davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1942-05-19
Wuqe Adjustment

The compromise wage increase
agreement announced for the ship
building industry clearly falls within
the specifications laid down by Presi-
dent Roosevelt when he told the
workers that the full percentage"
wage increase called for by contract
and to which they were entitled by
the letter of the law would be ire
concilable with the national policy to
control the cost OF living.
This view of the legal rights of the
shipyard workers under their con-
tracts seems to be at variance with
the Governments position in other
phases of its price-control program,
where provisions Of existing con-
tracts have been superseded by ex-
ecutive regulations. The fact re-
mains, however, that the settlement
is a commendable one, and is a graft
flying indication that union leaders,
in the higher paid fields at least, are
aware that there must be an end to
the boosting of wage levels If the
imitation danger is to be dealt with
successfully.
Under the terms Of the agreement
more than half a million workers
will receive an increase in wages
averaging about eight cents an hour.
This is about one-half the average
increase called for by their contracts
with the shipbuilding firms, amount
ing altogether to between $l25 ,000,-
900 and $50, 1000, 900 during the next
year. This increase, which ulti-
mately will be borne in large part by
the taxpayers, will be paid in the
form of War bonds, and these will
not be cashed except in cases of ex-
treme need.
Thus, the wage increases, while
they will add to the cost of the war,
should not tend to increase living
costs. And since the settlement
tends to stabilize working conditions
In the shipbuilding industry, it
should also have the effect of dis
couragilg migration Of labor and
eliminating wage dfiersntiak ~ .
Evening star., 1942-05-19
Government Finonce

Federal Budget Director Smith
read 4 lesson on fiscal management
to a regional conference Of the
Council Of State Governments this
past week that should be taken to
heart by all State and local govern
mental officials. His remarks, how
ever, bear no less Importantly on the
conduct Of the Federal Government.
Mr.. Smiths argument was, In
effect, that States and municipalities
are too prone to dip into the Federal
Treasury whenever the opportunity
Is presented, and that this evidences
a dangerous trend toward depend
ency on the central Government that
strikes at the principles Of local gov
eminent. To illustrate what he
meant, the budget director pointed
to the rush to get in on the $780,
600, 1000 Congress appropriated for
wartime community facilities, ex-
planning that applications were re-
ceived for projects totaling more
than a billion dollars. Many were
proposed to be financed entirely by
the Federal Government, and In
many instances they bore but little
relation to the war effort. In justice
to the rest Of the country, Mr.. Smith
continued, conditions and restric-
tions" must. be attached to such
Federal grants, 'yet these safe
guards may bring about gradual
erosion of the very soil in which local
government has its roots"
Instead of pursuing course that
endangers their independence, the
budget director admonished, the
State governments, now that reve-
nues are on the upgrade, should
practice all practical economy. and
build up reserves against the in
evitable slump Of the postwar era.
Otherwise, he foresaw a return to
conditions akin to those Of the de-
preston, with the Federal Govern
ment stepping In again to carry a
heavy relief load because State
treasures are unequal to the task.
Under such circumstances" he
added, "it will be difficult for State
government to preserve its sphere Of
power"
The soundness of this position is
indisputable, but it cannot be denied
that this administration has en-
couraged the very state OF affairs
which Mr.. Smith deprecates. 1t has
not been so long ago, for example,
that in the face of State opposition,
the White House sought unsuccess-
fully to get $500, ZOO, 900 appropria-
tion through Congress to supplement
unemployment compensation pay
ments in areas where plant CONVEX
Aon WAS calculated to cause idleness.
Evening star., 1942-05-19
Hemisphere Sculpture

When John RuSkin, nearly a hun
dred years ago, undertook to express
the purpose Of the art of sculpture,
he said that it rs not the mere
cutting of the form Of anything in
stone; it is the cutting of the effect
of It,"
The philosophy thus put into
language is demonstrated most
notably in an exhibition of contem-
porary sculptured works now open to
the p-blic at the Corcoran Gallery.
Thomas J. Watson, president Of the
International Business Machines
Corporation, is the actual sponsor of
the show, and in 1t he again, as re-
peatedly in the past, gives evidence
of a personal genius deserving of the
commentator OF his countrymen.
His mind, it seems, is possessed of a
particular skill for the comprehen-
sion Of the United States as a whole,
each State in q constructive relation
to the entire Union and to every
other constituent part thereof. 1t
happens, too, that he values the con-
nection between the United States
and Canada and their Latin neigh
q hemisphere vision.
And the present result Of the i'm
pact of Mr.. WatSon's energetic
perspicacity is the bringing together
Of interesting works Of sculpture
from practically every portion OF the
western side Of the globe With help
from professional appraisers Of cur
rent artistic effort, he has assembled
representative examples OF modelling
and carving in which Ruskin's ideal
has been attempted by each inde-
pendent artist according to his own
conception. OF course, wide varia-
ton characterizes the display. 1t
also Is true that the influence OF
Africa and OF the Orient as we'll as
that Of classic Greece and Rome are
obvious. Some of the compositions
exhibited might have come straight
from the Congo, others derive from
the Mayans, still others from the
totem pole Indians Of the Pacific
Northwest. But such a tie with the
Old World Is historic and need oc-
casion no surprise in this exemplifi-
cation.
What is supremely important Is the
circumstance Of cultural harmony
which Mr.. Watson has proved. The
sculptures which he has brought
together testify to an effect Of
democracy, tolerance, mutuality and
freedom. AS art, they merit atten-
tion; as artifacts Of a liberal civil
ization, they deserve appreciation.
Evening star., 1942-05-19

OF the agreement were being attained
even before the formalities Of its
negotiation were completed. That is,
the Panamanian government did not
wait until the pact was signed to per-
nit our armed forces to take over
strategic areas for air fields, bombing
ranges, airplane detector stations,
gun emplacements and such vital
war activities. Conclusion of the
agreement ratifies the accomplished
fact, and stipulates the terms on
which we are granted temporary
use Of the areas involved The United
States Is to pay only a nominal
rental Of one dollar a year for all
the public lands included, except q
$4,000 annual rental is provided
for the big Rio Hato air base, some
eighty miles from the canal. This
Government also had agreed to pay
$50 per hectare annually for private
lands it is occupying, and to share
the expense OF maintaining roads
used by our military forces. Other
concessions Of minor Importance to
this country were made to Panama
on outstanding problems Of an eco
nomic nature.
The agreement appears to be con-
Sistent with fairness and the reali-
ties of the situation, and to merit
the State Departments description
as IAN important contribution to the
security of the Canal and the defense
of the hemisphere"
Evening star., 1942-05-19
Appeals for Fair Play
In Demanding X Cards.

To the Editor of The Star
What a pathetic demonstration Of pa
triotism has been the unreasonable de-
mand for gasoline by both the laity and
members of the several professions. All
seem willing to further the winning OF
this war 50 long as nothing causes them
any inconvenience.
x cards are overly plentiful. Trained
nurses, when they use their cars in their
work, drive to the residence Of the pa
tient or to the hospital where they are
called and park during their period of
duty. Chiropractors and osteopaths
treat 80 per cent Of their cases In the
off1ce. Veterinarians have their own
hospitals to which are carried by their
owners ailing pets which are called for
by said owners upon their recovery. The
vast majority of dentists rarely make a
call on patients and in most cases when
they do so either stop on the way to or
from their office, A great many of these
professional people, however, have de-
manded and received x cards.
I am neither a criterion of patriotism
nor a paragon of truth, but I do have
self respect enough to give true state
ment of facts in an emergency of this
kind.
I have a son in the armed forces on
duty overseas and am willing to make
any sacrifice to help bring him back
alive. If the gas shortage is as serious
as officials claim, for the sake Of our
country and the safety Of the boys doing
their bit, let US play fair.
LOUIS M. CUvnLIER.
Evening star., 1942-05-19
THIS AND THAT
BIZ Charles +. Trdce1peH.

Somehow they overlook the catbird,
one Of the best Of them all.
There can be no doubt that the name
has something to do with this, on the
part of many persons who dislike, or
at least they think they dislike. the
house cat
There is, however, nothing at all IN
common between q cat and q catbird
except the cry.
This, 1t must be admitted, Is an ex-
cellent imitation. rather on the sar-
donic side, of the house cats voice.
Yet no friend of cats would ever be
fooled by it.
The catbird's meow or NEW, is sar-
castle, to a degree, as II the songster
were determined to give a critical slant
Therefore, he might be regarded, in a
very loose sense, as belonging to the
ranks Of those who dislike the house
cat. This ought to endear him to Ger
tain humans.
The truth seems to be that birds, as
. class, do not dislike cats, nor do they
have any particular fear Of them.
Cats. to birds, are simply accepted as
part Of things as they are.
On the whole, bird life is very sue
cessful in avoiding damaging contact
with four legged animals
While number of young birds are
lost every year by being caught by cats
perhaps many times as many are lost
by being attacked by other and larger
birds, and by man.
Man, prime destroyer Of himself, is
one of the worst bird enemies, q fact
which is often overlooked.
The catbirds favorite foods, as doled
out by man, are ground beef, raisins
and bread.
This particular specimen remembered
the porch railing from last year.
There could be no doubt of it at all
The first We knew catbird was in
the yard was by hearing the distinctive
cry from the porch
There was a catbird-the catbird-
on the rail. flirting his tail. and open
ing his bill to give out his meow.
He few into the lilacs, all the time
looking inquiringly at the rail
Bread Is perhaps the favorite food Of
al songbirds In this vicinity.
Cardinals like sunfower seed better,
but practically all the other species will
eat bread at any time of year
1t is not, however, particularly good
for them during the summer months.
A slice or two, every now and then,
either moistened or plain, affords the
birds both sustenance and sport. They
like to pick at the slice, and often In
dulee in = regular tug-of-war.
Tug g-of-war," what . phrasei And
don't We al know something about II,
nowadaysi
Evening star., 1942-05-19

May, somehow, seems peculiarly the
month OF the catbird.
"Catbird month";" it almost might be
called, 50 insistent Is this fine solgster
on being heard and seen.
Later he will calm down q bit, but
right now he is AL over the place" to
use . good phrase.
Sometimes people, and children, and
even birds. seem to be that way. (Now,
please don't say that children are
people, too" OF course they arel We
use people" to mean grown-ups, So
called)
II you want to have fun with catbirds,
put slice of bread on a porch railing,
either on the wood, or in some shallow
dish you do not mind getting broken.
The other day . catbird few down to
such q saucer
Starlings and sparrows, great bread
eaters, had been there before him.
There was a whole slice left, however,
and this he proceeded to sample.
Between each bite he raised his head
and gave the peculiar outcry which
gives him his name.
Meow" he called, much to the dis
gust OF Penny, who stood on her hind
legs at the screen door, chattertng at
him.
Female cats despise birds, especially
blue Jays.
Penny chatters at . great rate every
time she sees jay.
The catbird did not seem to mind the
cat in the least.
He ate away rs II no cat were within
q mile of him.
Then all Of q sudden he seized the
slice in his bill and few away with 1t.
Just how far would he get?
A slice of bread is not heavy, COM
pared with a loaf, but 1t Is too much
for the average bird.
The catbird flew perhaps 10 feet be-
fore he dropped the bread
-Four sparrows pounced on 1t imms-
diately.
The catbird landed on the arch, and
from that point gave forth his cry
Meow" This sound has none of the
personal triumph of the jays battle cry
1t Is simply an utterance.
The catbird Is undoubtedly one Of the
very finest Of all our American birds
but too many persons do not realize
this
Lacking the flash of the male cardinal
or the praise in song and story of the
bluebird, or the size Of the dove or the
vigor of the jaybird. the catbird often
Is overlooked by bird lovers
They speak a great deal of the wrens
and the chitkadeei, the nuthathes and
the titmouse.
Evening star., 1942-05-19
Praises BerrymAn Cartoon
In Appreciation Of Teachers.

HToloc3 FSef1ym1n C1ltOOh
In Appreciation Of Teachers.
10 the Editor Of The Star:
Clifford K Berrymans cartoon in The
Star for May Is Is q most appropriate
wartime service. Knowing that it will
be accepted with pleasure throughout
the United States, as we'll as in the Dis
trict of Columbia, we are taking steps to
make it available to the 900, 900 teachers
who are afilliated with the National
Education Association.
The teacher regularly IL engaged IN
. quiet and unobtrusive public service,
80 often accepted as . matter Of course
that little recognition Is accorded to 1t.
Your commendation for the effective
completion Of this unusual assignment,
Is, therefore, doubly welcome.
The sugar rationing project was re-
markable Never In the history Of SINH
lar contacts Of our Government with
its people has 20 large = number OF
citizens been reached on an important
matter in so brief time. Sugar ration
ing took four days, and outside of certain
administrative expenses involved in the
printing and distributing Of millions of
blanks and rationing cards, the cost was
negligible. Teachers are proud of their
participation in this subject. They
gladly will do their part to help main
tain the kind of Government we are
pledging our all to preserve.
WILLIAM E. GIVENS,
Executive Secretary. National Edu-
cation Association of the United
States.
Evening star., 1942-05-19
Arctic Sea Front

The bitter sea and air battle lust
fought around the German heavy
cruiser Prinz Eugen high lights the
grim struggle which is raging in
Europe's northern waters. Although
the area Of conflict extends from the
North Sea clear around the tip OF
Norway to Russian Arctic waters, the
bone Of contention Is the Anglo
American supply route to the Rus
sian ports of Murmansk and Arch
angel, SO vital to the equipping of
the Red armies on the eastern front.
The German high command ap-
preciates to the full the necessity of
checking that flow of supplies to its
archenemy. To accomplish this, it
has stationed most Of its high-seas
fleet In the shelter Of Norway's deep
fjords, ready to dash out and wreak
havoc on passing conveys. To avert
that, in turn, Britain and presum-
ably the United States have assigned
heavy naval units to this area, ready
to smash such an attempt, as the
Bismarck raid on the North Atlantic
lane was smashed last year. Both
sides maintain extensive air patrols
to watch all that goes on. That was
how British patrol spotted the
Prinz Eugen, already damaged by a
British submarine some weeks ago.
as it tried to leave its ford haven
and get home for repairs.
This shows how closely the r. A. F.
follows every German move. But
the Luftwaffe is equally alert to OBJ
serve every convoy Russia bound,
and then German submarines, light
naval craft and planes dash from
their Norwegian havenS and air fields
to do their deadly work. Unfortu-
nately, climatic and seasonal factors
now combine to render this German
offensive more effective and Anglo
American defensive measures more
difficult.
The first OF these factors is the
spring drift of pack ice breaking of
from the permanent ice fields in the
Polar regions of the Arctic Ocean.
Those countless ice foes are pressing
southwark In growing volume. To
be sure, they rarely reach the Nor
wegian coast, because they are inter-
cepted and melted by the tongue OF
the Gulf Stream which washes
around Norway into Russian waters
and keeps Murmansk year-'round
ice-free port. However. during the
late spring and summer months, the
navigable lane Is restricted by this
ice pressure to the vicinity of the
Norwegian and Russian coasts. And
that makes easier the task Of both
U-boats and land-based German
planes.
The second seasonal factor IS the
midnight sun, which abolishes dark
ness in the Arctic during this time Of
year. That makes it impossible for
conveys to hide from German air
patrols, az they do during the winter
months OF night and snowstorms.
So the Luftwaf1e has q prolonged
field day, attacking at will all around
the clock.
Evening star., 1942-05-19

source OF labor difnculties in tho
yards.
To the extent that these highly de-
sirable objectives are attained, the
agreement is one which will con-
tribute materially to the war effort.
Evening star., 1942-05-19

Letters to the Editor must
bear the name and address of
the priter, although the use OF
a pseudonyn1 for publication is
permissible. The Star reserves
the right to edit all letters NTH
q pie1D to condensation.
Evening star., 1942-05-19

@. What Is meant by blood plasnla"f
r.
A. Blood plasma is a clear, eolorless
fluid, the liquid portion of the blood
separated from the red and white cor
puscles.
O. How much lighter is magnesium
than aluminum?-C. I. L.
A. A cubic foot OF magnesium weighs
only two-thirds as much as q cubic foot
Of aluminium.
O. Please explain the term "saute" a.
used in cooking recipes.-H. P.
A. Saute means to brown food in .
little hot fat, turning It over frequently
TO prevent 1t from sticking. Less fat il
used than In frying.
G. How large does a swordnsh growr-
W. r. L.
A. A fully grown swordhsh may meas
Is feet in length from the tip Of the
sword to the end of the tail, and weigh
1000 pounds.
Q. Has the State of Kentucky abolish
ed all holidays during the WARM. B. D.
A. All legal holidays in Kentucky ex-
cept Independence Day. Labor Day and
Christmas Day were abolished for the
duration Of the war by bill that Gov.
Keen johnson signed March II. 1912.
1t becomes effective May 81.
G. How much Is the Russian rubls
worth today?-M. McC.
A. The nominal value OF the Russian
ruble is 19 cents, but accurate conversion
into United States money figures is I'M
possible because Of the lack OF an open
market.
@. What do the initials IS j." mean
following the names Of Catholic clepgy9
ID. S. G.
A. The letters stand for Society Of
Jesus or Jesuits, a Roman Catholic re-
ligious order.
@. How many blind persons are there
in the United States?-R. N. D.
A. The National Society for the Pre-
vention Of Blindness reported over 900
900 blind persons as Of January, 1910.
O. What are the three pedals on .
piano called2-M TT.
A. They are the damper pedal, the
sustaining pedal and the soft pedal.
G. In which battle did Washington
have two horses shot from under him'-
P. M.
A. This happened while Washington
was aide de camp to Gen. Braddock. dur
ing the expedition to invest Fort du
Quesne. now Pittsburgh, Pa, in 1755.
Braddock was mortaly wounded and
Col. Washington said OF himself. II luck
lily escaped without q wound. tho I had
four bullets through my coat and two
horses shot under me"
O. What is meant by q kilowatt-
hours. E. G.
A. A kllowatt is 1000 watts. A kilo-
watt-hour means kilowatt Of power
used for one hour.
@. What are some of the uses Of sugar
aside from sweetening?-A. r. A.
A. Sugar is used in the manufacture
Of alcohol, which in turn is employed for
munitions and other war purposes. In
wartime alcohol furnishes the motive
power for torpedoes. 1t is also the SOL
vent in making gelatin, dynamite and
smokeless powder. 1t is the chemical
needed to produce nitrocellulose, and 1t
enters into a number Of industries such
as plastics, that are vital to the Nations
Evening star., 1942-05-19
Huskin's Answers
To Questions
By Frederic J. Hdskin.

A reader can get the dnsper 10 any
question OF fact By Driting The Eue-
ming Star Information Bureau, Fred
eric J. Hdskin, director, Washington,
D. C. Please tnclose stamp for return
postage.
@. How does the strength Of a woman
compare with that of a man?-R. S. E
A. Women average in general about
one-haf the lifting strength of the aver
age man and about two-thirds OF the
average mans pulling strength.
c. To whom was the first Congress
sional Medal Of Honor awarded-C L. c.
A. The Office of the adjutant general
says that the first awards of the Medal
Of Honor (Army) were made TO William
Bensinger, Robert Buffum, Eiihu H.
Mason. Jacob Parrott, William Pittinger
and William H. Reddick for acts per-
formed during the Civil War.
Evening star., 1942-05-19
Americas Favorite Poems

Americas Favorite Poems
Poems that will live forever in
the hearts of Americans. The
old-time favorites from Long
fellow, Tennyson and Bryant
predominant, but there are some
Of the newer poems, including
Kilmer, Kipling, McCrae and
others Of our time. The finest
sentiments of the race are ex-
pressed in its poetry. This COL
lection has been printed in an
attractive 48page booklet. To
secure your copy inclose 10 cents
in coin, wrapped In this clipping,
and mail to The Star Informa-
ton Bureau.
Name
-----------
Address
Evening star., 1942-05-19

The Associated Press Is exclusively entitled to
the for republicatio of all news dispatches
credited to 1t or not otherwise credited in this
paper and also the local news published herein.
herein also are reserved.
Evening star., 1942-05-19

meant 20 much to me I take this op-
portunity to retain some of the pride
received from that achievement.
ROBERT I. SILVERMAN.
Evening star., 1942-05-19
Member Of the Associated Pres.

Entered as second-class matter post ONCE,
Washington, D. C.
Evening star., 1942-05-19
Letters to the Editor

Calls for Active Public Interest
In Provision Of Recreation Areas.
Evening star., 1942-05-19

@. Please explain the term "saute- a.
used in cooking recipes.-H. P.
A. Saute means to brown food in .
little hot fat, turning 1t over frequently
TO prevent 1t from sticking. Less fat il
used than In frying.
Imperial Valley press., 1942-10-15
Society
Clubs
Signal Chapter
Has Reception
For Officer

Mrs. J. N. Higginbotham who has
served Signal chapter, No. 276, Or
der of the Eastern Star, as con-
ductress during the past year, and
who is leaving the valley for the
duration, was guest of honor Wed
nesday night at an informal open
house given by members of the chap
ter at the home of Mr.. and Mrs
Bert o. Mitchell, 722 Commercial.
Here some 25 members of the
chapter gathered to honor Mrs.
Higginbotham, who received many
attractive gifts wrapped in the con-
ductress colors for this year. pink
and blue. During the evening re-
freshments were served to the
group.
Mrs. Higginbotham was in line for
the office Of associate matron of the
chapter and since she has played
an active role in Eastern Star af-
fairs, she will be missed greatly b.
her fellow members of the order
and her many friends.
Mr.. and Mrs. Higginbotham are
making their home in Vallejo, Mrs.
Hlgginbotham being in the valley
on business at present.