davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-05-13

bette. and Doctor Joslin has al
ways been particularly sympa-
thetic toward the young dia-
bette.
The Phoenix index., 1941-07-12

part it has gone unnoticed. Twenty
four years ago migration that IN
comparison made the "Oakies"
shift to California in the 30's look
like small stuff occurred. Thousands
upon thousands of Negroes, grown
tired of being exploited and denied
the rights of citizenship, left the
South and moved into the indus.
trial areas of Ohio, Michigan
Pennsylvania, New York, Illinois.
The United States had entered
the war and the shutting off Of
sources of European emigrants
caused a shortage of common labor
in the nations big industrial cent
erS. Labor agents began flocking
South offering black men wages
unheard of in their lifetime. Whole
families uprooted themselves from
Mississippi, Alabama, Florida
Georgia, Tennessee and moved "ur
Nawth."
PLANTERS BECOME FRANTIC
Railroads cashed in, offering low
excursion rates. In a single yea1
the Negro population of Chicago
leaped more than 400 per cent. New
York became focal point of other
thousands swelling Harlem to be-
yond the 100000 point.
The migration became so whole
sale that Southern planters were
getting frantic. Negro workers who
had been the victims of cruel ex-
The Phoenix index., 1941-07-12
Invests $4,000
In Govt Bonds

MENIPHIS-(A N P)-Although
George Lee, World war veteran and
author has passed the age for mill
tary service, he has demonstrated
his eagerness to help in the nation
al emergency by investing $4,000
in national defense bonds.
During the first World war, Lee
was sent to the officers training
camp in Des MoineS, Ia, when he
pushed up his age and volunteer
ed. There he became a lieutenant
and spent nearly 13 months in
France where he was cited for
bravery in the ArgOnne and the
Battle of Bannarville.
Lit. Lee is now engaged in the
insurance business. He said when
he withdrew $4,000 of his savings
and purchased defense bonds: Il
think every citizen should be de-
fense conscious and give every aid
possible to make our nation secure
against the great wave of autocracy
that sweeps over 1000 miles of
ocean and is now crashing sullen-
ly at our shores"
The Phoenix index., 1941-07-12

FORT BRAGG, N. Ca N P)
Col Hamilton, Fish, a special
ist reservist and congressman from
New York, reported for % days
active duty with the army at Fort
Bragg early wednesday morning,
arriving by train from his office In
Washington.
Col. Fish served with a regi-
ment of Negro troops in France
during the World war and, at his
own request, has been assigned to
duty with colored troops while OF
duty here. He will serve initially
with the 41st Engineer regiment
commanded by Lit. Col John E &.
Wood and is expected to also see
duty with Fort Bragg's two COL
ored regiments of anti-aircraft
coast artillery during his tour OF
duty here.
Afser reporting for duty, Col.
Fish visited the command posts of
both the 4lst Engineers and the
Ninth division who have been en-
gagged in field exercises for the
past three days, preparatory to
large scale army maneuvers later
in the year.
The Phoenix index., 1941-07-12
HEARING WAS SM0KESCRE
NAACP SAYS IN Statement
DOCTOR ATTENDS
N. C. MOTHER
FOR 18 BIRTHS

CHAPEL HILL, n. c.
| (ANP)-BOth Mrs. Sandy
Patterson and DIR. Black
Lloyd, white physician, are
claiming some sort of rec
ord.
Recently DIR. Lloyd at
tended Mrs. Patterson in
Chatham county and help
ed bring into the world
her 18th child, Is of whom
are living. There were II
boys and six girls. DIR.
Lloyd delivered every one
of the Is children.
The Phoenix index., 1941-07-12
Another White
Texan Shoots
Negro In Back
7O-Year-Old
Farmer Shot After
He Talked Back


tHOUSTON-(ANP)- The wave
of shooting Negroes in the back
continues in this section of Texas.
Mayes Carmichael, 70-year-old
farmer, was shot fatally this week
by, Robert Charpiot, white farmer,
who accuses the Negro of calling
him a liar. Carmichael's sons told
police that their father called the
white man liar after the white
man had called him the same.
Two shots fired from a % rifle
struck the elderly man in the back
as he ran down highway. Ac-
cording to the sons, in an argu~
ment the white man called the
colored man a liar and the colored
man retorted you're another. The
white man then returned to his
home seized the rifle and fired the
fatal shots while Carmichael was
running away from him.
Despite the killing the slayer was
not lodged in Jail Immediately. A
Justice conducted perfunctory
inquest, permitted the killer to
deliver himself to the sheriff ana
make statement.
This is the third killing OF a
Negro by a white man in the past
few months, in this section of the
state. Bob White was killed in a
courtroom recently and a coloreo
man bv the name of Jack Oates
was killed by shotgun blast dur
ING April. None OF the killers has
been punished. fsr
The Phoenix index., 1941-07-12

WASHINGTON, D. C.-(SNS)-
President Roosevelt was asked by
the National Negro Congress to
take steps to prevent the War De-
partment from distorting the
meaning of his recent executive
order. abolishing determinations
against Negroes in defence indus
try. following an investigation OF a
66-million-d dollar contract which
the War Department let to the
Glenn L. Martin Aircraft Company
five days after the Presidents order
was announced.
According to War Department
officials the contract contained no
clause stipulating that workers must
be hired regardless of race, creed,
color, or national origin, because
the contract was discussed" prior
TO the issuance of the Presidents
order and therefore was not bound
by it. With the new order the
company's defense contracts now
total more than GIG million dollars.
The request for action by the
President was contained in tele-
gram sent to the nations Chlet
Executive. The telegram said in
Part:
"On June 30 the War Depart
ment announced that contract
for construction of aircraft had
been signed on that day with the
Glenn L. Martin Aircraft Company
and that the amount to be receiv-
ed by the company would be $780,
261; ;526. We have been advised both
by Major Holland in the office of
the Under-secretary of War, and
by Colonel w. F. Ballant, in the
Procurement Division of the Army
Air Corps that this contract con-
tains no provision such as demand
ed by your Executive Order.
I'VE are advised that officials of
the War Department contend that
any contract upon which any dis
cussion has been held prior to your
order is not subject to the provision
against discrimination. If this in
depreciation of the phrase "here-
after negotiated, is allowed to
The Phoenix index., 1941-07-12
Bv cliff Maekay
THE WRONG APPROACH

Mr.. Stewart is plainly tackline
the problem of halting the migra-
ton of Georgia's needed labor
from the wrong end. His efforts
resemble man trying to holo
back a flood with tissue paper
dam.
The more logical attack would be
to make wages, hours, and working
conditions more attractive to labor
in Georgia. That would be the
most effective defense against the
sabotage work of labor agents
Most of the men now leaving pre-
fer to remain in their native state
if they were insured OF obtaining
anything approaching just COM
penSatiOn for their labor.
Cotton is going up, CottonSeed
oil leaped to a fifteen-year peak OF
13 cents per pound, an increase OF
100 per cent in four months, yet
adamant Southern planters are
not willing to share these increased
profits with those who produce the
cotton. Food and clothing has
sky-rocketed more than 20 per
cent; vet farm laborer is SuppoS-
ed to still be able to get along with
fifty cents a day.
WORKERS GET $1.50
Georgia is a lumber producing
state. Saw-mills dot the state from
the North to the South. With the
increase building program brought
about by the national defense
emergency, lumber is in demand
The price has gone way above its
former level. Yet Georgia's saw
mill operators, making more now
than ever before in history, con-
tinue to work their laborers, chief
ly Negro, ten hours day for the
same old $1.50. And many force
these workers to trade with the
company store, where outrageous
prices cheat them even out of this
paltry sum.
No, Mr.. Stewart, you cannot stop
this shift in labor by even failing
all of the labor agents. Labor will
continue to move to better fields
just so long as Georgia planters
and employers and those in other
Southern states Stubbornly refuse
to heed the signs of the times
Coolie wages and cruel exploita-
ton of labor, twin tools of fascism.
should be definitely out of style
in a nation frantically arming it.
self to resist these forces seeking to
rule the world. ..
The Phoenix index., 1941-07-12
Urge Naming OfNegroes,.On
OPlM;s Investigating Unit

Congress- failure to pass the anti
lynch bill. condemned the murder
of Bob White and called upon JUS
tice, demanded action on the lynch
ing of Private Felix Hall at Fort
Bcnning, Georgia, urged passage
of federal legislation outlawing the
the poll tax and regulation pri-
maries, called for more slum clear
ance funds.
Efforts of Negro trade unlon1sts
to gain full integration of race
workers into labor unions were
highly praised. Workers were urg-
ed to join unions wherever posi-
bic. -.-....
RAP SEN. BYRNES
"We applaud the slow but steady
growth of consciousness Of Amer
ican workers toward the realiza-
ton that white labor will never
be free until all labor is free" the
resolution stated.
Senator James F. Byrnes APP
pointment as associate justice OF
the Supreme Court was called 'un-
fortunate at this crucial period in
the life of the nation" The hope
was expressed that he would rise
to the heights of judicial stateman-
ship recently, attained by Justice
Hugo L. Black.
The work of the March-on-
Washington committee was en-
dorsed by the conference.
A demand that Congress include
domestic and agricultural workers
under the wages and hours ana
social security laws was made and
the whole system of tenant farm
ing deplored.
The conference pledged a con-
tinuance Of the fight against dis
elimination in all tax-supported
institutions and for equal faclll-
ties and equal pay for Negro and
white teachers.
The Phoenix index., 1941-07-12
Native Son Folds;
$36> 900 In The Red

NEW YORK-(CD-Native Son,
the only four star play on Broad
way, suddenly closed last Saturday
Reason rumored for its departure
was THAT the race conscious drama
was $4,000 in the red.
Theatregoers and critics alike
were surprised over the fold-up, as
from the outside, it appeared the
play was doing well, financially. A
few weeks ago, box officials gave
out that good seats couldn't be
had until the middle of July be-
cause the rush was so great.
Those who took the officials
word and left their names On file
to be notified when the good seats
were vacant, now find they have
missed the most talked-about
play on Broadway.
Canada Lee, the star Of Native
Son" is doing few choice scenes
from the play for week at the
Apollo Theatre. Actor Lee is also
The Phoenix index., 1941-07-12
Twenty Hurt In
Phi||y Riot

PHILADELPHIA-(AN N P)-Fol-
lowing the ducking of a 14-year,
old Negro boy in municipal
swimming pool by group OF white
boys, a race riot ensued in winch
more than 20 persons were hurt.
It is said that i'll feeling has ex-
isted since two Negro life guards
were assigned last week Tor 1ull
time duty at the pool which IS TO-
Gated between a white section and
Negro community of $1,000.
Three white boys were Slashed
in a fight in which fists and knives
were used. When the pool was clos
ed and the fight broken up spora-
die outbreaks occurred about the
streets, with the belligerents
welding milk bottles, bricks, stones,
baseball bats and pikers.
Fifty police cars and several
The Phoenix index., 1941-07-12

same direction
once again.
Hitler'S hordes
travel the same
road to Moscow
that proved sc
disastrous in
1872 to an earli-
er would-be ru-
Ter of the world
= One instance
of history re-
peating itself
has been SC
gradual h at
for the most
The Phoenix index., 1941-07-12
Report rt3Lynchings
For First 8 Months

prefer calling their reported lynch
ing murder" and have convicted
and sentenced the white persons
involved.
1t took place on Sunday, April
13, when Robert Melker, % veal
old farmer, was shot and killed at
his home following a rock fight
growing out of an argument with
four white boys, Graham and Hay
wood Dellinger, Robert Sellers and
Fred Hudson. Within 10 days they
were sentenced to prison terms
ranging from IA to Is years, which
they are now serving.
The Phoenix index., 1941-07-12
NAACP Encouches Suggestion
In Convention Resolutions

HOUSTON Tex-(SNS) - Weaknesses in the Presl-
dents executive order banning discrimination IN de1ense
es were objected to in resolutions passed by delegates
from &c states closing meeting of the 32nd NAACF
conference here Saturday June 2S Los Angeles Ca1ora
was named as 1912 convention city.
The resolution dealing with the executive order stated
that the has taken step in the right drecon
1t suggested that in order to prevent certain states from
avoiding obedience TO the order firm federal rules should
be adopted to set qualifications for employment
The Phoenix index., 1941-07-12

TUSKEGEE, Ala.-(ANP)-Three
lynchings took place during the
first six months of 1941, according
to the semi-annual report released
July by DR.. F. D. Patterson, presi-
dent of Tuskegee institute.
"All of the persons lynched were
Negroes" his report reveals. "The
offenses charged were attempted
rape, stealing from employer and
alteration with a white man."
They took place at Quincy, Fla;
Blakely, Ga, and Gastonia, N. G
However North Carolina officials
The Phoenix index., 1941-07-12
Hit Sabotage Of
No Jim Crow Order

stand then it is clear that con-
tracts not yet signed amounting to
billions of dollars may be authoriZ-
ed without any protection against
discrimination. We cannot believe
such an Interpretation is within
either the letter or the spirit OF
your executive order"
The Phoenix index., 1941-07-12

STRANGE 1T IS how history
travelling in constantly changing
cycles. oftimes repeats itself. The
crisis that grips the world today
is a repetition of similar history
making events of past eras. Two
decades after the first World Wal
we find ourselves travelling in the
The Phoenix index., 1941-07-12
Fish Reports For
Duty AT Fl. Bragg

Col. Fish expressed himself as
delighted with Fort Bragg and said
the climate here is ideal for troop
training. He pointed out that while
summers in the south are hot,
most important battles have been
fought between April and Novem-
Der and the training afforded the
$4,000 troops stationed here this
summer should therefore prove of
great value" ..... .-....
The Phoenix index., 1941-07-12
Seize Big Quantity
Of Illegal Liquor
ATLANTA, Ga.-(SNS) D

Radio Patrolmen w. D. Nash and
E. v. Forester late Saturday
seized an automobile containing 100
gallons of illegal whiskey. The Of,
ficers said they found the car in
front of 739 Cairo Street. Booked
on suspicion of being in charge of
the liquor car were two men list
ed as Paul Johnson, 80, alleged
driver, of 504 1-2 Dover Street, SW,
and James Barnes, 26, of 1871
Chapel Street. SW. Both men were
booked on disorderly conduct-whis-
key charges.
The Phoenix index., 1941-07-12
Reply Is N Made
10 Editorial

NEW YORK CTTY-(SNS)-In reply to editorial in
the Pittsburgh Courier attacking for blocking the hear
ing before the Truman committee in Washington, the Ma
onal Association for the Advancement of Coored People
Saturday issued statement declaring that the Truman
hearing represented frenzied and hasty attempt to
dodge real investigation into discrimination against the
Negro in national defense.
The Phoenix index., 1941-07-12
[I31E..'.I'.Zz:
7 SKIN

Women with dArk skin, women with hard b
tighten compleXaaNn. this iB your big opportunity.
Women with d1l1 skin, freckles, superficial
blemishes externally caused, this is great news
for you. Today, get amazing NIX Bleach
Cream which bleaches your skin lighter and
brings out your hidden, natural color. This fast,
tiny line to give even, smooth looking action 30
the whole skin surface Is Bleached Lighter and
thus helps you look younger. You simply pat on
IN minute before going to bed and NIX works
while you sleep. II NIX is too strong for your
skin mix with equal amount of cold cream.
Remember, NIX is made full strength and sold
positive guarantee to Bleach your skin lighter
or money back. Use on face. neck, arms, hands
and breast directed and you'n b0 amazed al
results. Get NIX today at drug and Zoe stores
OF send 25c for large Jar Postpaid. No @. DIS.
NIX COSMETICS Co., MEMPHIS TKNNEBSER.
Also NIX DeOrdOrant Creams at
stores Large jar IOc and 25c
The Phoenix index., 1941-07-12

as to how accurate and just is the
Pittsburgh COURIER'S charge of
weak, selfish, hypocritical leader
ship We believe the 32-year rec
ord of the NAACP is sufficient an
Swer to such a charge"
The Phoenix index., 1941-07-12

An improved method for deter
mining the air content of freshly
placed concrete has been develop
ed by the Bureau OF Standards,
Department of Commerce.
The Phoenix index., 1941-07-12

URGE NEGRO MEMBERS
It was also pointed out that there
was nothing in the order which
would make it apply to plants now
operating under government con-
tract. The third and strongest OBJ
lection was to the complete fall
ure of the decree to touch the mai
ter of discrimination in the arm
The Phoenix index., 1941-07-12

The resolution recommended that
the committee of five to be at
tached to the Office of Production
MANAGEMENT to hear and act upon
complaints of discrimination in
clude Negro members.
Other resolutions passed blasted
The Phoenix index., 1941-07-12
SHORTAGE OF LABOR

Once again efforts are being made
through law to keep these people
seeking to better their economic
lot from seizing' these opportuni-
ties in more lucrative fields.
So acute has become the short
age of labor that the sheriff OF
one Georgia county has taken il
upon himself to place under arrest
every able bodied man, who is
not working and force him to take
a Job. Pleas are sounded that peo.
pie be cut off the WPA which pays
81 cents an hour, so that they will
exploiters at eight cents an hour
as it was discovered one laundry
in Macon, Ga, was paying.
Now Georgia's director of the bu-
reau of unemployment compensa-
ton, j. E. B. Stewart, charges that
other states are raiding Georgia's
labor supply, Chiefly Negro ano
seeks to have something done about
it through the courts.
Charges have been filed against
seven men, who are charged with
operating employment agencies
without the approval of the state
labor department. Heavy bonds OF
ten and fifteen thousand dollars
are assessed them. They will doubt
less be convicted and other agents
will come.
The Phoenix index., 1941-07-12

beginning q radio program on the
rational hook-up designed solely
to help Negro script-writers.
The Phoenix index., 1941-07-12

The Courier editorial charged the
NAACP with selfish leadership
and singled out Walter White, N
A. A. G. P. secretary, for a bitter
personal, castigation.
The N. A. A. G.. P. statement
The Phoenix index., 1941-07-12

hundred patrolmen hurried into
the troubled zone in answer to six
riot calls.
The Phoenix index., 1941-07-12

Mrs. Mildred Carmichael Smith,
who was awarded the Master of
Social Work degree last month from
the Atlanta University School of
Social Work, has recently been ap-
pointed case worker for the Fulton
County Department of Public We'll
fare. Mrs. Smith is the daughter
of Mrs. Hattie Carmichael and the
wife of Joel w. Smith, noted sports
writer, and instructor at Booker L.
Washington High School. She is al
so graduate of Atlanta University
and was actively engaged in the
teaching profession for number
of years prior to her decision to Sc
cure graduate training in social
work.
The Phoenix index., 1941-07-12
PREPARATIONS NOT ADEQUATE

''No adequate preparation had
been made by the committee. It
was planned to hold brief hearings
at which a few Negroes would be
permitted to talk about discrimina-
ton. The principal witnesses were
to be Negro government employees,
with a few outsiders"
1t continues, "It is tragic for the
Negro that an influential paper. like
the Pittsburgh COURIER should.
Willingly or unwittingly, play right
into the hands of the persons in
Washington who alarmed by the
country-w wide protests of Negroes
against discrimination, would try
to silence our people by giving them
a brief and perfunctory hearing"
UNITY STRESSED
"The plight of the Negro is sD
desperate and the destiny not ONLY
of Negroes now living but of future
generations is so important that W.
must not let personal ambition OF
any group, individual or institution
jeopardize the welfare of the race.
THE NAACP leaves to the iude,-
ment of the people of the country
The Phoenix index., 1941-07-12


elimination beginning last Febru-
ary 13, and declared that the only
reason the Truman committee
scheduled hearings for June 30 and
July was because it hoped to head
off the scheduled March-on- Wash
ington.
SEEK OTHER WITNESSES
The N. A. A. 6. P. statement al
so declared that the plans for the
Truman hearing called for Negro
government employees "and a few
outsiders" as the only witnesses
whereas an adequate investigation
demanded the inclusion of many
other witnesses.
1t was explained that Senate Re-
solution rs, providing for the ap-
pointment of a committee of eight
senators to make a full and COM
plete investigation into participa-
ton of Negroes in all industrial and
other phases of the national defense
program, including education cour-
ses and apprentice training, was in
troduced into the Senate five
months ago.
BYRNES OPPOSES MEASURE
The introduction of the resolu-
ton and favorable action on it
were bitterly opposed by certain
senators, led by James F. Byrnes
of South Carolina. In spite of the
opposition, S. R. rs was favorably
reported by the Senate sub-com-
mittee on April "a which forced its
enemies to devise some other means
of sidetracking the issue of Negro
discrimination.
They succeeded in getting the
Committee on Education and La
Dor to table S. r. IS in view of
having it combined with the Tru-
man investigating committee. The
Truman committee was authorized
to investigate the ALLEGATION of con-
tracts in the defense program.
Senator Truman had told the N.
A. A. G. P. that his committee was
so swamped with work that it
could not possibly consider dis
elimination until midsummer or
later and that even then his COM
mittee could hear only two or three
witnesses.
The statement continues, "It is
the NAACP's position then and now
that discrimination against the Ne
gro is so widespread and so enor-
nous an issue that it should not be
tackled on as minor appendage to
some other issue but should be con-
Sidered on it's merit. We are con-
vinced that the Negroes of the
country feel the same way, THAT
is WHY WE OPPOSE THE FREN-
ZIED AND HASTY ATTEMPT TO
COMMENCE HEARINGS ON
JUNE 30.
The Phoenix index., 1941-07-12
The Globe TrOtter
Hating The Migration

ploitation and peonage we're beggec
to stay. The states hurriedly pass
ed laws seeking to control the
activities of Northern labor agents
All sorts of stories went the
rounds about how unscrupulous
methods were employed to keep the
formerly despised black man down
on the plantation. In one Georgia
county, so one of the stories goes
armed posses" were formed by
irate planters to drive out labor
agents. In another the sheriff was
said to have stood guard at the
railroad station preventing any Me-
groes from purchasing tickets.
History repeats itself. Negroes
are moving northward once again
as industries begin opening wider
Job opportunities. The difference is
the movement has not grown YET
into the wholesale proportions OF
the last migration.