davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The chronicle-star. (Pascagoula, Miss.) 1920-1941, 1941-01-17
JACKSON COUNTY
FARM NEWS
&&~4&e4~~%4~~&~


Time TO do main pruning Is dur
Prune Fruit Trees Ana Craps New
ina dormant season-Decenber and
January are best Later pruning IL
sometimes injurious 70 grapes
Purpose Of pruning Is 70 influ-
ence shape Of plant and 20 aid
plants In producing regular crops Of
high quality fruit. Young plants
are pTuned for training TO proper
shape while older plants are pruned
for fruit production Regular prEn-
tng eliminates need for severe
pruning.
Peaches and plurns trained TO the
modified leader system instead Of
ire formerly recommended open
center system make stronger. more
vigorous and more productive trees.
In this system. 3 70 S main scaffolc
branches are spaced 6 20 g inches
apart on the trunk Of the young
tree with the lowest limb about is
inches from the ground Small
June bud" peach trees win not re-
Qutre any pruning when set d
while larger trees should be headed
AZ : height Of 30 to IS inches and
the lateral branches cut back 20 2
buds After growth begins In the
spring. select branches 70 form the
seafiold Of the tree and remove al
other branches and shoots as they
develop When the scaffoId limbs
are 20 70 = inches long. cut off the
tips 10 encourage the formation Of
secondary branches Pruning Of I
and 2-year odd trees during the DOR
mant season consists mainly Of
thinning out the smaller branches
and moderately cutting back the
larger branches just above Az out
gide branch or bud
Apples and Pears are trained SIM
narly 70 breaches except that they
are allowed % develop q more ma
tural shape and form 6 70 8 main
Scaffolo limbs Small trees usually
VIII lot require any cutting back
while larger ones should be headed
al 3 height Of = 20 IS inches vhen
E out The lowest Sca1foid limb
should be at least - inches from
the ground.
Bearing trees which have been
properly trained while young TO
form the desired frame work and
shape VIII need only light annual
pruning. For the first few wears
after the trees begin bearing, the
pruning should consist Of a light
thinning Of the branches. removal
O. any dead. diseased u crossing
branches and . moderate heading
back Of the larger branches Older
c VIII require heavier pruning 70
stimulate the production Of new
fruiung shoots and 70 maintain q
c balanced tree. Use sharp urun-
ing shears and Eaw 70 make gmooth
cu1 Just above an outside branch
OF nud.
Grapes require more severe urirn-
tng than other fruits IN order 70
maintain the vieor Of the plant and
insure regular crops Of high quality
nut Bunch grapes should be
prunec - a. % leave 4 o. the new
canes each year. Select the caneS
which have been produced as close
70 the main trunk - possible and
remove al other wood The canes
leff should be pvuned back 50 As 70
leave from 8 70 Is buds on each
cane, depending or the vigor Of the
plant. Muscadtne grapes are prun-
&C differently from the bunch
grapes Ii that the canes or arms Of
NE trells are not renewed each
year and 9 instead q { canes are
left These arms are cut back . 9
The chronicle-star. (Pascagoula, Miss.) 1920-1941, 1941-01-17

length Of 4 70 8 feet. depending on
the v1eor OF the vine The one-year
old canes growing from these arms
o. older canes are cut back 70 ? 70
{ buds Train bunch grapes On g
2-wtre trellis and muscadine grapes
OF q 4-wire freIik.
The MlSsissipp Experiment Sta
ton Bulletin No. $50, Home Orch
ards In Mississippi. describes more
fully and shows pictures Of the dsf-
tereut pruning practices.
The chronicle-star. (Pascagoula, Miss.) 1920-1941, 1941-01-17
Parent Teacher
Group Plans Meet

IRE PxFrnt- Teacher Association
nf the R&acagoaIh Elementary
School vii hole ms January meet
ana IN the school auditorium next
Tuesday afternoon II ais O'Clock
Dr A. T. NAoeaa. county health
osftoer, wtil be the principal SPEAK
er Oh the program His talk on
Health should be m considerable
interest 70 al parents
The chronicle-star. (Pascagoula, Miss.) 1920-1941, 1941-01-17

The oonodlty credli Corporation
has kaned El1Iss1H0 e Mss
1pp farmers O. l1R lzza eatton
aFsp sacordlaE = q cxasy. con-
uzz0o1sf q Agriculture
The chronicle-star. (Pascagoula, Miss.) 1920-1941, 1941-01-17
-PrecAuilsns Given

Dar1Es n8e f~oTthenzaing months
when cases c influenza x1n tn
crease n number. Il Is vel % be o.
guard aFalnxt tnls disease. Asasd
needless contact with others e.
The chronicle-star. (Pascagoula, Miss.) 1920-1941, 1941-01-17

Mis- Dora 0off spent from m
day unrouah Sunday with her aunt
and uncle. Mr.. and Mrs Lawrence
GrRtf.
The chronicle-star. (Pascagoula, Miss.) 1920-1941, 1941-01-17

Mr. and MTS Amos Ovexssrest
who have been living with Mr. BUG
Lee Cunningham moved Last week
n the home Of Mr ReAceburg of
Arena
The chronicle-star. (Pascagoula, Miss.) 1920-1941, 1941-01-17

Nj. II 8 Long made q business
IMP 70 Pascagouia Monday after
noon
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1941-11-28
BUFFALO RAPIDS
GROUP IS FORMED

Opening of actual farm develop
ments on the Buffalo Rapids project
is anticipated with the completion Of
formal organization of the Buffalo
Farms association and the election Of
Emmett c. Meseberg of Glendive as
president, and Albert Strobel of Fall
lon, vice president. The association. a
cooperative organization, is incorpo-
rated to manage, finance, develop and
settle the project area, the first to
be built under the Wheeler-Case pro-
gram.
Other officers elected include Elmer
L. WiX of Glendive, secretary, and
Harry Kutzler of Glendive, treasurer.
The board of directors, in addition to
the president. include George Fink
biner. Jacob F. Siegle. Harry G. kutz-
Ter. Rudolph ]. Diegel and Harry E..
Otto. all of Glendive.
Harry c. Anderson. project super
visor for the farm security admins
tration. the agency in charge of the
agricultural development. was desig-
mated as acting manager for the new
association.
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1941-11-28
GRAY IS AGAIN
MONTANA FARM
BUREAU HEAD
BIG TIMBER MAN REELECTED AT
HELENA CONVENTION: TALK
GIVEN BY GOVERNOR

Claude Gray of Big Timber has been
reelected president of the Montana
Farm Bureau for a third term. Other
officers elected at the convention in
Helena we're Clarkson Spain, Boze-
man. vice president: Charles Stahl
Missoula, Fred Mannix, Gold Creek.
and John Darrach, Livingston, d.
rectors.
Mrs. Ray Angel, Bozeman, was
elected president of the women's Or
ganization: Mrs. Ann Benson, Missoula,
vice president, and Mrs. Wright, Boze-
man, secretary.
Resolutions called for continuation
of the sugar beet acreage allotments:
approved agricultural price control:
asked assurance of 'home" protection
in Argentine trade agreements: sought
greater military deferment for farm
men.
Asked that bear be classified as
predatory animal instead of game;
asked the AAA technical committee
for Montana to consult county COM
mittees before determining soil prac-
tees; requested the American Farm
Bureau federation to oppose enact
ment Of the Doughton tariff control
bill permitting the government to de-
termine essential commodities and
giving it the right to remove import
duties.
Assailed the ruling of Commissioner
Paul " McNutt of the national health
program which permits coloring and
"doctoring" of oleomargarine 80 that
it might resemble butter" approved
the Montana testing program for eX-
| animation of all cattle coming into
the state; recommended grade labelling
of butter and cream by creameries;
urged consumer study of all arguments
on increased prices before charging
the rising costs against the farmer.
Commended Secretary Wickard for
his pledge to protect livestock and
human health by rigid inspection Of
imported fresh and frozen meats: ex-
pressed appreciation for the McCarran
act, which makes it federal offense
to transport stolen cattle across state
boundaries, and asked its extension tC
all farm livestock; approved American
Dairy association advertising programs
! and asked for a continuous study of
| forest land with multiple use of the
public domain in view.
Gov Sam C. Ford warned that the
state and the nation must make plans
now to prevent virtual collapse of the
economic and social structure at the
end of the present year.
Speaking before the farm bureau the
| governor said that when the war ends,
the nation will face the greatest pub
lie debt in history: utter collapse of
| foreign markets in a war-exhausted
and bankrupt world; severe unemploy-
ment due to release of millions of men
from the armed forces and closing of
war industries: the greatest re-
/ adjustment in world thinking and
world economy the world has ever
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1941-11-28
Voyage of John Jacob Astor's ri onquin' Formed
Bloody Chapter i'm American Fur Trades History

SEEM" heavy taxation. and deflation
II am not" the governor said. IAN
alarmist or pessimist. but I believe
the wise course is to face cold facts
and prepare for the future.
What I have said" he added, has
no political significance nor Is it a
criticism Of the administration. No
matter who is president or what party
is in power at the close OF the war,
those conditions will exist and every
American citizen must do his or her
part to prevent loss Of the freedoms
We so highly cherish"
The governor said he had faith in
the governments and the peoples
courage and resourcefulness to meet
and solve these problems as they de-
velop.
He said he believed the states prep
arations to meet the postwar emer-
gency would do much to cushion the
shock.
Governor Ford told the farm bureau
that industry and agriculture were
dependent upon each other. and that
neither would prosper unless the other
did.
Turning to state affairs, the COVER
nor said he believed Montana's water
conservation program as "a step in
the right direction" and that he re-
GREETED that the 1871 legislature had
reduced appropriations for this pur-
pose to the point where little could
be done. He said, however, the water
board was proceeding with investiga-
tons intended to provide a backlog
Of projects for construction at the end
Of the war as part of gigantic public
works program to help solve unem-
ployment.
He asked the farm bureau to support
the current government reorganiza-
ton program. I'VE all have appreciated
for many years" he said, 1.-The neces-
sity to reduce expenditures and in
crease efficiency"
He said reorganization work was
progressing satisfactorily and that
many changes had been approved by
the reorganization committee and
would be put into effect as rapidly as
possible. He said he proposed to keep
the public fully informed on progress
Of the reorganization program.
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1941-11-28

ing Indians have it with the deck
guns and killed many before they got
away. Then, during the night, the
four sailors babe the wounded Lewis
a grim farewell and rowed away from
the ship. They were captured next day
along the shore, carried to the Indian
village and put to death by fiendish
torture
The sun rose next morning upon a
blood-stained ship riding quietly at
anchor, with sails loose and appar-
emily deserted. Curious Indians came
but kept a safe distance, padding
around and around the ship. Finally a
man, believed to have been Lewis, ap-
peared on deck and beckoned them
to him. At length a few appeared on
board, to be followed by others.
The man who had signaled them
disappeared somewhere below. Lewis
was about to get his revenge, even
though it meant the end of his own
life. Waiting until large number Of
savages had come aboard to make way
with the plumber left on the ship,
Lewis made his way to the powder
magazine, applied the torch, and blew
the ship, himself and the Indians, to
atoms.
Arms, legs and mutilated bodies
were blown into the air, and dreadful
havoc was made to the surrounding
canoes" Irving's book, Astoria,
states. Upwards of hundred savages
were destroyed, many more shockingly
mutilated, and for days afterwards the
limbs and bodies of the slain were
thrown upon the beach"
Interpreter Escaped
The interpreter, who had escaped
from the ship with the other Indians
after the fight with the whites, was
held as a prisoner for several months
before making his escape. Before long
he reached the men at the post and
told them of the fate of the Tonquln.
Stuart and a part of the men had
gone up the river to trade, SO that
there was now only remnant to
care for the post. The Indians thought
this would be a good time to get rid
of the white mans fort. But Nc
Dougal, who was in charge, knew In
dams and saved the post. Calling the
chiefs he showed them small glass
bottle, explaining that he had corked
therein the spirit of smallpox. The
red men, who knew from experience
what havoc this disease could play,
promised peace if the white man would
only keep the devastating devil In
leash by keeping the bottle corked.
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1941-11-28
DUDE RANCHERS
SEE LEAN "CROP"
THINK WORLD CONDITIONS MAY
KEEP BUSINESS MEN
GLUED TO DESK

wyoming and Montana dude ranch
ers expect economic uncertainty and
labor unrest to cut down their 1912
guest crop, but can always go back
to cattle raising and farming il nee
essary.
l.. II. Larom Of Valley. Wyo., presi-
dent OF the Wyoming-M Montana Dude
Ranchers association. described next
years dude wrangling prospects as
predetermined"
He told the ranchers' game and fish
conference that our business will
probably be affected by economic and
labor unrest in our nation, and pos
sloly by the war trend"
Business men, he said, won't be
making plans for long trips and long
vacations next year. because of the
uncertainty of conditions"
This years dude business was "av-
erage to good" he said, adding that
If present conditions continue into 1912
we expect an average year."
Montana dude ranchers complained
they were losing much business to
wyoming. where big game hunting
laws are liberal and more favorable
toward nonresident hunters.
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1941-11-28

services had not been available the
enterprise doubtless would have been
more productive of success than it was.
The voyage was fiasco from the
first. Thorn. rigid disciplinarian, de-
cided to be boss in a big way and
prescribed courses of conduct that
CALLED the Canadians whom Astor had
selected and who, rightfully, regarded
themselves as the real heads of the
expedition. The captain threatened re-
peatedly to put them in chains for
disobedience.
Mind Changed With Pistol
At the Falkland islands. where the
vessel had stopped for water, Thorn
hoisted sail and started to leave sew
eral men upon this uninhabited island
to a terrible fate, when Robert Stuart
leveled a gun at Thorn's head and
forced him to await the coming OF
the men in the ships boat. At the
Sandwich islands he beat a youthful
member of the crew and heaved him
overheard. The boy, fortunately, was
able to swim ashore.
The Tonquin reached the mouth OF
the Columbia March %, 1911 and after
violent argument about place for
landing, the site Of Point George, u
miles inland from the rivers mouth
was selected. Living quarters. store
house, a powder magazine, and a
stockade all were constructed of bark
covered logs by the end of June. The
site of the post was in the very heart
of the city of Astoria, Ore, today.
On June | Thorn with Alexander
Mackay and Is men boarded the Ton
quin and sailed out of the mouth OF
the Columbia for Nootka bay. on Van
couver island, to trade for furs. Here
it was that trouble-invited by Thorn's
ugly temper and willful disregard for
the opinions of everyone but himself
really took the situation in hand
Enroute up the coast they picked up
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1941-11-28
Increased Gardening
In Cities Not Needed

Increased numbers of city gardens
such as took place during World war
No. l when vacant lots, lawns and
golf courses were turned into war
gardens is not warranted in the
present national emergency, E. E
Isaac, extension horticultural at Mon
tana State college. has been advised
by department of agriculture officials.
This does not mean, of course, that
townspeople who have back yard gar
dens should not continue to enjoy the
products from their gardens and the
pleasure of working in them, Isaac
said. What the department has refer
ence TO is a large scale upsurge In
city gardens.
Ample supplies of vegetables will
be available with the expected increase
in acreage of commercial vegetable
gardens together with larger numbers
of farm gardens, department officials
explain.
According to records, quicksands
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1941-11-28
By GEORGE NJ. CASEY

A Dutch boy who knew how 10
play the flute and who had a
oo1en Of these instruments under
his arm when he sailed from the
old country for the new, needed
nothing more than this to amass
= fortune that staggers the imag-
nation. And In so doing he set in
motion a chain Of events which
wrought grim chapter in western
history. grim saga of the sea,
II was. a blood-spattered odyssey
Of the fur trade.
John Jacob Aston came to America
In 1874, poor immigrant boy with
only his flutes for cargo.
On the slow journey across the
ocean he met a German fur trader
with whom he snapped selections on
his flute for stories of beaver trapping
and trading with the Indians.
The ship was delayed for three
months by the severe winter and ice
as it tried to enter Chesapeake bay
and by the time the boy set foot on
shore he was so enthused about the
fur trade that he lost no time getting
into it.
Traded Flutes for Furs
He traded his flutes for as many
furs as he could lay hand on and
took them back to London. where they
brought handsome profit. Then, re-
turning TO New York, he gained en-
ployment in the fur business with a
Quaker, Robert Browne. Here he
learned as much about furs in a
month as the average man would in
a decade. Soon Browne sent the youth
to Montreal to buy furs. Aston made
friends with the Indians and backed
Brownies judgment in detailing him
for the mission by returning with a
fine assortment of pelts.
Astor's nose for business was as
keen as a bird dogs for quail and it
wasn't long before he was in the fur
trade for himself, buying from the
Northwest company at Montreal and
shipping furS to London. Soon his
ability and genius had made him a
power in the fur marts of the world
The American Fur Co. was formed and
chartered by him in 1909 and by 1911
he had become an owner in the Mack
NAV company.
About this time England surrendered
to the United States the line Of forts
which she held west of the Alleghenies
and Aston conceived the plan of con-
structing line of fur posts along
the Great Lakes and across the con-
tinent to the Pacific. Later his gran
dose scheme of fur empire went still
further. He determined to establish a
fur trading post and depot in the far
west at the mouth of the Columbia
river.
He went to Montreal and hired large
numbers Of Northwest company men
His project included the sending of
a ship around the Horn to the mouth
OF the mighty western stream as well
as an overland party from st. Louis
across the unknown wilderness Of the
trans Missouri country. Alexander
Mackay, Duncan McDougal, Donald
and Alexander Mckenzie, and Robert
and Davis Stuart-Scotch Canadians
who had had long experience with
the Northwest company-were selected
by Astor as partners.
His sailing craft was the Tonquin
whose skipper was Jonathan Thorn
The crew numbered 20 men. Thorn was
an American navy lieutenant on leave
of absence and if this gentleman's
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1941-11-28

Montana girl Miss Elthe LOEe the chief
Air according
rector service.
Of
held the during the
daughter Martin Loge Poison completing third
airline.
Ansees-Sa
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1941-11-28

National forests constitute 10 percent
of Wyoming's total area.
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1941-11-28

According to records, quicksands
swallowed Is warships one night in
1903.
Imperial Valley press., 1941-07-01
UNTO OTHERS

(ChriStian Science Monitor)
The essential justice of the Golden
Rule should guide and direct the Govern
ment of the United States, as we'll as Its
people, in dealing with the situation now
faced by the pOpulace of Great Britain
The Naz aggressors have threatened
to launch upon Britain terrific often
sive, exceeding anything yet experienced
by the human race Thousands of lnno-
cent children can be removed from danger.
Can the United States stand idly by?
VIII it not do everything possible to aid
evacuation?
What would be the attitude of the
British and Canadians if-by stretch OF
the imaginatiOn-an invader from the
Pacific had driven American forces east
of the Mississippi and was preparing to
bomb the Atlantic seaboard into sub
mission? Undoubtedly they would care
for our refugees if, indeed, their aid did
not take a more vigorous form. What
would Americans expect their neighborS
to do if American families were exposed
to such peril as now threatens thousands
of British children?
That individual Americans are keenly
aware Of their opportunity and Christian
duty is apparent from the applications
for children, which have been pouring IN
at a rate of 1000 day for more than
TWO NCthS. Dul lIltIc Is dppoi Shl
failure on the part of governmental au
thorities to rise to the occasion and lend
their cooperation. Funds are needed, but
the greatest need is for ships. The Brit
ish Government has appointed a liason
officer to expedite the exodus but the
United States Government has not done
all that the emergency requires. The Brit
ish plan to send over 1000 to 5000 chill
dren week and hope to have 10000
overseas by the end of August. A larger
program is not Immediately contemplated
because of the lack of ships Children
with visas approved literally stand about
waiting for chance to 60
United States ships have been sent to
Ireland to remove Americans.Why could
not American ships be sent there to re-
ceive some of the thousands of children
who stand with arms outstretched ap-
pealing for place of refuge on American
soil?
The Government could appoint such
an organizer and humanitarian as Her.
bert Hoover, for instance, to coordinate
the various endeavors for placing chill
dren in American homes and forthwith
send ships abroad on their errand of
mercy The United States Government
Immediately after the japanese earth
quake of several years ago appropriated
money for the relief of suffering and
homeless. It has an even greater oppor-
tunity now to relieve suffering and dis
treSs-before it occurs. The time to act
is now
Imperial Valley press., 1941-07-01
DEFINITION OF A LIBERAL

Everybody likes to think of himself as
a liberal. Those who to others appear
either carefully conservative or reckless
ly radical usually think Of themselves as
liberal
There is no Shibboleth by which the
liberal may be known, no sort Of political
litmus paper under which he turns pink
or blue at an exploratory touch Wendell
Willkie offered definition at Yae's
commencement exercises the other day
Liberalism" he said, consists of meet
ing the enemies of freedom at home or
abroad, wherever they appear and when
ever they seek to limit legitimate free
doms of men"
Scarcely citizen of the United States
can pass day in these times without
coming upon situation in which he may
test himself by that exacting formula
Imperial Valley press., 1941-07-01
The TRUTH DOESN'T HURT,
BUT TELL The WHOLE TRUTH

Certainly, it gets warm in Imperial
Valley. 1t gets just as warm other places;
Phoenix, for instance or the San Joaquin
valley. And our warm weather is the thing
that makes our valley the worlds greatest
agricultural area. 1t has its good points
Beyond that, really warm weather is only
a small percentage OF our weather. Most
of it is far pleasanter than that of Florida,
or the southern California coastal region.
While we're telling strangers about the
valley, let's tell the whole story. The good
things make just as astonishing telling
as the bad ones-more so, really.
Well be doing ourselves favor by
telling the truth about our valley, for we
will be establishing the reputation this
region deserves-not the reputation we
have given it in the past. And with such
new reputation, the valley will attract
the new residents and the new capital it
deserves. Growth like that helps every
body Let's do our part this summer to
boost it along.