davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1942-03-15

he was advanced to the rank of rear ad-
miral in December. 1914, Is pilots and II
planes made up all there was Of naval
aviation.
OF medium height, with very erect
military bearing, Admiral Fullam was
known as a strict disciplinarian. But
for all his strictness, he was also
known as fair and just man
with nothing of the martinez about
him. He was a man OF decided
views, not averse to expressing them
and backed water for no one. His plea
for more air power stirred no more con-
tention than did his oft maintained
thesis that the Marine Corps had no
place in the Navy, that sailors should
be and actually were well enough trained
to perform the duties normally carried
out by the marines. He saw no reason
why marines should be placed on board
men of war as orderlies and guards. He
felt that the bluejacket was just as we'll
trained for these duties. He was a great
admirer Of the Marine Corps, but con-
cluded 1t should be a separate unit to
function with the Navy as 1.-THE soldiers
Evening star., 1942-03-15

"Sea power, or fighting power, In the
future will be largely dependent upon
control of the air, and that feet which
secures this control in future battles
must win, other things being approx
mately equal"
From knowledge of what submarines
had accomplished during the first World
War, and what airpianes were destined
to accomplish in the future, he evolved
he described as mere voicing Of the
ideas that had lived in many mems
brains for many years"
Admiral Fullam was superintendent
of the Naval Academy in 1914 and
from the date OF his retirement upon
reaching the statutory age limit of "a
years in October, 1919, until his death
in Washington in September, 1926, Ad-
miral Fullam devoted much of his time
and his considerable energies toward
heralding the new naval era. He was
one of the organizers Of the National
Aeronautic Association and is given
credit for its motto. America First in
Vic WIOle dI llCIeS, SpOht dJ
countless dinners and testified before
congressional committees on the neces-
sity for revamping naval policy.
His interest brought him into close
contact with Gen. Mitchell and, although
he did not advocate separate air force,
he gave the highest praise for the bomb
ing demonstrations off the East Coast in
1922, during which the former German
battleship, Ostfriesland, and obsolete
American ships were sunk with air
bombs.
The statement is made in the interest
Of justice and truth" he told a congress
sional committee investigating the re-
suits Of the demonstrations afterward,
that Gen. Mitchell has done more than
any living man to demonstrate the power
Of air attack against the forces of our
possible enemies and more than the Gen.
eral Board Of the Navy and all of the
admirals of the Navy combined"
The report of the special Navy board
on the bombing demonstrations aroused
the ire Of the gray-haired admiral to a
high pitch.
For four long months" he told the
committee, "a special board of naval Of
flcers Of high rank have investigated the
subject of battleships. submarines and
air forces in modern war. Their report
Evening star., 1942-03-15

which It would have been quite useless
against an up-to-date navy.
The disarmament conference OF
course. gave the Navy the TWO largest
and most powerful aircraft carriers in
the world. the Lexington and Saratoga.
Of about 5000 tons each and capable OF
carrying from 80 to 100 aircraft. They
were converted from battle cruisers
while under construction as result OF
the conference limitations.
The proposal to increase the elevation
OF the battleship guns TO obtain longer
range he ascribed to the 'malady that
has afflicted us for the past four years
battleship- -phobia and big gun-itis."
Command OF the air" he thundered,
"and nothing else can and will decide
the issue Of the next naval battle. With
out it, the gun itself will be harmless.
With it, the ranges beyond 10000 yards
will be quite unnecessary. Adding two
miles to the range of our 16-inch guns is
like increasing the range of bow and
arrow in competition with Springfield
rife"
Naval thinking, Admiral Fullam con-
tended back in 1924, was hypnotized by
the big ship and big gun which no longer
commanded the sea.
THE best naval minds Of all coun-
tries are agreed" he asserted, that q
dreadnaught feet with guns Of maximum
power cannot approach hostile coast;
it cannot maintain a close blockade; 1t
cannot safely venture more than 200
miles from its protected base; it cannot
leave home at all unless 1t Is guarded
night and day from attack by airplanes
and submarines. . In short, the surface
fleet no longer rules the oceans. Air and
submarine power have dethroned the
battleship. With these incontrovertibls
facts in mind. it Is not difficult to out
line sound and modern naval policy
for the United States.
"It Is not argued that we should sink
the battleships we now have. Not at all.
We should retain them and make them
efficient. But we must develop the forces
above and below the surface feet. We
must have three-plane Navy. Navy
above the surface, on the surface and
below the surface. Otherwise. our feet
is completely useless in modern war. We
have been looking back too long. We
must look ahead from now on"
Evening star., 1942-03-15

of the Sea-" as they we're called. and not
to do guard duty. etc. over the Navy
enlisted personnel. 1t is not difficult to
understand how an officer capable Of
harboring such a thought might run afoul
of official disapproval sooner or later,
and he did. The outbreak Of the First
World War found him in command Of the
Reserve Force of the Pacific Fleet, about
as unimportant command as could
be found for rear admiral.
With characteristic vigor, he set about
getting his little feet of ill-conditioned,
undermined auxiliaries ready for sea.
His motto all through his life, and the
one he impressed in the minds Of all
naval officers under him was. Eternal
vigilance is the price Of our liberty"
The. declaration of war and presence
Of German raiders in the Pacific finally
accomplished what repeated proddings
had failed to do. He did get part Of his
force. all the scouting feet we had in the
Pacific. in shape to perform the func-
Evening star., 1942-03-15
Bv Ben H. PearSe.

'The potential awfulness of air power
In its relation to future political and
national interest in the Far East has not
yet been realized by American statesmen
and naval minds. If they will stop and
study this subject it may come to them
with dull sickening thud."
The sickening thud, of course, has
come as predicted, but this is no excerpt
from one of the thousands of prognosti-
cations offered so freely by air power
enthusiasts. 1t came years ago from the
pen of a e-in-the-wool naval line Of
fcer who never piloted plane. the late
Rear Admiral william Freeland Fullam,
whose one-man campaign for a three
plane" navy, unfortunately, has long
since been forgotten.
The occasion Of Admiral Fullam's re-
marks was vote in the British House
of Commons, back in 1923, to authorize
expenditure of from $50,0000 to $780,
100000 for the naval base at Singapore.
Read them against the background of
the events of the past few weeks, in
cluding the sinking of the Prince Of
Evening star., 1942-03-15

singing 1t, at least made no impression
that still fingered with Mr.. Reynolds
when he came to do his broadcast. 1t is
not hard to guess why. That superb and
stirring tune is the answer to band
masters prayer and can quicken the
heartbeat Of any homesick American
when he hears it waited from the quar-
terdeck of any ship of ours at anchor in
q distant harbor.
Ever since the turn of the century. and
a little before that, the Army and Navy
have made the playing of it obligatory
on sundry occasions. After a multi
tudinous agitation lasting third of a
century, Congress, as recently as 1881,
finally was badgered into declaring 1t our
by merely calling 1t money, so it cannot
turn any old song into national anthem
by decree. As a national anthem. THE
Star Spangled Banner" has one disturb
ing defect. It cannot be sung. It's mel
ody was written for the changing voice
and has never been assaulted success
fully by any man after the age of pub
erty.
Unfortunately the Battle Hymn also
has its own drawbacks as National
Anthem It's tune, with or without the
words Mrs. Howe wrote for it, was the
song of one side In the bitter war be-
tween the States,
From so much 1t will be seen that, just
as Samuel Francis Smith did when he
wrote MY Country, 'Tis Of Thee" and
Francis Scott Key when he wrote "The
Star Spangled Banner" so Mrs. Howe
set her words to tune already familiar.
1t happened in this fashion. Mrs.
Howe-she had been the lovely Julia
Ward Of New York-was married to the
famous DR.. Samuel Gridley Howe of
Boston. As a youth DR.. Howe had
served with the Greeks fighting for in
dependence at Missolonghi and, return
ing to his native heath. had become the
great pathfinder in the healing and
education of the blind.
When, wretchedly equipped and in
competently led, the raw, young Army of
the Potomac was taking shape, DR..
Howe's neighbor. the Governor, sent him
of to Washington to look into the health
Of the Massachusetts, troops. OF course
Mrs. Howe went along and so did their
parson, James Freeman Clarke. From
the window Of her room at Willard's
Hotel, Mrs. Howe could see the watch
fires Of . hundred circling camps.
Evening star., 1942-03-15

tions to which he had been assigned.
The Navy Cross he received was "for ex-
ceptionaly meritorious service in duty
of great responsibility as commander OF
the Reserve Force, United States Pacific
Fleet. and senior officer in command Of
the Pacific Station during the absence
of the commander in chief in South At
lantic waters" But when the armistice
was signed. it probably affected him in a
way entirely different from what he had
expected. He described it at an "Avia-
tors Armistice Dinner" given three years
later and after his retirement, by the
Aero Club Of America in New York. Ad-
miral Fullam was POSTMASTER Among
the speakers that evening were Brig Gen.
William Mitchell, Capt. H. c. Muslin,
then assistant chief of the Navy Bureau
Of Aeronautics, and Capt. Eddie Ricken-
backer, Americas leading World War
flyer.
At this dinner Admiral Fullam said:
"Three years ago, shortly after the
armistice in 1918, when your humble
servant as commander Of our naval
forces in the Pacific, was one day an
chored with his flagship and other ves-
sells in the harbor Of San Diego, Calf,
the commanding officer Of Rockwell
Field. in celebration of the close of the
World War. sent about 22O airplanes
aloft at one time.
1T was thrilling and imposing sight
The sky was fairly obscured by buzzing
planes, cruising over the harbor in sue
cessive waves. ''' And these machines
passed and repassed overhead for an
hour or two - until they landed 80
without single mishap.
Previous to this time had given to
the airplane what considered to be its
maximum role in war-that of a scout
and an auxiliary force ''' nothing had
been done in the World War that would
Justify. in my estimation, the belief that
1t would seriously affect naval construc-
ton or naval strategy. But, we could not
stand on the deck Of ship that day In
San Diego Harbor without being forced,
however reluctantly, to realize that a
new era had dawned in naval science,
that new weapon had appeared to upset
all previously conceived ideas OF the
forces that would contribute most effec-
lively to the maintenance Of sea power In
the years to come.
Evening star., 1942-03-15

Wales and Repulse, the fall of Singapore
itself and the accounts of the fighting in
the Southwest Pacific today:
" - Strange to say, the Singapore
project Is strongly opposed by certain
prominent English naval officers and
strategists either as useless expense to
the Empire, or because they claim it
should not be equipped to accommodate
battleships simply for the reason that
battleships could not safely go there and
would be of no use if they did go! -:
THE vote in the House of Commons
and the arguments of Mr.. Emery, the
First Lord of the Admiralty, were no
doubt based on the traditional belief
that England's great battleships could
make Singapore base of operations in
case Englands interests in the East were
threatened ."
Reviewing this subject, Admiral Full
lam declared that it was clear that Eng
land needed neither expensive forts nor
battleships at Singapore or Australia.
Evening star., 1942-03-15
By Alexander Woollcott.

BY Alexander Woollcott.
This Is the story Of a valiant and
gracious woman to whom, in dark hour
in this Nations history and in the un-
mapped half-world that lies between
sleeping and waking, 1t was given to put
down on paper certain words which have
since been recognized as an imponderable
and inanenaple part of the national
wealth, words which will last at least as
long as America does. Perhaps longer.
Her name is Julia Ward Howe and the
words made up certain stanzas which
she sold to the Atlantic Monthly for S..
To those stanzas the lavish editor of that
magazine affixed the title: THE Battle
Hymn Of the Republic" and published
them in his issue for February, 1862.
On July 4th Of the year just passed,
that hymn rang through the echoing
crypt Of st. Pauls Cathedral, still
miraculously standing after so much Of
London all about it had been battered
to rubble. The occasion was the unveil-
ing of a memorial tablet to Billy Fiske.
the first American to give his life in
this war. The singers were the still sur
viving flyers from his own squadron, and
certain young American volunteers who
had crossed the seas to make up the
Eagle Squadron. Standing together in
the candle-nt dusk Of the crypt, this
group, symbolic of Anglo-American cour-
age, sang Billy Fiske to his rest with
the words:
Mine eyes haze seen the glory OF the
coming of the Lord;
He Is trampHng out the rintdge Uhere
the grapes OF tDrath are stored"
Fragments Of the hymn came back to
our Quentin Reynolds when he was
describing that service in an overseas
broadcast addressed rather pointedly to
Dr. Goebbels in Berlin.
"He has sounded forth the trumpet that
shall neUer call retreat;
He Is sitting out the hearts OF men
before Hts judgment seat;
Oh. be stDitt, my soul. to ars,Der Him!
be 1ubtldnt. my Jeet!"
If, on that occasion, the flyers did not
sing The Astar spansled Banner" or.
Evening star., 1942-03-15
THERE WERE GIANTS IN
THOSE DA VS."

This is the second Of . series Of articles
about men who worked. fought and died that
America might live: men who made Amer
lea great by contributing their own greatness
70 country which was founded and has
the pursuit Of happiness as the right Of every
man. The third article in the series will
appear next Sunday.
Evening star., 1942-03-15

covers 80 pages. 1t begins with the era
Of the galley and the oar and-in many
weary pages-discusses matters that
have no relation whatever to the condi-
ton that confronts our Navy today. To
submarines that nearly won the World
War alone against the navies Of the
world, two pages are devoted. To air
plane carriers, two paragraphs are vouch-
safed.
mo mention Is made OF the fact, for
1t is fact, that the British fleet Of "a
battleships, nine battle cruisers, a score
of fast cruisers, 100 destroyers and 5000
anti-submarine craft, failed to command
the sea around the British islands and
left a few German submarines TO bring
Great Britain to the verge of starva-
ton. What sized feet and how
many thousands of anti-submarine craft
will be necessary to command the sea
along the coasts of the United States in
the next war?
The report of this board, considering
It's insistence upon the supremacy Of the
battleship of the present type-cannot be
defended by arguments that are based
upon the logic of modern war. On the
contrary, 1t fails to remove the
menace to our naval progress and fails
to guard the safety of the United States
as a nation"
Evening star., 1942-03-15
Witnessed Bombing Test.

Because Of his interest in air power,
he was invited to witness the bombing
demonstrations. With Gen. Mitchell he
went aboard some of the vessels during
the progress of the demonstrations to in
spect the damage caused by the various
sized bombs used. The results impressed
him deeply and led him up to another
issue on which he differed radically with
the naval authorities, the Washington
disarmament conference. Far from
shedding tears over the limitations Of
the conference, as did many Of the naval
experts of his day, Admiral Fullam de-
clared it probably saved the Nation hun
dreds Of millions Of dollars to build up
a navy for the war Of the future In
stead Of war of the past.
Had We continued to build Is more
battleships." he said, 'our Navy would
be more helpless than it is today because
there would have been even less money
available at this time to supply it with
the air force and submarines without
The Waterbury Democrat., 1942-02-16
NIGHTTIME LONDON MAKES MERRY MINUS JERRY
Hotels damned;
Bar-flieS Return
AS Bombs Cease

IL played only one night a week III
a private residence. So the subter-
fuge being employed by gambling
maestros, who earlier in the evening
were probably drinking at the Dor
chester or Savoy before going on
to business, is to rent half dozen
West End homes and have their
clier tele play from Monday through
Saturday at different addresses.
When the big hotels and restau-
rants close at midnight, night club
habitues and service men on leave
move on to the Coconut Grove, the
400, LIE Suive, the Nut House and
the Embassy to dance until four III
the morning.
ETERNAL VIGIL
Is STILL KEPT
But this is the gay, cynical face
of nighttime London. Shy, simple,
|stolid, important London Is the
umbrella carrying men from gov
rnment and private offices who
stream into the subway trains,
homeward-bound =. and down
along the Thames, the men who pilot
the barges that bring coal to the
great plants which supply light and
heat to this worlds largest city s. :.
and In the hundreds of fist aid
posts and ambulance stations and
fre-fghting depots, the civilian men
and women who continue to show
up each bombless night for duty,
alert and ready.
For no one except the. German
High Command can say when war
over London will begin again.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1942-02-16

val
building 430
daily except Saturday; 73o to $3.50 Monday and
Tuesday.
TODAY,
1000 Police Training auxiliary police
instructors: James Little, William Dwyer Wagner.
200 Audet hall 40 State nutrition class Mary Kennedy
500 Patent Button DR. Charles Engeke Miss Mary Reilly
500 p. CDVO Field meeting.
TOO Police headquarters Training school auxiliary police
TOO m American Legion home Holmes avenue Sector D. Mrs
tbs ST. church,
sectors DIT D-ls, D-27 D2a D-ao Dbl, D-34, D-35
7:ao M building Waterbury Co.. Williams
p. Community club; Melbourne.
7:3o Bunker Hill Church hall; Helen YOUTH Mary Farrar,
m. hall, street; Knitting sewing
800 p M Woodbury. air raid wardns school; Earl Howard
800 Bethel Overlook Community 2ohour first aid
class Nelson Oser and staff.
M Bucks Community house.
hour course; George v. Grady, speaker
buding Druggists class;
CROSBY high school; aid Glass; Florence
1:3O p. Anderson school gym; Mrs. Betty Afeldt
p. Junior College; aid,
13o Margares parish hail. Willow street. Mrs Doris Hart
Service; Sewing
bury Council OF Catholic Women for Chapains Aid
assn; Mary Skahan and Mrs. John White.
Audet hail. 40 State street, sewing womens
Waterbury meeting women division
Waterbury Defense Council.
TOO p. American Brass Co. (women Earl Howard
hail. 40 State street, surgical bandages; Mrs Charles
100 p M Buckingham hail. Glass;
TOO M Diocesan bureau street;
Margaret Carroll, instructor.
All fire houses start of 20hour course Tor auxiliary tn
1880 M building staff
7:3o p Elks hall; mobile unit Nelson ose and staff -
Pauline White, Florence Walker, Mrs William Rngen-
1880 D. M ST. johns church, Mrs Howard Hart
7:3o p. Prospect first aid class Leonard brauneis
7:3O p. Paul church; Fred A. Webb
auditorium Dental association class; Drs John
Bozzuto and Frank Camnsa.
800 wardens Harold Warrington,
The Waterbury Democrat., 1942-02-16
ICHAIRMEN REPORT
ON CAMP AICN HERE
Over $4,000 Collected
Here to Combat Infantile
Paralysis in City, Nation

A record total of $10,lO137 was
collected in the 1912 Miles of Dimes
campaign for the Presidents anti
paralysis fund, according to an an
nouncement by Co-Chairmen Fran
els Mcdonald and Thomas P. Cas-
sidy. All who cooperated in making
the drive success we're thanked
publicly by the committee.
OF the total collected, $1,000 was
realized in theater contributions
and $1,29O55 from the Presidents
birthday ball at Hamilton Park.
The following is list of donors,
including schools, factories and in
dividuals:
st. Joseph's school, $11.49: st.
Margaret's, $500; Barnard, $17.01;
Begnal $1103; B. w. Tinker,
$23 80; Hendricken, 1895; SIS. Peter
& Paul, $12.25; Sacred Eeart, $780, %
Chase. $3.50; Anderson, 1892;
Wildly, $3.50; briggs, $40S3; Walsh,
$26.27; Woodrow Wilson, $19.85;
Slocum, $1907; Webster, $25.32; Post
Business college, $5.74; Notre Dame,
1894; Bishop, 1927; East Farms,
So. go.
Mary Abbott, $3.50; Bunker
Hill, 5000; Bucks Hill, $216;
Sprague, $23.04; Russell, 1851;
Duggan, $3o.34; Maloney, $11.8O;
st. Margaret's Parochial, 1857;
Leavenworth, $2776; Crosby, 1922;
Hopeville, $2297; East Mountain,
1919; Waterbury Catholic high,
$10.32; st. Thomas, $1049; Kings
bury, $2026; st. AIMS, $3094;
Washington, 1922; Mulcahy, $4,74.
st. Francis, 1922; Merriman,
$12.17; st. Mary's, $3.50; contribute
tons from the stores, $60353;;; tag
day, $381.87; sports events, $42220;
Mile of Dimes stand, $2,526.49; spe-
ial contributions, $4,000; local fac
totries, $1.63732.
The Scovill Co. led with a con-
tribution of $635.38, American
Brass Co., $227.57; Chase Vo.,
1902; Oakville Pin Co., sos; Wa
terbury Clock Co.. $85; Waterbury
Tool, $83; Lux Clock Co., $49.65;
Waterbury Buckle, $22.35; Plume &
Atwood, $3.50; Waterbury Rolling
Mills, $1072; Shoe Hardware
1882; Thinsheet Metal, $1267;
Mattatuck Mfg. Co., 5000; Water
bury Button Co., $4O93: Manville
Machine Co., $25.66; Waterbury
Farrell FountN'y, $57.71; Watertown
Undergarment Co., $49.94; employees
Krodell Foundry, Sill; Patient But
ton, $3.50; Lea Mfg. Co., $685.; Ben
rus Watch Co., $2613: Simonsville
Mfg. Co., $40.