davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-12-08
CHEST COLD
MUSCULAR SORENESS
relieved this Faction way

HtRT's HElP when q nasty cold causes
painful. agonizins chest muscle sore
ness. Soothing. comforting warmth and
relief without dosing yourself with in
ternal drugs, or using sticky, messy
plASters.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-12-08
DRAFT UNLIKELY

Mrs. c. r. H; Q-Could you tel
me how much would receive from
the government and my husband
If my husband is drafted. ! have
six children under Is years Of age
A-There is very little likeli-
hood that your husband will be
drafted. The total monthly al
lowance. including governments
contribution and soldiers con-
frihution WouId he Sl1g
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-12-08

ooUBlr ACTION. Simply rub on Pain
Expeller and this remarkable 2-way &C
ton follows. First, stimulates local blood
ness Second, gives hours of soothing,
comforting warmth, helps relieve local
congestion and make breathing easier.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-12-08
SEE DRAFT BOARD

l. Dek: Q-Can YOU tell me 70
whom TO write in Washington, ID.
C.. concerning my cousin. No one
has heard anything from him since
July. / wrote him letter but il
was returned.
A-Nrite 10 the Adjutant-
Generals office, War Depart
ment, Washington, ID. c.
a Mother: Q-My son was in
Quoted into the army on July IA,
and I looked IN him for support.
he made eut allotment forms and
was TO get my check in Novcm-
bcr To whom should I write 10
find out why / have not received
my allotment as my two girls need
clothes?
A-Write 10 the Allowance
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-12-08
Home Defense Notes:
Fingerprinting
OF Children Stirs
Jeffries' Anger
Home Defense Notes:
BY KEN HALL

Suggestion that fngerprinting is
the solution OF the child identlfl-
cation problem in connection with
possible excavations in the event
Of air raids here brought about a
Storm of indignation from Mayor
Edward j. Jeffries Jr.. OCD CO.
ordinator, AT the monthly meeting
OF the Detroit Council OF Defense.
The mayor called the plan one
smacking OF "Gestapo methods
Owing 10 metal priorities. no
metal tags will he available, the
council was told FingerprintinS
has already been initiated on a
voluntary basis in the public
school system, subject 70 parental
approval
PLAN ASsAILED
But the mayor attacked this
method. saying
This seems 10 me To he hack
ing into fngerprinting every
body In Detroit. We have
psychology that mans home
IL his castle and his person n
even more sacred. This means
the FBI, local police and other
law enforcing bodies Will hSNe
everybody's hngerprints on Ale.
II thought war was started
IN defeat such Ge~tapo tactics.
In the hysteria OF war effort,
we are asked 20 subscribe In all
sorts ~ things.
Every one with pet scheme
wraps II In the flag and presents
II ~ part OF the war EFFORT. !
am against this sort 81 thing"
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-12-08

AnvERrlsEMENT
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1942-11-21
Spain Advised
to be Neutral

Washington. Nov. 2l-INS-The
American government today Is in
receipt OF information that Crown
Prince Don Juan. pretender to the
Spanish throne, has ISSUED an i'm
portant statement in Geneva the
effect of which is extremely favor
able to the United Nations.
Don Juan. in his statement, has
urged Spain to maintain absolute
neutrality in the world conflict.
and to remain on friendly terms
with the Americas
The youthful pretender TO the
Spanish throne also said that Spai
should, II necessary. resort TO the
use Of armed force to defend its
neutrality, and should insist on
respect from the bellgcrout
powers.
In view OF the fact that the
greatest threat TO SPANS neutral.
ty is considered to be from Ger
many, especially with Nazi troops
now concentrated along the entire
Franco-Spanish frontier. the CroYn
Princes statement is regarded az
distinctly favorable to the Allies.
Don Juan's statement also as-
sured the Spanish people that lie
was mot entering into any con.
spiracy" to restore the monarchy
to Spain At the same time, ne
expressed confidence that the mon.
srchy viii eventually b. restored
in Spain
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1942-11-21
Many Attend
Lincoln Plays

Lincoln High School presented a
trio OF one act plays Friday night
TO full house. "Orchids for Mar.
garrett was character study OF
college girl Student actors were
Donna Garrod, Virginia Kluska,
kenneth VANITY. Floyd Hanson,
and Reva Wardle.
THE Travellers" was a comedy
with emphasis Of the sound effects
and unusual lighting with a setting
in hotel in Sicily. The chsrac-
tiers were workers in the copper
mines Of Sicily and wore green
makeup. Students enacting these
roles were: Kenneth Colts, Irene
Howlng, Ruth Jameson, Doris Wan
ty, George Beyier. Harold Carte,
Ruth lchstadt, and Florence ST.
korski.
The third one act play could be
classed as a cometdy or Adde'S
cence called "Orville's Big Date.
The plot evolved around the pre-.
paration OF "Orville", with the as
sistance OF his friends and their
contributions, for his first big
date. Norbert De Laroque, Eva
Baker. Beth Austin and Gesn Ho-
batter gave performances in this
play.
In addition to plays, Genevieve
and Joyce Nolde played selections
on electric guitars before the first
act. Between the first and second
acts the senior chorus sang This Is
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1942-11-21
See WAR; Page q
Fifty
in At Deaths

Salem OREGON. Nov 2l-UP-
Capt Walter Lansing OF the state
paltrc concentrated today on
l.oup Of 30 insane workers 10 his
effort TO solve the mysterious
mas murder Of a. inmates OF
The state Hospital for the Insane
Leaning the truth from this
group" he said. els like trying to
mak MO piece Of quicksilver with
your fingers
The workers were all TRUSTEES"
aho helped iu or had access 70 the
kitchen whore by means IN
known deadly mineral poison
Was added 10 scrambled eggs fed
10 400 inmates
GOV. Charles a Sprague. who
characterized the tragedy mass
murder said Lansing and his help
ors must "rcleutIassly pursue" the
lnsestrauon. Dist Atty Hayden
postponed an Inquest 10 give state
police more latitude
Only six inmates remained In
critical condition today and hos
ral authorities did not expect
more than one or two more
deaths
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1942-11-21
Circuit Court
Jurors Drawn

Names OF petit jurors for the term
OF circuit court converting Dec. /.
we're drawn today in the office OF
Mrs. Luella Smith, county clerk in
the Washtenaw County courthouse
at Ann Arbor.
They are by townships:
Mrs Flossie Shuda. YpsilanU;
Charles schultz, Lodi: Harriet Pen.
tecost, Saline; Fred Schech-
ter, Augusta; Eugene f. Graden,
Scio. David McHenney, Bridgewa-
ter: Merle Dresselhouse. Sharon,
Oscar Sterile. Lima: II. D. lngall,
salem; William X. Wilson, Web
ster; Addie w. Graves, Ypsilanti,
Second Ward; Gertrude Chamber
lain, Npsilanti, First Ward; Philip
NJ. Broesamle, Sylvan: Fred Uhr,
Manchester. Lorrain Ganong,
York: Norman Kotke, Freedom /;
Mrs. Ida Gilner. Lyndon; Emmanuel
e. Huss. PittsfieId; Mrs. Lee Fras.
or, NOr;hfield; Ben St9Dish. Dex-
ter; Thomas II. Corbett, Ann ArEor
First Ward Alex Schmpe. Ann Ar.
Dor Third Ward; Anna Byron. Ann
Arbor Fourth Ward. Mrs Euthsnia
Dorow. Ann Arbor Fifth Ward: Ev-
elyn Gushing. Ann Arbor Sixth
Ward: Miss Elizabeth Dean, Ann
Arbor Seventh Ward: Martha Nil.
sen. Ann Arbor Township; Karl
Feldkamp, Saline; Angelo Poulos
Ann Arbor Second Ward and Rachel
Hickman. Superior.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1942-11-21
Rare Beef so
Rare it Takes
Days to Get it

Chicago, Nov. 21-lNS- Bruins
wick A. Bragdon. regional director
OF the bureau OF labor statistics,
was back on meat diet toda-
after an involuntary five day pro.
tein fast.
Last Monday he received a hurry
UP business call TO New York
caught a snack and was off. A
long day OF conferences over. he
went out for tardy meal. ordered
rare roast beef. A waiter remind.
ed him II was "meatless Tuesday.
On to Washington Wednesday
for another busy day, Bragdon n.
nally got away for another belat.
ed dinner. Roast beef, rare. he
ordered again. II was "meatless
Wednesday in Washington.
Thursday morning found him in
Cincinnati. In Cincinnati IL was
"meatless Thursday.
Bragdon returned to Chicago FRI
day, which happened to be HIS own
meatless day.
Today he Toasted on rare beef.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1942-11-21
Companion of Woman Slain
in Detroit Object of Hunt

Detroit Mich. Nov. 81 ms
Police throughout the nation were
asked By Detroit authorities today
TO be on The lookout for Wayne
Banning. about 80. wanted for Gues-
tioniHe iu connection with the muir.
der Of Mrs Dod. y Munt. 35year-
old wife Of a Canadian sailor
According 10 Mrs Constance Go.
gucu. sister OF Mrs NUnt. the dead
woman was Tith Banning the night
before her battered boIy WAS tounF
Iu wecdy field near q seldom traV-
olcd road In suburban l2ncoin PARK
Police stressed the fact that
there is NOT charge against Ban
min. and thar so far. he rs wanted
merely for gHe-tiauIng. When las.
seen no was driving a cream col
orcd convertible Chevrolet, 1911
model with maroon fender skirts
and many chrome accessories Inc
Guiding Two spot IIslfs and a fog
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1942-11-21
Warning to
Air Wardens

- In a meeting Of air raid wardens
atNtae Ipsilanti High School Fri
day night, o. j., Cleary, state chief
air raid warden. warned his list
eners against indifference to the
Civilian Defense program. Be
cause OF recent allied military suc-
cesses the enemy may take a
chance and resort to air raids, he
said.
He asked wardens TO keep up
their training and develop conf
dence Of neighbors by visiting their
homes and helping them. In
charge Of Spencer Davis. chief
air raid warden of Ypsilanti. the
meeting was to stimulate interest
in the "V Home Campaign" in
which house owners will receive
badges OF honor for compliance
with defensive measures in the
home.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1942-11-21
Ranks Being Scrutinized
For Republican Chairman

In st. Louis TO select Martins sue
ceSsor.
Although there has been consider.
able maneuvering behind the
scenes by friends and foes OF Wen
dell Willkie, the 1870 presidential
nominee, party leaders Ike Senate
Minority Leader McNary, OF Oregon,
we're reported fayoring a compro-
mise selection who would lie &C.
ceptable not only 10 Willkie but TO
all prominent party members.
This view was echoed by Ralph
". Cake. oregon national commit
teeman, who has been mentioned
for the chairmanship himself.
They must avoid a scrap and I
think they will" Cake said after a
talk with McNary. I'm interested
in seeing that they don't get into
any
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1942-11-21
Many Drivers
all toObtaiin
Ration Books
Next Chance to
be December ,
in Ann Arbor

There will be a lot OF frantic
thumb waving here Dec. l IL mile.
age ration and automobile regis,
tration statistics here are an In,
dication OF the trend.
Friday. the last day for issuance
Of ration books here, total number
issued here was 1852. Since auto
mobile licenses issued to date in
Yspilanti this year total 1925,
there is definite indication that a
large proportion OF drivers are
without ration books.
The bulk OF Milan car registra-
tons are made here but the ra-
tioning was there, accounting for
part OF the divergence in the fig
ures. Industrial plants also hand.
led rationing books for employees,
further reducing the difference be-
tween the two figures.
Passenger car owners who did
not obtain gasoline rationing cards
during the registrations OF the past
week will not be able to apply for
them until December 2. the day sf
ter rationing goes into effect, the
Washtenaw County Rationing
Board office said today.
Beginning December 2, gasoline
hAAI-a h. oh fnAA In, ~
Chamber OF Commerce building,
Fourth and Ann SITS. in Ann Ar
Dor.
Three hundred and five books
for gas rationing were issued
from Harriet School The program
was handled under the direction of
Principal Eugene Beatty and resi-
dents from the community helped
out during the day. After school
teachers took over and worked In
shifts from to s.
A large bulletin board with ne
cessary questions such as do
you have the serial numbers to
your tires with you?" was placed
just inside the door. This device
was used to save time and confu-
sion.
Seven hundred and twenty seven
books were issued from Prospect
School with Miss Olive Adams,
principal, in charge. Teachers
and parents aided throughout the
day and night until $3.50 Members
OF the sixth grade met citizens at
the door giving them information
and ushering them to the registra-
tion desk. The students also
brought toys from the kindergsrten
for the small children to play with
while their mothers were register
ing.
Woodruff School issued 1897
books with Principal Floyd Smith
in charge OF registration.
Teachers and volunteer workers
worked in shifts from a. M. to
8 p. m. A committee OF five
children OF the fourth grade who
worked in three four hour shifts
meeting people at the door and
gave them necessary information.
Three thousand books were is
sued from Central Grade School
under supervision of Jack Lock
wood. Work was handled through
four different shifts by over rs
teachers and volunteers, many Of
whom worked until 9 p. m.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1942-11-21
Case Needs to
be Strong
ForArrny

Washington, Nov, q ms -
Whether rebelIing congressman
will be able TO win postponement
Of nation wide gasoline rationing
beyond Dec L. today appeared def
inltely 10 hinge on whether the
War and Navy Departments can
make conclusive case that i'm.
mediate ratiOning is a military ne
Cossity.
The congressman will obtain the
Information through a secret hear
ing set for Monday by the House
Interstate Commerce Sulcummit.
tee on petroleum which has sum
mOned high Navy and Army Off
Gals to get the inside picture.
She secret session will be fol
lowed Immediately by public
hearing az which representatives.
Of the OPA. the office Of Defense
Transportation and the Office Of
the Petroleum COOrdinat0r. 10
ED'her with spoke men for the rail
road, trucking and tire Industries.
viii testify
With Rubber Administrator JEFF
fers opposed 10 any further delays.
it appeared that postponcmeut can.
not be won except by presidential
Intervention In a Sew York
speech. letters charged that a
strongly financed western lobby
IS opposing nationwide ratiouing
but declared that despite Its Of.
forts, the program will begin Dec.
l.
II has geen made plain that II
the facts obtained by the congress
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1942-11-21

Washington, Nov. 21-AP- Re.
publican leaders. sitting party ranks
for a new national committee chair
man. we're on the lookout today for
something akin 10 a political para
gon who could:
l. Keep the various party factions
"pacifiedT.
2. Devote his time 10 building up
the party organization. and
3. Refrain from boosting the
cause OF any individual for the 1914
presidential nomination.
Despite these admittedly sti1
qualifications. Republican chief.
tains we're sorting out a dozen or
more possibilities az candidates for
the job Of Joseph W. Martin, Jr.
who Is resigning TO give al his time
% his duties as House minority
leader.
The committee will meet Dec. I
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1942-11-21
.Anti-Pol Tax
tobeKined
Forty Pledges
Against Cloture
in S,a.v


Washington, Nov. 2l2INS -
Leading foes of the anti-poll tax
bill today claimed 40 pledged Sen
ate votes against invoking cloture
and confidently predicted that the
measure will be killed for the ses.
sion on Monday afternoon.
The Senate, under general
agreement between sponsors and
opponents of the bill to outlaw pay
ment OF poll taxes as a condition
to voting, will decide the question
OF cloture at p. m. Monday.
Under Senate rules two-thirds
vote is necessary for adoption OF
cloture. II II is adopted each sena.
tor is limited TO a one-hour speech
on the bill.
Majority Leader Barley. Sens.
Pepper (D) Fla. and Norris Cd
Neb.,-leaders in the hght for the
measure-announced that they
would drop 1t IL cloture is refused.
IL am confident that the Senate
will never vote cloture on this BILL"
said Sen. Connally (D) Texas, lead
er OF the opposition TO the bill.
The southern senators who have
been filibustering against the leg
islation, it was learnd, have the
word OF 40 OF the SO senators that
Trey will reject cloture. This
would prevent sponsors OF the bill
from obtaining the necessary two
thirds vote.
There may be more than 40
votes against cloture in the final
test" said Sen. Ellender (D) La.
Pepper said that the fate OF the
bill depends entirely on the cloture
vote.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1942-11-21

plete control over milk production,
processing and distribution.
The butter order was issued at
the instance OF the food require.
mcnts committee which has been
studying the control plan, under
which tho following three steps
were contemplated:
!. RatiOning Of fluid milk con.
sumption in number OF war cent.
ors. such as Washington, St Louis.
Portland, ore, New Orleans. and
particularly congested areas in
the South.
2. Cuutailmcnt Of civilian sup
ply Of milk products such as ice
cream. cheese ana butter, and,
3. Measures designed TO keep
milk production up 10 the 1912 all
time high of 12O000, 00u0pu pound
From 3O0OO.OO0 to 350OO.O0O
pounds Of cold storage butter IA
IS principal markets OF the conn
try were temporarily frozen TO as
sure adequate supplies for Ameri-
cas- fighting forces and those Of
the nltod Nations,
The action will result in about R
10 per cent cut in the normal but
ter supply for civilians. The order,
which estimated that on Nov. /
consumer stocks Of creamery but
ter totallcd $1,000. 600 pounds. pro
vides that the frozen stocks mu I
be held untIl delivered 10 the gov
eminent. or until March VIII n
the order becomes imperative.
individual concerns must set
aside butter amounting 10 one half
Of what they had on hand Noy or
Nov. %. whichever lis higher. They
are prohibited from hlling contracts
previously made II they have TO
use any Of the government STOCKS
TO do so.
a NPB poke said that the
increased demands for the armed
forces and Icnd.loase along with the
smallest production levels in but
ter since a. CAUSED such a ser.
ious situation that ships having
available space for butter were
leaving with other cargo. because
the government could not purcha se
butter supplies
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1942-11-21
IurinPounded
by Strong
Air Force
Axis Forces in y.
Africa Claimed
Trapped

tRy International News Service.
The Raj campaign to knock
Italy out OF the war mounted to It's
highest pitch In an early morning
raid today as the greatest force
of homhers vet sent from England
to Mussoliurs domain pounded the
battered city OF Turin.
II was the second raid in three
days on North italy and the fourth
In the past week Testimony OF
the devastation 10 the Italian in.
dustrIal and shipping area was
given by a Rome radio broadcast,
a few hours before the latest raid,
which warned eloomily that "Italy's
hour has struck
The great Raj force that struck
again at Turin, site Of the Flat
airplane works, included all OF
England's heaviest type hnrbers
Halifaxes, Wellingtons, Strings
and lancasters e
The feeble enemy defense was
emphasized by the air ministry an
nouncement that only three OF the
attacking planes failed to return
to their bases.
AXIS on Defensive
Today's news from the fighting
fronts made sOrry reading for Axis
warlords who found themselves
everywhere on the defensive be-
fore the upsurge OF allied power.
Gcrman.ltaliaH forces in Tunis-
Ia were reported cut of and
hemmcd I'm on a narrow coastal
strip between Bizerte and Tunis.
The retreating Axis army in LibyA
was believed to be so weakened by
recent losses that 1t would not ba
able TO make the expected stand at
FL Agheila.
Smashed Axis armies I'm the eau.
Casus snll retreated before counter
attacking Soviet forces as the Rus
sian press predicted an early
launching OF . winter offensive,
And in the Southwest Pacific Allied
jungle fighters pressed rslsnusasly
on the japanese Invasion forces
on New Guinea. determined to
push them into tho sea.
Elaboration Of these reports
makes clearer the desperate straits
os the dictator nations American.
British and French troops were 70
ported pouring freely across The
TunIsian border. and one oolumn
was reported by tho Free Preach
radio al Brazzayllls 10 have reach
ed tho East Coast at point Is
miles south Of Tunis
If this report is correct the sas-
my Is hpmmed In on a narrov o@As-
taI strip from Tunis 70 Bissrts,
French forces meeting the osrman
Italian invaders were declared 10
be doing extremely we'll.
The British Eighth Army 10
Libya apparently has pushed on
south Of Antclat. IS miles south Of
Renghazi and within 100 miles OF
Ri Aghcila where natural defsnsss
and strong Axis Qualifications
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1942-11-21
French Near
Maj ALLIANCE

London, Nov. 2i-UP-Pierre La
val, newly created by the Nazis as
puppet dictator OF France, was re.
ported on. the verge OF concluding
military alliance between con-
tinental France and Germany to-
day.
Reliable reports from Madrid
said Laval was comforting with
Otto Abetz, Nazi delegate to Paris,
and was expected soon to leave for
Berlin to sign a treaty joining
France, militarily and economically,
with the Axis.
These reports were strengthened
by Lavsls speech to the French
people last night in which he pro.
claimed his admiration for the
Nazis, his hate for the Democracies
and a promise that volunteer le-
gions' would avenge the Insults"
the proNazis OF France had re-
ceived, presumably from French
patriots.
"A legion of volunteers Is rising
at this moment who will go 10
North Africa to fight and whom We
are not going to stop. TO give the
answer to the insult inflicted upon
France the United Press listen
ing post heard Laval say France
braces herself There is no more
rivalry or parties.
The Germans trans-ocean agency
quoted him: Never so long as |
have a say in the matter will de-
mOcracy return TO France"
He said Marshal Henri Philippe
Petain, in making him dictator Of
German-occupied France had given
him the heaviest task a man can
carry on his shoulders
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1942-11-21
Churches Plan
Services

Ministers Of Ypsilanti are plan
ming a union Thanksgiving service
for Thursday morning at 1000 IN
the First Methodist Church.
The service OF Thanksgiving
should mean more to the folk Of the
community Of Ypsilanti, this year
than ever in the history OF the
observance. Certainly the people
of our city and Of the nation have
much for which TO give thanks, the
ministers point out.
Each OF the ministers will have
part in the program and the
music Will be furnished by the
Methodist Choir Rev. Raymon
Bair will be the speaker, bringing
the Thanksgiving message.
In conjunction with his service
the Reverends Henry Simmons and
Garther Robertson will hold a un.
ion service for the colored folk 4
the city. in the Baptist Church
with Rev. Simmons preaching
Their service will be at 10 a. m.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1942-11-21

light The license number Be- DAT
As.
Wayne County Prosecutor WI.
liam Bowling said that Mrs Muat
had planned 10 leave Weduas iay
midnight FOR Toronto t0 effect a
reconciliation with her sailor hus
band Her body was found early
Thursday urning She had been
estrauecd from her husband since
Sept 1851 when he joined the
Canadian navy.
Banning was divorced from his
wife zoo May. 1912. .u Fort Wayne
Ind police said Banning Dos been
employed Jon q garage for .be last
two years and ITS pay rengrediE
averaged between $50 and $50
weekly
Single Room f0r men. shower. Con.
'naou. hot wagf Pm i53H
Adv 1921
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1942-11-21
Coffee Stocks
to be Rationed

This was the last day You could
buy coffee without a ration book
BY orders Of the Office Of Price
Administration, all coffee stocks
are being frozen effective a. mid
night.
The stocks will be frozen until
Sunday. Nov %. when ratoni1g
viii start