davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1941-07-16

The mystery of the whereabouts Of the
female towhee has been solved.
The male has been in the yard for
three years, winter as well as summer,
but its mate was nowhere to be found.
The other evening just at 7 O'Clock the
female flew down into the yard.
There she was. as large as life, neat
brown bird with brown head instead
of the black head of her mate.
The towhees seem to be wearing capes
with hoods all over the heads, except for
the difference in color of the latter.
This was the third time that we had
seen female towhee.
The first time was five or six years
ago when the bird appeared for a few
minutes in the weeds which had grown
up along the fence
1t is great scratcher, digging for in
sects.
The second appearance was in a shrub
half way up the block, about year later.
Since then there apparently has been
no female towhee in the neighborhood,
although the male has been in evidence
for three years, as stated.
- *
The nest. according to authorities, is
on the ground under weeds or bushes or a
clump of grass.
The place may be in the woods or out
in the open. Vacant lots are favorite
places.
1t seems that not all towhees build the
same sort of nest
One pair will construct remarka bly
neat. compact nest, whereas the very
next pair will make an indifferent sort
OF structure.
They range from small to large, with
the materials spread out and quite care
lessly thrown together in some instances,
and neat and compact in others.
Leaves, grass, twigs and bits of fiber
are built into the cup, with small, fine
roots and grass used as the lining, soft
enough for any baby bird.
Four eggs usually are laid. They are
either white or pale pink-white, overlaid
with light chestnut
Both of these birds show white in their
tails as they fly, and some along the
wings, but cannot be confused with the
mockingbird which also shows white as
1t flies
The towhee seem to wear hoods, as
previously stated. and this sets them
apart, as we'll as their coloration. Both
birds are brown. rather on the reddish
side, with bits of gold and white
The ilis is red
The male is, of course, the spectacular
member of the family
His black head is unique
The female has none of his showiness
She must be watched for closely if she
is to be spotted.
1t is with her as with the female
Evening star., 1941-07-16
THIS AND THAT
BIZ Charles Z. Trdce1oeI.

indigo bunting, which is a plain brown
bird. but the difference between the
towhees Is not so great.
The male indigo bunting is all blue, OF
the peculiar tint which chsracterizes the
paper wrapped around absorbent cotton
1t is an infrequent visitor to suburban
yards during the summer.
No doubt many persons have over
looked it, thinking it must be bit OF
paper in the yard.
The female is just plain brown, so diff
ferent that few persons would suspect
the relationship.
One need not expect to see either OF
the indigo BIRDS as they are sometimes
called, very often; nor to have both OF
the towhees at feeding station.
We have never seen the female at the
station and have never heard OF one
eating with the other birds.
The male, once he becomes used to the
idea, will fly up into an elevated station
with the greatest of ease.
If the bird observer is fortunate male
towhee will be with him all winter.
Surely there are few handsomer birds
than this, with its red eye, it touches of
gold and cinnamon, its black head and
Its white on wings and tail.
But to be able to appreciate the bird
you must see it at close range, and this
is where the window sill feeder comes in.
Feeders at windows may be of two
kinds, either one attached to the sill,
usually just a shelf with a raised edge.
or a house-like affair on stake fairly
close to the window
The former may be filled from the
window, whereas the latter usually has TO
be filled from outside. Either way, the
feeding birds are brought close to eve.
They are viewed at leisure and so close
that details which escape one at a
distance are readily seen now.
The mild eye of the catbird. for in
stance, is not seen at some distance 1t is
only when your eye is close to that of
the catbird that its character is seen to
be so remarkably kind.
There are few birds which have nicer
eyes than the catbirds If the eyes are
windows of the soul as has been said,
this bird must be capable of some
spiritual growth.
The male towhee, for all the redness
of his eye, has a fine, gentlemanly ex-
preston. This is because, in nature,
there are no moral equations to bother
with; all that counts, in most instances,
is the physical combination
And the coloring of the male towhee is
so rich, though refined, that the red iris
blends perfectly with the rest of him.
The bill is black in summer. and part
black in winter. If you want to see
really splendid fellow, keep your eve open
for the male towhee or chewink, as some
call him But you may have to wait
long time before you see his mate.
Evening star., 1941-07-16
Equitable Pay PIon

Senate passage of the Ramspeck-
Mead uniform promotion plan, as
Stunning that the House will concur
in technical changes, marks the sue
cessful end of a commendable effort
to place Government employees on
an equitable and uniform promotion
basis.
The legislation is based on study
begun a year and half ago by the
Budget Bureau at the request OF
the House Appropriation Commit
tee, and which revealed marked diff
terences in. salary levels. In some
departments, especially the older
ones, a very conservative attitude
toward promotions was discovered.
Evening star., 1941-07-16
DuyIiqht Saving

President Roosevelt has made out
a good case for Nation wide daylight
saving in his message to Congress on
that subject. The possibility that
1886, 6,282 900 kilowatt hours of elec-
tricity could be saved annually by
year-round readjustment of clocks
so as to- take fullest advantage Of
solar light is a compelling argument
in favor Of national daylight saw
ing program. The estimates of power
conservation made by the Federal
Power Commission have the support
OF World War I experience. Con-
greSs placed the country on daylight
saving time in March of 1918 and
repealed the legislation on August
29, 1919, after farmers had waged a
campaign against it on the ground
that 1t complicated farm routine.
Woodrow Wilson later told Congress
that the act had achieved it's pur-
pose of placing "the chief business
activities of the country as nearly
as possible within the limits of day.
light throughout the year" and that
1t had effected very great economies
of fuel and 4 substantial economy
of energy"
In suggesting to the Governors OF
eight Southeastern States that. if
their laws permit, they establish day.
light saving in their respective juris-
dictions by proclamation, pending
enactment of a national law, the
President gave recognition to warm
ings by the Federal Power Commits
sion OF power shortage in that vital
industrial area, where aluminium and
other defense materials are being
produced, The production of alum
mum depends largely on the amount
Of electric power available.
Daylight saving already is in effect
In all or parts Of sixteen States. a
situation that makes for confusion
in transportation timetables and
radio programs. Nation wide day.
light saving would eliminate this
confusion. Another advantage of
the plan is that it would afford
workers more time for daylight rec
reation, thereby improving their
morale and their efficiency. Even
though the collateral benefits of day.
light saving we're discounted, how
ever, the Importance of the time shift
as defense measure should be suffi-
ciently persuasive to insure favorable
action by Congress. Such action
should be taken without further loss
of time.
Evening star., 1941-07-16

while in others, notably the newer
and rapidly expanding agencies
operating under large lump-sum
appropriations. it was reported that
exceedingly liberal salary advance
ment policies have been followed,
Notwithstanding the fact that funds
for such purposes were neither al
lowed nor requested" This condition,
it was held, ran counter to the Clas-
sification Act principle of equal pay
for equal work.
To correct this obviously 0equit-
able situation, the RamspGsk- Mead
bill provides that, when efficiency
ratings are in order, employees below
the $4,000 salary level shall move
up one step within their respective
grades of the Classification Act every
eighteen months. Those above the
$4,000 level, again assuming they
have the proper efficiency rating, are
to be advanced one step every thirty
months. Thus, over a period of ten
years, competent workers can expect
to reach the top of their grades. 1t
is estimated that the total cost of
the program will be about $29.000,-
900, although its sponsors contend
this will be offset to some extent by
increased efficiency, lowered turn
over and general improvement in
employe morale.
Final approval of this measure.
which, Incidentally, will automati-
cally bring to an end the ban on in
grade promotions, may be expected
to do away with salary raises based
on favoritism and assure to every
qualified employe an equal oppor-
tunity for advancement. For these
reasons, it marks another triumph
for the sound civil service principles
so long advocated by the authors of
the legislation - Senator Mead Of
New York and Representative Ram
speck Of Georgia.
Evening star., 1941-07-16
A Separate Air Stoff

The formation Of a separate head
quarters staff for the newly reor-
ganized Army Air Forces under
Major General Henry H. Arnold is
significant indication that this in
creasingly important branch of the
service is being built up into a
genuinely autonomous force, as
promised by Secretary of War
Stimson
True, the semi-independent air
forces still remain definitely under
the command of the Army's own
general staff and evidently there is
no present plan for altering that de-
pendency. Yet the new setup, which
unfetters the air forces to marked
degree, certainly brings them nearer
to complete autonomy than, for
example, the armored forces.
In the new form, more closely re-
sembling the British Royal Air Force,
the air staff will plan for and pro-
cure planes and train personnel as
an independent unit of the Army.
But over it hangs the veto power of
the general staff, although there is
every intention to give the air staff
complete discretion in matters of
general policy.
The organization of the air staff
closely parallels that of the general
staff on which General Arnold also
serves as deputy chief for air. He is
given his own chief of staff, in
spector, adjutant general and secre-
tary. Likewise. the air staff has its
own special divisions for personnel,
military intelligence, operations and
training, materials and supply, as
we'll as war plans division and a
its own budget section So it can be
seen that the advance beyond the
old status as an Army Air Corps is
great.
Chief among the functions of the
new staff is to prepare the essential
overall plans for the Army Air
Forces. while its operating functions
are primarily to direct and CO.
ordinate the activities of the major
components Some time will elapse
before results can be judged. for
the staff has hardly begun to
function. Nowhere will develop
ments be studied more closely than
in those circles that formed the
spearhead of the movement to create
an independent air force under a
new department of aviation. While
sponsored as compromise, the new
arrangement is expected to accentu-
ate, rather than diminish, the con-
troversy over the place of aviation in
modern warfare of lightning move
ment, where success depends more
than ever before on complete su-
periority in the air.
Evening star., 1941-07-16
Harvester of Beauty

No,0 to be gone upon the summer
road,
Dust in little clouds about my feet
And ledues above my head, the green
abode
OF birds ,0hose songs are flagrees,
replete
With sun and shddot0. Rising in the
da1Un
While yet the cool den rests upon
the grass,
The dim, blue hills are distant and
withdrawn,
The fowers still are sleeping as ]
pass,
Waiting the sunrise. Do,0n the road
go,
FOLLOWING dreams that beckon,
hopes that call
But quietly, for days are long, !
knoD,
And winter lies beyond bright
autumnS 1UdH
NoD / must garner every lovely thing
Against the season o. remembering.
MARY WILLIS SHELBURNE.
Evening star., 1941-07-16
Constructive Decision

In upholding the second-degree
murder conviction of Richard S.
Nestlerode, who killed a man and a
woman last year in a drunken auto
mobile dash through the city, the
United States Court of Appeals has
rendered a decision which should
prove helpful in curbing motorists
who have no regard for the rights
of others.
Translated into nom technical Ian
guage. the decision laid down three
general propositions.
First, it held that the element of
malice necessary to sustain a con-
victiOn for SeCond-degree murder is
present when person wlllfully
drives a car in a manner reasonably
calculated to .endanger the lives of
others. Second, it refused to enter
tain a plea of temporary insanity
arising from drunkenness, pointing
out that Nestlerode deliberately
drank himself into a drunken stupor.
And, third, it held that as a matter
of public policy a drunken driver
should not be permitted to take
refuge in technicalities from the
lawful penalty for his acts. 1T
would be a sad reflection on justice
and a menace to society,"" the court
said, Ito hold that because he
(Nestlerode) had chosen to get
stupidity drunk, he should escape the
punishment of the law"
Except for sustaining the finding
as to the presence of malice, the
Evening star., 1941-07-16
Says Issue of War
Is World Government
Writer Insists BoIunce
Of Power Hos Been Upset
In Present Struggle
To the Editor OF The Star,

To the Editor OF The Star:
Expressions of opinion since Russia
entered the world conflict seem to in
dicate that there is widespread failure
to grasp the fundamentals of the present
situation. Many ask how this can be a
war for democracy when Britain is
allied with Russia and foe of Finland
The confusion has been occasioned
largely by President Roosevelt's constant
emphasis on democracy as If democracy
were the principal issue; but the essence
OF the matter Is different.
II there were an efficient world gov
ernment implemented with courts pre-
pared to settle international questions
and provided with police forces sufficient
to carry out their decisions, the rights
of all nations would be secure-or have
an equal chance at security. But in the
absence of such government the safety
OF the larger nations rests solely upon
the maintenance of a balance of power
and the safety Of the smaller ones on
present time however, this balance of
power is seriously threatened. The sur
render of France removed one of the
guarantees of that balance, the collapse
of Russia would remove another, and it
would leave in Europe only Great
Britain as a counterweight to Germany
Apparently some Americans can view
this unbalancing in Europe with
eouanimity, but more discerning persons
sense the danger to all of us in the
threatened emergence of a single all
powerful state. Democracies are in
governments of all descriptions and that
is why, for the moment, the interests of
Britain, America and the U. S. S. r. hap
pen to be the same. They are brought
together by that old instinct for self
preservation often spoken of as the first
law of nature" Besides, it is not ques-
ton of making Russia dominant instead
of Germany. 1t is a question of keeping
either from being dominant, and just
now Germany happens to be the greater
threat. Should the contest take turn
against Germany and Russian power in
crease in portentous manner, new
alignment would rapidly develop, and
the Anglo-Saxon nations might suddenly
find themselves transformed into Ger
many's allies. The situation is, of course,
utterly stupid, and the endangered
nations will be more than foolish if
AGAIN thew ALLOW q world uar to epd II,
anything short Of a world government.
JOHN r. SWANTON
Evening star., 1941-07-16

decision does not lay down new law.
But it does hold out encouragement
to public officials who believe that
the laws against drunken driving
should be vigorously enforced, and
it should serve as strong deterrent
to any one who may be tempted to
drive car while under the influence
of LIQUOR.
Evening star., 1941-07-16

Science announces that a more
reasonably expensive, although still
most complicated, way has been
found to extract gold from sea water.
If there is still enough around for
the dentists, it would seem to the
layman that there is not a whole lot
of difference between down in the
drink and down in that hole.
Evening star., 1941-07-16
Quotes Criminal Justice Report
On Social Problems and Crime.

TO the Editor OF The Star,
Now that the District of Columbia
Police Department has practically been
pictured as one of the worst in the Ma
ton, it is interesting to note the follow
ing statements in the fifth annual report
of the Washington Criminal Justice As
sociation, recently released:
The gradual increase of serious crime
in Washington since 1888 is indicative of
a general trend reported for most metro
politan areas during this period. In many
instances this increase has been sub
stantially larger than the increase noted
for the District of Columbia.
The problem of the colored criminal
in the District of Columbia has its roots
deeply interviewer in a multitude of So
Evening star., 1941-07-16

You may have noticed that there
are now fewer poppy seeds in poppy
seed rolls. War is, indeed, just what
General Sherman described it as
being.
Evening star., 1941-07-16

Did you ever notice the extremely
brief life of a cigar in fiction? A
few starting puffs, an exchange of
two or three sentences, and even
Giant Perfecto size is but butt.
Evening star., 1941-07-16
Replies TO Criticism
OF Dairy Farmers.

To the Editor of The Star:
In The Star for July IL j. Arthur
Shaw urges denunciation of tactics in
the milk strike in New York State.
Evidently Mr.. Shaw does not know
that the milk supposed to have been
dumped by farmers, according to one
photograph, was skim milk mot 'im-
portant food') and the dumping was
staged for photographers, which is just
another case of the farmer taking the
blame. as evidenced by an article In the
Boonville IN. " Herald of July 10.
G.. j,
Evening star., 1941-07-16

The Associated Press is exclusively emitted to
the use for republication Of all news dispatches
credited 10 1t or not otherwise credited in this
paper and also the local news published herein.
All rights Of publication of special diSpatc
herein also reserved
Evening star., 1941-07-16
Letters to the Editor

Letters to the Editor must
bear the name and address of
the tUriter, although the use OF
a pSeudonynl for publication is
permissible. The Star reSerDeS
the right to edit all letters Dith
a Uie1U to condensation.
Evening star., 1941-07-16
Now. there was another Lincoln N

whom the American people once placed
a great and confident trust who said:
AT what point shall we expect the
approach of danger? BY what means
shall we fortify against it? Shall we
expect some transatlantic military
giant to step across the Atlantic and
crush us at blow? Never All the
armies of Europe, Asia and Africa COM
bined, with all the treasure of the
earth tour own excepted) in their
military chest, with a Bonaparte for a
commander, could not, by force. take
drink from the Ohio, or make track
on the Blue Ridge, in trial of a thou
sand years.
AT what point then. is the approach
of danger to be expected? I answer. If
it ever reaches us, it must spring up
among us. 1t cannot come from abroad
If destruction be our lot, we must our
selves be its author and finisher. As a
nation of freemen, We must live through
all time, or die by suicide"
Lincoln then warns of the kind of
ambition that may some day destroy
the temple of liberty erected by our fore
fathers: 1T scorns to tread in the foot
steps of any predecessor, however illus
trious. 1t thirsts and burns for distinc-
ton, and, if possible. it will have it.
whether at the expense of emancipating
slaves or enslaving freemen. Is it un-
reasonable then, to expect that some
men. possessed of the loftiest genius
coupled with ambition sufficient to push
it to its utmost stretch, will not at some
time spring up among us? And when
such one does, it will require the people
to be united with each other, attached
to the Government and laws and gen.
orally intelligent, to successfully frus-
trate his design. Distinction will be his
paramount object and although he would
As willingly, perhaps more so, acquire it
by doing good as harm, yet that op-
portunity being passed. and nothing left
to be done in the way of building up.
he would sit down boldly to the task of
pulling down. Here, then, is a probable
case. highly dangerous, and such one
as could not well have existed hereto
fore"
Thus spoke Abraham Lincoln 100 years
ago. w. F. WILMOTH.
Evening star., 1941-07-16
Huskin's Answers
To Questions
BIZ Frederic J. HdSktn.

A reader can get the dnSDer to onv
question OF fact by tDrtttng The Eue-
ming Star Information Bureau, Fred
eric J. Hoskin, director, Washington,
DC. Please inclose stamp tor reply.
O. Is the mace always effective in re-
storing order in the House of Repre-
sentatiyes in Washington, D. C.?-F, c.
A. Never once in the history of the
Republic has the mace failed. Usually
when a member becomes unduly con-
tentlous he can be Gained simply by the
sergeant at arms holding the mace be-
fore him, which is called presenting the
mace"
Evening star., 1941-07-16

Everyday Science A 4S page
booklet on fascinating facts. An
swers in the language of the lay
man hundreds of questions about
the stars, the weather: animals.
plants; the natural features of
the earth and the study of the
mind-the things the average
reader wants to know about the
world in which he lives. There is
real pleasure in knowing the
how and why of so many ordinary
things. To secure your copy of
this informative booklet inclose 10
cents in coin wrapped in this
clipping and mail 70 The Star In
formation Bureau.
Name
Address
Evening star., 1941-07-16
cial factors. The relatively high crim'

rate in relation to the total percentage
of population cannot be explained on the
basis of race. Delinquency rates are
symptomatic of social maladjustment
and as such should lead to further study
of causative factors
All of which might make some
thoughtful people conclude that maybe
we do need more policemen; perhaps We
could use more efficiency, too, but we
also need an intelligent public that will
insist upon certain social changes that
in themselves will reduce the will to
break the law.
GEORGE w. GOODMAN,
Executive Secretary, Washington Urban
League, Inc.
Evening star., 1941-07-16
Praises Authors
ACTION.

Praises Authors
OF Sensible" Articles.
To the Editor of The Star:
Your paper on July 7 printed two
articles which, think, are gems; one by
Dorothy Thompson, and the other by
Bishop Hurley. both packed full OF good
sense. More power to them.
c. PALMER.
Evening star., 1941-07-16

either in the departments or with the
Red Cross units. The boys are "over
there"
Finally November IL. 1918, the city
simply goes wild, President Woodrow
Wilson stands outside the White House,
the crowds cheer and cheer, the bands
play. Mr.. Wilson valves graciously to
all. The war is over. Democracy is
savedl
Now. le4l, are we going through this
all over ssain to save the world? OF
Evening star., 1941-07-16
Wants Takes Restricted

Wants Takes Restricted
For Three Reasons.
To the Editor of The Star:
Why not help reduce three much dis
cussed. Washington plagues-unnecessary
noise, trafiic congestion and excessive gas
consumption-by a single move; that is,
by curbing the rowing taxi cabs?
ACTION.