davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1941-01-05
|CoIe Takes Oath
|Of Office While.
In Hospital Bed
Rv the Associated Press.

Ry the Associated Press.
BALTIMORE, Jan. 4.-Represen-
tative Cole, Democrat, of Maryland
was sworn in as q member OF the
Seventy-seventh Congress tooay
while he lay in bed at Union Me-
mortal Hospital.
The oath was administered to the
veteran Maryland Representative
by Speaker Rayburn in the presence
of members of Mr.. Coles family.
Mr.. Cole entered the hospital Christ
mas day, suffering what his physl-
clan termed a touch of influenza
and a slight pulmonary complica-
ton. Mr.. Cole is beginning his
seventh term in Congress.
Evening star., 1941-01-05

'NOIlJIIlueu from FlTSG PdEe.J
upwards of 10000; italians who will
be taken at Bardia, 10000; Italian
dead, wounded or missing. $4,000.
Australian troops storming the
italian stronghold at Bardia, Libya.
were praised tonight by the
Australian Army Minister Percy
Spender in broadcast here in
which he declared behind them
there are many tens of thousands
of Australians eager to show their
mettle.".
For Australia the new year be-
gins WELL" he said. The success
full attacks of our troops On Bardia
Is an earnest of things to come.
"They have been waiting i'm
patiently for this opportunity.
have seen these men and I know
them. I have no doubt whatever.
. There are no troops in the
world which will surpass them"
Evening star., 1941-01-05
Mai. Lee to Speak

Maj. E. Brooke Lee, member of
the Montgomery County delegation
to the Maryland Assembly, will dis
cuss pending legislation at a meet
ing of the Woman's Democratic
Club of Silver Spring, Md, tomor-
row at pm. at the home of Mrs.
Ralph A. Wells. Officers will be
elected,
Evening star., 1941-01-05
High Masonic Officer
Dies in Harrisburg

By The AsSOClated PreSS.
HARRISBURG, Pa, Jan. Am
drew S. Patterson, 65, grand treas
urer general of the Supreme Coun-
Gil Of Masonry and prominent in
Harrisburg business circles, died to-
day several hours after he had COL
lapsed in his office. He was vice
president and treasurer Of the Cap
ital Bank & Trust Co.
Survivors include his widow, Mrs.
Charlotte FitZsimmons Patterson: a
sister, Miss Caroline Patterson, and
a brother, Col. Charles Patterson
of Atlanta.
Evening star., 1941-01-05
Glass to Hear Patterson

Assistant Secretary of War Pat
terson will address the incoming
class Of the Army Industrial Col
lege at special exercises at 10 m
tomorrow. The IS officers assigned
to the course will deal with pro-
Curement problems.
Evening star., 1941-01-05
Finnish Minister
Tells Press He's
| No Longer News

Hialmar J. Procope, Finnish
Minister whose statements made
headline news when his coun-
try was fighting Russian in
vasion a year ago, told report
ers when he called at the State
Department yesterday that
there was no news in his do
ings any more.
MY country is not interest
ing to you noW-We are just
fighting hunger and cold" he
said.
Evening star., 1941-01-05

The tolloUing uncenSored story
OF BritGin'S miniature inUdSionS
OF the French coast is 1Critten BY
William McGafn, formerly OF
Omaha, 1Cho has Just returned
to America from the London
bureau OF the Associated Press.
Evening star., 1941-01-05

Bulgaria Reported
Taking Precautions
OF Military Nature
Odds in Betting Favor
Sofia Governments
Swing to Germany
BACKGROUND


BULGARIA. is in strategic post
ton for possible German oBen-
sire against Greece and Turkey.
Germany recently has sent hun
dredS of thousands OF fresh
troops into neighboring Rumanta.
Troops haze taken up positions
along Bulgarian border. In
polped is Soviet Russian interest
in maintaining the Balkan status
quo.
Ry the Associated Press.
SOFIA, Bulgaria, Jan. At was
learned authoritatively tonight that
Bulgaria has taken certain military
precautions" to prepare for her un-
certain future in face of the growing
German Army in the Balkans and
increasing German-Soviet Russian
rivalry within the country itself.
Just what these precautions were
and whether they were taken for or
against the Germans could not be
learned.
The betting was about 7 to 3 in
Sofia, however, that Bulgaria even
tually would jump on the German
band wagon, leaving the way open
for a Nazi drive against Greece and
to the Turkish frontier.
Philoff May See Hitler.
Vienna reports that Bulgarian
Prime Minister Bogdan Philof-
officially in the old Austrian capital
only for his health-might take a
side trip to Bertchtesgaden to see
Hitler were current here.
Pro-Nazi Interior Minister Grab
ovsky, who handed over the powers
as vice acting premier to Foreign
Minister Popoff, nonetheless has
kept a firm grip on the all-important
post as head of Bulgarias police.
AS usual, the tall, lean King Boris
is still acting as the "balancer."
There were many indications,
however, that the Kings known de-
sire to spare his country from par
ticipation in the war or from being
| turned into a battle-ground for other
peoples wars may soon be put TO
the severest test. a
Nazi Soldiers Across Danube.
Large numbers of fully armed and
equipped German soldiers, appar-
emily from units which still are
moving through Hungary into Ru-
mania, are showing themselves
ostentatiously just across the Danube
from the Bulgarian frontier.
Their visible strength is not with
out weight in Bulgarian politics.
Berlin received from Vienna an
unconfirmed report that Philoff had
left Vienna lin the direction OF
Munich and Salzburg.' That, a
Berlin dispatch added, would take
him in the general direction toward
a possible meeting with Hitler if the
Fuehrer happened to be in what is
/ for him an accustomed area. Ger
man sources said they knew nothing
of the trip by the Bulgarian Premier,
who had gone to Vienna ostensibly
/ for medical attention.
Evening star., 1941-01-05

Drought has produced Australia's
most acute beef cattle shortage.
Evening star., 1941-01-05
Burdiu

Continued From First Page.)
Evening star., 1941-01-05
Fleet

Continued From First Page)
Evening star., 1941-01-15
INTELLIGENT?

Among the regulations issued by
the police department of Los Angeles
is one which says that officers must
look intelligent at all times"
No one knows why. If they were
required to act intelligent that would
be understandable Gilbert and
Sullivan have emphasized the fact
that the policeman'S lot is not a
happy one, but not even that famous
pair of lyristS contemplated sad
ding upon him the additional burden
of looking intelligent and upon the
community the task of setting up a
censorship bureau to decide whether
or not he succeeds. Could he not
unsnarl just as much traffic with a
dead pan and catch even more burg
lars by lulling them into a false
sense of security? Would it be wise
to deter motorists from their ia
vorite pastime, arguing themselves
out of traffic tickets given by police
men they hope will not know all the
answers? Movie producers, infuen-
tial in the city, are also said to be
against the idea. To them the
dumb cop' is an absolute necessity
in the manufacture of detective
melodramas; he has to register ex-
treme stupidity while messing up the
case, to build up contrast to the
alert intelligent hero who solves it
in the last reel.
Evening star., 1941-01-15
Flu Epidemic

There seems to be a general i'm
preston that this city is in the grip
of an influenza epidemic.
Nearly every Government office. it
appears, has some of its personnel
on sick leave. Many school children
are absent from their classes. Yet
the Health Department records do
not show any malady of epidemic
proportions.
This is, in part, a matter of words.
1t must be remembered that all res
piratory ailments are not the dreaded
influenza. It is a specific malady,
rather difficult to diagnose. If Wash
ington physicians reported every bad
cold which came under their care as
'iu," they would be guilty of unjusti-
fed alarmism Yet the superficial
symptoms may be very similar. Colds,
"fu" and the great variety of OBJ
scurely defined illness which simulate
1t are alike extremely contagious. All
are dangerous if neglected, and all are
dU tlllO OllllC VI lllC yCdI. 1NO
good purpose is served by grouping
them all under a popular, non-med-
ical diagnosis.
Beyond question a "fu" epidemic
has swept out of the West during the
past two months Whether it has
reached Washington, or ever will
reach Washington, is debatable. Evi-
IDENTIFY 1t is mild. The true index of
the seriousness of such an epidemic
Is the number of deaths from pneu-
monia which follow in it's wake. This
year these have been encouragingly
few. The germ does not appear to
have gained much in virulence as it
has passed rapidly from person to
person.
Flu" has come to have a malevo-
lent significance. But it must be re-
membered that there is no positive
proof that anybody ever has died of
this malady, per Sc. If so, the num-
Der Of its victims is extremely small.
It is serious killer only because of
the fact that it often paves the way
for pneumonia. This year it does not
seem to be doing so.
Evening star., 1941-01-15
Public Defenders

In renewing his recommendation
for legislation creating a system OF
public defenders for Federal District
Courts, Attorney General Jackson
advocates what generally is recog-
nized as an important and progress
sive step in the administration of
criminal justice.
AS the Attorney General empha-
sizes, the present practice of having
INDECENT defendants assigned coun-
sci who serve without pay has two
glaring Weaknesses-it "is frequently
unjust to the defendant and unfair
to members of the bar" and ''oc-
casionally results in an made
quate presentation of the defendants
rights" Such a condition has no
place in the judicial system.
The Attorney General dealt at
some length with this subject in his
annual report this year. He pointed
out that public defenders no longer
are a novelty, having functioned for
some years in a number Of commu-
mites. In at least one State they
serve in every county.
"Observers and students of the
subject generally reach the conclu-
sion that in every instance the in
Stitution has been beneficial" he
continued. mot only does it assure
proper representation by counsel to
INDECENT defendants, but it also
makes considerable contribution in
the direction of eliminating delays
and technicalities and expediting
trials"
Strong support for the plan has
come from another eminent quarter
also. The Judicial Conference, COM
posed of senior Federal circuit judges,
at their recent meeting here under
the direction of Chief Justice Hughes,
renewed their advocacy of the system,
especially for those districts in which
there Is a large volume of criminal
business.
The past few years have witnessed
continuing efforts to improve pro-
cedure in Federal courts, and the
inauguration of the public defender
system would fit admirably into this
program.
Evening star., 1941-01-15
Ghosts

His rocking chair gives out a steady
thump.
We're used to it, and do not notice It.
To him it is the tramp of marching feet.
If one of us should poke the fire bit,
He hears the clank Of saber and Of spur.
The crackle Of new log on the blaze
Is musketry .. They tried to ambush
The Pickering shadows, to his rheumy
gaze,
Are enemies in headlong fight; his chair.
Suddenly speeding up its steady
thump,
Becomes his charger, galloping full tilt,
To drive some stragglers from a willow
clump.
The stairs, up which he slowly tolls to
bed,
Are an embattled hillside that he took.
Reaching the window at their head. he
stops
To lift the blind a trife, and to look
Upon the tall, straight poplar trees out
side,
Like sentries -. At a cocks belated
crow,
He mods, and turns away "Alls WE'LL"
he says.
"Ill sleep. now I have heard that bugls
blow"
ALFRED I. TOOKE.
Evening star., 1941-01-15

two reasons. First, the liberals control
most of the wealth and economic power
of the country and the youthful officers
dislike them ideologically and want the
wealth themselves. Second, the govern
ment contends that the liberals may use
their influence to finance or foment
counter-revolution.
eff anv one wears a decent suit of
clothes. he is automatically suspect"
I heard it said "If any one has an
automobile, he's practically guilty OF
high treason"
The young army men-"Revoluclon
arios" they are commonly caued-tradl-
tionally looked to Col. Rafael Franco
as their leader It was he who made
the 1896 revolution against the liberals,
and President Morinigo became his
chief of staff Franco is at present in
Montevideo. where he runs soap busi-
ness. Rumors are persistent that he
plans to return, and one of his chief
aides, Col. Federico Smith, arrived in
Asuncion this week. But Franco is not
supposed to be on good terms with Col.
Damaso $3.50 Vsldes, who is President
Morinigo's most important cabinet
minister and the commander of i'm
portant troops.
Col. Soso Valdes is .young officer with
graying curly hair. He is the watch-out
man.
I met neutral politician in the Union
Club, which is the nerve center OF
Asuncion politics.
"I hope I do not exaggerate when I
say that our political situation is rather
unstable at the moment" he said.
No indeed
North American Nevspapse Alliance, Ine)
Evening star., 1941-01-15
CHEVY CHASE, Md.

Dear Sir:
Can you identify this bird for me
from the little sketch, which Is not very
skillful or accurate but might be useful
to supplement word description?
Il saw this bird for the first time yes
terday in our garden where he spent
most of the morning. He looked some
thing like robin but smaller and more
graceful with black head, wings and
tail edged with white. The breast white,
with rusty red on the sides just below
the wings.
"A fancy new feeder was left here by
Santa Claus but so far the birds have
not taken to it, with the exception OF
the Starlings, who Immediately investi-
gated and found a supply of bread
crumbs.
The seed remained untouched, but we
have hopes that the other birds Will
become accustomed to it by the time
the snow arrives.
For a year I have tried to identify
a beautiful bird call of three notes which,
as near as I could interpret in our
language was 'tweet- -tWeet.'
VERY musical and repeated usually
about three times. Much to my astonish-
ment last fall I heard the call and
looking out saw blue jay.
How glad I was to know this bea'lli-
full creature could make sound rs
lovely and as different from the familiar
quarrelsome one.
"Very truly yours NJ D. A."
+* X
Our correSpondent's color sketches
were both skillful and accurate, and
showed towhee in both side view and
head-on with great fidelity.
The moment this small piece of artists
board came tumbling out of the envelope
we said "Towhee.'
The sketches showed the male towhee,
of course. The female is a plain brown
bird, which few observers suspect belongs
to the family, she is so plain and modest
in hue.
Not that the male is anything but
modest, too, but he is colorful as well
in fact he is one of the real beauties
of the local winter garden.
AT frSt ne merely SITlkeS an OOSeTVeT
as being different, but in time, especially
if one can watch him at close range,
he is seen for what he is, truly beauti-
full bird, with a refinement of coloring
which sets him apart from all others.
This specimen may be our lost towhec
the bird which spent all winter at the
feeding stations in our yard
He was a constant inspiration during
the cold bleak days of snow and gray
skies. What winter that one was! And
how we and many others hope this one
will be more open, with far less snow
and more sun.
The towhee made but one visit this
winter, about the first of December
since when We have not seen him at all
1t was impossible, of course, to know
whether it was the same bird, but nc
visited the feeders most Familiarity, and
came to the rhododendrons by the din
ing room windows to see if the little
feeder was there in its stake.
Evening star., 1941-01-15

funds, is a serious menace 10 our in
stitutions and a challenge TO our demo-
cracy.
Already the billions of public debt
piled up through the lavish spending of
the past few years, spending for the sake
of spending, on the theory that We can
spend our way to prosperity, spending
on the theory that huge public debt
is a good thing for the country, and
that, anyway, public debts do not really
have to be paid, are proving to be a
heavy burden on the taxpayer who now
is asked to provide the huge funds nee
essary for national defense. These
billions which were so foolishly spent
during the past few years, for no lasting
benefit, would come in very handy now,
in providing the means Of national
defense. EDW. WOLESENSKY.
Arlington, Va.
Evening star., 1941-01-15

woman than that which aims at the
conquest of the cruelest of modern
plaques. Perhaps because the disease
aftlictS children particularly, it is
feared and dreaded as no contempo-
rary infection is. But there also are
number of supplementary reasons
for universal public interest in the
fight on infantile paralysis. Its cause
still is unknown, the transmission
OF it is not yet understood, perfect
cures for it remain to be discovered.
Because of the mystery which it
represents as well as the suffering for
which it is responsible, millions of
people want it defeated, insist that
resistance to it must be developed
until it can be altogether vanquished.
Meanwhile, those youngsters who
are crippled by the effects of the
scourge require assistance. Their
proper care is a costly charge upon
their families and their friends, and
it is natural that the community at
large should desire to help. Long
ago it was realized that the drive
against infantile paralysis would
succeed in the ratio of the generosity
with which it is financed. This truth
needs no further exposition. Every
reader of The Star and every listener
to the radio programs of Stations
WN1AL and WRC is familiar with the
fact that the Mile O. Dimes is de-
serving of the generous support of
every resident of Washington and
nearby Maryland and Virginia. 1t
is sincerely hoped that the 1941 re-
suits will be notably in excess of
those of previous efforts.
Evening star., 1941-01-15
THIS AND THAT
Bu Charles Z. Trdce1oell.
It was not, unfortunately.

1t was not, unfortunately.
We rushed it up next day, but that
was the last we saw Of the towhee.
1t is necessary to see this bird at
distance of not more than or feet, or
closer, if possible, in order to realize just
what grand fellow he is.
Our belief is that the female toWhee
does not winter here. (She has too much
sense)
The towhee is sometimes called the
ground robin. He is great scratcher
for his food.
The male does, indeed, somewhat re-
semble a robin, but only superflcially.
After you really see his fine feathers you
realize Just what beauty he is. Com
pared with his fine array, the humble
robin is just a plain, coarse but fine
old fellow.
Newly placed feeding stations often
require several days, or even weeks, 10
make the birds feel at home There are
many factors which account for this.
Sometimes it is impossible to put finger
on the exact cause.
Bread crumbs are notorious for at
tracing starlings. While these big birds
will eat seeds, they do not prefer them,
liking bread, suet and meat much better.
If you do not want starlings or mock
ingbirds, do not put out bread. Con-
versely. if you want these, bread will
bring them.
We feel sure that the birds will be-
come accustomed to our correspondents S
new feeder "by the time the snow
arrive.
At that. 1t must be admitted that
nothing makes a prettier bird picture
than the feeding stations in full blast on
snowy morning.
One of the best uses of snow, to our
mind, is that it calls the attention Of
thousands of persons to the plight of
the birds, persons who pay no parti-
cular attention to them at any other
time in winter.
The desire to put out "a few Dread
crumbs" then is almost irresistible with
many kind-hearted persons, and the
aggregate of this food is large, and
undoubtedly saves the lives of thousands
of the little fellows.
The bold blue jay has some very sweet
notes in his by no means limited reper-
toire.
One of them is as if the bird were
calling pussy, pussy, pussy, pussy"
We like our correspondents idea OF
interpreting bird calls and songs 'in our
language" for that, of course, is exactly
what We do when We put the high notes
of the birds into English words.
The startling is another maligned bird
which has some beautiful notes. Even
in the winter, if they are pleased. they
will utter whistles which remind the
hearer for all the world of a small boy
calling his chum down the block. As
spring comes on, these whistles increase
in number and variety. A great many
persons in this vicinity do not realize
| just how great part the starting plays
! in the spring bird picture hereabouts
Evening star., 1941-01-15
Thinks New Dealers Bought
Elections of 1886 and 1910.
To the Editor of The Star:

To the Editor of The Star:
To Senator Gillettes charge that IN
the recent general elections both OF the
major political parties spent in excess
of the legal limit Of 100000 aud that
they employed devices to "evade and
avoid" this limit, it should be added that
by far the greater sum was spent for
the benefit of the New Deal ticket. and
that in this there were also employed
devices to "evade and avoid" not only
the above limit but even the appearance
of political spending.
The sum involved was measured not
in millions but in billions. 1t came,
not from voluntary, private contribu-
tions. but out of the public treasury,
which collected it from millions of tax
payers all over the country. 1t was
paid, not to political campaign COM
mittees, but direct to voters. 1t bought
votes by the millions. True, this spend
ing was designated as "reliet" in various
forms, pump printing" etc, but it
bought votes just the same, and that
without any lasting benefit to either the
man on relief or the taxpayer.
And the number of votes gained in
this way was enough to decide the elec-
ton. 1t can be said truthfully that both
of the last two presidential elections
were bought in this way. And it also
can be said that any number of future
elections can be bought IN the same
way, unless Congress puts an end to
attempts to support one-third or more
of the population through spending of
money raised through taxation. This
situation, the possibility of any one
party maintaining itself in power in
definitely by the spending of public