davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-11-13

-Astrologist. wishes TO see
632s Michigan tupstairs) 4.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-11-13
Houses for Sale

CALIFORNIA. 24s. II P.-7 rooms bright
and airy Large lot. garage, 50. 500,
$500 BEtTMANN. LIE 254e,
DEARBORN small home large rooms.
Near Veterans Hospital Warm and
cory. Total price, $3.50 AIS Pelham rd.
DEP ENsE Houses--Unfnished = acre
wiring. plumbing i4-Mile East ROch-
ester road. steveas, Royal Oak s7Is.
DALE-IFine s-room home new fur.
mace Tand roof close % Woodward and
school In desirable ueiEsborhood; - $50.
$500 down. FL. 62s7. Lincoln 2-l270.
HUNTINGTON WOODS
Beautiful Groom brick colonial almost
reR SIS month o. X Realty. 2B42Q
Woodward Fsrndale Elmhurst sii4
Royal Oak 1855.
PLArNVIEW near Warren--S2 600 D
room. furnace. garage Real bargain
} Lafayette 67sl,
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-11-13
aAhN REAL ESTATE CORNER Gd}4AD
s&e5@A FOR RENT For SALE 9aE99iA
MCLEAN Near JOHN r.

MCLEAN Near JOHN r.
Brick veneer. 4 bedrooms. sunroom, sleep
ing porch; 2-car garage. Call ]. Philpot:
CA. 032l or TO. 7-l922.
HOMER WARREN & CO.
block off Gratiot; water. gas and cleo
| trio; needs some finishing; $2,5e5. with
$500 down.
IRWIN. KIGHT HINES. INC:
30i2i Gratiot at i2l1 Mile Road.
SMALL home with lots. Price $3.50
Fielder. 1904 Telegraph Road, near Van
WOODLAND $3.50 down: modern 6-room:
hot air S34 monthly. Townsend 1886.
4-RooM house and u acre on Allen road
Price Si.350: 5000 down. Fielder. 1904
Telegraph Road, near vsnborn.
BROOM house, bedrooms. steam heat /;
Many others See our Lists and pictures
ELsEA REALTY AND INVESTMENT CO.
e2l7 Fort w. vi. i-i400
coLoRED. 2oes-TwENTY- THIRD: five
ss'h no NEWLY oss reeOpdittGnsd
Lafayette O7Oo.
CoLoRED--Meirose, near East Grand
boulevard: apartment type; income $50
monthly; large equity. Trinity 2-S262 after
IA p. m.
CoLORED-Oa oakland Belmont; single. eight
rooms, not air, garage. redecorateo,
$3.50 down, $50 month. Townsend s-s358
lCoLoRED PROPERTY bought, sold, man
aged. Rentals. EXPERT SERVICE.
DOUGLAS Realty. Terrace 2-e277.
tcoLoRED sPECIALs-single, 81, 800 up;
2-family, 50. 500 up. Apartments. Temple
2-6623.
coLoRED-HoMEs. all prices; easy terms
smedley. 446 East Warren. TIE. 1892.
CoLoRED-st Aubin- Milwaukee; 2 rms,
recond.; 1926 DOWN slobin. co. 5000.
COLoRED-Hurry; only a few houses left :
| 81 800 up. Crutcher, TY. 5-5366.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-11-13
Resorts for Sale

KtHGsViLLE. ONTARIO Modern 4-roon
cottaEe remodeied. new furniture cash
sscriGte or trade for Detroit properly
Call week days, Cneffy $3.50. Roy.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-11-13
Lumber, Building Materials
Wearing Apparel

HUNTERS clothes or truck drivers outnt
heavy red and black striped mackinaw,
pants to match: long laced shoes, shirts.
sell. Lenox s20S.
LITTLE FUR SHoP-77ls woodward; ex.
pert fur restyling, repairing; reasonable.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-11-13

SMALL home with lots. Price $3.50
Fielder. 1904 Telegraph Road, near Van
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-11-13
Income Bungalows for Rent

lNCoME-U Upstairs. 5 rooms. redecorated.
iarge porch, garage. heated refrigera.
ton; Florence Indiana; $3.50. Townsend
6-30s7.
Evening star., 1941-12-15
CuddIe TOYS

A wide assortment of Dogs. Bears,
Elephants, Squirrels, Donkeys ana
others in delightful colors and various
sizes. All have big, rolling eyes and
wear bright bows around their necks.
Evening star., 1941-12-15

A sturdy metal toy that can
pull quite a load as it lum-
bers along climbing over OBJ
stacles. It's Q inches long
and has rubber treads.
Evening star., 1941-12-15

Streamlired New York
Central train with heavy,
black locomotive, tender,
coal car and caboose. Has
8 curved and 2 pieces Of
straight track that form a
large oval.
Evening star., 1941-12-15

A sturdy, steel toy, 141s
inches long, painted in Army
colors. Wind it up, and as
it speeds along, the driver
shoots bright (but harmless)
sparks from his machine gun.
Imperial Valley press., 1941-01-22

McManus by James H. JORDAN, RlV-
erside broker, representing c. A.
Moss. who authorized Miss Nc
Manus to change them into refund
ing bonds.
At the same time, Jordan, who
has been a leading figure in litlga-
ton against the district refunding
program as we'll as in other dis
tricts, indicated that in the event
of favorable final approval from
Judge Ralph E. Jenney, before
whom the district case now rests,
he will advise all other bondholders
he represents not to appeal.
Il have already told Cook (At-
torney W. Cobufn Cook not to
appeal - Miss McManus quoted
him as remarking.
Wednesdays delivery cuts down to
SS4l, 600 the amount of old bonds
which have not been presented for
exchange. Many of these, however,
do not represent disSenters to the
refinancing plan but have been
lost or their owners have been neg
ligent in presentation.
The Moss bloc, however, was one
involved in lengthy litigation
against the district and its ex-
Continued on Page 8. col. 81
Imperial Valley press., 1941-01-22
Mardi Gras Dance
Proceeds 10 Swell
Greek Relief Fund

A change in the plans for the
Mardi Gras ball, designed to bring
recognition TO Imperial Valley pre-
duce men, was announced Wednes-
day by Mrs. Sid Justnan, committee
member.
The proceeds from the dance will
go toward Greek war relief funds,
said.
The dinner dance will be held
Feb. at the Barbara Worthy hotel
Tickets are already on sale and
plans were made TO stamp them
with For Greek War Relief.
Committee members included Mrs
Justman, Chairman Mark Magee
Steve Harris, Wayne Elvander, Wal
ter Havekorst, Charles Freedman
John Donohue and Robert Hays
chamber OF commerce secretary.
Imperial Valley press., 1941-01-22
Paralysis Claims
First Victim in
Two Years Here

Infantile paralysis, the first in
Imperial county since it claimed
four lives two years ago, caused
the death of Paul Blehm. "a. EN-
ploye of an eastside Ell Centro
plant, Dr. Warren r. Fox. county
health officer, said Wednesday.
Blehm. who had been in FL Gen.
tro from northern California for
six weeks, died in the county hos
pital late Tuesday. He became Ill
Friday noon, worked Saturday. and
did not consult a physician until
Sunday. He had the bulbar type
of paralysis, the same which caused
the four deaths, Fox said.
The only immediate contacts were
Blehm's wife and year old SON.
His parents. Mr.. and Mrs. William
Blehm, arrived too late to see him.
1t was expected the family would
take the body to Acampo, near
Lodi, for burial.
Fox said for parents not to
spray their children's throats, to
GO about their business and pleasure
as usual. and to forget all about the
case as there were no indications
of an epidemic.
Imperial Valley press., 1941-01-22
McReyno|ds Quits
US. Supreme Court
After II Years
Roosevelt Will Name
Successor; Gets Most
Justices SINCE Taft

WASHINGTON, Jan. q.
(UP)-Associate j u e
James G. McReynolds of the
supreme court, one of the
few remaining members OF
the so-called conservative group on
the high bench, advised President
Roosevelt today that he intends to
retire or Feb l..
This will give Mr. Roosevelt op-
portunity TO appoint his sixth JUS
tice On the nine-man court.
McReynolds advised the president
in a letter dated today, that he in
tended to avail himself of the rights
granted under the law passed in
1897 permitting supreme court JUS
tices to retire at full pay of $4,000
when they reached the age of 10.
McReynolds will be 79 on Feb. 3.
The justice, who voted against
many New Deal laws, pointed out
to the president that he had served
on the high bench continuously
since 1914
The president replied in a letter,
congIatulating the justice on his
long service and wishing him many
years OF health and happiness"
The new vacancy gives Mr.. RooSe-
welt the chance to place more JUS
Continued on Page 8, Col. ~
Imperial Valley press., 1941-01-22
Rewes Unopposed
AS Lists Close in
District Campaign
Hot Fight Scheduled in
Calipatria, Holtville
Division Feb. 5th

For one of the few times III
the stormy history of lmpe-
rial Irrigation district poll
tics. a candidate will be un-
opposed Feb. 5 when three
directors will be named.
Unopposed in the Calexico divi-
sion was Evan T. HeWes, present
board chairman. who will be start
ing his third consecutive term in
February.
Hewes first ran for office on the
district board in 1888 when he de-
feated John l.. Dubois, the incum-
bent, 662 to TAI. AT that same cleo
ton, Mark Rose was an easy WIN
ner over j. r. Snyder in the Holt
vile division and w. E. Young
defeated the northend incumbent,
w O. Blair.
HeWes' second time up for cleo
ton was an easier contest for him.
He defeated S. T. Tyler by a score
of nearly two to one. At the same
time, Young was returned to the
board by a comfortable margin
over w. V. Cohee. Charles Morrow,
Continued on Page 8, Col. 81
Imperial Valley press., 1941-01-22

y
Italian East Africa extremely i'm
portant."
The prime minister's statement
was made to the House of Commons
as unconfirmed diplomatic reports
from Budapest asserted that the
Rumanian outbreak is still in prog
ress despite reports that Gen. Ion
Antonescu has regained control OF
the situation. The Budapest reports
estimated casualties in three-way
fighting between the Rumanian ar
my, Iron Guard and German troops
at 1000.
An unofficial report by the Aus
tralian War Minister P. c. Spender
claimed that Tobruk had already
fallen. However, today's official
communique of British Middle East
general headquarters merely said
that today's operations are proceed
ing satisfactorily after advance
troops pushed to within three miles
Of Tobruk Tuesday night.
The Middle East communique
said Tobruk's defenses had been
penetrated to a depth of eight miles
and there was no indication the
Fascist garrison estimated at 10000
men could long hold out.
Cairo headquarters reported Ital-
ians in East Africa had now with
drawn 40 miles inside the Eritrean
frontier with British troops from
Kassala still in pursuit
Churchill indicated important de-
| ~ D,,;%
ish attack upon Erltrea and against
Ethiopia from the Kenya border
could be expected.
Britain's fight in the next few
months, Churchill indicated, will
be on the home front-concentrat-
ing on the building of ships, the in
crease of food production and the
stepping up of industrial production
to supply the war effort.
He admitted Britain faced a
stringency in manpower because, as
he said, for the first time Britain'S
industrial and military apparatus
had reached the size where in
creasing numbers of men and wom-
en- were needed to run it.
Home Minister Herbert Morrison
said the Communist newspaper, the
Daily Worker, had been suppressed
because of a deliberate campaign
to undermine democratic, cOnStitu-
tional government in Britain in
hopes of substituting a Communist
regime.
Athens reported a smashing Brit
ish air attack on the important
Albanian base of Elbasan and said
that Greek troops had successfully
resisted repeated Italian counter
attacks in the Klisura sector.
U. S. Ambassador William Phil
lips called on Italian Foreign Min
ister Count Galeazzo Ciano, for
the second time since his return to
Rome week ago.
Tobruk's garrison of an estimat-
eded 10000 Italians was expected to
boost Marshal Rodolfo Graziani'S
losses since the start of the British
offensive to 100000.
Imperial Valley press., 1941-01-22
kcNaly WIN Fight
britisIl-Aid Bill
In Present Form
Powers for President
Too Broad, Declares
Republican Leader

WASHINGTON, Jan. %.
(UP)-S ena e Republican
Leader Charles l.. McNary
said today he will oppose the
British aid bill in it's present
form, because lit grants extraordi-
nary and total power to one person"
President Roosevelt.
McNary, back in the capital for
the first time since Oct. 26 when
he departed on his last campaign
trip as Republican vice presidential
nominee, charged that the bill lis
not the democratic way of life."
His views on the bill had been
awaited with considerable inter-
est because of his position as leader
of the minority, although the fight
over this bill has cut across party
lines.
McNary told reporters, that he ia
vors aid to Great Britain short of
war, but he believed that at the
very least, time and money limita-
tions should be written into the
bill.
Il earnestly hope that the bill
may be modified by appropriate
committees or after debate in the
congress-" McNary said
During the fall months the pres
ident was advocating aid to Great
Britain short of war That policy
became a national anthem. There
was unity of thought. I favor that
plan and shall support earnestly
an all-out policy of aid to the de-
mocracies by every method short
Continued on Page 8. Col. ~
Imperial Valley press., 1941-01-22
Rehearsal Slated
For CayaIcade at
CaIexico School

CALEXICO, Jan. 22.-First re-
hearsal for the Cavalcade of I'M
perial Valley was scheduled at
Hoffman school Thursday nj G h t
with actors in Act 2 called to report
to Miss Ethel Castanian, director of
that section of the big show.
Other acts were scheduled to GO
into rehearsal in quick succession
On Friday the cast of Act will
meet at the Chronicle office to re-
hearse with Mrs. Oscar Keller and
Amy Chavez, directors. Act 2
is known as the covered wagon Sc
quence and Act l as the De ANA
sequence.
Fred Eady Tuesday began work on
the enlargement of the amphithea-
ter SO the capacity will be doubled
for the 194l performance. He will
erect an embankment 300 feet long,
seven feet high, and % feet wide
for the bleachers.
The city council Tuesday night
authorized an encampment of Yuma
Indians in the city park so they
may display their handiwork. Also
they sanctioned erection of small
corral on vacant lots so horses
may be kept there during the pag-
cant days.
Fourteen highway signs between
Ell Centre and Indio and El Centro
and the mountains were erected to
advertise the cavalcade and the
Mexicali mardi gras which will begin
at the close OF. the cavaleade.
Imperial Valley press., 1941-01-22

reSenting only Imperial county.
2. Be severed from San Diego
county and joined to Orange and
Riverside counties in u. S. con-
gressional district.
3. Be joined with San Bernardo
no and Riverside counties in a con-
gressional district with Orange coun-
ty forming a district of It's own
or joined to part of Los Angeles
for purposes of congressional cleo
tions.
The situation had as many pos
SibilitieS for horse trading as an
old fashioned county fair. Reliable
reports brought back from Sacra-
mento pictured seething activity
there among lawmakers determined
to get the best possible deals for
their respective constituents. In the
midst of the tangle were Imperial
county's two neophyte representa-
tives, Senator George Luckey and
Assemblyman Harvey Hastain. Both
are serving their first terms.
At home, opinion had not crys-
tallized. A symposium of county
seat business and professional men
and public officials revealed that
there exists no Well-defined idea
of what the countys residents want
in the way of reapportioned repre-
sentation-except that without ex-
ception all insisted upon having
this county maintained as separ-
ate state assembly district.
The move to consolidate Impe-
rial county with San Diego county
for the purpose of electing an as
semblyman was represented in one
bill already introduced in the legis-
lature. Other bills entered there
proposed: Ito make San Diego
separate district for election OF
a representative TO congress, and
consolidate Imperial, Orange and
Riverside counties in another con-
greSsional district; and, Ito con-
Continued on Page 8, Col -
Imperial Valley press., 1941-01-22
Showers Forecast
Here Thursday

Occasional widely scattered show
ers were forecast for Imperial VAL
ley Wednesday night and Thurs
day with decreasing cloudiness, ac-
cording to Weatherman Woodrow
g. Jacobs.
A storm area, located west of the
Oregon coast, brought light rain
to coastal areas of southern Cali
fornia Wednesday morning Jacobs
said and resulted in light pre-
pitation in the valley. The storm
area is too far north to cause gen.
eral rain in the valley.
Rain fell in FL Centre early
Wednesday morning but rainfall
was not reported in any other
valley city.
Imperial Valley press., 1941-01-22

Ware said. There were other tools
which have not been identified
Their trustie days are over"
Ware said. Hereafter they will be
kept in cells in spite of their ability
as carpenters and painters, good on
odd jobs on county property"
Snyder and Terrence have been
Jailed countless times for being
drunk and disorderly, so many times
it is a standing joke that they are
running a race to see who can be
jailed the greatest number of times.
1t was Inman who refreshed him.
self one time by drinking alcohol
from the county health laboratory.
:. picking alcohol used for speci-
mems.
Ell Centre housewives were said
to value the gardening ability of
the two Jail veterans and often
plead for their release from Jail.
Imperial Valley press., 1941-01-22
Car Hits Trailer, Careens Into Big
Lettuce Truck on ho|tvi||e Highway;
Vehicles Left Mass Of Wreckaqe

Earl Arval Beck, vegetable Ia
borer of Holtville, was recovering
Wednesday from injuries suffered
in a traffic accident which re-
duced a lettuce truck and car
to mass of tangled wreckage and
spilled their motors to the pave
ment
His car between Ell Centro and
Holtville late Tuesday ran into the
back of trailer attached to a car
driven by Walter Ernest Scheide of
Winterhaven and careened directly
into the path of a lettuce truck
driven by Earl T. Jones of Ell Centre
The force of the impact ripped
the motors from the truck and the
Beck car and spilled them to the
pavement. The frame of the truck
was bent into fantastic shape as
it came to rest bottomside up on
the highway. The car was ex-
pected to be sold for junk, Highway
Imperial Valley press., 1941-01-22

were re-Jalled lor crimes commit
ted while they were prisoners.
Soon after the two veterans of
life in the county Jail were released
at the close of sentences imposed
for being drunk, court house and
jail attaches started missing tools
and equipment Since Snyder and
Inman had worked in both build
ings and had been out of Jail but
a few weeks suspicion hovered
around their graying heads.
Snyder had financed himself by
selling a pair of county Jail blan-
kets and a garden rake stolen from
the Womens Ten Thousand club
where he was employed as gard
ener when out of jail. Inman had
stolen an expensive level from the
basement of the court house and
a collection of assorted tools. Some
of the tools had been sold and
some had not, Sheriff Robert w.
Imperial Valley press., 1941-01-22
Lettuce Shipments
Total 1874 Cars

Lettuce shipments from the I'm
perial Valley Tuesday totalled 194
cars, according to report by
the Federal-State market news serv-
ice.
The market was reported strong.
demand exceeding supply Straight
As brought $l.70 to $500, rise of
25 cents. Fives brought $l5O to
Sl.6O.
Imperial Valley press., 1941-01-22

Patrolman Tillman Daley said
Scheides car was unchanged and
the tu(iaer it pulled was only
slightly damaged.
None of the other drivers o.
passengers in the three vehicles
was injured Daley said, and Beck's
injuries were not believed to be
critical.
Imperial Valley press., 1941-01-22

BILE. Vowel ID. Jackson. Rogers l..
Benoit, Vernon r. Hutchinson. u.
J. Head. Harry r. Freeman, Rhca
w Riddle, N. v. Ridge, Paul Gau
Chow, Lloyd r. Rice, Manuel Rodri-
guez, Fidel Nunez. Joe Arias. Jose
Valdiva. Daniel Sheldon. Thomas
]. Meier. Pedro Duran. Ernest L.
Atterberry. Norman +. DslrympIs.
Frank Monreal. Victor NJ. Aranda.
Cecil w. Waters. Thomas T. Martin.
Imperial Valley press., 1941-01-22
Valley Problems
Subject Of Panel

CALIPATRIA, Jan. GA five
man panel at the Associated cham
bers of commerce meeting here
Friday night will conduct an open
forum on drainage and other irri-
cation district problems.
Paul Jenkins, Evan T. Hewes,
K. K. Sharp. William c. Wilkinson
and Paul Cook will be on the panel.
Imperial Valley press., 1941-01-22
Rabid Dog Placed
In Pound Here

A dog showing indications of
rabies was placed under observa-
ton Wednesday by Pound Master
Harold SchWeitzer of El Centro.
MIS-. Jessie Jaques, owner of
the mongrel, lived at 228 Olive
avenue. Schweitzer said the ami
NAL had been penned up since the
quarantine went into effect last
week.
Imperial Valley press., 1941-01-22

The northend group will follow
a group of 81 that left El Centre
Tuesday morning for a year of
military training.
The list: Augustin Esparza, James
Barker, Billy A. Martinez, Fred Nc
Kinney, Robert Lee Moore, tthese
were transferred from other dis
tricts), James Vinsant, Vernon Wat
kins, Melvin Michel. De Lois Scheu-
er, jess l.. Rainbolt, Fred T. Miyata,
Thane S. Bertrand, Lewis w. Trim
Imperial Valley press., 1941-01-22
No More Trust,
No More Liberty

For 40 days and 40 nights AL Snyder CO. and Terrence
Inman, 56, will sadly lament because they were thrown
into Jail for the first time in history for something besides
being drunk and forgot that jail TRUSTEES must be trust
worthy Unique in the annals of crime Snyder and
Imperial Valley press., 1941-01-22
Dissenting Bonds
Come Into Fold
Riverside Broker. Long Term Opponent
OfRefundins, Announces He'll Advise
Clients Not to Appeal Judgment

First signs of surrender noted in the ranks OF dis
senting bondholders of the Imperial Irrigation dstrc
Wednesday when block of $4,000 old bonds turned
over to the district treasurer for exchange into refundn
securities The bonds delivered to Treasurer Ann;
Imperial Valley press., 1941-01-22
35 North EnderS
Report i'm Draft

Thirtyfive ordered to report at Thurs
day for induction into the armed forces through the north
end Seective Service board
The will leave Brawley by bus at 10 13 am. for
Los Angeles arriving at $50 They will be re-examined
Imperial Valley press., 1941-01-22
Tobruk Collapse
Seem: Rumdnidn
Revolt Continues
Unofficial Report Cites Fall Of Big
Fascist Base in Libya; Official
Announcement Awaited Ar Any Time
BY UNITED PRESS

Prime Minister Winston Churchill said Wednesday that
40000OO armed, uniformed defend Brtains shores
against INVASION ntimated that official announcement
the fall of Tobruk may be expected any moment
Imperial Valley press., 1941-01-22
. AMsl|Ne
AAep0RTER

More MoOres-
A plantive plea was in the mail
Wednesday. 1t was addressed TO
the circulation department and
signed Len
There are four companies here,
each with it's own mail service and
its own Mr.. Moore. Please change
my address to P. L. Moore. Com
pany d, Randolph Field, Texas. y
Imperial Valley press., 1941-01-22
Redpportionment losses
Imperial Co. i'm Midst
Of legislative MIDDLE
Conflicting Proposals Face Lawmakers
Attempting to Redistric+ State in
Line with Population; Trades Seen

Imperial countys future legislative status was
certain Wednesday the weather.
Depending upon the whim of the state Legislature a
Sacramento, the county might:
l. Lose its right to separate state assemblyman REP
Imperial Valley press., 1941-01-22

Don't Kill a Pal
We're going to have chicken foF
dinner!" Mrs Matte Abel an
nounced to her chef, Joe johnson.
i've been feeding those chickens
in the yard long enough!'
Dutifully Joe went out and caught
a couple and carried them inside.
mol" Mrs. Abel screamed. mot
those. They are Helen and Mabel
and l couldn't bear to part with
them
Joe released the insulted fowls
and captured two more.
"Oh, I couldn't bear to see you
kill these, either" Mrs. Abel said
That's Nancy and Sue"
BY this time Joe was a bit pro-
voked but he traipsed back again
and shared two more. When these
turned out to be Echobelle and
Lulu he gave up.
Joe finally had to go down to
the market and buy a couple.
Imperial Valley press., 1941-01-22

Leo and Fenny--
We didn't know until Wednesday
that Penny Richmond had grown
up in such distinguished company
Leo Garlic, en- route to Tucson
for few days, dropped in for a
chat with his school boy friend and
they snapped stories about the
days when they used to swim to-
gether and play hockey at Santa
Monica.
Leo, incidentally. expressed his
regret at having to cancel at the
last minute his scheduled visit to
the valley when the All American
canal celebration was held and re-
iterated that he was always ready
to join in any public valley function
whenever at liberty.