davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1942-10-06
FAITH HARTSHORNE
CHAPTER XII


Both Peter and Martin decid-
ed to try for appointments al
Good Samaritan, but for widely
divergent reasons. DR.. Henry
Patterson was head surgeon
there; he had long been one OF
Peters idols and Peter had said,
in exaggerated but heartfelt ad-
miration, boy, I'd give 10 years
of my life for q chance to work
under him!"
With his more worldly reac-
tons, Martin said thoughtfully,
Maybe Good Samaritan isn't
such a bad idea anyway, Peter.
There are pro b "a bly, more
moneyed moguls living in that
one section of Westchester than
in any other place here in the
east. And Good Samaritan gets
the cream of them when they
need medical attention"
He took Peters silence to be
disapproval and he said, "Yhat's
being too practical for you, !
take it." He shrugged. What
always say is, let those who
want to take care of the sick
poor. Give me my choice and
I'll take the rich every time.
They get just as sick, you know;
but there's usually someone to
keep them clean if they can't do
it for themselves, and they
smell better"
Peter could never be sure
quite how much of Martins big
talk was spoken for effect,
sprung probably from the same
impule that leads a small boy
to try to shock his elders. He
had grinned, and refused to rise
to the bait.
In March they received invi-
tations to tea at the Westches-
ter home of the Hartshornes. It
was all very formally done,
Mr.. and Mrs. Perry Hartshorne
request" in script engraving
on heavy vellum paper.
"Well, I'll be-" Martin said,
amazed. "A tea fight! What do
you suppose is the big idea,
Peter"
Peter was grinning over his
own. This Is what comes of
having ambitions to work up in
the Baloney Belt. But it's slic-
ing it pretty thin, I'd say. APP
parently it means that the direc-
tors of the hospital are as great
ly concerned over what sur
geon does with his knife at the
dinner table as in the operating
room, and the chairman of the
board considers it his personal
duty to find out"
The Hartshornes draw | n &
room was filled with other
yong men in various stages of
A. |iety or uneasiness. They sat
on the edges of chairs or lounged
against the fireplace mantle or
on window seats, balancing tea
cups precariously and trying
desperately to give convincing
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1942-10-06
SHAKEUP

SHAKEUP
AURORA, Ill.-Mr. and Mrs.
Fred Bonnichsen, Jr. were with
in one gulp of putting up their
automobile for the duration.
Their ii months old daughter,
Sharon, got hold of the ignition
key, popped it into her mouth.
Rushed to the doctor (but not
in their cary, he discovered that
the key had not quite been
swallowed. Quickly, deity, the
doctor removed it.
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1942-10-06
Richmond

RICHMOND.-The Richmond
Public High School class Off
GERS, recently elected for the
coming yes are as follows:
SENIOR CLASS - President,
Bryce Beversdorf; vice presi-
dent, Martin Montgomery; Sec
rotary, Arpa Junke; treasurer,
Eldon Kaufman.
JUNIOR CLASS - President,
Charles Schroeder; vice presi-
dent. Peggy Newell; secretary,
Bernice Crone; treasurer, Jack
Smith.
/ SOPHOMORE CLASS-Pres-
ident, Glennis Weymouth; vice
president, Shirley Haselhuhn;
secretary, Joe Mazur; treasurer,
Robert Foss.
! FRESHMAN CLASS - Presi-
dent, Barbara Leitch; vice presi-
dent, Fred Pearl; secretary, Pa
tricia King; treasurer, Dolores
Schultz.
The Women's Society for
Christian Service of the Meth
odist Church will hold their
regular business meeting at 2:30
p. m. Wednesday, Oct. 7th, in
the church parlors.
The members of the local
Lioness Club will hold their
meeting on Tuesday evening,
Oct. 6, at the Congregational
church parlors in this village.
Each member will respond to roll
call by giving '"The name of q
book have read recently" Din
ner will be served by members
of the Sorority of the Congrega-
tional Church.
Glenn Quick is confined to st.
Joseph's hospital, Mount Glenn
ems, where he is undergoing OBJ
servation and treatment.
Mrs. John j. Keller and Mrs.
Albert Schmidt of this village,
accompanied by Mrs. Howard
Smith of Armada enjoyed a mo-
tor trip in the northern part OF
the state over the week end.
Miss Mabel Winkel will en-
terrain for the members of the
10-A Club in her home on Thurs
day evening.
Mrs. Roy Kirkham is visiting
relatives in Manistee, Mich, fol-
a short time.
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1942-10-06
COPYRIGHT. tOAa,
NgA SERVICE. ING.

A
men at their ease.
At tables scattred about sew
eral matrons, whom Peter took
to be the wives of board men,
bers, poured tea and their vari-
ous daughters circulated among
the groups, dispensing indis-
criminately light laughter and
thin sandwiches and bite-size
cakes.
Martin was definitely among
the uneasy ones. The atmos-
phere was foreign to him, it
made him feel awkward and out
of place and he was resentful.
He through temporary funk,
and Peter through sheer perver-
sity, had found themselves a
niche in bay window, half hid
den from the rest of the room
by heavy draperies, and were
looking on.
Martin said. trying by flip
pancy to conceal his real feel
ings, There are some not-so-
bad-looking wrens out there"
Peter said lazily, Lion tam
ers. you mean. Putting the boys
through their PAGES. Incident
ally, you came up here to be
looked over. They'll never dis
cover your light ii you hide it
under a buShel this way"
How about YOURSELF" Mar
tin demanded.
Peter said, still with that lazy
half smile, you see before you
man about to change his mind.
don't believe I want to come
up here after all"
He was noticing rather idly
the girl nearest them, tall
young thing who reminded him
somehow of a new-foaled colt.
She wore a smile that looked
pasted on and her eyes were
too wide, as though she were
frightened. He thought COM
passionately, she hates this, too,
poor kid. She looks scared to
death.
She skirted nearby group,
tossing light remarks and laugh
ter as she did so, as though it
were a lesson we'll learned, but
he saw that the minute she
thought herself unobserved she
discarded that forced smile. He
was glad. She looked nicer
without 1t. She had a high pure
brow with blonde hair falling
back from it softly and she
looked very young and COM
pletely untouched.
She made for their corner as
though heading for refuge;
then she saw that it was occu-
pied and she stopped short and
the cup she was carrying skid
ded little on its saucer and
some of the tea stopped over
and splashed on her dress. Peter
jumped to relieve her of the cup
and Martin whipped out his
pocket handkerchief and she
stood stiffly while he dabbed at
the spots. She was in an agony
of confusion and embarrass-
ment.
She said, II do the most aWk-
ward"
Look" Martin broke in, I'VE
didn't mean to scare you like
that. We're just hiding from the
mob. I'm sorry about the dress"
She shrugged the damage to
the dress aside. She was study
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1942-10-06
CHARMED LIFE

IDhIiO rALLo, q II 0 =
There's never q dull moment for
Charles Steffler, 80 year old
farm worker.
He was hit by shotgun pellets,
but they were so spent when
they arrived that he was able
to pick them out of the back
of his neck himself.
A week later while digging
a cellar he was struck and
floored by the iron handle of
the scraper. He was stunned but
not seriously hurt.
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1942-10-06
ESSENTIAL MAN

GURNEE, III. = When JO-
seph Dada left here. to take a
+ e d eral job inspecting fire
equipment at military reserva-
tons, it appeared that four men
would be needed to replace him.
Dada quit his jobs as village
m h al, fire chief, building
commissioner and garage me-
chanic.
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1942-10-06
BIG TASK

BIG TASK
A total of 27,0OO,OOO soldiers
and military stores estimated at
SO, 100000 tons were conveyed
to all parts of the world by the
British Royal Navy during
World Var I.
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1942-10-06
TWO-LAYER- LAKE

TWO-LAYER LAKE
Two layers of water make up
Pine View Lake, near Ogden,
Utah. The bottom layer is from
artesian wells at the bottom of
the lake. the top layer from
melting snow in the mountains.
The two do not mix fully.
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1942-10-06

THE STORY: Peter Frazier II In
Isve with Csadacs Bech. who Il en-.
gagged 10 Martin Corby, his room
mate In medical school. Candace
has been reared In the Frazier home
By Peters father and his stepmother.
Belle, who 10 Candace's aunt. Can
dses has entered nurses training
sssinsS her aunt's wishes In order
20 be near Martin. Petes II IN an
comfortable ssd unhsppy witness %
Martins csurtship ~ the tive enter
their last year sf medical ssheei.
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1942-10-05
Speed
Cuts Traffic
Casualties

That most Macomb county
residents are observing the new
35-mile speed limit was indi-
Gated today when only two per-
sons were injured over the
weekend in accidents on county
highways.
On normal week-ends at least
six persons are injured, while a
year ago the toll of injured often
reached 20 in two days.
Kenney Payne, 16, of Stuart
road, New Baltimore, sustained
a fractured right leg and Sc
we're cuts about the face when
his car hit a culvert on Tele-
graph road, one mile east of
Gratiot, at 200 a. m. Sunday.
Payne, who was riding alone,
was described as in fairly. good"
condition today by attaches of
st. Joseph's hospital, where he
Is a patient.
Mrs. Muriel Petitpren, "a, was
treated at st. Joseph's and re-
leased at 3 a. m. Sunday after
a car driven by her husband,
Leonard, %, of 433 Main, New
Baltimore, crashed into a car
owned by Ramon Struzynski, %,
9241 North Haven, at the Ora
tiot-Hall road intersection.
Sheriff's deputies were at the
scene to police a minor crash
involving Struzynski's car and
one operated by Genevieve Gil
low, ~, 1872 Ward, Port Huron,
in which no one was injured.
Struzynski's car was demolished
in the second crash, deputies re-
ported.
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1942-10-05
Coering Tells Mazis Winter
Won't be Easy; Promises Food

Germany. From now on it must
be the unsuitable fact that the
German workman and those
working in Germany are sup
piled with food the best of all"
In this connection, he said,
there were more than 5000, 900
foreigners working in Germany
and 100000 prisoners of war.
Asserting that the country
had a potato crop this year un-
surpassed in history, GOering
advised Germans to store the
potatoes in their drawing rooms
rather than in wet cellars SO
they would not freeze.
The No. 2 Nazi spoke in the
Berlin Sportspalast at the an
nual harvest thanksgiving fes-
tival. 1t was a long and ram
bling speech, devoted largely to
the food situation, the tricky
weather and the home front with
all the usual flourishes. :
Goering denied that Britain
had ever sent 1000 planes on a
bombing raid to Germany, but
he asked "tte poor people who
are SO frequently hard pressed
at nights to hold out as marvel
ously as they have done in the
past"
The Reichmarshal said he had
to keep his air force in the east,
but then the Russian enemy lis
brought to his knees then
we shall meet in England"
Gpering said his air fleet was
bigger and better than the Allied
air fleet in England.
"The coming winter will not
be SO easy, but it will not be
comparable to last year." Goer-
ing said. This time we are
prepared. We know what the
Russian winter is like. We will
be able to stand it better. The
enemy may attack all along the
front, but he will be cheated at
the final point"
The Richmarshal confirmed
the reports of differences be-
tween Hitler and some of his
generals.
I'VE have number of the
most excellent generals and
leaders and such who do not
live up to their task or who were
not hard enough have been given
other tasks or have been re-
placed" he said. mo one has
been shot. But, if a soldier is a
coward, he is shot and if a gen.
eral deserts his troops because
of cowardice, he too will be
shot," He gave no names.
Watch Your Speed!
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1942-10-05
attend Army
School in Denver

SELFRIDGE FIELD, Mich,
Oct. captain Rankin Gorrell
and Technical Sergeant William
R. Bridenbaugh Of Selfridae
Field are attending q 80 day
school Of army administrative
inspection at Fort Logan. Dem
yer, Colo. They started the tenn
porary duty on Oct. 8.
Captain Gorrell. whose home
Is in Coxington. KY. resides IN
Mount Clemens, Mich, at III
Cas- avenue. Sergeant Briden-
baugh's home II at 35l Hunting
ton street In Mount Clemens.
watch Ysus spssls
The feather cloak once worn
by King Kamehameha, Of Ha-
waii, IL worth . million do1lars.
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1942-10-05
10Die, Hurt
in Plane Crash
81 Known Aboard
Sheltered Ship

NEW YORK, Oct. 5.-(P1-
Details were lacking today con-
corning the crash of an airplane
at Botwood, Newfoundland, Sat
urday, in which ten men were
killed and at least eight persons
were injured.
Headquarters of the Eastern
Defense Command and the First
Army, which announced the
crash, said there were 81 persons
aboard the plane, but did not
disclose how many were passen-
gers.
The crash occurred Saturday
between S and 6 p. m, the army
announced. Apparently tn e
plane fell into the sea off Bot
wood, since the army's an
nouncement disclosed that the
planes hull was split in the
crash and subsequently was
lowed into shallow water to ia
cilitate salvage operations.
Two of the occupants of the
plane were women, but both
apparently escaped injury.
The list of dead, based upon
reports made to the state depart
ment by the American consul
late at St. Johns. Mild, follows:
Captain Dwight G.. Thomas,
Lincoln, Neb.; Michael c. J..
Doyle, Laurelton, N. Y; John r..
Redmond, jackson Heights, N.
Y; Quentin Moon, Flushing, N.
Y; Daniel Pipoli, The Bronx,
N. Y; c. L. Lansing, New York
City; Lieut.. Col. James Edward
Whitaker. Worcester, Mass;
Captain Harold r. Freckleton,
Hartford, Conn.,; Captain Will
liam T. Meyers, Tampa, Fla;
Captain Warren G. Leasing,
West Orange, N. j.
Watch Your Speed!
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1942-10-05
EX.ReSidemt
Dies i'm Pontiac

Funeral services will be held
tomorrow at $50 pm. from
Farmers Funeral Home in Pom
tiac, fl. Alfred LaForge. "a, a
former Macomb County resi-
dent, who died Sunday morning
following a major operation at
st. Joseph's Mercy hospital in
Pontiac.
He was the son of the late
Mr.. and Mrs. Peter LaForge of
Mount Clemens.
Surviving, besides the wife.
are three daughters, Miss Viola
LaForge, Mrs. Pearl .soofe, and
Mrs. Lindon Bum, all Of Port
Huron, a brother, Clarence, of
Mount Clemens, and a sister,
Mrs. Mary Frank, of Fair Haven.
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1942-10-05
County Sailor
Dies in Texas
Former Center Line
Man Dead at 81

Funeral services will be held
Wednesday at 100 pm. from
the Schwarzkoff Funeral Home
in Utica for James T.. Gift, 81,
who died at Galveston, Texas.
Friday. The deceased had been
in the United States Navy since
the age of ID.
He was born in Detroit, and
came to a farm on the 12-Mile
Road near Van Dyke with his
parents at the age of 10 years.
He was the son of the late Mr..
and Mrs. Richard Gift. of Cen
ter Line. The father had been
active in public affairs in that
city prior to his death.
Surviving are three brothers,
Richard, of Utica, and Nelson
and Robert of Center Line.
Burial will be in Elwood Ce-
metery, Detroit, with the Rev.
Bentley, of the Utica Methodist
Church, officiating.
Will Il Help VIM
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1942-10-05
Burma Forces
Are Reformed
StiIIwell Guides
Chinese Divisions

SOMEWHERE IN EASTERN
INDIA, Oct. 5-(R)-Under the
direction of Lieut.. Gen. Joseph
w. Stilwell, the survivors of
Chinese divisions which fought
the japanese in Burma are be-
ing re-eQuipped with American
weapons and organized into a
strong striking force.
Existence of the corps, a
closely-guarded military secret,
was disclosed for the first time
when American correspondents
were permitted to visit the
camp where the Chinese are I'M
dergoing intensive training.
Stillwell, American chief of
staff for the Allied forces in
China, is being assisted in or
ganization Of the group - one of
his pet projects-by a number
of American army officers, who
are enthusiastic over the manner
in which the Chinese are taking
hold.
On a rifle range the CORES
pondents were shown Chinese
plugging bulls eyes at 200 yards
after only four days of practice.
Other units were manning
trench mortars and machine
guns with eye-opening efficien-
cy.
The teaching Of truckdrivers
Is another function of the school.
Chinese who never have dri-
ven anything more complicated
than a wheelbarroW are being
turned into drivers in two weeks
fime," explained one American
officer.
Several hundred of the Chi
nese still are undergoing hospi-
tai treatment for wounds and
ills contracted in their long trek
through the Burmese jungles,
but most are responding rapidly
and are expected to return to
active duty soon.
watch Yeur Speed!
In 1880, there were only %
miles of railroad in the western
hemisphere.
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1942-10-05
Files $4,000
Damage Suit
Crosh Injuries
Bosis Of Claim

Donald Sawnston, of st. Clair
Shores, today asked $4,000
damages from Jack Bennett as
the result of injuries allegedly
sustained last June % in an au-
tomobile accident involving cars
driven by the two men.
Swanston charges in q suit
filed in circuit court that the &C.
cident occurred on Jefferson at
Detour in st. Clair Shores be-
cause Bennett was driving at an
excessive rate of speed and be-
cause Benefits car had poor
brakes.
Because of the accident, Swan
ston charges, he suffered q frac-
tured rib and numerous bruises.
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1942-10-05
BY JACK BELL

WASHINGTON. Oct. 5-R
Back straining taxation that
will force a downward revision
in the standard of living soon
was forecast by Senator George
(D-Ga) today as the Senate pre-
pared to receive a new revenue
bill calculated to extract more
than $26, 900, 0O0.C % yearly from
citizens.
George, as chairman of the
Finance Committee, was charged
with reporting to the Senate .
measure containing rates he said
were approaching the maximum
that could be assessed against
individuals and CO operations
without hampering war produc-
ton.
At the same time, he told re-
porters that taxation to enforce
loans to the government to aid
in financing the war must be
enacted by Congress in the near
future, adding:
Every l per cent addition
that is made to these proposed
tax rates for compulsory savings
or loans to the government il GO
ing to push the standard Of liv-
ing down that much. It can't be
escaped. Our living standards
will have to change when we 60
beyond the rates In this BILL"
Departing from Treasury fig
ures, George estimated that the
pending measure would add So
ST., 900, 900 to the $1,000, 00O,-
600 annually taken from taxpay-
ers under present laws. OF this
amount, he said $1,772. 900, 900
would be collected and later re-
bated to taxpayers after the war,
leaving $1,000. 100000 in direct
new taxes.
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1942-10-05
Labor
Aids Germans
Contingent Leaves
Paris for Reich

PARIS, Occupied France, Oct.
s. (P - The first contingent
of 1873, 900 French workers sched-
uled to be sent to Germany un-
der the Vichy governments new
compulsory labor program left
by train today along with q
scattering of volunteers.
This initial trainload included
complete factor" crews and their
foremen, picked in record time
from French factories and
designated" for service in Ger
many. They were ready to 60 to
work Immediately as complete
units in Nazi plants.
While the train was pulling
out Minister Schleier of the Ger
man embassy addressed French
industrial heads and flayed their
lukewarm attitude toward the
new labor set-up.
when German victory will
have permitted unification of
Europe" he said, every nation
will have to give an accounting
of the extent to which il con-
tributed to the defeat Of Bolshe-
vism."
Schleier, speaking with official
Vichy approval, said Of the
French compulsory labor system:
IF this law appears hard to
some Frenchmen I take the lib
erty Of recalling in all frankness
the following facts: France de-
clared this war without motive
and lost it,"
A law promulgated in Vichy
yesterday provided the same
guarantees of work for returning
workers as for released prison.
ers and obliged industry to con-
tinue to pay their families half
pay through q Compensation
chest" while they work in Ger
many.
watch Yeur speed!
The native bear" of Austria
liza is not q bear, but q relative
of the American opossum.
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1942-10-05
RayCenter

RAY CENTER-Mr. and Mrs.
Elmer Neiman are receiving
congratulations on their baby
daughter, Carol Lee, born Sept.
26.
Mr.. and Mrs. Sterling Card
and daughter, Rita Kay, STAN
ley Card, Luella Neiman and
Mrs. Roy Card were visitors
Sunday at the home of Mr.. and
Mrs. E. Howsame ut Mount
Clemens. Mrs. Cards father Is
quite ill.
Frank Carpenter took charge
of Bert Thomas gas station at
the corner of Gratiot and New
Haven road, while Mr.. and Mrs.
Thomas spent a few days in
Canada visiting relatives.
Mr.. and Mrs. Lester Moore
have moved to New Baltimore.
Mr.. and Mrs. Orlo Kirkum
had as weekend guests Mr.. and
Mrs. Robert Thompson; on Sum
day the four motored to Port
Huron where they enjoyed q
chicken dinner and then attend
ed the show ut New Baltimore.
Mr.. and Mrs. Henry Smith
had as supper guests Sunday
Mrs. Henry Cain and son Har-
~.
Giles Kirkum has been suffer
ing with a lame back the past
few days.
Watch YsuP speed!
Birds descended from reptiles,
and reptiles laid eggs. 50 the egg
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1942-10-05

BERN, Switzerland, Oct. S.
R)-The German people had
the warning of Reichmarshal
Goering today that the coming
winter would not be 80 easy"
on the fighting fronts, but they
were assured they would be fed
no matter how hungry the rest
of Europe became.
IF there is hunger" Goering
said, Gin no event will it be in
The daily monitor leader. [volume] (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1942-19??, 1942-10-05
Bock-Stroinins 1oxation
Forecast by Sen. George
Rotes Approaching Msximsm Withest
homperins Wos Production

As approved BY The eounlnios
tee. the Bill would provide -
an aggregate rate Of - pr go
on the taxable ineomo @ bG
viduals in the lowest hgUG1HD>
graduated upward - H. -
where m q per cent anS1o2
would b assssesd aoninse 49, Z
with larger incomes. 0omo 60 4
porations would pay up . D
per cent Of their net taxah1o !
come. s IS 81, i !!
II think the rutes n fl1is RI h
both ON individual and cogpo z
ton income, rum veEy el0Dt
the maximum direct tax hug !;
that the country can 49,
George said. The ovlf1f1 M.
den approaches the uanxinn1n
the taxpayers can pay ma 1-
tain full production. !
II wouldn't want e unooe.
stood that some Taxpayers Go
not bear more. but the avognG
IL extremely HIGH" h cpo11u
ued. II don't think. howov1v,s
that we will seriously 1feoct -
standard Of living with thiG -
but that II coming soon.
"Some form az cosnpuloogy
savings must b instituted -
the standard Of living neeon h.
lily IL going 10 b a21sceed 49,,
that II done"
George said he thouGht tnn
was . great deal of dtflakonp
extracting money num = e. =
as direct tax and - = loGi
the citizen's equity POI
would be strengthened ~ -
amount Of monay he W. -
to place In savings with ~
eminent for poGt waf lo6e4
Because Of that fnck ~ s =
he was not @ fearful q ~ 4 II
innate effect q tax Iato a1vu =
co for enforced loana = - o
collection ct Eevonl1o tlhot WU
not b returned aftGr IL 49, N
While the SGnata go IL = =
ceive the new bt1l to0ny. & M
not expect % bog1n dQho1o J
the measure until toGn0e1es '