davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1942-02-27

eDy a responsible agency WIN
working with nazi agents.
1t is also reported that James Bout
we'll, chairman of the Mississippi
Agricultural Committee wired the
Byrd committee, accusing the Farm
Bureau of coercing dues from 1900
negro farmers by involuntary setoff
from AAA payments" He also
charged the Farm Bureau with cash
ing benefit checks, deducting and
pocketing forced dues payments, and
adds that banks are given block mem
berships to dispose of.
Farm Research states:
Though the Farm Security Admin
istration has led the way in helping
the smaller farms harness their pro-
ductive capacity to the demands OF
war and has done more for the small
er income farmers than any other fed
eral agency, the Farm Bureau has
now opened fire with all of it's guns
in an attempt to wipe out the FSA.
Months ago the National Farmers
Union charged that the Farm Bureau
was carrying on a SUB ROSA cam
paign in the south to torpedo the FSA,
but it had been hoped that with the
outbreak of the war the Bureau would
lay aside this class feud in the inter-
est Of national unity and the success
of the war effort.
Though the membership was not
consulted or polled, the national Off
GERS of the Farm Bureau Federation
have launched an about war on the
FSA and have taken a Big-Farmer
position that a great part Of it's mem
bership would not support.
ED O'Neal, who is president CT the
Bureu and himself comes from Ala
bama, began the attack on the FSA
in the southern states where the vast
sharecroppers, and tenants cannot eff
fectively reply since they are barred
from voting by the poll tax.
1.-THE rest Of the opposition has
stemmed from the Bureau groups that
inspired the Associated Farmers.
1.-THE FSA has been the one federal
farm agency over which the Farm
Bureau exercised little or no influence
in Washington. In the south, the big
cotton planters who dominate the
Farm Bureau have lost no opportunity
to ask for federal handouts for them
selves, while they evicted thousands |
Of troopers and tenants under the re-
duction program, and yet they have
most actively opposed the FSA pro-
grams to aid these low income pei
cropper and tenant fam
CONTINUED on Page Four)
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1942-02-27

seized axes and hacked away
the slim supports of the straw
matched bamboo roof so that
it caved in and covered the
machinery completely. When
the Japanese came, they saw
only another ruined building
and passed it by. In forty-eight
hours, the Chinese workers re-
turned and production got
under way once more.
This story, told by Rewi Alley
famed Australian engineer, who with
Edgar Snow, the American news
paperman, helped to create China g
amazing industrial cooperative move
ment, explains In part the heroic re-
sistance of the Chinese people against
Japan's grandiose plans to subjugate
Asia to the Nipponese version of Hit
ler's economic New Oorder." China's
free, democratic labor has been as
vital a factor In China's four and a
half year struggle for national sur
vival as her valiant armies In the
field, United China Relief has dis
covered in its relief Investigations
throughout the war-torn country.
When Japan invaded China's coastal
provinces, beginning July 7, 1887, she
destroyed or took over 300 of China's
modern industries, deprived China Of
direct access to the sea, and drove
60,000,000 refugees-half the popula-
ton of the U. S.--into the I'M
developed interior. In terms of Amer
lean geography and population 1t was
as IL the entire population of the At
lantic Seaboard had been bombed out
Of New York, Boston, Philadelphia
Pittsburgh, Cleveland and other rich
cities and had evacuated to the Rocky
regions far In the west. Two
tremendous economic problems thus
faced China-wide-spread unemploy-
ment, and a scarcity of manufactured
products.
The Japanese believed that, under
these conditions, China was rendered
economically helpless and could not
continue her resistance. But they
failed to reckon with the resource
fulness and endurance of the plucky
Chinese people who countered this
blow by forging their
powerful new economic weapon-the
industrial cooperatives. These small
scale decentralized workshops are or
ganized along the lines OF the "pro-
ducers" cooperatives of Nova Scotia
and the Scandinavian countries. Each
is m d g up of at least
seven workmen who agree to pool
their tools and resources and work
for common production In return for
a common share in the profits.
Throughout the length and breadth
of China these "vestpocket" work
shops, as Alley picturesquely terms
them, are turning out a mounting
stream of necessary supplies for
China's embattled civilians and her
defending troops. Clicking
ooms in an underground textile mill
in rockbound cave In
Chungking, personally supervised by
Madame Chang Kai-shek, weave an
endless flow Of blankets for soldiers
md civilians. Under the very noses
Continued on Page Four)
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1942-02-27
INDUSTRIAL CO-0PS OF
China SET PATTERN FOR
CIVILIAN WAR EFFORT
Revolving Capital Fund of Seven Dollars
Provides Worker With Tools for War
Work; Can Repay Within Year and Then
Loaned to Another Worker; Industrial Co
operatives Unity People.

Chinese cooperative workers operating guerilla mills and
in the enemys backyard work hard think
Workers Chinese cooperative machine shop in the front
line received word that Japanese detachment
coming and that they would have to evacuae The machinery
heavy carry there time bury it. They
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1942-02-27
farm BUREAU PRESIDENT
T0UTS KU KLUx khan;
JOINS ATTACK ON F.S.

O'Neal. Head of Farm Bureau Federation
Who Halls From Alabama Attacks Farm
Security Administration in South for
Advancing Money to Sharecroppers for
Payment of Poll Taxes So They Can Vote.
Evening star., 1942-10-26
Social Insurance for All
To Be Proposed in Britain
BY the Associated Press.

6s tHe associated Press.
LONDON, Oct. 26.-A report on
social insurance by Sir William Bev-
eridge, noted economist, to be pre-
sented to the House of Commons
next month, will contain sweeping
proposals for giving social security
from birth to death for every one,
irrespective of occupation or income,
London newspapers said today.
The report is to be submitted by
Sir William Jowitt, paymaster gen.
eral, who is in charge of postwar
reconstruction.
The outstanding proposals of the
report, the newspapers said, are
those covering insurance for all
workers and the appointment of a
minister Of social security, who
would be responsible for settle
ment of unemployment problems,
pensions, medical services and work.
mems compensation.
Press forecasts said the Beveridge
report would advocate family allow
ances, state medical services, mater
nifty benefits and rehabilitation of
the unemployed, to be financed by
blanket contributions from the
workers, supplemented by govern
ment funds.
Evening star., 1942-10-26
School Lunch Project
To End With War Regrouping
Nearly All Work Relief Activities
Here to Terminate; 900 Involved

The District school lunch prof.
ect, under which the WPA pro-
vides lunches for children of
about 10 District schools, will be
discontinued, and most other"
local WPA projects forced to shut
down as a result of an order by
Brig. Gen. Philip B. Fleming,
Federal works administrator,
calling for immediate reclassifi-
cation of all WPA workers, Paul
Rogers, District WPA director,
said today.
Mr.. Rogers said he has notified
the District Board, of Education
that, in two weeks the 222 WPA
workers operating the school lunch
project will be Withdrawn. Unless
the Board of Education finds some
other means of keeping the project
alive, it will be closed down.
Gen. Fleming's order, announced
yesterday as part Of a program to
place all qualified WPA workers in
farm and industrial Jobs and train
ing classes for war work. provides
that the $4,000 persons on work
relief rolls throughout the country
are to be ,.reinterviewed and re-
classified into one of the following
categories: Qualified for imme-
diate placement in industry or
agriculture; suitable for training
Evening star., 1942-10-26
Rain Brings Potomac Rise,
But Flood Is Unlikely

The Potomac River washed over
the East Potomac Park seawall at
Hams Point this morning, but the
Weather Bureau secuted any reports
OF another flood here.
Heavy rain which began shortly
before midnight last night was ex-
pected to stop this afternoon, with
colder weather predicted for tonight
and tomorrow.
At the Wisconsin avenue gauge
the river was "A feet above mean
low water this morning. The bu-
reau said the Potomac above WASH
ington was fairly low" and that
there was little chance it would rise
to flood stage, which begins at !
feet above low water.
Portions of the East Potomac Park
golf course were flooded by the
rain. A total of 1872 inches hao
fallen up to lis pm. It was
pointed out the rivers rise at Hains
Point came at high tide at 1920
m. today.
Evening star., 1942-10-26

and subsequent placement In war
industries; qualified for other pri-
vate or public employment; other
employable persons not acceptable
by industry under current specifl-
cations of employers.
Redistribution of the 236 men
and 768 women on WPA rolls in the
District already is under way and
should be completed within the next
two or three days, Mr.. Rogers said.
He estimated that only about 40C
workers will be Il left to the District
WPA after the regrouping, with zoe
to 800 being classed as qualified for
war jobs or training and another zoe
to 300 being listed as qualified for
other employment. Those remain
ing on WPA rolls will be principally
the aged and physically handicap
ped, he pointed out.
Mr.. Rogers said the local WPA
probably will discontinue all but
about two projects for the unskilled
workers and one or two for the
white-collar group"
A project for the extension of
South Capitol street to provide an
access road to Boiling Field, employ
ing SO men, will have first priority
he said. Second priority will be
given project at the Navy Yard
employing Ill workers.
Sponsors Of all projects likely tc
(See WPA, Page A-2).
Evening star., 1942-10-26
Last Of Ny|on Stockings Provide
Ample Christmas Gift Supply

Nylon stockings will be on sale in
ample quantities for the Christmas
trade, the Office of War Information
predicted today in a statement
charging that manufacturers and
merchants have been boarding the
hose.
At the same time, owl warned
the stocks available for Yuletide
purchases will come pretty close
to being the end Of nylon hosiery
for the duration" 49,.
This word followed the fixing of
price ceilings by the Office of Price
Administration few days ago, with
$3.50 set as the maximum retail
price for the best quality.
Reports received by the War Pro-
duction Board from the hosiery In
dustry indicated there were at least
3,600.o0 pairs Of nylons in manu-
facturers' stocks on October /. Owl
added:
Evening star., 1942-10-26

"How many are still tucked away
IN the stock rooms of retail stores
is the stores own deep, dark secret,
but 1t Is a safe assumption that
there are many more thousands of
pairs. It is known that both manu-
facturers and stores have been denb-
erately holding back nylon stock
ings from public anxious to pur-
chase just as many as it can obtain
to hold for future wearing"
Bought 80 Million q Year.
Normal consumption of nylon
stockings was 10000 900 pairs year
before the war, owl said, adding
that "eager women would have pur-
chased this many and more this
year had they been able to do so.
But by preventing this buying
and consequent boarding, stores
have kept enough nylons on hand
SO that almost any one who wants
(See NYLON, Page A-6.)
Evening star., 1942-10-26
CoffeeRationiinq
Ordered Over
Nation Nov. 28
One Cup a Day
Allowed to Every
Adult Under Plan
BY JAMES Y. NEWTON.

Rationing of coffee will go into
effect at midnight November %,
the Office of Price Administra-
ton announced today. Every
person in the country over IS
years old will be entitled to a
ration of one pound each five
weeks under the plan.
That will mean that under ration
ing each person will be limited to
about one cup of coffee day. A
Washington coffee merchant esti-
mated that a pound of coffee will
make from IS to 40 cups, depending
on the amount of water used. BY
weakening the mixture the house
wife can make her ration go further.
Sugar ration books, OPA said, will
be used for distributing coffee. The
last coupon in the book-No. 28-
will be used to obtain the first ration
OF coffee. Subsequent rations will
be on coupons taken in sequence,
working backward to the center of
the book. The coupon numbers are
from % down to 10.
OPA said that no book on which
the age OF the holder is stated at IA
years or younger will be vailed for
the coffee ration. This means that
no ration can be obtained for those
who have become Is years old since
they registered for sugar in early
May.
A new registration for both sugar
and coffee will be held presumably
when the sugar book, styled War
Ration Book No. /, is used up. Those
who reached IS years of age since
last May will be able to get coffee
at that time. Full details of the ra-
tioning plan will be announced
shortly.
Price Administrator Leon Hen
derson said the War Production
Board empowered OPA to ration
coffee because of recent excessive
buying by consumers, which made
equitable distribution of the supply
impossible. Deliveries to retail
stores have been cut to IS per cent
of 1941 deliveries since September
81. Smaller cuts were made before
that date. The limitation was ne
cessitated by lack of ships to bring
in coffee in normal quantities from
South and Central America.
No Excuse for Hoarding.
In announcing that rationing
would become effective at midnight
November %, Mr.. Henderson said:
Meanwhile, there is no reason for
any one to run to the corner grocer,
put the squeeze on him and try to
force him to help hoarder. There
is absolutely no excuse for hoard
ing coffee at this time.
We're announcing the forthcom-
ing rationing now. because we're
going to have to talk to a lot of
people in the coffee industry and
elsewhere about the administration
of the rationing program. Naturally,
stories and rumors will be creeping
around about what we propose to
do. Most Of them will be entirely
garbled and thus create more con-
fusion and hysteria than even now
exists on the subject of coffee. We
are therefore stating what we plan
to do so that the public can get
the story straight and from an
official source.
THE coffee story is this: For 10
years before 1941 we consumed
about 13 pounds of coffee per capita
per year. Last year, due to alb
(See CQFFEE page Al
Evening star., 1942-10-26
Program 10 Assure
Farm Labor Offered
By Gen. Hershey
Druft Chief Makes No
Recommendation for New
Legislation or Agencies
BY JESSE O. IRWIN.

Maj. Gen. Lewis B. Hershey
told the Senate Military Affairs
Committee today that "suffi-
cient labor must be left or fur
nished to agriculture to insure
that it can feed our armed forces,
our people and our Allies"
The selective service director, tes-
tifying on four manpower control
bills, said he was not prepared ito
recommend additional legislation
for manpower at this time" and II
am not prepared to recommend ad-
ditional agencies"
Government, as a whole, faces
the necessity of curtailment of its
civilian activities" he said, land
everybody agrees that we must use
voluntary efforts to the maximum
even if we have national service
legislation.
I'VE must care for and train our
children, provide personnel to main
tain facilities for the care of the
sick and provide for basic civilian
needs, and the essential government
activities"
Program Suggested.
AS to how 1--WE are going to ac-
complish our objectives with our
manpower,' Gen. Hershey outlined
the following points:
Il. All our people must be en-
gagged to the maximum of their
ability in doing something to win
this war.
This means the reduction in man
hours lost by changing jobs, absen-
teelsm, loafing because of over sup
ply of workers, lack of material or
poor supervision.
1T means reduction of workers
in non-industrial activities. 1t means
longer hours of work.
Il believe there is ample power
now to make deep dent in the
solution of these problems. The type
OF work we can no longer do must
be recognized. From these labor
supplies must come many of our new
industry workers.
Even industries have contracts
and are under the supervision of
the Army and Navy Departments.
These controls must be used to
insure they receive their labor supply
from other sources than necessary
farms or other war industries
Would End Voluntary Recruiting.
80. The agriculture problem must
be met by including what we must
grow next year and what we can
get along without. All means must
be taken to insure that the all
year round necessary labor remains
(See MANPOWER, Page A-l4.)
Evening star., 1942-10-26

waterfront afame yesterday, 1t.
Gen. Joseph w. Stilwell's head
quarters announced, today's raiders
destroyed the North Point power
station there, planting every one
of their bombs in the target area.
Destruction of the North Point
station was major stroke against
the japanese at Hong Kong, for it
supplied power to the whole of the
island. 1t is situated along the
waterfront, about two miles from
the district.
During the Japanese siege of the
colony last December the enemy
was careful not to shell the plant
because they wanted it for their
own purposes and they captured it
intact with their first landing.
At Canton many fires were started
and a heavy explosion was noted
in the vicinity of the airdrome
Both missions were accomplished
today without the loss of plane de-
Evening star., 1942-10-26
| Mrs. Roosevelt
|Unperturbed by
| British Alert
Continues Talk to
ATS Unit and IS
Cheered at End
pictures on P1qe A-2.)
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
LONDON, Oct. 26.-Mrs. Frank
lin D. Roosevelt heard her first
British afraid alert today while
addressing a group of girls at
the Home Counties Auxiliary
Territorial Service training CEN
ter. Obviously unperturbed, she
continued talking. The girls
cheered when she had finished.
Earlier, she had visited an ATS
base at a Home Counties airport and
talked to group of % American
girls who are ferry pilots.
The alert today was the first in
London since Mrs. Roosevelt has
been in Britain.
She was accompanied by Mrs.
Oveta Culp Hobby, director of the
American WAACS; Miss Malvina
Thompson, her secretary, and Mrs.
L. v, Whatley, deputy director of
the ATS.
Yesterday afternoon, with Mrs.
(See MRS. ROOSEVELT, Page A-2)
Evening star., 1942-10-26
Community War Fund
Drive for $4,141,000
Opens Tomorrow
Advance Gifts Unit
To Hold Fifth Luncheon
Report Meeting Today

An army of $4,000 unpaid VOL
unteers was putting the finishing
touches today on plans for the
greatest money-raising cam
paign in the history of Washing
ton, to be opened formally at the
Willard Hotel report luncheon at
1890 pm. tomorrow by the Com
munity War Fund, for a goal of
$4,141 900.
Preliminary reports indicated that
substantial figures may be chalked
up tomorrow by some of the organi-
cations which already have been at
work-notably the important Ad-
vance Gifts Unit, and some Govern
ment agencies.
Surprises Expected.
Whipping its pre-campaign work
into shape in readiness for the big
luncheon tomorrow, the Advance
Gifts Unit under leadership OF
Richard H. Wilmer planned to hold
its fifth luncheon meeting today at
the Willard. Reports will be made
on progress during the "big gifts
advance solicitation which has been
going on for the last two weeks
No subscription figures, however
were expected to be made public
today. But the Advance Gifts Unit
no doubt will have some surprises tt
spring at the first big formal report
meeting to be held in the big ball
room of the hotel tomorrow.
From Government sources, which
expect to raise more than half of the
total goal, have come repeated
"rumors" that some of the agencies
maybe three-are hoping to do q
"blitzkrieg," and drop their com.
plete goal into the first luncheon
(Caa I1IAP Iu1hIn nana e
Evening star., 1942-10-26
Reds Push Germans
Back at 5ta|ingrad
In Furious Assault
Enemy Forces Are Oustee
From Factory Area
After Earlier Gains
By HENRY C. CASSIDY,

NAHSSSAeoSe
MOSCOW, Oct. 26.-Red Army
troops held fast in blackened
Stalingrad today as the Ger
mans launched another assault
after furious artillery prepara-
ton and in a fierce engagement
expelled the Nazi forces from a
factory property into which they
penetrated yesterday, the mid
day communique said. At times
there was hand-to-hand fight
ing.
German infantry moved into the
assault in factory area with tanks
leading the way, but the Russians
reported that their artillery fire
decimated and put to flight an
entire regiment of infantry.
The Russians then launched their
own attack to drive the Germans
from the ground they had gained
the day before.
Reports from the front north
west of Stalingrad continued to be
favorable, the communique report
ing that number of German block
houses and trenches were occupied,
five tanks destroyed and COM
pany of enemy infantry knocked
out. 1t is in this area that the Red
Army is trying to bore into the flank
OF the Germans to ease the pressure
on Stalingrad.
200 Germans Killed.
In one sector of this front 200
Germans we're reported killed and
| the communioue said that Soviet
scouts filtered through to the enemy
trenches and killed 10 Italians.
The lull in the Mozdok area of the
Caucasus where the Germans are
trying to drive to the Grozny oil
fields continued, but the Russians
said their artillery fire destroyed 20
trucks and a company of infantry
Rea~ Army reserves, especially
(See RUSSIAN Page A-6l
Evening star., 1942-10-26
byrnes Defends
Fixing Prices
Under Parity
Aiken Says Brown
Influenced Director by
False Statement
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
Senator Aiken, Republican, Of
vermont told Economic Director
James F.. Pyrnes tod order oil
s":eIfeg ttaa.I oenet1t payments be
taken into account in fixing
farm price ceilings was based on
what he termed a deliberately
false" Interpretation of the price
control law "surreptitiously" put
into the Congressional Record by
Senator Brown, Democrat. of
Michigan.
Mr.. Byrnes told the Senate Agri-
culture Committee that if he be-
lieved President Roosevelt's execu-
tive order was in violation of the
law he would ask that the order
be changed, and that if he had such
doubts about the validity of the
order and it was not changed that
he would resign.
The former Supreme Court justice,
who resigned to take over the direc-
ton of economic sterilization, in
sisted that the President was justi-
fed in constituting the price control
and other acts as he had.
Senator Aiken and several other
committee members. including Sena-
tors Reed, Republican, of Kansas
and Wheeler, Democrat, of Mon
tana, contended that in passing the
act Congress had provided that no
farm price ceilings could be set
below parity. Parity is a price
calculated to give farmers the same
return as in a past favorable period,
usually 1909-14)
Charges Misinterpretation.
The inclusion of benefit payments
in calculating price ceilings had
caused prices on several products
to be set at a point which did not
reflect parity returns to growers,
the farm group contended.
That Interpretation was put in
there (the Congressional Record
for no other reason than to give
you an excuse for violating the
law" Senator Aiken told Mr.,
Byrnes.
When the latter protested that he
had not even been named to his
present Office at that time, Senator
Aiken said he did not mean Mr.,
Byrnes, personally, but was refer
ring to those who were charged
generally with administering price
control.
Mr.. Byrnes said all he had to go
on was the Congressional Record,
suggesting that if it were not cor
rect, that it be corrected.
Senator Shipstead, Republican, of
Minnesota said the Brown state
ment, which pointed the way toward
inclusion of benefit payments in