davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Chronicle-star the Moss Point advertiser., 1941-10-17
READ THE CLASSIFIED

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lhes eolsz=z Want Aas ars shs nsa=ul -
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The Chronicle-star the Moss Point advertiser., 1941-10-17

In giving an item last week re-
garding guests at little Rita Joe
Walkers birthday dinner. the name
Of little Miss Rosemary Ramsay
wNs inadvertently omitted.
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1941-03-29

There we're calls" and dinners back
and forth, for the exigencies OF COM
petition we're never permitted to inter-
fere with the amenities which are nat
urally observed between man and man.
Factor Lives in style
At Fort Union, for example, Kenneth
Mckenzie, the factor. lived in the
most sumptuous style, and there we're
many European courts in smaller ma
lions where rules Of etiquette were not
50 nicely observed as they were at MS
establishment. All of his clerks and
employees we're furnished with broad
cloth suits, and many of the leading
men at the post dressed with the great
est precision. No one was permitted 10
sit at the table who was not properly
attired. and no one took his seat untl
Mckenzie had taken his place at the
head OF the board. o-
When Fort Manuel was built In l8OI'
life at the fort was on a cruder basis,
and the first consideration was SAFETY
of the garrison; the second, the Sc
curing of enough furs to warrant Lisa s
carrying out his plans for expansion
the next year.
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1941-03-29
MOUNTAIN NAMED
FOR INDIAN CHIEF

Kaikaishee. chief OF the Fqatheads.
died In 1923 at the home OF his SON
in-law. Antoine Finley near Arlee II
Is not generally known that one OF the
most picturesque mountains Of western
Montana stands as a monument TO his
name, but here is how II came about
It was in the month Of July 1906 a
weeks dance and feast was being held
on the open fiat on the east bench
OF Mission creek near St Ignatius It
was the Fourth Of July celebration. and
on big scale for the Indians. A large
circle OF tepeeS with the Sinyaliamin
(Mission) mountains for a background,
presented a beautiful and picturesque
sight in the brilliant July sun.
It seemed that all Of the Indians,
young and old. were in holiday dress
knew very few OF the Indians, and
II was four days before a photog-
picture After the first one they came
very rapidly.
White men inquired who the distin-
guished looking Indian was and were
told he was a much venerated Judge,
whose decisions on Indian affairs were
very impartial. and In whom the IN
dams had much confidence. named
KaiSaLshee
He very kindly granted permission
W DC AllutpHl dAllitus MAtAAuut COlupCn-
sation. In recompense several prints
were sent him.
A year later three University Of
Montana men climbed the unnamed
mountains on the north side Of the
canyon through which flows the stream
which makes the beautiful Elizabeth
falls. east of St Ignatius. The noun
tain Immediately north OF the stream
and canyon is double, the higher sum-
NIT being farthest to the east. From
the valley they blend as one. Between
the two SUBMITS is q deep and pre-
cipitous gorge with stunning cliffs.
The western summit. showing plainly
from the valley for miles In every
direction. was named Kaikaishee, in
honor Of the Indian whose photograph
had been taken the year before.
Cameroid reading gives the height
of Mount Arthur as $500 feet Kali
kaishee as 1900. The height above the
valley Is over a mile vertically From
the summit a grand panorama is I'M
folded, extending northward TO and
including much of Flathead lake The
Sinyaliamin (MiSsion) mountains are
very imposing, making a profound i'm
preston.
The great basin east Of Kaikaishee
and Arthur, from which comes the
water which tumbles over Elizabeth
falls Is exposed to view, with great
cliffs. snow fields, timber belts and
gashed mountains The rock layers are
OF variegated colors, red and yellow
predOminating, the tints depending on
whether the rocks are wet or dry, in
sunlight or shadow.
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1941-03-29
ROGERS HIGHWAY
TO BE FINISHED

Construction OF Rogers pass sections
of Central Montana highway will con-
tinue as planned, w. H. Lynch, district
engineer OF the public roads admins
tration. said.
Rumors followed the rejection OF
bids on the Stearns south section that
the work might be deferred, Lynch
said. He positively denied that there
is any such intention.
This project is on the federal aid
highway system and 1t must be carried
to ultimate completion" Lynch in
sisted. THE United States has too
much money invested in the work now
to defer It,"
Highway engineers said that bids
were rejected on the section near
Stearns because they exceeded the en-
gineers estimates by $4,000.
IAN effort Is being made TO match
all federal aid funds available so that
none will lapse and be lost to Mon
tana June 3d." Lynch said
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1941-03-29

pretentious company which continued
his work the following year.
Form Missouri Company
1t was probably in August, 1903, that
Lisa reached st. Louis on his return,
and by the following spring he had
interested 10 men in a new and larger
concern, which was incorporated May
8, 1909, under the name Of the st.
Loui Missouri Fur Co, but was gen.
orally known as the Missouri Fur Co.
Fort Manuel, Manuel's fort or Lisa's
fort, as Montana's first establishment
was variously known, was typical Of
the trading posts that followed 1t at
different points in what is now Mon
tana during the half-century after its
establishment The number of these
that we're built and operated for great
er or less periods Of time seems today
almost incredible. In 1843 there were
in existence In the upper river country
no less than $50 occupied or abandoned
posts. The names of more than 100
have been recovered. Some Of these
were really great establishments and
lasted many years; others we're tenn
"orary affairs. being occupied only for
a season or two. Abandoned sites were
frequently reoccupied by different
companies, who christened them with
new names.
Buried in Oblivion
BY far the greater number of these
forts lay along the Missouri river, and
a glance at one Of the old maps will
show a croWding of names that even
modern settlement scarcely equals.
Most of the names have long been
buried in oblivion, and are here resur-
rected as from the tomb Of history
Many are permanently lost, while
others cannot be cleared of uncertain
ty as to their true location and own
ership. Many of the names are per-
petuated in towns and villages which
have grown up on o. near the old
sites. Others that should have survived
on account of their great Importance
have passed entirely out of common
knowledge.
Fort Manuel was of about the same
type of construction as most of the
others. The ground plan was a rec
tangle. but the length Of sides Is not
known. These forts generally varied
from 100 to 400 feet. For protection
the fort was enclosed with strong walls
Of wood, or palisades, made of pickets /
from IL to Is feet high and from to
inches thick. In some cases the 1
pickets were squared and set close to- /
gether; IN others they were half-round /
pieces formed by saving logs In half /
They were set from two to three feet
In the ground and earth was banked 1
up to a small height against them. In
some forts there were musketry loop
holes along the top Of this embank-
pent. For the purpose Of guard duty
and also for active defense a plank
walk was bracketed to the inside of
the pickets about four feet below the
top, so that senttnels could walk there
and observe the ground outside
The main reliance for defense con-
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1941-03-29
CHIEF PUT DENT
IN GOPHER CLAN
STORY HE KILLED 1000 RODENTS
DOUBTED; HE GOES OUT
AND KILLS s,215

Twenty years ago Montana thought
that 1t had found the worlds cham
pion gopher killer In Chief Oscar Split
Ears a Blackfeet chieftain ON the res
ervation at Browning.
At a tribal council in the office OF
the reservation agent, several Of the
chiefs turned the talk TO gopher kill
ing, each reporting the determination
Of large numbers Of the prairie rodents.
Split-E Ears startled the group when
It came his turn, by calmly annoUmc-
ing that he had killed 1900 gophers
since the snow left the ground. The
others asked for proof Of this and
laughed politely when Split-Ears said
he had buried the tails-always re-
tanned for proof-and would have diff
ficulty IN locating them.
After the conference, Split-Ears dis
appeared and was not seen around the
agency until one day when he came
TO the office carrying a 35-foot rope
to which were attached 5,215 gopher
tails.
Il couldn't find the tails buried, I"
the chief told the agent through an
interpreter, so I went out and killed
some more gopherz."
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1941-03-29

sisted Of two bastions or blockhouSes,
as they were commonly called, placed
at diagonally opposite corners Of the
fort. They were square in plan, IS TO
Is feet on a side, with two stories, and
were generally covered with a roof
The lower floor was a few feet above
the level Of the ground and was loop
holed for small artillery, which all the
more important posts possessed. Above
the artillery floor was another for the
musketry defense, with about three
loop holes on each exposed face. The
blockhouse stood entirely outside Of
the main enclosure. its inner corner
joining the corner of the fort so that
1t flanked two sides; that Is, the de-
tenders in each bastion could fire along
the outer face of two sides of the fort
and thus prevent any attempt to scale
or demolish the walls.
A fort thus constructed was very
strong and was practically impregna-
bic to an enemy without artillery.
There is no record of successful siege
of any stockaded fort in the entire
history Of the fur trade Of the Mis-
souri,.
Near most of the river posts there
was some spot selected where timber
was plentiful, at which pickets and
llulADSA AOL Tic pOobo WCIC ulauCt Vic
mack1naw boats and canoes built and
such other work done as the estab-
lishment required These places were
called "chantiers," the French for
shipyard, and the name has survived
in one or two places, as at Chantier
creek, IN South Dakota, and Shonkin
creek, which was first called Chantier
creek, little below Fort Benton, In
Montana.
Life at the Forts
Life at these trading posts, buried
as they were In the depths of the
a thousand miles, often,
from the nearest settlement, could
not but be dull, uninteresting and
lonely. Few were the diversions that
came to enliven the humdrum life Of
The garrison, yet occasionally there
we're excitement and hilarity to spare.
For the most part the steady routine
If work kept up day by day-receiving
and dismissing bands Of Indians who
came In to trade, watching the coun- |
ny for signs Of buffalo, and when they |
anne, sending hunting parties out for |
neat; preparing and diSpatching the /
winter express to st. Louis, cutting the |
wood for the annual steamboat at such |
)oStS as we're on the river; keeping !
accounts, journals and correspondence
II the post, and baling and pressing
Irs for st. Louis.
buffalo Hunting Diversion
Occasionally distinguished visitors
)assed weeks or months at the larger
DoSts, adding a new and interesting
lement to life. Hunting was the one
reat diversion, and IN this the buffalo
base stood supreme.
At many Of the more important
rading points there were competing
Establishments, and a degree Of social
Intercourse was kept up between them
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1941-03-29

bank he ordered his cannon and mus
kets to be discharged in one grand
volley, carefully aiming, however, away
from the red men. The ASsinniboines
were appalled, at the sight and sound
, and fell over each other in their panic
to get to the hills. A few of the chiefs
and warriors remained and asked TO
smoke the pipe Of peace. The usual
ceremonies were gone through with,
presents were distributed and protes-
tations of friendship were exchanged,
after which the little party resumed
its Journey, quite safe so far as this
tribe was concerned.
Builds First Fort
Lisa apparently reached the mouth
Of the Yellowstone without further
encounters Of a serious nature with
the Indians, and halted for a time at
that spot where later was to stand
Fort Union, one of the greatest of
all western fur-trading establishments,
He then started to ascend the Yellow
stone river, pushing on till he reached
the mouth Of the Big Horn river, where
he began construction of fort which
was TO be known variously as Fort
Manuel, Fort Lisa and Manuel's post
No relic of it has survived, unfortu-
nately, and the exact spot where 1t
stood Is unknown, but to it belongs
the honor of being the first American
trading post established on the upper
rivers and the first building erected
within the limits of the present state
of Montana It stood on the boundary
line of the present counties of Yellow
stone and Treasure, at about the point
where the postoffice of Big Horn is
located The nearest town Of any size
to the location of this first trading post
is Hysham.
Golfers Advice Wrong
Lisa had made a false move in as
cending the Yellowstone instead of the
Missouri, considering that one of his
chief purposes was to open a trade
with the Blackfeet. Lisa probably did
not realize the far-reaching conse-
quences of this act at the time and
very likely assembled the Yellowstone
on the advice of Golfer, who had found
1t a good fur country and who had
had little occasion TO observe the po-
litical situation Of the various tribes.
OF Lisa's operations during the fol-
lowing winter nothing Is known ex-
cept as they were connected with the
adventures Of John Golfer. The latter,
when sent out by Lisa to find the
Crow and Blackfeet tribes and inform
them of opportunity to trade at the
new post, had the most remarkable
series Of adventures experienced by any
white man in western history, and was
the first white discoverer Of the Yell
lowstone wonderland with all its mar
vels.
1t is known, however, that Lisa's |
efforts to open up trade with the !
Crows were successful, and that the /
of the years business was
Lisa returned to st. Louis /
IN the spring Of 1908 elated with his /
success. The glowing accounts brought
back by him bore fruit in the more
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1941-03-29
TrGppers of Montana
Pour $4,000 in Cash
Into State Treasury

Montana's fur trappers have poured
nearly $4,000 into state Golfers during
the past six months, state fish and
game department records show.
A survey of permits issued showed
875 permits had been obtained by men
trapping mink, muskrat. fox and mar
ten, while 1088 special beaver trapping
permits were sent out from the de-
partment.
Both classes Of permit cost $40.
A secondary class Of trapping per-
NIT allowing landowners TO trap only
on their own property costing 81, were
issued to 750 persons.
Beaver permits. allowing the taking
of varied numbers Of beaverton 5
to 20-indicated a banner beaver trap
ping year, department attaches said.
The marten season ended Feb. /,
while the mink, muskrat and fox sea-
sons will close April is. The general
trapping season opened Dec. /.
ne q Careful UrfveF
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1941-03-29
State Tax Experts VIII Help
BY Explaining Income Forms

State income tax employees who as
sist taxpayers in preparing their re-
turns are not required to include cler-
ical work in the preparation Of sched-
ules but are expected only to explain
the laws pertaining TO income and de-
duction items, L. @. Bolton, assistant
to the state board Of equalization, said.
Bolton explained that where no long
schedules are necessary, income tax
employees do prepare returns because
it requires less time than to explain to
the taxpayer how the return should
be prepared. Both state and federal
laws require the taxpayer to keep
record OF all income received and from
whom received and a record Of ali paw
ments claimed as deductions.
This does not mean that you are
required TO keep complete book rec
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1941-03-29

Be a Careful Driver
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1941-03-29
Who Wants to Tackle
Rocky Mountain Goat

The state fish and game depart
ment win try to transplant 8 or 10
mountain goats TO the Crazy noun
tain area north of Livingston.
Bob COoney, state big game man
ager, said the Teton region west Of
ChOteau and the mountain range
south Of PhiIipSburg have been Sc
Iected as the best places for the
attempt to catch the high-ranging
animals.
'Ttu be a job" Bob said. "Any
grid star wanting publicity Is free
to tackle a goat on a cliff"
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1941-03-29
CreIU of WreckerS
ErGses Old TOIUn

A wrecking crew has just about
erased Mcdonald, in Sanders cOun-
~, an oIdtime rail point, one of the
oldest towns along the Northern
Pacific railroad in that section OF
Montana.
Only skeletons now remain OF the
towns last two buildings, a section
house and a clubhouse. After be-
ing sold by the railroad, the struc-
lures were dismantled and moved
to Moiese.
Mcdonald came into existence In
the early I880's.
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1941-03-29

ord Of all items only insofar as such
a record viii fully explain total re-
ceipts and disbursements. It will be
impossible for us, during this period
to go through books or other cards and
segregate income and deductions We
viii gladly explain to you in a gen
eral way how to segregate these items"
Both federal and state laws provide
that records must be kept for all de-
auctions claimed and taxpayers are
warned not TO expect claim deductions
unless they have records. Final day
for filing state income tax returns is
April Is.
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1941-03-29
Governor PrOcLGinls
ADriL 8 ArnlV Dan

Gov. Sam G. Ford has Issued a proc
lamation calling upon Montanans TO
observe April 6 as army day"
Calling attention to the residents OF
this state now in training camps IN
support of the national defense pro-
gram, the governor said. I'm the cir
cumstances Montana can enter into the
observance Of the day with a genuine
interest"
-a5---
Sixty percent Of Swit7erland's 1910
canned milk exports went to Germany.
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1941-03-29

Bmchuck,- OJawish calls himself
human dynamo.
Dzudi-No wonder; everything he
has On is charged.
Evening star., 1941-01-20
~z#
Our Largest Civilian Agency
The Postal System Desc
A Marvel of Efficiency
By Frank g.. Walker.

Postmaster General Of the United States
Y N the short time that have been Post
master General I have come to have a
deep respect for that vast organization
which comprises our United States Postal
Service.
Like so many thousands of Americans, I
had used the many facilities of the Post
Office Department from the earliest days of
my youth but never once had I taken the
trouble to inquire into the background OF
this great Government utility.
Not until I became Postmaster General did
have even the slightest conception of the
magnitude and scope of this vast enterprise,
which has played such vital role in the
economic, social and industrial history of
this Nation.
Never before did I realize that the Post
Office Department offered so many and
varied services to its patrons, but what
priSed me most the volume of business
transacted annually within the more than
fortyfive thousand post Offices of the land.
We can have some idea as to the size of
the Post Office Department when we pause
to consider that during the past fiscal year
postal revenues amounted to $766 948 626 "A,
which incidentally represents a new all-time
high in this respect.
AS a result of these ecord-breaking reve-
nues, the department showed q net oper-
ating postal surplus of $l8 609 036 Oh, with
'"enect to those services which rendered
Evening star., 1941-01-20

to the public for hire. This, I feel is a
healthy sign. 1t indicates that for that part
of its services which are available to the
public, the Post Office Department has sue
ceeded in more than paying its own way, and
that 1t is no longer necessary for the tax
payers of the Nation to underwrite any part
of the cost of conducting this great system
of communication.
The Post Office Department today ranks
as the largest civilian agency of the Federal
Government, with its 800 600 postal employees.
AS for the service itself, it comprises our
largest savings bank through its postal saw
ings system, our largest system for the trans
fer of money through its money order
system, our largest express business through
its parcel post system, our largest agency
available to the people for the investment of
their savings in Government bonds through
its sale of the so-called baby bonds it en-
ploys the largest network of transportation
lines, it maintains the country's largest mo-
tor vehicle fleet and it serves as the Nations
largest real estate agency through its custody
of the Nations Federal buildings.
FROM the earliest days of the republic the
Postal Service has played prominent role
in the development and the expansion of the
country 1t was the old post-route riders who
provided the only means of communication
among the isolated settlements along the
Atlantic seaboard in the days preceding the
Revolutionary War.
When the new Nations frontiers were
pushed westward across the AIeghenies it
likewise was the post-route riders who en-
abled the hardy pioneers to keep in touch
with their friends. relatives and commercial
outlets along the Eastern Coast
Years later it was the Pony Express riders
whose daring exploits in carrying the mails
across Tie Western plains made it possible
Morgan County Democrat. (McConnelsville, Ohio) 1886-1943, 1941-10-02
OPERATION BY DIR. c. l.. HAIR.
MER ATTRACTS ATTENTION

DR.. c. l.. Harmer of Danville,
Knox county, brother of Mrs. O. P.
Lindsay of this place, is receiving
wide publicity for an operation he
performed in the glow of a flash
light, when he cut off the foot of a
girl pinned in car, early Tuesday
morning.
Miss Vera Diersing of Columbus
and w. A. Jackson of Los Angeles,
Calf, were injured when their car
struck bridge near Mt. Vernon.
Steel from the bridge, damaged in
the accident, had the woman pinned
to the car Efforts to pry her loose
from the wreckage failed, and as
last resort a blow torch was sug-
gested, but the man owning one,
refused to use it since he feared it
would burn her.
DR.. Harmer states that when he
arrived her foot was already two
thirds severed, and said when the
steel was partially lifted, unless re-
moved quickly, she would die of
hemorrhage, and the only thing to
do was to amputate. Dr. Harmer
was assisted by his wife and a train
ed nurse, near whose home the acci-
dent happened. The doctor gave
her hypodermic injection of NOR
phine, and then amputated, the op-
GRAFTON taking about six minutes.
A man held a f1ashlight.
The wound was filled with gravel
and dirt and after taking her to a
Mt. Vernon hospital, was again op-
Grated upon. She is getting along
fine. DR.. Harmer, son of the late
County Commissioner and Mrs. Tom
Harmer, was born near Pennsville