davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1941-06-03

Leonard Sawyer and his daugh-
ter-in-law, MRS. Everett Sawyer,
who had been in Miami visiting
Mrs. Sawyer, ST., who was in st.
Francis Hospital recovering from
an operation, returned to Key
West yesterday. Mrs. Sawyer has
recovered sufficiently to be re-
moved to the home of her sister,
Mrs. Joseph Cruz, in Miami.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1941-06-03

Claude A. Gandolfo, county tax
assessor, left yesterday with Mrs.
Gandolfo for Miami, where she
will undergo medical treatment.
He is expected to return late to-
day or tomorrow.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1941-06-03
THE WEATHER

Observation taken at 7:30 a. M,
18th Mer. Time (city office
Tamuerafures
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1941-06-03

Wind Direction and Velocity
SE-5 miles per hour
Relative Humidity
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1941-06-03

Mrs. Manuel Perez left over the
highway yesterday for Miami for
a visit of a few weeks. Mrs.
Perez was formerly Miss Effie
Roberts of this city.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1941-06-03

The Citizen, in editorial para
graphs, said:
Opening on Monday of the
pineapple canning plant was an
event of far more than passing
moment to every Key Wester.
There is reason to hope that this
may come to outrank anything
on the island. And this city
needs nothing more than pay
rolls. -"
ut was unfortunate that the
county ferry should have gone
aground, but it was something
for which nobody really could be
blamed. 1t has been known the
hazard was there. but expendi-
ture sum needed to remove il
could not be justified under the
circumstances.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1941-06-03

The Rev. Alfred De Barritt will
be on vacation during June, ii
was announced today. He will
spend the month with his daugh-
ter, Lucette, in Matanzas, Cuba.
Evening star., 1941-07-14

to the world on the battleflelds
Of Europe, Africa and the Near East.
We have learned these lessons, up
to now, at small cost to ourselves.
But fate may not always treat us
with so much consideration. In q
world currently ruled by force, 1t is
essential to our security, perhaps even
to our very existence, not only to
keep abreast of others in military
developments, but to forge ahead of
others. This means, ofttimes, the
scrapping of traditions and preju-
diceS and the testing Of new ideas
and new techniques. With all of
our resources of classroom, labora-
tory and factory, there is no reason
why America should have to take
lessons from any one in the grim
but unfortunately necessary science
of warfare.
Evening star., 1941-07-14
ton, which contended that there has

tion, which contended that there has
been practically no enforcement be-
cause of confusion due to joint re-
sponsibility between the county COM
missioners, the States attorneys Of
flee and the MarylandNational Cap
ital Park and Planning Commission.
The county has gone to consider
able trouble to enact a zoning code
for the protection Of home owners
and business interests, but its value
has been lessened because of the diff
f1culties of enforcing its provision.
In moving to end this defect through
the appointment of Mr.. Austin,
Montgomery authorities announced
that they already have list of zon-
ing violation complaints. These in
clude alleged use of singlefamily
residences by two or more families,
improper use of car lots, use of large
buildings as apartment houses, and
use of buildings not containing
proper fire safeguards.
The authorities have indicated that
violators will be warned at first, but
if conditions are not corrected, pros
ecution will follow.
Mr. Austin is a former congress
sional secretary who also has served
on the engineering staff of the Park
and Planning Commission and is
said to possess the technical knoWl-
edge required for his work.
1t should be noted that the sue
cessful enforcement of the zoning
regulations requires impartial and
vigorous handling of all cases. If
this be done, Mr.. Austin will have
taken full advantage of his unusual
opportunity to make a valuable con-
tribution to the progress of his
county.
Evening star., 1941-07-14
Water Cote Symphony

Wearing garment made of rhpthmic
sound,
Sott-tooted night spreads purple
on the hills
While fo,Ding Uater, -mooned
and crowned
With silent craft, mores as the
maestro ,Dills
His Diolins to pattern harmony.
Midsummer meets her lore phen
harp and flute
Pierce through the crystal sphere of
memory
And feed the human spirit DEATH
less fruit.
When homing planes let stlrer mark
their trail
They blend their ,rtnd-song ,rtth
throbbing chord
MoDing to Gilman. We try to lift
the peil
OF doubt and hear truth speak
NTH unsheathed s,Dord
Then comes sudden hush, q
cudenced peace
The Doice OF summer stars intones
release.
IvELYN NoRcRoSS SHERRlLL.
Evening star., 1941-07-14
Member Of the Associated Press.
Police Tests

The Civil Service Commission is
to be commended for its sharp re-
joinder to the wholly unfounded and
uniformed criticism of its police
promotion examinations. This criti-
cism, expressed in the course of the
police investigation last week, tended
to place the blame for incompetent
personnel in the detective bureau on
the civil service tests. The Civil Serv-
ice Commission points out the obvious
fact that critics did not know the ma
ture of the examinations which they
ridiculed.
AS a matter of fact, the eXamina-
tionS are manifestly necessary. Ger
tainly no police officer should be
considered for promotion without
demonstrating a knowledge of po-
lice regulations on which the written
examinations are based. The COM
mission points out that in eXamina-
tions for promotions, now required
by law, the written test on police
regulations counts fifty per cent and
efficiency, determined by the Po-
lice Department itself, counts fifty
per cent. To do away with the
tests, as Chairman Schultz sug-
gested, would invite favoritism and
political pressure in selections for ap-
pointment.
There often is tendency to de-
nounce the civil service merit system
and its examinations by those who
find such criticism a convenient
method of shifting the blame for
incompetency. The current effort to
improve conditions in the depart
ment has been helped by the Civil
Service Commissions prompt and
effective showing that without its
examinations the detective bureau
would undoubtedly need even more
drastic reorganization than is now
contemplated.
Evening star., 1941-07-14
THIS AND THAT
By Charles Z. Trdce1pell.

to the level of the ground, so well con-
cealed that it is impossible to see it.
The nest is made of grass, leaves and
bits Of branch, lined with grasses and
rootlets; the eggs are four in number,
white, or white tinted with pink,
sprinkled with light chestnut.
The cowbird'S eggs somewhat resemble
those of the towhee, which is unfortu-
nate for the honest towhee, for the cow
bird seems to prefer to lay her eggs
in toWhee's nest.
Since they somewhat resemble the
eggs of the towhee, the latter does not
detect the difference.
1t is said that coWbirds seek out the
towhee nests in preference to any other.
In addition to being prime scratcher,
the towhee has another popularity
which is almost unique. 1t is that Of
being seemingly indifferent when any
one approaches its nest.
1t is we'll known that most birds often
reveal the presence of their nest by
much crying and futtering if any one
comes within IS to 20 feet of it.
Some species put on the broken
wing" trick, fluttering away with one
side dragging the ground in order to lure
away the intruder, especially If an
animal.
The towhee, on the other hand, makes
no move or sound, when it sees some
one coming close.
IF iS va,
| Whether this is due to brain power, or
| just through instinct, is not known
Once the nest is discovered, however
| the towhee seems as upset as any bird
The whole performance would seem tc
indicate reasoned intelligence.
The towhee comes back in the rain
| to get at the insects in the lawn. He
eats beetles and larvae, ants, moths
grasshoppers, f1ys and earthworms.
We saw him select an earthvorm dur.
ing the rain, and bring 1t up and out a,
cleverly as robin, without half the
flourish.
He is in all ways a sedate bird The
female is similarly colored, but has tht
black head and back replaced by brown
There has never been but the one birc
in the yard.
Winter before last he remained fol
many months, coming to the feeding
station by the dining room window
There he held his own very well, moi
being at all nasty about it, but simply
refusing to get out for starlings, jay:
or any other bird
He would make a short rush at them
driving them away, when he would &c
back to eating in his usually sedate
fashion.
There are few finer birds than the
towhee. Any yard which has a towhet
has lone of the finest" to be sure
Often it stays all year, and in such
instances may be regarded as a perma-
nent resident. Migrating specimens ap.
pear toward the last of March anc
leave about the last of October.
Evening star., 1941-07-14
Triumph-Romun StyIe

The people OF Italy last Saturday
were treated to the following tri-
umphal announcement by the Rome
radio:
italian planes successfully raided
Gibraltar and all machines returned
to Italy safely after sinking three
British destroyers and leaving half
of the Rock in flames following a
petrol dump explosion"
This announcement may have been
good for Roman morale, but it was
very bad for the dispositions Of the
citizens OF La Linea, a Spanish town
some five miles from Gibraltar. It
seems that there had been no planes
over Gibraltar, nor had any bombs
been dropped. But single plane,
presumably an Italian ship which
had missed it's mark, dropped a
number of bombs on La Linea, killing
eight and wounding nineteen
Spaniards.
To the outraged citizens of La
Linea the Rome announcement Of
the imaginary triumph at Gibraltar
was in the nature of adding insult to
injury, and the City Council is de-
manding that pro-Axis Madrid lodge
a strong protest with the Italian
government.
Under all the circumstances, 1t
would be interesting to measure the
effect on Italian morale if the truth
of this latest Roman triumph were
to become known to II Duce's people.
Evening star., 1941-07-14
Armistice in Syria

Inc reported lnltlallng OF an drml-
stice bringing to an end the war in
Syria-if true-marks the successful
conclusion of an important offensive
defensive campaign.
British and Free French forces
| marched into Syria five weeks ago,
following the fall of Crete and the
receipt of information in London
that the Vichy government, under
Nazi pressure, was permitting Ger
man agents and German Warplanes
to enter Syria. The threat, at that
time, seemed to be serious one.
A successful German drive into
Syria would have netted a base from
which the NaziS might have organ
lied expeditions against the oil
fields of Iraq and Iran, and from
which they seriously could have
threatened the Suez Canal and the
entire Nile Basin. In the face OF
this seeming danger, Britain, having
learned by bitter experience that the
advantage in modern war lies with
him who strikes first, took the ini-
tiative against the Syrian colonial
forces that remained loyal to Vichy.
At first, the British and the Free
French moved cautiously, evidently
hoping that the defending forces
would not offer more than formal
resistance. When this hope was
dashed by the determined stand of
the defending forces, the tempo of
the attack was stepped up until the
commander of the Vichy forces, Gen.
Henri Fernand Dentz, hopelesly cut
off from supplies and reinforcements,
asked for suspension of hostilities
last week. There followed a period
of uncertainty during which the
British armistice terms allegedly were
rejected by the Vichy government,
but, if the latest report be correct, it
seems now that some mutually
satisfactory compromise has been
worked out.
With Syria firmly in British hands,
the situation in the Near East is
clarified. Britain now controls all
the Arab lands with the exception
OF neutral Saudi Arabia, and has &C
quired common frontier with Tur-
key, her nominal ally. Unless the
Germans overrun Russia and cross
the Caucasus, they can no longer
strike at Britain through Syria. Only
from Libya do they menace the Brit
ish by land, and, with the Syrian
problem solved, Britain can concen-
trate all available forces for defense
against any thrust from Libya.
Syria's future political status is
not settled, however. For the time
being it obviously must remain under
British military occupation, though
this may be disguised by technical
Free French control.
1t should be remembered that Syria
did not form part of the French
colonial empire, but was a mandate
from the League of Nations. At the
start Of the campaign just concluded
it was reported that the Syrians had
been promised eventual independ-
ence, and that would seem to tally
with British policy which is designed
to rally support in all the Arab lands.
Independence for Syria, however,
like all other plans, must remain
provisional for the time being. as
they are contingent upon the final
o11tcone of tho uyor
Evening star., 1941-07-14

Rainy weather brought the towhee
back to our garden.
He had been away for nearly year,
after spending many months with us.
This beautiful bird is one of the
prime favorites of all who know him.
Sometimes called the ground robin,
he is a symphony in black, golden red
and white.
He is slightly smaller than q robin,
much more refined looking bird in
every way, with the jolly habit Of
scratching vigorously for his food.
Just why the wet weather brought him
back, we are not sure, but think it was
angle worms.
Probably he had some dim recollec-
ton of lawn where the scratching
was good.
In the woods, after all, birds do not
have lawns.
And grass is something they very
much like. Many of them prefer lawn
to anything else, except a tree.
A tree is every birds favorite.
A lawn is next, in the estimation OF
robins, towhees, wood thrushes and the
various sparroWs.
There is no finer sight on any lawn
than song sparrow calmly going across
grass, coming to within few feet OF
humans, and so much farther from
cats. Birds do not put up the fuss
about cats that some humans do. Cats
are just a part of their world 1t il
man, glorious man, once thought to be
just little lower than the angels, who
upsets the bird world, as we'll as his owr
world.
The towhee is often called the
chewink
He is the same bird by either name
and beauty. any way you call him
Our own particular specimen wa.
right out in the middle of the yard ir
the heaviest rain.
He was scratching around with thu
motion all his own. 1t is slightly differ.
ent from the scratching of the fox spar.
row. The latter Is the "scratchingest'
Of all birds Even the towhee does no
get in so many licks.
The white-throated sparrow alsc
scratches a bit, but is far behind botf
the fox sparrow and the towhee wher
1t comes to this henlike activity.
It's two most common names, towhet
and chewink, are supposed to have beer
given 1t on account of its call.
1t is a sort of chirp, and to many
ears "chewink' better puts it than any.
thing else. but here again We face tn,
difficulty of using human-made syllable'
to represent bird notes.
The bird has a song, too, and thi
has been put down as "hip-you, he-he
he-he." If that means anything to you
1t doesn't to us. though no less ar
authority than Thoreau, himself, is re.
sponsible for 1t.
The nest is on the ground. usually
under clump Of grass. 1t is often sunl
Evening star., 1941-07-14
Huskin's Answers
To Questions
Bu Frederic J. HdSktn


A reader can get the ansUer to any
question OF fact by Urittng The Eue-
ming Star Information Bureau, Fred
eric J. HdSkin, director, Washington,
&C. Please inclose stamp for reply.
@. How many automobile trsilers are
in use in the United States?-C. r. A.
A. 1t is estimated that there are ap-
proximately 100000 trailer coaches in
use for commercial, Government, pleas
ure and temporary housing purposes.
@. Where is the largest collection Of
Arabian horses in the United States3
H. Y. T.
A. The w. K. Kellogg Institute Of
Animal Husbandry at Pomona, Calf,
is the largest Arabian horse center.
This 650-acre ranch is one of the
Every Sunday afternoon special shows
are given in which highly trained horses
demonstrate various gaits and diflcult
tricks
@. How many copies OF Winston
Churchill's Blood, Sweat and Tears
have been sold?-K. F. NJ.
A. A quarter million copies Of the
book have been sold
c. How old is Archibald MacLeish,
the librarian of Congress?-H. D. S.
A. Mr.. MacLeish is 49 years old.
@. Where is Bugbug?-K. H. N.
A Bugbug is a town in Egypt near
the Libyan frontier.
@. Where was the first Eucharistic
Congress held?-W. D. B.
A. The worlds first Eucharistic Con-
gress met at Lille, France, in 1881.
Evening star., 1941-07-14
Draws Line Between
House and Senate Representation.

To the Editor Of The Star:
On July The Star carried the text
Of a proposed constitutional amend
ment permitting Congress to provide for
representation in Congress and the
Electoral College for the District Of
Columbia.
Since representation in the House Of
Representatives is determined on pop
ulation basis. there is no real reason why
the District should not have the two
Representatives it is entitled to on the
basis of the recent census. The citizens
of the District fail to understand why
they are denied representation in their
National Government when the same
privilege is extended to hundreds of thou
sands OF aliens in, say, New York City
These aliens are counted in the popu-
lation of the States when determining
the several States proportion of the
membership Of the House of Representa-
tives. A reference to the Fourteenth
Amendment to the Constitution, sec
ton 2. shows that Representatives shall
be apportioned among the several
States according to their respective num-
bers, counting the whole number of
persons in each State, excluding Indians
not taxed" BY this persons and not
citizens are made the basis of ap-
portioning Representatives.
Senator Arthur Capper of Kansas sew
eral times has introduced in Congress
an amendment Gf I recall correctly
changing the apportionment of Repre-
sentatives from the basis of persons"
to that Of Citizens But in the mean
time these aliens are represented in
Congress while the citizens of the Dis
trict of Columbia are not.
The retort may be made that the
citizens of the District are represented
by all the members of the House. This
is similar to the reply made to the
American colonists' protests against
taxation by Parliament without repre-
sentation. While the American colonists
at that time had only weak argument
in their protest, the phrase mo taxation
without representation" has become a
Evening star., 1941-07-14

part of the American political heritage
in good standing.
is concerned. We are reminded by a
look at Hamiltons Federalist Paper LXI
that 90 the equal vote allowed to
each State is at once a constitutional
recognition of the portion of sovereignty
remaining in the individual States and
an instrument for preserving that
reslduary sovereignty The District
citizens find that they are living in an
area that has no residual sovereignty,
since what would be the residual State
sovereignty has been deposited with
Congress along with the regularly dele
gated powers of the Federal Govern
ment. This was done when the Federal
Government was specifically granted in
the Constitution by the States in general
(and later by Maryland specifically
power 80 to exercise exclusive Iegis-
lation in all cases whatsoever over such
district mot exceeding 10 miles square,
as may, by cesSion of particular States
and the acceptance of Congress, become
the seat of the Government of the
United States ="
Under this arrangement the ordinary
powers of State and the delegated
powers of the Federal Government are
Joined, as far as the District is con-
cerned, in the Congress of the United
States. Administration was taken care
of by this creation of a neutral area
in the United States as a seat for the
Federal Government. The creation of
another State was not contemplated nor
tacitly approved by the States when
complete sovereignty over the District
was transferred to Congress.
AS consequence. the District of Co.
lumbia is not entitled to regular men,
bership in the Senate of the United
States on a par with the States. The
highest form of government that the
District can aspire to is that of a
municipal corporation under the ulti-
mate supervision of Congress. The re-
lation between a District government
could be similar to, say, Boston and
Massachusetts, or Baltimore and Mary
land. 1t might be advisable to have a
non-voting Delegate representing the
District in the Senate similar to the
territorial Delegates from Alaska and
Hawaii in the House of Representatives
The effect of the scheme outlined
above, when applied to the election OF
the President, would permit the District
to cast two electoral votes because of
its proportion of the total national popu-
lation as indicated by its two members
in the House of Representatives. But
not being State it would not be
entitled to the two extra votes in the
Electoral College allowed each State.
RALPH w. DONNELLY.
Editors note: There are conflict
ing ideas as to possible District of
Columbia representation in the Sen
ate, some proposals having suggested
two, some one and some leaving the
decision to Congress. The writer of
the above interesting letter may have
overlooked the fact that in granting
national representation to the Dis
trict, Congress would be providing
new political status for people of the
District not comparable to the status
Of States or Territories but In itself
unique)
Evening star., 1941-07-14

@. How long have camels been
domesticated?-T. o.
A. Camels have been domesticated
since about 1000 B. C. The horse pre-
ceded the camel in domestication but
was in turn preceded by the OK and ass.
@. When was steam heat first used In
the United States?-I. T. D.
A. Apparently the first building heated
by steam in the United States was the
Eastern Hotel in Boston, Mass. erected
in l845.
@. Did Sweden, Norway and Finland
ever decline to sign mutual non
aggression pacts with Germany?-G. U.
A. On May II, 1899 these three coun-
tries declined simultaneously to sign
such pacts. Denmark accepted.
@. How does Los Angeles get Its water
supply?-D. c. A.
A. One billion gallons Of water are
carried daily 242 miles to Los Angeles
and II other cities through the worlds
largest aqueduct system, starting at
Parker Dam on the Colorado River near
Parker, Ariz.
@. What fish has both eyes on one
SIDES. w. M.
A. A halibut has both eyes on the
right side.
O. Is it expected that the number Of
Indians in the United States will ever
equal the number estimated here at the
time Of Columbus discovery?-D. L.
A. DR.. Frank Lorimer Of the American
University has estimated that BY 1880
there will be as many Indians here as
in 1892
@. How many persons have lost their
positions under the Hatch Act?-T. N
A. Ten persons have lost their posi-
tions and one State official has resigned
under charges since the Hatch Act of
July 19, 1910, banned political activity
by Federal employees or local govern
ment employees whose functions are
financed by the Federal Government.
@. What were the lines used by the
Australian Prime Minister in his New
York speech last may 13 and from what
were they taken?-D. B. W.
A. The lines appear in MY Dear and
Only Love- by Montrose Qs12-I65o):
He either fears his fate too much, or
his deserts are small Who fears TO
put it to the touch, to win or lose It all"
@. How does the amount OF rubber
consumed in the United States compare
with the synthetic rubber produced here?
r.. G. K.
A. The estimated rubber consumption
for the United States in 1941 Is s0o,o 900
tons. Although only 5000 tons of syn
thetic rubber was produced In a recent
year, it is hoped to increase this rate
10 times by the end Of next year.