Evening star., 1941-01-13
James Joyce Dies in Zurich;
Underwent Operation Saturday
Irish Author Center
OF Controversy With
Novel "UIysses'

| BY the Associated Press.
ZURICH, Switzerland, Jan. 13-
James Joyce, Irish author whose
novel ulysses" touched off world
wide literary controversy and in
f1uenced a new school Of writing,
died early today in a Zurich hos
pital, where he had undergone an
intestinal operation. He would
have been SO years old February 2.
He was operated on Saturday
and his son said he appeared to be
out of danger, seemed cheerful and
was looking ahead to completing
some unfinished writings. Sunday
evening he suffered a relapse. His
wife and son were at his bedside
when he died at 2:15 am.
Mr.. Joyce was gaunt, studlous
youth, and in his face, according to
contemporary, was sad quality
suggesting Dante"
He studied medicine, music and
languages. He chose writing for his
career, however, started early and
veered into experimentation with
words and technique which were
to come to a climax in his Ulysses"
1t took seven years to write and
contained many strange words in
vented by the author. 1t Influenced
many writers to adopt the stream
of-conSciouSneSS method.
His style began to take shape in
his first novel, "A Portrait of the
Artist as a Young Man" which ap-
peared in 1916, and soon he had be-
come almost a literary tradition,
the despair of critics and the pat
tern for young writer's.
Ulysses Published in 1921.
Even earlier he had published
Chamber Music" book of poems
"Dubliners," book of short stories,
and The Day of the Rabblement, I"
an essay critical of Ireland's ma
tional literary aspirations.
ulysses" came in 1921 after parts
Of the ambitious satire had been
published serially in The Little Re-
view," a New York magazine of the
arts.
1t was the lengthy story Of the
spiritual and artistic development
of one Stephen Daedalus, who might
have been Mr.. Joyce himself. 1t
was banned as obscene in Dublin,
London and New York and became
the center of widespread discussion
and debate.
In 1888 Federal Judge John M
Woolsey lifted the ban on publica-
ton of the book in the United States
in a decision which said the book
was unusually frank, but not
pornographic, and described it as
brilliant and dull, ineligible and
obscure by turns"
Mr.. Joyce later carried his style
over into a later work, 'Finnegans
Wake"
He left Dublin when he was %
and lived most of his life in Trieste
and Zurich in self-imposed exile
from what he considered the preju-
dices of his homeland. He also
lived for a time in Paris.
His sight became very poor and
made his writing laborious. Some
of his works were dictated and re-
corded. The rest he scrawled in
longhand.
Mr.. Joyce was born in Dublin on
February 2, 1882, into a family OF
some consequence, but poor eco
nomic circumstances followed, and
before the author was out of his
teens poverty was upon them.
The family's social deterioration
and some of the bitterness and en-
barraSsment Mr.. Joyce felt at its
successive downward steps were set
down in his first novel. This novel
revealed the beginnings of that ex-
perimentation in words and tech
nique which were to attain fruition
in Ulysses" and slop over, as most
critics felt, in the chaotic passages
of "Finnegans Wake" his last work.
Mr.. Joyce, as befit the son of an
Irish gentleman who was also a
Roman Catholic, attended ClongoWes
Wood College and Belvedere College,
Dublin, both Jesuit institutions. and
took his degree at Trinity College.
His faint smattering of medicine
served him well in ulysses" but his
interests were essentially literary.
Padriac Colum, the Irish writer
and fellow student at Trinity, said
once that Mr.. Joyce was noticeable
among the students who freQuented
the national library at the turn of