davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1942-10-04
Planned \! !! Agriculture
Looms, Says Wickard
In Address 10 10000
Secretary Launches Food
For Freedom Program
At Mississippi RoIIy
By the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press,
TYLERTOWN, Miss, Oct. s.
Secretary Of Agriculture Wickard
launched the food for freedom
Thanksgiving observance program
here today before rally of 10000
persons and then said the Nation
was on the verge of planned war
time agriculture to encourage pro-
duction of products considered most
useful to the effort.
Secretary Wickard in his address
said that despite the near-record
crops of 1912 under favorable sea-
sons there was no assurance the
performance would be repeated next
year and warned that the road
ahead, long and difficult, is the
only road that leads to victory"
Hope in One Direction.
Despite our great harvests, there
Is need for every pound of food and
feed and fiber that farmers produce
this year." Secretary Wickard said,
''our only hope lies in one direc-
tion-in harnessing all of our re-
sources to the task of producing
only the farm products which are
absolutely essential"
Expanding his remarks after his
formal address to the holiday crowd,
Secretary Wickard declared, I'VE
may be coming to a planned war
time agriculture under which the
Government controls materials,
loans and labor to be used con-
scientiously to encourage products
considered more useful, at the ex-
pense of Others"
: He cited watermelons and mush-
rooms as examples of products on
which the Government might offer
no assistance.
Spiritual Awakening Urged.
Calling for spiritual awakening,
Secretary Wickard said the agri-
cultural job could not be accom-
plished on dollars and cents basis
alone but said the subsidy policy
probably could be expanded.
Commenting on the new farm price
control law in his press conference
Secretary Wickard said parity or a
fair return might be achieved either
IN the market place or bv subsidies"
In his approval of the new law
he said farmers had more to fear
than others from imitation and that
the provision giving protection for
two years after the war was more
than other groups received.
Perhaps it is better to have a
subsidy than to let prices go up
and up," Wickard advised. The
issue is before the people and it
seems to have been decided. 1 think
this will be found out when the pro-
gram under the new law develops.
Subsidies may be used more and
more. After all, shipyards and mu-
nitions manufacturers are being
subsidized"
Evening star., 1942-10-04
.AFL Higgins Group
will Move Sessions
Here on THURSDAY
Son Of Shipbui|der
BIomes Steel Trust
For Contract Voidinq
BY the Associated Press.


NEW ORLEANS, Oct. 3.-An
American Federation of Labor Com
mittee investigating the cancellation
of the Higgins Shipyard contracts
here will move its sessions to Wash
ington Thursday.
Frank Higgins, son of Andrew Hig-
gins, the boat builder, said today he
blamed influences of the powerful
steel trust for termination of the
Maritime Commission agreement.
There was absolutely no reason
for stopping project that would
have given the United States not
only the ships she needs in this
war, but also after the war, a, COM
mercial weapon that would have
placed this country in a position to
compete favorably even with for
eign lands where slave labor is
used,' young Higgins declared.
The shortage of steel statements
are ridiculous he told the labor
committee, I'VE have always been
able to get all the steel we needed
for our eight shipbuilding plants
now operating and we are getting it
today.
There can't be any complaint
about the way the yard was being
built. Not one thing was done with
out the approval Of the Maritime
Commission. Every plan was
stamped by commission engineers
before it was used.
The only answer possible, is, that
what we were doing here was too
good, and the powerful steel trust
saw, as we progressed, that we were
going to build better and faster
ships, at lower cost and at rate
never before approached. They
were the only people who could be
hurt and they prevented it.
There is no doubt in my mind
that we could have eventually
reached a production of two ships a
day, and even that would probably
have been bettered."
Hotl Ross, chairman of the COM
mittee which received testimony
and information from members of
Congress, the Maritime Commits
sion and the Higginses, said after
the hearing was completed in Wash
ington full report would be made
to William Green, AFL president,
for presentation to President Roose-
velt.
Evening star., 1942-10-04
Rents
Continued From First Page ,

prior to September 30, the day on
which Mr.. Cogswell signed the order,
to file an application with the ad-
ministrator before their places are
rented.
Previously, the first rent collected
from the tenants of places not on
the rental market on January l,
l94l, or at any time during 1910,
was considered to be the legal rent
ceiling. Landlords had been urged.
however. to obtain a determination
from the administrator as soon as
possible
A rent ceiling of zero also will be
placed on all tenanted properties
for which no automatic or fixed
ceiling has been set if the land
lord fails to apply before November
l, under the terms of Mr.. Cogswells
first new order.
Four Types of Forms.
-Four types of application forms
will be available to landlords to file
requests for legal ceilings. About
as per cent of the tenanted dwelling
units in the District. Mr.. Cogswell
estimated, already are controlled by
fixed ceilings.
Application forms. Mr. Cogswell
said, can be obtained either in per-
son or by mail from his Offices at
1740 Massachusetts, avenue NV. He
asked persons ordering applica-
tions by mail to enclose stamp and
to state the type of quarters for
which they are seeking determina-
ton.
A change in Office hours to ac-
commodate persons seeking infor-
nation on rent control either by
telephone or in personal interviews
was announced by Mr.. Cogswell.
The Offices will be open for per-
sonal interviews between 30 and
pm. on weekdays and from 10 am.
to noon Saturdays.
Telephone inquiries will be han
died between $50 and 1890 am.
every day.
Evening star., 1942-10-04

bridges. the CIO leader, and the
Los Angeles Times, for pubhsneo
comment on pending court cases.
With Justice Byrnes IN the minor
ity there we're Justice Frankfurters
Chief Justice Stone and Justice
Roberts.
He wrote the decision in which I
the court. by Sd vote, reversed z
Labor Board re-employment order
and held that sit-down strike oy
seamen on a vessel in a Southern
port was mutiny, and he likewise
was in the majority when the court
held that Texas could ban peaceful
picketing that was not in proximity
to the scene of a labor dispute.
Other Court Decisions.
He also sided with the majority
when the court said it could pass
on the reasonableness Of utility {
rates fixed by a regulatory body,
and again when the rights OF patent
holders were broadened greatly In q /.
case involving shoe machinery. ,
The opinion by Justice Byrnes,
which attracted the most attention.
was that in which the court-with
Chief Justice Stone dissenting
held that the AFL Teamsters Union
in New York could not be prose-
cuted under the Federal Anti-Rack-
eteering Act for forcing incoming
trucks to employ union drivers be-
fore they were permitted to unload.
In that decision. which has been
widely criticized, Justice Byrnes en-
phasized that the teamsters were
not immune to prosecution under
ordinary criminal statutes for the
acts of violence which the record IN
the case disclosed, but he insisted
that Congress did not intend the
ti-Racketeering Act to cover
such cases.
AS he sat on the bench. listening
to arguments, Justice Byrnes al
ways gave the closest attention.
usually making copious notes. He
had told friends that he enjoyed
| the work.
The director of the Nations econ
omv and his wife have taken their
part in the social life of the Capital
where they have enjoyed a large
circle of friends. They have no
children.
Evening star., 1942-10-04
President Calls on His No. Trouble Shooter
In Choosing Hard Working Jimmy Byrnes

The powerful, industrious Senator
Byrnes, however, was far from an
administration yes" man. He was
one of the leaders who favored
the $4,000 900, 900 bonus payment for
veterans of the World War, then
forced it through Congress over
the Presidents veto. He led the
fight to repeal the undistributed
profits tax, pet measure of some
White House intimates; opposed the
Federal Wage-Hour Act as blow
at the small businessmen of the
South and also forced sharp re-
vision of the vast Federal relief
program.
He also stood by his colleague,
Senator Cotton Ed" Smith, whom
the President sought to purge" in
1888. quietly and effectively sup
porting the veteran through his
many South Carolina contacts.
Senator Byrnes also backed the
late Pat" Harrison for the majority
leadership of the Senate after the
death of Senator Robinson Of Ar
kansas in opposition to the choice
of the White House. Senator Bark
ley of Kentucky, who won by a
single vote.
When President Roosevelt sought
third term in 100, Senator Byrnes
refused to be considered for the
Craftsmanship of the Democratic Na-
tional Committee after the exit of
James A. Farley, but he neverthe-
less to a leading part both in the
preconvention strategy and in the
campaign against Wendell L. Willkie.
One of his shots was that "Mr. Will
kie does not straddle the fence. he
just leaps fro none side to another"
The -tongued administration
advocate also replied to Charles A.
Lindbergh's criticism of the Roose-
velt foreign policies, saying that the
flyer was no more qualified in this
field than "Wrong-way Corrigan or
any other aviator"
Succeeded Justice McReynolds.
Within an hour after the resigna-
ton of Supreme Court Justice James
c. McReynolds early in 19l, White
House intimate on the court said
Senator Byrnes would succeed the
caustic foe of the New Deal but
doubt attached to the report at the
time because of the place the Sela-
tor occupied in administrative coun-
ellis. OF that, it was not until the
controversial lease-lend bill was out
Evening star., 1942-10-04

his share of the load. He wrote the
opinions in several outstanding cases.
On the court Justice Byrnes was
more than apt to be found with the
majority and particularly if the
minority-as not infrequently hap
pened-Was composed of four other
Roosevelt appointees - Justices
Black, Reed, Douglas and Murphy
whose opinions usually reflect an
ultra Liberal viewpoint.
One of his principal dissents came
in the Sd decision read by Justice
Black, in which the court reversed
the contempt convictions of Harry
Evening star., 1942-10-04
Sailors
Continued From First Page

tContlnueQ from F1rSt Page.)
not retroactive, it later was made so
to include the case OF the Niblack
clothing gift.
The Elliott opinion haggled over
the definition of the word lost"
and had insisted that its correct
definition undoubtedly meant "un-
Intentional parting with something
Of value In this case the men
merely dug into their dufIle bags
the night of October 30-31, 194l, and
willingly handed dry clothing and
blankets to their buddies from the
Reuben James, who had been ished
from the Atlantic. In no way could
the transfer of clothing be called
unintentional.'
Clothing Not Returned.
The half-frozen men were cared
Tor, and where they went is as much
of Navy secret as the movements
of any other man of the service.
Whether their new assignment led
them to the other side of the earth
is not known, but, at any rate, they
did not return the clothing.
When a man enlists in the Navy
he Is issued his first supply of cloth
ing, and when that wears out, pay
ment for other issues" is deducted
from his pay.
Thus when the Niblack tars gave
up their jackets and trousers, they
had to pay for requirements. On
this score the controller general said
that II any payment could be made,
It would have to be to the men Of
the Reuben James, who lost the
clothing originally.
Evening star., 1942-10-04
Howard Park Defense RoIIv

A mass meeting to unity defense
efforts of the area and to enlist
personnel for all units of the areas
defense program will be held by the
Howard Park Civilian Defense Area
at the Mott School, Fourth and w
streets NV, tomorrow at 7::30 pm.
William L. Tancil, chairman of the
Howard Park Civilian Defense Com
mittee, pointing out that there was
work for every one In the area, asked
that those who attend bring with
them boys from IL to l6 and girls
from 10 to 10 years.
Evening star., 1942-10-04

which he was seeking to bring the
country out of the depression. Here.
his long years in the House. stood
Senator Byrnes in good stead, and
working tirelessly, often IA and 16
hours day, he helped the admin
istration program along When
ever tough or seemingly impos-
sible job faced congressional lead
ers, the assignment went to SEN
ator Byrnes, and usually when the
fight was over the administration
won.
Believes in Brief Speeches.
The sharp witted Byrnes had a
technique all his own. He seldom
made long speeches. but he did
know every clause in important bills,
and he capitalized on this. A con-
ference in the Senate cloakroom one
minute; hurried call to the White
House the next; brief floor ap-
pearance to block some unwanted
amendment or untangle a parlia-
mentary snarl. 1t was all a part
of the days work.
Opponents called him the ''fxer"
for the administration, or perhaps
the Presidents messenger boy" The
smiling Senator Byrnes just laughed
them away.
One of his popular axioms was
always, When you've got the votes,
say nothing; when you haven't
talk" That was the doctrine he
adhered to.
In 1896 Senator Byrnes sought re-
election as supporter of the entire
Roosevelt program and set a record
for his State by winning by the
largest majority ever given a can
didate in that State. He took part
in the fight to help re-elect Presi-
dent Roosevelt that year, then
joined the President a few months
later in seeking. to put across the
controversial judicial reorganization
bill He was one of the few South
ern Senators to support that pro-
poSal, and it was one of the in
frequent congressional battles in
which he wound up on the losing
side. Unlike some other admins
tration leaders, however, Senator
Byrnes accepted the compromise
defeat of the court bill and set
about to heal the deep scars the
fight had caused within Democratic
ranks
Reduced Danger, He Believed.
When the tide of court decisions
turned to favor the New Deal pro-
gram, Senator Byrnes praised these
in a speech before the American
Bar Association and commented
that they reduced the danger OF
hardening of the constitutional ar
teries that might be fatal to the
body polite"
Evening star., 1942-10-04
Chevy Chase Cadet Named
West Point Adjutant
B. the Associated Pres,

By the Associated Press.
WEST POINT, N. Y, Oct. s.
Cadet James E. Kelleher of San
Antonio, Tex, today was named
first captain of the corps of cadets
at the Military Academy here. He
filled the position during the sum-
mer on temporary appointment.
Named to Capt. Kelleher's staff
were: Cadets Rex D. Minckler of
Chevy Chase. Md. brigade adjutant;
Patrick w. Wheeler of Fort Hayes,
Ohio, brigade training officer, and
Thomas w. Brown of Fort Bliss,
Tex, brigade supply officer.
Contribute your junk to the great
est junk pile of the future-the
ambitions of the Jap militarists.
Evening star., 1942-10-04
Season on Elk Opens

DENVER, Sept. 25.-Colorado's
hunting season for. elk and deer
opened today and will continue to
November in most sections OF the
State.
The Colorado fishing season will
also continue through October.
Evening star., 1942-08-05
Uncle Rays Corner
BY RAMON COFFMAN,

Fish have scales. birds have
feathers and mammals have hair.
That. in a general way, divides three
great branches of the animal king
dom.
OF all the mammals the whales
come closest to having no hair.
Young whales have briStles about
their snouts and mouths. but these
are lost in later life except in the
case of the humpback whale.
Elephants have little hair. IF we
did not look closely we might sup
pose there was no hair on their
hides, but all elephants have at least
few hairs. African elephants are
more hairy than Indian elephants.
Most kinds of animals are COW
cred, or almost covered, with hair.
Think of the hair on tiger or lion,
dog or a pony. sheep Or a COW,
The chief value of hair is to keep
an animal warm. 1t guards against
chill winds. Many animals can be
comfortable in the open even when
the temperature goes below zero.
Usually we speak of an animals
hair as fur" but that is not always
the case. The quilts of porcupine
are hair Of a certain kind, and so
are the bristles of a, hog and the
whiskers of a cat The covering of
domesticated animal seldom is
called fur
Human beings have hair, but not
Evening star., 1942-08-05
It's Hard to Believe.

Wilmington: We've nearly come
to blows over the word CAVAL-
CADE, AS in the expression Cav
slcade of Hollywood stars" I main
tain such usage is wrong. Am
right?-Mrs. H. D.
Answer-Right as rain. Cavalcade
Is from the Latin cavalcare, "to pro-
ceed on horseback" which stems in
caballus. meaning "a horse Of
very poor kind!'
The proper meaning Of cavalcade
IS "a parade of persons on horse
back" which, even In a hashish
dream, cannot describe the process
sion past a studio microphone of the
boys and girls of Hollywood. It's
hard to believe, but it's true.
Also. Hollywood might we'll note
that the word PREMIERE mote the
final "e", nearing the opening
performance of a play or picture, -
should not be pronounced 'pruh-
MEER" or PRE- E-meo-er." AS any
dictionary will attest. the 'e' in the
first syllable is obscured. and the
accent falls on the second syllable.
Say pr m YAIR.
Know the origin and meaning
of your first namec Unless it is
unusual, you'll find 1t explained
in my new pamphlet. Send
stamped l3-cent. self addressed
envelope to Frank Colby, in care
Of The Evening Star. Ask for
FIRST NAMES Pamphlet.
(Rcleased by The Bell Syndicate, IncD
Evening star., 1942-08-05

Sammy that the reason he had not
stayed in the great, wide, wonderful
West where his home had once been,
and which he now seemed to think
was so much better than the Green
Meadows, was because he had been
caught III trap and taken away
against his will. 1t was hard work
for Sammy to believe that, for
hadn't he seen Old Man Coyote find
and dig up all the traps set by
Farmer Browns Boy, traps so cum
ningly hidden that they would have
caught any one else of whom
Sammy could think?
Old Man, Coyote saw right away
how hard it was for Sammy to
believe that that was true. 1t
f1attered him. Like most people he
enjoyed having his neighhors think
him smart. But something inside
him urged him to tell Sammy the
Evening star., 1942-08-05

Ame ica, Europe and Asia Today
there is a solitary species found in
Southeastern Asia.
Black gum will prosper on va
riety Of soils whether in swamps,
bottom lands or moist uplands
throughout the region east of the
Mississippi River and west through
Southeastern Missouri to Eastern
Texas. Their best growth occurs in
the Southern Appalachian Noun
tains of North Carolina and Tennes-
see. It is not unusual to find black
gums 60 to 30 feet high with trunk
diameter of from to feet. A few
individuals have been found tower
ing ITO feet in the air with a waist
measurement Of feet.
During the months of April. May
and June, depending, of course,
upon where the black gum is grow
ing. the inconspicuous greenish five
toothed flowers on slender downy
stems are found among the unfurl-
Evening star., 1942-08-05

after me I began to think that I
couldn't run at all. Not that l was
afraid. Oh, my, no! All I wanted
was to get beyond the reach of that
terrible gun and then I would take
care Of that dog and fix him so that
he never would run after another
coyote. But when he caught up
with me he wouldn't fight. Being
faster than me he kept out of my
reach, but the minute I tried to
run he was at my heels, swapping
and making me think he was going
to jump on me from behind. So
every few minutes I would have to
stop and try to make him fight.
All the time his master with the
terrible gun kept getting nearer
and nearer.
by and by I saw that the only
way I could get rid OF them was
to 60 into my house, and 50 started
Evening star., 1942-08-05
BY Lillian Cox Athey

ing leaves. Individual trees bear
perfect blossoms. while others bear
only the male or staminate ones
or female or pistillate flowers.
BY September or October blue
black plumlike fruits about one-half
inch long are ripe, The oily, slightly
acid pulp is very much enjoyed by
many birds and animals and &C
counts for the wide distribution of
the black gum.
The bark of the black gum is
reddish brown, broken into deep,
irregular ridges and lozenge-shaped
plates, quite like the bark of its
cousin, the dogwood.
The wood is yellow to pale brown
and has inconspicuous annual rings
and a twisted grain that makes it
tough and hard to split. Much of
the wood is used for veneerS as well
as core for more valuable veneers.
Boxes, baskets and chopping bowls
are made OF the wood. Black gum
does rot possess natural ability to
resist oecay. Science had remedled
this defect by treating the wood
with preservatives. Black gum Is
used extensively for flooring, rollers
in glass factories, hatters' blocks
and in serving in our national de-
fense program by providing the WOOD
for gun stocks and pistol grips.
When listing the commercial stand
of black gum it is usually included
with three other gums of economic
Importance. Several years ago the
estimated stand was about 10000 900
board feet Of black gum and TO-
600 900 board feet of other tupelo
gums. We have had to cut deeply
into our reserve supply to meet our
present needs for this wood.
Baby trees are often found grow
ing close to their mother and they
transfer easily in the autumn. They
are beautiful ornamental trees fol
swamp soils where many other trees
refuse to grow.
Evening star., 1942-08-05
nd How a HAIR is ~ROOTED.

fur. Almost every part of the human
body is covered with hair. but for
the most part it is very short. If
you look hard enough with a good
light you will find small hairs even
on the under part of the forearm.
On the palms of your hands, how
ever, you will not find any hairs no
matter how hard you look. Neither
will you find any on the soles of
your feet.
The best growth of hair is about
the head. MANY babies have "a
good head of hair at the time they
are born. A greater number are
bald, or almost bald. at birth, but
hair grows on their heads before
long.
The hair on baby's head is COM
monty lost within the first year of
his life. but new hairs take the place
of the old ones. In later life a
person keeps losing his hair. but
not so fast, and new hairs grow
unless the person becomes bald.
The average life of human hair
IS about three years. Some hairs.
however. live only year or two and
others live four or five years.
For general interest section OF your
Evening star., 1942-08-05
BY Art Huhto
BY Harold Gray
BY Frank willard
BY Will Eisner
Bud Fisher

for there so fast that that dog didn't.
have time to do any swapping at
my heels; it took all his breath to
keep up. Now was SO busy trying
to keep an eye on ( at dog and
I forgot all about ira S, and yet
knew that there were some set
around my home. 1t was Just care
lessness, plumb foolishness, that
led me straight into one of them.
Snap There I was caught by ons
front leg! OF course it hurt dread
fully and frightened me more, and
danced around. Snap! Another
trap had me by the hind leg! Care
lessness, nothing but carelessness,
that took me away from my old
home in the great, wide, wonderful
West"
Old Man Coyote sighed, and
Jay waited In vain for him
to speak again.
Evening star., 1942-08-05

truth, even though afterWard
Sammy might not think him so
smart
II was careless" said he. Il knew
about traps. Yes, sir, knew almost
as much about them as I do now
but I was careless. And that goes
to show that 1t isn't always how
much we know: but what use we
make of what we know that counts
My mother had taught me all about
traps. She had taken me where
they were set and showed me Just
how to find them and dig them out
without getting caught. We used
to do it just for fun, and then eat
the bait that was left there. I was
young then and strong -headed. It
Is bad thing to be strong headed! +"
Old Man Coyote shook. his head
mournfully.
After a while I thought I knew