davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1942-10-18
i. 5. Able 10 Divert
Shipyard Capacity,
Officials Reveal
Development Is Called
Reason for ConeeIIing
Higgins Contract

American construction of cargo
ships has been speeded up to such
an extent that officials have been
able to divert "excess" shipyard
capacity to the building of various
types of auxiliary vessels for the
armed forces, Maritime Commission
officials revealed yesterday.
This development, described as
unexpectedly phenomenal by Rear
Admiral Emory S. Land, war ship
ping administrator, was said by the
officials yesterday to be the major
reason for the commissions ere
luctant" cancellation of the Higgins
shipbuilding contracts.
In recent address at New York,
Admiral Land emphasized the i'm
portance of keeping the shipbuild-
Ing program, as well as other phases
OF the country's war effort, in
balance" He explained that bal
ance must be maintained between
construction facilities and available
materials and labor supply for high
est efficiency in the program.
Arranges For Meeting.
Meanwhile, the American Fedora
ton Of Labor committee investigat-
ing the Higgins contract cancella-
ton was making arrangements for a
meeting with the Maritime Com
mission.
The committee announced yester-
day that Herman P. Lane, consult
ing engineer on plant facilities for
the Maritime Commission when the
streamlined shipbuilding plan de-
veloped by Andrew J. Higgins was
approved last spring, had told it
That the plan was practical
method of building cargo vessels
cheaper and faster than could be
done at any plant in the world.
Could Have Reached Goal.
Had Mr.. Higgins been permitted
TO go ahead with his New Orleans
shipyards, Mr.. Lane said, he and
the Kaiser plants on the West Coast
could have produced President
Roosevelt's goal of 100000 tons
Of shipping in 1943.
Admiral Land attributes the re-
markable reduction in construction
time for cargo ships. to cooperative
efforts Of labor and management.
He plans to push the speed-up pro-
gram to produce needed vessels even
faster, but points out that it is USE
less to have construction ways and
workers standing by awaiting mate
rails. 1t is to prevent this lack of
balance that excess capacity has
been diverted to building auxiliary
craft, he said.
Evening star., 1942-10-18

being refused. Precautions were
taken after that, he said, with depu-
ties sleeping in the courthouse.
In today's storming the men,
armed with guns, brushed aside
Sheriff j. Press Reddoch and dis
armed him and then overpowered
deputies and took the cell keys from
Jailer Luther Holder.
Wash was taken away and hanged
to a small bridge near the scene
Of the crime.
Later five other colored prisoners,
one accused of attacking a white
woman, were removed from the
Jones County Jail to jackson for
safekeeping.
Evening star., 1942-10-18
Woman Who Knew
Lincoln Dies at 81

BY the Associated Press.
LEXINGTON, ILL.,, Oct. 17.-Mrs
Cynthia Smalley Lawrence, 90. who
knew Abraham Lincoln personally
and attended his funeral, died last
night at her home here. She was
the widow of a Union Army captain
Evening star., 1942-10-18
ToudstooIs Nav Aid War

Toadstools are being experimental
with by Australian scientists as
curt for war infections from septic
wounds to meningitis.
Evening star., 1942-08-28

ribly to be interested in pla-
tonic foundations. If men are
to be freed from want and fear.
they desire to see how this can
be done. If nations are to be
independent, the people in those
nations wish also to know how
they can achieve that organized
interdependence, which is pri-
mary need of our times.
l am not attacking the At
lantic Charter. One must re-
call the circumstances under
which it was formulated in Au-
gust, 194l. This country was
not even in the war, and Presi-
dent Roosevelt could not COM
NIT the United States to more
than platonic statement Of
principles.
Aims Being Evolved.
In August, 1941, it was also
not foreseen whether Russia
would continue to stand. And
during the entire past year, not
only the politicians, but the
masses of the people in the war
waging countries have been
forming a mind about the sort
of future society they want to
live in.
The Czechs and the Poles, for
instance, have come out for fed
Grafton. Great social changes
are occurring inside the United
Kingdom, and, although Sir
Stafford Cripps' mission failed,
it is of the most profound sig
niicance that a movement is
under way to reorganize the
British Empire, and that Britain
has committed itself to freedom
for india after the war.
The changes in the internal
structure of China, which are
revolutionary, and vast changes
in the mentality OF the Russian
people, noted by Maxim Litvi-
noff, Soviet Ambassador to the
United States, in a speech to
which too little attention was
paid, are all part of evolving war
aims.
And In this country, the speech
of Vice President Wallace before
the meeting of the Free World
Association came nearer to ex-
pressing the feelings of the
masses of the people than any
made since our entrance into the
war. Yet this speech remains an
espisode; it has never received
either real confirmation or fur
ther elaboration.
Manifesto Needs Integration.
The Commonweal, liberal
Catholic Weekly, published on
August 81 a manifesto on the
war of the greatest Importance,
bearing the signatures of the
most distinguished European
Catholics in this country: Men
like Paul Van iceland, former
premier of Belgium; Dietrich Won
Hildebrand, eminent Austrian
Catholic scholar; Jacques Mari
taine, the distinguished French
humanist; Joep Nicholas, the
great Dutch painter; Philip
Gibbs and Alfred Noyes, of Eng
land; Sigrid Undset, Norway's
Evening star., 1942-08-28
The Great Game of Politics
Professional Labor Leaders Are Blamed
For Lack Of Effective Monpower Law

but they never really yield an inch |
Of what the New Dealers so like to |
call "our social gains"
Assignment of Jobs.
Basic In the proposed "manpower
measure is REIMBURSEMENT of
these social gains" so far as they
consist-and they largely do con-
sist-of the alleged right of organ
lied labor to be exempt from the
regulation and the sacrifices and
the penalties that apply to every
other class of our citizens. Because
fundamental in this proposal is the
administration right to assign
every person, male and female, to
jobs in war work, in farm work or
in essential civilian industry.
Presumably, too, every person
thus assigned would be required to
work at such wages and for such
hours and under such conditions
as the administration deemed In the
would not be a real manpower meas
ure at all. Otherwise, it would be
joke.
A real manpower act would bring
all labor. union and nonunion, un-
der the authority Of the admins
tration. All alike would be subject
to discipline comparable to that
of the men in the combat forces.
Could Be No Strikes.
Under the right kind OF act there
could be no strikes. no wages con-
troversies, no labor trouble of any
kind. Under the right kind of act
there would be no excuse for silly
war labor boards. Under the right
kind of act all labor, for the du-
ration of the war, would have to
do exactly what the administrator
of the act believed 1t should do,
without argument and without re-
course.
This is the sort OF law that should
have been enacted Immediately
after Pearl Harbor. Despite the
time, material and money lost, it
should be enacted now. Perhaps in
his forthcoming speech Mr.. Roose-
velt will come out strongly for such
plan. but unfortunately that does
not insure action.
The fear is that the new program
may share the fate of the old seven
point anti-inflation program, which
read beautifully, was enthusiastic
ally received and then shelved. The
Presidents speeches are always
good and, belatedly, his views on
wage and farm price control now
seem sound But what the country
needs is not more views or more
plans or more talk, but more action.
Up to now on these subjects it has
had all talk and no action.
Evening star., 1942-08-28

in this administration, since we went
to war, there seem to be altogether
too many foundations laid upon
which nothing is ever built; too
many "feelers" that never are fol-
lowed up. For example, take the
question Of wage stabilization and
farm price control. In few days
now, 1t is announced, the President
will make a speech presenting a
sterilization program. This seems
good, but 1t will be recalled that he
made a speech and presented pro-
gram-the seven-point one, in fact
-four months ago. And not single
thing has been done since.
Actually, everybody in the admin
istration now-some IS months late
--favors wage and farm price con-
troll as essentials to imitation con-
troll. And, they are making great
to do about it, as though it had not
been pressed upon them long before
Pearl Harbor, only to be demagogi-
cally rejected as a device Of the rich
to grind down the poor. Now we
are going to have another speech
and another program. 1t is a typical
performance. The procedure Is first
to oppose the sound thing: second,
after waste OF much time and money
to swing around to 1t: third, to talk
about 1t; fourth, to do nothing
about 1t.
Another Typical Case.
Another typical case is the great
"manpower" proposal. Six months
ago advocates of a total war effort
insisted that the full weight OF this
Nation could not be made to count
until there was complete mobiliza-
ton of its manpower, not only for
the combat services but for all war
purposes. Some weeks ago the
/ White House swung around to this
view and announced that a man.
power measure" was being drafted
1t was expected this would be fol.
lowed by presentation of bill tt
Congress. For days the press wa,
full of commendatory editorials and
all the radio commentators dilatec
upon the subject. But, up to date
the bill has not materialized. The
talk has not been followed by action
What Is the trouble? Who hold.
up these things? Who prevents &C
ton? Could 1t be, in this case. oul
patriotic professional labor leaders
These gentlemen have held up s,
much since we went to war and thei
influence at the White House is S,
potent that it is at least reasonable
to suspect that the delay in thi
"manpower measure" is due to thei
desire to modify the idea 50 as Il
obtain favorable consideration 70
organized labor.
Exempting the unions from sacri
fice is the primary consideration a
all times with these professional;
! They below about their patriotism
Evening star., 1942-08-28
By CONSTANTINE BROWN.


News from the Russian front
continues to be bad and reports
from the Near East are not par
ticularly encouraging, but the
second battle of the Solomon
Islands has progressed satisfac-
torily, and the day may not be
far off when the Navy will be
able to announce complete
victory.
The Navy's announcement yes
terday that the Jap fleet appears
to have withdrawn from the
Tulagi area of the Solomon
Islands is pretty good sign that
such a victory is in the making.
The landing of Japanese
force at Milne Bay at the SOUTH
eastern tip of New Guinea causes
no particular disturbance in WELL
informed quarters. For one Of
the rare times since we entered
the war the japanese do not have
the advantage of land-based
planes and in combats the last
two days the American air force
has had definite supremacy.
The troops which are garrison
ing y Allied-held territory are
hardened men. None of them
had seen actual fighting before
the battle, but they had under
gone strenuous training and are
full of enthusiasm.
When Gen. Douglas Macarthur
releases the detailed story of the
land and air battle, we will dis
cover the truth of the maxim
that one American soldier is as
good as four enemies.
Beginning Of End for Japs.
The Japanese are far from
soft. They fight to the last ditch
and last man, and if the number
Of prisoners taken is not as large
as was expected it is because the
Jap fighter does not surrender
easily. American soldiers who
are fighting down under" have
been provided with everything
that is necessary in modern war
fare, from excellent rifles to
small tanks, adequate for tropi-
cal jungle warfare.
The force under Vice Admiral
Robert Lee Ghormley is more
than satisfactory. The officers
commanding the various divi-
sions are veterans OF the present
war and it may be said without
exaggeration that they are more
than a match for the japanese.
While the exact composition of
the American and japanese
forces in the Solomons battle is
a military secret, it can be as
sumed that the Japs threw a
major portion of their fleet into
this fight.
A full-scale japanese defeat in
the Solomons may prove the be-
ginning Of the end for imperial
Japan's plans. For the United
States the Importance Of the
Evening star., 1942-08-28
This Changing World
indications Point to u S. Victory in Solomons;
Naval Defect Moy Be Beginning Of End for Jops

second Solomens battle lies in
the possibility that We shall be
able to start major offensive
this year against Jap lines OF
communication between the
mother country and the recently
conquered territories in the
South Pacific.
American losses In planes and
warships are rightly kept secret.
Sea battles are being waged
intermittently over vast areas
and the enemy. while noticing
direct hits. doesn't know whether
a target has merely been DAM
aged or put out of action.
Ample Requirements.
Whether we have sustained
heavy losses in planes and ships
is a secret held by very few peo-
pie, but it is common knowledge
that we are producing and
launching many more of both
than the japanese. Ample re-
placements are already on hand
or being produced in the United
States for every plane or war
ship sunk by the Japanese.
The few Nippon shipyards and
plane factories are having a hard
time replacing the losses suffered
by the Japs in the last two
months. The much publicized
fatal blow" which the Japs claim
they dealt to the United States
Fleet at Pearl Harbor December 7
has proved to have been greatly
overestimated. Even the Japa-
nese admit it.
According to the japanese COM
munique, the battleship Pennsyl-
vania. which Axis sources said
had been sent to the bottom at
Pearl Harbor, is now in the Solo
mons battle. The effects of the
Coral Sea and Midway battles
are noticeable, too, in the Japa-
nese lack of plane carriers.
Half Of Jap Carriers Gone.
Conservative American commu-
niques issued after those battles
indicated that the Jap plane car
rier force was reduced by about
so per cent. Whatever the re-
suit of the present battle may be,
1t Is certain that at the present
time, not counting carriers yet
to be launched or commissioned,
we have superiority in this type
of ship In the Pacific.
While it is too early to cele-
brate our first great offensive
victory in the Pacific, there Is
every reason to believe that with
in the next few days the Navy
will announce the Solomons bat
tie has ended in our favor.
In Germany or Japan the re-
suits of such battle would al
ready have been broadcast to the
world with fanfare and special
communicates. The American
Navy's way is better, however
Until our victory is complete, the
battle will continue to be treatee
in routine fashion.
Evening star., 1942-08-28

ng drastic
steps that affect
large sections Of
the population
1t may be that
ven in t h e
midst OF a great
war our national
leadership, ex-
cept in matters
Of military STRAIT
egy, cannot act
without talking
a good deal be-
fore hand.
NJ We rt,heless.
Evening star., 1942-08-28

tile uSi d tiOu VI
the system.
Many letters
coming from To-
cal boards in
sist that they
have been fol-
lowing regula-
tions and are
not to be blamed
for the manner
in which the
manpower situ-
q ton as a whole
Is being ham
Evening star., 1942-08-28

policies a n d
the propagan
dizing of them.
Actually, all
we have to 60
on now is the
Atlantic Char
ter and the
F ur Ere e
dons. AS a
document, it is
pretty empty.
For the world
o u t S i e our
shores has suf-
fered too hor-
Evening star., 1942-08-28
international Policy Of U. S. Too kebuIous
As Peg on Which Oppressed Can Hang Hopes

great woman novelist, and many
others OF equal intellectual
caliber.
This manifesto, which is the
fruit of at least two years of
thought by scholars and prac-
tical statesmen who are Europ-
cans rather than nationalists,
sums up the case against fascist
totalitarianism and sketches the
fundamentals of a future world
order. 1t is a contribution that
demands integration into a pro-
gram acceptable to all who be-
lieve In the basic ethos OF
Christianity.
Yet it remains private epi-
sode, and actually there Is no
mechanism for it's 1ntegration
into the war Of ideas.
Number Of Ideas.
1t is impossible to conduct
psychological warfare-which is
a war of without ideas.
And since our ideas have not even
begun to be clearly formulated,
our ONCE of War Information is
forced to plan a strategy and
conduct a campaign without an
objective.
The result is that there is no
way of setting standard for our
psychological warfare, or de-
termining the value to 1t Of any
personality employed in it.
This, again, Is no attack on
Elmer Davis or on Archibald
MacLeish or on Nelson Rookie
feller. I am sure they all have
ideas. But they may have very
different ideas, and in any case
1t is certainly not their function
to formulate their ideas as q
basis for our policy.
Furthermore, the lack Of politi-
cal clarity in our policy confronts
them with insoluble problems.
What, for instance, should be our
attitude toward Finland? Since
we have no official attitude, the
following situation arises:
One of the people on the So
called Finnish desk in the Office
of War Information in New York
is a lady of Finnish origin. A few
days ago she was approached by
a young Finn, resident in Amer
lea, who greatly desired to assist
the American war effort, and
asked for help in formulating a
correct and timely attitude on
questions concerning Finland and
Russia.
He asked, among other things,
what could be done to improve
Russo Finnish relations. The
first answer-in English-was,
"We are in no position to give
any information whatsoever.
The second answer-in Finnish
which the lady had asked the
young man to speak, was a
straight bit of anti-Russian prop
aganda, which ended by advising
the young man to go around to
the Finnish Information Bureau
for further advice.
Advances Personal Cause.
My Finnish informant, who re-
ported the interview to me in
full. remarked that apparently
the lady had a secret policy Of
her own.
Yet here we are. allied with
Russia, and with Government
employe acting as though we
were at war with Russia, or at
least neutral.
I am sure that the lady has
been given no directions. She
is making a personal propaganda
In an Official position.
Psychological warfare has as
one OF its objects the confusing
OF the enemy. But it does not
have as an object the confusing
Of ourselves and the revelation
to our enemies Of that confusion.
To do so creates greater dangers
than to have no propaganda at
all.
(Released by The Bell syndicate, Inc.
Evening star., 1942-08-28


1t was just as
If JACK Frost
had taken a St.
a-year job In the
Once of Petrol-
cum Co = ordip.~
a t or a n d a ar%
ranged a test to
determine h ow
we Eastern-sea-
boarders a r.e
going to stand
colder h ouses
this winter. As
Evening star., 1942-08-28
By FRANK r. KENT.

Perhaps. in a great nation such
as this, it is necessary to put out
"feelers," to lay foundations and
prepare the popular mind before
Evening star., 1942-08-28
On the Record
Ry DOROTHY THOMPSON.

What l have called "the secret
theater of the war" is that part
of our struggle dealing with the
forming of major international
Evening star., 1942-08-28

THE opinions OF the wrters this their not
necessarily Stars opinions presented In The
Stars effort to otue all sides OF questions OF interest to It's
although opinions contradictory
themselves and directly opposed to The Stars.
Evening star., 1942-08-28
20 Deputy MorshoIs, !;
Other Jobs Open Here

The Civil Service Commission ans.
nounced today that the following I
positions are open in the field service
In the District: IT
Fifty men guards, at $500 d
year; 20 deputy United States mar
shals, at 81 800 year; $50 men OF.
women attendants at ST. Elizabeth's
Hospital, at $3.50 a year. and IA
men attendants at Walter Reed
Hospital. "a
Further information can be Oh.
tanned at the commissions subdis-
trict office, 80l E street NV. 81,
Evening star., 1942-08-28
Draft Appeal
Procedure
CIouded
Legal Adviser Of
SeIectees Points to
Ambiguous Wording
BY DAVID LAWRENCE,

Evidently the Selective Service
problem is of paramount interest,
for this writer has begun to receive
an increased volume of letters on
Evening star., 1942-08-28
McLemore-
Who soid Fuel Oil?
Cool Air Is Brocino
BY HENRY McLEMORF.

NEW YORK.--We had cold snap
mere a few days ago. the ther-
mometer meandering around be-
tween 81 and II for "a hours or
Evening star., 1942-08-28

A dollar from you will bring q I.
holler from the enemy. Buy . stamp
now at the nearest post Office. 80
Henderson daily dispatch. (Henderson, N.C.) 1914-1995, 1942-10-16
TUCKER CHILD DIES
AT HOME IN NCRilM,

WLgrrn>n. oct. Ii. H...,.t.
fucker, ). son ol Mr.. ana lr.. f., ID.
Tucker a.! N'rlHa. died .; .
ii 80 o'clock Tuesday .....
after IN illness ~! two d.y '
Funeral services Wee ..u.!....
from The nome N A"yI.uu I'd. 3 49,.
Thursday afternoon. with .g.. r,.. ,
+. Roach. R1p;..t miar.... . a..
Una. officiating in;"rm.
sunset HI Cemetery. ir....,
Na.N.'!n% N" N" p.g.r. ...
sister. Mrs. Thomas Nelson .
G'rs'N, rs" br".hcrs. TG,.... -r..
~ II Newport News. VI. ar. w.
liam l...."r ii Palm Beach. H.
pai"rmI "randmo'hrr. IT.. e.
Tucker 10. Vaughan. Wl....
and In" maternal grguin....- ~.
and Ms. " y. Harvey 20. r..., ID
Henderson daily dispatch. (Henderson, N.C.) 1914-1995, 1942-10-16
GERMANS EXECUTE
800 SERB pAVYInr,

london. &c. l6.-(Apl .E....
sources said today tha' e.. 80
mans had "NCrtItcd about 81. .'
charged with participation . ..,.
instruction against the r.. r..
Gu"rur$ OF iugOSlavia and .....
cupation forces recently ......
increased III III" t'bulcnt cr.u,..
ines" sources. who insisted
an"'Im'iy. said they had a..u u
formed that the Germans f.....,
ed N" supposed plot rariv ~. ......
ana mai nc chief of Tn" ,.r. ...
IN Serbia. General Bldc.. ...
$pcGai courts I" Try II" .a'
All who we're accused ,.,.. ...
ViC;ed and shot. one i.r.ru,...,
Henderson daily dispatch. (Henderson, N.C.) 1914-1995, 1942-10-16
NAZI U-BOAT YARDS
LES | RUYED BY fIkt

LONDON. oct. 16.-(AP)-A Mos
cow broadcast. heard here by Rcu-
tors. SAID today that a big fire had
put the naM submarine building
yard, AZ Trondheim. on Norw1y's
Atlantic coast. out of operation for a
long janc.
The tu.sign radio said that Josef
IGDprun. naZi commissioner for
Norway. had flown to the scene OF
ihC trouble ana that high mem
Der oi Heinrich Himmler's gestapo
had arrived in oslo.