davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1941-06-01
Oil and the Nuzis

DR.. Robert E. Wilson, head con-
sultant on petroleum in the Office OF
Production Management, in an ad-
dress last week at Chicago before the
American Institute of Chemical En-
gineers, pointed out that there are
three ways in which her comparative
deficiency in oil will work against
Germany "for the long pull" Though
events have not borne out earlier
predictions that shortage of oil
would stall the Nazi war machine,
his analysis nevertheless provides
some measure of hope that Great
Britain and her allies may be able to
capitalize eventually on Germany's
lack of petroleum. and the vulner-
ability of her refineries and trans
portation facilities to air attack.
Due in part to lack of oil, Italy here
after will be more of liability than
an asset to Hitler, DR.. Wilson de-
clared. For the Nazis necessarily
must divert part of their supplies to
meet the needs of Italy. Because OF
the shortage of oil supplies, Germany
must devote increasing attention to
the development of substitute fuels,
and this development will interfere
with both industrial and agricultural
production, and military operations.
If Great Britain later can achieve
SUFFICIENT air superiority to permit
long-range and heavy daylight at
tacks on German synthetic plants
and transportation lines, she will be
striking at a truly vital element in
the Nazi war structure. These are
the three ways in which the oil situa-
ton is working against Germany, ac-
cording to DR.. Wilson.
Though capture or control of 1raq
would make it more difficult for the
British to continue military opera
tions in the Near East, oil from the
Mosul fields could not reach the Axis
in any substantial quantities unless
they gained effective control of the
Mediterranean Sea, he asserted.
Land transportation would be diff
cult, if not impossible, as evidenced
by the bottleneckS which have de-
veloped in the movement of oil from
the nearer fields of Rumania and
Russia. In Germany, as in Russia,
there has been a shortage of tank
cars.
In the light of DR.. wilson's ap-
praisal, air power seems to hold the
key to the situation. Superiority IN
the air has been a major element in
Hitlers victories on the continent OF
Europe. BY the same token, inabil-
ity to match, in numbers, the en-
emy's skyfighters, explains in large
part. the reverses suffered by the
British and imperial armies. If Brit
ain is to achieve sufficient air su-
periority to enable her to destroy
German synthetic plants, and smash
transportation facilities, and thus
cause an oil famine that will defeat
the Nazis, she can only win this su-
periority through American aid, II
volume far exceeding that which sht
Evening star., 1941-06-01
Overturn in lruq

Imminent disaster in Crete IS
partially Offset by current events in
Irao. During the last few days
the tide of battle in that sector OF
the Near East turned definitely IN
Britain's favor. A series of military
successes has brought British i'm
perial forces to the very gates OF
Baghdad, the Iraqi capital, and
beneath these hammer blows the
government of Rashid Ali Al Gallant
has collapsed. 1t is reported from
London that the Iraqi Army has
asked for an armiStice.
Rashid himself and his principal
supporters are in flight British
reports say that he has fled eastward
into neighboring Iran. Another re-
port, of German origin, claims that
he has gone northward to the oil
center of Mosul, where small German
forces flown in by air are trying to
build up a new center OF resistance.
But the indications are that these
German auxiliaries are too few to
influence the immediate decision.
The struggle for Crete seemingly
has absorbed German air strength
so completely that practically no
reinforcements could be spared for
the distant Iraqi theater of opera
tionS.
In the wake of the advancing
British forces is the Emir Abdul
Illah, uncle of the boy King Feisal
The Emir governed Iraq as regent
in his nephew's name until he was
obliged to flee the country a few
months ago when Rashid Ali seized
power by a military coup. Then
began the tie-up with Germany
which led to the landing of British
troops at Basra, the port of Iraq
near the Persian Gulf, in order to
safeguard British interests. It/was
Rashid's objection to this British
intervention which precipitated the
fighting between him and the Brit
ish imperial forces, begun just a
month ago.
Abdul Illah always has been
stanchly pro-British, so it is prob
able that the entry of British troops
into Baghdad will be followed by the
regents reinstatement at the head
of a new government with British
backing. The situation is compli-
Gated by the fact that Rashid is said
Evening star., 1941-06-01
Petroleum Co-ordinutor

Petroleum Co-ordinotor
Though the United States has vast
petroleum resources, and splendidly
equipped industry, Federal action is
plainly needed, in the present emer-
gency, to assure that an adequate
supply of petroleum and its products
be available at all times to meet
military and essential civilian re-
quirements. In designating Secre-
tary IckeS as petroleum co-ordinator
for national defense, President
Roosevelt has recognized this need.
Mr.. IckeS has been vested with broad
powers to secure the development
and utilization, with the maximum
efficiency, of our petroleum resources
and production facilities, and in
carrying out his new duties he pre-
sumably will have the authority, if
necessary, to place restrictions on the
use of petroleum products by civil
ians.
According to estimates Of Govern
ment experts, the domestic demand
for petroleum this year will run
about ten per cent above 1910 con-
sumption. Part Of this increase is
due to the expanding demands of
the armed services. So far as prac-
ticable, the Army is replacing ami
mal-drawn transportation with mo-
torized equipment. BY the end OF
the summer, or early in the fall, the
Army will have 2S6,O00 motor We
hicles, as compared with $4,000 early
in 1910. Many new ships are being
added to the Navy and thousands of
airplanes to our air fleets. The re-
armament program has thus greatly
increased the military demand for
petroleum and its products, and this
demand will progressively increase.
Transportation is the principal
"bottleneck" that will face Secretary
Ickes as petroleum co-ordinator.
Ample stores of petroleum are on
hand in the United States, but under
present conditions it may not be easy
to make these available quickly at
the points where they are needed.
About 95 per cent of the petroleum
consumed by States along the At
lantic Seaboard is delivered to this
area by tankers. The movement
from the Gulf Coast alone amounts
to 1,250O00 barrels day and requires
the services of about $50 domestic
tankers. Since one-ffth of the
available tanker fleet has been di-
verted to the British supply service,
transportation already presents
difficult problem. Construction of
pipe lines to the East is under con-
sideration, but this would require
time and would not Immediately
provide solution for the tranSporta-
ton problem.
If petroleum products cannot be
moved into the East Coast region
in sufficient volume to meet military
and civilian demands, a curtailment
of non-defense consumption will be
necessary to assure uninterrupted
production of war materials. In
meeting the threat of Axis aggres-
sion, the American people will be
called upon both for sacrifices and
readjustments in their daily lives.
Mr.. Ickes has already limited at the
possibility of "gasless" Sundays.
Restrictions on the consumption of
other commodities may also be
needed to secure the full mobilization
of the Nations war potential.
Evening star., 1941-06-01
RecuIcitrunt Labor

The Defense Mediation Board,
following President Roosevelts in
sistence upon full cooperation from
both labor and employers in the
rearmament program, appears to be
taking a firm stand against the re-
calcitrant attitude of striking c. I. o.
lumber workers in the Pacific North
west.
The lumber workers, some 10000 of
them, struck on May to enforce
demands for 712-cent hourly wage
increase over the present scale OF
6712 cents for common labor, a weeks
paid vacation, a union shop, certain
union hiring provisions and no piece
work. On May % the Mediation
Board suggested a settlement plan
providing for wage increases. vaca-
tions and an impartial study OF con-
ditions in the industry, with any
subsequent wage adjustments to be
made retroactive to the date OF the
return to work.
This proposal was accepted by the
employers, but representatives OF the
strikers rejected it.
After the Presidents speech had
been delivered, Clarence A. Dykstra,
chairman of the board, wired the
representatives of the strikers to
reconsider their decision in the light
of the full national emergency that
had been declared and requested
that the boards back-to-work plan,
together with his plea for resump-
ton of swork, be brought to the
attention of the individual union
members. 1t appears that the union
leaders did not comply with this
request, but merely restated their
unwillingneSs to accept the plan and
insisted that full responsibility for
the strike rested on the employers.
AS a result, Mr. Dykstra has renewed
his request and has demanded an'
immediate answer as to whether 1t
will be met. And, following this, Mr..
Dykstra and Philip Murray, president
of the C. l. O., joined in calling strike
leaders here for a conference Tues
day. during which the board pre-
sumably will insist that its demands
be complied with.
This action might well be described
as a preliminary ultimatum. The
Mediation Board has refused to state
what further action it contenlplates
if the union leaders persist in their
refusal to submit the back-to-work
plan and the boards plea to the
membership, but the taking of such
an arbitrary stand undoubtedly
would call for vigorous action by the
board and the administration.
The real problem would arise, how
ever. if the request should be COM
piled with and if the strikers should
then reject the settlement plan,
which has been unanimously recon-
mended by the board panel consid-
erlng the case, lncludlng IWo " l. w.
officials.
This would leave the board in a
position similar to that in which
Secretary of the Navy Knox and
Defense Commissioner Knudsen
found themselves when they were
rebuffed in their demand for a re-
sumption of work during the Vultee
strike. In the Vultee matter the
President gave no public support to
the position taken by Secretary Knox
and Mr. Knudsen, but he cannot fail
to support the Mediation Board at
this time without risking the COL
lapse of his wholly proper effort to
secure uninterrupted defense pro-
duction.
Evening star., 1941-06-01

has so far received. It is increasingly
evident that a maximum mobilization
of our aircraft manufacturing po-
tential will be necessary to give the
Royal Air Force that mastery over
the Nazi Luftwaffe which must pre-
cede final British victory.
Evening star., 1941-06-01

One Washingtonian claims that he
was bearing the recent boiling spell
with notable success until he en-
countered a snappy station wagon
on top of which were strapped
toboggan and three pairs of skis.
Evening star., 1941-06-01

The Associated Press is exclusively entitled TO
the use for republication Of all news dispatches
credited to II or not otherwise credited IN this
paper and also the local news published herein.
All rights of publication of special dlspa tches
herein also are reserved.
Evening star., 1941-06-01
Member of the Associated Press.

Entered as second-class matter post of1ce.
Washington. D. c.
Evening star., 1941-06-01
Rate by Mail-Payable in Advance.

Daily and Sunday yr.. ST.. 90: p! mo-. 81 90
Daily only ------l yr, SIS 90; mo. 75c
sunday only--l yr.. $500: mo, SOC
Evening star., 1941-06-01
Fifty Years Ago
In The Star

Decoration Day so years ago, even as
now. was a big event throughout the
Milford chronicle., 1941-01-31
Boy Scout Anniversary

The Boy Scouts Of America were
originally chartered under the laws
of the District of Columbia ON Feb
ruary 8, 1910. In the 81 years since
that time they have grown and
grown. until they have member
ship of something over 100000.
What has been the secret of this
marvellous growth? It is fairly easy
to organize boys into clubs, but
difficult to keep them organized. The
poet has said that "a boys will is
the winds will" Boys will often
go in for some idea very strong for
a time. If things are required of
them that make them tired. they
have a way Of quitting with equal
speed. The Boy Scout idea has OBJ
tanned such a powerful hold that
the movement is a permanent insti-
tuition in American life.
Boys take pride in their ability
to do things. When they see that as
Scouts they have attained greater
skill in directions which they like
and can see and appreciate, they
feel loyalty to the organization that
has taught them these things.
When they see they have learned
to swim, to row boat. to tie knots,
that they have acquired ability in
judging distance, size, numbers, ETC.,
and many more things, the boy feels
he has made progress in the world
of achievement. He is then in a mood |
to listen when his Scout leaders tell
him things he ought to know about
patriotism, citizenship, conduct,
morals, religion, and education. He
will listen attentively to this in
struction, when he might fall asleep
or pay no heed if his parents told
him the same things.
The people who founded and who
now direct the Boy Scouts have
shown a keen knowledge of boy ma
ture. They win the affection of the
boys by giving them chance to do
the things they like When you win
a boys affection, you can go almost
any length with him, in giving him
good ideas about life, duty, and
work.
Milford chronicle., 1941-01-31
Heroes Of The Air

Our people read day by day Of the
magnificent exploits of the aviators
in the European war. ii seems amaz-
ing how they can take the chances
they do, when they know that many
Of them will crumple up under the
machine gun fire of the enemy, and
fall to the earth in sudden death:
They go aloft every day into that
hell of sky warfare, knowing it
might be their last fight. 81
Youth has a wonderful power Of,
ignoring danger It gets many young.
people into trouble in daily life. but
it is magnificent force when the
nation faces danger from its foes.
The youth Of America would be fully
equal to this test if it came to them,
and countless numbers of them
would dare death with smile.
Milford chronicle., 1941-01-31
Trenches of The Sky

The American people watch with
eager questions the development of
airplane production. The industry is
struggling and striving to meet the
demand of the nation for more and
more of these sky ships, and our
people were glad to hear that 799
military planes were turned out in
December. 80 more than the predic-
tions called for.
Every plane added to the produc-
ton above the estimates makes it
still harder for the dictators to ac-
complish their aims of bossing the
world. In the World War the tren-
ches were the main thing. The SOL
der behind the wall of earth or
concrete at least knew he had some
thing solid protecting him from the
foe.
Today's trenches are In the sky,
and they move hundreds of miles
an hour, and we need many thou
sands more Of them.
Milford chronicle., 1941-01-31
Ancient Precedent Broken


The Inauguration Of President
Roosevelt for a third term breaks a
precedent that has existed since our
government was founded 15O years
ago. 1t win not be the only estab-
lished custom that viii be set aside
as the result of the present world
crisis,
1t is doubtful If President Roose-
welt would have cared to. take on
the heavy burdens of his office
again, If the world had not been
going through such terrible up
heayal. In time when the old foun-
dations are shaken as by an earth
quake, many unexpected things hap
pen. People will be called on to
adjust themselves to many new sit
uations.
President Roosevelt appeals to the
American people to unite in support
of freedom and democracy. They
have differing opinions as to how
those principles should be applied,
but they will rally to support the
to which they owe an
debt
Milford chronicle., 1941-01-31
Milford. Friday, January 81. 1s4l
Democracy Cannot Die

The main theme of President
Rooseyelt's inaugural address was
that democracy cannot die, because
1t is the free expression of the de-
sire of the people.
1t may be objected that in some
countries democracy is not really
alive, because there is no such de-
sire for freedom. In Germany, for
instance, there does not seem to be
that strong wish for self-government.
The people seem to take naturally to
the idea that they are going to be
led and bossed and directed and or
dered around They seem to like
the idea of handing over the control
of their lives to some strong cen
trail power or one man dictatorship,
on the theory that the men who run
the government are better able to
tell the country what it should do.
That point of view does not seem
general among the nations. All over
the world outside few dictator rul-
cd countries. people are questioning
the acts of their rulers, and demand
ing the chance to exercise control
over these rulers.
The strength of the democratic
nations lies in the fact that people
do things more willingly if they do
them freely II you have two boys in
school, and one merely gets his
lessons because he is told to, and
make to study them, while the other
gets them because he wants to learn,
there is no question which will 80
ahead faster.
So the country where people work
and struggle and fight because they
love their country and want to do
these things. will accomplish more
than one where they do these things
because ordered to do them. Just
now the dictator countries are a lit
tie ahead in the great game of war.
because they had six years to get
ready for war. while the democratic
nations were asleep. Now that the
democratic countries are awake.
look for things to happen that will
reveal the undying power of free
dom and liberty.
Milford chronicle., 1941-01-31
Attacks From The Air

Four days of military aviation
maneuvers over New England have
just indicated that many cities and
towns along that coast would be
open to attack by air Thousands of
volunteer observers helped watch
for the planes that took the part of
enemy bombers. The military OBJ
servers declared that these aircraft
could have rained explosives and
incendiaries on certain cities aud
towns.
1t can be guessed that similar
conditions prevail in many places
along the Atlantic and Pacific
coasts. Which shows the necessity
of a very strong navy, so powerful
that enemy aircraft could be spot
ted and attacked long before they
were ready to rain their missiles OF
death and fire over our peaceful
homes and workshops.
The American people have read
with horror of the misery that has
descended upon the people of Lon
don and many British cities, as the
missiles of mans hate come down
with their plague of destruction.
They cannot tolerate the thought
that such things could happen to
our peaceful land.
Milford chronicle., 1941-01-31
Never Saw Rural Scene

Social workers speak of many
children in big cities who have never
been out in the open country to see
what the real rural picture looks
like. Sympathy is felt for the kid
who has spent his whole, life amid
brick walls and concrete pavements,
and who never saw wide stretches Of
forest and meadow and open field.
Somebody should give that kid a
chance to go to some camp next
summer, and revel in the joys Of
swimming and hiking and sports on
the green grass. He would roll in.
the dirt with ecstasy and go back to
the city with new hope in his
heart Children were meant to have
the wide open spaces for their play
grounds.
Milford chronicle., 1941-01-31
First Third Term President

When Franklin ID. Roosevelt was
inaugurated President again on
January 20, il marked notable
change in the customs of American
political life. When our government
was established, fear was felt lest
the country should come under the
rule of king. The people had es-
capped from the rule of hatred mon
arch, and they wanted no more such
rulers. They feared that if some
president was elected over and over
again, he might become so powerful
that gradually he would take over
hngly authority. Such things had
happened elsewhere.
No prohibition of such a third
term was placed in the constitution,
but this fear has heretofore pre-
vented any president from obtaining
such an extension of his power. The
American people appear now to
think this danger is past, and that
they are entitled to keep a man in
office as long as they want to, also
that when the time has come for
him to retire, they will be able to
tell him to do so.
Milford chronicle., 1941-01-31
Growth of Tolerance

Practically all the American peo-
pie claim to hold liberal beliefs
One of the essential characteristics
Of the liberal point of view is a toll
Grant spirit. a respect for people
who hold opinions different from
ones own views.
In some respects the American
people have fairly well adopted this
liberal point of view, and in some
respects they are still iIliberal and
intolerant. Our people condemn the
harsh prejudices of Europe. The
persecution of the German Jews. for
instance, fills them with adherence.
In our country religious intolerance
has disappeared to large extent.
People are no longer prosecuted be-
cause of their religious views
Churches may require their minis
ters and leaders to subscribe to GER
tain doctrines, but the right of
person to hold his own religious
views is fully accepted. That is
great gain over the bigotry of past
ages.
In racial tolerance our country
has made marked progress. The
people of the various race origins
get along rather well together.
There are examples of intolerance,
but in the main people of differing
race strains live harmoniously.
Political life is not as bitter as it
was in a former generation, but
political intolerance is often mani
tested, particularly in election cam
paigns. People often denounce their
opponents. and charge that these
adversaries are supporting selfish,
greedy, grasping policies, or that
their opponents are stupid and fool
ish. After election people calm
down, and the bitterness mostly dis
appears.
When. some principle is held by
great body of people for many years,
there is usually some basis for It.
Instead OF denouncing so sharply
those who hold that idea, it would
be better to look into it and see if
that belief does not get its hold
because of defects in our systems of
life and government that need cor
rection.
Milford chronicle., 1941-01-31
The Groundhog walks

The old sign about the grounding,
who is supposed to come out Of his
hold February 2 to see if spring has
come, is commonly regarded as a
remnant OF old fashioned suDersti-
tuition. Yet millions Of people prob
ably believe that old saw, and think
the little woodchuck has some mys-
tical lore and knows a thing or two
about the weather.
One would have more faith in the
grounding, if he did not come out
of his hole SO early. In most parts of
the United States, February is still
in the dead of winter. II the ground
hog wishes us to take him seriously,
be should change the date of his an
nual appearance. March 2 would be
a time. when he could get more real
information about the prospects for
spring.
Milford chronicle., 1941-01-31
Easy Going Industry

The newspaper funny man has one
about the man who offered sug-
gestion to the factory boss, of how
to fix it so no one would be late
at the shop. His idea was that the
last man in should blow the whistle.
Some small industries and Dusi-
ness places may still be able to run
in that easy going and good natured
way, where people get to work when
it is convenient to them. If industry
is to be really efficient, it needs to
run like a clock, with everybody
there during regular working hours.
Those who are late make the system
go more or less haywire. A group of
workers are like regiment of soil
diers, and if they don't drill in line.
the whole performance is ragged.