davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1941-05-16
Coal WaIkouf Feared
As Pay Talks Adjourn;
g. N. Strike Averted
Conference Is Halted
In Desperation, Another
Session Due Tomorrow
BY the Associated Press.

Southern soft coal operators and
leaders of the c. I. o. United Mine
Workers of America adjourned their
wage conference IN New York today
with both sides expressing little
hope for an agreement which would
avert another work stoppage threat
ened by U. NJ. w. President John L.
Lewis.
Earlier, a threatened strike against
the General Motors Corp, holder of
$3.50 900 600 in defense contracts, was
averted when the company accept
ed a National Mediation Board
peace formula a few hours before
this mornings deadline for the
walkout.
The Mediation Board tentatively
scratched another labor dispute off
its book with word of union accept
ance of terms to settle a strike at
the Ex-Cell-O Corp, Detroit die
and tool plant, which holds SUBJ
contracts from virtually every air.
plane manufacturer.
Coal Talks Halted in Desperation.
'The adjournment today was
merely taken in desperation as the
position of both sides seems most
firm" said Mr.. Lewis after a morn
ing session of the coal negotiatorS.
I'VE do not believe that there is
possibility of an agreement here
at this time" said L. T. Putnam,
Southern spokesman, who added,
however, that negotiations should
continue. Another session was
called for tomorrow afternoon at
which time the operators were to
submit another proposal.
Mr.. Lewis earlier had said that if
an agreement were not reached this
week, the union would have to con-
slider calling out the 100000 miners
in the Estate Appalachian area
now working under tentative agree
ments following the April stoppage.
The area produces 10 per cent of
the Nations soft coal.
The General Motors settlement
provided a fiat wage increase of 10
cents an hour for an estimated
250,000 workers in SO plants and for
no closed shop, union shop or
maintenance of membership shop.
Under a new contract to run one
year from April %, 1941, the COM
pany agreed not to lock out its en-
ployes and to give consideration to
seniority in making promotions.
The corporation estimated the
wage increases would add $50 900 900
annually to its pay roll. The pres
ent average wage before the raise,
the management said, was about 81
an hour.
Walkout a misunderstanding.
The c. I. o. United Automobile
Workers originally had called
strike against so of the General
Motors plants for 7 am. yesterday,
but the union postponed the dead
line for "a hours at the Mediation
Boards request. Nevertheless, more
than $4,000 G. M. employees walked
out of plants at Flint and Saginaw,
Mich, yesterday "a result, the
union said, of a misunderstandin
about the poStponement.
The agreement remained to be
ratified by the union membership,
but c. I. O.-U. A. w. leaders ex-
pressed confidence that would be
done without delay.
Walter P. Reuther, director of the
G. M. division of U. A. W., called the
agreement "the greatest victory"
lSee STRIKES PAGE AL
Evening star., 1941-05-16
Man Is Rescued Four Hours
After 1OO-Foot Fall Down Cliff

Alex Hunton Pearson, 47-year -old
War Department clerk, went fishing
for the first time in several years
last night and wound up at Emer-
gency Hospital.
He fell more than 100 feet in the
darkness from a cliff above Chain
Bridge, and lay for approximately
four hours awaiting rescue. An
Emergency Hospital ambulance was
sent but its physicians were unable
to reach him to treat his injuries.
Eight members of the Clarendon
(Va) Rescue Squad worked for an
hour and half before succeeding In
hauling him up by rope in a canvas
life bag.
Mr.. Pearson left his home at 426
North Edeewood street. Arlington,
Evening star., 1941-05-16
Nightly Flight Of 10000
From Ulster Stirs Row
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
BELFAST, Northern Ireland, May
16.-The nightly flight of some TO-
900 women and children from one
badly bombed district of Belfast
to the fields and hills outside the
city is causing concern in the North
ern Ireland government.
Indignant protests have been pre-
sented in Parliament against lack
of accommodation for the people.
'"The government should think in
terms of 10000 huts around the
city," said one member. IF this is
not done by winter there will be un-
speakable calamity"
The government, however, is
planning more street shelters within
the city.
At present the women and chill
dren leave their homes each night
and sleep under hedges and trees
and in meadows and bogs until dawn
comes and the peril of night raiders
is over.
Evening star., 1941-05-16
British Planes Smash at Germans.
Speeding Panzers Through Syria;
SaIum> Egypt Retaken From Axis
Ponzer Units Taken
To Syria by Ship,
IstonbuI Reports !
B, the Associated Press.

ISTANBUL. May IS delayed.
-Unconfirmed reports circu-
lating in Turkey today said one
or two squadrons of German
bombers had landed in Syria
and that the Germans also had
transported light tanks and
other supplies by ship from
Aegean Islands, recently occu-
pied by Axis forces.
Informed sources said Turkey
would maintain her attitude of
non-belligerency despite any
developments in Syria. One re-
liable informant summed up
the situation thus:
Turkey" he said will not
abandon her non-belligerency
unless her independence is
threatened"
This was generally interpreted
as meaning that Turkey will
stay out of the war at all costs.
Evening star., 1941-05-16

Informed sources, however,
cited the British recapture of
Salum, on the Egyptian frontier;
their retention of Tobruk, 80
miles west in Libya. and inces-
SAINT r. A. F. bombardments of
Bengasi, main Axis port of entry
to Libya, as indications that the
Axis might have its hands too
full to consider a new offensive.
Communications Center.
Damascus, capital of Syria and
believed to be the Oldest city in the
world still inhabited, is an important
communications center so miles
southeast of the Mediterranean port
of Beirut.
1t is connected by air line with
Italy's Dodecanese Islands, and is on
the desert bus route leading to Bagh-
dad, capital of Iraq, about 460 miles
TO the east.
st. Paul is supposed to have lived
on Damascus straight street. the
only thoroughfare of the city that
Is not narrow and winding.
Kayak is a rail town 80 miles
northwest of Damascus. Palmyra,
also known as Tadmor, in Central
Syria, is on a second bus route
running to the Iraq border, about
100 miles to the east. This route
also leads to Baghdad.
German air-borne propagandists,
technicians and similar Axis spe-
cialists were declared by the Brit
ish yesterday already to be in Iraq
"a token of greater infiltration to
be expected.
There were indications that the
Evening star., 1941-05-16

with a fishpole over his shoulder
at IL pm, according to his wife.
After fishing unsuccessfully beneath
Chain Bridge, he and two compan-
ions decided to try the rapids up
stream, according to the story told
the rescue squad.
The party began a steep descent
from Langley pike near the Fairfax
Arlington County line, with Mr..
Pearson in the rear, squad members
reported, when suddenly Mr.. Pearson
somersaulted over the others, hitting
a rock about rs feet below them and
bouncing Is feet beyond.
One companion, Carl Hurst of Ar
lington, made his way back to call
for aid. while the second. identified
(Eee PEARSON. Page A.5.)
Evening star., 1941-05-16
Three British Wurships
Bombed, Italians Soy
BY the Associated Press.

~ the Associated Press.
NEW YORK, May 16.-A heavy
British cruiser, together with two
destroyers, conveying three mer-
chant ships, was successfully at
tackled" by Italian bombers south
west of the Dodecanese Island of
Case, Stefani, the Italian news
agency, said today.
The island is about IS miles from
the eastern tip of Crete.
Evening star., 1941-05-16
10, 900 British Swords
Beaten Into Weapons

LONDON, May Is [P).-Ten thou
sand cavalry swords used by the
British in the last war aren't needed
in the present conflict. They have
been melted down into % tons of
metal for conversion into modern
war weapons,
Evening star., 1941-05-16
z Sentenced in Jersey
Bank Messenger HoIdup
By the Associated Press.

bJ LIt x1ObOLIdItU FItSb.
FREEHOLD, N. j., May 16.-Al-
fred F. Duggan, "a, Jersey City, and
Nicholas Cioffe, 80, Orange, were
sentenced to prison terms ranging
from to Is years today on their
conviction of participating in a
$108 900 robbery of two Asbury Park
bank messengers July 80.
They were acquitted previously on
an indictment charging them with
stealing the money from the Asbury
Park National Bank 81 Trust Co.
Evening star., 1941-05-16
Fleet Anchorage
In Caribbean Named
Roosevelt Roads
By the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
The Navy gave President
Roosevelt's name yesterday to
a second major defense facility.
Acting Secretary Ralph Bard
designated as Roosevelt Roads
the waters between Vieques Is
land and Puerto Rico in the
Caribbean, which are being de-
veloped as a fleet anchorage.
A naval shore establishment
at San Diego, Calf. recently
was designated Roosevelt base.
Evening star., 1941-05-16

LONDON, May 16-British airpower is smashing at the
panzer forces reported making a swift nfltration
further along the Nazs route to the Suez and Brit
aims Near East oil fields.
An official British announcement in Cairo today disclosed
that the first British blows had delivered potentially
crucial battlefront yesterday when German waplanes
tackled by the r. A. at Damascus Kayak and Palmyra all in
French-mandated Syria
The British Near East in today
severely damaged At Palmyra the British announcement said
lowfyng F. craft machine three German Junkers
two other Naz craft Italian Fiat damage said
to have been inflicted three of them and fourth burned out
other British air forces.
The Cairo followed report by
occupying Syria and moving her sandy wastes toward
Iraq
British Foreign Secretary Anthony Eden
Commons yesterday that British Near East forces
authority to bomb German planes Syrian arhelds
Fleets of German bombers and carriers also
reported landing Syrian aelds Reuters said its nfor
nation from Independent French which
termed the German movements occupation OF Syria.
Similar Reports Received From Istanbul.
Foreign reports that German tanks bound
for raq not Immediately confirmed Similar reports
Ianbul Turkey however said squadons
had landed in Syria and that light tanks also had arrived
Brans hold the lanes of the Eastern Mediterranean
make it improbable thought that Naz forces
had been dsembarked from ships the Syrian coast.
Military circles however regarded likely that the
might be flying light tanks and light by planes
they did in Libya.
they using bases pointed out
probable would the Italian island
the Dodecanes the inland city Appo distance
about $50 miles
They likely use longer more
routes to the of Trpo Beirut exposing
their transports to nterception from the Brhheld island Of
Cyprus which stands outside those habors off the Syrian
quarters speculaed that
tended primarily to divert British attention preparatory fresh
German and Italian stab along the North African front
Evening star., 1941-05-16
Summary of Todoy's Star
Foreign

Foreign
Monarchy restored, Croats may offer
Italian King crown. Page "A
High U. S., Chinese. British officials
meet in Hong Kong. Page B-22
Notionol.
Action by marines forestalls sit-down
at Pearl Harbor. Page Az
u. S. opens first war objectors' camp
near Fort Meade. Page AS
Washington and Vicinity.
U. s. o. discusses plans to raise Dis
trict's quota. Page A-4
Sneak thief strikes second time In
saanA neignboalaood. HAse B-s
Evening star., 1941-05-16
BY JOHN c. HENRY.

pun. nus cUWL bUo HuU COH-
siderable success since Admiral
Ddrldn became Vice Premier.
BY JOHN c. HENRY.
President Roosevelt, already on
record as Sternly disapproving pos
sible French alliance with the Axis,
indicated a further bold step in
American foreign policy today in a
clear implication that this Govern
ment will countenance no interfer-
ence with the historic freedom Of
the seas.
The President indicated this posi-
ton in a press conference this
morning-his first in two weeks
during questioning about our atti-
tude toward German warnings that
the Red Sea is in the zone of war
fare After the meeting with the
press he conferred with Secretary of
State Hull.
His attitude toward the French
Axis possibilities was made known in
formal statement last night lit
orally rebuking the Vichy govern
ment for its indicated "collabora-
ton" with the Reich. At the same
time the Chief Executive imple-
mented this pronouncement by au-
thoriZing the seizure of more than
dozen French merchant vessels,
including the giant Normandie, now
in American ports.
Talks of Freedom of Seas.
Today Mr.. Roosevelt was reluctant
to discuss the broad problem Of
Franco-American relations. SEEM
ingly near the breaking point, but
he talked more specifically and
significantly about the issue of free
dom of the seas
The Presidents remarks in this
respect were prompted by ques-
ton whether this Government will
accept the German warning that
the Red Sea is a danger zone. BY
our own neutrality law and subse-
quent executive action. these waters
are not prescribed to American
shipping at present. and it is gen.
orally believed that military sup
plies for the British in the Suez
area have been or are being shipped
into the Red Sea.
In response to the questioning
this morning. Mr.. Roosevelt declared
the question whether an area ts
really a danger zone is fundamental
ly one of fact.
Turning back to history, the Pres
ident then cited problem raised in
the Napoleonic- era-whether or not
a blockade was existent in European
waters.
Paper Blockades" Disallowed.
At that time, he went on, 1t
became generally recognized that a
blockade depended on its effective
ness; in other words. that 1t could
not be created simply by decree.
Involved, he mentioned at this
point, was the historic issue Of
freedom of the seas.
In this period, Mr.. Roosevelt con-
tinued, the American Government
had been suffering for 10 or IS
years from depredations by the
Barbary pirates. Tribute had been
paid in gold and even in the form
of an armed and fully outfltted
frigate, all in the hope of buying
the privilege of peaceful commerce.
The policy did not work, Mr..
Roosevelt recalled, and finally the
Corsairs pronounced the Mediter-
ranean closed to American COM
merce.
BY this circumstance, Mr.. Roose-
velt continued, two specific ques-
tions were raised: First, whether
the blockade was effective, which he
answered in the negative by point
ing out that only about one Amer
Continued on Page AS, Column 81
Evening star., 1941-05-16
Nuzi Aircraft Are Blasted
At Several Points; Reich
Units Move owurd Iruo

BACKGROUND
Fighting started in IraQ May phen Baghdad oouern-
rent OF proNa Rashd Ali AL Gallant objected to second
landing of British accordance uth
Germans at first expressed only sympathy ah the IraQs
and reaned from any open response aQ appeals for
assistance German and Italian forces haze been occupying
Greek islands in Eastern Mediterranean and Aegean since
Greece tell in late April.
Evening star., 1941-05-16
u. ). Will Insist
On Freedom
Of The Seas
President, Questioned
On Red SEQ, Recalls
Borbory Pirates
BACKGROUND

BACKGROUND
Franco American relations hare
been strained since French ca
pituLdtton in Udr. France on her
side has protested against block
dde of Martinique, which holds
up airplane and gold shipments
to France and has beSeeched this
country for shipments OF food,
lDhich it has receiUed in small
quantities. United States in turn
has looked tUith suspicious appre-
henSion on long-apparent Ger
man effort to bring Vichy into
cooperation tUith Nnzt European
plan. This effort has had con-
siderable success since Admiral
Ddrldn became Vice Premier.
Evening star., 1941-05-16

BY the Associated Press.
CAIRO, Egypt, May 16.-Salum
has been reoccupied by British
troops, it was announced off,
cially here today.
A Near East headquarters COM
munique said serious casualties had
been inflicted by the British on Axis
forces which had held the Egyptian
border outpost, just across the Lib
yam frontier, and some German pris-
oners had been taken.
Besides reoccupying Salum, the
British said Halfaya Pass-whose
hot, embattled sands British soldiers
call "Hellfire Pass"--and MuSaid
also were retaken.
Evening star., 1941-05-16
English T onk Units
Penetrate Base,
Reich Admits
BACKGROUND

BACKGROUND
British began African offensive
last December, after Greeks sue
cesstully resisted Italians, and
conquered Eastern Libya. Aris
spring driue in North Africa
forced them out of that territory,
holGeUer, as German pdnser
forces droDe eastward into Egypt,
beSieging British base at Tobruk
and capturing Salum, Egypt.
Evening star., 1941-05-16

(See SYRIA, Page A-3)
Evening star., 1941-05-16

(See STRIKES, Page A-30
Evening star., 1941-05-16

Continued on Page AS, Column 8
Evening star., 1941-05-16

(See PEARSON, Page A-5o
Evening star., 1941-05-16

Partly cloudy, warmer tonight; lowest
about 64; tomorrow increasing cloudi-
ness; showers and cooler in afternoon
Temperatures today-Highest, 81, at z
pm; lowest. 81, at 6 am.
From the United States weather Bureau report
Full Details on PAGE AS
Evening star., 1941-05-16

(See HESS, Page A-3D
Evening star., 1941-05-16

Most people in Washington have The
Star delivered to their homes every
weekday evening and Sunday morning.
Evening star., 1941-12-22
Mrs. Jesse Nicholson
el,lln Candidate, 4 !
For Seat in House
Former Dry Leader
Hopes to Succeed
Mrs. William D. Byron

A primary battle over the selec-
ton of the Democratic candidate
from the sixth Maryland congress
sional district in next years Demo-
cratic primary loomed as a posi-
bility today following the announce
ment by Mrs. Jesse w. Nicholson OF
Chevy Chase that she would be a
candidate for the party nomination.
A resident of Montgomery County
since 1919. Mrs. Nicholson has been
active in Democratic politics during
most of that period. She first en-
tered the political scene by defeat
ing Mrs. j. johnson Poe of Balti-
more for the position of Maryland
Democratic committeewoman in
1924. Later she was on the COM
mittee that notified John w. Davis
of his nomination for President.
An ardent dry. Mrs. Nicholson
vigorously opposed repeal of the
Eighteenth Amendment.
Soon after suffrage was granted
women in 1919 Mrs. Nicholson Or
ganized the Montgomery County
Federation of United Democratic
Women's Clubs. In 1924 she or
ganized the Federation of United
Democratic Women's Clubs of Mary
land. She resigned from that Or
ganization soon afterward to become
president of the National Women S
Democratic Law Enforcement
League.
While still maintaining her dry
sentiments. Mrs. Nicholson said that
she is supporting President Roose-
velt in the present emergency.
The present sixth district Repre-
sentative. Mrs. William D. Byron
today said that she hadn't had time
to consider her future plans. Asked
to comment on her campaign prom
ise last year that she intended to
retire after filling her late husbands
unexpired term, Mrs. Byron said
that her only thought at present was
to do a good job" and that she
hadn't yet considered her plans fol
next years election.
1t. Col. E. Brooke Lee. Mont.
gomery County Democratic leader
who has been mentioned as a can
didate to succeed Mrs. Byron, also
refused to comment.
Evening star., 1941-12-22
Firsf-Aid Glasses Started
For Takoma Residents

Registration for courses in first
aid for residents of Takoma Park,
Md, has been started, and morning,
afternoon and evening classes will
begin shortly, it has been announced
by Mrs. Howard H. Harrigan, chair
man of the Takoma Park Branch,
Montgomery County Chapter, Red
Cross.
Persons interested in registering
are urged to call Herold Hirst at the
Takoma firehouse, Silver Spring 278.
Mr.. Hirst is taking calls for Herman
Paul, chairman of first aid.
Residents who have completed
Red Cross first-aid instruction are
urged to volunteer as instructors in
first aid classes. Volunteers for sew
ing and knitting are also needed,
Mrs. Harrigan said. and should see
Mrs. George L. Richardson, produce
ton chairman, who Is at 8 Columbia
avenue, each Thursday from $50
am. to 3 pm.
Those in the area who wish to
donate blood for the plasma reserve
being collected for the Army and
Navy are asked to call Mrs. w. M.
Mackie. blood donor chairman, at
Sligo ALL.
Evening star., 1941-12-22
10 Hear Hymn
By Ex..Pastor, 92,
Al YuIe Service
Maryland and Virginia
Congregations to Hove
Christmas Programs

A Christmas hymn written by DR..
Albert Osborn, former registrar OF
American University, will be sung
for the first time at pm. tomor-
row at the Washington Grove CMdo
Methodist Church as part OF Its
Christmas services. DR.. Osborn, 81,
was the first pastor of the church.
There also will be singing of other
Christmas hymns by the choir and
a play, "Christmas-According to
Luke" will be presented.
Beginning at HIS pm. there will
be Christmas carol singing in Christ
Episcopal Church, Rockville. Christ
mas eve. followed by choral eucharist
at HAS. Christmas Day services
are scheduled for am. and IL a IN.
The rector is the Rev. Raymond
p. Black. ~ ~ - .
Beginning at 1880 pm. Christ
mas carols will be sung in ST. Mary's
Catholic Church. Rockville. Christ
mas eve. Midnight mass. to be
celebrated by the pastor. the Rev.
Thomas J. McKew, will follow.
Other masses Christmas morning
will be at 7:30, $3.50 and 1890
o'clock.
Holiday services at nearby Vir-
ginia churches have been arranged.
The Bible School of the Wilson
Boulevard Christian Church, Arl-
ington, will present play, Holy
Night" at pm. tomorrow. Songs
and recitations will be included in
the program.
Christmas carols will be sung and
holy communion will be distributed
at the Church of the Epiphany, Arl-
ington, Christmas eve at IL p. m.
Services Christmas Day will be at
10 am.
The Rev. Harry P. Baker at Dulin
Chapel Methodist Church, Falls
Church. will lead services at 11:30
pm. Christmas eve and will speak
on "The Song of the Angels"
Candlelight services will be held
by the Rev. Herbert E. Hudgins of
the Cherrydale Methodist Church,
Arlington. Christmas Day at am.
The theme will be Let Us Go to
Bethelehem.'
The junior chorus and young
peoples choir of the Central Meth
odist Church, Arlington, will sing
carols and Christmas songs from
to 10 pm. Wednesday. At am
Christmas Day the Rev. Harry w.
Craver will hold special candle
light service
From 6 to $50 am. Christmas Day
musicians will give a program on
the steps of the Calvary Methodist
Church, Arlington. At $50 m. the
Rev. Thomas S. Betschler will hold
a candlelight service.
Services will be held at 11:30
pm. Christmas eve by the Rev.
Paul r. Hunter at the Rock Spring
Congregational Church. Arlington.
Christmas services will be held
by the Resurrection Evangelical
Lutheran Church, at 3008 Wilson
boulevard, Arlington, at am.
Christmas Day. The Rev. Carl F..
Yaeger will speak on Christ or
Herod."
Evening star., 1941-12-22

six inches, so as to be safe from
the chance of being struck heav-
ily by a collapsing wall. You can
tell which way the ceiling Joists
run by noting the line of nails
in the floor boards in the room
above. The top beams OF the
framework need not touch the
ceiling but they should not be
more than 2 or 3 inches below 1t.
Since plaster can be brought
down by a blast even if the walls
and floors are not damaged, 1t
is useful. to fix a layer of wire
netting over the top of the
framework. Paper spread over
the netting will prevent most OF
the smaller pieces from passing
through it. If you can't get a
strong netting, a canopy can be
arranged by stretching a bed
sheet tight from wall to wall
over the framework. This is well
to do even if you do not build
the framework.
The construction of the frame
work, using rough timbers, re-
quires not much more than a
saw, hammer and nails. The
amateur carpenter should be able
to do it with some one to help
him put up the framework. since
none of the eight pieces OF WOOD
is as long as the dimension OF
the room along which it is to be
placed, there should be no dlf-
ficulty in getting everything into
the room.
Tomorrow: Ventilation In q
drdtions.