davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1942-12-27
Americans Accept Rationing
And Liberty Curbs to Win War
Nation Turns to Unprecedented Production to
Overwhelm Enemy on Land and Sea and
in Air on All Fronts
" a r

tember had promised Stalingrad to the
German people.
November was the greatest month Of
the year for the United States from the
military standpoint. American and Brit
ish troops, conveyed by the British Navy
from England and the American Navy
from the United States, converged, on
the night of November 8, on the French
North African countries of Morocco and
Algeria. After brief fighting, the regions
fell to the Allies, who enlisted the sup
port of Admiral Jean Francois Darlan,
the chief of the army and navy in the
Vichy government. He chanced to be
in the city of Algiers when the Allies
arrived there, and 1t. Gen. Dwight D.
Eisenhower, the commander of the Eu-
ropean theater for the American Army
and the command of the Allied armies
in North Africa, arranged for the CO.
operation which led to his death.
The invasion of North Africa had
series of political consequences which
probably will influence our future rela-
tions with France until the country is
put back on its feet after the peace.
First, the invasion was the signal for
the Vichy government of Marshal Petain
and Pierre Laval to break off relations
with the United States after a pretense
OF neutrality for two years and four
months. Second, the severance of rela-
Evening star., 1942-12-27
Course Of War Turns From Axis
+ AS Allies Assume Offensive
japanese Halted and Crippled, Nazis Give Ground
in Russia and Face Rout in Africa
s. as New Year Nears

Army and Navy. The fact that Mr.. Nell
son did not choose to exercise these DOW
ers plunged the War Production Board
into year-long conflict with the Army
and Navy, which sought to dominate the
wartime industrial program.
The global nature of the war into
which the United States has been
plunged was stressed in January by two
events which took place on far-apart
points on the planet-the American NAVY
took part in battle with a Japanese
fotilla in Macassar Straits, in the Dutch
East Indies, and American soldiers
landed in Ulster.
February was month Of few political
but many military developments and
they were invariably unfortunate except
for the naval raid on the Marshall and
Gilbert Islands in the Japanese region Of
the Pacific Ocean. This raid demon
strated the potential tactical abilities of
the American Navy. The Navy suffered,
however, in the popular estimation dur
ing February by the mishap to the great
liner Normandie, which had been taken
over by the United States.
At its North River dock in New York
City the ship caught afire and capsized.
Workmen repairing 1t had been careless
with blow torches. The Navy was guard
Ing the ship, whose loss was unfortunate
IN = war where it became soon obvious
Evening star., 1942-12-27

factory output for war and the distribu-
ton of foodstuffs.
In July the controversy between the
Army, as represented principally by 1t.
Gen. Brehon B. somervell, chief of the
Services OF Supply, U. S. A., and the War
Production Board became intense. The
Army wanted to dominate the produc-
ton program in the military interest,
while the WPB sought to maintain some
stability between military and civilian
needs. The military services were repre-
sented by the Army and Navy Num-
tions Board. The controversy was COM
plicated by questions regarding lend
lease, because the disposition of some
military men was to oppose distributing
American-made goods to our Allies. In
an interview, Donald Nelson, chairman
Of the WPB, said he was going to get
tough" and run his own show, but
months passed before he came out on top.
In August the United States and her
Allies scratched the fringes Of the enc
mics domain by invading the dsland of
Guadalcanal in the Solomons and by
raiding the resort of Dieppe on the coast
of France. At the years end the United
States is still slowly expanding its hold
Evening star., 1942-12-27

intensity their attacks on shipping on
the United States coasts, and the gaso-
line problem became stringent because
many Of the tankers in which gasoline
had been shipped from the Gulf Coast
refinery areas to the Atlantic Coast were
being sunk. Gasoline rationing was or
dered for the Eastern States, and sugar
rationing was ordered, to begin in May.
Much American sugar is imported to the
United States in ships. and ships were
at premium.
March brought some measure OF en-
couragement in the gloom which was
settling over America in the escape to
Australia of Gen. Douglas Macarthur.
He had become great national hero
through his fighting and literary prowess
on the tiny peninsula Of Bataan, where
the issue of whether Japan would take
the Philippines would be settled. In
Australia, 1t was understood, Gen. Mac.
Arthur would organize the counterat-
tack against Japan. The Navy gave
the national feeling a boost by another
Pacific raid, this time on Marcus Island
and Wake Island. But our enemies
strode ahead. The Japs took Java, pearl
of the Indies, and moved into Rangoon,
Burma, the chief port Of supply for
China.
Bataan was evacuated in April, but
Army flyers, led by Brig. Gen. James
Doolittle, bombed Toxic. The colonial
government Of Burma fed before the
Evening star., 1942-12-27

nation bill which President Roosevelt
asked for-with certain pronounced
notifications The strong farm bloc in
sisted that labor costs be included in the
mystic symbol Of parity in adjusting the
ceilings of farm products, but the insist
ence came to nothing and President
Roosevelt got the bill pretty much as he
had asked for 1t. 1t was the last favor
he obtained from Congress with one ex-
ception-the passage of bill providing
for the drafting Of boys l8 and 10. Con-
gress refused to permit him to suspend
tariff and immigration laws for the du-
ration in the interest of better prosecu-
ton Of the war. This step marked the
beginning Of Congressional revolt that
may 60 Tar in the coming year, when a
new Congress meets
To head the anti-inf1ation program,
President Roosevelt cajoled James F..
Byrnes into leaving his post as Supreme
Court justice and into taking the new
job of Director of Economic Stabiliza-
ton. Mr.. Byrnes was established in an
ofhce in the east wing of the White
House, where Admiral Leahy and Harry
Hopkins, the Presidents confidential ad-
wiser on the supply needs Of the Allied
governments, also have ofIices. He CO.
ordinates the scheme for price-control,
through the Once of Price Administra-
ton, and wage-control, through the War
Evening star., 1942-12-27
By Blair BoHes.

Five days from now the year 1912 will
end. but its memory will be sharp in the
United States for years to come. During
Its 365 days this country has gone through
changes SO far-reaching and profound
that 1941 seems long. long ago.
In order to fight the most momentous
war since the beginning of time the
United States has had it's economic and
social life forced into strange and narrow
channels from which it may not soon
escape, even after the war is over.
The United States is celebrated every
where in the world as a country where
the standard of living is high, where
political freedom is general and where
the automobile is the universal vehicle
In 1912 these pre- eminent Characters
tics OF the United States have all been
modified. Although the national income
reached its highest mark in history,
$4,000 100000, the standard of living
suffered because materials to purchase
and housing space to live in became
scarce. The military requirements of
war have limited political freedom by
putting curbs on freedom of the press
through censorship and by putting curbs
on the activities of some American citi-
Sens-especially the American born chill
dren of Japanese immigrants, who havs
Evening star., 1942-12-27

people In October by passing the new
revenue bill, which drew into the income
tax net millions Of low-income persons
who in the past knew income tax laws
only as something other persons paid.
The bill is designed to raise $8,525 900 900
this coming year, or less than one-tenth
OF the sum of money appropriated by
Congress during 1912. AS part of the
scheme for protecting the United States
against the ravages of imitation. the tax
bill limits to $4,000 the net on salary
that any one person may retain after his
taxes are paid. President Roosevelt in
December requested that similar CELL
ing be placed on incomes derived from
investment and other sources.
The war news took on tinge Of
brightness In October. In the Solomons
the Navy scored q major victory over
the Japanese which halted their intense
efforts to reinforce the Japs on Guadal-
canal In order to drive the Americans
from that island. Gen. Macarthur re-
turned to the front, this time in New
Guinea, and began long drive from
Port Moresby, on the southern shore of
Papua, toward the Jap emplacements OF
Coma and BuAa, across the Owen STAN
ley Range Of mountains on the Papuan
north shore. The Russians cheered the
anti-Axis world by frustrating the Ger
man effort to take the industrial city of
Stalingrad on the volga. Hitler in Sep
Evening star., 1942-12-27

last January, and the factories were
converted to wartime uses.
The year also witnessed a marked
change in the currents of thought in
America. Since 1888 the United States
has supported the New Deal idea of CEN
tralized political authority reaching into
every aspect of our lives Nineteen Hun
dred and Forty-two, at the very time
when war made necessary new political
controls, paradoxically brought falling
OF In the extent of popular acceptance
Of control and an increasing vexation
with power of the executive branch of
the Government. This decline was en-
phasized in November by the congress
sional and State elections, in which Re-
publicans gained great strength from
the Democrats, who have carried the
New Deal banner.
For the United States the war was "a
days old when 1912 arrived. January
brought events which drove home the
meaning of war. President Roosevelt
presented to Congress budget calling
for expenditure of $56, 5000, ,000, 900. Less
than SO years ago Congress astonished
the country by appropriating $1,000 yO0o,-
600 In one year The President estab-
hshed the War Production Board with
Donald Nelson as its chairman, and he
issued an executive order which gave Mr..
Nelson the power to assume Dictator
ship over American industry and to con-
trol the procurement program Of the
Evening star., 1942-12-27

In November, the Jap Navy made
new try to reinforce Guadalcanal, and
once more the Japs suffered disaster.
Kill Japs. Kill Japs. Kill more Japs.
Sink ships. Sink ships. Sink more
ships" That was the clear direction
given to the American men of the sea
In November in the Solomons by the
officer in charge of the war in that area,
tough old Vice Admiral William F.
Halsey, jr. They carried out his order.
and Secretary of the Navy Knox in De-
cember commented that the Japs had
lost so many ships in their vain tries
around the Solomons that their over
seas operations were severly hampered.
In November, the British 9Th Army in
Egypt, supplied heavily during the sum-
mer from the United States and fortified
by American Army Air Forces, struck at
Marshal Rommel and drove him back
from Ell Alamein out Of Egypt and into
Libya.
In November the people of the country
disclosed an irksome restlessness about
the Governments course in the war.
At the polls the United States elected
a new House Of Representatives and
voted on one third Of the Senate The
trend ran away from the Democrats.
who, in the new Congress that meets
January 6, 1943, will have bare ma
jority. The Republicans gained A seats
In the House and in the Senate; the
(See REVIEW. PAGE B-3)
Evening star., 1942-12-27

been sent to concen-
tration camps.
The use of the au-
tonobile has been
severely restricted by
the inadequacy of
the Nations gasoline
supply, which has
been lowered by the
requirements of war
and by the compar-
ative failure of trans
portation facilities
for civilian needs. It
has been restricted
further by the scare
ity Of rubber, which
the United States OBJ
tanned in the past
from the Indies and
Malayan regions now
held by Japan, and
by the needs for war
industry. The man.
ufacture Of the auto
mobile was halted
Evening star., 1942-12-27

that the issue would
be decided only when
the Allies had ships
enough to move.
troops and supplies
all over the globe.
In February Sing
apore fell to Japan,
and Japan's drive
against the Indies
opened in earnest.
A rich part of the
world from which
the United States
for years had drawn
the raw materials
that provided the
foundation for much
of our economy was
disappearing into
that dark and in
accessible pen known
as the Japanese En-
pire. s
In March German
TT kNnke konor IN
Evening star., 1942-12-27

Labor Board. Re-,
quests for increases
In wages and salaries
Tor workers in Amer
icAn private business
and industry were
ordered to be
cleared through Mr..
Byrnes. Wages Of
farm workers get
ting less than $2,5N
4 year-which af-
fects practically all
farm labor IN the
United States-were
put In the province
Of Claude Wickard,
the Secretary of
Agriculture. who in.
December was named
war food admins
traitor.
Congress imposed
q further curb on
the economic free
dom Of the American
Evening star., 1942-12-27

tions was the signal
for Hitler and Mus
solini to decree the
occupation Of all
France. down to the
Mediterranean shore
across the sea from
the Allied position in
North Africa. Third,
the arrangement with
Darlan prompted a
controversy about
the wisdom of deal
ing with a man who
had been denounced
repeatedly in the
United States and
Great Britain as q
collaborationist with
the Axis. President
Roosevelt vigorously
supported Gen. Eli
senhower's arrange
ments in a public
ment made at his
press conference.
Evening star., 1942-12-27

made the Joint Chiefs of Staff Com
mittee, on which Leahy sits with the
chief of naval operations, Admiral Ernest
King; the Chief Of Staff. United States
Army, Gen. George Catlett Marshall, and
the chief of the United States Army Air
Forces, 1t. Gen. H. H. Arnold. This COM
mittee meets with the central allied stra-
tegic committee, the Combined Chiefs of
Staff Committee. which has representa-
tives only Of the United States and Great
Britain. These countries during 1912 set
up also Combined Production Board and
a Combined Food Board to integrate the
Evening star., 1942-12-27
on jungly Guadal-
canal. Dieppe was
q disaster, in that

on jungly Guadal-
canal. Dieppe was
q disaster, In that
5000 casualties oc-
Cured. After q long
trial, a special COM
mission ordered the
execution of six
here illegally to
commit sabotage
for their German
masters. The men
were landed on
Florida and Long
Island from Ger
man submarines.
India became =
problem once again
In August. The
An-India Congress
party, displeased by
the failure of Great
Britain to seek an
Indian settlement
after the Cripps
mission collapse,
voted to conduct .
civil disobedience
campaign. While
censorship hid most
OF the facts, there
were riots in Bonn
Evening star., 1942-12-27

advancing Japa-
nese and 1t was
obvious that Bur-
ma was doomed.
This meant that
China, strong ally
in the Orient,
would be isolated,
and that the Japs
would move to the
borders of India.
At once India be-
came a political
question.
Early in the win
ter the old cry for
Indian independ-
ence from England
had been raised,
and late In Macrh
the British govern
ment sent Sir STAFF
ford Cripps, q La
Dor party lawyer
with a reputation
for liberalism, to
India with an offer
of post war free
dom. The talks
begged down on the
question of the in
terim governmental
Evening star., 1942-12-27

(See REVIEW, Page B-3.)
La gaceta., 1942-11-27

catura del gaucho. AL mismo ITEM
pc, las caracterizaciones de sus gau-
chos 10 tentaron de manera perma-
nente a aleiarse de las formalidades
diplomaticas. SIN embargo, su ge-
MO creative esta cooperando incon-
mensurablemente a estrechar los
lazos de la buena vecindad y ell en-
tendimiento mutuo de las naciones
del Nuevo Mundo.
En- 1926, Molina Campos ofreci6
al p1blico porteno la primera expo
sicion de sus trabajos. BESIDE en-
tonces sus obras han sido exhibidas
en- 10 centres artfsticos, en- las ciu-
dades de Buenos Aires, Paris,
Nueva York, y Los Angeles.
Despues de la exhibition de sus
obras, en- Nueva York, permaneci6
en- los Estados Unidos durante un
aho y medic. Luego regres6 a la
Argentina por corto tempo, pero
ell entusiasmo de la cooperation in
teramericana, 10 hizo regresar a los
Estados Unidos a hacer una serie de
ilustraciones para revistas. En-
tonces Hollywood 10 llam6,
La gaceta., 1942-11-27

ma Observation-Disclosures de la vida
economical, un retorno a la liber-
tad economical, incluso al liberia
lismo econ6mico, mientras los
extremistas del Partido les ia
chan de hombres anticuados Y
accnsejan I'm mayor rigor en- e.
control del Partido y del Estado
Sobre toda la vida de Italia, aun
a costa de una "nueva revolu.
ci6n."
Concurren otras circunstan-
cias. Ell pueblo italiano esta Ne
gando a convencerSe cada Jfa
con mas fuerza que la guerra Sc
esta hacienda exclusivaments
en- provecho de AIemania. FL &c
de Agosto, Gayda escribi6 ur
largo articulo en- ell "Giornale d
Italia" extendi3ndose de nue.
La gaceta., 1942-11-27
PUDO DESEMBARCAR RE-
FUERZOS Ell ENEMIGO

Melbourne, Australia, Nov. q
IA pesar de los ataques de la
aviaci6n aliada, los japOneses 10
graron deSembarcar refuerzos y
ahOra su resistencia es firme en-
81 sectH Buna-Gona Pocos cam
bios han ocurrido en- las Gltimas
"a horas.
BESIDE la noche del 10 haSta Ia
fecha, dos bombarderos america
nos y australianos han hundido
un crucero, cuatro destructores
Y dos embarcaciones auxiliares
Els probable que otro destructor
haya sido SepultadO en- e.
mar.
Manda las trOpaS niponas e.
teniente general Tomatore Ho-
Ri.
I'm deSpacho de la Nueva Gui
nea habla de fanatica ~resisten-
La gaceta., 1942-11-27
0POSICION A LA ORDEN
DEL PRESIDFNTE QUE Ii
MITA LOS SALARIOS

Washington, Nov. 27.-Patro
cinada por los ''privilegiados,
crece en- la alta camara la agi.
taci6n contra la orden del pre-
sidente Roosevelt que senala a
los salaries un limite de $25, 900
anuales
FL Senador George, dem6cra-
Ia de Georgia, estima que la or
len es innecesaria e inconve-
niente y que ell jefe de estado no
tiene autoridad para expedirla.
BaSa d presidente su autori-
dad en- los poderes que Sc lie die
ron bajo ! alley de rehabilitation
Economical aprObada por las
dos camaras en- ell mes de octu-
bre.
La gaceta., 1942-11-27
Veinte amos de despotismo en- Italia
Ell fascismo Sc ha vendido a los amos nazis
(POR GUIDO DELLA ROSA)

LOndres, Noviembre.-Al cum
plirse ell % de Octubre de 1912
los veinte amos de dominic fas-
cista y de dictadura de Mussoli-
nj, ell pueblo italiano al contem-
Ylar 81 pasado, ell presente y Ell
future, dabe haber sentido que
no pudo haber caido sobre ell
pals uns Gatastroie de mayor
magnitua. Porque es un hecho
incontrovertible que, por obscu-
re que pudieSe parecer ell future
de Italia durante los amos de in
trarquilidad que culminaron ha
70 veinte amos en- la conquista
fasciSta del poder, aquello no
fue NADIA comparable con la COM
pleta ruina politica y economics
que tiene hundida a Italia &C.
tualmente como cOnsecencia de
la guerra, una guerra impueSta
al pueblo pOr la volunta de Mus
S0ini y que, aunque terminara
con una victoria alemana, colo
caria a Italia bajo la eSclavicId
total de los naZiS.
Durante ounce amos, pOr no
decir veinte, ell fascismo ha es-
tado hacienda juegoS malaNbares
con la estructura social y econo-
mica de Italia, sosteniendo STEM
pre- al pueblo con las promesas
de un future mejor. La mayor
de todas fu6 la que Sc llam6 Els
tado Cooperative. Toda la vida
del pals, haSta la actividad mas
psquena, fue tratada como la &C.
lula de una conception secreta
Uamada ell EStado f~asciSta, que
debia ser un ejemplo para todc
a. mundo. GQue ha sido de ella?
iHace mas de un ano venimos O.
yendo a Farinacci ell enfant
terrible del regimen decir que
a EStado cooperative ha demos
TRADE ser incapaz de controlar
la distribution y precios duran.
te la guerra!
La misma conception econ6-
mica Sobre la que sc suponia iba
q descanSar el EStado corpora
two, esta sufriendo cambios tan
radica.eS que eQuivalen a un de-
rrumIbamiento. Por eSpacio de
mas de un ano ha venido libran
dose una batalla entire los extre-
mistas que tienen el control del
partido, de un lado, Y los secto-
res mas sanos y viejos, unidos
a los industriales, del otro. En-
nombre de las classes industrial
les, el economista De Stefani, u
no del oS viejos pilares del fas-
cismo, ha estado aconsejando u
La gaceta., 1942-11-27
MURIFRCN DOS Personals
Y IL SUFRIERON HERIDAS
Combata entire soldados negros
y la PClicia

PHI aeniX, Arizona, Nov. 81.
En- la madrugada de hoy Sc
libr6 una batal,a de tres horas
entire soldaGcs negros y Ia poll
cia mi,itar y civil. Perdieron Ia
vida 2 personals y II recibieron
heridas.
Dos hCmbres que estaban jun
to al jefe de policia Don Stew
ard fueron heridos.
Ocurri6 ell motin cuando Ia pc
licfa mi,itar negra trato de a.
rrestar a un scldado ebrio. Los
dos muertos son de la raza ne
gra y uno de ellos un civil, Ro.
bert Riley, de "A amos.
Entire los heridos figuran blair
cos miembros de la policia mill
tar y civil.
La gaceta., 1942-11-27

fic6 la invasion. Hitler dijo ha.
ce pocoS dias que sus sOldados
no entrarian en- esa ciudad, POI
cuanto la escuadra se bastaba
para defenderla.
NADIA Sc ha dicho todavia so
breel destino de la escuadra all
anclada.
Creese que la orden del Fueh-
rer representa- un eSfuerzo de-
sesperadO hecho con la esperan-
"a de apoderarse de los buques
y sar-Os en- la batalla del Medi-
terraneou.
La gaceta., 1942-11-27

gentina registra con distinction en-
suE paginas los servicios de la ia
milia Molina, especialmente durante
las Guerras de independence.
Molina Campos vino al mundo en-
Buenos Aires, el ano de 1891. Como
ell resto de los hijos de estancieros
pudientes, paso sus amos escolares
en- la ciudad capital, y gastaba sus
vacaciones al lado de la familia en-
las estancias de su propiedad en- las
pampas, Aqui Sc familiarizo con
los poblanos, sus costumbres y con
la region que ahora describe con
cariho y buen humor,
Encuentra su campo
Su espiritu sensitive de 10 c6mico,
parallel a una profunda compren-
sion de la genie rural, lie hicieron
dec arse a la ~caricatura para ex-
presar su arte. Esta inclination fue
siempre causa de preocupaci6n para
sus padres quienes deseaban que
hubiera seguido la carrera de ar
quitecto Q ingresado en- ell servicio
diplOmatico de su pals.
Pero en- vez de la architecture,
dedico sus aptitudes hacia la Carl
La gaceta., 1942-11-27
los INGLEsTS N UN
NUEVO AVON DE GAIA

lLondres, Nov. 27.-Un nuevo
GAIA ingl&s, version modificada
del "Escupefuego'', lleva Ell nom
bre de "Seafire" y Sc lie utiliza
para proteger los convoyes que
van hacia 81 Norte de Africa.
Ell avi6n ha sido especialmen
tie adaptable para ayudar mate
rialmente a la fuerza defensiva
de los convoyes cuando estan
mas AHA del alcance de las bases
de los cazas que desde la costa
Cperan.
La gaceta., 1942-11-27

vo, sobre 81 tema del gran "Le-
censraum' cue Italia puede es-
perar despu&s de la guerra. No
ac2ba6a de ser impreso ell ar
tfculo y la pransa fascista empe
zaba a concentrate, cuando la lie
gada del DR.. Goebbe's a Venecia
puso un t5rm:no Immediate a es
ia nueva ella de grandezas mus
sclinianas. Italia no debia po-
ner una f. e~Xcesiva en- la gene
rosidad alemanal
(COntiRuarG).