davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1941-09-29

light armament, never exceeded
10000 men. 1t has some motor
lied units, light tanks and fair
aviation. But 1t doesn't COM
pare with any OF the heavily
armed forces which have been
fighting the NaZis from the Ant
arctic to the Black Sea. Some
military observers consider these
Caucasian forces adequate for
the type of warfare which is
necessary in the Georgian and
Daghestan Mountains.
Others-especially the British
believe heavy armament is
necessary these days, even in
mountainous regions. The les
sons learned in Norway, Greece.
and in the rapid dissolution Of
the Serbian army in the Mace
donian Mountains, have proved
conclusively to the British gen.
eral staff that mountains and
passes cannot be held unless the
defenders are as well supplied
with modern war equipment as
the attackers.
Marshal Budenny no longer
possesses this equipment. Fur
thermore, the irritable marshal,
who in the early days Of the re-
organization of the Soviet armies
used to draw his pistol and shoot
any political commissar or officer
who opposed his ideas, is an
noyed because he has had no help
from the British. He is reported
to have spoken bluntly about his
men taking the brunt of the
German attack with no allied
support. The few military mis-
sions the British have sent to
Marshal Budenny's headquarters
and to Tiflis and Elizabetopol
have not been able to placate the
Red Army swashbuckler. He
wants complete cooperation with
the British forces. That is to
say, he wants to see British tanks
and motorized divisions close at
hand where they could come to
the rescue Of the Soviet forces.
The commander in chief of the
Evening star., 1941-09-29
By CONSTANTINE BROWN.


Reports that Sir Archibald
Wavell is planning to move a
part of his forces from Iran to
the Caucasus have not yet been
confirmed, but in the light OF re-
cent developments in Southern
Russia, military observers here
believe such a move is inevitable
if the Germans are to be halted
short of the Baku oil fields.
From all accounts, it appears
that Marshal Budenny's forces
have been badly mangled during
the last three weeks. While he
was able to save the major part
of his force when the Germans
blitzed Odessa, he is reported to
have been so confident that the
enemy wouldn't break through
the Kiev Notifications that he
threw the bulk Of his troops
around that city. The German
pincer was more formidable than
he expected, and now Marshal
Budenny has hardly a third of
his original force left.
He has not used mere than
two divisions of his Caucasian
army. AS far as is known here,
this army. composed mostly of
mobile troops equipped with
Evening star., 1941-09-29
Clarke Will Address
Personnel Society

Harry Newton Clarke Of Cleve-
land, an authority on training for
supervisory officers, will speak at
the first meeting of the season of
the Society for Personnel Admin
stration at Barker Hall. Y. w. C. A.,
at $50 pm, october 8. With his
subject. why Don't More Super
visors Make Good?" Mr.. Clarke will
analyze methods of selection and
training of supervisors in the Fed
eral service. He has served as a
personnel consultant for many of
the leading industries of the
country.
Robert M. Barnett, director of
personnel for the Federal Security
Agency, is president of the Society
for Personnel Administration.
Evening star., 1941-09-29
The Great Game of Politics
House Hearings on Price Control Appear
To Leove Henderson in Painful Position

been made by that gentleman.
Actually, he reaffirmed practically
everything Mr.. Baruch had said,
including the necessity of putting
the ceiling over farm prices, at
which Mr.. Henderson had baked,
and to which the administration
has seemed opposed.
Matter Of Wage Regulation.
The one exception was the matter
Of wage regulation. There Mr.
Morgenthau succumbed. He took
every hurdle but the last one. In
opposing wage regulation he de-
clared that 'in free countries labor
is not a commodity; human beings
are not property and should not
be treated as such" That, of
course, was just piece of dema-
goguery. No one has as much as
hinted that labor should not be
treated as human beings-and Mr..
Morgenthau we'll knows it. Also, he
knows that, while labor is not COM
modify, the wages of labor are the
chief factor in commodity prices
and to permit them to run wild
means that no price control can be
effective and imitation cannot be
averted.
He found himself able to speak
firmly about farm prices (are not
farmers human beings, too?) and
later about business profits, over
which he wants to put a very rigid
s per cent ceiling-but he does
not want to put any ceiling over
wages at all. 1t is pity he checked
short here and 1t is difficult not to
believe that the reasons were politi-
cal instead of economic-that he
funked that jump because of the
consistent White House unwilling
ness to oppose the leaders of or
ganized labor on any proposition
whatever.
Took Courage to Speak.
On this issue these leaders, being
all engaged in an effort to push
wages up and extend their power,
naturally oppose any governmental
restraint. 1t is too bad Mr.. Morgen-
thau could not bring himself to
advocate the flexible regulation of
wages which Mr.. Baruch suggests
and which does not affect the right
to strike nor the right to more
money when a case can be made
out. However, it was fine to see him
otherwise in accord-and especially
in the matter of food prices. His
was the first administration voice
to be raised on that subject-and it
took courage for him to raise 1t.
That, at least, segregates him from
Mr.. Henderson. 1t is strange thing
that 1t seems to penetrate the minds
of neither administration politicians
nor labor leaders that the plan to
include regulation of both wages
and food prices. so as to make pos
sible real price control, is directly
in the interests of the farmer and
the laborer, not against them. Once
prices run away-and they are bound
to run away with no restraint on
wages and food prices-the chief
sufferers will be the farmers and the
| laborers Their real friends are those
who want to include them-not
those who insist upon excluding
them. 1t does not take much INTEL
ligence to understand that. Yet poll
tics in our country is such that the
statesmen who understand it very
clearly indeed evade saying so pub
licly.
| (copyrisht. 1e41J
Evening star., 1941-09-29

German struggle. Most of the
supplies manufactured for the
British in the United States have
been rushed to the Middle East,
either through the Mediterranean
or the Persian Gulf. Gen. Wavell
has a homogeneous army in the
Middle East. Marshal Budenny
insists that for the common
cause, a portion of this army
should be rushed to the Caucasus
to meet any eventuality. He
feels that in spite of the noun
tains. the Germans may be able
to break through because of the
condition Of his armies. Marshal
Budenny is described by those
who know him as an "independ-
ent cuss." If the British do not
comply with his reasonable re-
quests, it is hard to predict what
he will do If he loses his temper.
Evening star., 1941-09-29

the last war to keep Americans
sober by forbidding them to
drink any beverages containing
more than 3 per cent of alcohol.
We were to achieve temperance
by most Incorporate measure.
We were to keep Americans virtu-
Gus by treating them as though
they were not adult.
Obviously, there had been
great abuses in the liquor traffic,
and the saloon was tied up with
politics in most unSavory way.
To have regulated traffic in
liquor, and enforced restrictions
upon it, would have been reason
able but difficult. So we just
appropriated the business and
outlawed spirits, wines, beer
except the near variety of which
it was said, Anybody who calls
this near-beer mas no sense Of
distance"
The result was not temper
ance, but the most drunken age
America has ever known. In
stead Of whisky we got rotgut,
and instead of divorcing politics
from the liquor business, we got
rampant gangsterism and a cor
ruption unique in American life.
All that is a familiar story, but
prohibitionism-the attempt to
deal with a problem by prohibit
ing the problem-has not been
confined to the matter of alco-
holic beverages. We have had
an age of prohibition in regard
to peace and world affairs.
At about the same time that
we prohibited Americans from
drinking Sauterne, Scotch and
rye we also prohibited them from
using their economic and political
power to establish lasting peace
in this world. The argument that
kept us out of the World Court
and the League of Nations was
that Europe was full of nasty
nations with ancient hatreds,
that they were always making
war and that they were so slick
that no American could stand in
their company without losing his
shirt.
The iSolationist argument Is
a typical prohibition argument.
1t is the do-nothing argument,
the argument of safety by denial.
Under the theory that we were
unable to cope with world prob
lens, we decided to avoid them.
The result, in the second place,
was as disastrous as in the first.
We have another world war on
our hands. Just as immoderate
and illegal drunkenness was the
result of unwillingness to make
reasonable and constructive
approach to the abuse Of strong
drink, 50 totalitarian war is the
result of unwillingness to make
q constructive and united ap-
proach to the problem Of peace
with justice.
In the field Of economics, the
same "easy way" which is the
way of prohibition, has kept us
for 20 years from using to their
fullest our great productive ca
pacities. To do 50 would require
constructive thought and basic
Evening star., 1941-09-29
This Changing World
Heavy Losses Of Budenny's Army Make
British Help in Caucasus Mandatory

southern armies is afraid the
Germans may continue the war
in that region after they have
become entrenched in the center
and in the north. The climate
in Southern Russia would make
continuation of the German Of
fensive possible.
Pounding at Crimea.
The Nazi forces are now
pounding at the gates Of the
Crimea. They have crossed the
Dneiper in several places and
are moving southwark toward
the Sea Of Azov. The southern
most forces, composed of Nazi
and Rumanian divisions, are at
tempting to reach the narrow
neck which separates Crimea
from the Ukranian mainland. If
they succeed in capturing that
peninsula, Sevastopol and Feo-
dosia. the principal ports, would
become German bases OF opera
ton against the Caucasus.
Marshal Budenny is expected
to do his utmost to defend these
positions, but nobody knows how
long his battered forces can hold
out. 1t is true that the geograph-
ical configuration Of the Caucasus
would be of great help to the
defending forces. Lofty noun
tains surround the gates to the
Baku oil fields. But the natural
obstacles can be overcome if the
defenders are obliged to retreat
because of lack of equipment. 1t
is agreed in Moscow, London and
Washington that the situation Of
the Nazis would be enormously
improved if they manage to reach
the oil f1elds-even if the wells
and transportation facilities are
destroyed by the Russians.
Moscow can give Marshal
Budenny little support at present.
The Russian armies in the CEN
ter and in the north have suf-
fered severe losses and are now
fighting on borrowed time. They
are drawing heavily on reserve
supplies accumulated during a
period Of years. Little, If anything
at all, can be sent to Georgia or
Azerbaijan.
On the other hand, the British
army in the Middle East is re-
puted to have a sizable amount
Of modern war equipment,
brought to Iraq and Iran during
the three months of the Russo
Evening star., 1941-09-29
D. {. Area Retail Sales
Are S47O, 900 in 1899

Retail sales Of 8,700 stores in the
metropolitan district of Washing
ton in 1899 totaled $47o 987 900, the
Census Bureau reported today.
With 73 per cent of the popula-
ton, the City of Washington ac-
counted for 6,S93, or 1872 per cent
Of the stores, and S4o2, 1853 900. or
85.5 per cent of the retail sales in
the metropolitan district.
Evening star., 1941-09-29

the disregard of the lessons that
Christ taught. The atmosphere Is
full of hate and bitterness. The
blame Is not all on one side or in
one party or group or profession.
against Christianity, and inside
America neglect of the teachings
of Christ is all too apparent, even
sometimes among those with ad-
vantages of position in public or
private life.
If ever there were need for the
application Of Christian philosophy
TO a national mood, it would seem to
Evening star., 1941-09-29
Prohibition Type Of Thinking Has Crippled
American Economic and Political Power

SVSt
reform. But constructive thought
and basic reform are hard.
Therefore, let us-so ran the
srgument-meet the problems by
avoiding a radical analysis of
them.
We wanted to prevent a slump
after the last war. So, under a
series of Republican administra-
tions, we undertook huge
spending and investment pro-
gram, of private money, pumped
into capital goods, not only in
this country, but all over the
world. Under the Roosevelt ad-
ministration we continued this
program, but pumped public
money into consuming power in
this country. There was a prob
lem of overproduction. But in
stead of really looking for new
markets abroad, and finding ways
in which these new markets could
be developed to the advantage OF
other nations and not their ruin.
we prohibited production by
ploughing under.
That is again the prohibition
mentality. The world was starv-
ing for the products of our fields
ana factories, but no one could
think how our production could
be made profitable, in the largest
and most permanent sense of the
word, to contribute to the rise of
the standard Of living through
out the earth. So, we stopped
producing.
The result of the spending
policy of the Republican admin
1strations was to encourage
wholesale borrowing from already
deeply indebted European ma
tions, make the liquidation of the
war debts increasingly impossible,
and eventually help to plunge
Europe into that financial panic
and unemployment out OF which
we got Hitler.
The result of the policies Of the
first, second and third New Deals
was to break down working
morale, and leave us, in a critical
moment, short of actual materials
and skilled workers.
Prohibitionism is not the
American way, and if it had
been this Nation would not have
grown in hundred and sixty
odd years from a handful Of
Colonies to an empire stretching
across continent.
We didn't make America by
trying to avoid anything danger
Gus or anything hard. We made
1t on faith, work, and a willing
ness to tackle any problem, in
full confidence that the American
genius could find the answer.
We didn't think all the world was
smarter than we were, but that
1t was considerably dumber. Ben
jamin Franklin and Thomas JET
ferson in Paris did not think that
American diplomacy was of ne
cessity inferior to that of Eu-
rope-and 1t wasn't.
And, incidentally, we didn't
make America by avoiding war.
We made it by raising the en-
blem of the rattlesnake and the
cry, Don't tread on me-"
And we didn't think democracy
was just for home consumption.
We proclaimed liberty through
out the earth.
We believed in America and in
ourselves, and what we started
we saw through. And the world
respected us, not because we
were rich and had an immense
industrial plant and more money
in the banks than anybody else
and more silk stockings and mo-
tor cars and radios and iceboxes
and bathrooms than any one else,
but because we were a Nation of
men, scrappy, hard working
the Understanding people on
earth-friendly to our friends,
and dangerous to our enemies.
And 50 we shall be again.
CReleased by the Bell Syndicate. Ine)
Evening star., 1941-09-29
w. P. A. Advisory Group
Will Meet Wednesday

The third annual meeting of the
National Advisory Committee Of
the w. P. A. Community Service
program will be held here Wednes-
day and Thursday, it was an
nounced today by Mrs. Florence
Kerr, assistant w. P. A. commits
sioner.
High light Of the two-day session
will be a luncheon at the White
House Thursday, when the group
will be the guests of Mrs. Roose-
Welt
Evening star., 1941-09-29

After B. M. Baruch had con-
cluded the clearest and most con-
vincing presentation of the whole
subject which has yet been made,
he indorsed Mr.. Henderson as the
best available man for the job of
price administrator. At the time
Mr.. Henderson was in very bad odor
in Congress. 1t had been charged
that his organization was packed
with Commmistic men and women
| and that his own views were of an
extremely radical nature. 1t was
clear there would be bitter opposi-
ton to putting operation of the
price law wholly in his hands. Under
such circumstances, the Endorsement
of Mr.. Baruch was Of very great
value to him.
Pummeled Baruch Plan.
1t naturally was taken as mean
ing that Mr.. Baruch felt Mr.. Hen
derson was In accord on the basic
principles Of the price-control prob
lem and could be trusted to admin
lister the law along sound lines.
His stock rose considerably. There
fore, it was surprise when, a few
days later, Mr.. Henderson pummeled
the Baruch plan all over the lot,
dissenting from its chief features
and lauding the pending bill, with
all its glaring defects and absurdi-
ties. Various explanations Of this
were given. One was that 1t is
typical of the extreme New Dealer
first to reject an idea, no matter
how inevitable its final acceptance
may be, in order to approach it from
another angle which will give the
appearance of originality
The Baruch plan is as simple and
inexorable as the multiplication ia
BILE. but to accept it as an outside
suggestion would seem to mean that
the administration itself was bereft
of new ideas, had found it was on
the wrong track and now must be
guided by the counsel of experience
an altogether abhorrent idea in
higher administration circles. An
other explanation was that Mr.. Hen
derson could not publicly agree with
the Baruch plans without repudiat-
ing those of his young counsel
David Ginsberg, who, it is under
stood, drew the pending measure,
Situation Confused Again.
A third explanation was that the
close political link of the New Deal
with the labor and farm lobbies
made it impossible for Mr.. Hender-
son to follow, Mr.. Baruch in urging
control Of food prices and wages
And, finally, 1t was said that Mr.
Henderson is so congenitally con-
troversial and loquacious that he
could not refrain from making ar
argument, though with some of what
he said he did not himself fully
agree. At any rate, the net result
Is that the situation, which had
seemed to be clarifying. once more
has become confused and the oppo-
sition to Mr.. Henderson, which hao
lessened with the Baruch indorse-
ment, has stiffened very much
particularly in the Senate, where
the swing toward sanity seems a lit
tie stronger than formerly.
However, it was Secretary of the
Treasury Morgenthau who pushed
Mr.. Henderson farther out on the
limb. Because Mr.. Morgenthau
who, when let alone, generally talks
good sense, made strong state
ment which sounded so like Mr.
Baruch's statement Except for one
thing that 1t might easily have
Evening star., 1941-09-29

price admins
traitor, seems in
a rather painful
position. Instead
of g a i n i n G
ground either in
Congress or out
side, as a result
of the elaborate
explanations Of
his views, with
which the rec
ord is filled, he
appears to have
lost ground. 1t
is easy to un-
Evening star., 1941-09-29

be here today. It is task not alone
for the church, but for the indi-
vidual. Leadership of government,
leadership Of capital, leadership Of
labor-all these are important re-
sponsibilities leadership of the
soul right now might unity America.
1t might bring a nation together
to protect not the purse of one, or
the indulgences Of the other, but
the cause of human brotherhood
which gave birth to Christianity
itself.
characterization Rinhtf RaxsYvadN
Evening star., 1941-09-29

arts degrees ana
even those who
give you that
LII. D., Phi. D.
and the other
alphabet busi-
ness?
Okay. I've
found a short
cut for you. Just
throw some
things in a bag
and come on to
Washington and
take a free seat
at the Senate
Evening star., 1941-09-29

q e S K I e l / a
strange story of
emotionalism.
The abusive
type of commu-
nications a r e
thrown in the
waste basket by
q secretary and
are thus never
seen by the per-
son TO whom
I n e y are ad-
q r e S Sc d b u t
those lie t t e r S
r..l,iol, ao,,,oro
Evening star., 1941-09-29
Workers Moy Check
1887 Security Records

Workers who want to know Ii
their wages were correctly reported
to the Social Security Board for
old age insurance in 1887 have until
the end of this year to find out,
B. M. Williams, manager OF the
social security Office here, said to-
day. Cards that require only a
1-cent stamp will be furnished at
the Office, 937 F street NV, on
which application for the wage rec.
ord may be made. The law allows
a four-year period in which to check
errors.
Evening star., 1941-09-29


ously express viewpoint on public
affairs without personal innuendo
are always worthy of analysis.
One important conclusion can be
drawn. People feel the issues of
the present war emergency more
deeply than they have ever felt any
political or economic question be-
fore. While paralleling somewhat
the mail received between 1914 and
1917, the emotion this time is far
deeper.
UnqueStionably one reason for
this is the success of Nazi agents
in America. In the period before
the first World War, the German
intrigue was clumsy and it used
persons of obvious foreign extrac-
ton or sympathy but this time
Americans have been duped into
taking the front line and the prop
aganda has been plainly effective.
Detection of Propaganda.
How does one detect propaganda?
There Is clear similarity between
the arguments shipped here by Ber-
lin and those expressed by certain
American groups. The reason this
happens is not because the Amer
leans are in any way conscious of
German link. Far from it. Rather
the Nazis this time have discovered
that the best way to divide Amer
leans is to play upon their natural
prejudices or controversial differ
ences and intensity them.
Thus it took very little imagina-
ton for the chief Nazi strategist
to figure out that there had been
in America a natural prejudice
against Britain extending over many
decades and intensified by Eng
lands mistakes in handling Ireland
and other doninions. Likewise Brit
been none too scrupulous-no more
perhaps than some Americans have
been In their handling Of investors
as for instance in 192o-but where
there is even q scanty foundation
for the building OF a prejudice
against Britain it has been capt.
talized to the utmost.
Another easy maneuver for the
Nazis has been to foment racial and
religious prejudices which have al
ways existed in America. The Nazis
have succeeded in intensifying and
enlarging these to the point where
persons of culture and education
who would deny vehemently that
they were irreligious or anti Chris
tian at heart readily accept the
cruel Hitler doctrines Of discrimina-
ton.
Most Disquieting Manifestation.
What is most disquieting, however,
is the manifestation of extreme
selflshness and materialism that
runs through so many letters. II
women and children are being tor
tured across the street from ones
house, 1t is no longer q matter Of
humane concern to many of our
citizens.
While processing a desire to de-
fend America against actual attack,
1t is questionable whether many
citizens would lift finger to defend
the freedom of the press. or Of wor-
ship, or the freedom of speech. Too
many letters say frankly that these
freedoms should be suppressed, or
at least restricted If freedom of
speech can be defined as the late
Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes de-
fined it-"Freedom for the thought
we hate"-then many Americans
would have it abolished overnight.
The most disturbing aspect Of
ones mail these days. however, is
Evening star., 1941-09-29

characteristic
of them that
W e h a v e
ou 6 h t t o
prosper a n d
pro gress by
not d DIN 6
t h i n G S in
stead of do
Ing tnen.
A well-or-
ganized mi
nority in the
United States
d e c i d e d at
the close of
Evening star., 1941-09-29
On the Record
BY DOROTHY THOMPSON.

When the last 20 years are
recorded in American history
they might well be called The
Epoch of Prohibition. For it is