davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1941-02-18
Women Join in Fighting
At Pickefed Indiana Plant
pn,l, A,rociotaJ pres.

Bv the Associated Press.
RICHMOND, Ind, Feb. 18-Po-
lice forced their way through strlk-
ing members of the Farm Equip
ment Workers Organizing Com
mittee &C. I. o. as they escorted
200 workers into the Richmond
plant of the International Har-
vester Co. here this morning.
A tear gas shell was. exploded,
but Police Chief Ellis Duckett said
it was an accident.
Extra police we're placed about the
plant after several disorders we're
reported in the picket line. Woman
strikers scuff1ed with woman ONCE
workers attempting to enter the
place before the police cleared a
way.
Clifford Kerr. local union presi-
dent, protested the police action
but Mr.. Duckett said he was going
to see that the picketers complied
with the law and allowed non
strikers to enter the plant.
Mr.. Duckett said the union head
declared he was going to appeal TO
Gov. Henry F. Schricker.
The strike started yesterday. The
union voted two weeks ago to strike
unless the concern granted elimina-
ton of piece work, higher minimum
hourly pay and bonuses for drafted
workers.
About 1900 workers are employed
in production of dairy equipment
and parts for tractors and other
farm machinery assembled in other
Harvester plants.
Evening star., 1941-02-18
Doctors Acting as Guinea Pigs
To Test Defense Chemicals

The animal experiments are care
fully studied and only supposedly
safe exposures permitted. There is
also, however, the element of the
unknown and the possibility that the
volunteers will develop some in
sidious form of poisoning.
AS an example, DR.. Neal cited
tuluol, used as basis Of explo-
sives, which now is being synthe-
sized in great quantities from pc
troleum residueS. 1t also has been
widely used as a constituent OF
cleaning fluids.
DR.. Neal urged that State indus
tffal hygiene officers start systematic
examinations of men actually in in
dustries using some of these chemi-
Gals.
J. j. Bloomfield, sanitary engineer
of the Division of Industrial Hy-
giene, told of plans for a $667 900
cooperative program with the
States for research, training of per-
sonnel and establishing State serv-
ices for industries.
Among the projects to be inau-
gurated is that of training person.
mel by setting up courses in colleges
scattered over the country.
Evening star., 1941-02-18
By THOMAS r. HENRY.

Volunteer physicians and chemists
at the National Institute Of Health
at Bethesda are making themselves
human guinea pigs to test the effects
of a large group Of new chemicals
which have come into wide use in
defense industries.
This was revealed today by DR..
Paul D. Neal, head of the Industrial
Hygiene Laboratory, at an industrial
medicine conference held at the
Public Health Service.
More than 100 chemicals with un-
known effects on workers exposed
to them now are being used on a
large scale, DR.. Neal said In the
past, efforts have been made to test
their effects on laboratory animals,
chiefly guinea pigs and rabbits.
But this is a slow process, he
said, in a national emergency. 1t
is impossible to translate directly
the effects of a chemical on rab-
bit to those on human being. The
animals are used first. If a sub
stance is found not to be too poison
GUS volunteers are asked for.
So far as possible, DR.. Neal said,
the men are protected from risk.
Evening star., 1941-02-18
MANY in London Shelter Killed
As Bomb Crashes Through Roof
Nozis Paying Heavily Rising Price for Raids,
British Soy, Citing BoIstered Defense

of an electric eye directing anti
aircraft guns;
2. Increasing experience of CUR
crews and picked night fighters op-
Grating in the dark.
8. A new night defense scheme.
The Air Ministry bulletin did not
disclose details of the methods be-
Ing used to find and stalk night
raiders, however.
At least two of last nights bag
were felled by ground fire, but the
Air Ministry credited six raiders tC
night fighter planes since December
%, although raids were on a light
scale" Last November, when they
came in hundreds night after night
the total for the whole month was
only IA.
There were clouds and no moon
last night. The Air Ministry News
Service, however, gave this first per-
son account of a battle in the dark
in which British fighter pilot hac
to loop and turn to get into position
above his slower opponent:
Il closed in for the attack ano
opened fire Immediately.
Flashes and sparks of brilliant in
tenSity almost blinded me
but I kept on firing at the flashes
The German machine crashed
on land and some of the crew were
taken prisoner"
Besides London. raiders bombed
Evening star., 1941-02-18
Nomuru Aide Raised
To Ronk of Minister
By the Associated Press.

BY Inc Associated Press.
TOXIC. Feb. 18-The Foreign
Ofhce announced today that Ka-
name Wakasugi, chief adviser to
Admiral Kichisaguro Nomura, new
Ambassador to the United States, has
been raised to the rank of Envoy
Extraordinary and Minister Plenipo-
tentiary.
Mr.. Wakasugi was Consul General
at New York City until about four
months ago. when he was recalled
to Toxic for service in the Foreign
Office. He returned to the United
States with Ambassador Nomura as
political adviser.
His appointment as aide to the
new envoy was regarded as signifi-
cant by Toxic observers in view of
Mr.. WakaSugis reputation as one of
the best-informed japanese on
United States affairs.
Prior to holding the New York
post he was Consul General at San
Francisco.
Evening star., 1941-02-18
Denmark Will Protest
Confiscution of Ships
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
COPENHAGEN (via Berlin). Feb.
18.-The government of Denmark
has decided to protest against con-
f1scation of three Danish steamships
by the Chilean government, DNB,
the official German news agency, re-
ported yesterday.
The Foreign Ministry, DNB said
had instructed the Danish Minister
to Chile to submit energetic pro-
test" and demand restoration of the
ships.
The Chilean government seized
three Danish vessels-the Frida,
Lota and Belga-Saturday, promis-
ing to indemnify their owners and
declaring they would be used to car
ry on commercial exchange with
other foreign countries"
Evening star., 1941-02-18
Defense Zones Set UE
To Tighten Control
OF u. ). Naval Bases
Roosevelt Issues Orders
Affecting Pacific and
Caribbean Areas
BY JOHN c HENRY.

Defense zones in which ships and
aircraft may be operated only
through express regulation by the
Secretary of the Navy have been set
up in four Pacific areas and one
Caribbean sector. it was disclosed
today with publication of five execu-
tive orders signed by President
Roosevelt.
First of the prescribed zones is in
the Alaska area and takes in the
islands of Kiska and Unalaska. The
second covers Kaneoahe, Hawaii.
The third covers a series of mid
Pacific islands, including Palmyra,
Johnston, Midway, Wake and King
man Reef. The fourth covers three
islands in the far Pacific-Guam,
Tutuila and Rose. The fifth order
applies to Culebra Island, off Puerto
Rico.
The executive orders define the
defense areas closely and specify
that only public" vessels and pub
lie" aircraft of the United States
shall be permitted within any of the
prescribed limits unless express au-
thorization is given by the Secre-
tary of the Navy.
The orders, dated February IA, are
to become effective 80 days from
that time.
COnfers With Naval Leaders.
AS President Roosevelt took this
latest step to tighten defense pre-
cautions at strategic ocean points,
he conferred this morning with two
high-ranking naval officers. They
CSee DEFENSE. Page A-l6)
Evening star., 1941-02-18
Plot 10 Ruin 6. H. A.
Charged and Denied
Al Doctors Trial
AdmissibiIity Of Soeiety's
Minutes in Evidence
Studied by Judge
BY HAROLD b. ROGERS.

Distinguished doctors, defendants
in the antitrust medical trial in
District Court, today heard them
selves called a gang of powerful
men" full of hatred" and defended
as honest and decent men" who
exercised, under the Constitution
the rights of free speech and free
dom OF the press.
The court battle over group med
ical practice produced a heated ex-
change between counsel during ar
gument over admissibility of volu-
mlnous minutes of the Medical So
ciety of the District.
These minutes, it was charged by
John Henry Levin Of prosecution
counsel, showed step by step exactly
how these defendants plotted day
after day, night after night" in
their alleged efforts to destroy"
Group Health Association. medical
cooperative of Government en-
ployes.
Conspiracy Charged.
Mr. Levin insisted they be ac-
cepted in evidence by Justice James
M. Proctor to support the Govern
ments charge that the American
Medical Association, the District
Medical Society and 20 individual
doctors had conspired against Group
Health Association in criminal vio-
lation of the Antitrust Act.
There is not a scintilla Of proof
or evidence in these minutes" re-
torted William E. Leahy, defense
counsel, who declared the minutes
showed deliberations of the doctors
under their constitutional right OF
free speech and free press.
The defendants also were repre-
sented by Seth Richardson, who
contended that the minutes were
not admissible in the first place
that, even if they were, they were
only admissible as to the corporate
acts of the society, and that nothing
representing alleged quotations from
doctors in the meetings could b'
admitted, as it would be in the
nature of hearsay evidence.
| Justice Proctor took the question
of admissibility under advisemen'
as court recessed at noon until 2 pm
Sharp criticism was levelled at the
defendants by Mr.. Levin. Describ-
ing the medical society meetings
Mr.. Levin said:
They were supposed to be at
tending the sick, but they were
down there busily playing medlca
politics, aroused with hatred anc
bitterness. conducting fight tt
drive their competitors out of the
field. humble them, drive them ou'
of the hospitals.
This was not any tea party. Thi;
was a gang of powerful men backed
by powerful associations, Nation
wide, recording what they did for
purpose" Mr.. Levin continued.
Replying to defense counsel's con-
tention the minutes were irrelevant
MI. Levin asserted: Read a few
paragraphs and you will see that Il
is right on the nose" He referred
| (Cee MEDTCAI page A-17)
Evening star., 1941-02-18
By DON 8. WARREN.

Adoption of sliding scale tax
plan for fixing contributions" by
District employers to finance jobless
benefit payments under the District
Unemployment Compensation Act
was recommended today by the D.
U C. Board, together with some in
crease in the scale of benefit pay
mentS.
Under the plan, which was con-
sidered last year by the McGehee
Subcommittee of the House District
Committee, the tax rate for Wash
ington employers would be reduced
to one-half of l per cent, at least
for time. The present fiat rate
tax is 27 per cent Of the employer S
pay roll
The legislative plan is substan-
;ially the same as was suggested by
the board about a year ago, but
which was laid aside when Congress
amended the act to reduce the tax
payment from per cent to 2.7 and
raised the scale Of benefit payments.
Based on Trust Fund.
The sliding scale tax plan is based
fundamentally on the amount Of
the trust fund account Of the board,
or its surplus in revenues over bene-
fit payments.
The tax rate automatically would
be fixed at one-half of l per cent
of the employer pay roll when the
amount of the surplus was four
times the highest amount Of benefits
paid out to the eligible jobless for
any one Of the preceding 10 years.
If the surplus was three times the
highest benefit year payment, the
tax rate would be automatically II
per cent; if the surplus was twice the
highest benefit payment total. the
tax would be per cent, and If the
surplus was less than twice the
highest years benefit total, the rate
would be 81 per cent. Any such
tax rate changes would be ap-
plicable to all employers alike.
$50 Maximum Urged.
Maximum benefit payments to
eligible jobless persons now are sl8
a week for 19 weeks. Under the
proposed new scale the benefit
maximums would be raised to $40
a week for 20 weeks.
AS of February l, the D. U. c.
Board had a surplus Of S1e,678. 5000
The trust account increased during
the past year despite the increase
in benefit payment maximums and
the reduction in the employer tax
rate last year.
Receipts during the past year
amounted to some S5,900000. Bene-
fit payments totaled about $4,000
900. The board also turned over tc
the Railroad Retirement Board
about 100000.
Therefore, even including the
payments to the Railroad Retire
ment Board, the District had a nei
surplus for the year of about $780,
900. This included S457 900 in in.
terest on the trust fund.
Freezing" of Credits Urged.
The new plan would eliminate
from the act a provision for lex
perience rating" system under
which employers or groups OF en-
ployers are supposed to be assessed
in keeping with their own expert
ence as to the load they place on
the benefit fund.
One further change suggested by
the D. U. c. Board would freeze
credits of men called into military
training, so that when they came
back to private employment they
would not lose the benefit in jobless
payments which would result from
their working experience here.
Evening star., 1941-02-18
Japanese, Offering
To Mediate Any War,
Accuse u. s., British
Tension in Pacific Luid
To Democrocies' Acts;
WeIIes Makes Reply
B, the Associated Press.


TOXIC, Feb. 18-Japan declared
today her readiness to mediate in
any conflict anywhere in the world"
but blamed American and British
"warlike preparations" for tension in
the Pacific and suggested that the
United States confine "its activities
in this respect" to the Western
Hemisphere.
The governments Official spokes-
man, Koh Ishii, handed representa-
tives of the world press a statement
insisting Japan's intentions were
peaceful. The mediation reference
was in sweeping terms:
Japan Is fully prepared to act as
mediator or take whatever action is
calculated to recover normal con-
ditions not only in greater East Asia,
but anywhere in the world"
Ishii said later this was not to
be interpreted as an offer of medi-
alton, but rather an expression of
willingness to accept an invitation
to act in such a capacity.
No Mention of China War.
The statement gave no indication
of what Japan proposed to do to
end her 43-month-old war with
China or of any other definite ac-
ton or change of policy contem-
plated. Japan now is engaged in
mediating in the Thailand-F French
Indo-China conflict.
The japanese, Ishii said, can
not help feeling a certain amount
of anxiety if not misgivings as to
the Warlike preparations of the
British and American governments
to meet supposed contingencies in
the Pacific and the South Seas"
Reports concerning these move
ments" he attributed to American
and British sources, and continued:
IF the American Government
could be persuaded to restrict its
activities in this respect to the
Western Hemisphere and avoid
causing anxiety unnecessarily in the
minds of the Japanese people, the
situation would, indeed, be greatly
mitigated."
No Indication of Motives.
Observers were given no oficiaI
indication of motives for Japan:
Pacific gesture, but japanese leader,
and newspapers have expressed
rising concern over the attitude o.
the United States and Britain, espe.
cially evidences of those powers op.
position to Japan's program fol
(See JAPAN, Page A-40
Evening star., 1941-02-18
Freezing Cold Chins
Nation From Plains
To Atlantic Coast
New Low Of II Degrees
Is Predicted for
Capital Tonight
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
Cold that drove the mercury to 81
degrees below zero in Devils Lake,
N. Oak, chilled the Nation from the
Plains States to the Atlantic today.
A seasonal low of II degrees was
predicted for the Capital tonight.
A foot and a half of snow fell in
Upper Michigan and 8 inches in
Western New York, blocking roads.
Some schools were closed in Mime
sofa and Western New York be-
cause of impossible roads. High
winds whipped up drifts that barri-
caded motorists in Wisconsin and
made driving dangerous in other
States.
The cold air mass covered the
Northern Plains States, the upper
Mississippi Valley, the upper Great
Lakes region and Indiana. Wide
spread light to moderate SHOWS fell
from the Great Lakes region east
ward to Southern New England and
the Southern Atlantic States. Sub
zero cold hit Maine.
Southern Temperatures Drop.
With the exception of a slight rise
in Southern Florida. Southern tenn
peratures dropped to II degrees
overnight, the freezing extending to
Tennessee and North Carolina. Most
of the South was cloudy.
Continued cold was forecast for
the stricken area. Chicago. which
had the coldest day of the year
when the mercury hit zero, was eX-
pected to have from 4 to 8 below
tonight.
North Dakota temperatures ranged
from 81 to 20 below South Dakota
readings were from Is to below
Most Minnesota highways were icy
and temperatures ranged from 81
below in the north to Is below in
the south.
A 26-mile- e-an-hour wind piled up
snowdrifts that blocked secondary
roads in West Central Wisconsin.
Eau Claire had 20 below, Green Bay
3 below and Milwaukee 7 below last
night.
Snow in Upper Michigan.
Snowfall measured from 5 to l8
inches in the Upper Michigan
peninsula and II inches at Hough-
tor Lake on the lower peninsula.
Highways were icy. A Muskegon
car ferry was released after having
(See WEATHER, Page A-4D
Evening star., 1941-02-18
Snow in Upper Michigan.
Moreenstierne to Visit
Camp in Canada
BY the Associated Press.

The Norwegian Legation said to-
day Minister Wilhelm Morgenstierne
was on his way to Toronto to visit
the training camp established in
Canada last summer for the Royal
Norwegian Air Force.
The first contingent of expert
enced flyers will leave for Great
Britain in the near future" Lega-
ton statement said.
Evening star., 1941-02-18
British Say turkeys
Pact With Bulgaria
Has Little Meaninq'
Ankoro Held Still Loyol
To England; Sofia Not to
Move Against Greece
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
/ LONDON, Feb. 18.-The Turkish
Bulgarian non-aggression agree
ment can have little practical
meaning for Turkey" authoritative
British sources said today, because
there are grave doubts" of Bull
garia's ability to pursue an inde-
pendent course.
Doubts were expressed in official
British circles over the ability Of
Bulgaria to preserve her neutrality
under an influx of German troops,
or to exercise freedom of choice
over her own foreign policy.
Turkey, these sources said, is
completely loyal" to Great Britain
and kept the British government
informed throughout the negotia-
tions with Bulgaria.
These negotiations we're said to
have started before the infiltration
of German forces which some Brit
ish sources have indicated already
are in Bulgaria.
Pledge by Bulgaria Reported.
The agreement, it was said, i'm
plies that Bulgaria does not intend
military adventures of any kind
including any military move against
Greece.
In authoritative circles, the COM
mon view was that the pact had left
! the general situation unchanged,
and that Britain still had full con-
fidence in Turkey as a middle east
ern bastion and the defender of the
Dardanelles.
An informed source said Turkey
had opened negotiations with Bull
garia weeks ago-with Britain's
knowledge and good will-in the
hope of removing Bulgarian sus-
picions of Turkey and thereby paw
ing the way for general staff ar
rangements between them.
Another purpose of the Turkish
initiative, this source said, was to
get Bulgaria to join a common
front of Balkan resistance to the
threat OF German domlnatlOn-but
the Germans moved faster than the
negotiations.
Turkey Held Still Loyal
British circles said they did not
infer from the new agreement that
Turkey would stand by with folded
hands, should the Germans attempt
to march through Bulgaria into
Greece.
The London press played thu
Turkish Bulgarian accord as a No
l surprise, warranting the largest
Of headlines.
The news came too late for edi.
torial comment, but the press reac.
ton was reflected in such secondary
headlines as these:
The Times: Treaty with Britain
not affected"
The Express: Turks sign keep
out pact with Bulgaria; stay loya
to us"
The Telegraph: Treaty obliga-
tions safeguarded."
Evening star., 1941-02-18
Sliding Scale
Is Urged for
Job|ess Tax
Board Again Suggests
Reduction in Rate,
Hiqher Benefits
BACKGROUND

BAChGROUND-
Mounting surplus in District Ur-
employment Compensation Board
funds raised demands a year ago
for reduced tdreS and increased
benefits for the eligible Jobless.
Issue arose oUer amount Of in
creased benefits sought by labor
and inSistence BY some employer
groups for use OF "erpertence
rating for firing employer t1TeS.
In outcome, Congress postponed
experience rating plan, granted
some tar reduction and some in
creased benefit scales.
Evening star., 1941-02-18
c. |. 0. Seeks Election
At Two Ford Plants
By the Associated Press

By the Associated Press.
DETROIT, Feb. 18.-The United
Automobile Workers &C. I. o. an
nounced today it had petitioned the
National Labor Relations Board for
an election to determine the sole
bargaining agency for the Ford
Motor Co.'S Dearborn and Highland
Park, Mich, plants.
Evening star., 1941-02-18
Confers With Naval Leaders.
Current Literature

Each issue of The Star is
comparable in reading matter
with a full-sized novel. In
fact, it is a daily installment
of a best seller-the doings of
mankind. Moreover, inter-
leaved with the news are ad-
vertisements of absorbing in
terest and value.
Evening star., 1941-02-18
Germany Is Reported Warning
Greece to Make Early Peace
With ItoIy on Duce's Terms
Nozi WorpIones
Reported Scouting
As Far as Athens
BACKGROUND

BACKGROUND
England last 1Deek broke of
diplomatic relations With Ru-
mania, tolloUing her tGdrning to
Bulgaria that Bulgaria'S military
objectiueS 1Uould be subject to
bombGrdment II German troops
1Dere permitted to cross YeSter-
dqy Bulgaria and Turkey, con-
Sidered a strong British neutral
ally, signed a non aggression
pact, terms OF Which ,Uere re-
ported to include Turks agree
n1ent to qiUe Germany free hand
in Bulgaria.