davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-01-12

the Prince of Pachacamac was
that this convent was to be
built. An old writer said. AS
a much finer monument TO
his greatness tthe greatness of
the god Pachakamajl the Incas
-p-etilAl htiifid a -lfetfse- tfTevaftey-
of Pachacamac for the chosen
maidens. as the greatest distinc-
ton that could be bestowed upon
this district. for in all other prov
inces these houses and temples
of the Sun were more admired
than anything else"
The institution of converts for
women living in celibaey and con-
secra1ing- themselves to the SER
vices of various deities was quite
common in the land of the Incas.
There were at least two classes
of nuns. one consecrated to the
service of the Sun, the other
destined to be presented to the
Inca when he passed through the
town, besides having the office
of brewing chicha. the Peruvian
beer-made of maize, intended
for any warrior passing through
the neighborhood. The convent
at Pachacamac was of the first
class, and the nuns were chosen
ores. I
The sun Maidens lived secluded
lives, separated from the world,
and so far from the temple that
they could not go there, nor
could any man enter the con-
vent. A writer has said, The
sun Maidens saw neither men
nor women; they lived in entire
seclusion and were never seen
by anybody"
There was a long narrow pass
age leading to the rooms of the
sun Maidens. and only women of
highest rank could even enter
the outer chamber. The novices
lived apart from the real Sun
Maidens, and although there
were no keys or doors, all door
ways being closed by hangings,
their obedience was so great that
no one ever walked over to the
novices from the Sun Maidens'
apartments, nor from those of
the novices to their superiors'
without permission Of the abbess.
There was a wellregulated
gate service attended by women.
Porters attended the gates and
guarded them. keeping up COM
munications with the outer world.
There were about 200 women in
the Sun Maiden convent of
Pachacamac.
DIZARRO'S outrage of the Sun
] Maidens at Pachacamac was
soon eclipsed by his later one at
the far larger institution at
Cuzco. Here there were supposed
to have been about 800 virgins
when he and.his followers stormed
the place to carry away all they
wanted and butchering those
who resisted
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-01-12

What's more, because of a special
added Ingredient, 'JEsTs" give longer
relief :. actually help to avoid a re
turn of discomfort.
'tESTS are mintflavored TO sweeten
your mouth-a your stomach.
They contain no soda or other free
-alkalis. They are not a laxative - not
constipating. Ind they 1oiH not form
s-kakitIh Garry Jssfs'' with you
always lest" in case, In handy
rolls for pocket or purse. JEsIs. Inc,
n-~oII.~ ~
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-01-12

Very often after heavy meal, excess
acids form in the stomach. causing
you to feel all ''stutTy" and bloated.
Your stomach swells up with gas
and you suffer real dist te7-7
Next time you are troubled that
way. do as thousands are doing today.
AT the FIRST sign of discomfort-"jest"
chew JEST" or two
"lEsIs" are those remarkable new
aniacid tablets that bring such amaz-
ingly fast relief from distress due to
temporary excess stomach acid
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-01-12
The Arrest Of

The Arrest of
Atahualpa,
the Last Inca,
by the Spanish
GOld-Hunter
Pizarro; and
Below a
Section of the
Walls of
AIachu Picchu,
the sun
NIaidens' City
of Refuge,
Showing Their
Remarkable
Preservation.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-01-12

INTENSELY interesting ar
i ticles on popular science
appear regularly I'm this and
other issues of THE AMERI-
CAN WEEKLY. You will find
an unending stream Of thrill
ing narratives In this great
magazine.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-01-12

Continued on Page III
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-01-12

/. Inc Great Brltain Rights Reserved.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-01-12

and quicker to memorize the
whole thing and throw the knots
away,
Henderson daily dispatch., 1941-08-20

VIII prove Of value. whether install
ucn' buying Is retarded on not. by
showing he particular types 81
.rruru mt mo. needed ON the
farms.
Henderson daily dispatch., 1941-08-20
Mrs. Robertson Better.

Nh Med Robertson is SAID to me,
showing some improvement. her
l@cnde VIII be glad to learn.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1941-10-27
Miss June GrierSOn,
John A. Davis, Wed

Mias June Elaine Grierson. daugh-
ter of Mr.. and Mrs. Andrew Grier-
son. 2Sl9 Golfside Drive, became
the bride OF John Allen Davis, son
OF Allen Davis, Wayne, and the late
Mrs. Davis. in a pretty double ring
ceremony Saturday morning al 10
o'clock in the formal lounge Of
Charles McHenny Han. Rev. Joseph
Dutton. Ann ArbOr. OBLIGATED.
The bride. who was given in
marriage by her father. was attrac-
lively attired in a. blue tweed tail
ored suit with which she wore beige
accessories. Her corsage was pink
tea roses.
Miss MaeBelle Wright, this city.
was the maid OF honor and she was
sowned in blue wool aud wore a
yellow rose corsage.
James Peterson, Wayne. served
as best man.
A reception followed the cere-
mony and a three TERED wedding
cake featured the refreshments Ice
cream in wedding bell moulds was
also served.
Later the couple left FOR a trip
through the East and on their re-
turn Will reside at 1870 +. Michigan
Ave.
Mrs. Davis Is a graduate Of Roose-
welt High school and attended the
Michigan State Normal College. Mr.
Davis attended Wayne High School
and is employed al the Bendix Air
craft plan, in Wayne.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1941-10-27
Farewell HOnOrS
Charles Oliver

Members of Lowell Street Neigh
b6rhood Club which until year ago
led a flourishing existence in that
vicinity gathered Saturday night at
the home OF Mr.. and Mns. Fred R.
Holly for farewell party honoring
Charles Oliver. While originally
numbering eight couples, there
were six couples at the party Satur-
day night and many "reminiscences
testified TO the good times enjoyed
In the past.
The company presented Mr. Oil
Yer with a farewell gift. Three
tables Of cards we're played, with
prizes going to Mn3. Leo Young and
Fred Lambert. A light lunch was
served
Mr.. Oliver, who has worked for
the railroad. is leaving for CalifoT'
MIA for his health very shortly, Mrs.
Oliver and daughter. Miss Virginia
remaining in Ypsilanu.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1941-10-27
Junior Legion Group
Makes Holiday Plans

Junior membership OF the Amer
lean Legion Auxiliary reported on
activities and made plans for
Thanksgiving at their business
meeting which was followed by a
Halloween party Saturday after
noon at the Legion home.
The business meeting was con-
Quoted by the new president, Jennie
Coffron. A report was given of a
very successful benefit card party
at the home Oct. "a The girls are
again collecting old hose for the
Battle Creek hospital to be sent in
December. A post card shower and
a plant will be sent TO Mrs. Jean
Leland Campbell who was injured
in an accident recently. This is in
connection with their rehabilitation
work. Shirley Rumberger and Bev-
erly Curtis were delegated to take
III 50 lob dAG NC NA0oli " sAAI w
Grams at Leland Sanatorium for
Thanksgiving.
Ruth Ann Schaab was awarded a
pin for securing the largest num-
Der of new members in 1917. An
other membership contest is TO
start next month.
For their Americanism work the
girls held an interesting discussion
on Columbus Day and Navy Day.
After the meeting the girls had
their Halloween costume party and
played games. Mrs. Manley Roe
and Mrs. Britt Eddings We're the
mothers who assisted the director,
Mrs. Carl Clark. with the enter
tainment and refreshments. They
were served cider. and doughnuts
wra pped in Halloween napkins. The
favors were black cats.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1941-10-27
Calendar of Social Events
TODAY

TODAY
9 Star special meet
ing 1880, initiation, Masonic Temple lodge room. Dinner
omitted remodeling OF kitchen.
Past Noble Washtenaw Rebekahs 1880 with Mrs Leo
Fredete. Plat.
Queen Lodge knights Pyhias. o'clock
X. p Hall
Ypslan High School 1880 in ipsant
High School auditorium.
scouts o'clock, Literary Club House; troop 49,
John; troop l6 O'Clock, Harriet.
Auxiliary Canton number 3d. LOOT, Ann Arbor, 1880
Fellow Hall Arbor.
Townsend Club. m, Ypsianti High School
TUESDAY
congregational Mems Dinner church edce. steak dinner
Samson, motion pictures OF Mexico. Star busters
will sing.
Loyal number 10 Degree Honor $50 followed by
Luke Church House
Junior Club OF Degree Of Honor o'clock inspection by Mrs Mabel
members will be received graduation; birth
Mothers will be guests.
Industrial Pleasure Club O'Clock with Mrs House Portage
Lake
Phoe:x Lodge number A NJ degree Masonic
Temple lodge
Girl scouts: troop IL 80 Prospect troop $3.50 st John
Chorus city schools 73 Ypsant High School
sewing and knitting five, WEIGH Hall to
o'clock.
Ypsant Lodge number 5s LOOT O'clock Odd reno" nan
WEDNESDAY
Huron Temple Pyhian staff practice TO o'clock H. p
Han.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1941-10-27
Impressive Ceremony AT
Graves Conducted BY d. A. r.

Dr.. Ellen NJ. Brown read the
touching memorial to Mrs. Boyce
stressing her remarkable musical
career and faithful service to the
chapter. The regent, Mrs. Richard
Weir, dedicated the official marker
at each OF the three graves. placing
2 large cluster OF fall flowers al the
base. The prayer at each service
was offered b. the chaplain, Mrs.
Russell Smith.
The memorial to Mrs. Childs was
read by Mrs. Raymond Dell. Mrs.
Childs was for some years an hon
orary member OF the chapter. hav-
ing served long and faithfully.
The memorial TO Miss Abba Owen,
charter member, was read by
Mrs. Pliny skinner and stressed her
great love for music. In closing
Mrs. skinner read an original poem,
ITO Alba" the theme OF which was
"Abba's Violin"
Members OF the families 10 at
tendance were Mrs. Philip Boyce
and daughter. and Miss Eesta De
Witt; J. Burton Boyce, Mr.. and
Mrs Ray ]iittredge; Mrs. G, S
Goodell OF Birmingham, Mrs Bar
rett Lyons OF Ann Arbor Miss
Frances H. Childs attended the
service at her mothers grave, also
Mrs. Mark Beckington and mem
bers OF her family. Alice Louise
Mrs. John Seitz. Garth, Mr.. and
Mrs Tom Beckington and daugh-
ter
Miss Rosalie Clifford attended
service at Miss Owens grave as
immediate members OF the family
were unable to be present.
Many chapter members showed
their respect for their departed
members by attending. Mrs Ralph
Adams, chapter vice regent and
chairmen OF committee on markina
graves and historic spots arranged
the simple, yet effective program.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1941-10-27
Ypsilanti B. P. w.
Group in Lansing

Miss Elizabeth Warren, presi-
dent, Miss Doris Milliman. vice
president and program coordinator,
Miss Ora Mae Hartley. recording
secretary. Miss Marjorie Milliman,
Miss Esther Dimond, Mrs. Effie l..
. Warren and Miss Janet Renton al
tended luncheon meeting Of Busi'
ness and Professional Women in
Lansing Sunday
The meeting finished two day
session Of school for state lead
ems.
Miss Dorothy d, Crook. director
OF legislation and public affairs
OF the National Federation OF Bust
ness and Professional Women s
clubs was a guest and provided
very interesting and helpful dis
cushions.
The Lansing Business and Pro-
fesslonal Women's Club members
were hostesses.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1941-10-27
Norman Christian, Donald
c. Hayden, Master Masons

ed Hugh Dinsdale. Phoenix, P NJ.
Chairman Floyd Ring Phoenix;
and Willis Tooman. Phoenix. Sew
eral other members Of Phoenix
Lodge completed the fellowcratt
team for the degree work including
Robert Christian father OF Nor
man. James Bishop, Palestine. =.
NJ. and Herbert Hamelin, Dearborn.
P. NJ. were special guests. William
Koeuls, Detroit. ;. 5, and also
commander of tie Detroit Precep-
tory. Legion OF Honor, gave the
lecture
Following the elevation Of Mr..
Christian and Mr.. Hayden. Mr..
Koch presented each with Ma
sonic Bible. and returned the gavel
10 No.shipsul Master Frank Jack
son. who. with the line officers,
Clo'ed the Lodge
Dinner Was served al 6:4o by
Mrs. sally. uarragh, worthy matron
OF the Order Of Eastern star and
her committee In the Methodist
Church. Assisting in serving were
five DeNolay boys: Ralph Ridenour,
". c.: Liuwoo | Rogers newly elect
ed junior councillor; George Moor.
man. Jr.. chaplain; Harold Lever
et,. senior deacon; and Ray Packer.
senior steward. Edward Winter,
Ypsilanti DeMolay. played for the
song session
Frank Jackson. wocshiptul mas
ter said this occasion wsG especially
fitting. The excellent work OF the
visiting Nasons was a fine recogni-
ton OF thei. services as Master
Masons. and Of their present and
previous experience and work in
DeMolay.
". NJ. Degree rehearsal was an
nounced for Tuesday night by Mr..
Jackson. TA!s is in preparation for
the preesntatlon OF tae work at
Tecumseh Wednesday The team
VIII leave the Temple at 80 Tor
that trip.
/ He also announced that there
would be Masonic funeral for
Samuel Crawford at p m. Tues
day at the Moore Funeral Home
The lodge will open at 1890
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1941-10-27

Miss Ruth Cattermole. Newberry.
spent Saturday afternoon and eve
ming visiting her parents, Mr.. and
Mrs. William Cattermole. She re-
return TO Newberry early Sunday
morning
Mrs. Elmer j. Ross and Mrs.
John Goodsman and son Harold
Goodsman went to Colon Friday
night to attend the Kellogg six-man
football game.
Mrs. Ernest Culp and her little
girl, Linda Jane, have spent the
past two weeks with Mrs. Culp's
parents. Mr.. and Mrs. Arthur Barn
ingham. Vermontyille, but we're ex-
pected home Sunday.
Dr.. and Mrs, II. c. Budium. their
dsughter.in-law. Mrs. Harold Lud-
lum. and little daughter. Detroit.
were dinner guests Thursday night
OF Mr.. and Mrs. Harry p Banks.
Mrs Johanna A. Sabourin attend
ed the Michigan Education Asso-
citation In Grand Rapids Friday.
Mr.. and Mrs Harold Earl. Her
Evansville, who we're in Ann Arbol
for a convention and TO attend the
Michigan-Minnesota game Saturday
spent Sunday with Miss Fay Aller
and Mrs. Mabel Renwick.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1941-10-27
Party Compliments
Miss Ann Rogers

Mrs. Hugh Dinsdale, Jr,. enter
tanned in honor OF her sister. Miss
Ann Rogers. Friday evening. the oc-
casion being her sixteenth birthday.
Games We're a pleasant diversion
OF the evening.
Refreshments OF tr!-colored ice
cream and individual cakes, also n
large birthday cake. were served.
The table was beautifully decorated
with tall pink candles in crystal
holders. crystal glassware and a
bowl OF pink and white snapdrag-
ons ceutered the table. Pink and
white napkins. and individual nut
baskets also carried out the color
scheme.
Mrs. K. NJ. Arnold, Ann Arbor, as
sisted the hostess.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1941-10-27
Bach Numbers on
Recital Program

Miss Mary Alice Power in her
organ recital Sunday afternoon in
First Methodist Church included
two J. S. Bacn numbers which al
ways give impressiveness 10 pro-
grams and were enjoyable and well
executed.
Autumnal numbers characterized
he recital. Not a jubilant autumnal
spirit, but a thoughtful, contempla-
tive autumn, with faint. delightful
melodies wandering through and
soft winds blowing.
One Of the autumnal numbers
was by Miss Dorothy James, mem
Der OF the Michigan State Normal
College music faculty. and was high
ly imaginative. Alexander Russells
mysterious treatment Up the Sa'
guenay" suggested river rolling past
TWO vast capes rising like twin Glib
raltars on guard.
Rejoice. Ye Pure In Heart" by
Sowerby concluded the program.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1941-10-27

At an impressive ceremony sat
urday night in Phoenix Lodge No,
IS Norman Ralph Christian and
Donsld Charles Hayden were ele-
waited 10 the degree OF Master
Mas0ns.
After the lodge was opened Wor-
shipul Master Frank Jackson pre-
scented the gayel of authority 10 Har-
Old Koch. master OF the lodge. MI.
Koch presented his team, cont
posed largely Of Master Masons
who were formerly peMolay and
active IN DeMolay This was espe-
clally significant since the|tWo
Young men who We're raised We're
bo.h Past Master Councillors o.
Npsilant Chapter and Harold
Koch Is the member OF Grand Coun-
ciI order Of DeMolay. for the State
OF Michigan
The officers FOR the degree were
Mr. Koch in the East. Marshall
Smita. Pontiac Lodge tLO-AD.
senior warden; Archie Fraser Tyr
can Lodge (LOH); Harry Jones,
Reiford Lodge Lob. DeMolay
district deputy, Detroit. senior
steward Marvin Blackberry Dear
horn IL (DeMo,ay district deputy
Ne. ~, junior steward
Members Of the fellowcraft team
who were also associated WITH De
Molay were as follow Charles
Lippit-. Perfection commander Of
De.roi, Chevaliers); Ed Quandt
Detroit U.O.H. associate deputy,
Kenne Antony, Pontiac (LOHl.
Norman Johnson, Reitord (Cheva-
lier): Kenneth Young. Ionic (Chey-
alier): Harold Hutchinson, Detroit,
L.O.H). Ray Elkins. Pontiac
LO.H): William Orr, Phoenix
NpsllanI DeMolay): Howard
Wliteioot Detroit (CheyaNer) :;
Charles Hill. Phoenix (LOH., Dad
YpsilaGti CLapter).
Three other members Of Ypsilanti
DeMolay advisory board psrticipst-
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1941-10-27
Ludington Group
Week End Guests

The annual reunion OF a group OF
close Ypsilanti and Ludington
friends took place at the weekend,
the hosts being Principal and Mrs.
B. II. Vanden Belt, Mr. and Mrs.
George r. Helvey and Mr. and Mrs.
c. Alfred Rice. Mr. and Mrs. Philip
Hartman were special guests of the
Rices, Mr. and Mns Frank Johnson
and daughter Miss Betty who teach
es in Plsinwell were special guests
OF the Helveys, and Mr.. and Mrs.
G. G. Owen and daughter Anna Mac
were special guests Of the Vanden
Belts.
The guests came Friday night
and were dinner guests that night
al the Helvey homer turkey dinner
with 90 covers was given Saturday
evening at the Vanden Belt home.
and IS were guests at noon Sunday
in the Vandeu Belt home.
Several in the group attended tn
game Saturday. in Ann Arbor. sat
urday night Mrs. Rice's sister. Mrs.
Maurice Kishlar and her son. Dan
Tel. Ludington. Joined the party.
This was the ninth successive
year that the group has come TO-
gether
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1941-10-27
Shower Compliments
Miss Dorothy Ferris

Miss Catherine Manners enter
tanned 20 al a miscellaneous shower
al the home OF Mrs. Earl Ferris,
Dellor Rd, in honor OF Miss Doro-
thy Ferris. whose marriage TO VII
liam Manners will take place in
January.
Games were played with prizes
going 10 several OF the guests.
Miss Ferris received many love
ly gifts including a package sent
20 her by her aunt. Washington
D. c.
Refreshments were served at the
close OF the evening in the dining
room. The table was made very
attractive with a huge bouquet OF
yellow chrysanthemums and three
lovely decorated cakes
Guests were from Detroit, Den
ton and vicinity.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1941-10-27
Junior Chamber OF
Commerce Group. at
Ann krbor Dinner

\ number OF Ypsilanti Junior
Chamber OF Commerce members at
tended a banquet at the Michigan
Union, Ann Arbor, Saturday eve
ming honoring the national presi.
dent of the Jur' r Chamber oil
Commerce, Walter ". Finke. MI.
Finke. a native OF Minnesota, is al
present relief administrator OF thai
state under Governor Harold Stas
sen. He is touring the country
addressing Junior Chamber oil
Commerce organizations. Satur
days meeting terminated his
Michigan visit.
Mr. Finke explained the-purposs
and aims OF the Junior Chamber Of
Commerce as giving young mes
the opportunity of training In civic
affairs. He said this particular
phase OF training was not obtaineo
in schools, and that young men
needed experience in leadership
to prepare them for the duties they
will inherit in the Democratic way
OF life. He emphasized that the
Junior Chamber OF Commerce. I'M
biased and open minded, exists only
to serve in this capacity; TO guide
youthful energy into constructive
channels, and TO foster the initis-
tive which abounds in youthful
minds.
H. Bruce Palmer. national treas
urer of the organization, was
postmaster. Other speakers were
Douglas H. Zimmerman, national
executive vice president. and
State President Walter A. Bass II
Grand Rapids. Raleigh Saunders,
JCC president of Ann Arbor, pre-
sided.
Those from Ypsilanti who at
tended were President John Farris,
Ann Short, Mr.. and Mrs. Roger
Armstrong, Mr.. and Mrs. George
Shamrock. Andrew Smith, Fred Pet
ers. Jr., Wilho Mackie, and Law
renee Skinner.
Among the other Michigan cities
represented were Detroit Dear
born, Pontiac. Flint, Plymouth.
Hillsdale. ColdwateH Lansing and
Grand Rapids.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1941-10-27
RecreationaI Program to
be Opened This Evening

Persons beyond high school age
can participate in a recreational
program opening tonight at Ypsi!
lanti High School The meeting
will convene at in the gymna-
SUM.
One hour during the period will
be spent in the pool for swimming
and instruction and the balance Of
the time will be used for gymnas-
tics and games in the gymnasium.
Miss Elfrieda Overmann. high
school faculty. will supervise the
women's program and John Star
was. also OF the faculty, the mems,
Combined meeting OF the groups
will be arranged.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1941-10-27
Fine Points in Bridge
By SHEPARD BARCLAY

allowed to drop with Vests last
call Of 2-Hearts. that contract
would have. been made. with the
loss of one trick IN spades. two in
diamonds and two in clubs
These hands are synthetic. de-
liberately fabricated to illustrate
the point Notice how different
would have been the result OF
South's bid If his two suits had
been spades and hearts instead Of
diamonds and clubs Then his side
would have had the advantage in
the bidding. because Of the higher
rank Of the suits. and the oppo-
nents would have had 10 60 over
their depth TO take the bid away.
This same principal applies to
countless hands that are dealt In
the regular way. OF course. II
South had longer suits. and con-
sequently greater distributional
values. the fact that he had only
an ordinary amount Of honor
strength, principally minor suit
distribution and no valuable inter-
mediate cards might have been
offset by his long-suit trick taxi
ers
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1941-10-27

Miss Shirley Tucker. daughter Of
Mr.. and Mrs. P. 7. Tucker will be
hostess with other selected mem
bers OF the student body az Steph-
ems College Columbia. Mo, at lunch
cons November 6, I and TO be
given for several hundred national
ly noted personalities attending the
forum on The American Woman
and Her Responsibilities 10 be
held on the stephens campus on
those dates.