davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1942-06-18
Waterloo Remembered

The minds of military men inev-
itably will turn today to the battle
OF Waterloo. 1t was on June Is,
1915, that "the most decisive con-
flict of modern times" took place
in the cornfields of Brabant, nine
miles southeast of Brussels. A great
artificial mound, with an iron lion
on its top, marks the spot. Thou
sands of Americans are familiar
with the scene from having made
pilgrimage to it. Often retold, the
story of what happened there still
has significance to civilians as well
as to soldiers.
Napoleon, returned from Elba,
was fighting for his imperial crown.
His opponents were the British, the
Dutch, the Prussians, the Austrians
and the Russians. Probably he was
doomed from the start of the cam
paign. There can be no question
about his being outnumbered. The
Allies, when ready. could carry their
plans to successful fruition. Slowly
but surely they assembled troops
and supplies for a drive intended
to force the Emperor back into
Paris. There he would be starved
into submission.
1t was Napoleon's choice not to
wait the massed assault. He pre-
ferred to attack the English and
the Hollanders in Belgium, hoping
to destroy them before the Ger
mans could come to their assist
ance. The scheme was daring and
very nearly yielded the results an
tlcipated. With the professional
skill OF a master Snowman. the
Corslcan drew up his forces-74 900
veterans with 246 guns-in three
lines in full view of the Duke of
Wellington and his battalions.
Just before the contest opened
Napoleon rode down the lines to
acknowledge the acclaim of his
heroes. 1t was his final moment of
glory and grandeur. The first phase
OF the battle began at 1l:30 am,
when Reille moved against Hougou-
mont. All through the early sum-
mer afternoon the roll of cannon.
the clash Of cavalry, the rattle of
musketry, the noise Of desperate con-
tention filled the sky. Repeatedly, it
seemed that the Emperor would
triumph. Again and again he ap-
peared to prevail. In the end he
was beaten because Of the mistakes
of his lieutenants, Ney and Grouchy.
BY nine in the evening the French
were retreating. They left behind
them In an area Of roughly three
square miles $4,000 of their comrades
and their enemies killed or wounded.
Within a month Napoleon abdi-
Gated. John Quincy Adams wrote
Of him: II believe there never was
a human being who united against
himself such mass of execration
and adherence as this man has
done" Thomas Jefferson considered
him: "A cold -blooded, calculating,
unprincipled usurper. without
virtue; no statesman, knowing moth
ing Of commerce, political economy
or civil government, and supplying
Ignorance by bold presumption" But
Prince Clemens Won Metternich, the
Austrian diplomatist, who knew him
better than either of the Americans,
summed him up in the words: HE
was, Of all the men in the world, the
one who most profoundly despised
the race"
None of this is new. Living gen.
erations, acquainted with the evil
wrought by another Napoleon, look
forward with hope and determina-
ton to another Waterloo.
Evening star., 1942-06-18
Mediterranean Seq War

SbsS sSS w
The more one analyses reports Of
the twin sea and air battle fought in
the Mediterranean this week, the
more important it becomes. Though
the specific theaters Of action we're
several hundred miles apart, they
were strategically joint operation.
Two big British conveys were started
simultaneously-one westbound from
Alexandria, Egypt, for Tobruk in
Libya; the other eaStbound from
Gibraltar to Malta. Both were
fiercely attacked by Axis aircraft,
backed by Warships, though the
powerful Italian squadron headed
for the Tobruk- bound convoy was
intercepted and badly mauled by
American long-range Army bombers.
Allowing for exaggerations and
suppressions in the rival communi-
ques, the combined struggle. un-
doubtedly was the biggest yet fought
in the Mediterranean, with heavy
losses on both sides. The Axis claims
that the conveys were cut up and
dispersed. The British Admiralty
says that they reached their desti-
nations, but admits considerable"
losses and only limited success"
Such language is significant. Further
more, it should be remembered that
even the ships which reached Malta
and Tobruk may still have their
troubles from fresh Axis bombingS
before their precious cargoes can be
unloaded
The fact that, despite the world
wide shortage of, United Nations
shipping, so many merchant vessels
were risked in dangerous Mediter-
ranean waters is proof that both
Malta and Tobruk badly need sup
plies. Malta has been under virtu-
ally continuous Axis air lombard
ment for months, and must be held
at all costs, since it is the key to
British air and submarine activity in
the central Mediterranean. Tobruk
is increasingly menaced by Marshal
Rommels offensive, which seems to
be still rolling onward despite heroic
British resistance. The fact that the
high command in Cairo risked con-
voy when the supplies could have
gone by good and fairly short land
route would appear to indicate ap-
prehension that this route may soon
be cut by Rommel and Tobruk again
isolated.
An interesting aspect of the strug-
gle was the prominent part played
by American forces. Our big B-24
Consolidated bomberS, which the
British call Liberators, smashed a
powerful Italian squadron and sent
it scuttling back to its base without
ever having got near the British
convoy and naval escorts which were
its quarry. 1t is now certain that a
strong American air force has been
built up in the Near East, and the
Axis reports that American naval
units, including a battleship, were
in the naval escort of the Malta
bound convoy. This is perhaps the
most heartening part of a strategic
picture with dubious elements. 1t is
a promise that our growing strength
is being flung into the wavering Near
Eastern balance, on whose speedy
redressing SO much depends.
Evening star., 1942-06-18
Hoskin's Answers
To Questions
BIZ Frederic J. H1skin.

A reader can get the nns,oer to any
question OF fact by 1oritin0 The EDe-
ming Star Information Bureau, Fred
eric J. Haskin, director, Washington,
D. C. Please inclose stamp for return
postage.
@. How long have American soldiers
worn khaki uniforms?-R. c. D.
A. Khaki uniforms were first worn in
this country by Theodore RooseveltIs
Rough Riders In 1898. et
@. Which are the largest and smallest
counties in respect to popula.ion?-N. D.
A. The largest county in the United
States, according to population, is Cook
County. Ill, having a population Of
4063,342. The smallest is Armstrong
County, S. Oak, the population of which
Is AZ.
@. What is the extent of the world
supply Of gold?-K. d.
A. The worlds supply of gold is esti-
mated to exceed Is billions of dollars.
Evening star., 1942-06-18

Handy Letter Writer-An up
to-date compilation of accepted.
standards and model forms for
all kinds of correspondence, busi-
ness and social. Covers the gen.
eral rules of diction, punctuation,
grammar; correct styles Of ad-
dress; proper salutations and
closings. A special section on
formal communication with gov
eminent officials and dignitaries.
Offers more than 80 sample let
ter forms. To secure your copy
inclose 10 cents in coin, wrapped
in this clipping. and mail 10 The
Star Information Bureau.
Name
Address
Evening star., 1942-06-18

Letters to the Editor must
bear the name and address of
the tDriter, although the use OF
a pseudonym for publication is
permissible. The Star reserves
the right to edit all letters Nth
q uieW to condensation.
Evening star., 1942-06-18

Let us hope that the promised new
front will be something more than
Just q new development on the tax
front.
Evening star., 1942-06-18

The Associated Press is exclusively entitled TO
the for republication OF all news dispatches
credited TO IL or not otherwise credited in this
paper and also the local news published herein.
All rights OF publication az special dispatches
herein also are reserved
Evening star., 1942-06-18
Opposes Cultivation of Hatred
As indispensable" Factor in War.


To the Editor of The Star:
We read in the papers about efforts
said to be inspired by the Government to
cultivate hatred on the part of our people
against enemy nations. That ought not
to be done. To say that hatred is indis-
pensable to success in the war is as much
as to say that it is wrong for us to be in
the war at all.
That is what the pacifists say. With
all respect for the character and for the
arguments of those people. many of us
think we are well justified in making vio-
lent resistance to the wicked program of
the Nazis and the Japs
That does not mean that we must hate
the enemy. 1t may be necessary and JUS
tiflable to be severe with them, to treat
them rough" but not to hate them.
We are servants of God, not of the
devil. Hitler is devil, and we do not
want to follow his ways. The poor fools
of Nazis do not know any better. If we
cultivate hate, and express it in action.
we will simply keep them from learning
any better. Let us not be led into
wrong doing by the example Of our
enemies, but let us set them an example
of being as severe as need be, but only as
much as need be-to prevent them from
doing worse things.
WILLIAM G. LEE.
Evening star., 1942-06-18
Letters to the Editor
Commends Increase in Number
OF Negro Police Officers.

SOmmcn0S increase In NumDer
OF Negro Police Officers.
To the Editor of The Star:
The increase of Negro officers on the
police force Is splendid indication of
civic and social growth. Washington
always has had few colored policemen
who have shown fearlessness, tact.
honesty and loyalty Many have been
cited for adherence to duty. President
Grant praised Policeman West, colored
ofiicer.
The present crop Of young colored
oficers is a highly intelligent athletic
group. Most of them are college grad
yates. Some had qualified for aviation
training.
Sidat Singh is probably the most re-
nowned athletic oficer on the force.
There are many other former colored
college athletes patrolling the streets.
The social significance of this is mean
ingful for Washington. Here, where
racial intolerance and friction develop
in many situations, there is great need
for tolerant police force
What Is needed now is the extension
Of the promotion plan to include colored
men so that they may rise when other
wise qualified to the top positions on the
force. E. B. HENDERSON.
Advocates Immediate Conference
To Draft "Code" for Peace.
To the Editor of The Star:
Many confess to disappointment at
the tacit assumption that recent state
ments of far-sighted postwar prin-
ciples must remain, for the duration,
couched in their present vague terms,
only to be worked out in detail in long
armistice after the war
This is to repeat the mistake made
after the First World War. To insure
that these principles will stand the test
of postwar reaction, President Roosevelt
should call conference of the United
Nations now, not after the war, to incor-
porate them promptly into a detailed,
integrated economic and political code.
A strong solidarity currently marks
the nations joined together to combat
a common foe. But psychology teaches
that individuals or nations, united un-
der external danger, tend to fall apart
when the danger recedes. Accord. easy
before, becomes dificult then. With the
peril gone, dulled becomes the memory
of the soul-shaking efforts expended to
remove it.
-vengeful peace terms offered
early would help to end the war quickly
by encouraging revolt within Germany.
In a conference held now this possibil-
ity would incline the delegates to gen.
erous action, whereas, with the enemy
already beaten and the strategic advan-
tage of general peace terms gone, the
conclave well might degenerate into
another Versailles peace" conference.
This war will end with three nations,
Britain, Russia and the United States,
in near sole possession of the worlds
military might. But great power cor
rupts its holders. Even supposing those
three nations could remain in harmony
with each other. could they curb the
urge to impose their programs upon the
many smaller nations? This would prove
an unfortunate development regardless
Of the altruistic quality Of the programs
Evening star., 1942-06-18
Criticizes Use Of Terms
Originated by Enemy.

To the Editor of The Star:
1T irritates me that so many Of the
newspapers, including The Star, are so
prone to adopt German descriptive terms.
OF course, we grew up with terms like
kindergarten" and "delicatessen," and
"blitz" seemed particularly apt. but why
continue?
The Star on several occasions recently
has made use Of the term "ersatz" to de-
scribe some substitute material
Aren't there enough words in Webster's
unabridged without having to copy from
the language of our enemy? F.B.
Evening star., 1942-06-18
Questions Shortage of Gasoline
For Defense Purposes.

QucStiOHS SHOf tdBC VI odSouhC
For Defense Purposes.
To the Editor Of The Star:
A recent article in The Star tells us
that gasoline is short, that it is needed
to run tanks-every gallon of it.
The next moment we are told that it
is rubber that is short, and that that is
the reason why We should not use our
cars.
But it is the public's impression that
there is plenty of gasoline in the country,
more than plenty for Army, Navy and
all other defense needs.
Also, how does 1t help to let ones tires
rot in the garage on an unused car?
Even though rubber is scarce, no one
has been asked to give up his still usable
tires. So why spare them, except as they
may be needed for transportation to
work and for other essential uses?
Americans are delighted to sacrifice
conveniences no end, but you cannot ask
for sacrifice without making the reason
clear. ORLAND ODEMLAP.
Evening star., 1942-06-18

imposed Benevolent paternahsm an
gers its objects quite as much as selfish
paternalism.
True, differences will arise in the con-
ference, which some fear might imperil
the unity of the anti-Axis front and
which Goebbels' propaganda machine
might hold up to ridicule But the re-
cent understanding between Britain,
Russia and the United States encour-
ages confidence that such differences
will not involve basic principles. In any
event, it is a risk well worth taking
Certainly fewer and less vital differences
will arise in a conference held now,
beneath the shadow of a still menacing
enemy, than later, with that enemy
PROSTATE before us. HARRY STARK.
Evening star., 1942-06-18
Sees No Novelty in Effort
For Universal Reformation.
To the Editor OF The Star:

10 the EDITOR OF The Star:
There is nothing new in the notion
that we should reform the world, while
attempting to force our views on those
that may prefer their own.
Napoleon had a dream of world en-
pire-one pattern of thought and uni
versal freedom. Woodrow Wilson,
great idealist, was sincere in the belief
that league Of nations would function
to the benefit of all. AS was to be ex-
pected, certain human elements inter-
vened to obstruct and thwart his we'll
conceived plans.
Leagues" international courts and
treaties" as a matter of fact, are as
ancient as the pyramids. Countless wars
have been waged in the vain attempt to
establish permanent peace and to compel
those of dissenting views to accept and
absorb set rules.
1t is well to work for better things
while remembering that human nature
cannot be bridled, as one would bride a
horse. We should refrain from adopting
"holier than thou" attitude, in view of
past performances Treaties repeatedly
have been broken, by the British and by
ourselves, as history records. COL Cody,
better known as Buffalo Bill" said, "I
have never known an Indian to break
treaty or white man to keep one"
EDMUND K. GOLDSBOROUGH.
Evening star., 1942-06-18
Expresses Appreciation
OF Soldiers Mail Article.

To the Editor OF The Star:
think your feature writers are pro-
ducing some fne articles for The Sum
day Star.
I know enjoy them. I particularly
liked recent article by Mrs. Jessie FAINT
Evans upon the importance of letters
from home in the life Of soldiers In
camp. LILLIAN CAIN.
Evening star., 1942-06-18
Rates by Mail-Payable in Advance.
Member of the Associated Press.

Entered as second class matter post ONCE,
Washington, D. c.
Evening star., 1942-11-11
Allied Attack in New Guinea
Declared Nearing Decision

By the Associated Press.
GEN. MacARTHURS HEAD
QUARTERS, Australia, Nov. IL
Allied troops, fighting a desperate
Japanese force in the thick New
Guinea jungles around OiW while
Allied aircraft attacked the only
remaining path of withdrawal for
the enemy, are bringing their battle
to a decision, Gen. Douglas MacAr-
thurs headquarters announced to-
day
The Allied flyers flew up and down
the line of Japanese supply between
Oivi and Buna on the Northeastern
New Guinea coast, raking ammuni-
ton dumps and troops with ma
chine gun fire and bombing gun
positions and supply depots.
The communique reported that
serious damage was inflicted on the
Japanese installations and ammu-
milton dumps were destroyed.
Many guns in the vicinity of the
fighting were silenced, the COM
munique said, and heavy anti-air-
craft guns were blown from their
implacements. Severe casualties
were reported inflicted on Japanese
ground troops.
Evening star., 1942-11-11
1t. Gen. McNoir on
National Radio Forum

An Armistice Day message
to the Ground Forces of the
United States Army will be
broadcast in the National
Radio Forum this evening by
1t. Gen. Lesley J. McNair,
their commander. The Ma
tional Radio Forum is a Blue
Network feature, arranged by
The Star and heard locally
over Station WMAL at 10:15
o'clock.
Gen. McNair, quiet, So
year-old Minnesotan, was
made commander of the
Ground Forces of the Army
last March, when the Presi-
dent reorganized the Army's
administrative setup into
three compact, co-ordinated
dlvlSionS-the Ground Forces,
the Air Forces and the Serv-
ices Of Supply. He was made
responsible, in this move, for
carrying out the training and
organization Of the Nations
land forces. Previous to this
assignment he had been chief
Of staff OF the Army general
headquarters, set up after the
outbreak Of the war in Eu-
rope.
His message tonight Is d.
rected to the soldiers Of the
Ground Forces.
Evening star., 1942-11-11
Three Army Flyers Killed
In Crash Of Transport
By the Associated pr.s.

BY the Associated Press.
UNION, S. c., Nov. 11.-An Army
paratroop transport plane crashed
and burned near here yesterday
afternoon, killing an officer and two
enlisted men.
The dead: First 1t. G. w. Peter
son, pilot. Lynbrook, N. Y; Staff
Sergt. I. c. Hutchinson, co-pilot,
Council Bluffs, Iowa, and Technical
Sergt. Donald A. Sweigart, crew
chief, Lancaster, Pa.
The public relations Office of the
Greenville Army Air Base said the
plane was on a routine training
flight from Mobile, Ala, to Pope
Field, Fort Bragg, N. c. The men
were stationed at Fort Bragg.
The three victims were the only
occupants of the plane.
The accident occurred near Kel-
ton, about 10 miles north of Union,
during rainstorm.
Evening star., 1942-11-11

the Riviera coast, Marseille was
ordered under nightly curfew.
Italy showed her mounting alarm
by ordering civilians out OF her Ii
gurian seacoast from Genoa to La
Spezia opposite Corsica.
Vichy reported that another Ger
man force had passed Agen, less
than 100 miles north of the Pyrennes,
headed for Toulouse.
British military experts estimated
that Hitler had more than 80 divi-
sions-almost a half million men
urgency of the new front.
Presumably they would be REIN
forced because of the mounting
urgency of the ne wfront.
Control of Sea at Stake.
Besides guarding the back of Field
Marshal Erwin Rommels broken
force in Libya, the Axis move into
Tunisia was regarded as desperate
effort to- beat the Allies to control OF
the Central Mediterranean at its mar
rowest strait, the 90-mile-wide water
lane between Sicily and Cape Ron
Tunisia.
The terms of the Compiegne For
est armistice were violated by Hit
ler's order for q sweep by Nazi
troops through Unoccupied France
and Marshal Petain protested quick
ly to German Field Marshal Karl
Rudolf Gerd von Rundstedt. A
Vichy radio broadcast appealed to
the French people to rally behind
Marshal Petain.
One arm of the German forces
headed directly toward Marseille
and Toulon.
Italy said she was In full agree
ment with Germany on the neces-
sity for this action on the oath an
niversary of the World War
armistice, and Fascist forces moved
into France.
For italy. the occupation prob
ably win mean even greater domi-
(see FRANCE, Page A-5l
Evening star., 1942-11-11
Mexican Bandit Is Blasted Out
Of Jail With City Park Cannon

Two Of the gang held a saddled
horse ready for the surprised and
trembling chief who stumbled
through the gaping hole. They
helped him aboard and all galloped
OF into the mountains. A detach-
ment of cavalry followed-several
hours behind.
Padilla, famous for his colorful
escapades and daring raids, was
captured few days ago In brush
with federal troops and quickly
sentenced to death.
Now the troops are right back
where they started-thanks to the
city park monument.
Evening star., 1942-11-11
Americans Take
Rabat, Capital
Of Morocco
Eisenhower Offers
Assurance Africu
Will Remain French
Bv IVES GALLAGHER,

Dy WES UAAAfAOAlLASS
United States CORRESPONDENT with the AEH
in North Africa.
ALLIED HEADQUARTERS IN
FRENCH NORTH AFRICA. Nov.
Lit. Gen. Dwight D. Eisen-
hover, Allied commander In chief
in North Africa, disclosed today
that Rabat, the French capital
of Morocco, is in American
hands.
The disclosure was made when
Gen. Eisenhower ordered Maj. Gen.
George s. Patton, the American
commander on the Moroccan front,
to place a wreath on the tomb Of
Marshal Louis Lyautey, founder OF
the French empire, at Rabat.
Commemorating the 1918 armistice
anniversary, the Allied supreme COM
mander offered solemn assurance"
that the African empire would re-
main French.
GA United Press correspondent,
whose report was made available
to the Associated Press through
pooling arrangement of military
authorities, said American forces
today assembled in the main
square of the French Moroccan
town of Rabat to pay tribute to
the memory" of Lyautey on the
French marshals birthday. The
ceremony was conducted before
the tomb of the French hero, the
United Press correspondent said0
Gen. Eisenhower's proclamation
said: "As commander in chief of the
Allied forces I have the honor to
participate in the liberation Of
French North Africa. It is there
fore a great privilege for me to
salute with deep respect the memory
of Marshal Lyautey on the birthday
of that great soldier of France who
created the North African empire.
His work remains and will remain
as a permanent monument to the
genius and patriotism of Frenchmen
everywhere. 1t is particularly fit-
ting that we should pay tribute to
Marshal Lyautey since the forces
under my command bring with them
solemn assurance that his achieve.
ment-the North African empire
shall remain French"
Evening star., 1942-11-11
CosobIonco Asks Truce:
Nozis Rush to Tunisio

LONDON, Nov. II (P.-Collapse
of organized resistance to American
occupation forces in Northwest
French Africa appeared to be all but
complete today and Adolf Hitler
rushed forces into Tunisia to fore.
stall an extension of the Allied coup
to the Central Mediterranean.
The Vichy commander at Casa.
blanca sued for an armistice at that
vital Atlantic port of entry for ex-
peditionary forces, and dispatches
from Allied headquarters in North
Africa disclosed that American
troops were in firm occupation Of
Rabat, the Moroccan capital.
An Allied spokesman said some Of
Hitler's air-borne troops and war;
planes had landed in Tunisia, and
British radio reports added that
Italian marines had taken possess
sion of the Tunisian naval base Of
Bizerte in order to maintain their
control of the narrow part of the
Mediterranean where the French
African coast comes within 100 miles
of Sicily.
Allied spokesmen said they had
(See AFRTCAN Paoe A-97-