davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1942-06-07

Like the Red Cross nurses, they
learned to change tires, carefully char
ioteer unwieldy trucks. ambulances.
Local organizations offered first aid
classes which swept the country with an
acceptance that Is usually reserved for
the introduction of fad games.
Women learned to handle fire-fghting
apparatus. They enrolled in nurses aid.
They prepared to form a great land army
mirroring and multiplying the farm
erettes of the last war-by signing up for
courses held in college and high school
classrooms.
And from War Manpower Chairman
Paul w. McNutt they learned there were
1900 different jobs in the 81 key war in
dustries they could fill.
Thus far in this six months of war,
women are clamoring to fill those jobs:
To operate drill presses, lathes milling
machines, metal processing machines.
They are anxious to work on steel as
semblies and act as fuse filters.
In numbers In excess of the jobs avail
Evening star., 1942-06-07

iished at the east end OF the compound
inclosing the buildings south of the main
Navy Building. A separate bidders en-
trance has been provided at the same
location for the Bureau of Supplies ard
Accounts. When completed, similar
facilities will be provided for the group
east of the Navy Building. In addition
to the receptionist centers at the en-
frances, each bureau and activity has
been provided with its own reception
room.
All commercial visitors, except those
going to the bidders room of the Supplies
and Accounts Bureau, must arrange an
appointment beforehand with the official
Or officer they wish to see. The recep-
Evening star., 1942-06-07

Already a million women are working
in war plants.
Already every third eligible nurse In
10 has offered her services to the Red
Cross for active duty with the Army and
Navy. Already many are serving in battle
zones.
A womans army came into being and
10000 distaff doughboys volunteered on
the first day.
A detachment of winged women war
riors is already serving our Allies by
ferrying planes from factory to field IN
Britain.
Thousands of uniformed ladies in
national and local organizations are
working in civilian defense and perform
ing auxiliary services for the armed
forces.
Already we are six months at war, and
Americas war women are six months
ahead of where they might be.
This time it was easy to be different.
There was no tradition to overcome
about women working, little surprise to
be stimulated when women stepped into
new and more rigorous fields. The social
stigma sometimes attached to factory
work had been poulticed by patriotism.
Last time suffrage was just move
ment" and, anxious though they were to
do their bit, women had many months
insistence before they were allowed to-
"They served as nurses and in the
other fields which tradition had sane
toned" wrote Chronicler Mark Sullivan.
But as more and more soldiers went
by singing "Good-by Ma. Good-by Pa,
Good-by Mule With Yer Old Hee-
Haw-"; as the months advanced ring
ing in "K-K-K-Katy, Beautiful Katy"
battle reports and labor shortages the
thought of women in war ceased to be
as much problem as a possible solution.
The naval establishment lacked yeo-
men clerks and stenographers. And one
day Naval Secretary Josephus Daniels
roared, "is there any law that says a
yeoman must be man? Then enroll
WomenT
This time it had to be different.
How Women Work for Victory.
This war requires more people: In the
field, at home, in industry. 1t requires
more women-to carry out woman s
primary war duty-to fill mems jobs and
release men for the fighting forces.
Unless and until there is time when
the United States like Russia, needs girl
guerrillas, releasing men from non
Evening star., 1942-06-07

wear picture Identification badges and
for those on police business to obtain
temporary badges. These are granted
after slip Is made out with the name.
address, business connection, nature of
business and room sought by the visitor
On leaving. the badge is turned in for a
receipt, which has to be handed to an
exit guard.
The War Production Board Offices,
mecca of businessmen from far and wide
will probably be added shortly to The
list of agencies checking its visitors A
spokesman in the administrative Office
indicated it would be similar to the
system used by the Army. A verifcation
of appointments and temporary badge
will be required, he said.
Evening star., 1942-06-07
By Trudi Mccullough,
Wide World.

uniformed Jobs will remain woman's
primary war work.
These are some of the ways they do it:
In scores of cities over the United
States in carefully guarded buildings.
women wearing telephone headsets sit
about the rim of a huge table map.
They chart the course Of every plane
that rides or trespasses the skyways OF
their area. From observers, from me-
chanical locators they receive q coded
warning of It's approach.
They record the message on "plotter
pip" and place the pip on the map at the
spot where the message originated.
The planes are identified as Army,
Navy, civilian or enemy. If there Is any
doubt, the plane is regarded as enemy
until proved wrong.
The flight of every plane that leaves
the ground-its passage from one
watchers area TO another and its return
to its home base-is known to these
women. They must not slip, for 1t is
their charting that advises military COM
manders of the approach Of planes that
HllSIll Uc 1CIHldll vi VdPdliCoC oaA
interceptors must go up to turn back.
Organized last summer, these members
of the Womens Auxiliary of the Aircraft
Warning Service now number about
$4,000, and are on duty "a hours day.
seven days a week.
Their duties will ultimately be abb
sorbed or bolstered by the new Women's
Auxiliary Army Corps which will eventu-
ally total 10000.
The Woman's Army.
This new womens army commanded
by Texan Mrs. Oveta-Culp Hobby will. IN
addition to duties with aircraft warning
and filtering services, serve with corps
areas as telephone operators, laun-
dresses, cooks, dieticians and perform
other non -combatant duties.
The first of the officer candidates will
report to Fort Des Moines. Iowa, about
July IS for training.
Also numbering in the thousands are
members of other national and local vol
unteer organizations.
Blue uniformed members Of the
Women's Auxiliary Volunteer Services
have supplied and serviced free mobile
lunch wagons to soldiers on have. They
have instructed housewives in methods
for combating bomb damage. At many
air bases and Army posts over the coun-
try they brought their own cars and
chauffered officers on duty and served
as guides about the post, relieving en-
listed men for other details.
Evening star., 1942-06-07
BY Bainbridge Crist.

One of the by-products of war is the
business of writing passes and checking
visitors to Government buildings. And
right now that business is booming in
Washington.
Persons with business in many of the
leading Government departments and
agencies-State, War, Navy, Treasury,
Federal Reserve Board Bureau of En-
craving and Printing and the Govern
ment Printing Office-must obtain passes
or be checked in some way as they enter
and leave the building.
Basically, there appear to be three
main methods of keeping out unwanted
persons: One is to check with the official
with whom the visitor seeks or claims
an appointment another is to usher him
to and from the room visited, and the
Evening star., 1942-06-07
BY Bill Boni,
Wide World.

The two aerial photographs were mute
but eloquent proof that enemies in our
midst already are trying to spot the
countryside with markers which could
lead Axis bombers to our vital war fac
tories and military establishments. :
One picture showed an innocent-look-
ing footpath running through open coun-
try for about a quarter of mile. Oh
one end of the path large "V" had been
formed by scraping the ground bare.
It made perfect arrowhead, with the
path itself as the shaft.
From the ground neither the path nor
the bare patch would have aroused any
ones suspicious. From the air, as re-
corded In the official Army Air Forces
well-defned arrow visible for several
miles.
The arrow pointed straight toward
major Eastern air base.
The other photograph was of large,
handsome flower bed, unusual in concep-
ton in that 1t was shaped somewhat like
a huge comma or q figure 9. The tail Of
the comma or the figure 9, however, was
straight rather than curved.
An extension of that straight line
would have led enemy bombers right
to an aircraft plant.
To the officer from whose files these
pictures came they are particularly sat-
isfying. For to Col Dache M. Reeves,
commanding officer of the 1st Ground
Air Support Command Zone of the tacti-
cal units of the 1st Air Force and the
Eastern Defense Command they mean
that his observation squadrons are doing
an increasingly important job in finding
out what the enemy Is thinking and
planning.
Treachery Exposed.
~You can rest assured" said Col.
Reeves, after explaining the significance
Of the photographs, that, although I
can't tell you when or where these pic
lures were taken the treacherous work
they exposed has been erased. The same
technique will help us to expose the
enemy in the battles to come"
Accumulating such air intelligence
not only in the East but all over the
eountry-is one of variety Of jobs being
done by an Air Forces officer who, in the
composite Of his group is one Of the most
versatile and valuable in the entire Army.
His role will become increasingly vital
as United States forces move more and
more on the offensive.
In Army Technology he's called an
observer, misleadingly prosaic designa-
ton for a man who must combine the
qualities of eagle and owl, who must
make daring sorties over enemy terri
tory before, after and even in the midst
of battle, and who must gamble his life
largely on deception and elusiveness if
he is attacked
In duties the observer is at least six,
sometimes seven men in one He is a
navigator, radio operator with a
Evening star., 1942-06-07
BY Sigrid Arne,
Vida World.

vASHON ISLAND, Wash.-Its year
now since gentle, white-haired Wallace
Beall signed quite big check and mailed
1t to London to finance the escape OF
some of England's most exotic refugees.
He reports now. with sigh OF rele1'
they're doing quite well.
They're orchids Some 5000 plants,
some of the worlds rarest strains. Some
cost the lives of men who went into the
iungles to find them; some are so rare
they're never seen by the general public.
They're in the Beall greenhouses on
Vashon Island, in Puget Sound just on
Seattle's shoreline.
The plants were quite defenseless
when the German air force began to
attack England. They couldn't hide out
in dank cellars; they had to stay In the
hot, damp air of greenhouses, under
acres of glass plainly visible from the air.
Florists all over the world worried
about what would happen to them. Eng
land was the first to send men into the
tropics to bring orchids out, SO Eng
lands collection was the most valuable.
English growers sent out restrained
pleas to American growers to buy-buy
at much lower prices, but get the plants
to safety.
Wallace Beall was among the Ameri-
can growers who bought. He wanted
specimen plants, to keep the strains
alive, and he wanted at least six Of each
strain, to allow for trip casualties.
He sent the check and waited. The
crates finally began to arrive, kept COM
ing for months. They came on six diff
ferent ships, in six different conveys, just
in case
Evening star., 1942-06-07
In Air Raid.

The crates told story. They were
SCARED with fire. The Bealls-Wallace
and his two sons, John and Ferguson
found shrapnel and glass imbedded IN
the moss surrounding the plants.
The learned the crates had been lined
up on a dock during big air raid.
There was some damage, enough to kill
5000 plants.
Firemen had sprayed water on some
of the crates-and orchid plants can't
stand moisture in shipping. They're
usually shipped during the months when
they sleep" And when they sleep,
they're dried up things Moisture rots
them. But 5000 plants came through
untouched.
Some have blossomed already. One
Evening star., 1942-06-07

proper warning when the enemy had
obtained considerable reinforcements."
Col Reeves is well qualified to talk
observation from all angles and the
Germans may remember this holder of
the Distinguished Service Cross for ex-
traordinary heroism as good man they
couldn't keep down in the First World
War.
He went to France lieutenant, as a
pilot in the 9th Aero Squadron, but was
grounded temporarily by an injury.
Averse to inactivity, he obtained trans
Evening star., 1942-05-01
Home Front Holds Hope
Of Victory, Daniels Says

BY the Associated Press.
ATLANTA, May Jonathan
Daniels of the ONCE of Civilian De-
fense declared today that the
march down Main street" of those
on the home front will lead the
way Ito new darkness or new hope
for mankind"
Stressing the extent to which "our
hope of victory lies on the home
front-the home town." Mr.. Daniels
addressed civilian defense leaders
from throughout the 4th Corps
Area
Assistant o. C. D. director in
charge of civilian mobilization, the
Washington official said civilian de-
fense activities had brought about
a change from the time when
Washington has seemed to look
down on the country at a distance"
"A sloppily- organized local de-
tense council is as much a threat
as piece of machinery improperly
put together" Mr. Daniels warned.
I'VE must insist that communities
be as useful as companies of SOL
diers''
Details of civilian mobilization
were outlined by Ralph Blanchard,
also of Washington. Group meet
ings this afternoon on various
phases of the o. c. D. program were
to follow an address by w. w. JET
ferson of Alexandria, Va, assistant
Eastern area Red Cross manager.
The meetings will close the two-day
regional conference.
Evening star., 1942-05-01
Mrs. Roosevelt Aids
Drive 10 House
Servicemen Here
49 Tents, 260 Cots
To Be Added to Facilities
During Week Ends

Mrs. Roosevelt has given her
support to the drive to procure
adequate weekend housing IA
cilities for servicemen on leave
here, it was learned this after
noon, and as a result authorities
will be given 49 tents and 260
cots formerly used in the All
Club encampment.
Disclosure that the Presidents S
wife was instrumental in releasing
the equipment held by the Agricul-
ture Department came at a meets
ing of the Seryicemen's Housing
Committee in the District Building.
Use of the cots is expected next
week end, the committee announced.
They probably will be transferred to
the Fort Dupont C. C. C. camp on
Minnesota avenue near Ely place
Sc, where quarters are available
for 300 men.
The All camp, located north Of
Tidal Basin, will not be used, the
committee said, because it lies in
the path of the Independence ave-
nue. extension project.
The group meanwhile is studying
other locations for permanent erec-
ton of the 49 tents.
More than 900 beds will be avail
able for servicemen here this week
end, it was estimated the largest
number since the Civilian Defense
Committee was formed a month
ago to provide accommodations for
soldiers, sailors and marines on
leave.
Evening star., 1942-05-01
La Guurdiu Acts in Strike
Of 8, 900 Elevator Operators

Fiftv-ninth and 10th streets west
to the Hudson River.
The members of Local 32-B,
A. F. L. Building Service Employees
International Union were called out
at am. in a dispute over nego-
tiating new contract Union
spokesman said Is 900 more through
out Manhattan might 60 out to-
morrow.
Under the expired contract, the
union said, elevator operators and
maintenance crewmen were paid
$l06 a month in Glass A buildings; :;
500 month in Glass B structures
and S86 a month in Glass C, the
classiflcations being based on as
sessed valuations.
Both sides, the realty board said,
had agreed to arbitrate the wage
questions, the board having offered
a 10 per cent increase, while the
union sought increases running as
high as 30 per cent.
Evening star., 1942-05-01
II Entered in Derby,
Richest in History
# All Horses Go
Victory Would Be Worth
$65, US; Field Is
Biggest Since 1887
By the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
LOUISVILLE, May 1.-Seven-
teen horSes-16 colts and l geld
ing-were entered today for to-
morrow's 68th running of the
Kentucky Derby.
The entries were completed half
hour before the entry box was sched-
uled to close.
Heading the field were Mrs Payne
Whitney's one-two threat of Devil
Diver and Shut Out, and Texas Ben
Whitaker's Requested. Back of
them in the consensus were Alsab,
With Regards, Sun Again, Apache,
Valdina Orphan, the imported Hol-
lywood, Sweep Swinger, Dogpatch,
Fair Call, Fairy Manah, Sir War,
First Fiddle and the two rank out
siders from California-Boot and
Spur and First Prize. Sweep Swing
er was the lone gelding.
Handicapped Morris Cundiff put
the entry of Devil Diver and Shut
Out as the favorites on the program
and placed Fair Call, First Fiddle,
Sweep Swinger, Sir War, First Prize
and Boot and Spur in the mutuel
field.
Requested was second choice,
Woodward's Valdina Farm entry,
third; Apache, fourth, and Alsab,
fifth.
Dogpatch First in Box.
First in the entry box was Dog
patch, owned by Mrs. Ethel V. Mars
of Chicago, and last was the high
speed With Regards, owned by and
trained by the Colorado rancher, T.
D. CPinkie) Grimes.
The field of II is the biggest since
War Admiral whipped 10 others in
1887.
If all IT entered got to the post,
this richest Derby of all time will
pay the winner SOS ,225 out of a
gross value of s87,250.
If there is mud when the big
race goes off at 80 pm. tomorrow
it would reduce the field by at least
one, for Dogpatch's handlers have
(See DERBY, Page A-6D
Evening star., 1942-05-01
Coroner Hears
Signal Factory
Has75Victims
Police Told of 6 Dead
And II Injured in
Pennsylvania Blast
By the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
McKEESPORT, Pa. May l.
An explosion shook the Central
Railroad Signal Co, plant in
nearby Versailles Borough this
afternoon, and Versailles police
said they had received reports
girls were killed and IL injured.
In Pittsburgh Deputy Coroner
Tony zappo said the coroner's Office
had received unconfirmed reports
that rs girls had been trapped and
a number killed.
Eyewitnesses reported the blast.
which shook homes two miles dis
tant, blew the roof off the plant
Andrew Billy, a crane operator at
the nearby National Tube Co. plant,
said he helped remove five bodies.
He added: Parts of the roof were
carried several blocks. One part
knocked off part of chimney two
blocks from the scene"
Ernest Sims, who works for COM
pany two blocks from the scene of
the blast, said:
1T was terrific explosion. I saw
the roof of one of the units of the
plant fly about 25 or 80 feet in the
air. They're carrying out some girls
on stretchers."
The plant consists of several
buildings and covers a city block.
One source said as many as 100
workers were inside. The company
manufactured flares and other rail-
road signals.
Evening star., 1942-05-01
Tokomu Park Police
Hunt MISSING Girl, 10

Takoma Park Md police today
were combing nearby woods for 10
year-old Virginia Nav Gradijan,
who has been missing from her
home at 908 Larch avenue since
about pm. yesterday.
Mrs. M. Gradijan, her mother,
said Virginia May had told her
8-year-old brother, James, that she
was afraid she would be punished
for not having gone to school yester-
day. Mrs. Gradijan said her daugh-
ter had been punished the previous
day for missing school.
The girl was wearing a blue coat.
plaid jumper skirt and black shoes
when she left home, her mother said.
Evening star., 1942-05-01
16Destroyers,
Cruiser and
Is Subs Claimed
72l Enemy Planes
Listed by Soviet
As Shot Down
By the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
MOSCOW, May 1.-The Mos
cow radio said today that Ger
man battleship had been sunk
by Russia'S Baltic fleet.
This was the first Russian claim of
destruction of one of Germany's few
capital ships, and came in a resume
of operations in which the Baltic
fleet was said to have sunk 447
German ships, presumably In the
course of the whole war.
The battleship was not identified
Other German warships which the
broadcast said had been destroyed
were cruiser, 16 destroyers, 18 sub
marines and 18 torpedo boats. Be-
sides these ia transports were re-
ported sent to the bottom.
Pilots and anti-aircraft gunners
of the Baltic fleet were said to have
downed 721 enemy planes.
Reports, more or less speculative,
ut varying times within the last
month and half have accounted
for the whereabouts of Germany's
three known battleships and two
10000-ton 1l-inch gun pocket bat
tleships.
The IS .OO0-ton Tirpitz, most pow
erful unit of the feet, mounting
15-inch guns, was reported by Lon
don only last Tuesday. on the heels
of an r. A. F. raid at Trondheim, to
be lying in that Norwegian port,
along with the pocket battleship
Admiral Scheer.
Concurrent reports placed the
26.000-ton, 11-inch gun battleships
Scharnhorst and Gneisenau, at Kiel
and G-dynia, respectively, presum-
ably undergoing repairs for minor
damage suffered in British air and
surface attack in February when
they smashed through the Strait of
Dover from Brest, France.
The latest report on the pocket
battleship Luetzow, current in Lon
don about the middle of March,
placed this mate of the Admiral
Scheer in northern waters in the
vicinity of Norway. Since then she
has not been reported. The Luetzow
Is the former Deutschland.
Evening star., 1942-05-01
Army Probes Report
OF 'Chutists LANDING
In North Carolina
Special Officers Detailed
To Act on Stories From
Coastal Area Of State

BY the Associated Press.
FORT BRAGG, N. c.. May l.
Maj. Gen. Preston Weatherred
announced today that Army Of
flcers were investigating reports
that unidentified parachutists
landed today near Bayboro in
Pamlico County.
Reports made by spoilers and
observers that parachutists have
landed in Pamlico County are being
investigated by specially assigned
Army officers" he said.
The New River marine base head
quarters, near the scene, reported
that 1t had had no reports of such
activity and said that marines were
engaged in parachute tactics near
the base during the day. 1t was
said, however, that none were known
to be as far away as Pamlico County
on the east coast of North Caro-
lima.
Gen. Weatherred stressed that
there is nothing to get excited
about" and said thus far the Army
had been unable to verify the re-
ports
Evening star., 1942-05-01
Civilians, Soldiers
And Police Scour Area

BAYBORO, N. c., May l (P.-
Civilians armed with shotguns, law
officers and soldiers searched the
woods about six miles from here
today after reports were received
that three parachutists had landed.
Only meager information was
available here, since most of the law
officers were in the field.
However, two boys named Dyvall
and West were said to have made
the original report The two live
in the Bay City section of Pamlico
County where the search was being
conducted.
Mrs Robert Whorton, wife of the
sheriff of Pamlico County, said the
parachutists were believed to have
landed shortly after noon.
All roads were Immediately
blocked and troops arrived quickly.
More than TOO civilians we're re-
ported searching the woods.
Evening star., 1942-05-01
Axis Aides Lure
u. S. Troops Into
Telling Secrets
, the Associated Press.


NEW YORK, May Axis agents
lured American soldiers, sailors and
marines to Brooklyn house where
they were wined and dined to OBJ
tain military information, Kings
County Judge Samuel Leibowitz dis
closed after a jury convicted the
proprietor yesterday on a morals
charge.
GuStave Beekman, 55, found
guilty of operating the house, will be
sentenced later. Judge Leibowitz
said the grand jury would remain
in session to investigate further.
Il am told" Judge Leibowitz said,
that one of Hitler's chief espionage
agents was instrumental in getting
soldiers, sailors and marines to go
to this place, and wined and dined
them and gave them a royal good
time, and he would obtain informa-
tion where their ships were, where
they were going to and coming
from, where the soldiers were sta
toned and what was happening"