davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1941-12-18


million reindeer distributed from
Point Barrow on the north to
Kodiak Island on the south, and
from the coastal belt bordering
Bering Sea, and the Arctic Ocean
to Ophir in the interior.
The AlaSkans were taught by the
Laplander herders how to care for
the imported animals and also
how to utilize them for food and
clothing. 1t was not long before
better methods in raising and car
ing for the reindeer succeeded the
old ways, and improved practices,
due to scientific study. are continu-
ing to make the handling of rein
deer an expanding industry.
It Is estimated there are about
$50, 900 square miles of grazing land
in Alaska. OF this number zoe, 1000
square miles are ideally suited to
raising reindeer. Further, 1t Is es-
ttmated that this area should sup
port about 4,0O0,0 900 reindeer. This
being true, there should be for the
market about 100000 hides and
1500O0,000 pounds Of meat. Rein
deer steak Is said to be tasty.
We are told that the reindeer IS
q domesticated caribou. The ami
NAL Of today is almost entirely
brown and gray with dark legs and
head and an almost white name
which becomes quite long in win
ter, white or solid gray and
speckled with dark brown. AS you
can see, full grown reindeer is
q large animal Of q rather serious
expression.
Both the males and females have
antlers which are shed and replaced
each year. The mothers usually
cast their horns seven days after
the birth Of their baby, which may
be in April, May or June The old
bucks show a new growth the first
Evening star., 1941-12-18

nations slow up tho computation,
but this is believed by the service
to be the heaviest period Of enlist
ment since July, 1918. Enhstments
spurted following the Japanese at
tack on Pearl Harbor December 7,
just as they have in the Navy and
Army.
The recruiting service Of the Ma
rine Corps has been moved from
the Adjutant and Inspectors De-
partment to the Office Of the Major
General Commandant to give it new
importance and emphasis.
Col. Halford completed 30 years
Of service with the Marines in 1890,
Evening star., 1941-12-18
Col. Ha|ford Named Head
Of Marine Corps Recruiting

Col. Frank Halford, who lived in
Washington during 1899 and 1910,
yesterday was named director OF
recruiting for the entire Marine
Corps. just as the Marines were
feeling effects of their heaviest re-
cruiting swell since 1918.
For the 10 days to end December
%, the Marines estimate they will
have enlisted 6,400 men. Definite
figures are not available, for exam
Evening star., 1941-12-18

Their intelligence Is on . par with
that of our horse. As q rule these
creatures are gentle. and you may
walk among them at any time Of
the year-with the exception Of
the counting season, when the
males are quite vicious and unruly.
Reindeer are home lovers, seek
ing familiar haunts faithfully. They
are excellent swimmers and they are
sure-footed creatures, too, travel
ing easily over slippery ground.
The Government has brought
these animals to this country that
they might bring to those who
raised them food and shelter.
Evening star., 1941-12-18
Sparks Heads Field Stuff
Of Defense Suvinos

Secretary Morgenthau yesterday
announced the appointment of Rob-
ert w. Sparks. New York banking
executive, as director Of the Field
Service OF the Defense Savings staff
Mr.. Sparks, who has been asso-
ciate director of the Field Service,
succeeds Gale r. Johnston, who has
resigned to re-enter private busi-
ness. Mr.. Joln1ston will continue
to serve the Defense Savings stan
As consultant.
Mr.. Sparks has been engaged in
the banking business for the past
Is years. He is a native Of New
York and obtained his education at
Columbia and Harvard Universities
and is q graduate Of the School OF
Banking at Rutgers University.
Evening star., 1941-12-18

and was placed on the retired list.
He returned to active service in
September, 1910, and has been in
charge Of the New Orleans recruit
ing ONCE. A native of Indiana,
Col. Halford lived at 1922 Woodley
road while In Washington.
Evening star., 1941-12-18
Natures Children
Reindeer
(Rangifer tarandus)

of March. In the spring the males
begin to shed their old winter hair
coats two weeks earlier than the
females. BY the middle of June
all of them possess a handsome new
glossy coat.
Reindeer love to be together.
Evening star., 1941-12-18
By LILLIAN COX ATHEY.

Reindeer were introduced into
Alaska from Siberia for the Eski-
mos with an idea OF establishing
for these people productive in
dustry, since the reindeer can
flourish in this cold region.
During the years 1891 to 1902,
1890 reindeer we're established, most
of them at Teller on the Seward
Peninsula. From this original num-
ber the present herds have de-
veloped, and we now have over q
Evening star., 1941-12-18
Society Of Natives Plans
YuIe Fete Tuesday

The regular monthly meeting OF
the Society of Natives will be held
Tuesday at the Washington Club,
Seventeenth and K streets NV.
Evening star., 1941-12-18

Following the business meeting
there will be q Christmas celebra-
ton. Members are requested to
bring toys or fruit for distribution
In one of the children's institutions.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1941-08-28
WHAT is A TRADE UNION?

A trade union is organization that grows out
of the needs of life and work 1t is agency
Sary because workers are OF the integral groups
essential to production and must have part in decid
ing both the terms and conditions under which they
work and the problems arising out of the work they do
Workers have intelligent part in undertakings of
cooperative nature only if they operate through
ganzed channels and in accord with policies based upon
information and experience.
The union reflects the genius of the nation, the
customs of the community. That is to say the spirit
and procedure of the union not matters determined
solely by that group, but complex reflecting the
social and economic structure a whole.
The union must first meet the problem Of provid-
for wage eaTnerS those essential guarantees of JUS
tce in the business relations required by selfrespect
and the whereby standards of living
rate with national ideals and we-beng shall be estab-
Shed The union thus lifting force to high
er economic and social levels The American labor
movement has accepted the philosophy of class
conflict and hence does not believe that warfare be-
tween employer and employed is inevitable. This pri-
mary principle makes possible the spirit and method
of cooperation for the best interests of all concerned
with production.
Expressed in another way trade union is group
organization of persons employed in a common
nomc undertaking which serves as clearing center
so that the experiences of members both individuals
and as group may be utilized to promote the progress
and welbeing of those engaged in that occupation
calling.
What we need is not movement full of groups
but movement united.
What we need is not the organization of wings and
factions, but one movement moving along solidly.
What we need is not the promotion of sms and
fancies, but solidarity.
What need is not the organization of confer
ences for this and that individual group purpose
need to arouse the spirit of organization
Unity, not factions need of union movement today.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1941-08-28
Liberties We
Must Defend

When a man will spend $10,-
900 to tell the world the princi-
Piles he stands for and why, that
is pretty good evidence that he
really believes in what he says.
A New York business man, Sid
ney Hollaender, has done just
that. He has bought the adver-
tising place on the back cover
of the New York Classified Tel
ephone Directory to outline his
idea of the American Way.
What he has printed is worth
every Americans serious atten-
tion. He says:
81 like the American Way.
Why?
Because I can go to any
church / please.
81 can read, see and hear what
l choose.
II can express opinions openly.
"My mail reaches me as it
was sent-uncensored.
"My telephone is untapped.
4 can join any political party
| wish.
81 can vote for what and
whom I please.
''I have a constitutional right
to trial by jury.
"I am protected against un-
constitutional search and seiz-
ure.
Neither my life nor my prop
erty can be forfeited without
due process of law"
We do not know Mr.. Hollaen-
der, nor anything about him ex-
cept that he is the head of a
company which manufacturers
labels. His name suggests a
foreign origin, but his words are
those of a real American. Mr..
Hollaender has put our Bill of
Rights into simple, compact
form. Those are the liberties
which we must be prepared to
defend.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1941-08-28
Machinists'
Membership at
At Record Height

Washington, d. C.-All past
records for membership gains
are being smashed by the Inter
national Association of Machin-
lists, Secretary-Treasurer En-
NETT C. Dawson revealed this
week.
"Our rolls are growing at
the rate of 5000 a week, fast
er than we can keep up with
them," Dawson declared. eve
have hit the 275,000 mark in
membership, triple our low
point at the bottom of the de-
preston"
Most of the advances are be-
ing made in aircraft, but in prac-
tically all other industries, as
well, members are signing up in
the union at record rate, Dav-
ison said.
Wage increases are also being
won at precedent-smashing pace
by the union.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1941-08-28
BARRIERS Local
Union No. ia

The BARRIERS Local Union No.
la, affiliated with the Jour-
neymen BARRIERS International
Union of America, is one of the
oldest trade unions affiliated
with the Newark Federation of
Labor. 1t obtained it's member
ship in 1899 and has, since that
time, averaged approximately a
membership of so.
The BARRIERS union meets in
Labor hall on the third Monday
of each month. 1t pays sick and
death benefits to members and
holds it's election annually, the
third Monday in December.
Terms of office are for one year.
John Penick, IL Drumm court
is president of the organization;
Frank Mullen is vice president;
]. H. Sharritt, LAG West Lo-
Gust, secretary treasurer; Ber-
nard Smith, recording secretary,
and Charles Snyder, guide.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1941-08-28
Oregon Labor Urges
Federal Power Plant

Astoria, Ore.-The annual con-
ventiep of the Oregon State Fed
Grafton of Labor adopted a res
olution favoring a Columbia Val
ley Authority patterned after
the Tennessee Valley Authority.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1941-08-28
Postoffice Clerks
Local No. COB

December 1, 1919, saw the or
ganization of Newark Local No.
603 of the National Federation of
Post Office clerks. Members are
all employed at the local post
office and engage in the distri-
button and dispatching of mail,
operation of parcel post service
in the work room, selling stamps,
money orders, government bonds
and also handle registers, postal
savings and receive parcel post
for mailing.
President of the organization
is Paul Haynes, Route 3. Wal
ter Bruah of 313 Central avenue,
is corresponding secretary; T. F.
Roberts, 369 Buckingham street,
recording secretary, and Frank
Roberts of the same foregoing
address is treasurer.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1941-08-28

The John Foote Shoe Co. is To-
Gated in Brockton, Mass.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1941-08-28

the first Monday of each month
at 12:45 a. m. in Labor hall.
Elections are held in February
and officers are named for terms
of one year.
H. V. Lees, 416 Maple avenue,
is president; R. R. Holmes, 444
Lexington avenue, vice president;
Harold Price, A Kreig street, cor
responding secretary; w. G. Nc
Daniel, so Columbia street, re-
cording secretary; Harold Price,
a Kreig street, treasurer. Trus-
tees are Mark Francis, 369 North
Buena Vista street; Virgil Fran
els, 20 Jefferson street, and
Harry Lees, 416 Maple avenue.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1941-08-28
AFL Leader Appointed
Housing Board Member

Kansas City, Mo.-Perrin Nc
Elroy, secretary of the Kansas
City Building and Construction
Trades Council, was appointed a
member of the newly-created
Housing Commission, which will
seek Federal funds for housing
projects and will choose the loca-
tion. Mr.. McElroy was active in
the campaign for low-cost hous-
ing several years ago, but the
city administration of that pc
riod blocked the effort.
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1941-08-28
Bus Drivers
Local mo. la

Still another local union with
an enviable record for amicable
relations between employer and
employe is the Bus Drivers
Union, Local No. 124, affiliated
with the International Brother
hood of Teamsters, Chauffeurs,
Stablemen and. Helpers of Amer
lea.
This union came into being in
1927. The organization meets
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1941-08-28
Railway Clerks
And Station
Employees, No. 5O2

One of the older brotherhoods
IS that of the, Railway and
Steamship Clerks, Freight Hand
lefs and Station Employees, New
,arkN Lodge No. 5O2.
President of the organization
is Clint Conner, 281 Buckingham
street. c. L. Cocanour, 143
Granville road is vice president.
W. r. Totten, $50 West Main
street is recording secretary; j.
II. Dickson, 888 East Main
Newark leader. ([Newark, Ohio]) 1917-1946, 1941-08-28

street, treasurer. Trustees are
H. l.. Kent, 294 Everett avenue;
o. H. Reichert, GA Beechwood
drive, and A. d. List, 265 Broad
street.
The Wilmington morning star., 1941-02-23
REDS DENY HAND
IN NEW TREATY
Continued From Page One)

as preparation for Axis blows to
achieve German and Italian aims
in southeastern Europe-elimina-
ton of Greece as a belligerent
and acquisition Of eastern Medi-
terranean bases from which to
harass the British.
Its chief effect, according to
these observers, vas to immobilize
Turkey, keeping her neutral in the
event Of a Nazi march through
Bulgaria..
It had been the belief in diplo-
matte quarters that Soviet Russia
exerted pressure of some. sort on
Turkey to stand a1oof from Balkan
developments. Sources in Sofia
sa!c that it had been understood
then that in return for a German
promise to leave Turkey alone and
stay away from the Dardanelles-
the gate to the Black Sea-MoscoW
had put pressure on the Turks with
implications that Russia would be
forced to seek return of the lost
provinces of Kars and Abraham
from Turkey should she become
embroiled with Germany over pas
sage of Nazi troops through Bull.
garia. 3
The Wilmington morning star., 1941-02-23
BRITISH ATTACK
INVASION COAST
Continued From Page One)

= aSO oIICJ
squalls and snow and hail-came
out to lay a smokescreen off Car
Girls Nez, where long range-guns
have been firing off and on for
months at the English coast.
The Germans came over in
mass formation, after smaller
units of fighter craft had flown
in to test the defenses, and their
principal thrust was turned back
in a five-mile-high battle over the
channel coast.
A communique, in reserved Ian.
guage, described today's action
as considerable patrol activity
by both sides and said one Ger
man fighter was shot down off
the southeast coast.
The British offensive appeared
directed principally at Boulogne,
Dunkerque and Ostend and it fol-
lowed a night of heavy bombing
attacks on the German naval
nase OF Wilhelmshaven, the Nazi
shlp-building center of Emden and
the Nazi-occupied port of Brest,
france, and industrial plants in
the Ruhe.
Big fires were set off at Will
helmshaven, the air ministry re-
ported, and the dockyards a n d
shipbuilding works were hit. A
succession of explosions
white, yellow, red and green -
was reported from the Wilhelm
Shaven area. 4
The Wilmington morning star., 1941-02-23
Army Orders
Continued From Page One)

Packard, G., C. A. c., Charleston, S. C.
to 39th C. A. Brigade, FIT. Bliss
Texas, March 8.
Robertson, H. s., Inf, Camp Lee, Va.
detailed General Staff Corps, Head
quarters VI Army Corps, Providence
R. 1.
Juzek, H. j., Vet. Corps, Vancouver
Barracks, Wash, to Area Service
Command, Camp Livingston, La.
March 8.
Hollingshead, F. A., C. A. c., College
Station, Texas, to c. A. Replacement
Center, Camp Wallace, Texas, April Is
Kennedy. A. j., Inf, LONDON England
to Headquarters, Governors Island, N
ington, D. C., previous orders
kahle, J. f., C. A. c., Aberdeen Prov
ing Ground, Md, to Panama Canal vi,
New York, March l.
Ostrander, +. r., Med. Corps, Preside
of San Francisco, Calf. to Barnes
General Hospital, Vancouver Bar
racks, Wash, March 10.
Walton, c. W., c. W. s., Fit. Benning
Ga, to 1 ArmoreG Corps, FIT. Knox
KY, March Is.
MAJORS
Hamilton, J. NJ, f. A., promoted tc
Lieutenant Colonel.
Mershon, w. B., Jr., Cav, Saginaw
Mich, to staff and faculty, Cav
School, Fit. Riley, Kan, April l.
Kinnison, II. L.. Cav, Fit. Bliss, Texas
ordered to Ft. Knox, KY, revoked.
ming, Ga, to La Garde General Hos
pital, New Orleans, La, March IA.
CAPTAINS
Longley, W. L., Inf, Panama Canal tc
Both Inf, Preside Of San Francisco
Calf, March s.
Pohl, L. K, Med. Corps, MacDill Field
Field, Fla.
Piepkorn, A. c., Chaplain, FIT. Smelling
Mimi, to Fort Francis E. Warren
Wyo., March 10.
Hettel, E. F., Engrs., Fl. Sheridan, Ill.
to Hawaii via New York, March l.
Mackay, w. c., Med. Admrv. Corps, Ho1
Springs, Ark, to Billings Genera.
Hospital, Ft. BENZ. Harrison, Ind.
Feb. 81.
Wyatt, f. H., @. NJ. c., Pine Camp, N
Y, to Camp Polk, La.
Higgins, G. j., Preside of San Francis
CO, Calf.
Michaelis, J.. H, anC Shinberger, J. B..
Ft. Ord, Calf, Inf, to 501st Para
chute Battalion, Eft Benning, Ga.
FIRST LIEUTENANTS
Lay, o. K, Eng'rs., Jefferson Barracks
Mo-, to Camp Forrest, Tenn.
Carothers, V. L., Inf, Eft. Benning, Ga.
to armored force, Ft. Knox, Ku
Walton. A. ", air corps, Randolph
Field, Texas, to Air Corps Basic
Flying School, San Angelo, Texas
March 10.
Green, W. j., (Eng'rs.), @. M. C.. Chi
cag0, Ill, to ordnance plant, st. Louis,
Mo.
Cohen, H., Jr., @. M. c., Langley Field
va. to c. A. Replacement Center, Ft
Eustis, Va.
Holscher, e. c., Washington, D. C., to
Lawson General Hospital, Atlanta,
Ca, March l.
Thompson, E. S., Q. NJ. C., Ft. Custer,
Mich, to Chicago, Ill.
Cole, r. G., Inf, Ft. Lewis, Wash, to
5O1st Parachute Battalion, Eft. Ben
SECOND L1EUTENANTs
LaCombe, J. L., Med. Admrv. Corps,
Camp Hulen, Texas, to Camp Wal
Schwartz, NJ. B., Med. Admrv. Corps,
Hot Springs, Ark, to Ft. Benjamin
Harrison, Ind.
Jessup, D. A., Q. M. C.. TT: Sill, Okla,
to Camp Roberts, Calf, March !.
WARRANT OFFICER
Williams, Master Sgt, L. B., appointed
Warrant Officer. Felts Field, Wash.
The Wilmington morning star., 1941-02-23
REYNOLDS FLAYED
FOR HIS STAND
AGAINST MEASURE
Continued From Page One)

"So oAH
doesn't like Uncle Sammy ought
to go back where he came from"
He asserted that the man" had
spent several years in Germany,
and shouted:
IF he were over there now, Hit
Ter would put a purple robe on
him, a ring on his finger, and
everything else"
Only a dozen representatives
were on hand to hear Withrow's
remarks, since most of the law
makers had gone home for the
week end. Aside from the blast
against Reynolds, all was quiet on
the legislative front.
The house, under suspended
rules, passed three new local bills
by Speaker Null of Cleveland.
Among other bills passed by the
house and sent to the senate were
measures to provide a civil serv-
ice commission in Fayetteville and
to allow the Southport port COM
mission to engage in national de-
tense projects such as shipbuild-
ing.
The senate passed two local bills
and sent them to the house, and
passed three other local bills and
ordered them ratified into law. 3
The Wilmington morning star., 1941-02-23
BIG RETAIL BUYING
BOOST IS FORECAST
CONTINUED From Page One)

ton Mrs. Franklin D. Roosevelt
and former American ambassador
to France -William-C C. Bullitt-this
week commented on the house,
wares situation. Mrs. Roosevelt
said housewives should begin
thinking about doing without new
aluminium pots and pans, and Bull
lit, in urging speeding up of de-
Tense activities, declared faster ar
mament building vas vital, even
though such inconvenience as do
ing without kitchenware
might develop.
There was also talk in Washing
ton about people having to go with
out SO many new automobiles. The
auto makers themselves have
made no official predictions on
motor car supplies.
The chances seemed good, how.
ever, that there would be plenty
of cars to 60 round this spring.
Auto makers are turning out 1880
new cars an hour. Production this
week totaled 1920 cars and
trucks, against 127, $40 in the pre-
ceding week and 1902, $40 a year
ago.
Automobile companies are try
ing to build up large stocks of
cars so they may be able later to
man new machines and dies, and
buckle down to the urgent job OF
armament building. Already auto
firms r producing shells in three
plants, and turning out other am
munition components in growing
| volume.
Interesting Development
An interesting development in
merchandising was broadening OF
wholesale buying. Storekeepers
since 1sS7-when they bought far
ahead in anticipation OF price rises
that proved short-lived-have pur-
sued "hand-to-mouth" purchasing
policies. While the bulk of orders
in wholesale markets were still for
immediate delivery to fill gaps on
store shelves, an increasing num-
Der of merchants bought more
literally.
The big question bothering many
consumers was this: are prices,
living costs going up?
The answer, most analysts say,
is yes and no. In many defense
industry cities, rents are rising,
due to shortages of housing. Here
and there, where factory payoll
money is flowing freely, food
costs, too, have advanced. Cloth
ing and Sundries prices to til e
everyday buyer in some defense
BOOM areas also are reported
a little higher.
However. it was the general
opinion of business leaders that
such mark-ups were essentially
local. A study by the national
industrial conference board indi-
Gated the average cost of living
for Wage-earners and loW-salaried
clerical workers in fifty-two select
ed cities in January were not far
from the levels a year earlier. 3