davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1941-10-19
PANAMA'S GIFT TO HEMISPHERE UNITY
u S Glad Get PoDemocroic Regime Albeit Embarrassed

Custer Of DR.. Arnulfo Arias, often
pro-Nazi in his sympathies, as Presi-
dent of Panama, has eliminated one
Of the weakest links in the chain of
hemisphere solidarity-but the State
Department isn't entirely happy about it.
The bloodless coup detat in which
q government pledged to continental
defense and to democratic principles
seized Office fitted in SO perfectly with
American plans that there was i'm
mediate suspicion In a good many quar-
ters that the United States had hand
in the upset.
Commentators in Rome, Berlin and
Toxic were quick to make the charge.
The secret departure of DR.. Arias i'm
mediately after issuing a decree order
ing Panama registry forfeited by any
cargo ship mounting guns, direct slap
at the United States, seemed significant
to newsmen, who assumed that there
must have been a casual relationship
between the order and the Presidents
disappearance.
Fortunately for our relations with
other Latin American nations, their
representatives in Panama knew better.
Nevertheless it became necessary for
Secretary of State Hull to issue
categorical denial that the United States
had any part in the governmental shift
when reported comments by Senator
Shipstead, Republican, of Minnesota,
added weight to the rumors.
Handled With Kid Gloves.
Despite his totalitarian sympathies
and a series of actions apparently de-
signed to assure himself of cash on the
line for any cooperation with defense
plans, the United States policy was to
handle President Arias with kid gloves.
The presence of Axis and japanese
agents within few miles of the canal,
across a border which was merely an
imaginary line down the center Of a city
street, was disquieting at times, especially
since single heavy blast at vital
point might have closed the canal-the
strategic waterway which enables our
Navy to guard two oceans at once.
But even more disquieting was the
possibility that hasty move in Pana-
ma might imperil eight years of effort
by the Roosevelt administration to i'm
prove relations with Latin America.
So the State Department and the
Army, which runs the Canal Zone, ap-
peased DR.. Arias-untu the Panaman-
ians acted.
The Arias brothers, Arnulfo and
Harmodio, are not members of the small
group of wealthy families of Spanish
blood which constitute Panamas ruling
class. Partly Indian, they were born OF
q poor family in the interior.
Led Revolution in 1927.
Harmodio, the elder, a brilliant stu
dent, was sent to Cambridge by the
Panama government. Later, success
full lawyer, he sent his brother to school
In the United States.
Arnulfo attended Hartwick College,
the University of Chicago, took his
medical degree at the Harvard Medical
School, and interned at Boston City
Hospital Returning to Panama in 1927,
he plunged into politics and soon had
formed a new political party.
On New Year night, 1881, the young
doctor, gun in hand, led revolution.
About 20 persons were killed and 100
wounded in the brief struggle. Brother
Harmodio became President.
Arnulfo served as director of public
Evening star., 1941-10-19
Atlantic Front

While on patrol duty about $50 miles
south and west Of Iceland the United
States destroyer Kearny was torpedoed
on Friday. One of the Nays newest
destroyers, the Kearny was commanded
by 1t. Comdr. A. L. Danis. No casualties
were reported, and the vessel, though
damaged, was able to proceed under her
own power.
Later in the day, the House sent to
the Senate, by vote of nearly two 10
one, the bill TO arm American merchant
vessels. Previous to the vote on final
passage it defeated, 257 to 1876, motion
to send the measure back to the COM
mittee for further hearings offered by
Representative Tinkham, Republican, of
Massachusetts,. Approval of this bill
by the House was another evidence of
congressional support of the admins
tration's foreign policies and the weak
ening of the isolationist forces on Capitol
Hill
Evening star., 1941-10-19
Noz mpe Moscow

series Of attacks on continental OBJ
jectives, threw its full weight into the
task of relieving the pressure on the
Red armies. In London, it was claimed
that as a result of the activities of the
R. A. F., the Germans he'd been COM
PEELED TO keep at least so per cent OF the
Luftwaffe in the west. Meanwhile, many
Britishers continued to demand an in
vasion of the continent and the estab-
lishment of a second front as a means
of forcing a diversion of Nazi troops
from Russia.
Revealing the inside story of the Brit
ish failure in Flanders, the official report
of Lord Gort, British COM
Sort's mander, was made public on
Report Friday. The London press
cited this report as evidence
of the futility of sending an expedition
ary force to the continent unless fully
trained and equipped.
In Washington and in London last
week high officials devoted much study
to the problem of speeding war mate
power-what is needed is more TOOLS"
Lease-Lend Administrator Hartman de-
clared in London soon after his return
from Moscow.
Munitions for Russia are leaving
United States ports constantly and
everything possible is being done to send
material to the Soviet Union ito help
the brave defense which continues to
be made" President Roosevelt said in
a formal statement issued at the White
House on Monday.
Effectiveness of future Soviet opera
tions against the Nazi, it was generally
conceded, will hinge in large part on
the ability of Great Britain and the
United States not only to furnish war
supplies, but to find ways Of placing
them in the hands of the Red armies.
Evening star., 1941-10-19

| to do. Hardy oppositionists who did so
were told that there was none left. A
number who insisted on marking yes"
ballots mo" were arrested for defacing
ballots.
The new constitution refused Pana-
manian citizenship to Orientals. DR..
Arias began a campaign to eliminate
Chinese and Hindu shops, long tourist
meccas in Panama City and Colon. Mer-
chants found they could remain in buSi-
ness only by taking Panamanians into
their firms and employing Panamanian
clerks.
Panama lives on the Canal and almost
every one in the coastal cities speaks
English. Arias began a campaign to
preserve the Spanish language Under
penalty of heavy fines, newspapers print
ed in English and Spanish were required
to fold the Spanish section outside.
Night clubs were ordered to announce
all numbers first in Spanish, then in
English, and to present at least one
Panamanian or Spanish tune in each
group of three dance numbers. Dozens
of other minor regulations were enforced.
The Panamanians are proud people
who cannot help resenting the fact that
their fortunes are linked to those OF
more powerful neighbor. And although
many of them distrusted Arias' pro-
Axis sympathies (his brother Harmodio
broke with him and led bitter cam
paign of opposition in his paper, the
Panama American they believed he was
working for the good of Panama.
However, critics Of the Arias regime
circulated rumors about profits from slot
machines, from a new casino, from the
race track, from Panamanian participa-
ton in foreign businesses. None Of them
could be proved, but they were believed
in Panama.
Americans in the Canal Zone, taking
the situation very calmly, kept out OF
the fight, but commented privately that
President Arias was more Huey Long
than q Hitler. They knew trouble was
coming, but apparently even the insiders
were surprised that 1t came so soon.
and that Arias was eliminated by men,
bers of his own cabinet with so little
disturbance.
All the details Of what happened are
not yet clear. Apparently DR.. Arias de-
cided to make q quick trip to Cuba on
personal business-his own story was
that he wanted to consult an eye spe-
cialist. He had visited Havana before
without arousing comment.
50 Jailed.
Seven days after the first anniversary
of his Inauguration, Arias secretly
boarded an airliner for Barranquilla,
Colombia, and Havana. Two days later
the Supreme Court Of Panama swore in
the second vice president, Ernesto Jaen
Guardia, as president, holding that the
first vice president, Jose E. Pezet, close
friend of Arias, could not be found.
Meanwhile some so persons, includ-
ing the Mayor of Panama, Nicolas Ar
ditto Barletta, the Iron man" of the
administration, and the staff Of La
Tribuna, Arias' paper, were clamped in
Jail.
Also under precautionary arrest" were
two of Arias' secretaries, Cristobal
Rodriguez and Antonio Isaza, former
consul general at Hamburg generally re-
garded as a Nad sympathizer, and En-
rique Lnares, manager Of the national
lottery.
The National Police, Panamas only
Evening star., 1941-10-19
Bv B. T. Richardson.

to fix q rigid. unalterable ceiling on
wages is not fair to the worker. His cost
of living may rise so fast that he IS
stranded Moreover, past experience
shows that the general wage level cannot
rise fast enough to keep up with rising
prices, if the race starts. And an ex-
cessively high wage level is bound to
crash some day. 1t did after the last
war and workers suffered.
So Canadas policy is first to use full
emergency powers to keep the cost OF
living within control, then to establish a
ceiling on wages. and finally, to provide
a safety valve of living bonuses for work.
ers if the cost of living advances in
spite of controls.
How Plan Operates.
Here is how 1t works. In December,
1910. the Department of Labor issued a
declaration that the wage level of 1926
1929, which was relatively high, should be
considered "fair and reasonable" for ex-
isting war conditions. If any industry is
paying wages at less than the 1926-1929
level, that industry should allow its wages
to go up slowly at the rate of per cent
annually until the pre-depression level
is reached. But after that wages should
not 60 any higher. Any further increase
In income paid to workers should be by
means of cost of living bonus rejecting
the exact rise of living costs.
The prescribed bonus is estimated on
the basis of Is cents a week for each l
per cent increase in the cost of living,
except in the case Of low-paid workers,
who would be entitled to fiat bonus of
l per cent of their basic wages.
1t is illegal to strike in Canadian
war industry until the causes of dis
pute have been investigated by a board
Evening star., 1941-10-19

democracies is still uncertain. Unable to
agree on the great issues confronting
the nation Premier Prince Fumimaro
Konoye presented the resignation of the
cabinet, en- bloc, to Emperor Hirohito
on Thursday, and the following day 1t.
Gen. Eiko TOTO, War Minister in the
retiring cabinet and warm admirer of
the German Army, was directed to form
a new government.
Linked in a common partnership with
the Axis, Japan, for many weeks, has
been pressed hard by the Nazis to attack
the Red armies in Siberia and force a
showdown in the Pacific with Uncle
Sam and John Bull. Instead Of yielding
to the militarists and jingoeS, who have
been clamoring for active participation
of Japan in the war on the side OF the
Axis, Premier Konoye has preferred to
follow a middle Of -the-road policy-one
calculated to avoid an open break with
Soviet Russia, Great Britain and the
United States. In this he has had the
support OF the moderates, liberals and
most of the businessmen Of Japan.
Resignation of the Konoye cabinet was
generally interpreted as indicating that
Japan is preparing to
Jopon's abandon her fence-sittlng
Dec;siop role by moving against the
Russians in Siberia, and
striking hard for the accomplishment
of the new order in East Asia
at the cost of war with the British En-
pire and the United States.
Though the Soviets still have q large
army in Siberia, many of its units and
much of its material have been sent TO
Europe to bolster the forces that have
been battling the NaZi invaders. Con-
ditions, on their face, therefore, seem
more favorable for a japanese assault
on Siberia than they have been for
MANY a year-a fact no doubt recognized
by the Toxic opportunists.
In Washington, there was no DISPOSE
ton to minimize the potential serious
ness of the situation created by the
resignation of the japanese cabinet. On
Thursday President Roosevelt Cancelled
his regular cabinet meeting and con-
ferred for several hours with his prln-
cipal military and foreign affairs ad-
visers. The following day the Navy De-
partment announced that 'a very few
American merchant ships have been
ordered into port for instructions re-
garding their voyages" Shortly before
this announcement, it was unoft1clally
reported that all American ships had
been directed to leave Japanese End Chi
nese waters because Of what the Navy
called "the situation in the Pacific"
Only the future will tell whether .the
expected resurgence of belligerency in
Toxic is likely to precipitate clash in
the Pacific between Japan and the
United States and Great Britain.
Evening star., 1941-10-19

armies apparently have not yet ex-
hausted their reserves Of manpower.
Whether the Soviet government can
readily replace the tanks, guns, air
planes and other war weapons destroyed
in the fighting Of the past three months
is, however. another question.
On Wednesday,, Berlin claimed that
Hitler's legions had won "the double
battle of Bryansk and Vyazma," and had
captured more than 100000 prisoners,
besides destroying or capturing 1888
Soviet tanks and 4,133 guns. 1t likewise
announced that majority Of the Ger
man troops who had taken part "in this
mighty battle of penetration and en-
circlement" were now free for operations
elsewhere
Though frankly conceding the serious
ness of the menace involved in the Nazi
advance. the Soviet press
Ring declared that the enemy
OfSfeel drive was losing its mo-
mentum, and urged a peo-
pies defense of Moscow similar to that
used at Leningrad. Said the government
newspaper Isvestia: From behind every
stone on the approaches to Moscow the
enemy must be met with fire and steel.
Every factory must become an arsenal
forging arms for the defenders. Every
man must learn to handle gun. The
enemy will never enter Moscow. He
will choke in his own blood. Defense
of the city must grow, not daily, but
hourly, making the city impregnsble." !"
On Thursday, the Soviet high COM
mand announced that its forces had
withdrawn from the city Of Kalinin,
about 100 miles northwest of Moscow.
Occupation of this city brought the Nazis
long step nearer an encirclement Of
the Soviet capital from the north, and
also gave them another springboard for
a direct assault on the defenses of Mos
COW.
According to a Moscow broadcast in
Polish, the following proclamation was
issued in the capital, Comrades, Moscow
is in danger. The enemy is on the point
of reaching the capital. The hour for
the supreme sacrifice has arrived The
people OF MOSCOW must light to the last
breath"
The news from Moscow on Thursday
had more cheerful note. Despite a
deterioration" in the defenses west of
the city, Russian dispatches insisted
that the resistance of the Red Army had
not been and could not be broken Ger
many, it was further asserted, had
reached her maximum offensive power.
From Teheran the same day came a
report-based on information obtained
from authoritative sources
Copitol that the Soviet govern
Moved ment and foreign diplomatic
missions were preparing to
leave beleaguered Moscow and move to
the provincial city of Kazan. 450 miles
east. Both the United States and
British Embassies, it was said have
maintained skeleton STATS in Kazan
since June, ready to carry on their diplo-
Evening star., 1941-10-19

matte functions if the NaZi drive forced
the evacuation of Moscow by the Soviet
government.
Far to the south. the Germans an
nounced the occupation of the town and
harbor of Odessa, under siege since mid
August. Capture Of this city will greatly
strengthen the strategical position of the
Nazis in the Black Sea and make easier
the launching of thrust toward the
Caucasus and its vast oil fields.
AS the week ended. the fate of Moscow
was still to be decided. The Russians
Evening star., 1941-10-19

into the
hich concentrate the outer defense system
the capital the
RUeS form natural detenSeS
Vkoe affords anchor Russian
artillery.
eS the raioad the terrain
ideal attack The land fairly high and dry for miles in all dec
blocks the
Nasi Every barrier must be man-nlade.
Evening star., 1941-10-19
Western Europe

While the Nazi war machine pushed
on toward Moscow. the R. A. F., in
Evening star., 1941-10-19
The Far East

The reaction of Toxic to Nazl sue
cesses on the Russian front was quick,
but its final significance, in terms OF
Japans relationships to the Western
Evening star., 1941-10-19

claimed that the Red armies had blunted
German spesrheads in two sectors west
of the city, and slowed the advance OF
the Nazi iuggernaut. Berlin countered
with reports of further gains and pene-
trations by Nazi units of Moscows de-
fenSes.
Afro-American courier. (Yazoo City, Miss.) 1926-19??, 1941-05-01
Ministers To Meet At Alcorn

Acorn, Miss May 16-In keeping with the insti-
utlons endeavors to expand its services in such
that of Negro life the state of Mississippi
will be touched and helped, Acorn A. NJ College has
completed plans for the third Annual Institute and Con-
ference for Rural and Town Pastors
AS permanent service to the rural church, the
college, for the past two years, has cooperated with
statewide mathematician Council and the Federal
Council of the Church Of Christ in sponsoring insti
tue and conference for town and pastors lay work
and youth leaders This year the conference will be-
gin June 8 and end on June Ia @.
Discussions sectional meetings and addresses of the
meeting will deal with the several federal agencies
peciay the and policies Of the Farm Security
Administration the Agricultural Adjustment Admins
tration the Farm Credit Administration the National
Youth Administration and also rural health problems
the farmer and National Defense the rural church. and
national defense, youth leadership in the rural church,
rural public schools enacy land economic we'll being
sic for worship Sunday School and other services and
preaching to life ~ ~ sa.f ..Etts. q
Leaders of National prominence will be present and
make contributions. - s.a
Free scholarships Including room and board will
be given to large number Of those who register first
Afro-American courier. (Yazoo City, Miss.) 1926-19??, 1941-05-01

q Tougaoo's fine scoring team broke up the
wear monopoly Alcorn conference championships
and nosed Okolona Mount Beulah, and Alcorn for
It's first championship in years in the closely fought
1871
Il In order to establish recognition real champions
and to win this coveted llor and to get its
the beautiful O. T. Hender Trophy, the Red and Blue
was forced to break all existing records with 1868
points in nine conference games.
& Tougaloo started the season with its usual rush.
whining the first four by gigantic scores In two
sem-professonal team, by and 1921 An
improved Vcksburg Y. NJ C. A team trounced the Bull
dogs twice although the Rambers were trailing in both
games, only to come through victorious.
= In another non-conference game the Lane College
Dragons although clearly out-played of the game
close and hard-fought victory the five
utes of play: 4o-34.
saCaptan Tops and co-Captan Proctor, Tougaloos
senior guards, led the team its first S. c. A. c. cham
pionshp, thereby leaving record for other captains
IF the Bulldogs to aim for.
6. Count Briggs, E. Lewis l.. Proctor. n Lewis and
AaTopps proved to b. the smoothest balhanders AID
best shots in the S. c. A c. we'll the greatest
to ever the Red and Blue Briggs the outstand
ing scoring for the Red and Blue while f. Lewis,
L. Proctor, and n. Lewis also turned good records r.
Neal was capable center. L. Fletcher and A. Tops
were good gualls. Others the winning Tougaloo
squad Charles and James billiard, Davis, Gardner
Nash, and Owens. Walter Duke Williams coached the
Afro-American courier. (Yazoo City, Miss.) 1926-19??, 1941-05-01
Louis Retains Heavyweight Crown;
Hoffman Protests Blow

The amazing Mr. Louis, erstwhile Brown Bomber
fstiana smashed out victory over the younger Oh
the Baer brothers retain the heavyweight championship
of the world in his seventeenth defense of the title Bud
DIV Baer lost the bout officially disqualification for
failing to return the battle in the seventh round, but
the colossus of California the District OF Columbia
fans thrill that but few have had the privilege OF eX-
periencng
In the early part of the first round the Bomber was
caught flush on the jaw by long looping left hook which
sent him hurng through the ropes to the astonshment
of the 900 amazed fans who had expected such eX-
posion from the the short end OF the III TO pet
ting odds After Waatherng furious and relentless at
taks by the CHAMPION Baer again boosted has STOCK Whe
he inflicted a nasty and bothersome cut around Louis
eye.
But the fury of a woman scorned is not to be com
pared that of embarrassed and enraged Joe Louis
The Bomber having taken count OF four IN the flrs
round and suffering cut for the first time IN his
ring set about to dispose of his dangerous oppon
as quickly possible. The assaults became more
vicious the aim precise the punches more deadly
the handwriting appeared the wall for the challenger
as his knees repeatedly buckled giving evidence that the
giant had begun to weaken.
AS the bell sounded for the sixth round Louis NOV
ed out for the kill Despite Baers efforts to counter at
tack the master repeatedly found his mark and towards
the middle of the round the ambitious Buddy Baer top
pied to the for count of six With nothing left
the will to hold the challenger cambered to his
and strove desperately to defend himself Another
punch connected Soldy ana lloofed te Caofhiah lor
count of nine (some claim tenn He arose again amid
the deafening pandemonum which rent the air in Grit
fifth Stadium The exact of what happened next
matter of dispute but Louis set in motion what has
been termed the most terrific punch Of his career the
bell sounded the blow landed, the challenger collapsed,
limp. His handlers hauled him to his corner.
Baer's manager, Anc Hoffman, claiming that the
blow struck after the bell sounded refused to with
draw the ring when asked to do by referee Dono
van whereupon Donovan disqualified the already badly
beaten Baer When the bell rang for the beginning
the round Louis out but there chal-
lenger to oppose him.
The bewldered and thrilled crowd, unable to under