davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1941-11-23

trapped in the triangle below Tobruk
had threatened to cut the large
force of German tanks to ribbons
The Germans and italians were
still holding their extreme left wing
positions about Salum and Halfaya
(Hellflre) Pass, and their extreme
right positions farther inland, how
ever
Flying FOrtresses in Action.
For the first time in African war
fare, built. four-motored
flying fortresses were being used to
blast Axis airfelds and depots far
behind the A~ont. while Hurricane
fighters, converted into bombers.
bombed and strafed at short range
from airfelds which only five days
ago were in German and Italian
territory
I'VE are flying so fast on our dives
that our bombs shoot out like shells
said one pilot. who told how the
Hurricanes were being used as ar
tillery. Bombs which exploded above
the ground were being used against
troop columns.
An r. A. F. officer returning from
the front said tonight, Il counted
46 fighters going out to strafe Gam
but. a big Nazi base. All but two
returned.
Our bombers are having field
day. They knock out tanks, even
guns. I talked to a pilot who went
on a big raid against enemy posi-
tions near Tobruk. His first bomb
hit a tank which burst into flames.
He then went on to an anti-aircraft
gun and knocked it out clean.
Tank Victories Claimed.
The British military spokesman
said the British have won every one
of the numerous tank engagements
so far. The British were said to
have been able to retain possession
of each battlefield, thus recovering
damaged tanks.
1t was understood the great tank
battle for Libya may last another
two or three days.
The aim of the British command
is to destroy the German tank force
in Libya and that is what we are
doing at the moment" declared
high British Army officer.
British infantry attacking the
Evening star., 1941-11-23
District Man Wounded
At Inn at Bowie

Leo Francis Coyne So, of the
200 block of Fifth street NE, was
admitted to Casualty Hospital with
gunshot wounds in both legs. re-
ceived, according to police, at the
Green Front Inn at Bowie, Nd, last
night.
Prince Georges County police said
Mr.. Coyne was shot by a colored
man whose identity was not known
and who fled before police arrived.
Members of the Glendale Rescue
Squad, who took Mr. Coyne to the
hospital, said one bullet passed
through the upper part Of the left
leg and lodged in the upper part Of
the right leg.
Evening star., 1941-11-23
Fort Capuzzo, Salum and Gabr

Fort Capuzzo, Salum and Gabr
Saleh.
While the British tanks were at
tacking these areas from the rear,
British artillery and infantry at
tackled from the Salum-Sidi Omar
front and kept the Axis forces tied
down to their positions.
In their triangle, the Germans
were believed to have concentrated
about two divisions, equipped with
about $50 tanks to hold the border
region and perhaps to launch a
new assault on Tobruk which never
came off because the British antici-
pated German Gen. Erwin Rommel.
Comparatively few German tanks
were believed to have been left be-
hind at depots west Of the present
battle area.
Tobruk Recently Reinforced.
The Tobruk garrison, recently re-
inforCed by arrival of Poles, was
heavily supported by tanks pains
takinglv landed at night for the
past several weeks from the shall
iow-draft boats which have been
the lifeline of the besieged garrison
throughout the hot summer.
This secondary drive at the Ger
man and italian rear was said to
have dug through three miles of
Axis positions In southern direc-
ton and to be making continued
progress.
Heavy opposition from tank forces
was vet to be overcome, however.
before they could join hands with
other British forces which had
reached Rezegh Airfeld, but 10
miles south to Tobruk.
The Tobruk garrison had with
stood countless air raids. many tank
attacks. sWarms of desert insects
and the discomfort of the summer
desert since it was cut of by land
forces last April II when Axis forces
surged eastward and took back all
the rest Of Libya from British forces
weakened by the withdrawal to
Greece.
Throughout the long weeks of
siege, however. 1t had been thorn
in the side Of the Axis desert troops.
obliging them to keep large forces
before the stronghold, and had har-
assed Axis lines of communications
to the east.
Evening star., 1941-11-23

emily in the very nick Of time, the
removal OF Gen. Maxine Weygand
from his post as commander In chief ,
of the French African forces. 1t
remains to be seen whether their
purpose in doing so is positive or
merely negative.
On the one hand they may now
be bringing pressure TO bear on
Marshal Petain for actual French
assistance in Libya; it is hard to
see from what other source they
could hope TO get any immediate
help. Or they may be trying to
get the French feet TO cover the
dispatch of reinforcements to Africa
to be sent through Tunisian ports.
1t is most unlikely that Gen. Wey-
gand would have consented to
either of these steps.
On the other hand, the fact that
French authority in North and West
Africa has now been divided into
two military commands, plus civil
ian secretary general, suggests the
German purpose may rather be to
JltfCllI oil dulltI tIlCt VI IIfiiIll
Africa to the British cause when
Sir Alan Cunningham armored
spearheads reach the Tunislan
frontier. The Germans know we'll
how to use the ancient Roman prin-
cipal Of divide and rule.
Or it may be possible that the
Germans are planning an advance
toward the Strait of Gibraltar and
Morocco through Spain and Portu-
gal. Recently their radio propa-
ganda has been busy with reports
OF British troop concentrations in
the British West African colonies,
and the Germans have been claim
ing that these British moves are
causing great anxiety in Portugal
as TO the safety" OF the Portuguese
colonies. II is possible that the
Germans will now discover that
Portugal needs to be protected
and will proceed 10 take the neces-
Sary measures to defend that
country and Spain against the evil
purposes of Britain and America.
tCopyr!eht. l94l, New York Tribune. IncD
Evening star., 1941-11-23
British Victory in Libyo Seen
Likely to Bolster Turk Stand
WoveII Also Would Be Able to Give Whole
Attention to Near East, Eliot Says

ried on by the r. A. F. against both
Bengasi and Tripoli. and against
ports in Italy and Sicily, to prevent
reinforcements and supplies being
sent via ship to Libya. 1t may be
presumed that the Mediterranean
feet is also actively engaged in cut
ting these Axis communications.
OF course. the whole operation is
as yet only in its preliminary stages,
and reverses may occur. However,
surprise seems to have been achieved
and the coordination of every ele-
ment concerned seems admirable.
The character of the British equip
ment and its tactical handling also
appear to be first rate.
With the reservation, therefore,
that nothing is certain in desert
warfare until the enemy has been
destroyed or has surrendered, it may
be useful to examine what the re-
suits of complete British victory
will be.
WavelI Will Be Relieved.
First Of all, Gen. Sir Archibald P.
Wavell will be relieved of anxiety
as to the safety of Egypt and the
Suez Canal and will be able to turn
his complete attention to the de-
tense OF the Caucasus and the Near
East. The German capture of Ros-
tov emphasizes the need for COM
plete freedom of action in this
general area.
Second, the position of Turkey will
be made stronger and the Turkish
government will be less likely TO be
| impressed by German threats, both
because the British will continue TO
exercise command of the sea in the
eastern Mediterranean and because
Gen. Wavell will be able to give
the Turks stronger support if they
are attacked by the Germans. The
question Of prestige is also involved.
and the Turkish mind is much more
likely 10 be impressed by a clear
cut British victory over the Germans
in Libya than by a dozen German
set-backs in Russia.
Tnlrd. a Way may be opened for
further British offensive operations
in the central Mediterranean when
the time is ripe for them-offensive
directed against Sicily or Sardinia
or against Italy itself.
Fourth, the complete election Of
the Axis forces from Libya, when
and if it is accomplished. cannot
fail to have profound effect on
the attitude of the French Army
and the French and native popu-
lations in French North Africa.
March Stolen on British.
In this last connection the Ger
mans appear TO have stolen a march
on the British in securing, appar-
Evening star., 1941-11-23

the navy, and Gen. Maxine Ger
main, inspector general Of colonial
troops, have gone to North Africa
Darlan Interim Secretary.
That the two cabinet secretaries
may stay for long time was in
dicated by two DEGREES making Vice
Premier Jean Darlan interim sec
retary for the two posts.
Authorized sources pointed out
that the Mediterranean became
the center of international interest
during the past week" The implica-
ton was clear that events in Vichy
and French North Africa were
bound up with the interna tional
situation caused by the British at
tack in Libya.
Evening star., 1941-11-23
Duce 10 Join Hitler
In Petain Par|eys,
Rome Radio Says
British Drive in Libyo
Declared to Have Roised
Nuzi Pressure on Vichy
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
NEW YORK, Nov. 22.-The Rome
radio said tonight that Premier
Mussolini would participate in
conference with Adolf Hitler and
Marshal Petain to be held soon
somewhere in France" N. B. c.
heard the broadcast.
The British offensive in Libya is
resulting in intensified German pres
sure on France for air bases and
routes of supply and reinforcement
to withstand the drive, sources in
Europe informed the Associated
Press.
The upShot may be that the
Vichy government of Marshal Pc
tain will be given a formal peace
settlement to replace the uneasy
armistice which has regulated their
relations since June, 1910.
In return. Germany would expect
sweeping concessions in North Africa
which would be useful in fighting the
British drive.
Adherence to New Order Seen.
The authorized report from Vichy
today that Marshal Petain Is 60
ing to the German occupied zone OF
France soon TO meet high Ger
man parsonage" perhaps Hitler,
strengthened the opinion of many
European observers that formal ad-
herence of the Vichy government to
the so-called new order probably
will be announced before long
That something momentous in the
relations between Germany and
France is pending was further en-
phasized today by a White House
statement that Germany is planning
for December or January general
European conference which would
draw up some high sounding for
mula of economic rehabilitation and
restoration Of independence for all
European nations
Stephen Early. President Roose-
velts press secretary, said the con-
ference should be discounted in ad-
vance by persons who oppose mill
tary domination Of the continent.
The German idea, he said, was "a
series of puppet states throughout
Europe with Germany always hold
ing the strings"
Presumably some kind of perma-
nent arrangement with Frence
would be the cornerstone of any plan
Hitler has Of organizing the CONT
nent.
The French may be able. however,
10 bargain over the concessions they
are obliged to give before entering
Hitler's new order.
Proposals Reported Rejected.
One unconfrmed report from Eu-
rope said the French had already
rejected German proposals 10 con-
voy Italian supply ships in the
Mediterranean with the French fleet.
Another report said the Germans
were proposing that 100000 French
soldiers be recruited to take over
policing of conquered areas in So
Wet Russia next spring.
The retirement of Gen. Maxine
Weyeand, delegate-general in North
Africa. was believed generally to
have facilitated any arrangement
regarding use of African bases on
which Marshal Petain and Hitler
may agree.
Dispatches from Vichy said a
number of Frances highest ranking
commanders and officials already
were distributed in the African ter
ritorles, perhaps to guard against |
any unrest that may have been Gre
ated by Gen. Weygand's retirement
and the British upsurge IN neighbor-
ing Llbya, or perhaps to pave the
way for Axis lnfiltratinn
Evening star., 1941-11-23
Sources in Viehy Admit
Petoin Will Make Trip

VICHY. Unoccupied France. Nov.
% tPy.-Authorlzed sources acknowl-
edged today that Chief of State Mar
shall Petain is going to meet "a high
German parsonage" in Occupied
France amid indications of immi-
nent developments in the Mediter-
ranean area involving not only Ger
many. Italy and France but Spain
as well.
At the same time semi official
Evening star., 1941-11-23
British Attacking
VioIent|yin Tobruk
Area, Italy Reports
Strong Assaults Also
Made Deep in Libyon
Desert, Rome Says
By the Associated Press.


ROME, Sunday, Nov. 23.-Violent
new British attacks in the Toburk
sector of the Libyan battlefront we're
reported early today by the official
Stetani agency.
The British were said to have
struck out with armored forces aft
er intense artillery preparation in
attacks which lasted throughout yes
terdsy. The agency said Italian
troops met British tank charges with
hand grenades and declared the
British had failed to gain positive
results"
British Attack Strongly.
A strong new attack on the the
italian Ariete (Battering RAM Divi-
sion deep within the Libyan desert
was acknowledged yesterday by
Stefani which said the British were
broadening their 90-nile offensive
front.
The agency's front correspondent
indicated the Axis troops were strik-
ing back with hard counterattacks
and reported the destruction or cap
ture of many British vehicles and
the taking of many prisoners.
Fierce, day-long efforts of the
Tobruk garrison to open breach
through Axis siege lines, the dis
patch said, were frustrated by the
Italians.
The dispatch described British
losses in fighting on the Ariete divi-
sions sector as heavy. The agency
previously had reported the British
halted there.
Two L. S. Planes Felled.
Stefani said Italian and German
planes, working effectively with
the land forces to beat back the
British, had destroyed a number of
tanks and trucks.
Italian fighters reported shooting
down two American-made Curtiss
planes in air combats. Italian
bonbers also claimed hits on the
British defenses at Tobruk.
without admitting the loss of
specific italian positions, an au-
thoritative source said "a British
menace does exist" He accused the
British of serious inaccuracies" In
their Cairo communique.
Four Reasons for Drive.
Stefani said the British had these
four reasons for launching their
Libyan offensive:
/. To open a second front against
the Axis to satisfy demands for aid
to Russia.
2. To rupture the Axis by putting
Italy out Of the war.
3. To free British Mediterranean
forces for defense Of the Caucasian
oil fields.
4. Breaking Of the siege of To-
bruk, the immediate objective, and
effect the conquest of all of Libya
and absolute mastery of the Medi-
terranean."
Evening star., 1941-11-23
~. S.-Mode Tanks
| Draw Tribute From
| British Official

BY the Associated Press.
CAIRO. Egypt. Nov. 90
made tanks, receiv-
ing their first real test under
war conditions in the British
offensive in Libya, drew this
tribute tonight from British
official:
They have proved very fast,
absolutely reliable and fully
justified themselves. In word,
they've done fine work and we
are glad to acknowledge it."
Evening star., 1941-11-23
BY MAI. GEORGE FIELDING
ELIOT.

The British offensive in Libya
has been magnificiently timed. 1t
has struck, apparently with COM
plete surprise, at the precise mo-
ment when the Germans were
making a major thrust for Moscow
and renewing their offensive on
Rostov. Thus the Germans will
find great difficulty in rushing to
North Africa the only type OF re-
enforcement which can get there
quickly and certainly-air forces.
ANY major withdrawal Of air
power from the Russian front at
such a time would be most diff
cult, if not impossible, and the evi-
dent British air superiority in
Africa seems likely TO remain un-
challenged, at least for the present.
The British thrust from Sidi
Omar to Tobruk seems on the point
of establishing contact with the
garrison of the latter place, cutting
off the Axis forces between Tobruk
and the frontier; these include, ac-
cording to British reports, the
greater part Of the German armored
troops, and the position of these
troops, with their line of communi-
cations completely severed, and un-
able even to obtain water, vergeS
on the desperate. The spectacle of
a German "PanzerkorpS' surrender
ing in the open field may thus be
afforded a world which has been
sadly in need of just such a spec
tacular and impressive victory.
Aim to Destroy Forces.
The words of the British official
spokesman are worthy of note 1t
/ is not, he says. the British objec-
/ tive TO reach TObruk or any other
place, but 10 destroy every German
tank in Africa. In other words,
the British in Libya, like the Ger
mans in Russia are seeking to de-
stroy the enemy's fighting power
rather than attain any particular
geographical objective.
If the British are able to wipe
out the Axis forces in the area be-
tween Tobruk and the Egyptian
frontier, the way will be open for
them to repeat Sir Henry Maitland
Wilson's advance to Bengazi, with
comparatively little opposition to be
encountered. The German armored
troops are the backbone of the Axis
forces in Africa, and once they are
disposed of, no one expects a great
deal of hard fighting from the
Italians, whose one armored division
has already been severely handled.
1t is to be noted that large scale
bombing operations are being car
Evening star., 1941-11-23
Mediterranean Is Focus.

The Government still denied
Marshal Petain would 60 to the
occupied zone, but authorized
sources admitted there was a
parallel between the journey and
the one he made in October. 1910
TO meet Adolf Hitler at Montolre,
That the Mediterranean will be
the focus of the mOmentous steps
was admitted by authorized sources
as the highest ranking French Off
GERS in the past few days have
spread throughout Frances North
African possessions.
Following Gen. Weygands re-
tirement. Rear Admiral Rene Platon,
colonial secretary: Gen. Jean Berg
eret, air secretary: Rear Admiral
Auphand, commander in chief of
Evening star., 1941-11-23

reply to United States charges that
Adolf Hitler dictated the resigna-
ton of Gen. Maxine Weygand AS
pro-consul in North Africa said
Gen. Weygand's resignation was
only a change in personnel and
should not alter French American
relations. 1t added that the United
States statement represented a
change of attitude by the State
Department"
The United States State De-
partment. in statement released
in the United States, said the
French government had ac-
Quiesced Ito the express demands
of Hitler" in removing Gen. Wey-
gand and that the United States
would have to restudy its rela-
tions with France in view of signs
that France was moving closed
to GERMANY
Evening star., 1941-11-23
Legislation

Continued From First Page1
Evening star., 1941-11-23
Allies Win Copuzzo; Tank Battle Ruges

Continued From First Page J
Evening star., 1941-01-26
Price Advances Check
Textile Order Rush
b. the Associated Press.

NEW YORK, Jan 25.-The weeks
business in print cloths and related
items was estimated at between As
100000 and 50,OOO0OO yards, but tex
tile brokers suggested it would have
been considerably larger except for
the strength of prices.
Most popular constructions became
well established at Il a cent a yard
higher in volume approaching 200
per cent of current production.
A large part of the business was
for second-quarter delivery, with
fabrics for spot delivery bringing
premiums. Coarse goods also had
heavy turnover.
Woolen goods traders expressed
the opinion a majority of require
ments in the piece goods field would
be covered within the next two
weeks. and price schedules continued
to run around 25 cents a yard above
a year ago.
A further tightening in the deliv-
cry situation in the wooden piece
goods industry resulted from some
mill labor diSlocation due to a spread
of influenza.
Rayon goods markets continued
busy but demand narrowed with
finished fabrics moving in better
volume. Silk piece goods remained
quiet.
Evening star., 1941-01-26
1910 Farm Cash Income
Above Nine Billions
Py the Associated Press.

Ey tne ASSOCldteQ PRESS.
The Agriculture Department has
estimated that farmers received a
total cash income, including Gov
eminent benefit payments, of So
094,00O,O00 in 1910 This was an
increase of $576,0O0,0O0 over 1899.
Income from crops totaled S3,504,-
100000 in 1910, an 8 per cent in
crease over 1899. Income from live
stock and livestock products totaled
S4 824 900 ,000-alSo an increase of
8 per cent over 1889.
Government payments totaled
$766 100000 compared with S8O7,-
100000 in 1899.
The department said that farm
income in January may be slightly
larger than year earlier due to
slightly higher prices for meat prod
uCtS.
Income in December was esti-
mated at s837,OOOOOO compared with
S80l 100000 in December, 1899, and
S942 900 900 in November, 1910.
The farm income by classes of
products for 1889 and 1910, re-
SpeCtively, included:
Grains, S878,O00,OOO and 1895, ,OOO,-
600; cotton and cottonSeed, $780,
900 900 and S677000.0O0; fruits,
S4l3,000000 and S426,OOO 900: vege-
tables, s582000,00O and s625 900 900:
tobacco, 1854 100000 and s241 ,OOO,-
600; meat animals. S2,262 1000 900
and s2,419,0OO000; dairy products,
,355,OO00O0 and sl,502,OOO 900. and
poultry and eggs, s722,OO0,OOO and
s748,0 100000.
Evening star., 1941-01-26
Cotton Looms Reach
S137,339,329 Mark
By the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
The Commodity Credit Corp. an
nounced that growers had stored
through January 90 2.851 ,029 bales
of 1940-grown cotton under Gov
ernment price -bolstering loans total
Ing sl37,339329.
Loans by States included:
Alabama, 1850 bales and S.
393,790 Arizona, 49. .496 and 50 353,-
575: Arkansas, 104,267 and S4952,-
954; California, 225,840 and S11,278,-
978: Florida. Isl and 1890; Georgia,
156883 and s7,513 9O6; Louisiana, 97,-
O74 and S4.695 734; Mississippi, g.
882 and s3166.110; Missouri, 9,603
and S446,509; New Mexico, 4.568 and
S2l2231; North Carolina. 38,070 and
S1804 1856; Oklahoma, 153929 and
S7,276,749: South Carolina, 113,400
and S5,737242; Tennessee, 1886 and
S596.382; Texas, 1,396,156 and $685.
e67459, and Virginia, 684 and s32,-
s70.
Loans by co-operatives totaled
S149O2,778 on 307,22O bales.
Evening star., 1941-01-26
Transit Riders Average
Million a Day More
Special Dispatch to The Star.

DReNAai blSpdlNll W HC SNdL'
NEW YORK, Jan. 25.-Passengers
carried by transit lines in the United
States averaged nearly one million
more every working day last year
than In 1899, according to figures
presented by Transit Journal IN it's
annual review issue, published to-
day.
This brought the total number Of
transit riders in 1910 to 5000 =
900, the largest number of any year
since 1881. Greater industrial ac-
tlvity, largely in connection with
the national defense program, was
the major factor responsible for the
increase in transit riding.
Not all types of transit service
shared equally in the increase in
business. Generally speaking, the
riding on street railways showed a
gain only in the large cities. Riding
on trolley buses and urban motor
buses. on the other hand, showed
gains in cities of all sizes. Rapid
transit riding showed a small drop,
due prlcipally to the demolition of
elevated railways in New York.
The relative Importance OF the va
rious types of transit service showed
no significant changes last year from
the year before, according to the
analysis. Street railways retained
first place in the urban passenger
transportation field, carrying As per
cent of the total number of riders.
Motor buses were second with 80 per
cent SubwayS and elevated rail-
way lines were third with 18 per
cent. The trolley bus, the most re-
Gently developed type of transit We
hicle. showed the greatest propor-
tlonate increase, but, even so. ac-
counted for only 4 per cent of the
total riding.