davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1941-07-09
Aluminium Output Lag
Not His Fault, Says Iekes
BY the Associated Press


Secretary Ickes denied emphati-
cally yesterday that refusal OF the
Interior Department to supply more
electric power to the Aluminium Co.
of America had caused a lag IN
aluminium production.
A House military subcommittee,
discussing the companys failure to
get more power from Bonneville
Dam, had observed that "a squabble
at this time on the subject of
monopoly is tragic and sorry
spectacle, indeed"
In reply, Mr.. Ickes wrote Chair
man May of the full committee:
l. That Federal law ito prevent
the monopolization (of Bonneville
power by limited groups" made it
mandatory to withhold additional
power from the Aluminium Co. of
America.
2. That power not turned over
to Alcoa was instead made avail
able to the Reynolds Metal Co. for
immediate production of an equiv
alent amount of aluminium, thus
permitting two companies to manu-
facture the metal instead of one.
Evening star., 1941-07-09
BY the Associated Press

MOSCOW, July 9.-Great Britain
and Soviet Russia are fighting for
their independence and the liberia
ton of German-occupied countries
and will strain every nerve in an
effort to fulfill with honor the his
toric mission devolving upon them, F"
former Foreign Commissar Maxim
Litvinov said last night in broad
cast.
In his first public address since his
resignation prior to the signing of
the Russian-German pact in Au-
gust, 1899, Litvinov spoke in English,
directing his broadcast to England
and the United States.
(The National BroadcaSting Co.
arranged to rebroadcast the
speech in the United States, but
reported that atmospheric condi-
tionS prevented its reception)
Litvinov called on the British to
Evening star., 1941-07-09

henchmen, no promises or assur-
ances on their part, no declaration
of neutrality, no relations with them
whatsoever can provide a guaran-
tee against sudden and unprovoked
attack. There os no obliga-
ton, no humanity, there is MOTH
ing which distinguishes their civ
ilized society from the jungle.
The peoples of the Soviet Union
and Great Britain may still have in
store much suffering and privation.
Evening star., 1941-07-09
By LILLIAN cox ATHEY

The mosquito is public enemy No.
l In the insect world, as far as
human beings are concerned.
Through the agency of some men,
bers of the tribe, malaria is trans
mitted. Another mosquito borne
disease known as dengue fever has
at times caused heavy losses, and
still another member of the group
transmits a disease which affects
farm and blooded horses, bringing
the total loss to our budget each
year to a sum of $l45,525 900! Now,
l ask you, fellow citizens, if this is
not an amount sufficiently great to
be startling?
We are assured by authorities that
these pests are not more numerous
than they were hundred years ago,
but that we are gradually becoming
more aware of their presence and
their relation to certain diseases.
Though as taxpayers we spend about
Sl5,000000 for screens against the
mosquitoes, this outlay is almost a
total loss, as far as malaria control
is concerned. And we must also add
another S5OO0,O0O each year for Fed
eral and individual mosquito con-
troll other than screening. Just to
think how much happier we could be
without all the 60 species of mos
quitoeS in the United States. How
much good we could accomplish with
all the wasted millions they are
causing us to lose
There are known to be 500 differ
ent kinds of mosquitoes in the
world. Not more than six of these
are at all common near our dwell
lngs, and but four or five of them
are known to carry malaria, while
only one is guilty of spreading yel-
low fever.
Mosquitoes are found in fresh and
salt water. Indeed, the areas where
Evening star., 1941-07-09
Litvinov Urges British to Hit
Germany While Soviet Fights

strike at Germany untiringly. de-
claring that the Red Army now was
bearing the shock of Hitler's pow
erful war machine" and "the Eng
lish people are enjoying a certain
respite after II months of incessant
bombardment."
Each blow struck now will be
more effective than ever" he said.
Litvinov, leading champion of
the League of Nations who long
urged collective security in Europe,
lashed out bitterly against Nazi-
ism and Adolf Hitler.
Germany's declaration of war
against Soviet Russia has fur
nished the world with fresh and
overwhelming evidence that no
country can feel secure SO long as
Nazi-ism and Hitlerism exist" he
said.
mo agreement or treaty, no doc
uments signed by Hitler and his
Evening star., 1941-07-09
Natures Children
Mosquito
(Culex pipiens)

slightest disturbance of the water
will cause every wiggier to descend
to the bottom of his watery home
until it seems safe for his return
to fresh air
At the end of a week in hot
weather, the larva changes to the
form known as ''pupa." These crea-
lures are mostly head and thorax
with a slender abdomen. Six days
of this existence are sufficient and
the adult mosquito is cruising
through the air. Only the females
bite, they have a great weakness for
human blood. The last females
Matched in autumn hide away in
sheltered places for the winter,
awakening from their dormant state
in spring to carry on family ira
ditions.
Evening star., 1941-07-09

ordeals and disappointment of tenn
porary setbacks, but there can be no
doubt that they are conscious of
their responsibility. ."
Litvinov was replaced as Foreign
Evening star., 1941-07-09

who added the foreign portfolio to
the premiership, which he then
held. Since 1889 Litvinov has besh
almost in total eclipse. This spring
Joseph Stain succeeded MolotcS
as Premier.
Evening star., 1941-09-29
THIS AND THAT
BIZ Charles L. Trdce1Dell.

place on the stake the apron is placed,
and what degree angle the metal must
have.
Other persons have told this column
that they have tried this device in vain.
Perhaps the apron was not wide
enough, or the angle was too broad, or
the apron had been placed on the pipe
could leap over it.
Some friends of birds have gone to the
extent of electrifying wire, in order to
shock the squirrels out of the yard.
This will succeed, but there is some
risk in doing it, and it is wholly un-
necessary, as our correspondent proves.
The old apron method, provided it is
done properly. will do the work.
1t is against the whole spirit of bird
feeding to drive away the squirrels. And
the person who does it is depriving him
self Of some Of the real fun of the SUBJ
urban garden. 1t must be kept in mind
that city gardens rarely have squirrels.
1t is a privilege to have these fellows
"AIii AAiSi SOotos tllCAl lSllG CyC0J
their activity and their comical ways.
No greater acrobat exists than the gray
squirrel. To have this animal capering
in ones yard is to have a private circus
all ones own. because the performer
combines acrobatic stunts with a great
measure OF clownlike ability.
-
Another good way to keep the squirrels
from eating up all the sunfoWer seed is
to provide a separate table which is kept
stocked with peanuts.
II the rodents get to expecting to find
peanuts there, at some time of the day,
they will be in that vicinity most of the
time
They are so active that it is not often
one remains in bird feeding station for
hours at time. Usually one runs an
other out, takes his place, and is in his
turn chased away by another.
At times squirrels will desert a yard
for hours, or even days at time. No
doubt there is some good reason for this.
The squirrel nuisance, as some call
1t, is not constant by any means. Often
tliC Uli Us Will nave all the SeeO 10 ITeIn-
selves.
Separate feeders for the various crea-
lures is very good plan, as our cor
respondent shows when he set up feed
er for his mockingbird. doughnut is a
surefire mockingbird attractor in fall
and winter.
49,
We cannot agree with Mr.. A. that
water is more important than food for
the wintering birds but we understand
what he means.
Food is the prime necessity, on account
Of the cold, but certainly water is next
in Importance
A good way to provide it is to put out
shallow tray or pan filled with slightly
warm water. This is best put in the sun
in the afternoon, about 10 to 20 feet
away from the feeding station.
There will be a regular trail of birds
hopping from the one to the other. This
is pretty sight, and no doubt a most
felicitous thing for the songsters which
stay with us all winter
Evening star., 1941-09-29
Maritime Freedom

The simultaneous launching of
fourteen ships of Americas Liberty
Fleet should help in mobilizing
support for administration proposals
to modify or repeal the remnants of
the ill-conceived Neutrality Act of
1889. The cargo vessels which slid
down the ways Saturday compose
the first big contingent of a fleet of
1900 new merchant ships expected to
be in service by 1943 Some of these
merchantmen will be turned over to
Britain. All of them are destined to
take their places in the vital ocean
lifelines which the democracieS must
maintain if Axis aggression is to be
halted and eventually crushed.
Unless the so-called Neutrality Act
Is repealed or shorn of its major pro-
visions, the Liberty Fleet will be so
hedged about with outmoded restric-
tions that its name will be mockery
Of the facts. There will be very little
liberty, indeed, for such of these new
ships as venture forth under the
American flag. The 1889 statute will
prevent them from carrying vitally
needed leaSe-lend materiel to Eng
land and, even though they are at
tackled by submarine, surface raider
or bombing plane, it will prohibit
them from putting up any defense.
To get around these Illogical limita-
tions, it will be necessary for us to
continue the policy of Subterfuge
already in effect that of sailing
some of our ships under false colors.
Is it honorable for the United States
to raise the flag of Panama on our
Government-oWned merchant ships,
and thereby shift to our sister re-
public in Central America the pri-
mary responsibility for protesting
Nazi piracy?
President Roosevelt provided the
only straightforward and realistic
answer to this question when he pro-
posed at Saturdays ship launchings
tlldI lllc LIUSll W T 1teI N6SSSlS Sail LIE
seas "as they are intended to-
which means, he made plain, in &C
cordance with traditional principles
of freedom of the seas" In pursu-
ance of this policy, he declared,
America intends ito protect them
from torpedo, from shell or from
bomb" And it is to make this policy
effective that Mr.. Roosevelt plans to
ask Congress, probably this week, for
repeal, at the least, of the restriction
against arming of our merchant
ships, so that they may have the
protection described. He also may
ask that the ban against entry of our
vessels into certain war zones be
lifted. Both of these provisions have
outlived any possible usefulness
which their sponsors may have en-
visioned for them. Until they are
erased from the statute books our
Liberty Fleet will be held to a dan
gerously restricted field of service.
Evening star., 1941-09-29
Municipal Strikes

The State, County and Municipal
Workers of the Congress Of Indus
trial Organizations have taken a step
in decided conflict with the public
interest in creating machinery for
strikes in local governmental units
and public and private hospitals.
This move, according to the union,
represents no change in philosophy,
but simply Clarifies" a conStitu-
tional provision declaring that it is
not the policy" of the organization
to strike to attain its objectives. A
Identification" would seem to be
needed in view of the eight strikes
called by the organization in the
past year, despite the policy"
Significantly, however, it comes at
a time when strikes are threatened
in four communities, leading to fears
that what the organization actually
is doing is embarking on a more
militant course, and choosing to en-
phasize this by revising its constitu-
ton to establish rules and regulations
to govern strike procedure for local
unions.
Strikes are not to be called, it is
explained, until the union has ex-
hausted "all other methods to attain
its collective bargaining objectiveS." :"
This is only a concession to custom,
and does nothing to soften the fact
that the union proposes to cut off
vital services at any time such action
promises to bolster demands for
changes in working conditions. Ac-
cording to accounts from Lansing,
Michigan, where the union conven-
tion acted, the organization contends
that the way to avert strikes in gov
ernment is to amend the National
Labor Relations Act and State labor
laws to give public employees the
same collective bargaining rights en-
1oyed by those in private industry
There is scant likelihood that any,
thing Of the sort will be done. Con-
gress purposely excluded government
work from the provisions of the
Wagner Act, and President Roosevelt
more than once has declared fatty
that collective bargaining, as it is
generally understood, has no place
in government service. State gov
ernments can be expected to take the
same stand. In fact, with the recent
transit strike in Detroit-staged by
municipal employes-and the strike
Of electrical workers which blacked.
out Kansas City, fresh IA mind. tho
Evening star., 1941-09-29
Congressional Franks

The why's and WherefOreS of the
meandering mail bags that by-passed
the Nazi propaganda grand jury and
landed unclaimed on Capitol Hill are
not entirely clear, but the nature of
their contents and the circumstances
under which they came to light call
for thorough inquiry to determine
whether the congressional franking
privilege has been abused.
Crammed with copies of anti-war
speeches by isolationist members of
Congress, nclosed in postage-free
envelopes bearing the franks of these
congressman, the peregrinating
pouches seem to have started on
their strange journey to the House
Office Building from the headquar-
terS OF two iSolationiSt groups
which Department of Justice repre-
sentatives charge have received con-
tributlons from known German
agents" 1t is not unlikely that they
we're part and parcel of another COL
lection of the same sort of material
the Justice Department recovered
from still another anti-War group,
and has ticketed for submission to
the grand jury.
The only reasonable conclusion to
be drawn from the presence of this
material in the hands of these agen-
eies Is that 1t was intended for dis
tYibution in their isolationist cam
paign. But section 335 of the postal
laws says:
1T shall be unlawful for any person
entitled under the law to the use of
= frank to lend said frank or permit
Sbs use by any committee, organiza-
hon or association, or permit its use
by any person for the benefit or use
Of any committee, organization or
association" Committees composed
Of members Of Congress are excepted
from this prohibition, and the law,
strangely enough, provides no pen
atty for violation.
Because of this lack of teeth" the
hw may be houted with impunity-
and not infrequently is. II improper
usage h detected, the Post once DE-
Evening star., 1941-09-29
CHEVY CHASE, Md.

Dear Sir:
IT am a regular reader Of your column,
and was amused at your article in the
Friday issue re squirrels on bird feeding
stations, as I have had quite an expert
ence along this line.
First let me say I like squirrels, but
to feed them sunhower seed is expensive.
They never seem to get enough.
MY first feeding station was simply
nailed to a tree, and, of course, Mr..
Squirrel just parked there. Then I
suspended the station down from q limb
of the tree, but they jumped from an
other limb or trunk Of the tree and con-
tinued to feast
MY next plan was to get q piece Of
1L4-inch black pipe and anchor it in the
ground away from the trees. Had a
quarter-inch hole drilled near the top
OF the pipe to anchor the station.
II took a piece of wood by 16 inches
and nailed small tray on the bottom.
Using a piece of galvanized sheet
steel, I made conical shaped body about
6 inches wide at top. and tapered down
to about 2 inches at the bottom, and
around the tray nailed a. small strip of
metal l inch wide to hold the seed, and
as the birds eat from the tray, the other
seeds fall down from the body of the
tray.
Thinking I had out-smarted Mr..
Squirrel, put it up, and the next morn
ing. much to my disgust, here they were
sitting on the tray and thoroughly en-
joying themselves.
AT this point I remembered we used
to put piece of sheet metal around the
trunk of trees to keep cats from getting
into bird nests, so I made an apron
around the pipe which extended out
about IL inches
Then I watched the squirrels try to
get up. They would climb up to the
apron, get their front paws on the metal
apron, and then they would fall. They
kept this up for week, and then were
finally convinced they were out-witted
Il painted the whole thing green for
appearance, and tackled a twig under
meath the bottom of the tray, as the
birds seem to prefer this.
Il used to put suet on one side of the
feeder and an apple on the other, but
found the mockingbird kept all other
birds away, so now put suet and apple
in another place, and use only sunflower
seed. We have cardinals, chickadees
titmice. nuthatches, etc, and they stay
all winter.
Don't forget to put water out for the
birds in cold weather This is more i'm
portant than food as streams, bird baths
ETC., freeze and they can't get water
You will have to change water fire.
quently during the cold weather to keep
it from freezing
Yours truly, C. A. A."
y
This shows how easy it is to outwit the
squirrels without harming them.
What We would like to know would be
the exact measurements Of the stake, the
Evening star., 1941-09-29

red is for valor, zeal and fervency: the
white for hope, purity and rectitude of
conduct; the blue, the color of heaven,
for reverence to God, loyalty, sincerity,
justice and truth"
In this connection your attention is
directed to the publication entitled "The
Seal of the United States" edited by
Gaillard Hunt, and published by the
State Department in 1892, in which oc-
ours the following in connection with
the adoption of the great seal of the
United States, June 20, 1882:
The colours of the pales are
those used in the flag of the United
States of America; white signifies pur-
ity and innocence, red, hardness and
valour. and blue. the colour of the
Chief. signifies vigilance perseverance
and justice -"
1t would seem that the answer given
by Mr.. Haskin was taken from a PAM
phlet entitled, Flag of the United
States, The Living Symbol of Our Great
Republic" published by the American
Legion in 1924, in which occurs the
following:
'The colors of the flag may be thus
explained: The red is for valor, zeal
and fervency: the white for hope, purity,
cleanliness of life, and rectitude of con-
duct; the blue, the color Of heaven, for
reverence to God, loyalty sincerity, JUS
tice and truth"
However, you will notice that Mr..
Haskin's answer is not full quotation
in that Cleanliness of life" has been
omitted in connection with white.
I have no information as to how the
attributes of the colors were determined
by the American Legion in this publica-
ton, but it would seem that the action
of Congress to which have made refer
ence would be the controlling guide in
this connection, especially in view of
the fact that 1t is the only, so far as
known. instance of any national legisla-
toin on this subject.
ARTHUR L. BLAKESLEE.
Evening star., 1941-09-29
Gracious Gesture

Thirteen faded Confederate battle
flags and two swords have been re-
turned to the Southern States by
Michigan in generous act and one
OF particular significance at this
time. Having been captured in the
War Between the States, their return
now emphasizes the need for national
unity.
Official authority for the return OF
the flags and swords was given by
the State Legislature, making Michi-
gan one of the last Northern States
to take such action. Wisconsin and
Iowa are among the States still off,
cially possessing Confederate flags.
All OF the flags will be returned to
the States from which they were
captured except a few silk and cotton
banners, brittle with age, which his
torianS were unable to identify as
belonging to any specific State.
Those will be placed in the Confed-
crate Museum at Richmond, Virginia.
The men who captured the highly
cherished prizes of war were repre-
sented on the occasion of their re-
turn to the vanquished by members
OF the Michigan department of the
Grand Army of the Republic. The
Gray contingent at the exercises was
led by General julius Franklin How
ell OF Bristol, Virginia, ninety-five-
year-old commander of the United
Confederate Veterans, who saw in
the return of the relics "a most
gracious gesture, another link to
bind us closer together, if possible"
ITO bind up the Nations wounds"
was one of Lincoln's main OBJ
jectives, and in the South the
battle relics are not alone a
reminder of a reunited Nation, but
a warning that Americans should
never again let any issue plunge them
into factional armed conflict. Espe-
cially in hours Of peril like the pres
ent, Nation united behind its mill
tary forces is needed to attain that
most difficult aim which Lincoln de-
scribed as "a just and lasting peace
among ourselves and with all ma
tions."
Evening star., 1941-09-29
Bombing Exhibition

The bombing exhibition staged by
the Army Air Force at Barksdale
Field as climax to the first phase
of the Louisiana war games was a
convincing demonstration of the
thoroughneSs with which the air arm
has prepared against the possibility
of combat.
Since the first World War, the Air
Force has kept a careful record of
the results from every bomb that has
been dropped In consequence, given
the altitude from which the bombers
will operate and the size of the target
to be covered, it has been possible
to calculate precisely how many
bombs will have to be dropped to
achieve the desired result. The &C
curacy of this pattern bombing, Of
course, is based on the law of aver
ages. In one attack, all bombs con-
ceivably might miss. In another,
twice the number necessary may hit
the target. But If the demonstra-
ton at BarkSdale was in any sense
representative of what American
bombers can do, this Nation is well
prepared in the air for, the worst
that may come.
During the show 460 bombs were
dropped. The first attack was made
from $4,000 feet by twelve ships of
the Flying Fortress type, each carry
ing twenty 100-pound demolition
bombs. Next came an exhibition Of
precision bombing, also from $4,000
feet, by three medium bomberS of
the BIB type. Two of these ships
carried four 600-pound bombs, while
the third was loaded with two weigh
ing 1,l00 pounds each. In third
place on the bombing schedule were
eighteen Navy dive bombers, each
carrying one 500-pound bomb, and
starting its dive from nearly three
miles in the air The concluding
feature of the show, and perhaps the
most impressive, was the attack by
twelve A-20 type planes-light bomb
ers known to the British as the
Havocs. Each of these ships carried
sixteen l00-pound bombs, and at
tackled from 4,5O0 feet.
Under the strict secrecy which the
Air Corps maintains as to bombing
results, visitors were barred from the
target area, 900 by 1000 feet
after the show was over. But those
who watched the demonstration, de-
spite the fact that they were $500
feet away, felt no need OF a closeup.
The geysers OF earth which leaped
skyward as the bombs hit, nearly all
of them within the target area, left
little room for doubt as to the fate
of the los worn-out tanks which per-
formed their last service for the
Army in the role of targets for the
airmen.
Evening star., 1941-09-29

trend of legislation, if any, is more
than apt to be directed toward look
ing out for the public interest.
Public employees are no less en-
titled to fair treatment and decent
working conditions than are those
in private industry, and government
should be jealous in protecting these
rights. But public employment car
ries with it the obligation to serve
the public, and that is not done by
strikes that paralyze those services
on which communities must depend.