davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1941-08-23

ematical problems Of national de.
fense is group of Americas super
mathematicians headed by Prof
Marston Morse of the Institute fol
Advanced Studies at Princeton. Blu,
when they have found out how q
problem should be solved, when they
have reduced it to calculus OF
even arithmetic, it still requires the
brain of brass rather than of nerve
cells to get the instantaneous an.
swer essential in modern warfare.
This gun with a brain Is the
answer to their fondest dreams.
Evening star., 1941-08-23
American Mail Seizure
BY japanese Reported

By the Associated Press.
SHANGHAI, Aug. %. Uncon-
firmed reports tonight said japanese
authorities. who control the local
post office, were withholding TOO
bags of American mail which had
arrived here in the last month.
Evening star., 1941-08-23
Odds 5000, 900 to !
In His Favor, Belgian
Is Jailed in Theft

By the Associated Press.
BRUSSELS. Aug. 23.-With
the chances about 5000, 900 to /
in his favor, Louis van den Bor-
rem lost and was sent to Jail
yesterday for a year.
Van den Borren, an ambu-
lance driver at Ypres, took q
wrist watch from mans
body he was transporting.
He gave the watch to a
friend who took it to a shop to
exchange for a woman's watch.
Out of about 5000, 900 persons
in Belgium, the clerk was the
mans widow, who recognized
the watch.
Evening star., 1941-08-23
Death Decreed Rumdnions
For Acts of SABOTAGE

BERLIN, Aug. % LP)-The Boer-
sen Zeitung's Balkan correspondent
reported today a decree by Gen.
Ion Antonescu of Rumania that 20
Jewish and 5 non-Jewish Com
munists be shot for every act of
sabotage in Rumania attributable
to Communists.
Evening star., 1941-08-23
Germans Warn French
After Assassination
OF Army Colonel
All Prisoners Closed
As Hostages; New Death
DEGREES Announced
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
VICHY, Unoccupied France, Aug
s3.-German military authorities put
the lives of thousands of French
men in pawn today for any new vio-
lence following the assassination of
a German colonel in the Paris sub
way. and the Petain government
of unoccupied France followed an
earlier German lead by decreeing
death for Communists and anar-
chists.
But even while the roundups of
suspects continued, news reached
Vichy today of new train wreck
in the unoccupied zone at the en-
trance to the Valdonne Tunnel in
Mussat Plain yesterday. Thirty
miners were injured.
Police raids in Paris were report
ed to have turned from the working
class districts to the swank Champs
Elysees section of the eighth ar
rondiSSement.
Their progress was not disclosed,
however, following repercussions of
the first news that got out.
Claimed As Hostages.
In disclosing the fatal stabbing
of German officer in Paris Thurs
day, 1t. Gen. Ernest Won Schaum-
burg, German commandant Of the
city. announced that effective today
all Frenchmen under arrest would
be classed as hostages and lin case
of a new criminal act, number
of hostages corresponding to the
gravity of the act committed will
be shot"
The assaSSinatio followed the ar
rest of 5000 Jews, Communists and
De Gau,lists in Paris Wednesday
The victims identity was not dis
closed.
The Petain decree against Com
munists appeared in the official
journal today, although it was
drafted August IA, the same day
the Germans made Communist ac-
tivity in the occupied zone punish
able by death because of demon
strations and shootings in Paris
August II.
French Army or Navy courts
martial will handle the cases in
the unoccupied area, their verdicts
calling Ifor immediate execution
without possibility of appeal. The
decree applies to Communists and
Leftists who previously have been
subject op1v f0 civil courts
Prison for Minor Cases.
In lesser cases prison terms UP to
life may be ordered. and offenses
involving military or public officials
may be punishable merely by fines
This would imply that disaffection
also exists in official ranks.
Meanwhile, terror Minister
Pierre Pucheu resumed the whole
sale removal of mayors and liquida-
ton of township administrations.
nine mayors and 81 town councils
being ousted in the first action.
Charges ranged from insulting re-
marks concerning the person of
Marshal Petain" and hostility to
the work of national restoration" to
simple drunkenness"
Similar action had been taken
against municipal authorities some
time ago, but the campaign had
lapsed.
Today's regular Saturday cabinet
meeting was called early for an
nounced discussion of problems of
domestic policy"
An authorized source said the dis
cussion was based on information
gathered in Paris recently by Vice
Premier Darlan and M. Pucheu.
Evening star., 1941-08-23

Uncle Sans Atlantic patrol is
described in this series of articles
Uhich henceforth 1Dill be pub
hshed jointly ,Oith stories on the
occupation OF Ireland.
Evening star., 1941-08-23
Motor Oil From Tar

A coal mining concern In Sweden
plans to extract annually from coal
nearly 5000 tons of tar oils suitable
for motor operation.
Evening star., 1941-08-23
Lottery Helps Build Town

Funds from Cuba's national lot
terry helped reconstruct Bejucal
after the city had suffered great
damage from a windstorm.
Evening star., 1941-08-23

Districts traffic toll early today, and
Washington man was killed yes
terday in nearby Maryland.
The most recent local death was
that of James Edward johnson, SO,
colored, of the 1900 block of South
Capitol street, who. died today in
Casualty Hospital of injuries suf-
fered Tuesday when he was struck
by an automobile at Massachusetts,
avenue and d street NE.
Edmond r. Ruedi, jr., of 4l18
Evening star., 1941-08-23
Traffic

Continued From First Page)
Evening star., 1941-08-23

(To be continued0
Evening star., 1941-08-23
La Toilette DissentS,

One diSsenter to the current base
broadening proposal was Senator
La Toilette, Progressive, of Wiscon-
Evening star., 1941-07-20
| 4-ChHd Family
| Suggestion Hit
lAs Dangerous
a.. n..o.;ataJ praSs

By the Associated Press.
The recommendation of Harvard
professor for four-children families
brought from a population expert
yesterday an assertion that the pro-
posal was ''unwittingly one of the
most dangerous that could be sug-
gested."
Prof. Carle c. Zimmerman made
the suggestion in an address at
Cambridge last Wednesday, saying
the Nation would be hampered in
a war era by weakened and de-
cadent familism"
Guy Irving Burch, director of the
Population Reference Bureau, chal-
lenged the proposal in statement,
estimating that four child family
system would increase the popula-
ton 100 100000 during the next hun
dred years.
Mr.. Burch said that before urging
a population increase some means
should be found for supporting the
population we already have"
Evening star., 1941-07-20

thus begins to take form, it must
be noted that it is far from being
translated into fact at the moment.
Indeed it is quite possible that
necessity has compelled the Ger
mans to concentrate their main
efforts in the north, and that if they
do succeed in widening the Smolensk
salient and surrounding or driving
back the Russian armies in the
north, they will then proceed on
ward toward Moscow, hoping after
taking the capital with its vast web
of rail and road communications to
be able to deal with the central and
southern Russian armies on a vast
enVeloping movement commencing
on a front Moscow -Smolensk and
aided by pressure on the Kiev front
and the smaller enVeloping move
ment coming along the coast of the
Black Sea from BeSsarabia.
Meanwhile they might hope that
the fall of Moscow would produce
such weakening of Russian morale,
ana OF tne internal structure OF the
Soviet state, that resistance would
gradually collapse from lack of in
ternal support. In this connection,
the restoration in the Russian armed
forces of the system of political
commiSSars cannot but be disquiet-
ing to western minds, suggesting as
it does the possible weakening of
morale and even possible disaffec-
ton among the officer corps.
Whether the anxieties are justified
or not remains to be disclosed; |;
sometimes it is difficult for west
erner to assess the psychological
values and stresses incident TO the
semi-Oriental affairs of Russia.
Copyright, 1941. BY New York Tribune }
Evening star., 1941-07-20
Nozis Believed Aiming to Cut
Red Armies Into Three Parts
Strategy Beginning to Reveal Itself, but
Is Far From Becoming Fact, Eliot Says

can collect strong counter attack
forces, they may be able to debouch
from this river front with telling
effect against the flank and rear of
the German troops in the vicinity
of Vitebsk.
Once again, however, must be
pointed out the difficulty of doing
anything like this in the face of
superior air power, which not only
provides a means of dealing quickly
with such threat and at least de-
laying it, but also robs it of the
element of surprise.
On the Kiev front, the situation
remains obscure, with the Germans
making no very definite claims and
the Russians asserting that they
are holding fast. Farther south,
however, the Germans claim that
with their Rumanian allies BeSSa-
rabia has been pretty well overrun,
and that they have crossed the
Dniester River at several points.
This latter claim is interesting.
The Dniester is a formidable mill
tary obstacle. but it is no more
than an obstacle 1t formed the
old Russian frontier as against Ru-
mania. and its defensive organiza-
ton was highly developed. However,
a river line in itself is not as strong
position as may be supposed;
there are not many instances in
military history of river line being
successfully defended, there are in
numberable instances of river
line being successfully forced by
determined attack. 1t is Only when
a river is used as one element OF a
defensive position, and when full
mobility for counterattack can be
assured to defending forces kept
we'll in hand for the purpose, that 1t
becomes a really useful adjunct to
an Army forced for the moment to
adopt a defensive attitude.
There is no means of preventing
crossings at various points by de-
termined foe; the real value OF the
river is that it tends to cut of the
elements which have crossed from
their supports, at least in point of
time, and so enables those which
have crossed to be beaten in de-
tail before they can be reinforced.
This implies an active, offensive
element in the defense; and the
Russians have shown that they un-
derstand that principle we'll enough.
Rivers Value Diminished.
However, it is to be pointed out
that air power, highly developed
engineers with plenty of bridge
equipment, and amphibian tanks,
all tend to diminish the value of
rivers as military obstacles. and that
both in Poland and in France the
Germans performed almost miracul-
Gus feats of quickly bridging rivers
under fire, covered by the opera
tions of their air forces.
With these remarks on river
lines in general, it may be pointed
out that a serious irruption across
the Dniester would begin to threaten
the extreme left of the long Rus
sian line, just as the extreme right
is now threatened; and if the Ger
man push toward Kiev can be got
ten underway again, the result will
actually be to break the Russian
armies into three parts-that north
of the Smolensk salient, that be-
tween the Smolensk salient and the
yet-to- be- accomplished Kiev SAL
lent, and that south of the latter.
But while general German plan
Evening star., 1941-07-20
Radio
Continued From First Page.)

paratus' use is to be limited to re-
ceiving signals or whether it will
be used also for transmission is
something the State Department
and the Federal Communications
Commission are unwilling to dis
euss. Section 310a of the Communi-
cations Act forbids the licensing of
q transmitting station controlled
BY foreign government or its rep
resentative, but the problem has
never arisen whether diplomatic
mission needs a license.
The British Embassy has a re-
teiving apparatus of moderate power.
One factor in the considerable size
of the Soviets' apparatus is that it
rs diversified receiver, which can
catch a signal that the ordinary
receiver would not be able to get.
Plan Is Reciprocal.
The State Department authorized
construction of the apparatus so the
Soviet government would approve
similar construction by the Amer
ican Government in Russia if the
United States wanted one. The
Navy Department for three years
has been broadcasting to American
Embassies and Legations a news
bulletin prepared by the State De-
partment. Already this short-wave
bulletin service reaches Moscow. but
there Is no transmission from Mos
COW to Washington.
A Soviet Embassy spokesman said
There was nothing about the sta
ton that was worthy of public in
kerest in 1t.
"Just some people listening to
The news from Moscow" he said.
Evening star., 1941-07-20

and advance training at a nearby
base now under construction.
A contingent of 27s colored en-
listed men will be moved from
Chanute, Ill, to serve as ground
crews at the detachment's base.
The school here is one Of AZ that
make up the Southeastern Center.
General Weaver told the cadets
that the eyes of your country and
the eyes of your people are upon
you" and "the success of the ven-
ture depends upon you"
DR.. F. D. Patterson, Tuskegee In
stilute president, referred to the OPP
portunity given Negroes to par
tlcipate in the Air Corps program
as an example of American democ-
racy, and said the Julius Rosenwald
Foundation made possible the pur-
chase Of land for construction Of
the preliminary training unit.
Evening star., 1941-07-20
Halifax Says Nazis
Now Rely on Subs
To Conquer Britain
Tells Marine Engine
Workers Their Efforts
Will Help Crush Hitler
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
SAN FRANCISCO, July 19-Lord
Halifax told TOO men producing
marine-type engines today that the
Nazis have turned from the plane
to the submarine in an attempt to
conquer England
In view of this, the British AM
basSador declared, Il don't know of
anything more important from
Great Britain's viewpoint than the
work you are doing" He meant
that England needs subchasers-
craft powered with the type of en-
gine the men were building.
Lord Halifax talked to the work.
men of the Hall-Scott marine
engine works at Berkeley, while on
tour of plants turning out war
and defense materials.
Says Unity Will Bring Results.
IF you do your BIT as we are
doing ours" he said, I'VE can bring
that Nazi business to an end.
You may read of Hitler's great
success in various parts of Europe,
but not until he manages to bring
down Great Britain with one of
his weapons will he be any nearer
to solution than he is today.
Every time you produce an en-
gine you can think you are doing
something directly to keep the flag
of liberty flying"
Later, at the huge Todd-Califor-
MIA Shipyards at Richmond, a plant
building ships for Britain, Lord
Halifax accepted with a smile and
placed on his head one of the he'll
Evening star., 1941-07-20
Texas Plant Labor Row
Conferees DeadIocked
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
Howard Colvin, Southern regional
director of the Labor Department
Cancellation Service, said last night
efforts to reach a settlement of diff
ferences over collective bargaining
in the Gulf States Utilities Co.
plant. Beaumont. Tex, were unsuc-
cessful in yesterdays conference.
Just what the next move will be
is to be decided Monday" Mr.. Col
win said after a lengthy meeting
with representatives of the COM
pany and the International Brother
hood of Electrical Workers CA. F. of
l. broke up at about 8 pm.
The company has refused to rec
ognize the A. F. of L. union, de-
claring it had an agreement with
an independent union.
Mr.. Colvin said there was a Dos
slolllty the representative would
reconvene early next week
Evening star., 1941-07-20
First Flying School
For CoIored Cadets
Dedicated by Army
Course at Tuskegee Will
Eventually Graduate
100 Pilots Annually
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
TUSKEGEE, Ala, July 19.-The
United States Army's first flying
school for colored cadets was dedi-
Gated today, marking the formal
beginning of the goth Pursuit
Squadron which within few
months will take its place in the
Nations defense forces.
Standing in the shadow of
monument dedicated to Booker T.
Washington, noted leader of their
race, members of the first class of
colored cadets were told by Mai.
Gen. Walter R. Weaver, command
ing the Southeast Air Corps Train
ing Center:
What Booker T. Washington
stood for, especially the principles
of work, attention to duty, loyalty
to cause-With those in front of
you, you cadets cannot help but
be inspired"
The first class is composed of 10
men, but eventually the school will
be turning out 100 pilots annually.
They will go through five wetks of
pre-fiight training, followed by the
usual 80 weeks of primary, basic
Evening star., 1941-07-20

NETS used by steelworkers and ship
builders.
Promises More Intensive Bombing.

mo single industry is more vital
to, us than shipbuilding, he told
about 500 workers. And none are
more deserving than the merchant
seamen of all nationalities who have
been working with u.s.
He promised them that Hitler
will know more about bombing in
the next six months than he has
ever known before" because I'VE
will be able to give Hitler back as
good, or better than, he has been
giving US"
Some one in the crowd shouted
"A big cheer for Halifax" and the
throng responded. The Ambassador
said II promise you that our people
are determined with your help to
pull this thing off and make an
end of Hitler"
Evening star., 1941-07-20
Caught JoywoIking,
Mayor MeekIy Obeys
Officers Hey, You

By the Associated Press.
CLEVELAND, July 19.-Traf-
fic Patrolman George Swan
singer, conscious of the i'm
portance of the city's anti
jaywalker campaign, saw tall
thin man step from between
two parked automobiles and
head for the Public Library.
"Hey, you," shouted Officer
Swansinger.
The man turned. 1t was
Mayor Edward Blythin, who
naeekly went over to the proper
orosswalk.
Evening star., 1941-07-20


o
Who to
a lnd A P.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-01-12
Death Duel
F a AIMED Hunter Killed
by Rhino He SlerD
International New. Service wire

JERSEY CITY. N. j.. Jan. II.
Charles Cottar. former Okla
homa farmer who migrated to AT
RIGA to hunt big game, is dead
today-the victim of rhinoceros
he shot and killed.
Cottar was gored by the animal
in Nairobi. Kenya Colony, Septem-
Der Z. according to a letter re-
ceived by John Hansen, a Jersey
City taxidermist, from the noted
hunters son. Ted.
After migrating TO Africa In
1910, Cottar quickly won fame as
a big game hunter and has been
the hunting companion of the Duke
of Windsor and King George VI
as well as the Americans. Martin
Johnson, Woolworth Donahue and
Phil Plant.
The letter disclosed that Cottar
was out taking motion pictures
with another son, Bud when the
pair separated, and added
dad was charged by a rhino
and went down fighting TO the
last. His first shot found its
mark but the rhinO did not fall
>until ii got him."
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-01-12
Naval Recruits
Classes Monday

The first class for naval recruits
at the Ford Trade School will
open Monday with an enrolment
of 240 recent graduates of the
Great Lakes Naval Trainin G
School.
Courses in various types OF
metalSmith, electrical and machine
work and pattern making will be
taught.
Lieut.. Commander Carson r.
Miller, recruiting officer here, an
nounced courses for aviation =
chlnists and aviation metalsmiths
are expected to be added within
a few weeks.
The faculty is made up of naval
men. Grounds, equipment and
barracks for 1000 men were o.
mated by Henry Ford.
Naval enliStmentS from this
area are averaging approximately
80 week AT least 60 per cent
of the present enlistment is in
aviation, Miller said
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-01-12

OF the men who made Poland
great.
Looming above the display is a
gigantic figure of Count Pulaski,
who died fighting with the Ameri-
cans in the Revolution
Most important part Of the
weeks program is the showing
twice daily al p. m and at 10
p. m, of the moving pictures Of
the destruction of Poland
Saturday afternoon there we're
flag drills by school children.
songs and the official introduction
of the festivals song. In Polish
Village, written by c. w. Chy-
linski program director
Pretty Esther DanielSki of l0317
Van Dyke avenue. who sold 10.317
/ tickets for the festival. was
crowned its queen and in the eve
ming the Rumanian soprano PA
Icy sang the famous Halka
Each afternoon there will be
dancing from 5 to 7 o'clock
Scheduled for midnight Satur-
day were visits from scores OF
Detroit night club entertainers 10
help make the festival gay.
The midway was crowded all
day. 1t is the old-faShioned kind
where you may win teddy bear.
throw rings over pegs eat copi-
ouSly
Sundays program Is dedicated
10 JugoSlavia and IN the evening
the famous "Lira" will be sung.
There will be dancing in costume
and folk songs as well.
In the afternoon students of Mt
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-01-12
Bill 10 tegd|iz
Bookies Drafted

A bill legalizing betting hand
hooks and outlining distribution of
license fees to governmental units
win be introduced at Mon d y
nights session of the state Legs
lature by Reps William Buckley
and Edward Walsh of Detroit
The bill calls for a daily So
license fec for handbooks of Which
the state disqualification program
would receive so per cent. local
communities IS per cent and the
county Is per cent, Operation Of
handbookS would be subject 10
local option.
Buckley said he will introduce
the bills as the result of grand
Jury disclosures of conspiracy be-
tween gamblers and law enforce
ment officers. Other bills to be
submitted provide for licensing Of
slot machines and other gambling
equipment.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-01-12

Pleasant Teachers College will
give a demonstration of old
fashioned American dances using
their own orchestra and caller of
figures.
Monday is international Day at
the festival. with Swedish. Spanish
and Polish choruSeS furnishing
music and dancing. Tuesday is
British Day. when Scotch pipers
Will play and Vice Consul L. c.
Bray will be guest of honor.
Wednesday is dedicated to Fin
land. and present will be some OF
the Finnish white robed soldiers
who repealed the Russians. Nine
Pia Icy viii sing some Sibelius
music and George Heideman. Fin
nish CONSUL. will be guest.
Thursday is dedicated to France
Friday to Rumania ana Saturday
10 Greece Sunday, January 80
closing day. viii be another inter
national celebration
OF great interest here is the fine
art exhibit which was shipped here
from New York in six freight cars,
1t includes fine paintings, bronzes
marbles, ceramics. modern furni-
ture and relics $500 years old
There are finely peasant-carved
roo, 'c shrineS. Polish textiles
Had not the collection been here
in America because of the World
Fair most of the museum pieces
would have undoubtedly been de-
Stroyed.
Price Of admission TO the feSti.
vi. is 8 ccnfs
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-01-12

amfS mayor Alexander Orr Jr.
and other city, stair and county
officials. He spoke 10 the crowd Of
more than 10000 at the air races
over a public addHesS=sesteaa=aa and
received a spontaneous and cnthu-
SiaStic ovation
His royal highncSs carefully
Sliirled ali mention of war In a
short press conference. but said
the British people Are eFatified
at the cooperation the United
States is lending lie termed
President RooseyeltS recent adj
dress pledging more aid 10 Britain
very interesting but Smilingly
added my official comment would
have 10 come through regular
British diplomatic channels
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-01-12
Duke in u. S. for Air Races;
Duchess I'LL, Stays Home

MIAMI, Fla. Jan 1l.-"Ilappy
10 be in the States again the
Duke of Windsor visited Miami's
thirteenth annual All American
-AirRaccs this afternoon.
The duke said The duchess had
slight cold and could not accom-
pany him here. lie landed at
Municipal Airport al 2.09 p. m
and left two hours later in the
red and silver Bahamas AiEways
amphibian which brought hun here
from Cat Cay. =.
! lie said he expected 10 spend
several more daps at Cat Cay. a
small resort island 50 miles off the
Florida coast. whore he has been
fishing
The duke vas greeted hy Mi