davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1941-10-31
Turkey on the Fence

Turkeys fence sitting position has
been accomplished by official pro-
nOuncementS during the ceremonies
marking the eighteenth anniversary
of the establishment of the republic.
The President and the Prime Min
lister alike stressed their cOuntryS
continued neutrality: also its grow
ing military strength and determina-
ton to defend it's territorial integ-
rity Impressive military parades
were staged, and much of the
mechanical equipment was brilliant
ly new-the products of British and
American factories recently shipped
to Turkey under the Lease-Lend Act.
This indicates the continuance OF
good relations with Britain under the
terms of the defensive alliance treaty
between the two nations.
Yet it must be remembered that
Turkey signed a friendship pact
with Germany just before Hitler
launched his attack on Russia, while
two high Turkish generals have been
touring the eastern front as Hitler'S
guests and have been personally re-
ceived by him. Also, commercial
agreement has been signed granting
the Reich a large measure of Turkish
foreign trade.
AS the one important neutral in
the Near East, Turkeys position be-
comes ever more difficult. President
Inonu reminded his people of this
when he told them in radio broad
cast: I'VE live on the very edge of
a holocaust" Sad experience has
taught the Turks that their safety
lies primarily in their own military
strength, coupled with shrewd and
realistic diplomacy. In the last
analysis, if Turkey is reluctantly
obliged to abandon its neutrality, it
presumably will choose what it be-
lieves to be the winning side.
Certainly, so long as the tide of war
in Russia continues to favor the
Germans, Turkey is unlikely to cast
in her lot with the British and the
hard-pressed Russians. Although re-
cent shipments of equipment from
Britain and America may have par
TALLY offset Turkeys admitted weak
ness in artillery, tanks and planes,
the Turkish Army is in no shape to
resist successfully major Axis drive.
However, Turkey already is in a
position to make the Axis pay dearly
for an invasion of its territory, and
the staggering losses suffered in
Russia must give the Axis pause be-
fore taking on so stubborn and brave
an opponent.
Turkey thus still retains measure
of independent action, and a still
larger degree of bargaining power.
But the more the scales tip in favor
of the Axis, the harder it will be to
maintain genuine neutrality. Either
a dicker with the Axis or last-ditch
fight for independence soon may be-
come Turkeys sole alternatives.
Evening star., 1941-10-31
CHEVY CHASE, Nd.

Dear Sir:
yesterday afternoon a small party,
including Alexander Wetmore, assistant
secretary of the Smithsonian Institution;
Franklin Fisher of the National Geo.
graphic Society and George Dunlop,
president and chairman of the Grounds
Committee of the Chevy Chase Club.
strolled out before sundoWn to the Bird
Sanctuary near the fifteenth fairWay on
the golf links at the Chevy Chase Club
to observe the variety of birds. AS you
know, this is not a particularly favorable
season to see a great number of species
and they only spent about half an
hour.
Here is a list of the birds seen, which
I think is quite remarkable:
"Bobwhite, red-bellied woodpecker,
phoebe, blue jay, myrtle warbler, ruby
crowned kinglet, starting mockingbird,
cardinal bluebird, junco, song sparrow,
chipping sparrow, swamp sparrow, field
sparrow, hite-throated sparrow, white
crowned sparrow. crow, goldflnch.
The Sanctuary is a wild tract of an
acre and a half and has been for the
last four years planted each spring with
mixed seeds, as follows: Sunf1ower, mil
let, buckwheat, soy beans
This gives a dense cover of edibles,
with considerable variety. The differ
ence in the height of the various growths
also, believe, adds to its attractiveness
(sunfower to feet, millet feet, and
the other two about Y feet to 2 feet .
Montgomery County, which has been
pointed out in your column many times,
used to be the outstanding spot both for
variety and numbers of birds. 1 re-
member about 20 years ago on spring
morning counting in a few hours time
64 varieties on walk over the club
grounds and course. In more recent
years birds are not as numerous in the
general Chevy Chase area due, I believe,
to the fewer wild spots and fewer
streams. thought you might be inter-
ested in the above because 1t shows
that by doing some well-planned work
the birds will come back.
Sincerely yours,
CARROLL MORGAN"
MOSC nome STOuIlOS Will HOl De ldI &c
enough for the planting of such things
as millet, buckwheat and soy beans.
Sunf1owers, however, are another
matter.
There is room in even the smallest
garden for a stand of sunflowers at the
rear, often in the corner between the
garage and the fence.
When the seeds ripen, the birds find
them So you have many unexpected
guests.
| 1t is by such forethought that the
bird population in and around great
cities is kept from declining, and, as
our correspondent points out, even may
be made to increase after it has gone
/ backward.
xx
| Trees, shrubs and vines-these are the
real mainstays of bird attraction.
They do more than food, even, to
Evening star., 1941-10-31
CIoueh

There is something of elemental
Justice in the present revival of in
terest in the life and work of Arthur
Hugh ClOugh. winston Churchill,
himself scholar of distinction long
before he rose to political eminence,
deserves appreciation for restoring
the long-departed poet to his place
among the worthless of Queen Vic
toria'S time.
That is not to say, of course, that
the lines quoted by the Prime Min
lister in his broadcast of April 81
were altogether unfamiliar to cult
waited listeners. One reason why the
verses stirred the universal audience
so deeply was that they were like
ancient music heard again and
recognized for beauty neither novel
nor new but rather old as old can be.
Thousands of men and women found
Say not the struggle nought avail
eth" in the textbooks of their youth,
read it and passed on. If whisper
fingered, it was not remarkable that
the heart should tolerate it through
the years.
Clough was person good to re-
member His days we're few, and he
failed of large success. Yet he won
a prize beyond material reckoning in
the respect and the love of his
friends John Buchan, Lord Tweeds-
muir, wrote of him that he was pos
sessed of beautiful character, in
tellectually fearless and honest, and
a sincere seeker after truth" Mat
thew Arnold paid him the homage
of the noble composition entitled
"Thyrsis." The CarlyleS and Emer-
son valued him among the highest.
He seems never to have injured any
human creature. The whole signif1-
canoe of him was gentleneSS and
made his presence a healing bene-
faction.
Born at Liverpool January /, 1919,
Clough was a cotton merchants son.
Part of his childhood was spent at
Charleston, South Carolina, and he
returned to Cambridge, MaSsachu-
sets, in 1852. Meanwhile, he was at
Rugby under DR.. Thomas Arnold
and at Oxford with Benjamin Jowett,
A. P. Stanley and Frederick Temple.
The poem cited by Mr.. Churchill was
penned in Rome in 1849. 1t was
not published until after his death
at Florence, November 13, 1861.
Clough's own experience is re-
f1ected, naturally enough, in the
picture he paints with words.
Evening star., 1941-10-31
Sherman Was Riqht

Britain, relatively free of the real
article for the last few months, has
been staging a series of sham battles
in which all the latest techniqueS are
tried out. Stress has been laid upon
sabotage as an important tactic, and
an interesting proof of its power has
just come to light.
A soldier Of the Reds, or the British
facsimile thereof, with considerable
ingenuity managed to filter into the
quarters of Blue general unde-
tected. So far, so good. What should
he do next? He could conceal him.
and bump him off in the manner
prescribed by the umpire. However,
he himself would almost certainly
be captured, and in any event the
Blues would merely break out an
other general. mayoe a better one,
and little would be accomplished.
Then this thought occurred to him:
Why not sabotage the general, de-
Stroying his efficiency instead of his
life? The soldier therefore blunted
the generals razor and sneaked back
to report.
His scheme worked After the
general had shaved, his temper suf-
fered even more damage than his
face, and his judgment even more
damage than his temper The orders
he issued, based more on anger than
cool strategy, turned out to be wrong,
and he was captured. Bitterly he
reflected, as he was led away, that
Sherman had the right dope.
Evening star., 1941-10-31
Saws Influence Is Needed
To Correct Highway Bridge.

To the Editor Of The Star.
Having just read in The Star Of the
wonderful new Rainbow Bridge at Nj
agara and of its four roads to the bridge
and eight roads away from it on the
American side and 16 on the Canadian
side I could not help but think OF our
own miserable condition here with re-
gard to the Highway Bridge across the
Potomac.
With Route No. 1 from Montreal to
Miami having only three lanes of traffic
south of the Highway Bridge with that
awful bottleneck at Columbia pike, I
say the whole situation is due to our
lack of influence with the Legislature
in Richmond, or with the Public Roads
Commission, and I am wondering and
praying if some pressure or influence
from your side of the river could not
be brought to bear to remedy long
too long-neglected condition.
Alexandria. F. r. v.
Evening star., 1941-10-31

the adversary's rights of war. A block
ade, however, does not imply that an
opposing force is legal or possesses po-
litical rights.
A formal declaration of war is not re-
quired for the existence of a war in law,
acts with hostile intent being sufficient.
Such acts and intent by Congress are
historic and continuing They are not
legally permissible to any excepting ma
tions at war They do not make Amer
icas quasi war in contradistinction to
the total war of Russia and England.
The extent of our hostility, which is
formidable, relates to the degree and
not to the nature of war. England, at
least, is sustained in the war by the
United States, and. would be conquered
if America ceased to be her armorer and
base of supplies.
The conquest of Russia would be of
less military advantage to Germany
than is our cooperation to England
The limitations of our war with the
Reich are imposed by Congress, whose
acts, nevertheless are equal in law to a
declaration of war, which Germany,
being fully occupied in Europe, is at
liberty to ignore, if not responding to
the challenge is in her interest. Pacifsts,
appeaserS and isolationiStS lawfully can
shout their opposition to the Nations
interests and purposes as these are
voiced and protected by the peoples
representatives in Congress, while the
political department of the Government
modifleS the war by maintaining official
relations with Americas enemy. That
such relations are completely irrational
Is demonstrated by the decision of our
legally at war, would be an intolerable
negligence not to protest to Germany
against the injuries to which American
public vessels are subjected by Ger
many's naval warfare. Were Russia and
England prostrated, the tolerance of
Germany respecting America would
vanish in q whirlwind of hate released
against the United States, war in
which Germany would endeavor to en-
gage the fleets and armies of the re-
mainder of the earth against us. This
certainly is reason why the Govern
ment and Congress could best cease
temporizing and stand unequivocally for
the rights of nations, of men and of
the eternal EDWARD CONN.
Evening star., 1941-10-31
Testifies to Faith
In Greek Renaissance.

One year has elapsed since Italy un-
Justly attacked diminutive Greece. In
the early morning of october %, l94O,
Fascist legions marched forth to over
run and conquer neighbor who re-
fused to acquiesce to enslavement by
consent. Instead of proving an easy
pushover. the military campaign against
Greece exposed for the first time the
vulnerability of the Fascist "invincibles."
For six consecutive months the invaders
suffered defeat after defeat. Fascist
military arrogance was Debated.
Against numerical superiority and the
unmatched implements of modern war
fare. impoverished Greece marshalled her
indomitable will. In defending their
honor and freedom, the Greek people
had learned through their long history
that victories are not won solely by
matching gun against gun. They brought
into play an unseen barrel which was
firing ceaselessly. This was their un-
conquerable human spirit and their un-
shakable will to die in the defense of
human freedom. They demonstrated
how the human spirit could multiply
firepower, and how it could make itself
immune to the hardships of war.
Now that Greece is enslaved, famished
and PROSTATE under the Axis jackboot,
the same unconquerable spirit manifests
itself in the unceasing resistance of her
people against their conquerorS. Greeks
at home and abroad have vowed that
they shall never be cajoled to submission,
no matter how harsh the coercive meas
ures might be. They shall carry on un-
f1inchingly till the overthrow of the Nazi
yoke, impervious as ever to any seductive
promises that might emanate from the
ranks of the architects of the new
order" DIR. N. G. MAVR1S,
Secretary General, National Committee
for the Restoration Of Greece.
Evening star., 1941-10-31
THIS AND THAT
BIZ Charles E. Trdce,ueH.

bring the songsters around our homes.
If, in the fall and winter, tray of
mixed seeds and grains is kept filled for
the birds, they will respond in most
pleasing way. This is a simple discovery
which many persons are making each
year.
A yard which is kept pruned too well
is not liked by the birds as we'll as one
in which the shrubs are let grow tall.
A few berry bushes also are helpful IN
attracting them. Often in the smallest
place blackberry bush can be planted.
At the Roosevelt Sanctuary at Oyster
Bay the following plants have given
the best results in bird attraction:
Tatarian honeysuckle, Chinese Christ
mas berry, turquoise berry, privet, ink
berry, black alder, bayberry, shadbush,
arrowwood, honeysuckle, silverthorn and
Towering dogwood.
There are many other plants, of course,
which the songsters find attractive. But
it is interesting to note that the various
dogwoodS, including the red-twigged,
and the humble japanese barberry, are
among their favorites.
Every home garden can have a dog
wood tree, as well as a barberry hedge.
Sometimes the latter is regarded with
disfavor, as common" but the birds
relish it just the same.
Nearly hundred species of birds have
been identified as coming to the dog
woods. Among them are the brown
thrasher, the cardinal, purple finch, cat
bird, flicker, bobwhite, downy wood
pecker, wood thrush, cedar waXwing,
robin, song sparrow and bluebird.
Trees always bring birds.
Maple, ash and many others produce
seeds of which they are fond.
The Russian mulberry is a great
favorite. The blackberry and June berry
produce berries for them, and the black,
red and choke cherries supply many
species.
If more cherry trees, and the mulberry,
were planted especially for the birds,
there would be less complaint from the
farmers about them stealing their fruit
The usual shrubs found in suburban
yards furnish the birds with nesting
sites If you want the birds to come to
them, do not spend too much time
pruning them each year. The song
sters prefer them uncut, with something
of the wild about them.
A few raspberry bushes will do won
ders in attracting birds to the home
grounds. Two or three in a back corner
will suffice Among the vines, the Vir-
| ginia creeper is one which many birds
love
/ The trumpet vine will attract hum
mingbirds with its flowers, and gold
finches with its seeds
! If all large estates and golf clubs wert
to plant the four crops suggested BY
our correspondent, and if all home
/ grounds, no matter how small, were II
put in a few berries and shrubs anc
vines which birds particularly like, much
could be done to help bring back the
songbirds to their former numbers.
Evening star., 1941-10-31
Aristocrots
Fearless ddhliaS,

Fearless dahliaS,
That lore the sunset of the year
And dare to face the frost and
s7lo1U,
When pale swset-scented blossoms
fade
'TiS then, that lovely dahliaS oIot0'
Regal ddhldS,
Aristocrats of high degree
Ancestored By the sun and rains,
They lift their QueeNly heads NTH
pride
OF royal blood 10ithtn their vetHS'
Courtly dahliaS,
Sedately botUing to their sun
Patrictan beauties, Stt61y got0ned
But tertured soft in fabrics rare
Whose dazzling colorS are re-
noDned.
Flaming ddhlids,
When summer talters, blaze the nay
To utnter, Denturesome and bold
Close listening at her frosty door
They almost hear her secrets told.
Dancing dahtaS,
That gladly tolloW autumn's lead.
They tread stately polonatSe
And all around the gardens march
Then disappear in autumn hdzs.
MARGARET THORINGTON
PRESTON.
Evening star., 1941-10-31

was sent to Canton to protect the
interests of the United States in
China. The task required tact and
fairness as well as keen perception
of the course of events, but he was
equal to its most exacting demands.
His procedure following the close of
the Opium War in 1842, it is acknowl-
edged, marked the initiation of the
open-door policy. The negotiation
of the first treaty between the Amer
ican and the Chinese governments
was in no small measure due to the
influence of his personality. He
subsequently contributed something
to the protection of the Hawaiian
Islands when they were threatened
by Lord George Paulet.
As commandant of the Norfolk
Navy Yard, then general superin-
tendent of ocean mail steamships
at New York and lastly commandant
of the New York Navy Yard, Kearny
lived out his career in terms of useful
service to his country. When he
retired in 1861, he had spent fifty
four years in uniform. He died
November 90, 1868, in the house in
which his life began.
Commodore Kearny's brother Fran
els Q785-183O was a celebrated
engraver in line and aquatint whose
works, including "The Last Supper"
after Da Vinci, are esteemed by COL
lectors. Major General Stephen
Watts Kearny Q794-1848), COM
mander of the Army of the West
and briefly Governor of the city of
Mexico, was a first cousin; and
Brigadier General Philip Kearny
Q814-1962), killed at Chantilly, like
wise was a relative.
Evening star., 1941-10-31

"He stands between two worlds,
watching one crumble behind him,
and only able to look forward by
the sternest exercise of faith to the
reconstruction that lies ahead in
the other"
When the manuscript, lent by the
Prime Minister, goes on exhibition
at the Library of Congress, there
may be more than few who will
wish to touch the glass above it as
one gratefully takes the hand of a
brother.
Evening star., 1941-10-31

O. How often is the design changed on
United States coins?-M. D.
A. According to law, United States
coins may not be altered IN design
oftener than once in 25 years.
O. Who invented synchronized firing
for airplanes?-S. T. G.
A. Anthony Fokker is credited with
the invention.
@. What is the Tai Mahal Of Amer
ica?-S. J. B.
A. The Singing Tower Of Lake Wales,
Fla, has been so-called.
Q. How many patents were granted to
Charles P. Steinmetz, the electrical en-
gineer?-C. D. S.
A. Charles P. Steinmetz received some
200 patents from the United States Pat
ent Office.
@. What word in the English language
contains all the vowels in correct order?
A. T. R.
A. "Abstemious" and "facetious" both
contain the vowels in natural order.
@. Does a wedding guest take the
usher's right or left arm?-H. R. P.
A. 1t is customary for an usher at a
wedding to offer his right arm.
@. What percentage of the gasoline
supply in the United States is used by
automobiles?-D. F. S.
A 1t is estimated that 90 per cent is
consumed by motor vehicles.
@. Are there many snakes in Ber-
muda?-C. B. R.
A. There are no snakes on the islands.
@. Please give some information about
the U. S. S. Alchiba.-M. M.
A. The Navy Department says that the
U. S. S. Alchiba (ex-M. S. Mormacdove)
was built as a cargo vessel under the pro-
gram of the United States Maritime Com
mission. 1t is now in service in the Navy.
@. What city had the first express
service?-W B. J.
A. The first express service in the
United States was instituted on March
4, 1899, between Boston and New York
by William F. Harnden. He carried the
earliest shipments in an ordinary valise.
travelling by train to Providence, thence
to New York by boat.
Evening star., 1941-10-31
Japan Newsweek Reference
Held Erroneous.

In an editorial last month The Star
referred to the Japan Newsweek as an
organ which sometimes reflected the
views of the japanese Foreign Office.
The following correction has been re-
ceived from the editors of that publica-
ton:
To the Editor of The Star:
Japan Newsweek always been inde-
pendent, entirely American owned, long
consistently editorializing anti-Axis pro-
American Therefore frequently s2p-
pressed. Japan Newsweek never has re-
fected japanese Foreign Office opinion as
some news reports implied. Ambassa-
dor Grew repeatedly indorsed our stand
American Japan relations. Furthermore
Japan Newsweek constantly backing ad-
ministration policy Europeward."
Evening star., 1941-10-31
Urges Recognition Of Hostility
OF Government of Germany.
To the Editor of The Star:


If definition of Americas acts
against Germany were required OF the
courts, they would decide that we are
legally at war with the Reich, regardless
of the fact that our armed forces are
not presently engaged in unrestricted
hostile operations, being restrained by
laws which limit their action.
The decision would be determined by
international not municipal, law, for the
reason that the express purpose of our
departure from neutrality was and is to
defeat the Reich with arms and to
hasten Germanys submission to su-
perior force.
The fact that Russia and England are
doing the actual fighting is less ma
terial than superficial reasoning sup
poses. The fundamental element that
is required to constitute public war is
intent, and no uncertainty exists as to
this Nations anin1us and desire to real.
ize the total suppression of the Reich.
That we seem to be unaware OF the
reality that the United States is at war
with Germany is not as amazing as
might be imagined. Wien the Federal
Government proclaimed blockade Of
the Confederacy and foreign nations
recognized the combatant rights of the
secessionists. Washington was aggrieved
and inclined to regard such recognition
as unfriendly Actually the original rec
ognition was by this Government in the
establishment Of the blockade. a measure
that by the law Of nations Acknowledges
Evening star., 1941-10-31
Letters to the Editor

Letters to the Editor must
bear the name and address of
the 1Criter, although the use OF
pSeudonyn1 for publication is
permissible. The Star reserves
the right to edit all letters lUith
q Uie1O to condensation.
Evening star., 1941-10-31
Asks About
Traffic Menaces.

To the Editor of The Star:
The constant query: "Why Must They
Die?" confronts one every day and I
feel impelled to say 1t is obvious why
many must die.
One reason is that the drivers at
tention Is often on his radio and not on
the pedestrians or on his car. Another
reason is the traffic law which allows
cars to turn the corner after the 60"
light is on for the pedestrians. These
two things are menaces to life and limb.
and can not understand why they are
allowed to exist. Perhaps some one will
enhghten me. A. r. SMALL.
Evening star., 1941-10-31
Entered as second-class matter post offct
Washington, D c,
Member of the Associated Press.

The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to
the use for republication of all news dispatches
credited to it or not otherwise credited IN TINS
paper and also the local news published herein.
All rights Of publication of special dispatches
herein also are reserved.
Evening star., 1941-10-31

Astronomy-In crisp, authorita-
tive style this little 48-page booklet
answers hundreds Of everyday
questions about the earth, sun,
moon, stars and planets. The lay
man as well as the astronomy en-
thusiast will find this booklet
stimulating interesting and in
structive. The index will guide the
reader to the field of his particular
interest. To secure your copy OF
this publication inclose 10 cents in
coin, wrapped in this clipping, and
mail to The Star Information
Bureau.
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