davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily monitor. (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1940-1942, 1941-05-23
Legal Notices

Marie M. Dryman Aubrey and william
Dryman. Minors Estate-June 2, 1O41
STATE OF MICHIGAN. The Probate
Court for the County of Macomb.
At a session of said Court. held at
the Probate Office In the City of Mt.
Clemens. in said County, on the 5th
day Of May A. d. l94l.
Present: Hon. Joseph v. Trombly.
Judge of Probate.
In the Matter of the Estate of Marie
M. Dryman Aubrey and william Dryman,
Minors. No. 1878.
James w. Aubrey having filed In said
Court q petition praying for license to
sell the interest OF said estate In certain
real estate therein described.
1t Is Ordered. That the End day Of
June A. d. l94L at two O'Clock In the
afternoon. at said Probate Office, be and
is hereby appointed for hearing said
petition;
1t is Further Ordered, That further no
ticc thereof be given by publication Of
q copy of this order. for three success
sive weeks previous to said day of
hearing. In the Daily Monitor, . news
paper printed and circulated In said
County. ,
JOSEPH w. TROMBLY.
A true copy. Judge of Probate.
MARY HARRISON.
Register Of Probate.
May 0. 10. EDMONTON
The daily monitor. (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1940-1942, 1941-05-23

Of May A. d 1871.
Present: Hon. Joseph v. Trombly.
Judge Of Probate.
In the Matter of the Estate of Mario
Eschsuburg. Dscesssd.
Carl c. Eschenburg. having tilsd .
petition. praying that IN instrument filed
In said Court b admitted 10 Prohats -
the lest win and testament of said De-
ceased and that administration Of sstd
estate Be granted 10 said petitioner. Carl
c. Eschsnburg. the executor named In
said VIII. or some other Suitable per
son.
II \ Ordered. That the ma day Of
June A. d. le<l. st tan o'clock In the
forenoon. 1t said Probate Office b hsrs-
by appointed for hearing said petition.
II u Further Ordered, That public no
tice thereof be given by publication Of
q copy hereof. once each week. /. three
successive weeks previous 10 said day
of hearing In the Daily Monitor. . news
paper printed and circulated tn said
County.
JOSEPH v. TROMBLY.
A true copy Judge OF Probate.
NELSON ZOTT.
Deputy Register Of Probate.
May Q. 10. 23-MONITOR
The daily monitor. (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1940-1942, 1941-05-23
Change Of Name Of Robert y. Frest
June L. 1871

Change Of Name Of Robert y. Frost
June I, 1871
STATE OF MICHIGAN. The Probate
Court for the County Of Macomb.
At q session of said Court. held at
the Probate Office in the City of Mt.
Clemens, In said County, on the 7th day
Of May A. D. le4l.
Present: Hon. Joseph v. Trombly.
Judge Of Probate.
In the Matter of Il Change Of Name
of Robert r. Frost, an Adult.
On reading and filing the petition OF
the said Robert r.. Frost praying that
his name be changed to Robert n.
Toles.
It il Ordered, That the 4th day Of June
A. D. l94l, at ten o'clock In the fore
noon, at said Probate office. be and II
hereby appointed for hearing said petit
tion
II Is Further Ordered, That public
notice thereof be given by publication Of
. copy Of this order. for three success
sivs w elys previous to said day Of hear
ing, In the Daily Monitor. . nswspapsr
printed and circulated In said county.
JOSEPH v. TROMBLY,
"A true copy.) Judge Of Probate.
MARY HARRISON.
Register Of Probate.
May Q, Is. 23-MONITOR
The daily monitor. (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1940-1942, 1941-05-23
Charles W. Hsits Estate-Ciaims
Sent l. 1871

Charles ". Hsits Estate-Ctsims
Sept. .. 1871
STATE OF MICHIGAN, The Probate
Court for the County Of Macomb.
AZ . session Of said Court. held ct
the Probate Office In the City Of Mt.
Clemens IN said County. on the fth
day of Nay ls4i.
Present Honorable Joseph v. Trombly.
Judge Of Probate.
In the Matter Of the Estate of Charles
w. Holtx. Deceased.
II appearing to the Court that the time
for presentation of the claims against
said estate should be limited and that
. time and place be appointed 10 receive.
examine and adjust all claims and de-
mands against said deceased by and be-
fore said Court:
II u Ordered. That creditors of said
deceased are required to present their
claims to said Court ct said Probate Of
flee on or before the 9Th day Of Sep
TENDER 1871, at nine o'clock in the fore
noon. said time and place being hereby
appointed for the examination and sd-
justment OF all claims and demands
against said deceased.
II Is Further Ordered. That public no.
The daily monitor. (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1940-1942, 1941-05-23

cult Judge.
II appearing 10 the sstfsfeee1un q she
Court thst The shove nasDea 6soananaes
are necesaary end Ueooor Qasstee - ~
above entitled ceuss. sn1 further -
pearins to the Court Inst hiram calktWs.
Moses rsrr. Mosss vssrand. Johu 3
Cole. william Dstts.. Jonsh Hixaa. Joha
@. Cole. John I. Cole. and rrodeYich
S. Crissman. their unknown hsirr. devi.
sees legstees and assigns are dae1 o.
their residences unknown. on motion -
Luther c. Green. attorney Tor Plain
tiffs. Il Is ordered. thst the appearance
of the said defendants, their unknown
heirs. devi.ees, leSstees and assigns. b.
entered In this cause within thres months
from the date Of this order. and In case
of their appearance or the appearance
of any of them. they respectively cause
their answer or answers TO the bill of
complaint In this cause to be filed, and
q copy thereof 10 be wed on the At
torney for the plaintiff within fifteen
days after service on them. or such OF
them rs appear respectively. or their
respective attorneys. with . copy OF the
said bill of complaint and notice of this
order. and that In default Thereof the
said bill of complaint be taken Is con-
The daily monitor. (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1940-1942, 1941-05-23

tice thereof be given by publication Of
. copy of this order. once In each week
for three weeks eouSscutively. previous
to said day Of hearing. In the Daily
Monitor. Q newspaper printed and
circulated In said County.
JOSEPH v. TROMBLY,
true COPY. Judge of Probate.
ELIANORE wALENTOwICZ.
Deputy Register Of Probate.
May .. 10. 23-MONITOR
The daily monitor. (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1940-1942, 1941-05-23

IN TRE CIRCUIT COURT ron THE
COUNTY OF MACOMB IN CHANCERY
Jesse W. Alverson and Matte z Alver-
son. Plaintiffs.
Hiram Calkins. Moses Fsrr. Moses
Farrsnd. John s. Cole. William Belts.
Jonah Htxon. John @. Cole. John I.
Cole and Frederick s. ~rissman, their un-
known heirs, devisees. legatees and as
signs. Defendants
ORDER FOR APPEARANCE
AZ q session Of said Court held at the
Court House in the City of Mount Glenn
ems. on the 9th day OF April A. d.
i94l.
Present: Hon. James r. Spier. Cir
The daily monitor. (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1940-1942, 1941-05-23

Marie Esehenburg Estste-yuns &. 1871
STATE OF MICHIGAN, The Probate
Court for the County Of Macomb.
At Q session of said Court, held st
the Probate Office in the City of Mt.
Clemens in said County, on the Sth day
The daily monitor. (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1940-1942, 1941-05-23
SUPERIOR
FEED CO.
HARPER AT . MILE ROAD
Phone Roseville 1850
WE DELIVER

SPECIAL REDUCED PRICES on Downs
baby chicks for May and June VIII
begin April 18th hatch.
PHONE Romeo SOL or write for new
price list. Four to eight cent reduction
on Special Mating White Leghorns
Downs Paultry Farm. Romeo. Michigan.
The daily monitor. (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1940-1942, 1941-05-23
Used Cars For Sale G-zA

1897 FORD l.door. rebuilt motor, $265.
1887 Chevrolet 2-door. radio. heater,
spotless inside and out, good rubber,
$345. 1897 Buick 4-door, 20 series.
double fender wells. tires like new.
heater. 436S. 1850 Nash +-door. motor
perfect, $S43. 1889 Plymouth. $4,000
miles. built-in radio. heater. $473. 1899
Dodge t-door, good paint Job. radio and
hester. good rubber, spotless interior.
$4oS. 1899 Chevrolet 2-door. $3.50. 1887
Chevrolet 4-door, 1885. JOHNS AUTO
SALES, Gratiot at Church st.. Mt.
Clemens.
The daily monitor. (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1940-1942, 1941-05-23
GARAGES

Used CAN sARoAIsS AND Pants
General Repairing. Wald1no Z paantins
ge0ELDUBCuT O0Oo.
0ratiet at A-e1 phoos ~
The daily monitor. (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1940-1942, 1941-05-23
handspring

Al PASTURE SOD. Laid 25c per square
yd. Delivered i6c. Black dirt. Free ssti-
mates Phone l08o-M after $50.
The daily monitor. (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1940-1942, 1941-05-23

FLOWER BOXES called for. planted and
delivered. $l.0O. plus plants. Gratiot
Garden Supply. North Grat!ot at JOY
Blvd. Phone 1880. Open Evenings.
The daily monitor. (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1940-1942, 1941-05-23

GET OUR NEW Low Prices on
Chicks for Nay and June
Hatchcs off every Monday
Single comb White LeRhons, Barred
Rocks and White Rocks
U. S. Approved Chicks
WHITE WING
POULTRY FARM d HATCHERY
Walter rlickingeI. Prop.
62si Van Dyke. Phone Utica 747-W.
FEED BULLETS NOW
For Lots Of Big Eggs
Next Foil -.
Now Is the time to build real egs-making
ability into your birds to grow
big. well-developed pullets that will
60 into the nest early and lay lots Of
big eggs in the fall when prices are
usually highest.
FOLLOW THE PURINA PLAN for grow
ing pullets-feed GROWENA, the
complete feed :. or Growing Chow TO
be fed with grain. We sell both Of these
feeds and will be glad to serve you.
The daily monitor. (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1940-1942, 1941-05-23
Garages

ART EPPLER'S GARAGE
Repairing Painting Dumping
North Ave. at Scott Blvd.
The daily monitor. (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1940-1942, 1941-05-23

Professional Landscaping Service.
Seeding, Sodding. Planting. Finish Grad
ing. Free Estimates. Tel. 1904
The daily monitor. (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1940-1942, 1941-05-23

FOR fETTERHIADs INST csmbans a.
tinction and Utility. TIE MILLS
NEWSpAPER0' Job Printing DspoFtmenI
moro ll31.
The daily monitor. (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1940-1942, 1941-05-23

LAWNMOWERS SHARPENED and re-
paired. Pickup and delivery. Ideal
Lawnmower Service. 20% Riverside Dr..
Phone 673-J
The daily monitor. (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1940-1942, 1941-05-23
MOTOR OILS

CENTRAL PElaN-PETR0lEUM on CO
Motor. crude. usetos Oll8 I'll gSa1e2
Alfron z Ehske. Asp ~ Wells o.
PhOe,a ut. Clemens ~
The daily monitor. (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1940-1942, 1941-05-23
LAWNMOWER SERVICE

lAWNMOWERS
Sharpened and Serviced
Towards Sharpening Shop
81 Park Ave-, (Of North GratiotD
Authorized Silent Yard-Man Service
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-02-11
0GPU Slew Him,
Ex-Red Insists
international New. Service Wire

NEW YORK, Feb. 11.-Gen
Walter Krivitsky was murdered
by the OGPU, it was contendeo
today by Benjamin Gitlow, former
head of the American Communists
group, who refused to accept the
possibility of suicide.
"Krivitsky was murdered"
Gitlow maintained. "Stalin's
agents In this country have
completed the job they were as
signed to do. From what i
have heard of Krivitsky. suicide
was entirely out of his thoughts"
Benjamin Stolberg. labor
writer, said Krivitsky had told
him he expected to be killed and
that his death would be framed
to appear as a suicide.
Boris Shub, Krivitsky's trans
lator, said he was not of the type
to resort to suicide;
~ have worked with him and
I know his temperament" Shub
said. He was too convinced OF
his own Importance to consider
suicide. Besides, he was a fatal
ist. He felt that eventually the
OGPU would get him and he was
resigned to that"
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-02-11
Crusade That Failed

The Russo-Polish War was the
one serious attempt made by
Moscow to carry bolshevism into
western Europe on the bayonets
Of the Red army. 1t failed &.
In the beginning of 1921 i.
hunger, peasant uprisings, revolt
by the sailors of Kronstadt and
a general strike of Leningrad
workers brought the Russian
Soviet government to the very
brink of disaster.
The Comintern, caught in this
desperate situation. decided that
the only way of saving bolshe-
vism in Russia was through a
revolution in Germany.
But the Communist effort in
Germany broke down COM
pletely. Their loyal, trained
party regulars =. were sent to
their death by the party. bat
talon by battalion, more ruth
lessly than Ludendorff had sent
his troops into battle BY
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-02-11
Feared
.OGPU.s
Vengeance
BY EDWIN C. STEIN
Init New. Service star Correspondent

49," @-'"" - 49, 49,
NEW YORK. Feb. 11.-Ever
since his arrival in the United
States in 1899 as a fugitive from
Stains Soviet blood purge. Gen
Walter G.. Krivitsky had lived in
fear that agents of the dreaded
IOGPU, whose inner workings he
exposed, would discover his where
abouts and kill him.
He and his New York lawyer
Louis Waldman. took elaborate
pains TO keep his residence and
movements secret. especially after
publication by the Saturda y
Evening Post of sensational
series Of articles exposing Soviet
conspiracies throughout the world
including the United States, and
testimony he later gave before the
Dies committee in Washington
when he declared that Red agents
were operating in the American
army and navy.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-02-11
Nest of Spies

On a May morning in 1884,
was with Volnyski, the chief o.
the counter-espionage section o.
the OGPU, in his office on the
tenth floor of the Lubianka
Building in Moscow. Suddenly
from the street below we heard
the sound of music and of sing
ing men. Looking down we saw
q parade in progress.
The marchers were 800 mem
bers of the Austrian socialist
army, the Schutzbund, who hac
fought heroically on the barri'
cades in Vienna against the
Fascist heimwehr. Soviet Russo
had given refuge to this sinai
battalion of socialist fighters.
"How many spies do you
suppose there are among
them, Krivitsky?" he (Volny-
SIKH asked in the most natural
tone of voice. 4
mot one" / replied angrily.
you're making big mis-
take" he said. I'm six or seven
months 20 per cent of them
will be sitting in the Lubianka
Prison"
Voinyski was a good judge Of
the way in which the Stair
machine functioned. Of the 30f
Austrians. not a single one re
mains today on Soviet territory
Many of them were arrested
soon after their arrival. Other:
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-02-11

returned to their native land
TO serve long prison sentences.
Better behind bars in Aus
tria," they said, than at lib
erty in the Soviet Union"
/ worked with the Comintern
for the first time in 1920, during
the Russo-Polish War. I was
then attached to the Soviet mill
tary intelligence for the vest
ern front, which had its head
quarters in Smolensk. =
On the day that the Red army
of Tukhachevsky stood before
the gates of Warsaw, Dombal, a
peasant deputy, declared in the
Polish Parliament:
81 do not see in the Red
army an anemy. On the con-
trary, I greet the Red army as
a friend of the Polish people"
Dombal was Immediately ~
rested E. (but) the Soviet
government finally obtained his
release, after three years. He
came to Moscow, lavish honors
were heaped upon him, and for
more than a decade Dombal was
one of the most important nom
Russians in the Communist
International.
In 1886 he was arrested on
the charge of having been a
Polish spy for 16 years. The
.OCPU decided that Dombals
greeting to the Red army, as
well as his three-year prison
term, were part of prearranged
plot of the Polish military intel
ligence. Dombal was executed.
During the Russo-Polish War
members of the Polish Com
munist Party aided us in organ
izing s age, in creating
diversion and in impeding the
arrival of munitions from
France
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-02-11

The years of l92s-32 marked the life of the first
fve-vear plan They were the years of our heaviest
purchases abroad of machinery and materials for the
gigantic drive 10 ndIstralize Soviet Russia. One OF
the major consequences of that drive was an acute
shortage Of foreign exchange in Moscow.
And this led 10 what may be called Stain five
year eounterfeing plan, bold experiment launched
with printing of about $l0OOO00O i'll bogus United
States currency.
In the of these years the globe crced by
trail spurious 500 Federal Reserve Bank notes They st
trckled and later flowed into United States treasury
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-02-11

NEW YORK, Feb. 11.-Con,
WINGED that her husband was the
victim of agents of the OGPU, the
dread Soviet secret police, Mrs
Tanya Krivitsky remained in Sc
clusion in New York today in q
rendezvous known only TO close
and trusted friends.
The widew-efAGeiiefl@.4t4s AstItef.G
Krivitsky, once a Soviet military
intelligence chief, who was founc
shot to death in a Washington no.
tel, feels that she may be next or
the OGPU list, according to her
friends.
A half-dozen trusted friends OF
the Krivitsky family volunteered
for the task of guarding the widow
of the man who lived his last days
in constant fear of an OGPU
assassin.
He could not have killed HIM
self" friends quoted Mrs.
Krivitsky as sobbing repeatedly
when informed of her husbands
death in Washington. "He could
not have gone to Washington for
that"
Her husband had told her, Mrs
Krivitsky was quoted as explain
ing, that he had gone to Washing
ton to confer with Rep. Martin
Dies, before whose committee he
had given sensational and damag-
ing testimony against the Com
munist party. He hoped also, she
said, to find farm in Virginia
where the family could feel itself
safe and secure from the OGPU.
"He never-not at any time
had a gum" Mrs. Krivitsky was
quoted by her friends. 81 know
it. He was trailed and our
apartment was watched. 1 know
that. They were after him. They
were after him."
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-02-11
Capital Agencies
Probe Death of
Ex-Red Spy
CONTINUED from Page One)

Continued from Page One)
days are limited He asked me
TO do two things for his protec-
tion-first, to ask the Federal
Bureau OF Investigation TO pro-
vide a bodyguard.
HE said he felt he was en-
titled TO this, as he had been
cooperating with fedora
agencies, and providing them
with information. l told him he
should take this up with the
FBI when he came to Wash
ington.
Second, he asked me to get
him a permit to carry gun,
for self protection. l had taken
this up In New York, when I
was notified today of his
death -
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-02-11
TrOfsky Next?

NEW YORK. Feb. 11.--Mrs.
Leon Trotsky, widow of the
former Communist army leader
who was aSsassinated recently in
Mexico, is next on the list of the
OGPU. it was predicted today by
Albert Goldman. a labor lawyer
and former Communist Party
member.
Attributing the death of Gen.
Walter G. Krivitsky to the
OGPU, Goldman said he had
just returned from Mexico City
with positive information of a
plot against Mrs. Trotsky's life.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-02-11
Widow Guarded
Friends of Ex.Spy Keep Her in Seclusion Fearing
That She May Be Marked as OGPU Victim

About a month ago. Mrs Krivit-
sky revealed. her husband had
been warned by telephone that
Hans" was in town.
HE Is the agent who tried to
kill my husband three years ago
In Marseilles," the widow said.
Since the publication of Krivit-
sky'S expose of Stain and his Sc
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-02-11

cret police. the family including
their 7-year-old son, Alex, led a
hunted life. according to Mrs. Kri-
vitsky. They appeared. however,
TO be in comfortable circum-
stances, according to their last
neighbors.
OF the heavy guard at the Kri-
whisky household today. a friend
said
"NO one knOws-not even the
OGPU-how much General Kri-
whisky may have cOnfided to his
wife. She may have in her pos
session names, episodes. infor-
nation, that are dynamite"
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-02-11

from Shanghai and San Francisco, from
Houston and New York, from Montreal
and Havana, from Warsaw and Geneva
and Bucharest, from Berlin and Vienna,
from Bulgaria and Yugosavia.
1t was no mere whim of a bureaucratic
mind which invented the counterfeiting
enterprise. Dire economic necessity was
its mother The fund of foreign exchange
in the Soviet treasury was woefuly in
adequate for the frst-line industrial de-
partments. -
It put the purely political and nen-
productive branches of the government,
such as the foreign divisions of the OGPU
and the Soviet military intelligence, in a
critical budgetary condition at time when
they. too. were expanding their services
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-02-11
SERVED REDS II YEARS

General Krivitsky, former Sovie
chief of military intelligence il
western Europe, served as I
Soviet agent for II years before
breaking away from the Moscow
regime because of the blood purge!
OF 1886 and 1887.
MATTERS reached point
where no one could remain in
the party and not take an active
part in the purge" he told the
Dies committee in 1889. "When
Stain ordered me to participate,
! broke with Stain.
"In 1885 Stain began purg-
ing all those who wanted to
demOcratize the Soviet Union.
All Of the leading figures were
wiped out. In 1886 Stain de-
strOyed $4,000 members of the
officers corps In the Red army,
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-02-11
Former 0GPU Chief Barred
HuQe Counterfeit Plot

The foouns excerpts of sensational articles
kripitsky for the Saturday EVenns Post IN
Of Russia The
Soviet military chief ho found shot death under
mysterious a Washington hotel Yesterday
here by
Saturday Evening Post KriVskyk
pietu OF hat uent on behind the
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-02-11
TEXT OF NOTES

KriVitsky'S notes were found II
an envelope addressed to Valid
man. and were declared by Cor
oner Macdonald to be positivel,
identified in Krivitsky's handwrit
ing
eI'he first. in English. and ad
dressed to Waldman, read as fol
lows:
Dear Mr.. WaIdman:
"My wife and boy will need
your help. Please do for them
what you can, yours
(SignedD,
'WALTER -KRIXITSKY.
Up. ST. went to Virginia be-
cause l know that there can
get the gun. II my wife and my
friends should have trouble,
please, Mr.. Waldman, help them.
They are good people, and didn't
know why / bought the gun"
The note to his wife and sol
read as follows:
This is very difficult and I
want to live very badly, but 1t
Is impossible. 1 love you, my
only one. 1t Is difficult for me
to write, but think about me and
then you will understand that 1
must go. Don't tell Alex yet
where his father Is gone. I be-
lieve that I'm time you will tell
him, because IL will he best for
him. Forgive, Il Is very hard to
write. Take care of him and be
a good mother TO him, and be al
ways quiet and never get angry
at him.
"He Is very good. and always
very pale. Good people will help
you, but not enemies. 1 think
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-02-11

treasures out OF the population.
The headquarters of the coun-
terfeiting industry was located
in the deepest recesses of the
Soviet secret service. The dis
tributors of the fake currency
were Soviet agents.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-02-11
CHANGE OF NAME

Waldman also revealed Kri-
whisky had launched legal pro-
ceedings to change his name tc
Walter Poref-his wife's nader
name, under which he had regis
tered at The small, family hotei
where he was found dead, in q
fifth-fioor room. with the door
locked from within.
Waldman declared all Krivit'
sky's recent moves-his plans tc
purchase the farm, to change his
name, to secure protection-al
indicated a man who was seek.
ing to start life anew, a man hope.
full of the future, not one who
would take his own life"
There Is nothing to indicate
he contemplated, at any time.
self-destruction,' he insisted.
land l urge this case be held
open."