davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1941-12-30
Manila
Continued From First Page J

few miles north of the American
line, with patrols active in between
American forces apparently had
Withdrawn completely from the
Lingayen Gulf area.
The two Japanese columns in the
south evidently aimed to Join at
San Pablo.
Separated by Lake.
This town is IS airline miles
southeast Of Manila, but the Laguna
de Bay, lake about IS miles long
and Is miles wide, lies between
that position and the Philippine
capital.
If the Japanese reached San
Pablo 1t was probable one column
would circle southwark and west
ward to Batangas Province on the
west coast of Manila.
Relative inactivity at the fronts,
reported in this mornings COM
munique, was taken to mean that
the Japanese were resting their
troops and bringing up fresh sup
plies of ammunition and gasoline
and reinforcements for new as
saults.
Yesterdays announcement from
Washington that the Japanese were
landing veteran troops was believed
here to mean that possibly the troops
Evening star., 1941-12-30
Roosevelt
Continued From First Page)

particular study with the objective
of reducing that portion of the
budget. No final decisions have yet
been made on this matter, he said.
nor are any estimates yet available
on overall budget figures.
Budget Plans Studied.
Delaying a decision on an over
ton of whether the budget should
contain only the amounts of ex-
penditures planned during the fis-
cal year or should contain esti-
mated total costs for entire projects.
During the questioning the Presi-
dent predicted a material reorgani-
zation and refining of the civilian
defense machinery in the near fu-
ture He would offer no hint Of
personal changes in this activity.
Asked about curtailment of pro-
duction for civilian needs as the war
effort steps up, the President denied
that this would reach a 100 per
cent point, pointing out that certain
essentials must continue.
Asking about the assertion OF
Prime Minister Churchill before the
Canadian Parliament today that
British and Canadian strength is
being dispatched to reinforce the
Dutch Indies, the President said that
was perfectly true. He declined any
detailed information.
The final stages of preparing the
budget program were under way
while congressional leaders already
were giving advanced thought to
unprecedented revenue needs and
tax legislation to cover such re-
Quirements.
Disney Has Plan.
For example, Representative Dis
ney, Democrat, of Oklahoma, mem
ber of the House Ways and Means
Committee. proposed that Congress
raise 000,000000 in new taxes
and borrowings, then make ST.
900, 1000, 900 cut in non-defense Fed
eral expenditures.
He said he believed it would be
possible to collect $4,000 ,000, 900 from
a per cent Withholding tax, the
same amount from a voluntary saw
ings program, $4,000 ,000, 900 from in
creased excess profits and $1,000
100000 through manufacturers
excise tax.
The committee plans to start hear
ings January Is on tax proposals,
but Mr.. Disney expressed the opin-
ion that the Treasury already
should have made some proposals
There's been not so much as the
scratch of a pen yet" he said.
Evening star., 1941-12-30
Russians Reported
Blasting Nazis From
Okla River Defenses
Offensive Is Declared
Still Under Way, With
Foe in Ponicky Retreat
By the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
MOSCOW, Dec. 30.-The Russians
have blasted German troops from
defenses on the Okla River, includ-
ing one elaborately fortified zone,
front dispatches to the newspaper
Pravda said today.
The correspondent said the Ger
mans had prepared trenches, dug
outs, barbed wire entanglements
and blockhouses in one sector, but
the Russians broke through De-
cember 18 in several places simul.
taneously after crossing the river.
The sector was not identified, but
probably referred to the river front
south of Moscow between Orel and
Kaluga.
In four other populated places
where the Germans had erected
Notifications Soviet troops broke
through, the correspondent said,
and the offensive is still under way
Units Keep Advancing.
"Our units keep steadfastly ad-
vancing," the newspaper said, de-
spite great efforts exerted by the
Germans to check the panicky flight
of their troops"
1t called December 81 one Of the
tensest days of fighting on the
southern front since the recapture
Of Rostov, with a battle for air
supremacy continuing all day. Es-
pecially heavy air combats took
place and the newspaper said Soviet
flyers destroyed 40 enemy tanks
about 300 trucks, 13 guns, 1,40O men
and officers and silenced several
artillery batteries.
The Soviet communique reported
700 Germans killed in one day,
flghtlng on an unnamed sector anc
said guerrillaS operating behinc
German lines in the Leningrad re.
gion blew up a staff trolley, killec
eight officers and wrecked railroad
tracks resulting in an accident tt
a 60-car train carrying tanks anc
trucks. Roads were mined to catch
unwary trucks and the detachment
claimed it had killed II officers, 2C
soldiers and IA spies in the las
few days.
Heavy Nazi Losses Reported.
The information bureau gave M
geographical details on the fightin,
in its early morning communique
but declared "the enemy is suffering
heavy losses"
Evening star., 1941-12-30
Gandhi, Opposing War
Backing, Resigns as
India Party Leader
Decides to Retain His
Freedom to Fight
All Violence
b. the Associated Press.

/
BARDOLI, India, Dec 30.-Mo-
handas K. Gandhi, long the leader
of India's independence movement,
was relieved today of his leadership
Of the All-India Congress Party at
his own request.
Gandhi decided TO retain his free
dom to oppose all violence and could
not go along with the majority OF
the party's Executive Committee in
step toward cooperation in
Britain's war effort.
Gandhi had written asking,
Please relieve me Of the response
bility laid upon me by the Bombay
resolution of September l6. 1910"
Previous Offer Withdrawn.
The party committee voted at
Bombay last year to withdraw
previous conditional offer TO CO.
| operate with Britain in the war
effort and invited Gandhi who
disagreed with the offer in the first
| place-to resume his party leader
ship with power Ito guide it in any
action that should be taken"
! Now the party and Gandhi have
differed again, and the little leader
in whom millions of Indians placed
their hopes for independence has
stepped aside unswervingly true TO
his principles of non-violent civil
disobedience.
Il must continue the civil DISC
bedience movement for freedom Of
speech against all wars with such
Congressman and others whom Sc
lect," Gandhis letter said.
The committees resolution made
clear that the shift toward collabo-
ration was dictated not by devotion
to Britain but, rather by sympathy
with peoples who are subjects Cf
aggression and who are fighting for
their freedom"
New World Situation.
Its resolution said in part:
While there has been no change
in British policy toward India. the
Working Committee must neverthe-
less take into consideration the new
world situation that has arisen by
developments of the war in the
world and its approach to India.
The sympathies Of the Congress
must inevitably lie with peoples who
are subjects of aggression and who
are fighting for their freedom. But
only a free and independent India
can be in a position to undertake the
defense of the country on national
basis and be of help in furtherance
of the larger causes that are emerg-
ing from the storm of war.
The whole BACKGROUND in India
is one of hostility and distrust OF
the British government. ana not
even the most far-reaching promises
can alter this background nor car
subject India offer voluntary OF
willing help to arrogant imperialism
which is undistinguishabl from
Fascist authoritarianism"
Gandhi Attends Sessions.
Gandhi attended the sessions Of
the committee. and the decision was
believed to have been reached with
out discord, Gandhi offering his
counsel but standing apart from
collaboration.
If terms are arranged with the
government. therefore, the powerful
Indian faction would align itself
with Britain now that war has come
to Indias borders.
There we're indications it would
offer to form a coalition national
government for the duration, prob
ably after trying to get new Lon
don declaration on India's postwar
status.
Evening star., 1941-12-30
Opening Of Congress
Postponed 10 Monday

The opening of the second session
of the present Congress will be post
poned from Saturday, the date set
by law, until Monday under a reso-
luton adopted by the House and
Senate today.
The resolution also provides that
the opening of the next Congress
in January, 1943, shall take place
on Monday, January 4.
Under the lame duck" amend
ment to the Constitution, Congress
must meet January 3 unless another
date is set by legislation. Senate
Majority Leader Barkley, who Of
fered the resolution changing the
dates of the openings of the next
two sessions, pointed out that Jan.
uary 3 falls this week on Saturday
and in 1943 on Sunday.
Evening star., 1941-12-30
RESORTS.
PUNTA GORDA, FLA.

FL 0KiDA - BEAUTIFUL 15-ROOM
home; nicely furnished. modern conven-
fences; hshermen's paradise: rent, $3.50
Gorda, f1a.
Evening star., 1941-12-30
Stowe
Continued From First Page0

tCONIlIluSu ! lIcV o6SI
administrators of the Burma road
traffic for more than a year. Le-
eions of ants have now rendered
these blankets useless, but even be-
fore they were destroyed and while
no effort was being made to move
them the Chinese solicited more
blankets from the American lease
lend.
'War Materials" Slip Through.
For several months 100000 new
blankets have been arriving here
with each lease-lend shipload. AS
a result of the Burma road racket
tens of thousands of tons Of private
corltraband have been moved into
China during the past three years
while as many thousands OF tons
of essential war materials have been
left in Burma or along the road.
Hundreds of mptorcars have been
sent into China, where they were
sold to wealthy Chinese, whether
politicians or private citizens, at
to 10 times their normal sales price.
In Running, while I was there, a
new Buick sold for between 5000
and 5000 American dollars. Snug
gled whisky brought $40 and some
times even $50 a bottle. Perfume for
wives or concubines was almost
priceless.
Hundreds and probably thousands
of trucks loaded with such luxuries
have slipped over the Burma Roads
750-mile route from Lashio to
Running labeled as war materials"
or marked as destined for govern
mental agencies, while share OF the
profits was distributed along the
line. Nobody knows how many mil
honaires have been made thanks to
the Burma Road scandal, but the
total certainly runs into several mil
lions of dollars. All these are facts
which have been long notorious both
in China and Burma.
In addition there has never been
real police control or patrol along
the Burma Roads extended Chinese
section. Trucks have been con-
tinually plundered or stripped of
their vital parts or have disappeared
altogether. Assaults upon drivers
and robbery always have been COM
mon. while many murders have been
committed and the arrest Of the
murderers virtually unheard of, If
such ever happened.
Lorry Driver Slain.
During the first week in December
a United States Navy supply truck
was proceeding up the road behind
another lorry when a huge Chinese
armored car rammed the lorry,
which was entirely on its own side
of the road. A dozen Chinese
soldiers in the armored car jumped
out, hauled the lorry's driver from
his seat, beat and kicked him. One
eoldiers grabbed an iron hammer
used for cracking rock beside the
Evening star., 1941-12-30
Held in Gripping Roid Siren

NORFOLK. Va. Dec 80 (P)-
Charged with slashing lead
sheathing on cables controlling the
siren alarm system at the Norfolk
Navy Yard. John Henry Bond, a
painters helper. was sent to the
Federal grand jury by United States
Commissioner Harry A. Brinkley.
after hearing yesterday in Federal
District Court.
Evening star., 1941-12-30
Congress Heading
For Record Session
Of 368 Days
BY the Associated Press.

by tne AsSOCldteQ FfeSss
The current session Of Con-
gress will be the longest-368
days-in the history of the ma
tional legislature If the start Of
the new session is delayed until
January S, as leaders plan.
The present record is 366 days
for last years session.
The 1918 World War Con-
gress met 354 days and made
appropriations and contract au-
thorizations aggregating $685.
000, 100000.
Appropriations and contract
authorizations approved in the
present session total $6l ,500,-
100000.
Evening star., 1941-12-30

Churches Targets
In MuniIo Ruids

The War Department issued
the tollo,Ding con1nuunique today
outlining the military situation
as OF $50 am
/. Philippine theater:
A survey of the damage done
to undefended Manila by the re-
peated, senseless and savage
bombing by japanese aircraft
after it had been declared an
open city has been practically
completed. This survey indicates
that churches and other centers
of Christian worship and culture
were deliberately selected as spe-
cial targets for enemy attacks.
These edifces were of a dis
tinctive type of architecture, and
their character could not have
been mistaken. Before the brutal
assaults were begun, Japanese
bombing planes flew low over the
city, obviously selecting the build
ings which were subsequently
bombed. In many Of the churches
attacked, devout residents of
Manila had gathered for sane
tuary and solace within the hal
lowed cloisters.
Among the buildings destroyed
were churches and shrines where
MANY generations had Wor-
SHIPPED for centuries. The beau
tiful old church Of Santo Do
mingo, with its priceless art
treasures and venerated relics,
is now a heap of smoking ruins
before which relays of black
robed priests are continually
praying for their people.
The great Cathedral of the
Immaculate Conception was a
special target for Japanese
bombs. 1t was sought out and
attacked on three successive
days. The college of San Juan
Lateran with it's irreplacable
library of original manuscripts
was likewise attacked. Repeated
attacks on successive days were
made on Santa Rosa Convent
and Santa Catalina Convent.
The San Juan de Dios Hospital
was also the object of vicious
attacks. In addition at least
five other churches and three
colleges supported by religious
institutions were either destroyed
or damaged in the air raids.
In this connection the War
Department is in receipt of the
following radiogram from Gen.
Douglas Macarthur. command
ing the United States Army
forces in the Far East, comment
ing on these recent bombings:
Enemy mercilessly bombed the
open city Of Manila using 63
bombers. Damage has been Sc
we're and includes all types of
civilian installations such as
churches, the cathedral, hospi-
tails, converts, business and pri-
vate dwellings. It is notable that
before Manila was declared an
open city and before our anti
aircraft defense evacuated there
from he had abstained from at
tempted bombing of anything in
Manila except military installa-
tions. His present actions can
only be deemed completely viola
tive of all the civilized processes
of international law. At the
proper time I bespeak due re-
taliatory measures"
2. There is nothing to report
from other areas.
The tert of a War Departme1
conmuniQue, issued yesterday, ou
lining the Philippine military situt
ton as OF pm. fE. S. IT, IS an
Tuesday, Manila time), tollotcs:
l. Philippine theater: A very
large force of enemy aircraft
bombed the coast defense of Ma
Mia Bay continuously for three
hours. At least four japanese
bombers were shot down by anti
/ aircraft batteries.
No important ground operation!
were reported from either tht
Lingayen or Atimonan sectors.
There is nothing to report from
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-05-16
BIi+zkrieg Booty

reuniting Germans, the absorption
of Austria. which had been admit
teddy mangled by the Versailles
Treaty. brought into the new
Germania iron ore. timber. mag
nestle. graphite. tale and lead.
Though Germany's reconquest of
Lorraine and her access to Swedish
iron ore limit the importance of
the Austrian ore reserves, Aus
tria's iron ore is of value because
it is OF low sulphur and phos-
phorus content. comparing with
the best Swedish ore and produc-
ing a fine quality of steel.
But in quantity the compare
lively small Austrian resources
amount to only one-eightieth of
the overall Reich requirements.
After giving effect to improved
technique which has recently been
introduced, Austria will only be
capable of producing 3 per cent of
the total German needs.
SUPPLY OF ZINC
On the other hand. Austria Is
able TO meet Germany's full
graphite requirements, and, po-
tentially, Austria also can make
the new United States of Europe
self sufficient in respect to tale.
Austria likewise produces S per
cent of Teuton lead requirements.
Czecho-Slovakia can satisfy z
per cent of Gerinany's need for
zinc. 1t also has iron ore deposits
in the Slany district of Bohemia
and the Spis Gener territory of
Slovakia.
However. the country is impor-
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-05-16
War Economy
Called Step TO
Sound Policies
BY LEWIS HANEY

Professor of Economics. N. Y. Universfty
One hopeful thing about a
war economy" is that it may
become the means of leading us
back to real economy and sound
economics. 1t may actually end
the unsound economic expert
ments of the last 10 years.
For one. thing. it is going TO
teach the bureaucrats much
about the complexity of Geo.
nomic life. and the parts that
prices and costs play IN produc-
ton. 1t is most certainly going
TO show the basic Importance of
production.
Not long ago, the boys at
Washington decided that it is
desirable TO have more meat.
lard and dairy products pro-
duced. Such supplies are needed
for Britain and for our army
and navy. So they resorted to
the sound business policy of al
lowing higher prices on these
products in order 10 stimulate
production. They even went be-.
yond that and gave some asSur-
ances to livestock raisers that
feed would be abundant and
cheap.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-05-16
Pass Parity Loans

Now come the growers OF feed
crops and want theirs. They
want higher prices too. So they
go TO work on Washington and
induce Congress to do some
price boosting for them. Hence
the IS per cent Of parity" loans
which Congress has just agreed
to.
But higher prices for corn
mean higher costs of feeding
livestock. Higher costs of feed
ing livestock means less profits
In raising cattle and hogs. Less
profits mean less production.
Thus when the government
goes in for aiding" one group
of farmers 1t becomes involved
In aiding all. When it fixes one
price. IL finds itself compelled to
fix others.
This Is much the same lesson
we are learning about labor
policy. The administration finds
that we need more ships for war
purposes and it calls for an all
out" effort to supply ships.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-05-16
Dividends

s. II. Kress & Co. declared q
dividend of 40 cents on common,
payable June ID, to stock of record
May "a. The same amount was
paid March IA. Also declared was
an interim dividend of IN cents
on 6 per cent, $40 par, special pre-
ferred. payable June Ia. to stock
of record May "a.
Hazeltine Corporation declared
a regular quarterly dividend of IS
cents. payable June 16. to stock of
record June 2.
Chicago Flexible Shaft Com
pany declared a dividend of S1.50,
payable June 30, to stock of rec
ord June 20. A similar amount
was paid March 81.
Abbott Laboratories declared an
extra dividend of 10 cents and a
regular quarterly dividend of 40
cents on common. both payable
June 30 to stock of record June u.
A similar extra was paid
March 81.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-05-16
(Aus vnAS Industry Must Interpret
OA A1OS Itself to Consumers
BY b. C. FORBES

Customers will need reasons
for shortages, for higher prices,
for substitutions, for changes
from their accustomed buying
habits. And upon tho clarity and
the integrity with which adver-
Using performs this task the
future Of industry may depend.
advertising OF companies
producing partly to meet GILL;
ian and partly to meet defense
needs should explain tho why's
and wherefors of the change
over process, making II clear In
whatever direction tho weight
of production falls that the pub
lie interest il recognized.
Those companies producing
both for consumer and defense
needs must scquaint the public
with the scope and progress Of
their defense activities. Com
panies whose entire productive
effort II devoted to defense will
have need to maintain their
namo and reputation against tho
timo when their normal produc-
ton Is resumed"
He summed it all up by de-
claring that, IL the right kind of
advertising be employed, it will
contribute helpfully to defense
to the things that make for a
better world tomorrow"
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-05-16
Labor Is Chief Cost

But apparently it forgets that
labor is one Of the chief costs of
xhipbuilding.
1t now finds its ship program
endangered by serious strikes.
Labor wants a higher price for
its services.
1t is even possible that, before
we get through. it may be found
that the increased cost of steel
plates, resulting from higher
wages for steel labor, may re-
tard the shipbuilding program.
You see, efficiency in produc-
ton is the essence of war prepa-
ration-or of defense" if YOU
please. We can't merely have
airplanes ION order" We cant
merely appropriate money for
battleships. We can't legislate
tanks into existence. Produc-
ton is necessary.
We are being forced to see.
not only the futility of mere
spending. but also the neces-
sity of saving. If you don't be-
lieve this, just ask yourself why
it is that the government is now
trying so hard TO find some
scheme that will keep laborers
from spending their increased
pay rolls. and also TO make
them buy saving stamps.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-05-16
Shortsiehted

Executives so minded take
only the short view. Sufficient
for the day are the orders
thereof. They haven't vision
enough to look forward to the
time when war orders will
cease, 10 the time when they
will go bankrupt if they have
done not one thing to preserve
the goodwill of the customers
who made their enterprise
possible.
Happily. all concerns are
not so shortsighted. Some are
acutely conscious that they must
exert supreme efforts to soften
the disappointment many of
their customers viii suffer.
The attitude of the enlightened
group was lucidly. convincingly.
pointingly pictured yesterday by
Paul Garrett. vice president and
director of public relations Of
General Motors. His answer to
the question, should advertis-
ing be dropped or curtailed ?"
was a most emphatic moi"
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-05-16
Carrying On

About aid to Hitler's enemies,
yes. Avoidable black-out of
peace-time business, no. The
show must go on"
Washington should not become
blind to the fact that it cannot
hope to collect adequate billions
in taxes if our economy is reck-
lessly. unnecessarily. blasted.
This nation is big enough, re-
sourceful enough, to fill all
needful defense requirements
without blitzkrieging business,
the goose which lays the golden
eggs so essential to meeting our
governments appalling expendi-
lures.
Copyright. 1871. by B. c. Forbes
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-05-16
Factor

Us advertising at n time like
the present patriotice" he asked.
"Should advertising be cut In
the interests of econ o y?
Should consumer demand ut a
time like this be stimulated =? Is
advertising needless effort in
case demand for goods exceeds
supply:
advertising basically Is a
vital part Of our economy
equally important with design
ing. engineering, produ ton.
Ask should advertising be aboi-
ished?' And you must ask
should dealers be abolished q or
Should sales forces be dis
banded:' or Should our process
Of distribution be overthrown?