davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1941-05-06

politically enabled Hitler to beat it
at war, so the division of the coun-
try geographically enabled him to
rule it in defeat with a minimum of
difficulty.
The line of demarcation cut
everything-the national economy,
the transportation system, the fac
tories that depended on one another,
families, political party organiza-
tions. everything. On one side Of
the line lies French wheat; on the
other the country's meat. Even to
make a sandwich the French had
to come on bended knee to ask the
Germans for permission to cross an
arbitrary line which generally was
closed Theoretically.
The Germans opened and closed
that frontier ruthlessly but cleverly.
Three weeks ago they shunted
across nine box cars filled with 119
lunatics from an insane asylum.
Vichy couldn't send them back.
Vichy had to take them. find asylum
for them and learn again to laugh
in the cultural way at the German
sense of humor.
Halter Around Throat.
1t is no wonder that even Marshal
Petain, long-suffering and silent,
cried out:
"The line of demarcation is a
halter around the throat of France.
The Germans designed it as such
and they have had genius for
knowing when to tighten until it
hurts. Not. least of its harmful
effects, of course, has been the divi-
sion of Frenchmen, for the people
in the occupied zone who feel the
weight of the German heel cry out
that Vichy let's them down in order
to spare itself trouble, while Vichy
says that the people in the occupied
zone, thinking only of their own
misery, forget that Marshal Petain
must play a patient and diplomatic
game with the conquerors.
Hitler's second card has been
reparations levied on the excuse of
the army of occupation. The French
are compelled to pay 400, 900 900
francs a day. At this rate the
French have disgorged not less than
So 500 900 900 in the first year of
occupation. This is an interesting
footnote to 20 years of German
propaganda against the alleged in
Evening star., 1941-05-06
Contract ConsuItant
Testifies He Ended
Relations With Firms
Marshall Says Most
Of Cancelled Agreements
Had Fee Busis
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
A Washington consulting engineer
testified today that he Cancelled his
relationships with a half dozen
1lxed-fee Government contractors
when it became known the con-
tractors would be required to sign an
aff1davit that they had not paid
commissions to any one to obtain
their contracts.
r. c. Marshall, jr., retired brig
adler general and former head OF
the Armys Construction Division,
also told the Senate Defense Investi-
eating Committee he had destroyed
the records of his agreements with
all but two contractors doing Gov
ernment work.
The agreements he Cancelled, he
said, in most cases called for his
services as consultant on the basis of
a percentage of the fees received by
the contractors.
Cancellation Explained.
Asked whether the agreements
were Cancelled because of the War
Departments demand for an affi-
davit that no commissions had been
paid to agents, Mr. Marshall replied:
That was partly the reason. 1t
seemed inadvisable for me to 90 on
on that basis if the War Department
was taking that position"
Mr.. Marshall said he had de-
stroyed most of his records relating
to defense contracts about three
weeks ago.
II had no anticipation of being
called before this committee" he
said, but with all these investigat-
ing committees being appointed
thought all the contracts on
a cost-plus basis ought to be can
celed and destroyed"
Chairman Truman asked Mr..
Marshal If it had not been his in
tention to conceal the facts"
There's nothing want to cover
up." Mr.. Marshall declared. He
added that after the World War an
investigating committee had taken
every slightest instance they could
to make much out of nothing, and I
thought the best thing was to have
nothing except what I might say
myself"
Admittance of Wrong Claimed.
You've admitted there is some
thing wrong by destroying these
contracts Senator Truman told
him.
Mr.. Marshall was asked whether
the. affidavits which the War De-
partment required would not have
been false" had the contractors
continued to employ him.
He replied that he had "compe-
tent legal opinion" that they would
not.
He told the committee his contract
with the Consolidated Engineering
Co., the contractors who built the
cantonment at Fort George G.
Meade, Md, was cancelled before
the company received the Fort
Meade award.
Prior to the time negotiations for
the Fort Meade contract began, he
testified, he did not recommend the
firm to anybody in the War Depart
ment, but had a discussion about
them one night with some people
from the War Department" on the
general subject" of contractors and
without reference to any particular
contract.
When Consolidated officials were
called in to discuss a possible con-
tract, Mr.. Marshall related, he noti-
fed Army officials of his relation
ship with the company because Il
did not want them to give them a
contract without knowing I was
their consultant."
Evening star., 1941-05-06
Shipyards on Clyde
Fierce|y Pounded
By German bombers
Toll Of Dead and Injured
May Be Heavy, London
Acknowledges
Sy the Associated Press.

BY tDe ASSOCldteQ fIeSS.
LONDON, May 6.-The teeming
banks of the Clyde River. lined with
great ship yards from Glasgow to
the sea, took a fierce pounding last
night and early today as German
air raiders scattered bombs over a
wide area of England, Scotland and
Northern Ireland.
The government acknowledged
that much damage" was done in
the Clydeside area, which the Nazis
attacked in relays for several hours,
and indicated that the toll of dead
and wounded might be heavy.
Considerable damage also was re-
ported in the Mersey River shipping
center at Liverpool, attacked for the
fifth consecutive night.
8 Nazi Planes Downed.
The British asserted, however,
they downed eight German planes
during the night.
Belfast, subjected Sunday night
to a heavy attack. was one of the
objectives on which the Germans
loosed bombs in Northern Ireland
during the dark hours before dawn
today.
A communique said some fatalities
resulted in the Ulster capital, but
the assault was described as brief
and in no way comparable to the
heavy battering of the night before.
One of the small force of raiders
participating in the attack was
shot down in flames over the Irish
Sea-one of the nights bag of seven.
Operations on Large Scale"
The Ministries of Air and Home
Security used the term large scale"
in referring to Nazi aerial opera
tions during the night.
Bombs were reported to have
fallen at many places in England,
particularly in the northeast, east
and southwest, but the government
said there was no concentrated
attack in these areas and damage
done was not extensive"
Casualties in the Clydeside area
included a number of doctors, first
anu WI o. "ohueiio oiiu foiuhitoels
who were in a street shelter which
sustained a direct hit.
An entire family was wiped out
in one town by bombs hitting a
tenement. The building collapsed
on a shelter containing so men.
women and children and many of
them were killed
In one tenement district. buildings
which had just been repaired from
previous raids, again were heavily
daunapeS
Evening star., 1941-05-06
Vichy Held Unable to Resist Hitler
Fleet ond Empire Neutrozed by Nozis, and Fuehrer Has
Three Unbeatable Aces to Poy, Whitaker Says

iquities of the Diktat of Versailles.
Under the Versatile treaty Germany
has paid only some $4,000 000, 900
by 1882 when reparations were
scrapped. Thus the French in one
year have paid nearly half of all the
reparations paid by Germany.
Most Colossal LOoting.
The charge against the French
is based on the cost of an army Of
occupation numbering 100000 men.
Actually the Germans have quar-
tered only 5000 900 in France. Thus
two-thirds of the sum charged is
pocketed by the Germans. The
stolen two-thirds has been used to
buy control of French factories from
the French shareholders. This pro-
vides tremendous loot for the Nazi
higher-ups and they control most of
the French factories now working
for Germany. Fifty per cent Of
French industry is at work again,
it is estimated. and of this only
per cent works for French con-
sumption.
Groaning under such a burden,
the French have alternately hoped
that it would be lessened and feared
1t would be increased. 1t has proved
an effective weapon in German
hands as well as the most colossal
instance of loOting in modern his
tory.
The final and most important of
Hitler's weapons has been control
over some 100000 French prisoners
of war held in German camps
There is scarcely a French family
that does not wait for some loved
one. Whenever he has wanted to
shake the French Hitler has limited
that these prisoners might be re-
leased or reminded the French that
they can still be held. IN the main
they are under the supervision of
German officers who were prisoners
in the last war and know the
prisoners psychology. but there is
always the possibility of putting
Nazi stormtroopers over them.
Revolt Is Ory Hope.
Many French woman, with that
Shrewdness which characterizes
them, knows that the only hope for
France is revolt in an effort to facili-
tate an Anglo-Saxon victory over
Germany. Many a French woman
knows that Hitler's promises of the
early return of prisoners is cynical
and cruel lie. But almost all French
women forget those things If they
have their own husband or son in
German prison camp. A mother
always nurses the illusion that her
boy is coming back-a wife knows
that her man is still alive.
These three weapons have sufhced
Hitler has never had to fear that
Marshal Petain would send the feet
or the empire to Britain. With these
three cards Hitler has divided
Frenchmen geographically, disunited
them politically and paralyzed their
wills. In the face of them no ma
tional sentiment has crystallized.
He must have chuckled, sitting in
Berchtesgaden. to see how well the
technique employed in the Saar and
the Sudetenland and now being
undertaken in America has worked
in France. 1t is the technique OF
exploiting the individuals personal
fears and personal aspirations until
a national sentiment seems too cost
ly, too risky.
(ccr wright. 1e41. Chicago Daily News. ms
Evening star., 1941-05-06
Manufacturers Urge
Broader Individual
Income Tax Base
Study Of General Soles
Levy Also Proposed
By Association
By the Associated Press.


The National Association of Man.
ufacturers suggested today that Con-
gress broaden the individual income
tax base to reach more persons in
low income brackets and also give
consideration" to a general sales
tax.
A statement on behalf of the aSso-
citation was made by Livingston w.
Houston, chairman of the Organi-
zation's Committee on Government
Finance, to the House Ways and
Means Committee in connection
with proposals to raise $500 ,O0o,-
900 additional revenue
The association also advocated
stringent economy in ordinary ex-
penditures," increases in the normal
income taxes on individuals and
corporations and changes in the ex-
cess profits and other tax laws.
Sitter Surtaxes Opposed.
Opposing proposals of the Treas
ury and the Joint Congressional
Committee on Taxation to levy
sitter surtaxes on individual in
comes, the Manufacturers Commit
tee expressed belief such plans would
fall heaviest on ''the great white
collar class" whose incomes, it said,
tend to remain practically constant.
1t, therefore, recommended broad
ening the income tax base-without
specifying to what extent, stating
that I'VE feel that those who are
now enjoying very substantial in
creases of income because of the
national defense program would not
object to contributing a relatively
small proportion of this increased
income to the Federal Government
in income taxes
Instead of stiffened surtaxes-the
taxes which are levied in addition
to the normal income taxes-the
manufacturers group said it was lin
accord with proposals for an increase
in the existing per cent normal
rate"
Wants Sales Tax Study.
The association, Mr.. Houston
testified, was suggesting considera-
ton of some form of general sales
tax because the huge demands for
revenue required to help meet the
national defense effort in our opin-
ion can not be obtained from the
existing forms of taxation without
undue hardships, and hence this
means of broadening the tax base
should be examined"
while we recognize that either
a general sales tax or a manufac-
turers' sales tax have certain objec-
tionable features" he continued,
"the revenue possibilities and the
convenient method whereby the
public may contribute in a rela-
lively easy manner to the cost of
national defense seems to make the
extension of the sales tax principle
desirable
Evening star., 1941-05-06
Resi- Home Inmates
Escape Threat From
Stubborn Woods Fire
Flames Sweep Over 500
Acres; Firemen Bottle
Bluze "a Hours

A fire which swept over about 500
acres of field and woods in Prince
Georges and Montgomery Counties
and threatened "a residents of the
Mother Jones Rest Home on Riggs
road was extinguished today after
battle lasting nearly "a hours.
One structure, the abandoned
Crystal Springs Bottling Works,
west of Berwyn, was destroyed by
the flames.
The hogpens on the farm OF Irving
Lassiter not far from the old bot
ting works, also were burned down,
but the stock was released before the
flames reached the building.
Firemen from 10 volunteer COM
panies in the two counties and sew
eral score c. c. c. youths from
Beltsville fought the blaze, which
was spread over a wide area yes
terday by the high wind. Sparks
were carried for a quarter of a mile
in several sections. multiplying the
difficulties of the flrefighters.
Several employees of the Potomac
Electric Power Co. were called out
when the fire jumped Riggs road
and threatened woodland bordering
the company's power lines. Trees
were cut down to halt advance of
the flames.
Mrs. Lille M. Burgess, owner of
the rest home, said that the smoke
was so thick at times it was i'm
possible to see 100 yards from the
house. Arrangements were made to
remove the residents, several of
whom are crippled, in the event the
flames came too near. she said. One
man suffered a slight heart attack
during the excitement, but had re-
covered today.
Companies from as far away as
Chevy Chase were summoned as
the flames, believed to have been
extinguished several times, broke
out again at another point. Com
panies fought isolated battles with
the fire until early today.
Evening star., 1941-05-06
Further Evucuutions
From Gibraltar Planned

By the Associated Press.
GIBRALTAR, May 6-Further
evacuation of civilians as soon as
possible from this British fortress
was officially announced last night.
Lists of those who are to leave
contain the names of more than
1000 persons, including many Span
ish refugees who had found shelter
here since the Spanish Civil War.
Evening star., 1941-05-06
Clyde Arms Factories
Struck, Nozis Claim

BERLIN, May 6 (P).-German raid
ers by the hundreds rode the skies
over Glasgow and the Clydeside
shipping area last night, wreaking
heavy destruction in shipyards,
armament factories and other indus
trial plants, the Nazi high command
said today.
Evening star., 1941-05-06

Pressurss have risen along the he, Mfddle GeifE
N T., 1919 millibars (3004 inchesl,
while they continue high OIL the South At
lantic coast, Charleston; s. C.. l.ois mill;
falling over the Mississippi Valley and the
upper lake region. West Plains. MO-
1'o03.4 millibaTs I2a.63 inches! d,.- and In
e3I inches. Pressure is rising over the
Pacihc States and the N9rthsrn 9tf;s HSfk4s osS4
millibars (3O.3I incheS). During the last
"a hours there have been showers in the
Mississippi Valley, portions Of the West d
from the northern plains westward over
the North Pacific States. Temperatures
have fallen somewhat in portions OF the
North Atlantic States and cooler weather
has overspread the northern plains.
Evening star., 1941-05-06
J 7Norwegions Killed
Tompering With
Mine on Island
b. the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
OSLO, Norway (via Berlin),
Nav 6.-Seven civilians were
killed today in an explosion
which resulted when their curl
osity got the better of them
and they tampered with q mine
washed ashore on an island
north of Bergen.
Evening star., 1941-05-06
Congress in Brief
TOnAv

Senate:
Considers $1,152 1872 ,632 Treasury
Post Once appropriation.
House:
Resumes debate on bill permitting
United States to take over foreign
ships.
Evening star., 1941-05-06
Record for Last "a Hours.

Record for Last "a Hours.
(From noon yesterday to noon today
Highest, SO, at $50 pm. yesterday.
Year ago, IS.
ago, AZ.
Record Temperatures This Year.
Highest, "a on April 20.
Lowest Is, on March Is.
Humidity for Last "a Hours.
(From noon yesterday to noon today)
Highest, So per cent, at 5 am. today.
Lowest, IL per cent, at $3.50 pm. yes
terday.
Tide Tables.
FURNISHED by United States Coast and
Geodetic Survey
Today. Tomorrow.
High - 3:24 am. 4:26 am.
Low -- 10:06 am. 11:12 am.
Hish 3:46p pm. 4.47pm
Low - 1890 pm. 80 pm.
Evening star., 1941-05-06

Social service work in Chile Is
now conducted exclusively by wom-
en-
Evening star., 1941-11-21
Ace
|Heods Famous
lAn Squadron
By the Associated Press.


LONDON. Nov. 2l.-Flieht 1t
James A. F. MacLachlsn. 22-year-
old r. A. F. ace who was told he
never would be able to f1v again
after he lost an arm in an air bat
tie last March. has been appointed
leader of Britain's famous Hurri-
cane SQUADRON. it was announced
last night.
1t MacLachlan's left arm was
shattered by German Messer-
schmitt cannon shell in a fight over
Malta. British Mediterranean island
stronghold where ne had netted
half his total bag of u Nazi planes
After an operation in which
the arm was amputated above the
elbow. 1t. MacLachlan spent 81,
months In Africa. where he learned
to ny with an artificial arm. Or
his return TO England. he was found
to be so proficient that the medica
board passed him for operationa
duties.
1t. MacLachlan was so little in
capacitated by the loss of his arm,
that when he made forced landing
in Surrey recently he repaired ths
trouble alone and took of agair
within half an hour: -... s
Squadron Leader Douglas Bader
now in a German prison camp. wa.
another R. A. F. ace who showed
that the loss of limbs could mo-
keep him from flying Bader, thu
| legless former leader of the "Al
Canadian" squadron. was credited
with destroying at least IS German
planes before he was himself sho
down over NaI-occupied France.
Evening star., 1941-11-21
Forty From Prince Georges
To Take Army Tests

The names of 40 selectees TO be
sent to Baltimore for physical eX-
aminations December 9 were an
nounced today by Prince Georges
County Board No l at Hyattsville.
No date has been set for induction
of those passing examinations.
The list included John M. Steel
man. James T. Bartlett, Robert u.
Parlett. jr.; Melvin S Walter. John
A. Dellon, Frederick A. Dilger,
George w. Darnall. Robert F. Hur-
ley, William U. White, Forest G..
Thompson and Hugh C. McCully,
jr., of Hyattsville; Arthur l.. Cook,
James N. Jones, William M. Frye,
jr: Bartlett P. Dorr and Samuel
Minkofi. Mount Rainier: Howard D.
Rice. Eugene Luckett. Joseph M.
Lebya and Leroy l.. Layer, River
dale; George M. Jenkins. Baltimore; +;
Richard w. Akeley, Presque Isle.
Me: Joseph j. Kilbride. Philadel-
phia: Rudell B. Baker and Frank
G.. Banta. College Park: Clifton E.
Thrift and Roy L. Little, University
Park: Ira c. Klinger. Daniel Kamin-
sky. William T. Bates. Arno A. Pace,
Edwin F. Brask and Charles W..
OLare, Washington; Glover NJ.
Marcus. Beltsville; Fred Hill, Lam
ham: Lester P. Guest. Pennsyl-
vania: Allen N. Thrift, Branchville;
Anthony Primavera. Denver. Colo.
Markey r Bell and Edward T.
Mueller, Brentwood.
Evening star., 1941-11-21
British Batt|ehips
Cruising Off Libya
To Aid Army Drive
British Airmen Flying
U. S.-Mode Fighters
Protecting Fleet.
By LARRY ALLEN,
ssoclated Press War CorreSDonden.

HAsoIlhlSo TItss WI SVlirspoHuNh-'
ALEXANDRIA, Egypt. Nov 20
Delayed, Powerfully armed Brit
ish battleships screened by strong
squadrons of cruisers and destroy
ers and protected by British pilots
flying American made fighters
steamed of Libya today. ready to
throw their full strength behind the
British Army's offensive
With two hubs Of Axis resistance
-Salum and Halfaya tHellfire) Pass
severely pounded in two night
bombardments, the fleet was await
ing fresh orders to close inshore
and smash tough spots which might
hold up the army's drive.
The gunners on the battleships
are aching for a chance for action.
but the cruisers and destroyers are
currently headlining the lombard
ment show.
Already they have succeeded in
destroying large quantities Of Axis
supplies and have shattered lines of
communications. Royal Navy ofn-
GERS said.
The whole Libyan show up to the
present is like an encore to the 1910
presentation.
Then the navy stood by. protect
ing every army move. turning its
powerful guns toward the shore and
crushing Italian fortifications
tanks. armored cars and motor
transport.
1t also kept the advancing land
forces we'll supplied with war i'm
plements, provisions and fresh
troops.
Evening star., 1941-11-21

The tung oil crop of the United
States will approximate 5000 900
pounds this year. according TO the
Commerce Department.
Evening star., 1941-11-21
japanese DIET Ends
Session.; Premier
To See Emperor
Preparedness in Poetic
Is Predominant Theme
In Toxic Newspapers

By the Associated Press.
TOXIC. Nov. 21.-The special ses-
sion of the Diet formally ended to-
day when Premier Hideki TOTO read
brief imperial rescript thanking
the members for their cooperation.
Premier TOTO was received later
by Emperor Hirohito for a report
on the general state Of affairs and
to answer inquiries from the throne.
The newspaper Asahi said Pre-
mier TOTO would speak November
Is at a meeting of the Imperial Rule
Assistance Association. explaining
Evening star., 1941-11-21
Major Tank Battle
In 0ffing, Ankara
Authorities Say
British TO Contoct Two
Armored Nuzi Divisions
In Drive to Tobruk
BY PRESTON GROVER.

ASsOCluLcU EIfss W nj SVlINspOHutht'
ANKARA, Turkey. Nov. 2l.-A
major tank battle on the Libyan
Desert looms in the immediate fu-
ture-perhaps within a day or two
when British forces using American
arms engage two German armored
divisions between Salum and To-
bruk, military authorities said to-
day.
The Nazi defenders are the "crust"
OF the opposition in North Africa,
these authorities declared, which
must be broken before the British
r--N we long the coast in thA'r
enort to regain the "trip they won
and lost eallier this year.
The situation was described as
follows:
On the Egyptian frontier lie Salum
and Halfaya tHellfire, lass This
zone is fortified so strongly by the
Axis that military observers here
said the British undoubtedly would
attempt TO skirt 1t now and leave
it for conquest later.
Once beyond that Salum- Halfaya
zone. they would be within range to
strike-or be struck by-two German
armored divisions
They said the British expected to
engage these divisions in the hard
surfaced sector OF the desert west
of Salum.
1t was forecast that while the
tank battle was being fought there
would be strong sortie from To-
bruk in an effort 10 shut of Axis
supplies now being 1erried from Italy
to Africa and then carried eastward
beyond Tobruk to the zone of pres
ent operations.
If We can crack these two ar
mored divisions or neutralize them
by cutting of their fuel supplies. "
said one obs server. the rest of the
show would not-be so tough" "