davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-12-12
Soldiers Name
Fdvorite Hymns

20 Come All Ye faithful and
Joy 10 the World. tho Christmas
hymns which were FIRST choice oi
Fort Wayne soldiers in recent
survey. Will he sung a. the 1C
IN. non-denominational church
services Sunday, December Is, IN
tho post theater
The Christmas theme Will hc
carried over into the sermon
which is entitled Christmas as
the Wise Men Saw It. with the
Rcv William Hoot pastor Of the
Olivct Presbyterian Church. con
Quoting the services
Regular Fort Wayne Sunday
nou-denominational services are
conducted by visiting ministers
from Southwest Detroit Protest
ant congregations through the CO
operation Of the Detroit Council
OF Churches and the Southwest
Detroit Ministerial Association.
Mass is celebrated each Sunday
AT noon for Catholic officers, en-
listed men and civilians stationed
on the post with members Of the
clergy Of Holy Redeemer Parish
the celehrants.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-12-12
Bishop Creighton
To 0rdain ; Ded(ons

Bishop Frank w. Creighton oil
the Episcopal diocese OF Michigan
will visit All Saints Church. Pom
tiac. AZ 1890 m. tomorrow. and
ST. Hlldas Mission, River Rouge,
at 4;30 p. m, preaching the ser
mon and confirming class OF
candidates at each service.
Tuesday morning. December Is
Bishop Creighton will ordain the
following three deacons 10 the
priesthood in St. Paul's Church
Flint: the Rev. Gilbert A. Runkel
Jr., assistant in st Paul's, Flint;
the Rev Charles y. Braidwood
missionary in charge Of Grace
Church, Lapeer, and ST. Johns
Otter Lake. and the Rev. Glenn
M Sawdon, missionary in charge
of Grace and st. Johns churches
Bay City.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-12-12
Ascension
To burn
Mortgage

Tho Episcopal Church Of th'
Ascension. Li,ernois and Regular
avenues. viii burn the mortgage
on the church property during .
program scheduled for 8 p. m
TUESDAY December IS the Rev
Henry r Ridley rector, announced
TODAY
l- 1919 So Marks 81 Dclray
,hcH had been organized in 1897
anna gawatcd with Ascension. and
tre present edihce WAS erected in
1921
Ascension Church was orgi.
n...t established in 1906 hy tho
Pc, Mr. Riley present rector
who has spent all ~ the 36 years
of his ministry with the same
parish
Bishop Frsnf W. Creighton Of
ftC Episcopal diocese Of Michigan,
W'l couSccrste tho church and
preach Tho sermon on sunday
December 20. AZ 10 a. a m.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-12-12
B mai David 10 Present
Brotherhood PROGRAM

The Detroit Round Table of
Catholics, Jews and ProteStantS
will present Dr Henry Hit Crane
OF Central Methodist Church as
the speaker at brotherhood serV-
ice in Congregation R'nai David,
Friday. December ls. al $50 p m.
Rabbi Joshua s. Sperka will
participate in the evenings actiy-
tiles as will Cantor MoShe Gordon,
who has arranged series Of Sab
bath melodies for the occasion II
being B'nai Davd's youth night.
all young people are urged 10
attend
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-12-12
Happenings i'm Detroit Churches

subject of his sermon Friday, De-
cember ia, at $50 p. m, in the
lecture hall of the Detroit Insti-
tute Of Arts. He also stated there
will be no sessions of the Temple S
religious school on Saturday. De-
cember 26, Sunday. December 81,
Saturday, January 2, and Sunday,
January 3.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-12-12
BETHANY LUTHERAN

The Rev. A. Zeile, president OF
the Michigan district OF the Mis-
souri, Synod, will be the guest
speaker At Bethany Lutheran
Church. East Outer drive and
Berkshire. during the morning
worship Sunday, inaugWating a
Bethany Day" program.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-12-12
LAYMEN's CLUB

The Detroit Laymen's Club is
urging pastors in this area to en-
phasize the observance Of univer.
sal Bible study during the services
The Bible study program
is being sponsored by the Lay.
mems Club, which is affiliated with
the Detroit Council OF Churches.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-12-12
CHRISTMAS FESTTN Al

Over 100 choir members from
so choirs have registered 70 sing
in the Christmas Carol Festival 70
be held in the Cass Technical High
School auditorium, Vernon high
way and CasS avenue, Sunday at
$3.50 p m, under the sponsorship
of the Guild of Church Musicians,
a department of the Detroit Coun-
Gil OF Churches.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-12-12
ST. Vincent
To Close,
Retreat

The reception Of Holy Commun-
ion at a special mass Sunday, De-
cember IL. in Sacred Heart Semi
nary viii bring 10 close the
annual retreat for the members OF
the Society of 81. Vincent de Paul
Mass viii be celebrated at s
a. m. in the seminary chapel, and
viii be followed by a breakfast
and later q meeting.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-12-12
EAsTMINSTER CHURCH

At the. evening service Sun.
day in Eastminster Presbyterian
Church, the Voice Of Christian
Youth trumpet trio will render
selections. with Or. Car
kircher, pastor, preaching on tho
theme. Losing Your Temper
Without Shining"
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-12-12
ROSICRUCIAN LECTURE

'Lemuris-the Lost Continent
OF the Pacific" will be the subject
Of free public lecture by Gilbert
y. Holloway Rosicrucian national
lecturer OF San Jose, Cal, SUNDAY
AZ 8 p m in the Federation oi
Womens Clubs auditorium, 4Sll
Second boulevard.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-12-12
Crosse Pointe Church
Names New Officers

Al p recent election in st James
Lutheran church, Crosse POinte
the following were chosen as Of
ficers Of the congregation for 1943
Fred Wuebold. president; Walter
Fleming, vice president; Louis Ner
Wiebe. secretary; Ralph TaSker
financial secretary: Eugene Rum
mel, treasurer: Edwin Wagner
elder: Fred Holmes. trustee. anc
7. r. Dahlen, Sunday school super
intendpnt
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-12-12
DETROIT ROUND TABLE

Joseph Q. Mayne. executive sec
Rotary OF the Detroit Round Table
OF Catholics. Jews and Protestants,
will attend the Midwest STAFF con-
ference OF the National Conference
of Christians and Jews. parent or
ganization OF the Detroit Round
Table. to be held December 1S in
Chicago.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-12-12
SECOND ADDRESS

Following tho CicrCy0c0S con
r'=te Doctor F1TkclSfcln Will aa-
r~css g luncheon meeting nm tho
Hotel StatlcrS BaC.ey Room. or
tho subject Religion and Recon
St~IcfIor This after program has
heer set FOR i.15- p m. and IS
Cpor 20 the public.
IN addition 20 having Wrj''"r
MANY books himself. Tho Round
Tables distinguished guest Is CO.
author with Dr William Adams
Brown and tho Rev r. ! Elliot
Enos 81 The Religions Of pcmoC-
racv. This volume contains Crceds.
doctrines. practices and moral and
social teachings Of Catholicism,
Professionalism and Judaism
Doctor FmkClSteln was also the
founder Of The Institute for Re
N-I0uS studies which is conducted
vlfh ne cooperation Of Catholic.
Jewish and Protestant scholars
~ me Jewish theological Semi
rarN.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-12-12
MT. OLIVE LUTHERAN

Members and former members
OF the Ladies Aid Society OF Mt
Olive Lutheran Church. w. Esper
boulevard and NormiIe avenue
Will attend the regular monthly
meeting in the church at 7 30 p. m
tomorrow. when the unit Will com
memorate its twentieth annlver.
sary.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-12-12
#. GRAND BLVD. METHODIST

A memorial service for Harry
M Lynch. who was killed in action
in New Guinea on November 27
will be conducted in the East
Grand Boulevard Methodist Church
Sunday evening at 7:30 by the
pastor, DR.. Frank M. Field.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-12-12
OUR SAVIOR LUTHERAN

Candlelight vespers will he held
in Our Savior Lutheran Church,
Dickerson and Elmdale avenues.
at 3:45 p. m tomorrow under the
auspices OF the Valparaiso Univer-
Sity Guild.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-12-12
CENTRAL WOODWARD

The Rev. George w. Buckner
Jr., ID. D., editor of the World
Call. missionary monthly. will be
the guest preacher at Contra
Woodward Christian Church Sun.
day. marking Centrals annual
'womans day"
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-12-12

Magic Lunch BoNeS That over
come 3 O'clock Fatigue. Stimu-
lating Rec ipe> For War
Workers" ~ Well ~ Timely
Prixe-Ninning Recipes Including
Lima Bean troquette>, English
Black Cake, Mock Turtle Salad,
Southern Vegetable Pie. All IN
the Housewives Food AlmanaCk,
That Popular Feature I'm Tho
American Weekly With This
SUNDAYS Issue of The Detroit
SUNDAY Times.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-12-12
Catholics 10 Observe
Three Ember DAYS

Wednesday. Friday and Sauur-
day December Is. lS and l9. are
Ember days, days Of fast and
abstinence for Catholics
Also Thursday December "a
the vigil Of Christmas is a day Of
fast and abstinence
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-12-12
CHRISTIAN SCIENCE

The subject Of the lesson-sermon
10 be read in all Christian Science
churches Sunday will be God the
PreserVer Of Man
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-12-12
TABOR LUTHERAN

Tabor Lutheran Church Will
honor Lorenz- Daenzer. teacher
in It's Christian day school for the
past Is years. during IN annivcr-
Sary program At p m Sunday.
December l3.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-12-12
New Officers Named

William II Rudd Of 23236 Law
renee avenue, Dearborn. is the
now president Of tho Dearborn
Highland CIVIC Association He
succeeds Thomas l.. Edwards. who
has been named honorary char
man. other nov officers arc OS-
valid Ludwig. vice president; Paul
Curtis. secretary, and Gail N Rut-
ledge. treasurer. l------ -.--.--
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-12-12
PASTORS UNION

The December meeting OF the
Detroit Pastors Union has been
announced for Monday at 1890
a. m. in the Downtown YMCA
auditorium.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-12-12

Congregational Church Will spon-
sor lecture-recital by Langston
Hughes, one of the most popular
contemporary Negro poets.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-12-12
ST. JOHNS LUTHERAN

A Christmas candle light pro-
gram will he presented in ST
Johns Lutheran Church. MayburH
Grand and Poplar at 7:30 tomor-
row evening by the mixed choir
and young ladies' chorus.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-12-12
TABERNACLE BAPTIST

Tabernacle Baptist Church Of
Ha7e' Park. announces the launch
rC o. p Christmas offering cam
usIcr 70 raise sufficient funds 10
clear the parsonage Of debt
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-12-12
TEMPLE ISRAEL

Rabbi Leon Fran of Temple
Israel announced today that "Th'
Legend Of Joseph will be th'
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-12-12
PLYMOUTH
CONGREGATIONAL

Sunday evening, December n
the lecture committee Of Plymouth
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-12-12
Bishop Tucker
~
Heads Council

The r. Rev Henry 81 George
Tucker n n. presiding bishop Of
che Episcopal Church, j. now pres
ident Of the Federal Council OF
Churches Of Christ in America.
Elected 10 succeed DR.. Luther
4 Weigle. Of Yale University, al
the councils annual meeting in
Cleveland this week. the Episcopal
bishop viii hold office for two
years.
The Episcopal Church became a
full-fcdgcd member Of the council
by action Of It's general convention
IN 1910. This marks the first time
= president Of the council has come
from the Episcopal communion.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-12-12
BEGAN AS MISSIONARY

Bishop Tucker began his career
ln Tho church as a missionary In
1912. following six years as presi-
dent of 81. PaulS University.
Toxic he was elected missionary
bishop, being consecrated in Kyto.
During the first World War, the
councils new president served as
a major in charge OF civilian rcfu-
gee work in Siberia under the
American Rcd Cross. lie resumed
ms episcopal duties following the
armlStlCe
In 1929 Bishop Tucker resigned
on account OF illness. returned 10
America. and shortly thereafter,
became professor Of pastoral the
ology At the Theological Seminary.
Alexandria, Va lie became bishop
co-adWtor of the diocese Of Viz
ginia IN 1926; bishop Of that do
ceSc in 1927, and presiding bishop
at tho general convention OF the
Episcopal Church IN 1897 Hc will
continue at that post until October
1qd3
Evening star., 1942-07-29
WASHINGTON, WEDNESDAY, JULY 20 1872

added, the lowest was Just under
$4,000, the highest well above $4,000
and the average about halfway
between.
In the end. after outcries that
could be heard in Washington, the
Government capitulated. Commis-
sary and hospital bills were wiped
out, and additional credit was given
to the colonists.
However. no longer are the liberal
terms or the outright gifts of 1885,
So available to would-be colonists.
Today newcomer must pay rent for
year and prove his intentions and
ability before the rehabilitation
corporation will sell to him on any,
thing like the original terms.
In any event, he must farm the
land, belong to the co-op-the
Matanuska Valley Cooperating AS
sociation-and sell through it and
pay regularly on his Indebtedness.
He cannot simply hold the land as
an investment.
OF the cooperative projects plan
ned for the valley, some have been
outstanding successes and some fiat
failures. The creamery today is the
largest single industry, with two
plants, and it is prosperous. How
ever, there is, in comparison, can
merry which is unsuccessful because
Matanuska canned goods were un-
able to compete in price with those
shipped from the States. Equipment
such as an enormous pea grading
machine now is a white elephant
on the hands of the coop.
The dual control in the valley
makes for considerable disunity.
The rehabilitation corporation.
a division of the Interior Depart
ment, is operated by a Government
appointed manager. This organ
ization holds the loan contracts for
the colony farms and mortgages on
the farm equipment. a
The coop, with capital loan
from the Farm Security Administra-
Evening star., 1942-07-29

tion. now operates all the COM
munity projects, including every
thing from machinery depot to
a slaughter house. 1t buys all the
farmers produce for cash, sells to
them from its store for cash. After
dividing excess money through pro-
ducers' pools, it has shown steady
profit for several years and last year
paid of $1,000 of its FSA loan.
The contracts under which the
colonists are buying their farms are
currently the most controversial is
sue in the valley. These contracts
provide that colonist may will his
property to his heirs only If those
heirs live on and operate the farm
Otherwise, the corporation has the
right to buy out the heirs and resell
the property.
Currently, the corporation is ac-
cepting applications for farms from
new colonists who do not need to be
on relief and who are not financially
embarrassed.
A new colonist ordinarily must
rent a corporation farm for a year
at $25 to $35 month. If at the end
OF that period he has satisfied the
Evening star., 1942-07-29
Missing Persons

Those hap1ng Information
concerning persons reported
missing should communicates
Nth the Public Relations Squad
Of the Police Department, Ma
ttopal 1000.
Charles Sullivan, Is, feet 1
inches. los pounds, blue eyes, curly
hair; wearing brown trousers and
tennis shoes; missing from 45l8
Harrison street NV. since Sunday.
Edith Rose Anderson, %, feet
4 inches, ITO pounds, brown eyes
and hair, scar on right side of chin
and one on nose; missing from 946
Shepherd street NV. since July II.
Paul Scott, IS. colored, 5 feet 1
inches, $50 pounds: missing from
3119 Eleventh street NV. since
Monday.
Mary Price, 13, colored, feet, 105
pounds; wearing white dress and
black shoes; missing from 1877
Savannah place Sc. since Monday.
David Simms, II, colored, feet
: inches, l25 pounds: wearing brown
trousers, shirt and cap; missing
from 1880 Corcoran street NV.
since Monday.
Alfonso Burke, IL, colored, 5 feet;
wearing brown pants, missing from
Ills Ninth street NV. since Mon
day.
Consulla Parrish, 20, colored,
feet 2 inches, l08 pounds; missing
from 1923 Corcoran street NV.
since Tuesday.
John Harp, Is, colored, wearing
blue slack suit and brown shoes;
missing from 1888 Sixth street NV.
since Tuesday.
Evelyn Hawkins, IA, colored, feet,
100 pounds; wearing green waist,
flowered skirt; missing from 8l4
Second street S SE. since Tuesday.
Evening star., 1942-07-29

corporation directors OF his ability
and intent, he Is allowed to begin
purchase on 30-year contract. re-
ceiving credit for about two-fifths
of the first years rental.
Whether the Matanuska project
ever will return to the Government
its original investment, let alone IN
terest. seems very doubtful to a
casual investigator.
The experiment has opened up for
farming tremendously rich valley,
has produced fresh vegetables and
milk in quantity for 4 section of
Alaska which never had them in
quantity before. It has given homes
to number OF INDECENT families and
started some of them toward inde-
pendence.
Evening star., 1942-07-29
The Motonusko Experiment
Valley Provides Fresh Food
For Isolated Section
AIoskons Are Still Divided on Question
Of OfSuccess and Value of Project

Success or failure? The Matd-
nnskd farm colony project has
been subject OF debate through
out its seDen years. William L.
Worden relates his on-thc-spOt
observations in tho stories for
Wide World and The Star. To-
norrom' TtDo pieDs OF Mdtn-
nuskd-an Official and a farner.)
BY WILLIAM L. WORDEN.
PALMER, Alaska, July 29.-It is
seven years now since 199 farm
! families. most of them from the
relief rolls of Wisconsin, Minnesota
| and North Dakota, were brought by
the Government to new homesteads
In the virtually untouched wilder
ness of Matanuska Valley.
This year, despite protests, per-
sonalities, dissension and disap-
pointments, Matanuska is producing
vital vegetables, milk and meat for
Alaska when the territory needs
that produce more than at any
| time since the gold rush
The question. What are the facts
about Matanuska? is one most fire.
quently asked in Alaska and one Of
the most difficult to answer
You ask two or three hundred
residents What is the matter with
Matanuska?" and you will get al
most as many different answers.
You will hear successively:
That most Matanuska Valley colo
nists are loafers and wasters, unfit
for farming or anything else.
That the colonists never had 4
chance to get out from under Gov
eminent red tape long enough to
grow anything.
That the Matanuska project never
will return the Governments orig
inal investment.
That the Coop" which operates
the creamery, restaurant and other
stores In the colony, is inefficient
and the root Of the colony's evils.
That the farm purchase contracts
are drawn to keep farmers stagger-
ing under impossible debt loads and
to prevent them from willing their
property to their children, even If
they do clear their debts.
That "the best crop raised in Mat
anuska Valley is kids"
Some Believe Project 4 Success.
You will, If you wait long enough.
also hear some hardy soul admit he
thinks the project is success. the
onlcials ehhcient and the farmers
industrious.
Somewhere between these views.
typical of the dissension which never
has quit the valley even in its most
productive year, lies the approx
mate truth.
OF the original 199 colonists. per-
haps 100 still are in the valley. al
though some no longer have any
connection with the farming project.
When the colonists were brought
up from the Middle West. they
signed contracts providing that the
Government-f1nanced Alaska Rural
Rehabilitation Corp. would furnish
each family with a 40-acre farm.
help to clear 1t and build houses and
Evening star., 1942-07-29
Body Of Mon Drowned
OFF Breezy Point Found
By the Associated Press.

0l the Associated Press.
PRINCE FREDERICK, Md. July
29.-The body Of Virgil Baughman,
Il, Of Winchester, Va, who drowned
near Breezy Point Sunday, was
washed ashore here late yesterday.
DR.. Everard Briscoe, Calvert
County medical examiner, issued q
report Of accidental drowning.
Mr.. Baughman was fishing with
friends when he dived overheard to
swim and was carried away by a
strong current. Other members of
the party threw him lifebelt, but
reported he missed grabbing 1t by a
ecant 2 feet.
Mr.. Baughman is survived by his
widow and eight children.
Evening star., 1942-07-29
Small Packers Form
Group, Say Wartime
Curbs Peril Industry
Beef and Pork Cuts
Are Reported Still
Short in District

Independent meat packers, who
say wartime restrictions threaten
10 destroy their business. are set
ting up a national organization to
represent their interests, it was
learned today.
The new organization, the Ma
t1onal Independent Packers Asso-
citation, plans q convention in Chi
cago August 11-12, and an emer-
gency committee already has called
on Gov. Darden of Virginia ask
ing relief for the present situa-
ton.
Industry Periled by Squeeze"
The packers contend that their
industry is periled by a squeeze"
between rising prices that they must
pay for livestock and Office of Price
Administration ceilings on processed
meat products. Other factors, how
ever, play a large part in the meat
shortage, including Government
buying for troops and lease-lend,
transportation difficulties and the
of season in the livestock market.
Arrangements are being made to
permit small packers to sell much
of their production to the Govern
ment under the lease-lend program
to alleviate the pressure on their
businesses, 1t was learned.
The situation in Washington re-
garding pork and beef cuts remained
short" and in some cases very
short. But hospitals, soldiers and
hotels were being supplied ade-
quately, 1t was reported, and some
grocery chains said they had ample
supplies Of virtually all meats ex-
cept pork cuts and fish.
More Gasoline Needed.
According to a spokesman for the
new packers association, the gaso-
line allowance for packers sales
men-enough for 470 miles of travel
q months only a fraction of the
fuel they need to carry on their
business, and that this factor is
forcing many small firms to give
up their businesses, since they are
no longer able to distribute their
products.
Relief TO the small packers. it
was generally believed, would loosen
up the flow of meat into the East
sufficiently to overcome the shortage.
Evening star., 1942-07-29

| barns, and finance the family until
the farm could be put on a produc-
ing basis.
The valley they came to was a
strange place to most OF them-a
forested flatland lying in a rough
circle Is miles diameter, cut by two
Icy glacial rivers. The colonists
were awed by the snowy semicircle
OF Chugach and Talkeetna Noun
tains around their new home. The
town Of Matanuska actually was no
town at all. only a weather-beaten
railroad station.
The story of what happened in
the succeeding months of 1885 and
1896 has become an Alaskan legend
and has been retold outside the Ter
ritory-with varying coloring.
Facts Are Strange Enough.
The indisputable facts are strange
enough. Some colonists lived idly in
tents while paid workmen built
their homes. A commissary was set
up and proceeded to give almost un-
limited credit for everything from
ice cream cones to farm machinery.
Hundreds OF milk cans were stored
IN the open before there was COW
IN the valley. Automobiles worth
perhaps 5000 or $500 were hired by
government representatives at 500
q month and kept for year.
what the actual cost Of those first
wild months was to the Government
cannot be gagged with accuracy be-
cause of complicated accounting.
But the lowest estimate any one In
the valley now will offer now is So
900, and other estimates run
twice that high.
Whatever the cost, the project was
IN operation in less than a year and
Matanuska peas, potatoes and cab
bage appeared on the market in An
chorage, closest city to the new
project.
The real storm did not break until
the rehabilitation corporation pre-
sented its bills for that first years
orgy OF buying, plus the necessary
expenses OF establishing the farms.
Highest Bill Was $4,000.
Estimates had been made that
each family would owe between
$500 and $500, payable over a 80
year period. When the bills were