davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1941-09-14

Churchill was making q speech in the
House of Commons-assembled for the
first time since August 6-that was meant
in part for American ears.
The Germans are much hampered on
the American part of the Atlantic by
fear Of trouble with the powerful Amer
lean naval forces which ceaselessly patrol
the approaches to the Western Hemi-
sphere" Mr.. Churchill said This has
been help to us, but wish it might
be a greater help" 1.-TWO days later
Mr.. Roosevelt announced the shooting
policyD
The enenlys tactics may change. No
doubt Hitler would rather finish off Rus
sia and Britain before coming to close
quarters with the United States. Hitler
has, however, the greatest possible need
to prevent precious munition supplies
now streaming across the Atlantic in
pursuance of the policy of the United
States Government from reaching our
Evening star., 1941-09-14
CREDIT CURBS WILL REDIRECT BUYING
Are Weapons Against Initiation and, Letter. DefIotion

At the close of 1910, cash loan credits
outstanding amounted to s1.842 900 ,000-
an increase of 10 per cent above the
total at the end of 1885, and nearly four
and a half times greater than the de-
preston low in February, 1884. In recent
years, there has been a great change in
the proportions OF total cash loan debt
held by various agencies. In 1929, COM
mercial banks accounted for the smallest
part-approximately per cent of the
total. Credit unions held per cent,
while the balance of the consumer in
stallment debt arising from loans was
held by industrial banks and personal
finance companies in almost equal divi-
sion.
BY the end of 1910, commercial banks
had moved to first place, carrying more
than 80 per cent of all cash loan debt.
Personal finance companies were second,
with 27 per cent of the total Industrial
bank cash loans and Title loans insured
by the Federal Housing Administration
each accounted for about 16 per cent,
followed by credit unions with 10 per
cent of the installment loans outstand-
ing.
Price Control Aided.
Installment regulation will reinforce
and make more effective the Govern
ment's price control measures. BY re-
ducing consumer demand, it should also
make available a larger proportion of
national income for saving and will thus
be an essential part of the program to
finance defense, combat imitation and
prepare the country for the inevitable
problems of postwar economic readjust-
ment.
Since the new controls will tend to re-
duce expenditures for durable goods,
they will release additional funds for the
purchase of non-durable goods and other
items not covered by the regulations.
Unless these funds go into some form Of
savings, their release may have an in
fationary stimulus in other fields. II
this happens 1t is likely to cause more
serious consideration Of proposals for
compulsory savings as a means of ST.
power.
Through its housing loans the present
administration used the installment sys-
tenn with good results in it's fight against
the depression. For these loans both
stimulated demand for housing and
created new purchasing power. Assum-
ing present efforts to build up backlog
of consumer demand and reduce the VOL
ume of debt are successful, installment
sales. iberalized and bearing the Gov
ernment's official Endorsement, will be
available as one of the means to pro-
vide market for the products of Amer
lean industry after the war. When de-
fense spending begins to taper off, the
consumer will again have his innings
and an expansion in consumer demand
will be Of vital Importance to the country.
Evening star., 1941-09-14

TO boats. The news reached the State
Department Friday afternoon. and Presi-
dent Roosevelt was notified during a
cabinet meeting-probably the most seri-
Gus cabinet meeting in the whole history
of Mr.. RooseVelt'S presidency, which has
been longer than that of anybody else
in American history.
The previous night, Thursday. the
President broadcast to the world the
decision he had made as
Rooseyelts commander in chief of
Worninq the American Navy: That
the Navy should shoot
when it saw Axis war vessels in American
defensive waters. How close this brings
the United States to participation in
naval warfare is a question which events
will illuminate. Berlin responded to the
Presidents speech by announcing the
sinking of convoy of "a vessels in the
general Iceland region.
Political moves aside from the sink
ings and boasts of sinkings were pointers
also to a growing Axis interest in the
Atlantic front. Vichy announced that
work is being rushed to transform Abid-
jan, facing the South Atlantic of the
Ivory Coast of Africa, into 'one of the
most secure natural harbors in the
world" Between Abidjan and Dakar.
both French ports, lie the two principal
British bases for protection of the mar
row seaway separating Dakar and Natal
Brazil-BathurSt and Freetown
The Associated Press on Thursday sent
out a story that Germany, France and
Spain had worked out
Africon elaborate joint plans to
Defenses defend West Africa
where defense would in
clude sea action in the South Atlantic.
German produced arms are flowing
down to Casablanca in French Morocco,
Villa Cisneros in Spain's Rio de Oro and
Dakar, French Senegal, it was said.
Three-way staff talks started months
ago and repeatedly have reached such
point that a permanent joint staff has
been set up at Melilla. Spanish Morocco.
In early July, Gen. Won Rintelin, Hitler's
African ace; Gen. Nogues, governor gen.
eral of Franch Morocco, and one of
Evening star., 1941-09-14

The invasion force went from England
to Spitsbergen aboard a troopship
guarded heavily by war
Spitsbereen craft. The landing was
Expedition made in manner SINH
ler to a raid on the
Lofoten Islands of Norway last March.
All Norwegians on Spitsbergen were
taken back to England in order to pre-
vent reprisals such as followed the Lofo-
ten raids. The British brought back
also number of French officers who
fought in the Allied force at Narvik last
year. They will join the Free French
forces.
The British claimed also that in other
operations they sank three German ships
supplying troops on the Russians Arctic
front and thought they probably sank
the German warship Bremse, a light
cruiser. The action occurred near Muir
mansk. While the Admiralty was an
nouncing these successes, Prime Minister
Evening star., 1941-09-14
BY Clarke Beach.

until proper housing and facilities were
ready for them. That meant lot of
Improvisation and alteration of plans.
1t threw the Army behind schedule for
months; but Brig. Gen. Harry L. Twad-
die, chief of the operations and training
division says that now man power mobll-
ization has caught up and is proceeding
according to plan.
Each Has Its Own Plan.
Man power mobilization is the key plan,
pacesetter for all the other War Depart
ment plans, some of which are not pro-
ceeding so smoothly. Each arm and
service has its own plan, setting down
in tables the man power it will have in
uniform within certain number of days
after M-Day and the installations and
weapons it will require to house, equip
and arm the men. The plans are so
synchronized that on any particular day
say, M plus SIT is agreed throughout
the department what men and materials
will be required. Neither the men nor
the materials must arrive too early nor
too late.
Thus, to military men, M-Day is pri-
marily basis for computation of time
in mobilization.
In the Navy, the key mobilization plan
concerns shipbuilding, instead of man
power. The schedule on which ships are
built set the pace for mobilization Of
men, training of officers and provision
of supplies and arms.
Coordinate with the War and Navy
Departments plans is their civilian
counterpart, the industrial mobilization
plan. 1t is design for mobilizing hu-
man and industrial resources behind the
battle lines, converting the Nation to
a wartime economy. This plan suggests
measures and organizations by which
the rest of the country can best serve
and supply the military forces.
There has always been an o. P. M, a
S. P. A. B. and an o. P. A. in one form
or another in the industrial plan, which
is prepared and revised every three years
by the Army and Navy Munitions Board.
Nearly all the elements of the present
defense setup are to be found in this
plan. Yet, in some instances the en-
phasis varies, and one outstanding de-
parture from plan is the lack of single
directing head, one man to boss the
whole defense organization, which the
plan suggests.
Plan Is Public Document.
For long time there has been Will
liam S. Knudsen in the industrial mobili-
Zation picture. The present o. P. M.
director, former chairman OF General
Motors, was the civilian leader who gave
his approval to the boards plan for the
automotive industry.
The industrial mobilization plan is
public document, procurable at the Gov
eminent Printing Office, but the real
meat Of the plsn consists of the scores
Of appendices, which remain locked In
Evening star., 1941-09-14
Battle OF the Atlantic

On the wide shelves of Davy Jones
locker beneath the waves about 300
miles from Iceland, the Germans have
"staked out" a great maritime graveyard,
the scene of countless SinkingS OF vessels
bound with supplies for Britain and for
Anglo American -garrisoned Iceland. In
that region the direct contest between
the Axis and America begins.
First there was the Greer incident,
involving the United States destroyer
Greer, fired at by a Nazi
U-Boot submarine in the Iceland
Attacks region. Tuesday brought
the disclosure that on Au-
gust II a German submarine, without
warning, torpedoed and shelled the
freighter Sessa, about 300 miles SOUTH
west of Iceland. The ship was a requisi-
toned Danish vessel, operated by an
American firm, but registered in Panama.
Registration in Panama makes it posi-
BILE for American-oWned ships to sail
into the waters of combat zones, for
hidden to them under resolutions issued
according to the Neutrality Act.
Three survivors of the SeSsa sinking
we're picked up by the United States de-
stroyer Lansdale. On the day the State
Department received the news about the
Sessa, it learned also that the American
freighter Steel Seafarer was sent to the
bottom of the Red Sea by bomb from
an airplane described by British in Cairo
as German plane. The 20 men aboard
here were rescued. The attack took place
September 5. The Red Sea was removed
from the combat zone when the British
last spring completed the conquest OF
Italian East Africa. The Germans
warned that American ships entering
the Red Sea to supply the British Middle
Eastern armies would be engaging in
a risky business.
On Thursday, September II, the S. S.
Montana, Sessa's sistership, also Pana-
ma-registered, on the way to Iceland
with lumber consigned to the Icelandic
government, was torpedoed and sent to
the bottom about 40 miles from the
scene of the Sessa sinking. The crew
of 26, which included no Americans, took
Evening star., 1941-09-14

M-Day slipped by like the first chill
wind of autumn, unheralded and unde-
tected. Yet for a long time the world
will not be the same again.
Sometime in the past year, the national
gears were shifted, and dozens of mobili-
zation plans were taken out of War and
Navy Department vaults and were put
into practice. The time is now M plus go
or M plus 120 or M plus 365, according
to which plan you look at. Some plans
have gone well, some haven't.
M-Day was to have been a grand occa-
sion. many of us had imagined Over
/, the radio in the press and from sound
trucks in the streets all America would
learn within an hour that the day of
mobilization had arrived. Army and
Navy Reserves would pour out of Offices
and homes and rush to their stations.
The President would go on the radio and
order 10000 manufacturers to proceed at
once to fill the Army and Navy orders
then lying in their safes.
M-Day would bring a vast and i'm
mediate change in the lives of farmers,
engineers, doctors and architects. What
M-Day would mean to these profession
ais and the rest of us had been explained
for year or more in editorials and ar
ticles. So great a stir was to have been
created that only Gabriel and his
trumpet could have added to the hula
baloo.
No Product of lima gination,
All this was no product of the imagi-
nation. 1t was In black and white in the
most important and most secret files of
the Army and Navy. For 20 years the
naval and military men had been shap-
ing and revising their mobilization plans.
If the plans had been carried out all at
once and on schedule, the Nation would,
indeed, have had an M-Day which it
would long remember.
But there had never been any thought
that there would be such an M-Day ex-
cept in the event of invasion. To meet
that emergency the plans would have
modified "the maximum military
strength in the minimum time" accord
ing to the services slogan.
Instead, there has been long peace
time transition period during which
there has been a gradual change to war
time conditions militarily and econom-
ically. The services had never hoped for
so long period of preparation.
One effect of this has been to throw
the Army off schedule. It's plans called
for quickly concentrating the Regular
Army and National Guard in temporary
camps and stations and within 80 days
moving them into the theater of opera
tions. This would have made room In
the camps for the selectees. But, be-
cause of present peaceful conditions, the
Guard and the Army have been kept in
the camps and selectees were sent there,
too; Congress, meanwhile, he'd stipu-
lated that no men be called to camp
Evening star., 1941-09-14
Brown
Continued From Page D-1.)

tSOllJlluCu age D-1J
liable quarters that indirect contacts
have been made with Hitlers men in
the neutral countries of Europe. But
even those who ardently believe IN COM
ing to terms with the German dictators
have reported back that any peace at
present would be nothing but trap, and
only a complete defeat of the men lead
ing Germany today can bring real peace
in the world.
Same Opinion. Here.
The same opinion prevails in high Off
cial quarters in Washington. Here, too,
there have been many-not necessarily
in President Roosevelt's official family
who believed that Herr Hitler saw the
precipice' which was opening not only
under the feet of his own people but
all over the world, and that, given a
fair chance, he could be brought to see
the light. These individuals no longer
believe that there can be decent peace
with the German dictator. They have
had confidential men abroad who were
in touch with the Fuehrer's men. But
despite the cleverness of these agents.
it was obvious that the Fuehrer was
aiming at an armistice to enable him
to consolidate continental Europe, an
armistice to stop the military efforts
of his opponents. And when Europe
benefited by the blessings of the new
order and the foes of Nazi-ism were
lulled into new feeling of security and
peace in our time" they would have
either been compelled to accept what
ever terms the Fuehrer imposed or ac-
cept an unequal fight.
These reports-from the British ap-
peasers and from the agents of Amer
lean non-interventionists been
thoroughly digested in Washington. The
result has been a war effort which will
make us spend more than this country
has ever spent in its entire existence
as an independent nation.
Evening star., 1941-09-14
Russian Front

The Germans almost ceased to move
forward in Russia. Moscow claims that
the southern troops of Marshal Semeon
Budyenny have recrossed the Dnieper
River from the east bank in four places,
after the Nazis had taken almost al the
ground west of the river. Leningrad still
stands in Russian control. and the siege
of that city is not yet fully organized.
In the Russian center, on the road to
Moscow, the Russians last week claimed
great victories.
In July the Nazis occupied the Russian
town of Yelna, 200 miles west of Moscow
and 10 miles southeast of Smolensk.
That center the Nazis made their base
site from which to launch their drive to
Evening star., 1941-09-14

Spain's generals met at Melilla. Out of
that meeting grew the permanent tri-
power staff.
In Vichy at the weeks end it was
openly hinted in the controlled press
that a German-Italian offensive in the
Western Mediterranean (possibly in
SPAIN might be brewing. A German
move into Spain would give the Axis
dominance along practically the whole
of the European continental Atlantic
Coast. except for Portugal. Today that
dominance starts at the North Cape,
Norway, and runs south 10 the Franco
Spanish border
Norway. however, is trial for its
German holders. Disturbances in Oslo,
the Norwegian capital, grew
Norwoy so numerous and extensive
ReheIs that at S am. Wednesday
the German commissioner
for Norway, Josef Terboven, decreed for
Oslo and the surrounding districts a
state of civil siege. The decree forbids
the affecting districts between 8 pm.
and am. Communication facilities
close at 7:3O pm. Restaurants close at
7 pm. Sale of alcohol is forbidden.
Theaters and movies are closed. Dane
ing is banned
North of Norway, $50 miles below the
North Pole, lie the frigid Arctic islands
of Spitsbergen, rich in coal. The British
disclosed on Monday that an expedition
ary force of British, Canadians and Free
Norwegians led by the Canadian briga-
dier, Arthur E Potts, had invaded Spits-
bergen-owned by Nazi-held Norway
and took steps to make it impossible for
the Germans to use the coal of Spits-
bergen Berlin minimized the undertak-
ing as "a typical prestige move
Evening star., 1941-09-14

Moscow drive Wnlcn yet has not de-
veloped? The Moscow paper Pravda, in
an account by the Red novelist Stavsky,
reported that the Russians assaulted
the Germans so fiercely in Yelna that
the Nazis dug themselves in on the sur
rounding heights, building massive FORTH
fications of iron and concrete linked by
trenches and guarded by barbed wire.
Now the Germans are gone. Tons Of
metal poured down on the Germans and
battered divisions were with
Soviet drawn to the rear" wrote
Drive Stavsky, but the German
command continued to cling
to the district" The Russian pressure
grew so great by September 4 that there
was no doubt of the outcome. The Ger
mans were driven 13 miles back from
Yelna, and their route of retirement,
according to Stavsky, was carpeted with
German corpses.
Further south it is a different story.
The Russians acknowledged their own
withdrawal from Chernigov, so miles
northeast of Kiev, Ukrainian capital,
along the lower central front. This
meant that the Nazis had crossed the
Dnieper above Kiev-well to the north
of the main German point of Ukrainian
occupation-and had extended a salient
80 miles beyond the river. From that
salient a f1anking attack could be made
to take Kiev's defenders from behind.
The Russians said their navy in the
Gulf of Finland was bombarding Ger
man troops being used in the attempted
siege of Leningrad. The Soviet govern
ment formally charged Bulgaria with
turning her seaports, airports and soil
over to Germany and Italy for attacks
on Russia, particularly against the
Crimea, the Caucasus and Odessa
Evening star., 1941-09-14

MAJ is n " hnh h Many to pro-
from Hspd rand matns sand dmono to a
Of Free
m g
ply o.
Utb Of h eoudp tem tud
OF
turnpike h o oRuSHase uodbk rnu
pp OF nfn
he no @
hdardU
pH ut
in us her
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-03-23

antness abroad mas Deer nqui-
dated.
Meanwhile. they are doing
their best To perpetuate the
cossetted careers that had been
their lot, until Hitler loomed
on the horizon. by growing
smoothly into the social swim
whose vortex churns around
Park Avenue in Little Old New
York.
Suave. polished. their old
world manners have plucked
little cries Of delight from
susceptible nosteSSes.
And those of them who stem
from autocratic countries.
where the Voice Of the Pee-Pul
is a mere whisper. must learn
with ironical amusement that
they are now regarded as fervio
defenders Of democracy.
Swelling their ranks are a
number OF American repatri-
ates. descendants Of solid
Yankee stock whose foreign ac-
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-03-23

OF America. whose marriage 20
Count Boni de CaStellanG In
the Nineties touched Oft a series
OF alliances between tmpover-
ished European noblemep and
impr essiona able Yankee
catches"
Lazy Mendl, the former Elsie
de Wolfe. Der indigo-hued hair
decorously coiffed. was also
seel frequently about the oetter
bottles before departing TOR Cali
forrha.
Beatrice BENJAMIN Pratt
Gibson Cartwright McAvoy Is
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-03-23

nves quietly. often dining tn
conspicuously--on one occs-
sion With bag containing
81 600 900 in Jewels tucked be-
tween ris knees.
Exiled Journalists, prescribed
authors. INDECENT artists. and
other manifestations OF pre-
Blitzkrieg Europe are also try
ing TO adjust their schedules
10 the American way Of life.
But IL is in the chi-chi clubs
OF Manhattan, where the music
Is soft ano the lights latter
ing. that one gnmpses these
Twentieth-century Pilgrims IN
4 showcase suitable to-their
regal BACKGROUNDS
Where q prairie schooner
once served 70 fetch immigrants
TO their destinations. Q Rolls
Rovce or a Mercedes-Ben7 u
pressed into service TO whisk
todaF's newcomers from one
ofush bistro 70 another
i And heu conduct mas not
always reflected credit on their
purple blooded ancestry. Loud,
DEMANDING. contemptuouf Of
democratic customs. many Of
them have incurred the wrath
of Americans
But. willy-uilly. they are IN
our midst. these refugees who
took a powder" when their
homelands crumpled before the
German military machine
And America. which sneltereo
millions who FLED before the
tyranny spawned oy the fore
fathers Of many Of boday't
"emigrees. may find q way 70
assimilate The Immigrants OF
1871.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-03-23

another repatr1ateo American
currently roughinR 1t IN the
giddy whirl OF New YORK social
life. Her husband. Freddy Nc
Avoy, remains in Europe.
The emeralds OF multi-mar-
ried Mrs. McAvoy. reputedly the
finest in all International So
ciety. make a brave showing
when she chooses 70 wear them
ar important functions
They're discussing, mayhap,
the ticklish subtleties Of Old
World intrigue. or the gilded
gayety that DISTINGUISHED their
social structure before Leihens-
raun and power politics became
ominous ingredients Of the liv-
ing language
At any rate. the glossy COM
fort OF their surroundings the
soft whispers OF solicitouS wait
ers. and the lilt Of luliin9 music
does little TO tarnish their
nostalgia ov invoking pictures
Of the Inferno now devourinQ
Europe
Prfncesses and Hdonnfes
Photogenically. the influx OF
titled foreigners mas given a
sharp lift 70 the New York
nightlife season. ana the oulch-
ritude inside The velvet rope
on q given night IL stunning
enough TO warm the cockles
Of anv .afe ornprietor's heart
In one corner the Hon
Brinslev Plunket tsbien Tia
mond necklace .areSsin2 neT
throat. may oe the msinsprine
Of merry party Or the Prin-
cess Alexander aohenlohe q
daughter of AmhaSsadnr An
thonv D. Biddle. nav BE- sfo-
ping drink with her husband.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-03-23

tinesse. glittering members Of
the strange sorority that forms
the distaff side OF the lnterna-
tional Set.
Look into Fete's Monte Carlo.
or the st. Regis Iridium Room,
or the Hotel Pierre, or any OF
the more recherche watering
places IN Gotham and YOU are
almost certain to linn a cross
section OF Continental Society
You'll see. perhaps. Archduke
Franz Josef OF Austria convers-
ing earnestly with the Duchess
de ralleyrand, nee Anna Gould
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-03-23

uduy tAiStcuCC.
Such are some OF the physi-
al portents that America. al
ways q haven for the humbIel
and oppressed OF every nation
has arain been summoned byl
circumstances to "sashay" into
her traditional role.
But this time. the FLOOD OF
refugees pouring past Ellis
Island TO seek sanctuary In the
United States bears scant re-
semblance 70 the grimy. be-
shswled wave OF immigrants
that inundated the country
during the last century
They're "Emigrees"
A cushioned seat on a Clipper
has replaced the steamy kennel
OF the steerage.
And don't call them refugees
please. They're emigrees In the
historic sense, mere visitors who
Intend TO return 70 their proper
sphere when the little unpIeas-