davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Daily Alaska empire., 1941-08-23
ShowdownOn Germ ansin
 Iran Nears
Asidtie Country Cancels Leaves of Thousand
 Army Officers

TEHERAN, IRAN, Aug. 23-An- ticipating a showdown on the Brit ish-R Russian demand tD expei Ser man technicians, the Iran govern ment today cancelled the leaves of l072 newly granuated rmv officers and ordered them to the fror tiers for active duty with 120,00s troops
 The answer handed the British minister yesterday was understood 10 agree to rHcluce the number of Germans in Iran when thelr con- tracts with state- owned railroads, communications and industries ex- pire.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1941-08-23
TRIp0LI IS BOMBED BY
 RAF PLIERS
British Report Great Vic. tory in GomeI Area.
 Large Fires, Berlin
(BY ASSOCIATED PREss)

British bombers dropped more than 25 tons of bombs on Tripoli chief supply port of the Axis in Libya.
 Large fires and explosions are reported in Berlin after the RAF raids last night.
 The German army is now stand ing 60 miles east of Gomel in the area southeast of Klintsky, while advance units are pushing toward the important rail junction of Bry- ansk, 100 miles to the northeast, DINE reported. ' The British High Command an- nounced a great victory in the Co., mel area, smashing 25 divisions and capturing 84,0O0 prisoners.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1941-08-23
DIM0ND U. 5. TO TAKE
 RED ISLANDS
Protection of Alaska and Stafes Depends on
 MomdndOrski

WASHINGTON, Aug. 23.-Alaska Delegate Anthony J. Dimond sug- gested today that the United States acquire Momandorski Island from Russia to make the nation invul- nerable in the North Pacific.
 Under the present circumstances with Hitler pounding on the front door, and maybe in the future Ja- pan at the back door of Russia, both the United States and Russia would be better off if we had the islands, he said
 If Japan attacked Russia one of her first moves would be to seize the island, and Dimond said he was alarmed at the prospect which would be almost as bad as if Japan took Hawaii.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1941-08-23
Buying
 By Biis
 Banned
New Government ReguId- lions on Insid||ments
 Effective Sept. 1.

WASHINGTON, Aug. B. = New strict Government regulations on installment buying. proclaimed eff fective on September l, covers a wide range of luxuries and also includes items considered necessi- ties.
 One of the regulations includes one-third down payment over a maximum of one year and half to pay the balance on new and used automobiles, airplanes and power driven boats.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1941-08-23

Hitler's mechanized blitzkrieg forces, which many self-styled mili- tary experts predicted would con quer Russia in two or three wee ks, are merely neck-and-neck with the horse-and-buggy army of Napoleon in the race for Moscow, as this map shows. Napoleon broke his alliance with Czar Alexander to invade Rus sia June "A, 1872; entered Moscow Sept. 15. Hitler broke his alliance with Stalin and invaded Russia June 22, 1941. To equal Napoleon's
The Daily Alaska empire., 1941-08-23
CANADIAN MINISTER
 IS B00ED
Mackenzie King Given Queer Greeting by Own
 Forces from Dominion

q
 SOMEWHERE IN ENGLAND, Aug. 23.-Mixed cheers and boos and hand clapping greeted Cana dian Prime Minister Mackenzie on his arrival at the sports stadium this afternoon where 10000 Cana dian soldiers were assembled for field day inspection.
 The booing came from the rear of the grandstand but was drowned out by the hand clapping nd cheers.
 It developed later that the boos were an indication of expression against the relative inaction of the Canadian forces.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1941-08-23

afire by Russian saboteurs, and Ma poleon was forced to retreat before winter and the still furiously fight ing Russians. Fewer than 100,OO of Napoleon's original half-million men ever got out of Russia, and the road to Moscow proved to be only a detour on the way to Waterloo. Stalin, like the czar, left Smolensk in ruins and is following the czar's scorched earth policy, and crops are being hurriedly harvested. And Hitler has yet to reach Moscow.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1941-08-23
House Members Can Gel
 Cheers or Jeers;; Record
 Won't Print If, However

to see just how funny he was and at the end of his hilarious gag was just a cold little period and after that a quick resumption of business.
 SENATORS GET FULL CREDIT
 It was the same when the members delivered themselves of those titil- lating orations that called for hand claps and hand-clasps. So far as the Record showed, the members might have been reading from the 3.008th page of the cumulative sta tistics on the life cycle of a house fly.
 Into this deplorable state of af- fairs the other day Gall the more deplorable since the Senate report in the Record, with such phrases as 'boisterous laughter" and loud ap- plause," still shows to what extent she Senators are laying them in the aisles) stepped Rep. Louis Ludlow, )f Indiana, who as neWspapersman md congressman has been watching he Washington scene for 40 years.
 Tn all his career there has been )nly one such other demonstration )f honesty as MT. Hoffman's, said MT. Ludlow. That was 35 years ago when John Shafroth, representa- i've from Colorado. stood on the floor md presented his resignation, stat ing that he had been studying the evidence surrounding his election, and that he had come to the con- clusion that the other fellow had been elected.
 Nevertheless, said MT. Ludlow. the
 (Continued on Page Eight)
The Daily Alaska empire., 1941-08-23

WASHINGTON In the lead tines, lend-leass aio to Britain IS chiefly story oi planes, tanks, ships and munitions. But these dra- matic war supplies are only one part of the picture.
 An equally vital, though little known, phase Of tI.is gigantic pro- gram is food.
 Today, practically every ship leav- ing U. S. shores for eiflbattled England carries stocks of food as part of it's cargo. Also sisnificant is the fact that this stesFy flow of food shipments diffe''. mark edly from those of World War days.
 Then the foo istuffs were in bulk form-boatloads of grain ana fresh meats. But now, with Bris-sh and Allied shipping suffering terrible destruction, there aren't enough bottoms to transr ort botn bulky armaments and bulky food across the hazardous Atlantic.
 Since the cargo space for bulky ornaments cannot be reduced, and with the British food situation be- coming acute, food is beino shipped Ii, concentrated nd defIydrated form. Thus it is carried Tn the same ships with arms and muni- tions, taking up relatively little space.
 The extent of these shipments and what they meant to the Amer ican farmer is shown grapnlcaliy py the following liet Of lend-lesse food purchases between June l and July @:
 American cneese, 2c,482 .175 rounds; corn starch, 35,82o, ,0OO pounds; frozen eggs. 26,648,63O pounds; honey. 3,557,3O pounds; canned fish, l,08J052 cases; de- hydrated soup 100000 pounds; soy beans, 9,Oi0O5O pounds: dried Leans, 40,770,000 pounds; corr. sugar o,696.OOO pounds; enzymes 3,360
The Daily Alaska empire., 1941-08-23
5000 JEWS ARRESTED IN
 NAzIS PARIS
Murder of German Colonel Puts Lives of French
 Into Pawn

PARIS, France, August 23.--Put- ting the lives of thou usands of Frenchmen in pawn, German offic- ials in occupied France today de- creed death for any new violence following the assassination of Ger man Colonel, stabbed in Paris sub way.
 The killing was followed by the arrest of 5000 Jews The German commandant of Paris said, "If such actions continue, number of host ages corresponding to the gravity of the act committed will be shot,"
The Daily Alaska empire., 1941-08-23

record, he must enter Moscow by Sept. 13. Napoleon's troops entered
 Smolensk Aug. IT. With two days head start, Hitler's forces are re- ported only a few miles beyond that key city. It was there that Napo- Icons two main columns, the south ern one commanded by his brother, Jerome, combined. At Borodino on Sept. T they lost 25,000 troops to the Russians 38,000, and eight days later the French entered Moscow. In a few hours the city was set
The Daily Alaska empire., 1941-08-23
MAN JAILED IN ANCHORAGE ON
 CHECK CHARGE

Sought by the U. s Niarshal's office since March g., wl.en he allegedly cashed a bad check for s60 at the B. M. Behrends Bank here, J. B. Crawford was arrested in Anchorage last night. according to radio received today
 Crawford was charged WI cash ing a check drawn or the Bend Oregon, branch of the First National Bank of Portlann in a complaint filed by James McNaugh- ton, cashier at the Be. rends bank. He will probably be returned here for trial.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1941-08-23

 pLA N E
 D0WNED
Courier Graft Shot Over Field : Important Doeu-
 ments Fall 10 Germans

BERLIN, Aug. g. = Important secret documents and other materi- als of the Soviet High Command fell into German hands today through the downing of Marshal Voroshilov's own courier plane which was hit in the motor as it flew low over an airfield of Ger man infantry.
 This report is made by the DNB, German news agency, tonight.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1941-08-23
NO GAS SUNDAY
 IN EAST
Going to Be Alright Going But Will Probably Be
 Tough Returning

WASHINGTON. Aug. 23.-Eastern motorists planning long weekend trips may have trouble getting home as filling stations in some localities announced gasless Sunday for to- morrow, the first since 1918.
 Senator Walter F. George said that he was reliably informed that a third cut in Eastern motor fuel is planned, compared to the present 10 percent cut.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1941-08-23
CLAYsON WEsTsoUND

Will Clayscn, former Skt way merchant and later operating cioth- ing stores in Cordova and Anchor age, is aboard the Mount Mckinley enroute to Seward on business trip. He resides in Portland.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1941-08-23
BIG LEGION
 CONVENTION
 E DELAYED

The American Legion and Aux Diary convention at Seward. scned- uled to start next Wednesday to continue for u rec days is under stood to have been postponed until arrival there f the Juneau and ketchikan delegations.
 The delegations from the two big Southeast Alaska cities. and dele- gates from Wrangell and Peers burg. are scheduled to leave for the westward on the Yukon. The steamer is due in Juneau Monday.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1941-08-23
KRAMER GIRLS RETURN

The Misses Amy and Margaret Kramer, formerly of Fairbanks, graduates of University of Alaska and Territorial teachers are pas sengers on board the northbound Mount Mckinley. They are return ing to their school after trip to the States.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1941-08-23
OFF TO SEWARD

Mrs. George Gullufsen is pass enger aboard the Mount Mckinley for Seward where she will attend the American Legion Auxiliary con- vention as a delegate.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1941-08-23
DOW, JONES AVERAGES

The following are toda, s Dow, Jones averages, indus;riais l2s.9l, rails 30.28, utilities 18.40
The Daily Alaska empire., 1941-08-23
STOCK QUOTATIONS

NEW YORK. Aug. B Closing quotation of American Can today ie 81A, Anaconda 28 1f2, Bethlehem Steel 68 1/2, Commonwealth and Southern ss, Curtiss Wright 9ls, Kennecott 38 1l2, New York Gen. tral 125s, Northern Pacific 73s, United States Steel ', Poun d $4O3 1/2.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1941-08-23

lContinued on Page Foar)
The Daily Alaska empire., 1941-08-23

tcontinued on Page Eight
The Daily Alaska empire., 1941-08-23

BUY DEFENSE BONDS
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-06-22

wandering aimlessly through the vastness of
interstellar space. Just how many of these
wanderers there are scientists have no way of
knowing for they emit no light and thus can
not be seen.
1t must be realized that in the very early
and very late stages of this process of stellar
evolution ii is very hard for astronomers ito
see these stars. Thus only few babies"
and dying" stars are known from observa-
ton But this fact should not be grounds for
regarding such young and old stars as
freaks any more than would call new
babies or veterans of the Civil War freaks
of mankind, just because there were compare
lively few Of them.
The big mystery of astronomy is how the
stars can maintain their internal burning
that permits them 10 shine for millions
of years from the time they drop their baby
hood manners until they stagGcr into the
blackness IN old age.
No ordinary burning can supply energy
for this length of time fer It is easy to calcu-
late that # our sun were made OF pure coal
and burned in an atmosphere of pure oxygen
IL could supply its radiation Scr only few
thousand years.
Since geolosIs--- tel us that the sun has
been shining for at least 1000 900 600 years
this means that the mysterious fuel keeping
IL hot and luminous-must be at least / 900 600
times more effective than any ordinary fuel
by American Weekly Inc. Great Britain Rights Res
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-06-22

dream Of the old medieval alchemists.
We now know that the achemists Of the
past only failed in their search for transmuta-
ton because the fires in their chemical fur
naces would not blaze hot enough to start the
reactions they were seeking We know, on
the other hand. that the temperatures inside
of stars can reach the seemingly fantastic
values of 2OOO00OO degrees Centgrade.
At such high temperatures alchemic re-
actions occur just easily as ordinary chem
ical reactions occur in the flame Of a Bunsen
burner OF a chemical laboratory.
Using the new theory of artificial trans
formation inside the cores of atoms, two young
scientists Robert Atkinson and Fritz Houter-
mans. showed some ten years ago that the
temperatures inside of stars are just high
enough 90 start alchemic reactions between
atoms of hydrogen and those Of the light
elements They suggested that stars get
their energy by transmitting hydrogen into
helium with some other light element serving
as "catalyst' helping along the reaction hut
not used up In the process out Of the rcac-
tiou comes an enormous release of atomic
energy
Back ten years ago the art of atom
smashing ir scientific laboratories was in it's
infancy and so Atkinson and Houtermans
did not know-what kind of atomic nucleus
served rs the pot" in which hydrogen
cooked into holum
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-06-22

baby Gargantua" stars is known as Epsilon
Aurgac called sometimes a ghost" star. It's
young body is still rather cool so that IL emts
but little light. on this page can be seen an
artists conception OF what this star looks
like as il might be seen from some neighbour
ing planet.
The diameter Of Epsilon Aurigae is about
5000 times the diameter Of our Sun but the
gases which form it's ghostly body are a
million times rarer than the air we breathe.
It's light is so faint because the internal
fires that will later make it turn into flam-
ing Sun are lying dormant and are still not
fully developed It's surface is relatively cool
tonly about 1000 degrees Centigradel and so
1t emits almost visible rays by which IT can
be seen.
In this almost embryonic stage of its life
Epsilon Aurigae is kind of super giant star.
1t will not be dgnihed with a rating Of red
giant until it shrnks so that II will be only
a couple Of hundred times the size OF our Sun.
Only then will it enter what might be called
the childhood of stardom.
In the red giants the matter Of the star
has contracted. and in this squeezing the tenn
perature begins 20 go up. Gradually it emts
more and more reddish light until it is about
ready 20 enter into service as an adult star
How long the red giant stage lasts in
a star is not known but il is not very long as
time is thought Of in astronomy The main
point is that the contraction in the star goes
on, and the temperature keeps going up, and
the density Of the stellar matter increases
until IL is about as dense water.
1t is then that the main cnergy-producing
machine inside the star begins TO work II shall
explain that shortly and the star goes 10
work" as an adult Most of the stars We see
in the sky including our own sun. are adult
stars. or as astronomers like to call them.
normal stars.
But everything must have its end and in
spite of the tremendous r9xurccs Of internal
energy put into them at dk every star Is
finally bound to run out Of cnSgy. Then II
starts its final contraction and shrinking in
which it rapidly loses its brilliance and its
diameter shrivels down until il has only one
hundredth the diameter Of the sun.
. Because SO much Of its matter is packed
into such a small space it then attains great
density equal TO two and three hundred thou
sand times that of water. A cubic foot of
this material would weigh 6.25o'tons, as much
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-06-22

The answer came only three years ago and
the details of the cooking" were worked out
independently by two scientists Prof Hans
Bethe who is now at Cornell University and
by Or. Carl Won Wezsacker in Germany.
1t has now been proved that the role of the
cooking pot" in the stellar kitchen" is played
by the cores of carbon atsms. which occur in
stellar matter only to about one per cent.
Carbon nuclei seem 10 act as traps for
fast-moving hydrogen nuclei Tor protons) and
capture them one by one. When four protons
are caught they are cemented together by
strong forces in the nucleus turn into a nue.
leus of helium, and elected from the pot"
The carbon atom is, then ready for more cap
lures and more of what l have called the
cooking of hydrogen into helium.
BY this process the hydrogen serves as the
fuel and the helium is the ash OF the reaction
Carbon rises like some phoenix from the ashes
to do it's job again.
Since 35 per cent of the material in the
Sun, and in most stars is hydrogen the pro-
cess will go on for long long time until all
the hydrogen becomes helium. For the Sun
have calculated that 1t will take some 10 0OO-
1000 years for this to occur so that we shall
not be deprived of our sunlight for a long
while TO come.
Stars that are much more luminous than
the Sun may spend their hydrogen supply in
only a few hundred million years and fainter
stars representing the majority of the stellar
population, can stretch out their supply over
many hundred billion years. But in every
case no matter how long they postpone their
doom all Of them will become aged and in
firm and become white dwsrfS.
Although the problem OF the adult life of
a star is to us Of particular interest because
our own Sun is that kind Of star, much more
interesting information about stellar evolu-
ton comes from the study Of the childhood
CONTINUED on Page l9)
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-06-22
By DIR. GEORGE GAMOW,
Professor Of Theoretical Physics, George
Washington University.

uF-Yt1t' Eayr-6n the street a tiny shriveled-up
dwarf pushing along giant baby in q car
y rage the SIZE of a tcn-ton truck you would
stop and look and look again.
II is FOR just this same feason that it is
hard ia ply astronomers away from their tele-
scopes They are seeing the same kind Of
curious thing among the stars in the heavens.
They are discovering that stellar evolution
and growth work just backward from the way
they 90 Earth among plants and animals.
Human babies as everyone knows. grow
up" Stellar babies in contrast grow down
and become smaller and smaller they get
older They are born as giants and die as
"dwarfs."
nur-o vH-Sun is not quite baby in the
cosmic sense To the picture of the dwarf
pushing the giant you can add a robust adult
young man walking along, That adult 'nar
is our sun just at its most virile enerE%,c
state Of stellar life II was born giant baby;
when it grows up it will be a dwarf
But the fact is that our sun is on the
down" grade and sQmeday il probably will
suffer a terrific explosion that will turn it
into a dying" dwarf star. In which case we
should have no further interest because we
should not be here
Only in fabulous Hollywood is there any
rival for the weird state of affairs where ba-
nes are giants and old men dwarfs. In
Hollywood a new star sometimes bursts into
fame as a Box office giant" and then
shrives up and ends his or her career
Box Office dwarf"
Because anything can happen in the movies
it is not surprising that this should be so.
What is surprising is that the stars in the
sky apparently used the idea before the Holly
wood press agents.
Moreover, just cinema stars sometimes
have dramatic turbulent lives so, too, do the
real stars IN the sky. Though stars have been
the poetic symbol of permanence and invari-
ability through the ages, scientists now realize
that the stars in the heavens have their ups
and downs and their flare-ups of brilliancc.
II YOU would sit in at the birth Of a star,
as astronomers do you would see it forming
out Of the shapclcss. gaseous material that
floats through lmtlcss space
You would have 10 live some millions of
years TO see the whole formation in a single
star But this is not necessary for by looking
through telescopes you can see several Of
these stellar babies in different stages Of
their birth" And so the whole process can
be understood.
The best known example OF one Of these
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-06-22

known TO chemistry.
To find the Won
derful fuel which
will meet these spec
ifications it is nee
essary to turn TO
the New Alchemy
in which man has
learne I'd how to
transmute the chem
ical elements one
with another in a
way which was the
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-06-22

as an ocean-going
freighter.
The surface Of
these old and highly
dense stars becomes
white hot but the
total radiation they
emit is low because
they are so small.
Such dying stars,
called white dwarfS,
can still exist for
quite so m Q time,
but tn e V are
very stingy in their
last energy re-
sources. They have
no future in front of
them and sooner or
later they are bound
10 freeze ito the
bones and form
cold. dark bodies
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-06-22
Our SUnWaS Born a Giant BabU

Noted Int ernofionol
S chemist. Professor
George 9 q m o W. Ex-
plains the Strange Birth
Reversal Of Stors and
How They c o m e Into
Being AS Giants. and
Die AS Ancient Super
Heavy Dworfs
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-06-22

Continued on Page l9)
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-02-26

MERCA built bullets bayonets nor preserved by
"A We fought when had to fight, but the
in those anquated muskets
hearts Of the hungry ragged
behind them in the faith and courage OF their women
they visions of freedom and equality
which inspired them all
Freedom equality weren't words then. They
something you for granted take trolley
chewing They something won out OF
your and
They something and glorious In human history
which few had known before or ever dared to And
fathers of dared savage
wilderness-AND MADE AMERICA!
And think that America with gunsf
Let not kid ourselves.
WE CAN ONLY SAVE AMERICA WITH CHARACTER.
BY DOING OUR LITTLE DAILY CHORES DECENTLY AND
CALAMITY NO MATTER HOW OBSCURE OR MONOTONOUS
THEY SEEM
may thousands of planes and destroyers noun
ammunition and endless regiments of troops
BUT ONLY BE AS STRONG AND AS SURE
AS THE MOST OBSCURE FAMILY IN CITY TENEMENT OR
PRAIRIE DUGOUT.
ONLY AMERICANISM CAN SAVE AMERICA.
and the glory, the faith and the fury die out
sunk though Naz boot
border
Why Hitler that blight victorious? He
victorious because he believes In his cause and his destiny and
persuaded people believe he believes
Do be deceived This is not "a OF ideals II Is
those who have the greatest faith
of life and willing make the greatest sacrifices
for it.
amo forgotten about character We have been putting
Now the payof! Have
still left of the old American
spirit did in ITS? Personally believe
believe vel have to do lot of huing to
prove it.
So why YOU instead of about the war.
BECAUSE YOU ARE THE WAR-AND IN YOUR SPIRIT
LIES ITS VICTORY OR DEFEAT