davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1941-11-03
Russian Workers Trip
To England Planned
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
LONDON, Nov. 3.-Plans to bring
Russian workers delegation to
Britain to stimulate production was
disclosed today by Sir Walter
Citrine, British trades union leader
on his return from q mission to
Russia.
In visit to two Russian factories,
Sir Walter said, he found their
workers-of whom IS per cent in
one and IS per cent in the other
were women-had achieved re
markable records" In stepping up
production.
The British labor mission made
the 500-mile journey to Kuibyshev
the Soviet's branch capital. with
British Ambassador Sir Stafford
Cripps, and existed chiefly on hot
water, bread and cheese for four
and a half days of travel, he re-
lated.
Evening star., 1941-11-03
| British Women
| Direct Fire on
German Planes
BY the Associated Press.


LONDON, Nov. 3.-For the flrSt
time in the war, British women and
girls directed anti-aircraft fire Sat.
urday night at German planes raid.
Ing England.
A former actress and model han.
died one OF the most vital OF the
plotting and detection devices during
the firing against bombers over
London. Six German raiders were
shot down during the night.
The actual firing was done by
men, but girls and women OF the
Auxiliary Territorial Service handled
fire-control instruments and plot
ting and detection devices in the
London area.
AS the alarm sounded, both men
and girls hurried to their posts De-
lection devices worked by the latter
picked up the first bomber before
it came within range Then as it
edged toward the city the guns
opened up on it.
"All the girls were composed" an
officer said afterward. "Most
efficient"
One Of the women said. I'VE were
all very excited, but l don't think
we showed it"
Evening star., 1941-11-03
Simon Guggenheim,
IndustriaIist Once
Senator, Dies at Is
Mining and Smelling
Moenote Established
Many PhiIonthropies
BY the Associated Press.


NEW YORK, Nov. 3.-Simon Gug-
genheim, 70. internationally known
philanthropist and industrialist, died
last night in Mount Sinai Hospital
Of pneumonia and complications.
Mr.. Guggenheim, one Of the BROTH
ers who built up what probably is
the worlds most extensive mining
and smelling business, was former
United States Senator from Colora-
do. head Of the family concern in
succession to his brother Daniel and,
like all the partners, an outstanding
philanthropist.
He served in the Senate for the
six-year term beginning in 1907, then
terminated Is years residence in
Colorado to resume his affiliations
with the mining and smelling con-
Germs from which he had resigned
on his election. He said at that time
that he had accepted the senator
ship to represent all the people Of
Colorado and not the metal in
terestS exclusively.
ne OcCdIllc ~ SSAuOAlL VI AhiCiASnA
Smelling e. Refining when his eld-
er brother Daniel retired from busi-
ness In 1919.
Aided State Education.
As evidence Of his lifelond inter-
est in Colorado he left buildings
which ne had given to the State
Normal School at Greeley; the State
University at Boulder. the State
Agricultural College at Fort Collins
and the State School Of Mines at
Golden. In association with his
brothers he gave q building for the
National Jewish Hospital tor Con-
sumptives at Denver.
Probably his outstanding philan-
thropy was the establishment, with
his wife, in 1925, Of the John Simon
Guggenheim Foundation IN memory
Of a son who died in 1922. It had an
original endlwment Of s3,0O0,000 to
which $1,000 900 was added in 1929.
1t provides scholarships for 6eserv-
ing students Of the United States
and Latin American countries for
advanced study, at home or abroad,
in any Of the sciences or fine srts.
The competitive argle is entirely
absent from the foundations selec-
tions of its benefiriaries, the chief
tests being possession Of creative
talent or marked bent for research.
Evening star., 1941-11-03
By the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
BOSTON, Nov. 3-A new splint
for sprained or broken wrists. q
glass-like substance which molds to
fit the injured part, was exhibited
to the American College OF Surgeons
here today.
The splint is thin sheet of plas-
tic, prefabricated in the general
shape of a wrist support, shaped so
as to keep the wrist immovable, but
permit use Of the fingers, for writing
or other light tasks.
When placed in hot water, the
plastic softens enough to be nodded
to fit the injured part as neatly as
soft plaster. 1t then hardens and
stays hard. Being transparent it
makes a dressing that scarcely is
noticeable.
The splint is one of the new plas-
tic substitutes for war materials
Aluminium has been used for similar
splints in the past.
This splint is widely used as a
Evening star., 1941-11-03
6. !. O. to Open Glasses

Directed by Mrs. Sally Gordon,
the c. I. o. Industrial Union Coun-
Gil Auxiliary Of the District will in
augurate a series of classes Thurs
day to train members to take more
active part in union work. The
classes will be held each Thursday
from $50 to 1l:30 am.
Evening star., 1941-11-03
Food Poisoning Suspected

Mrs. Estelle Cain of Arlington,
Va, was taken to Sibley Hospital
last night with a possible case Of
food poisoning, police reported.
Evening star., 1941-12-14
Americas First Week of War
H19th Week of World War I'D
By Blair BoHes.

Ine United States is formal participant foreign
tne the of
rdlng conflict
aC last Sunday,
american citadel of Hawaii Monday
WI" was with Japan
nce OF state OF with Germany
declared So since the the
lace OF Nation
spirit IN will attitude
Inc olHerence sharply reflected
unity is here. Organized isoaionism collapsed
Eight days rather
ana Russia
ana ooeden satellites
sources OF trouble in Asia the beigeren
victims OF unannounced
we nave our military heroes of the
shp OF our the
w Fhpnes and the japanese
oe the efforts OF the British to keep them from landing The
nave been gallant defense
In our country air raid
mountain OF
the would
ana her friends, in pursuing their in the
nrst
inherent In the Fascist idea
but is satisfying remember
the losing end whether
Spanish American War or the first World
Evening star., 1941-12-14

country and fomented the border clash
esq carried out campaign aimed against
the United States, to the effect that
American fishing companies were max
ing fortunes in Galapagos waters to the
detriment of Ecuadorian interests, and
that it was urgent that the Americans
be warned away.
As has been the case with most Of the
NaI propaganda in Latin America, this
skulduggery backfred. President Carlos
Arroyo del Rio declared, to cut it short,
that Nazi and Japanese intriques would
not be tolerated, and that in case war
came to the Western Hemisphere Ecua-
dor would place itself unreservedly at
the side of American democracy.
There has been lately swing away
from the old supersensitivity about ter
ritorial sovereignty in Latin America,
and toward continentalization of SOW
ereignty insofar as it applies to military
bases Uruguay is building great base
near Punta Lara on the Atlantic Coast,
and has shown, for quite some time,
disposition to let any American country
use it in case of war. Argentina, per-
haps the most jealous Latin American
nation in this respect. has turned toward
the hemisphere concept of sovereignty.
These two examples, exerting power
full influence on the rest Of Latin Amer
lea, will undoubtedly open the door to
important agreements at the forthcom-
ing conference In Rio.
Evening star., 1941-12-14
Between the Democroces and Berlin Engus World

was cited posthumously in a dispatch to
the War Department from Gen. Douglas
Macarthur, in charge of the Far Eastern
forces. He dropped three bombs on the
Japanese battleship Haruna and died In
the act, but the Haruna, off the Philip
pines, went to the bottom.
Another Macarthur communique an
nounced that First 1t. Boyd D. Wagner
had shot his way out Of an attack by
five Japanese pursuit planes, sending two
down and machine cunning II japanese
ships on the ground. Five of those he
left burning. The planes had been
brought into LuZon by the japanese try
ing to organize an expeditionary force
on that island after establishing land
ing force there. Admiral Thomas c.
Hart, commander Of the Asiatic Fleet,
reported native Filipino airmen shot
down two Japanese planes early Friday
morning.
Evening star., 1941-12-14

The Japanese attack on Hawaii last
Sunday accomplished something more
than change of American status from
moribund neutrality to full belligerency.
1t also automatically established inti-
mate connection between the various
phases Of what is now literally world
war.
Between the fighting amid the waters
Of the Pacific, the Philippine jungles, the
sands of Libya and the frozen wastes of
Russia, there Is an ter-relationship
which Americans no longer can ignore.
The first lesson for this country in what
President Roosevelt calls the "gruelling
work" ahead is realization of the stra-
tegic unity of the war. That lesson of
unity is also prerequisite to fulfilling the
Presidents pledge Of winning the peace,
which the United States so disastrously
lost in 1919
Regardless of current gains and losses,
the most fundamentally important ele-
ment on the enormous canvas is clearly
the increasing significance of the Rus
sian position. The huge Soviet republic
has overnight become a vital bulwark,
Evening star., 1941-12-14

nuSStu hUtOuSSuQOT SuHS TtS
country UiH maintain neutrality
in United States uar ,Dith Japan.
A. P. Photo.
separating the Axis allies and thereby
maintaining constant threat against
both Germany and Japan. Moreover,
Russia is in position to sustain China
If initial japanese successes close the
channels of aid to Chungking heretofore
open to American shipments.
On the other hand, and by the same
token, the dangers for Russia are simul-
taneously aggravated. A Japanese at
tack in Siberia would weaken Russian
resistance to Germany and would
threaten the eventual solidiflcation of
the Axis into an unconquerable bloc
stretching across Europe and Asia from
the Rock of Gibraltar to the shores of
Alaska.
PrecariOuS Balance Of Forces.
The present uneasy peace between
Russia and Japan reflects this precarious
balance of forces, and indicates that
neither Moscow nor Toxic at the moment
is at all confident of how war between
their respective countries would work
cut.
1t is this precarious balance which
makes the recent Russian successes
against the German armies of such
great importance, obviously to be-
leaguered Moscow and the Russian peo-
pie but not less definitely to Washington
and the future of the United States. The
Nazi retreat from Rostov and the stale
mate before Moscow represent the first
failure of Hitler's armies to win cam
paign embarked upon. To the Russians
goes the historic credit not merely Of
stopping a "blitz" but also Of throwing
1t into definite reverse.
But much more important than minor
changes in the swaying battle line which
stretches across the entire width of Rus
sia is the question Of the resources be-
hind the Soviet resistance.
That the Communist organization is
very competent in organizing such re-
sources as 1t possesses has been made
abundantly clear In recent weeks. That
much Of the natural wealth Of Russia
Is now IA German hands and - being en-
Evening star., 1941-12-14
Political Front

Politics is prelude to war and over
laps war. In the early stages of bel
Igerency there is much international
palaver and domestic political business.
The circumstances Of the American entry
into the war were in keeping with this
situation
First there was the call on Hull by
NOmura and Kurusu. That was Sum-
day. On Monday President Roosevelt
went to the Capitol and at 1870 read
to the members Of the House and Senate
his request for the declaration of the
existence of state of war and his rea-
sons for the request. He put them all
into 500 words. He was not literary in
his message, but he was to the point.
Yesterday, December 7, 194l-a date
which will live in infamy-the United
States of America was
Presidents suddenly and deliberately
Messooe attacked by naval and air
forces of the empire of
Japan" the President said. - The
distance of Hawaii from Japan makes
Evening star., 1941-12-14

1t obvious that the attack was deliberate
ly planned many days or even weeks
ago. During the intervening time the
japanese government has deliberately
sought to deceive the United States by
false statements and expressions Of hope
for continued peace. With conf
dence in our armed forces-with the
abounding determination of our people
we will gain the inevitable triumph so
help us God. - ."
At los pm. the Senate approved the
war resolution 80 to 0. The other 13
Senators were absent. At :27 pm. the
House approved, 388 to l, with Repre-
sentative Jeannette Rankin of Montana,
who voted against war in 1917, the only
dissenter At 410 pm. the President
signed the resolution at the White House,
officially stating that the United States
was at war for the first time since the
armistice of November II, 1918. Already
our feet had been ordered to search the
seas for the Japanese and our forces
In the Far East were ready for battle.
On Thursday morning Germany and
lCdlyy aAlo pal L1lCAo Vi ooPoAiJ SSAeAASN
war on us. There was no opposition in
Congress to our declaration of war with
Italy and Germany. Germany in her
declaration promised some action against
us soon But the action has not come,
and how it would come, except by some
solitary move of warship that might
be free in the Atlantic, none could guess.
Germany attributed her course not to the
alliance with Japan, but TO American
unneutral acts in favor of England. Ger
many has her problems in Russia, where
she sought a peace last week and an
nounced that the fight to take Moscow
would be suspended this winter. Russia
has not yet gone to war against Japan,
but the Soviet government announced
that it would never reach a separate
peace with the Axis. Great Britain is
methodically, slowly driving forward
against the Axis in Cyrenaica. Today
the battles of Cyrenaica and Moscow are
our battles.
Evening star., 1941-12-14
By Carlos J. TideIa.

| land miles-easily negotiable for q mod
ern long-range bomber. 1t is 685 land
miles from Ushuaia to Wandell Island
Even the east base Of Admiral Byrd, $50
land miles from Ushuaia, Is within the
reach of the bombers. 1t should be borne
in mind that We have bases in Greenland
and in Iceland at higher latitude than
that part of Antarctica.
Some Argentine naval officers, OBJ
viously with the consent of their su-
periors, have published studies about the
possibility Of establishing bases on those
Antarctic islands There is, of course
pack ice around them in winter, which
renders navigation difficult. The pack
ice is not barrier for aircraft, which
could land easily on their skis. Sir
Hubert Wilkins built, few years back,
improvised air bases nearby for his ex-
ploration flights.
Used During World War.
Lincoln Ellsworth did the same on
Dundee Island, on the northeast end of
Graham Land, a short distance from
Deception Island. The British expedition
led by John Rymill in 1934-193 used the
same facilities in several localities near
by. There is no reason why warplanes
could not utilize those islands now for
patroling and protecting the gray ex-
panses of the Strait of Drake.
Japanese, German and British war
ShioS rSad tho rnvriod ic1o ~
the Straits of Magellan as hiding place
during the other war. AS a lair for sub
marines the deep waters around those
islands, surrounded often by lofty, sheer
crsgs, are excellent, and probably before
much time elapses some news of this
kind will be heard Air patroing would
be invaluable in spotting enemy ships.
This can be done with ease from Ushuaia
But the patrols guarding the southern
waters of the Strait Of Drake would
operate much more advsntageously from
the islands near the western shore of
Antarctica.
Deception Island offers, besides, a
magnificent anchorage for whole fleet.
This island is the top of a sunken, extinct
volcano, and the rim has a passage con-
Meeting the round interior with the open
sea. At the right Of the entrance are
the shore installations of the ~ Bugge
Hektor Whaling Co., Norwegian con-
Germ. Or perhaps it might be, wiser to
say were" instead of are" because
the rumor has been going around in
South America for quite some time that
the German raider Tamesis which sunk
the Zam-zam few months ago, made
tour of the Antarctic whaling grounds,
sinking ships and shelling shore installs-
tions
So good Is the anchorage of Port
Foster, as this part of the inside of De-
ception Island is called. that before the
war a score of large floating factories
used to gather there to process the
whales. wilkins built his camp near
the whaling factory in 1928 and 1929.
Admiral syrds fast base proved its
Evening star., 1941-12-14

usefulness as an airfield. Although 1t
is a couple hundred miles farther south,
its worth is evident
Possession of these islands. supple
mented possibly by occupation of some
place on the South Orkneys (Argentina
owns Laurie Island, one of them, where
she has had a weather station for
decades, would go long way toward
assuring control of the vital waters of
the Strait of Drake. Ushuaia, in turn,
could be used as naval base, with Ar
gentine assent, and this would give sup
port to the British base at Port Stanley,
in the Falkland Islands.
With the Straits of Magellan defended
by coastal batteries, according to the
Argentina Chilean plan, and the Ant
arctic islands in the right hands. passage
from one ocean to the other could be
controlled by q combination of sea and
air forces.
The Galapagos archipelago plays, in
relation to the Panama Canal, the same
role that the Antarctic islands play in
the defense of southern interocean COM
munication. In view Of the attitude
taken by all of Latin America in this
conflict after the entrance of the United
States, it is fair to say that the political
problems involved in the cession of bases
on the Galapagos have almost vanished,
and that Ecuador now can lay aside
the old worries about the lessening of its
sovereignty rights.
Many Japanese in Peru.
A possible complication, in connection
with the Galapagos, lies in the large
number Of Japanese living in Peru. Ecua-
doris southern neighbor. The Peruvians
have shown on more than one occasion
how they felt about the Nipponese in
their midst. In May of last year, for
instance, there were riots in Lima against
the Japanese, and many of the for
eigners' shops and residences were
stoned, set .afire or otherwise damaged,
cracked was so large that Toxic de-
manded an indemnity running into the
millions-which it now has no chance
of collecting.
The ubiquitous Japanese fishermen,
whose Diesel powered craft have
aroused suspicious from the Juan de
Fuca Strait down to the Peruvian port
of Talara, have made thorough ex-
ploration of the II large and many hun
dreds of small islands comprising the
Galapagos archipelago. Used hun
dred years ago by American whalers out
of New Bedford as way station, the
Galapagos have been assiduously visited
by the Japanese these last few years,
and no doubt the Toxic admiralty is
well supplied with accurate charts made
by the fishermen" on board small yes
sells that, by strange coincidence, were
powered by type of Diesel motor very
similar to that used in submarines.
At the beginning Of this year Nad
propagandists in Ecuador (the same
crowd thS innamed Peru against that
Evening star., 1941-12-14
CONTINENTAL BASES NOW URGENT PROBLEM
Commend Of Doke stot From Antarctic Islands Essential

With the whole Western Hemisphere,
in effect, at war with the Axis, the prob
lem of naval and air defense of the two
continents lying between Point Barrow,
Alaska, and Antarctica, takes on new
significance-a significance tragically
underlined by the effects of air opera
tions against American and British
naval units in the Pacific.
Again the matter of naval and air
bases for American forces is at the FORE
front. Very probably it will be discussed
at the forthcoming Conference of For
eign Ministers of the Americas, to be
held at Rio de Janeiro the first week in
January. This time it will not be a
rather academic question, as it was at
past Pan-American conferences This
time stark realities compel serious, con-
crete and immediate consideration of the
problem.
Two factors come to mind right away
the Galapagos Islands and the defense
of interocean communications around
the southern tip of South America The
Galapagos archipelago is vital for the
defense of the Panama Canal from the
west. Command of the Drake Strait is
essential to assure free passage of ships
from the Pacific to the Atlantic in the
south.
Both are urgent matters. The impor-
tance of the Galapagos is evident The
Importance of the Drake Strait has not
yet been publicly realized, and it deserves
renewed mention.
Drake Strait Left Open.
Argentina and Chile, the two south
ernmost South American republics, have
just agreed to fortify the Straits of
Magellan. Conversations are already
under way to cancel the treaty of 1881,
which forbade fortiflcation of the straits,
and Chile is ready to ship guns for the
coastal batteries that could make enemy
use of the waterway at least extremely
costly. If the job is properly done, 1t
would seal that passage to hostile craft.
That would be very important for
interocean communication, especially If
the Panama Canal were not accessible
for any reason. But it is far from COM
plete protection. While the front door
would be locked, the back door would
still be wide open. The back door is
the Strait of Drake, 60O-mile body Of
water separating the southern tip of
South America from Antarctica.
Our enemies have shown the advan-
tages of striking at advanced bases. 1t
is clearly an urgent matter that the is
lands of Deception, Wandell and
Wiencke, to the west of Graham Land
in Antarctica, be occupied without delay
and air bases built there. The east base
established by Admiral Richard E. Byrd
farther south on the west coast of
Graham Land, on the 68th parallel, could
also be useful, although not nearly to
the extent that those three islands could
be useful.
From Ushuaia, In Argentine TERRA del
Fuego, little to the north of Cape Horn.
to Deception Island, the distance is 600
Evening star., 1941-12-14

Developments Of the week sustain him
In that view. The Philippines and
Malaga are the seats of the most vigo-
rous Japanese land assaults.
BY virtue of the Versailles treaty
which so irritates Japan's ally, Hitler,
Japan owns the Caroline and the
Marshall Islands, land dots scattered
like sown wheat across the Pacific for.
l,4oo miles east and west. Before the
World War those were German islands.
Japan holds them in mandate, which
means that for practical purposes she
owns them. Close to the MarshaIls is
the British island of Nauru, rich in
phosphate, which is necessary of a war
fought with explosives, and Nauru had q
Evening star., 1941-12-14

lies the largest Of all islands, Pacific or
elsewhere, Australia, the continent
country, with its naval base of Darwin.
The Netherlands, United States ally,
controls the richest Of the islands, the
Indies, which stretch for more than
5000 miles from Sumatra, across the
narrow Straits of Mallacca from Singa-
pore, to Dutch New Guinea, north Of
Australia.
The Philippine Islands belong to the
United States, taken in an earlier naval
war, with Spain. in 1898, and these IS
lands President Roosevelt only two days
before the war came described as being
within the horseshoe" of territory for
whose possession Japan was ambitious,
Evening star., 1941-12-14
Pacific Front

The war with Japan is war both of
land and of sea, but sea power is para
mount consideration because Japan is
an island and dependent upon naval
strength for survival. The sea on which
the Oriental aspect of the mighty war
is being decided is the largest ocean and
it was named because it seemed so
peaceful to Balboa, who saw it before
any other European.
The Pacific is the ocean of million
Islands, almost every one of which is
useful as hiding place for ship of war.
The United States controls the northern
most of those islands, the Aleutians,
stretching from Alaska almost to Asia,
and 1t controls the best fortified OF the
Islands, Hawaii. 1