davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-06-20
EXCESs PROFIT TAX

Drastically revising the cor
pOrate excess profits taxes. tho
committee adopted the British
system OF requiring corporations
10 . compute their excess profits
on net earnings before figuring
heir normal income taxes. In
addition. II raised the rates now
Graduated from . 20 30 per cent
tos,}5 30 so per cent
Retaining tho present - per
cent normal TAX on corporations,
The committee applied a S per cent
surtaX on those earning more than
$4,000 and a per cent >urtaN on
those earning less than So 600
This is, designed 10 reach partially
lax exempt securities held by cor
porations. includifc banks and IN
urance companies
The special 10 per cent TAX
amed al companies holding arma-
mfnt contracts ls expected "a
.4ise Sos 001nn1 An illustration of
how s. would Doe applied follows
a CORPORATION that uses the in-
vested capital base io Cowuuf, nN-
cess profit, and which made a0
average ~ = pr cent profit lu thr
Years 1860 and lhtn ln the news
taxable year earns per ccu, will
boar tax o. 10 per cent on ttr
difference.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-06-20
.Frdhnn Expected
ToQuit Stand

Continued from Page One)
asking about your total in
come ,"
Al didn't consider II In
come"
Q-"Yet you reported II To
the government a. income,
didn't yOu:"
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-06-20

The following table shows the
comparison OF present and pro-
posed new rates on a married cou-
pie. with two dependents:
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-06-20

The following table shows the
amount Of tax 10 be paid by a mar
ried couple, with no dependents, at
present. and under new schedule
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-06-20
JUDGE DENIES MOTION

JUDGE DENIES MOTION
Here, Kenney made reference &c
the pending trial and Kelly leapec
TO his feet with the motion. Judge
Pugsley denied it and ordered the
jury TO disregard the question.
Frahm denied placing bets or
horses by telephone from police
headquarters 10 Elmer Buff
Ryan. but admitted he knew Ryan
well and had always considered
him "a good fellow"
The former police official, we'll
groomed and tanned, smiled often
as nc answered questions. Through
the trial he has appeared cheerful
and confident.
He told OF borrowing 81 500 from
Louis kerner. an insurance agent
who sells insurance TO many police
men az headquarters, in 1897 and
1888. without any note or collateral
being exchanged.
kENNEY LEAPS UP
Here kenney lcapcd up and
shouted:
You did not. You got that
money from Gagnon and from
Ryan and from Everett Watson,
didn't you?"
Frahm nearly lost his com.
posture for the first time. as he
gripped the arms of the witness
chair and leaned forward tensley
II did not" he shouted
Asked If he ever. as an official
of police. was called upon "a
rcprimand an officer for taking
brides TO protect gambling. F'rahm
answered that he had on one oc-
Casion
III was an Inspector. I investl-
gated IL. l called in all the
parties who were supposed 10
have been In on il and took
statements from them. They all
denied il and reported my
findings To the commissioner.
The others being tried with
Frahm are former licutenants
Clyde Ranney and James Dooley
and former detectives John Null.
gan and James Bennett.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-06-20
SCALE OF INCREASES

TaEs viii TNy SoS.0U. A Slu,Uuu
married person now pays So2S and
viii pay Sl.l66 under the new
pan. while a SIS, 900 married man
NOW contributing So $3.50 will
1880 sos. 40. A $4,000 married
nh win he jumped from Sl4.-
l2$40 10 $50 002.40.
For a single person earning
% 800, the tax is Jumped from
e6Ss0 10 S159.50. Earning 81, 600
10 Nould pay S473 against Sl71 so;
Sl4D00 he would pay Sl46960
agkinSt 1855 40. Even single per-
ao1 earning $500 Will pay 50 81
sgktnst "a cents under existing
ses.
The rates arc much lower than
ne treasuryS proposal 10 start
fut-taXes al II per cent on inc
liTSt taxable dollar but Still will
wing IN an eSumated Sl,Uoo, tOu,
eco.
Additional revenue estimated al
1904 600 600 VIII be raised by tho
new requirement for lolnt returns
OF man and wife, which Will shove
thousands Of couples into the
higher surtaX brackets
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-06-20
. By GRIPPING BANCROFT
IptI'Ncu, >rr,lcr san Correspondent

'''l Ne"' service '''H ''''''r'''','
WASHlNHION, h'
Having approved @ H." V.'..
acome taN schsade Na--h :"
0ip!e The i'\ o-f' u On .A'
ts' oraehc' payers. i''-'e ".'' s.
and means comm 'i'. ''.''.
today face lhe problem o.. '.
~ additional >>"... "..
popular O., '|.-
The committee '.ai' ..'' '.
Tor tndi'-a a ''''.
designed ~ l1.,, '.,
- i''...' Wv. ',.'
''Nil''0 N'
Wiil seer way a'." ',.'
another SllnHNHH''" f' iFiS t7
attain The AK euaI
-. ,,,,,,. r.,
Npht NUM- '-Ni
Nlcmhrrs said tMS -. h don
b.. ,o~s,,.,.-. .s-s-,- -- 4r..r f5z..,
,..
a''ou' ~ I'-H on ~
some Sl5'oQ10ol ~ 'N0n Obtain
SG51 900 600 or u 4 bN raising
49, o,Y.4 .h,5rI., ,7vos on
Soch cofliilo"''l'' IN |"N'
beer liquor and tobacco
Nieanv hlIc Tho iaN cxpClfs con.
La .L..o ,,-il ,o orco.it..r
= = .Ass-H nc VIZ -
Ntfei4- 'i9'l-4'f' '''t''' - - ILL.,
Evening star., 1941-10-03

Quality cloths =. made by some of the finest
mills in the country At this low price be-
cause we bought them last March in anticipa-
tion of this great Anniversary! Cash in on
the savings now-and now only!-Its doubt
full if We'll be able to duplicate such values for
some time to come. Every suit is superbly tai
lored of all wool fabrics Exclusive of orna-
mentations) in fine worsteds and diagonal
weave tWeeds all new color tones.
Evening star., 1941-02-09
Make Up Beautiful Ensemble for Your Bedroom Sauing

The dainty postes will nnoke you think OF the first
flowers of Spring. Fluffy dots (sPrinkled in lovsh
profusion) possess perpetuolly fresh appearance
thot odds charm to bedroom. lhese eight
shades: Apple green, blush peach, sky-bue, new
eoId orchid and ivory. Lovely cotton morqusette.
Evening star., 1941-11-30

with her sister, Mrs. Wilfred Hearn,
in Friendship Heights for the past
year, has gone to Newport News,
Va, to spend several weeks with
Mr.. and Mrs. Frank Hooper. Over
the present week end Mrs. Pettls
and Mrs Hooper are visiting friends
in Shadville, Va.
Mr.. and Mrs. David R. Starry of
Drummond went to Pottstown, Pa,
Thursday to visit Mrs. Starry's
brother, DR.. Thomas H. Powick, and
Mrs. PoWick and are now in New
York. On their return home later
in the week they will be joined by
Maj Hugh B. Craig and Mrs. Craig
of Orange, Va, and their daughter,
Miss Jane Craig, who will be in
town with a group of seniors from
Mary Baldwin College Mrs. Pow
ick's mother. Mrs. William Powick
of NorristoWn, Pa, also will come
next week to be a guest at the
Starry home
Miss Louise Watkins of Somerset
is spending the week end in Butler,
N. j., with Miss Ruth Guenter, her
! former roommate at Vanderbilt Uni
| versity.
Miss Jean Warn
Is in Philadelphia.
Miss Jean Warn Of Greenwich
Forest went to Philadelphia yester-
DAY for the Army-Navy football
game and is spending the week end
with friends.
Capt. James Polk Sullivan, U. S.
M. c., and Mrs Sullivan spent part
of the week end with Capt. Sulli-
vans mother, Mrs. Mary Polk Sulli-
van, and are now at Capt Sullivan's
new post in Danville. KY. Capt.
Sullivan and Mrs. Sullivan had been
in San Juan since 1899
Mr.. and Mrs. F. w. S. Evans en-
tertained several guests last night
at the Saturday night dinner dance
at the Congressional Club.
Mr.. and Mrs. j. Henderson Peter
left this week for their winter home
in Miami Beach, Fla. Mrs. Peters
sister, Mrs. George Wade of Sykes
vile, Md, went with them to Miami.
They will remain in Florida until
late April or May.
Evening star., 1941-11-30
Social Notes of Bethesda
And Lower Montgomery
Mr.. and Mrs. Russell Arthur Sail;
Mr.. and Mrs. F. A. Mcclure Return
From China to Old Home Here

Russell Arthur and their daughter Mary Lynne Will
Thursday Puerto
they have lived for
and Col and Mrs E. j. Griffith
in will his at
daughter
Griffith. moved here
Arthur and her daughter will join
Barranqulla.
A. who have been in Canton China for
the past Friendship Heights where they lived for
before to the Orient.
Mr. Mcclure doing the field Of botany at
1ngnan University in Canton uough his
Evening star., 1941-11-30

work with the university.
Miss Sophie Mcclure. the older
daughter of Mr.. and Mrs. Mcclure,
who was in Somerset School during
her previous residence here, is now
at Miss Harris School in Miami,
Fla.
Miss Barbara Ames is spending
the week end in Lansdowne, Pa,
Yesterday she attended the Army
Navy game in Philadelphia and last
night she was honor guest at a
dinner given by Mrs. Vought, in
whose home she is visiting.
Mrs. Phillip Chaffin
Visited by Sister.
Mr.. and Mrs. Phillip Chaffin have
Mrs. Chaffns sister. Mrs. William
A. Eddy of Geneva, N. Y, with them
for a short visit Mrs. Eddy is the
wife of President William A. Eddy
of Hobart College, in Geneva.
Mr.. and Mrs. L. A. Gravelle and
their son. Alvin Gravelle, went to
Philadelphia yesterday for the
Army-Navy game.
Mrs. J. B. Pettis, who has been
Evening star., 1941-11-30
Mr.. EliZalde
Will Entertain
At Supper Party

The resident Philippine COM
missioner, Mr.. Juan M. Elizalde,
will be host at a buffet supper
Tuesday evening preceding the
concert of the Philadelphia Or
chestra, which will be conducted
by Sir Thomas Beecham of Eng
land. Mr.. EliZalde will take his
guests later to Constitution Hall,
where they will occupy his box at
the concert.
The Brazilian Ambassador and
Senhora de Martins will be hosts
in their box, as will Mrs. Edwin
M. Watson, wife of the Presi-
dents military aide, who, as
Frances Nash, pianist, will play
later in the week with the Boston
Symphony Orchestra in Boston.
Evening star., 1941-11-30

bridge for their house guests and
preceding the party Mr.. Rust's
parents, former State Senator and
Mrs. John w. Rust, entertained for
| them at dinner.
Miss Charlotte Ruffner
Arrives for Visit.
Miss Charlotte Ruffner, daughter
of Prof. and Mrs. Robert H. Ruffner
of Raleigh, N. c., arrived yesterday
to visit her uncle and aunt, Mr..
and Mrs. Paul E. Brown, in their
home, White Oaks, on the OK road.
Mr.. and Mrs. G. Raymond Huffard
of Charlottesville, Va, are visiting
Mrs. Huffard's brother and sister
in-law, Mr.. and Mrs. Thomas C..
Henderson, in their home near
Chantilly.
Mr.. Eugene Fitzhugh of Newport
News, Va, has spent some time with
his grandmother, Mrs. L. 3. Eaton.
Mrs. Ben Fuller of Hamilton, Va,
who is spending the winter with her
brother and sister-in-law, Col. and
Mrs Edward NJ Offley, in Fairfax,
has left for Lake Bluff, ILL.,, to spend
the Christmas season with her SON.
in-law and daughter, Maj. and Mrs.
Chester Fordney.
Col. Bob Offley
Back From Visit.
Col. Bob Offley has returned to
his Cedar avenue apartment fol-
lowing a visit to his son-in-law
and daughter, Mr.. and Mrs. Griffith
Clark, in Trenton, N. j.
DR.. John Van Ess of Princeton,
N. j., is the guest of DR.. and Mrs.
Lennig Sweet.
Mrs. Amos Chilcott and Miss
A. M. Swami nave left for Las
Vegas, New, to spend the winter.
Pvt. Mason Grove of Camp Lee,
Va, is weekend guest of his
uncle and aunt, Mr.. and Mrs. N.
Peyton Young.
Evening star., 1941-11-30
Social Notes
OF Fairfax

FAIRFAX, Va, Nov 29.-Mr. and
Mrs. J. w. C. Johnson, their son,
Mr.. j. w. c. Johnson, jr., and their
daughter, Miss Betty Johnson, of
Clifton Forge. Va, have spent several
days with Mr.. and Mrs. Johnson's
son-in-law and daughter. Mr.. and
Mrs. John H. Rust. Friday evening
Mr.. and Mrs. Rust entertained at
Evening star., 1941-11-30
Sail for Havana

Mr.. and Mrs. Morton j. France
Kelly of Washington and Chicago
sailed Friday on the S. S. Florida for
Havana, Cuba. While visiting the
island they will stay at the Sevillia-
Biltmore Hotel Upon their return
to Miami, Fla, they will be the
guests of Mr.. and Mrs. Dwight
Thompson of Coral Gables. Mrs.
France-Kelly was Miss Helen Lee
Hegarty before her marriage.
Evening star., 1941-11-30

the week end of her sister, Miss
Edith Rogers.
Miss Anne v. Hutchinson has been
the guest this week of Miss Martha
Jones of Washington.
Mrs. Claude Mulligan of Trenton,
N. j., is spending three weeks with
her father, DR.. William l. Robey.
Mr.. and Mrs. Thomas Kite of Ar
lington, Va, have been the guests
for several days of the latter's par
ents, Mr.. and Mrs. William H.
Dawson,
Evening star., 1941-11-30
Party at Herndon
Is Announced

HERNDON, Va, Nov. 29.-Mrs.
Arthur Hyde Buell. will entertain
Monday afternoon at q dessert
bridge party.
Miss Dorothy Rogers of New
Brunswick, N. j.. is the guest over
Evening star., 1941-11-30

Brazil is shipping many more
diamonds to other countries than
in 1910.
The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1939-1949, 1941-07-24

Alvin MECHANISM returned Satur-
day from a weeks business visit on
the coast. $780,
The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1939-1949, 1941-07-24
Relief Question
Worries Leaders
In Benton County

Returning to his work Tuesday
from a one-day area meeting Of
county welfare administrators in
Spokane, Eugene M. Hayes, Benton
county administrator, reported that
discussion was held on possible ad-
justments that might be made so
the reduction in general assistant
funds will meet the needs of the
county. Benton county budget has
reduction Of 80 per cent for gem
eral assistance, he said. = =. 49,
eft is all we can do to meet
the needs now when only those
who are unable to work are on
relief" Hayes said. Administers
tors in eastern Washington are
wondering what can be done when
seasonal work is over and those
who are not taken back ON WPA
roles will be seeking general as
SiStance." -
Hayes explained that defense in
dustries will absorb many of the
men cut from WPA roles in west
ern Washington, but that in east
ern counties, the jobs which are
furnishing sustenance now, are not
permanent and the families will
have to he cared for during the
winter.
The Benton county administra-
tor was appointed on a committee
of six to meet in Olympia Mon
day and discuss the problem of re-
lief eligibility and how to make
the assistance funds do the most
good. Tuesday and Wednesday
county administrators of the state
will meet in Olympia to, consider
the recommendations made by the
committee.
The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1939-1949, 1941-07-24
Columbia District
Shows Excellent
Financial Status

Columbia Irrigation Districts
Semi-annual report to ReconStruc-
ton Finance Corporation has been
recently completed. and copies Of il
made available to the public, accord
ing to Frank Maupin, secretary.
The districts finances continue
to show a healthy condition In all
departments. Cash on hand at the
end Of the first half OF the year
reached a new high since refinanc-
ing, and 1912 collections are normal
in every way. Operation and MAIN
tenance expenditures are somewhat
higher than usual, due to the addi-
tional labor necessary to keep the
canal free Of weeds since canal
turnoutS are not now permitted. The
bond situation has been improved
by the purchase of $1,000 worth in
April, and another additional $500
was authorized by the directors at
their regular meeting the first week
in July. Interest charges were re-
duced accordingly, with the retire
ment of these bonds.
The districts funds in surplus has
reached a high level that secures it
against almost any emergency that
might arise, and the directors are
anxious to keep this fund at such
level that il can always he available
in sufficient amount to readily pay
for any serious break that might oc-
cur. ...
Copies of the report, or any 9TH
er information anyone might wish
TO secure, are available at the Of
flee of the district upon request.
The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1939-1949, 1941-07-24
Spot News Picture
Service for CIR.

Beginning this week, readers of
The Courier-Reporter will be served
with last-minute pictures of state,
national and international interest.
These spot" news photos will APP
pear each week. They are gathered
by Operative Features, Inc. from
points throughout the world and
rushed to Kennewick by air mail,
making it the fastest service of the
kind in the United States.
=, News pictures of worldwide in
terest will appear in this paper
while they are still news and many
of them will reach this district sew
eral days before it is possible to find
them in your favorite news maya
zine.
This exclusive service has been Sc
cured at considerable expense but
it is in keeping with the policy of
this paper to give its subscribers
the very best possible weekly news
paper it is possible to publish, re-
gardless of the amount of effort or
money necessary. .,-. d.
The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1939-1949, 1941-07-24

first seeding. It can be seeded eth
er in the spring or the fall-he has
tried each, and can find not bit
of difference in the yield or test.
Moseley plans to seed about seven
or eight acres this fall-some of his
land and three bushel on the VIM.
Thomas ranch in Horse Heaven.
There is little doubt in his mind as
to the success of the experiment and
many are awaiting the harvest. -
To any who are interested, MIR.
Moseley is more than willing to talk
to a certain extent about his Mort
gage Litter" and to show. them the
harvested grain. Sometime in the
near future we will have a small dis
play in the printing office window.
and the public may see what Mr..
Moseley has spent six years trying
to achieve and believes that this
crop is the one he has been striving
for.
The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1939-1949, 1941-07-24
Funds Allotted to
Benton Schools;
Above $4,000

Apportionment of $1O,170 to Ben
ton county school districts for July
was announced Tuesday by Mrs.
Ethel Van Syckle, county superin-
tendent of schools.
The total of state current school
funds allotted to Benton county in
July was $685.. The county
equalization fund will provide an
additional 5000 and the county
tax levy the remaining 5000.
The Prosser district will receive
the largest sum with an appor-
tionment of $3.50. Kennewick is
next with S2952. Others include
Richland, $1,196; White Bluffs,
500; Benton City, $613; and Finley
Hover, sos. The smallest sum, $40
will be received by the Summit
district. ,
The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1939-1949, 1941-07-24
VaLLev Farmer Creates Wheat Hybrid
He Claims Is Real "MOrtgage LITTER

On a small ranch near Finley
may live a genius, who in six years
of tireless experimenting has very
nearly perfected an entirely differ
ent and unusual type of wheat that
he has christened "Moseley Mort
gage Litter" Hundreds of wheat
growers have inspected his coveted
plot and to the insistent questions
regarding the types he blended and
crossed he only smiles and states
that that is his secret, but he does
admit that he used six different
types.
With the fullest confidence in his
experiment, Moseley states that he
firmly believes that his wheat will
have as high a protein test as the
standard type. Last year he reported
a 16 percent protein. His crop was
seeded on ground that up to the time
he begun his experiment, had been
irrigated, but he has never turned
any water on from the time of the
The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1939-1949, 1941-07-24
Provide Alternate
Means for ...>
Marketing Wheat

BY placing the accent penalty on
excess wheat in. escrow with the
County AAA committee while the
excess is being stored, the way i'm
mediately can be cleared for the is
suance of marketing cards to nom
cooperating producers, it was reveal
ed today by Fred Wilson, Chairman
of the Benton County Agricultural
Conservation Association.
z 1--WE believe that this procedure
not only will greatly facilitate the
distribution of marketing cards, but
will be more in line with the phil
osophy of the marketing quota law"
Fred Wilson declared. after all,
marketing quotas were adopted by
the nations wheat farmers for the
purpose of bolstering the price Of
wheat by Withholding from market
wheat produced in excess of the
quota. Payment of the penalty and
marketing of the excess wheat would
only serve to depreSs market prices
on free wheat, and defeat the pur-
pose of the entire program"
Fred. wilson pointed Out Jnat the
excess wheat can be secured either
by depositing in escrow funds not to
exceed 49 cents per bushel, or ware
house receipts in the amount of the
excess wheat involved, or it can be
stored under bond. Amy one of these
methods will pave the way for i'm
mediate issuance of the marketing
cards, he said. Producers also have
the option of surrendering the excess
wheat to the Secretary of Agricul-
ture for relief distribution, it was
pointed out.
Under terms of the recently adopt
ed wheat marketing quota law, ex-
cess wheat is interpreted as wheat
produced on acres in excess of the
wheat acreage allotments establish
ed for each farm, and is computed
on a basis of the normal or actual
yield, whichever is the smaller. Far
mers cooperating with the national
farm program are not affected by
the law since they have seeded with
in their acreage allotmentS.
The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1939-1949, 1941-07-24
ONLY FEW POTS GIVEN

Kennewick'S aluminium drive has
begged down. As matter of fact,
it never even got q start. Only a
few pots have been left at the fire
station corner so far, and If there
is any considerable quantity collect
ed here a concentrated drive will
have to be undertaken in the opin-
ion of those who have the stunt
dn charge.
The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1939-1949, 1941-07-24
Local LOOT. Holds
Installation of Officers

The I.O.O.F. met in regular ses-
sion Monday evening. The feature
highlight of the evening was install
lation of officers. Grin Fisher,
district deputy grand master acted as
installing officer assisted by E. A.
Silliman as grand marshall. Off
GERS installed were Archie Bishop,
noble grand; Kessler Campbell, vice
grand; Roy Larkin, RSNG; Harry
Davis, LSNG; John Dickinson, RS
VIC; Elmo Jones, LSVG; Ward
Rupp, chaplain; Oscar Smith, war
den; Bill Britton, conductor; Rob-
ert Gregg, inside guardian and Clyde
Higley, outside guardian. Later
in the evening cards and refresh
ments were enjoyed.
The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1939-1949, 1941-07-24
Mayor Resigns

Sam Allard, longtime mayor OF
Verrita, has resigned. He doesn't
care who his successor may be for
he has sold out, lock, stock and bar
rell, quit his 30-year job of minding
the irrigation pumps and he and
Mrs. Allard are now going to spend
the rest of their lives having fun.
They plan to visit all their relatives
on both sides Of the family, take in
a lot of sights they have always
wanted to see and in general have
a whoopin' good time from now on.
The Kennewick courier-reporter. [volume] (Kennewick, Wash.) 1939-1949, 1941-07-24
Red Cross Swim School
Starts July 18th
1000 am. Beginner swimmers
HOO am. intermediate swimmers
100 pm. Swimmers -~--~--
200 pm. Junior Life Saving
3:15 pm. Glasses for ladies' ,-
400 pm. Senior Life Saving

Pasco and Kennewick will sponsor
a two weeks Red Cross swimming
school, starting Monday, July 18th,
and young and old are invited to
take advantage of the expert in
structions offered for the two weeks.
Lester Roberts has been assigned
as instructor. MIR. Roberts has
taught in PaSco during the past
years and is considered one Of the
foremost instructors sent out by the
National Red Cross. .,
All classes are free as funds for
the classes are furnished by the Red
Cross. Glasses are open to anyone
desiring to attend. Those who pass
the required examination at the end
of the course will be awarded Ger
tificates and Junior and Senior Life
Savers may purchase emblems and
buttons for small fee.