davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1941-04-29
Stone Picker

In the old South the principal oc-
cupations used to be picking cotton
for business and the banjo for pleas
ure, both done by hand. Now this
region has been invaded by the me-
chanical cotton picker, which can
pick more in an hour than Uncle
RemuS could in a year. Inspired by
the success of this device, the me-
chanical stone picker also has been
invented, but more probably for use
in New England, where there are
countless acres whose main crop is
stones.
In the past the stone farmer there
would mark out a lot twenty feet
square, clear it, and make a note of
the time required. If he found by
multiplication that it would take the
rest of his life to complete the job,
he would scratch his head in thought
with a horny hand, put mortgage
on the farm, and eat. This worked
well until the New England banker
also scratched his head in thought
to such effect that he turned thumbs
down on the stone mortgage as bad
investment, and his heart became as
hard as the commodity with which
he was overloaded.
With this new gadget, however,
the New England stone farmer may
yet be able to run plow through his
land, at least deep enough to turn
under every third row of potatoes
and harvest a Government check.
Evening star., 1941-04-29
Forecasts Public Correction
OF "Hijacker" Unions.
To the Editor of Tn,

To the Editor of The Star:
The success with which the strikes In
vital industries, notably those engineered
by the c. I. o., have paralyzed the de-
fenSe program, is an increasing source
of amazement to the average citizen. 1t
seems inconceivable that our Govern
ment should be at loss in dealing with
this situation.
Government reaches into the lives of
all Americans. 1t supervises industry.
1t directs the collection of innumerable
taxes and ferrets out delinquents. 1t
hunts criminals and brings them to JUS
tice. Who is beyond the reach of gov
ernment? Nobody, apparently, but a
group of greedy and autocratic indi-
viduals who would constitute themselves
the sole arbiters of relations between
employers and employees, and conduct
their operations by coercion intimida-
ton and the destruction of the property
Of others.
Who demands of the unions an &C
counting of the enormous sums they
collect? Not the workman, who must
pay anywhere from $50 to several hun
dred dollars for the privilege of working
In free country.
Who demands of the unions indemnity
for the thousands of dollars worth of
damage done by rioting strikers? Not
the manufacturers, whose costly equip
ment has been destroyed, although the
Bill of Rights guarantees the inviolabil-
ity of private property.
Who can bring back the lives of those
who have died in riots? And who can
save the precious time that is being lost,
while England waits for our planes and
ships and our own margin Of safety be-
comes smaller every day?
No one can deny that the original
function of labor unions is good. The
medieval guilds were worthy and orderly
institutions that affirmed the dignity of
labor and maintained high standards In
their individual crafts. Their modern
Evening star., 1941-04-29
THIS AND THAT
BY Charles Z. TrdcetDeH.

place where the nest was, the brood
had been gone for several days.
Perhaps the most useless thing In the
world is a birds nest where 1t should
not be. II you have ever seen a nest
fallen into the street. you will know
what we mean.
Most of the species construct very
good nests, at least we'll suited to their
purpose, if not ideally done from an
artistic standpoint.
One of the best Of all is the nest Of
the Baltimore oriole. We have one in
the garage now, where it has been for
several years.
1t was never used by the bird that
built it.
Constructed at the very end of q bough
swung right out over the middle of the
yard, it was lashed securely to the limb
so that 1t could never come loose.
1t never did-the entire bough broke
off, in storm, but by that time the
birds had abandoned the nest, for what
reason we never knew.
Could it possibly have been some ability
on their part to realize that the branch
was fated to fall? 1t might have been.
Surely a creature which knows how to
tie a nest so securely to the very tip
of bough, as she did, also might know
when she had made a mistake in Sc
lecting a site. At any rate, no eggs were
ever laid in this beautiful nest.
*
The placing of robin shelves does not
seem to be very successful in many yards.
These, as most persons know are small
shelves made with a roof, but without
sides. The idea is that the birds are
not supposed to use shelf with closed
sides. They want to be able to fly in
and out from three directions. The
back, Of course, is solid.
We have had one of these shelves in a
sheltered place for five years, without a
solitary robin using it. 1t is placed
about feet high on the tree trunk, and
maybe that is too low
Our success with bird boxes and the
like has been somewhat small. The
bluebird house, a very fine one, from a
human standpoint, had bluebird visitors
a short while after it was put up, but
they did not stay. Even the English
sparrows have refused to use this house.
1t makes a very neat appearance in
the big tree, however.
Our best fortune with birdhouses has
been with small green and cheap wren
houses. Several of these have been
occupied.
We believe that these birds prefer
green to any other color.
One house, placed about 6 feet high,
was left alone until it was swung from
the bending tip of a shrub only about
3 feet off the ground.
Then it was occupied, and a family
brought up successfully, although the
house was so low that a cat might have
touched it by standing up on its legs.
We cite this. not as a recommendation.
for theoretically it was too low, but
simply TO show that the birds, after all,
know what they like.
Evening star., 1941-04-29
Childhood Excursion

I remember the creak OF the mill
1pheel turning
And the dampened shore, 1oith the
shell of clam
On opened hinges; the bright noon
burning
The fiat white rocks Of the built-up
dam;
The mater, green as an avocado,
Jeueled lotth fecks of sparkling
sun,
Except where toe sdw In the stone
1UdlpS ShddoW
The surfing miH-rdce matters run;
The broad fiat boat that childish
ldbors
Sent from shore to exploring shore
Where ,DilloUs bent like friendly
neighborS
Their long green leaves to the
1Darm edrth's floor;
The SloU start homeUdrd; the tre-
Quent bending
To search for sand-burr's prick
ing thorn;
Watching the Wings OF croD
ascending
Out of the aiSles OF tdSSeled corn;
Munching sugdr-cdne stalks ana
huf1ng
The dotUn from milktDeeds NTH
mindless blotDs;;
Slo10ly SlotDly homeWdrd,
Scufing
The roads thick dust NTH joyous
toes.
MARION II. ADDrNGTON.
Evening star., 1941-04-29
Welcome Settlement

In deciding to reopen their mines
under the terms of the President "a
proposal, the Southern soft coal
operators have taken the only ra-
tional course that was open to them.
The shutdown in the mines, as
Edward F. McGrady, special labor
conSultant to the War Department,
pointed out yesterday, already has
worked injury to the defense pro-
gram, and within few days would
have completely paralyzed' the en-
tire industrial preparedness drive.
Under these circumstances 1t is Obvl-
Gus that a continuation OF the shut
down could not have been tolerated,
and If the Southern operators had
persisted in their refusal to resume
work the Government would have
been left with no alternative but to
take over the mines.
This controversy has been more
troublesome than most because of
the diversity of interests involved.
The Northern operators, who had
announced their willingness to grant
the dollar-a-day wage increase
sought by the miners, also were in
terested in wiping out the forty
cents-a-day wage differential which
had been established in favor of their
Southern competitors, presumably to
equalize a disparity in freight rates.
AS a result of this situation the
miners, whose sole interest was in
securing a fiat Seven-dollar daily
wage scale in both the Northern and
Southern fields. found it to their
advantage to Collaborate with the
Northern operators, and this cOllab-
Grafton took the form Of a joint
refusal on the part of the Northern
operators and the miners to dig any
coal until the Southern group &C
cepted the Presidents proposal.
In the face of the pressure thus
applied, the Southern operators
finally have abandoned their unten-
able position. Nor does it seem thar
their legitimate interests have been
prejudiced in doing so. Under the
terms of Mr.. RooSevelt's proposal,
they merely agree to resume mining
operations, while also continuing
negotiations with the miners con-
cerning the wage differential If any
agreement is reached, it is to be made
retroactive to the date of work re-
sumption. The fact remains. how
ever, that if there are valid reasons
for maintenance of the differentiaI
the operators are under no compul-
sion to yield on this point. Mean
while, the Nation will be getting the
coal it so desperately needs.
In the light of all the evidence,
there is no escaping the conclusion
that there has never been any justi-
f1cation for the cessation of mining
operations. If our national defense
Is to progress at the pace made
necessary by our national peril, there
must not be any repetition Of the
stubbornneSs and SelfiShness which
have characterized this dispute.
Evening star., 1941-04-29
Says Labor is Fooled
By Mani Agents.
To the Editor of The Star:

To the Editor Of The Star:
Americans should wake UP. should be-
come more serious minded to the fact
of our danger.
Just as sure as the American In
dianS were conquered over $50 years
ago, We now are facing the same grim
possibility.
All of the nations friendly to the
United States are crumbling one by one,
while our stupid strikes and other in
ternal disorders are continuing unabated.
Labor troubles at this critical time are
disgusting.
To the loyal Americans involved in the
present strikes let me say: You have
been and are now being duped by the
HitleriteS"
Remember, an ounce of prevention is
worth a pound of cure. 1t still holds
good. An airplane or tank now Is
worth 10 later on. EUGENE Belts.
Evening star., 1941-04-29
Suggests Tax to Teach
Comprehension of Federal Budget.
% the Editor Of The ST;


Congress is searching for new taxes.
How about each citizen being required
to pay what might be termed "citi-
zenship tax" equal in dollars each year
to the number of billions in the Federal
budget?
If the budget were II billion, each
citizen would pay a citizenship tax"
of SIT. If the budget were 10 bill
lion, each citizen would pay $40.
With rs million citizens over 21 years
of age, citizenship tax" of SIT per
citizen would equal 81 ,275 100000.
Every citizen, regardless of age, oc-
cupation or income would be required
to pay this citizenship tax" In this
way each citizen would have impressed
on him each year the size of the Fed
eral budget. In this way each citizen
would nave personal interest in econ
omy and efficiency in the management
Of the Federal Government.
WALTER A. BOWERS.
Evening star., 1941-04-29
Defends Col. Lindbergh's Right
To Express His Opinions.
To the Editor of The Sta

To the Editor of The Star:
The article by Dorothy Thompson IN
The Star for April Is was very interest,"
ing.
However, I think the author allowed
her sympathy for England to run away
with her good judgment when she ac-
cused Col Lindbergh of being Nazl.
This is a democracy, at peace with all
nations. The United States is no more
at war with Germany than Russia is at
war with Britain.
Since the United States is not at war,
Col. Lindbergh has democratic right
to express his opinion on foreign affairs.
Especially is this true when he today is
striving to prevent the soldiers of his
own country from being killed on for
eign soil-something that President
Roosevelt himself promised to prevent
no longer ago than last October.
JACK sPRATT.
Evening star., 1941-04-29
Crystal City Case

In deciding that employees of the
Crystal City MO- plant of the
Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company
must accept the C. I. o. Federation
of Flat Glass Workers as their COL
lective bargaining agent, the Su-
preme Court is ignoring the wishes of
eighty per cent of the workmen con-
cerned by compelling them, despite
the fact that they are 700 miles from
the nearest associate plant, to deal
with their employer through a
plant-wide union which is not of
their choosing.
The Crystal City plant is one of six
located in five States in which the
Pittsburgh company manufactures
fiat glass. The c. I. o. has a major
ity in the establishments as a whole,
but, despite continued efforts, has
failed to gain majority at Crystal
City. There, some fifteen hundred
of eighteen hundred workmen have
expressed their preference for an in
dependent bargaining agency known
as the Glass Workers Union.
The Labor Board, however, in
ruling two years ago, held that the
six plants, Jumped together, conSti-
tute the appropriate bargaining
agency for the fiat glass division, de-
spite the wishes of the Crystal City
employees for separate status. Bar
gaining with the c. I. O. at the other
five plants, the company refused to
comply so Tar as its Missouri unit
was concerned, resulting in Labor
Board charges of unfair labor prac-
tice-the issue in the litigation which
the Supreme Court now has decided.
The background of this order is
Illuminating. The Glass Workers
Union was formed in the spring of
1888, when the c. / o. had a contract
with the Pittsburgh company which
excluded the Crystal City workers
The following month, the Labor
Board declared the union was COM
pany- dominated, and a stipulation
was entered, diSeStabliShing it. The
union, however, was not a party to
these proceedings. In the meantime,
the board had ordered a representa-
ton hearing, and the following Janu-
ary, by a two-to-one vote, held that
the six plants should be the bargain
ing unit. incidentally, this ruling,
in which former Chairman j. Warren
Madden was Joined by Edwin S.
Smith, pointed out that the necessity
for united front" in dealing with
the management had been demon
tai City workers had refused to par
. ticipate, thus enabling the company
to fill orders which shutdown in
all plants would have prevented. The
board diSsenter was William M. Lei
serson, who vigorously condemned
the majority opinion, declaring it
was designed to give the C. I. o.
something it could not obtain by its
unaided efforts.
AS matters stand, the five Roosevelt
appointees to the court have lined up
solidly in support of the boards rul-
, ing. This is an ironic development in
view of the fact that the attack on
the ruling was one of Mr.. Leiserson's
first official acts after he had been
named to the board by President
Roosevelt in a recognized attempt to
bring about a more equitable admin
istration of the Labor Relations Act.
Evening star., 1941-04-29
Curtuins in Ethiopiu

The StOrming of Bessie in Northern
Ethiopia by British imperial troops
indicates the virtual end of Italian
organized resistance in East Africa
Here the Duke of AoSta had concen-
trated the bulk of his remaining
troops, retiring southwark from con-
quered Eritrea and northWard be-
fore another British drive that had
taken Adds Ababa, the Ethiopian
capital. bessie is a natural strong
hold set in region of tangled noun
tainS. 1t was hereabout that Halle
SelaSSie'S warriors made their strong
est stand against the Italian inva-
sion from Eritrea. Strategic con-
SiderationS obviously indicated that
the Italians make their last stand in
the same locality.
The Italians evidently put up a stiff
fight, for British dispatches describe
the taking Of Bessie as the fierceSt
battle of the East African campaign"
II the severity of this action sur
passed that before Cheren, the bull
Wark of Eritrea, some weeks ago, it
must have been noteworthy battle.
incidentally, the stubborn resistance
OF the Italians at both points morally
offsets their poor showing elsewhere,
and likewise clincheS the military
reputation of the Duke of AoSta,
viceroy and commander in chief of
1taly's East African Empire.
Rome admits the loss of Bessie, but
asserts that resistance continues in
the nearby sector of Amba Alagi
Since the mountainous area where
both places are located is of con-
siderable extent, italian resistance
may continue a while longer. Yet,
ringed about as they are on all sides
by British troops and Ethiopian ir-
regulars, and hopeleSSly isolated
from all outside aid, the Italians
cannot long hold out. Once the
Dukes army Surrenders, formal re-
SiStance in East Africa is over. The
few scattered Italians garrisons else
where can be reduced at leisure by
small British forces or left to the
Ethiopian insurgents.
That Britain is determined to clean
up the entire East African situation
seems evident from an announce
ment in ViChy that De Gaull-
ist (''Free FrenchO forces, sup
ported by British mechanical units"
have crossed the border of French
Somaliland from Ethiopia, following
the railway line which runs from
Djibouti, the French port on the Red
Sea, to Adds Ababa. Vichy likewise
asserts that still other De Gaullist
troops have diSembarked at Zeila, a
port in British Somaliland less than
fifty miles from Djibouti. If these
adViceS are correct, the colony is
threatened from both west and south.
French Somaliland is loyal to Vichy
and is garriSoned by detachments of
the Foreign Legion and SenegaleSe.
They have been ordered by Vichy to
resist. Should they obey, a fresh
crisis in Anglo-French relations may
enSue. The strategic Importance of
Djibouti and control of the railway
to the heart of Ethiopia, especially
, now that the rains slow down other
means of transport, are important
considerations to the British. The
need for getting British imperial
troops out of Ethiopia to reinforce
the defenders of Egypt and the Suez
Canal against axis attacks is urgent.
And the use of the French port and
railway would be a major factor in
this operation.
Evening star., 1941-04-29
Argues That Trade Unions
Interfere With Providential Decree.
To the Editor of The Star

To the Editor of The Star:
When the all-wise Providence created
the universe He made among the rest
of the things man, and in His wisdom
He decided that man should be a free
moral agent to choose for himself. How
ever, today, along with many other
fallacious ideas We find the management
as well AS many of the laymen of various
unions insisting that this wise provision
of Providence be set aside and, instead
of it being optional whether one belongs
to labof union or not, they say it must
be compulsory. God forbid
Covina, Calf. ROLAND C. CASAD.
Evening star., 1941-04-29

fend Colonel Lindbergh merely by
aspersing his critics. Perhaps the
colonels decision to give up his COM
mission and speak hereafter strictly
as a private citizen will tend to elimi-
nate personalities from the discus
sion of the vital questions before the
country.
Evening star., 1941-04-29

O. What do the initials DNB mean
in foreign news dispatches?-C. s. V.
A. They are an abbreviation Of
Deutsches Nachrichtenburo which means
German news bureau.
@. Do male and female scarlet tan
ayers have the same coloring?-B. M.
A. The adult male scarlet tanager
in spring and summer is brilliant scarlet,
his wings and tail deep black. The adult
female is of a yellowish. olive green on
the upper part of the body, usually grayer
on the back and scapulars.
@. Which retains the heat longer,
black or white material?-H. H.
A. Black substances absorb heat while
white reflect it. This is demonstrated
by placing two pieces of cloth, one black
and the other white, on piece of ice.
When the sun shines on them it will be
found that the black piece absorbs the
heat and melts its way into the ice, but
the white does not.
@. What is the United States Flag
Association?-F. V. j.
A. The United States Flag Association
is a patriotic organization incorporated
under the Federal Government on April
10, 1924. 1t is always headed by the
President of the United States, who with
his assent is honorary president general
of the association. Members Of the
Presidents cabinet are, with their assent,
members of the Board of Sponsors of
the association. The purpose OF the flag
association is to spread Americanism and
respect for the flag.
@. How much money does a boy In
the Civilian Conservation Corps earn?-
C. D.
A. The base pay Of an enrolee Is $50
a month, SIS of which he is required to
send home. Each month 81 Of his
pay is placed in his savings account in
the Office of the Chief of Finance. War
Department, Washington. D. c. He Is
entitled to use the remaining So for
personal expenses.
Evening star., 1941-04-29

counterparts, however, have become a
gang of hijackers protected by law and
deserve the contempt of all right-thin
ing Americans. If they do not reform
themselves, it seems likely that they may
beforced out of existence by outraged
public opinion.
LOUISE BROUGHAM THOMAS.
Evening star., 1941-04-29
Letters to the Editor

Letters to the Editor must
bear the name and address of
the 1Driter, although the use OF
a pSeudonym for publication is
permissible. The Star reserves
the right to edit all letters NTH
q UielU to condensation.
Evening star., 1941-04-29

If we. get another crop of tempor-
ary buildings on the Mall it will be
somewhat of case of municipal
measles before we are completely
over municipal mumps.
Evening star., 1941-04-29

Although the outward symptoms
are the same, America had better be
warned that there is a vast difference
between calm and apathy.
Evening star., 1941-04-29
Huskin's Answers
To Questions
By Frederic J. HdSktn.

A reader can get the anStDer to any
question OF fact by tDrittnp The EUe-
ming Star Information Bureau, Fred
eric J. HdSktn. director, Washington,
u. c. Please fncloSe stamp for reply.
@. How much time has been lost in
strikes since the defense program
started?-M. T.. B.
A. Strikes in United States industries
have caused the direct loss Of 100000
man-days Of work since the emergency
defense program was launched last June.
O. 1t there any estimate Of the
amount OF canned fruits and vegetables
that will be used by the Army and Navy7
E. J.H.
A. Estimates show that the armed
forces of the United States and the
Civilian Conservation Corps will require
about 7 900 900 cases of canned vegetables
and 2,250,OO0 cases of canned fruits in
1941.
Q. How much sleep should To-
year-old child have?-S. F. L.
A. A child that age requires a mimi
mum of 10 hours sleep each night.
@. Where was the first motion pic
ture studio?-L. F. H.
A. The first motion picture studio,
The Black Maria" was built by Thomas
Edison at West Orange, N. j., in 1898.
c. Compare the air raids on London
of the present with those of the first
World Ware. T. r.
A. Raids by zeppelins and planes dur
ing the entire first World War resulted
in the dropping on London of 355 in
cendiary and SGT explosive bombs. Build
ings demolished numbered l74 while GIT
were damaged There were 524 persons
killed and 1854 injured The loss was
about $4,000, 900 for the entire war.
This has been equalled in single week Of
the current war.
G. How many parts are there In
railroad engine?-S. l.. A
A. Modern steam locomotives contain
more than $500 parts.
Evening star., 1941-04-29
Permanent Garden FlOwers-Ar

Permanent Garden FlOwers-An
illustrated booklet which tells how
and when to start them, what var
rietieS to select and how to raise
with maximum success. These
permanent plants of the flower
garden, once established, last for
years with little care and attention.
Add to the beauty Of your home.
To secure your copy inclose 10
cents in coin, wrapped in this
clipping, and mail to The Star In
formation Bureau.
Name
Address
Evening star., 1941-04-29

@. How much sleep should To-
year-old child have?-S. F. L.
A. A child that age requires a mini
mum of 10 hours sleep each night.
Evening star., 1941-04-29

A reader can get the ans10er to any
question OF fact BY t0rtttng The EUe-
ming Star Information Bureau, Fred
eric J. Haskin, director, Washington,
u. c. Please frclose stamp for reply.
Kodiak mirror., 1941-11-01

CARMEL, IND. = Sp-. CEI photo to Kodiak Mirror . Char les J. Lynn congratulates his three-year-old Percheron stallion which is undefeated in his fourth year of appearances in the nat ionis largest show rings. The young stallion is again honored as grand champion at the Nat ional Percheron Show, held at St. Paul, Minn. Bred and foaled on Lynnwood Farm, the young ster is a son of noted Don Again and traces to the famous Last.