davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1941-01-23

and social security legislation, Jus
tice McReynolds stood with the op-
ponents.
Later an undivided court approved
railroad retirement and farm mora
torium laws that had been rewritten
after adverse decisions, but when a
new Agricultural Adjustment Admin
istration measure came before the
court under the same circumstances,
Justice McReynolds was in dissent.
Finally, his was the only voice raised
in protest a few months ago, when
the court upheld the Bituminous Coal
Act, a revised version of legislation
that also had been held unconstitu-
tional.
"Mr. Justice McReynolds is of the
opinion that the act under review
is beyond any power granted to Con-
gress," he said, in that single SEN
tence summing up his attitude toward
the major New Deal program.
Justice McReynolds' resignation
will permit the sixth appointment
to the court by this administration
"a number exceeded only by the
nine made by Washington. The same
interest, however, will not attach to
the selection as once would have been
the case, the makeup of the court
now being overwhelmingly liberal.
Evening star., 1941-01-23
Russian Embargo Lifted
1t must be assumed that the Stat

1t must be assumed that the State
Department discernS advantage to
the United States, immediate or
prospective, in deciding to lift the
moral embargo" which since De-
cember, 1889, has virtually prevented
exports of airplanes and various
aviation accessories to Soviet Russia.
The ban was imposed following
Russias wanton attack on Finland
and registered in particular Ameri-
can resentment of the brutal bomb
ing of Finnish towns and cities.
Besides rejecting wish for gen.
eral improvement in relations with
Moscow, this Governments action
in withdrawing the ban on plane
shipments may represent an effort
to offset current steps by Japan to
conciliate the Russians. An agree
ment has just been concluded where
by the two countries prolong for one
year temporary arrangement
granting the Japanese certain fish
ing rights off the Siberian coast. AS
further evidence of desire for the
Soviet's good will, Toxic has under
taken to guarantee q payment Of two
Evening star., 1941-01-23

icose utterances may be allowed to pass
with the indulgence accorded to the
garrulities that often attend longevity.
But Secretary Knox presumably is in
his intellectual prime. He holds a posi-
ton of grave responsibility in our pres
ent Government and he therefore should
be called upon to reply to the following
questions:
Assuming that his remarks were accu-
rately quoted, exactly what did he mean
by his recent statement to the Canadian
Society in New York that the present
European war must be fought to a
finish? What is to constitute finish?
What is the meaning of this assertion
that only the timid and the thoughtless
are proposing "a negotiated peace? When
has a major war ever been concluded
without negotiated peace?
The first World War ragged insensately
for more than four years, 10000, 900
young men were plowed under and 49,
100000 were manned and mutilated, and
still nothing was conclusive or decisive
enough to effect peace without negotia-
tions. Let it be recalled that our own
country entered the conflict under a
slogan concerning preserving democ-
racy" and that we won" it!
Does Secretary Knox believe that the
present struggle, embroiling half of the
globe, ever will be concluded without
some sort Of negotiated peace, and
if so what is to determine its con-
clusion?
Since he has publicly made the above
quoted statements, he should be called
upon to clarity their exact meaning.
T. H. RUSSELL.
Evening star., 1941-01-23

million yen In settlement Of q long
pending Japanese-Russian ship
building dispute.
Desirable as a friendlier American
Russian understanding may be, from
either political or economic stand
point, certain conditions will have
to be scrupulously observed with
respect to export to the Soviet Union
of airplaneS and materials essential
to their manufacture, or release Of
patent processes for production of
high-quality aviation gasoline. All
of these vital sinews of war come
within our program of total aid to
Britain. Nothing should be per-
mitted to leave the United States
for Russia which could in any way
hamper our capacity to minister to
British aircraft needs. Nor should
the slightest risk be run that any
shipments of planes or plane ma
terials could find their way into Ger
man hands, small as this possibility
is, in view of the Nazis' own enor-
nous aviation plant and supplies.
The British authorities have only
recently raised questions regarding
augmented Russian imports of
American cotton and expressed fear
that considerable quantities of it
might have filtered by devious proc
esses to the axis powers by way of
VladivoStok.
Even though the moral embargo
on aviation wares is removed, Russia
along with other countries must
continue to buy here under the ex-
port license system. This means
that the United States, on grounds
of national defense, retains adequate
control over all the articles covered
by the decision just made on the
Soviet Unions behalf. It also makes
it impossible for the Kremlin to
charge us with discrimination
against Russia. incidentally, the
moral embargo now applies only to
Japan.
1t remains open to question
whether the United States friendly
gesture will have any influence on
Russia's attitude toward the Euro
pean war, especially in some di-
rection beneficial to Britain and her
allies. The Moscow authorities are, of
course, fully aware of the direction
in which Americas sympathies lie,
but 1t would probably be indulging
in rash optimism to expect that the
action just taken at Washington is
capable OF weaving Stain from a
pro-Nazi policy, just manifested
anew by the Russo o-German trade
pact, or materially DETECTING the
Soviet from a course favorable to
axis interests. We're such a develop
ment nevertheless to enSue, the
United States could only rejoice in
the thought that it may have played
some part in bringing it about.
Evening star., 1941-01-23
Spring VALLEY.

Dear Sir:
Having read your column for years
seldom miss q single item, and am in
deed glad that did not miss the one
yesterday which praised our mocking-
bird, for he is q most interesting fellow
But If you and your readers have not
heard Georgia mockingbird, you should.
as he is superb.
MY husband and were in Savannah
Ga. the past summer, and spent a few
hours, and most of that time was spent
listening to this wonderful bird, as he sat
in the top of a live oak.
His song was the sweetest had ever
heard from any bird, save my good
friends, the wood thrushes.
His various and brilliant themes were
marvellous and his repertoire the most
extensive one could imagine.
II think he had gotten his song from
every living thing around, and it was
so different from the mocker's song we
hear here.
There was an interesting article
about the cardinal in your column re-
Gently. too, and must tell you a little
by-play noticed last spring.
"A baby song sparrow was sitting on
a small limb of a dogwood, when a male
cardinal came and sat on the same limb
only few inches away.
Il noticed the cardinal kept looking
at the baby bird. but the latter never
looked his way at all.
Pretty soon the cardinal flew away
and was gone about a minute, when he
came back and perched in the same spot
and stared at the baby again. the baby
ignored him completely and pretty soon
the cardinal leaned over and pecked the
baby bird, which made him fly away, in
a panic.
80 I decided the cardinal, friendly
and dignif1ed as he is, cannot stand to
be ignored.
I'VE have lived at this place a little
over seven years and have learned more
about birds than We ever did before. II
was our luck to have the woodcock build
nest and hatch a brood, in a shady
bower, in our garden the past summer
Yours truly, L. P. S."
+
1t is no wonder that the famous South
ern mockingbird sings better than the
same bird when II Is North.
Down South it has the benefit of all it
learned up North!
Way down in Dixie is where it belongs
in sense. 1t is home, and there can
sing out of a full heart, using all it
picked up in the North as well as all it
knew down South
Then. too, there is expectation on the
part Of Northern listeners. when they
90 South and listen to the birds sing.
They are expecting them to sing bet
ter, and sure enough, they do.
Just how much of this Is due to the
bird and how much to the heightened
imagination of the listener 1t is hard to
say.
Evening star., 1941-01-23
THIS AND THAT
By Charles Z. TrnceDell.

The imagination plays a greater role
in music than is often realized, even by
musicians.
Music is basically emotional.
Imagination heightens emotion.
From the two come the supreme mo-
ments Of musical enjoyment. whether
OF Bach or popular tunes.
Nothing shows this better than the
modern phonograph.
1t is possible for the person who uses
his imagination to get more enjoyment
from an inferior machine than some
superior wight who listens too critically
to discs on a really fine machine
1t is mainly a matter of listening to
the music, by the former, as contrasted
with listening to the machine, by the
latter.
The machine is only necessary part
OF getting the music, but some persons
stop short there, while others 90 On, as
we all should, to the music itself.
1t is too bad that the machine so often
gets In the way!
Nothing Is more common than for the
phonograph owner to invite music low
ing friends over to hear his new ma
chine, playing some new album of SYM
phony records.
Then, instead of listening honestly to
the new records, both owner and guests
are rather listening to the machine, the
former to hear if it is performing well
enough to impress his friends, the dear
friends listening keenly to catch motor
noises and mentally to compare the tone
with that OF their own machine at home.
In this way, and this way alone, the
machine may ruin musical appreciation.
Aside from this, there is absolutely no
fault to be found with modern canned
music. We don't hear that phrase Can
ned music" any more, and you have
but to listen to good recording on a
good electric machine to understand
why.
But with all your listening, keep in
mind that it Is the music, not the ma
chine, you must listen to. You must
try to hear the music, or else you will
miss the music, at least in part.
What imagination gives to music, any
music, is the very best part of music.
Imagination, in listening to music
whether from a symphony orchestra or
a mockingbird, means that the spirit
and intent of the composer and per-
former are ever kept in mind.
Then it makes no difference whether
one ever heard" of the composer be-
fore or not, the music will be judged
on its present hearing.
This is all any music can ask, whether
it was composed in Vienna by Anton
Bruckner, or by lone mockingbird on a
limb in Georgia. A music war" of long
ago boosted Brahms at the expense of
Bruckner, and so kept most listeners
today from ever hearing Bruckner; but
all such wars" show a lack of imagina-
tion and an indifference both to music
and music's best listeners. Music can
never afford to refrain from giving the
people the best it has.
Evening star., 1941-01-23
Silver Garden

aciH not mourn because the
worid
Is silent in my garden now,
Nor erieve because no bird ,piN
To sing upon the frozen bonsh:
For veN / knoy the sno,O's whits
robe,
As whife as hyacinfhs in spring,
Has laid its fairy mantle on
The fowers tired from bIossonins.
A frosted Jungle has appeared
Cut out of marble, overnight,
And l am lost in this strange
,corld-
Enchanted by its binding Hehf.
Icicles hang upon the spruce
Like diamonds sparkling in the
sun;
The lilac trees stand down the
path
Outlined in crystal, one BY one.
No brush could paint the color of
Nv tall maenolia's new found
dress
No scord describe the ,Oonder Of
nv earden's Hluer loneliness!
WILLIAM ARNETTE woFFORD.
Evening star., 1941-01-23
Justice McReynoIds

The resignation of Justice James
Clark McReynolds will remove from
the Supreme Court the last of the
four 'irreconcilables" whose un-
yielding antagonism toppled the
early New Deal legislative structure,
and precipitated the historic court
packing" battle of 1887. The Ten
nessean, after nearly twenty-seven
years on the bench, joins in retire
ment Justices Willis Van Devanter
and George Sutherland; the fourth
OF the group, Justice Pierce Butler,
died late in 1889.
Characterized as a liberal-even
q radical-when appointed to the
Supreme Court in 1914 by President
Wilson, because of his record as a
"trust- t-buster" in the Justice Depart
ment, Justice McReynolds came to
be recognized as the most uncom-
promising foe of New Deal reform
on the high tribunal. Prior to the
term starting in October, 1886, he
voted a0ainst the administration on
thirteen straight occasions; in that
session, which was to witness Presi-
dent Roosevelt's effort to reconstruct
the court, he supported the New
Deal seven times and was against
it the same number, but his rulings
were favorable only in those in
stances when the court was unani-
nous.
When the court swung definitely
to New Deal support in the spring Of
1887 and validated labor relations
Evening star., 1941-01-23

@. Why was Edgar Allan Poe expelled
from West Point?-A. T.
A. The writer was admitted to West
Point on July l, 1880, his dismissal by
court-martial taking effect on March 8,
1881. The reasons cited we're a total
neglect OF his studies, drinking, and an
attempt to undermine discipline.
@. What animal substances are used
in perfume?-T. H.
A. Musk is the most important Of the
animal perfumes. 1t is a reddish brown
substance of the consistency of honey.
obtained from the musk deer. Ambergris,
from whales; civet, from the glands OF
the civet cat, and castor from the glands
OF the beaver are other animal SUBJ
stances used as perfumes.
Q. Please give brief explanation Of
the Monroe Doctrine-J. FIJI.
A. The Monroe Doctrine is essentially
a declaration by the United States of
opposition to any nom American action
encroaching upon the political inde-
pendence of any American State and to
the acquisition of any territory in the
Americas by any American power,
Q. What age is classed as youth?-
R. M. H.
A. Youth is defined as the period pre.
ceding maturity, usually from puberty
TO maturity. Some statisticians class
the age period from Is to "A, while other
authorities include the ages from "A
to "a.
Q. Please give some information about
the Anti-Steel Trap League-E. E. M.
A. The Anti-Steel Trap League. Inc.
founded in 1884 by 1t Comdr. Edward
Breck, is national organization devoted
to outlawing steel traps in the taking of
1ur-bearing animals. 1t favors the use
OF humane traps, new devices which
capture the animals unhurt and hold
them without undue pain. The league
sponsors legislation favoring this pro-
gram.
q. What is the difference between a
tnermal and hot spring?-R. C. M.
A. Springs are called thermal when
their waters show a temperature ex-
ceeding 10 degrees F.. Those whose
temperatures are above ss degrees ara
called hot.
Evening star., 1941-01-23
Recalls Expressions
Once Again Timely"

To the Editor Of The Star:
Now that the United States of America
again is engaged in bargaining with
Great Britain, the following statements
made by Sir James Barrie, when previous
bargaining was under consideration, and
the subsequent assertions regarding pros
trate France and the italian Army may
be regarded as timely topics.
Said Sir James, Our last wish: May
our countries, as so often in the past.
go on giving to each other, they to us
and we to them, the three best things
either Of us have-our love, our ladies
and our literature"
And when Clemenceau, the Tiger of
France. was trying to clarity events in
his own country, he declared, There are
three things that are unimportant-the
love affairs Of man of 80, the opinions
OF Poincare, and the Italian Army"
But just wait until Mussolini starts;
then. nothing can stop him. He says
50 himself. WIFI.
Evening star., 1941-01-23
Member of the Associated Press.
National Guard Hangar

With $3O0, ,O0O OF the required SS5U,-
600 already obtained, the District
National Guard needs only $4,000
more to assure its newly formed
aviation unit, the 121st Observation
Squadron, of a hangar and other
facilities at it's airfield in the Belts
vile Research Center. When the
District Guard last July was author
lied to organize this squadron, Gen.
-eral Albert L. Cox, commanding the
local Guard, applied to the President
for field and other training facili-
ties. The request was made direct
to the President because, under the
law, he, rather than the District
Commissioners, is designated as COM
mander in chief of the District of
Columbia Guard. In the States, the
Governors have supreme authority
over the Guard, except when it is
mustered into Federal service. De-
spite the fact that the Commis-
sionerS have no administrative con-
troll over the District Guard, the
President advised General Cox to
carry his request for field and
hangar to the District Building, pre-
sumably because funds for MAIN
tenance of the Guard are carried in
the District of Columbia budget. But
the District had no funds for such
a purpose, and General Cox was so
informed.
In the meantime, Guard officials
have pursued the matter further
with Federal authorities, and con-
siderable progress has been made
toward the squadron's goal. Orig
inal plans for utilization of facili-
ties at the new Washington National
Airport have been abandoned in
favor of development of new field
obtained at Beltsville through CO.
operation of the Agriculture and War
Departments. The Civil Aeronautics
Authority has allotted $125,0O0 for
preparation of the field and con-
struction of runways. This prelim-
mary work Is scheduled to be COM
pleted by next summer. Recogniz-
ing the Importance to the National
Capital of the new aviation unit, the
Secretary of War recommended that
the Work Projects Administration
lend assistance. The w. P. A. re-
sponded with an ALLEGATION of $780,
nm tou,ord nm cfr,1ntjoo of q hopoor
The National Guard Bureau con-
tributed $4,000 more. That leaves
$50,000 yet to be raised. 1t is i'm
possible for the w. P. A. to supply
this sum, for it is needed to pay for
skilled labor. The w. P A. funds
may be used for materials and un-
skilled labor only, it is pointed out.
In their dilemma, Guard officials
again have turned to the District
Building. They are seeking approval
of the Commissioners for a $4,000
sponsorship" appropriation from
District funds. Unless this money is
obtained soon from some source, it
is asserted, the whole undertaking
may collapse. There is a time limit
on the War Department and W. P. A.
allotments. 1t would be extremely
unfortunate if the Guards COM
mendable air defense project should
have to be abandoned for want of
SO small an amount of money The
121st Observation Squadron's thirty
two officers and 1876 enlisted men
deserve a home base in or close to
the Capital they are assigned to
protect. Despite the pressure of
other needs, it would seem possible
and desirable for the District to fur
nish $4,000 toward this project.
Evening star., 1941-01-23

obtained from a reflected light only
ive-millionth as strong as the back
ground light of the cloud. In the
brightest sunlight responses have been
obtained from heights of 1000 feet and
1t probably will be possible to survey
the heavens for distances Of at least
three miles.
Evening star., 1941-01-23
Nearby Meteorite

Most meteoriteS, attracted to the
surface Of the earth, are lost. The
smaller ones are consumed by fric-
ton and fall as dust. Larger masses
bury themselves too deep in the
ground to be retrieved. If the fire
ball" observed by residents of South
ern Maryland Tuesday night ever is
located, it probably will be a disap-
pointing curiosity. In size it almost
certainly would seem smaller than
has been suggested, while in weight
it ought to be heavier. Twisted and
rust-Stained, the lump" of nickel
iron, which some amateur aStron-
omers have imagined might be a
fragment from Cunningham comet,
is not likely to have much esthetic
appeal. Such objects commonly are
burnt out" before they come to rest.
What remains of their transient
glory is the memory of a beautiful
spectacle in the minds of those few
persons who witness the phenome-
non.
Perhaps the largest meteorite
known to science is buried in the
forests of North Central Siberia,
where it crashed on June 80, 1908.
Had this visitor from outer space"
landed in New York City, "all build
ings would have been demolished
and all life within a radius of fifty
miles would have been completely
destroyed" Evidence of it's capacity
for devastation is offered in the form
of report that it killed fifteen hun
dred reindeer.
Equally impressive is a similar
fragment whose grave" may be in
spected at Winslow, Arizona. The Ma
tional Geographic Magazine for
June, 1928, says: Zone must ap-
proach the mound, climb the half
mile slope, which rises one hundred
and fifty feet, and actually stand on
the crater rim to experience the awe
this tomb inspires. The bottom of
the crater is four hundred and forty
feet below the natural level of the
surrounding desert, five hundred and
seventy feet below the rim where
the observer first sees the complete
picture. The cliff at ones feet
shelves down almost vertically until
it reaches the slope of broken rock
and sand torn off the walls by
erosion. A trip to the bottom, one
rightly suspects, is an adventure of
inverted mountain climbing" Care
full measurement indicates that the
pit is forty-two hundred feet in
diameter, three miles in circumfer-
ence. The metal" is thought to be
hidden thirteen hundred feet below
the bottom Of the southern side of
the bowl.
Visiting the Winslow marvel is con-
venient to travellers over the modern
Santa Fe trail, and never to be for
gotten is the thrill of standing on the
rim while the shadows lengthen in
the crater at sunset. The silence is
eloquent. Everywhere in the vicinity
lies the scattered debris of a cata-
clySmic event which occurred be-
tween seven hundred and five thou
sand years ago. Unbroken quiet is
its aftermath. Time seems to halt
where once the planet staggered
from the impact of a missile almost
unexcelled in its history.
Meanwhile, the chance of a dan
gerous meteorite falling in the Dis
trict of Columbia is about one in q
billion billion.
=
Evening star., 1941-01-23
Hoskin's Answers
To Questions
BIZ Frederic J. Hdsktr.

A reader cnn get the dnsUer to any
question OF fact by writing The Eue-
ming Star Information Bureau, Fred
eric J. Hdskin. director, Washington,
D. C. Please fnclose stamp for reply.
@. What State has the largest per-
centage Of native-born white popula-
tion?-K. G.
A. North Carolina leads with 9s7 per
cent native born white inhabitants.
Q. Are there any islands in Great
Salt Lake?-T. c. J.
A. The lake contains nine islands, the
longest being 16 miles In length.
Q. Is tea harmful to athletes in train
ing?-M. K. c.
A. On the contrary, approximately 10
per cent Of all college football coaches
serve tea at training tables.
@. Who was the Oldest President to
take office? Who was the youngest
A. j. p.
A. William H. Harrison was the oldest
President, taxing ofice at the age Of SO.
Theodore Roosevelt was the youngest,
becoming President at the age Of a.
@. What is the Oregon Boundary
Treaty?-R. P. j.
A. The Oregon Boundary Treaty was
negotiated with Great Britain in l846.
1t settled the question of the boundary
between Canada and the United States,
from the Rocky Mountains westward.
The dividing line was fixed at the 4sth
parallel.
Q. Who was the earliest writer to
employ science in fiction?-A. NJ.
A. Savinien Cyrano de Bergerac was
the first writer to use the novel to teach
natural science, and was thus a fore
runner of Jules Verne and H. G. Wells.
O. What are the dimensions Of the
Chesapeake and Ohio Canal in Mary.
land?-M. K. B.
A. The canal is 184.5 miles long, The
width varies from go to 80 feet. 1t is
from 8 to 7 feet deep.
Evening star., 1941-01-23
Letters to the Editor

Letters to the Editor must
bear the name and address of
the 1oriter, although the use OF
q pSeudonym for publication is
permissible. The Star reserves
the rtght to edit all letters Uith
Uie1D to condensation.