davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1941-12-06
Pioneer Authorities Lauded
Fighting Skill of Red Men

allowed him to load and fire from
his horse with perfect ease. he be-
came. at once, 10000 times more for
midable.
The Sioux Is a cavalry soldier from
the time he has intelligence enough
to ride q horse or fire a gun.
Even with their lodges and families.
they can move at the rate Of 50 miles
day"
One Of Crooks staff officers. with
Crooks command in 1876, pronounced
them "the finest light cavalry In the
world" and deplored "our failure 70
incorporate them into the permanent
military system OF the United States.
With 5000 such men, we could
harass and annoy any troops that
might have the audacity to land on our
coasts. and worry them to death"
Testifying on the fighting qualities
Of the Indian, Gen. Charles King. an
experienced Indian campaigner In the
seventies and who later studied vari-
Gus military organizations in Europe.
said: The Indians were always SCI
entific fighters, but when they sue
ceeded in arming themselves with
breech-loaders and magazine rifles, the
Sioux Of the northern plains were foe
men far more to be dreaded than any
European cavalry"
General Sherman, another authority.
stated officially that in active ma
neuvers on the plains the Indians
sagacity and skill far surpassed that
Of the white man.
One Of their chief weaknesses an
peared to be in faulty leadership and
military discipline. Also the Indian
fighting system was a loose one, at
Its best on the plains where only small
numbers were involved and its lack
of unity contributed to Indian failure.
The Indian also lacked any stomach
for advancing into the teeth Of heavy
fire. It wasn't in him TO bull forward
and capture an objective by mere
force Of numbers
Had he possessed the least banker
ing for this type Of fighting he would
have smoked out Forts Reno, Phil
Kearney and Smith, established In
Sioux country to protect the BozemRn
trail, in short order. The numbers Of
men defending these outposts were
meager compared to the Sioux, and
although the Indians gave the forts
plenty of misery, they never put on
any hell-for-leather assaults that
would have overpowered the forts In
short order
Their distaste for storming a post
ton at the risk Of heavy loss was
Illustrated IN the Wagon Box and Hay
field fights, when, In each instance,
4 mere handful of white men stood
off hundreds Of Sioux
But get them into open fighting,
where they could move about and
play tricks Of Workmanship and
craftsmanship and they were supreme.
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1941-12-06

tered the park they did not know OF
the Nee Perce outbreak, and only
learned Of 1t from the scout Of the
Sherman party, who assured them
they we're In no danger as the In
dams would avoid that region. II OBJ
served, however" dryly remarked MRS.
Cowan, that his party preferred be-
ing elsewhere, as they left the basin
that night"
The Cowans could not help being
spprehensive, and with reason. II they
did not encounter the Indians In the
park, they we're likely TO do 50 on
their way home. Mrs. Cowan wrote:
Naturally we felt somewhat depressed
and worried over the news received.
My brother, Frank (Carpenter), and
Al Oldham, In order to enliven us
somewhat, sang songs. told jokes and
finally dressed up as brigands. They
made the woods ring with their nom
sense and merriment for some time.
we probably would not have been so
serene, had we known that the larger
part Of the audience consisted Of the
Indians, who were lurking out In the
darkness, watching and probably en-
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1941-12-06

a pill for Mckenzie to swallow. He
established still at Fort Union and
there manufactured liquor to be used
in the fur traffic.
But this business was given away
by Nathaniel j. Wyeth, who commit
ted what the men of the west consid-
cred a gross act of treachery. Wyeth
stayed for a few days at the fort
on his way back to the states and
was entertained by Mckenzie, who
explained to him the operations of
the still. When he reached civilization
again, Wyeth reported the existence
of the still, and william Clark, Of
the famous Lewis and Clark expedi-
ton, who was still superintendent for
western tribes, was instructed to sup
press the Illicit manufacture The in
cident came close to wrecking the
American Fur Co., which Immediately
ordered the still destroyed.
Fort Union was one Of the most
colorful establishments in western his
tory. Here John James Audubon, the
great ornithologist, passed more than
two months gathering material for
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1941-12-06

the trade with the Indians, only to
succumb to McKenzie's diplomacy and
superior energy. without a charter,
with no governmental grant to shut
the door to competition, the American
Fur Co. yet maintained its supremacy
in the vast region Of the Missouri as
effectively as the Hudson's Bay Co.,
with the strong arm of the British
empire at its back, domineered In
western Canada and the Columbia
river valley.
Business Was Good
To give you an idea Of how fat
the business was, it may be stated
that the value of the st. Louis fur
trade, most Of which passed through
Fort Union after that post was es-
tablished, was valued at 5000, 900 to
100000 annually from 1907 to 1847.
Yet the Indian and free trapper saw
little of this golden flow. Mckenzie,
like all the others, operated on the
theory that these individuals were
born to be gyped. When the govern
ment slammed the door on liquor traf-
fic with the Indians, twas too tough
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1941-12-06

Biitz warfare Is simply Old-time
fighting with 3 new technique.
Its Just = modern version OF the
brand OF battle that was the plains
Indians delight.
The red men didn't have 30-tor
tanks with which 10 crunch the oppo-
sition nor the murderous fire-powel
Of present day artillery. but, skilled to
a high degree in Workmanship, they
possessed a mobility that was the envy
Of their white antagonists. They could
strike and get away and strike again
with battling speed.
Termed by men who fought against
them as the best natural soldiers on
earth, they were also the originators
Of camouflage. Taking a leaf from
natures book, they learned to blend
themselves against the backdrop Of
brown plains that was their habitat
so cleverly that 1t took a practiced
eye to detect their movements.
Captain Benteen, who saved Major
Reno's command on the bluffs over
looking the Little Big Horn, said In
commenting on the defeat Of the
Seventh cavalry. TOO many Indians:
good shots. good riders and the best
fighters the sun ever shone on"
No less an authority than Custer
himself, in the matter Of horseman-
ship alone. gave the palm to the In
dian warriors as the best horsemen
In the world
Surely no race of men, not even
the famous Cossacks, could display
more wonderful skill IN feats of horse
manship than the Indian warrior on
his native plains" said the general.
Mounted on his well-trained pony,
voluntarily running the gauntlet Of
his foes, he Is capable Of assuming
positions ON the pony, the latter at
full speed, which no one but an In
dian could maintain for a single mo-
ment without being thrown to the
ground"
And that hard bitten campaigner,
Gen. George Crook, fresh from a year
of warfare in Dakota and Montana,
a report In 1876 with this
estimate Of the Indian as a fighter:
"Of all the difficulties with which
we have had to contend 1t may be
we'll to remark that, fighting as he
does most Of the time on horseback,
the Sioux Indian was more formidable
armed with the bow and arrow than
when armed with the old-fashioned
muzzle loading rifle But when he
came into possession of the breech-
loader and metallic cartridge which
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1941-12-06

ioying the fun. Such was really the
fact, as they informed us later"
The next morning the party was
surrounded by the Indians, Mrs.
Cowan and her younger sister were
taken prisoners, and some Of the men
we're shot. Cowan, it was believed,
fatally. Later the Indians freed Mrs.
Cowan and her sister, gave them some
old horses TO ride, and after being
importuned by Mrs. Cowan, permitted
Carpenter to go with them, but on
foot. They were told to ride all day,
all night, all day, no Sleep" and they
would reach Bozeman the second day.
The soldiers who we're pursuing the
Indians rescued CowRn and he even
tually recovered from his wounds.
After the government set aside the
upper Yellowstone as q national park,
soldiers were stationed there TO pro-
tect not alone the tourists, but the
park and It's natural inmates and
curiosities. Tourists, left to themselves
and their actions unrestricted. the
wonderful formations around the gey-
sers would have been carried away
piecemeal, and there would have been
no mild tempered bears left alive TO
be fed by the tourists. Through the
wise provision Of the government IN
making wonderland" a playground for
the world, this region continues TO be
wonderland" but has ceased being
the land Of mystery.
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1941-12-06
REFUSED TO BELIEVE ACCOUNTS
OF WONDERLANDs RELATED
BY BRmGER, OTHERS

Every year, In rapidly increasing
numbers, tourists throng into the yell
lowstone national park. Most Of them
come In their own cars, or are whirled
over the regulation routes in the reg
ulation time, IN the company's con-
veyances. But few leave there with
much knowledge Of the history Of the
park.
Less than a century ago, what Is
now the Yellowstone park was an un-
known country to the world at large;
avoided by the Indians, who regarded
1t with superStitious awe, and only
visited by a few trappers who, with
desire to preserve their reputation
for truthfulneSs, refrained from tell
ing what they had seen there.
An instance when one of them de-
parted from this rule, was narrated
by Col Wilbur F. Sanders. Shortly
after the latter arrived at Bannack,
in 1868, he heard French trapper
give a glowing account of a wonderful
region, which he said lay southeast of
Bannack. he gave a graphic descrip-
ton Of the geysers, and he may have
mentioned the Yellowstone canyon. His
eloquence, however, was thrown away
on his unsympathetic auditors, who
received his story with contemptuous
laughter, believing as they did that
the marvellous tale was the product
of a Gallo imagination stimulated by
whisky.
One man who knew Of the geysers
in 1910 and visited them in 1874 was
James Bridger, and he, like the
Frenchman, was thought to be lying
when he told Of what he had seen.
The skepticism with which his earlier
stories met led the noted scout to
indulge later In some gross exagger-
alton.
Captain Bonneville's men had heard
Of the geysers, and some of them had
probably gone into the park. William
S. Bracket states, In an article pub |
lished in the Montana historical rec
ords, that IN an old Mormon news
paper, The Wasp, published at Nauvoo,
Ill, IN 1912 an unknown writer gives |
an account Of the geysers Of Yellow !
stone park. which he visited with one |
Alvarez n 1888.
In 1853, Col Walter DeLacy, when
on a prospecting tour, went into the
upper Yellowstone country, but being /
In search Of gold he paid little at
tention to the geysers. Whether he at |
that time gave q report of what he
had seen is not recorded; but later /.
others did, and a few persons were
found willing to credit these stories
u the land OF mystery, and who felt
mpelled to explore It. There was too
much similar testimony given regard
ng IL for 1t TO be entirely discredited.
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1941-12-06
Search Is Started
For UnknOIUn Glacier

Discovery Of ''glacial milk" in Rock
creek, near Red Lodge, has started q
search for a heretofore unknown gla-
cier in Montana.
The milk" which Is caused by fine
ly ground rock dust brought down by
glaciers, was found In the creek and IA
Rock Greek lake by Ben Greenough, an
observer for the federal geological sur
vey.
Greenough said it had turned the
lake, which ordinarily is crystal clear,
a whitish color.
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1941-12-06

About 900 boats are now fishing In
California waters for Soupfin sharks
that yield a liver oil richer In vitamin
A than codliver oil.
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1941-12-06
FTJLL HOUSE

FULL HOUSE
Mr.. Mccain died suddenly. He leaves
the U. S. navy and Edward at home
Sioux City uowa) Tribune.
The voice of labor. (Cumberland, Md.) 1938-1942, 1941-11-06
Big Tobacco Firms
Found Guilty OF
Monopoly Practice


LEXINGTON, Ky. 49, ZIP -- The
nations three biggest tobacco
companies. one subsidiary and IL
company officials were convicted
October 81 by a U. s district court
jury on charges Of monopoly and
price-fixing in violation OF the
Sherman antitrust law
The verdict ended a 20-week
trial in which there were 100000
words OF testimony. U. S. Judge
II. Church Ford has deferred sem
fencing until Nov Il.
The big three companies are the
American Tobacco Co. Lucky
Strike; the r. J. Reynolds To-
bacco Co. Camels; and the Lig-
gett & Myers Tobacco Co, Ches-
terrified. The ruling also affects
five other tobacco firms which
before the trial started
and agreed to accept "any penal
tics involved II a guilty decision
results"
The conviction indicated
that the jury Thought the
nations tobacco farmers had
been getting too little for
their tobacco ~ q result Of
this conspiracy" commented
Asst. 4. ;. Atty. Gen. Edward
VI. Miller.
II upheld and strictly enforced.
the decision would also mean
lower cigaret prices to the con-
sumner. The big firms have been
doing their best to squeeze out
companies which sell l0c cigarets.
But even IL the decision were sus-
tanned in the U. s. Supreme court.
as was similar ruling against
The voice of labor. (Cumberland, Md.) 1938-1942, 1941-11-06
Name DalrympIe. Payne
To Mediation Board

WASHINGTON r. FP ~ An adj
ditional II men were named to
tho Natl Defense Mediation Board
October % by President Roosevelt.
bringing to 81 the number of per-
sons available for service.
Labor representatives named
we're Pres, s. H Dalrymple. United
Rubber Workers. Go. Vice Pres.
ident Herbert Payne. Textile
Workers Union. Go. George
Googe. southern representative for
the ALL and Vice President Will
liam A. Calvin. Init. Bro. Of Boil
ermakerS & Iron Shipbuilders.
ALL
The voice of labor. (Cumberland, Md.) 1938-1942, 1941-11-06
Clio Elects Group
To Study Defense

WASHINGTON. - The dou-
ble-edged problem Of increasing
defense production to the maxi
mum while keeping defense pri-
critics unemployment TO mini
mum. received thorough study
and discussion ut a conference Of
100 representatives Of Clio I'M
ions.
Called by Pres. Philip Murray.
the union officials devoted a full
day to the problem and then Sc
lccted a committee which is to
report to the meeting Of the cIo
Executive Board in Detroit on
Nov 49,
The speeches Of the CIO Off.
cials brimmcd with facts and OK.
pcriences which bore out CtO crit
icism Of the defense program Ms
voiced during the past two
years i
That lack of economic planning
is hindcring production and I'M
necessarily throwing hundreds Of
thousands of workers out Of their
jobs: q
That full labor representation
in the policy-setting councils Of
the government is essential TO
Strengthening out the present cha
otto condition Of the program: 3
That adoption OF the Murray
Industry Council Plan il sorely
needed II production is to reach
the high level necessary for the
nations welfare.
The voice of labor. (Cumberland, Md.) 1938-1942, 1941-11-06
FDR Hits Accidents
WASHINGTON

WASHINGTON - FTP The
staggering wastage Of effective
manpowcr due to industrial acci-
dents seriously slows up plcnt
output today when quick delivery
of equipment and supplies is so
vitality essential to our security"
Pres. Roosevelt wrote Secretary
of Labor Frances Perkins.
The voice of labor. (Cumberland, Md.) 1938-1942, 1941-11-06
VOICE of the PEOPLE
SAYS LEWIS SHOULD
NOT HAVE CALLED STRIFE
Editor Voice OF Labor.

Editor: Voice OF Labor:
We hear much these days Of
free speech and OF America being
the land Of the free and the home
OF the brave / wonder II some
people really know what it means
don't think tina, IL means pco-
pie should stand around on the
street corners and talk and bite
the hard tina, Is feeding them.
Nor do | think that It means for
a man to call strikes at will be-
cause It Is N The palm OF his hand
think that the two greatest
mistakes Lewis ever made was
when he took his stand against
Roosevelt in he last election and
resigned the presidency Of the
Go When Lewis called the
strike Of the captive coal Eiincs
Just to establish the Union Shop.
don't think that any man has
any business calling a strike that
will tie up industries that are so
vital to our national defense and
to tie the hands OF the man who
is trying so hard to save our
country. our home. and our fam
lilies and everything that we hold
dear.
believe that Roosevelt is
God sent man. believe that God
sent him tn save America and I
don't believe that any man has
any right TO hinder him in his cf-
forts. Another thing believe
that God made every man and
ever. woman q free moral agent.
He doesn't force any person TO
accept Religion and don't be.
lieve that any man has any right
to joni something he doesn't want
to. | have always said that I'm
ionism is like the religion Of
Jesus Christ. II a man doesn't
have it at heart 1t is no good. II
is the same with compelling
man to join union as with COM
pelling man to join a church.
He may he compelled TO join. but
that doesn't make him union
man.
Another thing we hear so much
about is that there is nothing won
without sacrifice. Well. young
men who are drafted into the
army may be called TO make the
supreme sacrifice. Some men have
left fifty thousand dollars year
to 20 into the army Does any
one think it is too much to sacri-
flee the union shop at this time
in order to help the wheels OF
industry moving to save our
country. II there ever was a time
for unity it is now.
IKE the spirit OF Wendell
Wilkie when he said lets get be-
hind our Commander in Chief one
hundred per cent. That is what
| say. Let us lay aside our isms
and stand behind our beloved
President, a united people. one
hundred per cent and see that
the wheels Of industry that are
so vital to our national defense
move at any cost and at whatever
sacrifice on our part that our
country and our homes. and our
freedom and all we hold dear may
be saved from the iron heel Of
some dictator. May God bless our
beloved America. the land we hold
so dear May God bless our dear
president, Franklin Delano Roose-
welt.
REV. JOHN A. METZ.
The voice of labor. (Cumberland, Md.) 1938-1942, 1941-11-06

PHILADELPHIA Up A
1887 state Law banning strike
breaking agencies, enacted under
the Earle administration, was
invoked for the first time when
Walter samuels was held In $500
bond for inducing men to work in
a struck paint plant.
The voice of labor. (Cumberland, Md.) 1938-1942, 1941-11-06
the American Tobacco Co. in
1911. the companies would prob
ably find some way TO dodge.

BUFFALO. n. Y. - FP - Dist.
80. United Mine Workers. Go.
defeated Magnesium Craft Local
/. a company union. by 557 to 100
in an NLRB election at the plant
Of the American Magnesium Corp.
The voice of labor. (Cumberland, Md.) 1938-1942, 1941-11-06
RGES DEFEAT
or FAS(1STS
Cumberland Md.

Cumberland, Md.
Editor. yoirc NJ Labor.
r.. ..,.,, -, Ill.
'''S - ''' ' y '''''' ''"''s
Toll OF inc people VINO dare 10
oppose Hltlcrs barbarous policy.
Let us 20 back a few years and
eI,r,o ~ cycr, i,,d,,, y, 90
,
' = 'e' "
rteh'h '''" Spahls' people
through the forces of q United
Front established a democracy
t,rdcr their rc.,...,,. covc-,.
mont. ,raic ,,,,p. oour,sncd
,rJ worker. ,,r,. ,,i,r,rc con.
....,,, throues tb..r ,oii,i,,i
,-r,,~,es Thou oo ,f , ,.lc,- ssy
,r,o revolution h, r,,. ,,o,,,,cs
s,,;, v,s t,., ,.,,d.- 81,
t,r,r,o., ttcsti,o. ,,,ors ,.,a .,,o.
,o ,os, d.v,, r,,,.i,.. !, M
vorli Tho liberty ,o,,rc As,,,i,rc
minor. rIitlor .,d N,ssoi,,,
enc. 40 such j, s,,.,.,o,. - ii
d,crs ,eIl ro,,,,,cd - ..S
n redden tho soil y sr,;r w;,h
tho righteous blood ~ P.,uhl,.,,
Snair
Tbcv say this was r.i,o;ous
var Tben hcave, ,-o,sc, ~. go,
such christians AZ F-,,co u,,l.-
ard Mussoliri Those .svagcs .,
n,ode-, ,,rox corld re.or h,ro
beor successnh - u h,d,,., =,
been for tho Blums ard C.hor,bor.
lairs be,ravinr democracy ,,dc-
false issues namely relig,o, ,,d
communism one Cur,berI,,a 10
nor namely ,se E,ve,i,, T;r,o.
thinks skunk Franco i Goo,
man yes He il ,or h,,cha.;.r
Tho Czecbs wcre ho,rayod ~,
the great Cliyedo, 60, WITH ,ho
Umbrella Man Cbamhe-I,,r ,o.a-
inc this pack Of paras,,ic vo,yo.
Then reae,io, arose all ovo- Tho
world Russi, bccarc ,bo o,,.cL
of all r,,iors No ma,,o- -,
Russia doe. j, 10 .Iways oons;d.
cred wrong pus.ia s,onnod CO.
many time and time again ,akirg
~, ~ avoid wa- - ,o.s,h,a
Who, lapob wo worLora ha.o
,bop, that Fascis, s,a,o caIiod
F;n,ard Todav sho sno,,s ~.
,-ue co,ors Gcb,i,r On ,ho s;do
NJ Corn,anv Norway ho,nod E,.
iard t,r,ad states E,aiana ga
France also Todav sha s,a,do-.
,or o-s,wbilo al,;os VIA. oaa 49,,
cxnoc, 80 = country u,,s ,ha IA
-,g,r,s friend yar,orno,r, =, &C.
bclm
W. road ahou, E,,,,,,d.s oo,r
ace What about Pnssi. rsb,;rr
- ,,.,olo M; t...a... - -
COURAGE "a bur, ,boy 60, VS.,
,-o zoo doing poor,o :. ao.s,'a-
cd nations af,or bo,,r ho,sa,.oa
arc creating n, ,,,,or fror. 80,
I;lo- rngiara ..;u -. -
re.sors !, office o,d vo,,,a ~,
ON, "a Hi,lcr i ,ossih,o 49,.
,hat.s tho rcaso, ~ No wos.or.
From, Page Lord ual;tax
Labor mus, ro,,or,hor an 49,.
onpose Hitler and his sa,o,,;.a.
Nfussv and Franco a-o oa,Ioa
The voice of labor. (Cumberland, Md.) 1938-1942, 1941-11-06

LOS ANGELES - FTP - Cali
fornia's rich walnut industry.
which has long exploited its
workers. Is heading for reform.
The United cannery Agricultural
The voice of labor. (Cumberland, Md.) 1938-1942, 1941-11-06

Packing & Allied Workers. CLIO.
has just signed n contract with
the Walnut Growers Assn. pro-
viding a 25 per cent raise for 49,
900 workers.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-12-19
State Workers
Will Get Tests

LANSING, Dec. 19.-Civil serv-
ice tests will be given TO the
states 200 unclaSsified employees
at once as a result of supreme
court action, Director Thomas j.
Wilson said. today.
The court modified the tempo
rary injunction issued by Circuit
Judge Clyde Y. Webster to allow
the commission 10 continue its eX-
animation program, but restrained
the commission from firing any
Of the 200.
Action was begun by a group Of
Detroit sales tax employees who
contend the commission must
either blanket in all employees
with flying examinations, OF
give all employees competitive
tests.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-12-19

on duty in the Atlantic and Pacific
and 10 the men stationed in and
around Detroit.
YOU STILL HAVE TIME
If you haven't already packed a
box but can do so today, then take
il 10 Convention Hall or Ito The
Detroit Times office at Times
Square 1t will still be in time.
But, If you are unable 10 get
box ready today, you can still join
in the campaign by sending in a
contribution addressed 10 Ben
Young, treasurer, at this office.
Just fill in the blank printed in
this edition of The Detroit Times
include your contribution, and
send it in. With your money, sup
plies for laSt-minute boxes will be
bought and the boxes will be
packed by the volunteer workers
at Convention Hall.
So there is still time 10 do your
share in giving the men who are
serving you a Merry Christmas
indeed.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-12-19

Dottie Cook, Detroit dancer from
the National Theater; Bob Neller
and his dummy Reginald ]. Trick
puss," from the Club Royale; the
Salute TO America dance revue
OF the Elaine Arndt dancing school
and many others.
The Frances WadsWorth dancers
will present several ensemble num-
beers and with them will be Marie