davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1942-07-26

the pioneering done by Pan American
Airways. Even before the war Pan
Americans airlines were extended far
ther than those of any other air service.
During the last year and half they
have been expanded as though by magic,
reaching out to spots so remote that
many Americans do not even know they
exist
The most striking example is the line
that jumps from Brazil across the
South Atlantic to West Africa and then
to the Middle East. A year ago at the
request of President Roosevelt, Pan
American began to push this route
through. There were several reasons
why Pan American was chosen. To be-
gin with in peacetime it could hardly
have been done by the Air Corps. Then,
too, Pan Americans past experience
seemed fitted for this piece of pioneering.
A crude sort of air route existed over a
considerable part of Africa, but it was
inadequate for the flow of lease-lend
planes and materials the President in
tended to send that way. Air fields had
to be enlarged, runWays built, hangers
and equipment installed. decent living
quarters constructed so that men with
out previous conditioning could live un-
der tropical heat. Many of Pan Amer
leans best men were assigned to the job.
Route Of $4,000 Miles.
Within 80 days route of $1,000 miles
from New York to Cairo-with % air
stations, stated by $500 men, had been
organized. From December to July /,
12,498,937 passenger miles and 2421, ,053
tons miles were flown over this route.
Today the Air Transport Command
directs a stream of planes that shuttle
back and forth over this 18,O00-mile post
road. The human freight is as i'm
portant to the war effort as the vital
materials that come from far parts For
example, pilots who have flown lease
lend planes to distant fronts must be
brought back for more planes just eff
the assembly lines. Returning cargo
planes may carry as many as l6 pilots,
able to fly without the radio navigation
aids that the war has silenced on inter-
national routes.
Transcontinental Western Air Lines
also is doing fight job under the di-
rection of the transport command with
stratoliners requisitioned by the Army in
February and then contracted back to
the air lines. The number of flights and
the number of planes in service is, of
course, military secret.
Route to Ireland.
A new transatlantic route was estab-
lished month ago by American Ex-
| port Air Lines with terminus in Ire
| land.
Besides these lines regularly operated
by private air lines under contract the
transport command sends hundreds OF
its own planes back and forth across
the military airways. One of the routes
operated by the transport command i.
to Australia by way of a chain of secret
bases that were put into operation ate,
December I.
Evening star., 1942-07-26

array on its retreat The Germans won
ground but they failed to rout the army
opposing them, although they fought the
defenders furiously with armored at
tacks, dive bombing, parachute landings
and, above all, artillery. The battle for
Rostov has been the battle of big guns.
German tanks played an impressive role.
Won Books main path southwark to-
ward Rostov was along the Moscow
Rostov rail line. BY Thursday the Ger
man general had forces at three points
ready for the pounce on Rostov-at No.
vocherkassk, 20 miles northeast of the
city; at Taganrog, 40 miles west of the
city, where Axis forces have been since
winter, and from the plains north CT
the city, over which columns of Italians
advanced from Voroshilovgrad. On Fri
day the German high command in Ber-
lin reported the fall of Rostov although
the Russians granted only that the Ger
mans were at the gates.
Before Won Book could undertake his
drive against Rostov, the Axis had to
get command Of Crimea and Sevastopol
in order to protect its flank. Now, before
Won Book can proceed southwark from
RoStov to the business Of contesting the
Russians for the Caucasus, his forces
must complete another flank protecting
operation. This necessity explains the
Axis drive toward Stalingrad, north and
east OF Rostov, on the Volga River, but
a few miles from the easternmost bend
of the meandering Don. Axis troops
which broke through into the Don Basin
south of Millerovo are astride portion
of the railroad from Likhaya, south Of
Millerovo, to Stalingrad. The railroad
is about 100 miles long.
The wild steppes were lit by the pale
glow of half moon as the armies of
Timoshenko tried vainly
VoIgo River to halt the Nazis in their
Lifeline progress toward Stalingrad.
Before the week ended the
Germans were in position to try a
crossing OF the Don at Tsimlyansk, 100
miles northeast of Rostov The Volga
is the Russian lifeline through which
the United States and Great Britain
have been pouring supplies via the
Evening star., 1942-07-26

Persian Gulf route. The fall OF Stalin-
grad would mean the virtual separation
of the Russian northern and southern
armies, and while the Germans would
yet have to fight for the oil in the Cau-
casus, the oil would be denied to the
sections Of Russia north Of the door that
the Germans will all but close If they
reach Stalingrad. The Won Book armies
are still far from that city.
The preparation of the actual Cau-
casian campaign, however, apparently
entails yet more preliminaries even
should Stalingrad fall If Won Book can
not break Timoshenkos forces before he
seeks entrance into the Caucasus, he
must cover his own armies by proceeding
down the Volga to Astrakhan, where the
famous old river spills into the salty
Evening star., 1942-07-26
Russian Front

The Russian battle front Is 300 miles
long. At the weeks beginning the in
vading Axis forces, Germans, Hungari-
ans. Rumanians and Italians, unfolding
q carefully laid and carefully developed
Nazi war plan, were hammering toward
Rostov and toward Stalingrad, two OBJ
jectives in one major movement designed
to isolate the Caucasus from contact
with the rest of Russia. On the northern
end OF this active front, around Voro-
nezh, where the Axis first crossed the
Don River, the Russians maintained a
bloody resistance that kept the battle
raging back and forth across the stream.
1t was south of Voronezh where mis-
fortune was to flourish.
The Axis troops under Field Marshal
Gen. Won Book aiming at Rostov broke
Russian resistance along
Stort Drive the Donets River, Don
On Rostov tributary, in the region
of Voroshilovgrad and
advanced slowly into the rich Donets
Basin region, across the plain inclosed on
three sides by the Don where it makes
a great sweeping meander that ends only
when the river runs into the Sea of Azov.
The inexorable progress of the attacking
troops brought them to the region of
Millercvo, and from Millerovo, they pro-
ceeded southwark toward their first OBJ
jective, Rostov-on-Don.
The Russian troops lacked the strength
to halt this advance, but their general,
Timoshenkp. knowing that the greatest
struggle is yet to come, the struggle for
the Caucasus, kept his army in orderly
Evening star., 1942-07-26
Serious Land Boom Feared
Administration Seeks Way to Curb Disastrous
Infationary Trend
By Ovid A. Martin.

The administration soon may take
steps to plug potentially dangerous gap
in its wall of defense against imitation.
That gap is the farm real estate
market.
In the World War it provided an
opening for a $4,000, 900 900 boom that
later blew up in the faces of more than
2,0O0,0 900 farm families, causing them to
lose their holdings, and tossed agricul-
for more than a decade, with serious
economic and social consequences for the
whole country.
Conditions conducive to another land
boom prevail today.
For the past few years prices of farm
products have been advancing rather
rapidly. Because of the needs Of the
United Nations, farmers have ready
market for all they can produce. In the
case of some products, they could sell
more than they are able to grow.
More cash will roll into farmers
pocketbooks this year than at any time
since the other war. Agriculture De-
partment economists predict the 1912
farm cash income will total upward of
$14,50O, 100000, or almost Is per cent
above that of 1941.
Market Already Active.
This improvement in agriculture has
already created a lively interest in land.
Many farms are being bought and sold.
Purchasers fall generally into three
classes:
First, those who wish to operate farms
for the money that can be made from
growing crops and feeding livestock.
Second, those with extra money who
believe land is good hedge against
imitation.
Third, those who believe that money
can be made in buying and selling farms.
This war-induced interest in land has
been reflected in Government reports
that the value of farm land-as evil
denced by selling prices-advanced an
average of per cent in 1941. For all
American farm land, this represented an
increase of more than 81 900 ,000, 900 in a
single year.
Financial authorities generally agree
that this increase was not inflationary or
dangerous. They do say, however, that
it would become dangerous If allowed to
continue over several years. Hence, the
administration is weighing various meth
ods of preventing further sharp adj
vances. Most land authorities believe
the 1941 increase represented an adjust
ment from depression levels to more
nearly normal values.
Up until recently, the opinion pre-
vailed in the Government that no direct
action was needed to prevent runaway
land prices.
1t is true that the other boom taught
thousands of farmers that abnormal in
creases in land prices lead to higher
farming costs in the form of repayments
on land mortgages, rents and real estate
taxes It may be easy to meet those
costs in periods. such as the present.
when farm product prices and markets
are good. But those costs often become
Evening star., 1942-07-26
STRIKES THAT NEVER TAKE PLACE
War Adds to Busy Task Of Labor Cancellation Service
By Joseph A Lofns

of the security Of the union because, they
say, the apathetic union member figures
that, with the strike threat withdrawn,
the union is not going to get him any
thing and why pay dues. So the union
shop or one of its notifications is de-
manded in a contract.
But DR.. Steelman Is neither dis1nayed
or discouraged. On the contrary, he has
cheerful outlook.
1.-THE increased labor-management CO.
operation since the declaration of war"
he said, "is shown by the great increase
of cases presented for negotiation at an
early stage of the dispute. In the first
four months of this year, the case load
more than doubled. This increase is not
an indication of national increase OF
strikes, but rather it is an indication of
increased labor management co-opera-
ton
Because preventive measures can be
negotiation in an early stage of the dis
pute, almost all of the cases are being
settled without any stoppage of work
and thus without any harm to our war
effort"
DR.. Steelman picks his commissioners
of conciliation with utmost care, because
he says, "one damn fool would ruin us"
They are former labor leaders, lawyers,
personnel men, sociologists, and even
newspapermen. They have to possess
something of the same extraordinary
combination of qualities that DR.. Steel
man possesses; more than mere intel
hgence and a background fund of in
formation; more even than the vaunted
horse sense.
The conciliator needs patience and a
sense of humor to deal day in and day
out with ornery, stubborn men. He needs
the physical stamina to keep their feet to
the fire and wait them out. He must
know when the disputants ought to be
in separate rooms and the moment when
they should be brought together He
must be able to view disputes effectively,
never taking sides; be able to offer sug-
gestions but never opinions.
Must Command Confidence.
His integrity, OF course, must be above
suspicion. Betrayal of confidence, even
through carelessness, would be fatal to
the man and give the service black eye
DR.. Steelman commands the confidence
of the corporation executive and the
labor leader, big and little, and expects
the same of his men.
AS youth, DR.. Steelman rode the
rods" and lived in hobo jungles while he
sought out the best-paying farm jobs to
earn money for his education. His doc
torate is Phi. D. in social ethics and
practical sociology. Secretary Perkins
discovered him teaching at Alabama Col
lege in 1888 when she delivered a COM
mencement address there and invited
him to Washington. He became director
of the service in 1887. He is far from
the academic type.
He likes people and Is optimistic, but
is not pollyanna. II one or both sides
turn on him in conciliation conference
as has sometimes happened, he can get
very tough.
Evening star., 1942-07-26

too great in period, such as a post
war readjustment period, when prices
decline and markets contract.
Other Restraints Expected.
Another factor supporting the opinion
that no legal restraints on rising land
prices we're necessary was the belief that
price ceilings on farm products, farm
labor shortages and higher wages, short
supplies of machinery, equipment and
fertilizer, and higher taxes would tend
to discourage land buying.
But recent indications that the adj
ministration has not been as successful
with the price-control program as 1t had
hoped to be have led many officials to,
change their opinion about the effective
ness of price ceilings on farm commodi-
ties in checking land prices. These ON
cials suggest that, as a precautionary
measure, it would be wise to take steps
that would prevent further advances in
land values. q
One thing that worries these officials
is the possibility that when supplies Of
consumer goods become short, as they
are expected to become within q few
months, surplus purchasing power may
enter the farm real estate market and
start an intlationary boom.
Reports from various points Of the
country tell OF many urbanites seeking
land as an investment and as a possible
refuge in event of loss Of jobs in new
postwar depression.
Recognizing the dangers. the Federal
Farm Credit Administration has inaugu-
rated an educational program designed
to make the public aware of the situa-
tion.
It also has adopted policy of re-
fusing to make loans which would en-
courage land increases It will make
loans only on what it calls a normal
value" basis.
The administration has under con-
sideration legislative proposals which
would require all farms offered for sale
to be appraised by the FCA and would
prohibit their sale at prices in excess Of
such appraisals.
Another proposal advanced Is a tax
on real estate. transfers designed to
absorb large percentage Of the profits
from the resale Of real estate. A bill
drafted by Government credit authorities,
but not yet submitted to Congress would,
impose a tax Of 10 per cent on the
amount Of the profit If the resale was
made after 10 years. The tax would be
increased to 20 per cent if resold between
and 10 years, to 80 per cent If resold
between and years, to so per cent II
resold between 18 months and years.
and 80 per cent if resold in less than
18 months
Just what measures finally may be
adopted Is a matter yet undecided. But
action of some kind appears likely in the
near future. Ofncials agree that when,
imitation really has set in. it is dificult
to stop its course. 1t Is much easier.
they say, to prevent imitation from get
ting under way.
Evening star., 1942-07-26

INVASION program. The captive peo-
pies are restless, and the map with
this article shows how they are dis
persed. In Africa it was a week of
good news for the Allies, who have
concentrated on driving the Axis
from the air and on destroying Axis
supply lines. In the Pacific the Japa-
nese showed a new aggressiveness
that won them an advanced foothold
In New Guinea. In China the Japa-
nese lost more than they won.
Evening star., 1942-07-26

When war came and labor leaders
pledged no strikes, and the President
established the National War Labor
Board, some of the unknowing remarked
to DR.. John r. Steelman, that his Con-
ciliation Service no doubt could fold for
the duration and he could take it easy.
DR.. Steelman might have hit the CELL
ing, if he was the temperamental type.
The fact is, the situations" as he calls
his case load, have more than doubled
What the unknowing forgot was this:
An expanding and prosperous industrial
condition always brings an increase in
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT controversies, and no.
strike pledges, at best, don't abolish con-
troversies and dissatisfactions.
Obviously these dissatisfactions can
not go on without something happening.
II morale suffers, productions suffers.
DR.. Steelman's staff knows pent-up emo
tlons are dangerous. They may burst in
the face Of every anti-Hitler consider
alton, and you have a work stoppage
Dr. Steelmans job is to move in be-
fore 1t is too late. The Cancellation Serv-
ice is the Nations first line of defense
against loss of production caused by in
dustrial disputes. The service is offered
free to industry and labor alike With a
handful of crack assistants in Washing
ton and 220 train and plane hopping
field men, DR.. Steelman has written an
amazing record of strikes that didn't
happen.
5000 "SituatiOns" This Year.
Since January, the Cancellation Serv-
Ice of the Labor Department has ham
died nearly 5000 Situations" which is
more than the total for all of 1910. Its
daily case load now is about 1,7OO, COM
pared with TOO last January l. OF the
5000 Situations" less than 300 have
been certified to the War Labor Board
DR.. Steelman's Office, behind the head
lines, works closely with the board and
only recommends that dispute be Ger
titled to the board as last resort. One
or beth parties to the dispute may in
sist on certiflcation, or perhaps a criti-
cal situation calls for the prestige and
war powers which the President has del
egated to the board.
IL Is no reflection on the War Labor
Board that its disposition of disputes is
slower, more expensive and frequently
less satisfactory than settlements by con-
ciliation. Here's why: Certifying dis
putes to the board, with few exceptions
means arbitration. That is, third party
the boarD hands down a decision by
which the two disputants agree to abide
But before a fair, conscientious deci-
sion may be reached, there must be
painstaking investigation, frequently
statistical research. Briefs may be writ
! ten and exchanged, and then reply briefs
may be written. A panel OF three then
writes report and submits it to the
parties for comment. Then the board
itself reviews and ponders the panel re-
port. There may be oral argument, then
decision.
That Sakes time, money and many
people. The decision often is unsatisfac-
tory to one side. If not to both. Some
times . WLB panel is able to settle 4
Evening star., 1942-07-26
Americas Thirty Third Week of War
(151st Week of World War NJ
By Blair BoHes.

Now the Of
They hammeng the
Caucasian mountains pateaus which hold the
the Nas whose thirsty
before last November and lost
with besides fervor patriotism
tackled
the spgo the preparing mighty
with the forces of Marshal Timoshenko
Behind the eastward dacng
OF western
State Cordel
popular outcry England
liberation OF the cptves the
and Sir Stafford Crp lord SEAL statements Parliament
which
Evening star., 1942-07-26
Far Eastern Front

The Japanese made move In New
Guinea which suggested new designs on
Australia, held their posts IN the A1eutlan
Islands and fought back and forth IN
conclusively against the Chinese IN
Chekiang and Kiangsi Provinces. Un-
officially it was often suggested during
the week that the japanese are prepar-
ing for an attack against Siberia, but
that remains for us In the realm OF
speculation.
In the tropical twilight Allied airmen
under the Southwest Pacific command
of Gen. Douglas Macarthur on Tuesday
saw a Japanese convoy moving south
ward along the island-dotted coast OF
New Guinea To sight was to attack,
and their fire sent one transport to the
bottom. But the Japanese continued
with their plan and began to put about
1000 soldiers ashore at Gogna Mission,
which is 100 miles from the United Ma
tons New Guinea stronghold Of Port
Moresby and $50 miles southeast OF Sala-
maua, which up to now has been the
most advanced Japanese base in New
Guinea.
BY Friday Allied air attacks had sent
three Japanese transports down in the
Coma Mission landing
Dive Bombers operation. But the
Hit Joponese japanese were unde,
tered. Not only did
they land at Coma Mission, but at Am
basi Buna, 30 miles along the shore
closer to Australia than Coma Mission,
For the first time in history Allied dive
bombers were used against New Guinea
land targets in the effort to dislodge the
invaders.
Commenting on the landing, Prime
Evening star., 1942-07-26

Caspian Sea. Then indeed would the
Caucasus be isolated from land COM
munication with the rest Of Russia he
must also break the resistance at Voro-
nezh, threat to his rear.
AS the Red Army battled to hold back
the invaders, Russian bombers were at
tacking day and night, pounding the
Axis reinforcements which streamed up
to the troops at Rostov and the troops
bound for Stalingrad
Evening star., 1942-07-26
African Front

Dust storms blew great clouds of eye
singing sand across the battlefield of
Egypt. There the Germans could find
no cause for jubilation. There, however,
Americans can see reason for rejoicing,
The Southern Jewish weekly. [volume] (Jacksonville, Fla.) 1939-1992, 1942-07-17
A Recommended Business Directory
SIGNS

Outdoor Advertising
BACHE BROS. SIGN co.
F. Bayard Bache- Philip F. Bache
Signs Of All Kinds
Truck Lettering A Specially
Phone 5-7306 lis E. FORSYTH
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1942-03-20
Alaska Highway
Funds Are Sought

Federal funds for
proposed coastal connection with
the Alaska highway will be sought
BY Glenn Darlington. chairman Of
the Seattle Chamber Of Com
merce's Alaska committee. who
left by plane for Washington.
Darlington will submit plans
preached at a meeting Of chamber
Of commerce and British Columbia
officials last week in Victoria. B.
c. calling for 200 or 250-mile
connecting road between Prince
George and the highways south
ern terminus at Dawson Creek.
r. c.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1942-03-20
H E R ELS MORE ABOUT
Trade Winds
STARTS ON PAGE SEVEN

ut Is Nickel Plate Ref SIS
Of 1874 taken as a businessman's
risk Celotex Deb as OF
1s47 retained. but amply priced
Atlantic Gulf & West Indies s. s.
Coll Tr SIS of 1889 amply priced
as war-baby issue.
Now In the time for all In
vestors TO come To the aid of
the country via the purchase of
defense bonds Celanese to
offer s7.522. 900 in conv deb sls's
lue March /. 1862 Traders
active In Southern Railway dev
& gen as of 1886 Mead Corp
LIST mtge 4i3s Of 1888 amply
priced Businessman's risk:
Texas 4 Pacific gen 4 ref b"
SIS of 1877. &C" SIS of 1879 and
ID" SIS Of 1850 Carolina,
Clinchfield a. Ohio LIST mtge As
of 1865 retained, but amply
priced.
Federal Reserve System says
farm products market prices in
creased IS per cent from out
break of war TO February, with
three-fourths of rise during past
twelve months Department
Of agriculture says farmers
using increased income to reduce
mortgage debts owed farm loan
hanks Speculative element
in all commodities markets Ger
tain congressional farm bloc will
win its fight for higher prices.
Office OF Price Administrat ton
will not confirm or deny talk
of ceiling on fats and oils
Don't hoard flour; United States
has two-year supply, despite
iease-iend shipments BraziIs
order TO ships AZ sea IN turn into
safe ports delays 100000 bags
Of coffee and 5000 bags Of
cocoa in transit to United States
=. Argentina guarding against
excess sugar exports De-
partmenf of agriculture TO re
move all corn planting restric-
tons: necessary n hog prcduc-
ton h to b. large and nj low
cost
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1942-03-20
N. W. Carloadings
For February UP

SEATTLE - carlosdings In
Washington. Oregon and North
ern Idaho gained 1872 per cent In
February over the same month
last year. the Pacific Northwest
advisory board reported Thursday
Loadings for the month totaled
e7.5s7 cars. the highest since
1e2ss l07. s13. The bulk Of the
increase was attributed 10 forest
products. which were up q per
cent.
The breakdown. by products:
Livestock, 463: grain and its prod
ucts, 1852. forest products. a.
pol; logs. 21.s25; coal, 2.50s: ore,
1645: fruit, 3.s1a: other. a)O.1ss