davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1941-02-23

Hitler today is the undisputed master
of continental Europe, even more than
Napoleon was. 1876 years ago German
domination extends from the Baltic to
the Black Sea The difference between
him and the French conqueror is that
while the latter was satisfied with i'm
planting the French tricolor and putting
his relatives on the thrones of con-
quered nations, Hitler not only takes
the countries over politically, but forces
the social and economic philosophy Of
Nazism on them.
Under these circumstances. the picture
of impending actions of the totalitarian
states has become painfully clear to
the administration in Washington. After
a careful study Of reliable information,
it appears probable that the situation
will develop as follows:
1. In the Mediterranean the Germans
will endeavor to squeeze out the British
by closing the two main gates at Gibral
tar and the Suez.
To achieve this, an attack on the rock,
through Spain, will be necessary. Con-
fdential reports which have reached this
city in the past 10 days indicate that
the unwilling Franco has agreed to re-
main quiet spectator when the Ger
man troops now concentrated on the
PyreneeS' borderS-some nine divisions
begin their march through Spain.
Frances abstention from interference
is understood to be all that Hitler asks
Mussolini, who is the generalissimoS
patron saint, is reported to have fixed
the last details of the Spanish-axis CO.
operation.
Greece's Fate Sealed.
The Suez Canal. according to reports
from British sources, will not be at
tackled directly now. There will be air
attacks from the German bases in the
Mediterranean and the Aegean Seas.
The fate of Greece was sealed when
Premier Cvetkovic and Foreign Minister
Markovic of Yugoslavia agreed with Hit
Ter to permit German troops to 60
to Salonika through Southern Serbia.
The Yugoslavs are not acceding to the
German request with a light heart.
But they cannot help themselves. The
Germans promised them, as a reward
for passivity, the port of Salonika and
the northern section of Greece, after the
war is over. On the other hand, they
warned that if they did not fall into
line, they would be mercilessly crushed
long before they could hope for any
substantial assistance from the British.
The Yugoslav general staff is aware
that the Army could delay the Ger
man march for about six weeks, but
concluded that during that time there
would not be an opportunity for sub
Evening star., 1941-02-23
Benedict
Continued From Page CID

of Panama, Immediately after it had
declared itself independent of Colon
bia. The point was that Colombia was
hagglirg about ceding territory through
which to dig the Panama Canal. whereas
Panama was willing to make the ces-
ton. If Colombia had been strong in
stead of weak, war might well have re-
suited.
Mckinley, on his own initiative as
commander in chief of the Navy, sent
the battleship Maine to Manila, and
it was the destruction of the Maine in
Manila Harbor which precipitated the
war with Spain.
The late Senator Borah was a notable
constitutional lawyer. In 1922, when the
question came up of the American Army
of Occupation in Germany, Borah main
tanned that Congress had no power to
compel the President to withdraw the
American troops. Borah said that as
long as there was an Army, the President
as its commander in chief could send
it wherever he wanted; and presumably
that holds for the Navy as well.
Yet in all these instances a President
was probably acting in accordance with
public opinion. At least, he did not
long persist in using the Army and
Navy where. when and how the country
did not want it to be used Senator
George, chairman of the Senate Foreign
Relations Committee, was quoted on
February last as holding that although
in theory President might constitu-
tionally use the Navy to convoy ships
in spite of a prohibition by Congress,
in actuality no President would dare
to use the Navy in direct contraven-
ton Of . policy laid down by Congress.
Evening star., 1941-02-23

for German account. On commodities
imported, the Nazis will have first claim.
Turkeys loyal friendship for Great
Britain should prevent her new pact
with Bulgaria from operating in any
way to the detriment of this country,
but it is the path Of prudence as of real
ism. where such vital issues are in
volved. to envisage all implications of
the document. The full significance of
the pact on the military side will only
become clear at the moment when Ger
many diScloses the direction in which
she intends to thrust
If Turkey be the objective. then Brit
ain under the Anglo o-Turkish treaty is
bound to go to her assistance. If Greece
be the victim, Britain likewise is bound,
but Turkey as we have seen, has under
the Balkan pact reserved her position.
Under the Anglo-Turkish treaty she is
only obliged to come to the aid OF Br1-
tain and ipso facto to the aid of Greece)
provided she is not thereby involved in
armed conflict with Russia The attitude
of Russia is therefore the most powerful
factor influencing the trend of imminent
| developments.
How will Britain discharge her obli-
cations?
Had it been found possible to eXpel
the Italians from Albania, thus from
Balkan territory, by spring, the problem
for Britain would have been simpler.
Germany would have been too late to
bring any assistance to her ally. 1t is
only now. with the melting of ice and
snow, that she can make her way to
do so.
Britaips Obligations.
| Unless Turkey is involved, the Royal
Navy cannot enter the Black Sea and
menace Germany on her Bulgarian
Rumanian f1anks. 1t seems Britain has
once again in her history to consider the
prospect of sending an army to Salonika.
Let caution be exercised and the lessons
| of the last war be remembered.
Such expeditions, to succeed. must be
adequately manned and supplied. They
/ cannot be sustained unless a steady flow
of troop transports are available. A well
planned enterprise. undertaken in time
and with high spirit, can secure victory
| 1t may have different results if entered
into tardily and only by way of i'm
promptu answer to an enemy who has
been allowed to gain the initiative
! In any event, the immediate task is
| release of the Greek armies still at grips
with the Italians in Albania so they will
be free to engage more powerful enemy
| elsewhere. 1t is important to aid Greece
in such way that if the challenge
comes she will not have to fight simul-
| taneously on two fronts.
Evening star., 1941-02-23
Review of Seventy-Seventh Week of War
BY Blair BOHes.

the world
setting of
peculiarly
19 the should be joining informal cooperation with the
Socialist
earth subscribed Versailles after the World War In 1881 the apa
independence
vacatng British policy the
Nations provided other nation
which might problems
Europe gathering her
brought disturbing Bulgaria The general Interpretation
that has devised forcing Greece to halt her successful
ally Italy will interesting
support Africa, the
uppv lbs for
Evening star., 1941-02-23
Far Eastern Front

The weeks first Indicator of English
up the previous week by Japan was the
announcement by the Admiralty in Lon
don that Malayan waters had been
mined to block the great naval fortress
of Singapore against unWelcOme ships
from the direction of Thailand. China
French IndO-China and Japan. The
British press Immediately linked this
action with the advice of British au-
thoritieS urging BritonS to leave Thailand
and occupied China-tWo areas subject
to varying degrees Of Japanese control.
Japan on Tuesday spoke and acted.
Saigon, the capital of French mdo-
China, heard that Japanese
JoDonese naval forces in the Gulf of
On Move Siam had been increased
heavily during the previous
y hours The gulf washes the Malay
Peninsula on its western side: at the
bottom of the peninsula is Singapore.
There were frightening rumors and in
dignant denials. A Dutch official back
in Saigon from tour of Southern Indo-
China gave it as his opinion that the
japanese would undertake a southwark
move in the very near future. In London,
however. Japanese said that Ambassador
Shigemitsu had reiterated to the For
eign Office Japan has no intention of
attacking Dutch or British territory. In
Toxic, Koh IShii, the government spokes-
man, said all would be we'll in the Far
East If the Americans and British would
change their tactics He said:
IF the American Government could
be persuaded to restrict its activities to
the Western Hemisphere and avoid caus-
ing anxiety unnecessarily in the minds
of the Japanese people, the situation
would be greatly mitigated.'
Neither London nor Washington acted
on the spokesman'S protestations. PreSl-
dent Roosevelt signed an executive order
setting up four Pacific areas and one
Caribbean in which ships and aircraft
may be operated only through express
regulation by the Secretary of the Navy.
II WaS step for tightening defense pre-
cautions at strategic points.
The Asiatic tension grew toward climax
Wednesday. Thousands Of Australian
soldiers and great num-
Aussies at bers of bombers and
e;,.,,o.o fighting planes arrived at
Singapore The arrival
of the Anzacs made of the Malay PENN
sula veritable powerhouse of military
Evening star., 1941-02-23
African Front

Where actual military combat was in
progress, it was a good week for the Brit
ish and their allies. The Greeks con-
tinued to gain successes in Albania. The
British won new victories in Africa-but
not in Libya, where action is quiet after
the great triumphs recorded by Gen.
Wavell's Army of the Nile in capturing
five Italian Libyan strongholds.
British armies advanced in two other
Italian areas-Somaliland and Ethiopia.
The British Middle East
SomoIIond command in Cairo an
Compoiqn nounced its troops had
smashed across the Juba
River in Italian Somaliland The Brit
ish held 10000 square miles of that colony
before the river was crossed. The fore
ing of the river followed five days Of
fighting against bitterly resisting Ital-
ians. Repeated r A. F bomb as
Saults on the Fascist positions helped to
clear the way for the British infantry.
With regard to the Ethiopian front,
an official announcement at Nairobi,
Kenya, said the Italian garrison at Mega,
in Southern Ethiopia. had capltulated
to South African troops This outpost
is 40 miles inside the Ethiopian border
from Kenya In Northwestern Ethiopia
the British reported continued success
for spreading revolt OF natives Of the
untamed CoJam province against the
Italians. The British have even dis
cussed the likelihood of their drive in
that region reaching Adds Ababa, Ethio-
plan capital. in a month.
Anthony Eden British Foreign Sec
retary, arrived in Cairo Thursday to dis
cuss matters involving big decisions"
with British and Egyptian authorities.
Evening star., 1941-02-23

the main routes of British shipping
from Australia to the Indian Ocean.
The Cuffs of Tonkin and of Siam,
both at present under the indisputable
control of the Japanese, could serve as
principal bases for the Japanese raiders.
An attack against Singapore and the
Dutch East Indies in the very near flu
ture would be too risky an operation
for the japanese, but raids by important
naval units can cause Britain even more
harm today than an attack on its Far
Eastern possessions.
The British Navy in the Far East Is
capable of taking care of isolated
raiders but it is too weak to meet the
menace of the entire japanese light
feet. The few cruisers, submarines and
the ore obsolete airplane carrier which
form the Far Eastern fleet of Great
Britain are not capable of protecting the
Pacific shipping lanes The Australian
government is concerned over the pos
sibility of Japanese airplanes or naval
vessels bombarding the principal naval
base. Port Darwin. Opinion in WASH
ington diplomatic quarters is that the
japanese will avoid. for the time being,
action which might be construed in this
country as an attack on the security Of
the Western Hemisphere.
Toxic fears that such an action might
give the United States an opening to
intervene. The strength of the Ameri-
can feet in the Pacific is such that
Japan will try to avoid any open conflict
with this country.
First Blow to Be at Greece.
But raids on the British conveys might
be frowned upon by the administration.
They will not be sufficiently spectacular
to arouse the American people into a
war frenzy. as Toxic expects to be the
case should the Japanese fleet and land
forces attack Singapore and the Dutch
East Indies possessions.
According to the available information
from Europe and Asia. the first military
action of the axis will be directed at
Greece. The date set appears to be
some time in March The attack against
Gibraltar will follow closely. The begin
ming of the spectacular blockade by air
and by sea depends somewhat on
weather conditions, but will not be de-
laved beyond the next five weeks.
These reports, with ample details, have
come TO the British general staff The
high command is doing its utmost to
counter the blows which it expects in the
course of the next few weeks. Airplanes
are being brought to Salonika as fast as
is humanly possible. The British East
ern command hopes to be able to strike
at the Rumanian oil fields and at the
Bulgarian railroads and airdromes be-
fore the Germans really get into action.
Evening star., 1941-02-23

Foreign Minister Matsuoka told Jap
anese newspapermen Friday that con-
tinued defense prepara-
Motsuoko's tions by Britain and the
Wornino United States in the South
Pacific would produce a
situation attended by considerable
danger" The British Embassy here dis
closed that American-made aircraft are
being flown to British forces in the Far
East from this country's Pacific Coast.
The stakes in the Far East as the pow
ers jockey are large A successful Jap
anese thrust at Singapore and Malaga
could cut off Australian communication
from England. That would leave Aus
traIia with effective friends only in
North America-the United States and
Canada.
What would be the American policy
with regard to the isolation of Aus
tralia? There is a remote possibility
that an answer will have to be found TO
this serious question. The events Of Feb
ruary 25 may shed some additional light
on what the Far Eastern developments
might be. That is the date for eXpira-
ton of the armiStice between Thailand
and Indo-China. Thailand was reported
Evening star., 1941-02-23

energy and increased expressions of off,
cial, press and popular confidence that
the empire now was ready to meet any
/ threat of an extension of the Japanese
threat to the South Pacific. The AuStral-
ianS arrived in Singapore completely
equipped to reinforce British and Malay
troops guarding the great base. In
months to come their presence there
may be of the greatest significance in
giving pause to Japan and spelling what
evidently is the German plan for divert
ing English strength from the European
front by inspiring an AsiatiC rumpuS.
The British are taking preventive meas
ureS in the Far East. They have aban-
doned for good their old policy of ap-
peasing Japan
The Japanese contended that the
British were attempting to create Far
Eastern crisis, but at the same time they
continued slow military movement
southwark Five hundred additional
japanese troops were landed at Hanoi,
French Indo-China, without advance no.
tice to the French authorities. The Jap
anese are mediating the dispute between
Indo-Chna and Thailand, which lies
conveniently close to the Malay The
Thailand government announced that
one japanese destroyer, the Yugure, was
at the mouth of the Bangkok River. tax
ing on water and supplies, and that two
others, the Ariake and the Sikure, would
arrive during the week for the same pur-
pose The Associated Press correspon-
dent in Saigon heard reports that the
japanese had two fleets in the Gulf of
Siam.
The United States Wednesday pro-
vided the japanese with a new cause for
concern. The House ap-
Guam and proved a naval bill author
S,,,o, izing the expenditure of
S470O000 on improving our
base on the island of Guam, in the
Western Pacific. Admiral Kichisaburo
Nomura the new japanese Ambassador
here observed:
I'VE don't like to see naval and air
bases established near us. especially by
a great power like the United States.
oUt VIC IcGOSII4GS llldI 1udul anu OdlIlOd
are American territories and We have no
right to interfere"
Improved defense works for Samoa in
the South Pacific were also voted by
the House.
AS the week approached its end. re-
ports continued to reach here from Asia
OF ever greater japanese moves toward
the south Sources in Shanghai said
that japanese Army contingents. packed
Evening star., 1941-02-23
Bottle for Britain

The Luftwaffe and British air retalia-
tive inaction last week. London heard
air raid alarms and Calais was bombed.
There was little else until yesterday
when a fierce air battle was waged
above Dover Strait. On the sea, how
ever, it was another story. Germany
claimed a major triumph in sinking
supply ships bound for England.
Evening star., 1941-02-23
Aussies at
Singapore
BRITISH MOVE ON SALONIKA IS ENV|SIONED
Hore BeIsho Says Expedition Is Necessary

LONDON.-Like XerXes. impeded in
his march against the Athenians by
stormy seas which had broken his bridges
and boats across the Dardanelles, Hitler,
nearly $500 years later, bent on an ex-
pedition with the same punitive intent,
is halted BY the frozen Danube. The
foes scatter. his pontoons.
In 48O B C. the angered XerXes gave
command that the Hellespont be
scourged with 300 lashes. In 194l Hitler,
equally impatient with the elements.
dynamltes and bombs the retarding
blocks of ice. Soon, however, the soften
ing influences of spring will melt the
obstacles in his path and his maSSed
formations, proceeding southwark, will
find themselves in lines of battle pre-
pared for them by those industrious
tourists and "technicians, who, in ac-
COrdance with Nazi thoroughness and
circumspection, have been pioneers of
the advance.
Against this ominous background I, e
Turks unexpectedly signed pact with
The Bulgarian government. This is not
the first agreement which these two ma
lions have concluded, nor is there any
novel stipulation in its clauses.
The groupings of the Balkan states
toward a common understanding and
.2glon2l security make troubled story.
N 1920 the little entente was formed
among Czecho-SloVakia, YugOSlaVia and
Gumania as a protection against Hun
garian claims upon them. The National
socialist revolution in Germany drew
these states more closely together.
Balkan Pacts.
Greece and Turkey in 1888 entered
INTO treaty of guarantee and mutual
assistance, directed in the first instances
against possible Bulgarian encroachment
in Greece. Subsequently, a pact of mu-
Iual underStanding-the Balkan pact
brought Turkey, Greece, Rumania and
YugoSlayia together for joint protection
of their common interests. Greece and
Turkey asserted this instrument was not
to involve either of them in war with
any great power.
1t will be seen that neither Hungary
nor Bulgaria, both of whom had pre-
tension to the territories of their neigh
bors, participated in any of these agree
ments. After the absorption by the Reich
of Austria and echo-Slovakia, Hungary
drifted more and more completely into
the Nazi orbit. Bulgaria, however, in
January, 1887, signed pact of perpetual
friendship with YugoslaVia, and in July,
1888, non-aggreSsion pact with all four
Balkan pact powers.
She was not asked to guarantee exist
ing frontiers-that is, to abandon her
claims on Southern Dobrudja, which
Evening star., 1941-02-23

last week to be making pressing prepa-
rations against the possibility that peace
negotiations will fail. If war is re-
opened between Thailand and Indo-
China. Japan may take steps to the as
sistance of Thaland.
Evening star., 1941-02-23

The Navy ants the starter toward making Guam de-
bdSethe turtheSt westward all naval
strategy most
blockade The blockade line the Siberian
Kamhatka Peninsula Singapore all Of the
HeneS to the the world import e
u A. P.
Evening star., 1941-02-23
By Leslie Hore.BeHSha,
Former British Minister of War.

have, by the recent axis award at Vienna,
been met at Rumania'S expense. Nor
was she asked to forsake her aspiration
to an outlet on the Aegean. 1t was
plainly implied however, that no change
should be brought about by force.
The painstaking efforts of 20 years at
length seemed to have brought a har-
monious solution to Balkan differences
and to have consolidated Rumania. Yu-
goslavia, Greece, Bulgaria and Turkey
into a single bloc 1t was left to the
trouble-seeking dictators of Germany
and Italy to exploit the flaw in these
arrangements.
While the states concerned had under
taken to respect each others integrity
and combine against an act of violation
by any one of their number, the extent
to which they would stand together if
an outside power participated in an act
of violation was left in doubt. 1t was as
if a great fortress had been built with
untiring labor and infinite care, but upon
an inverted strategic principle. All de-
1,1ses had been pointed inwards. 1t
the efore was open to attack from with
out.
YugoSlavia Next.
When Greece was assaulted by Italy,
she received no support from her neigh
bors. Likewise when Runania was first
partitioned, then occupied, she could
claim no succor from her partners in the
Balkan pact. If the turn of Yugoslavia
is to come, will her treaties offer any
better security?
1t has been reported that she has been
invited to surrender three of her de-
partments to Hungary and five to Bull
garia, and if she be compliant that she
will be compensated with slice of
Albania and portion of Greece.
What, in the circumstances, are we to
make of the pact between Turkey and
Bulgaria? The first clause provides that
the two governments are to abstain from
any aggression against each other. But
that they have already contracted to do.
The crucial question which must be
asked is what will Turkey do in the
event of Germany using Bulgarian soil
as a base for warlike operations. The
same question is relevant to the second
clause, which provides that the two gov
ernments are to maintain good neigh
borly relations.
When in the third clause the two gov
ernments declare themselves ready to
seek appropriate means to develop trade
relations to the greatest extent compat-
ible with their economic structure. it
must be candidly realized that Bulgaria
now is only a subsidiary of the Reich.
She may still be permitted to do business
In her own name, but the profits will be
Evening star., 1941-02-23

the Pacific distance No adequately
impressive this great Shou
all OF it distorted.
ha WeSern
projecting Defense
5uttng like
q to Guam
explains at glance the for the proposed ndUGt
Guam.
Evening star., 1941-02-23
Balkan Front

1t was an omnous, earth-shaking week
in another quarter of the globe, the
Balkans, which were made apprehensive
Monday by a non-ag-
Turk BuIeor gression treaty signed
Agreement between Bulgaria and
Turkey. The immedi-
ate deduction was that thespact opened
the way 'lto Bulgaria for the German
legions massed in Rumania. just north
of Bulgaria; paved the road for Ger
many TO Greece and melted the prospect
of Turkish resistance to any German
threat toward the Dardanelles, controlled
by Turkey, and beyond. However. Lon
don and AnKara both repudiated this
view Of the ueaty. Turkey insisted that
the treaty strengthened the Bulgarian
determination not TO admit the Germans.
The Balkan critical period did not
The Waterbury Democrat., 1941-07-31
NOTICE

EILEEN DARcEY MORAN, of WA TERBURY, Plaintiff, JOHN HENRY MORAN, formerly of said WATERBURY, now of parts unknown, Defendant