davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1941-07-09
FARMERS
Increasing
BORROWINGS
Production Credit Commits
sioner Reports Increase of
10 Percent in Borrowings by
Farmers and Stockmen, Over
Same Period Last Year.

Farmers and stockmen borrowed
more than 200,0OO,O00 of short-term.
credit from their 525 production credit
associations during the first six
months of 1871 to finance their crop
and livestock operations, the u. s.
Department of Agriculture reports.
C. r. Arnold, production credit com.
missioner of the Farm Credit Admin
istration attributed the increase of
more than 10 percent over the same
period last year to many farmers in
creasing the production of vital foods
under the Food for Defense program,
to the rising costs of production, to
the necessity of hiring labor and buy
ing machinery to replace family labor
that has entered the Army or defense
industries, and to the increased ten
dency of members to obtain all of
their short-term financing from their
associations. All parts of the coun-
try showed increases this year.
These credit co-operatives, serving
every agricultural county in the coun-
try, now have more than 100000, 900
outstanding in loans to their farmer
members, an all-time peak in their
seven years of operation, according to
Commissioner Arnold. He also pointed
out that some time during July loan
will be made that will include the
two billionth dollar loaned by produc-
ton credit associations.
Starting seven years ago, farmers
now have invested s1S,OOO,OOO in the
voting stock of these associations.
The original capital was provided by
the government in the form of Glass
A, non-voting stock. Farmers now
own % percent of the entire capital.
In addition, the associations have
built up out of earnings reserves
to more than $4,000, 900,
Or 26 percent of their capital. Losses
and provisions for estimated losses
amounted to less than one-half of one
percent in the seven years the asso-
cations have been operating The
capital of the associations is invested |
n bonds. The money they loan comes
rom the investors who purchase the |
lebentures of the Federal Intermedi- |
tie Credit Banks with whom the asso-
cations discount their members /
totes.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1941-07-09
INDIANS GET
TRACH0MA
Urea MENTS
Disease Prevalent on Black
feet Reservation Checked by
Agency Physicians Assisted
By Supplemental Non-pro-
fessional WPA Workers.

B q T 3 Especially = Trachoma
dreaded eye disease which results in
blindness if proper treatment is not
received, is on the wane at the Black
feet Indian agency near Browning
where agency physicians are supplied
supplemental help by the Work Prof.
ects Administration so that approx
mately 300 cases may be treated this
summer. Opened June 8, the tracho-
ma project will operate for six weeks
in order to prevent as much suffering
and blindness as possible.
Through supplemental WPA aid
which furnishes non-professional work
ers, a camp has been opened at the
agency's boarding school which allows
for the treatment of entire families
at one time. Previous to the open
ing of the camp only individual treat
ment could be given Since the dis
ease is extremely contagious, elimina-
ton Of the infection can be made eff
fective only by treating entire house
holds simultaneously.
The first project of this kind to be
undertaken by the Work Projects adj
ministration, statewide potentialities
of trachoma treatment on the other
six reservations are being studied.
Work of the Is WPA employees
lending assistance at the agency is
under the expert guidance of DR.. Polk
Richards, Indian service trachoma spe-
cialist of Washington, D. c., who is
assisted by DR.. Henry Montross, gov
eminent eye specialist, DR.. H. F.
Schroeder, resident agency physician
and three agency nurses.
Using latest methods, consisting
of group treatment with sulfanilamide
and proper diet, it is expected that 70
percent of the least affected patients
treated will be released, not in three
years as it once required but in the
first two weeks treatment" DR.. Rich
ards stated.
Patients receiving medical attention
are given four treatments day for a
period of two weeks under the pro-
gram. Approximately IA percent Of
the Indians on the reservation are
as having trachoma.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1941-07-09

sthe Metropolitan received $780,
1872 and the federal land bank
in Omaha added $92,963 to its
bank account. These large
payments, according to Off
cials, reflected tremendous
land holdings of the large COM
panies acquired through invest
ments and foreclosures of
mortgages.
The report showed that total of
1884 persons and individuals in the
United States received payments of
$1,000 or more under the soil conser-
walton and price adjustment programs
of the AAA, for the 1889 crop year.
The department officials declared that
less than one percent of the co-operat-
ing farmers received payments in ex-
cess of $1,000 A total of 5,756,240
beneficiaries received a total of about
$500, 100000 Payees under the price
adjustment program totaled 5,467,000
and they received S212,000,000.
Continued on Page Four)
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1941-07-09
| WATcHMEN
| UNDER WAGE
HOUR ACT

Awarding back pay to several EN-
ployes of the Mid-Continent Petro
leum corporation, and the Cosden
Pipe Line company engaged as watch
men to guard the company's property
the U. S. district court of Mus
kogee, Oklahoma, held that this work
came within the coverage of the fair
labor standards act as a type of work
necessary to the production of goods
for commerce. The fair labor stand
ards act (wage and hour law applies
to employees engaged in interstate
commerce, or in the production of
goods for interstate commerce.
The employees in question were paid
more than time and half for their
overtime is computed upon the go
cents stipulated in the law as mini
mum wages. But, the court pointed
out, the watchmen were employed at
more than the minimum rate and
therefore the minimum was not the
regular rate" for the purpose of de-
termining overtime compensation.
In addition to awarding restitution
for the overtime actually earned the
court ruled, as provided in the act,
that the employees affected are entitled
to an equal sum as liquilated dam
ages. Reasonable attorneys fees are
also assessed against the defendant.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1941-07-09
ALL CROP
PROSPECTS
ARE GOOD
Joint Report by Agricultural
Marketing Service, Weather
Bureau in State Optimistic
On Crop Outlook; Harvest
ing Brings Labor Problem.

The week ending July 8 brought
good growing weather and showers
which, while generally light over
most of the state, were heavy in
places in western Montana. All crops
made good progress, including cult
waited crops and crops grown on irri-
gated land. Winter wheat in the more
advanced localities is beginning to
ripen, but more generally is still fill
ing under favorable conditions for a
better yield than last year. Spring
wheat is now mostly headed out and
IN some localities is beginning to fill.
All spring broadcast crops are devel-
oping favorably at time when good
weather is important from a yield
standpoint. Some burning of grain
crops, which occurred in the hot
weather of the last week in June.
is noted as being heavy in spots in
north-central and northwestern Mon
tana, but on the whole, the damage
was not great and may serve to con-
dition the crop for later high tempera-
lures
While in some counties rains during
the week continued to interfere with
haying, for most part farmers had a
chance to catch up with this work.
Sugar beets have been cultivated
twice and appear now to be making
good growth. Some damage by web
worms and blister beetles is report
ed from Pondera and Yellowstone
counties. Corn and potatoes are MAX
ing better growth with the warmer
weather. Farm gardens are generally
quite good for this time of year due
to the timely rains. Peas, mustard
seed, and flax crops are also report
ed to be coming along favorably.
Shearing is about completed and
sheep are moving out to summer
'anges. Both ewes and lambs are re-
ported in very good condition. In the
case of cattle, gains to date have been
Continued on Page Four)
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1941-07-09
WIRE-TAPPING
Bill KILLED
In HOUSE
BY JEANETTE RANKIN

Shall government agents be per-
mitted to snoop and eavesdrop on pri-
vate telephone and telegraph lines?"
The House of Representatives last
week answered that question with an
emphatic mo" when it killed the
Hobbs overlapping Bill
In 1884 Congress prohibited the
tapping of wires by all federal agents
and the supreme court refused to con-
slider evidence secured by this under
handed method. Justice Oliver Wen
dell Holmes at that time bluntly de-
clared: Wire tapping is a dirty bust
ness"
Notwithstanding all this, those who
are selling upon this emergency to
deprive Americans of their Constitu-
tional rights, reported to the House
a bill to legalize overlapping in GER
tain cases.
1t was admitted by one proponent
of the legislation that Fall the labor
organizations, including the railroad
Continued on Page Four)
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1941-07-09
EMPLOYMENT
I'M THE Ccc
IS OPEN

The quarterly CCC enrolment now
being held extends from July to
20 inclusive, according to informal
ton received from the Office of the
Director. Civilian Conservation Corps,
Washington, d. c., by Roland P. Free
man, supervisor of CCC selection,
state department of public welfare.
The enrolment day has been set for
July IS.
All unmarried young men between
the age of II and 231z, who are un-
employed and in need of employment,
citizens of the United States, and who
are interested in at least six months
of employment, should apply immedi-
ately. Applications for this employ
ment may be made with the local
CCC selecting agent, who is located
in the office of the county welfare
department of each county seat.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1941-07-09
MURRAY ANNOUNCES
FOR MILITARY SCHOOLS

Sen. James p. Murray will hold com
petitive examinations for the purpose
of selecting his candidates to fill two
vacancies at the U. S. Naval Academy
and one vacancy at the U. S. Military
Academy in the 1912 classes. These
examinations will be conducted by the
u. S. Civil Service Commission and
will be held on Saturday, October 4,
1871, beginning at 8 o'clock A. NJ, in
the post office buildings Of the fol
lowing Montana cities:
Billings, Bozeman, Butte, Glasgow,
Glendive, Great Falls, Havre, Helena,
Kalispell, Lewistown, Miles City, Mis-
soula, and Plentywood.
Applicants who will not be in Mon
tnaa on the above date may be ex-
amined at other points in the United
States and Territories.
These examinations are open to all
young men who are bona fide resi-
dents of Montana and within the age
limits. Naval Academy candidates
must be not less than II nor more
than 81 on April l, 1912. Military
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1941-07-09
MORE SOLIDS
PLANNED IN
Canned Milk
Scientists in Department of
Agriculture Develop New
Method of Canning Milk In
creasing Nutritive Value by
Is Percent.

A new method of making evapor
ated milk to enable professors to put
rs percent more milk solids in the
standard can or case, and thus save
valuable shipping space as well as
considerable quantities of tin for de-
Tense uses, has been perfected by two
scientists of the U. s. department of
agriculture.
Evaporated milk made by the usual
procedure contains only about 26 per-
cent of milk solids - the maximum
concentration that will stand the high
temperatures of sterilization without
curdling.
More Heat Used
Drs. B. H. Webb and r. w. Bell
of the Bureau of Dairy Industry, who
devised the new procedure, found that
if milk is forewarmed at tempera-
lures considerably higher than the
conventional 95' c., it may be con-
centrated to milk-solid content of
1914 percent, without curdling in the
heat Of sterilization Use of the new
method would require only tubular
heater-a small item of expense in
the average evaporated milk plant.
With evaporated milk containing
80 " percent solids instead of the u.s.
ual 26 percent a standard case of
48 cans would contains 226 ounces of
milk solids instead of the usual ISL,
or nearly rs percent more actual nu-
I,.a
cedure would result in a net saving
of 1.68 pounds of tin per 100 cases,
and net saving of 20 percent in the
number of cases, tin cans, and ship
ping space required.
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1941-07-09
TRESPASSINC AT THE CAPITAL
chiseIers Impede Defense Effort;
IndustriaIists "Strike" for
Biuuer Profits
By A. l. HARRIS

chseIers Impede Defense Effort;
IndustraIsts "Strike" for
Bigger Profits
"How much of a defense effort is
this country really making?" this col
umn asked an OPM official.
WELL" he replied, 1--WE are still in
the honeymooning stage, and, from
that point of view, we are not doing
such a bad job. But from the stand
noint of what this country's industrial
plant is capable of producing, we had
better be slow about patting ourselves
on the back. 1t is possible to treble
our effort. The chiselers are ging us
no end of trouble - chiselers who
think only of how they can use the
defense program to line their peck
cts"
To the casual observer, the defense
setun appears a maze of confusion
and red tape, which is largely true,
Int 1t must be stated, it is function
ing much better than appears on the
surface. However, there is no deny
ing that there is bitter conflict going
on in the defense setup between two
opposing philosophers. 1t is between
New Dealers, who are antagonistic to
big profits by business in this emer-
gency. and the business representa-
tives who feel that the incentive for
profits should not be disturbed.
It must be recorded that large seq
L. ~
the portents of a Hitler victory, and
are more concerned with profits than
with anything eIse-this despite the
patriotic pronunciations by the spoKes-
men of the National Association Oh
Manufacturers that business, because
of an all-consuming patriotic ferVor,
is carrying on with great sacrlflces
There have been few cases of sac
rifice, this official assured us, but
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1941-07-09
COOP STORES
PLAN UNIFORM
BUILDINGS
Committee on Architectural
determination Reports on
Stream-lined Stores; Recon-
mends Uniform Coop Colors
and Exterior Design.

AMES, Iowa-The progress in
undermining Coop food stores achiev-
ed in the past year has been more
dramatic than even Coop leaders
themselves had dreamed
Representatives of the five con-
sumer cooperative wholesalers han
ding groceries, meeting here for a
temporary committee on architectural
modernization in advance of the Co.
operative Publicity and Education
conference last week, reported on new
store buildings, modernized stores in
rented buildings, redecorated co-ops
at the old stands and redesigning of
fronts and equipment From Massa-
chusetts to California and from North
Dakota to Kansas "kitchen-clean"
stores have blossomed forth. 1t is
possible to name only few of them:
Cambridge and Maynard, Mass; Sche-
nectady, Hampstead and Rome, N. ";
Md; Harrisburg, Pa, and
ID. c.. Lincoln, Nebr.;
Continued on Page Three)
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1941-07-09

provement over the simple
stagnation Of 1882. Had Eur
ope kept the peace, some kind
of sterilization by compromise
however shaky-might have
been achieved. But an arms
economy is here; before the
New Dealers could get close
enough to their goal of total
production to prevent its worst
consequences, the choice of
guns over butter was made.
How completely absorbed in guns
at the expense of butter government
economists inside and outside the
OPM have become is best demon
strated by the fact that so many of
them are talking in terms of annual
armament expenditures of $4,000, 000,-
900. Big though it is in the very face
of it, the size of this amount is com
pletely appreciated only in relation to
other amounts Here are some peril
nent comparisons: The current month
ly expenditures for the present arms
economy (including British items and
other than the purely defense" ex-
penditures reported by the Treasury
are running slightly above $1,000 O00,-
600 month. This is barely a third
of what would be required in pro-
gram Of 100000 1000 a year Actu-
Sc,
of the total federal budget for 1912.
Meanwhile the same economists ex-
pect the national income to be about
$4,000, 100000 for the current year,
about 97,000,000,000 next year. The
arms programs they are talking about
would then absorb more than 40 per-
cent of the total U. S. national income
in taxes and government bonds.
Patriotic Economics
To justify such program, a favor
ite device among government econo-
mists is to point to the fact that both
Germany and Britain spend some SO
percent of their national incomes on |
war, and then to say with fitting pa
UrlOUlc l6IVOI tldC LIE " D. SnOulQ US
able to do at least as well. The |
theory is that highly industrialized |
nations such as Germany and Britain
can use much higher portion of
their production and income for war
than can such comparatively under-in-
dustria1ized nations as Italy, which (
uses only about 25 percent. The less
industrialized a nation, the less sur
plus it produces above subsistence i
levels. They conclude that with it's
great industrial potential the U. S.
must Immediately outstrip all other
nations.
Ultimately these economists may
Continued on Page Three)
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1941-07-09
de: E'NSE
SCHOOLS IN
TIE STATE
Schools Intended to Supply
Refresher Courses for Those
Desiring to Try for Employ
ment in Defense Industries
Announced.

In order to improve skiiis for ma.
! tional defense industries, five schools
have been established in the state
where WPA workers may secure re-
fresher or pre-employment courses in
various lines of occupation, State
WPA Administrator Joseph E. Parker
has announced Since the beginning
of this training last fall, 2O3 workers
have attended these training schools
which are conducted by the Vocation
al Education department of the State
Department of Public instruction.
Schools at the present time are To-
Gated in Butte, Bozeman, Great Falls
Helena and Miles City Other schools
are contemplated at Billings, Missoula
and Glasgow.
"Of the 2O9 workers which have at
tended vocational training classes, SO
successfully have completed training
and 43 have been able to secure pri-
vate employment as a result of train
ing" Mr. Parker pointed out.
Applications for training are being
accepted from WPA workers in every
county of the state. Workers are
chosen especially for those classes on
the basis of refresher 'trainees, that is,
those workers who have had expert
ence along this line of work during
the last five years but who have lost
contact with their skills. However,
CONTINUED on Page Four
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1941-07-09
Welfare BOARD Will
APP0RTION MONEY TO
THE POOR COUNTIES
Board Complies With Provisions of lib 800
Passed in Last Legislative Assembly and
Opinion of Attorney General Bonner To
Make Allotment of Appropriation in In
verse Proportion To Taxable Valuation.

Twentyeight of Monanas counties will share in the aot-
Of $250000 appropriated by the last legislature to
the receipts in those counties from the sxm
fund levy where the receipts found insufficient to meet the
necessary expenditures properly chargeabe the county
This the decision reached by the state board of pub
of the board in Helena July All members of the board
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1941-07-09
EXECUTIVE
ORDER BARS
DISCRsMINAT l0N
Determinations On Account
of Race, Creed, Color or Ma
tional Origin, Barred by
President in Order Signed
Recently.

Organization of committee to in
sure fair employment practices in in
dustries engaged in defense produc-
ton, to insure elimination of discrimi-
nation against employment of persons
because of color, race, creed or ma
tional origin has been ordered by the
President. The committee is directed
to receive and investigate complaints
of discrimination in violation of the
provisions of this order and shall take
appropriate steps to redress griev-
ances which it finds to be valid The
committee shall also recommend to
the several departments and agencies
of the government of the United
States and to the President all meas
ures which may de deemed by it nee
essary or proper to effectuate the
provisions of this order"
The chairman and members of the
committee will receive no compensa-
ton other than transportation and
necessary expenses.
After a declaration of policy, the
Presidents order continued, as fol-
lows:
"WHEREAS there is evidence that
available and needed workers have
been barred from employment in in
dustries engaged in defense produc-
ton solely because of considerations
of race, creed, color, or national ORR
gin, to the detriment of workers
morale and of national unity:
Continued on Page Four)
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1941-07-09
CHOICE MUST BE between
GUNS OR BUTTER. CAN'T
have BOTH FOR YEARS
Will Take Long Time for CD IS Try To Over
come ~ Years of Under-E] Elsion of Pro-
ductive Capacity and Und Expansion of
the Domestic Market; Defense Production
To Be at Expense of Consumer Production.
By "UNCENSORED"

eight years months u S. economy has
operating along line that lies somewhere between the social
planning Dealers and the private monopoly plan
ming reactonary Old Guard AS result the Deal
quite happened The final prooff needed
eight years of unemployment statistics
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1941-07-09
INSURANCE COMP ANIES
TOP PAYEES UNDER CROP
CONTROL PROGRAM In US.
Reports of the Department of Agriculture
Made This Week Show Two Insurance Com
panies the Two Top Beneficiaries Under
The Triple-A Programs With Omaha Fed
eral Land Bank Running Close Third.

The Prudential Insurance Company Newark N j. topped
the list of recipients of benefit payment checks for compliance
with major phases of the control in 1899
cordng made public this week by the u depart
of agriculture The Metropolitan Life Insurance Com
second place and the Omaha federal land bank
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1941-07-09
dies RUNS
POOR fourth
FOR SENATE
Politicians See His Defeat
AS Reputation of His Pro-
gram of Red-Baiting o
Progressive Organizations
and Labor.

/
AUSTIN, Tex Congressman Mar
tin Dies ran poor fourth in Texas
senatorial race last week Receiving
less than half as many votes as the
winner, Dies failed to press any of
the three top candidates closely. Lead
ership in the race was still contested
at press-time between Gov O'Daniels
and Congressman Lyndon Johnson.
Before the election Congressman
Dies had stated that if the people of
Texas didn't elect him to fill the late
Senator Morris Sheppard's place it
would mean that they rejected the
program he has made notorious
through the Dies committee in the
house of representatives.
Political observers see this cam
paign as one in which the issues were
clearly drawn: Dies had made himself
famous as Americas No. / Red-baiter,
and one Of the leaders in opening the
door to appeasement and attacks on
organizations by Jumping
Communism and Fascism together.
His smashing defeat at the hands Of
the people Of his home state is seen
as what he himself prophesied before
the election-repudiatio of his pro-
gram
The people's voice. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1939-1969, 1941-07-09
THANK YOU

Contributions to the fund for the improvement of
the property Of the Educational Cooperative Publish
ing Company have been received from the following
the last week:
Mrs. Ernest Henderson
Nora Gilbertson
Montana Typographical Conference