davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1942-03-17
Draft Of Lifeboaf Crew
Averfed by Public CIamor
BY tie Associated Press.


CROMER, Norfolk, England
March 17.-Calls to arms for seven
gnarled, weather-beaten seamen OF
the 15-man Cromer lifeboat crew
have been rescinded In answer to
public clamor that the team which
has rescued more shipwrecked mar
liners than any other In England be
kept intact.
The argument Of this proud little
town, taken up by the English press,
was that other men may be given
the job of taking lives, but the
Cromer crew should continue to save
them.
Ernest Bevin, Minister of Labor
and National Service. realizing he
would have a storm to contend with
If the men were taken from their
jobs, announced there was no dan
ger of their being called in the near
future.
Volunteers were ready to replace
them-but only old men, scarcely
able to withstand the hazards OF
stormy seas, mines and swooping
machine-gunnlng enemy airplanes.
In two years of war the Cromer
crew has saved 600 lives. Cromer is
$50 miles across the North Sea from
Germany.
Evening star., 1942-03-17
Britain S Clothes Ration
Will Be Cut 0ne-Fourth
Rv tht Associated Press.

Bv The Associated Press.
LONDON, March ia reduction
Of about one-fourth in Britains
clothes ration starting June from
66 coupons year to rate slightly
over 51-was announced today by
Hugh Dalton. president of the Board
of Trade, speaking IN press con-
ference.
Sixty coupons will be issued for
a l4-month peroid. Only 20 of these
will be available between June and
October 10 and the remaining 40
must last until the end of July,
1943.
Coupons on the current card will
be valid until october 10. The prac-
tice of giving extra coupon awards
to children and workers with special
needs will be continued.
Some 10000 900 industrial workers
will not be asked to bear the full
cut, most of them getting 10 sup
Elementary coupons which will be
valid after October 10.
Mr.. Dalton said the reduced ra-
ton would affect persons mainly in
sedentary occupations and those liv-
ing at home.
An order was said to be expected
this week prohibiting double
breasted suits and trouser cuffs and
limiting the number of pockets in
garments.
Under Britain's rationing system
the 66 coupons would buy a suit,
raincoat. pair of pajamas. pair of
shoes. pair of socks, shirt and two
handkerchiefs.
Evening star., 1942-03-17
British Move Tanks
And Infantry Up 10
Aid Forces in Burma
Units Crashing Through
Jungle Areas Toword
Touneoo and Prone
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
LONDON, March 17.-British
tanks and infantry, with the aid
of Sufficient" air support, were
reported today to be crashing
through the Burmese jungles to
guard the battered, but unbeaten,
main imperial army from Japa-
nese columns feeling their way
north along the roads from RAN
goon to Toungoo and to Prone.
Military commentators predicted
the British imperials and their Chi
nese allies would use these last two
towns as the bases for their eventual
drives on the Japanese, who have
reached Nyaunglebin, 10 miles be-
low Toungoo, and Taikkyi, lis miles
south Of Prone. But they declared
any offensive would be loosed only
after 1t. Gen. H. r. G. Alexander
had rested the bulk of his weary
forces and had been strengthened
by troops from India.
Reinforcement Held Possible.
Informed sources said such rein
forcement by land was possible,
though it would be slow process.
London circles were more opti-
mistic over the chances of halting
the japanese in Burma than they
have been for some time, and drew
much of their optimism from the
evidence that everything is being
done to rally Indians to the defense
of their nation.
Viceroy Lord Linhthgow. in a
speech addressed to the Chamber of
Evening star., 1942-03-17
Surprise Total BIockout Here
Planned Within Two Weeks
Definite Time Won't Be Set for Test;
Warning to Be Sounded by Sirens

likely. BY this time, he added, all
Washingtonians should be prepared
to screen windows quickly that
they may continue normal life with
in their homes during a blackout Of
any duration.
Capt. Clemens was outlining the
operation of the local civilian de-
fense setup to approximately 200
women, who are taking an intensive
course to prepare them for work
in information booths throughout
the city after an air raid. Their
duties viii consist principally of
keeping track of all persons re-
siding in their respective areas and,
after a raid. to learn what services
bombing victims may need and
where they may be obtained.
The women who take up the in
formation work are to cooperate
closely with area wardens. In addi-
ton to having at hand information
about all families in the area, they
also must know the locations Of
casualty stations, emergency feeding
stations, schools, churches, possible
bomb targets, etc.
The class is being conducted by
the emergency information service
of the Metropolitan once Of Ci-
villain Defense.
Evening star., 1942-03-17
Col. Louis Johnson Named
U.S.. Minister 10 India

Col. Louis M. johnson, former
Assistant Secretary of War, has been
chosen as United States Minister
to India, the White House an
nounced yesterday. Col. johnson now
heads the special American technical
and economical mission to India
recently appointed for the co-ordin-
alton of the Far Eastern Allied war
effort.
Col. johnson will have the local
rank of minister-a modifying des-
ignation which means that he will
have diplomatic status only as
long as he is in India. The man
he succeeds, r. w. Wilson, also has
the local rank of minister although
his title is High Commissioner.
Sir Girja Shanker Bajpai, India's
representative here. has the local
rank of minister, with the title Of
Agent General.
The appointment of Col. johnson,
an important American political
figure, is expected to enhance the
importance of United States di-
plomacy in India.
Evening star., 1942-03-17
Merchantmen Sunk,
Nazi Ship Seized by
Uruguayan Officials
II of Crewmen Missing;
Property of Axis
Nationals Guarded
BY the Associated Press.

Os VIZ EooOSidttO
MONTEVIDEO, Uruguay, March
17.-Announcing that the 5,785-
ton Uruguayan merchant ship
Montevideo had been torpedoed
off Haiti with the loss of II men,
the government today ordered
seizure of the interned German
ship Tacoma in reprisal.
The 8,268-ton Tacoma was the
supply ship for the German pocket
battleship Admiral Graf Spec, de-
stroyed off Montevideo by Adolf
Hitler's orders after being defeated
by British cruisers in December 1899.
The Takoma has been here ever
since.
The Montevideo, formerly the Ital-
ian Adamello, was sunk off Jere-
mie, Haiti and only 81 of her crew
of the 40 have been accounted for,
the government announcement said.
Public excitement over the sinking
caused authorities to throw guards
around property of Axis nationals.
Meanwhile, maritime police went
aboard the interned Tacoma and
ordered her crew ashore.
The Government suspended all
further sailings of Uruguyan mer-
chantmen until arrangements could
be made f& their protection. 1t
was understood the Government
planned to arm these vessels.
Jeremie, on the northwestern spur
of Haiti, is about 125 miles across
Mona passage from Guantanamo,
the United States Cuban naval base.
GUAM said he had no further de-
tails on the Montevideo.
Uruguay thus became the third
South American Nation whose ships
have been attacked by Axis sub
marines in United States waters.
The Montevideo was placed under
protective custody" at Montevideo
last April S after seizure by the
United States of all italian, Danish
and Nazi ships in American ports.
In May the Uruguayans allowed
her Italian crew to return to the ship
under police guard. In September
q government decree made it pos
sible for Uruguay to seize her for
the duration of war
Built in 1920, the vessel was placed
in trade between Uruguay and
American ports.
Her sinking was the sixth suffered
by South American nations in the
current U-boat drive. Four Brazilian
Evening star., 1942-03-17
.Tornadoes Kill 148
And Injure 1000
In Seven States
Property Loss Millions;
73 Are Known Dead
In Mississippi

By the Associated Press.
Striking through warm spring
air, tornadoes tore at seven
Southern and Midwestern States
yesterday. killing las or more.
injuring around 1000 and smash
ing property worth millions.
Terrific winds cut across the
northwestern section of Mississippi
where at least 73 were known dead
and approximately $50 others in
jured.
High winds also left a trail
of death and destruction in West
ern Kentucky and Tennessee. struck
south-central Illinois. central In
diana and killed at least 20 in east.
central Illinois.
The lethal winds cut across the
northwestern tip of Alabama, kill
ing two near Florence. and severe
storms were reported as far west as
Missouri.
The toll of dead and estimated
number of injured by States.
Evening star., 1942-03-17
jap Naval Force
Reported Moving
Toword Dominion

By the Associated Press.
The arrival of Gen. Douglas
Macarthur in Australia today to
take over supreme command of
United Nations forces In the
Southwest Pacific was coincident
with receipt of dispatches to
some London papers from Aus
tralia that the Japanese naval
force in the invasion of Java
now is moving southwark on
Australia.
Informed sources IN London were
unable to confirm the reports. The
japanese force was said to COM
prise cruisers. airplane carriers and
scores OF destroyers.
Japs Mass Air Reinforeements.
These reports appeared after Sec
retary Of War Stimson disclosed
last night That United States troops
and Air Corps personnel "in con-
siderable numbers" have arrived in
Australia, thus holding forth a
promise of eventual offensive action
against Japan.
The London press dispatches also
reported the Japanese are n7assing
heavy air reinforcements In New
Guinea, possibly for large-scale air
attacks to clear the way for a naval
offensive against Port Moresby, on
New Guinea's south coast, and on
Northern Australia. r. A. A. F.. re-
connaiSsance pilots were cited in
the dispatches as authority for the
feet movements.
Other dispatches printed in Lon
don said the Japanese were ex-
pected to launch their attack first
against the eastern Australian sea-
board, where the continents chief
cities are, instead of attempting an
invasion from the north which
would mean fighting their way
across hundreds of miles of water
less desert.
Aussie Flyers Return Home.
A British broadcast reported that
most OF The Royal Australian Air
Force men who have been serving
against Japan in Malaga and the
Netherlands East Indies are now
BACK in Australia
The veteran Aussie airmen, it
was said. will add greatly to the
offensive spirit and fighting power
of the Australian squadrons taking
the fight to the enemy"
Australia's Prime Minister. John
Curtin, said Japanese bombers strik-
ing yesterday at the northern port
of Darwin inflicted a toll of 2 killed
and 10 wounded but failed in their
attempt to destroy grounded air.
craft.
Contrary to rumors, there have
been no fresh japanese landings in
the New Guinea and Papua area, {"
Mr.. Curtin said.
The Prime Minister said the raid
was directly solely against Royal
Australian Air Force installations
(see AUSTRALIA. Page A-3J
Evening star., 1942-03-17
Hong Kong Atrocities Spur
Effort, Churchill Thinks
By the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
LONDON. March 17.-Prime Min
lister Churchill's view that the re-
port on Japanese atrocities at Hong
Kong will go far to strengthen Brit
aims determination to intensity the
war effort was disclosed today with
publication of a letter he wrote to
Sir Patrick Harmon, Conservative
member of Parliament from Bir-
mingham. e
1t was in response to a resolution
passed by the Midlands group of M.
P's, VINO appealed for greater ef-
fort in the war.
For this reason" the Prime Min
lister wrote, 'the fullest publicity was
given the Foreign Secretarys state
ment and I shall not fail to do my
part 70 stress once again the dan
gers confronting civilization and the
necessity for full concentration upon
the war effort in any further ap-
peal which I may feel it my duty to
make"
The report OIL japanese atrocities
at Hong Kong was made to the
House of Commons by Foreign Sec
retary Anthony Eden.
Evening star., 1942-03-17
Army and Navy Uniforms
OF Axis Seized in Raids
~ the Associated Press.

6y tne hSkOClhled fTeSS.
Attorney General Biddle an
nounced today that F. B. I. agents
had seized Japanese, German and
Italian Army and Navy uniforms
along with numerous maps and pho
tographs of military areas, in
searches of the premises of more
than 5000 nationals of Axis nations.
Mr.. Biddle said that about 2,400
enemy aliens had been arrested for
possession of articles forbidden by
presidential proclamation.
The searches, described as spot
checks" were begun after the Janu-
are 8 deadline for turning over to
local police such contraband ma
terial as guns. shortwave radio re-
ceiving sets, cameras and maps and
charts.
The enemy aliens seized have been
turned over to the immigration
Service for detention pending hear
ings before special hearing boards,
which recommend their detention,
parole or release.
Among the contraband seized by
the F. B. I. were listed 1900 guns,
156,770 rounds of ammunition, 1000
radio sets, 1911 cameras, 800 swords,
dirks, daggers, machetes and sabers
and considerable quantities of dyna-
mite. caps and fuses.
Evening star., 1942-03-17

The District will have a "sur-
prise" total blackout within the
next 10 days or two weeks, Capt.
WilliamL L. Clemens, public rela-
tions officer for the Metropolitan
Civilian Defense Area, told a
group of women in training for
information duties this morning
at the National Museum.
Citizens will be warned, he said,
that the blackout will occur on one
of two nights, but no definite time
will be set. Afraid sirens, all of
which will be installed and ready
for operation by that time, accord
ing to Capt. Clemens, will sound
the actual warning for the black
ouL drill.
The planned practice blackout, he
said. will be complete one, and
street lights will be turned off. In
all likelihood, he told the group, the
drill will be of fairly short dura-
ton.
Previous blackout drills, Capt.
Clemens said, have been designed to
prepare District residents for the
complete blackout, which will SIM
ulate conditions which would exist
if an actual air raid was possible or
Evening star., 1942-03-17
Two Men Plead Guilty.
To Wartime Espionage
Charges in New York
Deoth Penalty Possible;
Accused Are Linked
With Brooklyn Ring
By the Associated press

BY the Associated Press.
NEW YORK, March l7-Charged
with wartime espionage in the first
such case since the United State
entered the war. two German-born
men today faced a possible death
penalty If convicted.
Pleading guilty yesterday to the
specific charge of conspiracy to
transmit information to Germany
were Richard Friedrich Fruendt, IS,
and Peter Franz Erich Donay, 30.
Fruendt, naturalized American,
is an engineer who once worked on
American warship designs. Donay
a German alien, is former ship:
cook who was drafted into the
United States Army March 81, 1941,
and had been stationed at Fort Jay
Governors Island, lst Army head
quarters.
On their plea Of guilty, Federal
Commissioner Edward Fay held
them in SIS 900 bail each for grand
jury action.
Since commissioners hearing
does not constitute an action of re-
cord. the accused men may change
their pleas at any time.
Capital Sentence Possible.
Assistant United States Attorney
James D. Saver said the conspiracy
lasted from October 30, 1910,
through December 81. 1941, and that
the prisoners If convicted could be
punished by sentences up to 30
years. or by death"
Named as co-conSpirators with
Fruendt and Donay wer Alfred
Brokhoff. now serving five years in
prison on his conviction in a recent
Brooklyn spy trial in which 80 per-
sons either pleaded guilty or were
convicted; Gustav william Kaersh-
er, now serving % months for failure
to register as an alien, and Richard
Ernst Weber, now held in S25, 900
bail for failing to register as an
alien.
P. E. Foxworth, F. B. T. agent here,
said the conspirators had used in
visible ink in transmitting informa-
tion on United States defense to the
German Reich by means of letters
addressed to mail drops in Mexico,
South America and Europe.
Plane Shipments Involved.
Mr.. Saver said Donay had been
providing information on airplane
shipments from the United States to
British ports to Paul Fehse, now
serving IS years in prison on his
conviction as spy in Brooklyn.
After Donaly was in the Army, Mr.
Saver further charged, he supplied
q copy of the Army's basic field
manual to Brokhoff. The prosecutor
said Fruendt came to this country
from Germany in 1918, obtained
citizenship in youngstown, Ohio, in
1922, and previously had served a
year in the German Navy.
Recently, Mr.. Saver said, Fruendt
had been employed by Phelps Dodge
Co., a large firm handling war con-
tracts. When Federal agents took
Fruendt into custody outside his
Manhattan apartment, he was pre-
pairing to leave for Las Vegas, New,
where he said he had job with the
Basic Magnesium Corp.
Evening star., 1942-03-17
Draft Lottery Begins at 6 P.M.;
100000 Men to Be Affected
Secretary Stimson to Drow First Number;
Other OfficiuIs to Tuke Port in Drawing

With the national lottery to-
night. an estimated 100000 will
take the second step toward
qualifying for service in the Ma
tion's armed forces.
The first step was taken on regis
tration day, February 16. The final
step will come for some of these
new men, ranging in age from 20
to A, early in June, when the first
of them who qualify will be inducted
into the Army.
At 6 pm. Secretary of War Stim-
son will dip his hand into the gold
fish bowl on the stage of the De-
partmental Auditorium and sdraw
out the first capsule.
In that capsule-green in recog-
milton of st. Patrick's Day--will be
the number that will give order No.
l0,00l to man in each local board
throughout the country. That is,
it will affect all local boards which
have that number.
Evening star., 1942-03-17
Juvenile Delinquency Rise
Seen by Mrs. Roosevelt
B, the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
ANNAPOLIS, March 17.-Juvenile
delinquency is increasing in highly
industrialized areas where women
are working in factories, Mrs. Frank
lin D. Roosevelt told the United
States Naval Academy Women's
Club.
The answer to that is recreation,
she declared, and many women are
going to have the job of organizing
Fairgrounds and gymnasiums to
care for youngsters while their
parents are at work.
"We learned in the last war and
again In this war that as a nation
we do not take care of our children
as we should. 1t will be the duty
of every community to see that life
goes on as serenely as before"
Speaking to 500 club members and
their guests yesterday, Mrs. .Roose-
velt said I'VE cannot let young
people think they are fighting the
war to return to conditions as they
were in 1919. Women must see that
our soldiers have something better
to return to at the end of this wal"
Evening star., 1942-03-17
House Group Posfpones
Action on @. 6. R. Center

The House Public Buildings and
Grounds Committee was unable to
decide today what action to take
with respect to the Satterf1eld
resolution designed to halt con-
struction of the $500, 900 information
center of the ONCE of Government
Reports at Fourteenth street and
Pennsylvania avenue NV.
The resolution was discussed at
an executive session following a
public hearing on a bill authorizing
am appropriation of $70,0O0,000 for
wartime housing and public works
In Washington Metropolitan area.
, Chairman Lanham intimated he
may issue a statement concerning
the resolution later in the day.
Evening star., 1942-03-17
Jops Had ID Cruisers
5 Carriers at Jovo,
Briton Declares
By the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
LONDON, March 17.-Japan's
forces in the naval battle of
Java were composed of IA cruis-
ers. S aircraft carriers, SIS de-
stroyers and Is submarines,
Lord Strabolgi. Laborite. de-
clared in the House of Lords
today.
These were opposed by five
United Nations cruisers, all of
which have been offlcially re-
ported lost. and smaller ships.
Evening star., 1942-03-17
Jap Troop Moves Portend
Red Attack, Chinese Say
BY The 4 ssociated Press.

bS tbF SSOciated Press.
CHUNGKING, China, March IT,
A Chinese army spokesman, re-
stating the Chinese contention that
an early Japanese attack on Russia
Is probable, said today two Japanese
divisions had been transferred re-
Gently from Korea to Manchukuo
while Japanese troops in the south
ern, or Japanese, half of Sakhalin
Island had been moved northward
toward the Russian border.
He told press conference that
Chinese military intelligence reports
also had told of a meeting of district
chiefs of staff of armed forces in
Manchukuo.
The spokesman expressed conf
dence, however, that the Russians
were fully alert to the dangers of
sudden Japanese assault.
Evening star., 1942-03-17
M'ArthurR breaches Australia byAir
With High Staff Officers to Take
Over Allied Supreme Command
Roosevelt Ordered
Shift at Request
Of Cunberru

Gen. Douglas Macarthur ar
rived in Australia by plane today
to assume supreme command OF
Allied forces in the South Pa
cific, the War Department an
nounced at 10:30 am.
The brilliant commander of' the
small American and Filipino army
which has held off greatly superior
Japanese forces on Bataan Penin-
sula in the Philippines since De-
cember reached an undisclosed port
in Australia. accompanied by his
chief of staff, Maj. Gen. Richard
X. Sutherland of Washington; Brig.
Gen. Harold H. George, Air Corps,
and several other staff officers, the
communique said.
Gen. MacArthur'S wife and small
son accompanied him also, the COM
muniQue said.
Gen. Macarthur assumes COM
mand of the entire combat region
OF the South Pacific. including the
Philippines, "in accordance with the
request of the Australian govern
ment." Although his successor as
commander of the Philippine thea
ter of operations was not an
nounced, a spokesman said this COM
mand was assumed automatically by
Maj. Gen. Jonathan M. Wainwright.
Gen. Wainwright. a former COM
mandant at Fort Myer. Va, has been
second in command to Gen. Mac
Arthur in the defense of Manila
Bay and the Bataan Peninsula.
Move Ordered February %.
The communique disclosed that
President Roosevelt had directed
Gen. Macarthur February % to
transfer his headquarters from the
Philippines to Australia as soon as
the necessary arrangements could
be made, but the fighting COM
mander requested a delay until he
could perfect arrangements within
his command in the Philippines.
The communique issued by the
War Department read:
Gen. Douglas Macarthur arrived
In Australia by plane today. He
WdS dCCOIIlJdlllCu Wy n2l .. n1aSTAA eAAIi
and son and by his chief OF staff,
Maj. Gen. Richard K. Sutherland;
Brig. Gen. Harold II. George of the
Air Corps and several other staff
officers. He will be the supreme
commander of that region, including
the Philippine Islands, in accord
ance with the request of the Aus
tralian government.
"On February 22 the President di-
rected Gen. Macarthur to transfer
his headquarters from the Philip
pines to Australia as soon as the
necessary arrangements could be
made. Gen. Macarthur requested
that he be permitted to delay in
carrying out the order until he
could perfect arrangements within
his command in the Philippines.
(See MACARTHUR. Page A-41
Evening star., 1942-03-17
Seattle Muchinists Vote
Seyen-Doy Work Week
B. the Associated Press.

B. the Associated Press.
SEATTLE, March 17.-Members
of the Machinists' Union employed
in Seattle defense industries will OBJ
serve a seven-day work week ef-
fective April 5.
The union Local 79 voted over
whelmingly yesterday for rotating
shift plan, which will affect 5000
workers.
The seven-day week in Seattle
shipyards begins next Sunday.
Evening star., 1942-03-17
Macarthur Appointment
Is Hailed In London
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
LONDON, March 17-British
military circles today hailed Gen.
Douglas MacArthur's appointment
to supreme command in Australia
as a demonstration of ''the Coz
ordination existing between the
Empire and the United States"
Military circles said the British
War Once had held Gen. MacAr-
thur in high regard" since he him.
self was once American chief OF
staff and that this regard had been
increased by his successful defense
Of Bataan in the Philippines.