davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-10-08
Two Eagles Awarded Cross

LONDON. OCT. 8 uNS)-Two
Americans serving with the Eagle
squadron of the Raj. Flight Lieu
tenant Peterson and Flying Officer
Daymond. have been awarded the
Flying Cross, il was learned today
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-10-08

ADvERTfsFMFNr
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-10-08
ASfhm a AGONY

DOE rely on smokes, sprays and inisc-
siont yol ssfer from terrible recurring
An0uSenot % Eufsrefs have found that ire
lItt oofe o. hendaco usually palliates
asthma 1paamf and io5sers thick Ftrangling
mlclt mus promoting freer breathing and
more festiul sleep Get Mcndaco in tastriess
tanlfa from druggists Only soc Money back
G4aranieed unltts fully attained
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-10-08

II you smoke PHILIP MoRRIs yon b4cethis
broVed protection - eHen Mben yoa ~.
bale! Protection added to your enjoyment
of he worlds finest cigarette tobaocos.
THEY TASTE BETTER-THEY'RE BETTER
For you!
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-10-08
Gain Shown in Telephones

There were. 1868 telephones
i'm service in Detroit and immedi-
ate suburbs on October /, repre-
.scnting a gain OF GALS during the
month of September il was an
nounced today by the Michigan
Bell Telephone Company.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-10-08

WASHINGTON. Oct SIMS
Secretary of State Hull today
voiced the grave concern of the
Limited States over Einlands s cons
tinued prosecution of the war
against Russia, and implied that
the persistence of Finnish fighting
beyond the eountry,s old frontiers
may lead the United States to con-
slider Finland a belligerent ally Of
Germany. Hull's statement came
after a lengthy visit TO the state
department blythe Finnish minis.
ter. Hjalmar Procope.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-10-08

ffELSINKI oct. s. tINS1 -
Finland To-Day ftdtty rc1ECteu- nTlt-
iSh demands that FnlandS adj
vance INTO Soviet Russia proper
be halted
The Firms refused 10 stop their
drive a. Finlan6'S old frontiers,
as demanded by the British, on
these TWO main grounds:
The SovietS have con-
structed. on Soviet soil facing
Finland. works which could be
used in the future for offensive
action against this republic.
2-The territory which the
Firms now are penetrating IS
basically Finnish historically and
raCially.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-10-08

STOCKHOLM oct s. = TINs1
- Finnish troops on the karellan
iSthmuS above Leningrad have
stopped az the old Finnish border
line Of 1889, but artillery duelS and
patrol clashes are continuing, the
HelSinki correspondent OF tn Q
Stockholm DagenS Nyheter said
today after a visit 70 the front.
Evening star., 1941-10-05

to meet the shock Of an explosion.
Since the World War, the airplane has
become 50 effective that it is question
able whether train alone could survive
attack from the air. 1t cannot zig-zag.
like a ship. But with fairly heavy
armor, anti-aircraft guns and range
finders, there might be a chance for
escape, providing the tracks are intact.
The Russian practice of conveying
trains with planes carries a strong as
surance for safety to the train against
aerial danger
Under attack by long-range artillery
or an unexpected spread of enemy forces
armed with BITS or Comm. guns, the
train may face the same issue that any
armored vehicle faces-fght it out or
retreat.
Mobility is the word with armored
trains. They may be used for rapid
sorties, the conveying of other trains,
the guarding of railways, the movement
Of important personnel or materiel
Possibilities of defending stretches of
coast line or combating guerrilla war
fare are not overlooked. Armament Ia
necessarily limited in weight.
Evening star., 1941-10-05

Germ over the dwindling supply of build
ing materials has been its effect on the
defense homes program. Hundreds Of
thousands of new low-cost homes are
needed to house workers in defense
plants. If houses are not provided,
workers will not stay at the plants and
armaments cannot be produced.
A Government program to erect about
10000 homes for these workers Is under
way and $3.50 have been completed.
Charles F. Palmer, co-ordinator of de-
fense housing, hopes to have 125,000 put
up next year. In addition, money is
being loaned and the Federal Housing
Administration is insuring mortgages to
encourage the building of defense homes
by private contractors. Palmer hopes
that 100000 units will be privately con-
structed next year.
Many experts doubt that private in
dustry will build more than half that
number; but If the entire SIS 900 homes
were built, the Nations home building
activities would be numerically close to
normal. Last year. according to o. p.
M, 800 900 homes were built throughout
Evening star., 1941-10-05
War Flames Break Fire Records
Ry Haldore Hanson.

End OF London and the City wrought
damage almost certainly exceeding that
of the Chicago fire.
Statistics tell only part of the story.
The Chicago fire captivated peoples
memories not merely because 1t de-
stroyed 1900 buildings, bankrupted "a
fire insurance companies and left $50
persons dead and $4,000 homeless.
Story of Cow
The fame Of the fire rested more on
the myth of the COW that kicked over
the lantern, and the tales Of survivors
who still describe the three days of red
dened skies, october $40, 1871, and the
roaring flames which twice leaped 200
yards across the Chicago River to reach
other sections of the city.
There is some truth in the story about
Mrs. OLeary, whose COW, according to q
popular ditty, upset the lantern in the
shed, then "winked its eye and said
theren be a hot time in the old town
tonight"
Mrs. OLeary was a humble housewife
Evening star., 1941-10-05

ing. single turret may be controlled
entirely by the chief gunner.
The observation post is properly an
important part of the Russian cars.
From his vantage point, the observer
may peer in all directions and commu-
nicate orders through a double system
of speaking tubes. He may also, of
course, make observations by opening
a side door
The locomotive requires careful box
ing-in Of vital parts. Interesting is
the Russian employment of an observa-
ton post on the tender. Radio facilities
are indispensable.
Under some conditions, particularly
in fighting a rear-guard action, a train
may have its units spread out, the better
to prevent the cutting of intermediate
sections of the track. In this way, each
car becomes sort of blockhouse which
may also serve as a rallying point for
counterattack. One sees the effective
ness of the Russian trains operating
against the advance units of German
reconnaissance troops or maintaining
open lines in the face Of depredations
by parachute troops.
Evening star., 1941-10-05

Armored trains are not new in mill
tary history. They were q weapon used
in the Russian revolution. American
engineers previously aided in the con-
struction OF a special train for opera.
tions near Archangel during the closing
days Of the World War, and such trains
probably have figured in other Russian
campaigns
Austria Hungary employed at least
one, quite formidable in appearance,
during the World War, and China and
Japan have used them. The British
made effective use of armored trains
during the Boer War and again in
Africa during the World War.
Soviet sources, recently reporting Of
fensive action by their armored trains in
the Odessa sector, said that other trains
are being constructed as rapidly as
possible. This is of especial significance
because skeptics have argued the ar
mored trains vulnerability. It is men
aced by injury to the track as well as
by injury to the cars.
Against fire directed at Its wheels the
train uses protective plating. But the
Evening star., 1941-10-05

the country. and s75,oOo are being built
this year.
Under arrangements concluded only
recently, all public and private defense
housing projects are given "a" ratings
by o. P. MS Priorities Division. en-
abling them to get their materials ahead
Of non-defense builders.
But to qualify as defense housing, the
homes must cost no more than $4,000,
must be close to defense plants or
offices, and defense workers must be
given first claim to them. Highest
ratings are given to homes built to be
rented. rather than sold, since most de-
fense workers want to rent.
The items on which priority assistance
is granted is set forth in critical list"
This includes only those materials for
which housing authorities could find no
substitutes. The effect of this has been
to strip defense homes of many items
formerly used in construction.
Practically the only copper allowed is
in wiring, and In order to cut down the
amount Of wiring. restrictions have been
placed on the number of electrical out
Evening star., 1941-10-05

CHICAGO, Oct. 4-The great fire
which nearly destroyed Chicago 10
years ago this week is still rated among
the most disastrous in history, but re-
cent military blazes may change the
record books.
The costliest fires Of all time are listed
in reference books in this order:
Cd The burning of Toxic after the
1928 earthquake, $1,000 900, 900 damage;
~ the Chicago fire of 1871, s195 900 900;
and go the burning Of Moscow by the
Russians in 1912 during the Napoleonic
invasion, $150,000,000.
When historians cast their next record
book, they will find torches have been
set to equally populous cities, with de-
struction Of lives and property some
times exceeding these earlier disasters.
In 1887, for example, Japanese troops
burned half the native city of Shanghai,
an area housing close to half million.
In 1888 Chinese officers purposely
reduced to ashes their own city Of
Chsngsha, leaving 100000 homeless.
In 1910 German fire raids on the East
Evening star., 1941-10-05

Some of the shortages developed in
the most unexpected ways. At one time
builders were complaining they could
not get gypsum. Yet there was plenty
of gypsum, the material used in plaster
and wallboard. Defense officials looked
into the matter and found that 1t wasn't
gypsum which was scarce, but the paper
bags in which gypsum was packed. They
eased the paper bag bottleneck and gyp-
sum began to flow again.
There was time when 8, and 10
penny nails could be purchased nowhere.
Investigators learned that the Army
cantonment builders had bought up the
Nations entire supply.
The first word of general nail short
age came, curiously enough, from the
Agriculture Department. Oficials there
complained to o. P. M. that peanut
farmers were hamstrung for lack Of bale
wire for their peanut straw-the vine
which is left after the peanut is har-
vested. This turned out to be twin of
the nail shortage, for the same mills
turn out bale wire and nails.
The Governments most serious con-
Evening star., 1941-10-05

lets in each house. No copper tubing is
permitted in plumbing, since galvanized
iron pipe can be used IN its place.
Bronze, stainless steel chrome plating,
tin rubber, solid zinc and nearly all brass
have been eliminated.
The result is that the defense homes
are somewhat substandard One official
relates that the United States Housing
Authority, one agency engaged in the
building, is seriously concerned over hav-
ing to make such economies as eliminat-
ing copper tubing in plumbing, since
their homes are built on the basis of a
60-year amortization. They will have to
Evening star., 1941-10-05

replace the iron pipes within to 40
years
When will you be able to build your
little non-defense dream house7 Govern
ment experts see little prospect Of the
situation easing in the next year or two.
The faster the defense program moves,
the more materials will be needed for
defense, and the tempo is picking up all
the time. Any new supplies that come
on the market will be quickly swallowed
by the ornaments factories.
Next spring. the peak season for build
ing, will find all stored-up materials
used up. according to a housing expert
Evening star., 1941-10-05

with the Bureau Of Labor Statistics;
then the builders. the architects. the
real estate salesmen and the building
workers will have to look elsewhere for
jobs.
Any one who telephones the Civilian
Supply Division of o. P. NJ. nowadays to
ask what would be his prospects of fin
ishing a house if he started one now, is
told that his chance is in 100.
Whatever materials are left over after
the defense builders have had their share
will be allotted first to civilian construc-
ton jobs which are now under way, then
afterwards to projects for repair and
maintenance.
Evening star., 1941-10-05

The az1nored train requires heading
car with turret or platform providing
full 36o-degree sweep for Its anna
ment; other turrets may be limited to
260- degree turns. AS shown in the draw
Evening star., 1941-10-05

Into the modern melee Of clashing
tanks, armored cars and sooring air.
planes Soviet Russia again sends ar
mored trains clattering across the rails
to resist her invaders.
Evening star., 1941-10-05
RuSSia'S New ArmOred Train
By osan Reap1s.

trick Of demolition usually has been to
plant a mine In the track, wait for the
trains arrival and wreck both train
and track together. Hence the use of
a fiat car at the head Of the train
Evening star., 1941-10-05

First firemen on the scene agreed
that the flames started in her barn, but
there was no evidence that any one left
lantern near the animal.
Two days after the fire started a boy
OF Is, now a white-haired Chicasoan.
took tug boat ride up the river and
later wrote:
The flames from the still burning
buildings lighted up the river like a
fiery road. The heat was intense. We
had to play a hose continually on the
sides OF the boat to keep it from catch
ing fire"
Other Fires
The Chicago fire resembled scores of
earlier conflagrations which swept
through wooden cities before the general
use OF steel and stone. Oslo, for ex-
ample, was destroyed in 1924 and Copen-
hagen In 1728. Dresden and Venice
were razed In the Middle Ages.
Even the tale about Nero flddling while
Rome burned is partly authentic. Ten
of the city's IA wards were reduced to
doiiCc LII VI AL. Willie lNcIO
Recent military fires, by contrast, have
spread not from a single blaze famed
by great wind, but from torches applied
to many parts Of q city by soldiers or
airmen.
At Changsha q Chinese Army COM
mander, who heard that the japanese
were 10 miles outside the city, ordered
his troops to set flre to all the public
buildings, using barrels Of oil and bales
of straw for tinder.
The flames spread to residential dis
tricts and finally converged upon the
business district. reducing motorcars to
skeletons Of steel and leaving only gaunt
brick walls.
One missionary hospital was COM
pletely encircled by flames on November
IL, 1888, the first day of the week-long
fire, and the doctors saved their lives
by fleeing down q broad boulevard be-
tween walls OF fire.
The burning Of Changsha bore striking
resemblance to the destruction of Mos
COW. In fact, the Chinese scorched earth
policy-destroying all food and shelter
before the enemy arrived-was copied
from the Cossacks who fought against
Napoleon.
The Moscow fire began early in the
morning Of October Is, 1912, while Napo-
leon was enjoying his first night In the
bed Of Gear Alexander at the Kremlin.
Hundreds Of Russian police, hiding in
the homes Of the fallen capital, set fires
to tinder piles. Nine-tenths OF the city
was destroyed, and the Kremlin was
saved only by the heroic fire fighting of
some Of Napoleons troops.
The sympathy and funds which Lon
don has received from many parts of
the world are reminders of aid given
after the Chicago disaster. In 1871,
European people sent s5ooo,oO0 in relief
funds to Chicago, and half the sum
came from England. Today Americans
are sending aid to London, and no small
amount has gone out from Chicago.
Evening star., 1941-11-16
. HEAVY WORKERS GET EXTRA RArtONs

stations with hand grenades, tap
wires and. when they can, capture a
prisoner or two to take home for
grilling.
The point is that if these things
had been going on year ago you
would not have heard about them
in London. In London today stories
of the Commandos' terrorism, true
or false. are what people like to
tell each other
Because I had just come from
Russia, I was. of course, asked
good many questions about that
country-by all kinds of people
When I gave my opinion that most
Russians were no longer interested
in the class structure of Germany,
but felt that the only good German
was a dead one. no English I met
were shocked. The British reaction
was a positive and savage agree
ment, an emphatic, burning agree
ment.
''Holy War" Now
I have had thoughtful British Off
cers-one with the rank OF general
tell me that their own men were
beginning TO look on this war as
holy war" They used the word
holy and they likened the spirit to
religious feeling. They said their
men now felt that the Germans were
evil and that it would not be enough
to defeat them. they must be de-
StrOyed.
Several people told me they
thought the Poles were the only ones
who had really understood this war
that it was a war that had noth-
ing to do with theology or empires.
it was a war TO annihilate a people
which had disturbed the peace of
the world for 900 years. Now the
world had TO rid itself Of them. The
Russians politics still shock the
Englishman. But the Russian is
killing Germans. And the Russian
is suffering from the Germans as
the British have suffered from them
The Russians and the British have
that bond between them.
The aid-to-RuSSia movement IS
very puzzling to the government of
England. Representatives of the
government were the only people in
England whom I found at all snug
about the war in general. TIE aid
to-Russia movement was threaten
ing to shake them out of their snug
ness, because if it becomes any more
DOWerflll if will force them IN Chanpe
the policy which they are now con-
fident will win the war. 1t will force
them to take chances they do not
think they have to take-and they
are the Conservative party. which
does not believe in taking chances.
Copyright. 1941, by the Newspaper PM
Inc, in the U. S. A. Canada and all
the countries IN the International Copy
right Union. Reproduction in whole or
in part is strictly prohibited.
Evening star., 1941-11-16
Deaths Reported

Harriet A. Yackey, 81. 6525 lst st. NV
Maude Chambers. so. 5000 N. II. ave. n W
Martha S. Fox, rs. 1882 Columbia rd. n W
Edwin J. Clarke, IS, st. Elizabeth's Hos
Elizabeth Reddish. II Doctors Hospital.
John Forrest, 73. 1862 Newton st. ne.
Lula J. Choate, 20. l745 F ST. NV.
Elizabeth V. McCann, 81. 4"2 Farragut
st. NV.
Mary E. P1uger, SO. Sibley Memorial Hos
John W. Tiffany. SO. 52s Madison st. NV
David b. Paul 80, 1862 Parkwood pl. n W
Clara W. Bradley. 50, Doctors Hospital.
jeremiah H. Gleason, o. 400 Canal I'd
NV.
Agnes L. Byrd, 52 2O4s 37th st. NV.
Robert r. Birch; jr;; As: 2 rs Both st. ne
Infant Wayne l.. Huffman, Children's S Hos
pital.
Infant Henry W. Kirk Children Hospital
Margaret King. 93 1910 9th st. NV
Isabella Thomas, "A. Alb Warner ST. NV
James E, Butler. S. Freedmen's Hospital
Sarah Smith. 66, 4l2i2 Liberty St sw
Stacy Z. Mcneil 81. GaIinzer Hospital.
Charles N Holmes, A., Gslllnger Hospital
Mamie Il. Hopkins, 10, 300 E ST. ne
Rosetta Arthur, "A, H429s Ontario I'd. n W
Emma Mccormick, 80. Galinger Hospital
Calvert L. Carter Is Freedmens Hospital
Evening star., 1941-11-16

England last year which put in the
articles I wrote then. 1t was:
God help the British if Hitler
ever stops bombing London
Signs of Discomfort.
Well. Hitler stopped last May.
Since then the British, bottled up
in their tiny island. have kept 000,-
600 soldiers in camp. Two million
more are under arms IN the Home
Guard. They have built the most
beautiful and powerful fighter planes
ever to take the air. They have even
learned how to strike down their
enemies from the skies at night.
Their lives have been disrupted to
man. woman and child. They have
made and are making great sacrl-
fees daily. And yet for five months
now they have not even had an en-
emy to defend themselves against
let alone one to kill in revenge All
over England there are signs of surly
discomfort at this state of affairs.
The British are suffering from
national Illustration.
I believe it is this frustrated de-
sire to kill their enemies which Is
coming to the surface now and las
tening to the only available issue,
aid to Russia, turning a slogan into
a genuine national movement. All
the discomfort with the inactlon OF
the last five months is part OF It.
All the suppressed and smartlng
shame of the British defeats in Nor
way and Libya and Greece and Crete
is part of it, 1t is no prettier than
the mob that hauled the night
fighters fiancee from the car-and
little more articulate
1t expresses itself in many little
ways. There are invasion troops be-
ing trained in England. They are
called Commandos. was told that
their present activities include dress
rehearsals which are really profess
sional terrorist activities in German
occupied territory.
Hunt in Small Packs.
The men are landed somewhere
on the coast, or occasionally dropped
by parachute. They have rendez-
vous with a British boat somewhere
on the coast arranged for. say, two
weeks later. During these two weeks
they hunt in small packs behind the
German lines. getting food and oc-
casionally being hidden in the day
time by friendly French or Belgians
or Norwegians.
At night they will do something
like this: Hold up a German officers
dance with sub-machine guns. sep
arate the men from the women
and, lining the former up against
one wall, shoot them down. Then
they will escape through the win
dows and doors and those that are
not caught will come together at an
agreed upon place to plan the next
adventure. Or they may bomb power
Evening star., 1941-11-16
By FRANK BRUTTO.~

lH0 SptClhl lNCWs oCINIIb.
BERN, Switzerland.-Nazi blue
prints of the new order have no
provision in them for the Jew ex-
cept ghettos, exile, prescription.
Adolf Hitler has more than
said it.
Benito Mussolini, as late as 1884
an advocate of a Zionist state in
Palestine, joined the anti-Semitic
ranks after taking Italy into the
war. In Assisi-home of st. Fran
cis-as in other italian cities, police
questionnaires now have space in
which to indicate 'Aryanism' or
lack of it.
The misery that this war brought
to millions of Jews was magnified
and intensified. This third winter
OF war promises no relief. Nearly
every day, somewhere, new action
is taken against them.
Germany's drive into the Ukraine
delivered to the Reich another mil
lion and half Jews. There are few
Jews in Europe now who are beyond
Nazi reach. Nearly every great
metropolitan area in which Jews
formed considerable portion of the
population now is under NaZi-
Fascist control Or influence.
Occupied States Severe.
All nations that fell under the
Axis war machine or that elected to
cooperate with the Axis have form
ulated anti-Semitic laws. Some
have outstripped Germany in sever
ity. Crotia, newly formed Balkan
state, is said to be dealing most
harshly with Jews.
Europe's Jewish population was
estimated in 1899 by the American
Jewish Committee at 8,939 ,6O9-
more than half the world total of
15,748091. OF this number, 7,82O,7l7
lived in countries now under the
Axis or collaborating with it.
(The American Jewish Congress
explained that its estimate was
based on persons processing the Jew
iSh religion, and would not cover So
called non-Aryans who profess
Christianity or other religious faiths
According to the official German
news agency, Nazi law considers all
persons Jewish who are one-quarter
Jewish in origin. That is to say, If
one grandparent were Jewish, a man
is considered Jew under the law
Cut off from means of livelihood
thousands have attempted, but only
a few successfully, to get to other
countries. Early refugees from Ger
many, Austria, former Czecho-S -Slo-
yakia and Italy filled available