davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1941-11-30

The possiblity-some say probability
that Chief of State Marshal Petain soon
will sign peace treaty with the Axis
casts a shadow over the initial successes
of British arms in Libya.
1t is felt in the highest quarters here
that such treaty would mean full CO.
operation Of French naval forces with the
Axis in the Mediterranean, as well as
placing at Germanys disposal the vast
resources Of the French colonial empire
In North Africa, including its excellent
naval bases.
The rejuvenated British high COM
mand momentarily took the wind out Of
the Axis sails when it assumed the in
itiative in Africa and hit the German
Italian forces before adequate reinforce
merits could reach the four Nazi divisions
and the nondescript four or five Fascist
divisions, remnants of Marshal Grazi-
ani's once-proud forces.
Size of Forces Exaggerated.
Inevitable exaggerations have accom-
panied the British move. While unoffi-
cial reports indicated that the forces en-
gagged in this drive by the British
amounted to something like 100000 men,
1t Is in fact, doubtful whether more than
125.O00 have been allowed to participate
in the offensive. The Germans in turn
have been fighting mainly rear-guard ac-
tions, using two panZer divisions and all
the Italians they could lay hands on.
The principal British objective does not
+o ho,, Ioox ol,,
as is known here, not single German
division has been withdrawn from the
German ArmyS reserve pool in the Reich
for Use in Libya. Hence, the pressure on
Russia continues as in the past, and until
Gems. Winter, Snow and Mud decide that
there shall be stalemate on that front
the most important and costly stalemate
the Nazis have had to face since the out
break of the war in 1939-it is unlikely
that any substantial number of forces
will be sent across the Mediterranean.
But what is of real Importance to
Washington and London is the position
OF the French. Until two weeks ago the
United States followed policy of cod
ding the Vichy government. 1t was
realized in both capitals that if the
French were to go over to the Axis camp
bag and baggage the fight in the Eastern
Mediterranean-admi the most
momentous action in this war because
German oil supplies depend on its re-
sult-might turn definitely against the
British.
The State Department, in full agree
ment with the British Foreign Office,
adopted after the fall of France a policy
OF mild friendship toward the Vichy
regime. The policy-framers in Washing
ton half admitted the truth of the con-
tention of the few realists who insisted
that Marshal Petain and his acolytes
were nothing but puppets in the hands
of the Germans. But they added that
SO long as complete subsection could be
prevented and North Africa kept free
of German forces, it was time gained
for the United States and Britain.
Evening star., 1941-11-30
African Front

The ramifcationS OF the African cam
paign include the possibility that if Axis
troops ere victorious against the British
in Llbya and Egypt. they could move
westward and southWestward through
Vichy French Africa and Free French
Africa TO the South Atlantic and estab-
lish center of sea operations far from
the British blockade. The map accom-
panying today's review gives an idea of
the geographical relationship of the pres
ent scene of fighting to the rest of North
Africa and to the Atlantic Ocean.
Tobruk was the first objective of the
British North African drive, which, &C
cording to information that
libyon became available last week,
Drive got off to a flying start be-
cause the Germans did not
at first recognize it for what it was,
major offensive operation aimed at TAX
ing Libya. 1t began week ago last
Monday One British column proceeded
along the coastal fringe of Libya, and
another penetrated the sandy Italian
colony along a southern route. The
anti-AxiS plan aims at killing all Ger
man hopes of turning Africa into Nazi
stronghold and base of wider operations.
British forces Monday captured the
important Axis supply center of Gambut,
halfway from the Libyan- Egyptian bor-
der to Tobruk. At the same time an
Italian communique revealed that the
southern arm of the British invading
forces had proceeded into Libya 200 miles
and taken an Italian garrison north of
Gialo Oasis This operation made the
British attack seem to be turning into
a maneuver of encirclement, following
the German style.
The British hoped that the taking of
Gambut would hamper operation of Axis
supply lines The main military clash
at the weeks beginning was at Sidi
Rezegh, 10 miles southeast of Tobruk,
where the Germans trying to hold the
British and the British trying to reach
their beleaguered comrades met in fierce
tank battle Saturday a week ago and
continued to fight until Wednesday.
Forty-eight hours after the battle of Sidi
Rezegh began, both sides put infantry
men into the conflict and hand-to-hand
fighting became common. South African
and New Zealand regiments supplied the
British infantry strength.
Evening star., 1941-11-30
Russian Front

The Russian story last week was
record of relentless, and slowly success
full, German movement against Moscow
and of new developments in the relation
between Germany and Finland. The
force of the Axis drive in Southern Rus
Sia toward the Caucasus has eased up
since England launched the Libyan cam
paign.
The German high command reported
on Monday in Berlin that Nazi troops
had approached within 81 miles of Mos
COW, the closest yet, and the high COM
mand has established sound reputation
for credibility. One hundred miles south
of Moscow the Russians were being
pushed back in the long and bitter battle
OF Tula, which is a bloody incident in
the Axis attempt to reach Moscow. In
Southern Russia, however, the Reds
opened counterattack against the Nazis
and drove the enemy 81 miles back
across the Donets Plateau Yesterday
Berlin admitted the withdrawal of Ger
man troops from the "city area" of
Rostov.
The ground outside Moscow now is
Winter-hardened and smooth going for
mechanical armies of Ger
Moscow many. Taking Moscow
Periled however, is a difficult stra-
tegic problem. 1t must be
approached from many points at once.
BY the weeks end the Reds were falling
back from Tula, and they were falling
back along the northwest approach to
Moscow in the region of Volokolamsk.
IS miles from the capital.
The Russians gave it as their view of
German strategy that the Nazis are try
ing to encircle Tula and the troops de-
Tending it on the north and east. West
of Moscow at Mozhaisk and southwest
of Moscow at Maloyaroslavets the Rus
slams halted the Germans. At Kiln,
northwest Of Moscow, the Russians
pushed the Germans back. All these
geographical names are familiar now in
the history, which seems long, of the
Evening star., 1941-11-30
PARAMARIBO DRAWS MANY RACES
Dutch Guiono's Capital Is Amozing City
Bv Dr. ". A. G.. Shoemaker De Brxine,
Esthsrlands lnform alton

reach their homes in the jungle with
their purchases of coconuts, mangoes or
bananas.
The population of Paramaribo is
about IS 900, about 1000 of it white. The
whites are virtually all Dutch and the
number of white women is very small.
In contrast to the tremendous metropolis
which has risen on the site of what was
once New Amsterdam, this Dutch city
provides only limited entertainment Of
the kind usually enjoyed by Westerners.
There are a few tennis courts in the
city, a couple of motion picture houses
and bars.
Native Markets Picturesque.
The Palace Hotel, having about 50
rooms, is the largest hostelry in the city.
The government buildings. in many
ways resembling similar edifices in New
England, are grouped around Govern
ment Square, in the middle of which
stands a statue of Queen Wilhelmina.
The market places dotting the city are
extremely picturesque, where Negroes,
Javanese, Hindus and Chinese sell
great variety of goods, including tropical
fruits, Indian earthenware, wood carv-
ings by bush Negroes and other curios.
In the regular shops practically every
thing sold Is American, ranging from
shaving cream to canned foods.
The favorite drinks of the white pop
ulation are beer and Scotch and soda.
Food for the white population comes
mostly from the United States-even
fruit. The cooking closely resembles
that Of the United States and Is
generally good. Owing to the heat, 1t
is customary to rest in the early part
of the afternoon. The danger OF malaria
is not great for the American troops II
they are under proper medical super
vision.
In its wide, sandy streets lined with
palms, tamarind and mahogany trees,
blond Dutchmen in white suits mingle
with Djuka Negroes, many of them
garbed in Western clothes, Javanese girls
in hip-length silk tunics and sarongs.
and coal-black Kota missies, wearing
astonishing costumes and skillfully bal
ancing huge laundry baskets on their
heads.
Evening star., 1941-11-30
PETAIN CASTS A SHADOW ACROSS AFRICA
Collaboration With Axis Would Aid Nozis on New Front

were repeated to Berlin by way of Vichy.
Some wondered why Gen. Weygand ac-
cepted German materials to extend the
railways and highways from North Az
rica to Dakar. Others wondered why he
followed the advice of the German "ex-
perts" to put the natives on 24-hour- "a
day hardlabor schedule to complete this
communication system far ahead of time.
Others wondered why the French sud-
denly decided to replace the original plan
for standard-gauge railway with De-
canville" (small gauge line. But most
OF our observers attributed these facts
to German stupidity" and Gen. Wey.
gand's shrewdness, and let 1t 60 at that.
Results Of Coddling.
The advocates Of the coddling policy
argue now that the advantages-rela-
lively small and not costly-which We
gave Gen. Weygand gained precious time
for us and the British. This may be so,
but the Germans, who will consider their
job in Russia ended soon-either by win
ter stalemate or victory over the Red
forces-are preparing to wage war in the
Eastern Mediterranean.
Otto Abetz Hitler's Ambassador In
Paris, did not even question whether
Gen. Weygand was reliable or not. He
knew that the Vichy proconsul was
strong man and such type of French
man is not desirable in regions in which
the Germans intend to operate. He had
Gen. Weygand removed by Marshal Pc
tain-in spite of Marshal Petain some
reports say-even before Gen. Weygand
arrived in Vichy for consultations.
The stage is now set for complete COL
laboration between France and the
Reich. Officially the French government
will subscribe unreservedly to the new
order" in Europe. In practice this means
that military collaboration will be COM
plete. The French can lend the Nazis
more support in the Mediterranean than
the Italians can. The French feet COM
prises three capital ships, IA light and
heavy cruisers, about IS submarines and
some 30 auxiliaries such as destroyers
and mine layers.
May Agree to Fight British.
This fleet is fully manned. The ma
jority Of its officers and crews are said
to be willing to fight Britain. They all
want to be through with the war, and
the Nazi propaganda that the war can
not end until the British are defeated
has made deep impression on the
navy personnel, which sees only one
side of the picture
Vichy's Vice Premier, Admiral Jean
Darlan, with the help of German propa-
ganda, has taken good care that the
other side of the picture, the truth
about Britain's power to resist and Brit
aims successes at sea, should be kept
from these men.
The French people are expected to
suffer unbelievable hardships this win
ter. From all reports We receive from
France there is not much evidence the
country actually lacks foodstuffs, but
there seems to be . tacit agreement
Evening star., 1941-11-30

of the Russian armies defending Moscow.
The offensive the Germans have been
waging for eight days exceeds in in
tensity everything that preceded it and
this time they are making desperate
effort to seize Moscow" Eugene Petrov
wrote from Moscow for The Star and
the North American Newspaper Alliance
Wednesday. He had spent the five pre-
ceding days watching the course of battle
on the Mozhaisk and Volokolamsk fronts.
He added:
The pressure on the Russian troops
grows fiercer every hour. Having broken
the front at one point, the Germans
fling their tanks into the breach in an
effort to widen it. They are endeavoring
to encircle Moscow, cut off the capital
from the country and compel it to
capitulate."
A statistical resume Of the cost of
the Russian campaign figured in corpses
and by other grisly measures was given
out during the week through the Soviet
Evening star., 1941-11-30

Paramaribo capital of Dutch Guiana,
which was swapped for Manhattan Is
land in the 18th century. in one respect
today is closely akin to New York City
since virtually all races OF the world are
represented in the small city on the
edge of the jungle.
Chinese. whites, Javanese, native In
dians, British Indians and Negroes min
gle in the tropical city where United
States troops arrived this week to help
the Dutch guard the valuable Guiana
bauxite mines. Unlike peoples elsewhere
in the world, these varied races for many
years have lived contentedly side by side
in the tidy, up-to-date city. The pic
tufesque often f1amboyant, apparel worn
by the Negroes and Asiatics, and the
strange 'talki-talki" used by most Of the
native population, make Paramaribo q
city Of amazing sights and sounds.
Wide streets with length of up to
2 miles cross the city, flanked by palms,
light-painted wooden houses and bal
comics adorned with bouquets of multi
colored tropical flowers. Most modern
conveniences are available in the city,
which has efficient electric, gas and water
systems.
American soldiers will not have great
difficulty in making themselves UNDER
stood because most of the people, be-
sides Dutch, understand and speak some
English. The newly arrived American
troops probably will in time have a
smattering of the weird "talh-talki"
which is q mixture of Dutch, french,
Spanish and Negro dialect.
Hot the Year Around.
The climate is hot all the year around,
but during the winter months, from jan
uary to March, it is somewhat cooler,
with fresh winds sweeping in from the
sea.
Bush Negroes from the wild interior,
most of them descendants of slaves who
escaped into the hinterland centuries
ago, frequently visit the city, rowing
down the Surinam River in long, pointed
canoes with grass shelters. When they
leave. these wild-looking, scantily clad
natives say they are going around the
bend" even though 1t may take them
anywhere from . day 10 . month to
Evening star., 1941-11-30

This Kota missile "ensemble- consists
OF a great stif11y starched skirt, bo-
lero jacket blouse with two white strings
hanging down In back and a gigantic
turban twisted into a strange shape. The
skirt is twice as long as the height OF
the wearer. 1t Is fastened under the
arms and the surplus cloth Is looped
over a high belt and forms huge bulge
above the waist. A lump OF stuffed
cloth is fastened on the back to make
the dress even more ample. The turban
is tied in an extremely complicated
fashion and the manner in which it is
wound is supposed to indicate the mood
of the wearer.
Today, the greater part OF the popula-
ton of Dutch Guiana Is still engaged
In farming. The abolition Of slavery In
1868 dealt a severe blow to the planta-
ton system and sugar growing declined.
The remaining plantations are worked
largely by Javanese and British Indians,
who were imported as contract laborers
between 1878 and 1916. The total popu.
lation Is now about 1780O0, including
$4,000 Negroes and half-breeds, $500
Indians; $4,000 British Indians, $4,000
Javanese, 1900 bush Negroes, 1000
Dutch and 1000 other Europeans.
Only Ono City.
Paramaribo Is the only city N the
territory, which Is about the size Of the
State of Wisconsin. AL the other COM
munities, such as Moengo, whore the
most important bauxite mines are 10
Gated, are either villages OF Jungle set
Elements.
Paramaribo may b considered
healthy city despite the threat Of trop-
ical diseases, including malaria, and even
leprosy. The death rate in Dutch Gui-
ana is only liz per 1000, which is very
favorable for tropical country. It 10
not higher than that of the United
States and half Of the percentage Of the
neighborhood countries, thanks 70 the
efficient medical system set up by the
Dutch There are So qualified doctors.
five well-equipped hospitals, having .
total Of more than 600 beds, h Dutch
Guiana.
(No4th Amsetsaa NsWDaew kanaaA
Evening star., 1941-11-30
Ear Eastern Front

The center of the Far Eastern front
D. c., where Saburo Kurusu, the special
japanese envoy. saw President Roosevelt
and Secretary of State Hull in series
of conferences whose aim is to halt the
spread Of war in the Pacific region. Fri
day the President left for Warm Springs
with the remark that he might come
back sooner than he expected if the
Evening star., 1941-11-30
Review of 777th Week of War
By Blair BoHes.

Tobuk Gondar,
the big the watching
The British pressing slowly westward Northern Africa the Axis
Ronme
IN Iby beged for months
stronghold IN East Africa by taking Gondar Ethiopia its fall
moved the threat the British Africa
closer to Moscow than since the the
capital
Dutch Australian and Chinese officials talked
Eastern settlement brought here by Sabuo
emisSary Unsatisfactory settlement
raed by the Thaiand bring
Northern South
Evening star., 1941-11-30

Information Bureau at the temporary
capital of Kuibyshev. The Reds ad-
mitted the loss to themselves of 2,122,0 900
men in dead wounded and missing since
the campaign began June %, little over
five months ago. 1t set the German
losses at 100000. 1t separated the Rus
sian losses as 100000 killed, 1,112,0O0
wounded and more than $4,000 missing,
Russian equipment losses were placed at
1900 tanks, 6,400 planes and $4,000 guns.
Evening star., 1941-11-30


ne " IA
e tim A three o u
Ia
Fascist on o
b a is S y O. pHtco
P
Evening star., 1941-11-30

German push against Moscow. The Ger
mans are still good distance from their
objective, Moscow, and they have not
accomplished their aim, the entrapment
Evening star., 1941-11-30

A Use Of nav I bases transit PRIV
- Heses IN Strategic colonies.
4 ::.:: 6: ::::::: is: ::::: :::: ::::: 6: long
~ Naval fence" across Medter.
rsnesn Al ITS nsro~est point
The Nome nugget., 1941-02-14
FORFEITURE NOTICE

To Chas. Olsen, his heirs, ex- tcutors, administrators and as- signs.
 You and each of you are here by notified that I have expend- ed during the y. ar ending July lst, 1940, two hundred dolIars m labor and improvements upon the Sand Hill Association Placer mining claim, situated on the r ght bank of Snake River about three and one half miles north westerly from the mouth thereof and the town of Nome in the Cape Nome Mining and Record ing District, Territory of Alas ka, in order to hold said mining claim under the provisions of U. 5. C. Tit. 30 Sec. 28, and amend ments thereto concerning annual labor upon mining claims, being the amount required to hold said claim for the period ending July lst, 1940.
 And if, within ninety days af, ter the publication of this Notice you fail to contribute your pro- portion of such expenditure as a co-oWner, which amounts 10 one hundred dollars, your interest in the property of the subscriber, your co-owner, who has made the required expenditure to hold said claim.
 Dated at Nome, Alaska, the 6th day of December, 1940.
 John Carlson, Co-owner
 Publish Dec. 6 13 20 27, 194O, Jan. 3 10 IF 24 31, Feb. 2 IA 21 28, 1941.
The Nome nugget., 1941-02-14
WITHOUT WINDOWS

Walls of the plant are to be of prc-fabricated, corrugated, splin- ter proof steel. There will not be a window in the building. Exits and entrances will have double doors, like storm doors, so that under no circumstances can light escape from the building. Inside the corrugations of the walls will run the tubing for air-condtion- ing and wires for fluorescent lights which will illuminate the int rior night and day.
 The plant is the second struc- ture built along these lines by the Pittsburgh firm, the other be ing the Allison airplane engine pant at Indianapolis. The com pany also hasa number of plants in Liverpool, England, wh.re the structures have been tested un- der actual war conditions.
 According to cabled reports from London, one of the chief benefits to the building under bomb-fre is that Whsn direct or clcsa hits blow out the walls, damaged sections can be replaced almost instantly.
The Nome nugget., 1941-02-14
HOLLYWOOD STAR-LlrES
By Chuck Goddard

HOLLYWOOD (Exc asiveJ - During that brief spell between pictures fl mland's favorites spend their idle moments relax ing in the heart of the desert und.r a broiling winter sun - Some stars who find their sum. mes filled with movie work gc 10 Pam Springs during the win, CT tc vacation.
 Hollywood likes this vacation wonderland because informality $ .he keynote-s acks and swim ming trunks being the correct az parel at all timss - Swimming horseback riding, tennising, golf ing, badminton playing, ping ponging, as well as every other conceivable outdoor sport are just a few of the pastimes.
 January is graduation time in Hollywood - Some of the fea- tured play-rs who have been ele- vated to full-fedged stardom as a result of their work in 1940 films include: Ronald Reagan, James Stephenson, Virginia Gilmore, Brian 'Donlevy, E ddie Albert, Brenda Marshall and Dennis Nor uan
The Nome nugget., 1941-02-14
By JACK STINNETT

WASHINGTON, Feb-The fore man of huge airplane factory wa ks through the shop, tapping this man and that on the should CT. As part of the defense pro gram,' he says "We're having a camouflage drill. Get up on the roof and play a round of go f.'
 Sounds silly, doesn't it? But take the word of group of Pitts burgh steel firm officials here to discuss plant construction pos abilities with the National De- fense Commission, something lik- that can happen in a few months in Texas. Here's how:
 Work already has started a. Hensley Field, near Dallas, ac- cording to J. Gordon Trumbull, stee company engineer, on 20- acre, all b.ackout, camouaaged plant for the North American Aviation Company. Construction plans call for a dummy golf courss on the 20-acre roof. And what could make the camouf1age 50 effective as having a couple of foursomes apparently dubbing around in case enemy scouting D anes were out searching for possible objectiv.s.
The Nome nugget., 1941-02-14
SEE CONSTRUCTION RECORD

The Texas plant, officials say, will be completed in 105 days from the time work started, be- i-v d to be a record for con struc.ion of a factory of such size.
 The Dallas plant is just an other step in the use of pre-fab ricated steel in the defense pro gram. At Quantico, Va, the Ma line Corps base, 100 -nlis,ed men and their families soon will be occupying the first defense hous- ing program homes built of pre- fabricated welded steel panels.
 inc. same construction is be- ing used in 100 twelve family apartment units for shipyard em ployees at Newport News, Va.
 These houses are demountable under roofs of sheet steel panels and, except for outer sidewalks of bestos shingles, over insulation board sheathing, are completely of s.eel.In the case of the Quan- tico two-family units, ten men working eight hours can get one ready for occupancy in "a single
The Nome nugget., 1941-02-14
the court in 1911.
Requested To Quit

Justice Fled, reported to be in a condition of approaching sen ilify" at the age of 81, was pri- vat ly requested by fellow mem bers of the court 10 resign in 1897. Justice Harlan was delegat ed to convey to Field the message that Field himself had carried to Justice Grier, 76 years old.
 Harlan tri-d 10 temper the blow by recalling Fields unpleas ant errand on the previous oc- casion. Fields answer was report ed to have been the gruff exclam ation:
 "Yes, and it was the dirtiest dsed of my whole life" Field re signed but under protest.
 The great Oliver Wendell Holmes, whose intellectual vigor and clarity in his late eighties were internationally r-cogniz- cd, was the oldest man to sit oa the Supreme Court. He was go ing on 91 and had been on the high bench 29 years when he re signed in 1882.