davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1941-01-24
Feats in Tax-Eatina

Some kinds of transportation are unable to stand
on their own feet To keep them going, it has been
necessary to pour billions of your tax dollars into
them.
The inland waterways probably are the worst
examples. For instance, the Upper Mississippi
River, from Minneapolis to St. Louis.
When you total up the tax dollars that have been
lavished this Improvement" and figure interest
at per and add the annual of maintaining
dams. locks and channel, you discover that to pro-
vide cheap" transportation for those who can ship
by river, it is costing the taxpayers about so
for every ton of freight foated.
The subsidy alone amounts to about twice
sUhat the railroads would haze charged for
hauling the traffic!
This particular kind of transportation slower
than any other, frozen up completely for five months
of the year, and contributing no taxes at all
requires taxpayers to pay out about $40 for every
81 it saves a shipper!
Highway transportation also leans heavily on the
taxes paid by the owners of homes and farms and
by other general taxpayers.
All of the various kinds of special taxes imposed
on motor vehicles-many as they are represented
to be, and mounting to really impressive totals
have been equivalent only to about one half
Of the cost of maintaining and improving highways,
bridges, roads and streets.
And this leaves nothing to compare with the taxes
imposed railroad transportation for the support
Of schools and the various other functions of govern
ment-which take about 10 cents of every dollar
the railroads collect from their patrons.
Against such competitive odds as these. your rail-
road fights to maintain that volume of traffic with
out which unit costa 60 up-for railway trans
porfation 10 mass transportation, dependent
on volume to reduce costs.
The key to the lospest possibIe railroad rates
ebOiously l. VOLUME-not the artificial dipey-
sjea II traAsc to tGx-satins kinds of trGns-
psvtafjeR.
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1941-01-24

"A weekly newspaper published
every Friday at Browning, Glacier
County, Montana.
Browning chief. [volume] (Browning, Mont.) 1941-1953, 1941-01-24

What the Department the Army the Stores
Department railroad. iten1s,
tooth telephone pictured
above quickly obanabs from storehoues
along the Great Northsr miles of main and branch lines
handling
and supplies that inventory about s. 900 600.
Evening star., 1941-01-26
Continental Front

Cold weather has made a snail's war
out of the European phase of the battle
against Italy-the campaign in Albania
One will find no blitzkrieg there. Most
of the action now is in the air. On Tues
day and Wednesday the r. A. F. support
ing the Greeks attacked Italian military
buildings and transportation concentra-
tions in Albania and the airdrome of
Martha on the Dodecanese island of
ing planes destroyed more than 100 Ital-
ian army trucks Wednesday. The trucks
were trapped in mountain gorge when
a bomb -dislodged boulder blocked their
roadway.
Rome reported that Greek forces sf-
fered severe losses in local fighting, and
the German air strength continued in
some measure to aid the Italians in the
general Mediterranean amphitheater. The
Nazi air corps carried out one bombing
attack on Malta, British base In the Gen.
trail Mediterranean not far from the
southern end of Italy. Malta, like
Rhodes, was center for knights during
the Middle Ages
Hitler and Mussolini explored the prob
lens confronting them both in a meeting
Monday. AS they talked, q
Rumonion political earthquake was in
Anarchy the making in one of Hit
lers most valuable terri
tories, Rumania. which, while ostensibly
independent, is for all practical purposes
in the control of Germany. On Tuesday
Sofia, the capital of Bulgaria, heard re-
Evening star., 1941-01-26

British troops are fighting Italians
along the border region Of Anglo
Egyptian Sudan and Eritrea. British
troops are fighting Italians along the
border region of Kenya, British colony,
and Ethiopia, which Italy won five years
ago in the war which now is considered
the first campaign in the general axis
war of conquest British troops last week
drove Italians 40 miles into Eritrea, and
they forced them back into Ethiopia from
the Ethiop-Kenya frontier.
The troops of Britain operating in the
Sudan region first displaced the Italians
from their position at Kassala, which lies
within the Sudan, and then began to
hammer them from their new points Of
vantage within Eritrea at Viscia and
Varentu. The British said they were
pursuing two Italian divisions withdraw
ing along l0O-mile front into Eritrea
but the Italians said that the British
motorized columns advancing from the
Sudan were halted with heavy losses at
predetermined points
Evening star., 1941-01-26
BY Constantine Brown.

and the airplane carrier Illustrious)
while five destroyers have been slightly
damaged. Ordinarily the damaging of
warship is not particularly bad busi-
ness-but under the present circum-
stances it Is. The British have only lin
tied opportunities to repair their ships
in the Mediterranean and at home. The
Malta yard is under constant fire from
German airplanes. Gibraltar-a safe
base-can take only a small number of
units in its docks. And these are al
ready crowded with ships which have
been damaged in the Atlantic while on
patrol duty.
The prospect of obtaining repair facili-
ties in the American Atlantic bases after
the lease-lend bill has been passed will
relieve somewhat the new difficult Situa-
ton, but we must bear in mind the fact
that the Mediterranean is some 5000
miles away from the United States and
the ships fighting in that sea will have
to make long voyage at reduced speed
if they can travel under their own
power-before they can reach Boston or
Brooklyn.
Germans Change Tactics.
Hence the Germans, who heretofore
have maintained a passive attitude
towards the war in the Mediterranean
because they believed that it served no
good purpose to divert forces from West
o,-t, A.
be decided, now have changed their
tactics and have sent to the Mediter-
ranean some of the best and newest
airplanes.
What the conversation between Hitler
and Mussolini yielded will be known only
later. For the time being neither the
White House nor any of the three di-
rectly interested departments Estate,
War and Navy have an inkling of what
happened when the two dictators got
together. The whole thing will be dis
closed soon enough, when the German
and Italian air and naval forces begin
their new campaign.
While the discussion of where the next
blow against Britain will fall is specu-
lative, military and naval observers are
inclined to think that there will be no
attempt to invade the British Isles until
enough naval forces have been with
drawn from the home fleet and sent to
the Mediterranean. This change of
thought among our best informed OBJ
servers is caused by the conviction that
Hitler must attempt a pre-emptive move
to counter the possibility Of American
Intervention.
The Germans know 1t will take at
Evening star., 1941-01-26

will be open to either side to appeal to
a tribunal
The analogy is with the army. No
serving officer or man may leave his
post This measure will not in itself
add appreciably to the numbers engaged
in making munitions. 1t will prevent
diminution in the numbers employed
Labor Stabilized.
In a community effectively organized
for total war, employment in the pro-
duction of equipment or in maintenance
of the community should be on the same
footing and regarded as equally essential.
Production of consumers goods, which
now is spread haphazard over num-
ber of industries working on part time
and compelled spasmodically to throw
their staffs on the unemployment mar
ket, should be concentrated in mini
mum number of efficient factories.
Compensation should be paid those closed
down and any labor found to be surplus
should receive its full wages until alb
sorbed into the national effort. There
would thus be service given by all.
1t is to be hoped that the industrial
registration by age groups which the
government announced will achieve these
desirable results, and help distribute the
man power of the nation in optimum pro-
portions in the various forms of service
which will best assist the nation in prose-
cution of the war. Britain has reached
the stage at which she cannot delay, in
preparation for the tasks that lie ahead,
to man and enlarge her industrial capac-
ity in such q way as will assure for her
fighting services the maximum output.
Evening star., 1941-01-26
Riotine in
Bucharest
GERMANS, EYING THE CLOCK, TO STRIKE SOON
Mediterranean suku Believed Attempt Weaken Home Fleet

Hitler and Mussolini are watching the
swiftly running sands in the hourglass.
Both believe active intervention of the
United States in this war is now en-
tirely question of time And since
they don't expect the diminishing num-
Der of non-interventionists to delay such
an action long enough, new plans are
being devised for the 're-establishment"
of the situation in the Mediterranean.
There is much belief that this war will
be lost by the axis powers if it becomes
a protracted affair. 1t has become evil
dent that the only way to relieve the
pressure on Britain is by the formation
of a second war front, in the rear of the
Reich. Such front could be established
in Southeastern Europe by taking ad-
vantage of the Greek victories in Albania
and through the willingness of the Yugo-
slavs and the Turks to join their forces
to those of the Greeks and the British.
An association of this kind could be OBJ
tanned only through the moral effect of
a declaration of war by the United States
against the axis, and by Britain's main
ranean and thus enabling large quanti-
ties of arms, ammunition and possibly
men to pour into the Greek ports of
Salonika, Patras and Piraeus. The war
materiel must come from this country,
while the men-far less important than
the tanks, guns and airplanes-will come
from Australia, New Zealand and India.
Fuel Supplied Italians.
In order to take the wind out of the
sails of Britain, the German high COM
mand has decided to transfer sizable
number of Stukas to Southern Italy,
Sicily and Sardinia.
German naval officers are seen in large
numbers at Naples and Taranto-the
chief Italian submarine bases in Italy
and in Sicily and Sardinia. Large quaint.
ties Of oil and high-octane gasoline are
being poured into Italy from Germany
to enable the Italians submarines and
airplanes, which heretofore have shown
complete lack of activity, to get into
action. 1t must be remembered that out
of the 118 submarines with which Italy
entered this war, not more than 20 have
been sunk or put out of commission.
How many more are being built under
the unknown 1910 program is uncertain,
but it is assumed that there are enough
to make losses good.
The arrival of at least seven flights of
Stukas in Italy has been felt by the
British already. In less than one week
two important warcraft have been sent
to the bottom or put definitely out Of
commission (the cruiser Southampton
Evening star., 1941-01-26
African Front

At dawn on Wednesday the final action
against Tobruk began. The soldiers of
Australia and New Zealand in the brave
command of Gen. Wavell. the chief of
the Army of the Nile, went forward in
q drive that smashed both the outer
defenses of Tobruk under siege and as
sault since January 5. On the night
previous the R. A F. prepared the way
for the ground troops with a smashing
air attack on the beleaguered fortified
port. From the sea the big guns of the
British Mediterranean feet sent their
monster charges at Tobruk, and the
shells turned into powder and wreckage
much of the strong city. Long ago the
city had been surrounded on its land
side. The call to action Wednesday was
the signal for great forward march in
a fanwise attack by ground soldiers.
Thirty thousand Italian soldiers defended
the city for Mussolini.
BY nightfal of Wednesday the Italians
forfeited all claim to Tobruk The Brit
ish capture of the city was
Fall Of completed, and at least IA
Tobruk 900 prisoners fell to the
Army of the Nile. The Brit
Ish held undisputed possession of 80
miles of Mediterranean shore, stretching
from the Libyan-Egyptian border to the
Gulf of Bomba. The Libyan adventure
is yet in its youth, however. There are
many more hundreds of miles of sand
stretching westward along the Mediter-
ranean, sand that belongs to Italy, the
enemy of England Tobruk had not yet
fallen even when the r. A. F. began to
raid Derna, 95 miles west of Tobruk.
Derna already is the immediate major
objective of British drive farther along
the Libyan coast.
In capturing Tobruk, the British Mid
die East command at Cairo said, the
Army of the Nile captured the head
quarters of the 22d Italian Army Corps.
When the British got into Tobruk, 1t was
said, they found three ships burning in
the I1arbor, one of them large liner.
Booty seized included tanks, motor ve-
hicles and large quantities of ammuni-
ton.
Italy Is Hitler's Achilles Heel. 1t is
the weak spot in the axis. And the axis
enemies are hammering
African the weak spot with all
Campaign their might The enc
mics are reducing Italy
first by reducing Italy's empire. Most
of that empire is spread across Africa.
Libya, Italy's North African prize, is
gradually falling to the British. The
empire far deeper in the Dark Con-
tinent is threatened.
Evening star., 1941-01-26

ports of widespread disorders in Ru-
mania, involving even bombings. The
disorder began with the assassination of
a German staff officer in Bucharest, the
Rumanian capital. The assassin was
believed to be Greek prizehghter living
In Bucharest. The assaSsination's first
consequence was the dismissal of Gen.
George Petrovivescu as Minister of the
Interior
On Wednesday the repercussions of the
officers murder and Petrovivescus dis
missal were heard all over Rumania.
Repeated clashes between the troops of
Premier Ion Antonescu and Iron Guard
extremists turned Bucharest almost into
a city besieged. Franklin Mott Gunther,
the American Minister in Bucharest, was
telephoning Washington and saying, AT
Evening star., 1941-01-26

machine-gun attack on the Bucharest
building which houses his office. 1t was
said in Budapest that the leader of the
machine-gun attack was Gen Petrovi-
cescu, who had 900 men with him.
Before Gen. Antonescu was finally
moved to real anger, the armed rebels
occupied the Bucharest
Riotinein in and Brasov radio stations,
Bucharest the Bucharest post Office
and several public insti-
tutions in Bucharest, Ploesti and Braila.
The trouble was halted just in time to
insure peaceful arrival in Bucharest for
Baron Manfred Won Killinger, the new
Nazi Minister to Rumania. AS he
alighted at the station, Rumanian police
and soldiers already were on the trail
of the culprit designated the leader of the
Evening star., 1941-01-26
ITALY is CALLED H|TLER'S URGENT PROBLEM
Rapid Collapse Of Fascist Empire Likely, Says HoreBeisho
eHoe.Be

Italys entry into the war. Within two
months of that event, by the capture Of
Kassala, the enemy cut the railway line
to Port Sudan and threatened Khartoum
in the Anglo Egyptian Sudan As Kenya
was also invaded and British Somali-
land subsequently evacuated, Britain
was put on the defensive on all fronts.
Now the situation is completely trans
formed No longer are the operations in
Africa to be described as battle for the
British Empire. 1t is battle for the
Italian Empire which is being waged
Kassala has fallen, British forces have
penetrated so miles into Eritrea. They
are now on the outskirts of Agordat and
have about another $50 miles along the
railway to cover before reaching Mas
sawa, Italian supply base on the Red
Sea where reserves for the army are
stored. simultaneously, Ethiopia has
been entered at several points, and EN-
peror Halle Selassie, who has undergone
such strange viciSsitudeS of fortune, him.
self Is leading the revolt.
Italy's Empire Weak.
If these initiatives are followed up in all
directions and advantage taken of pres
ent favorable climatic conditions, the
Italian Empire should rapidly collapse.
1t is indeed a fabric which has been
hastily and insecurely knit Hitler may
we'll strive to hinder British progress
and save some portion of his partners
domain in Northern Africa, but it is
difficult to visualize by what means he
can arrest the downfall of Italian rule
in Eritrea, Somaliland and Ethiopia.
Easier for him will it be, if time be
afforded him, to buttress Italian resist
ance in Albania. Warning must again
be given that he is concentrating forces
in Trieste. 1t would seem to be of COM
pelling Importance to reduce Valons to
destruction and on bolder plan finally
to break italian communications across
the Adriatic
If Hitler's immediate problem be to
bring support to Italy, it conversely is
Britain's immediate problem to strike
Italy out of the war. To this end she
must neglect no means. The ultimate
and titanic struggle, however, is between
Britain and Germany. The weapons
which will determine its issue are now
being forged.
His majesty's government has taken
preliminary steps to improve the output
of munitions In certain types of ma
tional work. as was the case in the last
great war, the employers right of dis
missal and the workers right to leave
his employment Will be withdrawn. It
Evening star., 1941-01-26

this moment the situation is critical"
when he was cut off. A strict censorship
had been clamped on communications
out OF Rumania. The news of the de-
velopments was reaching this country
by way of Yugoslavia.
The outer listening posts gave different
reports on Thursday. Sofia told of a
spread Of bitter civil war over Rumania.
In Budapest, Hungary, however, the Ru-
manian Legation announced that the
government had quelled rebellion" by
notorious Communists" and young Iron
Guard extremists after many" persons
had been killed throughout the country.
Public buildings in various parts of Ru-
mania were reported cleared of the
rebels under orders from Premier An
tonescu, whose tolerance was taxed by a
Evening star., 1941-01-26

IONDON.-Hitler's pressing concern
must be how to keep Italy in the war.
She occupies strategic position which
It would be most disadvantageous to him
to lose. So long as Italy is in the con-
test, the British fighting forces are di-
vided and much of Britain's material
strength is being expended.
The recent meeting of the two dicta-
tors, it may therefore be assumed, was
concerned less Immediately with reach
ing of an agreement, as announced, on
"ways and means of bringing England
to her knees" as with discovery of a
method of keeping II Duce on his feet.
Whatever may be the plan to supple
ment the occupation of Sicily as base
for the Observation-Disclosures it be pur-
suit of similar tactics from Sardinia, an
agreement with Vichy for use of the
French North African possessions and
the French fleet, or an assault on Malta
no stroke could be decisive unless it
wrested sea power from the British Navy.
Insofar as Hitler can interrupt our
direct line of communications to the
cause traffic to take the roundabout
route via the Cape, he is imposing on
Britain the necessity of using three
ships to do the work of one. 1t is this
consideration which makes the time fac
tor in the African campaign of such
importance to Britain.
Urgency of Hitler's Problem.
On the other hand, the continued sue
cess of Gen. Wavell accentuates the
urgency of Hitler's problem. The Ital-
ian empire, now assaulted on every side,
is crumbling. The methodical advance
along the Libyan coast has but to con-
tinue another 300 miles to Bengasi and
the whole of Cyrenaica will be in British
hands.
With the fall of Tobruk, most sheltered
port in Eastern Libya, and the capture
Of more than one third Of the Italian
electives, the next lap should be easier
of attainment. Wavell will then have
to decide whether to rest content with
this important acquisition or press on
through 400 miles of desert to the con-
quest of Trip0litania. In this second
stage his military problems will become
more formidable than those of GRAHAM.
In measure as the Italian commander
Is pressed westward, SO do his transport
problems diminish and more easily can
his supply ships, creeping along in the
territorial waters Tunis, reach his
bases. Tripoli itself is less than 800
miles from Sicily, now occupied by the
Germans.
BY contrast, Waveu will be continu-
Evening star., 1941-01-26
Home Front

The battle on the American front is
parliamentary battle-shall the lease
lend bill become law? The scene Of battle
now is the House Foreign Affairs Com
mittee. Col. Charles A. Lindbergh. op-
posing the bills passage, said that there
was no danger of this country's being
invaded. Another picture was given in
an interview in Boston by Maj. Gen. T.
A. Terry, commanding officer of the lst
Coast Artillery district, charged with
the coast defense of the Northeastern
States. Gen. Terry said that three days
of exercises by the Air Defense Command
have shown that the Northeastern sea-
board lis vulnerable to enemy invasion
by air from the seas"
Evening star., 1941-01-26

| least another six months before our
| factories begin to deliver the British
| orders for airplanes and other war ma.
terials. Because of this inevitable delay
which normally might prove fatal to
the British-the German high command
Is reported to have come to the conclu-
sion that the only way the United States
could bolster up Britain's resistance
would be by an actual military interven-
ton, which would have two tangible re-
suits: A powerful psychological effect
throughout Europe-including Germany
and an immediate assistance to the
British by adding at least another hun.
dred men of war to the hard-pressed
British fleet
Watch U. S. Moves.
The German high command is said
to believe that the United States is not
prepared to enter the war Immediately.
II Is inclined to think that because of
the many defects in our war prepared
ness, neither the Army nor the Navv
general staff will go light into
an adventure Which-from the strictly
military point of view-has considerable
doubt clouding its outcome. The Ger
man general staff believes tnat the same
factors which prevented the allied mill
tary authorities from striking in 1896 and
In 1938-lack of preparedness-wil in
fuence the American military leaders,
Consequently, it is believed in Berlin
according to the best reports obtainable
here-that the axis military, air and
naval forces have at least two months
ahead of them in which to pound Great
Britain. BY that time they figure the
assistance which might be forthcoming
from the American Atlantic fleet will not
be of any particular use. Germany must
attempt the destruction of Britain within
the next so or 80 days. Otherwise the
war will have to last number of years,
Berlin is more convinced than WASH
ington that the entry of the United
States into the European war is matter
OF a few months. Many of Hitler's
American" staff, which includes experts
in American affairs, are said to believe
that the active cooperation of the Amer
ican Navy with Britain is question of
only few weeks. The Germans know
that nothing can prevent America from
abandoning its non-belligerent attitude
unless it is an unexpected and striking
British victory over the Reich. This. of
course, Is considered an impossibility
under the present circumstances Hence
the axis must take into consideration
the facts as they are and must attempt
to give the British powerful blow be-
fore 1t Is too late.
Evening star., 1941-01-26
Review of Seventy Third Week of War
By Blair BoUes,

The tall fighters from Down Under gave the Italians another
last how Imperial Army of the Nile
manned by the Ausses
pun Tobruk the Italian naval
twenty-five Tobruk
On that island far from Tobuk
good from Afrca-concern
invasion Will the soft weather of
which
preparing for invasion, whether
The Greeks fighting of Albania
news OF spring the cold blasts which
nghng harder The Albanian slowly Rumana
One alliance
American President Roosevelt the
OF England nauguraed for third
dent
Chesapeake to greet Vscout Halifax
Usually the Ambassador to the of