davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Daily Alaska empire., 1941-03-12
QUORUM, QUORUM

Eleven a. m., the converting bell rings. A quorum cali is demanded and the clerk calls the roll. There is no quorum. The bells ring again. The clerk again calls the roll, very slowly. Senators struggle in. Final ly, after much stalling, enough sen ators answer the roll to permit the chamber to get to business. The clock reads 11:35.
 Vice-President Wallace bangs the gavel and the debate resumes. Sem ator Harry Schwartz. Wyoming New Dealer, has the floor. He favors the bill, says, We are killing time while Hitler is killing people" Schwartz finishes in half an hour. making the score 18 hours of talk for the pro- ponents of the bill, 52 hours for the opposition.
 When Schwartz sits down at 12:05 the antis take up where they left off the day before. They are no half- hourers When they talk. they talk.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1941-03-12
German Troops Mdssed on Greeian, Turkish Front
 iers Ready for Action THREE IH0USAND WAR
 PLANES WILL ATTACK
YugosIdvia Is Expected to Cdpitu|die 10 Axis De-
 mands During Day
(By Associated Press)

German warplancs have already begun bombing Greek towns from bases in Bulgaria 1t is unofficially reported as Hitler masscd half q million soldiers on the frontiers of Greece and Turkey.
 With signs pointing to an imrnin- ent showdown of yugoslavia. leaders gathered at Belgrade amid foroeasts she must capituiatc quickly to Nan demands that she join the Ronne- Berlin -Toyko Alliance by yielding Yugoslavia and this will presum- ably open new avenue for the ex- pected invasion of Greece.
 Zero Hour Nears
 Indications are that the zero hour for the equalization of Yugoslavia and invasion of Greece is near.
 This indication Is seen as the steady stream of the 1outhward movement of Nazi troops through, Bulgaria. under way for the past ten days, has suddenly trickled to a trickle. Another factor is that Ger man Staff officers are reported to have disappeared from Sofia and headed for the field headquarters at Plovdiv, 40 miles from the Greek border and 80 miles from the Turk ish border.
 Three thousand German and Bull garian warplanes have been placed ready for action, including siren screaming Nazi bombers which were exploited with terrortzing effect in western Europe last spring.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1941-03-12
SEARCH FOR BOMB RING
 IN TURKEY
Attempt Believed Made 10 Assdssindie British
 Diplomatic Official

ISTANBUL. March l2. - Turkish Police and Military authorities are searching for a"Balkan Bomb Ring" believed to be behind the attempt to assassinate George Rendel. Bri- tish Minister who left German oc- cupied Bulgaria last Saturday and came to Istanbul.
 Four persons were killed and up- ward of 20 injured last night when a bomb exploded. wrecking the lobby of the luxurious Pera Plaza Hotel where the British diplomat had brought his party from Sofia by train only few minutes beSore.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1941-03-12
ARMY HANDLING MORALE, ALL PROBLEMS AT POSTS,
 LOOKING AFTER ITS OWN
This is the second of three articles about the Army's mor- ale program.
By JACK sTINNErT

WASHINGTON, March 12.-For the first time in any period of intensive military training, the Army (and what goes for the Army goes for the Navy tool is handling its morale, entertainment and re- creation problems exclusively on all Army posts and reservations.
 With the one exception of old camps where the Y.M.C.A. al- ready had buildings, no outside civilian, welfare or religious or ganizations are permitted to oper- ate on military reservations.
 At the morale division, they will hasten to explain that this isn't because they don't want civilian aid. They solicit it and even a large part of the morale division personnel is devoted to seeking and encouraging civilian cooper ation in providing recreation, en- tertainme'lt and a healthy moral environment in civilian communi- ties. It's just that-on the reser- vation-the Army looks after its own.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1941-03-12
President Sends Message 10 Congress with Bud-
 qetDireefor Estimates SEVEN BILLION FUND E
 TO BE MADE AVAILABLE
Chief Executive Says Am. erica Must Give Assist
 ance 10 DemoUdCies

WASHINGTON, March 12.-Pre- sident Roosevelt today sent to Con- gress a request for Seven Billion Dollar appropriation with which to carry out the fixed policy of this Government to make for Democra- cies every gun, plane and intuition of war we possibly can.'
 The request for the huge peace time appropriation is made in let ter to Speaker Sam Rayburn and the letter is accompanied by detail- ed estimates of the Budget Director for the Seven Billion Dollar appro- priation.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1941-03-12
PROJECTS IN NORTH
 REQUESTED
Delegate Dimond Asks Committee 10 Approve of
 Work 10 Aid Fishermen

WASHINGTON, March 12.-Alas- ka Delegate Anthony J. Dimond to- day urged the House Rivers and Harbors Committee to approve channel and other work in Alaskan harbors for the benefit of the fish, ing boats as recommended by the Army Engineers.
 The Engineers recommended im- provenments to cost $80.00O at Pet ersburg, $31,O00 at Port Alexander, s189, 900 at Wrangell, $8O 900 at Craig, $38,O0O at Elfin Cove. and $50,000 at Seldovia.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1941-03-12
Fairbanks Residence
 Destroyed
Home and Contents of Cur. ifs Adams House Goes
 Up in Daylight Blaze

FAIRBANKS, Alaska, March 12 Fire originating from an explo- sion of kitchen stove yesterday afternoon, destroyed the residence, and entire contents, occupied by Curtis Adams, Executive Vice Presi- dent of the Bank of Fairbanks.
 The residence, owned by Roy Lund, is a total loss, estimated at $10,00O. Structure and contents were partially insured.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1941-03-12
6ETS
 SITkA MAN FINE

E. L. McGuern pleaded guilty in U. S. Commissioner William Knights court in Sitka yesterday on a charge of making false statements in an application for a resident hunting license.
 The Juneau Game Commission of flee said that McGuern was fined $30. Wildlife Agent was c. w. Swan.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1941-03-12
REPRESENTATIVE
 FROM NEW YORK
 SUDDENLY PASSES
P. 1. Sthwert, Former Ball Player, Makes Brief
 Speech, then Dies

WASHINGTON. March 12.-Rep- resentative Plus L. Schwert. AS, of Buffalo, New York, died suddenly last night, apparently from an att tack of the heart. shortly after he had made brief speech at dinner party in hotel.
 Schwert was former New York Yankees ball player.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1941-03-12
Two Killed
 In Crash of
 NavypIane
Ensign Balls Out When Over Mountains, Lands
 with Slight Injuries

SAN DIEGO, Cal, March 12.-Two enlisted men, tentatively identified by Ensign w. Glenn Barnes as R. Golf and Seaman Doga, were killed and Barnes was slightly injured in the crash of a naval torpedo plane from the airplane carrier Saratoga while on routine flying over the mountains, 85 miles northeast of here.
 The engine stalled. Barnes bailed out but the other two men remained aboard the craft and were killed in the subsequent crash.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1941-03-12
RESTRICTION AVOIDED

The whole Army theory of morale is not restriction. They do not be- lieve in setting up a lot of moral DON'TS. The idea is that, in seek ing recreation and diversion from routine, a soldier should have all the freedom of a civilian. But, SC the morale division officers insist if soldier can find clean, whole some, decent recreation "at home (which means in camp), he's not going to be wandering off down the alleys to find his fun.
 That is the theory behind the service clubs Gin all the larger camp0, with their staffs of three hostesses, their lounges, their h- braries, their games like chess checkers (American and Chinese) table tennis; their guest houses where visiting relatives and friends may stay overnight: their week.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1941-03-12
Retired Officer
 Of Army k Dead

LOS ANGELES. Cal. March 12.- Brigadier Mathew c. Smith, 72, Commander of Camp Sherman dur ing the first World War and later one of the members of the General Staff of the Army. died at his home here last night. Smith retired in 1883.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1941-03-12
Delegate Presents
 Requesi. Committee

WASHINGTON. March l2.-Alas- ka Delegate Anthony J. Dimond to- day told the House Committee on Territories that additional educa- tional and communal facilities gre needed in the defense areas of AL aska.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1941-03-12
John Perry Transferred
 To NorihIand

WASHINGTON, March l2.-The Navy Department announces trans fer of Commander John Perry. of the Naval Air Station in Seattle. to be commanding officer of the Naval Air Station at Kodiak when that station is permanently established.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1941-03-12

This year is the l50th anniver- sary of the accidental discovery of anthracite coal in Pennsyl- vania.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1941-03-12

Although she was greeted affec- tionately by William Lundigan, film actor, upon arrival in Holly wood, Dorothy James, 25-year-old daughter of Gov. Arthur James of Fennsylvania, laughed at reports of . romance. Miss James said she and Lundigan had been friends sineA they were students at Syrae
 calse university.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1941-03-12

Spanish railways are not stand ard European gauge.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1941-03-12

(Continued' on Page Seven)
The Daily Alaska empire., 1941-03-12

tcontlnueo on rase Four,
The Daily Alaska empire., 1941-03-12

Continued on Page seven)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1941-06-01
Crete

Continued From First Page)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1941-06-01
Reduction of British Radius of Action Seen
Chief Benefit to Nuzis in Crete's Capture

the Axis forces stalled at the Egyp-
tan frontier. The attack on Crete
may have been designed solely to
remove a British menace to the
communications of those forces, not
only by depriving the British of
well-located base, but also by in
f1icting heavy losses on the British
naval forces-which have never been
strong enough to deal with two
crucial situations at the same time.
The naval losses have been Sc
vere-three cruisers and four de-
stroyers lost, and injuries inflicted
on at least two battleshipS, four
cruisers and some smaller craft
which may keep some of these
ships out of action for weeks. BY
these means the Germans have
sought, and may have succeeded,
in offsetting the advantages gained
by British reinforcement of Egypt.
Thus the position of Gen. Rommels
army in Libya, which was verging
on the desperate three weeks ago in
face of Gen. Wavells growing pow
er, is now improved very consid-
erably.
Certain Factors Favor British.
There are certain factors in ia
vor of Britain, however. The Iraq
revolt has collapsed, though some
resistance may continue in the Mo-
sui area. The surrender of the
Duke of Aosta will release probably
two Indian divisions and a strong
force of South African troops and
aircraft for duty elsewhere The
destruction of the Bismarck and
the naturalization df actually &C
complisheO of the Scharnhorst and
the Gneisenau may release addi-
tional British heavy units for the
Mediterranean; new ships are en-
tering, service rapidly also, as EVIL
denced by the appearance in recent
communicates of the Prince of
Wales, Victorious and Fiji.
The Germans may now attempt to
repeat in Cyprus their success in
Crete, but in that case the factor
of distance would be in Britain's
favor, it being about twice as far
from Rhodes to Cyprus as it is from
Haifa. They seem more likely to
try to exploit their Cretan gains
by increasing their efforts in North
Africa, the most direct route to
Suez, while not neglecting their in
creased advantages for a political
offensive in Turkey.
Copyright, 1941. by New York Tribune, Inc.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1941-06-01
destruction of Mussolini's Fascis
army of 100000 in East Africa.
Fleeing British Horossed
By Luftwoffe. Nozis Soy

BERLIN, May 81 H9.-The Nazi
Luftwaffe, bent on speedy cleanup
of Crete, tonight harassed scattered
British forces which the high COM
mand said were fleeing from the
Eastern Mediterranean island, and
the German Army was pronounced
ready for the next job ahead.
The high command said some of
the imperial forces had escaped to
Gavdos Island, Is miles south Of
Crete, and that these, along with
others attempting to get away from
Southern Cretan ports, were under a
relentless aerial attack.
Germany's main land forces on
Crete were declared to be pushing
steadily along the northern coastal
plain from the west in pursuit of the
British an dthe Greeks. A juncture
was expected shortly with Italian
troops moving from the eastern end
Of the island.
Air Force Is Active.
All that remains of the Crete
campaign, Germans said, is the
flight of the British and the Greeks
to the southern shore, every mile
of the rocky route under the bomb
ing and notwithstanding of the
air force.
Dive-bombers were concentrating
on the few ports there and ships
in the waters to the south. A Brit
ish destroyer was reported so badly
damaged in these waters that its
loss was apparent.
The high command indicated
British forces reaching Gavdos were
cut off from communication with
their main forces, since it asserted
that the signal station on the islet
had been destroyed.
The reported presence of British
naval units in South Cretan waters
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1941-06-01

was taken to mean the feet had
come back to cover British with
drawal efforts.
Expect Many Prisoners.
Germans were reluctant to make
predictions, but 1t was obvious they
expected to take considerable
number of prisoners.
StrategistS took account Of the
commanding position Germany has
won in the Eastern Mediterranean
Speculation as to what next" in
this region included Axis-encircled
Tobruk in North Africa, Alexandria,
the base Of Britain's Eastern Medi-
terranean fleet; the British-held
island of Cyprus and Suez.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1941-06-01

likely would hamper tremendously
the British fleets threefold task Of
keeping the Mediterranean open to
British shipping, preventing Axis
supplies from reaching North AZ
RIGA and forestalling large-scale
German occupation of French-man-
datSA Syria.
With only 200 miles of sea be-
tween Crete and Libya, German
bombers may compel the British
to rely entirely on submarines and
planes to keep heavy reinforce
ments of tanks and supplies from
reaching the Axis forces in North
Africa.
Now that Crete's Suda Bay is
lost, Britain Is left with only four
scattered naval bases in the Med
iterranean, Of which Gibraltar is
far removed from the scene of re-
cent operations.
Three Bases Exposed.
All the other three bases-Malta,
Cyprus and Alexandria-are ex-
posed to Axis bombers. Malta is a
scant 90 miles from plane bases on
Sicily; Alexandria is 400 miles from
Crete, and Cyprus is inside a 800
mile range from Rhodes.
There is a question whether sur
face ships always will find tenable
the Malta base, which they used in
pre-war days for refitting and re-
pairs.
Criticizing the Crete affair, the
Sunday Times air correspondent
said, In Crete a mistake appears
to have been made in allowing the
enemy to gain possession of an air
drome on which transport airplanes
could operate. That airdrome
should have been blasted and OBJ
structed and disorganized so no air.
plane would be able to land on 1t
until after weeks of repair work.
Let us heed this warning and
remember that along our south
coast of England stretch a great
chain of airdromes of as great
strategic importance"
Vast Rearguard Action.
The battle of Crete was "a vast
rearguard action" into which Brit
ain was forced by the German pre-
ponderance of warplanes and mech
anized troops, authorities here as
serted.
The Crete diversion, it was point
ed out, enabled Britain to spend the
intervening time on these jobs:
l. Wiping out the Iraq trouble.
2. Winding up the Ethiopian
campaign.
3. Preparations to meet the Axis
threat to Suez from Libya.
f. Resting. recognizing and re-
eQuipping Gen. Sir Archibald P
Wavell's forces after the Battle of
Greece
Time Spent on Other Things.
Indications that Britain may have
been spending the time effectively
in other directions were seen in
Foreign Secretary Anthony Eden's
careful statements of sympathy for
Syrian nationalist aspirations and
words of friendship for the whole
Arab world.
Informed quarters declined to &c
beyond Mr.. Eden's words, delivered
Thursday, but there was reason to
believe a native uprising against
Vichys apparently weak hold on
Syria hardly would surprise the
British.
Military quarters declared the
more spectacular developments in
the Balkans, Libya, Crete and the
Atlantic tended to obscure one OF
the wars major accomplishments
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1941-06-01
BY MAI. GEORGE FIELDING
ELIOT,

ELIOT.
The Germans have continued to
expand their holdings on Crete,
especially in their main theater of
effort around Melami, Suda Bay and
Canea. 1t now seems likely that
some sea-borne reinforcements
have reached them, though in what
numbers it is difficult to judge.
What does seem certain is that the
British and Greeks failed to over
whelm the main German lodge
ment before it became too strong
to be summarily dealt with: and the
tide of battle now is swinging in
favor of the Germans.
For this there are several reasons,
which ought to be examined care
fully before we attempt to draw any
hard and fast conclusions from the
results so far obtained:
/. German air superiority, which
existed from the first and grew pro-
portionately as the operations pro-
ceeded. The main German air
bases were in Greece, 100 to $50
miles away; supporting air bases
even nearer were to be found in
the AEGEAN Islands. The main Brit
ish air bases were on the average
three times farther distant, in
Egypt. Crete itself possessed only
a very little terrain suitable for air
bases and there lacked anti-aircraft
equipment for their proper defense,
so that the assembling of large air
forces at these few bases would
have only resulted in useless losses
against the scale of air attack the
Germans were prepared to develop.
Character of Waters.
co The restricted character of
the waters in which British naval
forces had to operate to interfere
with German movements by water
All of these waters were completely
within the radius of action of Ger
man dive bombers. The British
could not bring to bear sufficient
carrier borne or land-based fighter
planes to afford protection to their
naval units; they had neither suf-
ficient carriers, nor sufficient land
bases on Crete, and their main land
bases were too far away. In both
these matters. it should be noted
how the factor of distance, affect
ing continuity of effort, was in favor
of the Germans. Air bombing, like
artillery Smelling, requires conti-
nuity of action to produce any real
nFant &c IF al -
borne troop operations against
enemy-held territory. Distance is
therefore likely to be the controlling
factor
90 It now appears that even the
British troops on Crete had little in
the way of heavy equipment-artil-
lery, armored fighting vehicles, mo-
tor transport. Their advantage in
this respect over the German air.
borne troops was not great, and
tended to diminish in proportion as
the latter received fresh supplies
and equipment by air, while the
British were receiving nothing or
very little from distant Egypt. Rash
conclusions should not therefore be
drawn as to what air-borne inva-
sion could do against fully equipped
troops with high degree of mo-
bility and supported by adequate
fighter aviation.
Bad Communications.
"a The bad communications of
Crete prevented sufficient flexibility
of movement to enable the British
to concentrate against the success
sive German efforts in time. The
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1941-06-01
China
Continued From First Page }

laws and courts for the first time
since 1874, when a treaty was signed
giving Americans the privilege of
being tried before United States
consuls.
At that time, there was wide vari-
alton in the Oriental and the Occi-
dental conceptions of law, the Chi
nese holding an entire foreign COM
munity responsible for the INSIDE
meanor OF one of its members and
insisting on "life for a life" even
In a case of accidental death.
These and other conditions con-
nected with expanding trade re-
suited in the general extension
of extraterritorial jurisdiction and
other special rights to Occidental
nations. The United States treaty,
which also formally opened five
Chinese ports to American COM
merce, followed the granting of
similar rights to Great Britain.
Other powers later joined the pro-
ceSsion.
Since the Boxer uprising in 1900,
the United States and other Occi-
dental nations also have maintained
troops in some parts of China for
protection of the foreign settle
mentS.
In his letter to Mr.. Hull, DR.. Quo
Tai-Chi said the Chinese people
feel that "our attitude, detectives
and policies are constantly evolv-
ing along lines more and more COM
pletely in harmony with those Of
the United States"
The Chinese government expects
when peace is restored. he said, to
EFFECT the fullest application" of
the principles Of equality Of CON-
mercial opportunity and non-dis-
criminatory treatment in its own
economy and in its political and eco
nomic relations with other coun-
tries"
In reply, Mr.. Hull emphasized
that "the program in which the
Government and people OF the
United States put their trust Is
based upon and revolves about the
principle of equality of treatment
among nations"
This principle" the secretary
added, "comprehends equality in
international relations in judicial
sense, nom discrimination and equal
ity of opportunity in commercial re-
lations, and reciprocal interchange
In the field of cultural developments.
Implicit in this principle is re-
spect by each nation for the rights
of other nations, performance by
each nation of established obliga-
tons, alteration of agreements be-
tween nations by processes not OF
force but of orderly and free nego-
tiation, and fair dealing in inter-
national economic relations essen
tial to peaceful development of ma
tional life and the mutually profit
able growth of international trade.
"One of the purposes of this pro-
gram Is to effect the removal OF
economic and other Embellishments
which tend to lead to political con-
f1icts."