davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1942-11-20

nor prohibited by it to the States
are reserved to the States respec-
lively or to the people.
To Jones these provisions may
have meant that the power to
segregate citizens on the basis of
color not having been delegated to
the government by the Constitu-
ton, and being expressly pro-
hibited to the States by the Four
teenth Amendment, such power
could not, therefore, be legally as
sumed by the government.
Up and down in that New York
elevator as he carried his passen-
gers the thought was turned over
in his mind-the government has
neither the legal nor the moral
right to jim crow citizens any more
than the States.
And, said he, the reason the
Southern States continue to Jim
crow colored people in violation of
the Constitution is that they point
to the Federal Government and
say, "Get right yourself before you
criticize u.s."
Railroad companies which Jim
crow me, companies which decline
to hire me all point to the U. S.
Army pattern as an excuse" Jones
declared.
"The greatest good the govern
ment could do the States would be
to set the example in democracy"
Nobody Could Move Him
And, once Lewis Jones got that
notion in his mind, nobody could
move him. His attorneys, the Fed
eral Court, newspaper men argued
by the hour with him. They got
nowhere.
He made it plain that he was no
draft dodger. He's for the draft.
He's no conscientious objector. He
believes in war. He hates the Nazis
and the Japs. He'll fight them with
everything he has, but only in a
mixed army.
Why He Didn't Desert
He didn't run away to Canada
because desertion is cowardly. He
didn't recommend his example to
others because his convictions were
his own and he's not looking for
publicity.
He doesn't want to lose the war,
but he feels that losing the peace
will be far worse if we use undemo-
cratic methods of segregating citi-
zens because of their race, color or
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1942-11-20

Not much is being said about it.
Not much can be said about it
during war times, but a great deal
will be said about it in the future.
Lewis Jones, a six-foot gangling
American, who halls from TEXAS,
but more recently from New York,
is in Federal prison.
Jones was born in the backward
South, got his education the hard
way by earning the money for it
himself, and, like many another
ambitious American youth, went to
New York to seek his fortune.
The best he could do was get an
elevator job-a college graduate
doing the humble work that didn't
require the thinking for which he
had been trained.
Time to Think
An elevator job gives a man
plenty of time to think between
trips, and Jones thought about him
self, his color, his handicaps, his
second-rate citizenship, the world
wide emphasis on freedom and So
cial reforms. Wisely or unwisely,
he came to the conclusion that
there was too much talk about de-
mocracy and individual rights and
too little translation Of talk into
action.
Then came the draft call to enter
the U. S. Army and serve in a
segregated unit.
Nothing in the Constitution of
the United States authorizes the
government to set up separate
units based on color. In fact, the
privileges and immunities clause
expressly forbids it.
What the Constitution Says
He got the Constitution out and
read it carefully. He found this
under the Fourteenth Amendment:
No State shall make or enforce
any law which shall abridge the
privileges or immunities of citi-
Zens Of the United States nor
deny to any person the equal
protection of the laws.
Jones said to himself that means
that none of the individual States
may jim crow me (although they
do), and l have left the South be-
cause it violates the Constitution.
He re-read the Tenth Amend
ment to the Constitution, which
says:
The powers not delegated to the
United States by the Constitution
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1942-11-20
Death Rate in Southern Cities, 1881

Negroes in Harlem
You look, and shake your head,
and confess these are not figures to
be proud of. But probably condi-
tions are not so bad in the cities up
North. No, not quite so bad, the
other man agrees. Yet the good
people of New York have no rea-
son to be complacent-have they?
about the following story:
Number of Persons to the Acre
All Manhattan ........125
10 Harlem Blocks. $50
And for the privilege of living in
congestion five times the average
density, the Negro people pay any
where from so per cent to 100 per
cent higher rent.
What is there that one can say
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1942-11-20

Council of Negro Organizations is
step in the right direction. The
Council deserves the support of all
organizations and individuals.
Watch for the announcement of
the next regular meeting of the
Council.
Buy War Bonds TOdayI
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1942-11-20
Rev. Moore Did
a Good Job

Rev. Benjamin Moore, the retir-
ing president Of the st. Paul branch
of the National Association for the
Advancement of Colored People, de-
serves the community's thanks for
the fine showing of the organization
during his tenure of office.
The presidency of the average
NAACP branch is usually a thank
less, difficult job. We had hoped
that Rev. Moore would accept re-
nomination and continue the splen-
did work that he has with the as
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1942-11-20
Mrs. Luce Says a MOuthful

Racial cooperation is the keynote of resistance it must be
victory Brown and yellow the
aggression these millions of soldiers who
fight by side fighting for? Well very easy what
they fighting They fighting for the white mans
supremacy anywhere-Cong Claire Luce.
By fighting rights now American helping
and spiritual arsenal of democracyA
Phillip Randolph.
southern liberals used accelerate Negro
all they the brakesSelected
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1942-11-20

Such, then, is part of the answer
to the Negro bill of grievances. We
still have far to go in rendering the
colored people full justice, but we
have done a great deal. To hear
some people speak of what we are
going to do for the Negro people
after we have defeated Hitler, one
would imagine that up to now we
have done nothing.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1942-11-20
religion.
Is He Crazy?

Is lie crazy!
Is Lewis Jones crazy? A psy-
biologist who listened to an AFRO
reporter interrogate him for four
hours said "No."
Has he the martyr complex?
The psychologist said Maybe; the
war does that to some people. 1t
makes them either cowed or mill
tant."
Jones, himself, says he is simply
logical and that everyone who has
discussed the subject with him has
admitted his logic but urged him to
join the colors.
He didn't join. Instead, he is
serving a three-year term in Fed
eral penitentiary with the proviso
that he will be released after three
months if he consents to be drafted
into the military service and serve
with a colored unit.
Not the First
Jones isn't the first man to go to
Jail for his beliefs. In every part
of the world, in every age, men
with advanced ideas have suffered
for them.
John Brown was hanged for his.
Owen Lovejoy and many another
abolitionist were mobbed for theirs.
Quaker and Catholic, Socrates
and Paul suffered for differing
from the crowd in their thinking.
Is Jail the Answer?
Lewis Jones in jail, instead of
the army, says he is making his
contribution to democracy.
The government doesn't agree.
But this much is certain. We are
not solving the issue Lewis Jones
raises by putting him and his ideas
in Jail.
That is the way to dispose of
troublesome individuals, but the
answer to lies is truth; the answer
to wrong is righteousness; the an
swer to Fascism's challenge, we
believe, is real democracy.
Buy War Bonds TodayI
THE MINNEAPOLIS DAILY
TIMES DISCONTINUES OLD
PRACTICE
By HENRY THOMAS
The policy of designating the
race of a person in news stories
has already been discontinued by
the Minneapolis Daily Times.
George Adams of the Daily Times
discussed the matter with a COM
mittee from the Council of Negro
Organizations composed of DR.. W.
D. Brown, Mr.. Raymond W. Can
non, Mr.. C. W. Washington, Wen
dell C. Jones and Henry Thomas in
an interview, October 28th.
At that time, Mr.. Adams stated
that he thought the committee had
justifiable complaint. He invited
the committee to return again on
November II and present the mat
ter to the staff. Before the COM
mittee met with the staff it could
be observed that the Times had
changed its manner of presenting
news involving Negroes. This
change for the better had been the
primary objective of the commit
tee. Nevertheless, on November II
the committee met with Mr.. Adams
and his staff.
The committee repeated to the
staff essentially the same COM
plant that had been presented to
Mr.. Adams two weeks before,
namely that the entire Negro pop
ulation suffers through adverse
publicity given to individual Ne
groes when involved in crime and
that through such news articles the
average reader receives the i'm
preston that Negroes do nothing
but violate laws. Such an impress
sion naturally leads to the conclu-
sion that Negroes contribute little
or nothing to the community ex-
cept high costs for police enforce
ment.
During the discussion the staff of
the Daily Times showed interest
! onl ,,nlorskonJsno. TNloro ,,,o, ~ ~
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1942-11-20

in answer? We do not say what is
the answer, since a complete an
swer is not to be had. Yet a per-
son can think of more than one re-
ply that would go part of the way
to give the other side of the story.
For instance, you look at the
somber figures of Negro vital
statistics in the South and of Ne
gro crowding in Harlem, and then
you recall VirginiuS Dabney's story
in The Atlantic Monthly for last
April, about progress in Negro col
lege education.
They Go to School
Twenty-Five years ago, in 1916,
said Mr.. Dabney, the students in
Negro colleges numbered 1887.
Last year, in 1941, they numbered
$4,000. In the course of twenty
five years the increase has been
seventeen times. A few months
ago, in concentrating the CEN
tennial of New York City's public
school system, we were reminded
that in the course of that century
the school enrolment has gone up
twenty times. Negro college edu-
cation in our own time has been
growing nearly four times as fast.
What of the Negroes in high
school? Since the beginning of the
century all the children in high
school have increased twelve times,
but the Negro students have grown
forty times. Out of every thousand
Negro children of high school age
the number enrolled was:
In 1900. Is
In 1920. As
In 194O....35O
Even today there is a big anti
Negro differential in the high
school enrolment. The colored
people are 10 per cent of the pop
ulation, but they are only 5 per
cent in the high schools. They still
get only one-half of their proper
share. But at the beginning of the
century they were getting only
one-tenth of their rightful share.
Ugly Blot Fades
There is one item in the Negro
balance sheet which it does not
come easy to cite. That ancient blot
on the American record is vanish
ing, but the memory is fresh and
bites deep. Nevertheless we live in
times that call for plain speaking.
Anything may be said if it is true
and useful to America. This, then,
is the story of half a century:
Average Annual Number of
Lynchings
1890-19OO. 1925
1917-1919.... go
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1942-11-20
LIMERICKS TO SPENDTHRIFTS

There is a young man on Defense,
Who spends most of his pay without sense
Says he'll eat, drink and be merry,
There's need to be wary,
Why not live like Old Harry?
If he poor once before
He can be broke more;
He looks keen, but oh my, is he dense!
And there's the gay lass who's forgot
Lean days when she hadn't pot,
She's heard many a fable,
But shaped like Miss Cradle,
She must dress in sable
Thus, her idea of class is
To show off her chassis,
She's Miss Astor except for the yacht!
There is an old bloke with job
Whose antics right off the cob,
Though he tries the hot ticks,
He's the prince of the hicks,
As he rug-cuts with chicks
He's an Ex-W. P. A.
Now making hey-hey,
With the poorhouse just over the knob!
But let's not forget the old GAL
Who emulates frivolous Sal,
Though her strut is unsteady,
When the boys call her Hedy,
Watch her money get ready;
Fen though her time here amt long,
She's sure she'd look good in sarong;
Oh, where did she find such morale!
Now each of these four is a moron,
Successful because we've war on,
The high pay for work
Has sent them berserk;
Their steps toward initiation increase,
They won't heed suggestion
So, let's make it question,
What will they do when there's peace?
james T. Logan.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1942-11-20
Look Here!

Taylor's restaurant will serve a
full course Thanksgiving Turkey
dinner from l p. m. on for only IS
cents. Make reservations now, 300
Fourth Ave. &c., Locust $685.
Advt.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1942-11-20

sistance of his membership accom-
plished. However, recognizing the
amount of time and sacrifice such
a position requires we can sym
pathize with his desire to be re-
lieved of the responsibility, which
he has shouldered so we'll during
the past months.
Rev. Moore exemplifies the newer
religious leaders who serve the
people in the furtherance of their
everyday needs as well as on Sun
day. The St. Paul NAACP branch
certainly should have insisted that
he remain at the helm at least one
more term.
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1942-11-20
THE GOVERNMENTS ANSWER TO
LEWIS JONES Is JAIL
From Afro-American
ANSWER

BUT JAIL DOESN'T ANSWER LOGIC AND THE
QUESTION JONES RAISES OUGHT TO HAVE
LOGICAL ANSWER
Minneapolis spokesman. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1942-11-20
Reeipe-Mth holiday flavor:

!. Sift and measure c. Enriched PiIIsbUry's
Best Flour; add u tsp. baking powder Top
tionaD and l tsp. salt; sift. (The enrich
ment of Pillsbury's Best does not change its
appearance, favor, or superb baking quail
lues, but ADDS two important B-Vitamins
and IRON your family needs every day.) 2.
Cut in - c. shortening until quite fine. Add
| tsp. grated orange rnd; mix well. 5, Add
to Tbsps. cold Grunge Juice gradually,
until dough holds together. Chill, you'll
like this freSh-fruit favor in the pastry; it's
different and deliciousl) 4. Roll out crust
at a time, B-in. thick. Place in Gin, pie
pan. Trim edge. Notice how easily your
Dough rolls, how soft it Is, how tender;
three qualities you must have for crisp,
hakY GuSt-three qualities you GET when
you use PillsburY's BeStD 5. (Filling) Com
bine TbSpS. PillSbUry's Best Flour, / c.
sugar, dash of salt; add to 5 c. sliced apoISr
and l c. halVOd eFunbSniss. Blend we'll, 6.
Fill pie; dot with Tbsps. buffer. =. Roll
out rest OF pastry; cut into Min. strips; put
crissGosS on pie; flute edge, fastening strips
securely. land don't, for one moment.
doubt your results. Open your oven, slide
IN your pie KNOW that your Jobs well
donei For PillSbury's Best Is buko-proYad
tor your protectionl Each hour during mill
ing, samples of this superb -four are tested
70 assure a soft, creamy whiteness
baking quality you can really count on
no matter What you bake. Moreover, actual
baking tests are made four to six times
dailyD 8. Bake in hot oven (45OO FL for 10
min: Reduce heat to moderate (S5Oo FL
Tor So to 40 min. And there's YOUR piei
PlPing-h hot and golden-brown full of
nch, wheaty fragrance, tender Hakiness,
and luscious havor-three pastry lows
you're SURE of when Won hal . with pill,
II burys BeStl
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-01-05
Kdndr Hearing
Set by Governor

LANSING. Jan. 5.-Mayor Wal
ter Kanar Of Hamtramck. whose
custer is asked by Judge Homer
FerguSon'S grand jury on charges
~ taking parking meter bride
and permitting gambling and vice
10 flourish. will be granted hear
ing before Gov. Murray y. Van
Wagner.
The date has been tentatively
SGT for January IL AT 2 p. m, the
governor said. Arrangements for
the hearing were made by kanar's
attorney. 1t was not revealed
whether kanar intends 10 appear
The governor has The right 10
hold a hearing before making a
decision, and one was held by
former Gov. Luren y Dickinson
before ouSting former sheriff
Thomas {. Wilcox.
A hearing on the grand jury
petition 10 GUST Kanar has already
been held by Judge Maurice F..
Trip of Adrian and report made
TO the governor.
Mayor Kanar has been named
IN two grand jury warrants which
charge miSfeaSanCe and malfcas-
anCe.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-01-05
Chinese Plan
Big Offensive
After Chdngsha
Aim al DisIodeine
Japs From ThaiIand,
French Indo-China
By JACK BELDEN
IntI News service stan Correspondent


CHUNGKING. Jan. 5 - With
the cream of Japan'S Asiatic land
army annhilated at ChangSha
with a loss of 10000 men. Chinese
military officials today predicted
a general counter-offensive aimed
at diSlodging the enemy not only
from China, but from Thailand
and French Indo-Chna as well.
Army leaders said that China'S
victory at Changsha definitely
marked beginning of a full-scale
Chinese offensive Ito drive out
the Japanese and prevent their
exploitation Of occupied areas"
Many thousands more japanese
troops what was left of two full
diviSions-wcre hemmed in by q
Chinese encirclement maneuYeI
and faced humiliation.
The Chinese stand at ChangSha
marked the first great defeat sui
fered by the JapS since they ig-
nited the Far Eastern conflict
with their sneak raid on Hawaii.
II also marked the third occa-
sion in the Slno-JapaneSe war
that tho laps have met disaster
at ChanCSha.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-01-05
British Fall Back
On Nlalay;, Front
BY s. A. WYKES
Init News Service stan Correspondent

on the situation around kuantan
on the Malay east coast, where
the Japs were last reported trying
to seize control Of a British-held
airdrome.
Earlier the British had been re-
ported retarding the Jap drive IN
Perak toward the Bernam River
with the aid of increased air sup
port, including help from volun-
teey airmen stationed in Burma
An official announcement re-
vealed the American fliers and
their planes leaped into the
Malayan struggle with raid on
the Raheng TAX airdrome IN South
ern Thailand. This air base has
served as one of the takeoff points
for Jap air forays down the
Malaga Peninsula.
"a Toxic broadcast claimed
the Japs had crossed the Ber-
nam River and were approaching
"Malaya's second city preSum-
ably Kuala Lumpur, less than
200 miles above Singapore. The
JapS admitted fierce rcSlS-
lance" but claimed the fall Of
the city was only question Of
time.)
A new Jap landing on the north
-rrr- shores of on bearing BTirSh
\Borneo was announced officially
ih a communlque The invader
Landed at the port Of Weston. LOG
miles northeast of Brunei British
Ebrth Borneo capital Further de-
fails were not revealed.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-01-05

SINGAPORE, Jan. 5. - British
imperial troops fought series of
logged rear guard actions on the
northwestern Malayan front today
as the Japs attacked with power
full mechanical forces.
A new British defense line was
reported established about 70
miles north of Kuala Lumpur and
some 270 miles north of Singapore.
The Japanese are using small
tanks. armored cars, Bren gun
carriers and infantry, fully sup
ported in the air, in determined
effort 10 force the pace of the
British Withdrawal from the tin
producing lpok area.
The latest British defense line
was assumed to be south of Bidor,
where the road leading from the
scene of new japanese landing
in lower Perak state meets the
main north-South highway.
Under the British method of
withdrawal. one unit engages the
enemy armored forces while an
other passes II en- route south,
after which the second unit makes
a stand and the first falls back
During Saturday night atf-fstte
on Singapore. authorities said, II
Jap raiders succeeded only IN de-
StrOying a few straw hutS, but
caused no military damage and
less than 10 casualties.
No further word WIS rNCnINcI
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-01-05
Man, Said 10 Admit
Starting Bakery Fires

Joe Weston 10 OF $3.50 Archaic
avenue, has admitted starting four
separate fircS around the plant OF
tho Mills Baking Company Fourth
street and McrrICk avenue. where
hc has been employed for rs years
Inspector George Smith of police
arson squad SAID today.
Weston used - gallons Of eaSo-
Inc and 500 foot Of ccllophanc
10 an attempt 70 burn down tho
building Inspector Smith said. The
llreS occurred yesterday morning
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-01-05

Germans from burning Mozhaisk
after two days OF bitter street
fighting
The Russians were reported
10 have pushed into the south
eastern suburbs Of Mozhalsk. so
miles west OF Moscow wrecking
barbados and driving the Nazis
10 the western suburbs. where
the Germans are now being
"moppcd up
Meanwhile both the British
ana German radios in broad
casts heard by MIC and CHS
quoted a Finnish report admit
ting that during the last "a
hours tho Soviet forces have
launched violent attacks on the
eastern karclian 'front.'
Preventing The Gcrmans from
hating their retreat or establish
lng sheltered dcfcnSeS. the Rus
SLAMS smashed forward through
the terrific winter weather under
the slogan
Give the enemy no rest until
Germany becomes battle
ground
To tho south of MOSCoWS blood
stained front Russian forces bat
tered ~ German forces at Orc
and the industrial center of
kharkov 10 ne Donctz Basin. In
those sector, the NaI.s attempted
couplcr-attacl-@- ~4th fresh re
serves. bur Russian advlccS said
these assaults were TCpuiScd and
that the Soyiets were still adj
VaDrlug.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-01-05
) Soviet Ships
Reported Sunk

BERLIN. Jan ; by Official
German wireless liNS) Ger
man planes set five large enemy
ships on fire with bomb hits Of
'he CrUncau port of Thcodosia and
destroyed two dcStrovcrS and n
large merchant vessel hy direct
hits The Gorman high command
claimed TO-DAY
ON Tho Moscow sector 81 the
Russian front. INC NazI war hulle-
I'm asserted humorous enemy at
tackS were rcpulscd Clashes on
other sectors Wcrc q eScrlb 2 d
merely As local fighting
German bombcrS we're said 70
have attacked he Farce and Shot
land Islands N daylight raids and
also industrial establishments on
the British cast coast
Nall submarines in tho Atlantic
Ocean Arctic Ocean and Mcdlter-
rancan sank four vessels. including
a large tanker. totalling 10000
tons. II vas claimed
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-01-05
Raj Raids
Hit Reich.
Naples

LONDON. Jan. s GNS).-Brit-
iSh bombers ranged over North
west Germany in bold, daylight
raids yesterday and over occupied
France Saturday night, the air
ministry announced today, inflict-
ing considerable damage with loss
of only one plane.
The air ministry said that recon-
Nuisance flights had revealed that
Royal Air Force attacks on
Naples. Italy. caused extensive
damage" 10 military and industrial
detectives
Oil tanks. warehouses and fac
tories were said 10 have been
also was serious damaged.
In the raids over Northwest
Germany an Raj bomber com
mand, flying in single formation.
attacked railway communications
and other detectives. from a low
altitude. using both bombs and
machine guns.
No aircraft were missing from
this flight. the air ministry said.