davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1941-10-03
Harvard Professor
Advises Separation
OF Press and Radio
Better if Public Gets
Information From Varied
Sources, F. c. c. Told

The Federal Communications
Commission, seeking the opinion of
intellectuals at its inquiry into the
problem of whether newspapers
should own radio stations, heard
today from C. J. Friedrich, profess
sor of government at Harvard Uni
verslty, a plea for diversity in the
control of information channels as
a safeguard to democracy.
The more democratic eetup," he
said, would be to have radio sta
tions separate from newspapers"
Prof. Friedrich warned against
monopoly in opinion" which he
saw as drift toward totalitarian-
ism. He added:
THE average man in the street,
in whom I have great confidence,
will be best able to exercise his
civic functions if he gets informa-
ton from as many sources as pos
sible.'
One Newspaper Towns.
But Prof Friedrich, who has made
special research in the field of cOm-
munications and conducts SEM
mar on the subject at the Harvard
graduate school, explained:
Il am no believer in the apDliCa-
ton of abstract social theories 10
facts"
Some towns, he said he realized,
will support only one newspaper
each and to try to force another
paper on such town would mean
no newspapers at all.
While he did not express cate
gorical opposition to all newspaper
owned radio stations, Prof. Friedrich
said the presumption should favor
diversity Of ownership and the COM
mission should put the burden on
newspaper applicant to prove he
should own a radio station.
What is Public Opinion?
Asked at one point in the interro-
cation about public opinion, the pro-
fessor said:
81 don't know what public opinion
Is. One guess is as good as another.
When people speak of public opinion
they usually refer to those that
agree with them, to what they be-
ieve the public ought to think"
Newspapers, he added, have be-
come increasingly production
enterprise and the man who starts
a newspaper today must have capi-
tai, must be businessman, in con-
tradistinction to the early days of
the republic when an editor started
a paper to advocate certain political
principles.
Crusaders Barred.
Radio, he said, has barred the
crusading editor on the ground that
households do not want their fire.
sides invaded by violently contro-
versial issues.
Presentation of news, he pointed
out, is a matter of selection, since
it is impossible to print or broadcast
everything, and the more diversity
there is in compiling this news, the
better for the public.
THE public does not get what it
wants, he insisted, either from the
press or the radio"
He blamed chain newspapers to
an extent for the collapse of democ-
racy in Europe.
Evening star., 1941-10-03
German Guns in France
Bombord Dover Shippinq

FOLKESTONE, England. Oct. 3
tPl.-German guns on the French
coast roared into action at noon
today in heavy bombardment OF
shipping through Dover Strait.
Britisfers crowding the cliffs on
the English shore saw huge water
spouts shoot up as shells burst
around ships dimly visible in the sea
mist. Explosions shook buildings
along the Kent Coast
A German plane apparently was
spotting for the guns, and a British
Spitfire swept out at high altitude
in search of it. The gunfire stopped
q ftar short time
Evening star., 1941-10-03

'OO4iIllidCo lOIl L II oJ dkCp
formation on the exact number Of
executions carried out to date.
Advices yesterday indicated that
death sentences had been imposed
on 100 persons. 1t was not clear,
however, how many Of those had
been executed and it was possible
that those shot last night were
among the 130 listed previously as
convicted.
13 Listed ~ Executed.
The German radio, quoting COM
petent Prague sources, named 13
editors and retired army officers
among others it said were put to
death in the Bohemia -Moravia pro-
tectorate Wednesday. The broad
cast was heard in New York.
An unstated number whose names
have not been announced, it said,
included members of a Czech trade
organization which, on a wholesale
basis, collected arms" to aid in an
uprising,
Among the l3 were three retired
generals, Mikulas Tomazar. Oleg
Swatek and Weizel Sara. and two
editors, both said to have been high
in illegal Communist activities, Karl
Elsnic and Franz Krizek.
The German radio also listed re-
tired 1t. Coils. Franz Dedip and
Franz Ambros, retired Coils. Joseph
DAILY, Franz Pohunq and Joseph
Dvorka, retired Capt. Ottma Ruzk
and retired Mai. Frank Kirzek.
Three more accused persons were
reported in Berlin acquitted by a
German court at Prague, bringing
to eight the number thus far listed
as eXonerated.
Sabotage System Revealed.
The plot to which Gen. Elias was
linked was said to have included an
attempt to disorganize the food sup
ply system in major industrial
centers. Complaints from persons
unable to obtain the full amount
of meat called for on ration tickets
disclosed a widespread program Of
sabotage, the Germans said.
In another part of German
occupied Europe, the Netherlands,
the commander of German forces
announced three persons had been
executed by firing squad following
their conviction by German court
martial as ringleaders of a Dutch
sabotage and espionage organization.
A fourth person also was con-
demned to death but the sentence
was commuted to life imprisonment
because of his mental inferiority, -
adviceS from The Hague said. An
unspecified number of defendants
received lengthy prison sentences.
1t was announced further in the
Deutsche Zeitung in Den Nieder-
landen of october l that a Dutch
man had been condemned to death
Evening star., 1941-10-03
Raids
Continued From First Page.)

to identify themselves to their anti
aircraft batteries.
The government announced that
three of the Nazi night raiders had
been shot down, but acknowledged
the attacks had caused damage and
number of asualties-how many
it did not say.
Bombs also fell in other scattered
areas. including Southeast Scotland,
a communique declared. but no cas-
ualties were reported there.
In daylight operations yesterday,
the Royal Air Force shot down six
German planes in two sweeps over
the continent, the Air Ministry said.
Evening star., 1941-10-03
CherryduIe Methodists

The Methodist Young Fellowship
Of the Cherrydale Methodist Church
will hold its annual meeting at the
home of O. A. Borcherding, 4716
North Washington boulevard. Ar
lington, Va, at 8 pm. tomorrow.
Evening star., 1941-10-03
Imports Hats

The Irish government will permit
the importa ton into Fire of 80 900
women's and girls hats, caps, hoods
and shapes between July ! and De-
cember 81.
Evening star., 1941-10-03
Buy Water Meters

To assure the rational" use of
water in Mexico City, Mexico will
install 10000 meters purchased in
the United States.
Evening star., 1941-10-03
Lutin Americans Invited
To Public Health PurIey
By the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
Public health directors from the 20
other American republics have been
invited to attend the annual conven-
ton Of the American Public Health
Association in Atlantic City october
IA to II as guests of the Government.
the Office of the Co-ordinator OF
American Affairs announced today.
The Latin Americans. all heads OF
their national departments Of public
health, had indicated they would at
tend, the Office said. Following the
Atlantic City meeting, the visiting
officials will visit Washington and
tour United States Public Health and
medical institutions.
Evening star., 1941-10-03

Protected by three mountain
ranges, Southern California has vir-
tually no winter.
Evening star., 1941-10-03
Unrest

Continued From First Page.)
Evening star., 1941-10-03

lfter a short time.
Evening star., 1941-10-03

in our integrity, because they believe in the char
acter and the quality and the truth of the news
that we print.
They'd believe you and in the things you sen
-. for identical reasons.
The buying power Of these families (he readers Of
this newspaper) is simply stupendous. All OF It Is at
your fngertps. Talk to them about your bsssi-
ness with advertising, in our columns. YoS need
Evening star., 1941-10-03

but q part OF fheN1 OdNE
PORTION. That vo~ad
be enough.
In time, and soon, yox'd have
those customers you'd planned
and hoped TO get one, Or ten.
twenty, fifty or a hundred or
MORE, every day if you'd 60
with us regularly with planned
advertising into their HOMES,
and hearts and nainds. Will you
phone us2
The Nome nugget., 1941-09-15

Forecasts as to war and post war needs of America are en- braced in an extraordinary docu- ment filed a few days ago in Washington by the National Re- sources Planning Board of which Luther Gulick, Columbia Univer sity professor and Republican, is chairman.
 The report plots as far ahead as 1914 including a wartime and postwar economy on a high scale. Here the the estimates, something to make every Ameri- can think:
 For 1941. 100000 men in military service; 4,o0O.000 in de fense industrise; 45,20O,O00 in oth CT industries; 5,l00,000 unemploy ed. National income Gin 1940 dollars): S84 billions.
 For 1944 (When full-out war effort would be finally reached. 5.5OO.0O0 men in military service; 23. .5OO.O0O in defense industries; 33.O0O.000 in other industries; none unemployed. National in- come Gin 1940 dollars): Sl05 bill lions.
 If peace does not come till 1945, the problem will then be to find jobs for the 27,000,000 who will have gone into the ser vices and war industries.
 The Plan sets up four objec- tives:
 D A national income maintain ed at S100 billions; national production-consumption budget balanced at high level with full employment, instead of at low level with mass unemployment.
 9 Freedom of youth and old age from the necessity of work; a 40-hour week; no sacrifice of wage standards.
 3 Modified free enterprise, op portunity for personal initiative, cooperative industrial advance ment under government leader ship.
 4) Nourishment, clothing, shel ter, life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness for everyone in the nation.
The Nome nugget., 1941-09-15
US. Plans Long Changing Picture War-Then Some In Pacific

The landing of three American ships in Vladivostok within the last few days with oil and sup plies for Russia without forceful interference by Japan is more than significant. Japan has pro- tested but she has not seen fit to make an armed attack.
 At the same time Japan has re trained from possible aggressive moves against the British, Dutch Or other powers interested in southern Asiatic areas, and is neg otiating with America.
 The picture might easily have been otherwise had Japan decid ed to challenge the Allied pow es and to have engaged the last ounce of her military weight in aiding the Axis program.
 Hitler ct. all are not getting Japanese support in the Far East. Japan obviously has realized she is on the spot and cannot afford to be the Axis goat. Nazi hopes of wining in the European con- flict and sweeping back the AL lied forces to and across the Pac fife are too dim.
 Much as Germany would like to decoy American, British and other democratic sea and air forces away from her nominal ally in the Pacific, she is forced to leave Japan to her own re- sources.
 The long hesitant attitude of Japan reveals all to clearly she is not going to take the chances. With Russia and Japan eliminat- ed as possible aggressors in this direction, and no longer an open avenue to the Western World the horizon from Singapore to the Arcti looks clearer.
 But there's many quirk and slip when in the game of war and it behooves Uncle Sam to take no chances as to the ulti- mate outcome. It's no time to delay or be caught off guard. Preparedness for the worst, should the program not work out as hoped, is very much in or der. America can make no mis- take in all-out preparation to de fend her interests from Alaska southward in her entire sphere of defense in the broad Pacific.
The Nome nugget., 1941-09-15

Publish Sept. 1, 8, 15, p, 1941
The Nome nugget., 1941-09-15
DEFENSE BOND
Q UIZ

Q. would like to provide regular income for msef when I retire. Can this be done by buying Defense Savings Bonds?
 A. Yes. you purchase Bond for $3750 each month, each Bond will mature in exactly 10 years Thus at the end of 10 years you will have $50 payable each month as each of your Bonds reaches maturity.
 O. But will need more than $50 month A. Then you should invest large amount each month. Every $75 you put into Defense Bonds will pay you $100 ten years from now. Mean while, your money serves your Government during this period of national emergency Note-To purchase Defense Bonds and Stamps, go to the nearest post office or bank or write for information to the Treasurer of the United States, Washington, D. c.
The Nome nugget., 1941-09-15
N o T I c E
To Whom It May Concern:

To Whom It May Concern:
 The Alaska Unemployment Compensation Commission will meet in Juneau, Alaska, at their offices in the Territorial Build ing, at 10 am. September g, l94l, and will remain in session for approximately ten days. "Season Regulations" pertaining to Salmon Canneries, Open Cut
 Mines, Herring Reduction
 All employers and employees are hereby notified that the sea- sonal regulations having to do with the payment of benefits to seasonal workers, as contained in Benefit Regulation No. 10, will be opened to hearing as to chang es or amendments. During the period stated above, any inter ested party may appear and be heard or present his objections to any part or all of the exist ing regulations.
 Any or all the existing rules and regulations now in effect are subject to amendments.
 Regular business of the Com mission will also be taken up at this time.
 Noble Dick, M. D. Chairman
 Publish Aug. 25, Sept. 1, 8, 15
The Nome nugget., 1941-09-15
Report Of Dr. Victor Levine
 And Ed Levin on l94l Summer
 Study of King Island Eskimos

The following is a partial re- port of a study made this sum- mer of the King Island Eskimos by Dr. Victor Levine and Ed Levin, Exploration Manager of the Father Hubbard Expeditions. and was contained in a letter re- ceived by The Nome Nugget from Ed Levin. MT. Levin is at present making tour of the na- tive villages of Southeastern AL aSka, in company with some other gentlement, one of whom is a specialist on Tuberculosis.
The Nome nugget., 1941-09-15

dently a marked preponderance of males over females on King Island. There are 100 males to 78.6 females, while in the rest of the Eskimo population of Alaska there are 100 males to 94 fe- males.
 The above figures indicate that there should be more widowers than widows on King Island and more old men than women. AS a matter of fact there are more widoWers than widows and more old men than old women. There is at the present a preponder- ance of marriageable males over marriageable females.
 Bottle Feeding May be Fault
 The terrific death rate for in- fants under one year of age may be partly attributed to the in- crease in bottle feeding. It seems that the King Island mother can not furnish enough breast milk and consequently resorts to the use of cows milk that comes in cans as evaporated milk. It is a we'll known fact that babies can not live on bottle milk alone. To the milk must be added certain vitamins in order to furnish a diet on which the modern baby can thrive and live. In years be- fore the use of cows milk for baby, meant death. Physicians finally realized that cod liver oil must be added to the milk for mula to furnish vitamin A and D and orange juice or tomato juice to furnish vitamin C. Some nu- tritionists now advocate the use of brewers yeast to supply the B vitamins. The use of these acces sories to the milk formula has made possible the artificial rear ing of baby vigorous and healthy and free from any dis ease. Fifty or seventy-five years ago babies fed on cows milk alone died as rapdily as the King Island babies die today.
 Vitamins c Should be Added
 We therefore recommend that each nursing child fed on the bottle should in addition receive daily cod liver oil for vitamin A and D and orange or the less ex- pensive tomato juice for vitamin C. Perhaps it would be more ad- visable to substitute pure vita min C or ascorbic acid for orange juice or tomato juice. Pure vita min C keeps long time and con sidering freight and loss of vita min potency as a result, its use may be more desirable. The routine use of cod liver oil and of vitamin C should also be adopted for breast-fed babies, since mothers milk on King Is- land seem to be inadequate.
 Gro be concluded in the next issue of The Nome Nugget)
The Nome nugget., 1941-09-15

addition to Marines and Regular Army units. He declined to dis close the number of men now at Alaskan stations, but said it is a very substantial number"
 100 Feet Frozen
 Brewster said he will report to Senator Harry s. Truman, chair man of the Investigating commit tee and also Senator David Walsh, chairman of the Naval Affairs Committee.
 He criticized the method of handling shipments of supplies from Seattle to Alaskan Army and Navy posts, saying the first shipments to reach one post was composed of 360 refrigerators, with the ground frozen 100 feet deep." The refrigerators arrived even before the barracks were constructed, he said, and added, 'Then some guns arrived with no sights" Brewster said the Army was charged with defending Navy bases still waiting for sights"
The Nome nugget., 1941-09-15
Woman In Royal Navy Loses Life

VANCOUVER, B. C., Sept. - The first western casualty in the Women's Royal Naval Service was recorded yesterday with the death of Lieutenant Florence McPherson of Vancouver, B. C.
 The woman's relatives were ad vised that she lost her life when a transport in which she was crossing the Atlantic was torped- oed.
The Nome nugget., 1941-09-15
Notice of Sale of Property

In the Probate Court for the Noatak-Kobuk Precinct, Second Division: Territory of Alaska.
 Tn the matter of the estate of FRANK STOKER, Deceased.
 Notice is hereby given that in pursuance to an Order of the above entitled Probate Court dated the 30th day of August, 1941, the Administratrix of the estate of Frank Stoker deceased, will sell at public auction (sub- ject to the confirmation of the Court) to the highest bidder for cash on Tuesday, the 3Oth day of September, 1941, at the hour of II o'clock a. m., at the office of the Court in Kotzebue, Alaska, all the right, title and interest of Frank Stoker, deceased at the time of his death and of the said estate at the time of the sale, in and to the following described property:
 The log store building (about IA x 20') on the Kobuk River with lean-to warehouse (l2' x 20' approx.) connected.
 The iron oil house (about 12' x 16') on the Kobuk River.
 Frame cabin at Kotzebue.
 The same being the store, oil house and cabin commonly known as being the property of Frank Stoker.
 Dated this 30th day of August, 1941.
 Teress Vernon,
 Administratrix Publish Sept. 1, 8, Is, g, 1941 Proof of Labor Blanks can now f L I II.
The Nome nugget., 1941-09-15
Saves Troops In
 Alaska From Hard Winter In Tents

WASHINGTON, Sept. - Sen- ator Ralph O. Brewster, just re turned here from a Pacific De- fense flight, criticized the mili- tary program in Alaska, includ- ing what he said was an Army proposal since abandoned, to shel ter troops in tents.
 Brewster said he called the al tention of War Department of ficials to are quirement of law that "adequate housing" be pro- V:ded troops above the Mason Dixon Line, and suggested that tents lin an Alaskan winter wuoldn't answer that, descrip- tion." Since then, he has been assured he said, that adequate barracks will be constructed.
 14,000-Mile Trip
 Brewster, a member of a spec ial Senate committee investigat- ing the defense program, made a 14,000-mile tour of Pacific Coast and Alaska defense developments in Army and Navy planes.
 He praised the efforts of Ma jor General Simon Bolivar Buck ner, Commander of the Alaska Defense Command, to coordinate the military program in the Ter ritory, but said in an interview that officers in Alaska should be given more independent author ity to overcome delays. He said it took two months or a Washing ton official to clear recommenda- tion of officers on duty in Alaska.
 The Senator said that troops of Oregon, Washington, Minnesota and Alabama National Guard units are on duty in Alaska in
The Nome nugget., 1941-09-15
Death Rate Among King Island EskimOs

We have calculated the death rate for a period of almost 12 years from January 1850 to the present month September. Tu- berculosis in all forms accounts for 32.6 per cent of the total deaths, pneumonia and influenza for 16.3 percent of the total deaths, whooping cough for 10.9 per cent and measles for 9.8 per cent. If we exclude one still-. born, deaths from accidents and deaths from which the cause is not given, tuberculosis represents 39.5 per cent of the deaths with known causes. Infections of all kinds make up 70.7 per cent of the total deaths.
 Strange Facts
 If we consider age at the time of death we arrive at some inter esting but very strange facts. The death rate for infants nine months of age or under is incon- ceivably enormous. The deaths of infants nine months of age or under comprise 40.3 per cent of the total deaths. It is also sur prising to learn that 69.6 per cent of the total deaths occur between birth and twenty years of age. It is evident that comparatively few Eskimos of King Island ev- CT reach the age of 20 years.
 If we calculate the span of life for both male and female we get some startling figures. The aver age span of life of the male on King Island is 2l.4 years, while the average span of life for the female is 13.5 years. As a com parison we may mention the fact that the average span of life for the white male in the United States is over sixty years and that the average span of life for the white female is higher than for the white male. The reverse holds true for the Eskimos on King Island.
 Statistics In Reverse
 When we analyze according to sex, the deaths nine months or under we find that one and a half times as many baby girls die as baby boys. Among the white people in the United Stat es, more baby girls than baby boys survive.
 The large number of deaths in baby girls and the shorter span of life of King Island Eskimo fe- males are reflected in the popula tion of the island. There are 2O9 natives, of which IF are males and 92 are females. There is ev-
The Nome nugget., 1941-09-15

Proof of Labor Blanks can now be had at the Nome Nugget offic.
The Waterbury Democrat. [volume] (Waterbury, Conn.) 1917-1946, 1941-03-03
PROFESSOR BELL
SPEAKS TONIGHT
Wesleyan University Pros
lessor Guest of Catholic
Mems Club

The Catholic Mems Supper club
will hold its monthly meeting this
evening at $50 O'Clock in the Hotel
Elton with DR.. Herbert c. F. Bell,
professor of history at Wesleyan
university. the main speaker. He
will be Introduced by Raymond j.
Tanning, managing editor OF the
Waterbury American, who will Of
ficiate as tcastmaster.
A large attendance Is expected AZ
tonight's meeting to hear DR.. Bell,
who is noted throughout the state
as a student OF history. particularly
the part Catholicity has taken in
shaping the civilization Of the world.
He Is a frequent speaker at clubs
and gathering similar to the Local
one.
An important meeting OF Supper
club members will be held immedi-
ately following tonight's talk. All
members are urged to remain.