davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1941-06-20
Turkey Sidesteps


denly announced after weeks of
carefully guarded negotiations, is
important not only for what it says
but even more for what it implies.
Textually, it is similar to other
friendship and non-aggreSSion
pactS" signed of late years, which
may mean relatively little because
they usually contain what is known
as an escape clause" In the pres
ent treaty, this Joker" reads: with
out prejudice to present obligations
of both countries"
Technically, Turkey thus MAIN
tains her treaty of friendship and
alliance with Great Britain. But
that treaty likewise contains an "es-
cape clause" which has permitted
Turkey to sit on the fence during
all the momentouS changes which
have occurred IN the Balkans and
the Near East since the beginning
of the war The British are putting
the best possible face on what is for
them disagreeable business, realiz-
ing that Turkey is practically en-
circled by the Axis and could ex-
pect no effective aid from her Brit
ish ally. The treaty comes at
bad moment for Britain, seemingly
begged down in Syria and having
just concluded dash into the Lib
yam desert which, despite conflicting
claims, was certainly not victory.
For Russia, the treaty appears to
have still more serious implications.
For years, Turco-RusSian relations
have been close, and Turkey con-
SiStently has taken Russia into ac-
count in all her diplomatic moves.
The Turco-BritiSh treaty, for in
stance, specifically states that good
relations with Russia were not to
be put in jeopardy. The present
Turco-German treaty contains no
such clause. BY immobilizing Tur-
key, Germany has taken another
important step in isolating and ef-
fectively encircling Russia. This
may indicate the outcome of the
current test of strength between Hit
Ter and Stain.
AS regards direct relations between
the two contracting parties, the most
significant items are found, not in
the treaty itself, but in the supple
mentary declarations. The first of
these is note expressing the inten-
ton to further economic relations
between Turkey and Germany, and
to negotiate a trade treaty on this
basis. That corresponds to current
economic realities. Turkey is now
so isolated that her foreign trade is
almost wholly dependent upon the
Axis and Its satellites.
The second significant item is in
statement that "the press of both
countries, as we'll as the radio on
both sides, in their publications and
transmiSsions will always take ac-
count of the spirit of friendship
and mutual confidence that charac-
terizeS German-TurkiSh relations"
This presumably means that the
strongly pro-BritiSh section of the
Turkish press henceforth will be
curbed or gagged, and that the Turk
ish people will hear little except
the Axis side. 1t is perhaps the most
to which Turkey may be falling into
the Axis sphere.
Evening star., 1941-06-20
Huskin's Answers
To Questions
BIZ Frederic J. HdSkin.

A reader can get the dnSUer to anu
question OF fact by tUrtttng The EUe-
ming Star Information Bureau, Fred
eric J. HdSkin, director, Washington,
D. C. Please incloSe stamp for reply.
Q. How long do butterflies Ive?-
z. ia.
A. Although some species are said TO
live as long as 10 months, authorities
say that the average life of butterfly
is about four or five weeks.
@. What is the meaning of the name
Marlene?-M. G. S.
A. Marlene is from Hebrew word
meaning "of Magdala."
@. Is Halle Selassie religious?-N L. V.
A. Halle Selassie is a deeply religious
man, and almost every morning when in
Adds Ababa rides out to a mountain
chapel outside the city for prayer and
meditation.
@. What is the largest star ruby in the
world?-J. c. H.
A. The largest fine star ruby in the
WOIlu Is tne 4OO-CdldI Cu4IH HdesIh
de Long ruby, which is on display in the
Gem Hall of the American Museum of
Natural History in New York City.
O. At what period was the British
registry mark of lion above the crown
first used in England?-M. L. H.
A. The lion passant as hallmark on
silver articles was first used in l544.
From 1544-1599 it was crowned. Since
then it has been uncroWned.
@. What is herva matte?-E. T. H.
A. Herva matte, better known under
It's Spanish name Of yerba mate, IS
Brazilian tea grown in and exported
from Southern Brazil.
Evening star., 1941-06-20
Suggests Reasonable Use
OF Horns in Night Driving.


Your editorials are always so clear
and concise that you are to be con-
graduated.
If may be permitted to make a sug-
gestion, it is one concerning driving at
night on the highways. Don't you think
it would make such driving safer If
motorists would use their horns on
passing cars that fail to dim their
lightsF State patrol cars could use
their sirens whenever passing such cars
to remind them to dim their lights to
make driving safer EARL VA1S.
Evening star., 1941-06-20
Thinks Pickets Should Pay
For Policemen Protecting Them.

To the Editor of The Star:
Why not collect from the unions that
pay the pickets the salaries of the police
men doing special duty of watching the
pickets on dizzy parades? These same
pickets are supposed to be "law-abiding"
citizens 1t seems to me the policemen
are very much needed elsewhere.
L. FREDERICK.
Evening star., 1941-06-20
Letters to the Editor

Letters to the Editor must
bear the name and address of
the 1Driter, although the use OF
a pSeud0nym for publication is
permissible. The Star reserves
the right to edit all letters tUith
q y1e1U to condensation.
Evening star., 1941-06-20

Flags OF the United States-A
new booklet containing a wealth Of
historical material on the origin
and development Of the flag, ac-
cepted rules on displaying the flag
on various occasions, an official
list of days on which it should be
displayed and much other infor-
nation on the subject Of State
flags. During these times when
the flag takes on greater signifl-
canoe this booklet should be in
every American home. Done in
full color on durable paper. To
secure your copy inclose 20 cents
in coin. wrapped in this clipping,
and mail to The Star Information
Bureau.
------------------- ------------------
Name
Address
Evening star., 1941-06-20
Complains Of Injury to Unity
Allegedly Wrought by Mr.. Ickes.

To the Editor of The Star:
Whatever the superficial merits of the
case, 1t is the tone of such replies as that
of the fiery Secretary Ickes to Mr..
Cudahy that gives ammunition to Mr..
Lindbergh and the America Last" Com
mittee, chief object of abuse by our war
wishers
This has become a world of too much
talk and wild unshackled debate All
the action has been and too frequently
still IS in a circle. Why must every ex-
preston of viewpoint not Subservient to
the New Deal be answered in kind by
specially selected bureaucrat? Why fan
the flame of controversy and i'll will if
defence is, as maintained, the first OBJ
jective?
Calm executive efficiency in defence
production is long overdue-about one
year overdue That is why national unity
continues an object of search, not an
accomplishment. Such unity would be
simple to secure ex-New Deal. With the
political mind and campaign methods
tossed in, natural process is sidetracked
and We are confronted with hopeless
muddle, featured by negative results in
proportion to vast wastes The number
of publicized billions appropriated and
chucked into the war hopper will not
alter the fact.
Whatever dangers of aggression this
country will be exposed to will come as
much from inner impotence as from the
bombast, bombs and threats of Adolf
Hitler. And two abusive TRADES less per
month from Mr.. Ickes would be real
aid to the cause of national unity
WALTER BAHNSEN.
Urges the Legal Duty of America
To Contribute to the Defeat of Germany.
To the Editor of The Star:
In the absence of an express legal justi-
fication of Americas intervention against
Germany, and while we continue to
maintain diplomatic relations with that
nation, the United States may be i'm
peached in an international forum.
Being by that law prohibited from
doing any act purposed to prejudice a
combatsnt and from denying to any the
advantages Of treaty stipulations in ap-
pearance we violate the law and treaties.
Our policy at this instant is as epochal as
that of Jefferson when by him the doc
trine of neutrality was established def
nitely as the law Of nations.
legal Justification of our incomplete
war with Germany is possible; however,
assertions of right so to act in self
defense are ill-founded. Such conduct
would be illicit if we could not demon
Strate that our object is to defend the
rights and existence of the complete
community of nations.
An historical perspective demonstrates
how imperatively legal Justification of
our action is required. In the Revolu-
tionary War American privateers were
armed and manned by Frenchmen in
French territory to cruise against Eng
land. The practice was permissible, while
condemned by jurists, If the parties were
not bound by treaty to refrain from such
acts. When France and England went
to war near the end Of the 18th century,
the French granted commissions, in
American territory, to Americans to arm
and man privateers to operate against
the British.
The English envoy in Washington ex-
pressed to jefferson his persuasion"
that the United States Government
would regard these acts as an insult"
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-11-15
Lack Of Paper
Closes Plant
Times star Correspondent

BATTLE CREEK, Nov. 49,
Failure of the Detroit and Chicago
areas to furnish the Michigan Car
ton Company with sufficient scrap
paper forced the closing today OF
the plant, throwing TOO men out
of work, officials announced.
Lawrence G.. Fell, company
president, said the shutdown would
last until Monday morning, when
operation would be resumed until
Thursday when the plant will be
closed for four more days. The
closing was ordered after all re-
serve supplies had been exhausted
as a result of the 24-hour seven
day week the plant had been run
ming since July.
A recent drive in Battle Creek
for scrap paper produced 800 tons
last month and 200 tons a month
in previous months. Fell said
that with the continued collection
rate and with supplies from other
cities coming in, the six-day lay
off sheald allow the company to
build sufficient reserves to con-
tinue work on orders on hand.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-11-15
Stocks Uneven
AT Opening

NEW YORK, Nov. 15.-The
stock market developed a Mixed
tone at the opening today, follow
ing yesterdays good-sized rally
Trading was moderately active
with most changes limited to frac
tons.
United States Rubber rose or
its initial sale of 1000 shares
Minor gains were also chalked ur
by American Telephone and Tele'
graph, Anaconda, Bethlehem Steel
Packard, Radio and Standard Oh
of New Jersey.
On the downside slightly were
Chrysler. Dupont, General Elec
trio, Republic Steel, United State.
Steel. American Can and Atchison
General Motors held at the pre-
vious closing level, as did Nash
kelvinator, Westinghouse and Cur
tiss- Wright.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-11-15
April Rates Set
As Rent Basis
Times stan Correspondent

BATTLE CREEK, Nov. 15.-
Despite the fact that the troop con-
centration at Fort Custer reached
its peak in. April and that hun
dreds of workmen were still en-
ployed on building projects, men,
bers of the Battle Creek fair rent
committee indicated today that IL
would use April / tentatively as
the basis for its considerations as
to whether landlords of the city
were profiteering.
Using the April date as a base,
the committee hopes to keep rents
from going beyond present rates.
This will be handled through a
local office where complaints will
be received and then turned over
TO the committee.
The decision of the committee
will be relayed to both tenant and
landlord with the request that
each adhere to the decision. In
the case of recalcitrant landlords,
public opinion will be brought to
bear in an effort to make them
conform.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-11-15
Store Sales
Up 5Per Cent
During Week
Interest in Jewelry
Only Feature; Volume
Still Far Over 1910

The only prominent feature re-
ported by the department stores ir
the Detroit area this week was the
interest shown in jewelry, says
Dun e. Bradstreet, Inc.
Otherwise. gains over the previ-
GUS week were in amounts less
than 5 per cent and still "a per
cent 10 IS per cent ahead OF the
previous year.
Women shoppers were more
than normally active and speciality
stores are % per cent ahead of a
year ago and at least a per cent
ahead of the previous week. The
Ineighborhood centers in this line
are still a little ahead OF centrally
located stores on a percentage
basis. e
Mems wear experienced a drift
10 higher priced merchandise in
the furnishings department but
Winter clothing is still conspicu-
ously dull with a net result of
more than 2 per cent loss as COM
pared with the same week year
ago.
The scarcity of metals and re-
lated items has prompted furniture
dealers TO concentrate on depart
|ments not involving defense mate
rial. However. losses in the appli-
ance departments are ahead OF
Expansion in other departments SO
that traders In this group are
about even with the week previous
and 5 per cent below the same
week year ago.
The wholesalers Investigation
has enabled them to offset short
ages in cotton. wooden products
with other merchandise and are
still 20 per cent ahead of the same
period in 1910, even with the week
previous and at least 10 per cent
ahead on collections.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-11-15
Forbes
Aren't We Entitled
To Expect Something
From Washington
By b. C. FORBES

Washington expects lot from
the rest of US. Aren't we entitled
10 expect something from Wash
ington7
Workers are warned that
they must be prepared 10 have
their pay envelopes raided every
week next year by the govern
ment: 1t is proposed 10 confis-
cate one slice under the disguise
OF social security; millions OF
workers heretofore exempt from
income tax. il has already been
definitely decreed. will have TO
pay; also. every worker, every
consumer. will have TO hand
over either new or increased
taxes on almost everything they
buy. Thus, wage earners will be
penalized as never before. 10
supply money 10 finance Wash
ington's astronomical spending.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-11-15
|Doeh|er Die
Raises Wages

TOLEDO, Nov. 15.--Doehler Die
Casting Company has given wage
increases of 10 cents an hour to
the 1900 workers in the Toledo
plant and 2.700 workers in the
PottstowH, Pa, and Batavia, ". Y,
plants, effective Monday. accord.
ing to an announcement by August
G. Gutmueller, vice president, who
said the increase will cost $500, 900
annually.
The basic minimum is now 70
cents an hour with a 75-cent mimi
mum for workers with more than
1000 hours of service. Salaried
employees will get an increase next
month, il was announced.
Toledo ployes will vote
Wednesday on a plan to set up a
board with full authority to settle
disputes which might cause strikes
during the defense program. CLIO
Officials have approved the wage
increase and the plan to guarantee
against strikes.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-11-15
Miss Farm Ceilings

Ceilings galore have been
clamped upon industrial and
many other prices. But our poll
ticians, with an eye to votes.
have not mustered the courage
TO apply ceilings TO farm COM
modify prices - instead have
sought TO boost them away be-
You'd their own previously advo-
Gated parity" level.
Similarly, politics as usual
has been the rule in dealing with
wages, strikes. Ceilings on
wages. No. Labor leaders,
Washington reasons. command
lot of votes. whereas small in
vestors, savings bank depositors,
owners of insurance policies.
small business men are totally
unorganized, therefore need not
be catered to politically.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-11-15
Would Seize Profits

The gentleman at the head OF
the federal treasury wants to
seize for the government all
corporation profits above s per
cent on Invested capital"
Is il any wonder that stock
market values have been dwin-
ding and dwindling to new
depths, that new capital-raising
through issuance of shares has
alarmingly dried up, that the
spirit of enterprise has been
crushed7
Washington, II will be seen,
hasn't hesitated to impose sac
rifices or to plan still more bur-
densone sacrifices on US.
But how has IL acted?
Business as usual has been
banished.
But how about politics as
usual?" Very different.
Strikes as usual have not
been banned by the adninistra-
ton.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-11-15
How About m

Are we not entitled TO call
upon Washington TO fall into line
with what 1t demands OF you
and me?
We must exercise rigid econ
omy. Has Washington instituted
rigid economy? Not so that you
or I could notice IL. One author
ity, President Henry w. Wriston
of Brown University, declares
that although the depression is
over" the pending pork barrel
bill-"rivers and harbors"- will
be perhaps the greatest In his
tory" 40 per cent above the
depression year of 1885.
Washington. we call upon you
TO mend your ways forthwith.
Don't you know that we are en-
quilted by an unlimited emer-
gency7"
(copyright. 1871. by p. c. Forbes)
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-11-15
Schools
FaceEarly
Closing
Times stan Correspondent

BATTLE CREEK, Nov. 49,
Despite announcements by Battle
Creek school officials that unless
an additional mill was voted in the
special election November IS, local
schools would not operate for the
full year.
Election officials revealed this
morning that slightly more than
25 per cent of the eligible voters
would be registered when registra-
ton places close tonight.
Officials pointed out that the
school system now owes S124,000
in short term notes and must make
$4,000 in repairs to keep schools
open. Unless the taxation limit is
raised the school term next year
may be cut to three or four
months.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-11-15
Small Investors Hit

Savers and small investors
are receiving inconsiderate
treatment. Income on savings
bank deposits has already been
cut in half. may be cut still more.
Income on the highest-grade
bonds, thanks 10 the federal
treasury's persistent policy OF
slashing the wages of capital,
has been reduced 10 lower levels
than ever before.
Investors who elect TO buy
stocks face imposition of terrific
taxes--double or treble those
heretofore imposed, in many i'm.
stances often to an amount much
greater than left for distribu-
ton in dividends to stockhold-
ers, sometimes equaling the full
amount paid IN wages to en-
ployes.
What of owners of small bust
nesses? The mortality among
them is likely 10 be appalling.
Already not few have been
forced to give up.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-11-15
WorId Accustomed to 'UndecIared Wars

In the Orient elsewhere world become accustomed
ndecaed and there who predict that the
sequel them will be 'undeclared peace"
Although prevailing opinion in Washington to be that
necessary prepare for long before Hitler can
a is that the struggle not be pro-
school of thought contends that Britain backed
the United is conquest
may holding this view stress the alleged
invncbty the German but maybe they fail to make
allowance of the Nazs and the possible
ties an eventual internal crackuD
Irrespective of this view the official opinion at washington
against Germany OF al out
defense effort, than talk of appeasement
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-11-15
Airport Project
May Be Delayed
Times star Correspondent

BATTLE CREEK, Nov. 15.-
Unless the inclement weather
which this area has experienced
during the past few weeks ends
soon, contractors working on the
new $1,700,000 defense airport
may have to abandon work until
next Spring, it was revealed here
today.
Contractors told army construc-
ton officers that continued heavy
rains and snow would affect the
quality of the paving on the run
ways. 1t is feared that unless
surfacing is laid in good weather,
the paving may boil when il
thaws in the Spring.
However, work will be continued
on a day to day basis. since the
army has indicated that the field
is needed in defense training.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-11-15
us. Probes Charlotte
Air Crash Fatal 10 ;

TIE. Nov. ia
+CIvfIi a n Aeronautics Authority
board investigation was opened to-
day into a crash of a small train
ing plane which carried pilot and
two passengers to their deaths
near here.
The victims were Gordon Thurs
ton, %. pilot; Robert Schoate, 80,
and William G.. Mccoy. all OF
Battle Creek. The trio left the
Battle Creek Airport bound for
Canada 81 minutes before the
crash occurred.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-11-15
Many Think Informal Peace Is a Possibility

assumed he would
the end of formal hoses the continent and would declare
going developing the
called new order Hitler 1t said in such circumstances
might then the ocontnent nations including the British
and will continue unless take
the initiative Whether he would what he might Is
something else again.
Those who think that such informal peace possibility
that Hers record OF broken promises would make It u
other nations, with their armies navies and air
power voluntary and formal resting
faith Of the Nazs such
unless Hitler and his crones elected to step down. they might
consider practical alternative undeclared peace
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-11-15
y Detroit Produce

APPLrs-Michisa bu. crts.. U. q. No
,,z, n In. min; unless o,heswss stated
rs; az I'm. min, si.l5a1.25; Delicious.
s1.eogi.7s: cartons, fair, $50: Northern
spys. sl.oogi.ss; ripe. sl.as; Rhode Island
Srs ss. n.io; Winter bananas. poe;
81; Washington, boxes. Red Delicious and
Delicious, extra fancy 72s-sOs. s215az.s 90;
$50. s2g2.25; zoos. 81. l5n22s; li3s and
ss snso sa t' iss. ss $50
Black vsl.n,inss, uss, SR beans. ns ia.
type st2eatoo; Bountlfuis. s375; fair
Ieul.Isns sl.es v.i.ntin: .s ofd IGnn $50
cxRRors-Los Angeles Angeles, crates.
S Se,- v 9en'., California t4,so9o.. -
stalks. Mammoth, asa Soc California, cub
crates, Pascal, fi.1oni25, mostly 81. 10.
CAULIFLoWER--csl pony crates,
ia cs sas l.Ts;,i Z, .sS %...,,n..,,, 49,
rel boxes. Howss, s3.6Sg37o
CUCUMBERs-Florida. bushei baskets
Fancy Fancy tcoas; Steers. 81; choice. fair.
GRAPEs-cslifornis, display Tugs.
Thompson seedless. s7lo6 80: Toksys'
sl.65: Emperors. si.f0qi.s5, mostly 81. so
q 1.e5: fine quality. 81 70nis5; Ribiers.
"a Corniehons, si.eoaL7s; Aimerias, 81. 80
LETTUcE--californis, Iceberg tvp. ~.
district, fair TO generally
good. S dozen, 81. 1909 so: 4 dozen. "a. TsG
3.oo; poorer. all sizes, low az si.s0.
LEAF LETTucE-ohio. hothouo, io-lb.
oNIoNs~so-n. sacks: Sweet Spanish
y !, ., s. No; !; ?-lneh and larger. Idaho.
~ :, fsir hls; Colorado. 3-inch size.
Michigan. U. 8. No. 1. Yeliows. 7o.so4
2-inch and larger, $40, few higher: 10Th.
sacks, yellow Boilers. zoe; Yellow mediums
PoTAroEs-loo.b. sacks. Idaho Russo,
5sss. s ks, u s. Nc. ! washed, 7,7oe
sacks. saasGa.to; Maine. ioo.iS.. i .sess.
y. e. No. 1. chippewss and Ratahdins
n.s5G2 mostly t1.95n2: 18Th. paper
sacks. 32c few higher 50-ib paper sacks
katahdins, 81 Michigan 100-ib. sacks. u
din, no :, 80 Chippewa, MI. rtsg,eo Ka,sh:
Rurals. $1,000 40; Upper Peninsula, rs.
10; paper sacks, U. 8. No. 1, Green Noun
:, R RAD = Tss.. H-cra,e. sos,
RuTA5AcAs - Canada so-Ib. sacks.
sHALLoTs-L ouisisn. barrels. 20 dor
bchs.. s7q75o mostly s72S; crates, s.
dor.. s2q2.25; q dor. 81 eo9 s7o.
SWEET POTATOES Puerto Ricsn
Ysns bu: erts., Louisians. u. Q. No. ], |
! SO; fsnn...... 81 'assi.ss9 sa, hpS.',
Nancy Halls. generally good quality. 81
ToMAroEs-ohio dollhouse. s.rp. has.
kst.. mediums. $50; lob. cartons. re-
fnprERs-r.rs. ~ .bu ert... World
Besters, too few sales 70 quote California
Wonders 927503.