davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1941-03-16
AMONG THE STAMP COLLECTORS
News of the Phatec World Its Interests and PeopeRevew of
the Stamp Press--Ls of Local Meetings
By James Waldo Fawcen.

Dy james W UUO IUtpCeIt.
In reference to t.le design of the
Vermont commemorative, it is un-
derstood that the composition ap-
proved by the Vermont Historical
Society was based on coin which
Vermont issued in 1785 and 1786
bearing a circle of 13 stars, indi-
eating the original colonies, with
the Vermont star in the center.
The artist was John Clement of
Rutland. His work was rejected
by the officers of the Post Office
Department who preferred a view
of the State Capitol at Montpelier.
The information bureau Of the
Post Office Department has received
letter from a woman residing at
Ray City, Ga, inquiring: will you
please write me and tell me where
I can get some 1918 24-cent airmail
stamps, face value, with the pic
ture of the airplane inverted on
them?"
For the benefit of the war relief
work of the British American AM
bulance Corps a poster label, show
ing st. George in the guise of a
Tommy Staying a dragon with
Nazi insignia, has been printed.
Copies may be obtained at 81 per
sheet of Is from the Offices of the
B.-A. A. c., 420 Lexington avenue,
New York City.
Linn's Weekly Stamp News says:
THE Bureau of Engraving and
Printing was founded on August 29
1862, with staff of two men and
four women, who began working in
an attic room of the Treasury De-
partment Building They were at
first employed only in finishing
sheets of paper currency delivered
by private contractors, adding sigma
lures, seals and then cutting.
The scenic postmarks of japan
long pleasure to collectors. have
been discontinued as of November
Is last.
DR.. and Mrs. Prichard Won David
OF San Antonio, Tex, were phila-
telic visitors in Washington last
week.
Add to the list of celebrities who
are stamp collectors the name of
Zinc FranceScatti, concert violinist
BY private treaty a Washington
collector has acquired an accumu-
lation of approximately five thou
sand modern foreign covers origi-
nally brought together by George
w. Linn of Columbus, Fred G
Noske of Milwaukee and Nicholas
Sanabria of New York.
Salvador has brought out half a
dozen commemorative of undis-
tinguished design for the centenary
of the founding of the nationa,
university.
Stamps OF the Italian colonies
in Africa are in great demand in
the philatelic market in New York
Collectors, however, would seem to
be weu-advised to wait until the
British conquest is complete. Then
1t is reasonably safe to assume
there will be plenty of "remainders'
OF the postal paper of Italian So
maitland. Eritrea, Tripolitania and
Cyrenaica available at bargain
prices-unless, of course, the stamp
dealers OF Rome already have cor
nered" the desirable material.
Kent B. Stiles, philatelic editor
OF the New York Times, discussing
the propaganda stamps of World
Evening star., 1941-03-16

temerity to seek a national pro-
fessional status in what has been
considered mans game. There
are few outstanding women chess
masters. Even Vera Menchik,
woman chess champion of the world,
would not rank within the first 10
grandmasters of the world.
1941 Contest Problems Keys.
Awards will be made by Judge
E. w Allen of Newtonville, Mass,
on the basis of the correct key
moves, and mating follow-up moves,
in accord with the rules as an
nounced at the beginning of the
1941 Star Problem Solving Tourna-
ment. If there is a tie for any
prize then special problems will be
published to break the tie.
No. 2s4-1 Kt-KKt2. RxB; 2 Kt-QKt2
No. 2s5-1 ORG. P-K5ch: Kt-Ks
No Nc. sss ST., asa saa KH2 XXI azkt oRPes Ists.
KxG; 3 B-Bs mate. After a-oe there are
several interesting black possibilities but
. No; 2ss-l B-K2, K-B4: B-R5, K-K5;
8 B-Kte mate.
No, 2ao-1 OBS. B-B5; R-oR5 mate:
No. 29l9l R.R1' R-K2 or RIB or
SHK; No. sasNi a-Ff max arkts, Kt-Bs: ? Kt-Kt5
NJ ES ass4l ss4Ii kks FEs kei k7kt4 Res essa Hsts
mate. A two-mover with seven white
men No! ans se5LI ilaca aRsf, Rsh RxRp: aKt-Kte
No. oas-1 o-K6. Kt-K4; . o-o5 mate.
No. 297-1 Obs. P-K5; Kt-Kt6
No. 29s-1 o-Kt7. Kt tB0 -o5: B-B4
No. 2ss-1 Kt-o7. B-o5ch; Kt Ke)-
No 500 Kt-R4. Bxo; Kt (o4) -B3
No. SOL B-Ks. K-ae: Kt KD-Bs
Ne aSS1 sSs1 sfs Rs 9ssfa sst;h' Ekt 4 Ts1s R4:
No. so4-l R-95 R59a; Et-B4 mate
Nc No 33s-l R 'K0-Ks, o-R@ch; Kt
No. s05-I B-Ra, B-K5: o-Kt3 mate
No. 30s-1 R-QR3. Kt-Q4: BxKt mate.
No. 309-1 R-K1, B-B6; 2 QKKt2
No. s1o-1 B-Kts, Kt-B5; Obs
mate
Reuben Fine leads In the Mar
snail CNeSS CluO championship IlII
with eight victories to date. Former
American champion, Frank J. Mar
shall, is runnerup, 6-1; next comes
Sidney Bernstein, So. Then Fred
Reinfeld, widely known chess au-
thor, and Herbert Seidman, college
champion. So, and Louis Levy,
Az z-312. Play at the Marshall Club
in New York City is equivalent to
that of a national master tourna-
ment; it is probably the strongest
chess club in the world.
Official size chessmen and graded
board sizes are available for every
purpose and for youthful or veteran
player. BY matching chessmen with
an appropriate board size, the play
er may have balance, harmony and
proportion pleasing to the eye. The
following matching is recommended:
Evening star., 1941-03-16

HORIZONTAL.
I. Uneven.
4. Room in a harem.
7. Lyric poem.
10. Holland commune.
13. Guided.
16. Poetic: Old times.
19. Small.
20. Word that expresses
number.
%. Electric potential.
"a. Constellation.
25. Injury.
27. South American bur-
rowing mammal.
90. Maiden.
81. Vast age.
80. To fall in drops.
33. Peruvian Indian.
"a. Proposition.
35. Hypothetical force.
81. Mountain lake.
80. Mental faculty.
40. Stride.
Al. Scene of Homer's
"Iliad."
AZ. Australian bird.
43. Insect.
A. Wealthy.
IS. Noxious substance.
46. Wampurn.
At. To scold.
48. Note of scale.
40. Learned.
so. Koran chapter.
81. European.
So. Stiff.
SO. To connect.
SIS. Yellow.
Sc. Female relative.
81. To desire.
SO. Archaic: Same.
SO. Cry of wild geese.
go. Are compelled to.
81. To depend.
62. Symbol for silver.
"a. High.
66. Summit.
Ct. Allowance for, weight.
6S. Sacred Buddhistic
language.
SO. Resort.
10. To petition.
II. Shout.
70. City in Italy.
73. Dagger.
IA. Witty remark.
rs. BY.
rs. Stringed instrument.
II. Flat-bottomed poat.
78. Hard rubber disk.
70. Pocketbook.
80. Gnawing.
80. Distinct quality.
80. Handle of a sword.
"a Close-fitting cap.
IS. Large deer.
86. To fuse.
81. To plummet.
88. Piece Of pastry.
SO. Proposition.
81. Sount to attract
attention.
90. Subsequently.
"a. Wading bird.
95. Merely.
SO. Cry Of sheep.
81. Scarlet.
90. Abrupt.
80. Edible fruit.
100. Sand mound.
l0l. To wander.
102. Printers measure.
103. Lethargy.
lO4. South African Dutch.
105. Lone.
1O6. Character in
Twelfth Night"
le7. Self-confldence.
100. Square-rigged vessel.
Evening star., 1941-03-16

man Of the Pan-American Union
Philatelic Exhibition, scheduled for
the Pan-American Union Building
Seventeenth street NV, April 6
to 10.
Born at Takoma Park, Md, and
educated in the District of Columbia
Mr.. Whitney is a son of the late
DR.. Milton Whitney, agronomist of
the Department of Agriculture and
second president of the Washington
| Philatelc Society. He was initiated
into the pleasures of stamp collect
ing by his father and from early
boyhood onward has been faithful
to philately. An active member of
| the Capital Precancel Society, he
likewise has been a leader in the
| Collectors Club of Washington, in
which latter organization he is chair
man of the Entertainment Com
mittee.
THE assistance of all stamp
collectors" Mr.. Whitney said yes
terday, 'is desired to the end that
both the hobby show at Silver Spring
and the exhibition at the Pan
American Union Building may be
successful"
Those interested to help are re-
quested to communicate with Mr..
Whitney at 402 Twelfth street NV.
Russia has produced another in
dustrial set, testifying again to the
Soviets' worship of machinery.
Perry w. Fuller and R. Miller
Arnold have been named to head
a committee to supervise arrange
ments for the convention of the
American Philatelic Society sched-
uled to meet in Baltimore, August
l9 to %, inclusive.
Ecuador announces two sets of
| stamps to commemorate the centen-
| NAL of the discovery of the Mara
| non branch of the Amazon River.
One series is for regular postage,
| the other for airmail.
The stamps of Luxembourg have
been overprinted with new values
| in German currency. Sixteen diff
ferent denominations are listed.
DR.. Aristide Moll will be guest
| of honor and principal speaker at
a meeting of the Woodbridge Stamp
Club, 2206 Rhode Island avenue
NE, Monday evening, March "a.
His subject has been announced as
The Medical Profession as Re-
flected on Postage Stamps"
c. E. Lloyd, secretary OF the
Sarasota Stamp Club, Sarasota,
Fla, writes to The Star: your
notice of our festival cachet brought
us more requests than any other"
Harry L. Lindquist, editor and
publisher of Stamps Magazine, New
York, will be the speaker at the
| banquet to be held in connection
with the sixth annual exhibition
of the Association of South Jersey
Stamp Clubs, Walt Whitman Hotel,
Camden, N. j., Saturday, May 3.
Elmer c. Pratt, philatelic editor
of the Camden Courier Post, re-
ports: "At least two of the big
firms which print stamps for the
British colonies were badly hit by
incendiary raids on London at the
end of last December"
United States stamps and covers
of the 18th and Goth centuries, from
the collection of Henry c. Gibson
and others, are to be sold at auction
at the Collectors Club of New York
Wednesday afternoon. April 2. The
material offered includes rare presi-
Dental franks. Catalogues may be
Evening star., 1941-03-16
By Peter B0qes

You may soon be taking your dog
to dog oculist for glasses. DR.. Rob-
ert Muller, a Geneva, Switzerland,
optician, has been studying and ex-
perimenting with dogs eyes for the
past few years. He has found that
dogs usually have good eyesight, but
that many are nearSighted,
First, DR.. Muller evolved a proce-
dure to test a dogs eyes Instead
of the familiar eye-chart of different
size letters, he used bone the dog
had been allowed to gnaw on. 1t
was taken from the animal and Sus-
pended IS or 16 feet away. Lenses
were then fitted in a special spec
tacle frame, until the dog saw the
bone and tried to get at it. This was
Just one of the tests used. The spec
tacles consisted of two croSS-pieces
of light metal and an elastic loop
that fits around the snout and holds
them in the proper place.
So, don't be surprised if, one of
these days, you see a dog wander
ing around with queer expression
on his face that seems to say: Il
can't find my glasses. 1 wonder
where put them
Dogs often develop a dryneSS of
the skin and hair, resulting in the
appearance of branlike grayish
white scales in the coat. This condi-
ton is commonly called dandruff or
scurf.
A thorough washing once a week
with a coal-tar soap, plus vigorous
daily brushing, will usually correct
this condition. In extremely stub
born cases, the following routine
might be employed twice weekly:
Into a gallon of warm water, pour
two handfuls of fine oatmeal and
two ounces of glyCerine. Mix we'll
and thoroughly rub into the dogs
skin, making sure to dry him well
afterward. If convenient, add the
beaten yolks of from two to six eggs
in the mixture. When rinSing the
animal before drying, put a small
Evening star., 1941-03-16
In Local Bridge Circles
By Paul E. Golden

(Mr. Golden has been nell
knolDn in Washington for num-
Der of gears as q director of
bridge tournaments. He is Sec
retGry and director OF the Wash
ington Bridge League and directs
competition also at Federal
Bridge League, National Press
Club and Columbia Country Club
competitionS.)
Evening star., 1941-03-16

Reproduced by courtesy OF w. Geen rs Broadway NeS
York City, this interesting souUenr of recent surrey
flight OF the American Export Airlne Inc flying boat to
Nassau in the Bananas Kingston in JAMAICA and the Panama
Canal Zone The stamps employed for tankng the envelope
OF only 275 cdteddre 1Oc broUn Booker T. Wdhtng
United States; Sd, blue famngoeS and 3D.
King W. Bahamas 3d. cdrine lake. Kingston
Harbor, and Id, carmtne, King George VI, Jamaica.
Star Staff Photo
Evening star., 1941-03-16

amount Of borax in vne water. A
good brushing of the coat daily Is
very important in every case and in
most instances is all that is neces-
sary to effect cure.
Many requests have come to me
of late for suitable exercise ar
rangement that can be made for a
dog in limited space. A very sat-
isfactory setup is the CLOTHES line"
eXerciser. This is made by fasten-
ing a wire between a building and
a post or tree, feet off the ground.
A strong ring sliding back and forth
Evening star., 1941-03-16
CHE s @
By Paul J. Miller,

the Districts leading chess stars aayed AGAINST
another the championship parley
which concluded
City Chess Club Gordon Hotel the guidance Referees
Gleason, j. Neufed Proper.
Ariel Mngain District champion playing superb chess while
Evening star., 1941-03-16

Dimensions given in inches.
In the Games and Sports volume
of "Champlin's Young Folks Cyclo-
paedia." on page 1877, may be found
a picture of a circular chessboard.
Evening star., 1941-03-16
WHITE-9 MEN.
White to play and mate in two meves.
sGueSs This OpeninR. No. 10.

selected from tne recent DSSker me-
mortal exhibition in New York City. For-
mer American Chess Champion Frank J.
Marshall lost three games with his tandem
partner. Olaf ,Ulvestad. Today's game
shows Miss Felicia Lamport proudly dis
Lightning chess will be featured
by the Chess Divan Wednesday,
$50 pm, 1886 I street NV. Each
player will be required to move
every 10 seconds. When 1t comes to
speed chess in the District, Don
aid H. Mugridge excels and merits
the sobriquet, District Blitzschach
Champion" A quiet-mannered but
deadly adversary, Mugridge typifies
the "chess gentleman"
Mrs. Mary Balm of Astoria, N. Y,
recently gave simultaneous exhi-
bition in Boston at the Boston City
Club. 1t is common to read of male
masters of the chess board travel
ing over the country to challenge
all comers, but Mrs. Bain's invasion
of the professional arena is unique,
as we know Of no other feminine
American player who has had the
Evening star., 1941-09-26
oVERcoATs. LIMITED TINE ONLY AT $24.75

If it's on overcoot you need don't foil toke advantage
of these sovngs Tailored by Sheldon perfect fit
and perfect comfort. Toored Of "Poco-downe, soft
handling but durable fabric that gives you warmth without
weight Here's an overcoot that does not burden your
shoulders yet enough for the codest weather that
Washington has to offer Raglan, bolnocoon and setn
sleeve boxcoot models Plain shades Of navy, midgrey,
oxford grey and brown Sizes for regulars, shorts, longs
and some stouts.
Evening star., 1941-09-26

SUITS LIMITED TINE ONLY AT STATS
Suits for every OCCASION for every hour around the clock,
whether be for business Dress sports formal
Single and double breasted lounge conventional and sports
back models AII-woo clear finish Worseds unfinished
Wosteds Twists Chevios Shetonds and Business Tweeds
CIoiser stripes chalk stripes alternating stripes pencil
Stripes hernebone and diagonal weoves dusty glen pods,
overpods and chevron Sizes for regulars shorts
longs, stouts, short stouts and long stouts
Evening star., 1941-09-26
TOPCOATS. LIMITED TINE ONLY AT $24.75

ToPCOATS. LIMITED TINE ONLY AT $2475
COVERT CLOTH. the topooot fabric thots risen to un
precedented heights in the fashion world And now in the
celebrated Sheldon label The Hecht Co for only S475
Covert cloth in this neutral olive ton shade goes with every
thing in your wardrobe Covert cloth we'll known for its
durable wear yet is smooth to the touch and cosy the
eye Smorty tailored by Sheldon with the English set-n
Sleeves slightly fored bottom distinctive FyFront and
your choice Of either slash regular pockets Sizes for
regulars, shorts and longs.
Evening star., 1941-09-26
ZIPPER-LIkED COATS AT $24.75

Zpperined coots the coat with dual personality.
may be topooot with the lining tipped out
and as q warm overcoot within few seconds by tipping
the lining into the coot It's tailored by Sheldon and now
at this low price of only sat- at The Heeht Co. Hand
herring in English type, full bottom with
regular or boImocoon coIIos Here's your toPcoot and
overcoot all in one gorr1ent
All Garments Properly Labeled to Wool Content
SHELDON CLOTHES ARE EXCLUSIVE WITH THE HEcHT CO.'S
MODERN MANS sToRE-sEcokp FLooR-E STREET BUILDING
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-10-22
Bank Thief Gives
Marriage Blame

An employe OF the Detroit Bank
for Is years, Thomas Walker. SO
a receiving teller at the banks
branch at Clay and Oakland ave.
nues. married four years ago. but
soon found that two could not live
as eheaply as one.
To augment his income. from
July. 1888, to Oct. %. 1910. Walker
admittedly embezzled $3.50 in
bank funds. John S. Bugas, De.
troit head of the FBI, announced
after i got married the cost
Of living was 50 high i just had
to have more money" Bugas
quoted Walker as admitting.
The shortage was discovered by
the main office of the bank ex-
actly a year ago, but il took c.
men nearly six months TO trace
the source, Bugas said. Arrested
by federal agents. Walker was tc
be arraigned for violation Of ths
National Bank Act. His home j,
at 2246 Monterey avenue.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-10-22
A Good Job
Pupils See FOR Selves What
Community Fund Does

Forty senior students of st.
Theresa High School are of the
opinion today that at least two
agencies Of the Detroit Community
Fund are doing a great job of
rendering humanitarian services
TO the community.
On a Follow Your Dollar Tour
Tuesday of two community fund
agencies-Sarah Fisher Home OF
the House of Providence. 27424
West Twelve-Mile road, and Boys
Club of Detroit, 1910 Livernois-
the students. saw for themselves
how orphan babies are cared for
and how extensive are the facili-
ties for underprivileged children.
Girls on the tour were impressed
with the neatness and manner
illness Of the tiny tots at Sarah
Fisher. to say little of their ma
tural appeal as children.
The boys thought the swimming
pool in the Boys Club and game
rooms swell, in their vernacular.
THE kids In this neighbor-
hood don't know what they're
missing IL they waste their time
In pool rooms when they've got
this big club house to go to-"
was the generally approved re-
mark OF one of the boys.
The community fund city-widC
drive begins next Monday.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-10-22
Fees Increased
To Insure Care
For Crippled
State Acts to Aid
Hospitals in Giving
Service to Children
Time. stan Corrs.pondens

LANSING. Oct. PHO make
il more attractive for hospitals
to take in crippled children who
are wards of the state. fees were
raised by the crippled children
commission from $3.50 to $3.50 a
day, Governor Van Wagner an
nounced today.
This Is the maximum allow
able under the law and applies
only to acute cases." he said.
I'VE are working on a plan
which may allow the state 10
give hospitals additional COM
pensation for extraordinary
services rendered TO cripples."
DR.. Carlton Dean, secretary OF
the commission, said no children
had been refused admittance thus
far. The governor promised no
child will be allowed to suffer un-
treated. -
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-10-22
Snack Eater Guilty
Jurors Find He Murdered His Stepdauehter. g..
in Quarrel Over Mid-Afternoon Tidbts X

He claimed he was
the constant object of nagging
from the girl and his wife since
he injured himself several years
ago and was unable to work. ~
IL was no longer master n
my own home,- he said. "On
this particular day was este
ing a few left-overs In tho
kitchen when Ethel took my
plate away from me. This was
the final act. I couldn't stand u
any longer, SO I ran upstairn.
got my gum and shot her. I
don't remember shooting ny
wife"
After he shot and killed the girl.
Marion shot at and missed hiG
wife, dubbed her with the gun.
then ran into the cellar,way and
shot himself through the abdomea,
His attorney, In the defe1se
plea. said Marion committed the
act in a flare Of passion. n,
But Marion told on the stand
how he spent some time hunting
the keys to the trunk where the
gun was kept and the~ had u
hunt cartridges To loed the gun.
The victim was 10 have been
graduated from high school within
few days Of her death. ,,
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-10-22

Eating between meals, the habit
of Americas overweight millions,
today was TO send Louis Marion
to prison, probably for life.
Marion was found. guilty Of the
murder of his 18-year-old step
daughter. Ethel Balog, by a jury
in the court of Recorders Judge
Arthur E. Gordon after DELHI
Grating a scant two hours.
According to the testimony OF
the girls mother and his wife,
Mrs. Ella Marion, Marion shot the
girl in quarrel over his mid
afternoon lunching habit.
COMPLAINED OF MEALS
He complained Of the meals
she prepared for him." Mrs.
Marion said. "The reason was
because he used TO eat too much
between meals. The afternoon
before he killed her, Ethel and
I were talking about trying 10
get him to stop eating before
dinner 30 that he would enjoy
his food"
Marion testified that the eat.
ing argument was but the culmi
nation of many points Of contro
versy between him and his slaiI
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-10-22
First Lady Can t
Give Talk Here
r,m.. s,ss Ccs,..pe.s.s,

LANSING, Oct. "a tour oil
defense plants and an invitation
from Governor Van Wagner 70
speak at the unveiling Of the peace
monument on Belle Isle November
II has been turned down by Mrs
Eleanor Roosevelt. wife OF the
President.
Scheduled 10 speak al meeting
OF the Sisterhood of Shaarey-Zedek
Congregation on that date, the
governor said he thought IL would
be nice 10 have Mrs. Roosevelt
stimulate our civilian defense eff
fort and defense production work
by making public appearances,
Unfortunately. when I am
scheduled 10 make . paid lee
ture, the contract precludes any
other public appearance" she
wrote Van Wagner. II do not
know when I will arrive I'm De
troit, but II I have time shall
want 10 see civilian depense
people at the hotel"
Van Wagner said he will ar.
range the meeting.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-10-22

serious consequences might re
suit if the award was made.
The investigation was called b,
Senator Truman Cd. Missouri. thu
committee chairman. after testi
mony that OPM ordered the con
tract withheld because of a ma
tional labor policy" Truman said:
The committee Is prepared TO
get at the facts and blow the
lid OF the whole thing II neces-
sary."
JUST COMMON SENSE
Hillman said that the All
would have no objection 10 work
ing on prefabricated materials "a
Wayne or any other place"
THE reason why the gov
eminent agencies dealt with the
ALL Ii very simple" he said.
at was merely that the. AL
building trades group repre-
scented virtually all of organized
labor In the construction In
dustry. IL was matter Of
practical common sense"
Hillman said he advised Fedora
Works Administrator John Car
mody against making the aware
on the belief that it would pro
woke union warfare between tn,
building trades and the team
sters on one hand and members o
other labor organizations" on tn,
other hand. Currier has told tn,
committee that his shop is sole
Go and that AFL officials hat
often threatened to cause hin
trouble.
There Is little doubt that the
ALL would have regarded the
award to Curriers' company rs
n threat to working standards
and means of livelihood of ALL
workers." Hillman said. "In our
policy, defense must come first"
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-10-22
IT'S UP TO GOVERNOR

In each case the judge will make
only a recommendation to the
governor, leaving the final custer
decision TO the latter.
The Kanar hearing ended with
out any testimony by the defense.
The Sill. 500 was introduced after
Mike Figurski. alleged Ham,
tramck fixer, had testified he gave
Henry Kanar $1,000 according to
an agreement with Mayor Kanar.
The mayor has been indicted by
the grand jury for conspiracy to
permit vice and gambling 10
flourish in Hamtramck The in
dictment was the basis for the
custer hearing.