davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1941-06-21

BY the Associated Press.
With Soviet Russia and Germany
reported deadlocked today in their
bargaining, a reliable London source
said the German Turkey treaty con-
tained a secret clause binding Tur-
kew to benevolent neutrality in the
event of war between Germany and
Russia.
The clause. which PROBABLY would
bar the Dardanelles to Russian war
or supply ships if the Soviet Union
fought Germany, was said by this
source to have been forced on Tur-
key by terrific German pressure
like the rest OF the declaration OF
Turkish friendship"
This source said he was told by
well-placed informants that Ger
many insisted on the Turkish pact
as a prelude to what he called big
moves" in Eastern Europe involv-
ing Russia.
These moves were said to be re-
garded by the Germans as necessary
to insure their eastern frontiers
against trouble and leave them free
to launch a death blow against
England.
Highly placed sources in London
have said they expect a German
Evening star., 1941-06-21
Summer Arrives,
Bringing With Il
A 3-Day Heat Wave
Mercury May Reach 95
This Afternoon; Relief Due
Probably Tuesday

Summer rode into Washington to-
day on the crest of heat wave
surging out of the West, with pros
poets, according to the Weather
Bureau. that the temperature would
reach 95 this afternoon. The mer-
curry stood at 80 at 3 pm.
Summer was scheduled to arrive
officially at 2:34 pm. The fore
cast by the Weather Bureau made
this morning said that "hot wealth
er" will continue with little or no
cIoudiness today, tonight and Mon
day. The mercury will tumble to
only about 70 degrees tonight.
The five-day forecast from Friday
to Tuesday covering the Middle At
lantic States from New York State
to South Carolina, predicted that
the temperature would be above
normal, but it would become slightly
cooler at the end of the period.
Scattered light showers are not in
prospect until about the end of the
period. in upper New York State,
and in the central and southern
portions. This gives Washington
only slight chance at cooling of
about Tuesday.
These forecasts come from the
new weather station at the new
Washington National Airport,
whereas the former reports for the
weather in this area came from the
headquarters of the Weather Bu-
reau at Twenty-fourth and M
streets NV. The temperature, as
recorded at the new station, reached
a high of 91.8 yesterday at about 5
pm, and low of 10 today at $50.
The mercury stood at II at 8:35 am.
today.
The entire Eastern section of the
Nation was under the hot spell, and
temperatures in the COS were gen.
orally recorded all the way from the
Dakotas to the Atlantic seaboard.
Evening star., 1941-06-21
Prinz Eugen Damaged
In Battle, British Report
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
LONDON, June 21.-The 10000
ton German cruiser Prinz Eugen
was hit and badly damaged by a
salvo from the 14-inch guns Of
the British battleship Prince of
Wales before it escaped to Brest
in the great naval battle in which
the German battleship Bismarck
was sunk, it was learned today.
The salvo was said to have set
the new German cruiser, raiding
partner of the 35,000-ton Bismarck,
aflre "like ruddy fireworks show" "
1t was the battle baptism of the
Prince of Wales, 35,000-ton British
dreadnaught and sistership of the
new King George V.
A cruiser of Germany's Hipper
class, believed to be the Prinz Eugen,
has been reported by the British
at Brest with the 26,000-ton German
battleships Gneisenau and Scharn-
horst. All have been targets of re-
peated British air assaults on the
Nazi-occupied French port.
Evening star., 1941-06-21
7 More Italians Guilty
Of Sobotoeing Freighter
By the Associated Press.

By the Associated Press.
NEWARK, N. j., June 21.-Five
officers and two seamen were con-
victed last night of charges of sabo-
tagging the Italian freighter Arsa,
the second similar conviction of Ital-
ian seamen in Federal Court this
week.
After the verdict. Italo Verrando,
representative of the Italian Line,
who was reprimanded for saluting
Fascist style at the conclusion of the
previous trial, shook each of the de-
PENDANTS hands as they filed by. 9
The convictions, as in the previous
case of 10 seamen from the freight
er Aussa, carry possible maximum
sentences of 20 years each or $4,000
fines, or both. Sentences were de-
ferred.
Evening star., 1941-06-21
White Umbrella Clue
In Strieff Staying
Quickly Co||apses
Man Who Rented Car Has
Best AIibi; He Was
Married Sunday

The latest clue on which police
had pinned hope of solving the
murder of Jessie Elizabeth Strlef
blew up late today when ownership
of a white umbrella, found in a car
which had been rented Sunday, was
established by police.
The umbrella was not the one
the murdered girl had been using.
Police found the owner OF the UNI
brella after locating the man who
had rented the car on Sunday.
This man, a guard in Federal
building, was cleared after he had
established the best alibi brought
forward yet in the case. He was
at wedding Sunday. Further
more, it was his own wedding.
He had rented the car to go TO
nearby Maryland for the service,
he said. and the umbrella had been
left in the car by member Of the
party accompanying him. Police
quickly released the man.
AnUt1tT Ltdu DlONS u.
Earlier. police investigated another
hot lead which developed when
car, bearing what appeared TO be
bloodstainS. was found abandoned
on a road near Upper Marlboro. Md
1t was discovered, however, that this
car had been stolen Thursday-tour
days after the murder.
Police still were checking the story
of Mrs. Maggie Foutz. colored do
mestic, who lives above the delica-
lessen Of Peter Duncan. 1910 Florida
avenue. who said she saw the girl
get out OF car in front of her win
dow Sunday.
Girl Wore Sport Shoes.
Mrs. FoutZ said she noticed
particularly. as the man opened and
shut the door for the girl, that he
had black hair and that he wore
dark clothes. She reported that the
girl had something in her hand,
which may have been purse or an
umbrella, but that the feature about
her which stood out sharpest. as
SllO AONoAANN AASl' 90 AlN1 HEOA
shoes and her yellow socks.
The car remained in front of the
store for ony a short time, accord
ing to Mrs. FoutZ. When the girl
emerged, the driver opened the door
for her and then they drove down
Florida avenue toward Eighteenth
street.
Mrs. Foutz's recollection of the
girl conforms with that of Mr..
Duncan, who said he sold a girl a
stick of butter around 2:30 o'clock
Sunday afternoon, the time the
woman said she had gone to the
window of her apartment to look
for her husband and had seen the
automobile in front. The delica-
lessen proprietor also remembered
that car was double-parked in the
street at the time he was making
the sale.
Mrs. Foutz's story does not jibe
with that of John Simms. colored
drayage contractor, living six doors
away from the delicatessen, who
was watching for the return of his
three daughters around that time
Sunday. He said he saw a young
woman who answered Miss Strieff g
description turn the corner from
Nineteenth street, cross Florida ave-
nue. and enter Duncans store, and
that he was positive she wore a
(see MURDER, Page A-4D
Evening star., 1941-06-21
| Russia Will Send
100000 Children
On Science TRIPS
Rv the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
NEW YORK, June 21.-The
Moscow radio announced today
in a broadcast heard here by
C. B. S. that 100000 Soviet
school children would leave
large Russian cities TO par
ticipate in various scientific ex-
petitions"
c. B. S. said there was Moth
ing in the broadcast to suggest
that these mass expeditions"
or excursions were in the
nature of evacuations. Neither,
according to c B. S., did the
Moscow radio mention foreign
policy or defense in its review
of today's press
Moscow school children are
to go on an archaeological ex-
pedltion, those from Lenlngrad
on an historical tour and 9TH
ers on nature studies.
Evening star., 1941-06-21
3-Horsepower Ray
Knocks Out Five
Aquoriium Men
By the Associated Press.

!
NEW YORK. June 21.-A big
fish with a paralyzing power
that Joe Louis might envy,
scored momentary knockouts
yesterday over five employees of
the New York Aquarium while
it was being dumped into a
salt water tank.
The biggest torpedo ray ever
handled in captivity at the
Aquarium, the fish is 4 feet
long, 2la feet wide, weighs be-
tween 40 and so pounds and
delivers an electrical discharge
of about 200 volts with an out
put of about 8 horsepower.
Specimens weighing more than
80 pounds are rare.
Evening star., 1941-06-21
Dies in Vain Trying
To Save z Daughters

BY the Associated Press.
WEST MIDDLESEX, Pa. June IL.
"A mother gave her life today In
vain effort to save her two little
daughters from a fire which de-
stroyed a farm home near this
western PENNSYLVANIA community.
The victims were Mrs. Pearl
Doyle, Nora Mae, 8, and Betty Jane
Doyle, 5.
James Doyle, husband of Pearl.
and his five sons escaped when
Doyle dropped the boys from an
upstairs bedroom window after his
wife aroused him. They suffered
burns and were taken to hospital
at Sharon, Pa, for treatment.
The cause Of the fire was not de-
termined.
Evening star., 1941-06-21
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
French forces counter attacking
in Syria were reported today to have
knitted southwark to within 212
miles of the border of British Pales-
tine, but British sources in Jeru-
salem said this force was in danger
of complete encirclement.
At the same time, British and
Free French troops continued to
hold shelled and virtually encircled
Damascus under steady pressure
from positions in the capitals out
lying suburbs.
French resistance is gradually
being worn down" on the central
Syrian front and British Free
French forces again are making
headway" toward Damascus, the
British Near East command at Cairo
reported.
A commentator broadcasting from
Jerusalem said fierce hand-to-hand
fighting was going on between
Vichy French and Australian troops
in the streets of Edieda, in the
Merdjayoun region.
The Vichy French said they had
established strong position hall
way between Damascus and KisSoue
to the south and that invaders had
been driven completely out Of the
MeZze airdrome area, 3l2 miles
southwest of the capital. The Brit
ish acknowledged that their position
there was uncertain.
An authoritative British source
said Allied forces had captured
Mouaddaniye, seven miles southwest
of Damascus. Some British and
Free French forces were said to have
pushed into the main lines OF de-
fense around Damascus yesterday.
The British said Damascus was
shelled yesterday, after French High
Commissioner Gen. Henri Dentz re-
fused to withdraw his troops, and
that French artillery fired back.
French authorities at Beirut, Leb-
| anon capital, said the British shell
ing caused most damage in the Ma
hajamrene sector of Damascus and
that fires were started throughout
that quarter of the city.
Along the Lebanon coast, the
British were said to be advancing
slowly in the Wadi Zeina area. The
British right flank, London reports
said, bombarded the fort at Soueida
capital of Jebel Ed DruZ, where a
Vichy garrison was reported sur
rounded by hostile Druses.
Syrian authorities, it was reported,
sent a protest via Baghdad against
the bombardment of Damascus,
asking the pro-British Iraq govern
ment to inform the British that the
E -
Evening star., 1941-06-21
u. S. Orders Italians to Close
All ConsuIotes, Other Agencies
By July IS in ReprisoI Move
RooseveIt's Message
On Robin Moor Sent
Formally to Reich
BACKGROUND


Since American merchant ship
Robin Moor UaS sunk BY German
submarine in South Atlantic on
May 21 President Roosevelt or
dered freezing OF assets OF all
continental European nations and
their nationals. Germany and
Italy trose funds OF Americans IN
those nations; United States or
dered closing OF all German con-
sulutes in this country and or
dered that no German nationals
could leaue pending check on
their funds: Germany protested
CLOSING OF its consulateS and, 1ctth
Italy. ordered closing OF United
States conSuldteS in Germany
and the conquered nations.
Evening star., 1941-06-21
By the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
SAN FRANCISCO. June 2l.-A.
F. L. machinists early today re-
Iected an ultimatum from their in
ternational president and for the
second time refused his demand
that they return to work in struck
shipyards.
International President Harvey w.
Brown told the Local SO Executive
Board he was ordering termination
of the strike at midnight tonight
He said he was acting on authority
of the International Executive
Council. He ordered picket lines
discontinued and said strike dona-
tions from the International would
be stopped.
The order was turned down by
the executive board after more than
four hours of bitter wrangling.
NO Authority to Concur
As the meeting broke up, Harry
Hook, business agent of the local,
issued a statement on behalf of his
executive board declaring that it
has no authority to concur in the
action of the international executive
council or comply with their re-
quest to disestablish picket lines.
1T is the position of the executive
board of Lodge No. 68 that the
status of the strike is unchanged
until such time as the member
ship takes other action. Under no
condition does the local lodge
executive board agree for our MEM
bers to return to work in the struck
shop without permission of the
lodge"
Mr.. Brown. in a letter to Lodge
So, cited President Roosevelt's re-
quest that the strike be terminated
in the interest of national defense.
He ordered picket lines discon-
tinued at shipyards operated here
by the Bethlehem Shipbuilding
Corp, United Engineering Co, Cen
eral Engineering Co., Columbia Ma
chinery Co. and the Matson Naviga-
ton Co.
Brown Promises Cooperation.
Mr.. Brown referred to one of the
A. F. L. machinists' principal fights
the battle to get union recognition
at Bethlehem. He promised that the
Grand Lodge would cooperate with
the local union in getting speedy
settlements of the controversies if
Bethlehem fails to comply with the
findings and recommendation of
the National Defense Mediation
Board to sign the master agree
ment."
The coastwide agreement referred
to was reached between the A. F. L.
Metal Trades Department and West
Coast shipbuilders. Ali 80 major
coast yards with the exception Of
Bethlehem, signed it. On one side
it provides union shop conditions.
On the other it promises no strikes
or lockouts.
The A. F. L. machinists Eere re-
iected the contract when it was rati-
fed by other units of the metal
trades department.
Evening star., 1941-06-21
Germans BUTT of Joke

NEW ORLEANS, June 81 Cp.-
"Six-piece white porch or garden
set. On display 1929 St. Charles
ave, Jackson $500. Will be sold
highest offer. Proceeds British war
relief"
The address and phone number
of this ad, appearing in a local
newspaper, were that of the Ger
man consulate general.
Evening star., 1941-06-21

the vicinity Of the French channel
port of Boulogne.
The throb of planes could be
heard over the Kent coast as the
r. A, F. force headed across the
Channel but a haze made observa-
ton poor.
Early tonight another strong force
of r. A. F. bombers roared out again
over the Channel, and soon the ex-
ploSion of bombs on the German
(See RAIDS, Page A-4D
Evening star., 1941-06-21
By the Associated Press.

MOSCOW, June II (By Mail to
Berlin A Soviet country estate
inclosed within a heavy picket
fence like an old American stock
ace has been leased by United
States Ambassador Laurence A..
Steinhardt as a possible refuge for
Americans in Moscow in event Of
hostilities.
1t is the custom of all Muscovites,
either Russian or foreign, who can
afford it, to have country house
for escape from the city during the
hot summer months.
The New American dacha, which
has been named THE Refuge" by
the Embassy staff, Is being equipped
incidentally for this purpose, but
primarily to live up to its name in
Evening star., 1941-06-21
Nine Sons in Druft

WEIR, Kans., June 20. P)-When
Jimmie Penrod registers for the
draft July / he will be the ninth
son of Mrs. Margaret Penrod to be
listed. They range in age from 81
to 36.
Evening star., 1941-06-21

attack still in progress.
Two British planes were said to
be missing from the combined R.
A. F. bomber and fighter squadrons
one a bomber and the other
fighter, whose pilot was saved.
Bomb explosions could be heard
clearly across the mist-shrouded
strait as the British bombers sand
wiched between strong escort of
flyers carried out an evidently in
tense assault.
A rumble of explosions came from
Evening star., 1941-06-21

Forced byPact
To Favor Reich
Secret Clause Seen
Likely to Close
Straits to Soviet
BACKGROUND

BACKGROUND
Germany and Russia signed
non-aggreSSion pact in August,
1899, paUing lUay for outbreak OF
tudr tolloWing month. Germany
has sought to obtain more and
more ,uar materielS from her
neighbor, but in recent tCeekS re-
ports OF increasing German Rus
sian tension, 1Uith the prospect
OF Nazi inUaSion OF the SoUiet
Union, hare been heard. Both
Germany and Russia reported to
be maSSinq large armed forces
along borders.
Evening star., 1941-06-21
Machinists Reject
Second UItimatum
To End Coast Strike
Union President Orders
Men to Halt Shipyord
Tie-up by Midnight
BACKGROUND

BACKGROUND
Both A. F. L. and c. /. o. ma
chin;sts in the San Francisco Bay
area hare been on strike since
May 10. They made identical
maoe demands Of s115 an hour
instead OF SIP raise from 81 an
hour. agreed to by other unions
OF the metal trades group. The
strike has crippled ,Cork on so
ressels in II bay area shtpydrds
and affected s50C,000 in defense
contracts.
Evening star., 1941-06-21
x. A. F. Planes Fill Channel Sky
In Blasting French Coast
Ten German Croft Reported Shot Down;
Seven Ships Claimed for German Subs
BY the Associated Press.


LONDON 2-Britsh planes filled the skies the
Channel this apparently daylight
Naz-hed invasion coane of Northern
France Ten German planes reported shot down. with the
Evening star., 1941-06-21
French Force Drives
To Rear Of British
Near Palestine
Allies Continue to Hold
CupitoI Of Syrio Under
Steady Pressure
BACKGROUND

BACKGROUND
British and Free French forces
tnUdded French-m1ndated Syria
and Lebanon tlUo weeks ago in
preventive offensive against use
of these Near East territories for
possible German assault on Suez
Canal Earlier Britain had ouer-
come resistance OF pro-Nazi GOT
ernntent in Irdq. and Germany
had conquered Island OF Crete by
dir-borne inUdSion.
Evening star., 1941-06-21

(See SYRIA, Page A-30
Evening star., 1941-06-21

(see ROBIN MOOR. Page A-4)
Evening star., 1941-06-21

(See RUSSIA, Page A-3D
Evening star., 1941-06-21

(See SUBMARINE, Page A-3)
Evening star., 1941-06-21

(See MURDER, Page A-4)
Evening star., 1941-06-21

(See RAIDS, Page A.
Evening star., 1941-06-21

Fair, continued warm tonight and to-
morrow; lowest tonight about 70 de-
grees; light. variable winds Tempera-
lures today-Highest, 90, al pm; low
est, 10, at $50 am.
Imperial Valley press., 1941-04-03
Want Ads Worlds Greatest Salesman Al Your Service

Af 7 OU
,5-FURNITURE FOR SALE
OVERSTUFFED chairs, Lying rm.
table, kitchen table, gas oven,
bedrm. chair, washing machine
and other articles. 623 Orange,
rear house. A
VIEW COOLER, 5-room capacity.
All metal with 2O-in. quiet fan.
Complete. S44.50
IMPERIAL HARDWARE
---------.
26-MisceIlaneous For Sale
Co~~~~~~~~~~-~-~-~-Oe~-~~>- ~~>-o~~1~~-~-~O-~-~~~-~,~
1000 Automobile wheels must be sold, |
need room. 25c and up.
CARTER MOTOR SUPPLY
1868 Main Phone 60
If
Used Underwood Typewriters.
TERMS
OFFICE SUPPLY co.
521 Main Phone 10 |
AN ASSORTMENT of used timbers, |
suitable for bridges. Lengths from |
#. to % #. See us for redwood |
irrigation boxes. We make them |
according to your specifications. |
FL Centre Lumber & Trading Co. |
1909 Adams ST. Phone 1892 |
Il |
A REAL BUY 25 #. of heavy ribbed
garden hose. $l00
DESSERT SEED co.
GIG Main Phone 924
USED 5000 CF'M DIVERS" coolers
$50 each. One 25OO GIN "Divvers"
cooler $50. There are real buys.
Nevada California Elec. Corp. G03
Main. Phone 1910. If
NEW and used Maytaes at prices
to meet your budget
WHITING MEAD co.
1913 Main Phone 1872
USED Coca Cola cooler with bub-
bier Good condition, guaranteed.
only SIS observation-disclosures Elec.
Corp. 603 Main, Phone 1G4O.
USED wash basins in very good
condition, So and up. Whiting
Mead Co, 1878 Main. Phone 1872. |
4-8
MONARCH Paint will add to the
life and appearance OF your
buildings. Only $295 per gal. at
Whiting Mead CO., 1878 Main. |
Phone 1872. 4-8
LUGGAGE, Suitcases ana Trunks,
all types real values. See
DELOZIER'S FURNITURE
SAP Main Phone 1914 |
If |
ELECTION Of GOOD used Electric
Ranges. Real buys at sos up.
NEV-CAL ELECTRIC CORP.
COB Main. Phone 1910
If
NEW PHILCO Refrigerator. Su-
preme in performance Economi-
cal in price. Whiting Mead Co.
1878 Main.
NEW lawn mowers $795 each.
These take the drudgery out Of
lawn moving.
WHITING MEAD co.
-273 Main Phone 1872
'7-Wanfed Miscellaneous
N-oO0~0~~~~-~-~-0--~~~~~ ~~oO
WANTED to buy-thin sows and |
feeder pigs. Phone Brandt 1861. |
BraWley. Al |
We BUY almost anything and pay
the highest prices. Metal, iron,
rags, sacks, bones, hides, etc.
RELIABLE SALVAGE
3l3 Mai Phone 1881
PAYING highest possible price for
your scrap iron, metal, rags and
used grain sacks.
SAM NALIBOFF JUNK co.
504 Broadway Phone $50
DEAD STOCK removed free. Phone /
Immediately. Brawley 84-J.
1. V. Rendering Co., Brawley, Cal.
2 5 If
kinds of poultry.
Pay highest possible prices. sam
Poultry. Phone $40, Balboa Hotel,
El Centre. Holtville 112, I. Y.
Milling Co. Brawley 6O4, Nordahl
Feed Store.
'RDER White Leghorns now FOR
fall layers, our pure Dryden strain
leghorns cost no more than ordi-
nary chicks. Why not get the
best? Russell's FL Centre Hatchery
Phone GG2. q
0-FARM IMPLEMENTS
JSED 81 r. w. McCormick-Deer-
ing Il #, harvester thrasher. L
complete with rubber rollers, pick
I'M and flaw ot+ocb,,,o,,t
Imperial Valley press., 1941-04-03
23-CITY PROPERTY FOR SALE

MODERN 5 room dwelling fully
furnished. South part of city.
nice residential section.
Owner will take sacrifice price Of
$500 $500 cash. balance $50
monthly. Save rent, buy this real
home.
NUFFER LAND co.
Phone 45W ll5 No. 5th
Imperial Valley press., 1941-04-03
HiSTORY'S BIGGEST
RELIEF DROP EXPECTED

WASHINGTON. April 3 cUP)-
Work Projects Administration Of
ficials estimated today that 100000
workers would be laid off during
the next three months to take re-
lief rolls on July 10 10000 per-
sons-the lowest in WPA history.
Imperial Valley press., 1941-04-03
6-Personals, Special Notices

MEN, WOMEN! WANT VIM? Slim
ulants in OstreX Tonic Tablets
pep up bodies lacking Vitamin
B1, Iron, Calcium, Phosphorus.
Introductory size only 35c. Call.
write Clements Drug and all
other good drug stores.
Imperial Valley press., 1941-04-03
30-FARM IMPLEMENTS

USED 81 R. w, Mccormick Deer
ing II #. harvester thrasher,
complete with rubber rollers, pick
up, and flax attachment.
USED 60 MISUNDERSTANDING it,.
harvester thrasher Each of these
are real bargains.
international Harvester Co.
345 Olive Phone A8p
40
Imperial Valley press., 1941-04-03

NEW lawn mowers $795 each.
These take the drudgery out Of
lawn moving.
WHITING MEAD co.
l273 Main Phone 1872
Imperial Valley press., 1941-04-03

NEW PHILCO Refrigerator. Su-
preme in performance Economi-
cal in price. Whiting Mead Co
1878 Main
Imperial Valley press., 1941-04-03

FURNISHED, attractive rms. with
bath, electric equip. Inner Spring
mattress, cooler, ldry. tray washer.
water pd, permanants desired.
$50 Cos South Attn. 4-4
Imperial Valley press., 1941-04-03
l6-WANTED 70 RENT

WANT TO RENT small furnished
house or apartment, by perma-
nent couple. See Perry at Post
Press. 4-5
Imperial Valley press., 1941-04-03
27-Wanfed Miscellaneous

WANTED to buy-thin sows and
feeder pigs. Phone Brandt 1861,
BraWley. A.
Imperial Valley press., 1941-04-03

WE BUY almost anything and pay
the highest prices. Metal, iron,
rags, sacks, bones, hides, etc.
RELIABLE SALVAGE
3l3 Mai Phone 1871
Imperial Valley press., 1941-04-03

Of good used Electric
Ranges. Real buys at $25 up.
NEV-CAL ELECTRIC CORP.
COB Main. Phone 1910
If
Imperial Valley press., 1941-04-03
35-Irueks, Tractors. TraiIers

NEW family size streamlined easy
running trailer coach. Air brakes.
c. F.. Spencer. Gov. Camp, Holt
vile. Al