davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1941-06-29

up their own menus as well as doing the
cooking, baking and serving, but they
use the list of foods supplied by the
service.
This is the average daily diet Gin
percentages of pounds
Meat, rs; lard, oils and butter, Is;
spaghetti, -four macaroni and cereals,
80; dairy products including ice cream,
100; eggs, .03; sugar, sirups, jellies and
sweets, 25; coffee. tea or cocoa, 10;
leafy vegetables, go; root vegetables,
100; dried beans, peas, etc, 10; fresh
and canned fruit, is; yeast, baking pow
der, etc, O15; spices, salt. etc, 10.
To Cut Food Costs.
Each barracks has its own kitchen
and dining room, but all this will be
changed when conversion of a large
garage into general mess hall has been
completed. incidentally, use of single
community kitchen is expected to cut
the average daily cost of feeding a
defence from the present 41S9 cents to
80 cents
The officers from the various ships
have been living and eating in one bar
racks, and the sailors and other Italians
in the remaining three barracks.
A construction program has just been
started under which 16 barracks will be
added and the fenced-in area will be
increased to 900 by $500 feet, doubling
the camp capacity and tripling the rec
reation area.
The only visitor to the camp during its
first two months was an italian diplo-
matte representative who came to ar
range for spending money for the de-
tenees, each of whom gets IS a month
from an Italian ship line. Purchases
for the detenees are made by service
Evening star., 1941-06-29

personnel and pass through the post
headquarters before being delivered. Mail
also must go through the post headQuar-
tiers, although it is not censored.
The fence, which is topped by four
strands of barbed wire, is floodlighted at
night Two 25-foot guard towers over
look the detention grounds and guard
tours the area on foot every Is minutes
during the night The detenees are
checked in three times daily.
The service has laid elaborate plans for
apprehension in event of an escape and
has telephone warning system-which
will be replaced soon by radio.
With this system, the service feels
that, within Is minutes of an alarm, it
could establish blocks at regular in
tervals on all highways and roads within
$50 miles.
The terrain is such that a stranger
would find it impossible to leave the
valley by any route other than the known
roads which follow the four mountain
passes. And wherever a telephone line
I6dClleU, llt WOulu 41I4O llIdG a wal I4I4l6
had gone ahead.
All is not work and eat, however. An
Italian loves to sing and plar. and any
Well-run democracy must provide that,
So Bella Vista has a recreation ground
not so large as it will be later on, but
ample for their game of "boccie," which
resembles bowling, and for soccer
matches. Card games ard singing need
no special equipment and are very popu-
lar.
But for real popularity, the Bella Vista
Band is tops. 1t gives a weekly concert
and has been given permission to use a
large recreation hall which lies outside
the detention area.
Evening star., 1941-06-29

During a recent visit to Washington
on o. R. c. affairs, Lieut.. Col. James P.
Hollers, president of the Reserve Officers
Association, himself a veteran Of the
World War, explained:
The selective service trainees today
are receiving infinitely better training
than the men in our draft Army % years
ago because of the relatively small in
vestment made in the o. r. c. 1t means
not only that the trainees will be in
more competent hands, but that the new
Army we are creating will be much better
qualified and led.
And can say this without disparag-
ing in any way the emergency officers
who trained and led our World War
Army. know from experience the diff
culties they had to overcome. Our aver
age officer today has a long headstart
that augurs well for our national defense
program"
AS the first Reserve officers to be called
up complete their year of training others
will be summoned to replace them,
spreading the training and experience
around among as large number as pos
sible and eventually reaching all not de-
ferred by reason of the essential nature
of their jobs or the few eliminated by
physical requirements.
Wherever you find the Army you will
find Reserve officers. Many of them
about 35 per cent-are in the service
branches, but by far the greater number
are in the field arms, the infantry,
cavalry. artillery, the Air Corps, Signal
Corps and engineers. Poring over maps
or charts in the War Plans Division or
leading platoon through the under
brush in field maneuvers, they are con-
tributing a vital share to the national
defense program.
Evening star., 1941-06-29

When you take off to go into action.
there is certain excitement-I suppose.
owing to the uncertainty of what lies
ahead. But there is a sense of relief
from the period of waiting for the opera
ton telephone to ring.
As you busy yourself with the many
things you have to do in your aircraft,
this disappears, and when you run into
action you have feeling of detachment.
1t is rather as though you we're sitting
on your own shoulder watching some
one you know very well, criticizing him
and encouraging him-trying to help
him along. You have no lust to kill,
no personal hatred of the man in the
machine marked with the swastika. l
think your feeling toward him is that
If you do not stop him, he is going to
hurt some one or something of which you
are fond, that he is a menace which
must be destroyed.
A head-on attack in modern aircraft
Evening star., 1941-06-29

on the second. 1t seemed as though it
slowed up and Strengthened out.
At this point forgot all I had learned.
I slowed up and Strengthened up, too,
without looking around.
Not looking around is by far the most
elementary way of getting moved down
in dog fight.
There was a gentleman behind just
hoping I'd do something stupid, and he
knocked my machine out of control with
his little cannon in about two seconds.
moment later, Twas off on the great
est flight of my life, strictly on my
own, bailing out from $4,000 feet
My instrument panel was shattered,
one fuel tank punctured, controls useless,
and liquid-carrying pipes broken.
Perhaps I was lucky to have injury
restricted to leg wounds.
With controls useless, I had no other
alternative than to bail out-and quickly.
1t doesn't take courage to bail out.
Your one fear is that you may not be
able to, and you have a feeling of great
thankfulness when you find that you are
clear of the machine and your parachute
is working.
After slowing up, I was able to watch
the ground getting nearer and nearer.
After a drop of about 10000 feet, could
not resist the temptation of pulling the
ripcord.
There was some cloud at that height,
so had no longer any fear of becoming
sort of trap-shooting target for the
enemy. The parachute opened with
slight jerk, but no discomfort. From there
on, the descent seemed interminable, as
though the earth would never arrive.
Evening star., 1941-06-29
By Ben III. PearSe

period of national emergency with a
reservoir of officer personnel. In the
Civil and Spanish Wars, Off
GERS, for the most part, were elected,
and few had even the rudiments of
military training. The United States en-
tered the World War with list of less
than 1000 trained Reserve officers. The
Plattsburg camps had given some few
hundreds smattering of military knoWl-
edge, but for the mass production re-
quired by large draft army, the only
answer was the officers training camps
which turned out what were commonly
known as "90-day wonders" They served
the purpose remarkably well under the
circumstances. When the Army was
reorganized after the war, however, the
failure to provide an adequate supply
of Reserve officer personnel was one of
the mistakes it was determined not TO
repeat.
The Officers Reserve Corps was estab-
lished in the National Defense Act of
1920 and has been functioning quietly
ever since. The general plan was simple
to enroll the thousands of officers leav-
ing the Army after the war and returning
to civilian life and to insure supply Of
trained requirements as the World War
officers grew older by co-ordinating the
training in colleges throughout the
country. Graduates of the Reserve
officers Training Corps completing a
four-year course of military training in
e k.;-
the Nation are commissioned second
ieutenants in the Officers Reserve Corps.
This year, the Army will receive about
5000 of these young officers, and most
of them will be assigned Immediately to
active duty. The Army only wishes there
were more of them,
Evening star., 1941-06-29
How 1t Feels to Fig ght for Your Life in the Sky
Bv FHpht Lit. Harfland de NJ. Nelson.

instinctively at the right moment, if
possible
Once we had been sent up to intercept
a raid and were looking around hopefully
when we saw about IA ME-110's a short
way off and a little below us. We had
the sun at our backs. They must have
got a glimpse of us because they went
from a loose formation into something
they call defensive circle"-that is,
all chasing their own tails around in
a large ring.
Our leader looked the situation over
carefully and took his time in getting
position and giving his orders.
He got us carefully into the sum- and
when everything was set. led us down
to attack. The first two sections dived
on the Nazis from above and went
around the same way as the circle was
rotating.
Another section dived under the circle
and came UP from below, spraying it
with bullets like garden hose in the
opposite direction to its rotation. The
circle split up, and we all headed for
the coast to cut off escape.
On the way down, we attacked some
survivors and when we finally left the
coast, came home and landed, we found
that between us not more than four
Germans had been seen to get over the
channel. We had no loss and were credit
ed with, I think, four confirmed and a
couple damaged.
I might mention the power of eight
machine-guns and give you an example
of their possibilities. In the course of a
scrap, one of our pilots got behind an
ME-109 and closed in to what he thought
was very satisfactory range, drew a
bead and pushed the button. The 109
simply disintegrated in the air. In fact,
it blew right up in his face.
One bright day, with only little cloud
at around 5000 to 5000 feet, we were sent
up to intercept some fighters just south
of London. They were Messerschmitt
109's. We found them, and after brief
dog-fght, in which I didn't even get
shot. I looked around to find nothing but
a few friendly Hurricanes near me. A
Polish squadron had been with us, so 1t
was impossible for so many airplanes to
have vanished completely.
Then we'll to the south, near the coast,
I saw a large milling mass of aircraft,
like bees around jam pot. A number
of ME-110's, the German twin-engine
fighter, stood out distinctly, so it was
obviously real party.
There were couple of our own trying
to get at these "vultures," and it seemed
the most useful place to go, so I went
up to join in.
I got short bursts at two Nazis and
missed, and then found pair working
together. I chased them around for
few minutes, getting in short bursts
whenever the sights were on. One was
damaged and went down, so started
Evening star., 1941-06-29

vote The council hears the evidence,
decides the case and recommends pun
ishment for the guilty, but the punish-
ment itself is carried out by the service.
The punishment recommended may be
withdrawal of privileges, confinement up
to 80 days in the guardhouse on full or
curtailed rations, confinement up to 80
days in the county Jail, or Punishment
from the camp and confinement else
where.
Thus far, the defence council has tried
about a dozen cases and recommended
the guardhouse for short periods in half
of them In each instance the immigra-
ton officers have followed the recon-
mendation.
The offenses over which the council
exercises jurisdiction include disobedience
of officers (either service or elected det-
enee officers; attempts to cause discord,
disrespect or disobedience; willful de-
struction of property; profane or abusive
language; challenging to fight; disor-
derly conduct; immortality or attack upon
officers
More serious violations would be
handled directly by the service officers,
of course but thus far there haven't been
any serious violations. The principal
offense has been refusal to carry out work
orders from the "commandant.'"
Working around the camp gives the
visitors an appetite, of course, and in
this direction camp procedure has scored
a definite triumph, because the s13 det-
enees consume 1000 pounds of spaghetti
a month.
Much as spaghetti may remind them of
home, they welcome the rest of the diet,
which consists of Army and C. c. C..
standard rations. The detenees make
Evening star., 1941-06-29

is quite a frightening affair. Judging
from our own feelings, think it must
shake the Germans pretty thoroughly.
If you can picture, let's say, "a bomb
ers in a formation of three's in a sort
of v, each v stepped up behind the
one in front, travelling at 275 miles an
hour, and then fighters also in three's
coming in head-on. probably over 300
miles an hour, you can imagine just
how much time you have to think about
what you had for lunch or any normal
thing.
1t all happens in a split second, and
it's simply a case of making up your
mind in advance and doing everything
Evening star., 1941-06-29

The author of the accompanying
article served overseas Uith the Royal
down and suffered severe leg injuries
on his 62d patrol.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-05-26
Nearer the Bottom

The difference in the two
cases is that there is good rea-
son TO believe that the market
Is very much closer 10 the bot
tom than the top. There is also
evidence that il has been show
ing some tendency TO favor the
bull side. and that it is more
reasonable 10 think of it as
being oVerSold than overbought.
For example, consider the &C
ton during the week just
passed There were signs of
buoyancy on last Tuesday and
Wednesday. when 80 leading
stocks showed an average gain
Of about IL points. The vol
ume of trading picked up con-
Siderably during the rally.
Thus on Thursday bad news
brought a reaction of about half
a point, but the volume of
trading declined, and on Friday
and Saturday the market hardly
moved The net result was that
most stocks closed the week
with fractional gains.
More than that, the averages
are higher than al me begin
ming of the month. This means
that each dip has been checked
az a level a little higher than
the preceding one. Thus the
charts give an impression of a
slightly rising lower level.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-05-26
Potential Plane Pilots

Colonel Evans outlined the
procedure Of training glider pi-
lots. First they are taken only
few feet off the ground and
gradually higher and higher as
they attain confidence and
knowledge Of air currents and
updrafts. After going through
10 different stages. they are
finally ready 90 soar at great
levels
And every one Of these boys
who finally gets 10 soar IL n
potential airplane pilot Of no
mean ability" said the colonel
Looking beyond war. il il fine
training for commercial pilots
as well. Every German COM
mercial pilot, j understand.
must also he a glider pilot"
Colonel Evans became inter-
ested IN ghders many years ago
and sent his son. Bob. 10 Ger
many 20 study the art. They
formed the Evans Gliding ASSo-
citation, which later became the
National Glider Association. lie
sponsored the University Of
Michigan Gliding Club the larg.
est today
In 1927 Colonel Evans pre-
sented trophy for national
competition al Elmra -. y
Competition this year for the
trophy VIII be held on July Il.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-05-26
Time TO Be Careful

Nevertheless, 1t is surely the
part of wisdom TO be cautious
at this time. Not only is there
almost complete uncertainty,
but the uncertainty pertains 10
such serious matters that most
people can hardly afford to take
a chance.
For six weeks now the mar
ket averages have barely moved.
An average of so stocks of all
sorts has Observation-Disclosures a
range Of 2l2 points (S3l2 10
So. A composite average of
100 stocks has had 4 range of
less than , points 1852 10 9S) d.
Under these circumstances. in
view of the uncertainty one
probably should not consider
taking any position until the
market itself shows the way
certainly not unless the news
brings evidence before the mar
ket can act.
This means that, barring the
unlikely event of decisive devel-
-opmentS in the war or in our
domestic economic situation. one
should not buy stocks until
there is a decisive penetration
of the 90 level by the average
of 100 stocks. BY the same
token, l doubt that one should
liquidate unless after a decisive
penetration of the lower limit
mentioned above.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-05-26
Forbes
New Middle Class
Developed by
Higher Earnings
BY b. c. FORBES

A new middle class is
being very rapidly developed.
Ii consists mainly of highly
skilled. highly paid wage earn
erS.
Not only are millions Of them
having their hourly rates sub
stantially increased. but their
weekly pay envelope is being
fattened by longer work+hours.
Even last year. before about
defense activities were under
way, the average annual earn
ingS Of many artisans in such
corporations as General Motors,
Westinghouse. Chrysler, Good
year, International Business
Machines, General Electric,
United States Steel. Goodrich.
Ford. Bethlehem Steel. Dupont,
United States Rubber, Bur-
roughs Adding Machine, Repub-
lie Steel, General Tire. Interna-
tional Harvester. also aircraft
and ship building companies,
were paying many thousands of
expert mechanics upwards OF
$1,000, often $500 a year.
This year many craftsmen
are graduating into the $1,000
and-up class. Not a few will
roll up $500, $4,000 and even
more for their current years
Aunrk
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-05-26
Important Training

Colonel Evans deplored h @
opposition of the army and navy
departments 10 the glider pilot
training bill sponsored by Sena-
tor Pat McCarren, asking SS55e9,-
600 for the training of glider
pilots under the CAA. Senator
MeGarren plans TO start push
ing the bill in the Senate to-
day.
lit is very short-sighted Of
the army and navy" he said.
"GIider training would be of pri-
mary Importance To our coming
airplane pilss. just think. how
simple would be the transition,
once a boy is taught the ele-
ments of glider plotting to give
him n motor. IL would be duck
soup for them.
"In addition, I believe II
would cut the casualties I'm the
training OF pilots 10 small
fraction of what IL il today. How
many fatalities do you hear OF I'm
glider flying? Very few. But
how many have been killed
learning TO fly motor ships:
1.-THE difference Is that the
glider pilot knows just what TO
do I'm the air. in the use of cur
rents and updrafts, etc. But the
plane pilot, take away his
motive power, is helpless in the
air. That's only one of the many
benefits OF glider training"
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-05-26
Plight Of Russians

Now gaze on what has be-
fallen workers in Russia and
Germany.
Each worker in Russia" re-
cords one dependable publica-
ton, carries labor passport !;
the document lists all the
workers dement's 20 that he
can be disciplined in new jobs.
or course, any voluntary change
of job is prohibited.
"FOremen are now appointed
by the superintendent and get
bonuses for increasing work
ers' production. A law now
provides for general punish
ment OF all workers in any
plant not filling its production
quota.
Food for German workers
depends on work they do. Me-
chanics on I2-hOur shifts and
longer get an extra delicacy of
nine ounces of canned fish.
Those on 10 TO ~ hour shifts
in heavy work get 2 LIS pounds
a month extra OF oatmeal, beans
or SOY meal"
Workers, and every one Of
the rest OF us in this country.
should thank God that we live
in America And should think
twice before doing the slightest
thing calculated 10 interfere
with protecting our land
Copyright, 1871 by Il c. Forbes
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-05-26
Business Shows
Uncertainty; So
Does Market
By LEWIS HANEY

Professor Of Economics, y. \. Uni,efsit,
Again the stock market Is
correctly rejecting business
sentiment. II shows complete
uncertainty. Hope is shown by
rs half-concealed tendency 10
edge upward. Doubt is shown
by its failure TO 60 through
when it approaches the upper
edge OF the narrow trading
range in which it has been con-
fined for such a long time.
On the whole. the bond mar
kets action of late has tended
10 emphasize the side of doubt,
for il has Sagged, last week
averaging the lowest IN five
weeks.
But the stock market seemed
20 lean a little 10 the other side,
as shown by the fact that such
activity as there was appeared
in the stocks that rose a little.
Among the dozen stocks that
were most active during the
week. only one declined, South
ern Pacific. Ten rose. among
which were four oils. two cop
perS, United States Steel. Cen
eral Electric, Western Union
and Pullman
This is not bad leadership
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-05-26
Favored in Taxation

In contrast with executives
and others. this vast class, from
all accounts, will be favored by
federal tax LEVERS. Washington
apparently is determined to
soak all those earning $4,000
and more. but for political
reasons seems bent upon let
ting off lightly this oncoming
middle class"
One important fact not al
ways taken into consideration
is that higher-paid wage earn
erS enjoy today greater pur-
chasing power than ever before.
The American Federation Of
Labor'S official publication pub
fishes a chart headed Wages
Rise, Prices Fall" 1t shows
that, using 1929 as a base,
prices had declined last year IA
per cent. whereas wages had
risen approximately 20 per cent.
revealing that weil-paid work.
ers are today far better off
than they were even at THE
height of the 192S-29 boom.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-05-26
Active Issues

To this mildly hopeful obSer-
walton j. 10 be added the evil
dence OF the active issues. The
Is issues most active each DAY
showed q tendency last week 10
favor the rising direction. and
averaged higher every session
but one This evidence is sup
ported by the fact that the aver
age hourly volume Of trading
ran parallel with the price aver
age every day bat one
Perhaps il is worth noting
that the percentage OF the total
activity found in these most
active issues has tended TO in
crease Of late.
To be sure. the Wednesday
failure 10 break through the
upper limit OF the trading range
IS dlScouraging. as is the large
number Of new lows registered
by various issues. The war news
remains disturbing. and domes-
tic tax and labor threats are
unfavorable. The reaction in
bonds may indicate a change in
investment sentiment.
But inflationary forces are
getting stronger than ever. and
u Is becoming more difficult 10
see how the disease can be
avoided l ask how can there
30 effective initiation without
allowing profits some share in
10 Profits arc what stocks de-
pend upon
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-05-26
Cites Low Cost

Colonel Evans pointed out how
little il would cost the govern
ment 10 build a huge number of
gliders in comparison with the
cost of building airplaneS.
"A bomber costs at least
$500, 0OO," he said. "You can
build a fine glider from $1,000
10 Sl.5OO. Besides, gIiders lend
themselves readily 10 mass pro-
duction and the price could be
brought down below that. For
the cost of one bomber we could
build 500 or more gliderS."
Colonel Evans said there were
only about Dds licensed glider
pilots in the United States.
But let the government sub
sidize IL and we would have
10000 the first year" he said.