davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1941-09-19


dormer windows and several roof,
breaks and angles which make the
ceiling very much cut up. 1 am
about to have them done over and
wondered whether paint or paper
would look best. There is a paper
on the wall now which is monde
script. Is paper hard to use on these
angles? Where does ceiling start
and wall begin? Would a painted
wall be simpler? H. r. E.
AnsWer-A painted wall will SIM
plify all the angles, especially if you
carry it over walls and ceilings
with no change in tone. Wall paper
is not difficult when handled the
same way. Use a delicate all-over
pattern that has no "up and down."
and paper both walls and ceiling
alike. BY being sure that this is
not too strong in color so that it
will come down on top of you" you
will achieve a most charming room.
Dear Miss Novel;: I have an old
empire desk, or secretary, with
glass front doors above. 1 would
like very much to use this in my
dining room if it would not be out
of place. Would you advise remov-
ing the doors and having open
shelves? Is there anything I could
do about the slant top so that the
interior of the desk is visible? That
Is really the most attractive part,
with small drawers and cubbyholeS.
Would it be all right to remove it?
G. A.
Answer - Anything which you
might do to improve the usefulness
of the piece without destroying It's
character for future use as a desk
would be all right. The slant top
might be taken off, with all hard
ware carefully removed and saved.
The top could be set fiat to make a
table surface within the desk. This
would be nice spot to place a fine
old silver tureen or pair Of candle
sticks. Back the shelves above with
Chinese tea papers and display your
incest china there. The little cub
byholes will do for small porcelains
or silver ornaments, and the tiny
drawers for tea or after dinner cof-
fee spoons. The drawers below will
provide storage space for linen.
would suggest you leave the upper
doors in place If they are nice ones.
I think this will make the desk USE
full now in the dining room, and in
case it is ever again used as a desk
all parts will be available and un-
harmed.
Dear Miss NOVEL;: We are having
q fireplace built into our living room.
Do you think the new fireplace units
that have warm-air ventilators are
worth the extra expense, or would
it be better to get just a good, old
fashioned fireplace? R.T.
Answer-By all means get the
new units for several reasons. In
the first place they will give you
just the necessary amount of heat
for the next six weeks and elimi-
nate turning on the furnace. Later,
when the furnace Is on, the dam
pers in the fireplace will prevent all
the warm air escaping from your
rooms when the fireplace is not in
use. Also, you can count on proper
draught and combustion at all times.
Address inquiries on home dec
Grating to Margaret NOVEL; in
care of The Evening Star. Ques-
tions will be answered In this
column as quickly as space per-
mits. For personal reply inclose
Scent stamped, self addressed
envelope with your request.
Evening star., 1941-09-19
Tiny Shops Make Wedding
Dresses of Satin, Lace
In Only Three Hours
Adaptations of the Models
Seen Uptown Priced Low
In the Bowery Stores
By Helen Voet

It's only few minutes cab from vank 57th to Clinton street in
The wide
doormen squad
Different,
Of living and their activities
Evening star., 1941-09-19
Tomorrow You'll Wear

Gloves to above the elbow in lace.
fabric or kid, to match or contrast
with the color in your evening
gown.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1941-10-31
National sroaooastrno Company

National Broaoesstino Company
Red network WLW 700. MWJ
$50. WTAM 100 WMAQ $40, Blue
network. WXYz 1870, WLW 700;
WGN 100.
Columbia 6roadeastlne Company
-WJR 100, WBBM $50, WCkl
1880, WFBM 1860, VICAR 1880.
WBNS 1850. WOOD 1910: Blue
network. WOWO 1890
Mutual 8roadeastlns Company
network, WLW 700. CKLW 500;
Red etwork, WLW 700; Blue
VGN 720.
Friday cMFWY p
Tonight
THE WAR-7:O0 MBS, 7:15 NBC-
Red, 500 MBS. S:15 MBS. s:55
CHS. 1890 NBC-Blue, 1O:45 CHS
East. 1900 NBC CHS.
TALKS-NBC 700, Rep. Samuel
Dickstein on Allen Batting Must
Cease; NBC-Blue $50. Sen. Hen
rik Shipstead on War or
Peace?" CHS 1920. Secretary
Perkins and others from Inter.
national Labor Conference.
NBC-Red-S:00- Lucille Manners
Concert, Premiere OF Kent
Cooper's Sunset;
S:S0-Information Please;
9:00-WaltZ Time:
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1941-10-31

atrocity, I'm no judge of atrocities
And the Germans not only
threaten. They execute likewise.
They're not merely ACCUSED
Of doing so. They ANNOUNCE it.
If the kaiser's soldiers actually
did commit some of the atrocities
attributed to EN- in the last war.
the chances are that there was a
considerable proportion Of irrespon-
sibility about their deviiment; the
higher-ups apparently didn't out
right ORDER il. Now it's a matter
Of proclamation by officials like
General Heinrich Won Stuelpnagel.
Herr Hitlers military representa-
tive, in charge in occupied France.
Hard to AIibi
II doesn't seem as II 1941's afro
cities ever are going to be as COM
paratively easy to alibi as the re-
ported ones in 1914-'1S were.
Another thing I'd like to know Is:
Whatn Adolf have coming to
him, If and when the democracies
lick him? viii he be allowed to
streak it out to some such place as
Doom, like Wilhelm? There was a
deal OF advance talk of stringing
Bill up by the neck just before he
made his getaway, but it never
came to anything. How about
Adolf? But maybe, when the cards
begin running enough against him,
the Germans themselves will dis
pose of him.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1941-10-31
JUST THINKING

You nave probably heard the
story OF the man who spent most
OF his time at a window OF a busy
office apparently staring idly into
space, but who was. in fact the
highest paid man in the organiza-
ton because, as he sat and looked,
he thought out new ideas and pro-
cesses which yielded his company
many times mis- salary. Now comes
auother In his class. He is a New
Yorker named Ken Upton.
What Ken was thinking about as
ne sat with his feet upon the porch
rail was a shipwreck and what to
do about otler similar experiences.
81 was a radio operator az sea for
u years. he says. and was with
Captain George Fried on The 5. S.
President Roosevelt when we res
cued the crew Of the Antinoe IN
26.
The picture OF hfeboats sailing
off with no assurance that any
body would ever see them or rescue
their passengers always bothered
me.
Weii,-I- was sitting on the porch
and ! was reading the paper and
there was a story in 1t about come
drifting life5oats with no one in
them being found and all OF sud
den this idea hit me.
You know you could put a radio
in a llfeboat but the trouble is you
would have TO have an operator.
This idea got was for a radio but
4 different kind Of rsdio-one that
anybody could work and now I've
got the thing all worked out.
It's toolproof, waterproof, does
mt use batteries and you don't have
10 know a blessed thing about radio.
All you've got TO do is turn li;tle
crank Ike they used to have on
telephones years ago.
You turn the crank which Is on
magnetic and that gives you the
current for the set and also turns a
wheel which is slotted like a fire
alarm wheel and every time cam
hits the proper slots Il sends cut
the standard distress signal on in
terna;ional distress frequency.
at will carry p 10 80 miles in the
daytime and much farther at night.
What does Upton expect TO profit
from his invention?
"Nothing-fd be satisfied II some
hodv fka the maritime cor,1 r,1isaio7
took It over and Il saved some
lives" which the commission will
probably do and for which many
future victims OF accidents at sea
will be extremely grateful.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1941-10-31
WORK FOR PIGEONS

New York Citys shittless pigeons
have been put % work at L. s.
owned warehouse on Staten Island.
Their new lob is sorting raw ergot
a medicinal fungus, from rye grain.
Il was discovered that the pig-
cons, always looking for a handoui
would willingly eat the grain, but
always passed up the ergots. para
site which grows on certain types
OF Balkan grain.
Men, who ordinarily have the
tedious task OF seeking out the err
got-r.dden rye grains, used IN max
ing important medicines, have been
dispensed with. The grain now r.
spread on screens. and the pigeons
quickly clean out the grain. leaving
the pure ergo
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1941-10-31

really was spy was, indeed, dis
puted. II not, shooting her was, for
a fact. an atrocity. The Germans
contend that she was, though, and
possibly thought so. AS to that par
ticular case. they put up a certain
sort OF a defense, anyway. against
the atrocity charge.
According 10 the Allies, though,
they also chopped up little Belgian
children, murdered invalid old men,
attacked women and raised mill
tarily unnecessary Cain generally
These were genuine atrocities. If
the Germans actually were guilty
Of EN-. They insisted that they
weren't, however. Their version
was that such yarns were lying
propaganda, piped up by the Brit
ish and French to make bystanders,
such as we Americans were during
the first half OF the conflict, hate
'en1.
To this day the record isn't quite
as conclusive as 1t would have been
II Berlin hadn't sworn that the
kaiser's soldiery hadn't perpetrated
the crimes attributed to EN-.
But this time?
Why, THIS time the news Of
Herr Hitler's atrocities comes from
German sources.
Publiciz Killings
rhe Nazis explicitly want it cir
culated, for the purpose Of soaring
the inhabitants of their conquered
areas into submitting to their &C.
cupying forces passively. To &C
complish it, IL 1t can be done at all,
publicity's essential to EN-.
In the countries Adolf's troops
have overrun there manifestiy and
naturally is a tremendous amount
Of violent ant-German feeling, re-
sulting, as in france, in the occa
sional assassination of NaZi Off
GER or other functionary.
One may have a good bit Of SYM
patty with the assassins. Never
theless, If the Germans catch one,
it would be logical to expect 'em TO
execute him. Were they to do so, It
scarcely would rate as an atrocity,
Their trouble is that they 1on't
catch EN-.
So what's their policy?
Well. the first steps to round up
a lot OF available civilians, who
haven't done anything reprehensi-
BILE, whatever they perhaps have
been thinking. and intern EN- in
concentration camp. as hostages.
Then the general public's notified,
as ostentatiously as possible, that.
the minute another Germans as
sass!nated, so or 100 innocent hos
tages will be shot. Then, this batch
Of shootings having been attended
to. the public's informed that, I'M
less the sure-enough assassins are
surrendered forthwith, a second
batch Of hostages will be slaugh-
tered.
II killing those hostages isn't an
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1941-10-31
Normal College Calendar


713 mWesleyan Guild
Hall for a hayrack party
80 m.Baptist
loween Party Starkweather H
p.
Church
party faculty McKenny
Hail.
SATURDAY
Halloween
Party, Sarkweather Hall
90O12-OoHarvest Ballroom Charles McKenny
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1941-10-31

bers that he spent his summer va
cation studying the coal mine area
OF Youngstown, o. He described
his work there. Many or the color
ed slides pictured old coal mines.
Approximately so members were
present and each one signed a
card to be sent to Miss Hilda T.
Harpster, of the natural science
department faculty. who is ILL.,
1t was decided that the group
picture for the Aurora, Michigan
State Normal College yearbook.
will be taken at the next meeting.
Miss Anne Frankenberry. Ypsi-
lanti, president Of the club. pre-
sided at the meeting.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1941-10-31
Today's Horoscope

A personal or domestic matter
will give disappointment sometime
during the next year to the folk
who are celebrating birthdays to-
day However. they will gain
much through elders. strangers
and secret or novel methods. They
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1941-10-31
Fifty Years Ago

which saw the following new Of
ficers chosen: Dr. William n. Be
thune. Grand Rapids. vice presi.
dent; DR.. Phile z. Haviland. De
troit. recording secretary. and DR..
Robert x. Holman. Highland Park.
treasurer.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1941-10-31

Undernutrition Of civilian pop
llations is an inevitable conse-
luence Of war. And there is no
more delicate barometer of under
nourishment than the incidence Of
tuberculosis.
Tuberculosis is on the increase
abroad and the splendid record Of
accomplishment in the control Of
The disease throughout the world
$ being seriously threatened as a
result of war conditions" is the
statement Of the statisticians of
the Metropolitan Life Insurance
Company.
The incidence Of tuberculosis
mas been steadily and rapidly fall
ing since 1s50-with one inter
ruption-the years Of World War
I. That interruption in the regu-
lar decline Of the tuberculosis
deathrate affected even the United
States.
Far removed as we were from
the conflict, little as our food
supply was interrupted. yet even
here in 1918 for the first time
since the Civil War, the death rate
from tuberculosis rose, instead Of
continuing its fall, and this rise
continued until 1920.
Increase in Last War
In Europe, however, the inter-
ruption was drastic and alarming.
In England the death rate from
tuberculosis among women was rs
per cent higher in 1918 than it was
in 1913. In Germany it was rs
per cent higher in 1918 than in
1913. In Belgium the rate doubled
from III deaths per 100000
population in 1918 to 800 in 1918.
In Belgrade the tuberculosis death
rate in 1918 reached the almost
incredible figure Of 400 per 100,-
600 population.
The story is being repeated. In
England the death rate from tu-
berculosis for males showed an
increase Of 10 per cent in 1910.
over 1889, per cent for females.
In France the Vichy government
reports 4 sharp increase. Over
conditions in Germany there has
been pail of silence, so we gather
they can not be good.
The lesson is surely that tuber-
culosis rate runs coincidentally
with food supply. Our own stats
tics are not yet affected, which in
dicates that our distribution has
not been interrupted. We must
make every effort to preserve this
status and every effort to main
tain the food supply Of the entire
world. as a matter Of intelligent
unselfishness, because tuberculo-
sis is a plague spot that spreads in
all directions.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
G. K. c.: as it possible to re-
ceive the full food value Of such
things as eggs, milk and butter
when they are used as ingredients
rather than as simple food by
itself?
Is there the same value in pow
dered eggs and milk as there is in
fresh eggs and milk? II there is
the same value in powdered eggs,
could YOU tell me where to buy
them?
Answer: l. Yes.
2. Yes.
3. Powdered egg yolk is manu-
featured by r. c. Williams Co.,
New York, ". Y.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1941-10-31
BY 4. J. SCOTT

kind before a ticket window Per-
sons who tfnd a waiting line Of
people and who push themselves
up TO the window ahead Of the
line. should be requested. courte-
ously but firmly. to go to the
end Of the line and wait their
turn.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1941-10-31
TAKES OVER DUTIES

Grand Rapids. Mich. Oct 81
lNs-Dr Leroy G. Johnson. pom.
tisc. today took over his duties as
president % The Michigan Associa.
ton Of Osteopafhic physicians and
surgeons following his election
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1941-10-31
One-Mlnute Test

1. Just what Is a three-point
landing Of an airplane7
2. A play and a movie we're
made from Erskine Caldwells
best-known novel. What Is its
name7
3. What are radio waves?
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1941-10-31

may safely deal with property and
Inventions Born ON this date q
child will be very lucky In various
unexpected ways. Occult friends
win prove most helpful, and the
intuitions should always be fol-
lowed. This child will be q re-
markable character.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1941-10-31
SLIDES REVEAL
STUDY Of MINE

DR.. Myron 7. Sturgeon. assistant
professor Of geology at the Michi-
gan State Normal College, showed
interesting colored slides ilustrat-
ing "a biologists Holiday" when
he met with the Natural Science
Club Thursday evening in the Sci
ence Building.
Dr. Sturgeon told the club mem
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1941-10-31

lildt lney bnOl
E dith Cavell,
but they said
that that wasn't
an city.
Their story was
that Edith was
a spy. and it's
customary to
shoot spies in
wartime. T h e
Allies shot or
hanged a few.
too, and didn't
consider II afro
cious.
TIL at Edith
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1941-10-31
Pick of the Air Today

9:30-Doghouse:
l0:3O-Studio X.
CHS - 1880 west lO:30) 90 Al
Pearce;
s:00-Kate Smith. Hour;
9.OO-Playhouse My Fayorite
Wife;
s:3O-First Nighter:
l0:00-Hollywood Premiere
NBC-Blue-7:I5-Radio Magic;
9:00-Gangbusters;
9:30-Michael and Kitty;
1000 New series. Rochester
Civic Orchestra.
MBS-7:SO (West $500 - Lone
Ranger;
9:30-Berle and LaughtOn
10:00-Boxing Bout, Ray Robinson
VS.. Fritzie Civic;
1l:30-M Isle from Birth OF the
Blues.
Saturday
THE WAR-Morning 500 NBC
CHS. S:45 NBC-Red, S.55 NBC-
Blue, 800 CHS, 10000 MBS, l1;00
CHS MBS; Afternoon: 400 NBC-
Red. 6:25 NBC, $3.50 CHS.
NBC-Red--ll a. m.--Rita Hayworth
In Lincoln Highway;
4:30 p. m.-Weekend Whimsy.
CBS-4:30-Around Britain, des-
criptiye;
S:00-Calling Pan-America.
Observation-Disclosures Club
5:30-Glenn Miller Serenade.
MBS-11;30 a. m.-U. 5. Army
Band;
$50 p. m.-Prelude to Stardom.
SHORT Saturday: VLQ7
Sydney, 4:55-News and COM
ment; DID DID Berlin, $50 -
Potpourri: Csc esd London,
7:15-American Eagle Club;
TGWA Guatemala, 10: l5-Police
Band. Sunday; DID DID Berlin,
6:30-Organ: Csc esd London,
1880 - Sunda. Service; RV96
Moscow. $3.50 - News; TGWA
Guatemala, 11:00-Operatic MI
sic.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1941-10-31
THEY SAY

New York-Major Clement r.
Attlee, British lord prity seal.
urges that the nations now hghting
Hitler remain united after the war.
Those whose joint efforts viii
in due course surely overthrow Hit
ler.sm must coliaOorate no less
closely when that object has been
achieved
Washington-Senator Robert ".
LaFollette points out that defeat
ing Hitler will not solve the prob
lens that created him.
Modern total war has become
such a destructive force that II is
not an fundamentally with when
any nation or group Of nations can
solve grave domestic and interna-
tional economic problems.
Harrow, England-B British Prime
Minister Winston Churchill points
out that a year ago b .ain stood
alone against Hitler.
I o many countries y seemed aug
account was closed and our his
tory finished. liquidated-but our
country stood in the gap. We now
find ourselves in a position where
We can be sure Of victory If We
only perseyere."
Washington Secretary OF Navy
Frank Knox contends that labor
troubles are being magnified out OF
all proportion.
THE men working In our fac
tories are in no wise different from
those you find in the field or on
ships. They are good Americans.
All you have TO do is convince them
that these are dangerous times and
you can count on them"
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1941-10-31
One-Mlnute Test Answers

1. The perfect landing. II Is 90
called because the three points.
two wheels and tail skid. strike
the ground simultaneously.
2. Tobacco Road"
3. Invisible light
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1941-10-31
Words of Xlsdnm

The most unhappy Of all men
Is he who believes himself to be
so.-Hume.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1941-10-31
Half-Forgotten Days
Twenty Years Ago

Twenty Years Ago
Birth daughter to Mr. and Mrs William
home Sheridan
Five Jersey and two calves belonging Fred Swift
Killed when the east bound limited D. L. r. crashed
the The animals had broken loose from their pasture The
car was derailed, but injured
l. Fox OF the Fox Textile Company. has purchased
Boyee house the north OF his factory Michigan Ave
DR. Henry Suzzao president University Washington
was the guest speaker for the Rotary Club
Fifty Years Ago
Al the meeting Of the Council they declined
franchise for the Motor Line through Washington St.
the original condition running
car the depot The petition through Pearl
granted
The Council accepted the plat Of Normal Park addition and
Tor determining benefits 70 by the opening Of Cross
Ellis and Emme appointed follows: A Answorth
A II Goldsmith and s. j. Hutchinson.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1941-10-31

New York Is the leading seaport
in North America Montreal claims
second place, although It is 1000
miles from the Atlantic.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1941-10-31
Hints on Etlauette

co To IN. md OF the line when
you want TO buy a ticket o. any
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1941-10-31

S. Clay Williams, above, board
chairman of the r. J. Reynolds
Tobacco Co. together with other
officials of the company and Of
ficials of the American Tobacco
Co.. and the Liggett and Myers
Tobacco Co., was convicted in a
Lexington. Ky. federal court on
four UNITS % violation OF the
Sherman antitrust law. The gov
eminent 2rred the major to-
bacco Companies including five
firms no. involved in the trial. had
conspircd 10 fix tobacco product
prices.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1941-10-31

Germany Willingly
Admits Atrocities,
Offers no Excuses
BY Charles p. Stewart

GERMANS denied having COM
mitted the atrocities that they
were accused Of during the last
war. To be sure, they had to admit
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1941-10-31

Dr.. Clendening will answer
questions Of general interest
only, and then only through
his column.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1941-10-31
Your Health
Under Nutrition of
Civilian Population
Direct War Result
~ LoEan clendennIng. ". D.

The penalties of war are felt
FAR behind the lines. They impress
themselves upon the civilian popu-
iation even of the acknowledgement
and on future generations.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-09-29
Our Leo Picks y ankS
To Win Inn Six Games

Charley Ruffing. because Of his
experience. viii get the call.
Though age may have taken some
of the edge off his greatness. Ruff
fling is still cagey After Ruffing
the Yankees have Spud Chandler.
Ernie Bonham Lefty Gomez and
Marius Russo for starting pitchers
and the capable Johnny Murphy
for relief
With the Dodger power concen-
trated among left handed hitters
t-1rtrrT ttSSt1Syu- ttrrrC tt1TrttTTrrrtt yU1rrE
Yankee Southpaw. might be hero
in the series.
Leo Durocher is expected TO
start with Wyatt. his ace. a right
handler Then there's Higbe and
Curt Davis. They are Brooklyn
admirers who believe Davis will
be the hero among Dodger hurlers.
Davis shut out the Yankees in a
Spring exhibition game
The bettors are making the
Yankees the choice AT odds of
2 TO /.
Il cOnceIe the Tanks moth
ing" the scrappy DurOcher says.
I'VE won't roll over and die and
we've pretty good bali club. +"
"Mell do the hest ANe can.
the genial but tight-lpped Nc
Carthy said
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-09-29
RECORD LAST YEAR

II II were not for the limited
capacity at Ebbetts Field the series
would break all records for money
and attendance. But, they cannot
get more than $4,000 persons in
EbbcttS Field.
Last years World Series set an
all-time record at the gate. The
fans paid 1892. 1891 TO watch
the Tigers and Reds play seven
games. The biggest players pool.
however was set in the first four
games of the 1926 Yankee.Giant
clash. when $3.50. 66 was dis
tributed among the participants.
The biggest winning share ever
awarded was won by the Tigers of
1888 Each full-Share check was
S6.5ii76 From 1903 through 1910
the World Series gates have en-
riched baseball 10 the extent of
nearly S2i000000.