davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1941-01-31
Pioneer Press &
Dispatch Open
New Structure

Three hundred leaders in the life
of st. Paul and the Northwest
gathered last Friday by invitation
to hear the dedication ceremonies
of the new home of the st. Paul
Dispatch and Pioneer Press.
Stephen Early, secretary to Pres
ident Roosevelt, delivered the prin-
cipal address.
Other speakers were William F.
Johns, Russell Virgins, Walter
Seeger, Herman Ridder, assistant
general manager, and Bernard H.
Ridder, publisher, and others.
Senator Charles Orr praised the
paper and its management and
Mayor John J. McDonough spoke
in behalf of the city.
Among those present was the
publisher of the st. Paul Recorder,
the Negro weekly newspaper.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1941-01-31

According to information re-
ceived from j. W. Pate, national
deputy grand master, and who
heads the state department, repre-
sentatives from Corinthian Temple
of st. Paul, Queen Esther Temple
and Minnetonka Lodge of Mime
apolis met at the home of Mrs.
Naomi Thomas, 7S5 st. Anthony,
Wednesday, Jan. %. ....
Plans were discussed for the Ma
tional Grand Lodge which is to
convene in the Twin Cities in July
of this year. Special committees
to handle housing, entertainment
and other problems will be named
in the near future.
New Units Being Organized
There is under way an organi-
cation of a new lodge in Mime
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1941-01-31
Hemingway's
BELL Tolls" to
Be Reviewed

Meridel lie Sueur will review
Ernest Hemingway's "For Whom
the Bells TOLL" Thursday, Feb. 6,
at Halle Q. Brown House at 8
p. m. Members of the House class
in creative writing who extend the
public an invitation to hear Miss
lie Sueur, are Mines. Leora Blair,
Carrie McWatt, Harriet Hall, Dor
othy Compton, Matte Cough, Mar
gle Hopkins, Mildred Williams and
the Misses Dorothy Schuck, Mar
tina McWatt, Katherine Hopkins,
Messrs. K. w. Mackey, Paul Crane,
S. Ed Hall, Henry Johnson and
Chester Russell.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1941-01-31
NEW PHONE NUMBER
Phyllis Wheatley Community
Houses new phone number is
Cherry 1864.
Father GilGgan
Advocates LabOr's
Right to Organize

A large audience heard Father
Francis Gilligan, of the st. Paul
Seminary, at the Halle Q. Brown
Forum, Sunday, January rs. Intro
duced by Maceo Littlejohn, General
Chairman of Local SIC, Dining Car
Employees Union which sponsored
the Forum, Father Gilligan cham
pioned the right of labor to organ
ize. He pointed out in his very eff
fective manner that manufacturers
and business men have long had
the uncontested privilege of organ
izing, but that labor has long had
to fight for it's right that should
belong to all men, the right to or
ganize for the purpose of protect
ing and furthering it's own inter-
estS.
Mrs. Marguerite Combs, of the
Minneapolis Workers Education
Department and Phyllis Wheatley
House, emphasized in her talk that
the welfare of Negroes is tied up
with the labor movement.
John Thomas, recently appointed
personnel director of the Minneapo-
lis office of the NYA, appealed to
the audience to urge our youth to
take a more realistic point of view
of life and to become more serious.
Mrs. Lionel Allen, program
chairman of the Auxiliary to Local
SIC, presided at this meeting. She
related the history Of Local 516
and of its Auxiliary. Local SIC has
jurisdiction over the Dining Car
employees of most of the roads
centering in this district. Over
three-fourths Of the workers who
are eligible to join this union, are
active members. ..
The very excellent musical pro-
gram consisted of a selection by
the Halle Brown Chorus directed
by John Whitaker; two soprano
solos, Danny Boy" and "Hold on"
by Mrs. Alyce Stewart, accompan-
led by Mrs. Leah M. Young, and
a piano solo by Miss Revoida l..
Smith.
Serving as ushers were Mrs.
Arthur Hedge and Mrs. Eugene
Sheppard, officers of the Auxiliary,
which had charge of the program.
Mrs. Robt. Allen, chaplain of the
Auxiliary, gave the benediction.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1941-01-31
FUNERAL RITES HELD

Funeral services were held for a
well known church worker, Mrs.
Myrtle Buchanan of 507 Lyndale
Ave. N, Saturday, Jan. rs, at the
church of her affihation, The
Church of God in Christ, with
Elder ]. w. Graham officiating.
Born 43 years ago in Moberly,
Mo-, Mrs. Buchanan has been a
resident of Minneapolis for sixteen
years. For the past two years she
was treasurer of her church.
Mrs. Buchanan was i'll a short
time before her death and died at
General hospital on Thursday,
Jan. %.
She is survived by son, Wilbur
Jones, and an aunt, Sally Rogers,
Of Waterloo, Iowa.
Woodland Funeral Home was in
charge of arrangements with burial
in Crystal Lake cemetery.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1941-01-31
Mitchell Refuses
Cleveland Post, to
Remain in st. Paul

1t was revealed at last weeks
board meeting of the St. Paul Ur-
ban League that Clarence NJ.
Mitchell, Jr., present executive Sec
rotary, recently refused similar
post with the Cleveland, Ohio, Ur-
ban League at salary of $4,000.
Mr.. Mitchell was offered the po-
sition in December. The Cleveland
board asked him to come to that
city for an interview.
After going there late in Decem-
Der, Mr.. Mitchell decided to turn
down the offer after two confer
ences.
Mr.. Mitchell has turned down
several highly important jobs since
coming here because he wanted to
carry out a league program for st.
Paul and to date he felt it has not
been entirely completed.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1941-01-31
Household of Ruth
Installs Officers

The new officers Of Household
of Ruth No. 553, Grand United Or
der of Odd Fellows, were installed
at the regular monthly meeting
Community House. The installa-
ton was conducted by Mrs. Alice
King, Past Most Noble Governor
of the Order.
Those installed included: Mrs.
Mary Wilson, past most noble
governor; Miss Lydia Jones, most
noble governor; Mrs. Cora Gibson,
noble governor; Mrs. Ella Miller,
right senior steward; Mrs. Ida Mae
Murphy, left senior steward; Mrs.
C. Adams, right junior steward;
Mrs. L. Stout, left junior steward;
Mrs. Mary Thomas, Worthy Chap
lain; Mrs. Della Williams, worthy
shepherd; Mrs. Carrie Lindsay,
worthy recorder; Mrs. Birdie High,
worthy treasurer; Mrs. Alice King,
worthy prelate; Mrs. Matte King,
worthy usher.
Officers to be installed at the
February meeting include Mes
danes Alice Franklin, l. Hickman
and Mary Hixon, trustees, and Mr..
Frank Branson, worthy Chaplain.
Mrs. Dorothy Massie was made
a member at this meeting and Mrs.
T. Grant was reinstated as a mem
Der. Mrs. Massie was hostess for
the service of a luncheon.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1941-01-31
U.B.F.'s ANDS. M. Us PLAN
NATIONAL GRAND LODGE HERE

apois and st. Paul. Under the
new ,set-up man and women will
be eligible to become members OF
this new unit with equality Of
membership.
Some of the ladies from the
Temples surprised the Deputy
Princess, Mrs. Naomi Thomas, with
gifts and courtesies when it was
told at the meeting that January
% was also her birthday.
Among those present We're: Re
beque Force, Anna Wright, Lillian
Jackson, Inez Ford, Helen Law
renee, Ora McMoore, La Ear How
ard, Martha Clayton, Lille Brown,
Lena Brown, Emma Hood, Addie
Jackson, AAnie Foster, Mabel Har-
ris, Ida Mills, Anna Blair, Susie
Gaylord, Effie Larkins and Naomi
Thomas.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1941-01-31

The Dictionaries, a Phyllis Wheat
ley House Club affiliate, will meet
Friday evening (tonight) in their
club rooms. This meeting is very
important and all members are
urged to be present.
Mrs. Dorothy Scott will be the
guest speaker and will talk on the
Care of the Hair. Following this
evenings talk, other speakers will
be invited to come to the meetings
for charm and personality talks.
eliminating this series of lectures,
the Dictionaries, club of young
ladies, will have a Charm school"
to which their friends will be in
vited.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1941-01-31

The "fiu" got C. w. Washington,
Minneapolis Urban League secre-
tary. He was confined to his bed
at press time under the care of q
physician.
]. L. James, 900 Carroll Ave-,
owner of Juniors Delivery Service,
smashed his hand in unloading one
of his trucks last week.
Mrs. L. r. Stephens and son,
1925 Chicago Ave-, were among
the victims of the influenza cpl
demic. Mrs. Stephens was con-
fined to her bed for five days and
her son was still in bed on Tues
day.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1941-01-31
LEE HARRIS AT MINNESOTA
,THEATER THIS WEEK

Lee w. Harris, bass-baritone,
will appear on the stage at the
Minnesota Theater beginning Fri
day Of this week for a weeks en-
gagement.
Mr.. Harris has appeared in num-
erous recitals, concerts and on pro-
grams in and around the Twin
Cities and neighboring states for
several years.
He is a student at MacPhail
School of Music, and during the
past few months has made several
recordings.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1941-01-31
FOUNDERS DAY TEA

Eta Chapter, Alpha Kappa Al
pha Sorority, will hold its annual
Founders Day Tea, Sunday, Feb
ruary 2, at the Halle @. Brown
Community House at 4 p. m. Soror
Myrtle Wormley is chairman of the
committee on arrangements.
Mothers Of the babies who were
in the Baby Contest sponsored by
the Sorority last fall, viii be spe-
cial guests at the Tea. The public
is invited to attend.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1941-01-31

Shortly before Christmas she be-
came critically ill. Up to three or
four days ago, hope was had for
her recovery.
She was born on May A, 1861,
near the beginning of the Civil
War, Of free-parents. Educated in
the public schools of Minneapolis
and at the MacPhail School of
Music, Mrs. Smith was an accom-
plished musician. For years she
was the chief soprano soloist in the
Twin Cities.
A pianist, singer, composer and
arranger, she was first chorister
at st. Peter A.M.E. church and
Bethesda Baptist Church also. She
was also a charter member of both
of these churches.
Mrs. Smith saw Minneapolis
grow from a small hamlet to one
of this country's largest cities. She
was acquainted with most of the
figures, both men and women, who
built the city.
Many years ago she married w.
M. Smith, who came to Minneapo-
lis from Ohio. The couple have al
ways played an important part in
the life of the city.
Mrs. Smith was the mother of
two children by an earlier marri-
age; one of them, Miss Essie R.
Mason, survives her; a son, tai
ented pianist, Lafayette Harold
Smith died in 1910.
Among the best known songs
Mrs. Smith wrote was the success
full 'tLet My People Go" and sew
eral children's songs. Her arrange
ment of the Lords Prayer" has
received wide acclaim.
Mrs. Smith belonged to many or
CARNATIONS. She was one of the
founders Of the Minnesota Fedora
ton (Association) of Colored
Women's Clubs serving for many
years as chairman of that groups
music committee.
Other organizations with which
she was affiliated are the
Hennepin County Republican Wom-
ems Club of which she was board
member for nine years; the Opheia
Rice W.C.T.U. unit; missionary so
ciety of Bethesda Baptist church;
member of the Minnesota State
Baptist convention; Twin City
Choir-masters Assn; the NAACP
and many other organizations.
She was an important figure in
Fifth Ward politics. Her precinct
usually was carried by the candi-
dates who won her favor.
Funeral arrangements had not
been completed at press time. The
arrangements are being handled by
the Woodland Funeral Home.
Date and time of the funeral may
be secured by calling this news
papers office, Midway 8340.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1941-01-31
MCKINLEY P.T.A. MEETS
FEBRUARY 4

, The Mckinley School P.T.A. will
hold meeting on Tuesday, Febru-
airy 4, at eight o'clock in the school
hall on the corner Of Carroll and
Mackubin.
DIR. A. ]. Fandell will be the
speaker. The rescue squad of the
Fire Department will give dem
onstration and a short Founders
Day Skit will complete the pro-
gram.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1941-01-31
ATTENTION BUILDING
TRADESMEN

Any st. Paul building trades
worker interested in getting en-
ployment on the new Halle Q.
Brown building should apply to
Mr.. Mitchell at the st. Paul Urban
League, 1873 E. 9Th st.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1941-01-31
Y. w. C. A. CLUBS MEET WITH
WORKING GIRLS

The Working Girls Council met
at the Phyllis Wheatley House
Monday evening at eight o'clock.
Members from the three Y. w.
C. A. Clubs, the Florence Sims, the
Priscilla Club, and the Kinnaird
Club, Of the Industrial Division,
met with the Working Girls. After
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1941-01-31
Johnson Rites

D. C. Dowdy was funeral direc-
tor in charge Of the recent burial
arrangements for Miss Dorothy
johnson. Rev. II. w. Bolts of Zion
Baptist church preached the fu-
neral sermon. Interment was at
Crystal Lake cemetery.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1941-01-31

Thomas Promoted

John F. Thomas, Of Minneapolis,
was recently made supervisor of
personnel of the Minneapolis Office
Of the N.Y.A. He is probably the
only Negro in the U. s. holding a
similar position. I.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1941-01-31
Infant Dies

Little Baby Russell Walden, son
of Mr.. and Mrs. Walden Russell,
Jr., of SAB Aldrich Ave. No., died
last week after a short illness. He
was almost two years of age.
Funeral services were held
Thursday, January 20, at eleven
o'clock at the Woodland Funeral
Chapel with Rev. H. w. Bolts Off
ciating.
Survivors include: Mr.. and Mrs.
Russell Walden, Jr., mother and
father, and grandparents on both
sides; Mr.. and Mrs. Russell Wal
don, ST., and Mr.. and Mrs. Wilbur
Nevells.
Burial was made in Crystal Lake
cemetery.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1941-01-31
Twin City News Briefs

a short business meeting, the
group listened to talk on the
functioning of the State Employ
ment Agency given by Mrs. F. A
Harding, personnel director of the
same agency.
A social hour followed and tea
was served.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1941-01-31

last week when
he was voted the
most outstanding
boy in his grad
uating class by
the Lincoln Jun
ior High school
faculty.
In addition to
this h on Or his
class h a d pre-
viously un a n i
m o u s | y elected
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1941-01-31
FORMER ST. PAULITE DIES IN
GALESBURG

H. L. Davis, former st. Paul
resident, died in Galesburg, Ill,
Jan. 10. He was employed, while
in st. Paul, by the Pullman Com
pany. He was a member of Ames
Lodge, No. 106.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1941-01-31
Mrs. Hayden
Tells Her
Story!!!

Read Mrs. Emma Hayden's SEN
sational charge that her home was
broken up!
The divorced wife Of Rev. Ger
aid L. Hayden tells her side Of the
case on page 2 Of this issue.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1941-01-31

Wayman A. M. E. is launching
a financial drive which will end
February 16. The choir will give
a concert to climax the rally.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1941-01-31
Katharine L. Smith Dies;
Known as First Negro
Child Born in Minneapolis

Mrs. Katharine Luela Smith, the Negro
apos died Wednesday, January
husband W. M Smith, retired postal employee
the Spokesman and Recorder papers
Mrs Smith, 70 old long prominent religious
life Minneapolis
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1941-01-31

The 81 Masquers present three
one-act plays February u and %,
Halle @. Brown HOuse.-advt.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1941-01-31

Wait for the king Of~them all,
Jimmy Lunceford and his orches-,
ira, coming here March 20.-advt.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1941-01-31

A 16 year old Minneapolis youth
junior high school student, John
Crenshaw, won city-wide attention
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1941-01-31

Mrs. Albert Fowler, 1106 Emer-
son Ave-, suffered stroke Janu-
airy 81. She is under physicians
care at home.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1941-01-31

Enter your children in the Phyl-
lis Wheatley Tap Dancing class,
Mondays at 400 p. M.-advt.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1941-01-31

Johns parents are dead. He
lives with Mrs. Floyd Cobb at 534
Girard Ave. N. For the past year
he has been 4 member of the
schools student council and last
term had charge Of the noon hour
traffic. He also took part in other
extra-curricular activities.
John also finds time to play in
the Phyllis Wheatley Community
House orchestra, He was the sub
ject of stories in the dailies last
week.
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1941-01-31

him class president. The faculty
award was based on character,
St. Paul recorder. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1934-2000, 1941-01-31
ORPHAN LAD WINS HIGHEST
HONORS AT JUNIOR HIGH

citizenship ana Service 70 the
school," His name viii be en-
graved on a plaque which is kept
permanently in the school trophy
case.
Henderson daily dispatch., 1941-12-24
u. S. Agency
Halts State
Road Building
Daily Dispatch Bureau.
In the Sir Walter Hotel.
By BOB

Raleigh, Dec. 24.-The Public
Roads Administration has turned
thumbs down on the letting of any
next month.
Ben Prince, chairman of the State
Highway and Public Works Commits
sion. said that the federal agency
would re-examine all projects pre-
ViouSlv approved to decide which, if
any. were necessary and should be
built now. What the future policy
will be no one here knows, but It
is obvious that every highway con-
struction project submitted to the
federal government will be decided
with an eye to its importance in ma
tional defense.
Although there was M contract
scheduled to be let January 8 which
did not involve federal aid, Prince
has decided to postpone the letting
Of that. also, until the national po-
icy is determined. He said that he
would write the members Of the
commission. suggesting that the Jan
uary meeting not be held.
The highway commission is nov
gathering facts and figures to show
how much damage the recent Army
~nlaneuvers did to North Carolina
roads and highways. Under the de.
Tense highway act the State can sub
NIT to the federal government
claim for the damage.
w. Vance Baise, highway engineer
said that he expects the claim viii
be for an amount between S125, 90
and Sl5O.0OO.
1T was really considerably NOR
than that" he said. but much Of tn
Henderson daily dispatch., 1941-12-24
AROUND
CAPITOL SQUARE
BY BOB THOMPSON
Daily Dispatch Bureau
In The Sir Walter HOtel-Raleigh

"NEN"-There was so much talk
several month, ago about setting up
the Motor Vehicle Department as a
new and separate division OF the
State government, divorclng Il en-
tirety from the Department of Rev
onae. that the oral smoke almost OBJ
scured the fact that the 'diVorce' al
most was { partial separation.
Few people realize that the Depart
ment of Revenues accounting divi-
sion also handles the books for the
So-called new Department. The
mail and mechanical division works
for both. About all that actually hap
pened was that a couple Of new JOBS,
including the $4,000 pidm given
Bodie Ward were created and Com
missioner OF Revenue y. J. Maxwell
was relieved Of part Of his duties
and patronage.
Henderson daily dispatch., 1941-12-24

SALARIES-Speaking Of salaries
reminds Us that Ward, Oscar Pitts,
who runs the prisons, Bruce Ether
idge. who directs conservation, and
Ed Gill, who handles paroles, get
$4,000 a year, each, but that Nathan
Yelton, through whose hands the
State spends around $50. 900 900
school money a year, is paid S5,440.
The highest paid appointed offi-
cial is Ben Prince. chairman of the
highway commission, who gets S7.o0(
q year, and Commissioner Maxwell
and r. G.. Deyton, assistant director
Of tbs budget, who make $4,000 ;
year, each.
Henderson daily dispatch., 1941-12-24

Company OF North Carolina, Moor
dated, at Green oro, N. C., and
It's subsidiary, the Siler Guy, N. c.,
Hosiery Company, and the AlabaWt
Hosiery mills. Decatur, Ala.
Henderson daily dispatch., 1941-12-24
WAKES

WAKES RECORD-With So pco-
pie killed in automobile accidents al
ready this year. Wake county has the
worst record OF any in the state. But
that is not all the story. out OF th2
first 81 fatal accidents which result
Henderson daily dispatch., 1941-12-24
UDIIORS

AIDIIORS-The regUI0N annual
audit of the Department Of Revenue
is in process. For a while il was be
ing handled by d member of the
auditors accounting staff but since
the recent trouble in the department
State Auditor George Ross Pou has
'ordered T. N. Grice, his ace C. p. A,
to take po.sonal charge.
The audit, however,, does not g
very deep into the departments rec
ords. It Will not include the records
of the individual collectors or &c
puties nor Will it show the cOmpro-
misses made by the department with
taxpayers in arrears
Henderson daily dispatch., 1941-12-24
OPM Charges
Violations

Washington, Dec. 24.-tAP)- the
OPN has withdrawn all priority as
.istance from four companies-tWo
Henderson daily dispatch., 1941-12-24

Gdnra.e -" catered and I don't be
lets We VIII have facts 10 justify Il
tt>IlH f.! IL all
Henderson daily dispatch., 1941-12-24
YOUNG POT

lust received a letter from the COM
mander Of the military hospital
where his flying son Cadet Edwin
Pou, has been a patient since he SUI
fered a fractured skull in a fail. The
young man will not be discharged
on account Of physical disability
but will not be allowed to fly again
for around a year, Pou was informed.
For EdWin's sake | am, of course,
very sorry that it Will take so long
before his condition viii make it safe
for him to fly again. said Pou. But
just between us I think | will sleep
a little better for the next twelve
months
Henderson daily dispatch., 1941-12-24
HOTELS-Durham hotels are I

IIV IEL5-IDNI HUH TIV0oI0 V1 7lvs
the only ones which will benefit
from, and be crowded by, the trans
planted Rose Bowl football game on
January |. Raleigh hostelriGs also
are being flooded with requests for
reservations as probably are others
in a 50-mile raoIu5 of the Duke, alias
Rose, stadium.
Henderson daily dispatch., 1941-12-24
BLACKOUT

BLACKOuT - The first official
blackout tried by a North Carolina
city-that one held at Winston-Salcm
the other night-taught state defense
officials several things. One was that
if something is not done to keep auto
The Durant news. (Durant, Miss.) 1882-1985, 1941-10-02

mination, and treatment, the health
officer warns against the danger sig
nails which include the following:
/. Any unusual lump or thickening,
especially in the breast.
2. Any irregular bleeding or dis
charge from any body opening.
3. Any sore that does not heal -
particularly about the tongue, mouth,
or lips.
4 Persistent Indigestion, often ac-
companied by loss of weight.
5. Sudden changes in the form OF
rate of growth of a mole or wart.
6. A persistent change from the
normal habit or action of the bowels
Any of these may mean trouble
according to Doctor Underwood who
advised that troubling trouble in this
instance pays.