davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Imperial Valley press., 1941-05-16
Cockroaches Worse
Than Hitler Claim

WASHINGTON, May Is CUP)-
Congress was warned by one of its
members today that it has less
to fear from Adolf Hitler invading
the capitol than from cockroachcs. !"
He hoped to get $4,000 appropria-
ton to clean them out.
Rep. George Bender, r., O., re-
ported that the "cockroach situa-
ton" was terrible; that he had
found nests of them in his desk
none over three inches long,
and noticed them in great numbers
in the Republican cloakrooms.
Imperial Valley press., 1941-05-16
Tondro Appointed d
To Magazine Post

w A. Tondro, we'll known El Cen
tro businessman and proprietor of
the Valley Auto Supply company,
Friday was appointed a member Of
the editorial advisory board of job
Der Topics.
He was asked to become a mem
Der Of the board by the publishers
of the magazine devoted to the
trade Tondro is interested in.
Imperial Valley press., 1941-05-16
SUES FOR DAMAGES

Joseph E. Foster Thursday sued
the Acme Brewing company for
$4,000 damages. He said two bot
ties of beer exploded while he was
loading cases of beer on a truck and
bottle glass injured his eye. He
asked $4,000 general damages and
$4,000 special damages for loss of
earnings. He said the accident oc-
Cured May Is, 1910.
Imperial Valley press., 1941-05-16

Desert dwellers Friday were
warned to be particularly careful
of fire when visiting forest areas
during summer vacations this year.
L. r. Swenson, forest guard at
Mt. Laguna, visited Imperial VAL
ley Friday to ask valley residents
to be more careful than ever be-
fore because the fire hazards this
Imperial Valley press., 1941-05-16
GIVEN JAIL SENTENCE

James Taylor, Westmorland ele-
mentary school teacher, was sent
to the county Jail for year on a
morals charge Friday. He pleaded
guilty to contributing to the de-
linquency of young boys. Judge R.
D. McPherrin denied Taylor's re-
quest for probation.
Imperial Valley press., 1941-05-16
DIVORCE SUIT
FILED

A divorce suit was filed in su-
perior court Friday by Florence
Brooke against Vernon Brooke. She
said her husband was employed by
an airplane manufacturing company
in San Diego. They married in Guy
mon. Okla. Aug. Is. 1880 and sep
arated Jan. Is, 1911. They have two
children.
Imperial Valley press., 1941-05-16
OFFICER RESIGNS
FROM SHERIFF'S STAFF

Deputy Sheriff Joe Lizarraras re-
signed from the staff of Sflriff
Robert w. Ware this week to take
position as salesman with an in
surance company in Santa Ana. Liz
arraras has been in the fingerprint
and Photographic department at the
sheriff's office for the last six years.
Imperial Valley press., 1941-05-16
GETS JAIL SENTENCE

Ray de los Cobos, Calexico gar
ageman. Friday was ordered to
spend a year in DE county Jail for
contributing to the delinquency Of
a minor girl. His request for pro-
baton was denied. Ho was given a
week to get his business affairs in
order.
Imperial Valley press., 1941-05-16
300 Boy Scouts
In Big Comporee

Tents and campfires will dot
Holtville city park Saturday and
Sunday when more than 300 Boy
Scouts assemble for their annual
Camporee.
Scouts will put into practice what
they have learned about camping
Imperial Valley press., 1941-05-16

introduced by F. l. Young. chair
man of the cay, Mr.. J. H. Edgar. of
FL Centre, spoke very optimistically
on the future of Imperial Valley
when he addressed the Kiwanis
club Wednesday Next week will
find Harvey Nipper as chairman.
when the program will be planned
around the subject Citizenship
IN conjunction with 7 am an Amer
ican" week.
Imperial Valley press., 1941-05-16
CARPENTER DIES

Roy L. Brown, 81, carpenter liv-
ing 212 miles south of FL Centro.
died in an El Centre hospital this
week. The body was sent to North
Hollywood for services and inter-
ment. Brown had lived III Imperial
Valley for three years.
Imperial Valley press., 1941-05-16
SUES FOR DIVORCE

Charging cruelty. Valentino Fusi
Friday sued Inez Fusi for divorce.
He said his wife told him she was
interested in another man. They
married in Yuma Jan. 10, 1910 and
separated July l3 in the same year.
Imperial Valley press., 1941-05-16
Scanning L.v
News Horizon
DIVORCE SUIT
FILED

Patsy Maynard Thursday sued
Oryel Maynard for divorce, charg-
ing him with extreme cruelty and
asking for custody of their eight
year-old daughter. She said her
husband became intoxicated and
created disturbances at her home
and the coffee shop she operated in
Holtyille. They married in Yuma
March 20, 1882 and separated May
7. l94l.
Imperial Valley press., 1941-05-16

Sponsored by the Parent Teacher
association, a motion picture, When
Bobby Goes 10 School,. will be
shown at the high school auditor
ium. Monday. 7:30 p. m. Being an
educational film and dealing with
the health of the pre- school child,
all parents are urged to attend.
Paul Rollins fortunately suffered
only slight injuries Wednesday cyen-
ing, when he was caught IN a
threshing machine while working at
the Henry Gibson ranch.
Imperial Valley press., 1941-05-16
ASKS FOR DIVORCE

Gladys Willis Thursday filed a
divorce suit against George Willis.
She charged him with extreme
cruelty. They married in Tyler,
Texas, in 1886 and separated in
l94l.
Imperial Valley press., 1941-05-16
MASONIC LODGE
TO CONFER DEGREE

El Centre lodge No. 384. F. and
A. M, will confer a degree at the
meeting Monday night at 7:30
o'clock in the Masonic temple.
Imperial Valley press., 1941-05-16
ASKS FOR PROBATION

Mrs. Juanita Taylor pleaded guilty
in superior court to a charge OF
issuing bad checks. She asked for
probation and the hearing was
scheduled for May 23.
Imperial Valley press., 1941-05-16
SENT TO JAu

HOLTVILLE, May l6-"Go get me
some money or I won't Save any
cream and sugar in my coffee in
JAIL" John Ingram ordered his wife
when he was sentenced to the coun-
ty jail for 80 days for assault. And
what about my family?" Ingram de-
manded of Judge E. J. Smith in
justice court. Smith told him the
county would take care Of that
Imperial Valley press., 1941-05-16
FILES COMPLAINT

Vera Apodaca Catlin Friday filed
suit for divorce against FLOYD Cat
lin. They married in San Jose June
13, 1927 and separated Dec. 25, 1888.
Imperial Valley press., 1941-05-16

and directing the 'revuesical" WITH
dance routines directed by Blanche
Courtney. and costumes designed
by Miss Jessie McCu!ley.
Imperial Valley press., 1941-05-16
DECREE GRANTED

Fred J. Eaton Friday obtained an
interlocutory divorce decree from
Maria A. Eaton.
Imperial Valley press., 1941-05-16

Mrs. F. L. Young left Tuesday 10
spend several weeks with her daugh-
ter. Mrs. Sam Yocum, who is re-
covering from a recent illness.
Imperial Valley press., 1941-05-16

Howard Wang has recovered suf-
ficiently from his recent illness 10
resume his duties as Spanish in
structor at the high school.
Imperial Valley press., 1941-05-16
WEATHER

Southern California = Generally
clear Friday and Saturday except
early morning fog and low cloud
less coastal areas; slightly warmer
Friday and Saturday.
Imperial Valley press., 1941-05-16

Tom Caughlin. Jr., arrived home
recently from Salinas.
Imperial Valley press., 1941-05-16
Opticion

One who makes. or who deals
in. optical glasses and instru-
ments.
Henderson daily dispatch., 1941-11-21
THIRTEEN

DON'T THEY look darling?'
said the mother of the Meyer twins
to Mrs. Daniel Van Vert Jones.
Darling" said Mrs. Jones with
out enthusiasm. She kept wonder
ing how on earth she would ever
get through a dinner to which Rose
and Lily were invited. 1T seems to
me, however" she added, that
Rose should have Worn the blue,
and Lily the pink
ooh, no." said the plump Mrs.
Meyer. Roses skin was made for
pink
The two Women were Joined by
the wives of the other officers Of
the Dainty Diana Diaries, and soon
there was a steady hum of feminine
chatter.
One Of the innocent bystanders
cot a glimpse of the banner, "Nel~
come to Miss Typical Farmers
Daughter" Rose and Lily were
holding up, and shrugged.
"Another n of those typical
what-have-yous,' he said to his
companion. The worlds beng
flooded with Them
"Yeah,' said his companion. y
wish they'd start a search for the
typical job for the typical working
man. I'd go for a contest like that
$50 would l." said the FIRST
speaker.
They walked closer to the Meyer
twins. One of the men Wlnked at
Rose.
"Fresh.' she said.
"Oh," said the man. cit can talk"
BEAT it," said Lily, before we
wrap this banner around your
neck"
Come on" said the other man,
"she means it"
you bet she does" said Rose.
When the men had gone, Lily
turned to her sister.
Il never felt so silly in all my
life" she said.
Il feel twice as silly as that
said Rose.
Roy Leonard hurried past them.
"How much longer do we have to
stand here initiating the Statue of
Liberty?" Lily demanded,
"Shhhhh.' said Roy Leonard.
"Only until Miss Farmer is escort
ed TO her car"
Which" said Rose, may be for
Henderson daily dispatch., 1941-11-21
"a day and may be forever"

a day n may be fOreVer.'
Keep your chins up" said r
encouragingly.
Its our arms that are b%otherirs
us said Lily, not our CHR
IF We have to stand here much
longer" said Rose you'll have 10
build a scaffold around us
Roy laughed and moved on.
He joined the band, and stepped
to the leaders side, he glanced at
the music upon the rack. He
gasped.
Good Lord, man." he exclaimed,
you can't play THAT"
why not ?" said the band leader,
The girls from the south, amt
she?"
OF course!' said Roy. But
playing Marching Through Geor-
gia before a southerner is like
waving a red rag in front OF a
bull"
"Why?"
"sherman," said Roy. "The Yam
kees-maching toward the sea
Misunderstanding. Read your his
tory, man.
"Okay. Okay. Whatn ! play
"'Dixie,' of course" said Roy.
"Okay, you're the DOCTOR sait
the band leader. But I still think
Marching Through Georgia has
got more umph.'
"Never mind the 'umph'," sale
Roy. Just play 'DiNie'-and play il
like it's written, too. None of TINS
swing stuff"
"Okay!.' The band leader turned
to his men. Haul out YOU
'Dixies',' he said. And play it like
you-all was rip-roaring rebels"
"That's the idea said Roy. "AnC
good luck.'
He turned TO 90, and Iren,
touched his arm.
Hello, Manhattan Knight." she
greeted.
Whats the big idea?" Ro,
asked.
well, Roy, darling. you are {
knight, you notwithstanding YOU
fair lady"
Can it,"
"All you need IS a snow-whitt
charger, and
II know-a suit of armor."
Irene laughed. Il still think my
suggestion was a good one
its lousy said Roy. If I ma,
speak plainly"
BY all means said Irene. An(
then; DO l ride in the same ca
with you and Miss F'armer?"
IF you WISH
Il 90 wish. l want to get an eye
full and an earfu; Of the gal a:
quickly as ! can
"And don't pull any cracks" Ro,
warned. after all, Susan Formc.
isn't wise to the ways Of the world
and she might not get just VIVA
you're driving at, Even if 70,
aren't always any toe subtle, n,
darling"
every eel, knight. I shcr /.
good. By the way, how are you
ing to recognize tne gal? +
travelling in her gingham gown
sunbonnet?"
Certainly not. She wrote she,
be wearing a simple gray suit, an(
Henderson daily dispatch., 1941-11-21
SYNOPSIS

FRED NOSHER. up-and-coming young
real estate dealer in q southern town,
long has been the sutton OF
SUSAN FARMER. who has rejected all
his proposals because she feels that
She has the duty of leplenishlng the
family fortune of her aunt,
MISS ALICE FARMER. who lives with
Susan on the family plantation.
ROY LEONARh, inspired by the mem-
DRY of a farm girl he met when he
was l6. is the young advertising mar
who gets the idea Of a contest TO lind
the typical farmers daughter" He
is engaged to marry
IRENE CARTER, secretary 10 the head
OF the company.
YESTERDAY: The reception = band,
banners and all-Is lyady for Susan
in the New York railroad station,
where h"r train will arrive.
Henderson daily dispatch., 1941-11-21
Efforts to Popu|orize the
Soy Bean Meet Handbags

ues. This is what makes it SO val
liable in food shortage areas; it
can be transported without spoil
ing.
1t can be used in allergic diets
for people who are sensitive to
meat or milk protein.
Helpful for Diabetes
For diabetes it can be used as
a bread substitute because the
flour contains almost no carbohy-
drate or starch.
Bread made from soy bean flour
is useful on a reducing diet, be-
cause not as much of it is eaten.
1t is more filing.
The mature beans come in pods
like lima beans, but smaller. 1t
takes a lot of cooking to soften
them up; in fact, as baked beans
they never do become very tender.
They can be used as the Chinese
use them, as sauces where their tat
content helps.
They have other values besides
food values. They are wonderful
fertilizers, and an easy crop to
grow. Insect pests, fungus or
virus does not injure it. Its worst
enemies are rabbits, who feed on
the young plants, which confirms
my opinion of the rabbits stand
ing as a gourmet.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
r. S. H.: please tell me what
egg volk contains. Does it contain
c~arotcne?'
The yolk of egg is of much more
Importance dietetically than the
white. 1t contains fat, vltamins
and iron and other minerals. 1t
contains large amounts Of Vita
min A. Carotene is simply the
substance in vegetables from
which Nitamin a is created by the
animal body.
Henderson daily dispatch., 1941-11-21
By NEWMAN CAMPBELL.

(Ihe international Uniform Les
son on the above topic for Nov. 23
is Ps. 1903, l07, Matt. 6:5-l5; John
l7:l-26; Eph, 5:l8-2l; Phil. 4.6; |
Golden Text beng i Thess. SIT, 10.
pray without ceaSing; IN everything
Henderson daily dispatch., 1941-11-21

EDITORS NOTE: Dr.. Clendening has
seven pamphlets which can be optalheu by
readers. Each pamphlet sells for 10 cents
For any one pamphlet desired. send ~
cents in coin. and a self-addressed envelope
stamped with a three-cent stamp. TO Dr.
LOGAN Clendening. in care OF tins paper.
The pamphlets are: Three Weeks kedus-
ine Diet, indigestion and Constipation .
Producing and Gaining. Infant Feed.
inr", INSTRUCTIONS for the Treatment OF
plabetcs". Feminine Hygiene and "lhs
Care of the Hair and Skin.
Henderson daily dispatch., 1941-11-21

Dr.. Clendcning will answer
questions Of general interest
only, and then only through
his column.
Henderson daily dispatch., 1941-11-21
nv LOGAN CLENDENING. VI. D.

. Real honest to goodness cold
feet. not the emotional kind due to
war filters, are not Pigments of the
imagination. The blood is main
tanned at a uniform temperature
Henderson daily dispatch., 1941-11-21
By LOGAN CLENDENING, NJ. D..

Q A concerted effort, even to Civ
ing it a catchy name-"The Celes-
tial Beams being made to in
troduce the soy bean into our diet
arv. | don't know whether it will
succeed or not. Soy bean flour may
Henderson daily dispatch., 1941-11-21
Keep Your Feet Warm for
Comfort and Avoid Winter Ills

anu setIIhg your leet chilled leads
Lo,aL 90. uIS''ss OF hot IS de-
GU poSsioIy II Is con-
MANI - J." 'ne oeVeiop-
a,rira a..'''o.' I"iu ana oIher
nara ~'.''''.o,S when are
aa, ~ w winter ',ihe; also
fever. which is urobahIv Tho n'ns,
serious disease associated with
cold, damp climates and poor hous-
ing conditions, which include hard
flooring and damp flooring.
The question of tho cbi1irr Of
the body surface as a contribnforv
factor TO the c@ausation of w]intor
diseases has not hcon snbiacted 70
critical scientific study. Certainly
the blood underneath the surface
Of the skin of cold feet" must be
made colder by the chilling than
the rest Of the blood in the body.
InlS chilled blood, r%ejoining the
Henderson daily dispatch., 1941-11-21

Dr.. Clendening Will answer
questions of general interest
only, ana then only through
his column.
Henderson daily dispatch., 1941-11-21

during health in the central or
cans. but not at the peripherIes of
the body, and particularly not On
the skin of the feet.
When your feet feel cold, they
really are cold and this can be
proved by a skin thermometer.
Warm or cold feet make all the
difference in the world between
comfort and discomfort.
There are plenty of reasons why
the feet should be the coolest part
Of the body, whether out of doors
or in. Cold air, due to gravity, goes
toward the surface of the ground
and to the floor, and unless care
fully protected the feet react cor
respondingly.
When heating is done by open
fires, cold air to keep the fires go
ing blows along the floor.
Keeping Floors Warm
Civilized man has instinctivcly
guarded against this by the use of
carpets, which are not good heat
conductors. All solid floors, whcth-
er wood or tile, T good heat con-
ductors which chill rapidly and
the beams underneath them are
also good heat conductors.
Not only do we use carpets to
get away from this, but also on a
winter night when we settle down
at home, we change from tight
fitting, cold shoes to loose, warm
slippers - provided We are civil
lized. The Chinese, who we are
told nowadays have been civilized
longer than we have, have always
as a matter Of etiquette shifted to
loose, warm slippers il the house.
But this etiquette was partly based
on the fact that they rad poorly
heated houses, mostly with thin,
hard floors.
Whether getting your feet wet
Henderson daily dispatch., 1941-11-21

90 all right in the countries where
there is food shortage, and that
may happen here. But there has
to be some such stimulus as real
hunger to soy bean consumption
in this country. It's an acquired
taste, if it gets acquired at all.
l know a man who was going to
introduce South American mate as
a soft drink in the United States.
According to him, it would replace
Coca-Cola, Seven-Up, Dr.. Pepper
and everything else. And the drink
he prepared was all right, it gave
you a lot of pep, except tor the
taste, which was like Old, mouldy
autumn leaves. The same difficulty
applies to soy beans.
Ii they can improve the flavor,
it will be all to the good, because
soy flour has very superior dIcletlc
properties. 1t has more vegetable
protein than any other legume-
twice as much as beans and peas,
even more than most meats. Its
fat is what makes it useful for m
IlFc+ri1l
Henderson daily dispatch., 1941-11-21

ION, that men would praise the Lord for
His goodness, and for His wonderful
works to the children Of men, And let
them sacrifice the sacrifices of Thanks
giving, and declare His works with re-
joicing"
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1941-08-29

at projects already constructed,
and for more electric power trans
mission. The new electricity will
provide power both for increasing
the capacity of existing aluminium
plants and for new ones now be-
ing built in the IVA area.
The program will provide
enough power to increase Amer
ica's aluminium production by
100000 tons per year-ten times
leach year, what Americas COM
bined kitchens. with an aecumula-
ton Of several years stock, were
able TO contribute.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1941-08-29
IVA CONSTRUCTING
EIGHT NEW DAMS

Nottely project, on the Nottely
river, is about II miles upstream
from Ranger in North Carolina,
but located in Georgia. 1t will
provide a reservoir with 10000
acre-feet of storage. This water
will be used at downstream dams.
As it proceeds downstream. the
water will be used through a head
Of 1000 feet. The reservoir will
cover about 5000 acres and will
cost about s5.000,000
Hayesville project is on the Hi
wassee river at the confluence of
Shooting creek about four miles
above the town Of Hayesville,
North Carolina. The dam will be
$50 feet high. The flooded area
will be about 1000 acres. 1t will
control the water run-off from a
drainage area of 100 square miles.
The cost will be $4,000, 900.
Addition of the new projects
will bring to eight the number Of
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1941-08-29
White Pine Output
To Set New Record
POR + /. \ n ID

POR TLAN D Production of
western pine lumber for 1941 will
total 6,OOO.OOO,O0O feet, new
record. the Western Pine sssocia-
ton said Thursday.
Last years total was 5,197, 0oO,-
900 board feet and the year before
4,7O5, 100000 feet. Shipments for
the first half of 1941 ranged %
per cent higher than the year be-
fore. .
Oregon pine mills, workin
chiefly on ponderosa, sugar pine
and Idaho white pine, were report
ed operating on heavy production
schedules.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1941-08-29
Not All Of Land
To Be Irrigated

WASHINGTON-Acting Recla-
nation Commissioner Harry w.
Bashore said Thursday approx
mately 1,234,O acres of the l.
$4,000 acres in the Columbia river
basin area were suitable to receive
Grand Coulee irrigation water.
Soil experts divided the land
into three classes-the best arabic
lands. Glass l; lands of interme-
date or average value, Glass 2;
and the least desirable lands for
which it is proposed to provide
water for irrigation, known as
Class 3.
Thirty-three per cent Of the land
contained in the entire project was
in Glass l. 40 per cent in Glass 2;
and 81 per cent in Class 3.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1941-08-29

NEW YORK; far-reachlng re-
organization Of passenger services
on the major railroads Is going
to be sprung upon the travelling
public II it can be worked out The
object is to eliminate duplication.
relieve the pressure upon equip
nent and clear the way for heavy
troop movements expected 70 take
place next year.
The Association Of American
Railroads IS trying to arrange the
details. They do not anticipate any
trouble from patrons, whose whole
sale desertion was responsible for
the fact that passenger capacity
has become excessive except on a
few days each year. AS on pre-
vious occasions when similar moves
have been considered in the inter-
est Of economy. opposition is ex-
pected to come from the labor or
ganizations, the taxing authorities
Of the communities through which
Improbable lines operate, and
from politicians who will be under
pressure arising out of local pride
and the fear OF personal incon-
veniences.
However. the exigencies of ma
tional defense are expected to pro-
vide a winning argument. 1t is
estimated that from 40 to a hun
bred per cent more soldiers will
have to be transported n 1912
than this year. This will tie up
many passenger cars. Equipment
is limited, and cannot be expanded
or replaced too literally. Manu-
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1941-08-29
Wenotchee Woman
To Promote Bonds

SPOKANE Marie Young. Wen
atohee. Wash. president Of the
washington Federation Of Bust
ress and Professional Women. has
been selected by Secretary Of
Treasury Henry Morgenthau. r.,
20 promote the sale Of defense
bonds and savings stamps among
women Of the state. it was an
nounced Thursday.
Mss Young will travel over the
state contracting women's organi-
cation, including service clubs,
lodges and sororities. Evelyn
Krause. state radio chairman, said.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1941-08-29

stream to new powerhouse TO be
built above Ocoee No. 2 dam. de-
veloping a mead Of about 300 feet.
The Ocoee No. 3 plant will have
an installed capacity Of p 900 kilo-
watts and will cost about S6,600.-
900. 1t is situated in Tennessee,
but not far from the Georgia
state line.
Apalachia project is on the Hi
wassee river below Hiwassee dam
in North Carolina. The dam will
be ITO feet high and have a
wster-carrying tunnel $4,000 feet
long, terminating at power plant
and developing a head of about
3s5 feet. Installed power capacity
will be $4,000 kilowatts The prof.
ect will cost about $4,000, 900.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1941-08-29

Federal agents charged him with
wearing = Uniform illegally. A
sharp-eyed soldier had reported
Klumb was wearing a corporal :
chevron on his sleeve and a COM
missloned officers insignia on his
collar.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1941-08-29

Hin. soUofe sty'e with two
shelves, window ond box ing
inc, cotor IN door.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1941-08-29

klumb bought a uniform in =
secondhand store 10 yin feminine
admiration and wore a military
policeman's arm band to command
respect from soldiers.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1941-08-29

T-o-tone brown ROcknehon
we're Forous for thot tine
flosor IN your fosorite tee.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1941-08-29
Reorganization of Train
Passenger Service Due

facturcrs are re-toohnE % make
tanks. and even Il their plants
were capable Of handling both. the
steel shortage would interfere.