davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1941-10-12
Russion
Resistance

, more than the physical difficulties is
the question of morale in all the bel
ligerent and conquered countries in Eu-
| rope. From reports which are being
carefully concealed at the present time
it appears that there is a dangerous war
weariness all over the continent.
The word dangerous" is purposely
used to indicate that frame of mind
exists which might bring Europe en-
era of peace but also might create a
complete state of anarchy. The British
are tired, the Germans are tired and the
and desperate.
When we read the official reports from
the warning nations, it is apparent that
all are tightening their belts with grim
determination in the hope that the
enemy will be defeated.
But from other reports which slip
through the strict censorship, the situa-
ton appears altogether different. There
is no question, for instance, that the
British-hungry as they are-are deter
mlneQ 10 Qeleat Hitler.
AS long as the present rations continue
to be distributed, this determination is
likely to continue. But in the event of
renewed air raids on last years scale
and of fewer food ships reaching that
country, many unbiased observers won-
der how long this attitude can be MAIN
tanned.
Invisible Enemy.
If the British people only had the
opportunity of fighting a visible enemy
their determination might continue in
definitely. But they are obliged to scurry
into AFRAID shelters while their airmen
and gunners attempt to repel the enemy.
This is not the sort of "heroics' that
inspires war resistance.
Last year, when the population of
Britain had to sustain the attacks of
the Nazi air force, the situation was
intolerable Now months of inaction on
the part of the Nazi airmen has given
them relief from the horrors of that
period.
Will they be able to show the same
determination if the Nazis come back
this fall, especially after they have had
to suffer from reduced rations for such
a long time?
1t is not question of psychology any
longer; it is merely physical question
of how long the human body can resist
the unbelievable privations to which the
British nation has been subjected and
stand the nerve-shattering effects of air
raids.
A similar situation is reported to exist
in the Reich. The fighting men cannot
be deprived of substantial food. All the
food reserves are being sent to the four
or five million men at the front or in
reserve cantonmentS. The German
population is hungrier than the British.
Hitler has been holding a carrot before
their eyes; every few months he has an
nounced that the enemy has been de-
feated or that the conquest of another
territory would bring food and raw ma
terials to the starving Germans.
This has never materialized. On the
contrary for some queer reason, every
time the Nazi forces conquer a new
country the bells in the Reich are tolled
and Herr Joseph Goebbels shrieks. But
the ration cards provide less food and
clothing.
The situation Ia ltaiy h worse. These
Evening star., 1941-10-12
Bp Constantine Brown.

, has modern equipment, tanks, ample
to support landing Official quarters
report such an operation was planned
some six weeks ago. Since it has been
! abandoned, it can be revealed now that
| the coast of Norway was chosen as the
| principal objective. But when it came
| to the question of transportation it was
obvious that it could not be done. Not
| even Britain and the United States to-
| gether had enough ships to transport
| landing force large enough to establish
beachhead and continue operations.
For a force of $4,000 men-the mini
| mum required as an advance guard to
land and hold occupied positions-no
less than 100000 tons of shipping would
have been necessary. In addition to
this, a large part of the Royal Navy
| would have had to convoy the transports
and protect the landing parties from the
Nazi submarines and destroyers.
Problem of Ships.
During these operations who could
have conveyed the ships with food and
ammunition from the Western Hemis-
phere? The Royal Navy was not strong
enough to do both jobs, assist landing
force and protect the supply ships COM
ing from all parts of the world.
Nor we're the combined merchant
fleets of the Allied and neutral powers
sufficient to carry an expeditionary corps
and assure continuous flow of supplies
if this corps had succeeded in establish
ing itself on solid ground on any part of
the European coast.
With the present increase in the rate
of sinkings of merchantmen by the
blockading submarines and airplanes
the United States must make a real
effort to keep Britain supplied with food
and necessary war material for the
armies in the Middle East and Egypt
AS winter approaches we must expect
more foggy days and rough seas.
And when this happens the Germans
are expected to extend their zone of
operations in the Atlantic. If the Ger
mans fulfill their threat of "sink-all"
campaign it would be a moot question
whether the production of American and
British shipyards could equal the rate
of sinkings.
This shipping problem has been the
fundamental cause of Britain's mac
tivity and apparent lack of initiative on
the continent And nobody here can
say how long the present situation may
continue.
Materials for Russia.
The same problem is confronting the
administration in connection with Sup
plying Russia with war material Even
If we were to deprive our own armies
of the much-needed war material and
the factories could double their present
output within the next few months, it
would be difficult to provide the neces-
sary transportation to convey these war
implements across the ocean.
The Russian government is fully aware
of the difficulties that face it's new Allies
in sending mountains" of arms. And it
is reported to have put pertinent ques-
tions to the American British mission
in Moscow as to how the British and
United States governments plan to over
come this obstacle. The answers given
by Lord Beaverbrook and w. Averell
Hartman are said to have been opti-
mistic but unconvincing.
What worries leaders IN washington
Evening star., 1941-10-12

night under the cover of night counter
attacks by selected units. Red Army
units raided Orel, which they found for
the most part in flames from the battle,
and north of Orel the Russians were
holding back the Germans with anti
tank guns. Generally, as the week of
headaches drew to close, the Russians
appeared to be improving their position
along their new lines of defense, even
in the bloody Vyazma sector, and Red
Army dispatches held that for the pres
ent, anyway the Russians are safe from
encirclement.
But while the armies got themselves
to at least temporary safety, the Ger
mans boasted that they were moving
into g. position to encircle the whole city
of Moscow and all the forces within the
protective ring of the city. Another
great siege is in the making. Leningrad
and Odessa have long been under siege.
The German strategy along the center
was thus described by the authoritative
commentary, Dienst Aus Deutschland:
Here there is a repetition of what
and east: German in
Sermon fantry takes possession
Stroteoy of broad extent of ter
ritory conquered by arm
ored units and fast troops, fights down
local nests of opposition, establishes
contact with the vanguard fighting far
ahead and Herewith gives the necessary
rear guard stiffening for carrying out
the offensive further forward"
From both Russia and Germany came
authoritative comments on why this
great offensive was undertaken at this
time. S. A. Lozovsky, Soviet vice COM
missar for foreign affairs, told the press:
Hitler seeks to achieve major success
before the winter sets in with its biting
cold and heavy SHOWS"
The German aim was set forth in Hit
lers order of the day of October 2 to
his soldiers in Russia. Its three salient
paragraphs are these:
To-day begins the last great decisive
battle of this year. 1t will hit the enemy
destructively and with it the instigator
Of the entire war, England herself
IF we crush this opponent, We also
remove the last English ally on the con-
tinent.
Thus We will free the German Reich
and entire Europe from a menace
greater than any since the time of the
Huns and later of the Mongol tribes"
The whole order was an interesting
propaganda exposition of Hitlerian
thinking and explaining. He justified
the war in Russia by picturing the Soviet
as threat to Germany, ready to march.
Then he commented on the practical
aspects Of the Soviet experiment:
My comrades, you have seen with
your own eyes the paradise of workers
and farmers In a coun-
Hitlerion try which on account of
Horoneue its vastness and fertility
could feed the whole
world, poverty rules to such an extent
that we Germans could not imagine
Evening star., 1941-10-12
Review of 10th Week of War
By Blair BOHes.

The heard Berlin last beginning On Moscow
and subsequent obviou
smashing
capital the military
campaign took alarming for the friends of
England than throughout its Gemanys long
Lenngrad
mated while Germany central line Russia
Axis Marshal TmoShenko
been pushing backward suddenly forward of those military
operations for which celebrated enlightenment
calculated
aimed at the ncement Russian
Russian capital in the same general operation.
The question Of the Russian allies active
the political military
and Tmoshnkos Will Russia the When matters
Roosevelt
Englshmen
President
shin
Evening star., 1941-10-12

/ executive task but it is all in the days
work for Mr. Grew. The Ambassador is
fortunate j. 49, Of his assistants.
Eugene Dooman, the Counselor, has spent
% years in Japan, knows the language.
the country and the people; like his chief,
he is noted for a cool head and broad
vision. The whole staff, in fact. reflects
the high standard set by the Ambassador
Cool-headedness is a trait which the
japanese especially admire in the Amer
ican diplomat. According to their history,
one of the little dramas which brought
this trait to the fore occurred at formal
dinner in the home of Admiral Saito, at
that time serving as Prime Minister.
While the guests were seated around the
banquet table, a lackey accidentally
touched off an assassination alarm"
Bells rang, secret doors opened and all
the men at the table bolted except the
American Ambassador and his host. Into
the room burst guards and secret service
agents with drawn automatics. They
found Mr.. Grew and Admiral Saito
quietly dining and talking, undisturbed
by the excitement.
Some time after relinquishing the
Prime Ministership, the admiral at
tended an at-home in the American resi-
dence. On returning to his house he was
aSsaSSinated by a nationalist fanatic
Mr.. Grew heard of the tragedy and hur-
ried to the Saito home. There The widow
told him that her husbands last words
were whispered appreciation for his
pleasant evening at the Crews. Touched
and grieved, the Ambassador broke
into tears.
Spoke Plainly to japanese.
The Ambassadors sympathetic per-
sonal background and the esteem in
which the Japanese hold him are among
the imponderable factors that exert their
influence on the delicate state of Japa-
nese-American relations. But no matter
what new crises may arise, the American
diplomat will never hide from the Japa-
nese the real state of affairs between
Toxic and Washington. No matter how
ticklish the situation, he'll tell them the
truth.
That was the risk he took at the
America Japan Society dinner on Oc-
tober l9, 1889 1t was social occasion.
but he spoke plainly, warning the Japa-
nese not to take too many liberties with
American interests. The advice came
straight from the horses mouth" as he
put it. And any racing fan can tell
you that means the kind of advice you
can really trust. There was bluntness
in his words that no other man could
have used without precipitating an in
ternational crisis. But it was Joseph
Grew who spoke, friend of Japan and
lover of peace, and the officials and
people of the Mikado's empire accepted
his fortnight words as wise and friendly
counsel Il am planning to have & talk
with Mr.. Grew" the Japanese Foreign
Minister said after the dinner
No one can say how long this spirit
will control the politics of the Far East.
But regardless of what turn events may
take in Eastern Asia, we can be certain
that the State Department and its AM
bassador in Toxic have labored long and
intelligently to maintain satisfactory re-
lations with the Japanese. Joseph Clark
Grew has done all that any mortal
could do to perpetuate peace In the
Pacific.
Evening star., 1941-10-12
DRAMATIC WAR DEVELOPMENTS INDICATED
Admiral King Sees Roosevelt and Knox; Important Decisions

Admiral Ernest J. King recently spent
36 busy hours In Washington with
President Roosevelt and Secretary of
the Navy Knox. Whenever the COM
mander in chief of the Atlantic Fleet
comes to Washington on these flying
visits, the Capital knows that things
will start popping" soon.
All of Admiral Kings flying trips to
Washington have been the signal for
important decisions taken by the ad-
ministration. The Atlantic Fleet, though
smaller in size than the Pacific, is at
present the active arm of the Navy.
The Pacific Fleet, commanded by Ad-
miral Husband E. Kimmel, watches;
Admiral Kings force acts.
What surprise awaits the American
people as a result of Admiral Kings
visit is deep secret known only to the
President, the Secretary of the Navy,
the Chief Of Naval Operations and pos
sibly three other high-ranking naval
officers. But there are strong indica-
tions that we may expect dramatic de-
velopments. probably before the end Of
this month.
Pending these developments, Army
and Navy officers are taking stock of the
situation across the Atlantic. And they
are not indulging In the wishful thinking
often found in the professional diplomat
and politician.
From the purely military point of
view, the situation does not appear par
tieularly bright for the United States
unless production of war material is
rapidly increased. The foremost handi-
cap at the present time is the lack Of
ships. Reams have been written about
the urgent necessity of Britain doing
something" in Europe to help the hard
pressed Russian armies,
Immediate Action Urged.
All critics are alike in their clamor
for immediate action From the strate-
gtcal point Of view such action is impera-
tive. The Axis has achieved spectacular
successes on land merely because it had
one enemy to deal with at time 1t did
not have to reckon at any time with a
fight on two fronts.
It's immense military resources were
thrown against one opponent and while
Hitler's generals were busy crushing
him, the others stood by, shouting words
of encouragement to the victim but
never lifted finger to help.
The inactivity of the British in the
last few months probably has been dam
aging to the morale of the trained forces
In the Isles. They have been forced to
occupy idle hours with maneuvers on the
parade grounds as In peacetime.
Professional soldiers-men who make
living out of soldiering-like these
maneuvers. But people who have been
taken away from civilian life to fight for
king and country-and especially the
overseas troops who have volunteered to
fght-find this irksome 1t is a repiti-
ton Of the idle life behind the Maginot
Line.
There is no question that from the
point Of view of manpower the British
have had sufficient forces to stage a
spectacular offensive in Europe The
number of fuIy-trained and equipped
troops is military secret but a fair
guess is that the army in the United
Kingdom consists of upward of 100000
men-to which may be added 1000 900
home guards and reserves.
This striking force-60o,0oo strong
Evening star., 1941-10-12

When Joseph Clark Grew was ap-
pointed Ambassador to Japan his friends
shook their heads. Here was an assign
ment that promised to end in early
failure, the anticlimaX of brilliant
diplomatic career. Then. as now, Toxic
was known as q hot post" Six Ameri-
can Ambassadors to Japan had come
and gone in the preceding II years. And
at the time of Mr.. Crews appointment
Acknowledgements relations were in a
critical state because of Nippon'S in
vasion of Manchuria and her fiouting
of treaty obligations.
A less resolute man might have found
some way to get out Of the Toxic ap-
pointment. But Joseph Grew imme-
diately gave up his pleasant assignment
as our envoy to Turkey and proceeded
without delay to the trouble center of
the Far East. That was nine years ago.
In the meantime the tall, distinguished
looking diplomat has become something
of an institution in East Asia. Certainly
it is no exaggeration to say that the
American Ambassador is the most popu-
lar foreigner in the land of cherry bios
SONS.
Though, as I write this, the mercurial
course of American-Japanese relations
wavers between enmity and understand
ing, one thing is certain: Mr.. Grew has
done his job well. And the remarkable
part of Mr.. Crews success in this diff
ficult post is that he has been able to
criticize the Japanese and make them
like it. This is due to something more
than his remarkable combination of
forthrightness and personal charm. The
japanese have come to respect his opin-
ion and have confidence in his integrity.
They have learned that all his dealings
with them are inspired by the conviction
that there are no questions between
Japan and America which cannot be
negotiated
Confidence Of Government.
That conviction and his devotion to
the cause of peace have won for Mr..
Grew the respect and confidence not
only of the japanese but of the Ameri-
can Government For Secretary Hull
and Undersecretary Welles and the en-
tire State Department know that our
embassies and legations are the spiritual
outposts of our national defense. War;
ships, tanks and bombers are but physi-
cal instruments to guard our shores. In
q day of streamlined aggression, unde-
clared wars, broken treaties and totali-
tartan economics, farsighted, expert
enced diplomat is an indispensable safe
guard to our security. Joseph Grew, who
has been called father of the foreign
service" has proved to be such a diplo-
mat.
Lean, well-dressed, gentlemanly, Mr..
Grew looks the perfect Hollywood diplo-
mat But the resemblance ends there.
He works hard at his daily Office routine
and is impatient with unnecessary for
mality. The Japanese do not apply the
word sincere indiscriminately, but they
always speak of "Grew-san" as sincere.
He is mans man. He likes golf, base
ball, hunting, good food, pipes, dogs and
horses. Under dark, impressive eyebrows
his gray eyes twinkle with ready humor.
And sense of humor is important in
a job where the international situation
so often brings on dangerous tension.
Mr.. Grew has impaired hearing. Y
sln, near-hearing," he explains, "tust as
Evening star., 1941-10-12

area. That indicated the closest ap-
proach of Germans to Moscow, l25 miles.
There. at Bryansk and North Orel the
struggle was in its greatest fury.
Red Star conceded that the Russian
defense forces had been outfanked at
Bryansk, about 130 miles south of
wanna The Reds battled to hold back
the Germans above Orel after losing
that rail town in q three-day battle.
First the Russians abandoned the city,
then recaptured it and finally let it 60
in the face of superior numbers. but not
Evening star., 1941-10-12

of relief from the central sector, and
that cutting off would simplify the prob
lem of the German armies of the south.
So those armies can take it easy while
the battle for Moscow progresses.
The first detailed German report of
Nazi action toward Moscow came from
the German high command
Moscow Wednesday, 1t reported
Salient that that offensive began at
am. October q AS the
map accompanying this review shows,
the offensive prongs are thrust from the
south. the west and the northwest.
Within week the southern prong had
arrived at point 125 miles from Mos
cow. In the Vyazma area Germans
began encirclement of Russians. In the
midst of the pressure from Germany,
the Russian magazine Bolshevik made
an appeal for British action:
''The British Empire now has the pos
sibility of taking the initiative into its
own hands, dealing destructive blows
against the common foe of mankind, the
Hitler Fascists"
Due south of Moscow, the Russians
Wednesday evacuated the town of Orel,
through which passed the railroad link
ing Moscow with Kharkov, major Nazi
objective in the Ukraine. The National
Geographic Society issued a bulletin
giving some idea of the strategic prob
lens involved in attacking toward Mos
COW from Orel:
THE country between Orel (21O miles
below Moscow is chiefly rolling hills
and valley land. Except for numerous
rivers and their network of tributaries,
it offers few natural barriers Oreps
Evening star., 1941-10-12

military diameter,
materials Syphoned along these
poke out of the heart of Russia into the especially from the
WeStUard
along other poke fighting in the eh It's compact efficient
effective.
smashed chunk OF the OF the uhee
Wheet
the Russian fairly good account OF themselves
though they back pedatng
Evening star., 1941-10-12

until after hand-to-hand fighting in the
streets. The civilians fought shoulder
to-shoulder with the army against the
invaders. who put an end to resistance
by bringing in artillery.
The German people were told that
Russias power to resist had been broken.
The German armies tried to throw pin
GERS around the 60 or 70 Russian divi-
Sions defending Moscow-about 100000
men. To save the armies of Bryansk
from encirclement, the Russians with
drew them to a new defense line Friday
Evening star., 1941-11-09
Leading Football Scores

Pittsburgh's 1870 victory over un-
beaten Fordham was the crest of
the first great wave of upsets that
swept Army and Navy from the list
of the undefeated yesterday, and
saw Texas held to TT stalemate
by Baylor Left standing in the
forefront of the Nations undefeated
elevens were Minnesota, Duke,
Texas A. and NJ, with Duquesne to
be tested today by St. Marys
Notre Danes passes tripped Navy,
20-13; Alabama defeated Tulane,
20-14, before 10000; Harvard routed
Army, 20-6, while Penn State upset
Syracuse, 34-l9. Mississippi State
best Auburn, 14-7, and Penn nosed
out Columbia, 1916.
On the home front Georgetown
blanked Maryland, 26-0. George
Washington lost to Furman, 1876,
and American U. bowed to Juniata,
7-3.
Evening star., 1941-11-09
French Expect Axis Call
For European Farley
By the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
vICHY, Unoccupied France, Nov.
S.-Well-informed French sources
said tonight they considered that a
call might be issued soon by Ger
many and Italy for general
European conference to organize
continental collaboration.
While these sources said nothing
'precise" was known in Vichy, such
a call was considered likely in the
view of the present trends In
Europe.
German spokesmen in Berlin
said today that reports from Lon
don of a continental conference
to be held soon at Vienna to an
nounce founding of the new
order were nonsense. They said
Hitler had no need of multi
sided conferences.)
French sources said indications OF
a general European conference were
based mainly on the aftermath OF
recent talks between Adolf Hitler
and Count Galeazzo Ciano, Italian
Eo-"'-n Minister.
Evening star., 1941-11-09
U. 5. Population Center
Is Near Carlisle, Ind.
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
The center of population OF the
United States is about 2 miles
southeast of Carlisle. Ind
This was the Census Bureaus
decision yesterday after year and
a half's study of results from the
1910 census.
The new center is about 13 miles
West and about 7.9 miles South of
where it was by the 1880 census.
1t is about 602 miles West and % 5
miles south of the center determined
in the first American census in
1790.
The center of population is not
the middle point from which an ap-
proximately equal number of people
live in each direction.
The Census Bureaus way of figur-
ing it is to pick the spot on which
the map of the United States could
be balanced on the point of a pin
if every living person had the same
weight. Under this formula-be-
caus Of the fulcrum and lever prin-
ciple-one inhabitant of d State far
away from the center in one direc-
ton might offset two or more peopls
living closer to the center in the op-
~,osite direction.