davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1941-06-19

military meas Mai. G. Fielding Eliot.
ures have been decided upon, the
way to prevent unnecessary blood
shed is to bring them to a success
full conclusion as quickly as possible.
This is lesson which many poll
ticianS seem to find it difficult to
learn. 1t is especially applicable to
the Orient, where hesitation and
willingness to negotiate instead of
fighting are too often interpreted
as signs of weakness, whereas bold
ness even with inferior forces has
time and again brought the most
surprising successes. With their
centuries of experience in Asiatic
warfare. one would have supposed
the British to be the last to fail
to apply this principle. Hence one
hesitates to criticize. The actual
situation in Syria may be quite diff
ferent from the impressions formed
by available news dispatches and
communiques. But on the face of
things. it does seem highly unfortu-
nate that after more than a week
Of operations no place of conse-
quence, neither Damascus nor Bel
rut nor Aleppo, has fallen into the
hands Of the invaders. Every days
delay reduces the value of final
success, while the effect of failure
or stalemate would be catastrophe.
De Gaulle Prestige at Stake.
A successful defense of Syria
against the British and Free French
would bring the prestige of the latter
about to extinction. Another Dakar
would be fatal to De Gaulle, espe-
cially since his personal prestige is
involved by his presence in the Mid
die East. 1t would be interesting to
know how far his influence has con-
trolled the conduct of operations and
is responsible for the hesitation and
apparent unwillingness to hit hard.
4ildU DC SdQllC Is q COlllHCICAI SOl-
dier there seems little reason to
doubt. There is somewhat more
occasion to question his ability to
lead great political movement, or
to form accurate estimates of situa-
tions involving other than military
elements.
If the movement represented by
him were to acquire Syria and per-
haps more territory in Africa. and
we're to attain sufficient authority to
claim recognition as the true repre-
sentative of the French people, it is
to be hoped that expanding re-
sponsibility and power will not only
have a beneficial effect on Gen. De
Gaulle himself but will attract to
the Free French standard French
men of great political standing and
competence than have yet appeared
among his supporters.
Evening star., 1941-06-19
This Changing World
Failure Of British-Free French Forces to Win
Syria Quickly Worries U. S. Military Observers

During the first days Of &C
ton, a number Of officers did
60 over to the British. But as
the advance progressed the COM
manders of the larger Vichy units
decided they would hold out and
there have been no more defec-
tions on the part OF the younger
officers.
In the meantime the composite
French-British force suffered Sc
riouS losses-not in men but IN
tanks and armored cars. The
French aviation was strengthened
by units from Tunisia and even
from France. The Germans per-
mitted their Vichy associates to
use a number of modern planes
which had been diSmantled after
the defeat of last year. Pilots,
prisoners in Germany, were liber-
ated and they joined their old
units. These men were sent to
Syria to defend it against their
former ally and did a good job.
French Submarines Intervene.
The planned landing on the
coast between Haifa in Palestine
and Beirut, together with a
frontal attack against that prin-
cipal Lebanese city. failed. French
submarines we're rushed from
Toulon and Bizerte by Admiral
Darlan with the whole-hearted
approval of Herr Hitler. The
presence of these submarines
made the landing operation i'm
possible. Furthermore, the air
reinforcements received by Gen.
Dentz made the French aviation
in Syria the equal of that of the
British. 1t is reported without
confirmation, however, that Ger
man planes have lent a hand to
the French.
The battle for the French
inundated territory continues.
Reports from Cairo and London
say that despite the unfortunate
delay, the chances that Syria
would fall into the hands of the
Evening star., 1941-06-19

military aviation has reached
point where it can no longer be
treated as merely part of the
other services. For the United
States to have its utmost air de-
fense, he holds, the air force
must be ar independent organi-
zation. That is just where he
differs with many military and
naval men, and with many men,
bers of Congress.
Sky Is the Limit.
Congress has authorized $4,000
planes, 10000 for the Army and
10000 for the Navy, including all
types. AS a matter of fact, during
the present emergency, "the sky's
the limit" on the number OF
planes for the Army and Navy,
depending on how many may be
considered necessary. This tre-
mendous air force will require a
large personnel, both of pilots
and of ground forces, along with
many air bases and ports.
Naval and military tacticians
insist, however. that no matter
how large the air force may be-
come, it is essential they remain
integral parts of Navy and the
Army. Particularly is this so
with regard to the Navy, whose
problems are different from those
of land force. Chairman Vim
son of the House Naval Affairs
Committee is, he says, convinced
it would be disastrous mistake
to attempt to take from the Navy
its air arm and place it under a
Separate department of aviation.
Evening star., 1941-06-19

hcult to escape
tn e suspicion
that there has
been too much
political inter-
ference with the
military. The
reasons for de-
string S u C C e S S
with as little ef-
fusion Of either
French or Syr-
ian blood as
possible are ap-
parent, but once
Evening star., 1941-06-19

ished riding in
all of the COM
bat vehicles OF
the I'd Armored
Division of the
U. S. Army.
There is an
ache for every
bone.
Ny only con-
ISOLATION is that
for every ache
and bruise I
have, there is a
pine tree that
feels uOrSe NV
Evening star., 1941-06-19
By CONSTANTINE BROWN.

The situation in the Eastern
Mediterranean continues to worry
most American military observ-
ers. Damascus and Beirut should
have fallen shortly after the be-
ginning of the attack by the
British Free French forces. The
belief that the whole of Syria
would be in Britain's hands with
in a week was due to the con-
viction that the officers leading
the Vichy forces would put up
only a half-hearted defense and
would 60 over to their liberators
after offering only a token re-
sistance. AS a matter of fact,
the whole campaign was based
on the belief that the French
Colonial officers officers would
rather fight on the side of Gen.
Evening star., 1941-06-19

the supporters of the McCarran
plan contender not, there is
no slightest doubt that the air
strength of this country is max
ing great strides today under
existing jurisdiction. The Army
a G. H. @. Air Force. 1t has an
Assistant Secretary of War for
Air, Robert A. Lovett, and the Air
Corps today occupies practically
an autonomous status, so far as
planning and administration are
concerned.
Evening star., 1941-06-19

1t Is precisely this misuse Of the
defense program to carry. on eco
nomic warfare in America which is
intensifying the Battle of Wash
ington" and sabotaging the progress
of defense work.
Reproduction Risht Rsserved)
Evening star., 1941-06-19

IN q II a 8 e m enL
TX 9 C u t ives of
american indus
try. 1t Is a battle
not always visi-
BILE to the eye,
but nevertheless
1t goes to the
h G art of tn e
question of ma
tional unity and
efficient effort
for war.
It remained for
Secretary Ickes
IN his testimony
Evening star., 1941-06-19
Officers Indorsed

Reelection of the national officers
of the American Federation of Gov
ernment Employees. headed by James
B. Burns, is urged by Internal Reve-
nue. Lodge At in resolution made
public today. The federation meets
in st. Paul, September 8.
Evening star., 1941-06-19
BY MAI. GEORGE FIELDING
ELIOT.

AS the Allied push into Syria re-
mains stalled before Damascus and
fails to gain ground elsewhere, with
counter attacks developing, it is diff
Evening star., 1941-06-19
likely every day that fighting In

Syria goes on, by every day that ad-
ditional pressure can be brought to
bear on the Vichy government as to
the need for relieving their gallant
garrison.
(Copyright 1941. by New York Tribune, Inc)
Evening star., 1941-06-19

necessarily The stars Such opinions presented IN The
Stars effort to gtDe all sides OF questions OF interest to It's
readers although such opinions may be contradictory
themselves and directly opposed to The Stars.
Evening star., 1941-06-19
|McLemore
Punzer Unit Provides
A Few Ride Thrills
By HENRY McLEMORE.

FORT BENNING, Ga.-There are
16, ,467 bones in the human body or
Is more than in the adult shad.
I know, because I have just fln-
Evening star., 1941-06-19

OF Industry
Seen as Goal
lekes Testimony
Held Revelation
Of Objective
BY DAVID LAWRENCE.

For several months the battle of
Washington" has been going on be-
tween the politicians and bureau
Gratis on the one hand and the
Evening star., 1941-01-20

ton reserved for the presidential
party were Raymond Massey, actor
known for his portrayal of Abraham
Lincoln roles. and Charles Chaplin,
the film comedian
Immediately after the vice presi-
dental oath came the main event.
Chief Justice Charles Evans Hughes
stepped forward on the presidential
platform IN front OF the Capitol.
wearing the black robe and skull
cap of his judicial Office, and ad-
mIniStered the oath-hardly differ
ent from that taken by the humblest
Government clerk in Washington.
1t was 12:11l2 pm, Eastern stand
ard time.
As he took the oath, Mr.. Roose-
velt stood at the arm of his son,
James, attired in his Marine cap
tain'S uniform.
Above the stand few the Stars
and Stripes and the Presidents own
blue and gold flag.
The light breeze ruffled Mr. Roose-
velts graying hair as he spoke.
Surrounded by Family.
The President stood surrounded
by his family-four generations of
Roosevelts-his mother, all his five
children, and four of the 10 grand
children. Around him on the plat
form were seated as his special
guests:
Mrs. James Roosevelt, the Crown
Prince and Crown Princess of Nor
way, Frederic A Delano, Mrs. Price
Collier. Capt. James Roosevelt, Mr..
and Mrs. John Boettiger, Mr.. and
Mrs. Elliott Roosevelt, Miss Chand-
Ter Roosevelt, Elliott Roosevelt, jr.,
Mr.. and Mrs. Franklin D. RooSe-
welt, jr., Mr.. and Mrs John Roosevelt,
Mrs. Gushing Roosevelt, Miss Kate
Roosevelt. Miss Sara Roosevelt, Mrs.
Edwin M. Watson. Mrs. Stephen T.
Early, Mrs. Marvin H. Mcintyre,
Miss Marguerite A. LELAND, Miss
Malvina c. Thompson. Miss Grace
Tully, Mrs. J. M. Helm and Miss
Diana Hopkins.
No one can read Mr.. Roosevelt's
inner thoughts, but perhaps never
before has man stood in position
replete with so much personal hap
piness and triumph.
He had risen early and breakfast
ed, according to his custom, in bed,
Evening star., 1941-01-20

chatting with aides and greeting
members Of his family. He ap-
peared in perfect health for the
occasion.
He has passed to the capitol
through streets gayly decorated with
-fiecked bunting and thronged
with his countrymen from all over
the Union
There were clouds of grave and
bitter issues behind the horizons
of the day. But today even the
acrlmony over Americas part in
the war seemed temporarily to have
been set aside II was Mr.. Roose-
velt's day of personal triumph.
There was no echo of the bitter
ness of the election two months
ago. Even his opponent, in knight
ly fashion. now had conferred with
him. largely agreed with him and,
in a sense, enlisted in his cause. He
had just hidden a fond good-by
to this Wendell L. Willkie. about
to depart for bomb shattered Eng
land.
This mid-January day brought
probably the most auspicious in
auguration weather Washington has
known.
The bitter cold of last night was
broken early by bright sun in an
Evening star., 1941-01-20

prayer service, which he himself
had requested in keeping with a
precedent set eight years ago. rested
with the President as he began his
brief inaugural address whose OPEN
ing passages indicated that it might
we'll turn out one of the great state
orations in history.
There was little short of venera-
ton in the upturned faces of the
crowd. They seemed TO sense
mystic light in the countenanCe of
the man who was speaking "a
countenanCe grown older and gentler
from eight years of crashing ways
of life and principalities and powers
Wallace Takes Oath of Office.
First came the administration of
the oath of Office as Vice President
to Mr.. Wallace, administered ac-
cording to custom by Vice PreSi-
dent John N. Garner. for two terms
the Presidents running mate. Now
the blunt, practical Texan was step
ping aside for the man selected by
Mr.. Roosevelt himself TO share his
burdens in this new, strange time
the philosopher and scholar and
precedent-breaker. This ceremony
was Immediately after noon.
The Senate and House met at
1130 am, the Senate to hear
speeches and adopt a resolution
eulogizing Mr. Gamers eight years
as presiding officer: the House for
routine business. The membership
of both bodies then filed out to
outdoor stands for the inaugural
ceremony.
Mr. Roosevelt left the White House
for the Capitol at ll:40 am. Riding
with him in his open car were
Speaker Rayburn and Senator Bark
ley. Mr.. Rayburn sat in the middle
Mrs. Roosevelt followed in the
second car; Mr.. Garner was in the
next car, and Mr. Wallace and Mrs.
Wallace came next.
Samuel, how are you?" the Presi-
dent asked as Mr.. Rayburn entered
the car with him.
"Alben, can you get in there?'
the President asked Senator Bar
kley as he took his place.
A wedge of motorcycle policemen
preceded the White House encourage,
their apex in the center of Penn
sylvania avenue and ends brushing
almost to the ropes.
-Four Army trucks laden with
anti-aircraft machine-gunS paral-
leled the presidential procession.
Thousands along the parade
route stamped and shouted as the
President rode by, waving his high
silk hat merrily in spite of the cold
breezes disarraying his hair.
Crowds Cheers Uproarious.
Mr.. Roosevelt reached the Capitol
at 11:53 am, amid uproarious cheers
of a crowd estimated by Capt. Will
liam S. Orthman of the Capitol
police at more than $4,000.
Among those seated in the Sec
Evening star., 1941-01-20

Berlin and the National Symphony
Orchestra under the direction of DR..
Hans Kinder.
A distinguished audience, includ-
ing Mrs. Franklin D. Roosevelt and
Vice President elect Henry A. Wall
lace heard and saw the program, the
final half hour of which was broad
cast over all three radio networks.
Governors Cf 81 States met with
members Of the Office of produce
ton management, the Army's chief
Of staff and the chief of naval
operations last night to hear first
hand the part their States are eX-
pected to play in defense operations.
Greatest emphasis was placed on
the need for subcont-acting defense
orders. Secretary of War Stimson
declared at the conclusion of the
dinner at the Carlton Hotel that
I'VE have had very full and free
discussion of defense progress in
the United States and We had very
interesting and valuable opinions
and suggestions from our guests"
A distinguished representation OF
the political leaders of the Nation
from nearly all the States gathered
| in the Capital during the afternoon
| and evening.
| Gov. Herbert L. Lehman of New
York was accompanied by Mrs.
Lehman, his son and daughter i'm
law, Mr.. and Mrs. Peter Lehman;
his sister-in-laN, Mrs. Arthur Leh-
man; Mr.. and Mrs Richard Bernard,
his secretary, Walter T. Brown, and
! Adjt. Gen. Ames T. Brown.
Large Michigan Delegation.
/ Newly elected Governor and Mrs.
Murray D. Van Wagner of Michi-
gan brought with them a large dele
cation of prominent Michigan lead
ers, including 1t. Gov and Mrs.
Frank Murphy, State Highway Com
missioner and Mrs G. Donald Ken
nedy, Budget Director Leo NoWicki,
State Advisory Board Secretary
Wendell Lund, Democratic State
Committee Chairman and Mrs.
Charles S. Porritt, Vice Chairman
Mrs. Elizabeth Belan. National Com
mitteeWoman Mrs Howell Van Au-
ken, Federal Housing Administrator
Raymond NJ Foley Judge Joseph
Murphy, United States District At
torney John Lehr, Civil Service Com
missioner George Burke and Senator
Burns.
Gov. and Mrs. W. H. Wills Of
Vermont were accompanied by their
daughter Anne, Brig. Gen. Leonard
Wing and Mrs. Wing and Col Muir
dock Campbell and Mrs. Campbell.
The Delaware delegation here vas
tSee INAUGURAL, page A
Evening star., 1941-01-20

almost cloudless sky and only in the
shadows was there a biting chill in
the air.
1t was in striking contrast to
the last three inaugurations-the
drenching March rain of 1929, the
damp, gray chill in keeping with
the occasion of 1888, the driving
January storm of the first mid
winter ceremony in 1887.
Cold had been predicted. Visitors
came well prepared for it with fox
and mink coats and armfuls of
blankets. They were handy, but
not indispensable, for those who sat
long hours on the edges of sidewalks
for the parade to start. For the
marchers it was ideal, with Just
enough chill in the air to whet the
appetites.
All along the route police-the
regular Washington force augmented
by special details from Baltimore,
Philadelphia and New York-lined
the way. Secret service men min
gled with the crowds and were sta
toned on roofs.
There was a heavy influx of out
of-town visitors this morning and
available rooms, even in private
homes, were nearly exhausted
although there had been plenty the
night before.
Yesterday afternoon and evening
were filled with pre-inaugural
events and festivities. The first
official event of the program was
held during the afternoon at the
Court of Freedom in front of the
White HOuSe-an interdenomina-
tional religious service sponsored by
the Committee on Religious Life in
| the Nations Capital. A Jewish rabbi
minister pleaded for a spiritual
unity of the country founded on
the common fatherhood of God, in
this hour of crisis.
Service Held for Guardsmen.
During the afternoon, an impress
sive service was held at the Wash
ington Cathedral for all the mem
bers of the District National Guarc
not already in training camps.
Your loyalty is now indispen.
sable as never before in your coun.
try's history" Bishop James E
Freeman told them. The MARTA
music of the l21st Engineers Banc
sounded through the high-vaultec
choir.
Two hundred and seventy of tht
53l electors who cast the officia
votes in the presidential ballotins
last November we're here today Il
watch the ceremonies at the Capito
and the parade as special guests O
the Inaugural Committee They vii
be received also at the White House
New Precedent Is Set.
The electors and their friend
celebrated last night at the Nav
flower with banquet. attended b,
Mrs. Roosevelt, Vice President-elec
and Mrs. Wallace, Chairman Flynl
OF the Democratic National Com
mlttee ana number Of Justices 0
the Supreme Court and members o
the cabinet.
The history making third tern
inauguration program set a new pre-
cedent IA entertainment last nigh
in Constitution Hall. with presenta
ton Of an Inaugural Gala sub
stltute for the grand balls of pas
inaugurationE.
Douglas Fairbanks. jr.. was mas
ter OF ceremonies in place Of Rober
E. Sherwood, who was stricken Will
influenza. Performers included
Singers, Rise Stevens, Nelson Edo
and the Golden Gate Quartet; dra
matte stars, Mickey Rooney. Ray
mond Massey, Ethel Barrymore an,
Charlie Chaplain; SongWriter Irwin
Evening star., 1941-01-20

inauguration ceremonies. A few
minutes after the Governors had
shaken hands with the Chief EXecu-
tive and the first lady, members of
the electoral college were received
At the final event of the crowded
day ct the White House, several
thousand guests were received for
late afternoon tea. Many of these
were among the group that had
lunched in the Executive Mansion
earlier in the afternoon.
President Roosevelt took his oath
over and old Dutch Bible. a family
heritage, dramatically opened at
the 18th chapter of First Corin-
thianS, the 18th verse.
And now abideth faith, hope,
charity, these three: but the great
est of these is charity"
A Pact With Free Men Everywhere.
And over the airwayS of the earth
went the words of his oath to a
world strangely shorn of charity
and men listened and took heart in
dark cellars and secret closets in
France and Holland, in Denmark
and Poland, and on street corners in
London, where the sun was going
down.
Never before has an American
ceremony been so transcendently a
world event.
Franklin D. Roosevelt's oath-and
the crowd mystically sensed twas
more than pact with his own
130000,000 countrymen and coun-
tryWomen. It was pact with man.
kinds ancient dream of freedom for
the human spirit. It was a pact
with free men everywhere.
To Defend Constitution.
The words that he spoke were
these:
Il do solemnly swear that I will
faithfully execute the office of
President of the United States, and
will, to the best of my ability, pre-
serve, protect and defend the Con-
stitution of the United States"
The President had just come from
historic st. Johns Church, where
Madison. Monroe, John Quincy
Adams, Jackson and Harrison had
sought counsel of the Lord in other
dark days. He had heard the AL
mighty beseeched: With Thy favor
to behold and bless Thy servant
Franklin, the President OF the
United States, and all others in au-
thority; and so replenish them with
the grace of Thy Holy Spirit that
they may always incline to Thy will
and walk in Thy way"
Service Follows Precedent of 1892.
He had joined in the responsive
reading of the solemn goth Psalm:
Some put their trust in chariots
and some in horses, but we will re-
member the name of the Lord our
God"
Mr.. Roosevelt sat next to the
aisle in the second pew of the
church.
With him were Mrs. Roosevelt,
wearing an American red wool
dress, his 83-year-old mother in
black fur coat, and other members
of his family. The new Vice Presi-
dent, Henry A. Wallace, accom-
panied by Mrs. Wallace; Speaker
Rayburn, Senator Barkley of Ken
lucky and retiring Vice President
John N. Garner. Cabinet members
and other high officials were in their
pews awaiting the President.
After the services the President
left the church on the arm of his
son James. He was bareheaded
and without an overcoat. He paused
for moment to talk with the three
officiating clergymen, while the
crowd massed around the historic
old church burst into cheers.
The inspiration of the simple