davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1942-08-16

Maneuvers working out problems Of
meeting parachute attack have just
been completed in Holland. Some of the
troops, said the German announcements
significantly, had been drawn from the
east front.
Then, rejecting again the high COM
mand's attention to" little things, the
slaughter of all carrier pigeons in Hol-
land was ordered, and Dutchmen re-
ceived instructions as to how to act in
the event OF an invasion. BY and large
the proper conduct, 1t seems, is to get
in the house and stay there. Giving the
slightest aid to the enemy is punishable
by death.
The defense of the west, in the Ger
man view, presents three major aspects
which the high command-or that part
OF 1t which can be spared from the East
has threshed out in the minutest de-
tail.
First Is the military problem-how
many divisions to have where, and the
disposition OF air, naval and specialized
forces.
Second is the unpredictable behavior
OF the population of the occupied coun-
tries. Gen. Christensen told the Dutch
to stay in the house. The British have
told them to get away from the coast
and industrial centers. The Dutch and
French have made no secret Of their
hostility toward the occupying forces.
But how much damage unarmed civil
ians can or would be willing to do re-
mains question to which the Germans
have no complete answer.
They are disturbed by memories of
st. Nazaire, where a mere British COM
mando raid stirred up a troublesome
amount of civilian cooperation.
The third major German problem is
transportation. Three divisions at Brest
are of little immediate use II the hot
spot of an invasion Is Ostend. So the
Germans, despite urgent tasks elsewhere,
have had to devote great deal Of atten-
ton and, worse still, labor and materials
to the improvement Of French and
Netherlands railways and highways.
Evening star., 1942-08-16
THREAT Of SECOND FRONT TIES UP AT LEAST GERMANS
peciozed Troops in Western Europe Estimated Fro

These unseen Germans, mostly the
most skillful OF the technicians, run and
build the railways, operate the war
industries, make and pour materials into
the service of supply and make" and
transport those millions OF cubic yards
of concrete which, again according to
German sources, have been used to
strengthen the defenses in the West.
They have expended a vast amount of
labor which has contributed nothing to
the war In the East.
Won Rundstedt in West.
Another dead loss, so far as the war
in the East is concerned is the diversion
OF some of the high commands precious
brains to the west. Some dozens of
major generals are in France and the
Low Countries worrying about those
young MacArthurs. And the man re-
puted by many to be Germany's most
competent officer, Austere Field Marshal
Gen. Gerd Won Runstedt, is making
full time job OF preparing for an inva-
sion from the west. He Is the man who
encircled the Poles south of Warsaw,
who beat the French in Flanders, and
who started the Russian campaign with
an overwhelming power drive toward
Kiev, crossing the rivers Dnieper and
Dniester
His reputation is that of master of
modern land fighting, Of operations with
vast and intricate systems of fortifica-
tions and the ponderous yet highly flex-
ible organization of German campaigns
involving millions of men.
He is not the recognized expert on
making over-water hops. That Is a de-
partment of strategy in which Field
Marshal Siegmund List is regarded pre-
eminent. 1t was Lists calculations
which were acclaimed for the over
water hop to Crete, and whose peculiar
talents, it might reasonably be supposed,
would be used again if Berlin were
thinking about an over-water hop to
England.
But Won Rundstedt is on the job In
the west, indicating that the immediate
task, In the opinion Of the Germans, Is
Evening star., 1942-08-16

needed for that last ounce of effort which
many Germans believe is necessary to
turn the tide in the East.
Estimates have placed the German
military strength in the West, fighters
idling In garrisons on the chance that
there may be a second front, at from
SO to l2O divisions between 10000 and
1900 900 men.
A million men tied up on this extended
watch on the Rhine is a conservative
estimate on the basis of present infor-
nation. And spokesmen OF the high
command. which has made a fine art
of corelating the economic effort of the
Nation to the effort of the men at the
field, have said that it takes two men in
non military occupations directly con-
cerned with the war to maintain one
man at the front.
Evening star., 1942-08-16
gua's 1,3so,2s7 Honduras l,1o5,5o4 an

gua's 1,3so,287, Honduras l,1o5,5o4 and
Costa Rica's $4,000.
Disadvantages for Costa Rica.
In voting power Costa Rica obviously
would be at disadvantage compared to
the others. Costa Ricas population,
moreover is mostly white and the liter
acy rate is high, while populations in
the other countries are preponderantly
Indian with often high percentage of
illiteracy.
Nicaragua would contribute the largest
bloc of territory to the union, its ex-
panse covering some 10000 square miles.
Guatemala would pitch in 45,452 square
miles. Honduras 44,275, Costa Rica $4,000
and Ell Salvador 1916.
The peacetime armed forces of the
union, based on the sum of the individual
armies, would be approximately $4,000
men, although in wartime, with reserves
called up, at least $1,000 trained men
could be put into the field and the
potential through draft would be well
over half million.
Guatemala now maintains the largest
army with perhaps 5000 men In the
ranks. Nicaragua, Honduras and El
Salvador have about 5000 men each in
their armies and Costa Ricas armed
forces at the time she entered the pres
ent war numbered only about 500.
Transportation facilities linking the
various countries are woefully made
quate. There is no through train service
and no through highway, although work
now is being rushed on the Pan-Amer-
ican highway, which eventually will pro-
vide continuous artery
Coffee would be the most abundant
product of the union, inasmuch as it
constitutes the chief crop of most of the
individual countries. Other items pro-
duced in abundance are bananas and
cocoa. There also are large gold and
silver mining interests, and chicle is pro-
duced on considerable scale in Qua
temala.
Throughout Central America the ter
rain Is mountainous, making transpor-
tation dif1fncult. The only present quick
transportation Is by airplane.
Evening star., 1942-08-16

GEN. FRIEDRICH CHRISTENSEN.
preparation for vast defensive actions on
the continent.
An outstanding assistant to Won Rund-
stedt is the general Of aviation, Fried
rich Christensen, military commander
of Holland. Hard flyer, hard fighter and
stern governor of the Dutch, he is, per-
haps, best known to Americans as the
one time commander of the huge flying
boat Do-X in days when aviation was
still civilians business.
christensen right now is worried
about parachute troops who might come
down in swarms behind the powerful
defenses he has laid along the Nether-
lands coast.
Fear Parachute Troops.
German parachute troops were given
the most credit Tor having taken Holland
once. Now German ground troops are
taking precautions to see parachutists
from another direction don't turn the
trick again.
Evening star., 1942-08-16

MANAGUA, Nicara gua.-Dreams of a
United States of Central America-to
be powerful in the order of Latin Amer
ican nations-have risen again and
found strong new champion in Gen.
Anastasio Somoza, President of Mica
ragua.
One hundred years ago the Central
to restore such a union and captured
and shot the leader of the movement
Gen. Francisco Morazan.
The idea. however, never has COM
pletely died out and recently with all
the Central American countries engaged
in war against the Axis, it has come
once more to the fore.
Gen. Somoza is its first out-and-out
modern champion. The other states
and their governments are reluctant If
not openly opposed. Gen. Somoza has
announced onicially that he Is ready to
resign as President Of NicaraguA and
permit incorporation of the country into
the union II 1t can be brought about.
It would be made up OF confederation
of Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Honduras, Ell
Salvador and Guatemala. It's total pop
ulation would be more than 100000
ranking it fifth among the Latin Amer
ican nations, and its territory would en-
brace 10000 square miles. of mining,
coffee and banana lands.
Meeting Scheduled Shortly.
meeting of proponents of the idea
is to be held shortly in San Jose, capital
Of Costa Rica, at which a declaration Of
solidarity with the United States of
America is expected to be issued The
declaration would express admiration
of the North American Union and agree
ment with its policies, although nothing
like move for incorporation into the
United States of America Is anticipated.
Gen. Somoza, who frequently makes
known his own personal admiration for
the United States and for President
Roosevelt in particular, is man of
blunt and sometimes slangy speech. He
expresses himself in English, OF the
American variety, with great ease.
Evening star., 1942-08-16
By John Lloyd,

There is strength and prosperity in
union," he said in an interview. "Au you
have to do is go to the United States
and you can see that. repeat that
am ready to resign as President of MIC
aragua at any time union of Central
America can be brought about"
He proposed, further, that the Presi-
dents OF the other Central american
countries give up their jobs and become
governors of their respective territories
as individual states. The other Presi-
dents have not, to date, taken up the
proposal.
Gen. Somoza's plan is that there be
created common currency, single flag,
a single customs system, federal gov
ernment, a federal army and federal
congress. He has made no suggestion
as to where the capital should be situat-
ed. Gen Morazan had the capitol of his
last and ill-fated attempt in San Jose.
But the chances OF union being
effected. at least at any early date, seem
slim. It must be taken into account
that three of the other countries con-
sidered as possible participants are under
strong and well-entrenched governments
which would not be likely to contemplate
giving up their powers with gusto. The
fourth, Costa Rica, Is pure democracy
which would have much to lose it. enter
ing into union and surrendering its
sovereignty, it found that the union itself
fell into dictatorial hands.
The forthcoming meeting at San Jose
is to be OF delegates from the various
countries, but not of official delegations.
Here is picture in outline of what a
union of the Central American nations
would amount to:
It's combined population would be g.
130,326, which would rank it next in line
after Brazil, Mexico, Argentina and CO.
lombia. The largest bloc of the popu-
lation and, therefore, presumably, of the
voting power would be in Guatemala,
northernmost of the five countries con-
cerned Guatemala's population is 81
284 900, Ell Salvador's 1,744,535, Nicara-
Evening star., 1942-08-16


The mere talk of second front in Eu-
rope is tying up the war effort of not less
than 5000, 900 of Germans most efficient
men-soldiers and skilled workers in in
dustres.
a large scale other, millions will have to
be thrown into an enterprise Hitler Is
hoping he might avoid.
The extravagant boasting OF German
propagandists, including Goebbels him
self, that a second front would be well
comed,' and that the German army is
eager to come to grips with the young
MacArthurs from America" may be re-
garded as just so much vapor. Three mil
lion men, plus the other millions needed
if the allies come, cannot be spared read
lily in country in which there is demand
for more and more men.
The 100000 estimate is substantiated
readily enough by observations made in
Germany. and by reports from trust
worthy sources in Europe.
Dispatches from Switzerland and from
Germany itself have told repeatedly of
troop movement westward, into France
and the Netherlands. Goebbels placed so
much Importance on having the world
know, that he wrote himself that it
should not be imagined that vicious
fighting on the eastern front would have
the effect of weakening our forces in
the West" The fact is, the propaganda
chieftan added, the West is being streng-
thened.
Specialized Troops Used.
And such strengthening is largely In
the department of specialized troops,
parachute and mechanical forces, which
are costly to equip and requiring long
training, and 1t the moment urgently
Evening star., 1942-08-16
By Alvin J. Sfeinkobf,

Editors Note. Back in America
after eight years as correspondent in
Austria. Hungary and Germany, AlDin
J. Steinkopf ShoUs how the Allies
threats and preparations for a second
front against Hitler are affecting the
Gern1anS)
Smyrna times., 1942-01-01
Thanksgiving 1941

By William Frederick Bigelow
Editor Good Housekeeping Magazine
Smyrna times., 1942-01-01
Origin of Word Maverick
For All Stray Yearlings

Every ranchman in Montana
knows that maverick is a yearling
calf without a brand, the property
of the first handyman who affixes
his brand to the animal, providing.
always. that he is not caught at it.
Time was when all one needed to
make a start in the cattle busi-
ness was a rope and a branding
iron.
How many are there who know
how the word maverick" origi-
mated. Capt. Dan w. Roberts, one
of the organizers of the famous
Texas rangers, in his book Rangers
and Sovereignty" explains the
origin of the word as follows:
''In the early days of Texas, say
from 1845 to 1860, the cattlemen
worked together in perfect harmony
and in each others interest. Sam
Maverick was probably the largest
cattle owner in the state, at that
time. So large was the area of his
cattle range tnat his men could
hardly get over it in one season to
mark and brand his calves. Maver-
ick was a wealthy and influential
man and the small cattle owners
looked after his interests, together
with their own.
when the cattlemen were work
ing their ranges and came upon a
yearling that was not marked or
branded, they generally conceded
that it belonged to Sam Maverick.
So common was the expression
maverick that they applied it
straight to the animal, and all un-
branded yearlings were called
mavericks. The term became gen.
eral all over the state and spread
into other states of the West, where
there was any cattle raising"
Smyrna times., 1942-01-01

three vegetables, raw or cooked,
every day.
Most vegetables are bland. To
bring up their delicate flavor cook
them in the least possible amount
of water. Cook until tender and not
one minute longer Serve immedi-
ately.
To preserve the vitamins we are
told to keep vegetables tightly COW
cred during the cooking and not to
stir them. Also, save the cooking
water. This essence contains some
of the precious vitamins and min
erals. If there is but a spoonful or
two, melt a little butter in it, or
add a bit of cream, and serve over
the vegetables. Or keep it for
gravies or soups.
The natural flavors of many vege-
tables can also be deliciously en-
hanced with sauce. For instance,
here's a new way to serve cabbage.
Cooked whole this way it looks
handsome. Tastes handsome, too.
Cabbage with Tomato Sauce
Take a cabbage and hollow it out
at the top-the hollow should be
about 8 inches in diameter and
scooped out to within an inch .of
the bottom of the cabbage. PluI
Smyrna times., 1942-01-01

such as bean.with-bacon, cream Of
mushroom or vegetable, with the
addition Of an equal quantity Of
water, are each almost a meal in
itself. Or take the smooth heavy
purees of pea, celery, or asparagus.
adding milk to them increases their
already high food value.
~ ihese are soups to remember.
Then there are several new substan.
.lal ones that are fun to try. One
Is condensed black bean soup and
.ne other q condensed cream OF DO
tato soup.
Inc cream Of potato is filed with
pig mealy slices of potato. It IL a
olend Of potatoes, onions, fresh
.aoie butter simmcret in milk un.
u the pur6s is thick and smooth.
Smyrna times., 1942-01-01

majority Of the things that the
men of most other nations only
yearn for, scarcely hoping that they
will ever be realized. Most of US will
no doubt think of these things when
we come tc Thanksgiving, deeply
grateful for the privileges we en-
Joy. Some will think Of other things,
too = that the very right which Is
theirs of kneeling or thanking God
in any way they choose was won for
them by other men who paid dearly
for it, preserved for them through
the years by the guarantees set up
by those who had dared to dare all.
These will remember that being an
American citizen imposes obliga-
tions that cannot be fully met by
thanks to God, though thanks are
due. There is, for one, the inescap-
able duty to protect and preserve
our liberties, that our children may
also share them, to defend the ma
tion against attacks either from
without or within-to dare not to
appease sin, not to compromise with
wrong. There is the further duty
resting upon each one of us to try
to make this country better as
home for all, that all may with full
hearts rejoice and be thankful.
Smyrna times., 1942-01-01

increase In the amount of flying
there will be proportionate in
crease In the number of accidents,
fatal and otherwise, with which the
air corps and the public viii be con-
fronted." the war department con-
cluded.
Smyrna times., 1942-01-01

onions and tomatoes go into it, too,
for extra flavor and nourishment.
Frequently, you can achieve
superbly hearty soup by the simple
expedient of mixing two or more
soups together. Such as this:
Sunday Supper Soup
l can condensed pea soup
! can condensed bean -with-bacon
soup
can condensed OK tail soup
3 cans water (using soup can for
measure)
Combine the pea, bean-with-bacon
and OK tail soups. Add the three
cans Of water and mix we'll. Heat
and let simmer for IS minutes.
(Makes approximately y gallon Of
soup.) Serves 81.
Smyrna times., 1942-01-01
Sleep During Full Moon

Many people think that a full
moon disturbs sleep, but there is no
scientific evidence of this point.
About the only way it could inter-
fere with sleep is by its beams
which stream into the bedroom and
make it light. Darkness is friend
of sleep. If the moon bothers your
sleep, pull the shades and turn your
back to the window.
Smyrna times., 1942-01-01
Expect Rise in
Air Accidents
Personnel Expansion Cited
As Army Officers Are
Told to Give Facts.

WASHINGTON.-T lowering OF
the average experience Of the pilots
now training for the army air corps
will result il an increase in the rate
of flying accidents, because of the
greater number of men involved
and the risks in training for mod
ern aerial combat, the war depart
ment announced in an explanation
of recent accidents to army planes.
The proficiency of the air corps
pilots and the condition of the army
planes and ground equipment are
not measured by the number Of such
accidents, but rather by the acci-
dent rate, officials stated.
"In 1910, army airplanes were
flown more than 100000 hours as
compared with about 1900 hours In
1921, but the percentage Of accidents
in 1910 was far below that of two
decades ago." the war department
said.
Give Public Facts.
The announcement came as Henry
L. Stimson, secretary of war, met
with $50 army public relations of
ficers whom Maj. Gen. Robert c.
Richardson Jr., head of the war de-
partment public relations section,
had called in from all parts of the
country to discuss publicity policy
and problems.
The secretary told the officers that
the success of the army's program
depended upon its morale, which in
turn depended upon the morale of
the people at home who supported
| it, and he warned against the feel
ing of disillusionment which would
spread if these people felt they were
being deceived.
Nothing can undermine this mo-
rale, both of the army and of the
people behind it, so rapidly and so
thoroughly as the feeling that they
are being deceived" he said, that
they are being given the real facts
about their progress and the prog
ress Of the cause which they are
preparing to defend"
The war department report on ac-
cidents did not reveal any precise
figures as to the number of acci-
dents, but merely gave percent
ages covering the various reasons
causing them.
1.-THE detailed data on accidents
maintained by the air corps indicate
that personnel errors still account
for 80 out of every 100 mishaps Of
all kinds, fatal as well as those which
result in no injury to persons and
only slight damage to property" the
] -orcsst strt<a,a A..OIoahc :aic n "a luz
or defects in airplanes and equip
ment caused but ID per cent of al
accidents and less than 6 per cen
of these were due to miscel
laneous and undetermined causes.
Personnel Errors Blamed.
AS to the fatal accidents, in whicl
one or more persons were killed
during 1910 II per cent were due Il
personnel errors, while but 4 pc
cent were caused by faulty materia
and 10 per cent were chargeable t
miscellaneous and undetermine,
factors, the war department said.
The war department pointed ou
that because Of the great expansion
Of the air corps in the last two years
the proportion Of experienced flynn
instructors and commanders of com
bat units had been greatly reduce'
contributing to a higher acciden
rate.
In closing the report warned tn
public to be prepared for further in
crease in the number of accidents
"At the same time warning
sounded that In view Of the grea
Smyrna times., 1942-01-01

water and boil
8 or until tender.
Boxing water and let
Whole with the Tomato
Sauce served in the hollow at the
top Of the cabbage.
Tomato Sauce:
teaspoons butter
tablespoons chopped onion
can condensed tomato soup
tablespoons brown sugar
teaspoons vinegar
2 tablespoons water
Melt the butter in q saucepan. add
onion and cook 1t until soft and
yellow. Then add the condensed
tomato soup, brown sugar, vinegar
and water and heat at least five
minutes to blend the flavors. Pour
sauce in the top of the cabbage
Serves 6.
Smyrna times., 1942-01-01
HEARTY SOUPS
an eUer present and to
light meals

A QUICK way to make sure a
"A light meal is as nourishing as 1t
should be is to serve q thick soup
as first course.
For example, condensed soups
Smyrna times., 1942-01-01
Next time you serve carrots, cook
them in this flavorful way:
Tasty Carrots

lHpul III lulS ndfOilui Wdy.
Tasty Carrots
2 tablespoons butter
u cup onions, chopped
tablespoons flour
Sc carrots (about inches long)
l can condensed boullon
Melt the butter in saucepan and
cook the onions until tender, but
not Drowned. Clean and scrape the
carrots and cut into fourths length
wise and then into pieces about 8
inches long. Sprinkle the carrots
with the 4 tablespoons of flour and
saute them with the butter and
onions for about 10 minutes. Add
the condensed bouillon, cover and
cook (30-40 minutes) until carrots
are tender Serves s.
Eggplant becomes a zestful cas-.
serole dish:
Escalloped Eggplant Tomato
au Gratin
tablespoons butter
tablespoons flour
III cups milk
= can condensed tomato SOUP
"A ounces cheese (sharp)
I eggplant (medium to large)'
" teaspoon salt
/ pinch pepper
| tablespoons buttered crumbs
Peel the eggplant and cut into
" inch cubes. Cook in boiling salt
water to which has been added IL
tablespoons lemon juice, for about
10 minutes or until tender Drain.
Melt the butter. add flour and
cook until frothy. Then add the
milk and cook until thickened.
Crate or cut the cheese into small
pieces and stir it into the cream
sauce. heating until the cheese has
melted. Stir in the tomato soup.
Then add the cooked eggplant and
seasoning. Put into casserole
dish, sprinkle buttered crumbs on
top and put into $500 oven for Is
minutes to brow, Tarves 6-8.
Smyrna times., 1942-01-01

When you serve this you won't need
to serve potatoes as a vegetable.
The black bean soup also is sub
stantial. The beans give 1t a rich
deep brown color. Carrots, celery.
Smyrna times., 1942-01-01

Until recent years vegetables pretty much the Orphan
u Armies of our diet Then woke up to the fact that
vegetables with their vamns and minerals essential to
well balanced diet For vitality and health must eat two or