davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1941-05-04
Review OF Eighty-Seventh Week of War
BY Oliver Mckee.

destruction completed their evacuation of
M on the Balkan campaign HerS bzkrg another
" conquered another gallant the
the Mosul oil fields the
deend themselves against Axis invasion according Edward
Associated
draWa OF the Allied forces from the
the Axis strongly reinforced
imperial forces commanded by Sir Archibald
broke out IN aq between British forces and those the
OF RaStid Ali AL Gallant
there reports that the
transport planes to attempt
a body blow at British control
The the Nazi Luwafe
week. Plymouth Portsmouth, Dover Liverpool other British cities
suffered heavy damage and the with
military obcves the continent criticism
lStraon Prime Minister Churchill his cabinet Friday
elevalng Beaverbrook
necessary protect interests help build
the Atlantic Mr. Roosevelt
of shipping to the job carrying
called American industry
Evening star., 1941-05-04
JAPANESE 'FEELER' FOR NEGOTIATED PEACE
Suggests Study Newspapers Proposal
By

than the specific terms, which might
have to be modified in many respects
to be acceptable either to Great
Britain or the United States.
The first principle in the Japanese
suggestion is the substitution of large
scale regionalism for the rampant ma
tionalism of recent decades. 1t is as
sumed that certain great powers are
going to dominate both in contiguous
and more distant territory. Recogni-
ton of this development as the basis
of peace is asked. The United States,
Great Britain, Germany, Japan and
Russia are then named as the nations
which should arrange the terms.
The proposed peace would, at least
temporarily, recognize the present polit-
ical grouping of these powers. 1t would,
for instance, seek to establish a parity
of naval strength between the Axis
group on the one hand and the Anglo
American combination on the other.
After achievement of this parity pro-
gressive disarmament would be sought.
Colonies Redistributed.
The projected peace would also accom-
plish demilitarization of overseas naval
bases and joint administration of key
seaways, such as the Suez Canal, which
do not lie directly within the sphere
of influence" of one or other of the
dominant powers. The British Navy
would be asked to withdraw from the
Mediterranean.
Existing colonial territory, under the
Japanese plan, would be redistributed
rather than pooled, with co-administra-
ton established in certain areas De-
velopments of self-government in these
areas would seemingly not be encouraged,
except in the case of India. Equality
of access to raw materials is sought.
In Continental Europe, and other
regions under the dominance of single
great power, local autonomy would be
encouraged for established national cul-
lures. 1t is also specified that religious
and political liberty would be enjoined
throughout the world" But clearly this
does not envisage the restoration of van
ished national governments.
While there is much that is subject to
criticism in these general principles. let
alone the specific arrangements which
would be based thereon, the Japanese
contribution can be very helpful in
crystaflizing considerations of the form
and structure of the postwar world.
In these proposals forward-looking
groups and individuals at least have a
definite basis for discussion Every item
in the proposal of the Japan Times
Advertiser should now be impartially
scrutinized and examined on the basis
of its moral, political and economic
desirability.
To the present writer it seems that an
outstanding deficiency in the proposals,
viewed as a preliminary blueprint of
future world organization, is the absence
of any plan for central oversight over
the suggested arrangements.
1t is true that some new central au-
thority u implied, but 1t is not specified.
Evening star., 1941-05-04

While inadmissble in many particu-
lars, the exploratory" peace terms put
forward last week by the Japan Times
Advertiser nevertheless constitute truly
constructive effort. They deserve the
most serious consideration in the United
States where, as this Toxic newspaper
says, "the momentous decision of war or
peace" is now being made.
This Japanese trial balloon is the more
significant because the Times-AdvertiSer,
an amalgamation of two Englishlan-
guage newspapers in Toxic, has now
become semi official organ of the Japa-
nese Foreign Office. So it can be taken
for granted that the current suggestions
have the approval of Foreign Minister
Matsuoka, who recently informed the
British government of Japan's willing
ness to mediate if her good Offices should
be desired.
Because Japan now is partner of the
Axis powers, the British government may
properly be somewhat suspicious of this
offer Similarly, because the United
States is now an avowed enemy of the
Axis, any parallel suggestion made from
Washington to Berlin would be dubiously
received in the German capital.
Divergent Defense Plans.
These opposing partisanships are in
herent in the positions assumed by
Japan and the United States in further
Ing what each regards as a reasonable
program for its own national defense.
Divergent and potentially hostile pro-
grams have brought each of the two
countries to the verge of outright mill
tary alliance with one of the major
belligerents. But both Japan and the
United States hesitate to follow through
on their respective policies because they
realize that to do so would probably
bring them into open conflict and thus
set the remainder of the world in flames.
The course which has been followed
tends to make either Japan alone, or the
United States alone, unsatisfactory as a
peacemaker. BY active, though opposite.
partisanship each has prejudiced its
claim to the function which is the high
est goal of craftsmanship. Both in Toxic
and Washington it has become difficult
to achieve the noble title for which
assurance was given in the Sermon on
the Mount: Blessed are the peace
makers, for they shall be called the
children of God"
BY the same token, however, Japan and
the United States acting together might
well achieve comparatively what neither
one is likely to accomplish separately.
The very policies which hamper each as
a separate peacemaker would strengthen
their joint action to that end Working
as a team, Foreign Minister Matsuoka
and Secretary of State Hull would be the
more powerful because, while they can
still join hands, each has a foot in an
opposing belligerent camp.
This is situation which makes the
Exploratory" suggestion of the Japan
Times Advertiser one of extraordinary
interest and Importance. The terms
Evening star., 1941-05-04
DOUGHTON FACES GREAT TAX PROBLEM
Chairman Has Passion for Loyalty Honesty und Fair Dealing

Mr.. Doughton has the keenest experts
in the land at his beck and call. He sits
as a horse sense" Judge on their tax
proposals, deciding whether they are fair
and equitable He commands the respect
and loyalty of his entire committee, in
Guiding Representative Allen T. Tread
way, Republican, of Massachusetts, the
ranking minority member, whose job it
is by position and persuasion to heckle.
Both are up against the works this
time They thought they had done some
thing in passing the ST. 900 100000 tax bill
last year. This $3500,000,000 bill tops
the World War record and is perhaps the
biggest revenue measure in all the his
tory of all the world.
For that, Mr.. Doughton may be par
doned in wanting personal credit for
steering it, He insists it be worked out
by the committee as a whole rather than
by the customary subcommittee. 1t will
save perhaps two months of discussion.
he says, and mo one knows what else
may confront us this summer"
Sales Tax Possible.
Folks must realize, he says, that their
country faces grave situation and be
prepared to pay for its salvation. He
says it eventually may warrant a sales
tax, but that he hopes not.
Some say it is his inherent tenacity Of
principle plus willingness to face issues
that appeals to Mr. Roosevelt. Washing.
ton legend says the Chief Executive, once
he has the hard-won word Of the North
Carolinian. can depend on 1t. If he
doesn't produce, newsmen pounce on it
as evidence that the whole Congress Is
out of hand.
There is a popular saying that once
his mind is made up, his head can't be
turned with an ak. This stubborn quality
earned him the cloakroom moniker,
"Muley" Doughton.
1t became popular back in the Hoover
administration, when Mr.. Doughton
lowered over his colleagues in hours Of
floor debate to help defeat sales tax
which was almost jan1med through. 1t
recurred when he took the floor to de-
nounce 25,OO0,000 petitions for the Town.
send plan as raising false hopes among
our old people; when he fought for the
social security bill as the greatest piece
of social legislation" and again when he
called up the reserve power of his long,
lean frame to hammer through the re-
ciprocal trade program of his old friend.
Secretary of State Hull of Tennessee.
Home folks asked Mr.. Doughton to run
for Governor in 1885 and for the Senate
in 1887. In both instances he said he
would, if they wished, and out cropped
stories that Mr.. Roosevelt was trying to
shake him for being too slow, too old
fashioned and too conservative. They
said there no longer was room for the
statesman who took his time to think"
But in each instance the President per-
suaded his calm old field marshal to stay
on the job which, after all, is second only
to that of the Speaker.
Evening star., 1941-05-04

from Libya and Syria. There were re-
were poised in the south of France for
drive through Spain to Gibraltar, Brit
ish baStion at the entrance of the Medi-
terranean, whose garrison is now COM
manded by Lord Gort, former leader of
the British Army in France.
On Thursday, the Germans and Ital-
ians unleashed a new offensive in North
Africa, where the Axis
Tobruk columns after a light
Besieoed ming swift advance, were
halted just inside the
Egyptian frontier. The British garrison
at Tobruk, cut off from Egypt by the
enemy advance on land, came under
heavy attacks during the week. Axis
forces penetrated the outer defenses of
Tobruk. BY air and by sea transport,
the Nazis were reported to have dis
patched formidable reinforcements to
North Africa.
The British, meanwhile, were far frem
idle. In addition to strengthening their
land base at Mersa Matruh, terminus of
railroad running west from Alexandria,
they attacked Axis communications,
troop concentrations and seaports along
the Libyan coast. In the Eastern Medi-
terranean the Royal Navy still has COM
mand of the sea, and as long as this
command is retained. the Axis forces in
North Africa will face the constant mem
ace of bombardment from the sea and
destruction of their supply ships.
In East Africa, imperial forces practi-
cally completed last week their campaign
against II Duces battered armies. In
battle that cleared the last of the Fascist
troops from Northeastern Ethiopia, South
African troops bagged more than 5000
italian prisoners at bessie. The Duke
of AoSta, italian commander in chief,
escaped by airplane, leaving behind him
40 trunks of personal baggage. British
conquests in East Africa released thou
sands of seasoned soldiers for service in
Egypt or in the Near East.
Evening star., 1941-05-04

Perhaps this is because of the previous
refusal of the United States to join the
League of Nations and consequent Japa-
nese uncertainty as to our present atti-
tude towards assuming definite interna-
tional responsibilities. Here is one op-
portunity for the administration to make
a clarifying expression of long-range
policy.
Of course some may be expected to
find the entire Japanese proposal in
tolerable precisely because it visualizes
peace achieved by mutual considera-
ton rather than by unilateral dictation.
Those of this school of thought are still
happily able to assure themselves that
in a dictated peace the debating will be
done by the right people.
Evening star., 1941-05-04
By Frank /. Weller,
The Stars Special News Service.

ham and sourwood honey than be
member of Congress; that he fancies
blue, gray and brown ensembles, carries
his Baptist Bible on fishing trips, and
has read widely in the classics.
Mr.. Doughton still thinks the morn
ing's half gone at am. Wise guys
quip that he carries a lantern to work.
They found him one icy winter morning,
thoroughly outraged that traffic condi-
-tions kept him away from his Office until
$50 am.
President Taft was in the third year
of his administration when Mr.. Dough-
ton came to Congress in 1910. He has
served under six Presidents through 80
years and Is consecutive terms. When
he completes his present term he will
have been chairman of the Ways and
Means Committee 10 years, equaling the
record set by Serano Payne between
1899 and 1909.
Mr.. Doughton essentially a conserva-
tive, has been at once wheel-horse and
balance wheel of the Roosevelt admin
istration.
In the latter respect, he STAYED off
sales tax in 1888 when the President was
at wits end for needed revenue. Mr..
Roosevelt, too, disliked sales tax, so he
thought up a new name-a % per cent
recovery tax"
I'm against it," said Mr.. Daughton,
because a sales tax places the burden
of government on those least able to
bear it. 1t taxes for food and clothing
and shelter.
him until Tuesday to find other taxes.
That was Sunday night. Monday night
he had new set of business taxes which
more than raised the required sum.
Philosophy Unadorned.
Mr. Doughtons tax philosophy is un-
adorned. He says it is the simple demo-
cratic and orthodox view that taxes
should be levied for needed revenue only.
They must not soak the rich nor grind
the poor. He is an arch foe of wealth.
gouging.
left to get revenue from when all this is
over" he says.
Once he decides on a tax bill it is
pretty sure to hit rich and poor alike.
Taxes on income" he says, ARE about
the only ones which take into considera-
ton the taxpayers ability to pay.
But, even a good tax sometimes is a
bad tax. The question never is ended.
When levies are yielding enough revenue
there still are schedules which are too
high or too low"
He processes no great knowledge of
the science of taxation, and comedies
that some folks won't believe he knows
beans when the bags open. He says he
just tries to do his best, and there are
those who add that his humble best is
better than that Of wiser men with less
substance.
Evening star., 1941-05-04
By FeHr Morley.

In this article Mr.. Morley iCrites
from the uieWpoint OF those tOho are
convinced that Great Britain no
longer can erpect to min clear-cut
uictory oUer Germany. On this as
sumption, he reasons that it is in the
general interest to accept a compro-
mise peace, in the negotiation OF
1uhich the United States 1Uonld
strongly support the British side and
further pledge itself to maintain the
terms agreed upon, By force IL neces-
saru. The Star does not accept Mr..
Morley's thesis or share his con-
cIusionS. And it should be pointed
out that q negotiated peace" eDen
upprorimating the terms OF the
japanese proposals ,Oould be tantd-
mount to capitulation not only by
England but the United States and
clear-cut pictory for the Aris
po1UerS.
Evening star., 1941-05-04

Hitlers conquest of the Balkans, con-
quest that has placed Nazi legions at the
day, it was revealed that the Soviet au-
tho1ities had issued a decree forbidding
the shipment of war materials through
the Soviet Union. Though Moscow vol
unteered no explanation, London COM
mentators were quick to point out that
the Nazis have received war supplies in
substantial amounts through Vladivos-
tok, and the Trans-Siberian Railway.
Hence they read into the decree a move
by Stain to slow down the Nazi war
effort.
Also significant, as a straw in the wind,
was the prominence given in the Com
Evening star., 1941-05-04

The man who will say most about how
much taxes every one pays next year is
a huge mountain farmer who likes ham
and honey.
He is Representative Robert Lee
Doughton II, North Carolina Democrat
and chairman of the House Ways and
Means Committee now writing the new
So 500 100000 revenue bill. Just as
Cleopatra ruled the world by ruling Mark
Antony, so Mr.. Doughton guides the tax
structure by tight rein on his COM
mittee.
He is man of many facets, personally
and politically.
There is his own word that he was
born very young" and never got over
being surprised at things that have hap
pened since"
He is product of impoverished South
ern reconstruction days and was named
after the great. Confederate general his
father followed in the Civil War. His
tremendous simplicity reflects the nat
ural dignity of the mountain people who
reared him in an almost fanatical pas
sion for loyalty, honesty and fair dealing.
A contemporary from that "Danl
Boone" country, the Yadkin region of
the Appalachians, said young Bob
Doughton could strike sparks from rock
with his bare feet. He was the biggest
boy in a community of giant-thewed
stock and grew into a 210-pound man,
6 feet 2 inches tall and as straight as
native pine.
Owns 5,0O0-Acre Farm.
Some say, as perhaps they shouldn't,
that he could "tote hoss''; but it shows
the ponderous strength still in those vast
old shoulders and hands as heavy as a
"hawg" ham. He has the thickest wrists
and biggest feet in Congress. His shoes
are No. IS and his hat No. 8. The
average-sized fist painfully disappears in
his cavernous grasp.
He owns 5,000-acre farm near his
Laurel Springs IN. c. home, a prize
herd of $50 purebred Hereford cattle
and is president of a bank. He says he
never "let banking interfere with busi-
ness" however, and dismisses the fact
he was country squire at the age of As.
He likes his campaign nickname,
Farmer Bob" and it gets votes.
To the uninitiated who ask why he
never smokes or drinks he replies:
Truth to tell, never could like to-
bacco And 1 always figgered I didn't
have enough sense to drink. Mebbe you
smart fellerS can do it, but I have to keep
what little brains I got sober SOS can
do my work"
Not infrequently he cat-naps when tax
testimony enters routine periods. Photo
graphers, alert to catch him off base,
think he merely is pondering behind
that single great paw he slyly spreads
all over his face.
He thinks newspapermen ask lot of
fool questions, especially about what a
man eats, wears and reads. Others must
tell that he'd rather eat hickory smoked
Evening star., 1941-05-04
Home Front

Here at home last week saw an in
tensification of our defense and British
aid efforts. AS Axis spokesmen warned
that United States ships entering the
war zone would be torpedoed, President
Roosevelt, moving swiftly, took steps to
bolster Britain's life lines in the At
lantic.
At his press conference on Tuesday,
the President announced that American
war vessels are free to move into the
combat zones if such action is deemed
necessary to the Nations defense. This
statement followed the disclosure a few
hours earlier by Admiral R. Stark, chief
of naval operations, that the Navy's
patrols are reaching out 1000 miles from
the Atlantic Coast.
On Wednesday, the President ordered
the acquisition by the Maritime Com
mission of 100000 tons Of
Ship existing shipping, domestic
Pool and foreign) for operation in
such a manner as will make
their cargo space Immediately effective
in accomplishing our objective of all-out
aid to the democracies." In quick re-
sponSe to this order, the Maritime Com
mission on Thursday announced that so
American tankerS would be turned over
to the British within few days.
Administration leaders in Congress de-
feated efforts last week to restrict by
law the use of American naval vessels
for convoy purposes. In the Senate For
eign Relations Committee the Tobey and
Nye anti-convoy resolutions were voted
down, and the committee refused to
permit these resolutions to be reported
"unfavorably," thereby preventing
least for the time being-the projection
of the convoy issue onto the Senate floor
for a full-dress debate.
On Friday in a letter to o. P. NJ Direc-
tors Knudsen and Hillman, President
Roosevelt called upon American industry
to put defense production on 24-hour-
a-day. seven-day-a-week basis.
Other important developments of the
week in Washington included the fol-
lowing:
l. The sending to the White House by
the Senate of So 500 900 900 naval ap-
preparation bill, which provides funds
for speeding the construction of 729 ves-
sells of all types now under way in the
two-ocean feet program.
2. A survey of civil aeronauticaI trans
port facilities, ordered by the President
with view to securing the release of
commercial planes for military use.
3. Approval of a plan for establishing
three dirigible bases two on the Atlantic
and one on the Pacific, for defense pur-
poses.
The Army lost two high-ranking Re-
serve officers last week On Tuesday,
Secretary Stimson announced that the
resignation of Charles A. Lindbergh
as a colonel in the Air Corps Reserve
had been accepted. On Wednesday, the
White House disclosed that the President
had refused to reappoint Hugh A. John
son-one time head of the National Re
covery ADMINISTRATORS a brigadier
general in the Army Reserve. In recent
months, johnson, as a newspaper COL
umnist, has sharply criticized the ad-
ministration's foreign policies.
Evening star., 1941-05-04

he reiterated his conviction that the war
would be won in the West. Hailing the
decision Of the United States to patrol
the Atlantic approaches to Britain, he
concluded his speech with part of poem
by the British poet, Arthur Hugh Clough
lines, he said, (which seem apt and
precious to our thoughts tonight"
But westward, look, the land is bright"
was the last of these lines. AS Britain
braced herself for new
ChurchjlIs attacks the battle of
Accountinn the Atlantic seemed to
hold the fate not only
Of the English people but the future
of democracy the world over.
On Monday, the largest single con-
tingent of Canadian trained flyers to
reach the United Kingdom since the
start of the empire air training program
reached British port. With them
came thousands of reinforcements for
the Canadian troops already in Eng
land-now estimated to number at least
$4,000. The group of flyers included
many Americans, and the safe arrival
of the convoy was another feather in
the collective caps of the Royal Navy
and the r. A. F.
Nazi bombers carried death and de-
struction to many British cities last week,
including Dover, Portsmouth and Plym-
outh-in happier days a port through
which thousands of Americans passed on
their way to London. So severe was the
damage in Plymouth that British au-
thorities made the town an evacuation
area" and Plymouth's civilian popula-
ton must find homes elsewhere.
The r. A. F. carried its offensive into
enemy territory, blasting Mannheim,
Kiel and other German cities and raid
ing the Nazi battleships Scharnhorst and
Gneisenau at Brest-one of the prin-
cipal embarkation ports of the American
Expeditionary Forces during the first
World War. On Tuesday, the British
and Germans engaged in big gun duel
over the 20-mile straits of Dover.
On Thursday, the Admiralty revealed
that British submarine, in bold at
tempt to rescue Ronald
Submarine Ian Campbell, Minister to
ExpIoit Yugoslavia, had entered
the Italian-held harbor of
Cattaro, and after remaining all day
among Fascist warships, finally escaped
through two mine fields, with an Italian
officer as hostage.
The same day, it was revealed in Homo
lulu that a Canadian auxiliary cruiser
had stopped the United States liner
President Garfield and removed four
Nazi hyers-believed to be on their way
back to their homeland by way of Japan
and Siberia.
On Friday, British cabinet shake-up
catapulted the dynamic Lord Beaver
brook from the Ministry of Aircraft
Production to the newly created post of
Minister of State, where he is expected
to become the virtual dictator of Brit
aims war industries. Prime Minister
Churchill also merged the Ministries of
Shipping and Transport, and named to
the important new portfolio of wartime
communications Frederick Thomas
Leathers. Though virtually unknown to
the politicians, Leathers is a director
of 81 corporations and an expert on
shipping problems.
Charging that many Americans firms
are trading with the Axis, the Ministry
of Economic Warfare on Friday urged
that the United States join with Britain