davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Omaha guide., 1941-10-18
THE UNIONS ARE WITH US

A%nti-union practice on the part
of Negroes today is the simplest kind
of f%oolishness. Every job in the Unit
ed States today which is really worth
having is either under contract with a
union or soon will be. Moreover, most
of the manufacturing and mechanical
industries in which Negroes are employ
ed are already organized. In fact
many employers who used Negro labor
as a kind of anti-union insurance a few
The Omaha guide., 1941-10-18
LABOR & INDUSTRY
(by George F. McCray for AMP
AN AGGRESSIVE PROGRAM

Last week | raised the question
what attitude Negro workers should
take toward the new interest shown in
us and our problems by the AT of L..
the Go. and various community and
governmental agencies. Attention was
directed to several courses which we
might follow. We could be timid and
merely accept what is offered, or we
Gould develop an aggressive program,
accepting whatever is offered to us of
value, but always seeking and demand
ing and working for more until full
equality with all other workers is a.
chieved.
With unwavering determination
the Negro worker should follow an ag-
gressive program-discreet well
through, but determined. Not since
the Civil war has the country been so
CONSCIOUS of our problems. Never
have the American people been SO will
ing to heed our pleas for economic JUS
tlce. Standing as a monument to our
progress is the fact that we are now in
position to exert tremendous pressure
on both labor and business to force
them to change their discriminatory
practices.
The Omaha guide., 1941-10-18
BETWEEN THE LINES
NAZISM NEXT DOOR
(by Dean Gordon B. Hancock

H. MIA DOON
When Lindbergh sets upon the
Jews he is coming dangerously neal
the Negroes. Nazism thrives- on race
hatreds and well might the Negroes
tremble when the race persecution
CONS to the Jews, for then is it next
door to the Negroes.
Only a aortuitous circumstance
saved the Negroes from great perse-
cution when KuKluxKlan was directed
wholly against Negroes the revised
form of the movement included Jews,
Catholics and Negroes, and therein was
the Negroes salvation. Had the Khan
not mistakenly lined up against these
other two elements in our nation, great
would have been the tribulation Of Ne
groes. But the Jews and Catholics
could take care of themselves and incid
entally they took care of the Negroes.
1t is mpst fortunate for Negroes
that Nazism in this country is making
its initial racial assault on the Jews;
and we only hope that the Catholics
will come next as this will give the Ne
groes a breathing spell. Lindbergh has
indirectly mitigated any wrath Nazism
may be inclined to mete out to the Ne
gro race; and there is such wrath,
though latent, it is potent; and we
must not deceive ourselves on this point
When the attack on the jews comes it
brings trouble next door to the Negro
es of the country.
We may as we'll be warned that
unless Hitlerism is DEBATED great trib-
ulation awaits our already hardpress-
ed race. For every reason Negroes
had for fighting in past wars, there
are many reasons for fighting in this
one. The threat against the Negro is
more dire than ever and with the poss-
lbllity Of a worldwide conquest, those
until they are annihilated. That is to
say, If Nazism wins worldwide dom;n-
ion with its persecution complex, min
GRITTY groups will be doomed perhaps
unto their final determination.
The democratic and Christian
theology has been the only redeeming
hope of the in~terracial situation throu-
ghout the world. When democracy per
ishes from the earth the hopes and for
tunes of the darker races will also per-
ish. Then will Christianity be so en-
asculated that it cannot function in
saving oppressed groups.
1t must not be forgotten that
there + those in this country commit
ted to the proposition that in order
that this country may. reach it's destiny
it must be relieved Of its darker pop
ulation. The movement that springs
up ever and anon to have the Negro re-
patriated in Africa is merely a sympt-
ON of an underlying social disorder
that will call for more attention as the
years go by. There is a threat in this
recurring movement that Negroes
have never fully appreciated. Under
Hitlerism the repatriation Of Negroes
in Africa would be speedily consum-
mated.
Today we have a press in this ma
ton that has a conscience; under Naz-
ism the press would have none. Today
the Negro can make his protest vocal;
under Nazism his voice of protest
would be silenced. Today the Negroes
dark outlook gives hope of a brighter
tomorrow; under Nazism there would
be no tomorrow. One of the most dis
quieting symptoms of this whole sit
uation here in the United States is the
The Omaha guide., 1941-10-18
THE LINE OF BATTLE

With this opportunity on our
hands, our first objective should be to
break down discrimination in unions
and to make them democratic. To do
this We must be in dead earnest about
this whole union business. In reputa-
ton we should become as pro-union in
the immediate future as we were anti
union a few years ago. Not only must
we fight for admission in all unions,
but we must make union business
business. And to the unions which adj
nit us today we must contribute both
leadership and membership.
The Omaha guide., 1941-10-18
THIS OPPORTUNITY WILL
NOT WAIT

Of course, this opportunity is not
Of our making. Our part in it was i'm
measurably small. If we were ID ident
lily individuals with the complicated
forces operating in national and world
affairs, out of which operation this op-
Milford chronicle., 1941-05-16
FELTON,

The FELTON, High School Alumni
Association will hold public card
party in the school auditorium on
Friday evening, May 23rd. Bridge
five hundred" and other gaines
will be played Prizes given and
refreshments served.
Mr.. and Mrs. Paul Layfield OF
Philadelphia, spent the weekend
with Mr.. and Mrs. Harry Lynch.
Miss Caroline Simpler spent sew
eral days recently in PhiIadel-
phia.
Mr.. and Mrs. Charles Barton
have returned home after spend
ing the winter in st. Petersburg,
Miss Marjorie Mccoy, William
and Edwin Mccoy of Wilmington,
spent last Sunday with their
grandfather. William Frazier.
A musical program under the
direction Of Professor Richard
MacFadden. will be given in the
school auditorium on Friday even
ing. May 18th, at 1880 O'clock. The
home economies. manual training
and art departments will also have
exhibits.
John F. Moore OF Fort Totten,
N. Y, spent the weekend with his
father, John f. Moore. Sr.. and
Mrs. Moore.
The Avon Club was entertained
last Wednesday afternoon at a
Milford chronicle., 1941-05-16

Jester; second delegate, Mrs. Allan
Biggs altcrnates, Mrs. Benjamin
Hughes and Mrs. N. M. Hammond
Announcement was made of the
Kent county club picnic to be held
at Richardson Park, Dover, on May
26th.
Miss Rose Bastian Of New York,
and Mrs. Ambrose Killen Of Dover
spent Tuesday of last week with
Charles Bastian.
Frank Kitchens Of Wilmington,
spent the weekend here.
Members of the tenth grade, ac-
companied by Professor Joseph
Glacken, spent last Saturday at
Longwood Gardens.
Jackie Sipple, son of Mr.. and
Mrs. Charles Sipple, celebrated his
seventh birthday anniversary last
Saturday by having a party.
Mr.. and Mrs. Walter Killen and
of Philadelphia, called on
FELTON, friends on Sunday.
Milford chronicle., 1941-05-16
WARWICK

Miss Helen Moore, daughter OF
Mr.. and Mrs. Joshua Moore, and
Robert Wilkins, son of Mr.. and
Mrs. Robert Wilkins of George
town, we're married ON Thursday
afternoon, May s, at Nassau by the
Rev. John Whedhee.
MIR. and Mrs. Wilkins will make
their home in the Chapman apart
ments, Georgetown, on return from
a wedding trip.
Reversing their decision of last
week the members of the Indian
River Yacht Club decided to extend
their pier another sixty feet to
reach deeper water rather than
dredge the area surrounding the
pier as it now stands. BY the new
move the club will secure five
more slips and an additional sixty
feet of open dock space. With the
new boats in the club and the old
ones rapidly getting in shape for
sailing, it was decided to hold the
first race of the season Sunday,
June /.
MIR. and Mrs. Paul Short were
Sunday guests of Mrs. May MeGee.
Mr.. and Mrs. Albert Steele Of
Hartly, Md, were Sunday after
noon guests of Mr.. and Mrs. e. r.
Blizzard and Mrs. Lima Mumford.
Mrs. Vernon Burton, of Long
Neck, is a patient in the Milford
Memorial Hospital.
Mr.. and Mrs. Dan Steele had as
their recent Sunday guests Mr..
and Mrs. Earl Steele. of near
Zoar.
Mr.. and. Mrs. w. G. .Cordrey were
recent Sunday guests of Mr.. and
Mrs. Larry Timmons.
MIR. and Mrs. Mcdaniel, Of Will
spent the weekend at
their cottage at Oak Orchard.
Mr.. and Mrs. Calvin Esham and
family OF Gumboro, spent Sunday
with Mr.. and Mrs. L. R. Lingo.
Milford chronicle., 1941-05-16
MAGNOLIA


Many friends aud former resi-
dents came ON Sunday for tn
Home Coming and dedication o
our church. Visitors from all part
of the state were present. Specia
music in the morning was a yOca
solo by Mrs. Mary Coulter o
Greenwood, and trombone solo b,
Philip Taylor. also of Greenwood
In the afternoon a vocal duet b]
Rev. and Mrs. r. E. Green of Hdr,
rangton and male quartette from
Sudlersville. The junior choir ua-
der the direction of Mrs Myra Nc
Ilvaine sang both in the morning
and in the afternoon. DIR. Hearn Of
Dover and DR.. Foxe Of Salisbury
we're the speakers.
The evening program was a very
I impressive and well rendered pag-
cant for which the director, Mrs
Ebert Dill and her assistant, Mrs.
G. w. Collins deserve. much credit
and also each member of the cast
who took their parts so well and
the choir for their excellent rendi-
ton Of the vocal numbers.
The financial part of the redec-
Grating program is progressing
nicely. Rev. w. L. Beckwith ex-
pressed his appreciation on Sunday
evening for the fine cooperation he
had received during the entire pro-
cedure All those present on Sun
day morning who had contributed
to the finance committee pledged to
duplicate their former contribu-
tion. This amount added to col
lection on Sunday will defray all
expenses up to the present and
leave a good balance to start beau
tifying the outside Of the building.
The amount already raised and
subscribed for will exceed $1,000,
beside the balancing of the annual
church budget for the past year.
Mr.. and Mrs. William Storey have
issued invitations for the marriage
Of their daughter, Elizabeth Isabel,
to James Il. Smith on Sunday, May
20, at 1890 o'clock in the church.
A surprise shower was given for
bride and gfoom-to-be at the home
of Mr.. and Mrs. Hazel Roe on
Tuesday evening. The hostess was
assisted IN entertaining by Misses
Margaret Roe and Mary Barnard.
Covers were laid for twenty. The
honored guests were the recipients
of many lovely gifts and the eve
ming was very pleasantly spent in
games.
Miss Jean Louise WEIGH Of Gar
den City, Long Island. was an over
night guest Of Mr.. and Mrs. Ii. B..
Anderson on Thursday.
MIR. and. Mrs. Fred Farrow and
son Fred, Jr, of Audubon, N. j.,
were guests on Sunday of Mr.. and
Mrs. John Farrow.
Mrs. Homer Wright and her mo
ther, Mrs. William Short spent Sat
urday in Wilmington and were ov-
ernight guests Of Mr.. and Mrs. A.
J. Coke.
Mr.. and Mrs. William Dawson OF
Camden, spent the weekend with
her parents, Mr.. and Mrs. r. C. In
gram.
Mr.. and Mrs. Nutter Marvel enter
tanned recently MIR. and Mrs. G. w
] Walls, their daughter, Mrs. Sara
/ Cramner aud her daughter, little
Miss Ellen Jeanette Of Beverly, n
j., and Mr.. and Mrs. L. F. Parlette
4 of philadelphia.
Mr.. and Mrs. Thomas Kennedy
and daughter Ethelda accompanied
MIR. and Mrs. William I.afferty to
wilmington on Sunday TO visit Mr.
and Mrs. Harry Cats.
Milford chronicle., 1941-05-16

garden party at the home Of the
president, Mrs. N. M. Hammond.
This was the final meeting of the
season. During the business ses-
sion it was decided to contribute
as usual to the Palmer Home in
Dover. Delegates to the State Fed
Grafton meeting to be held in Re-
hoboth in June were elected as fol-
lows: First delegate, Mrs. Ashton
Milford chronicle., 1941-05-16

Mrs. PurnelI Davis and sons. of
York, Pa and Mr.. and Mrs. James
Gobay, Of Philadelphia, were week
end guests of Mr.. and Mrs. John
Davis.
Milford chronicle., 1941-05-16

Home grown asparagus is plen-
tiful in local markets, priced as
low as 10c per bunch. This tasty
vegetable is rich in yitamins. and
is good for young and old alike.
Milford chronicle., 1941-05-16

Mrs Clara r. Salisbury OF Mont
gomery, Pa, and Mr.. and Mrs.
Robert Reynolds and son OF VIII
mington, were FELTON, visitors on
Sunday.
Milford chronicle., 1941-05-16

Mrs. Calhoun Ross and son, Ed
ward, of Wilmington, spent the
weekend in town with Mr.. Ross.
Milford chronicle., 1941-05-16
ModsINo s6s

With q modern Psrfseiion OIL Stove you
con do anYihins ihot eun be done with
any other eooksiove-and some things no
other stove will do.
The Hieh-PoweF burners have long
ehimnsys thot DIRECT the hs1t-sivs heat
in MOTION and in greet volume fest
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1941-02-27
Legal Notices
ORDER APPOINTING TIME Yon
HEARING CLAIMS

STATE OF MGCHiGAN. The Pros
bate Court for the County Of WASH
tenav
AZ a session OF said Court. Aeid at
the Probate OFFICE In the CITY OF
Ann Arhor. IN the said County. on
the eth day Of February A. y. 1871.
Present. Honorable Jay O. Pray.
Judge OF Probate.
In the Matter Of the Estate OF
Francis A. Gotta, Deceased
II appearing 20 the Court that ths
time for prefontation Of claims
against said estate should be limit
ed. and taat time and place be APP
pointed 70 receive. examine and ad-
Just all claims and demands against
said deceased ~ and before said
Court:
II is ORDERED. Tint creditors OF
said deceased are required 10 pre-
sent their claims to said Court at
sad Probate OFFICE on Or before tine
18TH day Of April A b. 1871. at
ton O'Clock IN TIE forenoon. said
time and place being hereby appoint
ed for the examination and adjust
fnent Of All claims and demands
against SAID deceased.
II lis Further Ordered. That pub
nc notice thereof be 2 en- b. publi-
cation Of copy OF this order for
three successive weeks pro ious to
said day Of hearing. In rne fpsilahti
DAILY Press, newspaper printed
.ad circulated IN said county.
JAY o. PRAY, Judge Of Pro-
bate
Adv f.r27
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1941-02-27
DeadIines Set For Civil
Service lob Examinations

March rs IL the deadline for sp-
plicauts 10 take examinations for
the post Of state purchasing direc.
tor. fish culture aide, motion pic.
ture clerk and prison guard. accord.
ing 10 state civil service announce
monts. The purchasing director
job pays $3.50 a month
March q IL the closing date for
applicants 10 take examinations for
two Jobs as institutional psycholo-
gist. while applications for two at
tendant nurse positions may be
taken at any time.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1941-02-27
APPorFTMEEr or ADMINIsrRA-
TON

STATE or MICHIGAN. The pro.
bate Court Tor the county Of Wash
Ala session ~ said Caurt. held ~
the Probate office IN the city ~
Ann Arbor. IN said County. On tie
18th day Of February \. j., 1851
Present. Hon. Jay G. Pray. Judge
Of Probate
In the Matter Of TIE Estate OF
John Duokstt. Deceased
Axle Duckett. son OF said deceased
having flied IN said Court his petl-
ton praying that the administra ton
II said estate be granted 20 AlRie
Duckett. or 70 some other suitable
person.
IA h Ordered. That the 18th day
OF April a. -. 1871. At ten o'clock IN
tae forenoon. at said Probate office,
he and ia hereby appointed for near
INK said petition;
IL is Further ordered. That public
notice thereof be given BY pHbllca=
zion Of copy Of this order. once
earr week for three successive
weeks previous 10 said day OF hear
fnF.-in the Ypsilanti Daily Press
ne " spapsr PEIntsd and circulated In
' JAY c. PRAY. Judge Of Pro-
A true COPY.
Nora o. Borgert. Register o. Pro-
bate
ADV. f-sob
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1941-02-27
TO NEGOTIATE LOAN

Lansing. Feb. 27-AP-Deputy
State Highway Commissioner Lloyd
B. Reid was In Washington today
10 negotiate with the Reconstruc.
ton Finance Corp for a 100000
loan 10 finance right-of.way and
property-damage cost incident to
the departments proposed $4,000
900 REPRESENTATIONS cross
town motor.yay in Detroit.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1941-02-27
TO ASK RESTRICTIONS

Lansing. Feb. 27--AP-Sheldon
B. Steers, acting director OF the
State Board OF Aeronautics. said
that proposed legislation 10 pro-
provide greater restrictions on
structures in the vicinity OF air
ports will he placed before the
board at its meeting here today. !.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1941-02-27
Business Services

Business Services Offered
SEWING MACHINES-repaired. All
makes. Work guaranteed. Singer
Shop. 81 y. Huron. Phone sew.
MILFORD OsBURN auetioneer
$50 Sweet I'd. Phone l33l-M.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1941-02-27

$50 FOR YOUR OLD WASHER on
brand new Norge Special this
week only, Grlnneil Bros. 40 ".
Michigan
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1941-02-27

CLARk-JEWELL gas range. i.o-
rain oven heat control and broiier
tl6. Better Homes Appliance shop.
20 n WashinRton
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1941-02-27

bate
Adv f-r17
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1941-02-27
Legal Notices
FINAL AUGMENTATION
ACCOUNT

STATE or MICHIGAN. The Pro-
bate Court for the County OF Wash
tenaw
AZ a session OF said court, hold at
the Probate office IN the CITY Of Ann
Arbor. in sad County. on the 18th
day Of February 4. -. 1871
Present Hon. Jay O. Pray. Judge
Of Probate
In the Matter % tAs Estate NJ
Eva Livings. Deceased
r. Edwin Ensign. Administrator 81
said estate having filed In said Court
his final standardization account, and
HIS petition praying FOR the all
loWsnce thereof snd for the assign
ment and distribution 81 the residue
Of said estate
II IL ordered. That the i7th dav 81
March 4 p. 1851 AZ 'en o'clock
In tho forenoon. a. said Probate or
fice he and Is hereby appointed Tor
examining and allowing Fald account
and hearing said petition.
II is Further Ordered, That public
notice thereof he given hy puhlics
ton of a copy Of tails order. for three
successive weeks previous 10 said
day OF hearing. IN the Ypsilanu Daily
Pross newspaper printed and cir
cuiated IN said County
Jaw G. Pray. Judge OF Probate.
4 true COPY.
NORA n. Forger', FeEIster OF Probate.
A.. lana
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1941-02-27
Business Services

Business Services Offered
MOTORS-repairs, rewlnds. Electric
Motor Shop. 10 S. Huron
DON WILSON-moved from I6 E.
Cross ST. to IS z. Cross. Phone
AL
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1941-02-27

A Cleaner Burning
SOFT coal.
sos
Ideal Egg Special
A lower freight rate than on other
Goals OF comparable quality makes
this low price possible. A cleaner
burning soft coal.
Heatmore PocAhontas EGG is25
Phone 42O
WEBB COAL co.
WATK1Ns-withs on. spice. any :
OF extract except Vanilla only
lOc. i0s L Cross. Pr 3li-W
MODEL SIS Ironrlte Ironers. Feb.
ruary special. Formerly tttgs5
now only 1925. Better Homes Ap.
pllance Shop. "a n Washington.
$40 FOR YOUR OLD WASHER on
brand new Norge. Special this
week only. Grlnnell Bros. 40 ".
Michigan
CLARK.JEWELL gas range. f.o-
rain oven heat control and broiier
as. Better Homes Appliance shop.
~ y. Washington.
REPLACE your old door bell with
Electric Chimes. as low as 81.
Moormans. Phone 2.
BICYCLEs-New and used Assert
ment OF used auto tires. Thorne
TIRE. 30a Y. Mich. Phi. 53s,
Business and Office Equipment
TYPEWRITERs- all makes. sold.
tented. repaired. o. d. Morrill,. SI4
s. State ST. Ann Arbor. Phone ss15
Sporting Goods
ICE FISHING equipment Hide
Ups. wier Bros. s. Wash
Miscellaneous
USED PHoNoGRAPH - records.
Your choice 15c each. Family
Radio shoppe. iOi w Michigan.
CONN sAXOPHoNE c. - Trumpet.
pony harness. 9xl2 linoieum rugs
s3.s5 Youngs. 80 e. Cross ST
MTNNOWS for ice fishing. all
sizes, wiggters for blusgills. Ross
Ahleson. 504 Jarvis St
BROODER HOUsE-and equipment
for sale. Call after 300 p. M. 53s
Jefferson.
FOR SALE-Dry kindllng wood and
mixed hay. Milo Ballard. 9le Rail-
road
Wanted To Buy
WANTED-good clean used furni-
tsIre. Private sales anytime. s57
Penniman Ave, Plymouth. Harry
G Robinson. auctioneer.
For Rent Real Estate
Houses
NEW FIVE room house bath,
limerick st, 335. Phone 4i5-J.
Apartments
TWO ROOM furnished apartment
Inquire EOS y. Washington.
TWO ROOM APT-shower. Kitchen.
Murphy bed. adults. Phone 962-J.
7i9 w Cross.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1941-02-27
Merchandise
Household Furnishings

sAFE-used furni-
ture and ice skates for sale or
trade. 20 +. Cross.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1941-02-27
Phone 42O
WEBB COAL co.

WATKINs-withs or. spice, any :
OF extract except vanilla only
l0c i0S L. Cross. Pr. 3li-W.
MODEL SIS Ironrlts Troners Feb.
ruary special. Formerly tttgs5
now only 1925. Better Homes APP
pllance Shop.-3i n Washington.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1941-02-27
Stretch Your Dollar BY Shopping From The [
Employment
Help Wantsd-mals


WANTED two young men 1890.
Good wages. Steady position. See
Mr.. Wick. s TO . p. m. Hotel
Huron. No phone calls.
WOOL SPoTTER steady work.
good pay. Apply Goldman Bros.
Cleaners. 2li S. State. Ann Arbor.
MACHINE PRESSER-steady work.
apply Goldman Bros. Cleaners.
2li S. State. Ann Arbor..
Hslp Wsnteo-femRle
WHITE WOMAN - for general
Homework and care OF two cAild-
rem. stay nights. Week ends off,
lnq 2l06 McGregor Rd.
Situation Wanted-Male
MARRIED MAN desires work on
farm. good mixer Phone 2039-J.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1941-02-27
Farms ana Land
Automotive
Automohlle, Eor SAC
Live Stock and Poultry

For ssle--Livestoek, Poultry
NOTICE FARMERs- Would you
like to secure fine pure bred hogs
without investing cash2 See our
repre- entative at Ann Arbsr. I'M
plement GO. every Monday OF Mon
roe office any day or write Us for
plan. Gifts and boars-ail breeds--
b all vaccinated. Continental Live
stock Co. Monroe.
DEAD or ALIVE
Farm animals collected promptly.
Horses and COWS sunday service.
Highest Market Prices. Phone collect
CENTRAL DEAD STOCK COMPANY
Ann Arbor 2-22ff
sORREL MARE - yrs. weight
1900. Grey horse II yrs, weight
1900. Team, weight $500. Harvey
Guenther. corner Ecorse and Belle
Vile Road
CHEAP team and harness. Inl
Shell Gas Station, Joy Rd. and
Huron Drive. Dexter