davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1941-06-22
By Constantine BroWn.

Britain's Navy does not have to contend
with an old-fashioned type naval war
ship against ship. A new element has
entered this war: the torpedo bomber,
and the Axis powers have still a super
iority in that type of aircraft.
Under these circumstances, many a
strategist here believes that for the time
being the British ought to abandon the
present position in the Mediterranean -
hard as it may be for their prestige. Even
if the British forces were able to hold
Syria, that country would not be ten
able when the Germans occupied Cyprus
and the Nazi forces in Libya started their
march against Egypt.
Long War FOreseen.
Washington looks to the second world
war as one which will last many years.
There is no question that the British,
and any other allies that will have to
fight the NaZi menace, must have
foothold on land somewhere whence they
can obtain contact with the enemy.
Africa is the logical contact point,
but at the present time the position Of
the British is too precarious to enable
anybody to hope that North Africa and
the Mediterranean could be held in the
face of a determined effort Of the Axis
to push the British out. The ideal de-
fensive line, as far as Washington is
concerned, would be the territories ex-
tending from Port Sudan on the Red
Sea to Khartoum and thence to point
south at Dakar through the French and
British colonies of Central Africa.
In this manner the 100000 men Of
Gen. Wavell's command could estab-
lish themselves in regions which are not
occupied or influenced by the Axis pow
ers. The French colonies from Kongo
and Equatorial Africa to the West At
lantic coast are all under Gen. de
Gaulle's control. There is a bare pos
sibility that as soon as an imposing
force reaches that region, even Senegal,
which at the present time obeys orders
from Vichy. might undergo a change of
heart and join the De Gaulle movement.
In such an eventuality-still only vague
possibility-the much-coveted Dakar
could fall into the hands of the Allies.
Advantages of Plan.
But the main advantage of such
move would be that the British would
put more than 1,500 miles of arid desert
between themselves and the Axis. They
would be sheltered from air attacks be-
cause the German and Italian planes
could not fly 3,000-mile return trip to
attack a force which is dispersed over
large area.
Egypt may have to suffer the conse-
quences of such an action because, in
order to prevent the exploitation of its
important cotton fields, the British
might be compelled to cut off the waters
of the Nile at their source. The Anglo
Egyptian Sudan would become the seat
of the Egyptian government until such
time as the British csn resume the offen-
sive and force the Germans out of their
position. The chief advantage Of such
. move would lie in the fact that all
contact between British and Axis forces
Evening star., 1941-06-22
On Fighting Fronts

British and Free French efforts to
conquer the Vichy-governed Levant
states of Syria and Lebanon met no con-
spicuous success in these past days, ex-
cept for the occupation of Damascus.
announced officially by the British as
week drew to close.
Actually, this entire campaign was
being described as disappointing to Brit
ish-French strategists,
syrion not so much for price
Compoiqn being paid in men and
materials as in revela-
ton that there would be no serious
detection on part of Vichy military And
although invading columns admittedly
were not large. their failure to overcome
French defenders was at once damaging
to allied prestige and bolstering to Vichy
morale.
From beginning, German sources have
denied that Axis aid would be extended
to defending French, but it was disclosed
during week that clearance had been
given for French submarines and planes
to move into sphere of action with
French pilot-prisoners released from
Reich concentration camps to return to
active service for Vichy.
Most of weeks fighting in this theater
has centered around Kissoue, Kuneitra
and Merdjayoun, key towns in drive on
Damascus. One or all changed hands
several times during week, but advantage
was with invaders as of yesterday. De-
mands that Damascus surrender with
out further defense finally were accepted
by the French troops.
Meanwhile. British fleet units were
operating Jointly with a column driving
northward up Lebanon coast toward
Beirut. French submarines and planes
were reported in damaging counter
attacks on bombarding British ships off
Sidon, two destroyers being badly hit
In North Africa, Britain's Wavell
launched surprise offensive-shooting
heavily mechanical column westward
into Libya for three day crack at Axis
occupied Salum and Fort Capuzzo.
Penetration was accomplished without
knowledge of German-Italian forces and
early stages of engagement were clearly
favorable to British.
With greatest care, Wavell moved men
and supplies. plus motorized equipment,
some 40 miles around static
Libyon North African front to
Battle launch dawn attack In SAL
um-Capuzzo sector. Capture
ct strategic "Hellfre" Pass by Scottish
Highland regiment gave British vantage
point for pouring killing fire into de-
Evening star., 1941-06-22

/ indispensable means Of existence and OF
continued struggle.
Our 1000, ,0O0-ton fleet carries food, oil,
airplanes, weapons and ammunition
wherever they are needed. Our tanker
fleet alone, the fastest and most modern
in the world, is daily bringing nearly
half of Britain's total supplies of oil and
gasoline safely to this country. The WELL
known British periodical, the Motorship,
recently stated that at the present time
this tanker fleet was worth more to
democracy than an army of 10000
men.
The Norwegian Government is glad to
be able to throw such valuable resources
into the common struggle, but at the
same time it has not neglected the i'm
portant task of creating a spirit of fell
lowship and solidarity among the men
who bear the burden of the struggle.
For our seamen and our soldiers we have
organized hostels, clubs, hospitals, med
ical and dental services, convalescent
homes. travelling libraries, newspapers
and wireless services, both in Britain
and America. In this way all Norwegians
the world over have been welded to-
gether into a common front with one
aim-the complete destruction of Nazi-
ism.
Gold Brought From Norway.
The free Norwegian forces are In the
fullest sense our own contribution to
democracy, for we pay for them our
selves. Free Norway is going con-
cern. We brought our gold with us
from Norway and our national bank is
working together with us in London.
All our expenses for military, social and
administrative purposes are covered by
the income from our merchant fleet.
With a full sense of responsibility for
our position as Norways constitutional
authority, we are carrying out our social
and economic as we'll as our military
obligations, and we are paying interest
and installments on our public loans.
Our budget for the last year has reached
a figure of more than 100000 sterling.
Three things have inspired me more
The first is the unbreakable will OF
the British people to carry this fight
through to the bitter end. The year we
have spent in London has filled me and
all other Norwegians with admiration
| for our British brother people. The
second is the firm attitude of the United
States and President Roosevelts clear
statement that the American people in
tend to challenge the Nazi attempt to
secure word domination.
The third, which has naturally been
closest to my heart, is the unyielding
courage with which our own people at
home are bearing up against their
oppressors. They will not give IN, what
ever methods the Nazi barbarians may
use against them. We know that SO
per cent of the Norwegian people are
firmly behind the King and the govern
ment. It Is this. more than anything
else, which gives us the strength not
Evening star., 1941-06-22

of 1902 ,OOO while Berlin claims that
destruction actually has mounted nearly
to 100000 tons-more than British
lost through entire first World War.
Much of recent British ship losses
were incurred in operations around
Greece and Crete, but London contends
that German Italian sinkings in those
waters approached 100000 tons in May
aIope
Evening star., 1941-06-22

Accusing Reich government of piracy
in its maritime tactics, Chief Executive
demanded full reparation
Pirocy for the losses and damages
Chorqed suffered by American ma
tionals" in this action by
IAN international outlaw"
I'VE are not yielding and we do not
propose to yield" Mr.. Roosevelt said
grimly, to Nazi efforts to frighten the
American flag from the seven seas.
In like tone, he sent word to Harvard
commencement on Thursday that, Born
to freedom and believing in freedom, we
are willing to fight to maintain freedom.
- We would rather die on our feet
than live on our knees
In furtherance of efforts to make
available for wartime service every pos
sible ton of merchant shipping, Martins
Commission on Monday placed in active
service six Danish-owned vessels-frst
OF more than 80 foreign-owned ships
which are now in process Of acquisition
by this Government. And on Thursday,
President Roosevelt asked statutory au-
thority for suspension of safety at sea
laws to permit freer use of available
shipping.
Encouraging to makers of our Western
Hemisphere policies were two reports
from Central and South America dur
ing week-frst, that five Central Amer
lean republics are informing Germany Of
their unqualified Endorsement of Presi-
dent Roosevelt's expression of heni-
sphere solidarity and anti-Axis views
on May 27; second, that Brazilian gov
ernment has banned expectation of sew
eral important defense materials to all
countries except the United States.
OF economic significance, too. was
order of President on Friday that all
petroleum products henceforth shall be
under control of the export licensing
system-thus regulating flow of vital
oils and gasolines to all foreign pur-
chasers.
Word that Americas preparation IS
not to be cut short was given yesterday
when War Department announced its
recommendation to President Roosevelt
that National Guard be held in active
service beyond its one year of training.
CONFUSION which has been under way
on defense labor front reached several
high points during past week-one being
signing of union shop and check-off con-
tract by Ford company with C. I. o.
United Automobile Workers, another be-
ing proposal by National Defense Media
ton Board that Bethlehem Shipbuilding
Co. grant closed-shop agreement to
metal trades workers on West Coast
and third being refusal of A. F. L. ma
chiniSts to accept orders Of their inter-
national president that they end San
| Francisco strike.
| With agitation growing in Congress
for creation of an air force completely
! independent of the Army and Navy
along the lines of the German and Brit
ish air commands. the War Department
yesterday announced reorganization of
the Army aviation setup into a closely
knit unit under supreme command of the
deputy chief of staff for air. In effect.
this creates a quasi-independent air
corps within the present structure o.
! the War Department.
Evening star., 1941-06-22

NOF UUg UL1CS III tH6 AELLeU UuT e.
fort Is discussed here by the NorUe-
gsnn Prime Minister, head OF King
Huukon's ooUernment-in-erile in
England.
LONDON, June 21.-The battle of the
Atlantic, the very crux of democracy's
struggls for free world, will reach it's
greatest intensity during the coming
months. I am confident that we shall
win that battle, and I am proud as
well as confident because I know that
right in the thick of it, playing major
part In every phase of the struggle, is
the Norwegian mercantile marine
Second only to the British merchant
feet on the side of the Allied democra-
cies, and superior to any oceans going
feet on the Axis side, the Norwegian
merchant navy is-so our friends say
decisive factor in the vital struggle
to keep open the sea lanes between the
American arsenal of democracy and the
British fortress OF freedom.
A Historic Move.
The fact that today more than 900
Norwegian ships and more than $4,000
Norwegian seamen are able to perform
such important tasks for the Allied
cause Is directly due to that historic
decision taken by the elected repre-
sentatives of the Norwegian people on
the very day of the German invasion.
On April 9, 1910, the Norwegian Stort-
ing (ParliamenD took step which I
think is unique in the history of parlia-
rnentary government. Face to face with
the worlds greatest military power,
which, by its sudden and ruthless attack
on our neutral country had already
succeeded in getting control of our most
important military centers, the Storting
deliberately chose a. life-and-death
struggle in preference to submission.
Moreover, the Storting declared that
# necessary the King and the govern
ment must 60 outside the country's
borders in order to continue the struggle
to the end. The King and government
were given full powers in accordance
with the constitution to act on behalf
of the Storting until such time as the
storting could meet in freedom again.
Courage Back of Decisions.
Both courage and foresight lay behind
these decisions. The struggle might well
have seemed hopeless in face of such
overwhelming odds, but those two
months of heroic conflict against the
whole might of the Nazi war machine
had consequences which amply justified
the decision taken by the elected repre-
sentatives of our people. That armed
feht for freedom probably did more
than anything else to steel the Nor
wegian people to face the difficult period
which was to follow, when the occupa-
ton power used every method OF re-
preston in the attempt to crush our
peoples soul,
Even more far-seeing, however, was
the second decision of the Storting,
which, in effect, implied that the struggle
In which we were engaged was not
merely a night for our own existence
Evening star., 1941-06-22

American experts view the situation
in the Mediterranean with much con-
Germ.
The British feet in those waters has
been heavily pounded and in order to
maintain itself in that area it will need
substantial reinforcements from the At
lantic fleet, which already has more
than it can do in coping with the prob
lem of seeing the conveys from America
safely anchored in British ports.
The losses Of the British Mediter-
ranean fleet, up to and including the
Crete campaign. have reduced that arm
of Britain's defense by more than so
per cent of its strength. Not that the
British have had half their feet sunk,
but a number of battleships, airplane
carriers and cruisers have been dam
aged. Ordinarily these injured ships
can be put in commission again within
a few weeks or months when there are
Such yards are few in the Mediter-
ranean. Furthermore, in the British Isle
itself the government and the private
yards have sustained such losses that
the pre-war production In men of war
and merchantmen has been reduced
from an average of 100000 tons a month
to little over 10000 tons, in the last
few months. If the Germans continue
to harass the British with air raids,
there Is little likelihood that the pro-
duotio,, y,ourh
British Fleet Periled.
That the British Mediterranean fleet
will continue to suffer losses seems a
foregone conclusion, as long as fighting
goes on in that area. The Germans
have their bombers in the Greek islands,
which form excellent bases for attack.
The French have been reported by
reliable sources to have sent at least 20
submarines to the Eastern Mediter-
ranean and under the pretext of de-
Tending Syria they are attacking the
British men of war
The Italians, inefficient as they are in
some damage to the British Navy with
their mosquito fleet The Alexandra
and Malta naval bases are now a fire.
quent target of the Axis bombers, who
are attacking them every time the
scouts report that British men of war
have entered the harbors, either to re-
fuel or to undergo repairs. Many of the
Axis bombers are destroyed in those
raids, but if one out of ten hits its
objective, the sacrifice of the other nine
planes has been more than worth
while. In order to make up the losses
the British had to bring to the Medi-
terranean some of their units in the
Pacific. The official announcement that
the Ladybird of the Panay incident
fame, was sunk off Tobruk with all its
guns firing shows that the British Ad-
miralty was compelled to draft into
service in the Mediterranean even small
Yangtse River gunboats.
The morale OF the British Navy is as
high-possibly higher-than ever. But,
In spite Of the fighting ability Of the
personnel and the excellence Of the ships,
Evening star., 1941-06-22
But London was proceeding cautiously
on this whole weird story of Berlin-Mos-

But London was proceeding cautiously
on this whole weird story of Berlin-Mos-
COW unfriendliness, suspect
Invasion ing among other things
PreIude2 that 1t might be feint to
mask preparations for Hit
lers long-awaited attempt to invade
Britain itself. Under careful surveillance
of British reconnaissance planes, and Of
pro-British agents in Norway, have been
recent concentrations of German strength
in that northern country-possible jump
ing off place for stab at Scotland.
AS for immediate American interest,
there were several additional steps dur
ing this past week in this Nations
steady march toward complete severance
Of relations with the Axis.
First of these came on Monday when
State Department announced brusquely
that all German consulates and three
NaZi propaganda agencies in this country
suspend operations by July 10. Agencies
involved were German Library of In
formation, Transocean News Service
and the German Railway and Tourist
Agency.
German employees of all we're asked
to leave this country by July 10 and this
Government was represented as asking
assurances from Great Britain for safe
passage of Nazis involved, en- route back
to Germany.
Actions 'inimical to the welfare of this
country" were cited broadly as reason
for this startling action, coming only two
days after President Roosevelt had di-
| rected freezing of all American assets
of Germany and Italy. This latter ac-
ton, incidentally, was subject Of Rome
Berlin retaliation on Tuesday, when both
Axis governments completed their block
erty in those countries.
And in answer to election of Nazi con-
sular and propaganda agents, Rome and
Berlin governments acted
ConsuIs jointly on Thursday to is
Expelled sue similar orders for
American consular officers
and employees of American Express Co.
in Germany, Italy, Norway, Holland,
Belgium, Occupied France, Luxembourg,
Serbia and Greece. Deadline for this
counter-evacuation was set for July Is.
Accompanying Axis order was itemized
bill of complaints against Americans
within affected territories. Among these
alleged sins was assertion by Nazi spokes-
man that I'VE. have evidence that in
formation gathered by American con-
sular officials was directly submitted to
the British secret service in whose behalf
they acted"
Tied in closely with these retaliatory
actions was another order by this Gov
ernment that pending further instruc-
tions' departure of any of 100000 Ger
man nationals living in United States
should not be permitted. Yesterdays
order closing Italian consulates may lead
to comparable restriction upon move
ment of considerably greater number of
| Italian nationals in this country.
This week saw another high spot in
| German American relations with deliv-
cry by President Roosevelt of report to
Congress on sinking of Robin Moor
| United States merchant ship. in South
Atlantic on May 81 by German sub
marine.
Evening star., 1941-06-22
Review of Ninety-Fourth Week of War
By John e.. Henry.

The grimy ronc picture of British and
other in SYRIA fighting
action of this the North African
ay bitter muderouS between British
!ockeying for o
OF the fighting
Developments
between Russia and Germany
the United States
Evening star., 1941-06-22

able to claim major successes on another
front-that of destroying British ship
ping.
On Friday, London announced that
losses in May had totaled 461 1923 tons
and that corrected losses for April had
Evening star., 1941-06-22

military standpoint armed clash beoeen Russia
scale to dUart previous actions in this field.
Military
Germanys Ueeran better trained and better
probably woud be adversary for Germany Map BY P
Evening star., 1941-06-22

reached high of 58l.25l tons. Latter is
peak for this war, and of course is far
below Berlin estimates Of British sinkings
for same period-805. 900 tons.
For entire war, to June /, London ad-
n1its to loss of 10O8 ships and tonnage
Evening star., 1941-06-22

NorDoys place in the Allied 1rdr et-
fort Is discussed here by the NorUe-
cs1n Prime Minister, head OF King
Hdukon's government -erile in
EnnLnnd-
Nogales international., 1941-12-05
Five-Cent Cigar Days
SO DID
KARL TRUESDELL.

Tom Marshall in idyllic days of his vice-presi-
dency wisecracked himself into Immortality by jest
ing that "what this country needs is good fivecent
cigar"
Well, the country got it. Now it's in danger of
losing it.
Rising excise taxes on tobacco shortage of cigar
makers (many of whom are girls who are turning to
marriage or wives who are being enabled by hus-
bands higher earnings to return to domesticity),
higher tobacco costs, difficulty of obtaining machin
ery-all these factors closing down the old five
cent cigar It still stands, like the Rock Of Gibraltar
Rock Of Gibraltar, the is closing in on it. Taxes
are in sight which would move the old fve-centerr
into the forfteen Glass; leaving it's old place Of
honor to the lowly "two-fer."
Nogales international., 1941-12-05
.Huachuca
Continued from Page One)

Continued from Page One)
pate expansion of the fort still fur
ther to provide facilities for $1,000
men.
The new division, arranged along
triangular lines laid down by new
war department plans would include
the present two regiments plus an
other infantry regiment, division of
artillery, engineering, q1artermaster
and medical battalions and division
troops.
Facilities at present include bar
racks, headquarters buildings, ath-
letic fields, motion picture theaters,
q bakery, ice plant, electric power
plant, laundry, deep well water sys-
tenn, sewage disposal plant, chapels,
hospital. fire department and even
dental clinic
Present plans call for adding an
air field, artillery, aerial gunnery
and rifle ranges.
Companies B and M cf the Sixth
Cavalry regiment camped on the
site March 8, 1877, under command
of Capt. Samuel Mamaduke White
side and used it as base for fight
ing marauding Indian bands from
below the border
The commanding general of Ari-
zona declaued the camp perman-
ent one on January 81, 1878, and
buildings were constructed in 1882
when the fort took its present name
From that time on the garrison
stationed at Fort Huachuca served
as a bulwark against pillaging bands
Of thieving Indians An expansion
brought the fort up to it's modern
standards in 193O-31 and the 1916
defense expansion has made it the
leading base fon colored troops ir
the nation.
Nogales international., 1941-12-05
Mulrdock ] May /.
Be Home Xmas

Writing from Washington, Con-
gressman John r. Murdock says:
SIT is likely that Congress will be
in continuous session this year as it
was last year, but at least we'll have
one day less of our session this year
than last; because last year was
Leap Year.
''It looks now as though I may
get home fer a short time before
Christmas, because certain official
business may require my being in
the West in connection with the
work of the Public Lands Committee
of the House. Certainly it would
please me greatly to have some time
in Arizona"
Nogales international., 1941-12-05

Chief Of Police j. A. McGimsey
declaring at Rotary luncheon he
must watch his figure.