davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-11-15

Sir Detroitcrs lcero among
transfers 10 Camp Polk. L.,
from Camp Livingston. La, 10
operate one Of the 10 district
motor maintenance UNITS IN the
4'h Corps Area.
They are Stage Sgt. Francis L.
l. YIN a n. Of 2116 South Selby
street. Pfc. Alex Karell. OF 13917
MackSy avenue; Pvt. Walter J.
Kusiak, of 791 Liddesdale avenue
PVT Stanley +. Kuczynski. of $50
Thirty-third street: Pvt. Charles
T. Miller Jr.. Of 1905 Harding ave-
nue., and Pvt. Harold n. Wenzel,
of 1889 Solvay avenue.
These men were indicted al
Fort Custer and received their
preliminary training at Camp Lee,
Va with the Sth Quartermaster
Training Regiment.
Second Lieut.. Frederick c.
Schneider Jr. has been promoted
10 first lieutenant at Fort
Wayne. where he Is now assist
ant public utilities officer. Lieu
tenant Schneider was transferred
10 the local post In September,
1910, from Fort Bragg, y. &.
Pvt. Edwin G. Fuller Of 1893
Burlingame avenue, a Detroit Sc
lectce Of last month, has been as
signed 10 the 26th Medical Train
ing Battalion, Camp Grant, Ill.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-11-15

At Fort Leonard Wood. Mo,
where Michigan'S I'D Field Artil-
lery Brigade is stationed a pvt
General Upton lends dignified
ambiguity 10 the roll call. Pvt
Sergeant Calvert adds confusion TO
the same roster.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-11-15

ANSWERS on Page (ls1
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-11-15

Although Fort Francis f. War
rem. Wyo.. is one of the smaller
training centers, its rolls list quite
a few Michigan men. Corp Frank
Evening star., 1941-10-25
Speaking About I|Iiterocy

Ability to read and to write un-
doubtedly is an index to the
possession of the elements of Amer
lean culture, yet it would be an error
to exaggerate the significance of
recent report that there are "at least
sixteen million persons more than
ten years old in the United States
today (Who) cannot meet the re-
quirementS of an ordinary literate
environment
The survey conducted by DR.. Ruth
Kotinsky for the American Associa-
ton for Adult Education challenges
the finding of the Bureau of the
Census in 1880 as "a drastic under
statement of the problem" but it
probably is true that the total num-
ber of unlettered citizens now is
larger than the 43 per cent of the
national population estimated a
decade ago.
Even if there were only one single
individual wholly illiterate the matter
might be important to his neighbors.
The suggestion that there are litter
ateS equal in number to the total
registration of New York, Chicago,
Philadelphia, Detroit and Los Angeles
is startling in its implications of cul-
tural poverty and neglect. Yet in
fairness it must be remembered that
the United States still is engaged in
the business of being human melt
ing pot. Part of the prevailing diff
Guilty, not merely of Manhattan,
Brooklyn and the Bronx, but just as
definitely of entire communities in
the South and West, traces back to
that circumstance. The cotton-pick-
ing Negro laborer of Georgia gener-
ally cannot sign his name, and the
Mexican Indian section hand" of
the California railroad cannot read
even Spanish newspaper, let alone
one printed in the language Of the
Gringoes.
But the power to read and to write
Is not an ultimate test Of the right
Evening star., 1941-10-25

dent of the United States This position
has been accorded him because Of his
splendid ability, his superb courage, his
devotion to truth and his Americanism.
His campaign for the presidency was an
exhibition of his spirit Of patriotism. His
platform was the Bill of Rights, and he
never Wavered from it. When that
campaign was over his head was bloody
but unbowed,' and in private life he
Immediately manifested his spirit of
Americanism by taking his position in
the ranks as private citizen behind the
national policy of the administra tion
He never retracted, but maintained his
position on the domestic policies of this
Government. In that attitude he stood
like Cooper's Last Of the Mohicans," "a
blazed pine in the wilderness" of the
Republican party. He has contributed
more to the sustaining of our national
policy than any other private citizen in
America. All men concede his ability
all fair men admit his patriotism and all
free people love his courage Men in
private life come, 60 and are forgotten,
but Mr.. Wilkes attitude and activities
since the 1910 election, though a private
citizen, will place him in history along
with Roosevelt, Hull and Connally. Taken
all in all, he is not only an interesting,
but a remarkable man.
The old-line Texas Democrat was not
far-if at all-wrong.
Austin, Tex. T. n. McGREGOR.
Evening star., 1941-10-25
"BERWYN, Md.


Dear Sir:
with the beginning of another hunt
ing season, a word of warning might be
timely. regarding the preservation Of
our wild birds.
"Of course the small boy with the
BIB gun is frequent offender, but he
can hardly compete with the reckless
hunter, srped with high powered rifle
or shot gun. While most who take the
field are informed of the game laws,
many seem ignorant Oh the legal pro-
lection given our non-game birds.
ut is often a temptation to demon
strate the skill or make trial of the
gun by bringing down some unusual or
attractive specimen.
THE Federal migratory bird law covers
nearly all our smaller non-game birds.
and the State laws of Virginia and
Maryland are quite explicit. For in
stance, Virginia forbids the killing or
possession of any wild birds other than
game birds, with the exception of the
English sparrow, startling, blue jay, black
bird, crow and any Of the hawks and
owls.
The list of unprotected species in
Maryland is about the same, though re-
Gently the turkey buzzard has been
added to it, Formerly regarded as a
beneficial scavenger. the probable
spreading by it of animal diseases such
as hog cholera and anthrax, caused this.
"A special act Of Congress last year
extended protection to the bald eagle
through the United States except Alaska,
where bounty of so cents each is paid
for killing them, owing to the havoc
they make among spawning salmon.
+ when live duck decoys were legal,
many eagles were shot along the Poto-
which being anchored had no chance to
escape the eagle.
Now the penalty for killing the bald
eagle is $500 fine, six months in Jail, or
both.
Herons too are apt to be frequent
though forbidden targets owing to their
size and plumage.
Yours truly, A. B. F.
Let us hope that no one shoots a
blue jay.
This is one of Americas best birds.
1t not only is beauty, in every sense,
but adds a certain zest of life which we
very much need at this time of universal
destruction.
There are only few really bad hawks,
as pointed out here recently.
All but three or four of the hawks
should be as rigidly protected as the
chickadee.
The blue jays have a special place in
the home garden.
They add a note of blue to it which no
other bird brings
The bluebird is more often spoken
about than seen. Few yards have the
bluebirds any more.
All gardens can have jays. They come
even to the deep city. where not many
Evening star., 1941-10-25
Member of the Associated Press,
Small Loan Bill

It is to be hoped that the revelation
that an influential lobby" is working
to defeat the pending District Of
Columbia small loan bill will have
the salutary effect of forcing this
long-delayed measure to the floor. of
the House for a showdown. This
bill, designed to foster and rigidly
regulate legitimate small loan enter
prises in Washington, was reported
favorably by the House District Com
mittee on June last, but it has
languished on the House calendar
ever since. The District Commits
sioners, with the support of civic and
business organizations, have been
vainly seeking legislation of this sort
at every session of Congress since
1929.
The bill, drawn in accordance with
general recommendation of the
Russell Sage Foundation, is designed
as a substitute for the stringent
small loan law of 1918, which, while
aimed at the commendable goal of
Kidding the city of a plague of loan
sharks and shySterS, also had the
effect of making it Improbable for
ethical lending agencies to operate
here in the small loan field The
proposed bill would raise from l to 2
per cent the amount of interest
chargeable on monthly balances and
would raise the loan maximum from
5000 to $500. Through bonds and
licenses, the lenders would be rigor-
ously supervised and regulated and
borrowers would be Safeguarded
against uSurious service charges,
extra fees and the like
While such law would encourage
establishment of legitimate small
loan concerns in Washington, it
would affect adversely the thriving
business of certain small loan firms
scattered around the fringe of the
District and catering largely TO
Washington customers. These COM
panies would have to reduce their
interest from the present rates of 3
and 312 per cent to the Districts 2
per cent if they wished to compete
with Washington lenders for District
business, for the bill proposes to out
law as uncollectible in Washington
any such loan made outside the Dis
trict at an interest rate higher than
that prevailing here, unless the loan
was made under regulations similar
to those in force here. That neigh
boring small loan firms look with
disfavor on the bill is not surprising,
although they did not express them
selves openly at the hearings last
spring. In fact, there was little open
opposition to the measure from any
source when it was before the sub
committee headed by Representative
McGehee of Mississippi. Certainly
covert opposition, particularly by any
lobby representing what Chairman
McGehee describes as financial in
terests in States where small loan
companies flourish under interest
rates of and 312 per cent" has i'm
plications which Congress should re-
sent. The House should demon
strate its resentment by calling the
small loan bill up for action and
passing it without further delay.
Evening star., 1941-10-25
Lifting the Curfew

There will be few to mourn the
passing of the East Coast oil short
age, which, according to ones point
of view, was a menate 9. terrifying
proportions or a product Of some
bodys feverish Imagination.
Petroleum Co-ordinator IckeS, an
nouncing the lifting of restrictions
on the use of gasoline and oil, said
that "our program has been effec-
tive" This viewpoint was bolstered
by the statement that more gasoline
is in storage and available now than
was the case year ago. And, he
added, the overall deficit in petro-
leum stocks has been reduced from
a high of 100000 barrels last sum-
mer to 476,OO0 barrels as of October
18
Opposing Mr. Ickes' viewpoint are
contentious advanced by some men,
bers of Congress and some officials
of the oil industry to the effect that
there never was a bona fide shortage
that the underlying purpose of the
conservation campaign was to arouse
the American people to a greater
appreciation of the critical character
of the emergency confronting this
country.
At this stage of the game, it would
be pointless and probably futile to
attempt to draw the line between
these conflicting views. The essen
tial facts are that there is no short
age of oil itself and that any shortage
Of transportation facilities which
may have existed in the past or which
may arise in the foreseeable future
can be met by reasonably diligent
efforts to press railroad tank cars
into service and by keeping at home
seagoing tankers which are not
needed by the British.
On that state of facts. most Ameri-
cans will be glad to let the much
advertised oil shortage slip quietly
into an oblivion from which. it may
be hoped, there is no possibility Of
return.
Evening star., 1941-10-25
Accidents and Defense

President Roosevelt, in a letter to
Secretary Perkins made public this
week, expressed justifable concern
over the mounting toll of industrial
accidents. Last year, for example,
such injuries caused an aggregate
time loss of nearly 1900 100000 man
hours. According to reports received
by the Department of Labor, the
accident rate in private industry,
during the first half of 1941, regis
tered a greater increase than the
gain in employment. This means
that the Wastage in man power this
year will exceed that of 1910.
AS the President pointed out, these
accidents impose a heavy burden
1pon workers and their families and
slow up defense output at a time
when it is of vital Importance that
the country achieve a maximum
production of war materials. The
experience of American industry
shows that the number of disabling
injuries can be reduced through the
elimination of unnecessary hazards
and the Inauguration of safety cam
paigns in individual plants.
Last year Secretary Perkins ap-
pointed the National Committee for
the Conservation of Man Power in
Defense Industries Through small
staff of safety engineers and about
400 dollar a year" field agents, this
committee has undertaken Nation
wide campaign to curtail work acci-
dents in defense industries by secur-
ing the cooperation of management
and labor in establishing minimum
safety standards in all plants en-
gagged on Government orders.
In It's safety campaign, the COM
mittee can contribute much to in
crease defense production. It Is to
Evening star., 1941-10-25
THIS AND THAT
Bu Charles Z. Trace1Dell.

birds, with the exception Of the English
sparrows and starlings, and the ubiqui-
tous pigeon, are found in the winter.
The jay, then, is our bluest bird, on
an average.
1t is of interest that our reddest bird,
the cardinal, is also frequent visitor
to the city precincts.
There is no more common bird song in
the "city proper" as 1t is sometimes
called, than the hearty "cheer, cheer.
cheer" of the redbird in the springtime.
Many city children, taking the SPAR
rows for granted, get their first real
interest in bird life by hearing the car
dinal's song some spring morning, and
asking What bird is that?"
The jay is hearty, impudent fellow
who at all times has aroused either great
admiration or dislike.
There is nothing halfway about the
jay. He flies into the yard with a Wig
orous yawp, and conducts himself there
after as peer Of the realm, as the
saying used to have it.
That is, he is not afraid. Unlike some
Of the smaller birds, the jay is not timid,
in any sense.
He has a sense of humor which few OF
the feathered folk possess.
Many persons have spoken of this.
Mark Twain pointed 1t up to make
story about a jay trying to fill an empty
cabin with acorns. by dropping them
down the chimney.
The rest of the jays, at least according
to Twain, peered into the cabin, one by
one, and nearly went INTO bird convul-
sions at the impossible task which the
one jay had set for itself
Although this story may have been
made out of the whole cloth, as it were,
it nevertheless is so true to the char
acteristics of this bird that it may be
accepted as fact.
The blue jay is another bird which
has been the victim of an active smear
campaign.
If you speak of birds in mixed COM
pany, and happen to mention the jay
you will always find that some one who
knows nothing at all about birds is sure
to pop up with a statement that the
jay is a terrible bird.
While it is, in truth no angel, it is not
half as black as it is sometimes painted.
Close watch of it in home garden and
grounds will show comparatively few OF
the bad traits which are ascribed to it.
On the other hand, it is bird which
grows in esteem as one watches it.
1t often saves smaller birds from maui
rauders by sounding the alarm. 1t even
has managed to get fedglings released
from vines in which they have gotten
caught.
Give it some peanuts, now and then,
and enjoy a treat. A band Of half
dozen jays is more fun than the proven
bial barrel of monkeys. America is still
too reckless with its natural resources
if many persons kill this beautiful bird.
Evening star., 1941-10-25

@. Does Vice President Henry A. Wal.
lace smoke cigars or cigarettes?-H. l.. B.
A. Mr.. Wallace does not smoke.
@. Who played in the original produc-
ton of "Charley's Aunt" Nv. c.
A. W. S. Penley appeared in the title
role when the play was produced in Lon
don in 1892.
O. When was the last person hanged
in the Tombs at New York City?-S.
T. r.
A. The last execution by hanging in
Tombs Prison occurred on December Is,
1889.
O. Which building at the University
Of Virginia was designed by Stanford
White?-C. F. C.
A. Cabell Hall was designed by Stan
ford White to harmonic with the orig
inal Jeffersonian buildings. II was COM
pleted in 1898
O. What is the origin of the expression
pin money"?-R. T. A.
A. Al one time pins were handmade
and were so expensive that the money
received or set aside by woman for her
personal expenses came to be known as
pin money.
@. Please differentiate between a mo-
torized and a panzer division.-C. J. c.
A. A motorized division consists Of in
fantry which is transported In motorized
vehicles but fights on foot. panzer
division consists of tanks and armored
vehicles from which men fight.
@. Is the diamond harder stone than
the ruby?-S. L. A.
A. The diamond is estimated to be o5
times as hard as the ruby.
@. Why were the early settlers OF Nev'
Amsterdam called Knickerbockers?-T
L. G.
A. The name is combination of tu0
Dutch words, "knocker," to nod. an
booker" book; therefore nodders
dozers over books.
O. Who wrote the poem beginning
'They do me wrong who say come no
more"?-H. l.. R.
A. Walter Malone wrote the poem
which is entitled Reply to Opportunity.'
O. When did football players discart
tights?-T. j. A.
A. 1t was decided in 1873 that players
would wear canvas pants and jackets
instead Of tights.
@. When did Congress pass the first
World War draft bill?-L. D. K.
A. The Selective Service Act, provid-
ing for universal conscription, was
passed by Congress on May 10. 1917.
Evening star., 1941-10-25
Flying Cranes

One day above the TEXAS plains
! saD line of flying cranes
That sounded like the cldnk OF
chains.
Far up against the turquoise height
The leader dragged thread OF light
That flashed and cleaned in black
and Uhite.
The whole sky suddenly seemed lit,
1t ,Uas a sight so exquisite,
/ stood there breathless, matching it.
I had not dreamed there ,UaS a thing
As beautiful and startling
As that high line of cranes nUtnD.
GRACE NOLL CROWEIL.
Evening star., 1941-10-25
Ammunition Supply

One of several encouraging signs
of progress in our rearmament pro-
gram is the rapidity with which
powder and ammunition now are
being produced to overcome a short
age that only a few months ago was
causing the graveSt anxiety to the
Army and those responsible for it's
combat training.
The extreme caution with which
ammunition of all kinds has been
conserved, as evidenced in the daily
training of troops and the little
amount of actual firing done during
maneuvers, pointed unmistakably to
the fact that the reserve supply was
very deficient. Now for the first
time since June, 1910, there is rising
optimism among high military au-
thoritieS over the increase in produc-
ton, especially as it affects small
arms ammunition. From official
sources a rather cautious opinion
has been advanced that the Army
should be in good shape with re-
spect to ammunition for all calibers
by January or shortly thereafter.
To understand the chief contribut-
ing factor in this earlier anxiety it
is necessary to 60 back to the start
of the rearmament program. A sur
vey of essential defense needs dis
closed a shocking lack of planes,
tanks and modern weapons of every
kind, including the means to turn
them out Immediately in mass guam
titles. But more important to the
training of an Army of 100000 men
was the shortage of cartridges for
rifles and machine guns. From the
start it was considered imperative to
build number of huge powder fac
tories, for the stock of this main
component of cartridges was so low
it could easily have been fired away
in a single day.
A year before the first of these
plants went into full production re-
Gently at Radford, Va, with capac-
ity of 100000 pounds daily, the total
output of powder in the United
States was mere $4,000 pounds a
day. Now second plant is produc-
ing in all lines and in such quantities
as to keep all Army arsenals working
overtime to finish the cartridges. BY
next spring another will start pro-
dhction, so there is reason for the
optimism that now prevails in ord
nance circles.
Ammunition for actual firing still
is being used sparingly at the great
training centers but this is because
it was necessary to give priority to
our overseas garriSons, especially to
the forces in the Philippines and the
newly acquired Atlantic bases. Then,
too, it was important as a guarded
measure of preparedness to divert
the flow of ammunition and new
weapons to the Army's special task
forces. All this has been done in
spite of the increasing demands
made upon the arsenal of democracy.
There is another aspect of the i'm
proved situation with respect to am
munition that cannot be overlooked.
Besides adding immeasurably to eff
cient training methods, the gain in
morale that will come when recruits
feel the actual kick of a fired weapon
is not to be denied.
Evening star., 1941-10-25
of a man or a woman to a place ir

Of man or woman to place in
the American scene. The colored
farm worker can plow a beautiful
furrow, and the immigrant from
beyond the Rio Grande is skilled at
weaving, at embroidery and at the
silver craft. In the case of the
former, a folk philosopher of true
distinction may wear the aspect Of
denizen of the African forest; in the
latter, poetry as old as the Pyra-
mids may find expression with
mandolin.
A point to bear in mind is that
ability to write and to read may be
taught and learned even in the
autumn of life.
Evening star., 1941-10-25
Huskin's Answers
To Questions
By Frederic J. Hdskin.

reader can get the ansUer to any
question OF fact by Urttino The EUe.
ming Star Information Bureau, Fred.
eric J. Hasktn, director, Washington.
d. c. Please inclose stamp for reply.
@. How much metal was there in the
fences around Buckingham Palace that
were removed for scrap?--E. J. B.
A. The fences and gates contained 20
tons Of metal
Q. When was the Lend-Lease Act
signed?-J. B. H.
A. 1t was signed on March II, l94l
Q. Where was the first school for man
nurses?-E. L. G.
A. Man students were admitted to the
Mclean Hospital School OF Nursing at
Waverly, Mass, as early as 1879 The
first school for man nurses only opened
at City Hospital on Blackwells Island,
New York, in 1887, and the second at
Bellevue Hospital in 1888
@. What is the salary Of the members
of the New York Philharmonic JIG.
A. Each musician in the orchestra re-
ceives minimum salary Of $50 week
@. How many cars were there in the
United States in 190l?-S. j
A. Only l4,8o0 passenger automobiles
were registered.
@. What is the meaning Of the word
"havana"?-C. S. H.
A. 1t is Spanish word meaning
"harbor"
@. Where is the Worlds Postal Union
Monumental. G.. c.
A. 1t is in Berne, Switzerland, and
was erected in 1909 in commemoration
Of the founding of the Worlds Postal
Union in 1874 The memorial is the work
of the Partisan sculptor Rene de st.
Marceau and shows huge ball repre-
senting the world.
@. What is the headdress of a Sister
Of Charity called?-M. P. J.
A. 1t is a cornette
@. On what ship did Lindbergh return
to the United States after his trans-At-
lantic flight in 1s27?-E. J.
A. He returned on the U. S. S. Men,
phis.