davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1941-08-24

titles of supplies to Russia by way Of
the Pacific. The Japanese have already
served notice that they will not tolerate
the continuance of this They can de-
clare the sea between Japan and Siberia
to be japanese territorial waters and
patrol that belt with men-of-war.
And If this materiel on which the Rus
slams must count to reorganize their
forces is not forthcoming, Stain may
declare that he was compelled to accept
Hitlers preferred hand-should the Ger
man dictator decide that it Is to the
Reich's advantage to end the campaign
against Russia. Germany's war on the
U. S. s. r. was dictated by two motives:
The elimination of the striking power of
an army which might become hostils
when the Reich is heavily engaged in
the West; and the complete control over
Russia's principal larder-the Ukraine.
If these two objectives are attained,
Hitler may be willing once more to ex-
tend friendly hand to Stain and there
are many in Washington who fear that
this hand would be grabbed by the Rus
sian dictator with enthusiasm. .
Evening star., 1941-08-24
ENGLAND

Winston Churchill, the Prime Min
lister of England, reached his country this
week after the voyage across the At
lantic from his meeting at sea with
President Roosevelt. On his way he
stopped at Iceland, over which German
plane few this week and where an
American soldier died-how the War
Department did not say. He was George
Everett Meeks, 81, of Washington.
Churchill took to England letter for
King George from Mr.. Roosevelt.
The forces on the island have been
busy. A high authority said that British
air raids during the last eight weeks Of
heavy attack have placed far more r.
A. F. bombers over Germany in single
night than the Germans put over Eng
land nightly in the heaviest assaults Of
last autumn and winter.
Evening star., 1941-08-24
Far Eastern Front

A week ago the United States was
aroused to learn that the Japanese gov
ernment had refused to permit the de-
parture from Japan of 100 American
citizens who wanted to get passage for
the United States on the American ship
President Coolidge. On Monday Joseph
C. Grew, our Ambassador in Toxic,
called on the japanese Foreign Minister,
Keijiro Toyoda. and discussed the ques-
ton. BY the weeks end the situation
was under control. Secretary Hull in
dicated that an arrangement had been
made with Japan for gradual repatria-
ton of American citizens from that
country and of japanese from the United
States.
The japanese press continued to raise
the question whether Japan should per-
NIT the shipment of oil from the United
States to Vladivostok That, too, is a
matter which time will develop.
Evening star., 1941-08-24
By Dre,c Middleton.

often dictates memoranda or speeches
while he lies on a couch.
Frequently Ill when he was Foreign
Secretary from December, 1885, to Feb
ruary 20, 1888, Eden appears to thrive
on wartime work He has been Minister
for the Dominions, War Secretary and
his majesty's principal Secretary of
State for Foreign Affairs" since the out
break of war. Yet his health is far better
than it was six years ago.
The experience he gained in prewar
Europe stands him in good stead now.
Salesman of Security.
When he took over the spacious quar-
ters in the rambling brownstone building
that houses the Foreign Office, Britain
had been humbled automatically, the
Turks we're wavering, Spain definitely
was hostile, move to organize the Bal
kans against Germany had failed in
Rumania, Hungary and Bulgaria.
All Edens past trained him for the
part he now is playing.
From the moment he appeared in Paris
in 1888 as a fledgling diplomat repre-
senting Britain in preliminary CONVEX
sations on disarmament until the hour
last December when Churchill named
him Foreign Secretary, Eden lived and
breathed the dangerous and intriguing
game of international politics
AS a supersalesman of British di-
plomacy, he toured Europe selling col
lective security, as embodied in the COW
enant Of the League of Nations, to
Belgians. French, Scandinavians and
Russians.
Black-hatted, equally resplendent In
tweeds or tails, he moved across the face
of = Europe in which Adolf Hitler still
was just a noisy upstart and Churchill
slightly paunchy politician apparently
headed for limbo.
Prime Minister Baldwin chose Eden
as Foreign Secretary December %, 1885,
as the peace which had enveloped Europe
since 1890 began to vanish under the
Evening star., 1941-08-24

zard. Stuart Chase had been scheduled
to lecture in Ogden and had been delayed
because of the storm. Mr.. Eccles filled
to hear the closing portion of his speech.
He was so impressed he insisted on giving
Mr.. Eccles a letter introducing him to
Rexford Guy Tugwell. who was then in
Washington helping to supply the ad-
ministration with ideas and staff.
About month later Senate commit
tee was investigating the depression and
Mr.. Eccles volunteered to contribute his
opinions. He expounded his deficit
spending theory, which envisages the
Government becoming a compensating
agent in economic cycles, spending and
lending heavily in bad times to create
employment and expand credit, and in
good times taxing and reducing expendi-
lures to reduce Government debt and
prevent excessive piling up of private
income
Nobody paid much attention to the
nervous, dark-eyed, bettle- -browed stran-
ger. But he did go to see Mr. Tugwell
and present his letter from Mr.. Chase.
Before long Mr.. Eccles' star rose like a
rocket
In December, 1888, he was put in
charge of the Civil Works Administra-
ton for Utah; in January, 1894, when
he was 43, he was made assistant to
the Secretary of the Treasury Morgen-
thau; in November, 1884, the President
appointed him chairman of the Fed
eral Reserve Board, remarking:
They tell me he has had a string
them has failed"
Eastern bankers, who had never heard
Of him, rushed to the newspaper files
and to the record of the Senate hear
ing to learn what manner of man it was
who was to preside in the very temple
of Government banking. What they
read gave them shock from which they
didn't recover for years.
Mr. Eccles became the administra-
tons most articulate and outspoken
champion of Government spending on
public works. He sided with Harry
1AopAlliS, 4Ou OOTCOTdu, f1dTOlQ lckoS
and Henry Wallace to urge the Presi-
dent to spend more, when Mr. Morgen-
thau and Jesse Jones were saying that
the budget should be balanced.
Mr.. Eccles, however, always had con-
tended that the budget must be bal
anced. But he thinks 1t should not be
done during q depression. AS soon as
the economic clouds lift, however, Mr..
Eccles Is the first to talk of budget bal
ancing, through higher taxes and debt
retirement-once in 1886, when it seemed
recovery was on the way; again in No.
vember, 1889, when the defense SPEND
ing boom was on the horizon.
He describes himself as "a capitalist
ra-conservatiye.
Evening star., 1941-08-24
ANTHONY EDEN ARRIVES AS A DIPL LOMAT
Foreign Office Glamour Boy Makes Good Seen Prime Minister
DrewN

Anthony Eden. the perennial coming
man" of British politics, has arrived at
last-in the wake of the Soviet-Polish
treaty which he nursed from forbidding
beginnings to final signature.
This treaty of British Allies which,
temporarily at least, lulled enmitieS of
thousand years, is regarded here as one
of Britains chief diplomatic triumphs of
the war and personal victory for Eden.
Whitehall looks on Edens successful
negotiations as proof that the diplomatic
glamour boy of the middle 3ss has be-
come a seasoned and able foreign secre-
tary.
Britons look for further diplomatic
triumphs-a commodity in which Eng
land has been shockingly short-and for
Eden to carry the hopes and fears of
his nation to a peace conference after
the war.
The evolution of Eden from the black
hated, bright young men to his present
stature has etched deep lines in his
handsome face, turned his hair gray and
forced him into a rigorous and confining
routine.
Nav Be Postwar Prime Minister.
Political wiseacres who haunt the
lobbies of the House Of Commons are
touting Eden as the first postwar prime
minister. Only Eden, with his combina-
ton of aristocratic background and deep
feeling for the rights of the common
man, would be able to unite discon-
tented Britain when the war ends, they
declare.
Edens ability in his present job, how
ever, tends to thwart any ambitions he
may have Of becoming Britain's wartime
leader.
Vital to Britain now is improvement
of relations between Soviet Russia and
Turkey. Eden may yet construct
Middle Eastern confederation of Russia,
Turkey, Syria, Egypt and Iran ranged
against Germany.
There are other pressing problems.
Future japanese moves in Southern Asia,
NaI infiltration of Iran and Afghan
istan, Spain's unwillingness to succumb
to Sir Samuel Hoare's sweet talk, and
the riddle of when is an enemy not an
enemy" now applicable to Finland, are
other questions which keep the lights
burning in the Foreign ONCE.
Sticks to His Views.
Eden is attacking these problems with
zest and Judgment backed by experience.
His voice is crisp, his judgments
reasoned, and his opinions are needed by
cabinet colleagues with increasing re-
spect.
Although Lord Beaverbrook is adver-
tised widely as the man who says mo"
to Prime Minister Churchill, the Foreign
Secretary also frequently takes views
opposite to Churchill and sticks to them
with quiet reasonableness.
Eden Is noted as hard worker In
government of hard workers. AS the
lights burn brightly In his ONCE these
nights, convivial clubmen on their way
home through st. James Park often
glimpse Eden's spare figure getting a
breath of resh air in the small hours.
-Four or hve nights week Eden sleeps
on q cot installed near his once.
He husbands his strength With maps.
Evening star., 1941-08-24

tramp Of Italian boots in Africa. Eden
had cajoled and driven the League into
sanctions against Italy. But as Foreign
Secretary he was fated to see his meas
ures evaporate under the sun of Bald
wins practical politics"
Eden resigned after 26 months in Of
flee because Prime Minister Chamberlain
who succeeded Baldwin, wished to open
Anglo-Italian talks pointing toward
new agreement with Italy. Eden diff
fered, as he had on many other points
of foreign policy, and resigned.
Between that day and September 3,
1889, when Chamberlain brought him
back to the cabinet as Dominions Secre-
tary. Eden preached his gospel of col
lective security to Britain and the rest
of Europe.
Saw War Coming.
He wrote a book. He spoke at polit-
towns. He was gloomy about the state
of the world and said so.
THE world at best now enjoys no more
than an easy respite between successive
acts of violence" he said. This pessi-
mism contrasted strangely with the
sunny atmosphere in which Downing
Street bathed
Eden urged friendship with Russia and
military alliance. He discovered he
had been in the trenches opposite Hitler
during the World War, when he won
military cross, but he kept his further
thoughts on this beguiling subject to
himself.
Firmly convinced that war was COM
ing, he rejoined his old formation, the
Kings Royal Rifle Corps, as a major.
He was serving again as soldier, going
back to war which he had tried to pre-
vent, when Chamberlain called him back
to Whitehall.
Evening star., 1941-08-24

Mariner S. Eccles, the man who is
trying to discourage YOU from buying an
automobile or refrigerator On an easy
installment plan, is a thrifty Scotch
banker an advocate of high taxes and
hard money" and chairman of the
Federal Reserve Board.
He also has been the New Deals arch
pump-primer, preacher of deficit spend
Ing doctrines, ardent easy money fan
and foe of high taxes.
If that sounds paradoxical, it prob
ably is no less astonishing to a lot of
legislators on Capitol HILL where dia-
tribes against "Eccles-the- -spendthrift"
we're almost a daily routine during the
30s.
Even the two Senators from Virginia
have nothing to say these days against
Eccles- the -pennypincher. Yet Carter
Glass, father of the Federal Reserve
System, has been outraged for years by
Mr.. Eccles' unorthodox banking princi-
piles; Harry F. Byrd, Democratic leader
Of the economy bloc used to launch his
bitterest attacks against Mr.. Eccles.
Denies Inconsistency.
Mr.. Eccles. nevertheless, has not been
converted, and he insists that he is not
being inconsistent 1t is simply in the
creed of deficit spender to sing the
gay. lending spending tune in depres-
sion, and then to strike a somber note
when everybody else is going delirious
over business boom.
Mr.. Eccles for months has been urging
curb on the $4,000 000,0 900 consumer
credit business, so it was no surprise
when President Roosevelt decreed that it
must be regulated and gave the job to
the Federal Reserve Board, which, for
all practical purposes, is Eccles. The
other members could outvote him, but
men on the inside say this seldom has
happened.
The job of the credit czar is to say
how large a down payment you must
make, how long you can take to pay up
and what terms you arrange with the
seller. 1t applies mostly to durable
goods" such as automobiles, refrigera-
tors, washing machines and vacuum
cleaners.
1liC Pu POoC 40 bOtii w saw AoA III
fense uses the materials which go into
these products and to help prevent in
flation.
The main cause of general price rises
Is the diminution of the supply of con-
sumner goods at time when the supply
of purchasing power increases, the in
crease being caused by unemployment
and rising wages curbing installment
buying will ease the pressure of pur-
chasing power by slowing down the rate
at which money circulates and by pre-
venting the creation of new money,
which, in effect. is what happens when
ever a bank makes loan.
Not Glad Handler Type.
Mr.. EccleS has been a spectacular
figure in spectacular decade; yet as
personality, he would fade into the
background of any gathering of top New
Dealers-if it were not for the fact that
he usually holds the stage by lecturing
at great length on monetary theories.
He is smallish, of meager build, walks
with head down. eyes averted. He Is no
Evening star., 1941-08-24

sibly to Kiev Berlin claimed the de-
struction Of rs Red divisions around
Gomel.
In the battle for Leningrad the Fin
nish advance from the north was con-
tinually steady, but the Germans, after
making good time early in the week,
were slowed down at the end. The Firms
are only so miles from Leningrad.
While the German two-pronged drive
on Leningrad, from the west and from
the south, was in its early-week swift
stage, the Nazis took the three towns
of Novgorod, Kingisepp and Narva.
Narva has been regarded as an impor-
tant Russian defense center on the land
bridge between the Gulf of Finland and
Lake Peipus It is in Estonia. Kingisepp
is in Russia proper. Those two towns
were in the advance of the army from
the west Novgorod, where the Russians
put up particularly stubborn resistance,
is on the southern rim Of the Red Armys'
defense arc near Lake linen, about 100
miles from Leningrad.
From the north last week the Firms
drove down the Karelian Isthmus and
succeeded in smashing,
Firms Make HeIsinki high command
ReoI Coins reported, the Soviet de-
fenSes atop what once
was FinlandS own Mannerheim Line.
The Firms have occupied the. entire up
per shore of the river Vuoksi on the
Karelian Isthmus and claimed that five
Soviet divisions had been routed The
Firms also announced the taking of the
port of Kakisalmi on the northwest shore
of Lake Ladoga. The Firms said the
Russian divisions they had thrown back
were the 115th, 142d, 168th, 1s8th and
265th.
On Thursday the Soviets threw re-
inforcements against the German drives
on Leningrad. And within the city Gen.
Voroshilov called on the people with
an eloquent summons. The enemy will
never set foot in our city" (Which Stain
himself defended in 1919, Gen. Voroshi-
low said He sought in these words to
arouse the citizens to work for Lenin-
grads defense:
Women: Inspire your husbands,
your sons and brothers.
Young men: Join detachments for
defense.
Workers: Leningrad will need more
and more arms so as to insure men at
the front shall have sufficient arms and
ammunition.
Workers and engineers of Leningrad:
Work for defense of the country, defense
of your own city with even greater self
lessness, with no respite and with the
full knowledge Of responsibility of the
decisive part played by production"
1t is an astronomical campaign. The
Russians on Thursday declared officially
that German losses approximated 2,000,-
900 killed and wounded. The Germans
said 100000 Red Army troops had been
killed, wounded or captured. In the re-
cent Ukrainian drive the Germans
claimed 100000 prisoners.
Reinsurance about the attitude of the
Russians toward their recent misfortunes
came to this country from an experienced
correspondent, A. T. Steele, who arrived
by plane in Moscow from China. He
wrote:
Evening star., 1941-08-24

no doubt would like to control. It is a
possible roadway toward the rich Eng
hsh country of India. If the Germans
held Iran, the British position in the
Middle East would be menaced. If the
British control it or hold it, the Germans
would have that much more difficult
time in trying to win it.
For these and many other reasons Iran
think there are 5000 Germans in the
country waiting to help an invading
German army, and last Monday London
sent note. to the Shah of Iran in
Teheran demanding the expulsion of
these Germans. On Friday the reply to
Evening star., 1941-08-24
By Clarke Beach

mixer. For the glad-handing that must
be done around the Office he depends
heavily on Lawrence Clayton, his bulky,
amiable chief assistant.
But he has many close friends among
administration leaders. They like his
democratic, unassuming manner, and
even some of his enemies say they ad-'
mire his sincerity and his intense, tire
less devotion to his cause.
He makes no effort to be mystery
man, like most central bankers. The
travels Of Birtain's Montagu Norman,
for example, often were made incognito,
and he summed the common touch.
Central bankers usually seem to find
silence, austerity and aloofness neces-
sary part of their role. To Mr. Eccles,
that's "tripe.''
Mr.. Eccles and his doctrines are easily
explained Cd He Is a wealthy banker
of Scotch descent, CD he was born and
reared in Utah.
Father Left $1,000, 900.
In Utah and neighboring States, eco
nomic heresies often have fiourished
and there is an inborn distrust of
Eastern bankers and Wall Street. This,
probably is largely because Utah is a
debtor State; its leading industries and
businesses are owned by men from the
East, who drain off the profits and take
them home.
His father, David Eccles, of Scotch
immigrant family, settled in Utah after
being converted to Mormonism, and ac-
cumulated a fortune in banking, lumber,
sugar, insurance and other enterprises.
When he died he left Mariner and the
rest of his large family $7,000,00O.
Mariner, like the sons of most WELL
to-do Mormon families, went abroad as
a missionary when he was 10. In frock
coat and silk hat he preached in Scot
land for two years. Among his converts
was native of the country, May Camp
bell Young. She became Mrs. Eccles in
1918, returning to Utah with him. The
couple has three children.
Mr.. Eccles Is not as active now In re-
Evening star., 1941-08-24
ECCLES-T THE DUAL PERSONALITY SPENDER
open-4onded in Depression, He Now Pinehes Pennies

ligious affairs, said his associates. but
in him they still detect Puritan under
the skin. He takes a highball occa-
sionally and at long intervals lights
cigarette. Yet, he seems to do it just
to be sociable. they say.
His smile is wan and fleeting. Whether
on the putting green or at New Year
eve party, his conservation is about eco
nomic and monetary problems.
He became a director of one of his
fathers banks at %, and took charge of
the familys many interests when he was
26. BY 1882, it has been reported, he
had multiplied the family fortune; he
then was at the head of a chain Of rs
banks and was president or a director
of a great variety of rich businesses and
industries.
He was a businessman, pure and
simple, until the depression; then he
became aroused by the whole chaotic
situation and he began to speculate
about the cause and cure of depressions.
Out of his own head and through his
own experiences he says, he evolved his
economic theories. He is not college
graduate and he declares he has never
read a book on economics, and, in fact,
has had time to read no books whatever
since he came to Washington.
He often has quoted other economists
particularly the two noted teachers Of
the Government spending theory, John
Maynard Keynes of England and Stuart
Chase. But what he knows of their
statements, he asserts, came from
digests, magazines, conversations and
newspapers.
New Deal economists find this remark
able, for they regard him as learned
scholar and they cannot understand how
he mastered the science of economics
without exhaustive study.
The general public, particularly the
anti-New Dealers, have envisaged Mr..
Eccles as consorting continually with
academic high brows, the picture often
being somewhat sinister, a shadowy
gathering of wild-eyed brain-trusters and
Rasputins in mortar boards.
CHaFtcQ NcW DcAl.
Actually Mr.. Eccles never met DR..
Keynes until few weeks ago when
friends brought the two together for q
luncheon when DR.. Keynes, an adviser
to the British treasury, was visiting
Washington.
Mr.. Eccles, who always had voted the
Republican ticket and was deemed
conservative businessman, made speech
in June, 1882, at a bankers convention
in Salt Lake City, which might well
entitle him to rank as the precursor, the
John the Baptist of the New Deal.
To correct the Nations economic mis-
takes and to preserve capitalism and
democracy, he proposed spending billions
of dollars in public works and carrying
out a long list OF monetary, economic and
social reforms. What he proposed was
practically blueprint for the New Deal
It startled Utah that Summer, when
Franklin Roosevelt, from the campaign
platform, was saying the Federal budget
must be balanced and the Government
must economic.
Early In 1899 Mr.. Eccles repeated hia
theories Ia the midst Of . fateful bliz-
Evening star., 1941-08-24
Russian Front

Leningrad. the Ukraine and Gomel are
the key words in the Russian war last
week From three directions the Firms
and the Germans moved toward Lenin-
grad, the second city of Russia whose
defender, Gen Klementi Voroshilov, ex-
horted the civilians to rise to their citys
defense, as the citizens did in an earlier
day in Madrid and Warsaw South of
Smolensk the Germans drove toward
Gomel and captured it, Almost all the
Ukraine west of the Dnieper River fell
10 the Nazis, including the naval base
of Nikolaev on the Bug River. But
Odessa and Kiev, the two greatest
Ukrainian cities, and several other lis
lands of population" are yet Russian. In
the meantime Gen. Semeon Budyenny is
conducting difficult operation in getting
his troops across the Dnieper to it's
eastern side. 1t is river of few bridges
five or six between Kiev and the Black
Sea.
The Germans captured Nikolaev q
week ago today. 1t is their biggest prize
Of the war so far.
Nikoloev Along with the base
Biooest Prize the Germans claimed
the capture there of
battleship and other naval vessels,
but Moscow said those ships had been
destroyed, along with the floating docks
AS part of the Russian strategy of
keeping the armies cohesive and orderly,
Gen. Budyenny began after the fall of
Nikolaev to withdraw his troops
across the Dnieper River. Near
Nikolaev speedy German panzer units
operating under Gen. Ewald Won Kleist
slashed at the heels of the Russian
troops making the crossing Some idea
of the action around the Dnieper was
given by Moscow in this communique;
The anti-aircraft battery of 1t.
Maleev protected from aerial attack our
troops crossing River D. Fascist planes
appeared in the morning to the west.
They headed for the river where our