davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1942-11-08

States. although they long since became
peaceful people.
Neither the War with Mexico nor the
Civil War brought any single outstand-
ing marine action but the corps came
back into history sensationally with the
outbreak of the War with Spain. Rear
Admiral w. T. Sampson, seeking an ad-
vance base from which his vessels could
operate in blockading the Spanish feet
in Santiago Harbor chose Guantanamo
Bay, a sheltered inlet about 40 miles
away, now naval station.
But first the area around the bay must
be captured. He requested marine and
Army forces in Florida to undertake q
land campaign against Santiago. begin
ming with an attempt to take the Guam
tanamo environs.
The marines were on the Job in IL
hours. It was II days before the first
Army detachments arrived. 1t. Col.
Robert w. Huntington began putting his
sea soldiers ashore the moment they ar
rived and before the day was over four
companies with camp equipment and a
quantity of stores were entrenched along
the beach. During the next two days
Spanish guerrillas attacked the outpost
guards. The marine battalion was $50
strong. 1t was ascertained that there
were about 1000 Spaniards in the imme-
diate vicinity and several thousand In
the region surrounding Guantanamo.
But Col. Huntington observed that the
enemy's only source of water was well
about miles from the marine camp. In
the tropical heat water was essential to
any sustained action.
Two marine companies boldly set out
toward Spanish positions around the
well. The Spaniards outnumbered the
attackers four to one, but in a few hours
the marines were able to capture only 18
prisoners. The defeated force proclaimed
that it had been attacked by 10000
Americans
The marine battalion was the first to
land on Cuban soil, the first to raise the
Stars and Stripes over Cuban territory,
and the first to see action with organized
detachments of the Spanish Army.
But it was in the First World War
that the marines won their greatest
glory. The 4th Marines went to
France soon after the declaration of war
as part of the I'd Division. They ar
rived when the cause of the Allies
seemed desperate. The French were
reeling back on Paris under the impact
of seemingly countless host of Ger
man troops. On May q the Kaisers
forces started an attack intended to
knock out Paris and end the war. They
battered their way to the outskirts of
Chateau Thierry, barely 20 miles from
the French capital. The newly arrived
American divisions were rushed for
ward as reserves.
The 4th Marines were assigned to
small wooded area, Belleau Wood. The
Germans attacked and encountered
something new. Each marines rifle was
aimed not at general aiming point, as
was the usual practice, but at an indi-
vidual foe, preferably an officer. The
enemy dug in to await reinforcements
and then the marines attacked.
Their valor was costly. The 4th
Brigade went into action at Belleau
Wood with about 9,400 men. At the
end Of the war they had suffered 14,968
casualties more than $50 per cent re-
placement. r. r. II.
Evening star., 1942-11-08

On the machine gun-swept beaches
Of the South Pacific the United States
Marines are fighting their 180th cam
paign in 167 years.
The corps will celebrate its birthday
Tuesday. From British Guinea to Ice
land, from London to Tulagi in camps
over the United States where they are
undergoing the most strenuous training
ever required of soldiers, Americas
hardest and most efficient body of fight
ing men will pause moment to reflect
on the pages of history made by the
long, ghostly ranks of soldiers of the
sea whose tramping feet have beat a
martial rhythm under the stars Of all
the four quarters of the sky.
Many of the exploits Of the corps live
only in its own annals. They have been
erased from history-those landings and
battles, always in the face of vastly SUI
perior forces, in Abyssinia, Samoa,
Korea; those jungle campaigns in Haiti,
in Mexico, in Central America. Some
of the most glorious traditions of the
Marines belong to the Marines alone al
though their major exploits are known to
every American schoolchild.'
The corps was founded just 167 years
ago November 10 at riverside tavern
in Philadelphia, shortly after authority
had been granted by the Continental
Congress. A tablet now marks the spot,
occupied by a warehouse, on South
Water street. Capt. Samuel Nicholas
the first commandant had the idea Of
body OF tough fighting men-men Injured
to all sorts of hardships, who knew how
to use their fists, to gouge out eyes,
to kick, to be quick with the knife, to
shoot straight. They could be disciplined
into military body later.
He went where tough men were to be
found-the rough -and-tumble fighters of
the seven seas. Many such congregated
around the smoke-hlled, rum aromaed
Tun Tavern. The first recruiting officer
was tough guy himself-big listed Irish
Robert Mullan, proprietor of the tavern,
who could clean out his barroom single
handed when some of the toughest men
on earth started rough house.
Recruiting No Easy Job.
Recruiting the first Marines was no
easy job. There was as yet no tradition
OF the corps, no patriotic appeal. 1t was
a case of superabundant promises OF
bounties, pensions and plenty of rum to
men whose money was running short. If
there was any shanghaiing there are no
records OF it-but recruiting was recruit
ing in those days
From such beginning has developed
through the generations probably the
most elite, skilled body of fighting men
on earth, men whose profession is to
fight against desperate odds, men who
have carried respect for America around
the earth, men who have played lead
ing part not only in the history Of their
own country but in the history OF the
world for more than century and q
half.
The uniform and discipline of the Ma
rinesedid something to the rough sailors
who became its first members. They have
continued to remake the lives Of nearly
all who have joined the corps ever since.
. The Marine Corps fought its first battle
Evening star., 1942-11-08
The Russian Front

On the 500th day of the war on the
eastern front Germany boasted OF killing,
seriously wounding or capturing l4'ooo.-
600 Russians.
This NAV be literally true. So also are
Russian claims that the actual mlhtary
casualties are about equal-somewnere
between 100000 and 100000 for each
side. The extra 10000 900 claimed by
the Germans are civilians In the heavily
populated occupied areas.
In view Of these figures there can be
m doubt that Russia, however confident,
is hard pressed The defenders OF
stalingrad still hold out amidst the ruins
az their homes and factories. An early
Evening star., 1942-11-08

early the next year when it was learned
that the British were building large
ammunition dump on the island OF New
Providence in the Bahamas. A squadron
Of eight vessels was assembled secretly,
220 Marines were loaded aboard with the
crews, and the expedition sailed under
the command of the redoubtable John
Paul Jones, flying the rattlesnake flag
with the words: Don't tread on me-"
In command OF the landing force was
Maj. Nicholas.
New Providence was defended by two
solid Notifications, Forts Montague and
Nassau. Just beyond view from the island
the Marines and so sailors were loaded
into two native sloops. AS these ap-
preached the beach the men crouched
out Of sight, only the usual native crews
being seen. A surprise attack was foiled,
however, when the big ships OF the
squadron appeared too soon in view Of
the enemy lookouts and the alarm was
sounded
Nevertheless, the landing party con-
tinued and succeeded in capturing Fort
Montague without the loss OF man. The
next morning they attacked Fort Nassau
and captured II cannon, Is mortars and
"a casks of powder.
Joined Crossing Of Delaware.
The corps next appears in history when
battalion, still under the command of
Maj. Nicholas, joined Washington s
ragged, hungry forces in time to take
part in the historic crossing of the Della
ware on Christmas eve. Here the sea
soldiers suffered their first casualties.
Shortly thereafter there were 1877 Ma
rines aboard the Bon Homme Richard
when it came to grips with the pride of
the British Navy, the frigate Scraps.
The sea soldiers were largely responsible
for the victory. John Paul Jones sta
toned 10 of them in the masts as sharp
shooters, with orders to pick off the
English officers and gun crew leaders.
They succeeded so well that the crew Of
the Scraps was left without leaders.
At that time the American Marine was
colorful flgure-certainly If he wore the
uniform prescribed for him. Under the
circumstances this is quite doubtful. This
unifom consisted, for enlisted men, Of a
green coat with red facings, breeches of
light-colored cloth, woolen stockings and
round hat with white bindings. The
officers wore green coat with turn-back
skirts faced with white, white waistcoat
and breeches edged with green, knee
length black CATERS and cooked hat. In
action both officers and men wore leather
collars reaching from the collarbone to
the ear to protect neck and jugular vein
from the pixies and cutlasses of boarding
parties. This practice of the origin of
the term "leatherneck" which has been
applied to Marines ever since. A relic
of the leather collar is the high, tight
fitting collar of the present Marine dress
uniform.
After the Revolution the Marines
soon were called into action again when
Naval 1t. Stephen Decatur was sent to
chasten the Barbary pirates. They en-
gagged In a series of landing raids for
the next four years. In the most IA
nous Of these raids Decatur led small
force of Marines and sailors into the
Evening star., 1942-11-08
Critical Battle Egyptian Desert May Prove Be Turning Point Of War
Americas Forty-Eighth Week Of War
(166th Week of World War ~
By Thomas X. Henry.

Deadoked all
armies faced each other Egyptian
passable valley of heat and DEATH the Qatara Depression
There five months Field
the
present had halted of
tona victories OF the world conflict
his feeand also the
dug in for die
With Rommel wearmed we'll disciplined
German desert fighters horde Italians
fodder weary
Qatara
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-03-15
New Williamson
Office Opened

Gordon Williamson. past preSi-
dent Of the United Norihv oStern
Realty Association. Saturday an
nounccd opening Of ms own real
estate office Al 1000 Grand River
avenue Williamson was formerly
affiliated with Francis Palms As
SOClatCS.
Williamson said he would cor
tinue As sales 'Ccnt for The George
A. Duke Construction Company
specializing IN The sale Of now
homes under $4,000 williamson
associates in his now office arc
James A. Cooper and Charles G.
HouChton.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-03-15
PAGE ONE
.Lanphdr 10 Address
Realtors Wednesday

Melvin F Lanphar. head Of tho
House Of Lanphar, Will discuss
civilian defense m an address next
Wednesday noon A. the weekly
meeting Of the brokers division Of
The Detroit Real Estate Board AT
The Savoyard Club. Lanphar air
raid warden for the sixth area OF
Detroit. viii talk on the lmpor-
lance ri the Air raid warden Set-ur
IN civilian defense, together with
The responsibility Of members Of
the real estate profession in civil
ian defense activities.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-03-15
Purposes Listed

The announced purposes of the
new board included
The uniting of those engaged
In the recognized branches Of
the real estate business in tins
community to exert "A hcuet icial
influence upon matters affecting
the real estate business and re
lated interests; 10 prov ide "A unit
fled medium tor real estate own
cr> and those engaged in the real
estate business whereby ColleC-
tive and individual interests may
be- >afpIuarded and advanced;
10 promote and maintain high
standards of conduct in the
transaction of real estate huSi-
ness: 10 advance tho interests al
this community hN promoting
hubble Improvements.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-03-15
EDRA 10 Hear
Address by Donovan

Statesmen and brokers of the
Eastern Detroit Realty ASSoCIa-
ton will hear an address by Joseph
+. Donovan of Donovan Brothers.
al a night meeting of tho aSSocia-
tion next Tuesday Donovan chair
man Of tho EDRA membership
committee. will stress tho advan-
tagcS Of membership IN The assoc
citation. The meeting Will be held
Al the associations central office.
1908 Harper avenue. Harry I.
Sine, EDRA president, will preside.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-03-15
q. and n.
Q-Row deep can a floor lol>'
be cut for piping and duct work
without impairinc the effective
strength of the iOiSt

4 DO not notch Tho top or bot
tom edges of floor io.siS more than
onc-SlNth Of the loJs' depth. II
a deeper cut is necessary. q header
rho full depth Of the lol>t should
bc cut in 10 support the end OF the
ioist. Joi>lS should never hc
notchcd in the middle third OF the
span.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-03-15
Build Cash Reserve
To BulWGrk Home

higher than usual should adopt
a plan of systematic saving
against the inevitable day OF
showdown, that course Is OF
particular advantage to the fam.
lily that Is paying off a long-term
mortgage" Webb said. ut may
he new large debt or one well
paid down. Many of those home
owners-perhaps millions OF
them-are now receiving fatter
pay envelopes than in years.
often two or more persons In
one family are employed where
only one had a job before. For
the time being there is surplus
in the household budget"
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-03-15
1,648 Mortgages
Issued in County

There were 161S mortgages is.
sued IN Wayne County during Feb
ruary with a total value oI
S1l .3574OI. the Abstract and Title
Guaranty Company reported
Saturday. Twenty-One ot the
mortgages were for sums IN excess
.of $4,000.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-03-15
Really Business
Good i'm Detroit
Speakers Say Shortage
of Merchandise InPcnds
BN LAFE ALLEN
Detroit Times Rcai Isais Iiitor

r $ : e.. .. .. Is. = .
progressively
Detro''S industries y
cleaned from panel discussion AZ last Wec
al .cr>
estimated that Detroit viii need
months declared Howard
Robinson sales Seldom Johnson who Id OF The
symposium local realty
We are q -
aS implements \nd
priNat dI>tr tho
"Probab, biggest problem confronting the
ack of me IN O Nomcbu
ma
their tild.rs busy '1 ddrt want mi competition
% listing
the
q
no question q a
NJ used properties Robinson per
Eighteen months the
out 90
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-03-15
Build a cash reserve to bull
wark your home"

This advice to the man with a
mortgage on his dwelling was
given Saturday by 7 d. Webb.
vice chairman Of the Federal
Home Loan Bank Board in dis
cusSlng the effect of increased
earnings of defense workers on
home ownership and the pocket
book Of American families. lr
citing the advantage OF such say
ing 10 the owner of mOrtgagec
home. he also asserted that IT vii
help 10 place a brake on initiation
while obviously every person
whose earnings these days are
The Glasgow courier. [volume] (Glasgow, Mont.) 1913-current, 1942-01-29
THOENY
BY Ruby E. Stuber

Frank Bronx was a business caller
in Opheim Monday.
MI. and Mrs. Harley Hunter were
in HinSdale Tuesday.
Mrs. Harley Hunter drove to OPP
helm Thursday. returning home Fri
day with her daughter Mary.
Dan Thoeny and West Jensen
were dinner guests of Mr.. and Mrs.
j. M. Thoeny Friday.
Mrs. Dora Stuber and family drove
to Opheim for the show Saturday.
They visited at the Robert Stein
home in Glentana Sunday.
Mr.. and Mrs. Hammond Allie and
Mrs. A. Allie and Selma were callers
in Thoeny and at Stubers' Friday
afternoon.
West Jensen helped Frank Cradle
put up a big supply of ice.
The Glasgow courier. [volume] (Glasgow, Mont.) 1913-current, 1942-01-29
CENEVIEVE
BY Isabel

Robert and John Arndtare nov
building a barn on Robert Arndt's
farm. These nice days offer splendid
opportunity for the bustling farmers
to get more of the rush work for
spring out of the way.
Andrew Stiley was a caller at the
H. E. Lick home Friday.
Johnnie Valentine has been look
ing after stray stock this past week.
Mr.. and Mrs. j. S. Peck and sons
Robert and Richard drove to Hins-
dale Wednesday.
George Peck, who has been stay
ing at the home of his sister, Mrs.
Mrs. Candea are now in Rochester,
Sunday with home folks. Mr.. and
Mrs. Canlea are now in Rochester,
Mimi, where he is receiving treat
ment at the Mayo clinic.
Mr. and Mrs. John Valentine and
Mr.. and Mrs. Henry Denoma of
Cole were sunday dinner guests of
Mr.. and Mrs. j. S. Peck.
Robert Arndt did some inside car
penter work for John Valentine
Tuesday and for Mrs. H.. E. Barton
Friday.
Walter Valentine went to Wolf
Point wednesday for a final physical
him being placed in class B-1, sub
iect to call some time this summer.
Mrs. Paul Utter and brother, Mr..
hammond, Ct Saco were Genevieve
Thursday.
Mrs. Allen Marshall Of the Valley J
pcstoffice called here Friday. !
The Glasgow courier. [volume] (Glasgow, Mont.) 1913-current, 1942-01-29
FRAZER
BY Mrs. J. W. Caifee

Mrs. Nick Peters and children Ar,
dine and Dickey, Mrs. Theodore
Dahl and little daughter Deanna
Mrs. A. F. Peters and Mrs. j. w
Calfee drove to Wolf Point Satur.
day afternoon for a few hours visit
Miss Ruby Gribble, Margaret
Hersberg. Richard Berge and Ernest
Schieve, students at Glasgow high
school, came home Friday for the
week end.
Mr.. and Mrs. l.. j. johnson were
in Wolf Point Saturday afternoon.
Mr.. and Mrs. Richard Peterson
drove to Richey Sunday to visit Mrs.
Peterson's parents.
Mr.. and Mrs. c. N. Sathra and
daughter Betty Ann and Miss Clara
Leesleth of Williston, N. D., Miss
Myrtle Nelson of Poplar, Mr.. and
Mrs. o. L. Hagen, Doris Nickles and
Roy and George Dunster of Nashua
were supper guests Sunday evening
at the home of Mr.. and Mrs. Edwin
Johnson.
r. 1. Nichols was a Wolf Point
business visitor Saturday afternoon.
Donald Olson of Spokane, gradu-
ate of Frazer high school, spent a
few days at his parents home south
of the Missouri river last week and
visited at the Henry Kolstad home
here for a short time before enlist
ing in the navy.
William Peters and June Walton
went to Glasgow early Wednesday
morning and left for Missoula,
where they will be indicted as draf-
tees into the army. Several friends
accompanied them to Glasgow.
Mrs. P. J.. Dassonville and chill
dren and Mrs. Verle Vanderhoff
were shopping in Glasgow Wednes-
day afternoon.
Margaret and Maxine Trauers,
Mr.. and Mrs. Gunder Martin, Mrs.
Kenneth Olson of Culbertson, Mrs.
John Neubauer, Mrs. Andy Neubau-
er, Mrs. Anfin Martin and Robert
Olson of Oswego visited at the Henry
Kolstad home last Wednesday.
Dyer Petersen invited several
friends to his home Wednesday af-
ternoon to help him celebrate his
fifth birthday. Those present were
Dickey Peters, Curtis and Janice
Dassonville, Jimmy Davis, Rachel
Brooks, Mary Sue and Carol Holt
berg and Betty Hintze.
The Frazer ladies bridge club met
with Mrs. Linn Tinsman near Os-
wego Monday night. Mrs. R. L..
won high prize and Mrs.
Nick Peters low prize. Mrs. Lucy
Miss Elizabeth FTiessen Of
Oswego and Miss Mildred Glover
substitutes for absent men,
bers.
Little James Larry Hovey spent a
few days with his grandparents, I
Mr.. and Mrs. James Terry of Wolf g
Point, last week.
Mrs. M. A. Lien and daughter '
Kathryn we're Wolf Point callers l
Monday afternoon. I
Mr.. and Mrs. L. j. Bucklin and :.
laughter Sharon and Mrs. A. E. J.
,ecy of Redstene were Glasgow Wis
tors Saturday. Mrs. Lecy remained ,
Intil Monday evening with her son, y
)r. c. A. Lecy. y
The Glasgow courier. [volume] (Glasgow, Mont.) 1913-current, 1942-01-29
WHAT
By Lillian M. Jensen

Charlotte Ann Olson has been il
for a few days this week.
Mr.. and Mrs. Francis Rusher, Mr.
and Mrs. Ross Dorr and Mrs. Hans
Jensen attended the Farmers UniCr
officers meeting at the Allen cafe
blue con Wednesday night.
Pearl Pidwerbecki was an over
night guest of Janice Brown Satur-
day.
Mrs. Mike Had was a caller in
town Wednesday.
Fred Clark and Mike Had helped
George Demko ice Saturday.
Charles walker sprained his ankle
Monday while icing. He had to con-
suit a doctor.
Grace Dorr was an overnight guest
of Dona Jean Jensen Wednesday.
MI. and Mrs George Demko at
tended the show in Glasgow Sat
urday night.
Mr.. and Mrs. Charles walker call
ed at the Glen Dix home Sunday
evening. MI. and Mrs. Hans Jensen
and daughters called at the j. M.
WdiSll IlOlllC 0uulOLdy aAbCAHoSAA-
Charles Hall and Joe Novak were
callers in Glasgow Thursday after
CON
Mr.. and Mrs. Ezra Hurlburt, MI
and Mrs. Elmer Hake, Mr. and Mrs.
Syver Hanson, John johnson and
Mr.. and Mrs. Charles walker were
business callers in Glasgow Sat
urday.
Bonnie Dorr spent the weekend in
Glasgow at the home of her grand
parents.
Mr.. and Mrs. Hans Jensen enter
tanned the Charles Walker and Will
liam Malunat families, Margie Bar
thelemy, Calvin Riemel and Joe NO
yak at a Saturday evening dinner.
Earl Kidd made a trip to town
Wednesday.
Lillian Jensen was a guest of Bev-
erly Dahl Wednesday evening.
The Glasgow courier. [volume] (Glasgow, Mont.) 1913-current, 1942-01-29
PARTY AT JACOBS HOME

HINSDALE@Mr. and Mrs. w. H.
Jacobs entertained at dinner and
cards Thursday evening DR.. and Mrs.
T. l.. Cockrell, Mr.. and Mrs. r. r.
Black, Mr. and Mrs. Frank Gaspar,
Mr.. and Mrs. E. F. Simmons. Su-
p~erintendent and Mrs. H. P. Schug,
Mr.. and Mrs. F. L. Westrum, Mr..
and Mrs. Bernard Gaspar, Mr.. and
Mrs. James Rookie, Mrs. Marie Will
hanson, Clara Adams and Eleanor
Westrum. High scores were made by
Mr.. Westrum for the men and by
Mrs. Bernard Gaspar for the women.
Evening star., 1942-05-27
Uncle Rays Corner
BY RAMON COFFMAN.

Central Africa has the best ivory
in the world. Perhaps we might
better say "the central zone OF
Africa" since the ivory belt runs
from one side of the continent to
the other. 1t includes land both
north and south of the Equator.
Ethiopia is on the eastern side
of the ivory zone. The ivory coast
is on the western side.
African elephants have tusks
which are larger than those of In
dian elephants. The ivory is some
what whittier.
The average weight Of African
tusks Is about SIS pounds. Some big
bull elephants, however, produce
tusks weighing more than 200
pounds.
Indian elephants do not have such
large tusks, but they produce ivory
of good quality. Ivory from their
tusks ranks below African ivory,
but it is better than the fossil
ivory" of Russia.
Russia's fossil ivory is taken from
the surface of the ground, or is dug
up. 1t comes from tusks of NAM
moths, the hair-covered animals of
elephant type which once roamed
over some parts of Europe and
Northern Asia.
Making use of their supply, the
people of Asia have produced ivory
carvings of great value. Ivory