davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1941-01-10
De GouIIe Rift With Weygond
Is Headache for British
London Striving for Reconciliation
In q United Free French" Movement

(Problems created for Britain
hy the Free French" movement
are discussed by an Associated
Press correspondent, just returned
from three years OF SerUice in
England and France, in this last
OF four special netDs seruice ar
ticles looking Behind Britain's
Bdttle.")
Evening star., 1941-01-10

NO s.
REPORT CONDITION OF THE
Morris Plan Bank
Washington the close Of business
Published in response call made by Comptroller the Currency
U. Revised Statutes.
ASSETS
1895 $50 Sc
United States Government obligations guaran
and cash
H. other asets 2sslls
H. Total 80
LIABILITIES
deposits Of individuals partnerships and
rn: deposits individuals. and :,
II. Deposits of banks -----.----- 100000
Other deposits Certified 3olss4
1875 1851
a. Total Liabilities -- -- s4474s242s
CAPITAL ACCOUNTS.
Preferred, total s25o,Ooo; reirable
Rate of dividends on retiable value s1ssS '5'''
c Common stock par oo-
as Surplus - $4,000 90
s a reserves aas retirement for preferred ss
30 Total Capital Accounts --- s7elss457
80. ss2ss2ssso
81 PLEDGED assets Cbook value,: "AAo''0'DA
c Assets pledged for purposes other than to secure
ce Total - - $4,000 90
president
sen that the above statement the knowledge
belief.
v WALTON
(seaD WILLIAM r. scHMUCKER,
Notary
expires September
w. CAMERON BURTON, Directors
Evening star., 1941-01-10

$500 Deep Pile Az
minister Rugs; one-of-o- T0Z S6
kind somples ---
Evening star., 1941-01-10
$2475 WoInut Finished GIG 80
Governo, Winthrop Desk $Ao'o<

$3.4o Unfinished Kitchen Choir,
$1.67
STATS PIotform Rocker, upholstered
in cotton tapestry
$3.50 Tuxedo Tapestry Love Sect,
one-pieee down cushion $3.50
S39.75 Mahogany Buffet $3.50
All Remaining Clothes Hampers,
u Price
Evening star., 1941-04-27

300 SpartanS died to the last man before
Persian spears; casualties of the 48-
hour defense which ended on Friday are
not yet counted.
Through these days of sWift-moving
disaster. British forces were being evacu-
ated by transport vessels of all kinds
from the Athens port of PiraeuS. from
Khalkis and from smaller harbors. Day
after day, these operations were under
almost continuous strafing from German
Stuka planes. with Berlin estimating
that nearly 250000 tons of shipping,
much of it loaded with retreating British
man power, had been sunk or put out
of commission.
only the weather and God can save
the British from annihilation," one Nazi
spokesman promised grimly in ikening
the evacuation to that of Dunkerque. Not
an inconsequential factor in this picture,
incidentally, is circumstance that from
Athens to British naval base at AleXan-
dria is 600 sea miles, to British-Gree
occupied Crete $50 miles-while from
Dunkerque to Dover was only so miles
Of Channel water. On Saturday, how
ever, Berlin admitted that most of the
British anG their equipment had escaped.
Accompanying this relentless overrun-
ming of most of Greece-continued re-
Evening star., 1941-04-27

Fiercest fighting of this world war oc-
CURED last week as superior Nazi forces
blasted southwark in Greece.
With their re,reat covered valiantly,
but not for long by rear-guard units
of Australians and New
Mountain Zealanders, British-Greek
Bltzkrieo forces withdrew early in
week across 50-mile plain
OF Thessaly to new defense positions in
the Othrys Mountains. Only briefly,
however, were allies able to halt Nazi
columns at this point as heavy German
tanks roared over terrain considered
virtually impossible, battering into COM
plete destruction lighter mechanical
equipment of defenders.
One of first tragedies of this rapid
folding of British-Gree front was the
For months past, this wing Of the
Greek forces had battered down Musso-
lini's attempted invasion of Hellas, driv-
ing Fascist legions and II Duce himself
back into Albania. From time of Ger
man panzer thrust across Southern Yugo-
SlaVla, however Army OF EplruS mad
been under continuous f1anking pressure
and as revitalized Italians punched
southwark, Greeks were forced into with
drawal. Speed of German movements
southwest toward Ionian Sea left Epirus
Army completely cut off, and suing for
surrender on Tuesday.
On wednesday, King George II. whose
personal antagonlSm toward totalitarian
axis is credited for determination of his
nation to resist Fascist-Nazi combine,
moved his government to island of Crete.
Have courage he asked his people
in assuring them that Greek resistance
will not end until its independence is
restored, good days will come again"
BY mdweek, it became evident that
next stand Of British and Greeks would
be at Thermopylae Pass,
ThermopyIde the hot gates winding
Resistance narrowly through the
Lokris Mountains. Once
before in Greek history, in 480 BIC,
heroic defense against a conqueror of
superior strength had been fought at
this mountain gateway At that time
Evening star., 1941-04-27
German Threat Suez and Near East Grows Wake Of Noz Sweep

The battle of Britain was not SO In
tense last week, as Germany's air raiders
confined their activities
Plymouth almost entirely to the
Bombed southwest port of Plym-
outh, entry for shipping
which has made the long haul from the
South Pacific or Indian Oceans by way
of South Africa and the Cape of Good
Hope
On successive nights, Monday and
Tuesday, Hitler's Luftwaffe poured
bombs of all sizes on harbor works,
homes and institutions alike. Berlin
claimed II 900 tons of shipping destroyed
in one night
Countering, Royal Air Force flyers
pounded Cologne, Brest, Dusseldorf,
LIE Havre, Rotterdam, Dunkerque and
Ostend.
At Brest, London claimed bombs had
put out of commission for months the
26,00o-ton German battleship Scharn-
horst and seriously damaged her sister
ship Gneisenau. Several axis supply
ships also were reported damaged.
Britain received an encouraging report
on its aircraft strength, incidentally,
when Lord Beaverbrook, Minister of Pro-
duction, told the House of Lords that
the R. A. F. now has reserve planes equal
to the total operational strength-one
ship in reserve for each one on operating
assignment.
In this feet, he added, are nearly
1000 Canadian and American built
planes, with the flow from this country
increasing rapidly"
Evening star., 1941-04-27

Meanwhile, however. British forces re-
manned in Tobruk, 80 miles inside Italian
Libya, and in Salum, just across Egyptian
frontier, with conflicting claims being
made as to whether these garrisonS were
under hopeless siege or were remaining
by choice to block German-Italian COL
umnS headed eastward
In East Africa, Italian forces which
had seemed completely routed before
the turn in axis fortunes in the Balkans
rejected demands for their unconditional
surrender and engaged in sharp fighting
with British at bessie.
Regarding potential axis assault upon
Gibraltar, unofficial reports were recur-
rent that Berlin had demanded free
passage for troops across Spain, but
whether Franco government will soon
Succumb to formidable pressure which
can be brought by Fascist and Nazl
powers has not been clearly indicated.
Evening star., 1941-04-27
Motruh, War Port,
Hos Roman Ruins

Matruh, Egypts western headquarters
in the first World War, has broken into
the news again with the advance Of
axis forces through Lipya toward Alex
andria and the Suez Canal. This Medi-
terranean port, about $50 miles east of
the Libyan border, has become the main
base of British operations in defense
of Western Egypt.
The port is the western terminus Of
a railroad which connects it with Alex
apdria. 200 miles to the east says
bulletin from the National Geographic
Society. THE railway was pushed vest
ward from Alexandria by Xhedive
Abbas Hilmi Pasha, ruler of Egypt from
1892 to 1914
This more popuTous coastal region
of Western Egypt had been traversed
by an OLD Roman road connecting Alex
andria with Paraetonium, which was the
Roman name for the ancient town on
the site of Matruh. To care for the slow
moving caravans of ancient times wells
and cisterns, ruins of which remain,
were built beside the highway.
"Paraetonium is notable for the visit
there of Alexander the Great, father
of worldwide dreams Of conquest, who
was on his way to consult an oracle
presumably to ask whether he was des-
tined to conquer the then known world.
The western shore of the present
harbor at Matruh is fiat sand. pene-
trated by a large lagoon, which was
probably the Roman harbor, At the
western extremity of the lagoon is an
oasis which holds today the ruins of
the old town of Matruh and was prob
ably the site of Paraetonium in Roman
times.
THE town has a population of only
a few hundred, including Greek mer-
chants engaged in trade with the
Bedouin tribesmen of the desert and
local herdsmen. Behind the low sand
hills, an undulating plain of loam-cov-
cred limestone extends four mill knland
to the Libyan Desert plateau
Evening star., 1941-04-27
By Manuel Vega.

est, insignificant building in which he
assembled his first car.
This millionaire, plain and powerful,
independent and clever, can review his
career whenever he may wish; and he
does it without pride, for he has created
this opportunity not just to satisfy his
vanity, but rather to show that man
can be the architect of his own greatness
if he wishes.
AS we leave the Edison Museum, We
meet Mr.. Ford. Thin and pale, his
glance as penetrating as an eagles, his
chin very expressive and his lips indica-
tive of shrewdneSS, he comes to greet
us with his hat in his hand He speaks
only few words. but he consents to
picture together with us; he then walks
along few steps. oblivious of the
atmosphere surrounding him, the atmos-
phere which is, after all. the issue of
his own extraordinary personality. He
thanks us for visiting him, and ends the
short, cordial interview with an informal
"Good-by, boys"
Conveyor Belt Production.
One of the luxurious automobiles
turned out by his factory awaits close
by; Mr.. Ford jumps in with the agility
of boy and closes the. door vigorously.
Within few seconds the car is lost
in the distance, but the picture of the
man remains intact in our memories.
Sections of the Ford plant impressed
us as a large deserted city The strike
had not been settled yet. However, we
were to have an opportunity to witness
the conveyor belt method of producing
automobiles, the following morning, in
the huge factories of General Motors.
Everything works with the precision of
clock there. The production line,
along which the various essential parts
of the automobile are assembled, re-
sembles the circulatory system of the
human body somewhat; it never stops
Moving along slowly, perfectly timed
and properly guided to the appropriate
places. some parts of the automobile are
geared to others. Everything is planned
with mathematical exactness; nothing
is missing in the whole magnificent sys-
tenn. Wlthlnthe several divisions of the
plant orders are telegraphed from the
48 transmitting stations
Toy for an Age of Speed.
In just a few minutes we followed
along the whole process of the manu-
featuring of an automobile, a process
which is complex and simple at the same
time. From the birth of a bolt, an in
significant job in itself, to the moment
the car goes along by its own power to
the testing field, we felt we were watch
narily large toy-a toy for the speed
crazed people Of our times.
And to Detroit itself, an industrial city
Evening star., 1941-04-27
BASRA LANDING TURNS SPOTLIGHT TO IRAQ
Turbulent Kingdom One Key Areas of Near East

But the native population showed it
self violently opposed to British rule.
Barely had the mandate gone into effect
when general rebellion broke out
Though presently suppressed by large
British forces, the expense OF holding
down the country and the ominous un-
rest then spreading throughout the Near
East made Britain adopt a more con-
ciliatory policy.
Feisal Made King Of Iraq.
Britain's best friend in the Arab world
was the Shereef of Mecca, the Holy City
of Islam. One of his sons had been in
stalled as head of Transjordania, the
new protectorate established east of
Palestine Another son, Feisal, had tried
to make himself King of Syria, but had
been driven out by the French, who re-
ceived the mandate over that country
from the League. British diplomacy
picked Feisal as a dependable ruler for
Mesopotamia.
The choice was acceptable to the ma
tives, and Britain recognized his gov
ernment in a special treaty which granted
the country. now known by its Arab
name of Iraq, large measure of self
government. That instrument was .su-
perseded by another treaty in 1927, in
which Britain undertook to recognize
Iraq as an independent state. In 1882
Iraq was admitted to membership in the
League of Nations and the mandate was
terminated However, Britain retained
a certain amount of veiled control over
Iraq by treaty provisions under which it
is acting in the present military occupa-
ton. Furthermore, the fact that Britain
controls several small Arab states in the
Persian Gulf gives it an additional hold
over Iraq in case of necessity, such as
that which has now developed.
Rich Oil Fields Developed.
While Feisal lived, all went well. A
true Oriental ruler, he knew how to
manage his turbulent subjects. A stanch
friend of Britain, he welcomed Western
capital which rapidly developed the
country's natural resources. Irrigation
and drainage projects laid the founda-
ton for agricultural prosperity. Even
more noteworthy was the exploitation of
Iraq's rich oil fields, located in the
Province of Mosul. Besides affording a
cheap source of local power, pipelines
across the desert transported enormous
quantities to Palestine and Syria on the
Mediterranean. Furthermore, another
pipeline from the oil fields of Persia led
to a point on the Persian Gulf just be-
low Basra. These oil lines greatly en-
HANGED Iraq's international Importance.
Unfortunately Feisal's health gradually
failed until he died in European health
resort in 1888. He was succeeded by his
son Ghazi, a high-spirited young man,
81 years old, who had been educated in
England and was interested chiefly In
Evening star., 1941-04-27
Wars 86th Week
By John &. Henry.

Axis arms were rushing to compile
ton of their Balkan victory last week
and as this was written it seemed
only matter of hours before the
legions of Conqueror Hitler would be
in historic Athens, honored capital
of Greece Close at hand now is
Turkey, under pressure of Nazi war
of nerves" for months past; not far
off are rich oil lands of Iral and
Britain's valued Suez gateway.
Other theaters of war produced
only sideShoWS, though some of
these, such as British naval bonn
bardment of Tripoli, were spectacular.
In Washington, almost war capital
these days, the American people were
told they must pay $500 900 900 new
taxes next year; graphically and
curtly, President Roosevelt on Fri
day announced what may be first
axis invasion of Western Hemisphere
possible partial occupation of
Greenland.
Evening star., 1941-04-27

The landing of strong British forces
at Basra, ancient port city at the head
Of the Persian Gulf, brings into the
spotlight of world interest one of the
key areas of the Near East. This is the
Arab state of Iraq better known to us
by its historic name, Mesopotamia.
Mesopotamia is term of Greek
origin, meaning The Land Between the
Rivers" The rivers in question are the
Tigris anc Euphrates. What historic
memories they evoke! The fertile
valley watered by those two mighty
streams is the legendary site of the
Garden o. Eden Like the valley of the
Nile, it was one of the earliest seats of
civilization linked with the golden
names OF Nineveh ana Babylon, while
It's presert capital, Bagdad, recalls the
mighty Caliph, Haroun al Rashid, and
the tales of the Thousand-and-One
Nights.
Commercial Importance Lost.
Those historic glorjes are long past.
The civilizations which flourished in
Mesopotemia were all dependent on
an elaborate system of irrigation and
drainage needed to distribute the river
waters When the barbarous Mongols
overran the country in the later Middle
Ages, they deliberately destroyed the
canals, thereby converting fertile fields
into barren plain or pestilential marsh,
according to the season.
The Ottoman Turks, who presently
added Mesopotamia to their expanding
empire, Cid nothing to repair the dam
age Also. at about the same time,
Baghdad's commercial Importance as a
major link in the overland trade route
between India and the Mediterranean
ceased when European discoverers
rounded the Cape Of Good Hope and
opened up safer and cheaper sea
route to India and beyond.
Decline of Mesopotamia.
The upshot was that Mesopotamia
went into complete decline. Great
cities shrank to impoverished ruins,
while tribes of Bedouin Arabs pastured
their focks and herds on the sites OF
ancient fields. The neglected, mis-
governed land could support only a
tithe of its former inhabitants And
even this remnant was torn by bitter
internal feuds. OF these, the most in
veterate is that which divides the Mo-
hammedar majority. The Iraq Mos
lens are about one-half Sunnite or
Orthodox and one-half Shah, heresy
centering ir nearby Persia which backs
Its Iraq coreligionists in making trouble.
Another division is that between the
Arab-speaking population which pre-
dominates over most of the country and
the mixed Kurdish and Turkish ele-
ments in the northern province of Mosul.
Lastly, the Arabs, already divided re-
Egiously, are further split between the
Evening star., 1941-04-27

Australian Premier Menzies was reported
urging formation of imperial war cabl-
net with dominionS admitted to full
partnership.
Tied closely into this week of German
victory were other Mediterranean en-
gagements.
Aware that Nazi strategy of today un-
doubtedly envisions twin drives at Suez
and Gibraltar. Britain's
TripoIi Mediterranean feet showed
SheIIed ap early Monday morning
before Italian Tripoli,
major base for axis columns now op-
Grating along North African coast.
Steadily for AZ minutes and without i'm
portant reply, the fighting ships hurled
1000 tons of shells into the harbor, claim
ing direct and perhaps fatal hits on
seven enemy vessels. destruction of mu-
nitions dumps, railroad facilities and
power plants.
Evening star., 1941-04-27

Unquestionably alarmed, Turk govern
ment meanwhile is reported in close con-
sultation with Moscow, sure to temper
its attitude toward German demands in
conformity with advices of Soviet gov
ernment. Although 1.soscow, too has
reason to be deeply disturbed at literal
German capture of entire Balkan penin-
sula, leaving Nazis poised for eastward
thrust at rich Ukraine, Stalinist govern
ment has given no indication that it will
cross Berlin.
Even on London's political front. Ger
man successes against Yugoslavs. Greeks
and British had serious repercussions
during this week, and for first time since
he took over government Churchill heard
whisperings that younger hands may yet
be forced to direct the empires war ef-
fort Bearing brunt of Balkan battle,
Australia spoke critically of the losses
of so many of her sons and in London
Evening star., 1941-04-27
By Lothrob Sfoddard.

Bedouin nomad tribes and the settled
population of the towns. All these ele-
ments are noted for their turbulence.
Above them stood the Turkish officials
and soldiers sent from far-off Constanti-
nople, who levied tribute without main
tanning even decent order in return.
That is the sad story of Mesopotamia
down to the World War, though even
then there were signs of better times.
From nearby footholds in the Persian
Gulf, Britain had extended her influ-
ence over the port of Basra and lower
Mesopotamia and British engineers were
making tentative plans for dams and
drainage canals which might revive the
country's ancient fertility. From the
north came German engineers, surveying
the projected line of the Berlin -Baghdad
Railway, which would open Mesopo-
tamia to Teutonic enterprise. Far in
the background loomed the gigantic fig
ure of the Russian bear, Scheming for
Warm-water outlet to the Persian Gulf
as it had done ever since Peter the
Great. MeSopotamia showed signs of
emerging from its long eclipse.
Britain Acts Speedily.
When Turkey cast in it's lot with Ger
many in 1914, Britain acted speedily.
Before that year was ended, big Brit
ish Army composed mostly of Indian
troops had occupied Basra and was push
ing northWard toward Baghdad. The
Turks and their German allies put up
stiff resistance, and inflicted one bad
defeat on a British force which was sur
rounded at Kut-el-Amara and compelled
to surrender. However, by the close
of the war, Britain had occupied Meso-
potamia and Turkish rule was over. By
the peace treaty, British control was
perpetuated in the form of mandate
from the newly formed League of
Nations
At that moment, Britain was predom-
inant throughout the Near East Egypt
was British protectorate. Palestine
and Transjordania were other British
mandates. These abutted on Mesopo-
tamia from the west, while Southern
Persia was also in British hands clear to
British Baluchistan and India. In this
unbroken belt of British territory, Meso-
potamia was obviously key link, and
there was much talk of intensive de-
velopment Its agricultural possibilities
are enormous, while its present popula-
ton is only 100000 India, which had
made such sacrifices of blood and treas
ure to conquer the country from the
Turks, suggested that Mesopotamia form
an outlet for Indias surplus population
as soon as elaborate irrigation and drain
age projects made large-scale settlement
possible That would certainly have
changed the basic character of the coun.
try and riveted 1t to the empire.
Evening star., 1941-04-27

OF Abdul IlLdh. A. p. Photo.
racing motor cars and plotting airplanes.
This Westernized monarch lacked his
fathers Oriental touch. Accordingly,
trouble was not long in brewing. In 1886
the existing government, headed by his
fathers old advisers, was overthrown by
a military coup headed by an ambitious
soldier, Gen. Bakr Sidky. A year later
the general was asSaSsinated in revenge
for the death of notable whom the
general had ordered shot in the previous
revolt. Though new government was
established, intrigue and discomfort SIM
mered beneath the surface.
New Regime Pro-Axis.
The situation took further turn for
the worse when King Ghazi was killed
in a motor accident early in 1889, leav-
ing as his heir a boy only years old.
Obviously, there had to be regent. And
that, in turn, opened up bitter contro-
versies among the leading notables. In
Arab lands there are always few great
clan families who intrigue and fight one
dllUlIlSl Will oil tltC NCllOll VI 11OAlt0S uCS
and Capulets. When one faction con-
trolls the government, the other auto
matically goes into opposition and sell
dom scruples to accept outside aid.
For years German and Italian agents
had been busy in Iraq and certainly were
behind the scenes in the palace revolu-
ton staged some three weeks ago in
Baghdad, when the pro-British regent,
Abdul Illah, was ousted by rival notable
named Rashid Ali Beg Gallant, who
seized power with the backing of most
of the native army. Though the new
regime did not adopt an openly anti
British attitude, its pro-axis leanings
were obvious.
Here was threat which Britain could
not tolerate, with the vital oil lines in
jeopardy and the back door to Turkey
in danger of being closed. So British
troops have landed ut Basra and seized
control.
Evening star., 1941-04-27
INDUSTRIAL AMERICA AS SEEN BY CHILEAN
Newsmen Henry Results of Edisons Genius

par excellence, we owe the most thrilling
and significant impression of this part
of our trip The night We arrived there
we attended a concert in the Masonic
Temple After hearing works by Gounod,
Verdi, Tschaikowsky and Puccini, the
whole audience arose and joined the
orchestra and choirs in the Hallelujah
chorus of Handel's oratorio, The Mes
siah." 1t was Easter Sunday and the
voices of the 5000 spectators were we'll
blended in the most lyric and fervent
of prayers Such Spiritual discipline
was evidence of the unity of the people
of the United States. of this people SO
deeply religious and tolerant.