davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-12-03
No New Street Lights

There will be no new street
lights installed for the duration Of
the war Louis J. Schrenk, man.
ager Of the public lighting com
mission. informed common council
today except where they can be
proved necessary 10 protect war
plants from possible sabotage
Schrenk said he had received a
directive from the WPB banning
new street lights.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1942-12-03
Extend Parking Lots Study

Continued tomorrow
The Waterbury Democrat., 1942-10-28
CITY EMPLOYES
 IN 'WALK.OUT'
Starvation Wages" Pros tested In cIncInnatli Wa
 ter Supply Endangered

Cincinnati, Oct, as " (UPl "A Walkaut Of Cincinnati municipal empleyes protesting shat they called starvation wages today ens aaneeFed the water supply ef boe,' 900 persons,
 The city emplayes Local 0l the Unilad G0nstTuetian Workers, aFfE Hated with the United Mine Work CTS, called a strike at . D, 70, ta enforce demands l0r q aA per cent wage lneTeaSe, The union said that s,b00 workers vent on strike,
 Carl Y, RbeFllns, watefwoFks sns peFgnsandenl, said the elly's water reserve would last only i've aF three days,
 After that, we just won't have anp water in the malns,H no said,
 Tha Walkeul affected the water. works, highway nlAlnsanAnee and garbage and waste collection aes paFtments,
 George E, Rice, president Of the nnl0n, said the men will return 70 N0Fk Hlf city council makes na A sincere offer 10 negotiate a wage lnerpata which wlll meet the needs ef the men,
 '''Thla ia strike against hhaFrlll'a GGlty Manager Q, Q, aherFllll alaFs VAllon waeea," Rice said, afamlllles
 tContInned nn Page q
The Waterbury Democrat., 1942-10-28
DEMOCRATS, COP
 WORRY OVER N. Y.
DissensiOns, Bolts Add to Fight to Win GOvers
 nOrship

New York, Oct, 2s-UPl-Politl- cal dissensi0n and hoped-for bolts were notable factors today in both Republican and Democratic ealcu- latlons Of the chances of their gubernatorial candidates for Nov. 8 election in New York state.
 The New Deal split Is out in the open where lt can be seen and al, most counter. Sampllngs Of public opinion consistently show that the American Labor party is cutting heavily into the votes upon which Democratic candidates heretofore have depended for support,
 John J, Bennett, Jr, wha was picked for state attorney general by President Roosevelt before he lell Albany and who ktill holds that Job, is the Democratic gubefnatoFial candidate this year, nominated, de. spite MF, Ra0seYelt's opposition, by a convention controlled by James 4, Farley, 0nertime manager of New Deal presidential campaigns,
 Bennett Is hard hit by the ALP bolt, Dean Alfange, a lawyer, Is the ALP guheTnal0Flal candidate He Is remaining ln the contest ae. spite Mir, RaOseYelt's condemnation last week Of hpFotest votings and some exploratory efforts of Demo- eFals here te persuade hlm 10 withs draw Although Alliances party re- fused sa accept Bennett as lts cans
 loonlinned on Page Q
The Waterbury Democrat., 1942-10-28

Yesterday, an aFmoTed clash of larger scale than hitherto deyel- oped.' a e0mmunique issued by the Middle East command and the Royal Air Force said. After heavy fighting, the enemy was driven of with considerable loss"
 The eommunique said British tank losses were comparatively light,
 There was brisk fighting along the entire Alamein line and Allied air forces, with American bombeTs and fighters in the vanguard, ham- mered the enemy meFcilessly from the sir.
 tRadio Rome said the British Eighth Army was attacking strong " and tenaelously, regardless of it's losses" Radio Berlin said numeF- 0us reserves were being thrown into the battle by the Alliesl
 The eommunlque said there had been mo abatement in our air att taeks,"
 Night fighters, sweeping over the western desert on offensive patFols, shot down Q German Junkersr6T bomber and damaged others, t Fe. ported,
 Allied light homhers and fighter homhers, with American planes ear- Tying Q major share Of the attack, divided their efforts against enemy concentrations in the forward area and Q raid on the MatFnh dock area, st was announced officially,
 Rommel sent over diYerh0mheFs ln an attempt to paFalyae the Allied forward troops, but Allied fighter planes went Into the air and disy peFsea them, Thirteen planes were shot down from this formation, the eommunlgue said,
 sTha enemy was mainly on the defensive, but late in the evening he attempted @tuka attack on our forward troops is said, ''Tle raid was successfully intercepted by our fighters who dispersed the attack, destroying aa planes,
 'phe total Tor the day was IR, with Rs many again damaged, Nest Of the eAemys casualties were flghsg ers,
 Tt Is nov known that three adal, ll0nal fighters were destroyed M0ns day, but they were not announced, 7
 The Axis continued 10 nnMMel the British Mediterranean Island Al Malta with tlghleTuh0mber raids, but could lnsllet anly slight dam age, t was announced,
 The Allied aerial loss, ln all opera lions, was six planes,
The Waterbury Democrat., 1942-10-28
COP PAINLESS, IS
 DR. CROSS CLAIM
ExsGOyernOr ln Radio Talk Counts McLevy Out Of
 Race

Hartford, Conn, october 2a, w~ fuPl " Former Governor Wllbng L, Gross, calling for the election at the Democratic state ticket, asserted today athe Republican party @ eQnv neelseut hes fallen into the hands Of a group 0l politicians who hope t0 win the election without ans n0unelng anything they glA ao ' the election Is won"
 'sThey would like as much as any, one elst to see our army victorious 7 the former governor said ln . radio lalk, .bui they wish that v mlghl he under some one besides Pfeslv dent Roosevelt whom they never mention eKepl te aenenhee the man and GU hls weFks,H
 pr, Gross sald the anehnateFlal Faea should he sa straight contest hetweenn Governor Robert 4, HuFE Icy and Raymond ', Baldwin sWlshs Allt Reddllng with Jasper MehAEvH llhe socialist eanaldalel,
 Meantime, Baldwin, speaking At . Shelton rally, said he fay9Fea abatement af the ba annual old age assistance lAN Tor men in the armed services, He Rald, lf elected, he would ask repeal of thls law go faF as soldiers were concerned,
 And MeEAVy, lll a broadcast, aald the demand that nc should NllhdfAw form the gnhernal0Elal race was iineyhsns the most astounding and lln, American proposal that has ever been made to all electorate to Ansrs lean history
 Ile aeellnea s9 withdraw,
The Waterbury Democrat., 1942-10-28
WAR BALLOTS'
 ARE RULED OUT
Atty. Gen. PaIIOtti Claims They Can't Be Used in
 State Election

Hartford, Conn, Oct, 2s.-(UPl Attorney General Francis 4. Pol- lotti ruled today that soldiers using the absentee war ballots" could not vote Tor any candidate for state office on November 3.
 The "waF ballot" he said, rec stFicted the vote to candidates for national office. such as presidential electors and members Of congress,
 The ruling does not affect the use of the regular absentee ballot, hy the state for years past, Pallotl said.
 Furthermore. the attorney gen. eTal ruled. soldiers who were not registered voters, would not be able to cast their ballots Nov, 3.
 So far only about TOO war bale lots" have been returned 10 the secs retary of state, and the total by elec- ton day may not exceed ,O00, They were applied for through command ing officers at camps, both here and abroad.
 In order to vote for state offices, these soldiers would have to 0b- tain the regular absentee ballot The ghortness Of time until election day, however, virtually made lt im- possible in most eases 10 get "a the state vote from far away places,
The Waterbury Democrat., 1942-10-28
SHIP AVENGERS
 OFF FOR WARS

Boston, Oct, aa-luPlwERa by Identical tBlns and 8 pRlg 0f loot ball plageFs, the largest group Of Naval Aviation Gaaels epeT 70 leave AeW England ensTalnad at south station today t0E the start og career ln which they hops io aYenge lhe alFeTall carriers Lexington and Wasp,
 sQnaaF0n leaders of lhe 'TeGlng, 10 AgenaeFsH NeFe Richard and Roland Marshall Al LeAlnglan, The bMAAp AYAnaeFsv leaders were gaTF nlAF Boston College and Chicago heaFs Hnllhaek Ad0lph !, klsaell 0f haAhne, V, H,, and EaNaFa Y, MeE 6nnlgle 0f haslon Rh0 played eens seF 0n 2 HaEgAFd team,
 0giglnallg the group was f0Fn ea Eo arAne the l0ss ef lhe Lexington ln lhe Coral sea, but they were divided Nhen lba loss Dg ibe Waap Nas announced, IhA Cadets Mlll hAeame students al the Navy HFes Nllght TThlnlng School at Chapel llil, h c, LaFgegs previous eF0np numbered co,
The Waterbury Democrat., 1942-10-28
ALLIED BOMBERS
 BLASTING BASES
JaDs Also Active in North. west Australia LllIl in
 Shipping Attacks

daA, MaeAFihnF,s HeaaanaFieFs AnslFella, Oct, ,wtuplwAllled long range h0inheFs arc blasting dapanaee lllYaslQn bases ln the heM lNlnAa area Whlle lana fighting in the onen stanley Mountains Fes mains statle, Gen, Douglas AAes AFthliF aiealosea today,
 nFlst0l neannghleFs crossed the m0unlaln range bY daylight yasleFg day and hlaktea 9apanese iIslallaF fi0ns at Lac, 0n the north kh0Ee ef heN 0ulnea, ha said in e e0mF munlqne, They stfafea beach laFr aels and destroyed three baEgss, One plane was lost,
 me Tala came close AD she heels Of lhe fourth successive aADAnlae nlghE bombing nH paFHin, ED heFlhE NfalegD Australia, Nine dAlaanese homhaFa AAW oyer tAe city shortly hei0Ee aaNn yasleEaaKs hnl NeEe ahle fa eanse nElE HliAaF damAHe aald no eaaualiiel, TheY ran Into allA AnslgallaD AnllEalEeFaft Are, but there wac ne alllad Aiiemps q lnteFeeplloEl,
 TIC lull ln aeglel 0peTatiane aaalnst enemy ahlpplns continued Into lls ihiFa day, F0g ilae ssaella sllNeaaslye hnAe, MaeAFthnF's aailt nemmnnlgns made ne mAntlen ea
 iGanilnnea On paaa el
The Waterbury Democrat., 1942-10-28
BARBARA BENNETT
 PLEA IS DENIED

Bridgeport, Conn, Oct. 2e-fUPl - A decision by Superior Court Judge Edward ', anlnlan today turned down q plea by Barbara Bennett, former Stage and screen star, f0F the custody 0f her glve children nov under the care Of her former husband, Morton D0wney, Nellskn0Nn singer,
 noNneg won custody of the chit dFen ln q divorce judgment Ia June, lats,
 Judge enlnlan's mam0Fandnm said Mlss Bennett permitted volatile tllfatnatlen to ba substituted for mother loge' when she married Ads dls0n sJaekH Randall, a screen e0w. hoy, shortly after she was divorced by DoNney,
 Judge 0uinlan said lhe children would ba exposed to some gisk and danger in the lite and atmosphere Of Hollywood if they waFe taken there.
 The n0wney children now live with ihelF maternal Rranadnlolheg at WalllnsfoTd, near New Haven,
The Waterbury Democrat., 1942-10-28

Nse~ ~e0AN~s@eOs
 The passenger train sheared of the rear of the bus.
 Didn't Have Chance
 Patrolman John Kudlo of the HamtTamck police said "ail the pas 6engers in the back of the bus were killed. They didn't have a chance. They were just crushed, some of them beyond recognition"
 The Wayne County morgue re- ported arrival of probably l3 from the scene and two more who died en route 10 hospitals
 Sgt. William 4. Nowleki, of the HamtFamck police said bodies were ktgewn along the tTacks for two haocks and some Of them were pinned beneath the understandings of the train" He said that school books slEewn in the wreckage in- dicated that some Of the bus pas- EengeEs were school children.
 Children May Be Killed
 NoEiekl said he belieyeL that two kcno0l children were killed.
 William Clos, driver Of the bus escaped injury and was taken to 5iamtFamck police headquarters for questioning.
 The rear half of the bus was thFoWn 10 the left of the tracks at the scene of the collision. The front lAlf of the bus gas eaTTled about 20 feet and hurled against the high wooden fence Of a coal yard.
 Tie undeFcaTTiage and hearlight of the passenger train were dam aged by the impact
 Arthur Curtis, who had stopped his automobile beside the bus while the freight train cleared the eToc-- Ing, described the accaient,
 T saw the bus start up as the aTelght train eleaFea,s he said.
 T caught Q gllmnae of the pas senger train and covered my eyes with ms hands. Then there vas an awgnl crash"
 A little boy came running up tO me crying Take care ol me, mis- ter" l don't know where he came from or whether he was on the bus. ] don't kn0N where he went to- He dlsappeaFed,s
 CuTtlkf ear was struck by the hurting bus but ne escaped in' Jury
The Waterbury Democrat., 1942-10-28
TAX RATE DROP
 SURE IN lS4s
Half Mill Cut May Be Possible Despite
 Appropriations

WateEbury's tax rate will go down again next year despite the extra appropriations needed to give city employees a sizeable pay increase. The Democrat learned at the city hall today. The tax rates cut may be as much as half e mill from the present rate of 3075 mills.
 The board of finance last night completed action on most of the proposed budget appropriations for iefs, leaving only the raise question ana q few necessary adjustments m departmental figures to be settled.
 The actual amount 0f the raise for city workers will depend for the most part on the amount of extra funds that can be figured on for next year, Oflielal sources believe that the surplus on the current gears operations will be e450.O0o Others believe that the surplus will go well beyond the half-mlllion dol- lark marx.
 The board members gre silll un- decided on whether the pay in- cFeaee should be given as a flat sum aF on A pefcentaaa basis, General sentiment first fagoFad a cash raise nf from eiH0 lo e200 a year, with all empl0yes getting the same. Then feeling swung in favor Of q general to per cent raise, AS Of today, board members are back where they staFts ed on the pay raise question,
 There is general agreement that the ones who should benefit most from the raise are those in the loWeT-lneome brackets, On the othv eF hand, policemen and Bremen have demanded an increase Of at least q g day, which would amount to es66 a year,
 The tax rate reduction will M welcomed by landlords and all prop eFly owners, It Wlll mean the achievement Of Q goal that Mayor Vincent 4, senlly had long sought, 2 lower tax rate plus higher pay for city employees,
 T'he=aag increase may be limited hy the finance h0afd to those rec eelYing ss000 a year oF less, the feeling among the commissioners being that those getting over aa 000 have enough Income 70 absorb the hlgheT cost Of living,
The Waterbury Democrat., 1942-10-28
BILLY MITCHEL'S
 SON IS DEAD

Pine Camp, V, Yp Oct, aaw lUPl Lieut., John ', Mitchell, son Of the late Brig Gen, William lisillyl Mitchell, pioneer exponent Of air power, dlaa last night at the station hospital, it was announced today,
 Cause Of death was not revealed by the Army but t was reported that Lieutenant Mitchell, Wh0 was ga years old and enlisted ln the field artillery a year ago, had been suffering from lelkenia, a blood disease ln which white e0Fpnseles excessively,
 Milehell's mother was Nllh him for several days before his death, which occurred at lt.tA D. O, fEWgl, the announcement aald.
 The lieutenant was given blood lFAnsfnsl0na ln an attempt to save his lie, t was EeQ0rted.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1942-10-28
200 Tanks Lead TimO- shenkO's Forces To.
 wards Stalingrad
GERMANS POUR MEN,
 EQUIPMENT INTO FIGHT
Rumanians Try to Recap. ture Village Taken By
 Reds on Saturday
BY HENRY SHAPIRO United Press Staff Correspondentl

lUnitc0 FFess 6taft CorfeSpouuenU
 Moscow, October 28. = (UP) - Marshal Semyon Timoshenko's relief army, ad- vancing with 200 tanks along a broad front northwest of Stalingrad, crashed through another strongly fortified point today and killed 800 more Germans. Pouring masses of men, armored forces and planes into another drive for victory at any price, the Ger mans advanced slightly in two streets of northern stalingrad but lost 1000 men and five tanks.
 Timoshenko's army, driving to the relief of Stalingrad, drove the Ger mans slowly but surely from their trenches and dugouts between the Don and Voiga rivers, front-line dispatches said. Axis defenses in this area were In considerable depth and firmly held and the Germans had about ag many tanks northwest of StalingFad as Timoehenke.
 Bitter Fighting
 Some Of the bitteFest fighting northwest of 5talingrad eentered about . vilalge which the Russians took Saturday, killing 1000 Ger mans and RumaElans and destroy ing 207 of their tanks.
 The Rumanians now are trying to Teeaptnre the village. Four Of thelr eounteF-attaeks failed, and the noon eommuHique reported $50 more Rumanians killed.
 The Germans Tedoubled the vio- lense of their efforts to drive through a workers settlement and factory districts in northern Stalin- grad to the Volga. Tn the last 24 hours, they have left at least 1900 men dead and the wrecks Of I2 tanks on theb lood sodden ap- breaches 10 this area and the small advance reported ln the Soviet noon communlaue was all they had to show for their losses,
 Attacks Rspulsed
 Tn the Stallngrad area, Soviet troops battled large forces ef in- fantFy and tanks and repulsed att taeks," the noon eommnnique said "At the cost of heavy losses, the enemy made some headWay In the area of two streets, According to incomplete data, q German haltal- ion fl.000 mem was wiped out, i've tanks disabled oF burned and 2a and dug0uts destroyed
 "NoFthgest Of stalingFad, the enemy Valnly attempted to recap tuFe an inhabited locality, Up to ak0 Rnmanlans were killed, Anti. aircraft enHneFs shet down six ueFs man planes
 fconllnued on Page O
The Waterbury Democrat., 1942-10-28
WAGES, SALARIES
 ARE NOW FROZEN
War Labor Board, Treas ury Dept. Now Control
 EveryOne's Pay

Washington, October 2s. - (uPl = The War Labor Board and the Treasury Department today took over the gigantic job of controlling the wages and salaries Of virtually all Americans. The Treasury will seek to prevent any salary being higher than s25s000 a year.
 The rules were placed before the public late yesterday by economic stabilization Director James r, Byrnes who said they were so all in- elusive they come damn near getS ting everybody"
 The order reaches the small week ly wages Of the shop girl " by pre- venting further increases except in special eases - as well as the millionaire industFialist - whose net salary after payment of federal taxes and deductions for prior fixed obligations must not exceed s25I0D0, starting January l.
 ByTnes publieiEed the regulations at a press conference. He revealed that.
 Salaries above s500o . year were frozen as Of yesterday with reduc- sl0ns below the highest rate paid between January ] and September lb. i9A2, forbidden as are increases above present levels.
 salires above eS000 . year were prevented from rising, but Fedue- tl0ns were expressly permitted, The stahllzatlon date for those salaries was october 3 when President Roose- welt set up the Office of Economic stablliRation by executive order,
 Empleyes working ln plants with less than eight workers were ex- empted from the order but "unFeag- enable" increases still gill be dis- allowed,
 a
The Waterbury Democrat., 1942-10-28
DAUGHTER. MONEY VANISH

hfew York, Oct, aewlUpl-Ans fh0nV Anlalljlan0'a lBEYaaFrelG aanahiAF, Rose, disappeared Sunday Nllh ay.600, AlnalfllAll0 reported las anY fllaf he expected fo have hls Fl h00 back Ao0tli Rose had lHallpd hla m postcard ln heM k0Fk that sle Ma6 returning the money. hes eallaa i'K didn't illink ! Was lakins 50 nllleh,N M0sa, however, dldn1 aag anVshing about coming back hafaalf
The Waterbury Democrat., 1942-10-28
HOUSING AWARDS TO
 BRIDGEPORT FIRM

heston, October aa, - (uPl - The Federal Public Housing Aus th0Flty announced today tho award Of a sl,T6al000 contract ta the V, and ?, Construction Company Of Bridgeport, Conn, for kn0 neFmA. nent houses in two Bridgeport var housing projects,
 The contract calls for the site inls pf0gAmenEa, utilities and mn electric cal distribution system.
 Work en the contract began yes tagaay.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1942-10-28
SUI Ia LAUNCHED
4ew I0nd0n. nonll,. 0ot. a

hew London, Conn, Oct, 9swlupl
 fIha submarine IanAn Waa launched at the yards Of tho ialee- trio ll0at company laIa yesterday, e was sponsored hy Mrs, jeaaie n, 0ldendofE, wife of Rear AdmlFal OleendaFf, Newport, E. I. KE wna the second submarine 70 he launched heFe within two Weaka.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1942-10-28
U. s. Flyers Attack Naval Forces at Various Scat.
 tered Points
 a FOCAL POINT STILL GUADALCANAL AIRPORT American NOn-C COmbatants Now Taking Part in Bit
 ter Fight
United Press Staff CoRxexponaensl
 BY SAND0R s. KLEIN


 BY sANDoR s. KLEIN
 Washington, October 28. - (UP) - The battle of the Solomons, raging furiously on and around Guadalcanal Island where a Japanese break-through had been turned back, was spread hundreds of miles to the east toward American Pacific communication lines today.
 American flyers attacked strnng Japanese naval forces northeast og Guadalcanal and north of the Eew Hebrides and the Fiji Islands on which the United States have md- vance bases.
 The penetration Of the American lines on Guadalcanni occurred Sun- day night (island tinaeD on the s0uta side of the airfleid. But .. 6. Army troops defending that sector chased the enemy back and ~regainss their positions" Marines defending the western side of the airfield also wera engaged ia heavy Mehfanav mMA tla@ Navy reported that they had scored small gains.
 Wide Area Covered
 Although the focal point e Ehe battle into which Japan had thrown vast numbers of troops, aiVplmnes and warships. is the aarfield on Guadaleanal, the lighting raeed over g wide area at sea which the enemy continued to dominate.
 The last report by the Navy, an q communique last night. allowed that the Americans had sunk kMo Japanese deStroyers and damaged three other warEhipS, including q battleship. Hits also were rep0rfnd on two cruisers and an aircraft car- rier which were damaged an pre- viously announced action.
 No better evidence Of the despar- ate nature of the fighting than the announcement that nonrenmha&mnt units of American naval forces ere in action.
 Two American minesweepers en- gagged three Japanese destEoyeEn near onadaicanal until naval ard Marine aircraft Joined the fray and sank two q the deslSoyerk.
 6eminoie Sunk
 Tn another action on the same day tsuneayl, a Japanese destroyer sank the V, s. g. Seminole, Meet tug. and a small haFb0r patrol boat near Ihlagi The destroyer was badly damaged by shore batteries M1keh scored three hits and Grunman Wildcat" fighters from 6nadaiv canal which ssFafed the ship as C fled.
 Monday morning American hansb- CTS and fighters on Guadalcanal took oa for the third tame in tmo days to attack an enemy kaak kaFen Of cruisers and destFoyers that hae been ID the waters north 0f Florida Island, The American airmeB es0R~ e 6 direct hlt 0n an enemy eFHl6eg. The day before they had lit amA stopped q cruiser, hit enofheT cruiser and left burning and dead to the water & light cruiser.
 The latest development seam@ to be the arrival og Apparently large enemy surface forces northeast nf 0uadalsana1weag from the maseg scene 0f action, There wa6 no nfn. eiai explanation. but t Has n0lnte1 out that from the point where fhoss forces were Intercepted hy ATnar.- can elFnen, tne Japanese could hegs struck ct EaplFitu Hans0. nn AmsEiv san base ln the New Esehrlaaa, es e the FIJI Eeaanas. A snort aaallna distance to the east lie fhe @amnnn Islands. another major Amaghenn base,
 (Continned on Page lD
The Waterbury Democrat., 1942-10-28
Train Cuts Bus
 In Half; School. Children Aboard
At Least % Persons Inured-Bus Pulled Into Path of Passenger Train After Freight Had Cleared Cross.
 ing in Detroit Suburb of Iiamtramck
petroIt, october 2s. - (Ul

Detroit, October 28. - (UP) - Sixteen persons reported killed and at least 26 injured seriously enough to require hospital treatment today when Grand Trunk passenger train demolished heavyoaded Detroit street railway bus The accident occurred at the eastern border of Detroit and suburban Hamtramck Police reported that the bus pulled into the path of the souhbound passenger train after waiting for norhbound freight train to clear
The Waterbury Democrat., 1942-10-28
Nazi Tank Force Is Thrown Back
tofncial Marine Corps Newsreel Photo from NEl
By LEON KAY

Cairo Oct 2-UP-Aied forces making steady through the Axis Qualifications Amen e Field Marshal Erwin Rommes Aka KeFp the heaviest battle of the offensive it announced today.
 
  creating for the big machines