davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1941-10-22
Appeals for Correct Spelling
OF Name of "Czecho- Sloyakia. :"

To the Editor of The Star:
There are, I know, some individuals
and papers writing the word "Czecho-
slovakia" as "Czecho-Slovakia, But
that is wrong, because the hyphen is
absolutely contrary to the spirit of unity
of the Czechoslovak people who sue
cessfully fought for their liberty for
centuries and still are fighting for their
freedom
1t might be interesting to know that
among those desiring the hyphenation
there are to be found many in favor of
disuniting CZechoslovakia in prepara-
ton for her temporary enslavement.
The hyphen became an outward sign of
this endeavor
According to her stamps, coins and
currency, CZechoslovakia S name always
appears as a unit. The National Geo.
graphic Society spells it as one word
without a hyphen. The Czechoslovak
Legation in Washington also. And it
gratefully will be remembered by all
friends of freedom at the approaching
anniversary of Czechoslovakia S Inde-
PSAiNSAlNC lay ONtOOCL So1 4o1o, Lilob liAC
Government of the United States, in its
official recognition of the Provisional
Government of President Edward Benes
in London, July 80, 1941. spells Czecho-
slovakia as one word. May I quote a
few lines from this important document?
1t reads in part:
The Government of the United States.
mindful of the traditional friendship
and special interest, which has existed
between the peoples of the United States
and Czechoslovakia since the founda-
ton of the Czechoslovak Republic, has
watched with admiration the efforts of
the people of Czechoslovakia to maintain
their national existence, notwithstand-
ing the suppression of the institutions
of free government in their country.
The American Government has not
acknowledged that the temporary ex-
tinguishment of their liberties has taken
from the people of Czechoslovakia their
rights and privileges in international af-
fairs. and it has continued to recognize
the diplomatic and consular representa-
tives of Czechoslovakia in the United
States in the full exercise of their
functions"
DIR. JOSEPH WEISSKOPF.
Evening star., 1941-10-22

passed resolution in some such terms.
but their meeting was not representative
OF the workers, was disavoWed by re-
sponsible labor leaders, and had been
officially banned by the council of the
Amalgamated Engineering Union.
Mr. Mackenzie asks why Berlin has
not been more frequently bombed. Every
visit to Berlin is made at a cost twice
as great as one to the Ruhr, Hamburg,
Klel or Cologne, and three times as great
as one to the French or Flemish coasts.
in all of which there are more vulnerable
concentrations of important military
objectives Visits to the objectives nearer
England draw the German air fighters
further away from Russia. It reliably
is reported that the nightly visits of the
r. A. F. to Western Germany have en-
gagged not less than one-half the German
air defense forces. These would other
wise have been active over Russia.
Armchair critics who suggest that
England should land an expeditionary
force in France at the present time for
get that Hitler in his war preparations
had seven years start on the Allies, and
during that time devoted rs per cent
of Germany's productive capacity to
armament manufacture Let them carry
their minds back to 1914-19l8 when Ger
many almost alone was hemmed in by
the armed forces of the British Com
monwealth, France, Belgium, Italy, Rus
sia, Rumania, Serbia, Portugal, Japan,
and others, and that all these could not
defeat her in the field without the active
assistance of the United States.
Nor is it true to say that Hitler has
achieved his military successes by taking
chances. Hitler's success is due to seven
years feverish piling up of munitions
and training of ten million men, and his
system of divide and conquer" His
plans, thoroughly tested and worked out
in detail, are the outcome of years of
work But in actual battle he has
succeeded only where he has had over
whelming supplies of guns, tanks and
planes, and the odds have been two,
five and ten to one in his favor. The
only way to defeat him is for England. !.
with the assistance of the United States,
to increase the production of munitions
till they exceed those of Germany. And
there is no time to lose.
ERIC UNDERWOOD.
Evening star., 1941-10-22
Bonfire at Dusk

Once -pinioned leaUeS that only yes
terddy
Briefly accompanied the SlUallo1Cs'
flight
No1U from their sleep are rudely
borne array -.
No Slumbering leaf escapes the
searching sight.
The SilUery toothed rake, the whiSk-
ing broom
Build a broUn citadel of dome and
Spire
Which suddenly bursts fotOer-like in
bloom
Then hurtleS sky1Oard on bright
DingS of fire.
Transformed BY flames, the gardener
is gold,
A momentary monument to all
The loneliness that songs and petals
Before frost closed the last green
gate of fall.
Need the hours threshold feel the
tread of Grief
When Beauty outlines every dShen
leat9
ROSE MYRA PHILLIPS.
Evening star., 1941-10-22
THIS AND THAT
By Charles E. Trdce,1ell.

sparrows out of puddles, where they
would otherwise drown.
Jays often take part in rescuing baby
birds in the way pointed out by our
correspondent.
Their strident cries are so loud and
outrageous that they almost invariably
attract the attention of some human
being.
BY responding at once, without wait
ing, the human element in the scene may
arrive in time to pull young bird S
head from between two boards, or to dis
engage 1t from vine in which it has
become tangled.
There are probably more English SPAR
rows getting themselves into tight fixes
than any other species. Just why this
is we do not know, except that these
birds have more youngsters than other
birds. and that amid so many there is a
larger chance for ineptitude
1t is probable that out of the three or
four young cardinals in nest all will
grow to perfect maturity, but that out of
the score or more English sparrows born
in a season two or three or even more
Will be misfits
These culls, as they might be called,
are birds which have suffered malnutri-
ton, owing to the immense amount of
food which the parents must bring to so
many babies. Some of them, it would
seem, must be neglected. These often
are large, puffy-looking fellows, but with
out the stamina which the others pos
sess. Often they cannot stand on their
legs, or in other ways are unfit to carry
on the battle of life
1t is these birds, we believe, which
furnish most of the specimens which get
caught in vines and the like.
One sparrow impaled itself on a thorn
of the Van Fleet rose vine. The thorn
caught it in the breast. The bird finally
pulled loose and flew away, apparently
not much hurt.
Two sparroWs got their feet tangled up
in the stems of the leaves of rhododen-
drons and hung until freed. These birds
were fortunate to have been seen by
human beings.
One got caught and held head down
between stake and the back of a
feeding station. This bird was dead
when discovered. Just how long they
can hang upside down we do not know
but do not imagine it is very long.
The imperfect sparrow We have named
Stuka, owing to her way of landing on
her bill and her breast, rather than on
her legs, is still seen occasionally, hale
and hearty except for her odd way OF
diving town.
There can be no doubt that blue jays
and other large biros often save the lives
of small birds which get themselves into
unpleasant situations. There is not much
that they can do. since they do not have
hands, but they do the best they can
and that is all any one can do
Once We saw a starting aid another
startling in an unintended and i'm
promptu way. He was standing on a
slice of bread in the snow. when the
other bird flew down on his back and
seized piece of bread over his head.
Evening star., 1941-10-22
IRVING STREET NE.

Dear Sir:
"A strange thing happened this morn
ing at my home. I heard blue jay
screaming unusually loud and went out
on my porch to investigate. Saw tiny
bird lying head down, no head could
be seen. I picked up the stem of a
hollyhock leaf and poked around gently
underneath and suddenly the head
popped up from between the cracks in
board and away it few and away few
my pet. blue jay who sits on the acacia
tree outside.
Sincerely, M. B. c."
We are glad some one points to one
of the many good points of the jays,
because so much has been said against
these fine birds.
The jays have many good features, in
addition to their fine plumage and wag-
gish ways.
One of the best of these, from the
bird standpoint, is their constant and
unremitting duty as alarms
Jays always sound the warning for
the other birds.
it is jay who is sure to spot him first,
and 10 set up great outcry.
Other birds. including the robins. re-
spond at once. All the songsters follow
in the wake of the intruder, screaming
and chirping at him, each sort giving
the alarm note peculiar to it.
The jays outcries are known to most
persons who pay any attention at all to
bird life.
His most popular cry is a shrill scream,
cry of defiance to the world.
He accompanies this call with a bend
ing of his knees" and forward thrust
ing of his head.
He never utters it without making
these preliminary movements.
The jays peculiar scream is not al
together cry of alarm. The alarm note
Is just a bit more raucous than the
ordinary scream. 1t is always shrill, but
even shriller when it is meant to sound
the alarm.
Ordinarily this call is simply an ex-
preston of joy on the birds part. He
gives IL dS ne 1leS down 10 a perch,
or when perched on a gutter atop a
house.
1t is not commonly realized that the
jay has many. other notes.
Some of these are soft and purring, al
most, with genuine sweetness in them.
Many observers who think the bird can
do nothing but scream fail to attribute
to him the soft calls which he makes.
Since this bird is somewhat of a rogue,
he likes to make fun Of other songsters.
Hence he can make all sorts of sounds
which might seem to be sent forth Just
to puzzle them.
One of these is a whirring noise, much
on the order of the old wooden rattles,
made by series of cogs, which used to
be so popular
Jays share with starlings supreme
ability TO help other birds.
Starlines are always pulling f1edgling
Evening star., 1941-10-22
Wants Better Service
In Less Expensive Restaurants.
ERIC UNDERWOOD

To the Editor of The Star:
On a visit to Washington, after 30
years, celebrating my honeymoon ami
versary, find here in the brainiest city
in the world, one thing missing-and I
surely thought that Washington had
solved 1t!
1t is the same old story about the
eating question. I hate to carry a tray
in the cafeteria, and I cannot afford
higher priced restaurant prices and tip
except on special occasions.
Is there no ingenuity among resource
full people here to introduce service
that by mechanical means presents ones
order .(for food or drink at the table
in comfort? JOHN BELLION.
Evening star., 1941-10-22
Replies to Mackenzie Article
Criticizing Churchill Policy of War.

To the Editor of The Star:
Will you allow an English visitor to
express astonishment at Dewitt Mac
kenzie's article, Britain Must Take
Risks to Win?
Has Mr.. Mackenzie never heard of the
British forces landed in Norway, Greece,
Crete and Libya, not to speak Of Syria
and Iran? Most of those expeditions
involved immense risks in the face of
incalculable odds, and were carried out
with skill and resource and, it is scarcely
necessary to add, courage and audacity,
at heavy cost in life and materiel.
A criticism, more commonly levelled
against Winston Churchill and his mill
tary chiefs is that they are too much
inclined to take risks!
, Your columnists statement that half
a million arms workers in 300 key fac
tories in England demanded the opening
of second battle front to aid Russia
is not correct A meeting of factory
stewards, members of the National Coun-
Gil of Engineering and Allied Trades,
Evening star., 1941-10-22
Thinks Dark Page in History
Will End When Americans Help.
To the Editor of The Star:

To the Editor of The Star:
The people of Great Britain are wait
ing impatiently to help the Red Army
deliver the death blow against Hitlerism.
They are clamoring for a western front.
The peoples of the conquered countries
are praying for an invasion so that they,
too, may take up arms against Hitler.
But 1t is the United States that holds
the key to the future. On the day when
the American people are willing to
shoulder their own responsibility in the
safeguarding of our democracy, on the
day that the United States declares it is
willing to aid in the establishment OF
western front-on that day will be the
beginning of the end of one of the dark
est pages in the history of mankind.
MRS. S. j. RODMAN. =
Arlington, Va.
Evening star., 1941-10-22
Huskin's Answers
To Questions
By Frederic J. HdSktn.

reader can get the dnSlDer to any
question of fact by ,Drittrg The EUe-
ming Star Information Bureau, Fred
eric J. HaSkin, director, Washington,
D. c. Please i1lclose stamp for reply.
O. How many trucks are being used
in defense work?-R. L. B.
A. According to the O. P. M. Priorities
Division, more than l 900 900 trucks are
operating on United States highways
hauling defense goods.
@. Where is the largest coffee planta-
ton in the world?-M B. c.
A. 1t is one in the state of Sac Paulo,
Brazil. which contains more than A.
100000 trees.
O. How far have salmon been known
to travel to spawn?-C. P. S.
A. The longest known run to be made
by salmon from open sea to fresh water
is up the Yukon River to Caribou Cross
ing, distance of 2250 miles.
O. What is the per capita share Of
the public debit. T. G.
more than s5l 900 100000, or more than
1896 per person.
@. How much did the Dnieper River
Dam in Russia COSTS. j. R.
A. 1t was constructed at a cost of
$4,000, 900.
@. What percentage of fatal automo-
bile accidents are caused by intoxica-
tiOn?-C. S. H.
A. According to the l941 edition of
Accident Facts" published by the Ma
tional Safety Council, a driver or a
pedestrian who had been drinking was
involved in one out of every five fatal
accidents, or 20 per cent.
@. Who starred in the 1927 production
Of The Doctors Dilemma" in New York
City?-A. S. K
A Alfred Lunt and Lynn Fontanne
appeared in that production.
Evening star., 1941-10-22

vored a $4,000 limit for civil cases,
and ten-year tenure for judges, in
stead of six, as the bill provides. The
departure from these standards,
however, does not in the slightest
impair the value of the measure,
which is in every respect an excellent
one.
In reporting out the legislation
few days ago, the House District
Committee declared that it is needed
ito correct many evils caused either
by bad management or lack of man
agement." The bill deserves and no
doubt will receive prompt and fav-
orable action in the Senate.
Evening star., 1941-10-22
School Fire Inspections

The revised procedure ordered by
the Commissioners for the annual
fire inspection of public school build
ings has three desirable aspects. In
the first place, it will. continue the
very thorough checkups by the fire
marshal that have been made during
recent years. Second, it will in
dicate definitely whether conditions
in particular buildings are serious,
thus justifying demands for correc-
ton or Spiking alarmist stories where
there is no cause for fear. Third,
the new order puts the Commits
sioners on record as intending to seek
annually, beginning in the 1943
budget, $4,000 item to repair some
OF the major fire hazards reported
by the inspectors. This appropria-
ton will be sought until every school
is considered by the fire marshal to
be satisfactory.
1t is especially gratifying that the
Commissioners have seen fit to back
the proposal for annual appropria-
tions, which will be added to the re-
pair fund for school buildings and
grounds. In recent years this item
has been cut by various agencies
dealing with the school budget far
below the amount school officials feel
is necessary to keep a plant, valued
at some S4O,OOO,OOO, from deteriorat-
ing. Only with such a fund spe-
cif1cally available for fire hazard re-
duction will the accumulation of fire
hazards over a period of years be
erased.
Evening star., 1941-10-22

@. What are "jeep' cars?-B. r.
A. The "jeep' cars manufactured for
the Army are high-speed. 1-ton vehicles
designed to carry three men and a
machine gun on "mopping up" opera
tions over rough ground following ad-
vances by tanks. The cars have four
cylinder, 6l-horSepower engines and
four-wheel drive, which enables them
to climb 60-degree grade, cruise at 50
miles an hour and go at an 8O-mile-an-
hour top speed.
@. Where was Abel buried?-E. J.H.
A. Tradition says that his grave is at
Abila, near Damascus.
@. What is the name of Mussolinis
official biographer?-S. R. J.
A. Margherita Sarfatti.
q Please compare the attendance at
basketball and. hockey games.-R. L. G.
A. Basketball attracts a paid annual
attendance of 9500O,OOO while hockey
draws an audience of 100000.
@. Who designed the University of
CHICdSO CAdpel!-I. r. H.
A. 1t was designed by the noted archi-
tect Bertram Grosvenor Goodhue, and
dedicated in 1929.
@. Does the old oregon Trail pass
through Idaho?-T G. H.
A. This famous route enters Idaho
from Wyoming on the southeast and
leaves the State at Weiser on the west.
@ Who is the patron saint of ordnance
workers in the Navy?-D. A. S.
A. The Navy Department says that
the patron saint of ordnance workers
in the United States Navy is Santa Bar
bara, martyr who lived in the fourth
century A. D. Because she was con-
sidered the protectress against lightning
and, in general against explosion and
fire of any sort, she was accepted as the
patron saint of cannoneers and ordnance
men.
G. What percentage of women's hats
sell for less than S5-T V. S.
A. Eighty per cent of all Womens hats
sell at retail for less than 81.
Q. In what year did four Army gen.
erals run for the presidency?-S. T. H.
A. In 1880 Gems w. S. Hancock, James
B. Weaver, Neal Dow and James A.
Garfield were presidential candidates.
Gen. Garfield was elected.
@. What kind of wood is used in max
ing baseball bats?-M. H. E
A. Seventy-five per cent of all base
ball bats are made OF second growth
white ash and the remabrder of hickory.
Evening star., 1941-10-22
Census and Youth Problem

~~S Win SItShb
When sociologists and others talk
about "the youth problem" what do
they mean by that phrase and to how
many young people do they refer
when they employ it? The Bureau
of the Census answers: Between the
ages of fifteen and twenty-four for
NAL education ceases, self-Support
begins, marriages take place and
separate homes and family groups
are established, the functions of cit
izenShip begin to be exercised and
legal responsibility for personal acts
must be accepted. During this
period most individuals change the
pattern of their activities almost
completely from that of a protected
school child in a parental home to
that of the responsible head or wife
of head of separate family. We
call persons within these transition
ages youth and we have come to
speak Of the whole series of problems
OA1CAC al lSC WllllIll IlllS u
period : as the youth problem. -"
Preliminary 1910 population fig
ureS, the bureau says, "Show that in
the age group fifteen to nineteen
years there are 12,346,481 persons,
more than in any other five-year age
group" The third most numerous
group is that aged twenty to twenty
four, with II SCI ,533 persons" When
combined in a single bracket, these
two classificationS, totaling 23,9080l4,
represent 1872 per cent of the entire
American folk
The events Of recent years, accord
ing to the census philosophers, have
tended to shorten the in-school
period, while delaying the beginning
of work in self-supporting jobs. 1T
is this period of idleneSS between
school and work that has been called
the crux' of the youth problem"
Obviously partial correction of at
least one aspect of the difficulty has
been provided by the Selective Serv-
ice law under which several mil
lions of young men already have
received or are receiving training
which at once occupies their lei
sure and contributes to national
defense.
But careful examination of the
bureaus statistics indicates, as its
director suggests, within the next
five years we shall probably have
the greatest number of youth aged
fifteen to tWenty-four we have ever
had or may expect to have in the
predictable future" 1t follows that
the immediate present will likely
be marked by new peaks in the
need for educational facilities at the
college level and in the demand for
jobs available to persons without
previous work experience" Next.
there normally should be decreases
in school enrolment except to the
degree that this can be offset by in
creaSing the proportion attending
school" and correlative decrease in
the number entering the labor
market each year"
'The youth problem" then, in the
days just ahead will be in some part
aproblem of adjustment to the social,
economic and cultural environment
of the Nation. 1t has connotations
of influence upon both older and still
younger groups. One factor which
necessarily must be accorded special
consideration is that of the con-
staptly rising percentage of persons
twenty-five years of age or over. 1t
is into this group that youth passes
Evening star., 1941-10-22

operate with their country for our
mutual benefit When they return
home, they will be able to interpret
us to their people, widening the
circle of understanding. Thus their
visit here is a real contribution to
hemisphere solidarity.
Evening star., 1941-10-22

1t seems there is bootleg trade in
cosmetics in old Ireland. If true,
this makes buns out of the writer's
of Irish songs and poems for, accord
ing to all of them, no colleen ever
needs any such thing.
Evening star., 1941-10-22

Publicity was recently given to an
Iowa farm which boasts a calf with
its heart in its throat. Parents of
adolescent boys have occasionally
seen junior give a good imitation of
this freak.
Evening star., 1941-10-22

A Pennsylvania farmer accidental
ly stepped on power "takeoff" and
found himself standing in his soy
bean field wearing hat, one sock
and shoes only. His dazed and de-
nuded feeling is understood by many
of us just after each March Is.
Evening star., 1941-10-22
Letters to the Editor

Letters to the Editor must
bear the name and address of
the 10riter, although the use of
a pSeudonyn1 for publication is
permissible. The Star reserves
the right to edit all letters nth
Die1U to condensation.
Evening star., 1941-10-22

Modern Manners A 80 page
authoritative booklet in question
and answer form covering intro
ductions, invitations, acknowledge
ments, cards and calling, engage
ments. weddings. christenings.
funerals and table manners. An
up-to-date guide for correct be-
havior on all occasions. To secure
your copy inclose 10 cents in coin.
wrapped in this clipping, and mail
to The Star Information Bureau.
Name
Address
Evening star., 1941-10-22

@. Please compare the attendance at
basketball and. hockey games-R. L. G
A. Basketball attracts a paid annual
attendance of 95.OOOOOO while hockey
draws an audience of 6,OOOO 900.
Evening star., 1941-10-22

@. What is the name of Mussolinis
official biographer?-S r. J.
A. Margherita Sarfatti.
Evening star., 1941-10-22

@. Who designed the University of
Chicago Chapel?-T. FIJI.
A. 1t was designed by the noted archi-
tect, Bertram Grosvenor Goodhue, and
dedicated in 1929.
Evening star., 1941-10-22

@. Where was Abel buried?-E.
A. Tradition says that his grave is at
Abila, near Damascus.
Evening star., 1941-10-22

@. What percentage of womens hats
sell for less than s5-T. V. S.
A. Eighty per cent of all women's hats
sell at retail for less than 81.
Evening star., 1941-10-22

@. In what year did four Army gen.
erals run for the presidency?-S. T. H
A. In 1880 Gems. w. S. Hancock, jaime!
B. Weaver Neal Dow and James A
Garfield were presidential candidates
Gen. Garfield was elected.