davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-05-10
At sPoRTsMANs PARK

Weather. clear. track. good.
First Race-Rolls Day, Axelson, Star
Blink. Princely GIFT. Gooche Mae.
Minotira, Grey Dog, Jolly Time.
Second Race--Tusco. High Landmark,
High Josie. Serbian Rose. Carlsbad, Ruth
Lerner. MISS Pittypat. Jerry Rae
Third Raee-Agnes F.. Herbert b.
Getabout Candlelight. Darby-Allen. Phil
igal. Chester Rose Duchiss
Fourth Race-Silyer Wood. Rocky Hill.
Molly Fly.
sixth Race-Truda. Wild Pigeon. Gray
Ethel Town Lace.
Ninth Race substitute Declared off
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-05-10

Greenfield Tap and Die Corporation re-
ports for the quarter ended March 81 a
net profit OF Si37 $50 equal. after dividend
requirements on IS preferred and 81 81
preferred stocks TO IS cents share on
l43 SIS shares q common outstanding a.
the close Of 1870. compared with Siis.s33,
Ut - Centr 4 rrsrr on tt5. 5ff common
shares in the March quarter OF 1870.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-05-10

Weather. raining track muddy.
First Race shasta Mollie Bonnie
Buzz. Blackmal Red Amazon Zeitone.
Second Race olive Branch. STORY
Time sandy Bill, Dinner Jacket. Trsg-
KAT Saranite.
Third Race Ina Dell x
Fourth Race -PrAds. Nigh; Chase
Filth Race-Beli Tower. Lone Sentry.
Wise Niece. Misty Quest. Within Sabulus.
sixth Race Conrad Mann, Franco
Saxon
seventh Race-Neht Editor.
Eighth Race Broad Vision. Polly Girl,
La Perla. Grandpa Boy. Butter.
Ninth Race Substitute J-Declareo off.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-05-10

LEGAL NOTICE
NOTICE OF ANNUAL MEETING OF
SHAREHOLDERS OF SURETY Saw
INGS AND LOAN ASSOCIATION.
Notice - hereby given that the annual
meeting Of the shareholders Of the Surety
Savings and Loan Association viii be held
al the office OF the Association 1850 Grts-
void Street. Detroit. Michigan. on Tuesday.
May 90 1871. at 2 o'clock p. NJ. Eastern
Standard Time for the purpose Of eleeting
directors. receiving and acting on the re-
ports of the officers. and for the transact
ton Of such other business as may properly
come b .ore the meeting.
FRED p. TODD.
Secretary Treasurer.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-05-10
At pIMI.ICO

Weather. clear. track good
Fourth Voucher. All Free.
Fifth Race-Slow Motion, Robert F..
Lee
Ninth Race tsubstituteD Declared off.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-05-10
Scratches
International News service Wire
AT JAMAICA

Weather. cloudy track muddy
First Race Jackpot, HanafeI. Misslam.
Lady Mahcara
Second Race Bill d. Coy Vixen.
Fifth Race-Robert l..
Sixth Kace-CentuTy Note
4 Seventh Race rapeze Artist Legenda.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-05-10

weather clear. track. slow.
First Race-Uncle WINS Randy, Wise
Margaret
Second Race Roman Time.
Third Race-Old Honesty.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-05-10
Foreign Exchange

''Ew YORK. May io.-Prices given IN
IT'S
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-01-08
Rites Tomorrow for Wife
Of Sports Written

Funeral services for the late
Mrs. Constance A. Walter, wife OF
Lewis H. Walter, Detroit Times
sports writer. will be held at z
p. m. tomorrow at the w. r. Ham
ilton Funeral Home, 1875 Cass
avenue, with the Rev. Charles w
Edinger OF st. Luke's Episcopal
Church, Ferndale. officiating.
Mrs. Walter died in Henry Ford
Hospital yesterday after an illness
of three months. She was born in
Alpena and was. married on Aug.
Z, 1926. Besides her husband she
is survived by a son. Robert Neil
Walter, 7.
Other relatives are her father,
w. T. Hoey of Ferndale; four
sisters, Mrs. Lawrence Davis and
Mrs. a. J. Comstock Of Ferndale
and Mrs. Albert Cook and Mrs.
Raymond Storm of Detroit. and a
brother, w. Neil Hoew of Los
Angeles.
The Walter home is at 400 Cam
bourne avenue, Ferndale.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-01-08
Detroit Honored
By Maj. Bowes

Detroit will be the honor city
on the Major Bowes radio pro-
gram tomorrow night from 9 TO
10 and Common Council has pro-
claimed tomorrow as M al or
Bowes Day in Detroit"
Sheriff Andrew Baird has made
the genial major honorary sheriff
for the day and the Detroit Board
of Commerce has appointed him an
honorary life member. Letters
have been sent to the New York
office of the radio master of cere-
monies by Secretary of State
Harry Kelly; DR.. Frank Cody,
superintendent of schools; the
Rev. FIR. Charles II. Cloud, preSi-
dent of the University of Detroit,
and other prominent citizens and
officials.
A special telephone voting booth.
supplied with 100 trunk lines and
80 operators, has been installed
and persons wishing TO vote for
amateurs on the program may do
so by calling Cherry 500.
The identity of a Detroiter. an
amateur on the Majors program,
has been kept secret.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-01-08
Father Johns Medicine hal

been used for IS
years as a treatment
for colds and as a
body builder.
1t is rich in vita
Minis A and d and
helps to develop
strength, vigor and
vitality.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-01-08
SWiftest Motorized Army
Is US. Coal, Says General
Engineers Hear
r Air Corps Part
in Defense

The air corps part In national
defense will be described for men,
bers of the Society OF Automotive
Engineers today by Maj. Gen.
George N. Brett, chief of the air
corps.
Todays sessions of the sac
1941 annual convention will be
devoted entirely to national de-
tense subjects with additional
talks scheduled by Mai. Gen. c.
L. Scott. acting chief of the
armored forces. and Rear Admiral
John II. Towers, chief of the
bureau OF aeronautics.
Major General Scott will trace
the development and employment
of ar7nored forces. Rear Admiral
Towers will explain the navy's
program Of national defense.
TELL BRITAIN's NEEDS
Highlight Of the five-day con-
vention comes tonight with Sir
Louis Beale, head of the British
purchasing commission, expected
to tell what England needs to
win the war in a talk which fol-
lows the annual banquet The
banquet will be In the main ball
room OF the Book Cadillac.
At last nights session 1000
members heard B. B. Bachman,
chairman OF the sac national de-
tense committee, report on the
progress made by various sub
committees Of the society which
have been cooperating with ma
tional defense authorities In the
standardization Of materials.
The sac national defense COM
mittee is charged with the task OF
effectively organizingothe facilities
of the society in such a manner
IS to make them available for any
GALL.
One major activity OF the COM
mittee Is the standardization OF
aircraft and aircraft engine parts
and materials.
Standardization in the aeronau-
teal field is not entirely new,
however, for some steps along
these lines took place as long as
% years ago. But the aeronautic
field has been passing through
such a rapid change in design
develop m emit and improvement
that this sac division is pressing
the development OF new standards
TO meet defense needs.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-01-08
SPEEDY TRUCKS NEEDED

Trucks for the army must be
able to travel 40 10 80 miles an
hour by day and IS miles an hour
AT night without lights over all
kinds of terrain. They must be
able to go wherever combat troops
and artillery may be located.
Military requirements TO meet
these conditions force a departure
from commercial standards, but
in tribute to the automobile in
dustry General Gregory said that
these notifications have not seri-
ously hampered nor materially
delayed production Of trucks for
the army.
A tight policy Of Standardization
and interchangeability is being
adhered TO by the government in
its motor vehicle program. This
Standardization work for the army
has been going forward rapidly.
General Gregory pointed out that
in addition TO the motor vehicles
themselves, and the spare parts
used in repairing them, standardi-
zation also extends TO the tools and
equipment used in government re-
pair shops.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-01-08
Council Names )
Tozoning Board

Five Detroiters appointed by
Common Council 20 arbitrate dis
putes arising out of Detroit's new
zoning ordinance officially take
over" today as the zcning board
Of appeals.
Appointed by Council in a
formal resolution approved last
night, the men-Martin c. Gala
han, Frank Burton, Joseph A.
Robson. Joseph T. Schiappacasse
and Edward A. Schilling-will
maintain headquarters in Offices
adjacent to the city plan commits
sion.
Council set salaries Of $1,000
annually for four Of the board
members and $500 annually for
the board chairman, who will be
elected by the members.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-01-08

JOHN ELLIOTT COWDIN, 49,
year-old retired silk merchant and
former international polo star
died in New York yesterday after
a long illness. Mr.. Cowdin played
on the original American team
that went to England in 1902 10
retrieve the Westchester Cup. Be-
fore his retirement from business
20 years ago. he was head of
Johnson-C owdin-E mmerich, Inc.
GEORGE V. L. SPRATT, former
mayor Of Poughkeepsie. n. Y. and
a close friend of President Roose-
t,-dropped dead in his Pough-
keepsie law office yesterday
afternoon.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-01-08
Labor Shortage Here
By June 80 Forecast

There will be shortage Of fac
tory workers in the Detroit area
when manufacturing reaches its
peak soon after June 80. the Mich
igan Unemployment Compensa-
ton Commission reported today
after detailed study of industrial
conditions.
Present indications are that fac
tory jobs in this area will be from
$4,000 to $4,000 above the present
employment level of 100000, the
survey shows.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-01-08
France Defeated
by Nazi Speed,
He Warns
-By-H,- WALEsBY
Detroit Times Automobile Editor

THE best tor transport
system in the world is the goal OF
the United States Army. according
to Maj. Gen. E. B. Gregory, quar-
termaster general.
General Gregory. speaking to
members of the Society of Auto
motive Engineers at their 1871 an
nual meeting at the Book-Cadillac
Hotel, told them that 1t was fast
and reliable motor movements
which made possible the German
conquest Of France and the low
countries.
I'VE must be prepared to do
some blltzkrieging' ourselves II
the occasion demands" he SAID.
In recent conquests all German
supplies were carried by truck, the
uuartermaster general pointed out.
No attempts were made TO repair
wrecked railroads. In fact, he said,
without motor vehicles to carry
troops and supplies the word
'britzkrieg" would hardly have It's
meaning In the world today.
GOAL Is 100000 VEHICLES
To give the army transport
supremacy, General Gregory said
that the government plans to pro-
vide $50, 900 motor vehicles for the
l 10000 troops which will be IN
the field by late Summer. He told
the engineers that today we have
about 10000 vehicles in service.
BY March the army expects 10
have 100000, and by the end OF
the fiscal year about 100 600.
Sixty thousand more units will be
delivered in late Summer to swell
the total to the prescribed $4,000.
Thenumbers quoted represent a
100 per cent increase over the
number of vehicles in service four
wears ago. In April. 1887. the army
had on hand but 5000 trucks and
437 automobiles.
Principal objective of the army
is the assurance of mass produc-
ton of motor vehicles during
times of war. General Gregory
said.
Motor vehicles must be made
available ahead Of other essential
materials since they must be used
to move other commodities. And
America is not at war.
General Gregory said that the ma
tional- defense program makes
necessary greatly increased pro-
duction of all types Of war ma
terial.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-01-08
599e5

-Seal-Dyed Coney
-Mink-Dyed Coney
-Brown-Dyed Mouton Lamb
Mendoza Beaver-Dyed Coney
-Brown-Dyed Caracul-
Type Kid
-Gray-Dyed Caracul- Type Kid
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-01-08
Fur Coat Sale!

Gray Ombre-Dyed Krimmer- Type Lamb, pictured
-Blaek-Dyed Caraeul-Type Kid, pictured
Skunk Dyed Opossum Great Coats, DIN, pictured
-Gray-Dyed Krimmer-Type Lamb, Hat and Muff
(tietured)
-Sable-Dyed Opossum Great Coats, 36-n.
-Sable-Dyed Opossum, 32-n., Hat and Muff
Skunk dyed opossum, 3z-in., Hat and Muff
HIGHLANDER Leopard Steneiled Russian Cat with
Hat and Muff
-Gray-Dyed Krimmer-T Type Lamb, 4o-in.
Blue Fox-Dyed Guanaco-Type Lamb; Hat, Muff
-Silver-Dyed Red Fox Jackets, z6-in., with Hat
Sizes 10 to 20, some 50 to ~ In The group.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-01-08

On week days enjoy the two
pages OF comics and adventure
strips In the daily Detroit
Times; on Sunday, the great
Comic Weekly with WORLD
FAMOUS comics In COLORS.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-01-08
Deaths

Funeral services for the REV.
DR.. TREVOR c. JONES. 77fi re-
tired Congregational minister who
held many pastorates in the Lower
Peninsula. the last at Durand. will
be held at Durand Congregational
Church tomorrow at 2 p. m. Bur-
ial will be in Vernon, Mich. Doc
tor Trevor had served several
years as Y. NJ. c. A. secretary in
Durand after leaving his pulpit.
He is survived by three daughters,
Mrs. Charles w. Haner of Pom
tiac, Mrs. Roscoe Arnold Of Sag
NAV. and Mrs. Florence Herrick
of Detroit, and a son, Trevor (.
Jones, Detroit.
Evening star., 1941-04-14

NATE. Prices marked to are slightly
NV Sc higher In Md. and Va. Stores
due to Unfair Practices Acts. Prices effec-
tive till close Of business Tuesday, April 18th,
1871. We reserve the right to limit suanti-
ties. No sales to dealers.
Evening star., 1941-04-14
Former u. ). Judqe
Denies He Conspired
To Obsfruct Justice
Trial of Davis Is Set
For May 19; Accused
Of Accepting Fovors
Bs tie Associated Press.

BS tie Associated Press.
PHILADELPHIA, April IA,
Warren Davis, retired United States
Circuit Court judge, and Morgan
S. kaufman, Scranton Pa) attor-
ney, pleaded innocent today to a
charge of conspiracy to obstruct
justice and defraud the United
States" and their trial was set to
open May 10 in District Court.
William Fox, 62-year- -old bank
rupt movie producer, already has
pleaded guilty to the charge, which
carries a maximum penalty of two
years imprisonment and $4,000
fine.
Judge Davis is the second member
of the Federal judiciary ever to
face such an accusation in the Ma
tion's history, court attaches said.
Manton Case Recalled.
The three were indicted March
% by a Federal grand jury which
reported it had found evidence that
they conspired to obtain through
financial favors actions favorable"
to Fox in bankruptcy matters pend
ing before the Third Circuit Court
of Appeals, of which Judge Davis
was then an active member
Former Circuit Judge Martin T.
Manton of New York was convicted
on an indictment returned under
the same statute in a case which
had no connection with the one
now pending.
District Judge Robert N. Pollard
Of Richmond, Va, was assigned to
the Davis case by Chief Justice
Hughes.
IN j. jurist served on the Third
Circuit Court of Appeals under an
appointment by President Wilson
from 1920 until retirement two
years ago.
The one-count indictment charged
that Judge Davis was obligated to
kaufman, one-time Fox attorney,
because the lawyer had loaned a
relative of the judges $4,000, at
Judge Davis request, which was
never repaid during the conspiracy.
Receipt of s12,5o0 Charged.
Also, it alleged that few weeks
after Fox filed bankruptcy papers
in Atlantic City in 1886 Mr.. Kauf-
man received from him $4,000, and
within the next few months gave
to Judge Davis "a sum of money"
Further, it charged that Judge
Davis did take and receive" s12.-
500 from Fox between August, and
December, 1886.
The bankruptcy proceedings in
volved litigation around companies
created by Fox in 1882. which were
turned over to his wife and daugh-
ters. Creditors contended the COM
panies we're set up in All effort to
defraud them.
Evening star., 1941-04-14
American Consulate
In IsfanbuI Warns
Nationals 10 Leave
Transport Troubles Seen
If Turkey Enters War;
Anti-Ruid Tests Made
Ey the Associated Press.

r! the Associated Press.
ISTANBUL, Turkey, April IA
The United States Consulate wrote
a third warning yesterday to all
American citizens to leave the Istan-
bul area as the Turkish press said
I'VE must be prepared to defend
ourselves"
The warning said, "Accommoda-
tions on the few remaining routes
to America are we'll booked up in
advance. In the event of an
extension of the war, this country
would probably be extremely diff
cult, If not impossible, to leave by
any normal means of transporta-
ton"
Tests in Istanbul Area.
Anti-air raid and anti-parachutist
tests were carried out in the Istan-
bull area yesterday. The Governor
of Istanbul was to meet mayors of
the area today to organize the
speedy evacuation of nationals sug-
gested by the government last week.
European Turkey, the Dardanelles
and the Istanbul area were the sec
tions affected by the evacuation
announcement.
I'VE have been assured the Ger
mans have no aims on u.s." the
newspaper Vakit said. Then, our
precautions might seem exagger-
ated, but this is not true. Excuses
used for the attack on Greece and
Yugoslavia in Turkeys zone of
security might be used to attack
Turkey tomorrow. So we must be
prepared to defend ourselves.
There is no logical reason why
war should come to Turkey, but
If the Germans show themselves
unwilling to accept our precautions
as purely defensive and therefore
bring war to us, we say let war come
and We'll see it through"
The Hungarian invasion of Yugo-
slavia was termed by the press as
"one of the most disgusting episodes
in history"
Sir Hugh Knatchbull- -Hugessen.
British Ambassador to Turkey, saw
PRESIDENT 1smet Inonu and Foreign
Minister Sukru Saracoglu SATURDAY.,
out details of their discussions were
not disclosed.
A number of United States citi-
zens, especially women and children.
Ieit turkey some time ago upon
advice from the Consulate.
There are about 300 United States
citizens in Turkey now, most of
them in Istanbul.
The British colony includes a
number of Balkan refugees.
Evening star., 1941-04-14
May Withdrew as Far
As Motruh, British Soy

CAIRO, Egypt, April IA P.-
With axis and British forces fight
ing on Egyptian soil, British mill
tary observers predicted today that
the Army of the Nile might with
draw as far as Matruh before dig
ging in for decisive stand.
1t was there, 130 miles east of the
Egyptian-Libyan frontier, that the
British made their stand against the
Fascist advance last year and from
there that Gen. Sir Archibald P.
Wavell launched the winter counter
attack which swept more than 900
miles, beyond Bengasi in Libya.
The British acknowledged Ger
man and Italian motorized forces
took the port of Bardia, 10 miles
west of the Libyan-Egyptian from
tier, then crossed the border and
clashed over the week end with
British units in the vicinity of
Salum, Egypt.
Fighting also was reported con-
tinuing around, Tobruk, 80 miles
west of Bardia.
The axis advance skirted Tobruk
and the r. A. F. reported that Brit
ish bombers and fighters dispersed
tanks drawn up by the Germans
and Italians for an attack there.
(The German radio reported
last night that a considerable
force" of British was encircled
at Tobruk and declared surren-
der inevitable)
Axis Lines Termed Thin.
British sources stressed that the
troops in Tobruk were not sur
rounded and declared contact with
them might be established across
the desert, where axis lines were
said to have been drawn exceedingly
thin.
Bardia was said to have been un-
defended as the British Withdrew
under tactics of giving ground but
saving strength while awaiting
further replacements from East
Africa.
Some British sources in London
expressed belief the war of nerves
in the Balkans preceding the actual
outbreak of fighting there was in
tended by the Germans to draw
British troops from North Africa
and that the Germans might regard
quick conquest in North Africa a
greater prize than the whole Balkan
peninsula.
Evening star., 1941-04-14
British Seek to Expand
Textile Market in U. 5.
q, the Associated Press.

Ry the Associated Press.
LONDON, April 14.-The British
garment industry has pooled its re-
sources in an effort to reach new
markets in the United States and
Canada for British sportswear, WOOL
ems and dress fashions to help pay
for United States war supplies.
A delegation left over the week
end for New York to open an ex-
hibition of 1000 models next month
They plan later exhibits at Chicago,
San Francisco, Los Angeles and
other cities.
A spokesman said the move was
Evening star., 1941-04-14
Africa
Continued From First Page

dRB.J
capture came after "12 days of hard
and victorious fighting"
German planes raiding airports
and naval bases on the British
Mediterranean island of Malta were
reported to have hit destroyer and
downed Hurricane fighter.
Evening star., 1941-04-14
Mrs. Winunt Arrives
In England by Plane

By the Associated Press.
LONDON, April 14.-Mrs. John G
Winant, wife of the United States
Ambassador to Britain, arrived yes
terday at a Southern England air.
port after an Atlantic air crossing
She was greeted by the Ambas-
Sador and they motored to London
Evening star., 1941-04-14

not intended to compete with United
States manufacturers, who are "su-
preme in their field" but to offer
typically British fashions as col
lateral for the war financing effort.
Evening star., 1941-10-16
Washington Gas Sales
Show Record Gains
Over Year Ago
Totals for September
And Nine Months
Reach AlI-Tir,e Peaks
BY EDWARD c. STONE.

Sales by the Washington Gas
Light Co. in September were the
best for that month on record and
, sales for the first nine months of the
= present year also scored an all-time
peak, company officials announced
today.
y September sales totaled 783,984
m.cf. Thousand cubic feeD, in
comparison with 762,450 mcf. in
September a year ago, an increase
of 81 ,534 m.cf.
In the first nine months of 194l
the company's gas sales reached the
record total of 1O,744,291 m.c.f., as
compared with 10,212,013 m.cf. in
the like period year ago, notable
gain of 532.268 mcf.
Both the September and nine
months figures give a clear indica-
tion of the very sharp business gains
which have been registered in the
Capital so far this year Sales by
months in 1941, in 1000 cubic feet,
compare as follows with the CORE
sponding month in 1910.
Evening star., 1941-10-16
Break in Commodities
0vershadoWs Other
Market Trends
Stocks Widen Losses
Fractions to About
81 q Share
BY VICTOR EUBANK,
Associated Press Financial Writer,

NEW YORK, Oct. 16.-Commodi-
ties overshadowed other speculative
markets today as prices broke vio-
lently on a selling wave which bro
kers associated with the new Jap
anese crisis.
Stocks, recently sensitive to the
dangers of a Nazi capture of Mos
COW, took on fresh alarm over the
Far Eastern news and widened the
weeks losses by fractions to around
2 points. A few industrial blue chips
were down as much as 3.
The near-collapse in staples oc-
CURED around midday after word
from Washington that President
Roosevelt had called off a cabinet
meeting to talk with Army and Navy
chiefs. Speculative circles assumed
the conference was arranged for dis
cussion of the implications Of the
resignation of the japanese cabinet
headed by Premier Konoye. which
had been announced before the
opening.
Most stocks were in low territory
at the close. Dealings approximated
800 900 shares.
Among the heaviest losers were
United States Steel, General Motors,
Case, Douglas, Glenn Martin, West
ern Union. American Smelling, SAM
ia Fe, Great Northern preferred,
Standard Oil of New Jersey, Du
Pont, Eastman, Dow Chemical,
American Can and Johns-M -Manville.
Bethlehem Steel and Chrysler
reached new years lows.
Westinghouse Electric. down
points yesterday, was steady within
narrow range.
Bond Prices Decline.
The bond market generally slid
lower today as news President
Roosevelt had Cancelled his cabinet
meeting to convene with military
| advisers increased uneasiness over
world developments.
The market had been slipping a
little for the past few days but the
movement quickened a little with
number of corporate issues, partic-
ularly in the medium priced rails,
dipping a point or so.
United States Governments held
up well. although they were a trife
lower in over the counter dealings.