davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1941-03-05

National Assembly Building and he
still is called the Liberator," yet
German influence admittedly has
been an impressive factor since
Ferdinand of SAKE Coburg- Gotha
was elected prince in 1887.
All that the people of Bulgaria
want, however, is to be let alone.
They are unambitious so far as a
leading part In the world drama is
concerned. Generally adherents Of
the Greek orthodox church, they
have an appreciation of the dignity
of peace, If they could choose, they
would prefer such serenity as would
leave them to the enjoyment of their
little farms, their humble but dearly
loved homes, their games, their music
and their literature of romantic ira
dition. The masses still are poor
and have the wit to understand that
conflict contributes to continuance
of their poverty. Wool, tobacco,
grapes and the distilled elixir known
as altar of roses are the principal
products of their forty thousand
square miles of hills and valleys.
The Nazi invaders may take these
things, but with what will they pay
for them? Stolid villagers stand by
the roads watching Hitler's legions
moving toward the Black Sea and the
Greek-Turkish frontier, and it is a
fair assumption that they think deep
thoughts.
Evening star., 1941-03-05

co.'s own defenses-and at the same
time facilitate effective assistance
by our own armed forces In repelling
any aggressive move against Mexico.
We can offer our neighbor financial
and technical aid in equipping and
training her army, navy and air
corps and developing bases for eff
cient defense operations. In return,
we may expect the right to co-opera-
tive use Of bases on Mexican soil for
naval and air action In defense
against any potential common en-
emy. Under the principles properly
laid down by the State Department,
Mexican sovereignty would be OBJ
served strictly in any such arrange
ments. She would retain control of
any bases that might be developed
with our help.
Announcement that collaboration
between this country and Mexico has
progressed to the point of formal
negotiations for developing such a
co-ordinated defense program is en-
couraging for numerous reasons. For
one thing, it inspires hope for early
solution Of controversies which have
engendered bitterness in relations
between the two countries for the
past several years, involving prin-
cipally the appropriation of American
~ ooI orio -,
leo. Settlement of these issues Is
being sought in negotiations which
have been carried on in increasingly
friendly manner since Avila Ca
macho was inaugurated President of
Mexico last fall. Perhaps its greatest
significance lies in the warning 1t
carries to the axis powers that neigh
bors in this hemisphere are prepared
to work together in practical ways to
defend themselves, and the likelihood
that it is the forerunner of series
of such definite defense agreements
with other Latin-American nations.
The groundwork for organization
of hemisphere defense on co-opera-
tive basis was laid we'll in a declara-
ton by American foreign ministers
in conference at Havana last July
that any attack on any one of the
Americas would be considered an act
of aggression against all of them.
That declaration authorized just
such detailed plans for mutual as
sistance as are being discussed with
Mexico, and which should be worked
out speedily with the other American
republics.
Evening star., 1941-03-05

Mexicun Cooperation

The military talks which the State
Department has announced are in
progress with Mexico should prove to
be a valuable contribution to hemi-
sphere security. They mean that for
the first time in history this country
and its closest neighbor to the south
are working out in advance the prac-
tical details of just how they will
assist each other In common de-
fense" against any attack upon.
either nation.
It is obvious that the United States
must bear the major share of the
burden and responsibility in such a
mutual assistance arrangement, but
it is equally obvious that anything
we may do to strengthen the defense
of Mexico increases our own security,
as well as that of all the Americas.
Arrangements being made now
should do just that-build up Mexi-
Evening star., 1941-03-05
Discusses War as a Crime
Against Suffering Peoples.
To the Editor Of The Sta

To the Editor OF Ine star
The war has made many of us in our
humble way geographers and historians,
immersed in the study of men and
nations. We utterly fail at times to
understand what it is all about, and
often misjudge mems character and the
Importance of events, for wars are not
fought ir the Emelight of publicity.
Public opinion Is manufactured, and
every country depicts itself entirely in
the right and other countries entirely
In the wrong For this reason we cannot
clearly see the meaning of events. Only
when we look back over a period of
years do we come to see the lessen Of
the past.
Men are taught to hate men, but that
Is not the most serious of our manifold
sins. Condemnation lies in strange
inherent cruelty that makes us treat
our fellowmen as we never would animals
We do not starve animals. . ."
After war the peoples of all the
nations muddle along through many
years of core distress. The makers of
the peace treaties plant the seeds for
the next terrible slaughter. They take
no thought of the suffering peoples
Evening star., 1941-03-05
Bulgaria

The latest independent nation to.
be brought under the control of the
axis is a country unused to servitude.
People inhabiting mountainous re-
gions customarily are free in spirit,
and the peasant farmers OF Bulgaria
have been no exception to that
ancient rule. Their name signifies
"plowmen," but it has no connota-
ton of serfdom. A thousand years
ago their ancestors, some from an
unidentified starting place IN the
East and some native stock aof Slav
descent, occupied the plateau be-
tween the Balkan chain and the
Danube. Their civilization was
agrarian, their arts expressed a
proud relation to the soil. For CEN
turies they stood against the Turks
like the lion rampant which is their
heraldic symbol. The western half
of Europe was in their debt for their
valiant resistance When it failed,
as it did from time to time, Vienna
and Paris were endangered.
Created by the treaty OF Berlin in
1878, the modern Bulgarian princi-
pality gave way to full-fledged
monarchy in 1908. Wars with Serbia
and with the Ottoman empire kept
the population poor. but patriotic.
Even the professional revolutionists
of Sofia are devoted to the ideal of
a self-suff1cient state, government
not obligated to any outside power,
An acknowledged tie with Russia,
confirmed in the battles of Shipka
Pass, is maintained, out it never has
been strong enough to constitute a
political or economic union. The
equestrian statue of Gar Alexander
II stands in the plaza in front of the
Evening star., 1941-03-05
Sees Threat to Security
OF Insurance Companies.
To the Editor of The Star:

1t is reported In the press that Sumner
r Pike, an investigator of the S. E. c.,
has recommended to the Monopoly Com
mittee of Congress regulation and con-
troll of insurance companies by the Fed
eral Government through the S. E. G.
Perhaps he never heard of the decision
of the Supreme Court in the case of
the court held that issuing policies of
insurance are not transactions of COM
merce and that therefore the Federal
Government can exercise no jurisdiction
over insurance companies.
The scheme has, no doubt two-fold
purpose, namely, to build up a great
bureaucracy and make jobs for New
Dealers and for the Federal Government
to get control of the vast funds of the
companies to use them for its own pur-
poses.
Mr.. Pike also believes that insurance
companies should be required to invest
part of their funds In the common
stocks of corporations. This alone is
enough to show his incompetency to deal
with the subject. These are trust funds,
and no one with sound business training
would make such suggestion. Certainly
no policyholder would think for a mo-
ment of putting these trust funds in
common stocks, which at best are pre-
carious. In fact, the laws Of the. States
expressly forbid such investments.
This threat to the security and safety
of the interests Of every holder of
policy of insurance should awaken the
65 100000 holders of life insurance poll
cies from their apathy and indifference
and cause them to make their influence
felt in the Congress against these ruinous
suggestions.
ALEXANDER SIDNEY LANIER.
Evening star., 1941-03-05

Dear Sir:
I'm the spring Of 1899 five mourning
doves suddenly appeared at the birds
ground feeding spot In our yard.
"They fed there of and on during the
summer. In the fall they were joined by
three or four others, perhaps their
young.
I'VE do not know how late in the sea-
son they nest and hatch. These birds
remained for the winter although, as you
will remember, there were severe snow
storms during that period. Not all ap-
peared every day.
"Curiously, there was always among
them one odd bird who fed from the
seeds placed on the top of the largest
feeder, and who drove Of all other doves
who attempted to join him.
He paid no attention TO sparrows and
small birds. Our children call him the
Lone Granger
Last summer this dove group in
creased greatly although the number
never remained the same from day
to day.
"Once they ran as high as 81, and you
may be sure that there was much excite
ment in our family on that day as this
large number sailed in in twos or fours
or more from the surrounding grove.
Newcomers continually tried TO horn
in on the Lone Granger but he stood
and still stands them all of.
1--WE doubt that he has q mate. At
feeding time the others drop down from
higher branches of the trees, never from
shrubs, from whence they have over
looked the area, in twos or more, always
one leading when he or she decides that
landing Is safe.
Throughout this winter, each day in
storm or sunshine, from Is to 20 doves
have been on the feeding ground which
is within 10 yards of the house, at
most; a charming sight repaying a
thousandfold for the trouble and ex-
pense entailed in attracting them.
Some trouble attached for one rea-
son, at least, since we have to keep close
watch over our several dogs who are
permitted the run of the grounds and
the bit of woods from which the birds
fly in.
when the dogs are at large the doves,
of course, remain aloft. However, we
have consistently set aside 1l:30 am.
to 1:3o pm. as the daily period when
the dogs must be rounded up and
brought indoors and when the family
must try to remain away from the feed
ing ground side of the yard
Even in the house, within reach Of
the windows, on that side, we make no
rapid movements or gestures.
Such invariably disturb few of the
more alert birds, possibly watchers.
Some time during the above period the
arriving vanguard may be noted in the
nearer trees; accommodating follows for
quite few minutes, after which one will
hutter perpendicularly down to the
grain.
From then on the pairs sail in nom
stop from the more distant trees.
Remembering that this is no small
number of which we write, you and 9TH
ers who are appreciative of color effect,
will be able to picture how we stand
breathlessly admiring the wonderful
combinations of grouped pinks and grays
Evening star., 1941-03-05
Brituin's War Effort

The announcement from London
that Britain is closing or consoli-
dating dozens of factories engaged
in peace time pursuits to release
approximately 10000 workers for
armament industries is evidence that
the British, however belatedly, have
come to realize that victory in total
war cannot be achieved by anything
less than a total national effort-a
fact which is not yet understood
in the United States.
In announcing this new program
to the House of Commons, Oliver
Lyttleton, president of the Board
of Trade, said that the men and
women to be drafted for war work
will come from the hosiery, pottery,
textile and leather Industries
peace time training schools for skills
that can be applied to the produc-
ton of munitions. The transfer, 1t
was said, will be accomplished not
by new legislation but through the
governments existing authority to
control the flow of raw materials
and labor, which leaves the indus
trialists to be affected with no al
tentative but to comply with the
decree.
This, admittedly, is very drastic
step for a democracy to take, but
it seems that Britain has no other
choice. The Nazis resorted to SIM
liar tactics long before the war
started, thereby getting off to vi
tally important lead in material
preparations for the conflict. And
now the British, however diStaste-
full the move, must follow suit, hop
ing that they have not waited too
long.
1t is true that Britain is at war
and that this country is not. but
there is a lesson for us nevertheless
in the extremity to which the Brit
ish have been driven.
For six months or more we have
been rearming against the posi-
biIity Of war, realizing that, except
for the Navy, we were starting vir-
tually from scratch. And yet, de-
spite the virtual unanimity of opin-
ion concerning the imperative need
for a greatly strengthened national
defense, it may be doubted whether
we have progressed very far from
the state of mind which prevailed
last summer, when the publicly
avowed objective was to Superin-
pose the defense program on the
Nations normal industrial opera
tions.
One of those who clearly see the
need for a greatly accelerated effort
is william C. Bullitt, former AM
baSsador to France and an ardent
supporter of the present admins
tration. Speaking to the Overseas
Press Club in New York last week,
Mr. Bullitt said that we should be
producing every possible implement
of defense at this time but that we
are doing nothing of the kind. On
the contrary, he asserted, 1--WE are
making just the effort that it is
not troublesome to make"
For the benefit of those who seem
to be satisfied with this leisurely
effort, it may not be amiss to point
out that Britain followed the same
course two years ago, and that as a
result she is now paying the penalty.
Evening star., 1941-03-05
THIS AND THAT
By Charles E. TrdcetreH.

which the birds feathers display even in
dullest sunlit days.
"And not the children alone smile in
wardly or chuckls at their low-slung
waddling walk.
Would that our lawmakers might wit
ness this sight!
Undoubtedly such would greatly ex-
pedite the placing of these beautiful
plumaged creatures on the non-game
bird list.
Generally the group Is peaceful but
evidently the oldsters command respect
for every now and then bird. following
UP the seed trail. may be seen giving
another wide berth.
"Other birds bother them but little;
the small ones not at all; squirrels are
apt to cause a scattered fiuttering for
the moment.
I'VE have not found out definitely
which they like best of the seeds and
grains put out, fine cracked corn, scratch
feed, extra kaffir corn and bit Of COM
mercial wildbird mixture.
incidentally, contents of the feeder
shelves never attract them even when
their feeding ground happens to be COW
cred with snow.
"They do not use sunfiower seeds but
pick away rapidly at the rest on the
ground, air business; occasionally stand
ing alert when the sparrows, for in
stance, dash off in their frequent flock
flights.
"Other than one or two loiterers not
quite so well fed, they leave in less than
10 minutes and are gone for the day.
This is probably due to their wariness
and their intuitive estimate that the
area is not without danger.
"a pair or two or Lone Granger may
return later in the afternoon but not
always.
Apparently they are not ravenous
feeders like most other birds.
IF frightened, they disappear swiftly
by scattered groups in various directions
and do not return during that feeding
period.
Their roosting spots are unknown
and we pray that no vandal discovers
them.
"a loss or injury TO one of this flock
which is to us a God-given ray Of SUM-
shine would constitute one more unfor-
gettable tragedy at time when we are
in greatest need of rays of sunshine
amidst the all out tragedies that
threaten TO engulf us.
For the benefit of others who have a
beginning in a pair of doves, it is sug-
gested that if experiment can identify
the grains of which those two are par
ticularly fond and same is placed upon
the ground daily in that part of the
yard farthest from the street, and If
possible, near a few trees, not shrubs,
to which they may escape if need be,
and this during the spring, and espe-
cially when southern flights are on in
the fall it Is quite possible that the pair
from their young, or passing tourists for
the South, may suddenly be found some
fine morning increased to exciting
numbers.
very truly yours, etc"
CNote-The writers of the above inter-
esting letter asked that neither names
nor address be given, for fear that hunt
ers or youngsters with 22s or even BIB
guns might search for the place with
plans for surreptitious killings)
Evening star., 1941-03-05
Suggests National Poll
On Lease-Lend Bill.

Why not settle H. r. Its with just a
little common sense and plenty of speed?
My plan would be to poll the news
papers back home, then the results could
be rushed TO our Senators who hold the
floor for two days at a time but get
nowhere.
The newspapers could print ballots on
one particular day, then we all could
vote 1 think this would be fair and to
the point. COMMON SENSE.
Evening star., 1941-03-05

bership or designation Of the union by
employees, or other designation by the
employees Of the union to represent them,
and charges of unfair labor practice are
disposed of, the board orders an election.
MALCOLM ROSS,
Director of Information,
National Labor Relations Board.
Evening star., 1941-03-05

and nations. but take advantage of the
basest opportunism for possession of the
riches nature produces without stint.
We call this liberty"
JOANNE McGEARY.
Evening star., 1941-03-05
Huskin's Answers
To Readers Questions
By Frederic J. Haskin.

A reader can get the aHsiOsr to ons
question OF taet by WrittRe The Zoe.
Ming Star Information Bureau. Fred
eric J. HaskiH, director, Washington,
=. C.. Please trieloss stamp tor reply.
@. How many Jews are there In this
country2-A. J. M.
A. There are 4,T7o.e47 Jews In the
United States,
@. How did the seating capacity of the
Roman Colosseum compare with that Of
the largest modern stadium in the United
States7-H. s.
A. The Roman Colosseum seated $4,000.
The Memorial Coliseum at Los Angeles,
which is said 10 be the largest stadium
in the United States, seats 100000.
@. Please give the per capita wealth
Of the three largest cities In the United
States.-M. M.
A. II is as follows: New York City,
s1o777 Chicago, III, $sos7; Philadelphia,
Pa, s568s. ...
@. How does the membership Of the
Boy Scouts of America compare with
that of the Girl Scouts?-C. r.
A. The Boy Scouts of America number
l,42s,6 and Girl Scouts, $1,000.
G. What are the most eastern and
western post Offices in the United States?
&c. M, G.
A. The Post Office Department says
that the easternmost post ofice is Lubec,
Washington County, Me, and the most
western is Tatoosh, Clallam County,
Wash.
@. How many members are there in tha
State Legislature of Pennsylvania
A. M. D.
A. There are SO Senators and 2oS Rep
resentatives in the State Legislature.
q. Where in the Bible does it say that
love is strong as death and jealousy as
cruel as the grave?-E. F. P.
A. This passage is in the Song Of
Solomon, viii. g.: "Set me as seal upon
thine heart, as seal upon thine arm;
for love is strong as death; jealousy Is
cruel as the grave; the Goals thereof are
Goals of fire, which hath most vehement
fame"
O. What is the real name Of Jan
Valtin, author of "Out Of the Night"?-
T. G. S.
A. The authors name is Richard julius
Herman Krebs.
@. Was Pocahontas married twlce7
How many children did she leaVe?-L. P.
A. She was married first to one OF her
fathers captains and subsequently 70
John Rolfe, by whom she had one son
named Thomas. He was educated in
England by his uncle and afterward
came TO Virginia, where he acquired
wealth and distinction.
Evening star., 1941-03-05

@. What is the oath taken by man
entering the Navy?-F F. S.
A. The following is the oath taken by
enlisted men of the. United States Navy:
I, (Name), do solemnly swear COR af-
firn) that I will bear true faith and
allegiance to the United States of Amer"
ica and that will serve them honorably
and faithfully against all their enemies
whomsoever; and that will obey the
orders of the President of the United
States and the orders of the officers ap-
pointed over me according to the rules
and articles for the government Of the
Navy.
@. Are the wills of Martha and George
Washington in the possession Of the
Government?-G. S. c.
A. The wills are the property OF the
County of Fairfax, Va, and are on
exhibition at the courthouse there.
Martha washington's will was stolen
during the Civil War and purchased by
J. p. Morgan. After much litigation it
was returned to the county authorities.
". DO Jn6 bTlIlSIl COIlSCIlpIIOI1 LnCdo~
ures apply to India?-B. G.
A. The National Service (Armed
Forces Act applies only to British SUBJ
jects in Great Britain. In India con-
scription has been adopted for British
subjects of European descent, not for
Indians The Indian armed forces
army, navy and air force-are entirely
voluntary. The rush for voluntary re-
cruitment has been very great. There
were recently $4,000 applications for
$50 places in the air force, and Indian
troops are now playing very important
part in the North and East Africa
campaigns.
@ Who introduced the Federal Hous-
ing Administration Act?-R. E. H
A. H. r. $500, an act to provide I'M
provements in housing standards and
conditions, which was approved June 81,
1884, was introduced by Representative
Steagall A similar bill for which the
House bill was substituted was intro
duced in the Senate by Senator Fletcher.
Evening star., 1941-03-05
Letters to the Editor

Letters to the Editor must
bear the name and address OF
the tDriter, although the use OF
a pseudonynl for publication is
permissible. The Star reSerUes
the right to edit all letters tUtth
a Uie,D to condensation.
Evening star., 1941-03-05

United States Map-ShowS de-
tached territories over which the
war situation cause concern. Fol-
low news dispatches with this Ave-
color map, printed on durable
paper, 81 by % inches in size. I'M
portant geographical and stattsti-
cal data on reverse side. To secure
your copy inclose 10 cents in coin,
wrapped in this clipping, and mail
to The Star Information Bureau.
Name
Address
Evening star., 1941-03-05

Q, Please give the per capita wealth
of the three largest cities In the United
States-M. M.
A. 1t is as follows; New York City,
s1o777; Chicago, III, $sos7; Philadelphia,
Pa, $5688. .-
Evening star., 1941-03-05

A reader can get the aHSt0sr to ons
question OF faet by tDrittRe The Zoe.
Ming Star Information Bureau. Fred
eric J. Haskin, director, WGshingtoRs
Z. C.. Please i-icloss stamp for reply.
Evening star., 1941-03-05

@. How does the membership of the
Boy Scouts of America compare with
that of the Girl Scouts?-C. r.
A. The Boy Scouts Of America number
1929 sic and Girl Scouts, $1,000.
Evening star., 1941-03-05

c. How many Jews are there In this
country2-A. J. M.
A. There are 4,77o,s47 Jews in the
United States.