davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Waterbury Democrat., 1942-12-28
e SERIAL STORY ! FRANTIC FESTIVAL
coPvNl0hr. teAa. NRA SERVICE, INC,

1 See that, walt until they get taeiy eyes on that tree, That's the best ono 1 seen yet. And Beanoll make 0 swell santa, Great guy, Bcanol Ho looked at her face btu it regis. tered nothing that he could read.
 Say, I know 0 swell act, If we fixed you Up as Queen Of the May, no, that's not Christmas, Queen Of the Fairies then, with al nog nlghtdreSs and stick with a star on it boy, you'd look swell, Pity to hide them legs though. Say that's peach Of q leg you got there, look at that line" He stroked the line with his second finger aelicntely with the other fingers and thumb spread up. wards. A delicate tinge of scoin crossed Leona's lovely features, Beano had done the same thing but he had not called 1t such . common thing as Q linc.
 That's my facies medlalls to. brae," she said, ..s A
 You don't sayl" said Benny Now ain't that cute, In show business Q legs \ leg same as in English, but have 1t your own way. You know with Q leg like that and q pan like yours you could 90 places, Ever thought of going places2'
 Leona was on her guard one had to be careful of going places.
 Benny continued. You know, if you wanted to come to New York could get you in Q line Just like that"
 He meant . chorus line, and he was trying to play on Leona's vanity, But Heano had got there first with . few more diamonds. She had half of them by now, and Benny's suggestion, of . line was very thin, and she was not sure what he meant. 1#
 Nice guy, Beano." said Benny, Like to get In Q chorus9"
 Leona shook her lovely head and the mass of blue black hair rippled with reflected lights.
 Better than being up in this country where its oil snow and ice"
 His eyes watched hcr and caught flicker of warmth in them at the mention of ice. That was all he wanted to know. He slapped her leg affectionately.
 Well, let me know if you're in. terestsd." "
 My father. he say no." mur- niured Leona with q; faint smile that Benny. didn't like at all. Some people who looked dumb weren't so dumb as they looked. ss..
 Tt ain't your old man that I'm worried about" said Benny. He returned to the Christmas, tree but he was watching for Beano's re- turn. Maybe he could slip out and catch him by himself. 'lN VIZ
 Meanwhile the, telephone rang and Ferdy called to Myra to ans wer 1t. tF iJ5 a nr
 Myra took up the receiver ard then her face registered - several varying expressions as she lis- tened. '''lf'N t"
 NO" she said. NO. No one of that name here.'
 Then she replaced the receiver.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1942-12-28

wrong number she announced But She doubted 1t. There was a McCiuskey here and the voice at the other end had sounded like trouble in big way, but if she had lied she felt 1t was in the cause cs peace and goodwill. What happened later was none of her concern.
 s,s. (To Be Continued)
The Northwest enterprise. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1931-1952, 1942-09-11
4 Hurt In Riot

INDIANAPOLIS Twenty-Five
police quelled riot punctuated
by shooting, after five men includ-
ing two vice squad officers, were
injured early today in a downtown
Negro district.
Carrying out assignments in a
current statewide vice cleanup
Plainclothes Officers Charles Cav
ender and Casper Kleifgen were
beaten severely. Both are in criti-
cal condition. Lavender was found
lying outside a tavern inert, his
clothing ripped off and so serious
ly injured fellow officers at first
failed to recognize him.
Two men, identified by police as
Negroes, were struck by random
bullets. The fight occurred after
the two vice squadmen made ar
rests in the tavern. Cavender's gun
had been taken from him, and po-
lice wrested it from another Negro
as he stood holding it over George
Shook, "a years old, lying uncon-
scious from a blow on the head.
Police Inspector Herman Rede-
macher led rs officers to aid the
two officers after the riot call.
The Northwest enterprise. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1931-1952, 1942-09-11
Glover Leaf Art Club

The Clover Leaf Art Club re-
sumed its regular meetings after
a two-months vacation, at the
home of Mrs. Ella Kellum 1941
So. st. last Tuesday eve. The
most interesting feature of this
meeting was the report of the an
nual convention ow the State Fed
GRAFTON held at Yakima, July 10,
II, IL, by the delegate and presi-
dent, Mrs. Asberry. At this An
nual the Tacoma delegates extend
ed an invitation to the Federation
to hold its 1943 session in Tacoma
which was accepted. During tn
course of procedure of the CHA
club discussion arose over the
recent setup of a Colored USO in
Tacoma. This Jim Crow USO was
unanimously condemned as unde-
mocratic, unamerican and unchris-
tian, tending to retard the objec-
tive of the present world war,
which is a fight for democracy.
Mrs. N. J. Asberry attended the
annual meeting at Yakima Aug.
20 of the Washington State Re-
publican Central Committee of
which she is vice-chairman.
The Northwest enterprise. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1931-1952, 1942-09-11
Bethel Welcomes
Rev. and Mrs. Allen

A hearty welcome greeted Rev.
and Mrs. Allen last Sunday upon
their return to Bethel for another
year. Beautiful flowers adorned
the rostrum including large
basket of red and white gladiolus,
accompanied by a testimonial let
ter, was a gift from Miss Vyolette
Hooker, brothers and sister, and
expression of gratitude to pastor
and church for prayers and kind
ness shown her sister, Gwendolyn
who is still confined in Good Sam
aritan Hospital. Pastor Allen de-
livered a forceful message Sunday
morning choosing as subject
What do you believe" His even
ing message was mo time for re-
treat" Blanche Graves, president
Of the A. C. E. League babe good
bye to the league for this year as
she departs for Bennett College.
Visitors for tine day were Rev. E.
H. Vincent, Mrs. Gladys Davis,
Mrs. E. 2. T. Vernon, and Mr..
Warren Kimbrough.
The Northwest enterprise. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1931-1952, 1942-09-11
Tacoma, Wash.
Mrs. Wendell Stafford

Mr.. Ray Gibson and son and
daughter, Bob and Jacqueline have
returned from a vacation trip to
Yellowstone National Park. They
also visited friends in Spokane,
Washington and Helena, Montana.
Mrs. William Monroe has as her
house guests, her mother and sis
ter of Vancouver, British Column
bia.
Miss Barbara Chew has re-
turned from Seattle, where she
was the weekend guest of Miss
Priscilla Proctor.
Tacomans glimpsed at the Pu-
get Sound Conference of the At
rican Methodist Episcopal Church
which convened recently in Spo-
kane included: Reverend D. c. Ste
phenson and Mrs. Stephenson, Mrs.
Laurel S. Covington, Mrs. Druetta
McCabe, and the Misses Betty
Rucker, Betty Anne Stafford, and
Winifred Morris. Tacoma is happy
to welcome back for another year
the Reverend and Mrs. d. c. Ste
phenson.
Mrs. e. E. Elmorc has recently
returned home after three month
vacation in the middle west and
south. Mrs. Elmore visited rela-
tives and friends in Fort Scott,
Pittsburgh and Kansas City, Kan
sas; Louisville, Kentucky; Cincin-
natl, Ohio; Kansas City, Mo-; and
Chicago Illinois. While away, she
was the recipient of many favors
from old friends and school mates.
Mrs. Elmore is a graduate of Fiske
University, and member of the
Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority.
Reverend and Mrs. Browning c.
Allen of Portland, Oregon, were
guests in the city last week, stop
ping over for a few hours on their
way home from the Puget Sound
Conference in Spokane. e
Junior and senior hostesses
dropped in to the new U.S.O. Unit
No. 2 located at 715 Commerce
Street on Saturday evening to
help entertain the soldiers. While
the unit was not formally ded-
icated until Friday evening, Sep
TENDER 4, interior decorations are
practically complete, and the CEN
ter is open to the public.
The Northwest enterprise. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1931-1952, 1942-09-11
Have You a Lost Or
Lapsed Insurance
Policy?

THE NATIONAL INSURANCE
RESEARCH COUNCIL, 1927
SMITH TOWER, SEATTLE, has
performed many useful services
for persons who have lapsed or
lost life insurance in their families.
The service consists of investiga-
ton of policies, which have been
dropped, to determine values in
them. Whether or not the insured
person is living or has passed on
makes n Difference in their eff
fort. In case there are no values
found to exist in the policies all
papers are returned with no
charge. In case values are deter
mined to be in the policies a rea-
sonable charg Is made for the
service.
Insurance has been obtained by
the interested persons on insured
individuals long disappeared and
in policies long lost.
Over a period of several years
several thousand lapsed policy
holders have been benefited by
reliable servic by this concern.
The Northwest enterprise. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1931-1952, 1942-09-11
Here's More About
doc" Hamilton

Continued from Page One)
for all that had come to him in
Seattle. It took all that came my
way, to make man of me, I have
no regrets for what has happened
so far in my life, I have accom-
plished my greatest aim in life, to
be of service to my fellowman, and
always assist those who were less
fortunate than myself. The bitter
and sweets of life should make us
better people. That is my greatest
consolation at this time.
Thus Doc Hamilton answered
my urgent request, and continued
to smile. I then began to think
how I had learned in the hardest
way, all that glitters is not gold,
and that every ones name on a
church roll was not Christian.
Practical Christianity as demon
strated in the life of John Henry
Hamilton is the one thing most
needed on this earth today. He did
not claim to be a Christian, but
lived the practical Christian life.
And after all that is all our Crea-
tor asks or requires of us. The
close of such life doubles my de-
termination to be more practic-
able in my duties to all mankind.
That in my darkest hours, in the
future as in the past, my great
est consolation will be, I have been
a friend to man, and like Doc Ha-
milton be able to smile through
sunshine and rain, but greatest of
all will be those welcome words
from the master of earth and
skies: "Well done, thou good and
faithful servant" Yes Doc, Ham,
ilton will be missed in Seattle.
The Northwest enterprise. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1931-1952, 1942-09-11
EVERETT NEWS
BY Mrs. VIM. A. Harris


Mrs. Erskine Solomon, Jr., and
young son Harvey, left to visit her
home in Missouri on Monday. This
is her first visit home since she
came here over four years ago and
she plans to be gone about two
months.
Mr.. w. w. Simmons of Bremen
ton was the guest of Mr.. and Mrs.
E. E. Wilson last week. While
here Mr.. Simmons spent much of
his time fishing.
Mrs. Ira Stewart entertained at
bridge last Tuesday evening in no.
nor of Mrs. Mamie Cooper of New
York City and Mrs. Adeline Flem-
ing formerly of Omaha, Nebraska.
Mrs. Stewart is also a former re-
sident of Omaha. Three tables
were in play and a pleasant even
ing was enjoyed by all.
Mr.. Alvin Gullerie from Arizona
was the guest of his friends. Mr..
and Mrs. Joseph Reado, also for
merly of Arizona, on last Sunday.
They spent the evening recount
ing mutual experiences in "old
Arizona"
Mr.. and Mrs. Andrew Jenkins,
their daughter Gloria, and Mrs.
Jenkins, mother of Mr.. Jenkins
were the guests of Mrs. Elise Har-
ris last Sunday.
The Northwest enterprise. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1931-1952, 1942-09-11
Portland Churches
Bethel A. M. e.
McMiIlen and L.arabee
Rax, N n Ano- D..&c-

Sunday, Sept was observed
as Labor Sunday, Pastor Aliens
A. M. subject 1.-THE Task of the
Church" included the following
excerpts: The Church and labor
are closely allied in fact, INSOFAR
able for verify 1--WE are laborers
together with God" The field is
the world, as it pertains to organ
ization. The church and labor
should be united in one grand aim,
the betterment of humanity, spi-
ritually and economically. Let the
Golden Rule be emphasized in all
our relationships that justice and
fair play may be evident in daily
practice. There was one accession
to the Church Holy Communion.
Pastor assisted by Rev. Vincent
and Rev. D. Summerville, visitors.
Other visitors, Messrs. Frank
Moothait F. G.. Travis, and George
Mills. A. c. E. League nicely at
tended at 6:45 pm. interesting dis
cussion. Pastors evening subject
was '"The Forward Look" Meet
ings this week include Church
Conference Tuesday 8:15 pm. Mis-
sionary Society, Thursday, 2:30
p. m.
The Northwest enterprise. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1931-1952, 1942-09-11
Tenants 10 Commandments
From Chicago Tribune


Now that rules have been set for
landlords by rent control author
tiles, how about a fer for the ten
ants? I suggest:
1. Be prompt with the rent, not
two or three days in arrears.
2. Don't lay burning cigarettes
on the window sill.
3. Don't have a houseful of
boarders.
4. Don't let your child shoot a
bow and arrow in the door or roll
Ter skate on the back porch.
S. Don tmake a neighborhood
playground out of the back yard.
6. Turn the light off in the ga
rage when leaving.
7. Play your radio for yourself.
8. Have one day set for your
laundry and. clean up afterward.
8. Respect your landlords flower
garden.
10. Don't let your dog scratch
the doors and window stills.
LANDLORD
The Northwest enterprise. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1931-1952, 1942-09-11
Regional NAACP
Annual Conference

In response to an intensive eff
fort on the part of F. A. Stokes
organizer and president of the
Northwest Regianol N.A.A.CP.
and others concerned an apprecia-
tive delegation attended the End
Annual conference of the N. w.
Regional which was held in Spo-
kane Wn., the evening of August
% at the Calvary Baptist Church.
Branches represented: Seattle,
Tacoma, Portland and Spokane.
Very splendid and encouraging re-
ports and detectives were given by
delegates or representatives of
the various branches namely Seat
tie, Mrs. Mildred Staten; Tacoma
by the president Rev. d. C. Ste
phenson; Portland, Mrs. Mary M.
Duncan; Spokane, Rev. E. B. Reed,
Local President; Mr.. John Woods
spoke encouragingly of prospects
of a Branch N.A.A.C.P. in Yal1i-
ma, Wn. By consent of the Re-
gional Mr.. Woods will proceed to
organize Yakima citizens into a
branch of the work. The confer
ence was honored to have DR.. j.
Russell Brown, Dean of the Bishop
Williams School of Religion at
Western University, who brought
greetings and briefly addressed
the delegation on the Value of Or
ganization. Mrs. Nellie e. Hols-
claw. prominent in civic and re-
ligious activities of Spokane, also
identified with the school system
of Oklahoma, gave an inspirational
talk on her observation of branch
es of the work elsewhere. An ar
dent appeal by President Stokes,
went out to each branch that they
put forth a concerted effort to or
ganize Womens' Auxiliaries and
Youth Councils.
Further recommendations will
be run later. All members present
were optimistic as to the future
success of the Regional. The next
annual conference date is to be
announced.
The Northwest enterprise. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1931-1952, 1942-09-11
SOCIAL NOTES

It's grand to have birthdays,
especially when you can be so TO-
yally entertained. Such was the
good fortune for Mrs. Effie Lee
and Mrs. Francis McSwain whose
birthday observances, Meslames
Lillian Graves, Ethel Thompson,
and Viola johnson gave a formal
party August 7th at the home of
Mrs. McSwain. Pastel shades of
flowing chiffon and crisp organdy
We'd with pink glads used profuse-
ly about the rooms. The birthday
cakes bore the inscription, Fran
els and Effie.
Mrs. Beatrice Reed is one of
the very few race women who took
time out to take a civil service
examination for nurse assistant
ward attendant. Mrs. Reed began
the course in April. She passed the
examination in August and stood
the test. She is now eligible for
nurse assistant.
Mr.. S. Scruggs and Miss Daisy
Smith were united in marriage at
a quiet ceremony the past week.
Rev. ]. F. Smith, pastor of A.M.E.
Zion Church read the marriage
lines.
Mrs. Naomi Daniels left Monday
night for Monterey, Calf, where
she will visit Mrs. L. Vaughn and
Lille Lee young daughter of Mrs.
Effie Lee who spent the summer
in Monterey. Mrs. Daniels and
Lille will return some time in
September.
Miss Gwendolyn Hooker is much
improved was the latest report
from Good Samaritan Hospital
where for two weeks she was cri-
tically i'll.
The Northwest enterprise. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1931-1952, 1942-09-11

cal made history upon this their
9th mile stone. A resume given
by Mr.. Sterling Williams District
chairman for 8 years. The concert
program opened with a piano solo
The Star Spangled Banner, play
ed by Miss Florence Cantrell who
was accompanist during the pro-
gram. The Rose City Four sang
the Lords Prayer, Mr.. Shelton
Hill master of ceremonies gave a
talk on the egro in industry aug
menting this talk were musical
and literary numbers including a
monologue byp Miss Blanche
Graves, a group of readings by
Miss Josephine Dancey and Mr..
Stanton RDuke, Rev. B. C. Allen
offered a fervent prayer for de-
parted members of the local. Mr..
Loney w. Wilson the whistling
soloist rendered a "Sweet Mystery
of Life" and when Day is Done"
A duet, Waiting for Jesus" by
Messrs. Baldwin and Cox, followed
by solo. Mr.. Cox sang Pm going
to live the life I sing about in my
song. Mr.. John Baker paid a tri-
butte to Mr.. Sterling Williams,
chairman to the loyal members,
the ladies auxiliary and to Mr..
Stanton Duke for his untiring eff
forts in the promotion of the wv"
contest and birthday concert. Rose
City "A" gave the closing number,
If could hear my mother pray
again. Miss Blanche Groves won
the prize birthday cake.
The Northwest enterprise. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1931-1952, 1942-09-11
What Well Dressed
Hep Cats Will Wear
By ID. M. j.


On October 18th every Hep Cat
will answer the call to attend the
dance given by Count Basic at the
Civic Auditorium to swing and
sway in Foot suit while the cho-
rus beat out sweet in Boogie Woo
gle.
In a quick encore for late COM
ers, the zoot suit has a long tailed
coat that tapers away to display
the gay dog chain usually worn
by the cats. The shoulders over
hang 3 inches at least, for the eff
feet, and to leave room inside for
the coat hanger, which a WPB
expert" says most bugs wear to
the ball.
The pants have a knee stretch
and an ankle squeeze and rise so
high you can don tie and leave
your shirt in the laundry. The
trousers pleated, knees baggy and
their cuffs tight enough to cut off
circulation.
Of course you don't have to
wear a zoot suit to have a good
time most anything will do to
swing and sway to Count Basie's
hot Boogie woogie rhythms Oct.
18th at the Civic Auditorium.
Come early and try to get in.
The Northwest enterprise. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1931-1952, 1942-09-11
PORTLAND NEWS
22l6 ). Z. 9th Phone East 79l1
Mary NJ. Duncan, Editor
Miss Bertha Butler Wins Queenly Honors
At Local No. 465 P. O. D. G.. W. Walters Dance

Charming Miss Bertha Butler
was winner of the "VV" contest
and titled Queen of Victory" Mon
day evening at Bethel A.M.E.
Church when Local No. 465 protec-
tive Order of Dining Car Walters
presented birthday concert and
wv" contest. Miss Butler was
awarded $25 defense bond for
selling the greatest number of
wv" pins and tickets. The winner
was sponsored by the sugar Hill
Dinette. Other contestants were
Ruth Cox, sponsored by the Rose
City Ladies' Auxiliary, and jan
cite Stewart sponsored by the
Cozy Inn.
The occasion was one of unsur-
passed entertainment as the Lo-
The Northwest enterprise. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1931-1952, 1942-09-11
Mrs. Blanche Brown
Demonstrates

Mrs. Blanche Brown was hostess
to group of ladies last Sunday
at her home for an exhibit anc
demonstration of the famous Guar.
dian cooking utensils. This new
ware, modern and convenient, moi
only saves time and fuel, but does
the important thing saves vita.
minis as was proven by the demon.
strators Mr.. and Mrs. Mcclure
The Ladies and three men
watched with interest the compile
ton of a full two course dinner
including a luscious spice cake
baked on top of the stove, all
done in the exhibited ware. The
group then were invited to a well
appointed table where they par
took of the delicious well-cooked
food-roast, potatoes, carrots, cab
bage, unbleached rice, spice cake,
and coffee.
Mr.. and Mrs. w. A. Nicely in N.
e. Sumner had as their house
guest the past week Mr.. c. w.
Haselrig of White Plains, N. Y.
To honor the distinguished visi-
tor, Mrs. Elizabeth Payne and
Mrs. Alma King entertained at an
elaborate party at the Brices'
country home. Other than the Nee
legs and honored guests the list
included Mr.. and Mrs. w. Kirby,
Mr.. and Mrs. Edw. Smith, Mr.. and
Mrs. S. D. Porter. Mr.. Haselrig
departed the weekend with pleas
ant memories of Portland.
Visiting in the city this week is
Mrs. Gladys Davis of Kansas City,
Kansas house guest of Mr.. and
Mrs. w. e. Davis.
Rev. Harold E. Wilson, return
ing from trip to Los Angeles,
San Francisco, en- route to Van
couver, Be, where he pastors,
paused for brief visit with Rev.
B. C. Allen and family Monday.
He left Tuesday morning.
AS the vacation season wanes,
and Labor Day comes and goes,
we soon see off to college and uni
versities, girls and boys. A num-
Der will not be privileged to enter
college, instead into the service
of the U.S.A. The grade and high
schools will beckon thousands. In
the midst of it all civic and reli-
gious group will begin a season
of activities. Clubs and various
organizations will hold their first
fall meets beginning in September.
The first of these the Rosebud
Study club meet Wednesday with
]. N. Cantrel in S. E. Tibbitts.
Election of officers for the club
year is the main item of business.
The local N.A.A.C.P. resumes
its monthly meetings Sunday,
Sept. 20, 5 pm. at Williams Ave.
Branch Y.W.C.A.
The Rev. il. Glow was prin-
ciple speaker Tuesday noon for the
Mt. Tabor Presbyterian Women's
group in their first fall meeting
A large number listened to the
speaker on the subject: "Segrega-
ton, American Style, an Impede
ment to Brotherhood.
The Northwest enterprise. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1931-1952, 1942-09-11
Do You Know

That: Only one-third of the peo-
pie of the world use a knife and
fork when eating? The remainder
are divided equally between fin
gers and chopstick users.
That: The first machine gum
was used by the American armies
in 1S60-it consisted of a score or
more separate gun barrels mount
ed on a carriage.
That-The Katydid has a
scraper on one of its front wings
On the other wing it has a file.
1t rubs the file over the scraper
and makes the song we hear on
summer nights.
The Northwest enterprise. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1931-1952, 1942-09-11

There are opportunities for the
representatives to be appointed Ell
thr part time work or full time
among the readers of the North
west Enterprise.
This Is worth writing about If
you are interested in helpful, re-
numerative work and have time
available. The work is suitable for
either women or men. Honest,
energetic, reliable persons of good
approach are eligible.
The Northwest enterprise. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1931-1952, 1942-09-11
Shilo Baptist
N. II. 76th

Rev. r. 4. Donaldson, Pastor
Order of service: SIS. 10 a. M;
Preaching, IL am. and 8 pm;
Prayer meeting each Wednesday
Z PM; The services and rally eff
fort last Sunday was very profit
able. Rev. Donaldson and family
will return this month from an ex-
tensive trip and vacation.
The Northwest enterprise. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1931-1952, 1942-09-11
REMEMBER 1776

Are boys of 18 old enough for
war? Well, President Monroe had
become a major by the time he
was 10, for the Revolutionary War
was fought by young men.-Taco-
ma NeWs-Tribune.
The Northwest enterprise. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1931-1952, 1942-09-11

Many Christians in India
use the salutation "Jesu Marian"
(praised be Jesus) in greeting
one another?
The Northwest enterprise. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1931-1952, 1942-09-11

Lapsed or lost life insur-
ance policies investigated
for values covering either
living or deceased persons.
Charge only on recovery.
Send policies to or write
Northwest Enterprise In
surance Research Council,
1927 Smith Tower, Seattle,
Washington.
Rev. Judson Swancy,
2107 e. James Street, Cap
itol $3.50, is a Seattle rep
resentative. Agents want
ed.
The Northwest enterprise. [volume] (Seattle, Wash.) 1931-1952, 1942-09-11

FOR SALE-Partially modern
4-room house 319, N. E. 18th
Pva deStreet near car line. Fur
Their information call Blackburn
Tr. 1857.