davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1942-04-17
Women Sailors

The Navy'S plan to enlist women
for special noncombatant service
differs in one important respect from
the Army'S proposal for a Women's
Auxiliary Corps. Whereas the Army
auXiliaries would not bear military
rank nor be considered as actually
part of the Army, the Navy women,
under a bill adopted by the House,
would be sailors in fact-Subject to
naval rules and regulations but
limited to certain sphere of activity.
The Navy program is patterned in
general after the World War 'yeo-
manette" idea, which proved highly
successful. The women yeomen per-
formed meritoriously many Jobs
formerly assigned to men, thus max
ing additional man power available
for combat duty. Similarly, the
Women's Naval Auxiliary would take
over Sundry Office work now requiring
the services of men OF various grades.
For example, they would serve as
secretarial aides, as telephone and
telegraph operators, as code special
lists and as clerks of Sundry classifica-
ton Like the Army auxiliaries, they
would be volunteers, enlisted for the
duration Of the war.
II would seem, offhand, that the
Navy would have an advantage over
the Army in gaining recruits for
auxiliary service. for, as Representa-
tive Mas, sponsor of the Navy bill.
remarked. the Navy plan offers GER
tain BENEFITS Of pay and allowances
Evening star., 1942-04-17

Spring Is here.
II YOU don't believe 1t, watch a male
cardinal feed his mate a choice seed.
Some other species do this, but none
with such daintiness and charm.
The male cardinal shells a sunfiower
seed. then flies up to the female and
lovingly places it In her bill
She. in her turn, receives this atten-
ton as II she had q full understanding
of what 1t Is all about. as undoubtedly
she has.
II is this habit of the cardinals which
has given rise to the legend that they
kiss.
This kissing" is, in reality. feeding.
and nothing else. but unless the observer
is close at hand he will not see the seed
In the bill OF the male.
At some little distance, with the food
unseen, they do look as II they were
kissing.
Males of other species feed the female
as she sits on the nest
Often this courtship of the cardinals
Is begun as early as February.
Then, If a householder has bird feed
ing station close by q window, he will be
able to witness this charming little act.
At times 1t has very Hollywood
appearance. From this the spectator
may deduce. not that the birds are aping
movie actors, but that the latter do in
truth, show us nature as 1t is.
April, OF course is the nesting month
OF the cardinal.
The bluebird nests in April. too.
Other songbirds which nest during the
month are the purple grackle, blue jay,
mockingbird, white-breasted nuthatch,
robin, song sparrow, tufted titmouse and
red-bellied and hairy woodpeckers.
These. in the main. are birds which
come to local feeders all winter long
May is the great initial nesting month
of scores of species
Practically all the birds which frequent
the District of Columbia and outlying
suburban areas, both in Maryland and
Virginia, have at least two nesting pc
RODS, the second In the summer.
English sparrows began their nesting
in February, In some cases.
Often these birds have four or five
layings, and raise from 20 to IS offspring
a season, so it is no wonder that there
are a great many English sparrows. or
house sparrows, as they should more
properly be called.
Trying to feed such patches OF young
put severe strain on the parents, and
perhaps it is not surprising that one so
often sees sickly young sparrows, espe-
cially in the hot months.
Evening star., 1942-04-17
Says National Anthem Author
Was Not "a Prisoner" Of the British,

was NOt fFiSOnef OF the BRUSH.
To the Editor OF The Star:
Solicited by friends of DR.. william
Beanes, whom the British had taken
prisoner upon retreating to their ships
in the Patuxent River after capturing
and burning Washington, Francis Scott
Key secured the authority of the Gov
ernment for visiting the British feet TO
secure the old doctors release.
This authority was contained in three
letters written by Brig. Gen. John Masons
then Provost Marshal for the District
of Columbia, and were dated September
2, 1914. One was joint letter written
to both John S. Skinner, the Govern
ment agent for the exchange Of prison.
ers, and Francis Scott Key, and in
structed them, ito proceed to the quar-
ters of Maj. Gen. Ross, commanding
the British Army which lately invested
the City of Washington. to deliver him
the letter herewith handed and
endeavor by all possible means to bring
of DR.. William Beanes, ETC." The ac-
comparing letter addressed to Mr.. Skin
ner recommended: That you embark in
Baltimore and proceed down the bay"
and advised that Francis Scott Key was
joined with him in the mission.
The letter to Gen. Ross, carried by
Key, advised Ross that John q. Skinner,
agent and flag officer, and Francis s.
Key, esq" had been authorized to wait
upon him and request the release OF
DR.. Beanes, and lengthily relates. "the
substance of the case"
Under date of September s, 1914, and
heading, "Patapsco River" Mr.. Skinner
wrote Gen. Mason, Mr.. Key reached
here yesterday morning and handed me
your instructions and dispatches for
Admiral Cochrane and Gen. Ross. We
are now on our way and expect to find
them in the Patuxent and be back We'd
nesday night"
The originals of these letters now are
on file in the library of the Navy Depart
ment.
Official copies of the original log
entries of the British vessels, courteously
furnished the writer by the Public Rec
ord once, London, England, some years
since, disclose that On September Z,
1914, two days after SINNERS letter to
Gen. Mason, written aboard an Amer
ican boat in the "Patapsco River" they
reached the British feet as this entry
which appears in the log of the British
flag ship, "Tonnant," discloses: Sent a
boat on board Of flag of truce from
Baltimore" and upon the morning of
the next day. September 8, as an entry
in the log of the British frigate Sur
prise" shows their boat was taken in
tow: AT am. sent q mate and four
marines to take charge Of a sloop with
a flag of truce and at 7:30 am. took her
in tow"
An entry in the muster book of the
frigate Surprise" recites that: The crew
of IL officers and men of the American
sloop bearing flag of truce were taken
aboard as supernumeraries borne for
victuals only, on the 9th day Of Septem-
Der, 1914 and, were discharged to their
Evening star., 1942-04-17
0. c. D. Recognized

There is evidently no room for
"frills" in the Office of Civilian De-
Tense under the reorganization plan
just announced by the White House.
The executive order directing crea-
tion of an inter-agency board to
integrate civilian defense activities
g, more closely with the war program
omitS any mention of morale build
Ing or other social service work of
the type which brought so much
criticism OF the original setup. The
new o. c. D. is to be stripped for
action as a wartime administrator
and co-ordinator of essential COM
munity home defense preparations,
such as afraid precautionary meas
ures and recruiting of civilians for
participation in various phases of the
war effort.
In anticipation of this reorganiza-
ton, o. c. D. already had transferred
to the Federal Security Administra-
ton the much-publicized physical
fitness division. Federal Security
Administrator McNutt promptly per-
formed a major operation on the
division, as a result of which only
nine of its remaining thirty-six en-
ployes will be retained after May l..
This group will be merged with the
F. S. A. ONCE of Defense Health and
Welfare Services. The old physical
fitness division had been duplicat-
ing much of the program of Mr.. Nc
Nuts agency.
The establishment of an o. c. D..
advisory board composed of the
Secretaries of War and Navy. Attor-
ney General Biddle, Mr.. McNutt.
Mayor Morris ]. Tobin of Boston,
Gov. Harold Stassen of Minnesota,
Red Cross Chairman Norman n.
Davis and Executive Director Earl
D. Mallery of the American Munich
palities Association has the twofold
effect of providing o. c. D. with an
effective balance wheel and of tying
the agency directly to Federal, State
and municipal groups concerned
with community war problems.
The reorganization should greatly
assist Civilian Defense Director
Lands in developing o. C. D. into an
emergency agency capable of making
an important contribution to the
Nations war effort behind the lines.
Evening star., 1942-04-17

step forward a plan inaugurated
some time ago when scarcity of bot
toms caused similar action at several
ports on both coasts.
The embargo, promulgated through
the Association of American Rail-
roads, is effective Immediately. The
fact that 1t can be applied universally
without delay is further demon
stration of the careful preparations
which the carriers have made to
cope with emergencies arising out OF
the rd-breaktng freight move
ment-preparations which have been
reflected in highly efficient handling
OF the tremendous volume of busi-
ness which contrasts sharply with
conditions at the time of the First
World War.
That the railroads have found 1t
necessary to widen the restrictions
on commercial shipments, however,
indicates that the ship shortage is
being felt with increasing severity.
Evening star., 1942-04-17

not permitted under the Army bill.
Moreover, the opportunity to serve
as q bona fide member of the armed
forces. rather than as a civilian
adjunct as contemplated in the Army
arrangement, would have special
appeal TO many women. The wiser
course would be to bring the two
auxiliary plans into closer harmony,
so as to avoid destructive competi-
ton that might hamper the Army
in carrying out its auxiliary program.
Evening star., 1942-04-17
Roll Emburqo

The railroads wisely are proceeding
on the ounce of prevention theory
In refusing to accept commercial
freight for export unless conSignors
can show that ship space is avail
able for prompt dispatch. This
course serves the dual purpose of
preventing congestion either at the
ports or out on the line and corre-
Spondingly will facilitate the move
ment of Army and Navy and lease
lend freight, which is not affected
by the embargo.
In applying this restriction to COM
nercial shipments bound for all
ports, the railroads are carrying q
Evening star., 1942-04-17

conquerors. Yugoslavia, too, has been
rich in Quislings, reactionary pro-Fas-
cists who would have been submerged
in free Yugoslavia. The problem Of
Yugoslavia has been serious, however,
for the Italians and Germans. Forces
Of Gen. Mihailovic have reconquered
third of Serbia. The attempt to create
a puppet state of Croatia has been un-
successful. Killings of foreign agents
have been so numerous that Hungarian
and Bulgarian troops put to work as an
army of occupation have protested.
The genius In charge Of the admins
trative organization of the conquered
territories Is DR.. Alfred Rosenberg, Hit
ler's racial theorist, the man who "ad-
ministers" the Man doctrine Of Aryanism.
Evening star., 1942-04-17
The Flying Tiger

The announcement that Colonel
Claire L. Chennault. commander of
the famous Flying Tigers" of the
Burma road, has been promoted TO
brigadier general and recalled to
active duty with the United States
Army is good news.
Colonel Chennault-his promotion
awaits confirmation-has come to
be regarded as something Of a mira
Gle worker because of the amazingly
successful results his American Vol
unteer Group has achieved in COM
bat with the japanese. But there Is
nothing miraculous about it. Here,
as in the case of virtually all success
full military operations, success is
the product of intelligent and careful
preparation.
There Is no reason to suppose that
the pilots in the volunteer group are
inherently better than other Ameri-
can and British pilots, nor Is their
equipment from either quantita-
tive or qualitative standpoint any
better, II as-good But they have had
the great advantage of specialized
training in japanese combat tactics
from one who is probably the best
informed white man in the world on
Japanese air technique.
In 1937-then Captain-Chennault
was retired from the Army Air Corps.
He intended to spend his retirement
period leisurely down In Louisiana,
but it was not long until he was in
duced to go to China to train the
Chinese Air Force. 1t was. at that
time that he began the study of
Japanese tactics which was put to
such good use when the American
volunteer unit was formed from
pilots who had been permitted to
resign from the United States Army
and Navy air forces to undertake
the guarding of the Burma road.
Under the tutelage of Colonel
Chennault, the Flying Tigers" were
taught to forget how to fly "by the
book" The japanese had sacrificed
armor and armament, with the re-
suit that their pursuit planes were
fast and extremely maneuverable.
The outnumbered A. v. G. pilots
could not afford to use conventional
tactics against them, for the Japs
were prepared for these. But they
did not do so well against the SEEM
ingly unorthodox flying methods in
which Colonel Chennault's pupils
had been so carefully Schooled; in
fact, the japanese lost about ten
planes to each one that they shot
down. One A. v. G. squadron leader
has summed 1t up this way: THE
Japs don't know what the devil to
make of our tactics. The old boy
Colonel Chennault) was absolutely
right and that is why we have
bumped of so many of them"
1t seems that the experience which
Colonel Chennault has used to such
good advantage In Burma might well
be given a larger field Of employment
in training the pilots of our own air
forces, If that is the significance
OF his recall, it is indeed a welcome
move
Evening star., 1942-04-17
FRANCIS s. KEY-SMITH.
Pleads for Consideration
OF forgotten Classes"
To the Editor of The Star:

Pleads for Consideration
OF forgotten Classes"
To the Editor of The Star:
Another forgotten class is the many
older people and widows who had saved
q few thousand dollars thinking they
would give them enough income to- live
on If they were very careful and lived
simply.
But new oppressive laws have swept
away these hopes of security for many
of us. Money in banks brings too little
interest now to count. Dividends on
stocks keep getting smaller and with
taxes, labor unions increasing demands,
etc, we do not know how long we will
get anything at all.
Some people are putting their little
savings In houses as safe means OF sure
income, but that seems too risky now
with the high cost Of labor to keep them
up. And since rents are not allowed to
be raised along with the high cost Of
everything else, there would be no rent
money left after payment of taxes, in
surance and high upkeep costs.
Why doesn't the Government think of
us in all of these fancy plans for spend
ing money? Even II we own our own
homes we have to have money to eat
and pay taxes and insurance I wish
the papers could print something to in
duce the Government to consider these
forgotten classes
MRS WILLIAM MARSHALL,
Dit Da
Evening star., 1942-04-17

own ship on the 18th Of September,
1914"
This last entry confirms the state.
ment OF Chief Justice Roger q. Taney,
Keys brother-in-law, who wrote in 1857:
Upon reaching the patapsco Mr.. KEY
and MIR. Skinner were sent ON board
their own vessel, with guard of sailors
or marines to prevent them from land
ing. They were permitted to take DR..
Beanes with them and they thought
themselves fortunate In being anchored
In position which enabled them to
see distinctly the flag of Fort McHenry
from the deck of their vessel"
The attack upon the fort occurred on
the afternoon of September IS, two days
after the feet reached the Patapsco, and
they were returned to their own boat.
Notwithstanding Chief Justice Taney's
statement is borne out by the logs of the
British vessels, there always have been
those who have insisted that Key was q
prisoner aboard a British man-of war
when he wrote the National Anthem.
Such persons seem TO believe that plac-
ing Key prisoner on a British vessel
In some way gloriies his memorable
achievement and the occasion when such
falsifying of the record necessarily de-
tracts from the glory OF both.
FRANCIS s. KEY SMITH.
Evening star., 1942-04-17
Victor
The earth is q healer,

The earth is q healer,
Rfrdled by none.
When nankind's mad bombing
And blasting are done,
The earth ioiH start wedDinc
A Paisley shdlDl
To couer the scar-mdrks,
Bomb-shelters, and all.
Intricate stitches
And delicate ldcea
In soft green ioiH border
The shelI-shattered places.
The earth tDiu be pictor
(And not fire a DolleyU
The tDtnner once more
0per mans latest folly.
NANCY RICHEy RANSOM.
Evening star., 1942-04-17
Letters to the Editor

Letters to the Editor must
bear the name and address OF
the i0riter, although the use OF
pSeudonym for publication is
permissible. The Star reserves
the right to edit all letters NTH
q UtetD to condensation.
Evening star., 1942-04-17

VI, Wnen ana Wnere was bne navy OF
q nation surrounded by an army and
forced to surrender7-T. Y.
A. During the reign of terror, the
French armies we're sent 10 protect the
threatened frontiers OF the country.
Gen. Pichegru led an army into Amster-
feet was ice-bound In the zuider Zee
near the harbor Of Amsterdam. Pichegru
surrounded the fleet with his cavalry and
compelled 1t TO surrender. The result
was that the government OF the country
collapsed and Holland was forcibly allied
to France In 17e5.
@. How many different colors Of
human eyes are there2-A. N. T.
A. Seven different colors OF human
eyes have been listed: Blue, brown,
black, gray, hazel, green and, In albinos.
pink.
@. Which Is the most popular paint
ing in the National Gallery OF Art'--
r. T. c..
A. The ALBA Madonna" by Raphael.
is the favorite, Judging by the number OF
reproductions sold.
@. How does 1t happen that on tie
map Greenland looks as large as Aus
tralia. yet 1t is actually much smaller
in areaf--J. H. d.
A. This is due to the fact that many
aliases show Mercator maps of the
world. Though the directions and shapes
are correct in the Mercator projection.
the sizes are not. The Arctic and
Antarctic regions appear too large. The
only really correct representation of
the earth's surface is by means Of o
globe
@. Does Ascension Day always come
on Thursday7-M. A.
A. Ascension Day comes 40 days after
Easter, hence 1t always falls on a
Thursday. 1t Is sometimes called Holy
Thursday.
@. To what extent are civil service
employees eligible for the draft7-A. L. X.
A. Civil service employees are eligible
for the draft and do not receive special
preference because Of their past servics
with the Federal Government.
Q. In how many different shapes do
snowfiakes FORMS. r. s.
A. 1t is an accepted fact that ons
snowflake never duplicates another. Ac-
cording to the laws by which 1t La
formed, snowflake may assume any
one of q number OF possible forms run
ming into billions OF billions.
c. Why did not President Grant use
his correct name?-A. ". d.
A. The Congressman who appointed
him to West Point had always heard him
called Ulysses, or by his nickname, Use
less, and did not know that his first name
was Hiram. He felt that he should have
a middle name and, knowing that his
mothers middle name was Simpson.
wrote the appointment in the name Of
Ulysses Simpson Grant, which was the
name always used thereafter by President
Grant.
O. BY whom was cold cream inventeds
B. r. r.
A. Cold cream was invented by Galen.
ancient Greek physician. His formula
is essentially the same as used today.
c. How far does the average person
walk in q day?-G. B.
A. The average person walks about
$4,000 steps or 7N miles in q day.
@. In which States are the most auto
mobiles?-F. s.
A. In 1s4l California led in the num-
Der of passenger automobiles registered.
followed by New York. Pennsylvania and
Illinois.
Evening star., 1942-04-17
Huskin's Answers
To Questions
BIZ Frederic J. Hdskin.


A reader con get the dastcer to any
question Of fact BY sDrittno The Epe-
ning Star Information Bureau. Fred
eric J. HaSkiH. director. Washington,
d. c, Please tnclose stamp for reply.
@. What is the national flower OF
RuSSia7-A. r. S.
A. The u. S. s, r. has no flower
chosen as the national flower, but the
red carnation is very popular.
@. How much did sugar cost during
the last war7-L. II. L.
A. During the World War sugar In
the United States sold as high as Is
cents pound, and 10 cents was often
quoted as q fair price. Seventeen cents
was set as the price by the Attorney
General at the end OF 1919,
@. Is the Indian population of this
country increasing or decreasing
D.
A. Indians are increasing rapidly.
Population studies indicate that II pres
ent trends continue Indians may number
100000 or more within the next 20 years.
This is the number conservatively esti-
mated to have been here In the time Of
Columbus
Evening star., 1942-04-17

The Associated Press is exclusively entitled 20
the use feT republication OF ali news dispatches
credited 70 II or not otherwise credited in this
paper and also the local news published herein
Ali Tishts Of publication Of special dispatohes
harein also are reaerved
Evening star., 1942-04-17
PARLIAMENTARY LA W.

PARLIAMENTARY L A W.
This handy 32-page booklet COW
ers in simple terms every phase
OF the subject-how to organize
a new association; how 10 pre-
side; how to conduct elections
and reorganiZationS. A model
constitution and bylaws are pro-
vided to guide the formation Of
new societies. A handbook on
the rules OF order is indispensable
to the citizen who takes part In
community affairs. To secure
your copy OF this publication In
close 10 cents In coin, wrapped IN
this clipping, and mail TO The
Star Information Bureau.
-------~-----
Name
------------------
Address
Evening star., 1942-04-17

AS an interesting item for the So
What department. it happens that
Christianity was first introduced into
Japan In lS42, rust 400 years ago.
Evening star., 1942-04-17
Praises Editorials
In Lighter Vein.
Pittsburgh, Pa.

Praises Editorials
In Lighter Vein.
To the Editor Of The Star:
see by the paper that your readers
are praising this, that and the other
article or writer In The Star, and rightly
so. Now, may this delighted reader be
allowed to express her appreciation of
the little essays, so engagingly funny.
appearing at the end of the row of your
more weighty editorials? Thanks for
the little darlings. They are great!
About this Second World War, why
not call It 'the Two Worlds War? You
know, us against them, the world Of
democracy and decency against the
world OF Herrenvolk and tyranny?
A. r.
Evening star., 1942-04-17
Rate. by Mail-PayabIs in Advance.
Member of the Associated Press.

Entered as Eeennd-clAss matter post once,
Washington. d. c.
Evening star., 1942-04-17

@. To what extent are civil service
employees eligible for the draft7-A. L. X.
A. Civil service employees are eligible
for the draft and do not receive special
preference because Of their past servics
with the Federal Government.
Evening star., 1942-06-08
Washington Produce

BUTTER-93 score. tubs, 3ai7 l-pound
prints, 40; i4-pound prints. 4ui2; a2 score,
tubs. IS: 1-pound prints. 3sl2. l4-pound
prints, 20, al score. tubs, 37i2; l-pound
prints. IS; i4-pound prints, 3si7; 90 score
tubs 81: l-pound prints. 31l2; i.pound
prints, 3s. 80 score. tubs. 36lz: l-pound
prints. 81 i.-pound prints. 3717: ss
score, tubs, 30, l-pound prints. 36is;
l4-pound prints, 81.
LIvEsToCK-Calves. IA; spring lambs,
a
From Agricultural Marketing Admins
tration. Prices paid net fob. Wash
ington.
EGGS-Market steady Prices paid for
Federal-State graded eses received from
grading stations june 3: Whites. U. 8. ex-
tras, large. 34I7-35, average, rs: U. s..
extras. medium, 81; U. s.; standards.
ards. medium. 80; U. S. trades. 81.
Browns. U. S. extras. large, 33i7-34,
average. "A; U. S. extras, medium, "al7-
30. average 30; U. 8. standards, large.
II 81, average. 3lia: U. S. standards,
medium. 27I2-2s average 2s U. S
trades, ~ Nearby ungraded eggs. cur
rent receipts: Whites, 27-ca; mixed col
ors, 36?s Receipts, Government-sraded
egcS 4lu cases
LIVE POULTRY-Market STEADY. Fowl,
colored. pounds and up 2l22: Leg
horn hens, 3i2 pounds and up, 1915: No.
IS. l0-iI, BOOSTERS, 1919. Chicken.
Delaware and Maryland, rocks and crosses,
broilers and fryers, all sizes "a: No.
IS IS; reds, 80: Leghorns, 20. Turkeys
old toms. Is hens. 2O-2l.