davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1941-10-09
This Changing World
Hitler Out TO Toke Moscow at All Costs;
Sees Soviet Collapse if CupitoI FuIIs

weeks he can take Kharkov and
Rostov, thus reaching the lower
Don. The seriousness of such a
loss cannot be minimizet'. Britain
and the United States now hope
to be able to send war material
to Russia through Iran. If Gen.
Won Runstedt succeeds in cap
turing this area not only will
he have cut of the pipeline con-
veying oil from the Caspian to
the Russian industrial center,
but he will also have severed the
main line of communication with
the allies.
The Germans chances of sue
ceeding in this operation are
considered by military experts as
better than fair. Marshal Bud
yenny does not dare to weaken
his Caucasian reserves further
for fear that in the event of a
break in his front there will be
nothing left to resist the Germans
in the Caucasian Mountains.
Marshal Timoshenko, confident
as he is of holding the Germans
back, does not dare to detail a
force from his armies to support
the hard-pressed Budyenny.
Finally, the southern Russian
armies have lost the bulk Of their
war material-especially tanks
and planes sacrificed during and
after the seige of Kiev. They are
attempting to stop the German
advance against Kharkov and
at the same time trying to pre-
vent Gen. Won Runstedt from
getting to Rostov.
Crimea a Sideshow.
The Crimean campaign is con-
sidered a sideshow. All communi-
cation between the peninsula and
the mainland has been cut off.
But as long as the present
weather continues 1t is doubtful
whether the Germans will at
tempt any large-scale operations.
The marshes separating the
Crimea from the Ukraine would
make an invasion by land diff
Evening star., 1941-10-09
BY CONSTANTINE BROWN.

Axis forces are now making
two spectacular drives which are
motivated by different reasons
one political and other military.
One spearhead Is directed at
Moscow and the othe, at the
region Of the Ukraine and the
Crimea. The drive on Moscow
has been ordered by Hitler be-
cause he is convinced that the
fall of the Russian capital would
cause the collapse of the entire
Soviet Union. Hitler believes
the capture of Moscow would
break the Russian morale in the
same way it broke that of the
French after the occupation Of
Paris. France could have con-
tinued the fight from Africa,
but. it lost heart when Nazi
soldiers entered the capital.
Hitler sees little chance of organ
ized Russian resistance behind
the Volga or the Urals If the city
containing Lenin's tomb falls to
the Nazis.
Hence his new effort to take
Evening star., 1941-10-09

Moscow at all costs. The army
opposing the Nazi drive is con-
sidered the best remaining in the
U. S. S. r. 1t is commanded by
the hard-headed and hard
hitting Bessarabian peasant,
Marshal Semeon Timoshenko,
and has so far yielded ground to
the Nazis only when opposed by
Overwhelming numbers.
Details available in Washington
fail to indicate even remotely
the progress of the battle which
started on Monday. All reports
from Moscow are optimistic. The
Germans may gain some ground,
1t is said in the Soviet capital.
but it will take them at least
twice the force they now have on
that front to overcome Marshal
Timoshenko's armies. His forces
have suffered less since the out
break of the war than the north
ern or southern armies. His avi-
alton, which suffered heavily
during the Russian offensive
against Smolensk, has now been
reinforced with American and
British planes flown from Britain.
The communication lines with
the rear are intact and the flow
of supplies from the industrial
centers in and around Moscow
continues unhampered.
Nazis Pound Budyenny.
The Moscow general staff feels
less optimistic with regard to the
southern front. The armies of
the famous Russian cavalry
leader are hard pressed. They
have lost men and war material.
The Germans are continuing
their relentless pursuit of Mar
shall Semeon Budyenny's forces.
They are allowing them no
breathing spell.
The strategy of Gen. Won Run
stedt is clear. He hopes to get to
the Caucasus this year. But even
If this hope is not fulfilled he
feels that within the next few
Evening star., 1941-10-09


oshenko afforded the best opportu-
nifty of doing this and of develop
ing new double development move
ment of the type so dear to the Ger
man high command.
1t remained, therefore, to obtain
the necessary effectiveness and to
strike with the maximum force and
with as much of the element of sur
prise as possible. On the Leningrad
front operations were at a standstill
due to the marshy terrain. This ter
rain will not permit of mechanical
movement in force for some weeks
| yet. until it freezes to sufficient
depth. Progress toward Leningrad
seemed unlikely, but so did any
counteroffensive by the Russians.
Thus some effectives could be with
drawn from the Leningrad front for
use elsewhere.
On the south central front from
Kiev to Poltava the Russians had
managed to stop any German ad-
vance toward Kharkov, at least tenn
porarily, but probably had drawn
on Marshal Timoshenko's reserves
to do so. Still farther south, the
defense of the Crimea was holding
and an expedition along the shores
of the Sea of Azov, though gaining
ground, became more perilous as 1t
advanced, since its left flank was
open to Marshal Budyenny's ar
mored troops and cavalry. 1t did,
however, serve to keep Marshal
Budyenny anxious and to immobi-
lie whatever reserves he had in
hand.
From the Russian viewpoint the
situation of their three groups of
armies also marked Marshal Timo-
| shenko as the recipient of the next
| German attentions.
Keep in mind that the ultimate
German objective is to destroy or
neutralize the Russian fighting
forces, not to capture territory as
such. The northern group of armies
(Voroshiloff) was divided, part of
its force was more or less bottled UP
in Leningrad, its main forces had
suffered heavy losses in the defense
of that city and in the fighting
around Lake linen. The southern
group of armies (Budyenny) had
likewise suffered heavy losses, par
ticularly in material, in it's retreat
across the Dnieper, and was still
heavily engaged around Poltava, the
Perekop Isthmus and the Sea of
Azov littoral. The central group of
armies (Timoshenko) was, however,
on the offensive, making some prog
ress, and remained, save for with
drawals to other sectors, reasonably
| intact.
If great German effort was to
be made, certainly it seemed that a
smash at Marshal Timoshenko was
indicated, the other two things too
hard to get at, for reasons of terrain
and distance, and also because fur
ther progress to north or south might
entail further weakening of the
German center. AS Marshal Timo-
shenko's counter drives approached
Vitebsk, there was always the dis
turbing possibility that ne might
break through in force down the
valley of the Dnieper and if that
Evening star., 1941-10-09

cult. But the German general
staff is said to consider the Cri-
mea as ripe plum which will fall
into the Nazi lap as soon as
occupation of the whole northern
srea has been completed.
The virulence of the Axis drive
in the center against Moscow and
in the south is illustrated by the
fact that the Germans have
scraped up all available troops
not urgently needed in the occu-
pied areas in Europe.
According TO reports from
Soviet headquarters, at least
seven Italian divisions have been
identified as fighting with the
German forces. The Rumanians
are being bled to death and have
been ordered to send new forces
to replace the heavy losses sus-
tanned at Odessa.
The Russians are confident
that they can stop the Nazis
despite these new attacks, which
are described as the most violent
Of the whole war.
Evening star., 1941-10-09
Backs Two-Party System.

BACKS IWO-Party system.
The trip he has just made,
which took him to California,
Oregon, Idaho, wyoming and the
vast territory beyond the Mis-
sissippi, is a forerunner of other
trips. The national chairman
has an ambition. 1t is to turn
over the machinery, the organi-
zation of the Republican party
in first-class shape when he steps
out of Office. This will not occur
certainly until after the 1912
elections, and maybe not until
the next presidential candidate
is named. Should that be Wen
dell L. Willkie, efforts might be
made to persuade Mr.. Martin to
stay on still longer, especially If
the G. o. p, under his leadership,
makes a good showing in 1912.
Aside entirely from his personal
ambition to have the party or
ganization hitting on all six, Mr..
Martin is convinced that If the
country is to be preserved, the
two-party system must prevail
and that it is essential to build
up a strong Republican party.
Mr.. Martin has not Joined Mr..
Willkie in the latter's demand
that the Republican members of
Congress take the lead in re-
pealing the Neutrality Act. Mr..
WILKES advice to the Republi-
cans is to take the ball and run
with it, since the administration
is apparently willing only to move
with caution and slowly. Mr..
Martin is inclined to let the
Republican members of Congress
vote on foreign relations as they
individually feel. In other words,
each member to vote as he patri-
oticallys believes best for the
country. 1t is his contention
that to take the Republicans as
group into one position or
another on foreign affairs is to
bring party politics into the sit
uation. And so, unless there is
a change of heart, that is likely
to be the position of the Republic
can leadership in the House.
One thing appears certain from
Mr.. Martins comments: There
will be no effort to line up the
Republicans in the House against
amendment or repeal of the Neu-
trality Act, even though there
may be no attempt to line them
up as a party in support of such
Evening star., 1941-10-09

6dSItIH D { d
board there was
available some
where for Amer
lean use enough
t a n er hi p
capacity to re-
lieve the short
age.
James A. Moi
felt, chairman
of the board of
the California
Texas Oil Co.
let the cat out
of the hap Ia ct
Evening star., 1941-10-09

military situa-
ton. The line
had become al
most straight. In
or er for the
Germans to en-
ploy their favor
ite strategy, it
was necessary to
create salients. A
slight westward
bulge in the CEN
ter due to sue
cession of local
conn terattacks
Evening star., 1941-10-09

put at the head of the economic side
of the war operations any single or
central authority. This breeds fric-
ton and confusion. The record in
the gasoline situation indicates the
need for centralized authority in
handling economic problems arising
out of the defense emergency.
Reproduction Rights Reserved)
Evening star., 1941-10-09

tions Of tn Q
earth, and on q
three day week,
too.
This observa-
ton Is made in
all seriousness
after a shopping
trip with q lady
that covered
half the big de
partment stores
In New York.
All she wanted
WAS a hat, but
l.~F1r. ~An fntty,d
Evening star., 1941-10-09

CHE opinions of page on
necessarily The Stars Such opinions are presented IN The
effort to gue all sides of questions of interest to its
readers although such opinions may be contradictory
themselves and directly opposed to The Stars
Evening star., 1941-10-09
BY MAI. GEORGE FIELDING
ELIOT.

The German attack in the center
Of the long line from the Baltic to
the Black Sea is perfectly logical
Development of the Russo German
Evening star., 1941-10-09
McLemore-
In Which q Woman
Goes Shopping

BY HENRY McLEMORE.
If some one could only figure out
a way to- harness the energy women
waste in shopping this country
could outproduce all the other ma.
Evening star., 1941-10-09
Oil Tanker
DenOuement
Delay in Revealing
Gain in Carrying
Capacity Hit
By DAVID LAWRENCE

Information is just becoming
available which tends to prove that
all during the time when there was
a cry of gasoline famine on the
Evening star., 1941-10-09

a check on the present New Deal
administration which has seized
power and spent money to a
degree Americans have never
even thought of in the past.
Evening star., 1941-10-09
The Political Mill
Republicans in House Aren't Expected
To Unite Against Neutrality Repeal

moves. That is something. The
efforts which were being made
not so many weeks ago by some
Republicans to line up the party
in opposition to the administra-
tion's foreign policy and to any
legislation it might seek dealing
with foreign affairs have pretty
we'll flattened out. This is espe-
cially true now that members
have visited their homes In the
last month and learned the feel
ing Of the people.
While Mr.. Martin Is still con-
f1dent that 80 per cent of the
people do not want to have this
country go into the war, he is
also convinced that the vast ma
jority of the people are anxious
to help the British. OF course,
some day the American people
will in all probability have to
choose between these two con-
flicting desires. Furthermore,
they will have to decide whether
they are willing to go into the
war as a measure of their own
safety, entirely aside from the
safety of the British people.
The Republicans failed to live
up to expectations in the con-
gressional elections of 1940-in-
stead of making gains in the
House, they lost a few seats. But
the hide went along with the car
cass-as it nearly always does in
elections. The Democrats, carry
ing the presidential elections.
quite naturally were able also to
elect a majority of the House.
Next year there will be no presi-
dental race to complicate the
congressional contests. In 1898,
the Republicans made real strides
picking up 80 seats that had
been held by Democrats and
bringing their membership in
the House up to 1863. Last year
they slid back to 1852. Since then
they have held their own in sew
eral by-elections to fill vacancies
and have taken Buffalo IN. "
seat from the Democrats, and
the count now stands 1853 Repub-
licans. They must have 55 more
for a bare majority of the House.
Evening star., 1941-10-09
Sees Marked Advance.

This Is by no means an impos-
sibility, if there is a real swing
against the New Deal, war or no
war. The statisticians at Repub-
lican headquarters have figured
it out that in 100 districts lost
by the Republicans year ago the
G. o. P. polled 40 per cent or
The Waterbury Democrat., 1941-01-25

how the United States once fought in what was almost like, but never formally, a war:
 Relations with France had been unsat- isfactory, and President Adams called home American diplomats who had been pushed around and very badly treated In France. "I will never send another min ister to France" he said, without assur- ances that he will be received, respected, and honored as the representative of a free, powerful and independent nation"
 French naval ships seized American vessels carrying supplies to England, which was at war with France. American indignation mounted, and frantic pre- paredneSS campaign was launched. Three frigateS and 30 smaller vessels were built, and ordered to protect American com merce, even if that implied fighting with French ships. An army was hastily inn provised, and Washington was recalled from retirement to command 1t. In little more than two years, 84 French ships were captured, mostly privateers, in sea fights to protect American com merce Yet neither country formally de- clared war on the other In 1900 a treaty accepted by both nations put an end to the controversy. Was it a war? Historians have not yet decided.
 Has President Roosevelt's careful study of this period convinced him that there would be nothing new, nothing without precedent, in decision to protect Amer ican ships sailing to belligerent coun- try? It was done in 1799 and done with out formal war resulting. Could it be done again? And is the possibility now revolving in the mind of the President?
The Waterbury Democrat., 1941-01-25
All for One

Legislatures of 43 states are meeting tl1iS winter and without exception each one will be confronted by proposals for home defense measures. Connecticut already has seen efforts started along these lines Both Governor Robert A. Hurley and the 1941 legislators have started to work for passage of such laws guaranteed to afford this state the ut most protection in the event we are thrown into the European war or if ll- vasion from without threatens.
 A set of five model bills" was re- gently drawn up by state officials based on the conference held last summer to discuss law enforcement problems of national defense. A Joint Conference Committee, representing the Governors Conference, the Council of State Govern mentS National Association of Attorneys General, Interstate Commission on Crime, and the Department of Justice, has furnished the program. Passage in all states is urged so as to create uniformity throughout the nation.
 Four of the proposed laws we list here with The first is the Sabotage Proven tion Act with which Connecticut already is familiar. It provides penalties for ln- tentional destruction or impairment ot defense industries or facilities, treSpass- ing on property devoted to defense work, and gives Highway Commissioners the right to close roads adjacent to these same industries or facilities. Another is the Ex plosives Control Act which puts a strict finger on the manufacture and sale of eX- ploSives by licensing system.
 There is also an Interstate Public Prop erty Protection Act which would let state furnish police protection to it's property lying in another state. Familiar also is the State Guard Act. Congress has already taken action here authoriz- ing the State Guards to take over civil protection functions of the National Guard. This bill provides for the gover- nor of the state prescribing regulations similar to those of the National Guard, but prohibits enrolment in the new unit of any organizations as such or pay ments to it by private individuals or or ganizations. A State Guard unit on request could operate in another state.
 True, all such measures must get care full scrutiny for without due considera- ton practically every state in the Union might hand over to few powers that not even the present emergency demand. We rely on the legislators in these 43 states where sessions are now being held to protect their fellow citizens and private property, but not to create dictatorship that would have adverse results.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1941-01-25
When A Wars Not A War

Many people are disturbed today by the fact that the present position of the United States in relation to the war in Europe is neither traditional neutrality nor war It is described as "non-bellig- erency," armed neutrality" "not-war' and other phrases, and we think of it as something utterly strange and without precedent. That is because we incline to think of todays situation in terms of the World War If we would go back again a little farther in American his- tory, we could recall that there was period (1798 1800) when the United States did not know whether or not it was at war. War was never formally declared, but 1t had lot of similarity to war when the new American frigate, Constellation, was savagely fighting and capturing the French ship-of-war LInsurgente off the island of Nevis in the West Indies.
 Historians usually refer to this as ''The Quasi-War With France" The Latin term means ''just about, but not quite" war. It is interesting to reflect that President Roosevelt is especially well informed on this period of American his tory, and was instrumental few years ago in having published an absorbing collection of papers relating tC it. Here is
The Waterbury Democrat., 1941-01-25
A 1889 Hangover

Had the Legislature in 1889 and state officials been disposed to think more of the state at large and less of individual performance we would not be finding friction already manifesting itself in the current legislative term. We are refer ring now to the Democrat-Republican mix-up over the COP bill to extend recess appointments, expiring on February 19, to July 1. No such measure as this has ever before been necessary. None should be again.
 While it sometimes is necessary for a recess appointment to be made by gov ernor, it rarely is necessary to make as manw of them as former Governor Ray mond E. Baldwin had to two years ago. Everything that was done at that session is gone; it doesn't do any particular good to rant and rave about it now. But we should think that the 1941 legislators would determine not to follow the same example and not to let themselves in for similar criticism two years hence.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1941-01-25
Refuting an Axis Lie

Pope Plus XII recently delivered ser mon which certain Italo-German axis papers at once tendentiously interpreted and twisted as sign that the head of the Roman Catholic Church shared the axis viewpoint on vital matters. Now the Pope = unlike political statesmen cannot rush into the arena and refute every misrepresentation of what he said and what he meant.
 The Vatican newspaper, Osservatore Romano, has clarified the issue, however, by stressing that the Pope in his allocu- tion merely reaffirmed in general terms the five points he expounded last Christ mas: independence for all nations, great and small; disarmament; international institutions freed of past deficiencies; satisfaction for just demands of nations, and restoration of divine justice, in keep ing with Christian ideals. When Hitler and Mussolini observe these five points there will be some chance for lasting peace in a stricken world.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1941-01-25

broadcast address by Mayor La
 Guardia in Kansas City, or
 some other Midwest metropolis.
 Among those interested in the new movement is Mrs. Dwight Morrow, mother-in-law of Colonel Charles Lindbergh.
 CRACKING PEACE FRONT
 Meanwhile, the isolationist front of the strongly pacifistic Women'S International League for Peace and Freedom is cracking.
 Miss Emily Balch, one of the revered founders of the organiza- tion, has rendered her resigna- tion from the executive board because she disapproves of the anti-British aid stand of Miss Dorothy Detzer, secretary of the League and one of the most eff fective lobbyists in Washington. Miss Balch strongly favors "all- out" aid to Britain. q
 Miss Balch is not the only League leader who is up in arms over Miss Detzer's views and her undercover brain-trusting of the Washington iSolationists. Eastern, Southern, and Far Western branches also have voiced sharp opposition, and the inside word is that showdown on foreign policy will soon be forced within the organization.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1941-01-25

We were also interested in the bill that Corporation Counsel Vincent Dooley has drawn up for the establishment of the New Haven Trade School. If passed by the Legislature, it would allow the city to issue a $75O, ,O00 bond issue with which to construct the school building. It would also let the city acquire land for the in- stitution. At this rate Waterbury would not be able to build much of school with only a $15O,OOO trust fund being con- sidered for such purposes. However, we doubt if the local legislators, Senators Edward P. Egan and Michael V. Blans- field, would go off the "deep end" on such a project without knowing what they were doing. The comparison, though, is interesting
The Waterbury Democrat., 1941-01-25

stout staff upon which we lean, but we should not accept it as a staff until we have to. No man uses crutches so long as he has two good legs to walk on. Those who regard religion simply as something to turn to when everything else in life has failed, have missed the most glori- ous rewards that religion has to of- fer. For the time that religion works most pleasantly in our lives and gives us it's greatest rewards is when we carry it's spirit into our everyday living. The Lord is in- deed great help in time of trouble but He is intended to be a great companion also amid the routine of daily life and while we are walking in paths of pleaSantness.
 Prop, f1re-escape, emergency call = these are poor symbols of the Christian experience. If we learn how to turn to God every day, we will know better how to find Him in the dark hour when we are threatened with destruction.
 All Rights Reserved Babson
 Newspaper Syndicate.