davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1941-12-22
Gen. Won Brauchitsch
0usted , Hitler Takes
Command Of Army
Fuehrer Gives No Reason;
Wide Speculation
Follows Action
fTeIt OF Httler's statement on
Page All

By the Associated Press
BERN, Switzerland. Dec. 22-Field
Mar1hal Gen. Walther Won Brauch-
itSch, who led the German armies
v1ctoriously through France, across
the Balkans and into Russia, was
tumbled from a hero's pedestal to-
day by Adolf Hitler's momentous
decision to assume personal COM
mand Of his legionS.
The Fuehrer's stroke. taken at an
hour when he himself declared Ger
many's battle was fast approaching
its "culminating and turning point y
created a sensation when it was dis
closed last night in dispatches from
Berlin.
(Hitlers assumption of full
command was announced in the
Berlin newspapers today without
commentO
Observers in this neutral capital,
seeking an explanation for move
which they believed must have not
only profound causes but vital con-
sequences saw these possibilities:
l. That the German reverses in
Russia-which Berlin has discount
ed as strategic withdrawal to
winter holding positions-actually
are so serious that Hitler has lost
faith in his army command.
2. That serious rift has developed
between German army leaders and
Nazi party chieftains on question
of strategy.
3. That the whole maneuver is
feint-a piece Of Nazi trickery de-
signed to distract the attention of
Germany's enemies from some new
move now in the process of making,
such as an invasion of England, an
attack on Turkey or thrust
through Spain toward Gibraltar.
The Stockholm correspondent of
the Swiss newspaper National Zei-
tung quoted German newspapers as
saying Hitler probably would intruSt
actual army command to his two
intimates, Gen. Alfred Jodl and
Col. Gen. Franz Halder. Gen. Jodl,
an artilleryman, has been a sort
of personal adviser to the Fuehrer
on military matters. Gen. Halder
has been chief of the general staff
of the army. 1t was thought that
Hitler would not be able personally
to carry out the command of the
army because of his other duties.
The Stockholm correspondent said
the Swedish press believed Gen.
Brauchitsch's amazing custer was
-for other than military reasons"
The announcements from Berlin
of the change disclosed that it
actually was effective on Decem-
ber 10.
"a London source which often
has made remarkably accurate
ehind-the-scenes information
said Hitler's action indicated the
Germans we're preparing for a
swift attack to close the Mediter-
raneanD
Hitler himself gave no clue to the
real reasons for his move, though
some quarters attached significance
to his predatory statement that the
Evening star., 1941-12-22
Deaths Reported

John Galligan. ~. United States Soldiers
Frank nGme c. hssRiis't smlth ~ 5ao7 14th st. nv
William C Harry. II 55Ol North Capitol.
William NJ Newman; q; 9o6, Perry pl. n e.
Louis Gemmett, so, 81. Elizabeth Hos
pltal
George H Benedict IS. 57l2 32d 81. NV.
Anna L Devers. 81, Georgetovn Hospital.
Henry NJ. Onley. "a, Walter Reed General
Hospital
Norval r Ball /. Providence Hospital.
Jane Thomas. 50, Galllnger Hospital
Harriet A. Poindexter, 81, 1ol5 Church
ST. nv.
George B Smackum. 81 1925 Park I'd.
Adophus Rsndell 43, 1927 P ST. NV
Phoebe Jackson a., Emergency Hospital,
Paul Davis. 36. Freedmen Hospital
Ruth Carer. 3S. Columbia Hospital.
Evening star., 1941-12-22
D. G.. Defense
Continued From First Page }

horns placed at strategic spots
throughout the city.
All three Commissioners agreed
that the test mobilization yesterday
merely confirmed what they already
knew-that the makeshift signal
system was not adequate to flash the
alarm to the entire population.
On the basis of preliminary re-
ports from their key defense chiefs.
civilian defense authorities were
highly pleased with the efficient
manner in which about $4,000 VOL
unteers conducted the initial mo-
bilization throughout the Metropol-
itan Area after the alert was sound
ed at 8:47 am. yesterday. But they
were in no mood for back-slapping
The major task of the moment,
they said, is to obtain AFRAID
warning devices to supplant the
sirens which sounded the signals
yesterday in a manner that left
all but a small percentage of the
population unaware the rehearsal
was in progress.
The need for new signal devices
was amply demonstrated during
the mobilization. AS far as the air.
raid wardens, auxiliary police and
firemen, feeding and billeting units
and other arms of the organization
were concerned, everything went OIL
with precision. The communications
system which flashed the alarm to
defense chiefs and their subordinates
threw the entire organization into
action instantly. But few citizens
knew what was going on until
long after it was all over because
the warning sirens were so poor.
Better Than Anticipated.
On the bright side of the ledger,
though, were the commendatory re-
ports on the conduct of the army
of volunteers. Without waiting for
the formal reports of their key de-
fense chiefs, which probably will be
submitted today, both Col. Lemuel
Bolles, executive director of civilian
defense. and Commissioner John
Russell Young. co-ordinator of civil
ian defense for the Metropolitan
Area, declared that the test was car
ried out much better than had been
expected for the first mobilization.
Il am satisfied now that we have
the beginning of sound ograniza-
tion-one that will be very effec-
tive in a short time" said Col.
Bolles. We've got an organization
now that is good enough to detect
its own defects and correct them"
Col. Bolles emphasized that the
set-up has not approached the
degree of organization necessary to
full protection, but declared that
he was greatly encouraged by the
results. The only man who knew
the exact time the test would begin,
Col. Bolles stationed himself at COM
munications headquarters with
Herbert Friede, communications
chief, and gave the signals which
set the machinery in motion.
At 8:47 am. he ordered the ''yel-
low" alert signal, which was cleared
to all defense posts in Washington
Evening star., 1941-12-22

squads, emergency feeding and
housing units, hospital STATS, cas-
ualty stations, first-aid posts, utility
repair squads, demolition and de-
contamination squads, telephone,
light and power units; uniformed
members of the American Red
Cross, American Women's Volun-
teer Services, American Legion, Vet
Grams of Foreign Wars. Disabled
American Veterans and members OF
the press
Evening star., 1941-12-22
Italians Report Victory
Over British Forces
In Battle al Sea
Two Destroyers Declared
Put Out of Action and
BottIeship SheIIed
BY the Associated Press.

BERLIN, Dec % (official broad
cast Italian sources last night de-
clared that a British destroyer was
sunk, another left in sinking condi-
ton. a battleship hit by shell fire
and several other ships hit by bombs
and torpedoes in clash late We'd
nesday with an Italian naval force
in the Gulf of Sirte
They added that the British fed
behind smoke screen.
AS a result, dispatches from Italy
said yesterday. an important convoy
was forced through to its destina-
ton.
Reporting the action previously
mentioned IL Rome's Saturday COM
munique, these sources said the Ital--
ian high command had foreseen that
the British would attempt to pre-
vent passage of the convoy.
Sent Out Naval Squadron. :
Accordingly, the Italians sent out,
naval squadron, posted SUBJ
marines to watch British naval
movements from Malta and Alexan-
dria and detached all the airplanes
which could be spared from African
operations. I:
The naval units intercepted
strong British naval squadron, ?
escorted by air squadrons, about
sunset, it was said. .
With Italian Warships and planes
joining in the action, the two British.
destroyers we're declared to have
been put out of action by shell fire
The battleship also was hit BY
shells, while bombs and torpedoes
from the planes hit several more
of the British warships.
Report British Withdrawal.
After only a few minutes of this
action, it was said, the British
squadron changed course and with
drew under the protection of fall
ing dusk and an artificial fog.
Not a single italian ship was
damaged, 1t was reported here.
The Italian communiQue Satur-
day said light British naval unit
was sunk, and another hit probably
fatally and a large ship damaged.
A British communique from Cairo
said two transports. one of 5000 tons
and another of 1000 tons, were sunk
from heavily guarded convoy near
Tripoh on Tuesday when naval air.
craft shot torpedoes at four ships.
Evening star., 1941-12-22

bw mudngn naN
Evening star., 1941-12-22

had been timed to form a junction
with the troops landing today.
Closest Approach to Manila.
Evening star., 1941-12-22

had been timed to form a junction
with the troops landing today.
Closest Approach to Manila.
The appearance of the Japanese
in the Lingayen area was the closest
to Manila that a large hostile force
had penetrated since the United
States won the Philippines at the
turn of the century.
The United States Far Eastern
command tersely announced the
presence of the giant expeditionary
force in this communique issued at
11:15 am. (9:15 pm, E. S. T., Sum-
day.:
There was sighted this morning
of Lingayen Gulf a huge enemy
fleet estimated at 80 transports. Un-
doubtedly this is a major expe-
dictionary drive being aimed at the
Philippines"
In the first week OF the war the
Japanese attempted a landing at
the port of Lingayen. on the south
shore Of the Gulf OF Lingayen, but
the quick and determined action of
a division of Filipino troops wiped
out that threat. Many Japanese
were killed.
The japanese have established
beachheads at Vigan, Aparri, on the
northern coast of Luzon, $50 miles
from Manila. and at Legaspi, on the
southeastern coast, $50 miles from
Manila.
Gen. Macarthur has insisted time
after time that the Philippines can
be defended successfully. 1t has
been known for some time that mill
tary strategists considered the Lin
gayen area the most likely spot for
an invasion effort. The gulf is
fairly shallow, but has deep
channels and various fine ports.
While the action of Lingayen was
developing land perhaps in concert
with it, japanese planes raided
Manila twice today.
The first raiders, six planes which
flew in high over the city at 7:42
am. (5:42 pm, E. S. T. Sunday
dropped the heaviest bombs yet felt
in the capital, but it was said only
slight damage was caused. Most Of
the bombs fell harmlessly in the
harbor.
The Army announced that Nichols
Field was bombed. That raid lasted
only 80 minutes and the raiders were
greeted by a barrage of anti-aircraft
fire.
The second attack came at 1:20
pm. 11:20 pm, E. S. T. Sunday
when three bombers, flying so high
they could not be seen by the un-
aided eye, unloaded q few bombs
and flew north toward Lingayen.
Military circles said the Japanese
appeared to be using bombs three
times the size of those dropped in
raids during the first two weeks of
the war.
With at least three air bases now
established on Luzon Island-pre-
sumably at Vigan, Aparri and Le-
gaspi-the Japanese planes are able
to carry bigger loads. The planes
in the first raid appeared to be
three-engined bombers.
Meanwhile, the Japanese invaders
at Vigan were said to be thrusting
cautiously southwark toward ,Man-
lila, and confused fighting continued
on the shore of the Guf of Davao,
on the southern edge of the Philip
pines.
Gen. MacArthur's headquarters in
q short communique this morning
said there is continuing activity
south Of Vigan, but nothing serious
Evening star., 1941-12-22
Former Actress Dies

HOLLYWOOD, Dec. % (Fl.-Mrs
Charlotte Wallace Munro, II, for
mer Broadway actress known pro-
fessionally as Charlotte Tittell, died
Saturday. She will be buried here
tomorrow. Mrs. Munro, who ap-
peared opposite E. H. Sothern in
several plays, is survived by her
husband. Wallace Munro. New York
writer.
Evening star., 1941-12-22

IE LII lN huOIl al oCN.
WALTHER Won BRAUCHITSCH.
campaign in the East has assumed
proportions which exceeded all past
notions"
In announcing that he had re-
placed Gen. Won Brauchitsch, Hitler
gave only this cryptic explanation.
THE vastness Of the theater Of
war. the close connection of the con-
duct of land operations with the
political and economic war aims,
and also the numerical size of the
army compared with other parts
of the armed forces, have induced
the Fuehrer to follow his intuitions
and to influence in the strongest
possible manner the operation and
equipment of the army and to re-
serve to himself personally all
essential decisions in this sphere"
Recalling that he had answered
an inward CALI when he became
his "oWn generalisSimo" and took
charge of all the German armed
forces early in 1888, Hitler said that
now he must take personal direction.
of the army combining "in his own
hands the leadership of the whole
armed forces with the supreme COM
mand of the army"
No Hint of New Position.
Hitler said he was replacing Gen.
Won Brauchitsch while fully recog-
nizing his merits" but gave no hint
of the position to which the erst-
while army leader had been rele-
gated.
After announcing the change In
leadership, Hitler addressed a per-
sonal message to the army, appeal
ing to his troops for fanatical cour-
age and asking their loyalty and
obedience.
Hitler told his soldiers that "the
present war now is entering new
and favorable stage for us" and
that Germany was facing a decision
of worldwide Importance" but he
acknowledged frankly that the Ger
man offensive in Russia had begged
down for the winter.
"Our armies in the East" he said,
"after immortal victories without
parallel in world history against the
most dangerous enemy of all time,
must now, owing to the onset of
winter, be brought from mobile
progress into a stationary front.
1T is their task, up to the coming
OF spring, to hold and defend with
fanaticism what they hitherto have
conquered with immeasurable hero
ism and heavy sacrifices"
Appeals as Former Soldier.
He made his appeal to the troops
as an old World War soldier who
had experience personally the hor-
Yors of almost all battles, was
Evening star., 1941-12-22
Berlin Radio Ends
Program Without
Usual Hell Hitler
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
LONDON, Dec. 22.-Radio
listeners reported last night
that following the announce
ment by the German radio of
the change In the Nazi high
command the Berlin station
ended the program without the
customary Hell Hitler"
Evening star., 1941-09-08
New York Produce

Day. SE~ .sfeIpss aGak isSle fsS5 sssady F% F%9
m,xed ea GoOT fspsg apeged to & Extra fsnGy @am R4
Ss5.; dir dirties les Nc. 0si i, $ss9aS&; sTeTaEs
Whites; ,lResales Of premium marks,
f1 am Marks Ns?F9z 96 f0d MdTfster8 sbeeGss
standards, 33; resales of exchange to
fancy heavier mediums, 35l2-39), Me
diums, 34k35: tresales of commercial to
and Midwestern pullets, 2712-2S: peewees,
Browns: Nearby and Midwestern, fancy
to extTs fancy 33R specials 30'2 stand
Butter, two days receipts ,335 100,
hrmer. Creamery, Higher than 92 score
End premium MARKS s ss9 scoTe & cSs
s4-s7 score, 3l-32. o
Cheese, two days receiptsit 3s6i,dss66' ids6
Dressed poultry firm; Fresh; Boxes. fowls
1894; S6-65 pounds, 54-26,, Chickens
brolers. 20-29; fryers. 19l2.2li Y; roasterS
I4s las0 rrooe6 o6 TSGssFi B6sss for 86ds
19la-2115: 4s-54 pounds, 1924; 60-65
pounds, 1926 Chickens. roosters l9mlt-
ted; old ROSTERS 1612-l9; TURKEYS,
toms, 2Ila-33 Western. young hens 22 "
243Ia; young toms 22-35Ia Ducks, l61a-
Live poultry. by freight. nominal, no
sales. BY express. irregular; Broilers,
Rocks, fancy, "a; crosses. 20l2.2l; some
81 "a: colored, 17l2-1a; Reds: 1920. fowls,
%; few 80 Leghorn, nearby. 90 PulletSS'
"a crosses, large, 81 medium 24-25. Old
roosters, 1915.
Evening star., 1941-09-08
Men Will Have
Fewer Styles
OfCIothing
BY the Associated Press.

NEW YORK, Sept. 8.-The Wall
Street Journal said today:
"Semi-standardization of mems
clothing is coming.
This doesn't mean the Nation
is going to be put into a sort Of
civilian uniform, or even that cloth
ing purchasers will be 'rigidly linn
tied in their choice of styles and pat
terms.
1T does mean, however, that
there probably will be about 80 per
cent less variety of wool cloth pat
terms and styles to choose from this
winter. AS time goes on, the option
may be further narrowed.
Textile manufacturers have long
looked for the opportunity to bring
production down to a relatively few
varieties of the types of cloth milled.
THE present sellers market pro-
videS that chance"
Evening star., 1941-09-08
Chicuqo Produce

CHICAGO, Sept. 8 0P.-Poultry, live
"a trucks. easier; hens, over S pounds,
2012; 5 pounds and down. 20; Leghorn
coiored. i7Hs Plymouth ROCK, 2ois Ga WHIT, White
16ha; Plymouth Rock, 1874 White Rock,
1SR; under 4 pounds. colored, II: Plym-
outh Rock, 1914 White Rock. 1917; bare
horn roosters, 1917; ducks, Az pounds
up colored, 10; white, Is; small, colored.
13; white, 13; geese, young. 10; old IL;
Butter. receipts, 711,797, firm; creamery.
"a "a; 80, 3314: IS, 3234; 80 centralized
CARROTS 35. EGGS. receipts. 7;4s4, steady:
fresh graded, extra firsts, local 3012: cars,
81; frsts, local, 2S1z; cars. 2Sa4; current
receipts, 271a; dirties, 251a; checks. 241a;
storage packed flrsts, 81.
total United States shipments, Saturday,
2S3; Sunday, SO: supplies moderate; de-
mand fair; market for Idaho Russet Bur-
banks, U. S. No, l.. slightly stronger: for
Idaho Russet Burbanks, u s. No. 2. steady;
offerings other sections all varieties,
steady: Idaho Russet Burbanks, o. S. No. l.,
2.00-15; Bliss Triumphs, u S, No. l. 1.55:
long whites, U s. No. l, 1856; Minnesota
and North Dakota Bliss Triumphs, U, s.
No. l, 1.30-35; Minnesota Cobblers, U. s.
No. l. .1.10-25: Early Ohios, Q. 8. No. !,
1.06-1o; Wisconsin Cobblers, o. s. No. !.
1.l0-15: Bliss Triumphs. o. 8. No. 1,
1 30-A0
Evening star., 1941-09-08
Washington Produce

BUTTER--93 score, tubs, 80: 1-pound
prints. 39i2; A-pound prints, 40; 81
score, tubs. 37lz; l-pound prints, 3S; "a
pound prints, 3S12; 9l score, tubs. 3bt2
1-pound prints, 81; 14-pound prints, ~ "a
90 score. tubs, 359.; pound prints, 36i4
L-pound prints, 3634; 50 score. tubs 34l
pound prints, 34a4; 4-pound prints
35l4: SO score. tubs. 33i2; l-pound prints,
"a I.-pound prints. 34l2.
LIVESTOCK-CalVes, 121z; spring lambs
From Agricultural Marketing Service.
Prices paid net fob. Washington:
EGGS-Market steady. Prices paid Tor
Federal-State Graded eggs received from
grading stations September 81. Whites,
U. S extras, large, 1914; mostly 44 y.
s. extras, mediums, 35-36: U. s. stand
ards, laroe 37-39' mostly 80: U. S. stand
ards, mediums. 1894 U. S. trades, 1885,
mostly 99i2o oEaig sT0wns y extTss extras,
medgmS ot3iS $2 standaGdSd large ms
diums 1894: U 6. trades, 25-2s Near
Whites, mostly 1882; mixed colors mostly
$500 Receipts Government graded esgs'
LIVE POULTRY-Msrket steady. Fowl:
Leghorn hens. all sizes, 1915. Roosters;
1912. Chickens, Virginia broilers and
fryers. all sizes. 1920: No. 2s. l3. Della
ware Rocks and crosses, broilers and fry
ers, AL sizes. 1920; mostly 10; No; IS.
13 Leghorn broilers, l7-ls. Turkeys,
young toms, Ia pounds and up. 25; young
hens 10 pounds and up, 25; No. rs and
undersiZes. is.
Evening star., 1941-09-08
By the Associated Press.


NEW YORK, Sept Especial
buying lifted prices sharply in a
number of corporate liens today,
but the general bond market con-
tinued in narrow and irregular
trends.
Up a point or more near the final
hour were Pittsburgh g. West Vir-
ginia Alas, Silesian-American rs and
Abitibi Paper g. Power 5s.
Tending lower were Santa Fe As
of '95, Nickel Plate 4l2s, Pere Mar
ouette IS and Illinois Central 4s4s.
United States Governments, In
small trades, were unchanged to
small fractions lower in over-the-
counter dealings.
The foreign government dollar
loan list, virtually ignored, saw
gains recorded for Canadian, Cuban
and Polish issues and losses for Ger
man bonds.
International Telephone SIS be-
came active in the final hour and
ended up a point at 40. Others
ahead at the close included Cuban
Northern Railway 51as at 2215 and
Abitibi Power IS at 58&.
Evening star., 1941-09-08
Canada Orders
Sharp Cut in
Auto Output

OTTAWA, Sept. Canadian
Press Munitions Minister Howe
today announced an rder-in-council
curtailing production of passenger
automobiles for sale in Canada in
1912 to approximately A per cent Of
the 1910 total.
The government reserved the right
to restrict or prohibit entirely the
production of automobiles.
In 1910, Howe said, production ran
at an average of II 900 cars month
for the first seven months, and at
an average of 300 month for the
remaining five months.
Evening star., 1941-09-08
New York Cotton
BY the Associated Press.

by tic ASSbI4dNcu
NEW YORK, Sept. 8.-Cotton fu-
lures scared into new high ground
today despite bearish interpretations
of the Government crop estimate.
The report was only 100000 bales
under the August estimate, while
the trade had looked for reduction
of as much as 100000 bales.
Strengthening of the holding
movement in the South and sharp
advances In other commodities to-
gether with heavy trade and specu-
lative buying. overshadowed early
depressing influences.
Late afternoon values were up II
to % points; october, 1851; Decem-
ber. 1872, and July, 1919.
Active short covering and trade
and New Orleans buying in last
half hour lifted values to the best
levels of the day.
Evening star., 1941-09-08
u. 5. Rubber Starts
Construction Of
Synthetic Plant
Fuctory Will Have
Initial Capacity of
10000 Tons q Yeur
Ev TIE Associated Press.

NAUGATUCK, Conn, Sept. g.
The United States Rubber Co. broke
ground today for projected syn
thetic rubber factory which is to
have an initial capacity of 10000
tons a year.
The plant will be located near the
site of the little shop where Charles
Goodyear first demonstrated COM
mercially his process of vulcaniza-
ton. F. B. Davis, jr., president of
United States Rubber, and Kenneth
Goodyear, descendant of the in
ventor's family, turned the first
spade of earth.
Davis emphasized the Importance
of the product the new plant will
turn out.
synthetic rubber is especially i'm
portant to the Nation at this time
for two reasons" he said.
First, it has properties superior
IN many respects TO those OF natural
rubber that make its use extremely
valuable for numerous defense prod
ucts. For example, synthetic rub
ber'S superior resistance to gas, oil
and acids makes its use all-im-
portant in self-sealing gas tanks,
fuel hose, tank Innings, machine
mountings, packings and many
other allied products"
Production of synthetic rubber in
1941, Davis pointed out, would be
only a fraction" of the country's
consumption of 100000 to 100000
tons of crude ruber a year, but he
added the Government and rubber
industry were steadily attaching
more Importance to the synthetic
product.
The plant is being built under
an agreement of lease between the
rubber company and the Defense
Plant Corp. The latter is advanc-
ing funds for construction, with the
company in charge Of operations. .
Evening star., 1941-09-08
Kress Sales Up
1919 Per Cent
From Year Ago
BY the Associated Press

By the Associated Press.
NEW YORK, Sept. 8.-S. H. Kress
& Co. reported today August sales
of sS,021,512 compared with S6,69l,
497 in August, 1910, an increase of
1919 per cent.
Sales for the first eight months Of
i941 were s59,645,550 against $50
555,492 in the like 1910 period, or a
gain of 16 per cent.