sea mammals about the mouth of the Amur River in
 Siberia, or on the Kurile Islands, moved northWard following the yearly migration of the sea mann mals to found this earliest known settlement in Arctic America. Certainly any people who at
Evening star., 1942-02-23
1~eA haa

Boys and Girls, Read The Junior Star Every Sunday
Evening star., 1942-02-23

From time to time there lives on
earth 4 man Of fine and noble
nature, and he sends . light down
the course Of history.
Such q man was Socrates.
Twenty.four hundred years ago,
he was q boy II or II years Of age.
Our records do not tell us just
how he spent his time, except that
he 10 known to have gone to .
school where he studied reading,
writing. geometry and astronomy.
There Is much truth In the old
saying, "The child Is father to the
man." II We use that as . guide,
we may think Of this boy In Athens,
Greece, as . pupil who did more
than learn his lessons. No doubt he
asked many questions, and tried
to find out things which his teach
ers could not explain.
In his young manhood 1t Is be-
Heved that Socrates followed the
profession Of q sculptor. His father,
before him, had been Z sculptor.
Five and . half centuries after
socrates died, . Roman writer re-
ported, "At Athens I saw . statue
Of the Graees which was made by
Socrates"
Yet the life Of this Greek was not
to be given to the cutting Of marble
ID produce things Of beauty. His
work was to be for mankind-to
hnd beauty and truth in the human
mind.
Evening star., 1942-02-23
Contract
Nv THE rOUR ACES,

by THE FOUR ACES.
David Bruce Burnstens. Msrwin D.
Naler, OeWald Jaco6y and Reward
Sehenken. worlds LEADING team.of.
four. inventors Of the system that
existenee)
Evening star., 1942-02-23
Nc RAYS CORNER Taught Pupils by Asking Questions

plain clothing, and usually went
barefooted ct any season Of the
year. Winters In Athens are not
very cold, but It was the custom TO
wear sandals or other footteAr.
The young men who tathertd
around Socrates did not worry about
his appearance. They looked up Il
him as their master, Is . man with
a great brain. Among his pupils
was Plato, the famous writer. An.
other was Xenophon, who became
. noted general.
We are told that Xantippe, the
woman Socrates married, had
sharp temper. This may have been
the case, but 1t Is likely that Socrates
kept his mind calm In his own
household, instead Of growing angry
Perhaps his simple questions made
xantippe see where she vas wrong
Fer sissrsshy section ss ysur scrap.
Sights in Strange India" h
the title Of . new picture leadst
II contains 10 pictures by frank
C. Pape and several hundred
words Of text BY Uncle Ray.
To obtain . copy Ssnd . scent
stamped. self-addressed envelope
to Uncle Ray IN care u The
Evening Star.
G a f2A
Evening star., 1942-02-23
Take Word for 1t
BY FRANK COLBY.
Names in the News

The Peninsular province of BA-
TAAN, scene of the valiant stand
Of Gen. MacArthur's Philippine
forces, should not be confused with
BATAN, an island OF the east coast
Of Luzon Nor should either name
be pronounced "buh-TAN" or "buh-
TAIN"
Bataan has three syllables: Ba-
tan has two. The "a's" should have
the pure sound of "ah'' as in father
The correct pronunciations are:
BataAn: bah-tah-AHN.
Batan: bah-TAHN.
Note: See tomorrow's column for a
discussion Of the origin and correct
pronunciation of the word PENN
SULA.
Evening star., 1942-02-23
Let's Learn q New Word

Congress has invested the Presi-
dent with PLENARY powers.
News item.
As the American war effort pro.
gresses, 1t Is likely that we shall be-
come better acquainted with the
word plenary as more and more
powers are granted the Chief Exec
utive. The word (from the Latin
plenus, "full'D means, absolute
Evening star., 1942-02-23

Do you sing or play? II -,
you'll want my new MUSIC
Pamphlet that gives the correct
pronunciat ton Of scores Of i'm
portant musical terms, names Of
operas, musical compositions, and
famous composers. Authentic and
highly instructive. Ask for your
free copy today. Send . stamped
(3-cent), self addressed envelope
to Frank Colby, In care Of The
Evening star., 1942-02-23

Evening Star. Ak for MUSIC
Pamphlet, Please make sure your
return envelope beaxs . scent
stamp.
CReleased By the Dell Syndicate, Ine.)
Evening star., 1942-02-23
SPUNKIE

SPHytE NO ReD ARE PaeseM At
NE AaNAt q TpAA6 Nj TINKER
A AETREp AMERicAN MENTOR.
M4oM TIE lAo AA6 SEEN BEFORE.
NOW SpUsuE IS M6ueLy pis.
rNoeo ~ soME1nN6 N TIE
MAsts APPEAaAA>cE, ~ TINKER
= LEFT ALONE ~ A 6uAeoep
UlpHl6 WITH 4 SEcnET NEARQ
UoW 70 De TESTED.
MeAflv9alE, The LITTLE UeS
SEA. 6oRt eENEfAcrOA HAS
o6fN IDENTIFIED H Mck AAck>
ARoAMgR nAMoto HM)c6lea!
Evening star., 1942-02-23
Answer to Yesterdays Puzzle

e. #38| ! "A
Evening star., 1942-02-23

He became . teacher, and .
strange kind of teacher. His way
was to ask questions, not to tell
people what was 20. BY his ques-
tions, he brought out things which
his pupils knew, or thought they
knew.
Quite often . pupil found he
could not prove the truth of things
he always had believed. His IN.
swers to certain quesdons did not
At with some Of his other answers.
Socrates was strong and muscular,
but not at all handsome" He wore
Evening star., 1942-02-23
Standing Pat

One Of the characteristics Of the
experts style Of bidding y that he
doesn't cry before he is hurt. The
expert gets his share Of problem
hands to bid. and he has to make
some decisions which are as much
guesswork Is skill. But he doesn't
jump out Of the frying pan into the
fire. He has the courage to stay In
the frying pan until somebody
pushes him out.
That sort Of courage enabled
North to stand fast in today's hand,
and netted him the rubber game.
North dealer.
Both sides vulnerable.
East-West 90 part-score.
Evening star., 1942-02-23


Pass Pass
The play was simple enough. for
South had nucleus Of six diamond
tricks and could easily develop
three more before the enemy could
take five tricks. The interesting fea-
ture Of the hand is North's bidding.
Many players would hesitate to
open the bidding with only the
minor suits and only an ace and q
queen aside from the blank kings.
Having opened the bidding with a
doubtful hand, many players would
be reluctant to allow three no-trump
to stand aS the final contract.
"why," they would ask themselves,
should let my partner play no
trump when I have two singletons?
This hand is bound to play better at
Q suit" j
North didn't expect his partner to
make the game at no-trump, but
reflected that three no-trump had
not been doubled. Why run to a
minor suit contract which would be
lust as bad as three r1o-trump and
which was likely to get doubled?
So North stood fast and was re-
warded when his partner showed
UP with the right cards to make the
game at no-trump. Note, however,
that game at either minor suit
would have been hopeless, and that
East would have doubled to boot.
+
Saturday you were Oswald Jaco-
by's partner and, with neither side
vulnerable, you held:
AIS
oAKJ32
oAJ74
&KJ
The bidding:
You. Schenker. Jacoby. Burnstone.
10 Pass 3NT Pass
(?)
Answer-Bid four diamonds. A
small slam is q foresone conclusion,
since you have fine hand and your
partners bid shows immense
strength. BY showing a second long
suit, you may enable the partner
ship to reach q grand slam without
risk.
Score 100 per cent for four dia-
monds, 30 per cent for six no-trump,
so per cent for five no-trump.
Question No. 1908.
Today you are David Burnstone's
partner and, with both sides vulner-
able, you hold:
1os632
0KQS4
oKQ
Ak
The bidding:
Burnstone. Schenken. You. Jacoby.
Ia Pass co
What do you bid? (Answer tonor-
row.
Rslsssed By the Bell Syndicate. 1ne)
Evening star., 1942-02-23

unqualified; without restriction" 1t
is a powerful and comprehensive
word that we should add to our
vocabularies. The correct pronuncia-
tions are:
First choice: PLEE-nuh-ree.
Second choice: PLEN-uh-ree.
Evening star., 1942-02-23
LETTER-OUT

Remove letter spell the word
opposite
the word from which it.
correctly they're mobs
0 Saturdays LETTER-OUT
DESERT-STEED
ADMIRE-DREAM (you hope will true).
DESERTS-STEERS find the range).
(E) BESIDE-BIDES waits.
HATER-HEAT (wait a months for this.
Evening star., 1942-02-23

Typohowler: An enlightenmg item
from a Buffalo newspaper: ITO kiss
a persons foot was the natural act
of submission and HUMIDITY on
the part Of the kisser!"
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1942-02-06
RECORD PLANTING
OF SUGAR BETS
SEEN FOR STATE
WILL RESULT FROM DISCLOSURE
OF PENDING SHORTAGE.
SPOKESMEN SAY

Great Western Sugar Co. spokesman
predict that beet growers in Colorado,
Wyoming. Nebraska and Montana will
plant record beet paintings in 1912
following Secretary Wickard's disclo-
sure that the nation may face a sugar
shortage by the end of this year.
The spokesman pointed out that ir-
rigation water prospects were excellent
in Colorado, with storage in northern
and eastern beet growing sections
nearly twice the totals of year ago
The price paid growers for 1912 beets,
these sources said, may be about SO
ton, including higher federal benefit
payments and higher returns from in
creased refined sugar prices.
Beet farmers in the four-state area
of the Great Western Co. will receive
S2,497l6l as a first additional pay
ment on the 1871 crop, Frank A. Kemp.
president and general manager, said.
The payment, based on sugar con-
tent of beets, will average about 80
cents ton for growers in the Colo
RADIO, Nebraska and Wheatland, Wyo.,
areas.
Billings and Lowell. Wyo.. growers
will receive 81 ton.
Checks were mailed jan 20. Totals
by districts are: Colorado s1,453, 420:
Nebraska and Wheatland, S64l ,142;
Billings and Lowell, Wyo., S402 500.
These payments bring total company
payments on the l94l crop to sl5,-
45l, lis.
Government benefit payments aris-
ing from processing taxes levied
against the manufacturer raises the
total to more than $50 5OO,0 900.
This is equivalent to an average re-
ceipt by growers of about $7.39 ton
for the Colorado-Nebraska-W heatland
district as a whole and s7.85 for the
Billings-Lovell area, Kemp said, with
further company payments posi-
bility if warranted by returns from
sugar yet to be sold.
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1942-02-06

afire At that time there were only
three or four of us at the fort, so we
decided that the three of us should
go down and try to save the wood.
remained at the fort and a signal was
agreed upon in case Of danger-two
shots in quick succession.
las soon as the men were out OF
sight the Indians came in large num-
bers. They found the big gate locked
1t was made Of dry timbers from the
Trover and was 20 feet high. I ex-
pected they would try to set it afire
I denied them admission which they
peremptorily demanded. and got into
the blockhouse. from which I had
command of the gate and its ap-
proaches
The Indians began to examine the
gate closely. and I gave the pre-
arranged signal and prepared to sell
my life as dearly as possible. The
three men came to the edge OF the
timber and seeing the Indians in such
overwhelming numbers. two of them
hesitated but Shelton insisted that I
was still alive and was determined to
come to my aid. The others followed
They crept along the bank until close
to the fort and then made a rush
for the gate while the Indians were
some distance from it. Seeing the re-
| Inducements I had received the In
dams gave up their hostile intentions
and went away.
"a few days afterward. while at
dinner, we heard whoop. and look.
| ing out saw party of Indians had
/ jumped out of the timber and had
stampeded our horses and mules and
were driving them off toward the hills.
! Three of lis started to follow. one,
Ivey. remained behind to guard the
fort. We had gone but short dis
| lance when we heard the signal. and
/ looking around saw a big party Of
war-painted Sioux coming out of the
| timber in an attempt to cut us off
from the fort.
/ Indians Mockcd Them
1--WE made a run for the fort which
we reached just in time and going to
the roof watched our animals disap-
pear towards the hills. The Indians
were in plain sight and we could see
them hooking us. The distance was
| too far for a Winchester so one of
the boys got a Hawkins-Spencer rifle
and put a number of leaden messen-
gers into the group. The only fatality,
however, was one of our own mules.
The following summer Mr.. Higbee
was succeeded by A. Juneau. He was
soon afterward sent to open trading
post at Frenchmen's creek and I was
asked to take his place, a proposition
to which I at first agreed. But upon
the return of Mr.. Peck and Mr.
Juneau from Fort Benton, I recon-
sidered the proposition and concluded
that did not want to spend another
such winter, and so I took the next
steamboat for Buford; and that fin
ished my hardships at Fort Pouchette.'
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1942-02-06

him and shot him in the back Court
nay was in the act of stepping down
when the Indian fired. and the bullet
ranged downward and came out little
above the knee on the inside of the
leg. We all considered it fatal wound.
The Indian was in the act of cooking
the other barrel, when Courtney.
wounded as he was, turned on him
with the AK and bluffed him off, and
then fell
THE shooting aroused the two men
at the fort and they sent for us in
the timber on the point. We carried
the wounded man to the blockhouse
and supposed he would never leave it
alive. I volunteered to attend him.
Medical assistance was out Of the
question, as none was nearer than
Helena. and it was impossible to 60
onc-quarter of the distance ON account
of Indians. My patient grew rapidly
weaker and could hardly speak. A few
days after the shooting a party of
Sioux arrived and brought me some
roots, telling me how to use them.
Saved His Life
II washed the wound in the de-
coction. Colonel Clendenning, who was
then running the post at Musselshell
sent word to battle the wound with
ice water to reduce the inflammation
and also sent syringe, with which
washed out the wound every day.
1t was frightful agony but it saved the
poor fellows life and in 30 days he
was able to walk around.
'One morning in April we discoy-
cred that our cord wood had been set
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1942-02-06

Mary Anne Talbot served 10 years
as seaman in the British navy. She
called herself John Taylor, and her
sex was not discovered until she had
been seriously wounded.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-05-09
Observe
Papal
Jubilee

Millions of prayers in every Ian
guage and countless masses cele-
brated in the various rites have
been arranged for Ascension
Thursday, May IA, with one pur-
pose-world peace as advocated by
Pope Plus XII.
This will be in keeping with the
Holy Fathers wish that the silver
jubilee of his episcopal consecra-
ton be celebrated throughout the
world only in a spiritual manner.
and for his intention of world
peace with Justice.
In Detroit there will be a SOL
emn pontificial mass chanted by
Archbishop Edward Mooney at
1890 a. m. in the Cathedral OF the
Blessed Sacrament, and a holy
hour for men at 8 p. m, in the
University of Detroit stadium.
On the following Sunday all
Catholics in the Detroit archdio-
cese will be asked to receive holy
communion and pray for the Holy
Fathers intention. Likewise, the
school children of the archdiocese
are offering spiritual bouquets for
the same purpose.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-05-09
W Notes

Final meetings of the marriage
forum. sponsored by the Fisher
YMCA in cooperation with the
Merrill Palmer and Northwestern
High Schools. will be held Monday
and Wednesday evenings at 1880 in
the Northwestern High School
class rooms.
Planning for Children and
Guidance" will be discussed Mon
day by Mrs. Florence Dunn, for
merly of the child development de-
partment at Merrill Palmer School.
The Rev. Andrew Kurth. pastor of
the Red emer Presbyterian
Church. will address the group
Wednesday on the subject, How
Can Religion Contribute to Family
Life in the Present Emergency ?"
The st. Antoine branch will
stage its fourth annual circus in
the gym at 6 o'clock tonight. A
performance by Jack Latin, ~
stage gymnastic champion, will
the program.
Maurie Baker will present his
WPA dance orchestra during a
free lobby program scheduled for
z p. m. Monday in the Downtown
YMCA.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-05-09
Phil Kerr Guest
AT Tabernacle

Motion pictures of 30 famous
living hymn writers will be shown
as a special feature of Phil Kerr's
sacred concert Monday night at
Everybody's Tabernacle. The pic
lures were filmed by Kerr during
a recent coast-to-coast tour.
At the concert here, Kerr will
sing and play many of his own
compositions. lie will relate stories
of how many famous hymns came
TO be written, and will tell of his
interviews with famed hymn COM
poserS. The general public is in
vitcd 10 the concert, which begins
at 7:15.
Ethel r. Willitts is pastor OF
EVerybody'S Tabernacle.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-05-09

The last of the series of Sabbath
Eve services, which Temple Israel
has been conducting in the Detroit
Institute of Arts lecture hall, will
be held Friday at $50 p. m, with
Rabbi Leon |. Feuer of Toledo, O..
occupying the pulpit.
During the summer months
services will be held Saturday
mornings at Temple Israel meet
ing hall, els Boulevard Building
Rabbi F'euer will also address
the graduating class of Temple
Israel at the confirmation service
on the eve of Shevuos or the Feast
of Weeks, Thursday, May q, AT
8 p. m. in the Art Institute audi
forum.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-05-09
ST. Paul Charts
Morality Play

"Everyman," a morality play OF
the fifteenth century, which has
been adapted for modern stage
presentation, will be produced al
the ST. Pauls Episcopal Cathedral
Sunday. May II, at 7;3o p. m. by
the Cathedral Civic Theater.
Musical background of the play
has been composed and will be
played by Ralph Calder and the
entire production will be aug
mented by the choral work of the
130-voice ST. Pauls Cathedral
adult choir.
The entire production has been
conceived and directed by Walter
Koste. The play will be enhanced
by tn lavish costume creations of
Jeanette Koste. 1t will be pre-
sented for one night only and is
open TO the public.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-05-09
Council Of Churches
Map Noon Devotions

In preparation for the Sunday
of Pentecost, May "a, the evangel-
ism department of the Detroit
Council of Churches has announced
a Today series of meetings for
worship and meditation. TO be held
at Central Methodist Church.
Services will be held from 1920
TO p. m. each day from Thurs
day. May II. through Saturday,
May %, Sunday excepted. Devo-
tional leaders and speakers have
been chosen from the ministry OF
Detroit's Protestant churches.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-05-09
COUNCIL OF CHURCHES

Mrs. Warren Wheeler Pickett
has been selected as the teacher
for the four weeks course on
What Do You Know About Your
Bible ?" The course will open al
$50 a. m. Wednesday in Room No.
107, Rackman Building, under the
sponsorship of the Detroit Coun-
Gil Of Churches, and continue for
four successive weeks.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-05-09
Council Program Set

THE Little Church of the Air
is the name of the new half-hour
worship program with sermon,
sponsored by the Detroit Council
of Churches and broadcast over
radio station WWJ. from $50 10
10 a. m, Sundays. beginning May
II, under the Craftsmanship of DR..
Preston II. Scott. of the speech
department, Wayne University.