davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
La gaceta., 1941-05-15
Santos del dia
Isidro Y Torcuato.
La function de GnOche

In WHCtO WO W""'"
Otro gran exito Sc anot6 ano-
che, en- su segunda function, Ia
Compania Guiana que viene ac-
tuando en- Ell teatro del Circulo
Cubano.
Sc representa- la graciosa o.
bra "El Marido de Mi Novia" en-
la que Sc destacaron grandemen
tie la Sra. Estelita Echezabal,
Mimi Bujones, Jose Aparieio,
Miguel Gown, Delfino Y demas
componentes de Ia compahia.
Las variedades como Sc pro-
metiera, flleron todas nuevas y
del agrado del auditorio.
Pasado mahana, viernes, Sc
estrenara "Maldito Calor,"
Separe sus localidades con
tempo.
La gaceta., 1941-05-15
Ell party de hoy

Esta noche Sc verificara en- Ia
;ala principal del Centre Astu-
riano una animada fiestecita, en-
honor de las damas de la Juven-
tud enthusiastic. Sc han manda-
do invitaciones a las distintas
Secciones de la Sociedad, direc-
tiva en- pleno, periodistas e invi-
tados de honor.
Habra bale con Ia orquesta
LA Tropical"
Muy agradecido al Sr. Jose A.
Gonzalez, por la inyitacion que
me hace.
La gaceta., 1941-05-15

bien a un Gaitero, acompahado
de SUI tamborilero.
La plataforma de bale, que
eSta bajo techo, mide 125 pies
de largo por Is de ancho.
Seguiremos informandO.
La gaceta., 1941-05-15
Fiesta s~NSpendidG

Fiesta SuSpendtdd
Por acuerdo de la Logia Caba
lleroS Leales de America ha 81.
do aplazado para otra oportuni-
dad lie Bale Social de las Flores
que tenian anunciado para ell sa
bado 81.
Esta suspension Sc debe a que
en- esa fecha la Sociedad Circulo
Cubano celebrara su TRADITIONAL
Bale de las Flores.
La gaceta., 1941-05-15
NdcimientO

e. dfa Is del mes de Abril vi
no al mundo cos toda felicidad
una hermosa ninita, Sara Lee,
hija de los apreciados esposOs
Lily y JuSto Guggino, vecin0s
de la Gale de Cherry Mum. 1925
en- West Tampa,
Asisti6 a la Sra. Guggino ell
DR.. A. A. Gonzalez.
Felicitamos a los papas, que
hoy besan con algeria el fruto
primero de sus amores.
La gaceta., 1941-05-15

didos podemos decir que ell ex;-
to econ6mico de la function esta
asegurado.
Montana oil and mining journal., 1941-04-19
WALES HAD FUN
ON STOCK RANCH;
POMP FORGOTTEN
PRESENT GOVERNOR GENERAL OF
BAHAMAS OWNS RANCH IN
ALBERTA

The present governor-general Of the
Bahamas, one-ttme prince OF wales,
king of England, husband Of Wallis
Warfield Simpson, and now duke Of
Windsor, has seen the world from
glittering palaces to the waterless
wastes Of Australia.
It is doubtful, however, If he ever
found more ioy of living than he did
on his Canadian cattle ranch, for he,
as prince and monarch must have
grown very bored with public adula-
tion.
Montana tourist travel in Alberta
in the summer OF 1920 was quite
heavy, one reason being citizens want
ed to buy q legal alcoholic drink. One
of the points Of interest to those who
journeyed northward with well devel-
oped thirsts was the then prince OF
Wales ranch near High River, Alta,
which was purchased by the prince
In 1920 through George Lane, for
mer MOntanan.
The prince then was engaged In
stocking the ranch with purebreo
cattle, sheep and fine horses. BE
bought 80 head Of Shorthorn cattle,
Is Shropshire sheep, thoroughbred
racing mares and 20 Dartmoor ponies.
These animals formed the nucleus
Of breeding herds.
4AkC kIAkQA WCAC "a "a OAA Wiz
princes estate In Scotland and their
blood lines traced to the most fashion
able bred animals In Great Britain,
the original home OF the Shorthorn.
The Shropshire sheep were selected
animals from the duke OF Devonshire's
flock. The thoroughbred mares were b
foal to some Of the famous sires In
the late King Georges stables that
made turf history IN England.
The Dartmoor ponies were a new
breed TO Canada. Prince Edward be-
lieved they were adapted to the prai-
ries. He bred them ON his estate In
Cornwall, ON the high wind-swept
moors of which, according to Carlyle,
D number Of herds are running Wild
The Dartmoor ponies, It is said, came
originally from Spain and were in-
troduced into England IN early CEN
turtes They are among the sturdiest
and oldest breeds Of horses in Eng
land. They weigh 800 and TOO pounds |
md make excellent saddle animals In |
.he Dmrtmom country they are also
dFtvNu 10 eaf2a
Montana oil and mining journal., 1941-04-19

Maginnis. by his eloquence, saved the
standing army from being reduced
under the terms of the Hewitt bill.
Allotted five minutes time TO defend
the army, this was extended until he
had an hour. At the conclusion Of his
speech, the Texas delegation bolted
the caucus pledge TO pass the Hewitt
bill. which left the vote q tie. A Cali
fOrnia congressman arose and said:
The people Of Montana have a voice,
but no vote; cast my vote on behalf
Of the delegate from Montana"
The building of Fort AsSinniboine,
the last Of the old Indian posts whose
establishment Major Maginnis secured,
made a line across country from Fort
Keogh that broke up the marauding
war parties. and gave security TO the
ranchmen and stockmen. After the Nez'
Perce outbreak, Major Maginnis Sc
cured the money from the general
fund for the building Of Fort Missoula,
and the war department did the work,
so that the MtSsoula post actually was
built without any authority from con-
gress until Senator Dixon obtained q
fund to rebuild it. Fort Harrison was
built during the seal and fur fisheries
controversy with England through the
efforts Of Major Maginnis.
When 1t appeared certain Montana
and four other states would be admit
ted to statehood, Major Magfnnis
drafted, introduced and secured the
passage Of the law under which the
capitol and university land grants
were made which enabled the state
to build capitol and found a uni
versity.
Major Maginnis was a member OF
the constitutional convention, and took
a leading part in framing Montanas
organic law. He was elected United
States senator by the democratic leg
islature when there was q split ac-
cording to party lines, the republicans
electing Senator T. G. Power. The
senate recognised Senator Powers
mis- was appointed to the United
States senate by Gov. r. b. Smith, but
the senate declined to recognize the
appointment.
Major Maginnis had q national rep
utation as an orator. He made the ad-
dress dedicating the cemetery Of the
soldiers home near Washington, was
the orator at the dedication Of the
new cemetery Of Gettysburg. at the
reunion Of the Union and Confederate
soldiers In Baltimore and upon nu-
merous other occasions OF national inn
portance. His last public appearance
was as the orator OF the day In 1917
when a farewell reception was held
Vt Helena for the 1880 infantry, short
v before 1t entrained for Camp
Greene. His keenness OF wit, vibrant
itterances and commanding presence
instantly made him as popular with
he soldiers as he was with his con-
in territorial days.
During his last is years Major Ma
yinniS spent much time travelling.
For IL years he was o member Of
he state board which has charge Of
he Montana home for soldiers and
n this capacity served faithfully and
Montana oil and mining journal., 1941-04-19
Couboys Hundreds of Miles Feed Miners; In the
Dogs Of the Open Range 1t Cost $3.50 Raise $50 Steer

tana territory enacted q law providing
that the county commissioners should
divide their respective counties naeo
not less than three, nor more bnan
10 stock districts, with q place oeslS-
mated in each for the roundup :.
The term cowboy" or "cowpuncner,
is the western name The cowboy en-
dured hardships that would take tne
lives of many men. As class, tnsy
were the finest horsemen In the Worlo
and their many featS OF daring on
horseback, together with tnen So oeSo
terity IN handling the lar1at, maae
them excel in the sports OF the Ileld.
His life in the saddle, in sunshine
and rain. heat and cold, made him wor-
ship his horse, this fact coupled WIN
a good rifle and six-Shooter and the
pleasure Of an easy riding saddle COM
pleted his happiness. A good cowboy
outfit. in the days of real sport, cost
in the neighborhood Of $500. OF vice II
the ordinary sense, or as II Is gen
orally applied, he knew nothing. he
was a diamond in the rough, uncouth,
brave and q most generous creature,
even to a fault, who never lied or
cheated his employer and loyalty, was
one of their greatest characteristics.
Big Profit in stock
The expense of caring for cattle, IN
herds of 1000 or more was ABOUT IoS
per head In those days. Adding taxes
and an costs Of producing a steer worth
at that time $50 and we have a total
of $3.50.
stock raising is no longer an ex-
pertinent. The most severe winters have
failed to destroy the industry. Perhaps
at times speculation and inexperlence
have caused some very heavy losses:
Previous to 1878-79 the average loss o.
cattle from storms as near as can DC
ascertained, was between and per
cent. In the winter of 1878-79 the loss
reached about percent. In the follow
ing winter the losses were also unusu-
aliy large. Such losses generally oc-
CURED In new herds. driven into tne
rich ranges of the territory late IN tnS
fan while still In a very weak ana
"A Again in Iss6-s7 the winter losses
were exceedingly heavy. This was tne
season that produced Montanas Ia
NOUS cowboy artist Charles Russell ana
Montana oil and mining journal., 1941-04-19
Major Maginnis Fought
For Rights of People

Soldier, statesman and pioneer,
MAJ. Martin Maginnis, Montana
pioneer, encOmpassed In his life
time the achievements Of a dozen
ordinary individuals. For several
terms he served Montana as con-
gresSiOnaI delegate, where he could
speak for the territory In congress,
but had no vote. He spoke so well,
however, that he was enabled TO
accomplish much. Laws drafted
and introduced In congress by him
opened hundreds Of thousands Of
acres of land 10 settlement in
Montana that heretofore had been
held as Indian country" reserved
to the Indians
The law under which Montana OBJ
tanned its capitol land grant Of many
thousands Of acres was introduced and
fought through by him. He was also
responsible for the building of Fort
Keogh, Fort Custer, Fort Logan. Fort
Maginnis, Fort Assinniboine, Fort Mis-
soula and Fort Harrison, and 1t was
his speech in congress that defeated
the Hewitt bill which, had 1t passed
would have sent this country into the
Spanish American war with a stand
ing army consisting of six regiments
of cavalry and is Of infantry.
Born in New York
Major Maginnis was born In Wayne
county, New York, in 184l. With his
parents he emigrated to Minnesota
and was a student at Hamline untver-
sity at the outbreak Of the Civil war.
On April 10, 1861, he enlisted In the
First Minnesota regiment with the
rank Of sergeant. He was wounded at
the first battle of Bull Run, but IN
Nor4Qpffotnd 4F4ya Hq4IRv q fnFu dave Hn
General Shields in his
campaign through Virginia and Mary
land, and achieved fame at the battle
Of Gettysburg, where his company OF
81 men was In the thick Of the fight.
and In which 1t lost II killed and 13
wounded. The regiment participated
n the most disastrous charge known
20 the annals Of warfare up to the
European war, the loss aggregating 80
percent Of the men engaged. Major
daginnis was later given command OF
he 18th Minnesota regiment, serving
lnder Grant, Thomas and Meade, and
vas mustered out a major.
jones to the West
Returning to Minnesota, he estab-
ished a newspaper at Red Wing, but,
iring Of it, decided to come west and
rganized party of his own, consist
ng Of $50 men and 40 wagons, which
olloWed the Milk river route, thence
o Fort Benton, arriving In Helena
n the fall Of 1866. Major Magimnts
pent the winter mining at Mitchell,
indian creek and Tucker gilch, re-
urning to Helena in the spring. In |
867 there was a bitter campaign on
4 Montana for the position of terri |
Orial delegate to congress. Major Ma
innis was a supporter of James NJ. |
and when he secured the
nomination, the major
Ient to the Rocky Mountain Gazette |
} conduct the campaign in behalf Of
The latter was elected,
nd then Major Maginnis returned
asst to be married to Miss Louise E
Iann, sister Of Mrs. w. w. Phelps, the !
Montana oil and mining journal., 1941-04-19

buster were one and the same person
and the roundup not only included
beef steers and cows but horses as
we'll
there is any record of, were introduced
in Montana in 1873, by Mr.. Camp
bell of Gallatin county. About this
same time, Nelson A. Story began rais-
ing good horses on the upper Yellow
stone with bunch Of about 200 head
of fine California mares.
The raising of sheep was next IN
troduced but this industry remained
in its primitive condition until the
advent of the railroads, as did the
raising of swine. In July, 1873, Cook
Bros. had about 1900 head OF sheep
on their ranch on Smith river, IN
Smith river valley, 18 miles from Camp
Baker. H. F. Galen, father Of the late
Albert j. Galen of the supreme court,
bought a band of $500 head Of sheep
In the fall of 1876 from Mr.. Calhoun,
who drove them into Montana from
Nevada.
Are Held
IN the great days of the range, the
general roundup lasted from three 70
our weeks. The home range roundups
hen took place and the branding be-
ran. In 1874 the legislature OF Mon
Montana oil and mining journal., 1941-04-19
STATE u MEALS
FOR 45O DINERS
MAJOR PROBLEM
STUDENTS LIST FOODS THEY LIKE
AND DTETICIANs PLAN BAL
ANCED MENUS

During the school year a major par
of the operation of the four reSloenc'
halls at Montana State university I
serving the meals. Take 450 men anC
women. place them in four dining
rooms three times day for nins
months and a problem presents igsen
Living in Corbin hall, Nortn nan
South hall and New hall, Montana
state university students are healthy
vi1 individnais. they get the proper food
on a balanced menu and this mcluues
food they like. This is all made pos
sible through an experienced staff OF
dieticians, supervised by residence nans
director Mrs. Monica B. Swearmgenr
who plans the meals.
Always Plenty to Eat
THE three meals per day for each
student contain the essential v1tamlns
and calories necessary to the human
body. and there is always enough 70
eat. Meals are kept planned as mucn
as 10 days ahead Of time and II taxes
experienced work to keep the 1000
program at the four haLlS running
HOW to satisfy $50 students at the
university, when almost everyone wants
different kinds of food2 To FIND out
the likes and dislikes of the students,
Mrs. Swearingen submits q form sheet
at the beginning of each year, asking
them what they want and what they
don't want The returns Of the sheets
are studied carefully and the meals are
outlined with a thorough coverage OF
the wide variety Of choices.
/ 800 Gallons of MIX
Inventory Of meals Is taken by the
director each month and 1t Is these
mass consumption figures which offer
a chance to realize what the students
demand. For instance, for the month
of February Montana State university
students consumed 1900 gallons OF
milk, 1888 gallons Of coffee cream, 1,343
pounds of butter, 296 pounds Of cheese,
S 1895 pounds of potatoes, % cases OF
eggs, 5,345 pounds Of meat, 222 pounds
of coffee, $50 pounds Of bananas, 300
pounds of white sugar, 181 pounds OF
brown sugar, 18 crates Of lettuce "a
dozen heads per crate).
The list does not include chicken, OF
which 425 pounds was required last
month. Some students demand oysters
and when they do, it takes gallons
for complete distribution In the four
halls. An food Is placed into 10 differ
ent classificationg on q list containing
2O4 different foodstuffs. The daily
supply sheet Is a giant menu which
acts as a guide for the director and
staff for consultation In making out
the orders.
Montana oil and mining journal., 1941-04-19

wife of the owner Of the Red Wing
Sentinel, where Major Maginnis had
learned the newspaper business and
studied law. He returned TO Helena
with his bride the following spring
built a home there and lived there
till his death.
He enlarged the Gazette to a daily
and 1t continued as the leading morn
ing journal of the territory. In 1874
Major Maginnis was elected territorial
delegate to congress and was reelected
six times. Immediately he devoted all
his time to the affairs OF the territory
and through his army Of friends Sc
cured the sending Of military expedi-
tions into the country which resulted
In the establishment of military posts
and the opening Of the country.
Opens Up Land
Federal authorities long had claimed
that the Stevens treaty made the
whole Of the country east of the main
range of the Rockies an Indian coun-
try. Major Maginnis introduced and
had passed a bill declaring all country
south Of the Marias as open to settle
ment and occupation. This was the
first time congress ever brushed away
the bogus Indian treaties and de-
clared its control over the public lands,
which heretofore had virtually been
usurped by the senate and the interior
department. Another Indian question
was In the Bitter Root. The Garfield
treaty, which Chief Chariot claimed
he had never signed. provided that
settlers should pay $3.50 an acre to
remunerate the Indians for their lands
Major Maginnis had this amended so
that settlers could file upon the lands
under the provisions Of the general
law and that the government should
pay the Indians out OF the treasury.
Got Railroads Through
One of his greatest achievements
In congress was the enactment Of his
measure granting to all railroads a
general right of way over the public
lands, without any charter from con-
gress or any legislature, without land
grant or other subsidy other than
perpetual easement Chartered roads
bitterly but unsuccessfully fought the
measure. Under this law all the rail-
roads of the west have been built, save
those previously chartered by congress.
Major Maginnis took great interest
In the development Of the west by
the construction Of new railroads, ami
It was through his representations
that the Union Pacific purchased the
Utah Northern, later merged into the
Oregon Short Line system. Maginnis
drafted the charter and right-of-way
II the oregon Short Line, and It was
lnder the provisions of this brief
charter that Hartman later consoli-
iated the Southern Pacific system.
While the Montana delegate did ev-
.rything to further the legitimate
interests Of the corporations, he was
opposed TO any grabbing" by them. |
lie opposed the Northern Pacific's |
lain to the mineral lands, and was
inally sustained by congress, as well |
IS by the supreme court In an action /
which he had brought before 1t on be- /
lalf of the prospectors and miners.
It was In the late seventies Major /
Montana oil and mining journal., 1941-04-19

his well known post card picture 'SThe
Last Of Five ThouSand-Waiting for a
CHINOOK. The normal death losses to
range cattle was percent.
The first beef driven out Of Mon
tana OF which we have any record was
made BY D. J. Hagan for Orenstein q
roper Of Salt Lake city, in october.
1858. These cattle were purchased of
?. Largey, who was at that time agent
for Edward Creighton. These cattle
were bought for the Salt Lake market
and also TO be used in filling con-
tracts along the Union Pacific rail-
road. In the following spring a bunch
Of about 200 head Of cattle were driven
from the Beaverhead and sold to Col
onel Johns Of Salt Lake City.
The first shipment of Montana cat
Montana oil and mining journal., 1941-04-19
City CODbOy Rides
Ahead of Freight
For Last Flag Trip

The frontier spirit now Is gone from
Tenth avenue with the last ride Of
city cowboy.
Riding herd on the last locomotive
to pull freight along a Manhattan
street, 2I-year-old George Hayde gave
scarcely a 'yippee" of warning to mo-
torists and pedestrians at intersections
on the 13-block TRAN. But the horse
man waved his red flag solemnly, IN
keeping with a 0O-year tradition.
There won't be anything left 70
mark the route followed by tenth
avenue cowboys" since 1850, as the
New York Central win tear up the
tracks.
The locomotive moved at the g.
miles-an-hotr speed limit set IN 1850.
The railroad observed TO the end the
city ordinance requiring that 8 man
on horseback be sent with warning
signals ahead Of each locomotive that
traversed the rails IN the middle Of
the avenue.
At the end Of its final run, the loco
motive sounded its whistle In farewell.
Montana oil and mining journal., 1941-04-19

tie east was made by James Forbes
from Ogden, Utah, IN 1874.
IN 1876 Conrad Kohrs drove a bunch
of cattle from his Sun River range and
shipped from Cheyenne.
Before the coming Of the Northern
Pacific railroad 10 the Territory OF
Montana, cattle we're driven hundreds
OF miles to the various points Of ship
ment. In the early operations OF the
Northern Pacific railway It took a car
OF cattle six or seven days 10 reach the
Chicago market
From the establishment OF the live
stock export trade between Montana
and Chicago. TO the completion Of the
Northern Pacific railroad to Helena
five routes or trails were used.
FirSt-The cattle were driven from
Montana oil and mining journal., 1941-04-19

the Sun River ranches via Snake river
TO Granger, on the Union Pacific rail-
road, $50 miles.
Second-From the Sun River, via
Smith and Musselshell rivers to Pine
Bluffs. 700 miles.
Third-From. Sun River to Bismarck,
on the Missouri. via Blackfoot reSer-
yation. $50 miles.
Fourth-From Sun River across the
Aiarias river TO Fargo, 300 miles
Fifth-From Sun River to Bismarck
via Camp Lewis, lne great bend Of the
Musselshell, down the Porcupine river
and across the Yellowstone and Tongue
river to Bismarck. via the main trail,
6lO miles From these various points on
the railroad to Chicago, varies 1875
to 500 miles.
Montana oil and mining journal., 1941-04-19

In one year. or SeSa days, the earth
actually rOtates 3G62 times.
Imperial Valley press., 1941-07-10
Germans Report
More Progress

BERLIN, July 10. (UP)-A high
command communique issued from
Adolf Hitler's field headquarters
reported today that operations
against the Red army were pro-
ceeding without halt.
The high command again faile5
to make any specific statement about
the eastern front, but it was report
ed that reinforced German armies
were pushing forward or jabbing IN
search of a soft spot all along the
main Stain line defenses.
Capture of Ostrov, reported by
the official news agency yesterday,
was followed by German thrusts
northeaStward along the road to
Leningrad, it was stated. but prog
reSS was not specified.
Led by air bombardment of enemy
lines and rear columns, the Ger
mans also were reported hammer
ing at Russian defenses on the road
to Moscow and the Ukraine capital
of Kiev.
1t was indicated that the Ger
mans were using all their power
in an attempt to break through
the Stain line" of defense which
barred the way to white Russia and
the Ukraine.
Imperial Valley press., 1941-07-10
a SHOOTING WAR?

WASHINGTON. July 10 CUP)-
The senate naval affairs committee
met today to consider an anti-in-
terventioniSt request that Secretary
of Navy Frank Knox discuss reports
that there is a shooting war II
the Atlantic involving United States
forces.
This almost nerveless capital was
stirred by KnoX's press conference
implication that the Navy may
have to shoot to carry out the or
ders issued by President Roosevelt
when Iceland was occupied.
Prime Minister Winston Churc-
hill contributed to the general feel
ing of interest with a statement
that British and United States naval
forces now might be expected to
cooperate in the most dangerous
waters" OF the Atlantic.
Speculation regarding possible
shooting incidents related to United
States naval forces ordered to in
sure the safety of strategic Atlantic
Sen. Burton K. Wheeler D, Mont,
made the request that Knox ap-
pear before the senate committee
after columnists wrote that there
Imperial Valley press., 1941-07-10

already had been q brush between
American and German naval forces,
Knox has denied there have been
any.
Knox at a press conference yes
terday said current orders to naval
units go" further than original
instructions to the Atlantic patrol.
Discussing the occupation of Ice
land, he seemed to imply that the
navy may have to shoot to carry out
President RooSevelts new orders
that all necessary steps be taken
to insure safety of communications
between Iceland and the United
States, as we'll as on the seas be-
tween the United States and all
other strategic ouposts,'
At their minimum those orders
would cover the area lying west Of