davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1941-05-17
ATHABASkA OIL
SANDS RECEIVING
MUCH PUBLICITY

A tremendous amount of publici-
ty is being given the Athabaska tar
sand deposits and the operations
now being conducted by Max Ball.
widely known petroleum engineer.
An article was carried recently by
the Christian Science Monitor; an
other by the Independent Petroleum
Association monthly. with illustra-
tions showing the Abasand Oils
plant at Fort McMurray.
The publicity is believed to have
resulted largely from an article
written by Mr.. Ball for the Cana
dian Institute of Mining and Metal
lurgy. Scores OF newspapers are
commenting on the enormous guam
titles of oil estimated present in
the sands. The deposit covers from
10000 square miles to 10000
square miles and the estimates
range from 100 to $50 billion bar
rels of recoverable oil. This is
enough oil to insure the world of
its total supply of motor fuel for
many years, should all other sourc-
es be exhausted.
However, stockholders have no
worry about income tax on their
dividends because the deposit is
500 miles north of the Montana Dor
der and beyond normal transporta-
tion channels. Furthermore, 1t
costs far more to recover the oil
by present successful methods than
it costs to produce crude from
drilled wells, so in the lives OF
people of this generation there is
little likelihood that the Athalbas-
ka products will come in competi-
ton with existing sources. The oil
Is recovered from the sands by mix
Ing it in a revolving screen, with
hot water. thence through flota-
ton machines.
While much of the deposit is COW
cred over by thousands of feet of
sediments, there is some 10 to 20
square miles of exposed beds con-
tanning between 500 million and a
billion barrels of recoverable oil.
The oil is found in sands which
rest on the Devonian formation.
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1941-05-17

FlOtatiOn Applied
To Milling Wheat

The application of mining ma
chinery-the flotation process to
the milling of wheat has been per-
fected by Theodore Earle of Cali
fornia, who by this method remov-
es the splintery hull or epidermis of
the wheat kernel without disturb
ing the stores of vitamins and min
erals inherent in the wheat as it
comes from the field.
The problem Of "peeling" wheat
was solved by the mining engi-
neer four months from the day on
which he received the assignment
and equipment, which is similar to
the mining method except that the
cells are equipped with rubber inn
peIlers. A reagent and air are in
troduced to float the hulls to the
surface of the water 'discharging
the clean wheat and water into a
centrifugal machine, thence to q
dryer.
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1941-05-17
EXPLOSIVES
COURSE FOR
MINES SCHOOL

BUTTE - Montana School OIL
Mines will offer two engineers de-
Tense training courses in the chem
istry of explosive materials to prop
erly qualified students provided the
demand for such instruction justi-
flies the equipment and instruction
required, it has been announced.
This unusual opportunity is made
possible by the cooperation Of the
U. S. Office of Education and is a
part of the Montana School of
Mines contribution to national de-
tense.
This course will be taught by
Francis E. Holderreed, instructor
in chemistry at the School of Mines,
who has just returned from an in
tensive training course in explo-
sives offered at Washington Uni
versity at St. Louis under the aus
pieces of the Engineering Defense
Education organization of the Fed
eral government.
Tentative plans at the present
time call for the complete ele-
mentarv course or advanced course
in as short a period as five weeks
of full-time instruction, as well as
over a long period. Such a program
will make it possible for both part
time or full-time employed per-
sons to attend.
Applicants must have completed
two years of college chemistry for
the elementary course or three
years of college chemistry, including
one year of organic chemistry for
the advanced course. Successful
completion of the elementary course
also win make a student eligible
for the advanced course.
Admission will be selective and
by interview with college officials.
Tuition fees for approved regis |
trants will be met by the U. 5.
office of Education through Mon
tana School of Mines.
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1941-05-17

the amount used in the steel in
dustry is far greater percentage
than indicated above, as chrom-
ium is used to harden steel for
the manufacture of armor plate,
projectiles, gun and cannon barrels
and many other uses in the defense
program. A large amount of stain
less steel, containing from Is TO
20 percent chromium, is also be-
ing manufactured to be used in the
manufacture of non-corrOsiVe sheet
and structural steel and machine
parts. In making hard and stainless
steel, nickel usually is added as an
alloy. Chromium also has been used
in late years in place of nickel in
plating hardware for use in auto
mobiles. plumbing, house furnish
ings, etc.
Making FerrOchrOme
For metallurgical use chrOmite is
converted into ferrochrome in the
electric furnace before it is added
to steel. although some domestic
concerns make chromium alloy steel
in the electric furnace directly from
alloy steel scrap and chromite ore.
refrOcnfOme consists mainly OF iron
and &c to ~ percent chromium with
small amounts of carbon. For re-
fractory purposes chromite is used
mainly in brick and cement to
stand up under high heat. Drugs
and heavy chemicals are made from
chromium. Chromium salts are ex-
tensively used in leather tanning
and in the manufacture of paint.
Chromite ores are at present sell
ing at from $25 to SAL per long
ton, c. l. F. Atlantic ports, the va
ration in price being dependent
upon the amount of chromium oxide
contained. Ferrochrome has a pres
emit price range of from IL to I'll
cents per pound of contained chro-
MUM.
1t is believed that the domestic
chromite deposits will be able to
furnish large percentage of the
chrome consumed in the United
States during the defense program,
and Montana should furnish the lar
ger part of the domestic production.
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1941-05-17
WAR HERO is
COM M En- CEN NT
DAY SPEAKER

BUTTE-Judge Robert P. Patter-
son, U. S. Secretary of War, will
be the commencement speaker at
the 39th annual Montana School OF
Mines graduation exercises here
the evening of June 4, it was an
nounced by President Francis A.
Thomson
Judge Patterson plans to make
the trip from Washington, d. G. in
L. S. Army bombing plane His
address is expected to be of ex-
ceptional interest in view of the
foreign situation and the national
defense program.
The Montana School of Mines
this year has 81 candidates for
degrees and if all of them success
fully meet the requirements for
graduation the class will be the
largest in the history of the insti-
tuition.
Mr. Patterson was appointed
judge of the U. S. district court.
Southern New York district, in
1890 by President Herbert Hoover
and in 1889 he was elevated to
the United States circuit court of
appeals for the second circuit upon
nomination by President Roosevelt.
He served in that capacity I'M
til his appointment as assistant sec
rotary of war on July 81, 1910.
With the passage of an act creating
the office of under secretary of
War, he was at once chosen for
this position and was confirmed on
December 10, 1910.
The war department under sec
rotary has a distinguished service
record with the armed forces of
the nation. He was awarded the dis
tinguished service cross for extra
ordinary heroism on August IA.
1918, when with two noncommis-
stoned officers he made a daring
daylight reconnaissance in to the
enemy lines, surprising an enemy
outpost of superior numbers which
he personally destroyed. Later he
encountered another outpost where
several of the enemy were killed
or wounded before Captain Patter-
son covered the retreat of his
patrol, one member of which was
wounded. He was compelled to feign
being killed to avoid capture and
lay in a ground depression until
able to escape to his lines under
cover of darkness.
He was twice cited in General
Orders for gallant and meritorious
action.
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1941-05-17

OVER THE COUNTER
Mont. Power Pfd.. ..1OS,5O 10000
Wash. Water Power 10000 1O4.OO
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1941-05-17

or greater Importance to Mon
tana than the plant itself is the
process. 1t is known that a metal
Iurgist named Schulein has worked
out an improved process to produce
electrolytic chromium. By making
electrochemical analysis in the la
boratory and through pilot plant OPP
GRAFTON, he has abandoned the pre-
sent conventional method of produc-
ing electrolytic chromium. BY using
a different concentration of mater
ials, which contributes to a very low
rate of current consumption, the
Schulein process may result in large
scale production of electrolytic chro-
MUM in the Grand Coulee and Bon
neville transmission areas, using for
the most part concentrates from
Montana chromite ore.
Electrolytic chromium now sells
for $1.50 per pound. The present
high price makes it is use almost
prohibitive. 1t may now be possible
to produce electrolytic chromium in
competition with ferro-chromium
FerrochrOmium contains about 65
percent chromium and 0.6 percent
to percent carbon, and the re-
mainder iron. Carbon is not desfr-
able in ferrochrome, therefore the
price is based on the carbon con-
tent, ranging from IL to 81 y cents
per pound.
Electrolytic chromium, although
not presently used in the manu-
facture of alloys, will be more de- |
sirable than ferrochrome, because
of its purity being entirely free
purities. Through the use of a pur-
er chromium, much greater
strength could be added to air
plane, automobile and tractor parts
and also to armor plate.
Mr. Schulein has developed a
new anode which makes it possible
to strip the chromium off in sheets.
With the other present processes 1t
IS very difficult to strip the anode
IS it is necessary to dig the chrom-
UNI from the anode, which results
IN breaking the chromium into
small pieces. The decomposition of
he anode has been a serious handi-
zap in the production of chromium.
lut this has been overcome by the
process.
The production of electrolytic
chromium has in the past resulted
n the absorption of excess hydro
zen in the chromium. When melt
ng electrolytic chromium a COM
)ustion took place in the furnace
Is a result of the hydrogen con-
ent. The production of electrolytic
chromium results in giving off
rec excess gases which are highly
explosive. Schulein's method oil
makes it possible to pro-
luce chromium entirely free from
hydrogen. His method of absorbing
he hydrogen does not allow any
hydrogen to escape from the cells,
therefore, there is no danger of
explosion.
Because of the nigh rate of
consumption of electrical energy,
he inferior anode, the absorption
+ hydrogen in the chromium and
he escaping of highly explosive
asses, the production of electrolytic
hromium has in the past been
Now with all of these !
Obstacles overcome, and the abund-
nee of cheap electrical energy in
he Pacific Northwest, the produc-l :
ion of electrolytic chromium may
n the near future become an inn
,ortant Montana industry.
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1941-05-17
Nominate Thomson
For ANIME Head

The name of DR.. Francis A.
Thomson, president of Montana
School of Mines, has been presented
by the Montana section OF the Am
erican Institute of Mining and Met
allurgical Engineers, as a candt-
date for national president of the
institute. The nomination is now be-
fore the nominating committee at
New York. DR.. Thomson is d.
rector of the organization.
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1941-05-17
TOOELE AT OAPACITY

SALT LAKE CTTY-B. L. Sack
EFT, superintendent of the Tooele
smelter of the International Smelt-
ing & Refining Co., said the smell
ter is now operating at almost top
capacity and this years payroll will
be slightly under the peak payroll
Of 1929.
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1941-05-17
New Process May Open
Western Market For
Montana Chromite Ore

the OF
this state have been watching with interest the regarding the
Enlistment electroyt Portland
eco Metaga company subsidiary OF Union Carbide Carbon Co.
virtually dominates the industry of America
only limited chromi available in Oregon
There
that the Portland plant will be dependent outside ores and log
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1941-05-17
SALE OF INDIAN on LEAsRs

An auction sale of oil and gas
leases on allotted Indian land will
be held My 20, 1871, at 1880 o.
m. al, the Blackfeet Indian Agen-
cy, browning, Montana. The lands
are in township 81 north of range
and a part Of what is known as
the Hagan Structure. For further
information call upon or write G.
L. Graves, Superintendent, Brown
ing, Montana.
Date of first pub. May 10, 1s41,
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1941-05-17
INsPECTs WIRE MIL

Thor Johnson, assistant manager
of Anaconda Wire & Cable Co.,
left for Seattle after an inspection
of the company's properties here
and at Butte. From Seattle he will
return to his headquarters at Hast
gs-on-the-Hudson.
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1941-05-17
By CARL }. TRAUERAIAN

other scientists nave Deeh
striving outstanding detectives the
of corrosion IRON
achemis have not yet solved the
problem
Of making consider the discovery OF pro-
Of than pro
dnion of gold as has totaed
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1941-12-21
Continued from preceding pogs

and forth on the ancient typewriter.
Page one page two page
three Chuck rolled the fourth page
into the machine, snatched puff from
a cigarette, and started to wash up the
story:
And so 1t V0s that the three wise men
came bearing gifts. Poor gifts. perhaps.
as you and iCould judge them on the
shopkeebers shelpes, or under our own
Christmas trees - but these Gifts came
not from shops, but from the heart, and
they we're placed beneath a tree ,Dhich a
man had bought with the last small coin
he otcned tn all the World.
So long as Christmas can o,oaken
in men this spirit of giving and of
sacrifice. so long as the hearts of men
open. and the faces of men are un-
ashamed Of that sottness and senii-
mentality which is part and parcel of
Christmas, so long. I think, shall man.
kind be justified in asserting its kinshib
with Deity"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1941-12-21

fine, red linen and glass and silver,
amusing Xmas choristers and fame
tipped candles. And above all fill up
the cake boxes and "goodie" shelves.
THIS WEEKS cranberry conserve,
for instance, is brand new, with
an interesting flavor-combination.
These brownies have dates in them.
Ever hear of that before? Cooked
slower and longer than usual. they
have special texture with all the soft
virtue and none of the soggy fault of
which brownies are sometimes guilty.
-. As for the frosting - it looks
pretty. studded with gem-like bits of
diced fruits. especially between layers
of a white cake. . Finally here's an
other new one. sponge drops! They're
not quite cookies and they're not
exactly cake; but they're wonderful.
-. Come into the kitchen. Folks"
and try your hand at something baked,
something new for an old time Christ
mas.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1941-12-21
THIS WEEK MAGAZINE

things haven't a chance to go wrong.
Feeding mostly in the new cafeteria
style, our proposed two-ocean Navy
will consume ESQ tons of food day
which means the purchase. from
American farmers and producers, OF
285 4O-car freight trains of provisions
every "a hours.
Which all adds up to the fact that
the American bluejacket is far and
away the best-fed sailor in the world.
For of the many varied aspects OF
housekeeping in the Navy. the para
mount consideration is chow!
h EaS
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1941-12-21

with turnips on Tuesdays (sometimes)
and four ounces of cheese on Wednes-
day in lieu of meat. Twice week they
got a pat of butter and once a week,
salt fish. And when the rancid butter
and the briny fish appeared simultan-
eously. the ship soon smelled as if it
had a dead whale below deck!
Today, with man-o'-war able to
carry fresh supplies under scientific
refrigeration for 10 days or two weeks,
standard menus display a carefully
balanced diet which invariably in
cludes - besides meats - two cooked
and two raw vegetables, fresh fruits,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1941-12-21
Continued from pogs ten

salads, soups - all in lusty portions.
Navy menus are checked and dou-
ble-checked with amazing care. Pre-
pared for a week in advance, they are
audited" by at least three officers and
then posted outside the mess hall.
making it simple to see if the mess
crew is actually following the list
exactly. In addition to the Supply
Officer and the Ships Doctor, the
Executive Officer has to inspect Cen
eral Mess every day and approve both
quality and quantity. and the Officer
of the Deck has to eat ration daily.
Under a continuous scrutiny like that,
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1941-12-21

Chuck ripped the final sheet out OF
the machine and slipped it under the
others He dropped the story on
Tolman's desk.
That's it," he said.
Bout time" grunted Tolman. He
started to skim the story. but in few
seconds he slowed down. When he had
finished, he glanced up at Chuck.
mot bad" he said. That was the
best Tolman ever gave anything.
"You got anything to do. you might
as well shove off, Chuck" He scrib-
bled for moment, and yelled for
copy boy.
Thanks, boss" said Chuck. III
you don't mind I'm having Christ
mas Eve dinner with friends"
Tolman nodded. Merry Christ
mast! he laughed.
Merry Christmasr' said Chuck.
There was ring in his voice, and the
smile on his face felt mile wide.
The End
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1941-12-21
Something baked and
something new for an
old-fime Christmas
~ 8a<zoe .Hssassea and
9e,'.eAts Szy|"'

~lHRIsTMAS on Thursday! A long
week end after it Holiday APP
~ petites at home! Folks drop
ping u funny. old-fashioned. honey
word folks" We like it. especially
now, especially this year. full Of harsh
words like guns, ships. tanks. planes.
taxes and priorities. We list our own
priorities, domestic ones:-a rull
pantry. hospitality. and the folks
whether they're our boys from camp.
our sailors from the sea, our men from
the factories, our Bigwigs in Wash
ington. or just the people next door.
So trim the house Set the table with
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1941-12-21
X
Dofe-Nvf Brownies

3 eggs. unbeaten
cup sugar
2 tablespoons melted shortening
2 squares e oz) unsweetened choc-
olate, melted
l cup pitted. sliced dates
cup broken walnut meats
Il cup cake -four
teaspoon baking powder
d teaspoon salt
Combine eggs and sugar. mix well.
Add shortening and chocolate; beat
thoroughly. Stir in dates and nuts.
Mix and sift -four. baking powder and
salt: add; mix well. Spread batter in
creased and Toured pan 8"x8"x 2".
Bake in slow oven 900" F) ~
hours Cut in squares and dust with
powdered sugar. Approximate yield:
Is squares.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1941-12-21
The RECIPES


Cranberry Conserve
2 cups cranberries
n cup orange juice
~ cups sugar
cup seeded raisins
teaspoon grated orange rind
II cup sliced blanched almonds
Wash and pick over cranberries.
Add orange juice Cook over low heat
until skins burst Rub through coarse
sieve. Add sugar and boil slowly 10
minutes. Add raisins, orange rind and
almonds. Chill. Approximate yield:
pa cups.
Xmos Frossing and FiIiins for Coke
~ cups sugar
cup boiling water
teaspoon baking powder
2 egg whites, beaten stiff
teaspoon lemon juice
2 3-oz. packages mixed. diced, can
died fruits
Combine sugar, water and baking
powder. Stir over low heat until sugar
dissolves. Cook to 238o F. or until
syrup spins thread. Pour syrup slow
ly on beaten egg whites. beating con-
stantly. Continue beating until FROST
ing holds its shape. Add lemon juice.
Add mixed fruits to 4 frosting;
spread between 2 layers of white cake.
Cover top and sides with remaining
frosting. Decorate top with candied
cherries and citron. if desired. Yield:
enough frosting to fill and frost a 2
layer cake 10 inches in diameter.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1941-12-21

Sponge Drops
u cup powdered sugar
egg yolks, we'll beaten
a cup sifted -four
u teaspoon salt
u teaspoon vanilla
3egg whites, beaten stiff
Add sugar gradually to egg yolks.
Mix and sift -four and salt; add slowly
to first mixture. Add vanilla. Fold in
egg whites Drop by teaspoons on bak-
ing sheet lined with waxed paper.
Bake in moderate oven (325' F.) 1912
minutes, or until golden brown. APP
proximate yield: So sponge drops.
The Wilmington morning star., 1941-01-24
CHICAGO GRAIN

CHICAGO, Jan. 23.-tR-Th e
recent downward drift Of wheat
prices was halted today due princi-
|pally to the fact that the lowest
quotations in about a month
proved attractive to buyers.
Most of the purchases were re-
garded as orders to cover previous
short" sales or to remove hedges
against cash wheat and flour bust
ness. Nevertheless, there was no
evidence of any increased inquiry
for supplies. Premiums for spot
wheat were maintained, No. 2 hard
selling at 81 IL, or 10 IL cents
over the loan rate, but traders said
the incentive to market grain now
under loan has been lessened as
a result of the recent setback OF
futures.
Wheat closed 1-8 to 3-8 higher
than yesterday, May IS 7-S to Sc,
July 70 3-4 to 7-8; corn unchanged
to IA lower, May 60 1-8 to 60; July
63 IA; oats 1-8 to IA higher; soy
beans l to l IA higher; rye 1-8
to 3-8 up and lard 5 lower to 8
higher.
The Wilmington morning star., 1941-01-24
CHICAGO LIVESTOCK

CHICAGO, jam. 23.-RHHogs
closed 5 to 10 cents lower today
on a few late sales and topped at
$3.50. General trade. however, was
steady with Wednesdays average.
Fat cattle and steer trade was gen.
orally weak while fat lambs closed
10 to Is cents lower.
Medium to good grade steers
predominated the cattle run. with
a top of $3.50 paid for 1882 pound
Colorados. Steers ranged mainly
from $3.50 to $13 with best year.
llngs bringing $685.. Light heifers
and choice heavy heifers sold 10
to Is cents higher while vealers
were weak and Is cents lower with
a practical top of $13.
Fat sheep in demand and
held steady, topping at $1O.5O
Weights upward to los pounds
brought $10.25 to SlO.4O.
GU. S. Dept. Agri.)-Salable hogs
1000; total IA, 500; general trade
mostly steady with r.'ednesday's
average; few late sales 5 to 10 off:
top 8.35; bulk good and choice 1870
to 24O lbs. $40 to 80; most $50 10
290 lbs. butchers 7.85 to $40; 800
to 800 lbs. generally IT'S to 90,
smooth packing sows 400 lbs. down
mostly rs to so; 425 to $50 lbs.
SIS to IT'S; shippers took 1000;
followers 1000.
Salable cattle $500; calves 800,
fed steers and yearlings steady to
% lower, mostly 10 to Is down;
medium to good grade steers pre-
dominated; killing quality crop
averaging about a grade lower
than Wednesday; nothing strictly
choice here; top 1880 paid for
1882 lbs. Colorados; next highest
price 1880; mostly $50 to 1900
market with several loads weighty
Montana fed steers 11.90; b e st
Nearlings 1885, heifer yearlings
Ills; all light heifers and good
and choice heavy heifers 10 to Is
higher; medium grade heavy
heifers dull; culls steady to weak,
cutters $50 downward; bulls slow,
Sseduy HedVy sausage OIIerlng TO
800; vealers weak to 25 lower
with practical top 1900; although
1880 paid for meagre supplies
strictly choice heavies; light veal
r $50 to II. so with outs 600 to
800.
Salable sheep 1000: total 1880;
bulk including weights upward to
105 lbs. 1925 to 40; few loads and
lots CTS to 1910; best yearlings
1900; bulk fat ewes $50 to SIS. 3