davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1942-07-30
Forty-eiqht-Hour Week

The Joint statement of policy by
eight Government agencies advocat-
ing a maximum work-week ceiling of
forty-eight hours in Government
and in war industries is sound in the
emphasis it places upon loss of ef-
ficiency resulting from excessive
daily and weekly working hours.
Standardization of the actual, not
the statutory. working week in war
production Is needed But it will
have to be accompanied by a clearer
and more logical definition of OBJ
jectives in the payment of time and
a-half and double-time wages for
overtime. The statement of policy
makes clear that the proposed forty
eight hour ceiling does not in any
way affect the forty-hour week, as
defined in the wage and hour law.
But while forty-ho week is gen.
orally accepted in peacetime, there is
a widespread and increasing agree
ment as result of actual expert
ence, both in this country and
abroad, that for wartime production
the eight-hour day and forty Eight
hour week approximate the best
working schedule for sustained EN-
Evening star., 1942-07-30

cheney in most industrial operations. :"
Yet the attempt in Congress to
substitute the forty EIGHT hour week
for the forty-hour week was defeat
ed, not because the forty-eight hour
week imposed excessive working
hours--a claim once made but now
discredited-but because it involved
the loss Of time -and-a-half overtime
wages. In peacetime, the overtime
and double-time rates were imposed
on employers as penalties; in war
time these penalties became bonuses
for the workers. The incentive to
employers to restrict work to forty
hours became the incentive to work.
ers to exceed forty hours. And it
remains the incentive to exceed
forty eight hours. AS long as this
incentive to work long hours re-
mains, standardizing a work week
designed to maintain the peak of
efficient production becomes more
difficult.
Evening star., 1942-07-30
Less Baggage?

The Office Of Defense Transporter
ton has appealed to rail travellers to
cut down on the amount of baggage
carried. Too much may deprive some
soldier OF seat, thereby giving the
United States the largest standing
army in its history
The news will be received with
mixed feelings in the average Amer
lean home. Father will laugh
heartily-until mother jumps on him,
and until he begins to wonder what
he will do about those golf clubs and
that fishing rod Mother will wall.
War or no war, she must have some
thing to wear on that trip. Not that
she ever has anything fit to wear. in
the true sense of the word, but the
few simple rags she does have must
accompany her. Father will suggest
that they be crammed into fewer
suitcases; he will provide the muscle
necessary to close them when over
full. Mother perforce agrees, but be-
means the fate of hats ruined by
such examining.
Oh, we'll, what are a few ruined
hats compared to liberty? And any
how, she can always buy one of those
freak hats that couldn't possibly look
any worse crushed than in its normal
condition.
Evening star., 1942-07-30
Unified AIeutiun Command

The need for unified command in
the Aleutian area, which has become
an active theater of Pacific war
operations, is too obvious to require
explanation. 1t is surprising that the
announcement of such unifcation
should have come only yesterday
weeks after the japanese had landed
occupational forces at Kiska, Attu
and Agattu and after American coun-
teraction by sea and air had been
going on as intensively as weather
permitted.
Recent communiques detailing air
attacks on japanese warshipS, trans
ports and shore installations have
indicated a close coordination of
Army and Navy air forces, but it now
appears that the coordination has
been a consultative arrangement,
such as existed at Pearl Harbor prior
to December 7, rather than unified
command under the dominant
branch, which in the case Of the
Aleutians is the Navy. Henceforward,
the Navy states, the senior naval
officer in the Aleutian area will have
supreme control of joint Army and
Navy operations.
This plan follows the pattern al
ready in effect in Hawaii, the Carib-
bean theater and the various sea
frontiers, where naval officers are in
command The Panama Canal and
the Australian areas are under Army
commands. The Navy's announce
Evening star., 1942-07-30
THIS AND THAT
Bv Charles +. TrncelpeH.

There are few more discourasing
sights than dry bird bath on A hot day.
In watering the birds one is also put
ting out water for squirrels, cats and
dogs.
Tortoises. too. are not above drink
OF water now and then.
On hot day some old turtle will find
a bath very pleasing.
Not many creatures seem 10 enjoy
bath more. Turtles like the bowl about
2 to 4 inches deep They 60 under time
after time. with only the head sticking
out.
1t is easy to see the historic relation
ship between birds and tortoises when a
turtle" is taking its bath with just It's
head sticking out.
The head of the robin greatly re-
sembles it.
Many persons who talk about mans
best friend nevertheless fail to put out
water for him. The dog Is especially
in need of much drinking water during
hot weather
Nothing is better for your neighbors
dog than a pan Of cold water. This can
be placed on the ground. Or bowl
may be sunk in the earth If the water
is warm, and full of leaves and algae,
1t makes no difference to dog
Cats. too. need water Some of them
are great drinkers. They prefer sunken
bowl, and are not at all particular
about the water being fresh or stale.
1t Is a good idea however, to keep bowls
brushed out frequently
Algae on the surface give bath an
ugly appearance, unless the surface is
kept brushed.
Any one who tries putting out water
but who does not get any birds should
not be too disappointed.
They are capricious creatures, and do
not always act as our correspondent
has outlined.
This may be because they have had
water some place else.
On some OF the hottest days they
will make little use Of water.
Many of them seem to do very little
bathing in the heat Maybe they think
1t is bad for them
Cool days and nights Of autumn make
them want to bathe. and especially
seem to make them thirsty. Cold air
Is drying, and this results in dryer It's
sues.
As a general proposition, it is a good
idea to provide water for the birds every
day all the year around, If possible. 1t
Is difficult for them to drink and bathe
In many streams and even fountains.
In a recent article here there was
outlined the best ways of using the
nose to help the birds. 1t is impossible
Of course. to water the lawn without
helping them in some way
In watering the yard, be sure to leave
light period after the watering is
completed that is, give the birds oppor-
tunity to use the wet lawn in daylight
This is best done by withdrawing tc
the house and watching them from the
window
Evening star., 1942-07-30
End STREET.

Dear sir:
ut was O'Clock that Sunday night,
when the thermometer stood at 99s de-
erees and not a leaf was stirring. a
still. sultry, humid heat that hung over
the city like smouldering blanket.
Il walked out on the porch to try to
get q breath of air. There, sitting on
my garden wall, were a row of birds,
robins. grackles. sparrows and few
others I did not recognize. They all
had their mouths open, gasping for
breath. They hardly moved, Just sat in
the burning sun. What to do I hardly
knew-but one thought came to my
mind-cool water. So I filled large
pan and placed it in the middle of the
lawn. then waited Hardly had I left
the pan when they all f1uttered down.
The fat robin waded back and forth and
made funny chirping sound. He
drank and splashed.
The blackbirds sat all around the
rim of the pan and drank and drank.
1t made me think of the rhyme my pupils
sing at school. -Four and twenty black
birds baked in pie just about that
time the robin, who seemed to be
master of ceremonies decided to take
bath. He ducked his head and splashed
and many times laid completely over on
his side. All the while he kept chirping.
"It was not long until large flock of
birds heard the chatter and flew to the
scene. There was no room for so many.
They stood forlornly by as though watt
ing their turn at the cooling fountain.
Just then the robin thrust his head
down into the water, back and forth.
Some lifted their heads and let the
cooling drops flow down their parched
throats. Others dropped their heads
and let the water run over them.
Back and forth the robin swung until
thought he would surely hurt himself.
This kept up until darkness fell and the
little feathered folk flew home to their
nests. AS walked to nearby church
in the fading twilight thought what a
fine thing 1t would be If one member of
every home would set out pan Of cold
water these hot days for our friends, the
birds. 1t would take only a minute
cost nothing, and how much it would
mean to these humble creatures!
Thousands of birds perish every year
from hunger and thirst.
Very truly yours, H. F. B."
X
Putting out water for the birds Is,
indeed, the least any one can do for
them.
1t is a task unfortunately, which Is
easily forgotten, even with the best OF
intentions.
Our correspondents suggestion that
some one member OF the family be re-
sponsible, is good one. It meant that
the job will not be overlooked
Flopping wings and summer heat often
deplete bird bath in few hours.
Sometimes 1t is necessary to refill them
several times a day.
Evening star., 1942-07-30
Old Stone Wall

The law that cast the ualls of
Babylon
Back to the dust from Dhich thev
rose Is here -
And spreads this failing barrier each
Farther upon the fields It barred
Nth stone.
Out Of this unproductipe soil, a lons
And mighty man cleaned each erap
rock to rear
A WdU against long forgotten fear
OF hunger gna,otng at the aching
bone.
He is long dead; there is no hope to
close
Within a ,oall, there Is no fear TO
bar 5a
Beyond the long-uncultipated ro,p,.
His children's children no,p are scat
tered TAR,
And stone by tumbled stone the Gran
,pnH goes
Back to the earth that heals 1t Ike
scar. @7,
GERALD RArTERY.
Evening star., 1942-07-30
Derides British Control of India
For Alleged Protection Against Foes.
To the Editor of The Star:

To the Editor of The Star:
1t is an insult to the knowledge Ameri-
cans have of their own history when
apologists for Britain's continued DOM
nance of India insist upon its necessity
as protection against potential enemies
across her borders and the danger of
civil war within.
When our founding fathers were risk
ing their all for liberty similar dire
prophecies were being voiced abroad and
in tory circles here. They, too, were
surrounded by hostile peoples-French,
Spanish and savage natives. This country
of ours warded of the imperialistically
ambitious French and Spanish colonists,
pushed back the redskins, survived q
civil war. grew and has continued to
prosper. With the exception OF a few
Anglomaniacal diehards, I seriously
doubt II there are any OF us who regret
any OF those struggles to gain and hold
our independence
PHILIP LIGHTTOOT WORMELEY, ".
Evening star., 1942-07-30
Education and the War

Education and the War
The war has brought many new
anxieties to education. One of these
may be summarized in the question.
How can universities and colleges
quickly and efficiently provide the
officer personnel needed by the Army
and the Navy in the prevailing emer-
gency? Unfortunately, the answer to
the inquiry thus phrased cannot be
given by American institutions of
higher learning unaided. The prob
lem is complicated by issues about
which the average citizen has not
yet begun to think.
In years of peace there is no de-
mand for speeding up" the normal
processes of academic life. Leisure
ordinarily has been regarded as a
natural prerogative of the earnest
student. He has not been asked to
hurry. Rather, he has been en-
couraged to prolong his school career
by supplemental reading and re-
search. Postgraduate work has been
urged upon all such scholars as
showed aptitude for it. The resultant
increase in the number of candidates
for the doctorate was applauded as
evidence of the consistent elevation
of cultural standards In the United
States.
Now, however, the picture is
changed. The first bomb to fall at
Pearl Harbor pretty thoroughly de-
molished the old conception of the
purpose Of organized instruction. A
new pragmatic idealism suddenly is
required not merely that victory over
the Axis may be achieved, but also
that there may be complete con-
quest Of those conditions in the world
which conduce to aggression. College
and university faculties were quick
to appreciate the meaning of Amer
lean participation in the war.
Professional educators accepted the
challenge without delay. Within a
month after December conference
OF representatives of governmental
and private agencies devoted to the
training Of youth met at Baltimore
to discuss what currently is called
"acceleration"-the speeding up OF
school techniques and methods and
the rearrangement of the academic
| calendar to eliminate waste of time.
Thus educational authorities at
tempted to anticipate the inevitable
| disturbance of the academic scene
accruing from the impact of the war.
1t was agreed among them, generally
speaking, that curriculum changes
should be permitted only when un-
avoidable. They saw clearly that the
democratic civilization of the United
States must be guarded against con-
cessions which might affect deleteri-
ously its fundamental character.
But the human aspect of the prob
lem is one which must be faced with
stark realism. To illustrate it's COM
plexity and its immediacy, the de-
mand OF the Army and the Navy for
young men qualified by education for
the responsibilities of leadership and
with technical training so necessary
in mechanized warfare is mentioned
At least fifty thousand boys, it has
been indicated, must be helped
through universities and colleges
beginning in September. Paul v
McNutt and the Man Power Com
mission have plan to that end to
propose to Congress. The more
promptly and effectively it is pushed
the better for the boys, the schools
and the country.
Evening star., 1942-07-30

ment regarding the Aeutians leaves
open the question of unified COM
mand in the entire Alaskan area.
The attention being paid by the
Japanese to that quarter of the globe
certainly warrants prompt considera-
ton by our military and naval ex-
perts to pleas of Alaskan authorities
that the whole territory be placed
under a single command.
Evening star., 1942-07-30
Hoskin's Answers
To Questions
Bu frederic J. Hnsktn.

A reader can get the nnsUer to any
question OF TACT BY Drttfna The Epe-
ming Star Information Bureau. Fred
eric J. Hnskfn. director, Washington,
D. c. Please inclose stamp for return
postage.
@. Are United States airplAnes
equipped with bulletproof gasoline tanks7
r. B. D.
A. The Army Air Corps says that some
United States bombers and pursuit.
planes are equipped with self-sealing
gasoline tanks When the tanks are
pierced by bullet or shell. they AUTO
matically close or seal the opening.
@. Which of the Presidents had ths
most children?-F. r.
A. President John Tyler had IA chill
dren, seven by each wife.
O. What is the real name OF the bird
that is often called camp robbie" IN.
K. A.
A. 1t is Rocky Mountain Jay, This
bird Is noted for its aerial antics and
often turns somersault In the air for
sheer Joy Of living.
Evening star., 1942-07-30
transportation Shokeup

Drastic as are some Of the so-called
Van Duzer proposals for reorganiza-
tion of Washington's wartime bus
services, the developing transporta-
ton crisis in the growing Metropoli-
tan area is such as to indicate that
even more drastic measures may be
in store for the people of this con-
gested community before conditions
begin to get any better. With an
average of approximately 5000 new
employees coming to the Capital every
month for war work" and no relief
in sight, the already overcrowded bus
and streetcar systems are struggling
desperately to overcome priority and
production difficulties which prevent
them from obtaining deliveries of
badly needed additional equipment.
The time may come, indeed, when
material shortages and other OBJ
stacles will bring halt to the manu-
facture of rolling stock and make
necessary the most extreme conser-
vation of existing facilities.
1t is to effect the utmost in efficient
use of present transportation equip
ment that Traffic Director Van Duzer,
as administrator of defense trans
portation for the District, has pre-
pared list of suggested changes in
bus routes serving the war agencies.
The recommendations are based on
the proper contention that overlap
ping and duplication of mass trans
portation services should be elimi-
mated as far as may be practicable.
The proposal, already bitterly op-
posed, Is made again that Virginia bus
lines now carrying passengers to the
downtown section via Key Bridge
establish Rosslyn terminal, whence
the passengers would make use of
Capital Transit streetcars for the re-
mainder OF the trip. The Queens
Chapel and the Twenty second and
Shepherd bus lines would be discon-
tinued because of proximity OF street.
car service and numerous other routes
would be shortened or otherwise
altered.
There can be little doubt that most,
If not all of these changes, would re-
suit in inconvenience to the travelling
public. This is unfortunate, but pub
lie inconvenience, Of itself, cannot
logically be the controlling consid-
Grafton in the working out of these Sc
rious problems. If the inconvenience
transcends individual annoyance,
however, and is of such character
and extent as to slow up vital trans
portation service to the War and
Navy Departments and other Offices
concerned with prosecuting the war,
or as to increase fares, then officials
should exercise the greatest care in
ordering revisions.
The Rosslyn terminal proposal, for
example, would entail doubling of the
fare for most Of the residents in the
more thickly populated sections of
Arlington County, in addition to i'm
posing on the Georgetown streetcar
fine an amount of traffic seemingly
beyond its present capacity to handle
expeditiously. Objections, equally
valid, can be made to some of the
other recommendations 1t is imper-
ative, therefore, that the Van Duzer
program be given the most thorough
study possible by the authorities
having JURISDICTION and that no final
decision be made until the riding
public has had ample opportunity to
present it's side of the problem.
Evening star., 1942-07-30
Discuss Contingent Fee Bill
Now Pending in Congress.

NOW fenOln& In congress.
To the Editor Of The Star:
The writer, regular subscriber to The
Star, wishes to compliment you on your
editorial, appearing July q. regarding
the contingent fee bill.
Since the investigation on this subject
started several weeks ago there have
been many newspaper articles written,
but to my knowledge this editorial is
the only one which even remotely sug-
gested that there might be two sides
to the question.
It is sincerely hoped that you and your
staff will continue to realize how drastic
this bill Is, as 1t now is written, and how
utterly confused the entire system of
Government buying would become If 1t
Is enacted into law.
1t would affect not only many honor
able and legitimate people here in WASH
ington but would also drastically affect
the entire country, and would deny the
Government the services and co-opera-
ton of thousands Of manufacturers rep
resentatives who have been working with
the Government for years, and without
whose services the Government would
be seriously handicapped.
Ell ETTENGER.
To the Editor Of The Star:
Your editorial of July 81, with respect
to the contingent fee bill now pending
in Congress, is to be commended.
Despite admitted evils, it has never
been the American way to outlaw carving
knives because some outraged wife,
maddened at the derelictions OF her hus-
band, used the family knife upon him
instead of upon the family roast.
We have In this measure the proposal
to destroy an established American mar
keting system for the reason that some
people are dupes and others are greedy.
The basic trouble appears to be that
we are without definite economic, social
and political standards. The freer are
a people, the more exact must be such
standards.
We SEEM to have forgotten that almost
all American business is conducted in
corporate FORM Ofncers, managers, di-
rectors and all employees of corpora
ton are trustees both in law and fact.
1t is their legal duty to neither commit
waste nor permit any dissipation OF
corporate property. Public officials are
likewise trustees. They are spending
not their own, but the money of the
public-tax money-trust money. When
under the impact Of public need two
sets OF trustees, one having the re-
sponsibility to secure and the other the
obligation to supply. goods and services
required in the public interest cannot
Evening star., 1942-07-30
Letters to the Editor

z Letters to the Editor must
bear the name and address OF
the 1Driter, although the use of
a pseudonym TOR publication is
permissible. The Star reserpes
the right to edit all letters ,Dith
a Die1D to condensation.
Evening star., 1942-07-30

Sporting note-On an attempted
steal OF another base, at Midway, a
large part of the Jap Navy was
brought to shortstop and put out,
although a hasty home run resulted.
Evening star., 1942-07-30

Everyday Science-Science takes
no vacation. Nearly every day Of the
year something new Is discovered
which may play an important part
in your life. There Is, too, keen
pleasure III knowing the how and
why of ordinary things. Everyday
Science answers your questions In
clear, technical language-has
chapters on the weather, the stars.
geography. chemistry, physics. biol
ogy and psychology-the questions
everybody asks every day. To secure
your copy of this publication inclose
Is cents In coin. wrapped In this
clipping and mail to The Star In
formation Bureau.
Name
Address
Evening star., 1942-07-30

Bitter Nazi complaints of purely
civilian damage" to Rhine cities Sug-
gest that the name of the region be
changed from Rhineland to Whine
land
Evening star., 1942-07-30
Los Angeles,
Comments In Mercy"
Toward japanese.

10 tHe Eullof OF IN6 St1f. :
I was very much interested to read Of
the life Of Mime. Chang Kai-shek In
The Sunday Stars This Week Magazine.
Faces show character, and she-even In
her photographs-looks the splendid
character that she Is. She Is head Of the
Chinese Air Force, and will not allow
their planes to bomb Japan because, as
she said. that would be "inhumane!" I"
Just how much does Japan appreciate
that mercy7 II. B. BRADFORD.