davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-04-11
Will United States Join War?
Washington Split on Views
BY WILLIAM X. HUTCHINSON
IntI NV. s,rxIre Sian Cnrre.nondrnt

cepted sense or that the conveys
will be used only in the western
half of the Atlantic where they
Will be free from German raiders
who will wait for the merchant
men TO reach the areas under
British patrol before attacking
them.
And there are some who be-
lieve that a convoy battle will not
result in war. These feW say
that Germany will carry on its
blockade of England, sink mer-
chantmen, attack even United
States warships if the opportunity
should offer, but always without
declaring war on the United
States.
And these few add that they
cannot see how the President can
ask Congress to declare war on
Germany if an American destroyer
is sunk by a U-boat If he invites
the attack by sending the destroyer
into the war zone.
BASED on RtMoR"
a few legislators. argue that the
United States will not get into
the war in a military sense be-
cause it cannot They refer 10
the use of troops, arguing that
the United States. even if al war
with Germany. cannot land troops
where they would be able 10 fight
German troops unless suicidal
effort were made to invade France
With losses that no know military
authority now recommends.
These few see the United States,
II ar war with Germany, sending
airmen and aviation ground crews
TO England or even 10 the Medl-
teTranean 10 help Britain's Raj.
They alse- HE United States
warships helping to blockade Ger
many and its conquered territory
and helping 10 ruin the German
blockade of the British Isles but
they cannot envision use of troops
abroad
The main point about this talk
of United States getting into the
war is that ii is based on rumOr
opinion and fear, rather than on
any specific plan or declaration Of
the President. And the people
closest TO the President say he in
tends to keep the nation at peace.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-04-11
Quits $4,000 Job
To Enter Draft Army
c,.yi,s, by Detroit Times, Az risA,. r...rss.d.

NEW YORK, April 11.-tINS)
Resignation of William McC.
Martin Ir-fronn his S4S. 000-a-Year
post as head Of the New York
Stock Exchange to become a buck
private in Uncle Sans draft army,
was accepted today with much
regret. No successor has been
selected
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-04-11

On week days enjoy the two
pages of comics and adventure
strips in the daily Detroit
TimeS@on Sunday, the great
comic weekly with WORLD
FAMOUS comics I'm C0L0RS.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-04-11
EASE BRITISH STRAIN

The potentialities OF the agree
ment are considered in authorita-
tive quarters in Washington to be
Of the greatest importance Once
the United States starts making
full use OF Greenland as an ad-
vance base for aid 10 Britain, in
formed quarters believe II will
greatly relieve the present strain
on British shipping
II was conceded that a German
4 tttack on American bases in
Greenland might involve this
country in the war. but the belief
prevailed in official quarters that
Germany will refrain from such q
move for that very reason
Administration officials believe
that the NaZi government does
not want the United States to be-
come full participant in the
war because. apart from other
reasons. OF the psychological effect
such a move would have on the
German people.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-04-11
NEWS TO FOREIGN OFFICE

COPENHAGEN. Denmark.
April 11-1NS)-The German
controlled Danish foreign office
announced today that it had no
knowledge whatever OF an agree
ment under which the United
States has taken Greenland under
its protection
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-04-11
Because the President will he
unable TO resist British pressure
10 get us actively into the war.
WON'T DECLARE WAR

There are some Capital Hill au-
thoritieS who do not expect war 10
result from the use Of United
States conveys This group, IN a
minority. either say the President
will not use conveys in the ac-
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-04-11

declared defense OF Great Britain
is vital 10 defense of the United
States. this government feels that
il will. IL necessary. have the right
to extend American defense meas
ures TO Greenland.
There is reason to believe that
the Danish minister concurs in
this Interpretation OF the agree
nnenf
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-04-11
SETTLEMENT HELD UP

The agreement was to have been
made public last Wednesday, but
was held up because Henry Ford
was disturbed about something he
read in a statement printed in
morning newspaper, Haywood said.
It appeared the strike would have
10 be certified to the national de-
tense mediation board.
But the White House agreed to
postpone certification Of the strike
to the board for 48 hours and the
governor rescued the negotiations
by sending his peace program to
both sides. Haywood stated.
The $4,000 who gathered to hear
Haywood and other union officials
explain the peace proposal were
SeriouS-minded.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-04-11
Mar BY Detroit Time. STAFF Artist

Map BY Detroit Times STAFF ATtis
THE CREATION SPLIT: HUNGARIAN INTERVENTION
The Bafanya Triangle between the Danube and rsza
In black the eeded to YugOsaya by
Hungary in 1918 and into which Hungarian troops moved
today to preserve order Meanwhile Berlin announced
Croatans had separate state and quit fighting
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-04-11
PATH FOR ALL PLANES

II is hoped II will be possible
10 lily PURSUIT N iflf-s tTt t-t-tf-
land within the next few months
The British Iaye been flying
, bombers straight across the North
Z Atlantic from Newfoundland to
Scotland. but that distance has
been too long for pursuit planes.
With the lifting Of the 1ngS Ii
the North Atlantic. II Is hoped To
fiy the pursuit planes TON WV
foundland 10 Greenland and thence
10 Iceland and Scotland
American fiers may be used to
pilot the warplaneS not t7sf44tt- only te-
Greenland but as far As Iceland in
order 10 avoid making Greenland
appear rs q British rather than an
American base Attention was
called 10 the fact the President
has never declared Iceland In the
combat zone and therefore not
only could American planes be
flown 1hcic huI 8mCTICdn- Sf1ffIS-
could carry supplies 10 that island
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-04-11
American Pilots
May Fly Planes
Far as Iceland
United States rushes troops
and ships 10 new Greenland
bases ............. rage IL
BY KINGSBURY SMITH
nh NeMa Service Alnh lnTres pnnde

Int'l News Service stan Correspondent
WASHINGTON. April 1.-THE
United States will use Greenland
as an advance base for American
aid to Great Britain, it was
learned today
Authoritative quarters dlSclOSed
that under broad Interpretation
of the agreement signed with the
Danish minister in Washington,
the United States government viii
have the right to use the bases IN
Greenland not only as stepping
stone for shipment of vital war
supplies 10 Great Britain but also
to refuel British warships and
naval patrol planes operating IN
the North Atlantic.
First step in the use Of Green
land as an advance base for aid
10 Britain is likely 10 be as a stop
over for warplanes, II was SAID.
As soon as American armed
forces take over IN Greenland and
adequate air fields are developed.
the United States Will start war
planes to Britain Via Greenland
and Iceland.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-04-11
8. 10 Use Greenland as Base 10 Md Britain
Reveal Ford Bid
For Troops 10
Open Plant

A request by the Ford Motor
Company that Gov. Murray D.
Van Wagner call out troops so
the Rouge plant could be re-
opened was turned down by the
governor during the strike nego-
tiations, it was revealed today.
At the huge mass meeting OF
Rouge workers in the Coliseum at
the State Fair Grounds last night,
Allan Haywood, national CIO or
ganizational director. told the as
sembled $4,000 that at one point
in the negotiations l. A. Capizzi,
company attorney, said to the
governor:
Bring on your soldiers and
we will put the plant back TO
work"
FRIEND OF UNION
But the governor said no. Hay.
wood reported.
THE governor has been your
friend all through this crisis"
he added
Haywood. in a resume of the
peace negotiations, said that a
tentative agreement to end the
strike was fiFsrreacHed last Tues
day night in the home of Harry
Bennett, Ford personnel director,
near Ypsilanti
The agreement was that five Of
the eight men whose discharge
caused the strike would go back
to work, Haywood said, and r. J.
Thomas, union president; Bennett
and another Ford representative
would sit on an. appeals board for
grievances. The company also
agreed to pay as high wages as
any competing company in the
country, Haywood said.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-04-11

WASHINGTON, April Ills
the United States going to enter
the second World War in a mill
tary sense within the near future?
mo" is the answer today of
close advisers to President
Roosevelt.
yes" is the answer Of Con-
gress. taken from a cross-Section
OF opinion on Capitol Hill.
The Presidents advisers picture
him as determined TO keep the
United States out OF active war
fare although committed fully 10
using every other effort of the
United States to help Britain de-
feat Hitler They say they are
convinced that this is the Presi-
dents confirmed policy because:
mir. Roosevelt has publicly
Il proclaimed he will keep the
United States at peace.
0-Mr. Roosevelt has advised
- his closest friends in private
talks that he is opposed to the
United States becoming en-
gagged in active warfare. --
O-The subject of the United
- State becoming involved in
the war tn military sense has
never been discussed at a cabi-
net session in even the most in
direct manner.
I-They feel the President de
II sires to keep the United
States free fran repetition of
the futile military losses of the
first World War In order to
present the strongest posSfDfe
military front to the world to
face the expected hazards OF the
post-peace era to come.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-04-11
I. :. PRoTECTORATE

INFORMED qU8TTUTS SAID il was
r1Azlhle that American waTShIpy
would, IL necessary. be used 10
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-04-11

Az opposed 70 ms sentiment
among the Presidents closest ad-
visefs- there i distinct and gen
ersf feefiug on Capitol Hill that
United States involvement in the
war is inevitable.
There are several things that
provoke this preSentIment, one OF
the most prevalent and significant
being a fear that the President
intends to push the nation into the
war
This fear" is widespread and
those who express il have many
divergent reasons for dong so.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-04-11
"UP TO ROOSEVELT"

One prominent Democrat eX-
pressed the fear in these terms
I'VE are In the hands of the
President. We have given him
so much power he can plunge us
Into the war any I me he
chooses. And I arm afraid that
Is exactly what he is going TO
do"
Asked why he felt such a fear,
the Democrat replied
Because the President will he
unable TO resist British pressure
TO get us actively into the war"
A more specific reason, given by
many legislators for their fear
of the United States getting into
the war. is the ever-nearing pros
pect of the use of United States
naval vessels to convoy merchant
ment to England. Many Demo
Gratis and a mass of Republicans
believe the President will order
conveys in the very near future
and that the first combat between
an American escort and German
submarine or long-range bomber
will result in war
Evening star., 1941-09-25
BY THOMAS r. HENRY,
Star Staff Correspondent.

CHICAGO, Sept. 25. - Sobel
scientists talked here YESTERDAY
about "the cosmic animal" discuss.
ing the possibility of its existence
as superintendent microbes might
discuss the possibility of the ex.
lstence of man.
The entire universe, said DR.
Charles Hartshorne, associate pro.
fessor of philosophy at the Univer-
slty OF Chicago, in paper presented
before the American Association for
the Advancement of Science, may be
a unified, living organism, with a
mind composed of the minds of all
living individuals.
There is a biological certainty of
future world state integrated in
a way similar to that in which parts
of the human body are integrated,
said DR.. Ralph w. Gerard of the
same institution.
Each a Brain Cell.
DR.. HartShorne pictured a world
mind, in which every individual is
sort of brain cell.
Just as between a brain cell and
the human mind there is no further
mechanism" he said, so between
every individual in existence and
the world mind there is no chain of
Intermediates, not even a nervous
system, but each and every one is
in the direct grip of the world
value.
after all, the higher the organ
ism the larger the part taken by
the gray matter The highest
organism must therefore be able to
use its entire body as its gray mat
ter. What, you may ask, would the
cosmic organism be doing? The an
SWer, of course. is that the purpose
of the organism would be the pros
perity of the parts and of the whole
But is the cosmoc genuinely and
organically unified? Let us recall
that nothing happens anywhere but
its effects are communicated with
the speed of light in all directions.
Any group, short of the universe,
can break up, fall to pieces, in all
SUI 10 VI anu OCS1CCS. ouG 1IOIll
the universe there is nowhere to go.
1t is the only aggregate which is en-
tirely its own foundation.
This conception of the ultimate,
or cosmic organism, is the remedy
for two great errors of political
thought-abstrac individualism and
abstract collectivism. Neither the
human individual nor any human
class, race or group is an absolute
end, but only that whole in which
men and nations and all eXiStences
have their place and value. We are
members one of another because
we are members of one ultimate
body-mind-one inclusive, unborn
and imperishable organism"
DR.. Gerard, on the other hand,
saw the world "epi-organism" as in
the process of evolution rather than
as already existing.
Parts SubOrdinated.
There will also be continued con-
f1icts between the selfish and un-
selfish drives of individuals as evo-
luton toward to epi-organism ad-
vances faster than the human nature
which underlies it." he said.
I'm the evolution of organism
Evening star., 1941-09-25

and the barrow terror into a milk
sop.
Something of the sort actually
has been done in the psychological
Laboratory of the University of Chi
cago, it was reported by DR.. Warder
G. Alice.
1t is accomplished, DR.. Alice said,
through the process of condition
ing, dear to the hearts of progressive
educators.
First he had three strains of mice
that apparently inherited their
fighting tendencies. One was race
of black animals that would fight at
the drop'of hat. A strain of white
mice was pacifistic and would take
anything rather than show re-
sistance. An intermediate brown
strain could fight very well but was
slow to start.
He took the toughest of his white
mice, which could beat every one
of his cage mates, and put him
with the fighting blacks. He was
badly beaten up. When returned to
his fellow white animals, he had be-
come the most subdued of the lot.
All the fighting spirit had been
beaten out of him.
Then DR.. Alice took the most
pacifistic of his brown mice, a
timid animal.
Passive white mice were placed
in his cage. He had never before
made an attack but now, in the
presence of his mate, he threatened
and fought off the very mild in
vaders.
He was made to encounter sew
eral low-ranking whites daily in the
fighting cage" reported DR.. Alice,
land as a result of the total build-up
he became definitely aggressive"
How Colds Are Caught.
A chill, cold, an attack Of flu
often are followed by pneumonia.
Yet pneumonia is due to the in
vasion of the lungs by bacteria.
They have nothing to do with the
temperature or the germs of colds
or flu.
The relations between these SEEM
ingly contradictory phenomena were
described today by DR.. Oswald H.
professor of medicine at
the University of Chicago.
Before there can be pneumonia 1t
Is necessary for the germs to get
into the lungs. They ordinarily
cannot be breathed in because they
are stopped in the bronchial pas
sages. They must get in by "swal-
lowing the wrong way"
Nature provides safety valve, the
epiglottis, to prevent this. 1t is
closed most of the time so that no
liquid can get through into the
lungs.
The recent experiments, DR.. Rob-
ertson said, show that when the
surface of the body is chilled the
thin plate of cartilage which con-
Evening star., 1941-09-25
Individual Pictured as Part
Of Great |Cosn1ic Animal
Single Broin Contributing to Composite
Mind Discussed at Science Session

there Is always involved an evel
greater subordination of the part
to the whole. The lesser units mus
be sacrificed for the welfare of tn.
greater unit which is the organism
The lesser units lose one type ol
freedom, but in doing SO gain a new
ability which they did not previ-
ously possess.
For example, in mans body the
muscle cells have lost the freedom
to reproduce, but have gained the
power of shortening rapidly and
powerfully In the same way, in
the developed epi-organism man
loses the freedom to kill his neigh
bors, but gains the advantages OF
language
Man Pays for Speed.
Men and bugs have developed the
two kinds of society known in the
world, but are on different roads of
evolution, said DR.. Alfred E. Emer-
son, professor of zoology at the Uni
versity of Chicago.
The insect way, he said, is slow
and safe. The human way is fast
and must inevitably be paid for in
blood, tears and sweat"
The insect, he pointed out, moves
upward only by the known laws
of heredity. A wasp builds its in
tricate nest because it has inherited
physically the instinct to make GER
tain moves at certain times. For
any change there must be "muta-
ton" in the wasp germ plasm. A
mutation which is favorable to the
existence of wasps, and hence likely
to survive, comes very seldom.
But man." said Prof. Emerson.
has discovered new mechanism
OF evolution producing rapid and
complex social changes. Instead of
repeating the pattern of past gen.
eratlonS through gene patterns, man
has symbolized his experiences bv
means of language and transmits
these symbols through talk, tele-
phone, radio, writing and printing,
not only to his immediate associates,
but to all parts of the world and
to all succeeding generations. Thus
our social patterns are repeated
without involving the germ plasm
and We do not need to wait for
genes to undergo favorable muta-
ton and for the slow process of
natural selection to sort such muta-
tionS."
Monkeys Ape Man.
There are monkey hermits and
clubmen, adopted children, loving
mothers and cruel mothers, faith
full husbands and gay deceivers.
Many of the peculiaritieS of hu-
man society are found among mans
nearest relatives, DR.. Clarence R.
Carpenter of Pennsylvania State
College told the association.
Among jungle monkeys. he said,
there are confirmed bachelors who
live alone and like it." refusing to
associate with others or acquire per-
manent mates. They constitute
floating population which is capable
of restoring the balance within So
cial groups whenever the loss of
males demands it.
Mice and Men.
Are men like mice?
II so, the timid soul can be made
into a tough, rip-roaring scrapper
Evening star., 1941-09-25
$1,000. 900 Suit Filed

CHICAGO, Sept. 25 (P).-A So
100000 damage suit was filed against
the American Medical Association
in Circuit Court yesterday by Jean
Paul Fernel, former plastic surgeon.
He alleged he had been libeled by an
article which appeared in the Au-
gust 2, 1941, issue of the associations S
journal.
Evening star., 1941-09-25

stitutes the valve tends to shrink SO
that drops of liquid can seep past it.
Large numbers of bacteria, in
cluding some of those responsible
for pneumonia, are always present
In the normal throat, he said, and
the number is vastly increased dur
ing a cold or flu attack. Hence any
liquid from the throat seeping into
the lungs is likely to cause pneu-
monia.
Evening star., 1941-09-25
French Report British
Attack SomuIiIund

VICHY, Unoccupied France, Sept.
25.-The Jibuti radio charged today
that the British were carrying out
systematic attacks on French
Somailand by both land and sea.
In the land attack, it was stated
that two sections of British regulars,
supported by f1anking detachments,
attacked the French frontier post
of Assamo, forcing the French to
withdraw to hill position.
The radio also charged that British
warships have been seizing and sink
ing small French boats off Jibuti,
machine cunning some of them.
Evening star., 1941-09-25
Stution Wagon Presented

FALLS CHURCH, Va, Sept. 25
tSpec1aD.-A station wagon for the
use of the Fairfax County Red Cross
Motor Corps has been presented by
Lester c. Simpson of Belle Haven.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1941-05-20
IS
 FORCED BACK
Norfhbound PAA Plane Returns 10 Prince George
 Two Others Go South

A noithbound Pan American Air ways L5destar, scheduled to land here at 4.30 o'clock this afternoon on its way to Fairbanks, was forced to turn back to Prince George this afternoon. but no definite cancel laticn has been made. Passengers cn board the ship are Mary Joyce, R. D. Suryan. M. M. Morrison, Lynn Mckee. S. D. Bennett, Mrs. Oliver Anderson, D. V. Cronin and Frank Wright All passengers on the plane except Mary Joyce are booked through to Fairbanks.
 Two Lodestars left Juneau for Seattle this morning with nine pas sengers booked for the States. They were Willard Kassler, Elsa Lundell, Orvill Ness, John Eframson, Mrs. Harry Pratt, Mrs. R. B. Earling, Carlcs Mcsso, Emil Eisenberg and Jack Flaum.
 One Electra arrived from the h. terior with no passengers and re- turned with four passengers from Juneau booked for Fairbanks. They were Mrs. Mary Maynard, L. D. Gano. H. w. Christianson and R. w McCrary.
The Daily Alaska empire., 1941-05-20
MORE THAN $500
 IN PRIZES FOR SOAP BOX DERBY
Date of Big Race Sci for June 26- Entry List
 Closes May 26

More than $500 in prizes have been set up for contestants in the Juneau Rotary Empire Soap Box Derby, the date for which was fixed last night by the Committee for June 26.
 Closing date for entry in the coaster race will be May 26, next Monday.
 The prizes for Class A and B 6 ges II to IS inclusive) will be as follows:
 First prize All -expense-paid trip to Akron, Ohio, and return to com- pete in the national Soap Box Der by finals in August. | Second prizeLThe finest bicycle which can be bought.
 Third prize-A radio. In addition, the firsta prize win ner will be awarded trophy and second and third prize winners will be given medals.
 The prizes for Class c tages eight to ten inclusive) are as follows:
 First prize-A free pass to the Capitol Theatre. good for every show for whole year.
 second prize-A sleeping bag. Third prize A fishing outfit. Y In addition there will be num- ter of special feature prizes, as fol- lows:
 !
 For the best-designed car-A tool set. s''''
 For the car showing the best me ,hanical workmanship-A tool set.
 For the best-upholstered car-A pen and pencil set.
 There will also be prizes for the winners of each heat.
 Every boy entering the race will e given a steel crash helmet to zeep as his personal souvenir of the went.
 The winner of the Class A and B ace will be competitor in Akron or long list of national prizes, leaded by four-year college cholarship.
 All money paid in by sponsors of ,oy entrants is being used to pur- hase prizes and to help pay for the winners trip to Akron. The Rotary Tub is putting up one-kalf of the money for the winners trip and the her half will be donated by The oaily Alaska Empire, which CO., sponsors the big Juneau event.
 No prizes have been solicited from zeal business houses and none will C. Manager Charles Beale of the Capitol Theatre came forward vol untarily today with his offer of the