davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Detroit evening times., 1942-09-01

CTATISTICS on the subject OF
~ how efficient reading is in
the general population are not
as encouraging as those on stark
illiteracy.
About 80 per cent Of pupils
in the sixth grade read no
faster than they did in the
fourth grade.
A fifth grade child should
read 1872 words minute; a
seventh grade child. go words;
a high school pupil. 300 words,
and a college Student, $50 10 500
words.
This means not only reading
words, but also graspIng the
meaning. You should be able
TO read this column in Ia 10 2
minutes.
Backwardness in reading for
any child should be a real con-
cern 10 parents.
OF course. probably the COM
monest cause is visual defect
which never became evident in
the younger years when close
vision was unnecessary
THEHE j. a group of non
readers however Wha have
Detroit evening times., 1942-09-01

The $50 people Of Block Island,
IL miles off the Rhode Island
coast, collected 35h pounds of
rubber scrap for every man,
woman and child on the island.
Detroit evening times., 1942-09-01
New DeaIism
Aids Goons
In War Effort
Work Stoppaeo Caused
on Oil Pipe Line
By wESTBROOK PEGLER

By WESTBkOOk fEuLEk
TYdIS is a sample of that New
i Dealism which has been re-
pudiated In the State of New
York by the nomination of John
Bennett for governor on the
Democratic ticket and the de-
feat of President Roosevelt's
man, Senator Jim Mead.
Near Cape Girardeau. Mo. the
small local unions of the great
nationwide Hod Carriers and
Common Laborers' Union had
not enough members to man the
jobs on the construction of a
24-inch oil pipeline from Texas
to Illinois to relieve the eastern
shortage of fuel for heating
homes, factories and offices and
of gasoline for motor vehicles.
The people of the eastern seas
board have been warned repeat
edly that they will have 10 live
in cold homes this winter be.
cause OF the oil fuel shortage.
The pipeline Is being built by.
War Emergency Pipeline, Inc.
organized for this purpose by
seven oil companies. and Harold
Ickes, as petroleum COORDINATION.
has let contracts TO the corpora
tion for this construction to q
total of $35 900, 900 of govern
ment money.
The job is an emergency war
project affecting not merely the
comfort but the health and
doubtless the lives of many
Americans of all political beliefs
in large and densely populated
area.
THE contracting mpany
l. which is doing the WORK
around Cape Girardeau called
all the locals in the region an
they were unable to turn out
enough members. so the CONS
pany began 10 hire nonunion
men. presumably farmers and
unskilled small-town, casual
workers.
The business agent represents
ing the union then demanded
that the contracting company
collect SIS from each of these
others and turn the money over
to the local.
The farmers and small-town
easuals had absolutely nothing
to gain by joining. as their
wages were fixed already and.
moreover. when the job is done
in few weeks. there might not
be another project of the kind
in their neck of the woods as
long as they live.
Anyway, they didn't want to
Detroit evening times., 1942-09-01
Reading Efficiency in U. S.
Alarms Li+eracy Experts
BY DIR. LOGAN CLENDENING

ILLITERACY in the United
Il States is lower than in any
other country in the world and
is almost as low as ii can ever
be made.
This affirmation is made in
spite of alarmist misinterpreta-
ton, based on the figures that
100000 men had been deferred
for army service because of in
ability TO meet the army's edu-
cational requirements.
The educational standards OF
the army are far higher than in
the first World War.
In the present generation 80
per cent of children between
the ages of 10 and 13 are at
tending school and have been for
at least four years.
OF actual illiterates. unable
TO read and write, II per cent
are survivors of the pre-1914
immigration, where foreign lam
guage difficulties were never
overcome, and Negroes.
Detroit evening times., 1942-09-01

w mattresses goes for all the
other luxury items that would
yield war material.
If the citizens OF this country
appear to be soft and unwilling
to sacrifice. and inclined to take
the war in stride, it's the fault
of those who are running il.
Let the powers get hard-boiled
and they'll find that the people
not only can take il, but will get
a satisfaction out of taking il.
Sor1e one should tell Washing
ton that Americans are pretty
tough folk = before and after
elections, particularly when
war is going on.
Distributed by McNsught Syndicate, Inc
Detroit evening times., 1942-09-01
u. S. Prevents
Citizens From
Sacrificing
Afraid TO Ask Patriots
to Quit Luxuries
By HENRY McLEMORE

By HENRY McLEMuhE
uOW far will Americans go to
- win this war? To what
degree will they saerifie in order
to crush the Japs and the Ger
mans. We mean civilian
Americans.
There is no doubt about what
the men of the fighting forces
will do. They've already shown
that they'll give their lives.
It's our guess that the
civilians will 60 the limit, get
right down to scratch. Further
more, it's our guess they will
do this gladly, with a minimum
of grousing.
But will they ever get this
chance to throw themselves 100
per cent into the war effort?
That's a question.
Detroit evening times., 1942-09-01

THEBE j. a group Of non
Il readers. however, who have
Evening star., 1942-09-17

ing allotments in the parks, win
dow boxes filled with tomato
plants, ducks swimming about on
static water" tanks-the tanks
being there to help fight incendi-
ary bombs-and people raising
chickens in coops on their roof
tops.
All the smart squares and
parks are used for gardens these
days, she says-and she Is IA
miliar with the sight OF a group
of nremen working a farming al
lotment in Hyde Park.
You still see plenty Of clothes
in London shops, but she says
they are very expensive and when
the current stock gives out "util-
ity clothes" will be the rule.
These are designed according to
government regulations and are
very wearable," she says. But
on the whole, she added, clothes
don't matter very much.
Silk hose disappeared long ago,
OF course, and Mrs. Head is en-
joying supply she managed to
find during her brief stay in New
York.
After this month, she said,
there will be no ice cream In
England. Cream went of the
market three years ago.
In her position at the American
Embassy Mrs. Head sees many
OF the visiting newspaper people
and shortly before she left had
luncheon with Esther Van Wag-
oner Tufty, former president of
the Women's National Press
Club, now speaking and writing
on a goodwill tour" in England.
Mrs. Head, who has lived in
various parts Of the world and is
the author of a children's book
on China, hasn't done any writ
Ing since the war began.
But she's kept a scrapbook on
important events since three days
before the war and makes regular
notations in 4 personal diary.
One Of her latest entries re-
cords the fact that one of Lon
don's famous old streets is now
known as "Jeep street." for 1t
houses a contingent OF American
soldiers who dart back and forth
In the Army bantam cars.
Evening star., 1942-09-17
Pen Women to Hear
Pearl Harbor Talk

Blake Clarke, eyewitness Of the
Pearl Harbor attack and author Of
Remember Pearl Harbog." will be
guest speaker before the District
League of American Pen Women at
the studio, 1851 Columbia road NV,
at . pm. September %. A business
meeting will be held at pm. There
will be guest privileges.
Mr.. Clarke will be introduced by
Miss Anne Singleton. anon-tiction
chairman.
Miss Singleton will meet with her
group in the studio for their first
meeting at pm. Friday, October q.
She has asked members to bring
a 500-word account of q converse :
ton overheard in a streetcar, bus or
hotel lobby.
Evening star., 1942-09-17

the past three years, she de-
clared, the fruit displays in the
shops are fascinating.
Mrs. Head 1inds herself stand
ing IN front of the fruit counters
simply staring In admira ton.
Peaches were selling in Eng
land when she left at $1.20 each
and although she saw oranges
occasionally they were only for
children.
Il asked my green grocer who
bought his peaches and he said
they were usually sold for such
purposes as delicacies for in
valids," she said.
In New York, where she spent
two days after arriving by clip
per, Mrs. Head was dazzled by
the brightness of the nightly
dim-out. She has become so ac-
customed to total blackouts that
when she goes out in the evening
in England, she doesn't bother
to carry torch.
To see private cars in use
seems strange after England
and Mrs. Head is amazed at the
size Of our newspapers. Most
London papers are down to three
shee-s, although the London
Times usually has five. she said.
Even our sugar rationing has
her puzzled. for everywhere she's
eaten she has found either bowls
Of sugar on the tables or q SEEM
ingly unlimited amount OF lump
sugar.
Secretary to the Press Attache
of the American Embassy In
London. Mrs. Head is making her
first visit home in nearly eight
years. She had booked sailing
for home leave in August, 1899,
but after England declared war
all leaves were Cancelled.
Stopping at the clubhouse OF
the American Association Of
University Women during her
stay in the Capital, she plans to
leave on Monday to visit her
parents in Kansas City.
An admirer of the English for
their great ability to improvise,"
4, Mrs. Head describes such inter-
esting sights In London as farm
Evening star., 1942-09-17
OAR to Broadcast
On Constitution

what the Constitution Means
to You Today" is the subject to be
discussed on a special Constitution
Day radio program to be broadcast
by the District Daughters of the
American Revolution over Station
WWDC at 3 o'clock this afternoon.
The program has been arranged
by the OAR Radio Committee and
the guest speakers will be Mrs. Geof-
frey Creyke, State regent. and Mrs
Wilfred j. Chairman, State his
torian, who will be introduced by
Mrs. Edgar B. Merritt, State chair
man Of radio in charge of arrange
ments.
Mrs. Creyke will preside tonight
at the Constitution Day celebration
IN the garden Of the Chapter House
at 1882 Massachusetts, avenue. Mrs.
Chairman has arranged the pro-
gram.
Evening star., 1942-09-17
Committees Listed
By Altrusa Club

Mrs. Arvilla D. Merrill, president
of the Altrusa Club, announces the
following committees for the club
year:
Program, Miss Margaret Maltby
Miss Nora Beust and Miss Louise
Stitt: publicity, Mrs. Raleigh Gil
christ and Miss Olga Jones; classifi-
cation, Miss Eva G. Pinkston, Miss
Edith Macauley, and membership
and extension, Miss Carmen john
son and Mrs. J. Edward Chapman.
Education, Miss Harriet Chase
Miss Ruth Cornman and Miss Olga
Steig; vocational information, Miss
Helen Harrington and Miss Hester
Hood; international relations, Miss
Bertha Nienburg and Miss Bess
Goodykoontz; non-partisan affairs,
Miss Elizabeth Casey. Miss Irene
Dickson and Miss Julia Hahn, and
bylaws. Miss Olga Halsey and Miss
Libbie Myers.
Ofi1cers are: Vice president, Mis-.
Helen Harrington: secretary, Miss
Evening star., 1942-09-17
Dietitian Elected

Miss F. Louise Hagel, consultant
dietitian at the Washington Medical
Building, has been elected president
Of the District Dietetic Association.
Her assistants are Miss Mary
Warmth, president-elect, who will
take ofdce on expiration of Miss
Hagels two-year term; Miss Louise
Clark, treasurer. and Miss Alice
Latson, secretary. Miss Warmth
is associated with Providence Hos
pital, Miss Clark with Mount Alto
Hospital and Miss Latson with Chill
dren's Hospital
Evening star., 1942-09-17

,..,rs N Hartnett, secretary, ana
Miss Helen cavanash, treasurer.
DR.. Cartwright will review in'
problems of Lasting Peace, oy he
bert Hoover ard Hugh Gibson; az
the Mayflower Hotel Wednesoas'
November 4.
Evening star., 1942-09-17
Ian Box Social

Members of the WASHINGTON
League of Women Shoppers and
their friends will attend box social
at $50 o'clock Saturday afternoon
at the home of Mrs. Robert Wilson,
4800 U street NV Each guest will
bring a box lunch for two, which
will be auctioned off. Proceeds will
benefit the league. There will be
camp fire singing and cider will be
made on the grounds from freshly
picked apples.
In case of rain the supper will be
held Sunday.
Evening star., 1942-09-17
Critics Forum
To Meet Oct. /

The Rev. James NJ. Gillis, c. S. r,
OF New York will review Franz
Werfels "The Song Of Bernadette
Thursday, October l. at $50 pm.
at the Mayflower Hotel at the first
review meeting OF the Critics
Forum.
The Rev. John K. Cartwright Is
director Of the forum, which he
founded in March. 1910. The groups
theme is "Catholic Thought on the
Best Sellers" The Rev. Joseph E.
Gedra is assistant director, Miss
Evening star., 1942-09-17
AAUW Plans Fete

Mrs. James L. johnson has charge
of collection of gifts for the grab
bag booth which the Junior Group
Of the Washington Branch, Ameri-
can Association of University Wom-
en-. will sponsor at the garden party
Saturday afternoon in the British
Embassy gardens. The fete Is to be
given under auspices OF the Cana
dian Club and proceeds will benefit
the Red Cross.
Evening star., 1942-09-17
Soroptinists
Hear Australian
Military Aide
Officer Says Women
OF His Country Are
ReSimenfed

AcSbVVCVtcU
Women Of Australia have beer
completely regimented In the wal
effort and a great many of them
some over so years Of age, do heavy
manual labor In munitions factories
1t. Col. George Sutton of the Aus
tralian Military Mission told men,
bers Of the Soroptimist Club yester-
day.
Our women work at sheer hard
labor" he said, 'but they have been
regimented like the rest OF the ma
ton, 50 that the best abilities of
every individual are used to great
est advantage"
Forty-five members and their
guests attended the weekly luncheon
at the Willard Hotel Miss Estelle
Zirkin, president, presided, and Mrs.
Eleanor Lee introduced the speaker.
"A tremendous army of women
labor In the munitions factories" +"
1t. Col. Sutton continued. They
are doing magnificent work. Many
of them are women in their COS.
After . day In the factory they are
filthy. weary. grimy and sometimes
q little detected. If the war lasts
long enough-and I think 1t will
1t will also happen here in the United
States that everybody will be regi-
mented until each man. woman and
child is doing active war work"
1t. Col. Sutton likened the Aus
tralian people to Americans in their
hospitality and willingness to meet
the other fellow halfway" All con-
sumner articles. such as fuel, gaso-
line, clothing and food are rationed
in Australia. Gasoline is down to
three gallons a month or so miles
of driving. The government eventu-
ally wants automobiles to be used
only In emergencies and for war
essential driving, he said.
OF American soldiers In Australia,
he said:
I'VE entertain many thousands OF
American troops in our country, we
feed these American troops, and we
feed them adequately and we'll, al
though / hear they sometimes be-
come fed up on mutton"
Mrs. Mary Catherine Lewis, chair
man of the Soroptimist Clubs eve
ming at the Stage Door Canteen, in
formed club members that for one
evening In october they will be re-
sponsible for feeding 1000 men in
uniform at the old Belasco Theater.
The following committee chairmen
will assist her: Misses Mary Bourke
and Mary Turner. food and kitchen;
Misses Peggy Stoneham and Eleanor
Austin, Mems Committee, and Misses
Agnes Cady. Celia Stach, Mildred
Clum and Sallie billiard, food dona-
tions and delivery. Senior hostesses
will be Misses Lorraine Good, Jean
Bennett and Elinor Lee, and the
Junior hostesses will be Misses
Florence Mearo, Isabel Peterson and
Zada Daniels.
Miss Ruth Fernsler. soprano, sang
at the meeting yesterday, accom-
panied on the piano by Mrs. Jewell
Downes. It was announced that a
young Norwegian who escaped from
o Gestapo prison in Norway will
address the club at its next meeting.
Evening star., 1942-09-17
4. S. 4. Land of Plenty
Says Visitor From England
Bv Frances Lide.

Accustomed to life in England
after three, years of war, Mrs.
Frances Nowlin Head says her
impressions Of this country since
her return last week are OF
land Of plenty"
To one who hasn't seen a
lemon, grapefruit or banana for
Evening star., 1942-09-17
Sorority to Meet

Mrs. Patricia McGrath will pre-
side at the first meeting of the sea-
son of Kappa Chapter, Beta Sigma
Phi, at O'Clock tonight at 71O
Fourteenth street NV.
Evening star., 1942-09-17

Hester Hood, and treasurer. Miss
Ruth Cornman. Meetings are held
on the second Wednesday Of every
month.
Evening star., 1942-03-11
Roosevelt Rejects
Proposal for Merger
0fArmy and Navy
Services Working Well
Under Present System.
Press Conference Told

Recurrent proposals for merger of
Army and Navy under one depart
ment will find no support in admin
istration quarters.
This was made clear late yester-
day, when President Roosevelt told
his press conference the services
seemed to be working we'll together
under the present system, while
Chairman May of the House Mill
tary Affairs Committee urged that
agitation for a unified command
cease. He added that the pro-
ponents of such a consolidation
should not rock the boat in time OF
storm"
During the day, Senator Clark,
Democrat, of Missouri, long an ad-
vocate of combining the War and
Navy Departments in a Depart
mept of National Defense" intro
duced a bill to carry his plan into
effect.
Unmistakable Opposition.
Under his measure, the head OF
the new department would, under
the President, be in command OF
the land, sea and air forces. The
present posts Of Secretary of War
and Secretary of the Navy would be
abolished.
Mr.. Roosevelt said he had not
heard of the Clark bill, but he made
his opposition to the suggested con-
solicitation unmiStakable. So long
as the various military branches
we're working we'll together, he said,
it made little difference whether
there was single department or
several.
The President also discouraged
discussion of the possibility of estab-
fishing a supreme command. A re-
i porter mentioned that Senator
Chandler, Democrat, of Kentucky
had said such step was imminent.
Mr.. Roosevelt asked the correspond
ent what was meant by the term
supreme command. The correspond
ent said he did not know. The
President added, then, that neither
did snv one else who wes writing
on 1e subject.
SeOrss snilslion ".x1isInsa.
Ar. Roosevelt explained inc Isor-
ganization OF the naval command
announced Monday, as a move TO-
ward sinpliflcation. and stream
lining, equivalent to recent changes
in the Army. In the shakeup, Ad-
miral Ernest j. King, heretofore
chief Of the United States Fleet the
world around, was made chief of
naval operations as well. Admiral
Harold r. Stark, formerly chief of
operations, was assigned 10 COM
mand American warships in Euro
pean waters.
The chief OF operations, Mr..
Roosevelt said, had been in charge
of planning the movement of ships
and the commander in chief of the
fleet was responsible for ship opera
tions. II seemed logical and de-
sirable, he added, to merge these
functions and centraliae RESPONSE
bility.
Evening star., 1942-03-11
Russians Seize Junction
in Lake linen Sector

MOSCOW, March IL [Pl-Red
Army troops we're reported tOdav TO
have captured an important juno
ton in the Lake linen sector, where
the 10Th German Army is under
assault.
A dispatch from the Lake linen
front said German bombers, striking
in groups of 30 and 40, were dis
persed by the Soviet fighter craft
and some were forced to drop their
loads on the lake ice.
Supply transport planes are shot
noH.n regularly 5y Eu-lla-n amen
: ~ an,i-zircref- gunner z.lC ok
49, GDC ooULnIcn.E 40LhC on urls-
nh.rs oi1Clo1e .lIe.t tiIs G3ruIan1 e.f2
suffering from {. shortage OF NUM-
ticns rs we'll rs fccd and clothing,
the dispatch said.
The Soviet Information Bureau
announced the capture of three vii
lagos on the central front, where
German garrisons of Rzhev and
Vyazma are reported virtually pock-
eted.
Units operating on the south
western front destroyed a number
of enemy firing positions and blew
up a large German ammunition
dump" the information bureau said.
A number of casualties were in
f1icted on the enemy"
Evening star., 1942-03-11

ment of on-belligerent Brazil pre-
pared TO protest a second time TO
Germany.
In Rio de JaneirO. ii was believed
the latest sinking would speed action
on an expected Brazilian decree
calling for confiScation of German
property there TO gain reparatiCns.
Of the Cayru survivors. who for
16 hours battled the fury of high
seas, gale winds, bail and thunder
and lightning in their lifeboat, Otto
Alberto JOegerS. a passenger, said
every one aboard got off in four
boats after the first torpedo struck
in the bow
Talked 10 Captain.
Il could see it the submarineD
plainly" he declared. Two men
seemed to be looking out of the
coming tower They called out in
broken English with an unmistakable
German accent, asking the name of
the ship and its destination.
The submarine then went over by
boat No. l, which contained the
captain, and asked if everybody was
off. After receiving an affirmative
answer, they went over by the ship
and sent the second torpedo amid
ship, right by the engine room.
This blew the ship apart and it
sunk rapidly
Evening star., 1942-03-11
University Tests War Morale
And Reactions of Civilians

war, DR.. M. Erik Wright and four
aides set out to devise a method
of determining how well non-com-
batants hold up.
Questionnaires were distributed
among students. BY their answers
DR.. Wright said he hoped to OBJ
tain the reactions of cross S-section
Of the population to new war situa-
tions and to pick out qualities ap-
parently essential to morale.
On the basis of those answers, DR..
Wright's group is devising a ques-
tionnaire for the public similar to
current polls on popular issues.
DR.. Wright said a large percen-
tage of students questioned topped
their list of morale-building sugges-
tions with: Getting a chance to
cooperate with the Government
and do something worth while for
the national effort"
Other proposals included feeling
confident that:
The Government was not hiding
tllIIlSS from Lne people.
Certain groups were not profiteer-
ing on armaments and food.
Draft boards were uniform in in
terpretlng regulations without sacri-
nclng consideration of individual
cases.
Questlonnaires also will be de-
signed to form basis for estimating
the effect of word d-of-mouth rumors.
stories, jokes and beliefs on the
temper of the people.
In its final form, DR.. Wright OBJ
served, missionaries will contain
numerous items dealing with atti-
tuoes toward factors seemingly un-
Important to morale, but answers are
expected to indicate the general
ieVel OF public morale. it's changes
and the factors involved
Evening star., 1942-03-11
Italy Says Her Subs Sank
50, 700 Tons Of u. 5. Ships
By the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
ROME From Italian BroadcaStSt ;,
March 1.-THE high command as
serted today that 5O,70O tons of ship
ping had been sunk by Italian sub
marines off the coasts of the United
States and that 23,500 tons OF this
total had been sent TO the bottom in
a single week.
The communiQue specifically
named five Italian submarine COM
manders as particularly distinguish
ing themselves in these operations.
CReportS from Norfolk, Va,
yesterday indicated that the Axis
submarine which sank the Bra
lillian freighter Arabutan last
Saturday might have been Ital-
ianD
Italian torpedoboats have sunk
two submarines and the British
have definitely lost six of the un-
derSeas craft in the Mediterranean
in the last four weeks, the high
command said
Two torpedoboats shared in the
latest victories, each destroying a
submarine "at different places and
on different DAYS" it was an
nounced.
fen.'. mtenS, niosv, 40. uoc,.
s-m nseoT your dough. Bug De-
tense S0nds.
Evening star., 1942-03-11

BY the Associated Press.
COLUMBUS, Ohio, March H.
How's your morale?
Don't say you're one of those un-
f1inching persons unless YOU can
prove it, because Ohio State Uni
versity psychologists are devising a
method of testing war nerves.
Military leaders generally agree
that Army and civilian morale is
as necessary for victory as equip
ment.
The Army has been conducting
extensive tests to determine why
some men can "stick it out" under
difficult combat conditions while
others adopt defeatist attitudes
when the tide of battle turns
against them.
Asserting that civilians face SINH
lar conditions in present-day total