davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1942-03-21
World War ] Bell
Serves as Symbol

An old ships bell which dated
back to World War I and had been
damaged in this war was an appro-
pirate symbol again this year as
members of the Y. c. v. held their
annual reunion in Belfast, Northern
Ireland. The organizations secre-
tary had been killed in an air raid,
all records had been lost and an
advertisement was used to announce
the meeting. but q large crowd at
tended.
Evening star., 1942-03-21
By the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
Either In June or In the fall,
the University of Maryland will be-
gin an institute of foreign affairs
and trade 'to train the specialized
men that will be needed not only
during the war but in the changed
world that will follow the war"
Plans for the institute-patterned
after the Geopolitical Institute of
the University of Berlin where
leaders for occupied countries have
been given broad basic training
were approved yesterday by the uni
versity's board of trustees.
The Maryland institute. how
ever, will be to train men for peace
time jobs in trade and governmental
duties in foreign lands. DR.. H. c.
Byrd, university president. described
it as the first of its kind in the
United States.
Postwar America will be the
Evening star., 1942-03-21
-Four Army Flyers Killed
In Indiana Bomber Crash

b. the Associated Press.
GREENFIELD. Ind. March 21.-
-Four Army flyers were killed near
here last night in the crash and
explosion of two-motor bomber
apparently crippled by engine
trouble.
The victims. the only occupants
of the airplane, were 1t. Paul F.
Hawkins, Ponca City. Okla. pilot;
1t. James P. Van Story, Lincoln
ton, N. c., co-pilot: 1t. Lawrence j.
Rux, Henderson, N c.. navigator.
and Sergt Robert w. Morgan, Un-
iontown, Pa mechanic.
The bomber left Patterson Field,
near Dayton, Ohio, on a routine
operations flight at 4:39 pm. and
was due back at 6:30 It was re-
ported to have circled over Ander-
son and Greenfield. apparently in
distress, before the crash. One wing
was sheared off as it nosed into the
ground and some burning parts
were scattered over a pasture.
Evening star., 1942-03-21
Gov. Dorden Approves
Ten More New Bills
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
RICHMOND, Va, March 21.-The
Hillard- -Crowder Senate bill estab-
fishing the bonds of housing authori-
ties in Virginia as legal investments
was among 10 measures signed by
Gov. Darden yesterday.
Unless otherwise specified, these
enactments Of the Legislature will
not become effective until 80 days
after sine die adjournment March IA.
The group Of bills signed yesterday
brought to 284 the number thus far
approved by the Governor. A total
Of 504 was passed.
The others signed included House
bill 379 permitting fee to be
charged for building permits issued
in Fairfax County.
Evening star., 1942-03-21
Dismissed Policemen
Lose Appeal in Court

Former Police Detective Sergts.
Hubert E. Brodie and Leo Murray
yesterday lost their fight in District
Court to have set aside the findings
of a trial board dismissing them
from the force in 1910:
Justice Matthew F. MCGUIRE dis
missed their petition pointing out
that the District Commissioners had
affirmed the trial boards findings
and that the law provides that the
Commissioners decision shall be
final and conclusive"
Brodie and Murray. veteran ON
GERS, were accused of accepting a
bribe from an alleged bookmaker
ard numbers operator.
Evening star., 1942-03-21
Charge Against Delegate
Unheord; He's in Army

BY the Associated Press.
RICHMOND. Va. March 21.-
City police records show warrant
charging breach of the peace was
sworn out against Delegate Elliott
Campbell of Caroline County by
Police Officer R. w. Townsend the
night of January 21-22. Chief Of
Police E. H. Organ said he was
awaiting a conference with Com
monwealth's Attorney T. Gray Had
don on disposition of the case.
Mr.. Campbell has enlisted in the
Army. The warrant, in which
Officer Townsend charged Mr..
Campbell while intoxicated cursed
and abused" the police officer, had
noted on the back: "Paroled until
adjournment of the 1912 session of
Virginia Legislature.
Evening star., 1942-03-21
OrutoricuI Contest
Won by Mclean Boys
DISPATCH to The Star.

Special Dispatch to The Star.
FAIRFAX, Va, March 21-
Stephen Fentress and Eddie Hobbs,
both of Mclean, took first end Sec
ond place. respectively, in the ora
torical contest sponsored here last
night by Dyer-Gunnell Post OF the
American Legion of Vienna.
Both boys are pupils at Fairfax
High School. The first-place winner
will represent the post at the district
contest to be held at Manassas.
Maurice L. Cooke of Oakton pre-
sided, and judges we're w. Lindsay
Carne of Fairfax, Mrs. Thomas
Hammill of Fairfax Station and Dr..
B. Schultze of Oakton.
Evening star., 1942-03-21
Benjumin T. GouIt Dies;
Famed OrnithoIoqist

BY the Associated Press.
CHICAGO, March 21.-Benjamin
T. Gault, 80, internationally known
ornithologist and naturalist, died
yesterday at his home In suburban
Glen Ellyn.
He was regarded as one Of the
Nations foremost authorities on
bird lore.
Evening star., 1942-03-21
Russian Held in Ankuro
Bomb BIost, Nozis Soy

BY the Associated Press
BERLIN From German Broad
casts, March 2l.-The German ra-
dio said last night in an Ankara
dispatch that Turkish officials in
Istanbul had arrested a former
Soviet press attache and Tass cor
respondent named Morosov in con-
nection with the recent bomb explo-
sion which knocked down Franz Won
Papen, German ambassador to
Turkey.
MoroSov was said to ahve been
stationed formerly at Sofia, Bull
garia, and the Germans reported
other prominent persons" were in
volved.
The Turkish government intends
to publish "a Red Book about the
attempt on the life of the German
ambassador" the broadcast said.
Evening star., 1942-03-21

directly from Gen. Sutherland since
Christmas.
Miss Sutherland, who has been at
tending the Corcoran School of Art
for three years, lived at Holton Arms
School until her mother was COM
PEELED to leave the Philippines In
May and returned here to be with
her daughter.
Gen. Sutherland was stationed
here for five years. most of the time
on the general staff, and left in 1896.
Evening star., 1942-03-21
Spring Officially Here;
Ruin Forecast Toduy

Spring arrived at 2.11 am. today
and you may enjoy it until GIT pm,
June 81.
The mercury stood at 47.4 degrees
here at the seasons advent. During
the day it will rise to the Cos, to the
accompaniment Of rain, according
to the Weather Bureau.
Evening star., 1942-03-21
Howard (. Mcbride Dies

BUFFALO, N. Y, March 81 (P.-
Howard E. Mcbride, travelling agent
for the Minneapolis & st. Paul Rail-
road and widely known in transpor-
tation circles, died yesterday Of
heart disease. Mr.. Mcbride served
IS years with the Great Lakes
Transit Corp.
Evening star., 1942-03-21
Thyssen SteeIworks
Hard Hit by R. A. F.
By the Associated Press.

LONDON, March 21.-The Thyssen
steelworks were bombed by a small
number Of planes during the r. A. F.
raid on the Ruhr Valleys industrial
centers on March 9, the Air Ministry
news service disclosed yesterday.
Large fires were started in the
plant. one of the most important in
the Ruhr Valley.
Evening star., 1942-03-21
Guests to Preach

The Rev. j. Wesley Lofts of Silver
Spring, Md, will preach at II am.
and ]. H. Fox, ministerial student at
George Washington University, will
speak at 7:45 pm. in the absence Of
the Rev. U. S. Knox, at the Falls
Church Columbia Baptist Church.
Evening star., 1942-03-21
Cumberland Man on Shark

CUMBERLAND. Nd, March al
Mr.. and Mrs. John R. Estes have
been notified by the Navy that their
son, Roland Estes, was a member
of the crew of the 1,315-ton SUBJ
marine Shark which the Navy
announced Wednesday must be con-
sidered lost.
Evening star., 1942-03-21
Evelyn P. Jones Will
Probuted at Rockville
sp.cial DISPATCH to The Star.

Special Dispatch to The Star.
ROCKVILLE, Nd, March 21.-
Under the will of Miss Evelyn p
Jones of Brookeville, Md. admitted
to probate here, her sister, Mrs.
Annie Anderson, and her brother,
Harry Jones, each is to receive 81 900
and her nieces, Mildred Jones
Schutrumpf and Evelyn Driver, each
$500. The residue is left to another
brother, William P. Jones, for life
and at his death is to go to Mrs.
Driver.
The value of the estate was not
shown.
Evening star., 1942-03-21

immense multitude The old downtown church
removed 1910 for erection of the Southern Building
cahedrals archbishop the Most Rev. Michael J.
Curey its pastor Msgr Edward L. Buckley who has tended
congregation his ordination 1901 The church
the apostle also Father William Matthews
first native Maryland priest to be ordained and
prominent in 19th-century Washington
Helen Catch Durson has portrayed here the external SIM
Matthew's Inside light entering through trans
windows reveals structural piers and acadeS supporting
impressive vaued ceiling Walls decorated with bright
Italian marbles of varying textures
white altar set with ntarsia CLEANS behind delicate ala
baSter rail,
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1942-10-12
THIS is OUR WAR

Every mother and every father who
has a son in the war enterCains an intense
personal feeling about the conduct of the
war, and community is not really all
OUT about the war until it senses its per-
sonal concern in the war
While the personal feeling can not be
as tense as that felt by parents or wifefor
her husbands safety, yet it can be personal
to that degree where everybody feels that
when he helps to promote the War-effort
he is helping to promote his own in
terestS.
Many Key Westers are now on the fir
ing line, and some of them have relatives
here and all of them have friends. Those
Key West men are fighting to maintain our
mode of living, and it includes friends and
acquaintance as we'll as relatives
In many cases we do not know where
cur boys" are, but, according to an AS
ISOLATED Press Dispatch, we knew Saturday
that one of them, Eugene H. Dobson, par
ticipated in the biggest daylight raid in the
resses ard Liberator bombers, escorted by
500 fighters, laid waste Hitler's industrial
and transport system at Lille in occupied
France.
"This is war; should be changed to
read, "This is our war" 1t is just as much
the war of the men in Key West who are
working on defense projects or conducting
their business, with minor Inconvenience,
as they did before this country entered the
war, as it is the war of the Americans on
the firing line.
The fact is, the boys at the front
make it possible for us to continue our nor
NAL way of living, with reminder now
and then, that it is not as easy now TO OBJ
tain few things as readily as we could OBJ
tain them before the war
Those inconvenience are so incon-
sequential they are not worthy of being
mentioned other than to remind us chat
This is our war" ard that we should ac-
cord it our full measure of adherence TO
every movement on the home front that will
help to win the war.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1942-10-12
81 MAKE WAR"

Sometime ago, W. Randolph Burgess,
chairman of the American Bankers AS
sociatiOn's Economic Policy Commission,
said: "Clemenceau, the great French war
premier had one response when he was
asked to dedicate building or make an
unnecessary speech. His refusal was, 'Je
fails la guerre,' L make war That is what
we are doing"
AS nigh Treasury officials, no less thar
private experts, have pointed out, banking
is making war; with extreme effective
ness. Quietly and with complete efficiency
it has expanded its facilities TO meet enor-
nous financial demands. 1t is serving in
dustres, farmers and individuals with
maximum speed and minimum of red
tape. In every field of financial activity,
it is the ally of the government. 1t is help
ing people to get out of debt-even as it is
helping people to adapt their business 80
necessary war work. -
1t should not be forgotten that money
itself is an instrument of war-and an eS-
sential instrument Our kind of economic
system would slow and stall tomorrow
without the work done by the banks.
Luckily, we have no financial bottle
neck.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1942-10-12
IJ7:!s3Il AMERICAN
= Is America Outgrowing It's
K Traditional Defnocracys
on
As debated BY
DIR. SAXON OPENS: One hundret
DIR. o. Glenn Saxon
Prof. of Economics,
Yale University

DIR. SAXON OPENS: One hundred
fifty years ago, our Founding Fathers,
with an acute knowledge Of man
kinds 5000 years of political expert
mentation, set up government which
they knew would keep men free as
long as the Constitution remained
fundamentally unchanged.
Basically there are only two kinds
of government: either the people con-
troll the government or the govern
ment controls the people. Any other
situation is'merely transition. Which
kind is best depends upon the char
acter of the. people making up the
nation. The people who organized the
United States of America were the
sturdy self-reliant type that did not
want or need paternalistic govern
ment which, in exchange for COM
plete obedience, would promise them
food, clothing and shelter.
If today the Constitution is no
longer the best formula for Ameri-
cas- government it is not because the
Constitution has failed; it is because
Americans no longer have the per-
sonal characteristics necessary for
political and economic freedom. Mr..
Bingham may be right. Maybe the
majority Of Americans today want
constitutional changes that offer illu-
sorry collective security. By voting
away freedom they may get some
color of slavish security. But if they
do, it means that America will 60 the
way of Greece, Rome, and other great
empires. into the limbo of history.
MIR. BINGHAM CHALLENGES:
One hundred fifty years ago a group
of young revolutionists invented
new form of government They made
use of what Hamilton Gagged 30)
termed wholly new discoveries" in
the science of politics" The strength
of the Constitution they wrote lay
not in its reliance on tradition but in
its adaptability to change.
We have moved far since their day
They would not recognize some of
our new discoveries. But they would
expect their descendants to make
useful alterations suggested by ex-
perience" (The Federalist).
DR.. Saxon need not despair of our
generation. Millions of self-reliant
Americans are sharing new tasks to-
day.
DIR. SAXON REPLIES: The Con-
stitution is adaptable to change -
through amendment. But present-day
reformers consider constitutional
amendments and due process of law
too old fashioned largely because
they fear their reforms could not
stand the test of public opinion).
We haze moved far since their
day" Since 1892 we have moved
/ steadily away from representative
government. toward that excess of
democracy" demagoguery. against
which the Constitutional Convention
warned the nation.
Let's remember Benjamin Frank
Inns answer to a friend, inQuiring as
to the kind of government estab-
lished by the Constitution: IA repub-
| lie, sir, if you can keep it sol" and as
we value liberty, we must keep it so"
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1942-10-12
THE KEY WEST CITIZEN

WILL always seek the truth and print 1t
without fear and without favor; never be
afraid to attack wrong or to applaud right;
always fight for progress; never be the Or
gan or the mouthpiece of any person, clique.
faction or class; always do its utmost for the
injustice denounce vice and praise virtue
commend good done by Individual or organ
ization; tolerant of others rights, views and
and not contaminate the reader; never COM
promise with principle
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1942-10-12

Descriptions and dislocations have
been. going on and more will come, SO we
might as we'll get ready to adjust ourselves
and. prepare for them. So far we have had
only discomforts like rationing, the hard
ships will come later. The first unpleasant
ess IS income tax payments which will af-
feet all who make as little as SIP weekly.
Har7ships will follow but they will never
be as great as those our allies must undergo.
but a good dose would 40 us some good. We
are still soft and complacent.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1942-10-12
MR.. BINGHAM OPENS: Congress
Alfred Nj. Bingham
AufhOr: Nero Techniques
800 of Democracy

MR.. BINGHAM OPENS: Congress
is in low repute. Few of the politi-
clans we vote for command our deep
est loyalty. Constitutional liberties
failed to prevent a disastrous depres-
sion and a catastrophe war. The die
tators say democracy is obsolete and
so far they have won most of the
battles Are they right?
The traditional forms of democracy
were developed TO meet the problems
of the 18th century. Some of them fit
the modern world as boys short
pants fit man. If we depended only
on legislative debate and electioneer-
ing to fight dictatorship we should
lose.
Fortunately, democracy is way o:
life, and like life it IS subject to
growth and change. America has been
developing new democratic forms and
itechniques.
Even before the war these new de-
vices were giving people new free
doms. Labor unions were giving
workers new opportunities for self
expression. Millions of farmers were
participating in the administration
of agricultural planning and controls.
Public housing was giving more chill
siren real chance to grow UP.
Now the war is bringing vast num-
bers of citizens the opportunity to
share in a common effort as never
before. 90 20
We are building a new democ-
racy on the sound foundation of
the past.
DR.. SAXON CHALLENGES: Mr..
Binghan's position sums up as fol-
lows: Democracy" must expand
through compulsory labor unions,
collective farming and publicly sub
sidized housing. He fails to mention
that this involves taking away the
individual citizens constitutionally-
guaranteed freedom of economic
choice and establishing complete gov
eminent control over the means of
production. This is not building a
new democracy" It is nothing but
clumsily camoufaged totalitarianism
based on the pretext of good" con-
trolls for the good" of the people.
But there is no halfway house on th ,
road to totalitarianism Once the gov
eminent starts taking over" it must,
of necessity, 60 the whole way.
MR.. BINGHAM REPLIES: The best
refutation of DR.. Saxon is America
today. The government is doing more
than ever before under the demands
of Total War but because we are not
afraid of inventing new methods OF
popular participation as we go along
we actually have more democracy
rather than less.
Ask the Air Raid Wardens and Rs-
tioning Board. Ask the members OF
Labor Management Committees In
the factories. Ask the Home Gamers
and Volunteers, and Nurses Aides
and millions of others if what they
are doing is on the road to Totali-
tarianism.
Democracy means free men work
ing together. There is no limit to
what it can accomplish.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1942-10-12
NEW BASES TO GUARD PANAMA

The giant turtles on the Galapagos Is
lands may not understand what is taking
place but the United States has established
bases there for the protection of the Panama
Canal, with the consent of the EcuadOrean
government.
The islands occupy AN important stra-
tegic position, commanding the Pacific APP
proaches to Panama and have been recog-
nized for years as sites for potential Aaya
and air bases. About eleven hundred
miles southwest of the Canal and eight hun
dred miles from Ecuador, the new bases
will greatly strengthen the defenses of the
Canal
The fact that the government of Ecua-
dor has agreed to the establishment of
naval bases on the islands is another demon
stration of the solidarity of the American
nations. Certainly, the United States is
strong enough to take the islands by force,
if necessary, but it is much better to secure
their use as result of the friendship which
exists between the two nations involved.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1942-10-12

The termination of 100000
small retail and wholesale estab-
lishments, means, on the average,
100 per county in the United
States. Of course, this average
figure cannot apply to all coun-
ties and there may be exception
al instances where small bust
nesses may manage TO survive
the war without disastrous re-
suits.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1942-10-12

steady draft of manpower for
military and industrial needs. the
proposed ALLEGATION of manpower
TO essential uses and the collapse
of usual business opportunities
mean the beginning of new
epoch in our economic life. Many
individuals now gainfully en-
ployed and working r them
selves will BE- compelled TO seek
new sources of incomes as trade
witherS and declines.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1942-10-12
1941, the month before Pearl Har.
Dor, rose to 357 in August.

Mr.. Nelson, while warning that
we must do a better job, says
that ''our 1912 war production eff
fort promises to exceed by q
considerable margin that of Axis
Europe. Studies indicate that
our rate of production already
has caught up with and passed
that of Axis Europe, although
the Axis had the benefit of a big
head-start".
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1942-10-12
ALASKAN HIGHWAY
READY IN DECEMBER

Announcement that the high
way to Alaska viii be open for
traffic around December l is
gratifying because of the mill
tary emergency that demands a
route for the transport of men and
material to Alaska.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1942-10-12

The impact of such wholesale
liquidation of small business
houses will be tremendous, af-
fecting the entire economy of
the nation and presenting real
problems to the business men
and employees concerned. Natur-
ally. consumers will be affected
and great sales organizations
will become unnecessary when
retail outlets are Snuffed out.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1942-10-12
ECONOMIC DISASTER
FOR SMALL. BUSINESS
MS STOCKS EXPIRE

Many Americans will be amaZ-
ed at the estimates of Govern
ment economists that BOG, 900 re-
tail stores can be expected to
close by the end of 1913, because
they will have difficulty in re-
placing depleted stocks of salable
goods.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1942-10-12

Rationing may be used to check ex-
cess purchasing power, as we'll as to protect
our supplies of scarce commodities Many
ecolaemists seem to think that it is necessary
as a1Sart, Of the anti-inflation campaign.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1942-10-12

The thumbnail outline of STRAIT
egg in the Far East seems to- be
the only campaign plan available
for the United States. Japan, an
island empire, has seized many
surrounding islands and japanese
officials boast of them as ''un-
sinkable aircraft carriers" The
japanese, it appears, are counting
strongly upon this ring of defen-
sive stations to guard their home
islands from direct assault.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1942-10-12

Some oldsters are winding up on bor-
rOWed time and some youngsters are start
ing out en- borrowed money. Always a
struggle for existence.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1942-10-12

In Olden times an adulteress used 70
be stoned for punishment, but nowadays
her punishment is plenty of kisses from her
good husband. No more feelings
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1942-10-12

The total value of munitions
produced in August was S4,700,-
OOO. 900. For 1912, the output is
expected to go beyond the $45.-
OO0, 600, 900 mark. The munitions
index, set at 100 for November,
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1942-10-12

in the manufacture of civilian
goods, and, during the war, have
no opportunity to deal in war
material.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1942-10-12

The person who does not attend to his
duties promptly eventually has few duties
10 perform, ard that just about suits some
Iolks who like tt follow the line of least re-
Instance
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1942-10-12

Nine Chang Kai-shek says that China
covets no land. There is no virtue in that.
One thing the Celestial Empire does not
need is land; she has plenty of lebersraum