davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Detroit evening times., 1941-12-31
Indian War Council
Sends ; 10 u. 5. NaW

A war council of the Ottawa
tribe near Petoskey. Mich. today
resulted in the addition of three
full-blooded Indians 10 the United
States navy.
John Theodore and Ralph Bart
lett, II. and Calvin Peters, l9. told
recruiting officers here that a
Streamlined version of the old In
dian conclaves decided the best
stem
Detroit evening times., 1941-12-31
New Name?
U. S. May Start Calling
Them War Bonds

ASHIN NGTON. Dec. 81
GNS).- President Roosev cit
disclosed today that the treasury
Is considering changing the name
Of defense bonds" 10 war
bonds.
Secretary Morgenthau. he
said. recently brought up the
subject and suggested that the
bonds be labeled war" rather
than defense. The President
said he thought the change
would be made in time. but
noted that the public had gotten
itself accustomed 10 the de
fenSe" bond label.
Detroit evening times., 1941-12-31
Hamfrdm(k Church
Sets Special Program

The First Institutional Baptist
Church Mitchell near Caniff.
iIamuamck VIII be the scene Of
au Emancipation Day celebration
tomorrow an II a. mn.
Members of the committee Spon-
,ornC the program include the
Rcv b II Wright pastor Of the
First institutional Church. the
Rev. G VI Metcalf, pastor Of the
ST. Peters AME Zion Church.
and Leroy G White.
HamiramCk editor
Detroit evening times., 1941-12-31
Z More Accused
As Ndzi Spies

NEW YORK. Dec. 81 INS)
Twelve men and women were ac-
cuScd a> NazI spies today m a
new Indictment returned by New
York federal grand Jury
Heading the list OF spy suspects
was 56-ycar-old Paul T BOrChardt
ex-Geiman major who came 70
the United States as a German
spy two years ago according 10
the .FBI and has been held al
Ellis Island since the alien roundup
Decemhcr $
Detroit evening times., 1941-12-31
Defense Appeal
Ends Wd|kout of
Ford Workers


Weh'N-it't. i4fifitlI''fi N-''t f''' 'ii
the ROuEf plant of the Fond Motor
Cor,,..r, ,.,r, lscL "a, ,t.,r inh-
''''' 'i 80 ''-.
Army ended what "a- ae>ciipfd
as misunderstanding over
abolisbrer, of f,r-r.,rgrc rest
.-...5 ,. .i.. 4... ..,...
~. .'t'> y -. --' 2. -
MAJ ''co' Ie B. >IIph~ ".ipia'''
officer for the Central
AR CorD1 Procurement district
Detroit evening times., 1941-12-31
END OF TRAGIC YEAR

The DYING year had seen l3O.-
600. 900 Americans catapulred INTO
tho most awful war of all time
and the PrcSident spent the day
with his aides working furIouSly
on a military program that VIII
sec the nation : pr o O u e Il y g
capacity reach undreamed OF
proportions.
Facing the year 1872 Mr. Roo>e-
Welt reminded the United states
that they-werc once more engaged
IN world war and that they
must expect 10 face immediate
and considerable sacrifices
New Year Day ne set aside as
"A day Of national prayer prayer
Detroit evening times., 1941-12-31

In many other churches. watch
hour programs were being changed
10 include prayer services and
special devonOnS befitung current
world conditions.
Thousands of DetroitS youth
VIII be celebrating their first New
Year holiday IN the uniforms OF
Uncle Sans armed forces.
Detroit evening times., 1941-12-31
Woman Dies in Bathtub

Death of Mrs Rosa f. Gault
Sc. of $500 Dane avenue, whose
body was found in the bathtub in
her home by her brother, Louis a.
De Grattery. was blamed on ma
tuTal causes today
Detroit evening times., 1941-12-31
THREE HOURS

Al,uo EoN brilliant -Hlafei
and conductor iod Jus hane q. d
men through three hogr- ot danc-
ug and entertainment lil- ~eiN-
ices those of h~ band and enter
iancr> were donated
Darlngp %! lne cAeulnE Werc
The four famous King Sisters
Louise. Alycc Donna and Iy0nne
stars Of radio. screen. stage and
records The GOOJ dancers bc-
came "a Wotloule>, audience when
these four CrHmcr- turned ' or
with some oi tntI bruer-nno"r
ls\pTtft~
Detroit evening times., 1941-12-31

For the Inside NcNs" ot
Washington, Follow Paul Nal
Ions Column i'm the Times.
Detroit evening times., 1941-12-31

that errors Of the past be forgiven
and strength and wisdom be- gwen
the nation in lt> finish iight with
Germany Japan and Italy
Detroit evening times., 1941-12-31
FIX STAGGERING TOTAL

Out of tho resumed Roosevelt
Churchill deliberations VIII come
the decision that finally viii fix
the staggering total OF the war
budget
Mr. Roosevelt viii appear in
person before Congress next week.
probably January or :. 10 make
a further report on the state OF
the nation AT war
Detroit evening times., 1941-12-31
MEETS WELLES

Tho President kept ms last day
of the old year tree OF all but
three short conferences He con
ferred with UnderSecretary cf
State Sumner Wellcs for Il brief
time. and then talked 10 Under
secretary OF War Patterson and
Bernard Baruch, head of the war
industries board during the first
World War
Later he lunChed with Admiral
T.. j. KIng. new commander-in-
chief of the United States fleet
At the White House there was
little of the holiday SpIrIf mai
usually prevails on New Year $
Eve
Detroit evening times., 1941-12-31
Roosevelt, Aides
Work FuriousIy
On War Strategy
Map Biggest Budget
Of All Time, Wait
ChurchiIls Return
By GEORGE DURNO


WASHINGTON, Dec 81 Presi-
dent Roosevelt brought the tragic
year l94l TO a close today with a
series Of White House conferences
devoted TO preparation of the
greatest war budget OF all history.
While awaiting the return OF
Prime Minister Winston Churchill
from Ottawa for a resumption OF
the A-B-C-D strategy sessions, the
Chief Executive turned his atten-
tion 10 what he frankly described
as a particular headache-aSSem-
blagc Of the Stupendous appropria-
tion totals that Will be needed IN
the fiscal year 1928 10 assure a
knockout victory over Hitlerlsm.
Churchill, according 10 Cana
dian press reports, was expected
10 arrive in Washington early to-
morrow and attend church with
Mr. Roosevelt as ne did on Christ
mas Day
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-04-06

At the moment, they practically are moth
ing so far as we are concerned. so far as
they effect US or our commerce But in the
near future in 100 years, for example canals
may be affected if for their waters, they
depend upon bays or inland seas now slowly
drying. Besides they may suffer an increas-
ing slope
Obviously when Hudson's Bay dries com
pletely nautical commerce there viii cease
Fishing a large industry there now will end
No doubt some earthquakes have already
been the result Of the-tiltng process but
only to a slight degree. Forceful shocks, at
best. occur rarely from such origin.
Yet it is safe to assume that some Of The
recent shocks in the New England States have
been of this origin and the same may be said
of those felt in the Scandinavian countries.
win the ocean levels be much affected in
the centuries to come
The answer quite definitely is no.
Accompanying and apparently affected
by the fitting of the earth there is, we as
sumo. some change in climatic conditions. But
this is too slight TO be recorded
For instance the complete drying Of Hud
sons Bay would have effect on climate to
an extent only in proportion to the size Of
the bay.
The neighborhood of the hay would undergo
a climatic change We should anticipate a
wider spread between Winter and Summer
maximum temperatures
This is because the water Of the bay now
absorbs much more heat during the Summer
than the dry ground, and in the Winter it
gives off more heat than the earth.
But the drying of the bay would have
no noticeable effect upon such a large terri
tory as the United States
There is no doubt but that the climate
during the Ice Age was considerably diff
ferent from that of today, but the causes for
the change since that period are not COM
pletely understood yet.
Study shows that the last Of the glacial
eras embraced in the Ice Age ended about
10000 years ago after covering with relatively
brief intervals, $4,000 years.
The preceding era ended about 100000
years ago and there were many before that
with total of about 100000 years between
each Of them.
So--yGe- may only guess what may happen.
Perhaps-tens of thousands Of years hence
we will enter another Ice Age and then
Hudsons Bay nov destined 10 dry sip. VIII
be depressed again by the ice load and after
the Ice Age fiji again with water.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-04-06

have concluded that the depth of the bay is de-
creasing there al the rate Of one-half inch
per year
What is causing this phenomenon
Paradoxcally II is the melting Of the ice
after the Ice Age in the region Of the bay.
II TTfST uI1uEnt II Would seem would .
not that this Zee turning - water would
have flowed into the bay thus adding TO the
volume IF water already there
Tins water which once was ice has IN
creased the Jewel of not only the bay but an
oceans
B4t in spite Of TINS The bay after many
centuries 90 come viii Doe bed Of dry rock
and sand because Of the phenomenal earth
movement that already has covered "a wide
span Of decades wide span Of centuries.
Il vii become dry because the melting Of
the Ice is nfung Tremendous pressure from
the earth causing an upward Ell IN this re
gion. And g this fitting thai slowly very
slowly draining the bay and changing shore
lines
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-04-06

calculated at 625. 900 pounds
Because of this huge mass of thickly
packed ice Hudson's Bay is feeling now as
it has felt for thousands of years greater
effect from the release of that pressure than
any other section of North America
The center Of The Ice cap was somewhere
m the region Of Hudson's Bay and its thick
ness decreased from there in all directions.
The glaeated area was bounded on the east
and west by the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans
and extended to Approximately the Canadian
United States border on the southwest and
beyond the Great Lakes on the southeast)
In our investigation of land fitting in
Canada and the United states we have
analysed records of many tide gauge stations
ON both sides Of the Canadian United States
border. In The Hudson's Bay area the read
ngs obtained from the station at Churchill
Harhor show that in this particular region
The earth has risen at "a rate of bcteeen five
and ten feet in tho last ten years.
AS a consequence of this melting and pos
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-04-06

lee to a Depth of 10000 Feet Covered Canada
During the Ice Age. As the lee MeIts This
Weight Gradually Decreases. The Land North
of the Imaginary Hinge Line" Which Sepa-
rates weighted from the Unweighted
Area. Lifted While That to the South Sank In
Much the Same Manner as the Surface of the
Glass Of Gelatine Pictured at the Top
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-04-06

sby because of other phenOmeHa, the water
of all oceans is increasing their levels rising
at the rate Of four to five inches every 100
years.
The relatively small increase in the oceans
level is better understood when 1t is recalled
that the area Of oceans and inland seas con-
nected with them such as Hudsons Bay is
y per cent Of the earths total surface and
only a relatively small proportion of the earth
was covered by ice during the Ice Age.
Results of our study show that in the
Great Lakes region the earths uplft in
creases in northerly direction from nothing
in the southern part to two feet per 100 years
i'm the northern section of the region.
This upift continues with decreasing
amount south along the Atlantic seaboard to
The region Of Boston. From Boston to the
vicinity of Milwaukee and beyond there to
the west coast there is a line without mo-
ton which we call the hinge line
The action. it is apparent slides into re-
verse at the hinge line. with the result that
south of the line we find sinking of land.
In checking various data then, we have
found two results of the melting of the great
ice caps. an uplift of earth in some areas and
a sinking of the earth in other regions.
Why is it that in the course of only
few hundred miles we find these two opposite
This is because the rising Of the land in
the northern part Of North America pulls be
hindit material from a greater depth and this
in turn will produce a sub-crustal current ga
slow plastic flow to replace that material.
II is this latter action that brings about the
sinking of the land to the south
This action can most simply be illustrated
by glass of gelatine, topped with ice-cream
on one side.
The ice-cream exerts a certain pressure
upon and depresses the gelatine
Now if all the iee-cream is eaten the
gelatine beneath ii Will rise because the pres
sure has BEEN removed from it. And as it
rises it makes space at the bottom of the
glass into which the gelatine on the other
side of the container will sink
The hinge line in the glass Of gelatine
would be that imaginary line severing the
golatine covered by the ice-cream from the
gelatine that was not topped by the ice-cream.
These strange forces at work extend well
into the earth and theoretical Investigations
indicate that even at depth of 500 miles
the movements are still of a noticeable frac-
ton Of the movements at the earths surface
It is of interest, as we review the data
to find that the changes in level for the west
coast Of Europe are very similar to those
found for the east coast Of North America.
As matter of fact, both are caused by
forces still tending to restore equilibrium
which has been disturbed by the melting Of
ice after the Ice Age
In these regions the earths crust has be-
come lighter through the melting of ice: in
others heavier through the added water.
Grhere is a deficiency Of material now in the
Hudsons Bay and Scandinavian areas
Nov what are the results Of these rising
and sinkings Of land?
by American Weekly, Inc, Great Britain Rights Reese
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-04-06

Instead Of Deepening as IFS
Ice Mountains Melt. Lessening
Of Their Weight Causes Earth
Lifts" That Are Steadily Re-
ducing the Waters Depth. Dr..
Gutenberg. GeophYsicis+ Ex-
plains - But 1t Wont Disop-
pear for 10000 Years
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-04-06
BY DIR. BENO GUTENBERG.
Professor of Geophysics,
California Institute of Technology.

@~ HE DAY viii arrive when Hudsons Bay
that vast and romantic stretch of water
IN northeastern Canada viii be dry
But don't give up any fishing expedition
plans you may have for fear of it.
The drying up" process already under
way for countless centuries moves extremely
slowly and it viii be a long time before the
job is completed
Nature, in comparison with the short and
fastlffe Of man. is slow in her work and we
estimate that from O0OO to 10000 years will
have elapsed before eanada's largest body of
water disappears
This Henethe1ess is astonishing when we
consider the enormity of Hudson's Bay
That body Of water less correctly called
Hudson Bay is an inland sea 500 miles wide
and extending 300 miles south to north The
bays average depth is 20 fathoms APO feetl
unusually shallow for its large size-but
deepens to 100 fathoms 500 feet at the en-
trance to Hudson Strait, it's direct link with
the Atlantic Ocean.
How do we know that the bay is slowly
disappearing? Visible proof already has been
found For instance driftwood has been
found as high as almost 100 feet above the
bay which is practically
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-04-06

Collapsed and WrinkIed Skin
Bladder Used by Early Hudson's
Bay Indians 10 Buoy Their Fish
Nets. The Curious l-Fingered
"Hand" Was Probably the Owners
Personal Marker or a Magic
Talisman.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-04-06

This is no small job. this
fitting when consideration
is given the fact that this
region once was covered by
a vast mass of ice measur-
ing 10000 feet in thickness
and exerting a pressure per
-sa44are-aaet over the bay
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-04-06

The discovery. Of old
fish traps, the ages Of
which have not been de
termined, has been re-
corded. These. their find
ers have written. We're
picked mp at points as
high as 20 feet above the
present water line
At certain places where
we know ships passed 100
years ago, the water is so
shallow that the same
sized craft could not navi-
gate there now. In fact,
il would be only with diff
fieuIty that a canoe could
traverse these stretches
now because the water
level is so low.
II is a slow recession
From our study Of tide
gauge measurements at
Churchill Harbor. on the
west side Of the bay. we
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-04-06

Biologists investigating
this region have discov-
cred beaches as high as
the hills now surrounding
the bav.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-04-06

Above, Before the Glacial Ice
Melted, the Pressure Forced
the Surface of the Earth
Beneath II Downward
While a PrOportiOnate Area
of Unweighted Land Rose.
Below, After Melting of
the lee. and With This
Pressure Removed, the Sur
face of the Earth Tended
10 Return to Its Former
Level and Force the Bottom
of the Hudson's Bay
Upward.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-04-06

THE DAY viii arrive when Hudsons Bay
that vast and romantic stretch of water
y IN northeastern Canada. viii be dry
The McDowell times. [volume] (Keystone, W. Va.) 1904-1941, 1941-07-25
Girl Scouts At Institute

Camp Greenhill, located at
Institute, opposite the West Vir-
ginia State college on the county
road was the delight of 118 girl
scouts from June 80 to July 10.
This recreation project was
under the direction of Miss
Mary A.. Crozier and a staff
composed of Miss Muriel Fave
cite, chairman of Day Camp
committee; Mrs. Aileen Jordan.
Brownie leader; Mrs. Ruby
Brown and Miss Doris Toney,
unit for girls 10-11 years; Mrs.
Margaret Wanzer, Misses MAY
Brown and Grayce Ferguson,
unit from 1913 years; Miss
Vivian Stewart, senior unit.
The McDowell times. [volume] (Keystone, W. Va.) 1904-1941, 1941-07-25
w. Va. State Professors At
10. of Michigan Conference

During the week of July CLIP
Professors Harry w. Greene of
he department of education and
Thomas Posey of the depart
nent of economics, attended the
International conference of the
New Education Fellowship held
1T the University of Michigan,
at Ann Arbor.
The conference was the first
of its kind held in the Western
Hemisphere. Scholars from the
twenty Latin American repub-
lies, Canada and from foreign
countries outside this area were
invited to participate.
The McDowell times. [volume] (Keystone, W. Va.) 1904-1941, 1941-07-25
National Leaders Scheduled
On Business Education
Program of ATA at VIVA. State

BLCEFIELD.-Many of the
nations leaders in the field Of
business and business educa-
ton are listed on the initial pro-
gram of the business education
department of the American
Teachers Association which will
hold its sessions on the campus
of West Virginia State college
at Institute from July 20 to
August l.
Professor T. Mehaffey, chair
man of the Business Education
department of the Association,
stated that an outstanding featu-
re of the program presents
Cortez Peters, champion typist,
in one of his unique tipping
demonstrations. Not only is
Peters renown a a speed typist
but he has made special study
of typewriting which he will
discuss freely for the benefit of
the audience. 1t is both education
al and entertaining to see Mr..
Peters in action and treat
which is so rare that no one in
this area should miss.
James A. Jackson, better
known as billboard" and con-
nected with the main office of
the ESQ Marketeers. will ap-
pear in the sessions of the Bust
ness Education department as a
special consultant on "Oppor-
tunities Negroes Have in the
World of Business"
The McDowell times. [volume] (Keystone, W. Va.) 1904-1941, 1941-07-25

represented by its Governor and
a Superior Court Judge
Thus, in Washington a few
Senators and Congremen say,
in effect: LET us give these
black boys a few crumbs from
the cake of war profits. Then
maybe they'll stop belly-aching
about the bread of equal rights.
And if they squawk enough.
give them a few uniforms to
march to war-and death lin
But in Georgia, they say. 10
He'll with democracy. To Hell
with equal rights, TO He'll with
Freedom!"
What is Washington-otficial
Washington-going to do about
it? Is Georia still under the
| jurisdiction of the Federal Co
vernment? Or has it gone back
to the days of the Civil War?
A Federal drive in on against
Communists, BundistS, Fifth
lColumnists, and whoever else
seeks to overthrow our govern
ment. Then what about Cover
nor Talmadge, openly seeking to
undermine civil liberties, civi
rights and the American Way OF
Life?
To President Roosevelt we
say: What of this man-leadel
i,of his state = who out-Hitler:
Hitler in his racial bigotry ant
fanticism? What of this man
Invested with the power O
otfice-who publicity sneers a
and belittles Is miion American
NefiroeS - one-tenth of tn
the population of these United
! States?
l The Negro citizens of George
deserve protection from such
man. The Negro citizens O
the UNITED States deman
Federal action against such
man continuing in the highes
office of his state.
If this ar for Democracy
on the level, then first wipe on
the little Hitlers of America VIII
flight against REAL freedom
and equality.
When does Democracy start
The McDowell times. [volume] (Keystone, W. Va.) 1904-1941, 1941-07-25
WALTER WHITE SCORES
TALMADGE AS COWARD"

CharacteriZing Governor Eu-
gene Talmadge's act in ousting
four liberal, white Georgia edu-
Gators from their posts as IAN
act of a coward" Walter White,
NAACP secretary and native of
Atlanta. Georgia, has written
a letter of protest to the editor
Of the Atlanta Constitution.
"Disfranchisement keeps Geor
gia Negroes and many whites
from helping to select those who
represent the state" wrote Mr..
White. Thus Governor Talmad.
ge's act in hitting those who
cannot as yet hit back is an act
of a coward"
The NAACP secretary cited
the feverish attempts of the US.
to build good will in Latin A
merlca, and declared that MANY
Latin Americans would not be
classified in Georgia as white
people. "One does not need much
imagination to appreciate the
Skepticism in the minds of Latin
americans regarding American
talk about democracy when thew
read the debate in the Georgia
Board of Regents on Doctors
Cooking and Pittman," the let
ter said.
The McDowell times. [volume] (Keystone, W. Va.) 1904-1941, 1941-07-25
-It'NS
BSTC RADIO PROGRAM

Professor {. Il. Gilbert. of the
college biology department. was
guest speaker on the regular
radio educational series sponsor
ed by Blueheld State Teachers
college. The program was heard
over station Wits Monday a.
As pm.
The musical portion OF the
program was rendered by Miss
Lucille B. Holt. She sang "Du
Bit Die Run. and I'm SO Glad
Troubles Don't Last Always. =
an arrangement by Clarene Cam
eron White. Mrs. W. c. Spencer
presided at the piano.
The McDowell times. [volume] (Keystone, W. Va.) 1904-1941, 1941-07-25
W. Va. State Has Thirty
Five Prospective Summer Grads

According to announcement
by President John w. Davis, of
West Virginia State college, on
July IT, thirty-five prospective
graduates are listed to receive
baccalaureate degrees at the
hummer session which include
nine candidates for degrees in
secondary education; nine in
elementary education, two in
Mechanic arts; six in business
administration; five degrees in
arts one in home economics and
three in science. DIR. Herman c..
Caady, head of the department
of psychology and philosophy,
will deliver the convocation adj
dress. T-x ~
The McDowell times. [volume] (Keystone, W. Va.) 1904-1941, 1941-07-25

ing on how much better the Govt.
can do a thing. but on account
ot low water on the IVA they
were rust about over a barrel.
II was likewise several years
ago when the Govt. was gonna
stop the dust from blowing. out
West. Nobody likes dust extra
Well so when Mr.. Tugwell said
he could fix it easy as pie, by
planting trees. everybody said
OK. But the trees all died, or
nearly so. and then, like in
Tennessee. it rained-and laid
the dust.
Most everybody has forgotten
the dust bowl and 5 out of ~
would tell YOU. if you asked them
on a quiz program, that Mr.. Tug
we'll was a 6-day bicycle rider, or
played second base for st. Paul
versus being dust-stopper,
which later he was also not.
II Mr.. George Washington
could come back today and see
some of our dallyin around, he
might blink and ponder.
10 SIERRA.