davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1941-02-23

"The President shall be commander in
chief of the Army and Navy OF the
United States"
Thus says the Constitution, but it is
silent on what commander in chief"
means. Does the word mean that,
whether In peace or in war, the Presi-
dent may send warships wherever he
wants no matter what Congress may
have provided by law? The point is i'm
portant, because an amendment has
been added to the lease-lend bill stat
ing that the bill does not authorize the
use of the Navy in conveys.
In the hearings before the Senate
Foreign Relations Committee on the
lease-lend bill, Secretary of the Navy
Knox expressed the opinion that the
President could constitutionally use the
Navy to convoy American ships-or for
that matter any ships, even though
Congress had forbidden such use by law
If officers of the feet were to take
their ships where their commander in
chief ordered, what could defied Con-
gress do? Only the Navy itself can
courtmartial its officers, and the only
way in which Congress can call defiant
President to account is to impeach him.
Many Precedents.
At all events, If President Roosevelt
were to hold that his power under the
Constitution as commander in chief of
the Army and Navy gave him the right
to use them wherever he wanted, he
would have good many precedents on
his side. For instance, during the last
war the United States really waged war
with Soviet Russia by direction of Presi-
dent Wilson, without any declaration of
war by Congress.
In tia nlfnmre AZ 1918 Graat britain
Evening star., 1941-02-23

Other Decisions.
n the decisions written by the Chief
Justice the has:
Called st-dovn strikes "a high-handed proceeding with
shadow of legal right"
Declared the N. r. A. unconstitutional
the administrations effort to bar payment Of
obligations in gold.
Held constitutional by reversing previous decisions a
Washington State law fixing minimum wages for women.
that the National Labor Relations Board does not
right require company found guilty of violating
the Wagner Labor Act reimburse governmental relief
ces for paid employees held to have been deprived OF
their regular work.
Before his appointment as Chief Justice. many high
honors had packed his busy life. These included:
Republican nominee President of the United States
1916 against woodrow Wilson He lost by such narrow
margin bed night thinking he had been
elected awakened find he had been defeated
Secretary the Harding and Coolidge admins
tratons capacity he electrified the world by
ing disarmament 1921 Washington Arms Conference
Governor of York from 1907 to 1910.
Associate justice of the Supreme Court from 1910 until
Son of Baptist Minister.
During his long career religion has played prominent
a Baptist minister religion instied in
him early in life.
Frequently on Sunday mornings since he first to
Washington 1910 been the congregation at
downtown Calvary Baptist Church
has contributed generously the support of the church
founded during and has delivered number Of
addresses church meetings So highly did he think Of
Calvary that he said after joining:
This my church home, have doubt, for the
of my life"
They still talk Calvary about the time he was admitted
member.
Walking to the front of the facing pastor.
the urist found standing beside him Chinese washwoman
and small boy
The pastor the late Rev Greene, looked
at the new members, said to the congregation
Before the cross the ground is level"
It was solemn occasion. There was not a sound from
the pevs during remainder of the ceremony Those pres
ent have never forgotten it.
Evening star., 1941-02-23

OF lLS history.
1t became the center of
flaming controversy re-
suNing from decisions a
few years ago invalidating
major New Deal laws.
The dispute became
more bitter when PreSi-
dent Roosevelt proposed
on February 5, 1887, that
new blood" be injected
into the tribunal by ap-
pointing an additional
member of the court for
each of the six elderly
justices who did not re-
tire.
The Chief Justice has
been widely credited with
playing an important role
in defeating the court re-
organization plan. His
public activity was linn
tied, however, to writing
a letter to the Senate
Judiciary Committee say
ing:
IAN increase in the
number Of justices Of the
Supreme Court, apart
from any question of pol
icy, which I do not dis
cuss, would not promote
the efficiency Of the
court"
The major turning point
In the trend Of court de-
cisions from anti-New
Deal to pro-New Deal
came on April II, 1887,
when the Chief Justice
delivered opinions uphold
ing the constitutionality
of the Wagner Labor Re-
lations Act.
Evening star., 1941-02-23
Hughes Going Strong at 78
Has Presided Over Supreme Court for II Years
By James ". D0ufhat,
Associated Press STAFF Writer.

(>HARLEs EVANS HUGHES. rounding out II years of
~ service Chief Justice of the United States Supreme
Court is still going strong at the age of 49,
The white urist who started presiding the
Supreme Court February "a $780, still enters the cham
Evening star., 1941-02-23

stant the Chief Justice His beardthe best known one In
public nfe-sets him off from the other jurists
Appointed head of the by President Hoover In
1930-o succeed William Howard Taft-Mr. Hughes has di
reced the tribunal during of the turbulent periods
Evening star., 1941-02-23

Since then-and before less important litigation
the Roosevelt administration most of the major
decided by the tribunal.
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1941-10-04
Committee Petitions Common Council For More Race Police
MRS. OSBORN TELLS WHY
SHE IS in COUNCIL RACE

Whether Detroit for the next
two years Is 10 have the sort OF
government that the fourth city
Of the United States should have
will be decided by the voters at
the primary Oct. Z.
Whether the desks IN the Coun-
Gil chamber at the City Hall. in
Guiding those left vacant after the
recent graft scandals. are to be
filled by experimenters and anna
tour adventurer,. in municipal
government or nv men and women
OF experience and proven integ-
rity is the decision 10 be made by
he electorate.
OF the bewildering array Of
candidates. one stands out with
IN unusual record and background
Mrs. Laura F Osborn four
times president Of the Detroit
Board OF Education. She asks the
voters for well-earned promotion
and the privilege TO work whore
che can better serve the citizens
On the Common Council
Al five elections. the entire city
chose her on tho partisan
ballot 20 serve on the Board OF
Education. For - years. an un-
rivaled record. she had served the
community, always without pay
The story of those wears is too
lon~ TO permit retellng here too
filled with achievements that have
given Detroit It's uneNcelled school
system.
A brief review NJ her record Is
proof OF her claim Of fitness 10
cerye on The Council
Detroits present form ~ gov
eminent. election ~ city officials
or a non partisan ballot by tho
entire city Is model for other
cities. I, replaced the inefficient
costly and often dishonest system
Of ward politics and is a direct
result OF crusade 20 improve The
school system begun by Mrs Os-
horn and her late husband, +. C.
Osborn. wears aGo
Their crusade was strenuous
and hi'ierlv-fogght campaign call
rS for tho awakening Of public
ovinion and the enactment ~ new
legislation a Lansing The Osborn
hchf for a eyen-memher. non
partisan hoard ~ education, won
~ 1915 demonstrated 10 the voi-
rs the advantages 20 all the citi-
7ers NJ tho elimination 81 ward
pol'irs The education Of tho
public for tho small school board
vas so complete that with very
little extra cffor, nine-memher
partisan council elected al large
IN supplar' Tho - member alder
manic body followed two years
later
Mrs Osborn has heen the NOV
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1941-10-04
Geo. Edwards Tell
Of Cooperative Vol

George Edwards. directors,uj
tary OF the Detroit Housing cur|
mission. who is a candidate icr N
Common Council, gives an inst.u|
ing account Of the splendid Good
erative efforts being made By \
families in Parkside Housing ps|
ect who are nearing retaliation \
their plan for cooperative cou|
munity which is 10 be the unsid,l
product OF their own labor N
their homes.
Mr.. Edwards states TIA, their u
periments have brought mound
and substantial response in us]
fers OF exper, assistance I'D
many agencies and persons ID n
housing field. The families I'D
10 purchase 2 tract OF land II N
Detroit suburbs. which will be sslI
divided into homestead plots 4
which homes Nil he built and III
for by small monthly insialnn|
payments. II Is a fine example I
self-help. which tenants 10 old
housing projects may be inspired
emulate,
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1941-10-04

inr spirit IN educational reform
II Detroit Her experience and
judgement III her for The work
on the Council. she believes. be-
cause the school system is big
business 81 the sort that Is
more important in the long run
than any other CITY department,
and calling for sound business
judgement and skill. the requisites
~ a good council member.
Every year the Board Of Educa-
Ton uses FOR the best purposes II
can devise some thirty millions OF
dollars rs decisions vitality az
feet the life Of every child OF
school axe A minor example of
rs work are the school lunch
iooms. created Al the suggestion
~ Mrs. Osborn 70 improve the diet
~ school children. These lunch
rooms served nearly 10000 600
meals last year--and made A pro-
'il which was used 10 buy lunches
'nr idigent children. Despite the
millions that Il spends the school
hoard has the cleanesf record OF
any branch Of the City govern
ment.
Yet All 'oo frequently. the
Council has hamstrunr the efforts
If the Board Of Education. when
he hoard has sought deserved
funds for The maintenance Of serv-
res for the elimination Of crow
ID classes. and for buildings IA
snpplant make shift. portable
structures.
To sec 70 It that the schools and
Tho children get square deal is
only one or the reasons why Mrs
Osborn believes tho city's enor-
nous burden OF debit can he light
ened bv wiee refinancing.
when the Council and Mayor
refinanced City bonds several
years AGO they did so AZ the rate
ot interest carried hy tho original
bonds. some ~ which carried a.
high as six per cent" she points
cnt Tho bonds wore down IN
price and the bankers would have
been satisfied 10 take greatly
reduced interest rate We are now
staggering under millions OF dol.
lars OF interest payments Evr +,
effort should he made 10 refinanc,
AZ lower rate
Why shouldn't woman be 4
member of the Council,
THE government OF Detroit I,
not a man-made government.
Mrs Osborn declares. ut va,
made nv men and women. II wa,
woman leadership that brough
about establishment 81 The Juvc.
nile Court. the Recreation Com.
mission. The city Plan Commits.
sion, The women's Division Of IN,
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1941-10-04
LEGAL NOTICES

STATE or MICHIGAN.
County OF Wayne SIS.
No. 29i.l59
Ata session ol the Probate Court
i0r SAID County Of wayne. held al
he Probate Cour; Room in the
Cliy az Detroit on the wcnty-thnd
day of september in the year one
Thousand nine hundred and forty
one.
Present. THOMAS c. MURPHY,
Judge OF Probate.
in the Matter of the Estate OF
JACOB y. wYCHE, deceased.
On reading and fling the petit
ton Of SAM Eli VI. WYCHE. pray
.ng that administration OF said es-
tate be granted to himself or some
other suitable person
II Is ordered. That the twenty
second day ~ October, next az ten
O'Clock in the forenoon At said
Court Room be appointed for hear
.nc said petition.
And IL r. further Ordered. That
copy Of this order be published
three successive weeks previous Il
said time Of hearing. in The De.
ilot Tribune, new spaper printed
and circulating in said County oil
Wayne.
THOMAS G. MURPHY,
Judge OF Probate
a True Copy
CHARLES II. THOMAS.
Deputy Probate Register
l0-f-10-1s
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1941-10-04
Oklahoma
Murder Suspect
Caught Here
Finger Prints
Reveal Identity
Of Laborer

r,rrar itnts proyed lndoinr
- wesier Day,d Cros' q, 1926
Brush. following his tsi la,t
rrlday hv officers Tenth
prsr,nc, The fnger offered
cor .usiye proof .nF was
wsnfed for mur vAlahoma
cry last year.
crosby, after i'f f' stion. ad-
mited 10 Detec So r 'p'F' Kay
mond. OF the H. sauad' that
10 had killed uncle last
year during nfAt ne iisa
after the kiln = as neen liNins
IN Detroit 81 ~" Nlng on var
ious constrr 'ns,
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1941-10-04
YMCA Layrpen
Endorse Progr,|
At Conference
One Thousand
Attend Meeting
At Springhill

One thousand men. p, nav
berships, and $1,000 in N. -. - \
iund was the goal Sc, al N. , ..a.]
Lsymen's Conference hels = '1n Y
Louis Springhill. Farms g. - !, Y
Sept. 2S. 'un''l
Ending with an enthusiasm. :.
dorsement OF this years n,o,.' !
the conference thorough" ,,s'.'
ed the proposed plan Of ns NV
special appeal to industrial ~.
ers to join and use the ~. W
Due TO una,oidshIs .I
stances. the scheduled sp.ss., ', \
0. E. Anderson. o. KInruor !
maica. was unable to appear NJ, y
very ivpiraiional address va, =. !,
livered by Jesse Moses. bov, =.
director OF the Gleis Center. \
troit. in which he urged lhsr :,
look low. and llft He STRESSED 4
point that the base or found,iio,
an organization was rs ,,r.'
point, rather than the ton
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1941-10-04
Frazer's Candidacy
For The City Council
Supported BY Friends

Tuesday. Oct. IS Primary Day
when voters arc faced with choos-
ing from long list, the best
possible candidates for the City
council
The most important issue OF the
present campaign is the issue OF
onfidence in our elective public
servants plus the ability of the
candidate TO do a good job. In
these circumstance friends earn
esily recommend James F. Fraz-
Mr. Frazer has clean record.
flo has been. and is, successful
lawyer Mr. Frazer because OF a
wide range OF interests. has an
intimate knowledge OF the people
of Detroit. their work, and their
aspirations A member OF many
civic and fraternal organizations.
Mr. Frazer has given generously
% his time and effort TO the
church as we'll as other activities.
Mr. Frazer has been a member
Of the NAACP for the past ten
Years He is one OF the co-found-
crS Of the only private school for
tie advancement Of colored youth
]: the state OF Michigan.
a large majority Of eolored
clubs, political organizations. So
cal club. professional and bust
moss men and women and church
leaders Overwhelmingly praise Mr.
Frazer for the many civic projects
e which he has gladly given his
attention and FIN support for the
advancement OF the colored citi-
cons.
You and your friends arc asked
10 vote with confidence for James
+. Frazer for Council
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1941-10-04
Members See
This As Move To
Halt Crime
Young Men Are
Urged To Apply
For Positions

A committee OF colored residents
OF Detroit was called in conference
this week by Senator Charles c.
Digs 10 discuss matter OF Sc
rious importance. as reported In
the Saturday edition Of The Detroit
News. The story read in part. as
follows:
The police authorities are wor-
ried, according 10 Lieutenant Mar
vim Driver. head Of the Police
School. as TO whether the city will
be able 10 obtain 100 new patrol
men following the scheduled writ
ten examination to be given at
Cass Technical High school Oct.
II. The writer states that out OF A
possible 10 men eligible TO take
the examination, only 80 will be
able 10 pass.
Because OF the present shortage
Of Negro policemen. in addition to
the serious need Of qualified per-
sons on the force. Senator Digs
advised his committee 10 send reso-
lutions 10 the Common Council.
urging that body 10 recommend 10
the department the employment Of
more Negro policemen. At the
same time the Senator called upon
the directors OF radio station WV
requesting them to mention the
need OF employing more Negroes
10 cope with the particular situa-
tion in certain areas in the city.
In addition 10 the above requests.
Senator Diggs is stressing the Ne
gro leaders the urgency OF having
young men apply Immediately for
the coming examination. The re-
quirements are as follows:
Applicant must he a high school
graduate. between the ages OF %
and rs. minimum weight OF 152
and minimum height OF ; feet 2
inches. Applicants arc required 10
apply at Room 632. Police Head
quarters, between am. and 4
pm. except Thursday. when the
office will be open until S pm.
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1941-10-04
Denies She's Married

Mrs Eloise Smith, in letter to
the Tribune. dcnie that she was
married recently TO Obie Layton.
In regards 70 your statement in
your last week edition on my mar
riage wish to make correction.
Due TO some misunderstanding
you were misinformed. l am not
married, but engaged to Mr.. Ohio
Layton and sometime in the near
future We will he married. Thank
ing you in advance for making
necessary correction"
Yours truly.
Eloise Smith
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1941-10-04

Police Department. mothers pen
sion prison reform and many 9TH
er projects. II war my privilege 10
have a part in all these move
ments.
City government Is concerned
with sanitation. cleaning. health.
markets. pure food. recreation.
bufiness. schools. These arc a
part OF woman's sphere, and many
are prominently the concern Of
women.
"A council member shou he
honest. courageous and always on
he Job He should not PLAY par
tisan politics nor request any par
iicular group. clique or organiza-
ton.
i offer my long record Of pub
lie service as guarantee ~ flu
ture action and achievement IN the
interest Of the entire community !"
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1941-10-04
Judge ellis Raps
Krause's Statement

Recorders Judge Joseph A.
ellis. entry into the race for
Mayor OF Detroit Immediately pro-
duced sensational interest through
out the city.
Judge ellis pointed out that the
remarks OF Corporation Counsel
krause claiming the Mayor should
be reelected because he had RE-
fused 10 yield 10 any pressure
groups was an affront 10 every or
ganizaiion in the city which has
taken an interest in municipal az
fairs.
Judge ellis pledges that II elect
ed he will hold conferences with
endorsers every three months TO
discuss appointments and public
policy.
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1941-10-04
Executive Needed On
Council, Says Lyle

81 believe that the governing
body Of any municipality should be
composed OF men with proven exc
cutive ability and practical bust
ness experience to honestly conduct
the affairs Of It's citizens. This is
especially essential in Detroit, the
industrial heart OF America and
may be our national defense effort.
is the message TO the citizens OF De-
troit from George d. Lyle, World
War veteran and prominent De-
troit business man. who is a can
didate for councilman at the pri-
maries Oct. :.
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1941-10-04
Harold True Is
Drafted For Council

At the bequest OF hundreds OF his
radio followers, Harold True. COM
mentator OF WHY'S Forum Talk
entered the Common Council race.
Mr. True has earned a reputa-
ton as an expert on the Citys
finance, health. education ard ad-
ministration.
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1941-10-04

Hear Senators Cha>. &. Dlgrs and
STANLEY Novak sunday Night l0:l5
PM. MJIR.
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1941-10-04
Thomas Leadbetter Is
Seeking Reelection

Thomas ID. Ledbetter. the present
city clerk who is a candidate 10
succeed himself at the primary. Oct.
Z, is responsible for tho new reap
portonment Of voting booths which
will become effective for tie first
time at the primaries. This measure
eliminates long waiting at the
polls for voters.
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1941-10-04
Put Business Men In
Council, Says Smith

Joseph A. Smith a native De-
troiter. who Is candidate for Com
mon Council in the October 7 pri-
mary. believes business-like ad-
ministration in office can only be
secured by electing business
man.
II elected, Smith proposes to
revolutionize the DSR and give de-
iroit modern transportation facili-
ties. He believes his long expert.
ence in this business qualIfes him
for this undertaking and he solo
cts your vote next Tuesday.
The Detroit tribune. (Detroit, Mich.) 1935-1966, 1941-10-04
Central Improvement
Association To Meet

The Central Northwes Improve
ment association will hold the
regular monthly meeting, Monday
evening. Oct. Z at Utley Branch
OF the Public Library, Woodward
at King All property owners
within the district bounded by
Woodlawn on the north. Grand
Boulevard on the south. Wood
ward on the west, and Oakland
on the east. are urged TO attend.
Evening star., 1941-12-16
Fashion Notes
At National
Opening

That same air of fashionable in
formality which has characterized
Washington's "after dark" appear
ances of late was in evidence at the
National Theater last night. Smart
ly dressed women with few excep-
tions chose street length frocks.
distinguishing them with chic little
hats. Noticeable In the millinery
parade was an unusual draped tur-
ban of green, red and purple wool
with gold nail head trim. Also
smart was a Dutch cap OF kelly
green suede and winter white wool
turban with exaggerated side tassel.
Not all of The Mikado' audience
selected strictly informal attire,
however, for there was also note
worthy smattering of the covered
up" dinner type of thing. The
many uniforms in the audience
provided an effective background
for such fashion notes as a gown
of lame in soft brown tones and q
dinner dress of black with velvet
bodice studded with phllettes. Full
length wool capes, popular this
season, appeared several times both
in bright green and black with silver
and gold shoulder embroidery.
Silver fox and ermine capes, as
we'll as several mink jackets ano
coats, added an extra note Of ele-
gance to the gathering. In one case
a beige felt bonnet faced with mink
was worn with a full length coat
in striking effect. H. V.
Evening star., 1941-12-16
Plastic and Fui.

A fur coat may be ever so becom-
ing but-no matter how beautiful
the fur. it won't wear If the skins
are not sturdy and strong. And
that important factor is very often
given little. If any. thought when
the purchase of a coat is being
made. Curious too, considering that
ladies usually count on more than
a season or two for their fur coats.
Yet the reason is a simple one in
that the strength of the fur lies in
the part that isn't seen-the leather.
A large manufacturer of inexpen-
sive coats ($100 and under) has a
patented process for Strengthening
weak skins. A plastic, which liqui-
fies at a high degree of tempera-
ture, is used to weld a flannel back
onto the leather itself. It is MAIN
tanned that fur so treated viii not
split. crack or tear.