davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1941-05-10
Claim Duce al Front

ROME-Extracts from a diary
OF the supreme command OF the
armed forces in Albania pub
hshed THURSDAY night BY the Ital-
ian Stefsni news agency. said that
Benito Mussolini was at the Al
hanisn fighting front from March
? TO March q and went through
four ar raids while he was there.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1941-05-10
Cracking Down
ION Returns for
Small Taxpayers

WASHINGTON - Tlae federal
government = cracking oo~n En-
inccme tax retarns for small tax
payers fer ne frs tire. Il vas
learned Thursday. Officials Dis
clusea that delinqncncies IN re-
turns o. incomes under 5000 are
running abeut tuace a. hieh ~
last year.
ofhcials asoribed the examlna-
items q small income returns 20
The necessity for neu rvvenns and
"a IT, heavy Increase IN IN num-
her a returns filed thls year b.
cause ~ lowered exemptions
For the first tine. International
returns filed b. employers are BE-
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1941-05-10
Call Rev. Harold L. Booch
To Congregational Church
New Postor Will Succeed Rev. Burr
Who Went to California Months AGO

First Congregational chureh
members voted thursday night 10
cal the Rev Harold I Beech %
- the ueE pastor. effective Juns
] BE and Mrs Booch have been
IN Tacoma several weeks during
which the newly chosen minister
has t~ice filed the church pulpit
Rev. Mr. Booch vii succeed the
Rev. Holland p. Burr Who resigned
his pastnrais hire after a number
of wars 70 accept a call to = Cali
fornia congregation. he left four
months ago.
Since then the pulpit committee.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1941-05-10
Tacoma Boy Hurt
While WRESTLING

David Lincoln. u, Of 1905 So. I
st, complaining Of q severe pain
IN his stomach, was taken 70 81.
Joseph's hospital Thursday night
BY police Ambulance. He explained
that earlier In the day another
boy had applied a scissor hold
around his body during a wreSt-
ling match Hospital attendants
determined that the injury was
not serious and he was released
70 his home.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1941-05-10

oLfMfIA-An attempt ~ "
A. wicks and Axe Rruan. share
holders n ths Puget Sound saw
inEz a Lean association. 70 Inspect
books a. TIE association wzs ~
lected Friday BY the supreme
couff
II affirmed q King eoanty 80
per1or court decision disnainsinr
their mandamus suit 10 force a..
ISOLATION officials 70 grant them
aecess 70 the books since Il va
IN liquidation
The supreme court sid stock
holders n corporations had fhs
right 70 Inspect their hooks bur
that the legislature did No, give
IN savings and Loan
associations the same right
-=4-ssa-----=.-----s---sssa
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-11-25

Measure OF lntoYication
Urged for Drivers

The Traffic Safety Association
Of Detroit will recommend that
the city use drunk -o-meterS.
scientific devices for measuring 4h-
toxication in traffic cases y was
announced today by Donald Slutz,
manager Of the association.
The drunk o meters Slu,Z
said. are being used successfully
IN other communities 10 take the
CuesSwork out Of determining on
what charges a motoriSt is 10 be
brought into court. In various
WAYS. he said they measure the
alcohol in the blood and the find
lngs are now admissible as court
evidence.
Quoting from figures OF survey
made by his ASSOCIATION SllltL Sal0
that police efforts - end traffic
accidents and the courts severity
toward offending drivers has
doubled in a year.
a year ago the average jail term
for drunk driving was 10 days
now il is 81 days.
Slutz explained. however, that
traffic experts agree II takes four
or FIVE months OF sustained Sc
verify by police and traffic courts
10 be reflected in lower accident
figures.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-11-25
DO Drivers Get
Jail Sentences

Ten drivers were Jailed for
drunk and reckless driving and
other traffic offenScS today for
terms Of FIVE 10 so days by Traffic
Judge Thomas +. Maher.
They were:
Vaughn Evans. 40, OF 3l12
Dubois street, so days for driving
while on probation; Patrick Kelly,
81. of POOL Wabash street, p days
for drunk driving; Carl Perdue, 10,
Of 50O5 Avery avenue. p days for
drunk driving.
William 3. Glenn. 20 OF 1851
Brown place. 30 days for reckless
driving Cawton f. Brown. ~. OF
$40 Superior street, 80 days for
failing 10 appear on four minor
traffic tickets; John +. Parsons,
rs. Of 9647 Lauder avenue, 20 days
for reckless driving julius Enesay,
80. Of lnkSter, ID days for reckless
driving.
August Dcmnianiuk. 81 Of 1902
Proctor avenue, seven days for
reckless driving; George A. Gavid,
20. of 1923 Terminal avenue, five
days for reckless driving: Joseph
III Franch. 26. of 12025 Hawthorne
avenue. Highland Park, five days
for reckless driving.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-11-25
International New. seryic. wlrs

NEW YORK, Nov. 25.-Four
Michigan sailors today were among
the 43 survivors of the torpedoed
American destroyer Reuben James
who have arrived safely in New
York aboard the naval auxiliary
vessel, Algorab.
Those from Michigan are Ear
w. Jaeggi and Leland f. Tiger OF
Detroit, A. f.. Gorilla of Dear
born and r. +. Kapez of Ironwood
Forty-five enlisted men, survived
the torpedoing, which took 10O
lives October 81 near Iceland. The
two other survivors who did not
arrive aboard the Algorab are safe
but their whereabouts cannot be
disclosed. All officers aboard were
lost,
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-11-25
Reuben James Crew
Arrives i'm New York

for them. I am glad that my son
II In New York, but would feel
far happier II he were home here
for good"
Earl is % and is a Shipfitter
second class. His four-year tern
of enlistment ends in August. An
other son. Joseph Jr.,. 27. was in
Quoted into the army in May anC
is stationed in Texas.
"My baby il coming hOme,"
said Mrs. Wafe Tiger. mother
of Leland Tiger. 1S-year-old
fireman. third class.
II hope he gets here by
Christmas. haven't heard
from my son directly, hut the
navy sent me a letter telling me
that the survivors OF the Reuben
James were on the way 10 the
United States, safe and sound. /
just cannot believe II il all true;
Ii seems like dream. I never
thought would see my baby
alive again"
The Tigers live at 20 West War
rem avenue.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-11-25
Michigan Gets
Street Lights in
Deaths Of Pair

Unprotected safety zones along
Michigan avenue, where two men
lost their lives when they were
run down by a drinking hit-run
driver. were lighted by flares last
night and today the DPW started
erection of protected zones.
Meanwhile charges and counter
charges were made in an effort 10
place responsibility for what has
been termed the premature
opening of newly-widened Michi-
gan avenue.
Al meeting Of the mayors
traffic committee last week. ID.
Grant Mickle. traffic director,
had warned that the opening
would be dangerous because of the
lack Of proper street lights. and
traffic signals
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-11-25
MOTHER AWAITS WORD

The mother Of Earl Jaeggl, Mrs
Nellie Jaeggi of 1857 Sussex ave
nue.. said Today She had noi=heard
from her son. She said she had
called his wife. Josephine, 10, by
long distance in New York and
asked her 10 have Earl phone De-
troit as soon as possible.
ut doesn't seem right for me
10 he 80 happy when 80 many
others are sad because of the
sinking, she said II am SORRY
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-11-25
INQUIRY STARTED

Mayor JeffrieS has ordered his
secretary TO investigate the whole
business thoroughly
.fFiift--tttr,-rrr-r-f3runUf j. Eibutis,
81. of 676 Charlotte street and
John Gudai,iS. 81, OF 255 Alfred
street. who were struck down AS
they stood in the painted safety
zone Al Twcniy-third street and
Michigan avenue, were buried
TODAY
Awaiting nam ina Inn on
charges of manSlauGhter is Edward
Dudek. 26 year old Il IF q n 6 Q
worker Of 1890 Lawndale avenue.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-11-25
CHARGES DENIED

Subsequent charges that-the
state highway department ignored
instructions 10 place lanterns AT
the unprotected safety zones,
were denied today by highway en-
glneers.
Harry C. Koch. assistant traffic
engineer. stated that he told in
Nestigator Frank Tyzinski to make
arrangements with the highway
department so place WOO I'd q n
horses and lanterns at the zones.
However, Arthur Kircnoff. pro-
lection engineer for the highway
department. called the whole mat
ter buck passing"
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-11-25
Treasury Hunts New axes

WASHIN GTON. Nov. 25.-
GNS - Secretary of the Treasury
Morgenthau said today the chief
attention of the treasury at pres
ent is a search for new taxes 10
finance a vast armament program
That is steadily growing larger.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-03-24

ALL FLOOR sample living ruom suites
must be sold-S7g velour S33. also SOS
mohair. S4e-and many other bargains
See MOSS. 1850 Grand River. Open Sun
day and evenings
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-03-24

1889 Floor Samples 50 Delivers
BENJAMIN APPLIANCE SHOPS
1892 LfVERNOIS, 1ST BL. n. FENKELL
OPEN SUNDAY IL TO s, Ewes. TILL 10
EASY porcelain tub. sgitator, IKE new
used. guaranteed: SCI. Benjamin APP
piiance Shop. 1892 Livernois, LIST bl. N.
Fenkell open Sun, II to 8, ewes. till 10.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-03-24
Washers

MEADOWS square tub;-fate. usrd7 SIS
BENJAMIN Appliance shop, 1882 Liver
nois. LIST bl. NJ Fenkeli. Open Sun II 10 o.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-03-24
A SWAY STUDIO COUCH
SIS

a FLOOR sample studio couch. sI3 80.
makes twin or double bed 81 delivers.
see Moss. 7755 Grand River. open sun
day and evenings
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-03-24
1928 WOODWARD

BEAUTIFUL SELECTION OF BEDROOM
SUITES UNDER $50
BROS. 6137 MT. ELLIOTT
BED, spring, mattress, complete; S1i.95:
ACE FURN. 259 Mich. Open ewes
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-03-24
Bus Transportation
Carpe. Cleaners and Dyers

A LA SPECIAL. 9x12, S2.95
Cash and carry. 81 IS. work i0oG guar. IS
Nrs. experience clean'g repair :. bet Orien-
TAI Rus wks.. l2i,2 Broadstfeet Ho. 5000.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-03-24

ELEC. Westinghouse 1890; real
bargain sac Superior, 1929 cd, River.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-03-24
Sporfsrren's Equipment

BOAT TRAfLERs- Factory made. sham
rock Tralers, i3i47 schaefer.
CONSULT the enlarged Real Estate hstines
IN the big sunday Times Want AID
Section
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-03-24
ATWOOD RUG SALE
C1Q

Your choice Of brand new exI2 broadloom
or sxi2 genuine Administer while they last,
terms or cash. CENTRAL STORES, 4035
FENKELL, NEAR LIVERNolS. OPEN
SUNDAY TO 6. EVENINGS TO 10. ALSO
77Ol WEST VERNON. COR. CENTRAL.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-03-24
Opporfunities

aaeRrot'Es Tive. one in Dfsroit one Az
port Huron Best IN town small ae~r
psvneat. Apply elos wga-.~a ard
PEAUTY SHOP Tor sale good business
All modern equipment. reasonable TIN
ne e-qAll.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-03-24

.sOMpfFTF BEAUTY shop equipmeui .
srsers. facial char. MUST ssefii'ce
T0aS Holmes
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-03-24

EsTAtfRANT-Ful equipped. good in-
come excellent location, APpt Nt-
fssssnl. Jsd Refrigerator. ia2Q7 WoodH""
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-03-24

CONFECTIONERY Reasanso ie, Hpiencia
iscHfI1r. well stocSed, heeI-s ne excel
l.st for drug store tas3 fireman tFi'i
s.ql10
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-03-24
CLEANING SHOP

CLEARING OVER $500 NoN ~ ~, ' =. ~
sFIIfNci RIGHTS FoR DRY CLEAN
~. ffSYr FoR MICHIGAN ONO. BIZ
ssonSFy FoR LIVE WIRE. WILL TAM
PARTNER a9cs FENkEl.i-
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-03-24

NOT poG sug sandwich trailer. excellent
Condition. good tires Arlington oAia
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-03-24

EAMBIfRGER sTAND-ENcellcnt lotatlnn,
renpletely modernt1cd ana beauAiHl M
-r,----.-.-- = certatn circumstances, must
ssif $50 West NcNichols TOWNSHIP u7''7'-r~
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-03-24

REST RkNT-Exceiient opportunity ioi
csEh seats %. gross receipts $3.50 an9
srogsInc M Gfvan. Cadillac 9etas ~
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-03-24
LEARN TO DANCE

TREE STUDIOS EsTAB 20 YEARS
- Iyssslns 81 Ladies -
WOODWARD ~ Aiexardrine II s-s6f2
saey Dancing RhnuAns. Etc. II
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-03-24

RooMING HoUsE--Loosted chandler and
jehr R nine apartments ] and
rooms Income $3.50 per montn p,lSA
ING ana FtIRNITuRE priced reasonable
LAWRENCE 1880 Grstiot- Pingfee lets
CoIoRED RooMING HOUSE Is rooms
filled. excellent Income sScriiice' Caaii-
lac 2s22
Sc TO 81 sToRE-Partner disagreeing
wonderful opportunity S-2e = Dawson.
CONSULT the enlarged real Estate hstings
ia the big Sunday Times Want "A
Fecfioni
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-03-24
s2es WOODWARD
Wanted MisceiianeousY

A PARTY wants all-Nnds of
furniture. WI pay highest
cash price. FarS1s. Temple 2-537S.
/ NEE5 furniture for $50 apis VIII pay
-e-Shes, cash price. TIE. 1929.
SEWING machines vacuum cleaners: nlgn-
EST price Pn6Ue CT 3ts3- or TIE. 1880.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-03-24
Music Lessons
Dancioe Instructions

PLAY swing piano. 20 lessons CHRlsTHN
SER s so Mich. Thsstef Bidg ca. uagl.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-03-24
Electric Washers

A MEADOWS made washer. crate mafred
was $50. can be bought for s2y terms
WARDS Outlet. T43i Harper
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-03-24
Mi>celfoneou for Sale
Ptas~Peaa -Tnblea

sEE the Corner before you Ouy -
tr0Hs nnest tennis tame. >. Curnel
Lumber Go. Tyler s-ssU0. ss1i Military
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-03-24
ATTENrION CASH BUYERS

3-pc. Bedroom suites, 80, w
Worth to S7e. so. Choice of bed, vanity.
chest or dresser, In beautiful walnut. some
in blonde waterfall finish. matched woods
terms arranged. Cornells. Open Sunday
and evenings
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-03-24
Musical Instruments

AcCoRDToS-LAR SIZE. beautiful; 3
mrs free lessons Terms pi50 Gratiot
A SPECIAL. PIANO OFFER
u YOU do not care 70 buy a piano AT this
time we will rent you new Spinet or
Grand for 81 90 PER MONTH plus deliv-
cry charges KIMBALL PIANO. 1872
FARMER OPEN EVENINGS.
PIANO - Upright used. $50: good con-
dition. City Music. 7ii2 Mack.
sPiNET piano. regular price S295. assume
paym's Sis9 1912 Farmer. Opfn ewes
The Phoenix index., 1941-11-15
Rights and Deserts
BY DEAN GORDON b. HANCOCK

From time to time we hear much
about rights and responsibilities,
about rights and duties. We are
told with every right goes a re-
sponsibility and with every right,
a duty. The Glamour of rights is
deafening; the Glamour of response
bility is too often faint and uncer-
tain. The rights of Negroes have
been we'll thrust into the foreground
Of the Negroes thinking. But the
duties of Negroes have no like
prominence in the forum of intra-
racial discussion. 1t is good there
fore to observe this disparity in
emphasis and suggest procedures
more calculated to yield future re-
turns.
Some weeks age Dr. Mary Mcleod
Bethune spoke in Richmond and
told the small Negro population in
Daytona Beach and what a large
percentage of that population is
registered as voters. My mind swept
back through the years of larger
Negro urban populations where Ne
groeS are almost indifferent to the
ballot and the power there of. I
have in mind a Negro population in
one of the urban centers of the
south that numbers some 10000
with but about 1000 registered Ne
gro voters. The question that welled
in my mind was, Do the $1,000 Ne
groes really deserve the ballot they
stubbornly refuse to employ in their
so-called fight for their rights?
Can race be said to truly fight
for its rights" as it makes petitions
and pleas while it's ballot is being
neglected? Can people claim to
be in dead earnest about "bettering"
The Phoenix index., 1941-11-15
By GORDON b. HANCOCK
(ANP Feature Writer)

deserve an organization like the N
A. A. G. P?
They have one to be sure; they
often make appeals to it for pro-
lection of their rights. they so veri-
ly need the NAACP. But the ques-
ton as to whether they deserve it
raises further questions. That the
NAACP would have to propagan-
die itself and pass the hat around
annually borders closely to a racial
disgrace.
Let us stop asking ourselves what
are our rights and ask do we de-
serve them. Let us stop asking
whether the NAACP is doing this
or that task but ask whether the
race has proven that it deserves
such powerful instrument of Negro
survival. We would gain wonder
fully II we would cease protesting
long enough to get the Negro to see
there are something's that he him
self can do to help the cause along
and foremost among those is to
utilize the rights and privileges al
ready achieved.
The average Negro feels that
when he has made some kind of
protest his task is finished. Some
body must make him see that that
Is but a small part of his fight for
fuller freedom. In our failure to
seize the great opportunity to bal
lot gives, we show that we do not
deserve these rights and opportuni-
ties. We need not only make pro-
tests against the white mans in
Justice but against the Negroes in
difference too often manifest in his
reliance upon the ballot and in his
support of the NAACP.
The Urban League deserves also
the fuller support of the race for
although its program is not as
spectacular it has proved just as
vital. Our deserts also are worth
considering along with our rights
The Phoenix index., 1941-11-15
WALTER CHIVERS SAYS:
NEGROES WORST OFF

Nowhere among our people is
this more true than among the
Negroes in the United States
crowded in city Slums, or existing,
barely, on impoverished farms"
This rather cheerless statement
is SubStantiated by the following
cold facts:
birth at twice the rate of white
mothers. In the rural south 30 per
cent of all Negro births are attend
ed by mid-Wives.
Out of $4,000 Negro b"bies born
alive each year more than $4,000
die in their first year, rate of go
per cent higher than for white
babies.
Tuberculosis and syphilis are
from five to six times as prevalent
among Negroes as among whites
Syphilis causes 25 per cent of the
$4,000 stillbirths among -Jegroes
each year.
"It is estimated that half of the
Negro population is undernourish-
ed.
Could there be any Sadder COM
mentary on contemporary democra-
tic society than the picture just
portrayed? 1t is probable that the
existence of such conditions is
the measure of the distance that
we are removed from being a
democracy. The outmoded religious
dogmas, racial superstitions, and
rank self-interest implicated in
the existence of such conditions are
obviously the rough spots" in
democratic Societal evolution.
The utility of planned parent
hood should be serious challenge
to Negro medical organizations,
nurses groups, womens' and mems
clubs. This challenge is based in
the humaneness involved in plan
ned parenthood. 1t is just being
plain humane when parents are
not forced to have children they
either do not want or can not care
for properly. Planned parenthood
will reduce, radically, venereal dis
eases, tuberculosis, juvenile delin-
quency, prostitution and the like. It
will in the long run reduce taxes fo
The Phoenix index., 1941-11-15
BY WALTER r. CHIVERS

jailS, relief, and public hospitals
to a low point not easily conceived
now.
A REAL CHALLENGE
Here is a challenge that is prac-
tical christianity in it's simplest
terms. 1t seeks to preserve human re-
sources for the good of society. 1t
reveals the real interest of man In
healthy, comfortably clothed, ade-
quately housed people are the least
likely to become public burdens of
any sort.
What can the people do, to whom
1 am directing this challenge for
the South's Tomorrow'S Negro
Children? They can work hard to.
Reduce the material death rate by
enabling mothers with tuberculosis,
heart disease, kidney disease, and
other serious ailments to avoid preg-
nancy.
Improve maternal health by CIV
ing mothers time to regain health
and strength between pregnancies
Reduce the infant death rate
by enabling mothers to space their
children at two or three year in
tervals. Studies of the United
States Children's Bureau reveal
that babies born two or three years
apart have a far better chance for
life and health.
Reduce the spread of venereal &
other diseases by making it possible
for parents with transmissible dis
eases to avoid having children I'M
til cured
Raise the standard of living by
enabling parents to adjust the
family size to family income.
For those who might doubt the
authority of the column I might
record that more than a thousand
organizations have passed resolu-
tions supporting the principle of
birth control. Among these are
the National Council of Jewish Wo-
en-, General Federation of Women's
Clubs, Y. w. G. A. National Board)
Board of Missions and Church Ex-
tension of the Methodist Church
(Woman's Division of Christian
! Services, and the Child Welfare
Committee of America.
The Phoenix index., 1941-11-15

IneSe professional people are
constantly struggling with the prob
lens of disease, poverty, and oppor-
tunity as they relate to Negroes.
These problems, though no respec-
ters of person, strike Negroes hard
est because the society in which they
reside has never permitted them to
build a durable defense against
them. Well The proposal here is
that intelligently and scientifically
planned parenthood will lay the
foundation for a durable defense.
Mrs. Margaret Sanger and DR..
Richard N. Pierson have jointly de-
clared that For half the children
born in the United States each
year, tomorrow means hardship.
poverty, ill-health or death. Born
of families who can give them
little in health or security or hap
pineSS, these children are destined
to carry on the conditions under
which they are born.
The Phoenix index., 1941-11-15
Organizing To
Continued from Page Il

Commission in 1887 engines on a
majority of the roads must be
Dieselized Or stokerized by 1913,
The agreement is SC worded that
the reduction of Negro personnel
to one per cent would not be a
violation of it, The agreement
Goes not say that the proportion of
Negro firemen shall be so per cent,
but that il shall not exceed that
percentage. There is also a provi-
sion stipulating that all vacancies
must be filled by promotable
(white) men.
Thus the forced Introduction of
Diesel engines will result in the to-
tai displacement o. Negro firemen
on Southern roads unless the union
agreemetS are successfully chal-
lepged. This is the purpose and aim
of the Negro firemen'S committee
which is headed by A. Philip Ran
dclph, with B. F. McLaurin, field
organizer.
The court actions, Stevens re-
vealed, will be fought OH the basis
that the agreements are unconsti-
tlltiOnal.