davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1941-01-04

Jim Bridger, the famous pioneer
whose career In the west antedates
the wonderful discoveries Of gold
in GrasshOpper and Alder gulcheS,
which brought gold hunters by the
thousands from all points Of the
compass and was the start OF
Montana's development, knew more
about the west of early days than
any other man. In search Of adj
venture he had blaZed trails from
the Platte to the Missouri. Much
Of his time was spent in Montana
where the beaver, from which he
derived q livelihood, and the buf-
faIO, which furnished him with
sustenance, abOunded.
After John Golfer he was the first
white man known to have visited the
Yellowstone national park, his per-
sonal knowledge of the wonderland
dating back to 1929, or Ill years ago
Bridger had seen many wonderful
things in the west, of which he told
his friends, but the public was in
clined to doubt his veracity. So, when
he tried to inform his acqliaintances
on the lower Missouri, where he would
go occasionally with a boatload of
furs, of the scenic marvels of the yell
lowstone park, he was laughed out Of
countenance. That he was inclined to
draw a long bow was well known, and
the incredible stories he put in cir
culation discounted his truths, and so
he went about the Baron Munchausen
of the new west.
The ATagnifying Cliff
One of the stories credited to him
had to do with the celebrated obsidian
cliff, of black volcanic glass, familiar
to tourists who have visited the park.
Bridger claimed to have discovered it
on hunting trip. His story was that
one day he was in the park hunting.
He came up to bull elk of gigantic
proportions which, apparently, was
grazing only a short distance from
him. He took careful aim at the ami
NAL and fired. To his establishment.
and he was dead shot, the elk did
not appear to have been wounded, and
paid no attention to the report of the
rifle. He shot again with the same
result. Four times In all he fired, miss
ing each time. The elk continued to
Craze undisturbed, and paid not the
slightest attention to Bridger. Dunn
founded, he rushed towards the elk,
crashing into a wall of transparent
glass. He walked around the glass
cliff, but the elk had disappeared.
Then he walked back and the elk was
again grazing within a few feet OF
him. He repeated the performance
with the same result Several miles
away and just discernible, he saw his
elk. The obsidian glass, according to
his explanation, was telescope lens
and brought the elk up to within
few feet Of him.
Bridger also told Of q remarkable
echo, near a spot where he frequently
made camp. According to his story, 1t
took the words thrown against the
utterance When he was retiring he
would say to the cliff, thine to get
up" Six hours later, at the time he
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1941-01-04

would help fight off the bandits If it
came to a show Of force. As he passed
over the summit Of the hill he looked
back and saw the bandits saddling
their horses. AS soon as he got out of
| their sight, he gave spur to his faded
animal and commenced q handicapped
race for his life
When he had covered about 10 miles
he saw his pursuers about three miles
behind him. Expecting his tired horse
to drop at any minute he urged him
ON. He could hear the thunder Of
the hoofs Of the horses Of the robbers
hear the report Of the gun which
would end his existence Finally he
drew up in front of Contway's cabin,
and as he did so his horse dropped
from exhaustion. Ives and Cooper,
about so yards behind, checked their
horses and rode up to the cabin nom
chalantly.
wei. you beat us on the ride"
said Ives
yves" replied Broadwater, IT am
due at home this morning and am
In a hurry.
Both the bandit and the man he
would kill were cool.
Ives Cooks the Breakfast
Deer Lodge was 90 miles away. The
horses of the bandits and Broadwater
were turned into Contway's pasture to
Craze while Contway's Indian wife pre-
pared breakfast. Ives said he would
like some flapjacks for breakfast and
IL the squaw would show him where
the flour was he would mix the bat
ter. II can beat the champion flap
jack carpenter in the territory" said
the bandit with a fine show Of uncon-
Germ.
Leaving Ives turning flapjacks
Broadwater went into the pasture with
Conway, and explained the situation
ton was desperate. Conway told
Broadwater to saddle up his fastest
horse and ride away.
SO while Ives was cooking what he
thought was Broadwater's last break
fast Broadwater, mounted on 8 swift
horse, was speeding his way 70 Deer
Lodge When breakfast was over Cont
way went out into the yard with Ives
Broadwater, riding at fun speed, was
just going over hin about four miles
away.
THAT Teller seems TO be IN q hurry"
said Ives unconcernedly.
That night Ives and Cooper rode
into Deer Lodge. five hours after the
arrival of Broadwater, who was among
his friends and safe.
Broadwater always insisted that II
1t had not been for Ives pride In his
flapiack cooking, his career would have
been cut short, and the achievements |
that brought about the naming of one |
of Montanas counties for him, in |
which event there would have been no
Broadwater county in Montana.
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1941-01-04

wished to arise from his slumbers, his
own words would awaken him
Christening Of Alum Greek
Bridger also named Alum creek.
tributary Of the Yellowstone. One day
he crossed q creek and rode several
miles out into the prairie The return
journey seemed only about half the
distance Of his outgoing trip, and his
horse went lame. He dismounted to
look at his animals feet and disoov-
cred that they had shrunk to pin
points. He tasted some water nearby
and found it heavily charged with
alum. He attributed the shrinkage OF
the distance and the condition Of his
horses feet to the astringent qualities
OF the alum water, and named the
creek accordingly. Alum creek it is to
this day.
Another Bridger story was about
hot lake which he discovered Ia the
Yellowstone park. Thousands of young
ducks covered its surface. When he
got TO the lake shore ne noticed that
every. few minutes more young ducks
would pop up out Of the water In every
direction. He found that the mother
duck laid her eggs in the warm water.
which Matched out the young ducks,
and as they freed themselves from the
shells they would pop up to the sur
face. The lake was natural incubator.
A Fish Story
Along the shores Of the Yellowstone
lake are several immense springs
which discharge boiling hot water into
the lake. About the place where the
hot water flows into the lake it lies
several feet thick above the cold water.
on account Of the difference In spe-
cific gravity between the hot and cold
water. Bridgers story was that he
would bait his fish hook. and with
weights on his line, sink it through
the hot and into the cold water.
when he had hooked mis- trout he
would pull 1t into the hot water Just
above and let it remain there until
1t was cooked.
These were a few of the stories with
which old Jim Bridger RECALLED the
tenderfeet living in st. Louis and
other missouri river towns, on his &C.
caslonal trips back to civilization. Be-
cause OF them he made a MunchauSen
reputation for himself. So when he
told the world of the wonders of the
Yellowstone park, along in 1885, his
story Of the discovery was discredited,
and no one would believe him. He
went to the newspapers and publica-
lions OF the time with his narrative,
but the editors laughed at him. One
western newspaper, which had ridi-
culed his story of the discovery, In
1879, 30 years after the derisive pub
LEGATION, apologized to Bridger edi-
torially after the knowledge of the
existence of the Yellowstone park be-
came generally known.
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1941-01-04

or the making of laws, as of the
making Of books, there is no end.
/ Today Montana has a vast aggre-
CATION Of statutes that have been
passed by the various state legis-
latures, many of which are not en-
forced and are forgotten 50 far as
the public is concerned. Once Mon
tana had no written laws, but
carefully observed and wefl-recOg-
nized code of unwritten laws. These
we're the miners laws Of pioneer
days.
These miners laws Of Montana, like
the all-enduring constitution Of the
British empire, while unwritten, re-
sided. nevertheless, in the miners
hearts, based upon the eternal prin-
ciple of equity
There exist today, scattered here ano
there about the state, many an ole
record from a miners court, written in
the recorders original manuscript
They have to do with mining matters
and they differ, insofar as the basic
law is concerned, only slightly, accord
ing to the district in which the court
was held. Various districts and various
sets of laws governed mining claims
and property.
The principal differences had to do
the time allowed a miner to clay over"
without being Jumped" This was q
matter regulated only by water, snow,
frozen ground, etc.
Common Sense the Law
Common sense was the law of the
miner. No man was required to work
his claim If it could not be worked; ;
nor was it written down that a claim
could not be Jumped" If its owner was
absent fighting Indians or kept from
work by sickness or lack of grub" at
hand. But such was the Unsuitable law.
and as fixed as that of the Modes
and Persians.
OF course as districts rounded down
from their first crude existence and
began to be developed as great wealth
producers, the recorder became a man
Of considerable Importance, got a big
book and had an office, instead Of car
rying his office around in his hat, as
Abraham Lincoln did when post
master.
Here are the entire laws of one dis
trict:
1--WE, most of the miners, resolve,
first, that this district shall be called
French creek, and that a claim shall
be 100 feet long in the creek 200 feet
long in a gulch and so feet front on
the bank, and that q man may hold
one of each.
Resolved, secondly, that no more
Cinnamon shall take up claims.
Resolved, thirdly, that a white man
must stick up a notice at each end Of
his claim when he takes 1t up.
Resolved, fourthly, that a man may
lay over his claim a month by posting
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1941-01-04
Common Sense Guided Miners
I'm Making Their Ola Inn Laws
CODE COVERING CLAIMS WAS
UNPUBLISHED BUT STRICTLY
OBSERVED

NO Lawyers Allowed" Was the Rul-
ing in Most Camps Where Miners
Own Courts We're Held to Be suf-
ficient for All.
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1941-01-04

evidenced by the propositions made to
name the new town Punkinville,
Suuashtown, Tomahawk and sundry
other mirthprovoking titles. But at
length. according TO one of those pres
ent. John Somerville proposed the
name st. Helena, and to this name and
tine name of Tomah the meeting con-
fined it's attention, the proposition Of
Somerville, in its amended form, Hell
ena, being carried by one or two votes.
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1941-01-04

BROADUS-The Yellowstone Lum-
Der Co. Is negotiating with the forest
service for timber to be used In a
proposed sawmill here. There Is con-
siderable demand for cheap native
lumber In this area and a substantial
increase in farm and ranch building
is anticipated If the project goes
through.
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1941-01-04
IRRDGER'S TALES
HELD IN DOUBT
FACTS ON YELLOWSTONE TOO
MARVELLOUS TO BE BELIEVED
BY LISTENERS

Jim, Therefore, Added a Little to
Every Story and Soon Became Noted
as Most Fantastic Story Teller of
the West.
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1941-01-04
Wanted to Buy or Rent

FARM IMPLEMENTS
ssrFs~s~~esr-~s~~~s~~Ns~~N
WILL BUY, II cheap. your old Western Land
Rollers OF plain corruEated rollers J. A
Hanford Fort Benton Montana
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1941-01-04

WANTED TO BUY
&%s%~~~NNP~~-NsNN-~-NN~ N4NSAsNSNN~~N~r~~~r~rS~
FARMS WANTED-With the completion Of
Fort Peck dam, hundreds Of farmers will be
Obliged 10 move from their Missouri bottom
lands and will be looking for new locations.
n YOU want to sell your land. advertise 1t
in the oLAsGOw-FORT PECK COURIER,
Box lfs, GLASGOW Montana Rates one cent
per word per insertion. Stamps accepted.
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1941-01-04
PhOtOs-F Finishing
Help Wanted

MALE
a~~~s~~eO~sN~N~NsNNNsNsN -NN-NNsN-~-N.Ns~N0~S
MAN WANTED-OOOD PAY FOR STEADY
WORK-Manufacturer established over 50
years needs q few steady and Trustworthy
men with cars in certain good localities
There may be a locality open right where
you live or near you. VIII finance responsible
man with complete stock OF guaranteed foods,
farm and home necessities-you pay when
sold. Mighty attractive proposition. Products
well advertised on radio-hig help to success.
5elling experience unnecessary. Farm exper-
fence helpful. No slack seasons or layoffs.
Write for no-investment offer. McCONNON
AND CO.. Room WA-l233, Winona, MINI
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1941-01-04

FOR SALE OR TRADE-l2oo acres pasture
land in Gallatin county fenced. water. fair
buildings. Charles T. White, Box e77' Dillon
Mont.
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1941-01-04
FEMALE

SKILLED BEAUTY OPERATORS are In de-
Inand Full course OF Beauty Culture IN
every detail. Enroll now New class starts
employment bureau. MeCARROLL's, Fast
Granite st.. Butte. Mont
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1941-01-04
Personal

LONELY7 Cupids Introducer, copy &c, list
women soc. men soc. JACK G.. F. PAINTER,
367 Brownleigh Court Akron, Ohio
LONELY LADY, 80, would marry Montana
gentleman. "C"-Box i074. League, Seattle.
Wash.
GET ACQUAINTED CLUB, Introductions
made quickly All ages, many wealthy.
SIMPSON Box 1851, Denver, Colo.
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1941-01-04
Farms Ranches Lands
FOR SALE

FOR SALE
e0O-ACRE stock ranch near Fort Shaw. 20
acres irrigated fine buildings; reasonable
price Frary & Burlinsame Inc, Great Falls
Montana.
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1941-01-04

Be a Careful Driver
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1941-01-04

WANTED-An old violin with foreign in.
scription No copies. Master made only
State name. condition. value. Box 77s
Aanville, Wyo.
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1941-01-04

MISCELLANEOUS
NN~NNNN~~N~~O~DNsN ~~~N~N.N-ou~4NNNNN
WANTED 20 buy for cash. paintings oI
sketches by Charles Russell. Write complett
description OF what you have, giving prices
P. K. Penney. Route 2, BOX 26O, Fort Worth
Texas.
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1941-01-04

IF YOU BURN COAL in stove or furnace,
send US a post card. We have big surprise
for you Box 800. Albert Lea, Mimi.
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1941-01-04

Sunstroke can occur In the shade.
Be a Careful Driver
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1941-01-04

Dirty headlight lenses cut down 10
10 Is percent Of the amount Of light
given off by your headlights.
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1941-01-04

NEW STANDARD NAILS--New eoTrugated
rooffng. Saw mandrels and saws. We nave
low prices on all ALASKA JUNK COMPANY
South i16 Adams St. Spokane WASH
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1941-01-04

FOR sALE-Nodel *" Linotype, maya,
lines and 10 point TWO molds. Natural
gas pot. Pondera County News Conrad Mont
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1941-01-04

OLD GLASS, Dolls. Indian Relics, curlos
Miniatures, Books Catalog, Sc. INDIAN
MUSEUM, Osborne, Kansas.
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1941-01-04

FRUIT, nut, Towering. shade trees roses
berry plants, shrubs. Free 40 PAGE cStalos'
Ttalatin valley Nurseries Sherwood, oregon.
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1941-01-04

NJ. N. A. JANUARY 8, 1891 ~
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1941-01-04

SPECIAL SERVICES
WE MAKE STAMPS, rubber. type, HELENA
STAMP WORKS, Helena, Montana.
LEWIS g. WALKER assayers, chemists. ios
N Wyoming BUTTE MONTANA.
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1941-01-04

NURSERY STOCK
GET READY to plant next spring, Fruit
Trees, Shade Trees, Ornamental Shrubs
Vines Roses, Etc, by sending for our new
Four-Color eatalog now ready. A postal
brings 1t for your consideration during the
winter evenings. Milton Nursery Company
Milton. oregon
Evening star., 1941-09-04

Early fall menus welcome bread
and meat ombinations-especially
II enriched bread is the nutritious
foundation. Cool days demand
extra energy giving foods to satisfy
growing appetites.
Doubly welcome to the fall menu
is Beef Crumble because of its ease
of preparation and it's attractiveness
as a dinner dish. A delicately
Drowned, pleasantly seasoned beef
and bread mixture makes the filling
for the buttered and toasted bread
case Onions, so plentiful now, are
excellent both as a vegetable and as
a garnish for the platter when they
are cooked whole and then glazed
Buttered whole green beans will
serve the same purpose, as will strips
of yellow carrots. Or, for contrast
In flavor, a bowl of tossed salad
Evening star., 1941-09-04

Time to Try
Ice Cream
AmbrOSia
Topping Is Frozen
On Smooth Base
Of Any Flavor

Hot-weather meal problems are
not over when the calender an
nounces September. Indeed not!
September slyly slips in her share
of warm, very warm days. Be
prepared to continue the serving
of delicious cold food II not just
stuff to eat.
The family will clap long and
loud to encore this dessert, an am
brosial concoction to csress the pail
late, arouse the eye. It's a fascinat-
ing affair." topping frozen atop
an ice cream base.
You may make your own ice cream
if you wish. II you buy 1t choose
the colorful chocolate, strawberry,
New York or one of the several
"ripples" that are available. Have
the ice cream frozen and spread
about three-fourths to ! inch thick
in a refrigerator tray. Do not at
tempt to spread it evenly.
The base of the topping is q
meringue which the most inexperi-
enced can prepare if these sugges-
tions are followed closely.
Separate one egg, placing white
into a small bowl. While egg white
is warming to room temperature
(eggs beat faster and to a larger
volume If they have lost their re-
frigerated coldness) measure re-
manning ingredients given in the
recipe below. Add salt to egg white,
beat until to an almost stiff foam.
Add f1avoring. Add sugar in 1-ta-
blespoon portions. beating after each
addition. With the last sugar beat
until the mixture piles well.
q teaspoon unfiavored gelatin.
l tablespoon water.
egg white.
Il teaspoon salt.
3 tablespoons sugar.
! teaspoon vanilla.
l cup heavy cream.
] pint ice cream.
Dissolve the gelatin in the water
over hot water. Prepare meringue
| of the egg white, salt, tablespoons
of sugar. When gelatin is dis
solved pour into meringue, blenc
thoroughly. Beat cream until thick
add remaining l tablespoon of sugar
and vanilla and beat until stiff
Blend with meringue mixture
Pour over ice cream frozen in tray
Freeze two to three hours or until
"frosting" is very firm. Cut in small
squares or slices to serve. Yield, {
servings.
Evening star., 1941-09-04

During the "R" months fleets of
dredgers leave before dawn each
morning, often in bitter cold and
IN weather remarkably rough for
comparatively sheltered waters.
These hardy crews find their estab-
llshed grounds marked out from
others by tiny sticks identifiable
only to the experienced oysterman.
A heavy, iron-framed dredge,
weighing about $50 pounds, is
dropped overheard from either side
OF the dredger and is dragged over
the bottom for a few minutes, plow-
ing up the oysters and depositing
them In a heavy wire and rope net
toWed just behind the dredge itself.
A winch lifts it to the surface, and
the oystermen dump the dredge out
on deck, where frequent testing of
the oysters by the simple process of
opening and eating them on the spot
assures the captain that he is get
ting the best quality oysters.
BY midafternoon the oyster boats
return to their home dock and are
quickly unloaded, their tons of oys-
ters dumped into giant hoppers,
which feed them down into sorting
tables, where men known as "cullers"
select them for size, tap them with a
metal rod to determine their sound
ness "a damaged or bad oyster
sounds hollow and grade them into
properly labeled baskets.
The oysters which are to be
opened for sale m shucked form
are carried on electric conveyors
to other tables, where skilled men,
many of whom have been opening
oysters for 80 years or more, snap
them open, dispose of the shell and
drop the fresh oyster meat into spe-
cial buckets with almost incredible
speed.
Shucked oysters are carefully
washed to remove all bits of shell
and are then sorted for size and
packed in fiber containers for quick
shibment to market. oysters in the
shell are sorted out according tc
their size and shipped in sacks or
| barrels to every pert of the country
Evening star., 1941-09-04
inexpensive, Timely Menu Suggestions
For Your Next Weeks Meals

FRIDAY.
BREAKFAST.
Sliced Bananas
'Rendy-to-Eat Cereal
Scrambled Eggs Toast
Coffee
LUNCHEON.
Vegetable GouIash
Apple Sauce Tea
DINNER.
Baked Fish Fillets With
Mushroom Sauce
Lima Beans Buttered Squash
Tdpioca Cream Coffee
SATURDAY.
BREAKFAST.
Tomato Juice
Reddy-to-Edt Cereal
Bacon Coffee Cake Cofet
LUNCHEON.
Fish Chowder
Mired Green Salad
Cookies Tea
DINNER.
Pot Roast of Beet
Potato Pancakes
Sweet Sour Cabbage
Green Apple Pie
Coffee
Evening star., 1941-09-04

green's offers pleasing crispness
that many relish.
Interesting sauces aid in picking
up the flavor OF bread and meat
dishes. Starting with the gravy
many variations are possible. For
bland sauce, lightly Drowned
mushrooms are unsurpassed for
their mildneSs. French fried onion
rings added to the gravy just before
| serving makes another Zestful ac-
compartment. A dash Of Worcester
shire sauce makes many plain dish
glamorous.
BREAD CRUMBLE IN BREAD
CASE.
l loaf unsliced bread
l pound ground beef
! medium sized onion
Salt and pepper
2 tablespoons fat
| Bread crumbs.
To make bread case. trim crusts
/ from loaf of bread. Remove center
/ leaving walls and bottom about II
inch thick. Brush with melted but
| ter and brown in moderate oven
| (375 degrees F..
Filling for Bread Case.
Melt the fat in frying pan, add
finely chopped onion and brown,
Crumble the bread removed from
the center Of the loaf. Mix with
meat and add onions. Add salt and
pepper. Brown all in pan. When
cooked, pile lightly into bread case
and serve hot. Accompany with
mushroom gravy. Yield: Six serv-
ings.