davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily monitor. (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1940-1942, 1941-02-14
chrysler Adopts
Foreign Guns q.
70 u. 5. Use

oDETRoIT. Feb. l4-(R-A
machine gun designed from :
'forefsn" make and Z new
liQuid-cooled" airplane motor
may be produced by Chrysler
Corporation for national defense.
The corporation, In Z financial
letter today TO stockholders.
touched upon it, contributions %
defen2e and disclosed that stud
iss were being made TO adapt the,
machine gun TO United States
army Ases e.sF ,isss J
Z References 10 both the mach
Inc gum and the liquid cooled
plane motor were brief. II was
stated, however, that the work
on the machine rum WA being
done with Z view toward manu-
featuring the weapon Sin sub
stantial quantities'' and that thu
Army Air Crops was showing
some interest" In the new air.
craft motor.
Z Regarding finances, the report
announced that net income OF
Chrysler and it, wholly owned
United States subsidiaries Tor
1910 was 81, 800, 40 20, after
all charges and taxes, eQual %
$3.50 3 share. In 1880 net income
was $36,7Se, $40. equal 70 9S.A0
Z share. Ass
Operations Of foreign com.
panies were excluded from the
consolidated statements. The.
corporation laid this % ''incraae.
ing exchange rsstrictions'' ana
"other possible influences of Ne
war In Europe"
From New York Il was an
nounced that directors had voted
q dividend Of $50 . share on
common stock, payable March -
to holders Of record Feb. -. a
$f.5e dividend was voted n
December and = 91.26 dividend
1t this tint lAst year.
The daily monitor. (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1940-1942, 1941-02-14
Officers Leaves
Ships Scurry @ ! 4 ] !
AussreIien. Y. s. Wessisss I
70 Gloom Of Far Fest Nst6e@olU

nMANILA, Feb. l4-lR)-war
nervousness heightened in the
Philippines today with Ameri-
cans seeking passage homeward
In increased numbers In the
wake of Developments which in
cluded the sudden return Of q
Dutch ship to the safety Of q
neutral harbor and orders cam
ceiling the return Of army Of
ficers to the United States.
Steamship companies reported
they were not having trouble
handling first class bookinss
but tourist classes were booked
full for several months in adj
vance.
Other events bringing fresh
anxiety 10 this American posses
sion lying within the fringe Of
the oriental trouble zone includ-
ed:
l. The state departments re-
newed advice to Americans to
leave the orient.
2. An earlier than planned
movement homeward from Ma
Mia Of wives and children Of
United States Army officers.
3. The warning given 1t Sgd
ney, Australia, by n. w. Fad
den, deputy prime minister, that
grave adviceS had been receive
ed concerning the siAntion In
the Pacific.
The unexpected return late
yesterday Of the Dutch merchant
ship Tjitjalegka, and Ire orders
TO army officers caace1llna earl
Ter orders for return q United
States, heightened coneern 1irst
felt when It Wa learned army
families hid advanced plans for
departure.
The daily monitor. (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1940-1942, 1941-02-14
Plan Large
Army Drill
for Summer

ONEW YORK. Feb. l4-@-
Lieut.. Gen. Hugh A. Drum,
commanding general Of the first
army, announced today that
1.-The most comprehensive and
exacting maneuvers ever held
in the United States in peace
time are planned for the first
army this summer"
At q press conference he said
that between 100000 and $780,
600 men would take part In the
maneuvers, to be held some
where in the south. The exact
time and place were not disclos-
ed.
The daily monitor. (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1940-1942, 1941-02-14

TROOP 10 Of Girl Scouts met
yesterday sitter school. Eleanor
Blake, our leader. has just re-
turned from Florida, and we are
30 glad 70 have her back.
We have been learning sew
eral folk dances, and are plan
ming Z party late In February.
We have nearly finished our
second class work, and plan
soon to start eur first-class
work.
Jean Schutt, Scribe.
JOSEPH M. NORTH, Glen
wood road, Is being congratulate
ed upon the occasion Of his
birthday today. He and Mrs.
NORTH will entertain at q din
ner party this evening, their
guests including Mr.. and Mrs.
Charles Barber Of Plymouth,
and Mr.. and Mrs. Grey Reece Of
Detroit.
MR. AND MRS. JAMES
GOBBLE, 80 Leonore street, are
celebrating their sixth wedding
anniversary today.
The daily monitor. (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1940-1942, 1941-02-14
c1htes I NJ lissb ard
Ckosoee csUolsy

OQeoGge ". rsacoclk u -
linA charges sxtrsme cruelty Y
Z aiit ~ filed II circuit eoel5t
tcday asking : divorce 1tosA M
VIII, mlna. n y. " n
IT. n60plo Wa mnr1t1d ~
March n 1e3o. and s1pafG1o6
On NV. ~ 1910, Peoeoek 60
custody o1 hh daughter, aeed III.
The daily monitor. (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1940-1942, 1941-02-14
Girl Scout News

TROOP 5 Of Girl Scouts met
at Macomb school Wednesday
afternoon after school. Plans
were made for . visit to the Of
fices Of the Daily Monitor some
time next week. We also made
plans for the Juliette Low ban
quet to be held In March. The
meeting was closed with songs,
God Bless America" and
TAPS"
Ann Selich, Scribe.
The daily monitor. (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1940-1942, 1941-02-14
Salpation Army
Directors Feted

OAdj. and Mrs. George Bellamy,
new directors Of the local Saliva
ton Army unit, were surprised
at q complimentary dinner hon.
oring them at the army home
last night.
The daily monitor. (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1940-1942, 1941-02-14
Battery Is Stolen
from PARKED Car

oCecil Adams 81 Macomb
street. told police today that
battery-valued q $27 - was
stolen from his automobile
while II was parked In the Kro-
Ger Parking lot sometime be-
tween : o'clock and 7:ss last
night.
The daily monitor. (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1940-1942, 1941-02-14
RulnneytoRun
For Regent
Detroit Business Man
Active u. Of M.
Alumnus

Detroit, Mich.-Mason p. Rumnsy.
Vice President Of the Detroit Stssi
Products Company, who graduated
from the snginssring college Of the
Univsrsity Of Michigan with The class
Of 1907, 10 being actively sdvocstsd
The daily monitor. (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1940-1942, 1941-02-14

Frankfurt, Germany, has au-
tomato machines which supply
printed weather forecasts for
the subsequent ~ hours.
The daily monitor. (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1940-1942, 1941-02-14
Successful Solids

FOR successful salads, besides
. good dressing, be sure the
leaves are thoroughly cleaned.
dried, crisp and cold, and each
leaf well coated on both sides
with the dressing.
The daily monitor. (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1940-1942, 1941-02-14

.AAnthony .Urso.. Of Selfridge
Field, was granted an uncon-
tested divorce from his wife,
Tosca, this morning by Circuit
Judge James e. Spier when he
charged desertion. The couple
was married in Sept, 1885 and
separated in March of 1885.
The daily monitor. (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1940-1942, 1941-02-14

Soe the Republican Nominatioa Ibe
Regent Of the Univsrsity, b. . large
group Of Michigan Alumni, business
men and civic leaders interested In the
welfare Of the Univsssity. HIS qualiA-
cations, according 10 Jamse n. (Pst)
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-12-04
~ BOARDING THE NEW
X WAR DEBT Mr.. Ru-
keyser saws:

"Foreign Secretary An
thony Eden, in debate IN
the British House of Com
mons, strongly implied that
IN her present maritime
relations ruth Great Brit
ain. the United States as
cast IA the role Of Uncle
Sap, not Uncle Shylock.
"Repiying to a charge By
John McGouern that when
this is all orer the United
States WiH hold as brit
diH1 IN tQdnctdt bondage,
Mr.. Eden Significantly re-
Piled: That is not true.
Under the leose-iend ar
rdngemeHt+ tHerRTs-F0 ac-==
counting and no debt piliHg
up
While that assurance
mdy hare been intended to
bolster British morale, II
obttonSfg 1rds not desirable
for American consumption.
accordingly, an 'au-
hOritatipe sour, late.
sought to take some of the
curse of Mr.. Edea'S re-
marks by pointing cut that
under the leaSe-iend tech
aiQue Britain is Of course
committed TO return or re-
place everything she re-
cpjJce
NJ =. Eden admission is
doubtless more significant
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-12-04
NAZI SHOWDOWN

II was admitted that an avenue
of escape for the Germans still is
open in the Tnhruk area but it
was believed that German Gen.
Erwin Rommel has decided upon
showdown rather than a With
drawal through this narrow cor
ridor.
In preparation for the coming
fight - British adpieeS said the
Germans already have started to
dig themselves into the desert.
1t seems clear that the British,
having hemmed the Germans along
the coast, now will attempt to
drive them into the sea or at least
to positions within range of the
guns of British warships roaming
up and down the coastline.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-12-04
NaZiS Reel
Back ON
3FrOnfS
Continued from Page One)

tContinued from rage One)
Russians were said 10 have hurled
the Germans from the Important
city of x" north of Stalnogorsk.
The newspaper Pravda said that
the Nazis were retreating in the
of Stalinogorsk.
Pravda added, however. that in
the VoiokolamSk sector the Rus
SLAMS evacuated number of
villages and the. situation there
remained grave" ~Other, advices
told of terrific German SesSure
in the Volokolamsk area.
II was conceded that the
situation on the Mozhaisk sector,
due west of Moscow, was eX-
tremely serious.
At lula, 40 miles south of
Moscow. the fighting was growing
increasingly violent" Pravda
said.
General Schmidt commander OF
a German division, has been killed
in the fighting near Rostov, the
official Soviet newspaper lzveStia
reported today.
a Russian radio broadcast said
that the Soviets are firmly holding
their positions in the Crimca,
where the Germans have been
trying 10 capture the Russian
Daval base of SevaStopol.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-12-04
laps Split
On US.
Stand
BY KINGSBURY SMITH

Init News service stan Correspondents
WASHINGTON, Dec. 4.--Dir
Tomato adVices received in Wash
iington today ted to the belle
there is considerable politics
disunity in Toxic over the ques
tion of whether the Nippon En-
pire should defy the United State
al this time
The advices indicate that COY
servative elements in Toki Z
Especially business interests. ar
striving To restrain the extremist
in the government from precipi
Eating Japan into major clas
lin the Pacific with the Unite'
States and other members OF tn
| a b & ID united front.
Strength of this movement /
lpot-defiHiteIy- known bat il t
| thought in Washington that il ma,
be responsible for the Japanes
government delay in replying 4
Secretary of State HulIs not
setting forth the American term
for understanding.
Awaiting a reply TO this nationi
proposals, President Roosevelt
summoned congressional leader
and experts on foreign policy fo
"a closed White -HeHSe conference
The conference was called afte
Hull charged Japan with attempt
ing 10 establish military despotisR
in the Far East and Indicated tina
the gap between America ant
Japan appears unhridccabfe.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-12-04

tending to change our form
of government and our sys-
tenn of economic orgdniza-
ton.
The faILacy that gov-
eminent can spend the
funds more Utsely than
citizens constitutes the
major threat against Amer
lean iiving standards.
"The whole Marian mis-
conception boils down to the
assumption that bureau
Gratis can dispose of funds
more frugally and ihtelli-
gently than the housewives
IN 3O,OOO,OOO A M erican
families.
Governmental ertrdrd-
gance is depriving the aver
age family Of comfort goods
and services which other
1ciSe it lOouid be IN position
to buy.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-12-04
ITALIAN WARsHIP SUNK

ROM +. Dec. .-CINS)-De-
Struction of an italian destroyer
by British naval planes in the
Mediterranean was admitted by
the Fascist high command today,
which said that two of the British
planes were shot down.
However, il was claimed that
Italian divisions had conquered
fortified positions" at the British
held Libyan port of Tobruk. On
the Libyan desert a British attack
on Biz FL Cobb was said 10 have
been repulSed.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-12-04

ddnt tar load IN history.
The National Industrial
Conference Board computes
that federal tar receipts IN
the current fiscal year are
at a nelo dH-time peak and
are running at more than
double the maximum rate
of collections IN any gear
during the first World War.
"OW political leaders IN
Washington are past mas
terS in finding seductive
and plausible reasons to
Justify the neW habit of
bteeding the taxpayers
White.
Before the outbreak of
World War II. the poll
-ticiaAs Here undertaking to
condition as to bdckbredk-
ing tdres on the humane
ground that the funds Were
needed to feed the hungry
unemployed.
"NOW the earnings Of
citizens are said to be
needed to achiere total na-
tiOndl defense, disseminate
te1ld-ledSe aid TO the 'demOc-
rucieS' and to spread the
four freedoms throughout
the unirerse.
I'm the face Of so noble
a prospectus, any tar-pdg-
ing goose acho sQuoteks at
being plucked Wouid be con-
suffered uuIgdr indeed.
1T is to be wondered
1chdt excuses aciH be found
after the Wor for continue
ina to transfer to -bnrean=
Gratis citizen income lchich
ShouId be deroted to i'm
proUing the hiring standards
Of the family.
"Eren though the board
estimates fcdcrOl receipts
IN the current fiscal year at
$12,659,OOO, 900, they 'CiH
actually jail far short Of
prodigdI federot erpcndi-
lures
I'm the fiscal year c7tded
Jttne 80 last, government,
national state and leeaAre-
duced the Spendoble income
Of citizens By taking q total
Of $1,000, 100000 IN tureS,
a nelc oH-time high. Eren
this TaS not enough for the
political SpeHdeTS, and an
6ddtioh q federoI defcit
brought the national debt
to n-lleW aH-ttH4e summit.
THE tGriRg poUer IS
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-12-04
REDS BEATEN BACK

BERLIN. Dec. 4.-GNS)-De-
feat of strong Red army attacks
in the Donetz basin on the south
ern Russian front was announced
by the German high command
today.
A new war communique said
the Soviet assaults were beaten
off with heavy losses TO the Rus
slams.
Outside Leningrad. il was stated.
renewed Soviet attempts TO break
out of thu German iron ring were
frustrated.
THE German air force Ae-
stroyed side track of the
Murmansk railway and bombed
Leningrad day and night" the
communicate said. -
Earlier il was announced that
Nazi planes had pounded roads
and railways in the Moscow area
and that German military sue
cesses are continuing" in the
Moscow sector
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-12-04
CONTINUED from Page One)

ANDuoN iiVih ~ obc OhNJ
Of erery dollar goes out in
wdges and other payments
to 9dinfuily occupied per-
sous.
Thus, it should be plain
that the proposed lac,
Which would limit prices
bit not Wdges, cannot OPP
crate successfully.
IF passed By the Senate,
the Strditjdcket wH eUen-
tudlly hare to be lifted from
the body of business, If 1T IS
to continue to function.
"Such a double standard
IN respect to costs and
prices W0utd- tend to-tetBe-
oft the profit margin. and
thus to cOnfScdte capital
INFESTED IN the tools and
productive plants of the
nation.
"As a partner IN such re-
Sultdnt economic chaos, the
treasury. IT h tch has a
larger share IN business
profits than the OlCHerS,
WiH suffer q areatIioSs of
rercnue Sorety needed to
pay for the defense pro-
gram.
apparently the House
majority thinks that ma
jority rule 9ires the right
to change the principles Of
physics and chemistry and
Of ordinary arithmetic.
But, IN dodgiHg a deli
cate and embarrassing sit
uotion, the hack politicians
hare adhered nothing IN
the tight against the thfa-
ton threat.
mo question is erer
settled until 1t IS settled
right.
Certainty tn e-SCHdtC
has O me opportunity to
render a serrice by inject
ing a little common sense
INTO this inSiHcere bill
Which dediS With a subject
o ut @ or-thtportonce to
erery one of the 9O,OOO,00O
American families.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-12-04
IN THE NEWS

than the subsequent oftctot
footnote.
After World War 7, the
United States governments
had a clearcut demand note
from Great Britain for the
return, 4Cith interest, or
the money Advances, and
yet ne Uere unable TO col
lect.
I'm Vie,O of the vdgue
nature of the present COM
mitments under ie0se-tend,
there is not much hope OF
Sdiuoge.
"The truth is that the
American policy Of inter
Vening in foreign W0rS and
footing the 6iH for them
constitutes q colossal fndn-
ci0i burden.
This thr0lOs some light
on Why the ieries on Amer
ic0n taxpayers hare become
so onerouS."
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-12-04
Wreck
Italian Desert
Tanks in Libyd
Cairo Tells Of Continued
LulI; Na1is Squeezed
on Coastal Strip


CAIRO. Dec. 4,=BritiSh mill
tary headquarters announced today
a :7f-hour- fuff-in- HE fighting in
Libya.
The communique said:
During the last % hours the
luil in the fighting has con-
tinued.
'.In one small engagement
three Italian tanks were de-
stroyed.
"On the main front southeast
Of TObruk some small bodies of
the enemy, endeavOring To move
toward the Sidi AZeiZ area. were
engaged by our mobile columns.
'In the frontier area our
forces continued their pressure
on isolated enemy centers OF re-
sistance in that region. Through
out the whole day our patrols
were actively engaged In oh
serving and harrassing the
enemy.
TRANSPORTS ATTACKED
Our air forces continue to
carry ont sweeps over the whole
battle ground. Motor transport
on the CapuzzO road and large
concentrations of enemy vehicles
i'm wadi near Sidi Rezegh
were successfully attacked"
Earlier. British adviceS said a
solid wall of Sir Alan Cunning
hams troops now is hemming in
the Germans along coastal strip
of Libya 80 miles long and 50
miles wide.
Latest reports from the war
zone said the NaziS have been bot
tied up in this area stretching
from Bardia TO Tobruk as a result
of drastic change in British tao
tics designed TO end the inconclu-
sive. spreadout battles of the last
two weeks.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-12-04
a S TO WHAT MAKES
~ Us POOR Mr.. Ru-
keXSPr saws:

"EreR II circumstances
hare not permitted fUlfH-
-HeHt Of the 8laHorotts po-
litic0l promise of "a more
abundant tfe,' the country
as currently at least e.
perienciRg the most dbua-
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-12-04
FOREsEES CLAMOR
OTHER DEMANDS

In addition 10 their principal
demands. the SCME asked:
Correction of pay discrepancies
in all departments: bargaining
election among all city employees
to eliminate vicious dual union
ISM voluntary checkoff of dues;
establishment of clear-cut demar-
cation between per diem and sal
aired employees; minimum wage OF
81 $50 annually; city liability fol
acts of its agents while operating
city-owned equipment, n d free
disqualification for city employees
suffering occupational diseases
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-12-04

RADIO LOG, with Programs
-a-Meek in Advance Every Sat
urd3y with Detroit Times.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-12-04
ESSENTIAL POINTS


Essential points Of the measure
which applies to all defense in
dustries. are:
mo strike may be called eX-
L cept on 80 days notice 10
the secretary OF labor. and then
only after a secret ballot Of all
employees under auspices OF the
Cancellation service.
C-No strikes may be called to
- enforce demands for a
closed shop or because of juris-
dictional disputes b t We n
unions.
9-Present open or closed shop
- relations frozen fnf-the
duration of the emergency.
d-Violence or threats on the
+ picket line, and mass picket
ing, are barred.
S-Labor unions must register
= with the National Labor
Relations Board and give de-
tailed financial statements.
c-The defense mediation board
" is given legal status and
empowered 10 assume jurisdic-
ton of a dispute. and forbid a
strike for so days while il at
tempts TO mediate.
mo Communist. bundist or
convicted felon may serve
as an officer of any labor union
if that union is 10 enjoy any of
the privileges afforded by the
National Labor Relations Board
Q-Picketing is restricted solely
y 10 former employees of
plant actually on strike. while
the employer also is barred from
importing outside strike-break-
erS.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-12-04

RADIO LOG. with Programs
a Week in Advance, Every Sat
urday WIN Detroit Times.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-12-04
Council Cool
To Strike Call
Continued from Page One)

Continued from Page One)
affiliates would be barred by AL
picket lines. he added.
The strike vote came after the
Council refused 10 grant a hearing
on the unions request for a L.
per cent pay increase for Salariee
workers and l5-cent hourly boost
for employees hired by the day
Basis for the demands. union Off.
Gals said. is increased living costs
"FULL RESPONSIBILITY"
I'VE have exhausted every
means Of protest" Stringari said
following last nights meeting.
THE Common Council has arbi-
trarily refused US a hearing on
our demands,
Tho full responsibility now
rests on their shoulders. III the
city had adopted wiser and
more sound financial program.
these inequities would not exist
today.
Apparently, city employees
are an underprivileged group OF
citizens not having access to the
same recourse as employees OF
other occupations"
FORESEES CLAMOR
This time we have them
where II hurts" the meeting
was told by Clyde w. Hough,
DSR claims attorney and union
member.
eff we strike, the DSR will be
shut down 10 days before
Christmas and well have hun
dreds Of assistant business
agents among the merchants Of
Detroit and the people of De-
troit who will demand that the
mayor and council start the
buses and street cars again."
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-12-04
Strike Ban Bill
PdssedbyHouse
Faces New Test
Senate Believed Likely
70 Pass Modified
Version Of Measure
BY GRHFING BANCROFT
IntH News service star CorrrsPondsn,

WASHINGTON. f1-v-r.---i-Aa
uncertainsfatc awaited the drastic
House anti-Strike bill IN the Sen
ate today with a strong group
notifying il Will seek 20 remove
many of the measures teeth. but
admitting that ultimate passage
OF far-rcachinc labor legislation
now is inevitable.
Veteran leaders confessed sur
prise al the overwhelming 252
10 136 vote by which the lower
chamber passed The bill sponsored
by Representative Smith 90 ot
Virginia, which would greatly curb
strikes and plcketinG, and take
away from labor many OF It's
hard-won privileges.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-12-04

Of erery dollar goes out in
Wdges and other payments
to 0dinfuily occupied per-
Worcester Democrat and the ledger-enterprise. (Pocomoke City, Md.) 1921-1953, 1941-09-12
TANKER WILLY
DEFENDANT in
A REPAIR SUIT
Action Is Brought BY Attorneys
For L. w. Gunby Co.
For About $4,000

There seems to be some trouble
realizing on ship-building operations
in Salisbury. Admiralty libel suits
totalling $4,000 have been filed in
u. S. District Court, Baltimore, a.
gainst the 1O,OOO-ton tanker Willy
undergoing repairs at Salisbury Ship
building and Yacht Company.
Action was brought by Woodcock,
Webb, Bounds and Travers and JOS
eph Y. Gunby, attorneys for the
plaintiff, L. W. Gunby Company.
Damages claimed by the hardware
firm are approximately $4,000.
An additional libel action against
the vessel for about $1,000 was
brought by AIRCRAFT Fixtures, Sal
isbury electrical supply house.
w. w. Travers, one of the attor-
neys of the law firm, said the suits
would prevent the Willy from leav-
ing here unless the claims are salts
fled. The big tanker, undergoing ex-
tensive repairs and refitting, is near
ing completion.
He said the action is not against
any individuals, but against the ship
itself.
The suits were brought in the U. s.
court because under the Constitution
that body has jurisdiction over mari
time matters.
Last month a suit for 100000 was
filed against the WHY'S Brazilian
owner, but was dismissed few days
later and a nonresident attachment,
placed on the vessel, was removed.