davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Southern advocate. (Mound Bayou, Miss.) 1933-19??, 1941-08-16

PROF. I. E. EDWARDS
First Supreme Vice President of the
Afro american Sons & Daughters, who
will preside over part of the 10th Grand
Session il Greenvilie, Miss, Aug. 20-22
Evening star., 1941-09-13
Russians Give War Advice
Prompt Aid Held Imperative Since Winter
Won't Stop Invaders for Another Month

Russian requirements. German
"panzer" units have proved vulner-
able from the sides and rear, but
invulnerable to frontal artillery fire.
The conclusion is that guns and
shells of increased power must be
turned out.
The presence in Washington of
Russian Military Mission No. 2
seems to have dispelled the uneasi-
ness caused by the sudden depar-
ture of its predecessor. The first
mission left some 10 days ago on
being told that the Anglo-American-
Russian conference in Moscow would
not start until the first week of Oc-
tober and that all relevant prob
lens would be discussed there in
lump. Meanwhile, day-to-day as
sistance of the kind rendered up to
now would be postponed. Today,
to make haste is the motto observed
by all the participants to the forth
coming consultation. In few days,
Averell Harrimsn will be in London
and Constantin Oumansky, Soviet
Ambassador to the United States,
will be in Moscow.
Prospects Transformed.
The resistance of the Red Army
to the Nazi onslaught has trans
formed the prospects of the conflict
and, if it can be continued, will fur
ther improve them, while a serious
defeat would bolster Germany's mo-
rale and material power.
Last Tuesday Winston Churchill
had this in mind when he pledged
quick and ample backing to the Mos
COW government and uttered words
of encouragement. Some diplomatic
authorities ever assert that the
phrase of the Prime Minister about
the American patrol in the Atlantic
THAT shas been a help, but
could wish it might be a greater
help"-had an implication of direct
concern to the Soviets.
If, in the near future, as the out
come of greater contribution from
the United States to the battle in
the Atlantic, the British Admiralty
is able to shift additional warships
to the Mediterranean, it will be in a
stronger position to check all Italian
and German attempts-now believed
imminent-at wrestling the control
of the Dardanelles and of the Black
Sea in support Of the German ar
mics on Russian soil.
Evening star., 1941-09-13

the end of October or the beginning
of November can rain and snow be
| expected to impede the invaders and
add to the difficulties of their task.
During the seven or eight weeks
which will elapSe before winter
weather sets in with all its rigor, the
supplying of the Red Army with new
material is bound to tax all the re-
sources of the Soviet Union. Hence
the necessity for prompt assistance.
2. A greater number of warplanes
are available to the Germans than
to the Russians. But Moscow claims
qualitative superiority. Because of
greater speed, Red bembers can be
sent on their raids without fighter
escorts. Moreover, the Germans are
outnumbered in pilots. To the rela-
tive lack of German pilots is to be
ascribed the fact that Moscow has
been immune from air attacks for
periods of a week or more.
U. S. Advised to Heed Armor.
3. The heavily armored planes OF
the Red Army have stood up under
the Strain-one of them survived
some 600 she'll splinterS. The advice
of the Russians to the Americans
and British is to pay greater heed to
armor in airplane construction.
4. The loss of Leningrad would not
by itself affect the strength of the
Russian air forces, since no factories
working for them are to be found
in that area.
5. Tanks and anti-tank guns come
next to airplanes in the order of
Evening star., 1941-09-13
Chicago Hires 9 More Stars
For 5-Week Opera Season

hampton, Jussi Bjoerling, Richard
Crooks, Helen Jepson, Giovanni
Martinelli, Lauritz Melchior, James
Melton, Grace Moore, Tito Schipa
and Ezio PIMA.
The 1s41 season will cover five
weeks, one week less than last
year, in line with the company's
determination to make opera, as
nearly as possible, pay for itself.
Fortune Gallo, general director
of the company, said changes in the
seating arrangements in the opera
house would make it possible to ac-
commodate nightly audiences of s.
531 this year.
The Littlefeld Ballet has been
designated the official ballet for the
season, and additions are being held
to select an opera chorus.
Gallo said the repertoire would
include three operas in English
"Falstaff," Martha and "Hansel
and Gretel"
Evening star., 1941-09-13
Tax Bill Confezees
Reported Agreed on
Corporate Levies
Rates Believed Fixed
AS Written Into New
Measure by Senate
BY J. A. OLEARY.

Corporation rates in the new tax
bill have been left by the conferees
in substantially the form in which
they we're adopted by the Senate, it
was reliably reported today as fur
ther details of the conference agree
ment came to light.
Although the conferees have
avoided any announcement of their
decisions on the $4,000, 100000 rev.
enue measure, pending official ap-
pointment of the House managers
Monday. there were indications also
today the proposed new forms of
taxation on billboards and sale of
time by radio stations have been left
out. They were in the House bill
but eliminated by the Senate.
The principal Senate change in
the corporation schedule was the
elimination of the special 10 per cent
tax proposed by the House on COM
panies whose earnings have i'm
proved above the 1869 base pc
riod, but not sufficiently to be
reached by the excess profits rates
The House conferees are reported to
have agreed to the eliminat ton.
Surtax Hike Believed Accepted.
1t was generally believed at the
Capitol that, in agreeing to drop
that tax, the conferees also adhered
to the Senate alternative of increas-
ing the corporation surtax rates
from to 6 per cent on the first s25,-
900 and from 6 to 7 per cent above
that point.
1t has been estimated that drop
ping the special 10 per cent levy cut
$67, 100000 from the bills original
total, but that the increase in surtax
rates put back S120,500, 900, or net
gain of $52,800,000
A strong belief also prevailed in
congressional circles that the con-
ferees followed Senate action in
dropping the tax on soft drinks
The main decision, however, which
became known after the conferees
adjourned late Thursday. was the
retention of the lower personal ex-
emptions voted by the Senate, from
$4,000 to $500 for married persons
and from $500 to $3.50 for single
persons. This action adds $780,
100000 to the revenue total and
creates a large bloc of new taxpayers.
An unusual feature of this tax bill
is the inclusion of the Byrd econ
Evening star., 1941-09-13

flow of all supplies to Britain is
borne out by the most recent
reports of their U-boat activities.
Their first answer to the Presi-
dents address was the announce
ment that % vessels out Of a
convoy of 40 had been attacked
and destroyed. Presumably these
ships were carrying supplies
from this country to Britain.
The torpedoing Of the Mon
tana was reported to have taken
place well within the limits of
the seas declared by the Presi-
dent to be the special care of the
United States. 1t seems only a
question of time when, in accord
with the orders issued to the
Navy by the President. these
undersea raiders of Hitler will
come into actual conflict with
American naval craft.
If in any quarter there has
been a belief that the United
States will not fight, the ad-
dress of the President must have
dispelled it. No longer is it
possible to believe that America
will wait until it is Hitler's
pleasure or design to attack. 1t
would be folly for this country
to do so.
The total war of democracy
against totalitarianism seems at
hand.
Evening star., 1941-09-13

Axis soon will have to suffer be-
cause of oil and gasoline short
ages, suggestions from Washing
ton for an amicable settlement Of
Pacific problems-with the face
saving Japan needs-were given
sympathetic reception. The Japa-
nese, better than other members
of the Axis, know the meaning Of
a shortage of oil and other es-
sential raw materials. After only
six weeks of trade restrictions
and there is no actual blockade
of Japan yet-the pinch is being
strongly felt in the NipponeSe
empire. According to reports
from Toxic, the basic American
suggestions for an understanding
in the Pacific appear acceptable.
Nobody here expects an early
solution of the Far Eastern
problem. That region has been
in turmoil for 10 years. 1t would
be foolish to assume that every
thing could be Strengthened out
in a few months. But Washing
ton confidently expects that pres
sure in the Pacific will soon relax;
that Japan will take the first
step toward better under
standing with this country by
announcing policy aimed at
complete independence of the
Axis" in the Far East.
Evening star., 1941-09-13
This Changing World
Jopon Believed Preparing to Quit Axis
To Achieve Ropprochement With U. S.

cult of the Emperor-Deity which
had become somewhat dormant
with the moderniZation of the
empire was revived with fanatical
fervor
The plan of the military leaders
was simple: If this cult which
had existed in Japan for centuries
was revived with medieval frenzy,
they had nothing to fear. Every
time strong opposition to the war
developed, it would constitute
more than high treason; pacifiSm
would become sacrilege.
Because Hirohito-a man with
modern ideas - accepted this
policy of his officers, many for
eign observers considered him a
weak man and a tool in the hands
of the jingoists. Strangely
enough, the heads of the militar.
clique and the various secret
societies affiliated with them
shared this point of view and
pushed the veneration of the
sovereign beyond all limits.
May Be Boomerang"
Friday they had rude awaken
ing. The Emperor took matters
into his own hands and is now
backing Premier Prince Konoye
in his new policy which is
believed to be looking toward a
rapprochment with the United
States.
Since it has become evident to
clear thinkers in Japan that the
German campaign against Russia
has become q flop and that the
Evening star., 1941-09-13

Merritt said the companies were
ready to cooperate with the Gov
ernment in halting runaway COM
modify prices but they cannot, con-
sistently with the obligations i'm
posed upon them, acceed to any
arbitrary price ceiling"
The companies spokesman de-
clared Henderson's orders in effect
was issued at a Instantaneous
point. The producers, he said, have
for 40 years followed a policy of re-
ducing prices in the spring and of
restoring them gradually through
the summer.
Merritt argued that figures SUBJ
mltted to o. P. A. showed the pro-
posed increase would make anthra-
cite only 8 per cent more than the
mine price Of the same time in
1910 notwithstanding an increase
of IL per cent in wages GRANTED in
May and including vacation paw
ments) and mounting increase in
material costs"
Retail Prices Follow.
Henderson, declaring producers
failed to show the proposed increase
justified, yesterday froze prices at
the mines at $3.50 for principal do
mestic sizes of broken egg, stove and
chestnut; So for pea coal, 1915 for
buckwheat No. l, $3.50 for rice and
S2.45 for barley. Philadelphia re-
tailers, reporting increased distribu-
ton costs, said they also would ad-
vance prices If they go up at the
mines.
Evening star., 1941-09-13
Secret Army Board Urges
Removal OF ITO Officers

By the Associated Press.
A secret board Of five generals
today recommended the removal of
ITO Regular Army officers from ac-
tive duty.
The War Department announced
that under a recent law the off,
GERS on the list who have held their
commissions for less than seven
years will be honorably discharged,
while the men with longer service
will be retired their pay to be de-
termined by rank and their years
in the Army.
The secret boards decision is sub
ject to the approval of Secretary
Stimson. The officers also have the
privilege of requesting retirement
and the department said that 66 out
Of 1873 notified of the recommends
tions already had asked for retire
ment.
The department made no dis
closures as to the rank, present as
signments or reason for removal Of
the officers. Removals for incom-
petence are part Of broad general
program TO raise Army leadership
to the highest standards Of quality.
Evening star., 1941-09-13
The Political Mill
u S. Seen Joining Shooting War. Unless
Hitler Heeds Presidents Warming

resolution abandoning the free
dom of the seas.
The Neutrality Act, with its
definite provisions prohibiting
American vessels from entering
ports of belligerent nations, still
remains on the statute books.
If this country is to return to its
traditional policy-a policy
brought to life again by the
Presidents declaration-this act
must be repealed, or amended so
as to remove these prohibitions
to American travel.
The Congress already has de-
clared by its acts that aid shall
be given to the British and others
fighting Hitler-as a measure of
national defense. 1t has always
been unthinkable that it would
acquieSce finally in the de-
struction of this aid almost i'm
mediately after it has left Ameri-
can harbors and American wa
ters. The time has come for a
showdown. Americans have
never shown themselves willing
to accept futility.
Weeks ago a number of con-
ferences were held, involving
congressional leaders and off,
cials of the administration, look
ing to the repeal of the Neu-
trality Act, or its amendment,
to restore in toto the principle
of the freedom of the seas.
The matter was dropped tenn
porarily. There seems every rea-
son now. however, for resump-
ton of the proposal.
The President may, within a
short time, recommend such
congressional action. With the
swift moving events-the Nazis
have sunk another American
owned ship, the Montana, on its
way to Iceland with a cargo Of
lumber-repeal of the act may
become almost immaterial. Once
this country engages in a shoot
ing war with Hitler, all question
of neutrality comes to an end.
Statement Borne Out.
The Presidents assertion that
the Nazis are engaged in policy
of all-out destruction of ship
ping in an effort to stem the
Evening star., 1941-09-13
Hard Coal Producers
Defy Henderson's S
Price.Fixing Order
Eight Refuse to Cancel
15-Cent-u-Ton Increase
Scheduled for Monday
BY the Associated Press,


PHILADELPHIA, Sept. 13.-The
eight major anthracite producers
sent word to Price Administrator
Leon Henderson today that they
Cannot accede" to his order cancel
ing a 15-cents-a-ton increase sched-
uled to become effective Monday.
Walter Gordon Merritt, counsel
for the companies which produce
more than 60 per cent of the Nations
hard coal used mostly for heating
homes, said Hendersons order in
tended to freeze prices at August IS
levels indicated he "prejudged the
situation p"
Otherwise" Merritt wrote the
price administrator, there could be
no doubt in your mind that the
record fully supports the contention
of both operators and mine workers
that prices heretofore announced,
effective September Is, are necessary
to sustain the present wage struc-
ture and to reduce the operating
deficits so prevalent in the industry
Evening star., 1941-09-13

The news is of momentous i'm
portance to this country. When
the actual change of policy will
take place nobody can yet say.
But in responsible Washington
quarters there is unConcealed sat-
isfaction over the decision of the
ruler of Japan to take into his
own hands the destiny Of his peo-
pie. The liquidation of the To-
year-old conflict between America
and Japan will have worldwide
repercussions. To Japan it will
mean, eventually, long era Of
peace and prosperity. To us it
means that as soon as positive in
dication of a change in heart is
noticeable in Japan, We can apply
ourselves exclusively to winning
the battle of the Atlantic. An
important portion of our Pacific
feet can then be transferred to
the Atlantic.
"Gloves OFF" Fight Seen.
Although we already are we'll
prepared to cope with German
submarines and aviation in the
Atlantic, naval officers don't live
in a fools paradise and they know
that the task given them will be .
no picnic. There may be severe
losses because the NaziS are GER
tain to fight desperately and are
likely to discard even the remain
ing rules Of the game. 1t will be
a gloves off" battle and hitting
below the belt may be expected.
Under such circumstances, re-
gardless of how speedily the yards
complete vessels now unoer con-
struction, the addition of modern
men-of-war from the Pacific will
be more than welcome.
About five years ago, the mill
tary clique which has been ruling
Japan since 1881 decided that to
avoid alternating people who did
not relish the idea of an inter-
minable war, the already great
authority of the Emperor should
be further expanded. So the old
Evening star., 1941-09-13
BY GOULD LINCOLN.

President Roosevelt's address,
in which he revealed his orders
to the Army and the Navy to
clear waters Necessary to Amer
lean defense of Axis warcraft,
has made a profound impression
on Americans who listened to
him by the millions and on Eng
disappearing peoples all over the
world. Since it proclaimed an in
tention on the part of American
armed forces to fight, the address
made a profound impression on
the rest of the world.
The Presidents recital of the
chain of incidents which has led
to these orders touched off some
Evening star., 1941-09-13
BY the Associated Press.

CHICAGO, Sept. 13.-Another
season of grand opera, embellished
by the presence of nine new stars,
will open in Chicago the night of
November s.
The Chicago Opera Co. announced
today that Lawrence Tibbett, Gladys
Swarthout, Richard Bonelli and
Elisabeth Rethberg had been added
to its artistic personnel for the Is
performances of 1941.
Other newcomers to the great
stage of the Civic Opera House, the
company said, will be Salvatore
Baccaloni, IRA Petina, Raoul JOHN,
Mobley Lushanya and Bidu Sayo,
the petite Brazilian soprano who
has been starred at the MetropoE-
tan for the last four seasons, but
has never been heard here in opera.
Among the singers returning again
this year will be Lily Pons, Rose
Evening star., 1941-09-13

omy amendment, under which a
JOINT committee from both Houses
will endeavor to couple reduction in
non-defense spending with the rails
ing of new taxes.
The decision of the conferees not
to make public their agreement is
believed to have been prompted
mainly by the fact that they began
their deliberations before the House
had an opportunity to name its
spokesmen, in order to save time.
AS soon as the House appoints its
conferees Monday the agreement
already worked out informally is
expected to be ratified promptly.
Evening star., 1941-09-13

thing that has hitherto been
lacking in this country. So con-
vincing was his statement that
there can be no doubt of unity
behind the Chief EXecutive-a
unity which has hitherto been
lacking. The press in over
whelming volume expressed edi-
torial approval Of the Presidents
course. The great majority of
opinions expressed by members
of Congress were strongly favor
able.
Again. this country, through its
Chief Executive, has proclaimed
the American tradition of free
dom of the seas. The President,
in unequivocal terms, said this
country will not submit to domi-
nation of the seas by Hitler and
his allies. Other Presidents have
made similar declarations of the
freedom of the seas-declara-
tions which have been followed
by war in some cases. 1t was the
violation of this principle by the
Germans in 1916 and 1917 that
brought this country finally into
the World War. Unless Hitler
takes the Presidents warning to
heart-this country will be in
war again.
Free Seas at Stake.
The Presidents declaration has
both an immediate and long
distance application. Immedi-
ately it refers to waters which
are considered necessary to
American national defense. In
the long run it refers to the
waters of all the world. Freedom
OF the seas cannot mean only the
waters that wash our shores. or
even those which extend as far
as Iceland.
The President aSserted-and
who will deny-that the seas can
not be free if Hitler wins this
war.
The United States turned its
back on the traditional policy of
the past when it enacted first the
Embargo Act and later the Neu-
trality Act. These laws were
enacted on the theory that by
withdrawing from the seas when
foreign wars broke out, this
country could remain at peace.
The country today is faced with
the lnescapable fact that it
cannot retain its freedom to ira
verse the seas. or its own free
dom. if the rest of the world is to
be dominated by Hitler. Free
doms of all kinds have always
had to be fought for. Despite the
overwhelming desire of members
of Congress to keep this country
out of war, there were men in
both houses when the first Neu-
trality Act was passed who could
not bring themselves to support a
Evening star., 1941-09-13
By CONSTANTINE BROWN.

AS important as President
Roosevelt's statement Thursday
night that American men-of-war
have been ordered to destroy rat
tlesnakes" menacing Atlantic
shipping was the news from Toxic
that Emperor Hirohito had taken
into his own hands the supervi-
sion of the activities of the army,
and that the new co-ordinator of
the Japanese forces henceforth
will be responsible to his imperial
majesty alone. In plain English,
this decision means that the En-
peror and some of his advisers
are preparing to abandon the
Axis IN order to achieve a rap
prochement with the United
States,
Evening star., 1941-09-13

Of the press
sharpening their
pencils and put
ting new rib
bons in their
typewriters in
preparation for
a royal lambast-
ing Of this royal
couple.
Edward and
Wally are almost
certain TO get
the worst press
c n r o Mrs
OLeary's CO W.
Evening star., 1941-09-13

struggle with the
Germans. They
are described as
outstanding ex-
perts in aerial
and mechanical
warfare. What
they have to say
about the lessons
of the campaign
is, t h erefore,
worth recording.
1t can be sum-
married as fol-
lows:
l. Not un til
Evening star., 1941-09-13
Reich's Red Prisoners
To Get Inferior Food
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press
BERLIN, Sept. l3.-Russian pris-
oners Of war will receive food in
ferior to that of prisoners of other
nationalities, the high command and
the Reichministry of Food and Agri-
culture decreed last night.
This unusual measure was de-
clared to be based on the fact that
Russia did not sign the international
agreement of July 27, 1929, covering
treatment of war prisoners and that
in the high commands opinion
there is accordingly no obligation
to grant Soviet war prisoners rations
corresponding to said agreement as
regards quantity or quality"
Evening star., 1941-09-13

the actual i'm
pact of naval
action caused a
profound sem
sation here.
The isolation
lists already have
taken the tack
that the Presi-
dent is without
con S t itutional
authority to Or
der the Navy to
resist attack and
the supporters of
the adminiStra-
Evening star., 1941-09-13
McLemore
Bitter Teor Shed
For Duke, WoIIy
By HENRY McLEMORE.

The Duke and Duchess OF Wind
sor are coming to this country soon
and If you'll listen real hard you
can hear the ladies and gentlemen
Evening star., 1941-09-13
BY PERTINAX.

Officers of the Russian Air Force
who arrived here last week after q
flight from Moscow via Alaska were,
quite recently, in the midst of the
Evening star., 1941-09-13

HE opinions OF the riter this page their not
necessarily The Stars Such opinions presented In The
Stars effort all sides OF questions interest
readers although such opinions may be contradictory among
themselves and directly opposed to The Stars
Evening star., 1941-09-13
u. 5. Policy
Is Armed
Neutrality
Roosevelt Seen
Pursuing Plan
Wilson Dropped
BY DAVID LAWRENCE.

Although President Roosevelts
pronouncement of policy of re-
sistance against Axis submarine
attacks has long been foreShadowed,
Evening star., 1941-09-13

Australia is again permitting its
police department to buy American
motorcycles.