davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1942-06-02

So many requests have been
made for copies Of my article on
details concerned with training
camps behavior Of visitors and
presents for The mem, that 1
have had it printed as q leafiet
and will be very glad to send it to
any one who sends me a self
addressed Scent stamped en-
veIope In care Of The Evening
Star.
Evening star., 1942-12-16

regimes IN the future.
There are, Of course, the blue
prints drafted by postwar plan
ners which exist in the files Of
q number Of departments in
Washington. But they are to
be kept for the time when the
Axis is defeated, an armistice
has been agreed on and we
tackle the complicated business
Of Strengthening out the prob
lens Of the Allies. their enemies
and the remaining neutral
peoples.
But as far as the immediate
future is concerned, there ap-
pears to be little foundation to
the reports that the Turks and
the Russians have ironed out all
their dificulties.
1t is true, according to word
received recently from Ankara,
that relations have undergone a
change for the better, and It is
probable that Ambassador Lau-
renee Steinhardt, who represented
the United States at Moscow be-
fore being transferred to Ankara,
played an important though un-
obtrusive role in the improve
ment.
Turkey and the countries of
the Middle East continue to be
a hotbed OF suspicion and in
trigue.
Until the summer Of 1941, when
Hitler attacked Russia and the
Soviets became our allies, the
Turkish government was con-
fronted with q difncult problem.
Moscow Parley Recalled.
1t is recalled that in the fall
OF 1899 the Turkish Foreign Min
lister, Sukru Saracoglue, who is
now Premier, went to Moscow to
discuss a non-aggression and
permanent friendship pact with
Russian officials. Representa-
tives Of the Baltic states and Fin
land were there, too. They were
presented with a definite agree
ment for their signature, and
the Films made certain objec-
tions which resulted in the
Russo-Finnish War.
The Turkish Foreign Minister
had number of preliminary
talks with Soviet Undersecre-
tary Potemkin and refused to
consider the agreement. It pro-
vided. among other things, the
sending Of Russian force to
strengthen the Turkish garrison
at Chanack at the entrance of
the Dardanelles to defend that
Evening star., 1942-12-16
The Great Game Of Politics
President Declared Overlooking Focts
In Defense Of Swollen U. S. PoyroIIs

the governmental agencies are over
manned.
For example, he completely ie-
nores the fact that while in the last
war President Wilson had a staff of
48 In the executive ONCE with a
payroll Of $l64,52o a year, there are
now on the executive stan 906 per-
sons annually paid $2,s9e, ,4eO-or
more than 18 times as many.
Nor does he mention that the new
Once Of Censorship has II 1913 en-
ployes; that the National Housing
Agency has 13,252; the Federal
Works Agency, 3l,14l; the Federal
Security Agency, 1882; the Rail-
road Retirement Board, 1912; the
National Advisory Committee for
Aeronautics. 2,674; the Board of Eco
nomic Warfare, 1900.
No Reference to Mellett.
Nor does he refer to an Agricul-
ture Department with 31,645, con-
trasted to one In 1918 Of 22,972; or to
a Commerce Department of 24,479,
contrasting to one OF 1882. And
finally there was no reference to
Mr.. Mellett's Once of Govern
ment Reports nor to the estimated
10000 employees of the OPA and its
plans which call for 10000 job
holders scattered through all the
States.
These are just a few Of the over
manned agencies and the figures
concerning them are taken from
Civil Service Commission reports,
which are now more than 90 days
behind. AS of today, 1t would be
conservative to add S per cent all
around to the Civil Services most
recent totals. The daily rate at
which they are going on is beyond
all precedent.
No Restraint on Payrolls.
Some estimated the increase at
about 100000 month. Certainly,
for many months there has been
no restraint at all in piling people
people on the pay rolls and the
presence OF thousands here with
almost nothing to do Is too patent
for denial. The latest Civil Service
Commission comment that there is
a shortage in Washington of skilled
stenographers, telephone operators,
ETC., does not affect the basic facts
Of overmanning. There may be too
few stenographers in some depart
ments, but there are plenty in other
departments who complain that
they have nothing to do. 1t is a
question of distribution rather than
shortage.
Recently the imminence Of a new
Congress with an anti-administra-
ton majority and known deter
mination to attack this situation
has caused one or two minor agen-
cies to move tentatively toward
voluntary reduction" Unquestion-
ably, it was this imminence tina.
prompted the recent WPA nquida-
ton and it is reasonable to at
tribuate the Presidents press con-
ference statement to the same thing.
1t is too bad that instead Of COM
batting the facts and refusing to
recognize the situation, he cannot
bring himself to admit the existence
of an undeniable evil and Join with
those who, with no motive save q
patriotic one, are trying to correct
1t. If he would do that he would not
only increase competency and short
en- the war but save himself con-
siderable future bitterness.
Evening star., 1942-12-16

Last week he used this method to
present q defense against the charge
that the Federal payrolls in. Wash
ington are grossly swollen and that
thousands here have little or nothing
to do.
1t was not one Of his best per-
formances. For one thing, the over
manning Of the agencies and the
overwhelming confusion are too OBJ
vious. For another, the figures of his
Government statisticians were not
up to date, as has since been shown
by Senator Byrd. For, a third, he
avoided mention Of the really vul-
nerable agencies and talked about
something else.
The only impression one could
gain from Mr.. Roosevelt's statement
on the subject was that a majority
of the Federal employees are me-
chanics working on war production
and that there are no soft jobs in
Washington. So far as the first Is
concerned, 1t is undoubtedly true
that many thousands of Federal en-
ployes are doing production work.
Open To Question.
That the percentage given by the
President Is correct, however. is GER
tainly open to question-and again
has been openly challenged by SEN
ator Byrd. The difnculty is to get
the facts. They literally have to be
dug out Of the departments and
congressional committees have found
1t almost impossible to get them
from reluctant officials.
Nevertheless, the digging will con-
tinue and in the next session they
will be gotten, 1t is asserted, If the
heads Of the agencies have to be
subpoenaed to get them. AS to the
soft jobs" 1t is unfortunate for
Mr.. Roosevelt's defense that he used
that phrase.
Because, soft jobs abound here in
such numbers that the mere men,
ton Of them arouses resentment.
There are, for example, those 5000
full-time publicity and press rela-
tions gentlemen with whom the
place is cluttered up. Since Mr..
Davis Of the owl curtailed their
output they are doing less work, but
there are just as many Of them.
Passes Over Facts.
But the real trouble about Mr..
Roosevelt's defense is that he passes
over the pertinent facts and figures
OF the Civil Service Commission,
which fully sustain the charge that
the big reason for the bewilderment
and inefnciency of Washington is
the unprecedented degree to which
Evening star., 1942-12-16

man memoirs are unanimous in
attributing defeat in the last war
to the prolonged resistance Of the
Russians and the scattering of
German reserves over the whole
Eastern area.
After the last war every leading
general warned against a new
conflict with Russia. To Gen.
Won Seekt, the creator of the
post-1918 German Reichwehr,
Bismarck's axiom was a law. 1t
was also a law to Maj. Haushofer,
the famous geo-politician, who
took the view that Japan and
Russia and Russia and Germany
were natural geo-political allies.
The war plans OF the general
staff, which always envisage the
possibility Of war with any ma
ton, were wholly concerned with
defensive policy against Russia
in case of an attack by her.
Collaboration Intimate.
Throughout the 20s there was
the most intimate collaboration
between the Red Army and the
German Reichswehr, mainly rep
resented through Gen. Won Ham
merstein-who retired after the
Roehm purge and has since dis
appeared.
Russia had never opposed Ger
man rearmament; Russia had
signed the first treaty of collabo-
ration with Germany after the
war-at Rapallo in 1922.
So when Hitler imposed on
the generals the elaboration Of
an offensive war plan against
Russia they were not prepared
they had another war plan; they
were skeptical-their own Rus
sian experts did not underrate
the Red Army and above all it did
not underrate the difficulties of
a blitz against so large country.
All the traditional considera-
tions against such a campaign
were in their minds.
But Hitler's policy had made
war with Russia practically un-
avoidable-just as his policy had
previously made the occupation
of Prague unavoidable. And he
promised them a political vic
tory in Russia. He undoubtedly
believed his own idee f1xe that
Russia was governed by Jewish
camarilla and was ripe for COL
lapse. So the generals gave in
and made war plan.
Prediction Fails.
At the outset, the war plan
proceeded according to schedule
and in a most imposing manner.
But against Hitler's predictions,
the Russian state did not disin-
tegrate and the political victory
did not occur. Furthermore, the
progress of the German armies
was slowed I'D even by the re-
treating Russian armies and the
scorched earth policy confronted
the Germans with something
quite new.
Late in the fall of 1941, the
high command. under the lead
ership of Won Brauchistch,
wanted to revise the war plan,
and now, purely over q matter
of military strategy, the old
Evening star., 1942-12-16

reply to criti-
cisims on his
administration.
The setup gives
him a great ad-
vantage. 1t en-
ables him to put
out the stun he
wants either by
direct quotation
or by indirect
quotation or by
an adroit mix
ture Of both. 1t
can be very ef-'
fectiYe.
Evening star., 1942-12-16

which doubtless
will be carried
into the 1914
elections will
be whether the
American people
shall be governed
by laws made by
t h cir elected
r e presentatives
or by appointed
bureaucrats who
interpret the law
as they please.
Already the is
Evening star., 1942-12-16

all-lmportant waterway against
q possible British-French attack.
At that time Russia was on the
side Of the Nazi.
Saracoglue refused TO consider
such an agreement which he In
terpreted as the first step to-
ward the occupation OF Istanbul
by the Russians. He took the
train back to Ankara, but before
leaving Moscow wired his gov
ernment to sign up with the
Allies. This the panic stricken
Foreign Minister considered the
best safeguard for the former
capital of the empire and the
most important port in the Near
and Middle East.
Later events-particularly the
Nazi attack on Russia-made
Turkeys position more stable and
the entrance of the United States
into the war reassured the An
kara government. President
Ismet Inonu and Premier Sara
coglue realized that with America
as member of the United Ma
tions. Turkey need not fear for
her territorial integrity.
Nazi Whispering Campaign.
But the relations with Russia
remained somewhat uncertain,
although less strained. The
Turks are suspicious people and
have the memory of an elephant.
They looked with suspicion when
Russian force, larger than they
deemed necessary for pure police
purposes, entered Northern
Persia. The Germans. headed by
their arch intriguer, Ambassador
Franz Won Papen. were on the
spot spreading the poison OF sus-
picion through all the means at
their disposal. There was a whis-
pering campaign against the
Allies in general and the Russians
In particular.
Because of past experiences
this poison penetrated the minds
Of the masses and some innocu-
Gus military measures the Rus
slams took at their borders were
Immediately exaggerated and in
terpreted as an indication that
the leopard had not changed its
spots.
The presence of American
forces in the Middle East has
alleviated somewhat the fear Of
the Turks but there are not yet
enough American soldiers In Asia
Minor to suit Turkeys taste.
Diplomatic pourparlers are
being encouraged In Washington
and London to bring a definite
understanding regarding Russia's
aims in the Middle East and Asia
Minor because we may still be
confronted with a Nazi attack in
the area. Turkey is, of course,
definitely on the side of the
United States and Great Britain,
but 1t is considered here Of vital
Importance that there should be
no suspicion left in that country
in regard to Russia, a vitally i'm
portant member Of the United
Nations setup,
While no agreement has been
reached nor Is one expected in
the near future, it is hoped in
American diplomatic quarters
that both Turkey and Russia will
put their cards on the table and
deal with each other as frankly
as We wish to deal with them.
Evening star., 1942-12-16
BIackouf Vio|ators Freed; !;
Wardens Fail 10 Appear

By the Associated Press.
NEW ORLEANS, Dec. 1s.-Twen.
ty-three persons charged with vio-
lation OF the city blackout ordnance
during a recent test were freed in
City Court when air raid wardens
failed to appear to testify.
Recorder CASTOR Rose said in
his opinion 1t was very unpatriotic
for the wardens to make the charges
and then not show enough interest
to appear in court to testify. causing
the police much trouble and using
up gasoline and tires serving the
court notices"
Evening star., 1942-12-16

Turkish and
Soviet gov
er n m E n Is.
Neither as
much thought
been given to
the sugges-
ton that the
United States
dSO ~ dH ar
bitter in var
ious questions
which m nv
arise between
the Ankara
and Moscow
Evening star., 1942-12-16
Income Limit
OF $4,000
Is Argued
New Deal Would
Have Only Minority
To Offend by Plan
BY DAVID LAWRENCE.

Congress is adjourning, but both
Houses will be back in January for
what may prove to be It's most his
toric session.
At that session the major issue
Evening star., 1942-12-16

ian Defense Council at pm, tomor-
row In the United States Chamber
Of Commerce Building.
The speaker is the wife OF Sir
John Dill, who is now in Washington
as member of the Joint Allied
Commission.
Evening star., 1942-12-16

Bisma r C k -,
the historical
political lead
er for whom
Army tradi-
tional i S t s
have most re-
spect, h a d
laid 1t down
as an axiom
than Ger
many should
never 60 to
W ar " | t h
Russia. Ger
Evening star., 1942-12-16
Porty Schedule for Blind

The District of Columbia Associ-
alton Of Workers for the Blind will
hold its annual Christmas party.
with . program and gifts for all,
at 8 pm. tomorrow at Epiphany
Church. All blind persons and those
interested are invited to attend.
Evening star., 1942-12-16
German Army cIung to Bismarck Preeept
NO War With Russio-Which Hitler Upset

antagonism between army and
party was revived.
It Is now clear that Won
Brauchitsch counseled against q
winter offensive. counseling with
drawal to shorter lines. Hitler
insisted on continuing the Of
fensive for political reasons.
Apparently, he had made q deal
with Japan that she was to en-
ter the war by an attack on the
United States when the fall of
Moscow was imminent.
Thus, the German offensive
before Moscow continued until
December 7, the day Of Pearl
Harbor-and on that very day
the Russian winter counter
offensive began. The Germans
suffered their first major defeat
IN this war simultaneously with
the Japanese attack on Hawaii.
Generals Pushed About.
BY spring, Hitler was forced
publicly to admit that the first
winter offensive had almost re-
suited in losing the war.
From that date on there have
been continual changes In the
German high command. First,
Hitler dismissed those generals
who had been against his war
plan. and replaced them by other
members OF the traditional on
GERS corps who were more sub
servient.
Brauchistch went out in De-
cember, 194l, and never got an
other command. Fedor Won Book,
who had commanded the armies
before Moscow, was ousted in
December, 194l. recalled in the
spring, given the command for
the new offensive in Southern
Russia and ousted again some
time late In the summer, when
1t became obvious that this Of
fensive also was not succeeding.
He was replaced by = dark horse.
Gen. Won Hoth.
Ritter Won Leeb, in command
before Leningrad, dropped out at
some moment not yet revealed.
as did the tank specialists, Gud-
erian and Ewald Won Kleist.
Rundstedt, who had conquered
the Ukraine, was transferred to
France.
And bit by bit, every one Of the
outstanding personalities Of the
traditional officers corps has
been discarded.
For weeks 1t was impossible to
find out who was the chief Of
staff of the German army
most remarkable state Of affairs
for Germany, of all countries.
Apparently Franz Won Halder
was out-but who was In?
Zeitzler Appears.
In October this column specu-
lated that he had been succeeded
by Zeitzler, and now this fact Is
established. Gen. Zeitzler Is in
charge Of the war plan. And who
is Zeitzler?
A minor officer in the First
World War, commissioned in
1919, he was commissioned in
1926, as the result Of microscopic
Nazi pressures. He was one Of
the Nazi agents, in the cell sys-
tenn built up In the Reichswehr.
His advance was slow, whether
from lack of ability or the op-
position OF the traditionalists.
Early this year he was still only
a colonel.
This summer and fall he was
chief Of staff Of the tank army Of
Kleist, who advanced fast but
was then stalled for three
months in the Caucasus. II
Kleist failed to achieve the OBJ
jective, the discredit must also
go to Zeitzler. But Zeitzler kept
his communications to the rear
open-to Himmler. Zeitzler is .
Gestapo appointee.
The German army has become
party instrument. Hitler has
succeeded where France and
Britain failed. He has destroyed
the Pr,lssian army.
(To Be Continued
released by the Bell eyndieste. fne.)
Evening star., 1942-12-16
BY FRANK r. KENT.

One OF the things which for 10
years and more the President has
done with great skill Is to utilize his
twice-a-week press conference to
Evening star., 1942-12-16

HE opinions OF the riters this page Their otc not
necessarily The Stars Such opinions presented The
Stars effort to gue all sides Of questions of interest to It's
readers although such opinions may be contradictory among
themselves and directly opposed to The Stars
Evening star., 1942-12-16
On the Record
BY DOROTHY THOMPSON.

The idea Of a war against
Russia was unpopular with the
bulk of the German officers
corps. The reasons were mani
Evening star., 1942-12-16
This Changing World
U. 5. Diplomats Hope Russio and Turkey
Will Ploce Postwar Bueprints on TobIe

BY CONSTANTINE BROWN.
Onicial Washington quarters
have received 50 far no informa-
ton regarding any political
agreement reached between the
Evening star., 1942-12-16

Lady Dill to Address
Civil Defense Council
Lady Dill. who served with the
British Motor Corps in France be-
fore Dunkerque, will be guest
speaker at the meeting Of the Civil
La gaceta., 1942-08-25
LA JUNTA DE E Sc
MEZCLA EN- Ell ASUNTO
DE LA HORA DE CIERRE
DE LOS BARES

La Junta de Defensa del Cor
dado pidi6 aver a los sehores
concejales apruebenI una orde-
nanza, en- cuanto a la bora de
cierre de los Bares, que satisfa-
ga al Ejercito y no deje ell pro.
a voluntad del conceal
de cada distrito.
Desea La Junta sc ponga en-
vigor una MEDIA que permita
a la policfa cooperar con ell ejer-
otto en- Ell cierre, a razonable no.
ra, de los lugares donde sc ven
den licores, who's y laguer; que
no sc acepte ell plan de distrito
sobre ell cierre de los Bares, ia
bernas, etc; que la MEDIA Sc a.
plique a toda la ciudad; que los
.duenos de bares Y tabernas de
las afueras de la ciudad cierren
a la misma bora que en- Tampa.
Plant City y Port Tampa o.
frecieron su apoyo a la Junta.
Creese que la ordenanza sobre
Ell cierre Sc discutira en- la Sc
sion de esta noche.
La gaceta., 1942-08-25
CHURCHILL REGRESO
UONDRES

Londres, agosto 25.-Luego
de una vista a Russia y Egipto,
ell primer ministro Churchill
fegres6 aver a esta capital en-
compania de Averill Hartman,
que en- Moscu actuara como re-
presentante personal del presi-
dente Roosevelt.
FL jefe del gobierno hizo ell
viaje en- un cuatrimotor ameri-
cano "Liberatr', mandado por
el photo William Vanderklout,
de Sarasota, Florida.
Inglaterra esta ahora unida y
lista para hacer sacrificios en-
favor de Russia.
Durante su viaje Churhill
nombr6 jefe del ejercito, en-
substitution del general Auchi-
.lenck, al general Alexander.
La gaceta., 1942-08-25
ESPERASE Ell 'APALUCES'
PARA LA NOCHE DE HOY

No Sc verified aver ell "apalu-
ces" o "apag6n' acordado por
la Junta de Defensa del conda-
do. Esta significa que sc efec-
tuara en- la noche de hoy. dado
cue Sc anunci6 entire la media
noche del domingo y Ia media no
che del martes.
Esperan ser llamados unos
5000 hombres Las sirenas So
naran en- el momento que Sc con
sidera conveniente u opotuno.
Durara ell "apaluces' una no.
ra. La mission del pueblo, al DIR
las sirenas, sera apagar las lu-
ces v retirarse de las Gales. Los
automobiles deben parar junto
a las aceras y no podran circu
lar hasta que pase la alarma.
Quedan exceptuados del "a
'pag6n" los campamentos, asti-
lleros, ferrocarriles, autobuses e
industries de guerra.
La gaceta., 1942-08-25
LOS JAPONESE PERDIE-
RON UNA CUARTA PARTE
DE SUS APARATOS Y LOS
ALIADCS NINGUNO

Melbourne, Australia, agos-
to 25.-Una nota del general
Macarthur informa de otra ba
ITALIA aerea en- la cual los japo-
neses perdieron mas de una
cuarta parte de sus aparatos
y los Aliados ninguno.
De les 13 cazas anemigos en-
contrados sobre Nueva Guinea
cuatro fueron derribados y O.
tros averiados. La 1nica 'baja'
de los Aliados fue un avi6n
que regres6 averiado.
III Domingo, en- Darwin, los
nipones atacaron con AZ apa-
ratios y 13 fueron destruidos.
Las bombas cayeron en- IN pan
tano.
Dos cazas Zero" trataron
de interceptar aviones de reco
nocimiento de los Aliados, en-
la Nueva Bretana, pero no 10
consiguieron. Uno de los "Ce'
no" Sc incendi6.
La gaceta., 1942-08-25

A un senior que Sc CANA La vi
da vendiendo a comisi6n o suel-
do, lie da el gobierno, "dispara-
tadamente", ocho galones de
Gasolina a la semana.
Ia gasolina que antes consul
mia en- uno o dos dias, ahora tie
ne que "estirarla", lavandose
las manos los caballeros de Ia
iunta de rscionamiento, a siete
dias w.. Z.
Els un racionamiento abusl-
vo, estdpido, y contrario a los
intereses de miles de ciudada-
nos que Sc ganan ell pan vendien
do diferentes classes de mercan-
cfas en- ciudades, pueblos y al
IDEAS.
iTiene derecho Ell gobierno'
81 la democracia Sc interpreta
honradamente, a arrebatarfe
sus medios de vida a los conf
sionistas, sin antes abrirles nue.
yos 'horizontes''?
Estamos obligados a hacer sa-
crificios pero en- este case de la
rasolina Sc sacrifica injusta-
mente a unos hombres y Sc pro
teje a otros.
La gaceta., 1942-08-25
LOS VENDFDClRES DEMAN-
DAN MAYORES RACIONES
DE GASOLINA

Washington, agosto Poo
locados en- una posici6n de ruina
por la Junta dc Raciona niento
de gasolina, los vencedores de
II estados de la costa del Allan
tico demanian cue la oficina de
administrator de Pre2ios au-
mente su raci6n de gasolina y
remueva asi 81 peligro de que
pierdan sus medios de vida.
Ante el jefe de racionamien-
to, Joe Dean, los vendedores de-
|clararon que Is absur1a la res
|itriccitn de 470 millas p0r mes,
consideran o aus g mas baio
prcmedio de un vend dor es ca
1911 miilas pr mes.
Ell senador Pepper q TINA que
a los ven edores dsbe darse e4
rs por cien,o de la gaSollna cue
en- tiempos norTnsles usaban :
pero tres asociac;ones de yen3e-
doreS Sc conforman on el 60 60.
Mantiene Ell senador TyJings,
de Maryland, que 10 heohO con
los vendedores equivale a confis
carries sus medios de vida.
Ell senador Lodge, de Massa-
chussets, sostiene que el gobier-
no debe imponer SACRIFICES en-
una forma inteligente y justa,
10 que en- este case no hace.