davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1942-03-27
Tells Of Coercive Effect
OF Monopoly Privilege"
To the Editor Of The Sta

To the Editor Of The Star:
The popular protest against the closed
shop registered in Washington from all
over the Nation is well founded. The
closed shop violates the foundation prin-
cipal Of American citizenship. 1t denies
the right of employment unless tribute is
paid to a labor union with the provision
that the employe shall be discharged
unless he agrees that union dues shall
be deducted from his wages. This in
wolves the power Of an artificial corpora
ton vested with monopoly privilege to
collect exhorbitant dues before an ap-
plicant can secure employment and for
no legitimate purpose whatsoever but for
participation in special privileges which
may be granted In exchange for political
support. 1t is exceedingly unfortunate
for the Nation that President Roosevelt
is unable to see anything wrong in this
arrangement and that it has been i'm
posed upon many Of the larger corpora
tons. HENRY WARE ALLEN.
wichita, Kans.
Evening star., 1942-03-27
Expresses Optimistic Views
OF 4 Better World to Come.

To the Editor of The Star:
In this historic year OF 1912 the Ma
tional Capital is besieged by false
prophets of doom. Everywhere people
discuss the terrible letdown which We
will suffer when the war is over. Busi-
nessmen ponder the possibilities of con-
fiscatory taxation and bureaucrats plan
in the street wants to get all he can now
while the getting Is good and the soldier
wonders what is the use of him ever
coming back to civil life
But the prophets Of disaster are wrong
We are living in the greatest era since
the dawn of time. Throughout the
world thinking men are beginning to see
the shape of things to come. The armies
of the United Nations will police the
world after the hostilities and together
they will direct the development and
equitable division of the resources with
which God has endowed man so as to
bring to all the peoples Of the earth the
highest possible standard Of living. The
impetus to prosperity in this country
will be the tremendous demand for con-
sumner goods brought on by the diverting
Of industrial effort to war production.
The world We knew before Pearl
Harbor, before Poland, before Munich is
gone. 1t was a world of want In the
midst Of plenty. Ahead. when the weary
years Of war are over. lies a more abun-
dant life. History will credit the United
States Of America for it when the world
Is free. DANL MUSGRAVE.
Evening star., 1942-03-27
Retrocession Bill

In introducing a Dill TO repeal the
1S46 act which retroceded to Viz
ginia the land 1t had granted as =
part of the original District OF Co.
lumbia, Senator McCarran has re-
vived constitutional and legal ques-
tions which have persisted over sew
eral decades and which never have
been settled in the courts. Consti-
tutionality of the Retrocession Act
first was challenged by an Alexan-
drian in suit filed in 1875, con-
testing the authority Of the State of
Virginia to tax him. His suit was
carried to the United States Supreme
Court, which sidestepped the con-
stitutional issue on the ground that
since neither Virginia nor the Fed
eral Government had raised the
point, the individual complainant
was in no position to do so. The
question has not been passed on by
the Supreme Court to this date.
The matter was brought to the
attention of Congress in 1910 by
Senator Thomas H. Carter, who filed
with the Senate an opinion by Han
mis- Taylor, noted constitutional law
yer, contending-as Senator McCar-
ran now contends the Retro
cession Act was null and void" be-
cause Congress had no authority to
return any part Of the District to
the States and because the retroces-
sion violated constitutional guaran-
tees against impairment of contrac-
tual obligations. Senator Carter and
Mr.. Taylor argued that the Federal
Government, Virginia, Maryland and
certain individual property holders
entered into 4 contract creating the
District from land they gave to bind
the bargain and that provisions OF
that contract could not be nullified
without consent OF all parties. They
pointed out that only the United
States and Virginia consented to
the retrocession deal. thus "violat-
ing" the rights Of Maryland as one
of the contract makers. Congress
failed to do anything about it. The
same Congress also had before 1t
proposal by President Taft that it
acquire "for the District Of Columbia
at least q part of the territory which
was originally granted for the Dis
trict by the State Of Virginia." Mr..
Taft suggesting that such acquisi-
tions be limited to "sparsely settled"
ground along the river front. Much
of Arlington, then known as Alex
andria County. was sparsely settled
at that time.
The McCarran bill would create
a commission to study the retroces-
sion problem and make recommen-
dations for remedial legislation. The
commission would find itself pre-
sented with a real "hot potato" for
Virginians in the past have indi-
Gated bitter opposition to any ret
recession proposals, especially II
they involved surrender of the right
Of suffrage. Nevertheless, 1t seems
that the question of constitutionality
Of the Retrocession Act OF 1846 may
continue to crop up until some way is
found to obtain a ruling on the issue
from the Supreme Court.
Evening star., 1942-03-27

O. What Is the name OF the island
where the people have no laws?-A. R. p.
A. The inhabitants OF the island Of
Tristan da Cunha. lying in the South
Atlantic, manage their affairs without
any written laws. They are described as
moral, without intoxicating liquors. re-
ligious. well-mannered. healthy and long
lived. The island belongs TO Great Brit
ain and the people are Of mixed blood,
but the British strain is predominant.
@. How should nylon hose be cared for
to prevent them from deteriorating2-
L. K.
A. The National Bureau OF Standard
says nylon stockings should be washed in
tepid water containing ample suds and
then rinsed thoroughly This will remove
some of the finishing material which
might have a deleterous effect on the
nylon. Excessive heat should never be
applied to nylon. The stockings should
be dry before storing and should not be
exposed to light during storing. II they
are stored for considerable period be-
fore wearing, it is advisable to wash them
again before wearing. With these pre-
cautions. it Is believed the stockings will
remain in good condition indefinitely.
O. How much has the cost OF food
risen in Great Britain during the war?
L. B. F.
A. The Board Of Trade has estimated
that the cost Of food in Britain has risen
"A per cent since the beginning Of the war.
Q. What is the correct pronunciation
of the word "cantonment"?-J. J. M.
A. The word preferably Is accented on
the second syllable and all the vowels
are short. In British usage, however.
"cantonment" is pronounced kan
toon-ment.'
@. How many operas were sung in Eng
lish at the Metropolitan last season7-
G. K
A. A total of four operas were sung in
English during the past season of the
Metropolitan Opera.
O. What is meant by whipped but
ter?-J. L.
A. Whipped butter is merely ordinary
creamery butter that has been whipped
until its volume has been increased by
about 25 per cent.
O. Which range is said to be the great
est mountain barrier to migration?-
NJ r. A.
A. The greatest mountain barrier to
migra ton in the world is the Himalaya
Mountain range of Central Asia.
@. Please give the altitude record for
gliders.-H. S. K.
A. The international altitude record
for gliders is 22,43433s feet. made by
Erwin Ziller in Germany on Novem-
Der 81 1888.
Threads Among the Gold" written?-
B. r.
A. Hart Pease Danks wrote the music
to Silver Threads Among the Gold" In
1872 he found poem by Eben Rexford
originally printed in Wisconsin farm
magazine, as a filler. The author was
also editor Of the publication. Danks
bought the poem for So. Rexford was so
pleased over his experience that he sent
Danks "a batch of new poems, offered at
the same price" Among these was Silver
Threads Among the Gold" This COM
position was copyrighted in 1873.
Evening star., 1942-03-27
Letters to the Editor
Cites London Air Raid Casualties
As Argument Against Easter Holidays.

Cites London Air Raid Casualties
As Argument Against Easter Holidays.
To the Editor OF The Star:
While Washington is practicing black
outs, talking of enemy raids and other
wise considering the seriousness of the
war. q current report on Britain's bomb
victims may not be amiss.
The British Library OF Information,
In its weekly bulletin OF March II, states
that a total of 54123 persons were seri-
ously or fatally wounded during the
heavy German air raids in Britain in
1910 and 194l. OF this number there are
1000 still in hospitals.
The figure OF 54,123 seriously injured
or killed does not include the many thou
sands OF persons whose minor injuries
were treated at emergency frst-aid sta
tions or in other ways.
To date 1892 persons have been killed
or died as a result Of injuries Men
total 1879, women 1909 and children
5,O44.
In view OF these casualties wish to
repeat my former suggestion that WASH
ington schools eliminate the approaching
Easter holidays. and deduct this and
additional time from the regular sched-
uled date of closing so that as many
children as possible may be moved out
of Washington for the late spring and
summer. c. B. r.
Evening star., 1942-03-27

Czechoslovak people to call Comenius
their spiritual leader. He predicted lib
erty for his native land and what he
did not live to see, was realized by his
great disciple Thomas Garrigue Masaryk.
The spirit Of Comenius inspires Czecho-
slovakia forever, and even If today
the Czechoslovak people under the Nazi
heel are not allowed openly to commem-
crate their great teacher, they silently
pray and fervently hope that Comenius'
prophecy, which encouraged them for
centuries and helped them to regain
their liberty in 1918, again will come
true and that after the passing Of the
storm of wrath which our sins brought
down upon our heads, the rule OF thine
affairs shall again be restored to thee,
oh Czech people"
Evening star., 1942-03-27
Approach to Indiu

Japan's unopposed occupation Of
the Andaman Islands is striking
evidence of India's openness to at
tack from the eastward. So abso-
lutte has been British seapower over
the vast ocean which washes India's
shores and bears its name that no
preparations were made to defend
India from that side. Britain's
strategic bulwarks from Burma to
Singapore, further buttressed by the
friendly Netherlands Indies, seemed
to block so thoroughly any hostile
approach by land or sea that defense
Of the Indian Ocean did not seriously
enter into British military or naval
calculations. With Indias northern
land border secure behind the tre-
mendous rampant of the Himalayas.
British strategy was concerned with
the defense of the northwest frontier
bordering on Afghanistan. the route
by which all historic invasionS Of
India have come. Yet now. sud-
denly and literally without warning.
the almost unthinkable has hap
pened. India's 1,400 miles of east
ern coastline, including its great
cities, Calcutta and Madras, lie vir-
tually defenSeleSs, and the mighty
Notifications of the northwest from
tier are as useless against the Jap
anese as was the Maginot line to
stem the German drive through Bel
GUM.
The threat to India from the An
damans Is unmistakable, and is ac-
centuated by the likelihood that the
neighboring Nicobar Islands are
sharing the same fate. Together,
these two island groups form chain
running almost due north and south
for some 500 miles. Possession OF
that island chain projects Japanese
power from Malaga some 400 miles
out into the Bay OF Bengal-one-
third of the way to India. Excel
lent harbors and air bases lie only
700 miles from Calcutta and 300 miles
from Trincomalee, Britain's one re-
manning fortified naval base on the
island of Ceylon of India's south
ern tip. London seems tacitly to
admit that it has no fleet in those
waters capable OF contesting Japan's
naval superiority. II this be 50, not
only can long-range Japanese bomb
ers raid India and Ceylon, but Jap
aneSe fighter planes from carriers
can support them. Furthermore, the
major sealane around the tip OF
India and up to Calcutta Is subject
to the combined perils Of aircraft.
submarines and surface raiders.
To meet the impending threat,
both India and Ceylon are being
hastily prepared. The difficulty is
not man power, there being fully
1000 900 Indian soldiers under arms,
but lack of equipment and training.
The native army has been expanded
nearly five-fold since the beginning
of the war, but Indian industry pro-
duces little in the way of tanks,
planes and heavy guns-those in
dispensables In modern mechanical
warfare. The outlook is thus ad-
mittedly serious.
1t Is to be hoped that the Japa-
nese seizure OF the Andaman Is
lands, coming as it does at the very
moment when Sir Stafford Cripps
is conferring with the leaders OF all
Indian factions, may make these
faction leaders see the vital ne
cessity OF subordinating or adjourn
ing their mutual differences for COM
mon action against a fierce and re-
lentless enemy. The Andamans can
thus serve as an alarm bell ringing
at the eleventh hour.
Evening star., 1942-03-27

prophecy that II this were done many
other projects could be safely and
sensibly curtailed" and bring vel
come relief to the men and women
who must foot the Nations greatest
tax bill
Evening star., 1942-03-27

receipt OF letter bearing one signature
and from two to four sets OF initials OF
those who initiate and concur in the
letter.
The writer realizes the Importance OF
proper authorization for important
actions. but don't get the idea that all
we need to do is to pick up the phone and
tell Mr.. Smith in the other department
what We want done. Red tape still has a
high priority.
ORDNANCE ENGINEER.
Evening star., 1942-03-27

Sometimes the best way to describe
war is to call it a period during which
American movie queens and society
stand-outs get special pictorial treat
ment.
Evening star., 1942-03-27
Everybody's SONG Book

Everybody's Song Book - Pa
triotic songs to fire our love OF
country-hymns to tighten a de-
pressed spirit - the best-loved
songs OF the American people,
expressive of their temperaments
and moods, are included in this
collection of 205 songs, complete
with words and music. This pub
lication also tells when and in
what circumstances the Star
Spangled Banner" and other ia
nous American songs we're writ
ten. Bound in an attractive.
durable cover, the book Is 6 by 9
inches in size. To secure your copy
inclose 20 cents in coin, wrapped
In this clipping, and mail to The
Star Information Bureau.
Name
Address
Evening star., 1942-03-27

There are now no fewer than six
separate and distinct governmental
agencies dealing with wool. Some
might describe this as AL wool and
much too WIDE"
Evening star., 1942-03-27

Letters to the Editor must
bear the name and address OF
the tOriter, although the use of
a pseudonym for publication is
permissible. The Star reserves
the right to edit all letters Nth
d rieD to condensation.
Evening star., 1942-03-27
Says 'Layering"
Is Not Yet "Out.s

To the Editor Of The Star:
The announcement in press and radio
that "layering' or red tape had been
cut by Chairman Donald Nelson of w.
P. B. and Undersecretary Of War Pat
terson, regarding contacts between sub
ordinate officials of the two departments
was greatly misunderstood, as indicated
in your editorial, "Layering Is Out" pub
lished March 20.
Even If a phone call was previously
banned, certainly under the present set
up, no concrete action will be taken
except upon receipt of a letter which
will 60 from its author up through
channels and then down again through
channels to its destination.
The system upon which the War De-
partment now operates within itself is
briefly this: The man who initiates .
request to another group for action sends
it up through channels where it again
goes down through channels to the one
who is requested to act, even though both
men are in subdivisions of one depart
ment. Though verbal decisions might
be reached by personal conference, no
concrete action Is taken until the written
communication clears in from one to
several days.
Briefly, those who act do 50 only upon
Evening star., 1942-03-27

IuIlQdNlcQCdl importance Oh SENSE. Cralns
ing and the ethical element in educa-
ton and finally that education is for
all and not for q favored few only
were all articles In the creed of Co.
menus. Yet many Of them are far from
universally adopted today. Surely this
man was . prophet The place Of
Comenius in the history of education,
therefore, is one of commanding i'm
portance He introduces and dominates
the whole modern movement in the
field of elementary and secondary edu-
cation. His relation to our present teach
ing is similar to that held by Copernicus
and Newton toward modern science, and
Bacon and Descartes toward modern
philosophy"
What was true of Comenius in 1892
Is true in 1912. also.
As 4 matter OF fact, today more than
ever, We realize how necessary It is for
the future of civilization to unite on
the basis Of common. mutual under
standing and love.
How closely related are the ideals of
Comenius to the spirit Of American free
dom, is stated in H. w. v. Temperley's
"A History Of the Peace Conference of
Paris, 1921" The original (Czechoslo-
vaD Declaration OF Independence, with
its deliberate rejection Of the divine
rights Of kings for the principles Of
Lincoln and Of the Declaration Of the
Rights of Man and of the Citizen
principles which the nation Of Hus and
Comenius justly claimed as its own
remains key to the mentality and aims
Of the new republic -"
It Ia . privilege. therefore. and . great
responsibility ct the same time for the
The Nome nugget., 1942-05-25
Russian Offensive Reported Still
 Rolling At kharkov on l4th Day

UNDATED, May 25 (AP) - Russa's Kharkov off, fensive major factor in the strategical planning for both sides of the world conflict pictured rolling forward again the Red Army wiped out the best the Germans had to offer in the way of flank diversion. The wedge which the Germans had driven into the Russian salient curving past Kharkov the south was shattered with enormous losses to the en- emy" Moscow dispatches said the Russians have drv ahead once after they consolidated neWly ground This is the 14h day of the battle the Khar koV front perhaps the most valuable of all German positions in Russia It buttresses the Taganrog threat of the Germans to invade the Caucasus, when and if they get their own major drive under way
 The German command, not retreating from it's pre- Vious claims that considerable Russian forces cut off the salient lanking Kharkov, said fighting south of the big Ukranian manufacturing city developed into q battle of encrclement A commun!que said the bulk of three Soviet armies including strong tank forces have been encircled and all attempts to break out have failed with heavy losses to the enemy.
 Obviously both the Germans and Russian could cor rect their description of the battle but corroboraton must await the final outcome of the encounter
The Nome nugget., 1942-05-25
Two Swift Strokes Against Enemy Invasion Bases

Allied Headquarters In Australia, May 22 Delay ed) (AP) - Saturday, AL lied bombers crippled two Japanese ships, destroyed seven planes and badly damaged six other bomb CTS in two swift strokes az ainst the enemy's invasion bases at Rabaul, New Brit ain and Lac, New Guinea, it was announced officially.
 In the attack on Rabaul, a large transport was left in a crippled condition in the harbor and six heavy Japanese bombers were badly damaged at the air drome. Enemy intercep- ton was ineffective"
 A tanker was severely damaged at Lac and two Japanese bombers and five fighters were destroyed.
The Nome nugget., 1942-05-25
Japanese Claim Successes In China, Most Crucial Sector of War in Pacific

UNDATED, May 25 (AP) - Japanese dispatches claimed important successes in southeastern and south western China areas 1500 miles apart and which be- Pacific.
 In the southwestern province of Yunnan, Jap forces reported to have surged the upper SaIWeen river in the face of fierce Chinese fire occupying the hills which shield the bridge head along the road to Paosan, 5 miles beyond
 Despite the handicaps of the rainy season in Burma generally counted on to foresall any major offensive against India the Japanese conquerors of Burma are still a sharp threat to China, though terrific odds and terrain lay between them and Running, eastern ter minus of the Burma Road, and 375 miles from their SalWeen foothold.
 The other front where the enemy has perhaps a more decisive position 10 gain major victory, lies in Che-Kian province across China from Yunnan. Fur therng successes last week in the face of Chinese resistance the Japs in CheKian province carried the drive dangerously near the important communications center and provincial capital, KinhaWa.
The Nome nugget., 1942-05-25
Timoshenko's Troops Win Newly Fortified Positions

Moscow, May 23 (AP) - Timoshenko's shock troops are reported fighting from newly fortified and new won positions before Khar- kov. The Germans are hay ing alternate success" in flanking counter attacks to the south despite the loss of 15,000 men killed in 3 days.
 The information bureau said "our units dislodged the enemy from powerful ly fortified positions" The Germans hurled 3 groups of tanks into one narrow sector but Soviet troops de stroyed 39 of them.
The Nome nugget., 1942-05-25
Battle Kharkov Runs Into 14th Day
5 Survivors Rescued--May Be Crew U. S. Battleship
Enemy Subs Sinks 19 Merchantmen in Western Atlantic Last Week

New York, May 25 (AP) - On the proWl in the north Atlantic's frigid wa ters and in the Caribbean, enemy subs were credited officially last week to have sunk l9 merchantmen in the Western Atlantic to bring the war toll to 210 of neutral or Allied ships.
 The Navy placed the cas ualties for the weeks sea warfare at more than 1855 dead and 100 missing. 425 seamen a Il d passengers were rescued.
The Nome nugget., 1942-05-25
Argentine Steamer Picks
 Up 5 Survivors, Reported Survivors U. 5. Battleship

Buenos Aires, May 24 CAP - The State Mer- chant Fleet office said the small Argentine steamer Rio lguazu picked up 5 persons at sea. Newspaper reports declared that the rescued were sailors from a United States Warship.
 The Merchant Fleet of flee told of the survivors in response to inquiries after the Italian renewed claims to having sunk a battle ship with a submarine in the Atlantic off Brazil. The Italians had announced Fri day the sinking of an Am erican battleship of the Maryland class by the sub marine Barbarigo.
The Nome nugget., 1942-05-25
Germans Assert Russian Mass Attacks On KharkOv Collapsed Completely

Berlin, May 23 (AP) - The High Command an- nounced that Russian mass attacks at KharkoV have collapsed completely and military quarters added that German troops have shifted to the offensive in the gigantic battle for the Russian city.
 On t h e northwestern front, the High Command added, the Russians are continuing their attacks southeast of Lake linen without success.
 The communique said the Germans destroyed 452 planes this week while losing only 45 planes.
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The Nome nugget., 1942-05-25
laps Says North Carolina Type U. s. Ship Damaged

Tokyo, May g (AP) - The Japs announced that a 5,000-ton U. s. battleship of the North Carolina type was damaged, and a cruis- CT of the Portland class, sunk in the Coral Sea bat tie, in addition to other loss es previously reported in- flicted on the Allied fleet.
 There was no indication from authoritative sources that either of the sister bat tleships North Carolina or Washington were sunk.