davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-11-20
No CIemency for Duchess

SAN QUENTIN PRISON, Cal,
Nov. 20.--(INSb-Denied eXecu-
tive clemency after three re-
prieves. Juanita The Duchess ,
Spinelli. 53-year-old mother and
convicted head of q murder gang,
today was 10 be brought 10 san
Quentin for execution Friday, the
first woman ever TO be executed
under California law.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-11-20
labor unions hav'
entered the American

TIME labor unions have
entered the American
picture and it is said
that they are a necessity be-
cause the growth of great
corporations has removed the
personal bond between en-
plOyer and employee and
made it necessary for the
workers to deal collectively
on all matters of wages and
employment.
Some employers have
fought labor uniOns-largely
through force of habit.
That has produced a race of
union leaders chosen because
of their ability to fight with
employers.
This is a passing phase.
The labor unions have DEM
Onstrated their usefulness
and i'm the course of time
they will demonstrate their
responsibility.
For the employer and the
employee are on the same
side of the fence-bOth are
utterly dependent upon the
customer.
If the customer has not the
money to buy or if he does
not desire to buy, there is no
work for either employer or
employee and there is moth
ing which labor unions or en-
-pleyer associations or anyone
else UP to date has been able
to do about it.
TN SPITE of all the talk
about clashes between la.
Dor and capital, it is rare
indeed for any dispute long to
continue VIII eh=involves
wages, hours or working con-
ditiOns or any of the subjects
on which labor and capital
are supposed to differ.
The disputes which do not
get settled are those among
employees and into which the
employer is dragged but with
which he has nothing to do.
The chief of these at the
moment turns about what is
commonly known as tn e
closed shOp-which means
that an employer will not
hire any man except as pro-
vided by the union and will
not retain i'm his employment
any man who does not con-
tinue i'm good standing with
the union.
So much legal sophistry
has gathered around the
closed shop that one is apt to
forget it does not involve n
question between employer
and employee.
1t is solely a question be-
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-11-20
Defense Plants
ToCIose Soon,
Say MineChiefs
Only Have Enough Coal
for Few More Days;
PIT Strikes Spread

Coal strike threatens industrial
production ............. age
Crisis keeps Roosevelt ar Tie
White House ..........,Paee
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-11-20

out what to do with Harry.
And i'm so doing, something
very precious may be lost.
That something is freedom.
Sincerely yours,
SAMUEL CROWTHER.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-11-20

others into the munitiOn fac
tories, and war became the
dominating industry.
The people traded in their
freedom, but they got in re-
turn something very different
from what they had eX-
pected.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-11-20
THAT was called the iron
law of wages.

In fact 1t never eX-
listed and it never could exist,
for workers are not mani
mate human beings of ex-
actly equal qualifications and
employers are not inanimate
human beings of exactly equal
qualifications.
The history of our own
country proves cOnclusively
to the discontinue of the
theOrists-that wages have
steadily risen and that when
work has been slack the COM
munity has seen to it that no
one starved.
There has never been a pc
riOd when responsible en-
ployers lowered wages faster
than the cost of living went
down-althOugh there have
been frequent periods when
the amount of work to be
done was so slight that the
total amount of wages paid
to do that work was not
enough to support all of
those who had to depend on
for their support.
We do not yet know
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-11-20

enough to know why slack
times and depressiOns come.
But they do come. We only
know that neither employers
nor employees cause them,
or they are equally disas-
trOus to both.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-11-20

tween the union and the pub
lie.
The unions say with great
apparent force and lucidity
that, i'm order to perform the
highest service, they must
have a control over their
members and therefore must
control who shall and who
shall not be employed.
That is plain enough.
But it is only a part of the
story.
Something much larger is
involved.
And that something goes
to the very root of freedom.
TIME question does not
really involve the en-
plOyer at all.
The employer who is inter-
ested only in results-whO
sees his whole business in
terms of the money balance
sheet and income amount
will not bother himself much
about the unions or their
membership SO long as the
days work gets done.
1t is all one to such an en-
plOyer whether his men are
union or nOn-uniOn.
He will take the easiest
way and trust to bargaining
with the union to avoid any
disturbance of wOrk-espe-
cially when there is plenty of
work and he does not have to
bother about prices.
But the responsible EN-
ployer sees something beyond
the days work.
He sees himself as a public
servant who gets the orders
and provides the tools which
cause men to be hired for the
days work.
And, just as he will not
seek an unfair monopoly for
his own goods monopoly
which will unfairly deprive
others of wOrk-he will not
promote a monopoly of labor.
He will not revert to the
Middle Ages and set up a
guild which claims a mOnop-
oily of both work and work
erS.
He will say:
81 lciH not create a mo-
nopoly.
If monopolieS are
acdnted, that is for the peo-
pie, through their govern
me1't, to impose.
81 piU not 0b0ndoD the
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-11-20

Continued from rage ohel
cover "a satisfactory substi-
tute for freedom.
~ OMEONE has said that
- freedom il not just a
- soaring eagle-that a
poor man can never be free
and that we must think OF
freedom not rs for something
but a. freedom from some
thing-freedom from want.
And that unless we can
attain an economic security
for the least of us. freedom is
only "A kind of drug word to
divert men from the realities.
There are many who say:
iitnt d0 Y0U mean bY
frCfdoHs.
"Fr6Cd0~ to StQrrc!'
The cults of socialism all
hold out the promise of a
greater freedom if only the
individual trades i'm some of
his lesser freedoms for Sc
curity-that true freedom
can be attained only through
the temporary sacrifice of
what we have thought are
rights and freedoms, but
which are really only Obsta-
cIes which by FOLKLORE think
ing we have put in our own
path.
The Russian revolution
some twenty years ago held
out the bright promise that,
if only men and women would
submit to a transient dicta-
tOrship of the proletariat and
the merging of all their prop
erty i'm a common pool, there
would emerge i'm due course a
classics society in which
everyone would be equal and
everyone would be free.
TINE Russian people gave
up their brand of free
dOm-and a very poor
brand it was-but the great
freedom and security which
were to be theirs have not vet
been delivered. The dictator
ship is real and the freedom
remains a mirage.
The Italian people traded
with MussOlini and the Ger
mans traded with Hitler to
end unemployment and to at
tain security, and both Mus
solini and Hitler ende d
unemployment, but not i'm the
way that had been expected,
and they have provided only
the everlasting security Of
the grave.
They provided work, it is
true, but they did not provide
work out of which would
come useful goods wh0Yk diff
fusion through the hatiOn
would raise the general we'll
being and prosperity of the
people.
Instead, they provided
goods for war.
They took away the en-
ployer's right to hire and to
fire, but also they took away
the workers right to choose
his job or to quit.
They put the abIe-bodied
men into the army and the
a
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-11-20

defense Of the freedom of
the worker To choose
-4rAetheEhe-aeiA belong to-e-
uliOn or not.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-11-20

brings us back tC
Harry.
If one be employing
Harry, il is more than irritat-
ing to have him quit an inn.
portant job that needs doing
and for no reason that makes
sense.
If one be Harry, il is per
fectly intOlerable to be held
to a job when one wants ia
quit and for reasons that dc
make sense to him, even il nc
enc else understands them.
There is a twilight area
where what makes sense to
one does not make sense t.
another.
For instance, an employer
told me that i'm a mill he was
operating, a single big win
dow high in the wall gave
endless trouble and wa
nearly the cause of a strike.
When that window was
open, "A current of fresh air
blew i'm and, while some of
the men called ii fresh air
that they had to have, Others
of the men called it a draft
which they could not stand.
The fresh air delegation
battled with the draft delega.
ton and they were nearly al
blows, with no solution any.
where in sight, when the pro.
priet0r suggested that the
work positions be rearranged
so that those who wanted the
fresh air could have it and
those who did not want il
could be out of the draft.
~ YER i'm England some
years ago, the employ
in the engineering
trades thought it would be in
the interests of production
and of the men to start the
work day at eight o'clock, al
low half an hour for lunch
and end at fOur-thirty.
The men had been coming
at seven, taking a half hour
out for breakfast i'm the
morning, AN hour for lunch
and quitting at fOur-thirty.
The new arrangement i'm.
vOlved exactly the same num-
Der of hours of work and il
seemed reasonable to expect
the men would like to have
breakfast at home, make a
later start and work through.
But the men could not see
that at all.
The union spokesman de-
clared with the utmost sin
certify that most of their
members did not like to eat
breakfast so early i'm the
morning, and a battle ragged,
-----------------...--
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-11-20
FAIRLEss ACCEPTS

The JAW policy committee Will
meet that da yand probably hear
Lewis urge rejection of Mr.. RooSe-
velt's latest plea for settlement
in which the President urged both
Lewis and the steel company
heads TO agree either to Act the
union shop quarrel rest during
the emergency, or submit Il TO
arbitration
BENJAMIN EairleSS- preSlaent--et
limited States Steel wired his &C
ceptance to the Chief Executive
but Lewis replied in a character
istic letter accusing Mr. Roosevelt
of being "prejudicial' against the
miners. and indicating strongly
that he will urge the UNIV policy
committee TO reject the proposal
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-11-20
By GRHFING BANCROFT
lntl News service stan CoTrrsPontcnt

WASHINGTON. Nov. 20
Spokesman for soft coal operators
declared today That many vital
defense plants viii be forced 10
close in Il r. wdayS because Of the
spreading coal strike.
Considerably less than six
weeks supply of fuel is above
ground now: several steel COM
panies already are curtaiitng opcr-
ations. and many other plants
have enough for only short time,
the operators SAID
These gloomy statements came
as President Roosevelt and John
L. Lewis, United Mine Workers
chieftain, remained doadlocked
with the next showdown IN the
tense situation slated for Saturday.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-11-20
with a number of walkOuts
and general strike threats.
The men finally won.
we begin to talk
w of the days work ir

VA HEN we Degln 10 taih
wv of the days work ir
broad terms of labO,
and capital, of strikes and Of
lOckOuts. we may easily blind
ourselves to the fact that we
are not dealing with inani-
mate objects which may be
moved around like pawns on
a cheSsbOard and that actu-
ally no disputes ever arise be-
tween labor and capital as
such.
There is always the danger
that, i'm the broad thinking,
the human beings may be
forgotten and the rights of
these human beings so cir
cumscribed that freedom is
actually destroyed in the very
process of guaranteeing free
dom.
Years ago the theorists
worked out that wages were
beyond the control of either
employer or employee and
were governed solely by the
amount of the labor supply in
relation TO the amount of
work.
If there were more workers
than jobs, wages would sink
below the point of sustenance
and the labor supply would
be reduced by starvation.
When there were more jobs
than workers, the employers
would bid up the wages and
then the workers would have
large families and eventually
the labor supply would be so
great that the wages could be
reduced. and the terrible
cycle start all over again.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-11-20
He will say:

81 WiH not create a mo-
n0poly.
If mOnOpOlies are
1Cdnted, that is for the peo-
pie, through their govern
ment, to impose.
81 16iU not abandon the
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-11-20


Both UNIV and operator
spokesman openly predicted
that the strike. which started
with $4,000 miners i'm pits owned
and operated by the steel COM
panies, will have spread by to-
morrow to include virtually all
OF the 400, 900 men In the COM
mercial fields who are walking
out in sympathy.
Best estimates were that lOO,-
600 of the commercial diggers'
had quit by the close Of the
working day last night
- Bitterly blaming the UNIV fo1
assertedly instigating the sym
pathy strikes, operators said they
would invoke a harsh S2-per-day'
per-man strike penalty in the
commercial agreements in an at
tempt to end this phase OF the
walkout.
UNIV DISOwNS STRIKES
The UNIV. however. retaliateo
by denying it had anything Official
10 do with the strike spread, anc
contending that Lewis, in letter
last September 10 10 the operators
had put them on notice that re-
fuSal by the steel company owned
mines TO agree 10 the union shoE
would jeopardize the commercial
agreements and thus permit thu
men to walk out.
In Congress. new demands To-
Immediate apti-strike Legislation
were voiced, with the usually pro
labor committees of both House
ready to act.
The Senate committee appointe'
a sub-group to study bills callinl
for compulsory &C ooling off
periods and secret ballot election
before strikes. ~
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-11-20
SPREAD PREDICTED

The overall picture Of the strike
situation in the capital during the
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-11-20

CONTINUED from Page One)
cover "a satisfactory substi-
tute for freedom.
La gaceta., 1941-09-02
PARA La MUJER DEL HOGAR

10 horas ms lurnirocas, la
ms 4icas en- ilusiones y ensue
nos.
fClando Sc ma llegado a Ia
cumbre de los amos, que insig.
nificante parece la vida Y suS
pasiones!
iCuanto rubor nos sube a las
mejillas, cuanta augusta anida
Ell coraz6n cuanto pensamos en-
las torpezas cometidas por mo.
tivos que no merecfan tenerse
en- cuenta!
iQue ridiculas las rencillas
por hacer triunfar nuestras i
IDEAS propias, por imponer nues
tros pareceres! iCuantas ira
gedias por pequenos motives,
que a menudo nj siquiera nos a.
taiiRn!
Y es que ell ealor que pone la
excesiva juventud en- cuanto
hace y en- cuanto piensa, esta la
causa de muchos dramas, de los
desagrados y Ell motive de los
tardios a~rrepentimientos.
Como TODD ell que ha subido
va la ~cuesta, yo Sc de TODD este
v quiero hoy dirigirme a las j6-
venes que comienzan a vivir y
gritarles: iCuidado!
Los entusiasmos son hermo-
SOS y 81 hermoso tambien ell des-
pliegue de energias y de vita.
lidad; mas hay que tener par
simonia para no equivocar el
camino.
NADIA mas detestable que Ia
juventud sin ideales y sin vehe.
mencia, pero la reflexi6n no es.
ia renida con elias.
Viva, mUjer que me escuchas
tn primavera con algeria. Con
serva y cuida tus doradas ilu.
stones; pero ten cuidado, no gas
ties en- una bora de imprudencis
la felicidad de toda tn existen'
cha.
RE, canta, llora con motive
La gaceta., 1941-09-02
A PEPPER A LOS AIS


Pensacola, Sep. lei Sc
nador Pepper, de Florida, uno
de los mas consistentes lideres
de la politica administrative
de auxilio a la Gran Bretana,
declare hoy ante un audiiorio
en- esta ciudad que ebay algu-
nos en- Washington hoy que
mejor arriesgarian la p6rdida
de merica, que dejar que Roo
sevelt la salvara."
"El espiritu degenerate do
Adolfo Hitler pende como la es-
.pada de Damocles sobre este
pais", dijo aludiendo a las con-
quistas germans en- Europa.
"Y hay aqui de aquellOs que
motivarian que ell pueblo Anne
ricano perdiera la confianza en-
su gobierna", declare Pepper,
agregando que entire eStos Sc
encontraban ell Senador Wheel
er Y Charles A. Lindbergh.
En- otra parte de su perora-
ci6n Pepper atac6 rudamente la
teorfa de que los oceanos Allan
tico y Pacffico aseguran a los
Estados Unidos de TODD ataque,
y asever6: "Ien que hemos de
esperar a que los barcos enemi'
gos aparezcan en- la bahia de
Pensacola"
La gaceta., 1941-09-02
Mirando al Pasado

En- "a edad madura es l6gieo
proceder con cordura y con a.
cierto, va que es la edad de la
reflexi6n y &c la mesura. En-
cambio, Guam dificil resulta
cuando Sc es extremadamente
ioven! 70 q%uisiera poder trans
mitir a todas las mujeres q. CO.
mienzan a vivir, este Sentimien-
to milo de pena los pequenos o
grandes errores cometidos ala
en- la edad en- que TODD parece
factible, gracioso y acceptable,
para que elias no 10 experiment
ten jamas.
Decimos con indulgencia,
cuando presenciamos un acto de
poca cordura; mo tiene I'm
portancia, son t~onterfas pro-
pias de la edad", Y la censura
no pasa de ahi, y generosamen-
tie olvidamos la importunidad
de la palabra dicha, o del acto
ejecutado.
Mas los amos pasan, la re-
flexi6n hace que Sc juzguen los
recuerdos, que Sc analice ell pa
sado, que Sc recuerden los he
chos y muy pronto de este ana
Isis surge Ell pesar del prOce-
der equivocade.
iQue hermoso seria Ell olvi-
do de nuestros errores!
Pero Ell divide no llega para 10
propio. Los demas pueden olvi-
darlo; n~osotros, no.
La voluntad no basta, la vida
sigue su curse, pero ahf esta el
recuerdo, como hojas secas, a.
pretadas en- Ell libro del coraz6n
como flores descoloridas y mus
tias, de las que no podremos
deshacernos y las que siempre
seguiran senalando una epocs
ingrata, un amor, un desamor
un odio o una enemistad.
La vejez trae consigo sereni-
dad, placidez, conformidad;
quizas su dnica amargura es
ell recuerdo de las torpezas de Ia
juventud; es haber vividO "a
tontas y a locas', malgastando
La gaceta., 1941-09-02

. sin q; es propio de tu edad;
ms ten cuidado, TO aceleree dc
nasiaio 81 paso porqro es e.
ii trop0-%~ :. In nada porgas
solo eli era76E. No oi7iIcc -
en- tn csoseita de buclas tienas
TN cerebro Y que el de ser ell
control &c csc coraz6n que a We
ces es un POGO loco y otras We
ces demasiado cuerdo.
Piensa tus palabras, no pom
gas afecto donde no merezca re-
puesto. Recuerda que en- ell nun
do, quiea sabe donde, hay all
guien que I'm dia sera feliz con
esa ternura que hoy malgastas
y que tn deber es guardian en-
tn alma, atesorar esoS senti-
mientos para p%onerlos manana
m manos del hOmbre que ha de
La gaceta., 1941-09-02
LAVAL MEJORADO

Vichy, Francia no ocupadai
Sep. Clos medicos que asis
ten al EXPIRE nier Laval emitie
ron un boletin esta semana di
ciendo que Ell lider colabora'
cionista, que fue g~ravemente
herido en- un atentado que sc
verified contra su vida recien.
temente en- Versailles, mostra'
ba una "mejorfa progresiva."
FL estado del otro herido y
amigo de Laval, Deaf, es tan
satisfactorio va, que los medi
cos no consideraron necesario
siquiera emitir un boletin pa
ra Ell.
La gaceta., 1941-09-02
'ascar tn dicha, IA dicha &c toda

ascor ta dicha, "a dicha &c toda
II vida..
NJ iaGas nsda DC 1.c'p.c lis
arreporir5a l1o-- mira llc &C
m- l..r 9-arG:r ciaTado en-
81 recderdo la i5e2 fla del are
c%eulmiento ore r boriza. Son
re manos f:1as rledes cons
.truir tn di-ba; pago esas mis-
mas manos en- un solo movi-
miento torps pJeden en- un ms
tante derrumbar ell edificio:
mo seas tn quien ash proceda!
Dedica cada bora de tn vida
a la labor luminosa de cons
truir un detalla del castillo de
tu vida, con el cuidado, ell amor
Y ell tes6n con que cuidaras ell
mas valioso tesoro material que
pudiera tocarte en- suerte. Que
tesoro es haber vivido sin tener
arror de que arrepentirse y SEN
irse impia de alma euando Sc
abran a maestro paso las puer-
tas del canine de nuestra di-
cha. Por clio mi advertencia:
iCuidado!
La gaceta., 1941-09-02
NOfAS SOCIALES


CO.., la Tropical" Y LA Sono-
RAJ, estos dos 1ltimos conjun-
tos ocuparan la concha de la mi
sica del Patio7Jardin.
Tanto las muchachas como
los j6venes de las secciones de
Damas y Recreo asistiran cor
trajes tfpicos, en- consonancia
con ell nomAre de la fiesta.
Sera de 1000 de la noche q
400 de la manana.
Tan pronto tenga otros de
TALES con gusto los dare a como.
GER.
La gaceta., 1941-09-02

de una proposition de su con-
clio general en- pro del esta-
blecimiento de un concilio u
nionado obrero anglo-ruso.
Sir Walter Citrine, Secreta-
roi del Congress-, al hacer p1-
blico su apoyo a la citada pro
posici6n, asever6 f~irmemente,
sin embargo, que mo es'amos
preparados a colaborar con Ell
Partido Comunista Britannica"
La gaceta., 1941-09-02

Ell apunte de esta obra lie Ia
sido encomendado a nuestro a.
migo Ramon Fernandez.
La segunda parte la cubrira
un extenso acto de variedades,
desempehado este por conoci-
dos artistas de la lOcalidad,
Vean programs.
La gaceta., 1941-09-02
UNION DE TRABAJADO-
RES PRO
PUESTA

Edimbulgo Sep. Eel Con
greso de las Uniones Obreras,
Parlamento de la clase traba-
jadora britannica, sc mostr6
hoy u~nanimemente partidaria
La gaceta., 1941-09-02

81, senior, compre Ia
pintura B. L. P. Sofa.
mente sc vendC en- King
Hardware, ga. avenida
Y calle Is
La gaceta., 1941-09-02
RecoTddntos

hBCOTUUHIOS
Que ell viernes entrante, sc
celebrara una gran function en-
Ell teatro del Centre Asturiano
a beneficio de los fondos del
salon de bale que tienen er
proyecto.
Ilevaran a escena la precioS
comedia Pedro Jimanez', ia
que ha sido dirigida habilmente
por espacio de varias semanas
por e lSr. Felix Santana.
La gaceta., 1941-09-02

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cruel pain. to your satisfaction In q few
minutes or money back at Druggist's, Dont
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