davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily monitor. (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1940-1942, 1941-07-10

the chemical action devics. This
last was the favueits In World
War ! days, when incendiary
pencils. their timing controlled
BY chemical action. were widely
used.
SPYING NOW ID
HIGHLY ORGANIZED
Closely related TO the work
Of the saboteur u, Of course. the
work Of the spy, about whose
work there has been colossal
hokum written and spoken. e.
pionase today a the FBI observ-
es It, II not the Job Of one agent,
working alone. getting all his
own information and then van
ishing mysteriously into the
night.
On the contrary, espionage Is
more apt to be the work Of an
organizer who collects his in
formation from any number of
sources, putting II al together
to make the completed report
that his government must have.
Much Of this information may
be obtained by perfectly legiti-
mate means. Bits Of information
are revealed through routine bu-
siness dealing between foreign
sales agents and domestic manu-
featuring concerns. Importer
port associations, scientific or
CARNATIONS and businessmen's
groups can reveal just as much
if not more information than the
infiltration Of workmen into q
plant to spy on production.
INFORMATION
Is OFTEN BOUGHT
Better, too, than the obtaining
of information directly is the
purchasing Of the information
desired from regular employees,
or obtaining 1t by pressure and
threat with reference to rela-
tives or friends of an employe
who reside in q foreign country.
Direct hire of technical experts
to enter the service of q foreign
government as an adviser has
even been resorted as success
fully.
The checks against espionage
are two: the plugging up of leaks
through which n o r m q o n
might dribble, and the work of
counter-espionage - the setting
of spies to watch the spies.
That is q game that two play,
and no one talks about. 1t is a
standing rule, not only of the
FBI, but also of the army and
navy intelligence services, that
the work of counter-espionage is
never revealed. To do 50 merely
tips the hand of the spy who Is
being spied on. Only when q
case is complete and the chain
of conspirators con pletel y
known Is the trap ready to be
sprung.
NEXT: How Scares Are Used
as Weapons to Threaten National
Defense.
The daily monitor. (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1940-1942, 1941-07-10
Loses $40 and Oil
10 Gyp Artist

ROSEVTLLE-A young gas
station attendant complained to
Rosevillle Police that he had
taken a short lesson in short
change methods and came out
short $40 and six quarts of oil.
AS consolation, however, the
artist left him with a diamond"
ring valued at ten cents.
Evening star., 1941-02-02

later renamed the Washington Mu-
scum, was in charge of the Gov
ernment collections in the Patent
Office at the time they were trans
ferred from that building to the
Smithsonian Institution, and he,
with several others, was continued
on the pay roll of this institution,
where Mr.. Warden remained as
curator until his death in 1865.
Another art gallery and museum
combined, called the National Mu-
scum and Gallery of Fine Arts, as
we'll as the Rotunda, occupied the
triangular park where is now the
Pulaski statue. on Pennsylvania ave-
nue. between Thirteenth and Four
teenth streets, prior to 1895.
Name Adopted.
Whether the Washington Art As
Sociation Of the period of 1850 had
a collection of fine arts is not
known, but it did have a corps of
officers, of which the president was
Horatio Stone; Charles Haskin,
vice president; John Cranch, COR
responding secretary; J. B. Bruff
recording secretary; I. M. Stanley,
treasurer. and Philip Harry, libra
rian. This association met in rooms
over Sibley & Guys, on Pennsyl-
vania avenue, between Tenth and
Eleventh streets. This firm, which
included w. j. Sibley and B. F.
Guy, sold stoves, CRATES and house
furnishing goods.
For many years. or until Andrew
Mellon made his famous art gift to
the Nation, and guaranteed suf-
Evening star., 1941-02-02

icient number of millions to erect
the beautiful building that now
adorns Constitution and Pennsyl-
vania avenues as well as a fund for
its preservation, the National Gal
lery Of Art was department of fine
arts of the National Museum, under
the direction of the Smithsonian
Institution. But when Mr.. MELONS
generous donation was accepted by
Congress, the name adopted by the
Smithsonian for its art gallery was
transferred to the gallery pre-
Sented by Mr.. Mellon, and the mu-
scum, for its gallery, took the
name National Collection of Fine
Arts, of which R. P. Tolman has
been acting director since the death
of w. H. Holmes, some years ago.
The National Gallery of Art COR
to more clearly define it, the Mellon
Library, is also under the direction
OF the Smithsonian Institution, as
is the Freer Gallery. the director of
which is John E. Lodge.
Undoubtedly the first boost to
art life in Washington, prior to the
quite recent gift of Mr.. Mellon. was
that given to it by our own native
son, William w. Corcoran, when
this benefactor erected the gallery
that bears his illustrious name, and
endowed it.
Most every one knows that the
present Corcoran Gallery of Art
stands at the corner of New York
avenue and Seventeenth street. but
only the older citizens recall where
the original gallery was located.
Evening star., 1941-02-02

though the building still stands at
the northeast corner of Pennsyl-
vania avenue and Seventeenth
street, short distance TO the
northwest of the White House.
Structure Opened.
This old structure, which is now
occupied by the Court of Claims.
was begun by Mr.. Corcoran in 1859
and was opened to the public in
1872, and inaugurated on Washing
tons birthday anniversary by a grand
ball for the benefit of the Washing
ton Monument. 1t was completed
and would have been occupied sooner
as an art gallery had it not been
taken over by the Government dur
ing the Civil War and used as the
QuartermaSter Generals Office.
The building and the ground cost
the donor S250,000, and the value
Of the collection of statues and pic
lures with which the gallery was
started cost 100000.
Says an old account: THE build
ing was commenced in 1859. From
1861 to 1869 it was occupied by the
Quartermaster General of the United
States Army.
1T is in the renaissance style, and
has frontage of 104 feet on Penn
sylvania avenue and 124l2 feet on
Seventeenth street. The exterior is
constructed of brick, with facings,
trimmings and ornaments of Belle
vile freestone. The front on Penn
sylvania avenue is divided into a
central pavilion. with a curtain on
either side, and f1anked by two other
Evening star., 1941-02-02

was son of Thomas Law by his first
wife; Roger Weightman served as
mayor of Washington; William
Thornton designed the original
Capitol; James B. Blake was COM
missioner of public buildings, and
Samuel H. Smith, first editor and
owner of the National Intelligencer.
But the Columbian Institute did
not prosper, and in 184l seems to
have been merged into the National
Institute, formed that year, and in
whose custody was placed the
botanic collection of the Wilkes Ex-
ploring Expedition of 1888, that had
been kept in Philadelphia before
being brought to Washington.
About this time, other collections
turned over to the National Institute
included a collection of mineralog-
ical and geographic specimens OBJ
tanned by the Corps of Topograph-
ical Engineers, the collection of
Indian portraits from the War De-
partment, the books, minerals and
works of art of the Columbian In
stitute and the books and papers of
the American Historical Society.
Exhibits Transferred.
One of the earliest employees of
the National Institute was T. Peale,
who was its naturalist, according to
the city directory for 1916, and re-
sided on the south side of New York
avenue between Thirteenth and
Fourteenth streets NV. John
Warden, an exhibitor of art treas
ures as early as 1929, in what was
known as the John Warden Museum,
Evening star., 1941-02-02

records of the regents room, then
over the south door. Here also were
stored the silver plate and other
effects of James SmithSon, founder
of the institution; the library of
Bishop Johns of Virginia and the
Beaufort, S. c.. Library. All went
up in flames. The valuable appara-
tus presented to the institution by
Dr.. Robert Hare was only a part
of the scientific equipment lost, as
was also a full set of pneumatic
instruments for the institution, and
many other valuable scientific i'm
plements.
THE Dying Gladiator" one of the
valued pieces of statuary, was
crushed to pieces when the roof
fell in. The sarcophagus which
stands in front of the old building
of the National Museum and which
was offered to President Andrew
Jackson as a tomb for his remains,
but politely declined by him, was
also damaged in the Smithsonian
fire and still bears the marks of
falling timbers upon it.
This calamity led to the scattering
for over 80 years of most of what
remained part of the collection,
mainly prints, being deposited in
the Library of Congress and a part
in the Corcoran Gallery of Art.
The cause of this fire was about
as unusual as one might imagine.
Some workmen, it seems, were
assigned to a room which had been
unoccupied for long time. Becom-
ing cold, they decide to build
fire in a stove which was standing
in the room. The stove pipe ran
to what appeared to be a perfectly
good flue in the wall, but which
turned out to be just a Turing or
blank space. Consequently, the re-
suit was, that instead of the smoke
and heat-and probably sparks too
going up the supposed chimney
f1ue, these elements were discharged
into a loft Immediately under the
roof instead of into the air.
Evening star., 1941-02-02

would certainly have to make a
house-to o-house inspection to prove
otherwise.
The Netherlands programs in
general follow the pattern of the
Norwegian. They are sent over the
air Is minutes after the conclusion
of the latter, last Is minutes, half
the time of the Norwegian, and
are transmitted five instead of seven
days a week.
AS in the case of their fellow
conquered state, the tenor of the
Dutch broadcasts is aimed to be
informative rather than provocative.
I'VE feel" said an official of the
Royal Netherlands Legation, that
we in the security of the United
States or England have no right
to attempt to provoke our less fortu-
nate countrymen to open rebel
lion. Moreover, such an act on
their part would be suicidal at
present"
1t is also the aim of the Dutch
broadcasters to reach their sailors
at sea and their possessions in the
Pacific and Atlantic. Despite the
war at sea the Netherlands still
has about 2,5O0,oOo tons of ship
ping left, literally plying the seven
seas.
Many sailors and officers of these
vessels, both merchant and fighting,
still do not know the fate of their
families and friends in Holland,
and thus it is the function of the
radio broadcast to pass on what
ever information regarding COM
munities or individuals it may re-
ceive.
Hendrix w. Van Loon, the author,
has aided considerably in the prep
aration of these programs, and the
Netherlands Consul in Boston has
often done the actual broadcaSting.
Other Programs.
From WRUL there are other
programs designed for other coun-
tries - specifically for Albania,
Czecho- -Slovakia, Italy, France,
Austria, Greece, Germany and
Yugoslavia.
Gaetano Salvemini, professor of
Evening star., 1941-02-02
Bv A. A. HOehlinp,

From Washington, D. c., thou
sands of miles from their home
lands, the governments of at least
two of Hitler's victim countries are
maintaining a contact with their
peoples that even the Gestapo can
not completely rupture. D
The means by which Norway and
Holland are keeping this contact
is short-wave radio. With little
publicity and no fanfare, daily
broadcastS are going across the
Atlantic to the conquered lands and
have been going since last fall.
In the legations of Norway and
Holland. here, aided by the consul
lates in New York and Boston, news.
messages, addresses by prominent
citizens or guests of this country
and variety of contemporaries
material are prepared or arranged
for by secretaries, clerks and by the
ministers and conSuls themselves.
From here and from the consul
lates the program material is sent to
the World Wide Broadcasting
Foundation in Boston, an organiza-
ton recently established to foster,
cultivate and encourage the spirit
of international understanding and
to promote the enlightenment Of
individuals throughout the world
From the foundations station,
WRUL, at the University Club in
Boston, the programs are wired
down to the old fishing town of
Scituate and sent into the ether
and across the seas from trans
mitting tower improvised from an
old brick smokestack.
This is how, as one official Of the
Royal Netherlands Legation put it.
''hope" is being kept alive in the
conquered and suppressed people
of Europe.
Peril for Listeners.
Only one other broadcasting es-
tablishment in one other country
of the world-the B. B. G. in Lon
don-is duplicating this systematic
brand of hope fostering, and the
people of Norway and Holland and
Evening star., 1941-02-02

south of Boston. An old smoke
stack of the abandoned Govern
ment plant was pressed into service
for an antenna tower to cut down
on construction costs.
Despite the makeshift appear
ance of the tower, however, WRUL,
with its 50,000-watt power, is prob
ably more effective than other more
expensive and more powerful sta
tions inland. For radio waves ema-
mating from Scituate on the edge
of the ocean can pursue their zig
gag course, bouncing up and down
between the water and the icono-
phere all the way to South Amer
lea, Europe or Africa with no in
terference.
Recently the brOadcaStS from
WRUL inspired writer in France
to make an impassioned plea to
America. In letter relayed from
relatives in California to the sta
ton the writer, who called himself
an artisan" said in part:
I'VE can hear you quite well in
France. am one of those who
listen to you regularly. We are
eager to know American opinion,
for we have faith in you despite
official appearances. We turn to-
ward you and beg you not to let
our country perish.
80 Our country has fallen un-
der the domination of those who
we're never generous. 1t fell in
few days, we scarcely know how
or why. The eonqueror has erected
between the two zones an artificial
wall that nothing can warrant. 1t
is form of moral and economic
suffocation, a sort of torture.
Think of this, Americans-that
liberties and independence which
have been achieved at the cost of
great struggles are now crumbling
and disappearing. Remember
that the system of oppression is
creeping over the world The giant
statue in New York, enlightening
the world, no longer lights the whole
world.
Americans, rekindle this flame,
make 1t burn brighter than ever!"'
Evening star., 1941-02-02

of other subject countries listen at
peril of severe punishmentS and
possibly of their lives.
But they listen just the same.
Here is letter smuggled out of
Eindhoven, Holland, which finally
reached WRUL in Boston:
"I wish to express my thanks for
the regular programs to which 1
have been listening. The last week
I got a very fine reception of your
station on the 25-meter band, and,
except for a little fading, it comes
through like a European trans
mitter.
Perhaps you know that we here
in Holland are not allowed to listen
to foreign broadcasting, so I am
sorry that I cannot give you my
name and address, for we go two
years to prison if we are caught
for that"
Other letters, both from foreign
countries which are conquered and
those which are relatively free, as
we'll as from sailors at sea, attest
that the messages are not going
into deaf space.
The Norwegian broadcasting serv-
ice at the Legation here started to
smash at the Nazi fences in Nor
way the latter part of September
Since that time broadcasts have
been maintained every day of the
week and Sunday to bring the Nor
wegians news that isn't passed and
prepared by Official sources" in
Berlin.
Crown Princess Martha of Nor
way, now living near Bethesda, Md,
made one of the first speeches over
the short-wave station, as did the
Norwegian Minister. Wilhelm Nor
genstierne. Others who either have
spoken to Norway or are going to
speak include such perSonages as
DR.. Albert Einstein, Hendrix w
Van Loon, Thomas Mann, Paul Van
iceland, William Allen White
Pearl S. Buck, Raymond Gram
Swing, Maj. George Fielding Eliot
and Sinclair Lewis.
The news is gathered from q
variety of sources, from newspapers
Evening star., 1941-02-02
The present Corcoran Gal
lery of Art, Seventeenth street
and NetD York dDenue.
Buckingham Photo.

Ten years before this fire occurred
workmen had made this fiue hole
and occupied the room for some
time, strange to say, without causing
any trouble. This previous fire
however, had caused the woodwork
to become almost charcoal, anc
when the second lot of men came
along decade later, they uncon-
sciously started a fire in a place
almost as appropriate as in hay
stack.
Soon the rafters were ablaze, and
before the fire was discovered, the
entire woodwork was in flames. Sc
rapid was the fire that but few OF
the contents of the upper rooms
could be removed before the ROOT
fell in.
Wind Drove Flames.
Extreme cold weather prevailed at
the time, and before the engines
could be brought into service, the
whole roof was in flames. The fire
started at about Is minutes to 8
o'clock pm, at the west end of the
center building, and the flames were
driven by strong wind eastwardly
toward the east wing, and thus fortu-
nately away, as it happened, from
the library which was at that time in
the west wing, otherwise an addi-
tional loss of some 10000 volumes
would have been sustained.
THE fire, as it mounted the central
tower and burst forth in full volume
from the main roof, was magnifl-
Gently grand, and a curious spectacle
was presented by the unperturbed
steadineSs of the revolutions of the
thermometer Cor wind register) sur
mounting the tower, while the fierce
flame was ravenously mounting to
its destruction"
The Federal Governments and
the District governments fire en-
gines both responded to this fire,
Franklin Engine, No. /, being the
first to reach the ground and get
to work
The stone work of the building
stood very well, except a portion of
the east tower on the north front,
which fell about AIS o'clock with a
terrific crash, causing a general
scattering of the crowd. but, fortu-
nately, throughout the fire, no one
was injured.
Pioneer Gallery.
The beginning of art collections,
or art galleries in Washington, can
most likely be traced to the ColUm-
bian Institute (originally the Metro
politan Society, organized in 1916,
the temporary officers being Rev.
John Andrew Hunter, DR.. Edward
Catbush. DR.. Alexander M. S. Will
liams, Nathaniel Cutting and Ben
jamin Henry Latrobe. When the
society was incorporated in 1918, the
following names appeared as in
corporators: Edward Catbush, An
drew Hunter, Thomas Law, Joseph
Anderson. Robert Brent, Overton
Carr, Nathaniel Cutting, Elias B.
Caldwell, John Law, Roger C..
Weightman, William Thornton.
ooSidIl melSS, OdIIleS n. bldke ana
Samuel H. Smith. These men were
among the most prominent citizens
of Washington at that time.
Benjamin H. Latrobe will be re-
called as one of Washington early,
foremost architects; Thomas Law
one of its first rich citizens, who
took for his second wife the grand
daughter of Martha Washington
and later divorced her; Robert Brent
was Washington's first mayor: Elias
B. Caldwell was clerk of the United
States Supreme Court; John Law
Evening star., 1941-02-02

and news services to reliable
spokesmen" of this and other coun-
tries, edited by the Norwegians in
charge of the broadcasting service,
many of whom, incidentally, are
experienced newspapermen, and
then sent in condensed form by the
sky route to Norway.
Mr.. Swing, the radio commenta-
tor, has made all of his talks avail
able to be rebroadcast in Norwegian.
In expressing confidence as to
the reception of the broadcasts by
the intended listeners the Nor
wegian Legation recently an
nounced:
From authoritative information
already at hand it can definitely
be stated that the goodwill broad
casts are being heard daily in all
parts of Norway. Clear reception
is also reported from Finland and
Sweden.
Officers and men aboard scores
of Norwegian ships have reported
their great delight on hearing news
Qdiiy III 4NO1 WCSId1l dliO ililtoiN 4iOiAA
the homeland. Of particular in
terest to them were the broadcasts
of visits to the training camps in
Canada, where large Norwegian air
and naval units are preparing to
serve King and country"
Sent in Dark Hours.
In many parts of the world the
broadcasts have been heard, the
Legation added. To list few-Da-
kar, West Africa; Johannesburgh,
South Africa; Bermuda, Brazil and
st. Helena and by vessels on the
North Sea, the Gulf of Mexico, the
Pacific Ocean, the Antarctic. the
North and South Atlantic and West
Indian waters.
Well timed, also, are the pro-
grams. Transmitted from Boston
in midafternoon, they are heard by
Norwegians around $50 o'clock at
| night. Thus it is dark in the towns
and hamlets and in the country
side of that Scandinavian country,
and 1t is to be supposed that all
good people are tucked away in
bed and asleep. And the Gestapo
Evening star., 1941-02-02

history at Harvard University and
leader of free thinking" Italians
IN this country, personally sponsors
the italian broadcasts, while the
French department of the same
university daily sponsors the trans
mission to France. The station it.
self or various individuals make
possible the broadcasts to the other
countries mentioned.
The World Wide Broadcasting
Foundation and WRUL are the
outgrowth of the dreams and as
pirations which Walter S. Lennon
began to have when he served as
special radio officer on the staff of
President Wilson during the YER
sailles Peace Conference.
Then did Mr.. Lennon, who is
still a young man, realize how great
a need there was for cutivating
understanding directly between the
peoples of the nations and deter
mined to utilize the newly devel-
oping science of radio for the pur-
pose.
Not until the middle of the last
decade, however, when short-wave
sets came onto the commercial mar
ket in mass quantity, was Mr.. Lem
mon able to set up the foundation
and start experimental broadcasts
on Station W1xAL, the predecessor
of WRUL.
Use World War Service.
No advertising is done on the
programs, and the foundation
works on a completely non-profit
basis for the sole purpose of further
ing culture and the cause of free
dom throughout the world. Inter-
ested in one way or another in the
organization are the Carnegie En-
dowment for international Peace,
the Rockefeller Foundation, the
Christian Science Monitor, Har-
ward, Massachusetts, Institute of
Technology and several other CEN
ters of learning.
Ironically enough, the transmit
ting facilities are located on an old
World War Government proving
and testing ground at scituate,
Evening star., 1941-02-02
Various Collections Have
Contributed to Growth
Smithsonian and Corcoran
Have Been Valued Forces
In Development of Field
By John CIaeeH Proctor.

Just what any can be attached to the selection of st
Paricks the dedication of National Gallery
question this time unable
Mellon,
Evening star., 1941-02-02

Residence of w. w. Corcoran.
nOl0 site of the National
Chamber OF Commerce, Latd-
yette Square. The one-Story
addition to the left 1OaS used
by Mr.. Corcoran for his art
collections before he erscte6
his gallery at Seventeenth
street and Pennsylvania due
nue..
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-10-30
For Savoyards
BENJAMIN DeCMSSeE'PS

can play the piano and can
MARBLE. why, | advise you TO en-
ter between the covers OF this
book, close the door of the world
behind you and break loose
though all the neighbors yelp
Police"
Westward the star Of empire
takes It's way" said Bishop
Berkeley more than 200 years
ago.
The bishop, who, by the way,
was also a great philosopher,
saw actually and potentially all
of Europe heading for America.
have been looking at an in
teresting map that the Hearst
papers printed. The Star of
Empire" American brand. is
taking its way east at a rapid
rate. Only a few years ago
our neutrality zone was II miles
offshore, the prohibition toeline,
then IL became 300 miles. u
Now the empire OF our sway
takes in COR Will the Azores,
the Canaries. the Cape Verde
Islands, Iceland. Greenland and.
maybe. Dakar. Africa.
have a prophetic bunch that
our future empire" will soon
include the whole Atlantic