davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1941-11-16

The Bible Lands of the Near East,
often called the cradle OF civiliZa-
ton, are catching up with the
machine age.
On old caravan trails across burn
ing desert sands, conditioned
buses take the place of camels. RAJ il
road trains whistle past ancient
Babylon. Seaplanes alight on the
Sea of Galilee. BaZaars in Baghdad
and Damascus sell American sewing
machines and English dress goods
along with native goatskin boots and
silken wells.
And Oil wells, from the Caucasus
Mountains in Russia south to the
Persian Gulf, create a thriving new
business that brings prosperity in
peacetime but attracts bombs in
war.
These changes have come about
despite geographic handicaps. Nature
was none too kind to this region, a
land bridge between Europe and
Asia. Most of the area is either
desert or mountain. The desert heat
is intense. There is little rain; some
parts receive less than five inches q
year.
Yet in the Near East man first
settled down to farm, for some spots
were blessed with fertile ground and
precious moisture From them came
enormous contributions to history
and civilization; the Near East, too,
became the home of three great re-
ligionS-Christian Hebrew and Mo-
hammedan.
One of the fertile spots was the
valley of the TigriS and Euphrates
Rivers Rising among the melting
snow of the Turkish mountains, the
rivers flow close together across
modern Iraq, known to the ancients
as Mesopotamia. Long ago their
sediment built up a rich plain from
Baghdad to the Persian Gulf.
The Tigris-Euphrates valley, ira
dition says, was the site of the Gar
den of Eden. What a contrast to
the edges of the desert. where sheep
and goats could find scarcely enough
grass!
The second fertile area was the
subtropical strip of Palestine along
the Mediterranean coast. To the
Israelites coming out Of the desert
wilderness of the Sinai Peninsula it
was land flowing with milk and
honey" Actually, however, 1t took
patient work to make a living.
Irrigation systems helped those
ancient farmers to raise good crops.
But centuries of wars and the shift
ing of rivers destroyed the bitches
Evening star., 1941-11-16

There are 1888 establishments IN
the United States engaged In book
binding and related industries with
an annual production valued at
$lo2,5el, 900. according 70 the eso-
Evening star., 1941-11-16
Natures Part in Heating Vital Regions of the World
Y
Bible Areas Become
Lands of Bomb, Bus
And Oil Pipe Line

This is the sirth OF series OF
informative articles and maps on
the fascinating geographic back
ground OF 1Oorld areas in the ne1Us
OF today. At the request of The
Washington Star, the National
Geographic Society as a part o.
its many educational activities.
has prepared the basic data and
accompanying maps from its rich
resources OF geographic kno,Dl-
edge and surveys. By clipping
this series from 1Deek to Dee'c
adults and school pupils may dc-
Qutre gazetteer for permanent
reference and Interpretation OF
netUS dispatches.
Evening star., 1941-11-16

INERT Sunday: Japan, an empire
spun from silken Threads
Evening star., 1941-01-15

Planning Commission was COM
mended for its work on the tri-
angular parks along Pennsylvania
avenue In a resolution proposed by
Mrs. George Marshall. The COM
mission was asked to replace dead
trees in the traffic islands on
Pennsylvania avenue Sc
Mr.. Davis resigned as the asso-
ciations representative to the FEEDER
alton of Citizens Associations and
Mr.. Allen was elected to succeed
him.
The meeting was held in the
East Washington Heights Baptist
Church.
Evening star., 1941-01-15
Summit Park Citizens
Name Advisers on
Home Building
Association Committee
Would Assist Prospective
Owners in Community

A committee to advise prospective
builders in the community was
elected last night at the meeting
of the Summit Park Citizens Asso-
citation. James S. Davis. Walton
Allen and George H. Marshall were
named on the committee.
Mr.. Allen pointed out that the
majority of the homes in Summit
Park were built by private iniivi-
duals rather than by speculative
builders" and that some unscrupu-
lous contractors victimiZed their
clients. He suggested that an advi-
sorry council to serve both asso-
citation members and those planning
to live in Summit Park would save
time and expense in home building.
On the motion of Mr.. Marshall,
fire alarm boxes were asked for the
area.
The National Capital Park and
Evening star., 1941-01-15

Whiteford, attorney, will be toast
master and present gifts to Mr.
Bishop from the companies and
employees.
Mr.. Bishop is chairman Of the
Board of Directors of the Perpetual
Building Association. He was elected
president of the title companies in
1928.
Evening star., 1941-01-15
official of Factory
Accept, Jury Duty
Clerk Is Excused

BY the Associated Press.
INDIANAPOLIS, Jan. Is
Frank Hoke, vice president of
a coal stoker factory, and his
shipping clerk, Russell l..
Ferguson, were called for jury
service in a criminal trial.
Mr.. Hoke reported his COM
pany was busy on a national
defense order. Special Judge
Frank A. Symmes said he'd
excuse one of the two.
Il believe my shipping clerk
is more important to the COM
pany," said Mr.. Hoke.
The clerk was dismissed. The
vice president stayed in the
courtroom.
Evening star., 1941-01-15
Dinner Tomorrow Niqht
ItHthby AY|huYC Bishop

A dinner in honor Of Arthur G.
Bishop, retiring president of the
District Title Insurance Co., the
Lawyers Title Insurance Co. and
the Washington Title Insurance Co.,
will be given tomorrow at 6 o'clock
at the Raleigh Hotel. The dinner
will mark the 46th anniversary of
Mr.. Bishop with the Lawyers Title
Co., which came together with the
other two companies in 1928
One hundred and fifty employees
of the companies and about 25 guests
are expected to attend. Roger J.
Evening star., 1941-01-15
To Elect Home Officers

Officers and 10 members of the
Board of Directors of the Hebrew
Home for the Aged will be elected
at an annual meeting to be held
Sunday at 2:15 pm. in the audi
torium of the home. 1125 Spring
road NV. Refreshments will be
served by the Ladies Auxiliary OF
the home. which is a member of
the Community Chest.
Evening star., 1941-01-15
Aid Circle to Be Guests

Members Of the Hebrew Sisters
Aid Circle will be guests at services
Friday evening at the B'nai Israel
Synagogue, Fourteenth and Emer-
son streets NV. Rabbi Henry Segal
will preach on And He Went Out
to His Brethren" The following will
. take part in the forum: Mrs. Joseph
Cherner, Mrs. Sam Schlosky, Mrs.
Sam Davis, Mrs. A. Green and Mrs.
Harry Cohen.
Evening star., 1941-01-15

of the British-American Ambulance
Corps will be held at the Willard
Hotel tomorrow at 4 pm. Entire
proceeds Of the performance, which
will number a cast of $50 children,
will 60 to the relief corps.
Evening star., 1941-01-15
Program to Honor Lee

MANASSAS, Va. Jan. Is (Spe-
ciaD "A program in honor of Robert
E. Lee, Stonewall Jackson and
Mathew Fontaine Maury will be held
tomorrow at Las pm. in the Os-
bourne High School here. Col. r. A.
HutchiSon will speak.
Evening star., 1941-01-15
Tryouts Set for Production

First tryouts for a musical pro-
duttIOn Of "TOm Sawyer and
Huckleberry Finn" to be presented
here early in April for the benefit
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1941-05-21

stokers. the Schwitzer-Cummins
Co, manufacturers of stokers,
more than six years ago ordered
Washington coal shipped back to
their factory so that their en-
gineers could study its burning
characteristics.
Since then they have sent two
different types Of Stokols TO the
Bureau of Mines located at the
University of Washington to be
used by government engineers IN
the testing of all the different
Goals mined in the state.
Detailed reports of these tests
are now available for the manu-
facturers so that their engineers
can change the burners if neees-
sary to get the best results with
our local coal. This cooperation
of all these agencies is a direct
benefit to the home owner who
wants automatic heat at the least
expense.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1941-05-21

With this knowledge he can
often discern danger points in time
90 avert them. and. In the end. get
exactly the kind Of house he ex-
pected Here are five basic con-
alterations for home-owners-to be /:
tL) Familiarize yourself wit h
thu basic fundamentals II con-
suuction. Read up on the subject
and discuss Il with friends who
have had experience friends who
have built their own homes. II pos
sible. Knowledge o. accepted
building practices will enable you
o. discuss your aims with archi-
tect and builder in an intelligent
manner. And II will give you a
deeper understanding Of where
your money il going and whether
certain extra" items are worth
The expense they incur.
tf.l II Ia also well 70 gain an
understanding OF the rudiments OF
good design and efficient planning.
for poor arrangement and unattsc-
uveness can make even the most
expensive home a disappointment.
Retain a capable architect AZ coun-
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1941-05-21

sci 10 make absolutely sure that
your home will be planned right.
(s) Investigate all financing
possibilities before starting to
build. Federal housing administra-
ton mortgage plans make home
ownership possible for even those
who have small incomes. Payments
may be extended for as long as rs
years In some cases: down pay
ments vary from 1Ofs TO 25et of
construction cost.
(4D Build for the future as well
as for the present use reputable
quality materials throughout.
skimping on quality seldom pays
any dividends other than trouble
later on. The few dollars you
save" at the present time will be
expended later in repair bills and
impaired efficiency.
90 Sound planning and quality
materials depend. In the end. upon
the care and thoroughness with
which they are used. In this con-
nection IL Is imperative that you
should hire a reliable contractor
with a high reputation.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1941-05-21

that Washing
ton Goals burn
so successfully
in them, accord
ing to A. E.
Green of the
S I o X oil Engi-
neering Co.
Recognize | n g
the vast depos-
its of coal in the
State of Wash
ington and the
potential mar
ket here for
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1941-05-21

Home OWNERSHIP BE Should Take
Five Basic Steps 10 Get Full Value

The prospective building pro-
cedure the greater getting
Inent
Naturally II impossible
understanding the smallest
possible for him famiarize Wi bias steps
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1941-05-21
Stokols Burn
Local Goals
Factory Instdlls
Best Type Burners

Sale and installation of nearly
q thousand Stokol coal stokers in
Tacoma and immediate vicinity
has been due primarily to the fact
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1941-05-21

Think you hove to be rich to
build O home of your own?
Forget IT, Whether your pres
ent rent is SIS or 500 q
month you con have the Pleos-
ure ond security of home own
ership. Just get the pIons best
suited to your needs. line up
O dependable orchitect and
building contractor; buy the
best building supplies you con
-ond see your dreoms Toxic
root ond grow It's fun to
build O house, Let your local
builder help you do it right.
Evening star., 1941-12-10

enforced savings" plan to enlist the
peoples money in the war effort.
Senator Downey, Democrat, OF
California announced yesterday that
he would propose an enforced saw
ings" program that would take from
10 to Is per cent Of all income and
wages. He estimated the annual
yield at between $4,000, ,0OO, 900 and
SIS ,OO0, 900 900, and said the plan
would almost eliminate the imitation
danger by absorbing so much pur-
chasing power.
Regardless of the methods pur-
sued, 1t was evident that the Federal
debt would climb steadily upward
from its present $55 ,220, ,000, 900 level
No one at the Treasury predicted
how high 1t would go but some time
in the next year it is expected to
reach the $65 ,000, 900. 900 limit now
on the lawbooks. That the limit
will then be raised or abolished was
assumed in fiscal quarters long be-
fore hostilities broke out.
Evening star., 1941-12-10
Treasury 10 Borrow
10 Billion Of Surplus
OF Persons and Firms
Method, Held InfIotion
Check; Enforced Sovines'
Discussed at Capitol
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
The Treasury today made its i'm
mediate war Financing objective the
borrowing Of an estimated $10,O00,-
100000 Of the money which indi-
viduals and businesses normally set
aside each year for savings.
The annual sum realized by this
method may not be enough to pay
for the difference between taxes and
spending during the war, but only
after that much has been borrowed
will the Treasury have to dip into
the accumulated earnings or savings
Of past years. Accumulated bank
deposits alone are near $70,000,-
000, 200.
The first goal Of the Treasury, as
described by one Of its highest
officials, will be to tap the Nations
current savings because that form
of borrowing will also help stave
of imitation.
Machinery Exists.
The machinery for this drive is
already set up, for the most part, In
Evening star., 1941-12-10

the Defense bond savings campaign.
Sales Of Defense bonds in the seven
months preceding the japanese st-
tack aggregated $4,000, 100000. In
the next year. the total may exceed
s., 900 900 900, or half Of the savings
borrowing goal.
Orders already have gone out to
speed up this campaign, especially
among industrial workers who are
being asked to sign up to invest a
specific portion Of each months
wages. Every radio station and every
newspaper has been asked to print
new appeals for purchases. So far
this is as close as the Treasury ex-
poets to come to the intensive
Liberty Loan drives Of the first
World War era.
The other $1,000, ,OOO, 900 of current
savings will be sought from the big
businesses, the great insurance COM
panies, the savings banks, the large
trust funds and other flduciaries.
These investors are virtually ex-
cluded from the purchase OF the
present defense bonds, but will be
offered other bonds more suitable to
their needs.
For anti-inflationary reasons, all
these other potential investors will
be encouraged to lend money to the
Treasury ahead Of commercial banks,
but the bank money will be bor-
rowed, too.
Forced Savings Discussed.
Whereas the Treasury borrowing
plan had a voluntary basis, there
were some legislators on Capitol
Hill who renewed advocacy of an
Evening star., 1941-12-10
u. S.'Warned Hitler ThreaI
Is as Serious as Japan's
BY the Associated Press,

By the Associated Press.
CHICAGO, Dec. 10.-Assistant
Secretary Of State Breckinridge
Long warned last night that while
dealing with this situation IN the
Pacific, we must not overlook the
danger on the other side Of the
world" and declared:
For Germany, In the very heart
of Europe, is under the absolute
rule Of ruthless and ambitious men
who live for war, have prepared for
war, and finally forced war upon
that continent"
In an address before the Ameri-
can Farm Bureau Federation, Mr..
Long added:
These men stand today con-
victed out of their own mouths OF
the most heinous crime against hu-
manity-the deliberate launching Of
a destructive war Of world con-
quest. '''
Hitler intends to prevent supplies
from reaching the British Isles and
thus make easier an invasion OF
England. He intends to intimidate
us into a retreat from the high
seas and - blast q way for him.
self toward the conquest OF the
Western Hemisphere"
Evening star., 1941-12-10
10. P. N. Curbs
|Coin-Operoted
| Machines
BY the Associated Press.

. BY the Associated Press
The Government today prohibited
production of coin-operated gam
bling machines after February and
simultaneously told manufacturers
of juke boxes and certain other
coin-operated devices to curtail their
output rs per cent by the same date.
The order, issued by Donald M.
Nelson, o. P. M. priorities director,
was the most drastic limitation yet
placed on q civilian industry be-
cause of shortages of materials
needed in defense production. 1t
served as a foretaste of future fur
ther restrictions on the civilian con-
sumption of metals, which President
Roosevelt said last night would
have to be reduced by more than so
per cent.
The action will conserve large
quantities of steel and other critical
materials.
Oficials estimated that manufac-
turers affected by the order, con-
centrated in the Chicago area, en-
ployed total of approximately
$4,000 persons.
Evening star., 1941-12-10
Defense SideIights
Steve's White House Peanut Stund Hit
By War;; 1t Hos to Move

and Professional workers Of America
No. n, affiliated with the G. I. O.
Copies of a resolution pledging 10y
atty were sent to the President and
other national officials.
A message to Mr.. Roosevelt from
the American Washer and Ironer
Manufacturers Association, signed
by w. Neal Gallagher, president, OF
Newton, Iowa, said the organization
was being held in readiness for
100 per cent production service
for our Navy and Army"
Private duty nurses were. urged
today by Miss Edith NJ. Beattie, ex-
ecutive secretary of the Graduate
Nurses Association, 1746 K street
NV, to send in their names and ad-
dresses, giving days and hours they
will be on call for volunteer emer-
gency work. I'VE must have a COM
plete roster of those who will help in
this serious emergency" said Miss
Beattie. She asked that nurses mail
post cards instead Of telephoning.
Chairmen of four national de-
fense committees of the American
Legion, after a meeting here yes
terday, sent out a bulletin today to
all departments and posts to report
at once for volunteer service in the
civilian defense setup. Legion units
also were asked to aid Navy and
air cadet recruiting.
The Red Cross will give parties for
service men at three different points
In the city at $50 o'clock tonight
The points announced were Key
Bridge. Dalecalia Filtration Plant
and Chain Bridge.
Evening star., 1941-12-10
Postmistress Gets Role
In New British Film

Mrs. M. Blewitt, postmistress at
Mousehole, England, is appearing In
one Of the important British films
Of the year, THE Foreman Went to
France"
The picture unit was near Mouse
hole on location when the London
producer recognized the postmis-
tress, who had often played in gov
ernment films. He gave her the role
of q nun.
Evening star., 1941-12-10
Joint Nazi-IiaIian
Declaration Is Due
Today, Bern Hears
Extraordinary Activity
Among Diplomats in
Berlin Reported
BY DAVID M. NICHOL,
Foreign Correspondent Of The Star and
Chicago Daily News

CHICAGO Daily News.
BERN, Dec. 10.-Well-informed
circles here are now virtually GER
tain of the appearance of joint
Berlin Rome declaration later to-
day. 1t is not known yet what
form it will take.
An atmosphere of greatest ten
sion persisted in Berlin, according
to accounts in Swiss newspapers.
German Foreign Office spokesmen
admitted extraordinary diplo-
matte activities, presumably CEN
tering on the three-power Axis pact
commitments and the position of
the satillite adherents.
What form the declaration might
take still is unknown as this is
written. Rumors persist that the
Reichstag will meet to hear Hitler.
The German radio, however, has
given no indication so far. Der
Bund of Bern reports cancellation
of the premier performance planned
for tonight at the famous Kroll
Opera House, where the Reichstag
assemblies The building has been
used for opera since the Prussian
State Opera was destroyed in an
air raid last April.
aggression" Emphasized.
The emphasis that Berlin spokes-
men give to United States "aggres-
sion" is perhaps significant. Neue
Zuercher Zeitung reports German
arguments along the lines that
America is the actual "aggressor"
despite the fact that the Japanese
struck savagely first. The account
adds, citing Wilhelmstrasse sources,
that American policy toward the
Axis 'is even more aggressive than
toward Japan" This might indi-
cate an attempt to invoke the three
power pact for joint declaration
against the United States.
Neue Zuercher Zeitung says that
Berlin officials likewise attach i'm
portance to the absence of any Rus
sian statement on the new conflict
In the Pacific, pointing to the treaty
of neutrality signed by Toxic and
Moscow last April. The paper says
the Nazis are following possible de-
velopments in this sector with
greatest interest"
Absence of Actual Surprise.
Several accounts stress the ab-
sence of any actual surprise among
Nazi officials over the Japanese at
tacks. The National Zeitung of
Basel quotes the semi-offcial Ger
man news agency as declaring that
"Roosevelt's American people are
the only ones really surprised" It
Is now known that the United States
State Department was informed
two weeks ago on the basis of Dip
lomatic information outside Ger
many that the Washington CONVEX
sations were believed to be only a
stall.
Die Tat of Zurich says military
circles in Berlin credit much Of the
early Japanese success to the thor
oughness of Tokio's espionage and
the United States open refusal to
combat these methods. The same
sources. the account says, declare
that the japanese placed repre-
sentatiyes, everywhere, even as
stokers on American warships. II
suggests that special japanese En-
voy Saburo Kurusu was not In
formed himself concerning the
plans of his government.
(copyrieht, 1e4f, Chicago Daily News 1nc0
Evening star., 1941-12-10
Little Cultivation

Mountainous and heavily forested
except for the coastal lowlands, there
are only eight or nine thousand
acres of land under cultivation in
French Guiana.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-06-22
Mdckindc
Ready for
Gay, Festival

MACKINAC ISLAND. June
21.--With the $50 year-round
residents of this quaint little
isle bristling with anticipation,
final plans for the colorful and
glamorous M ackinac Island
festival, July 25-26-27, are now
taking shape.
For the first time in their lives
the islanders will become actors
and, with professional assist
ants and direction, recreate the
Mackinac Island of $50 years
ago. "Old Mackinac Lives
Again" will be the theme OF the
festival. which promises to far
outstrip anything OF its kind
ever witnessed in Michigan.
Since the preliminary an
noucement of the event a short
time ago, interest in the festi-
val throughout the Middle West
has grown 10 the point that
Mackinac Island is planning 10
accommodate the greatest in
flux OF visitors in its history.
In addition 10 the normal Sum-
mer traffic Of 200 people a
day. more than $1,000 are ex-
pected to be present for the
festival.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-06-22

Another amazingly interesting
character you'll meet in the
Smokes is Wiley Oakley Of Cat
linburg known throughout
that region as The Roamin'
Man o the Mountains adept
with the musical instruments Of
the hill country and ideally fitted
10 take his place as stage or
radio entertainer L.. H.. but prefer
ing the beauty OF the Smokes
TO the bright lights Of the big
towns.
The mountain da n ceS, OF
course. are 10 the strains OF
fiddle and. possibly. a guitar
with a horn-voiced native calm
the fggers'
And over all of that magnif-
cent vacation playplace choose
10 believe the spirit OF Tsali
hovers o.. and l can imagine
Tsali saying 10 Sequoyah
"My sacrifice was not In vain"
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-06-22

main-route spots spots such
as Cade's Cove and Greenbrier
Creek spots so different
from those you ordinarily en-
counter that YOU find yourself
marveling that you're in l94l
America.
Travel over 10 Cade's Cove.
IL you will, and meet Uncle
Dan" Myers hes 9s come
this September with a
great mass Of snowy whiskers
bright blue eyes but
ternut" breaches and blue cham
bray shirt and heavy shoes
ne cobbled himself
When YOU 90 into the Qualla
reservation over Cherokee way
you'll meet Standing Deer,
Cherokee chief and reputedly
the champion archer Of all The
Indian tribes. And when YOU
see this six-leoter planting ar
rows in target so yards away.
with never miss out Of 30
shots. you're not inclined 70
question his rank as a marks
man.
The Cherokecs YOU see on
the Qualla Reservation are de-
scended from Sequoyah's people
Sequoyah who developed a
Cherokee alphabet Sequoyah
who circulated a Cherokee news
paper among the tribes a cen
tury and a half ago Sequoyah
who was a friend of the white
man