davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1941-08-31
Fifty Years Ago
In The Star

Fifty years ago there was a civil war.
or revolution, going on in Chile. The
contest resulted in much gun
End OF running and other illegal ac-
AWor tivities on the part of citizens
of the United States, although
our Government officially kept hands
off and continued to recognize the fed
eral government under Balmaceda. But
on August 81, 1891, the war ended. The
Star of that date reported from London:
The Chilean war is now acknowledged
to be over, and it is stated semiohcially
that as soon as the government OF Chile
is reorganized by the victorious Con-
gressionalists Editors note-the rebels
the new administration will be recog-
nized by Great Britain"
The Star also printed cable news from
Valparaiso. as follows: "Balmaceda,
when he heard of the fall of Valparaiso.
sent for Gen. BaQuedano. - A council
of war was held. 80 The situation was
thoroughly canvassed. and it was de-
cided that a further continuation of the
struggle was hopeless and that the sur
render Of the capital was the only proper
course. Baquedano was given charge
of the city and was authorized to ar
range the terms of surrender with the
Congressionalists."
The success of the revolutionists in
Chile acted as a tonic to the hopes of
wculd-be rebels in Mexico
Antl-Dioz against the regime of Por-
Aoitotion f1rio Diaz. Said The Star
of August 81, 1891, under
the heading Another Balmaceda": "a
letter from an old and prominent citizen
of the city of Mexico says that it
will not be many days before a serious
blow will be struck by the people against
the dictatorial reign of Diaz." The let
ter goes on to state that, in the opinion
of the writer, Diaz was in the position
of sitting on the lid of a volcano, trying
to suppress it.
He proved poor prophet. Diaz was
president term after term, finally resign
ing in 1911 In favor of Madero.
OF local interest was an excursion OF
biologists, in Washington for a con-
vention. The Star Of
Biologists August 81, 1891, chron-
On the River icled: "A scientific ex-
cursion was given yes
terday by the members of the Inter-
national Geological Congress down the
Potomac, touching at Fort Washington,
Cockpit Point, Clifton Beach and Popes
Greek, where the geological formations
were carefully studied. The steamer
Pilot Boy was chartered for the trip and
left its wharf promptly at 8 o'clock with
about so members of the congress
aboard"
Evening star., 1941-08-31
Buroes for Oil

In view of the demands placed on
steel production facilities by the Ma
tion's war effort, and the need of
conserving existing supplies for de-
tense purposes, Rear Admiral Land,
chairman of the Maritime Commits
sion, has come out in opposition to
a plan to build an $80,000000 pipe
line from Texas to New Jersey as
means of relieving the oil shortage
on the Eastern Seaboard In appear
ing Friday before the special Senate
committee investigating the petro-
leum situation, he pointed out that
construction OF the proposed pipe
line would neceSSitate diversion of
100000 tons of steel from defense
production.
AS an alternative to the pipe line,
he recommended construction of 100
reinforced concrete barges. Building
of these barges would require only
10000 tons of steel, and they could
be constructed sooner than the pipe
line, he said. A tanker towing one
barge, with a capacity of 47,000 bar
rels, could deliver at Eastern ports
1893 900 tons of petroleum annually.
With two barges in tow, single
tanker could transport 100000 tons
of petroleum annually.
The substitute plan proposed by
Admiral Land merits the careful con-
sideration of Congress. At the pres
ent time 139 tankers are under con-
struction, eighty-seven of them on
order of the Maritime Commission.
Many of these will be ready for serv-
Ice within few months. The United
States also will have the use of
Evening star., 1941-08-31
The Bethlehem Case

Another exceptional touch has
been added to a case that already has
had more than it's share of the un-
usual by reports that Congress may
be asked to permit the reassignment
of one of the retired members OF the
Supreme Court to enable that tri-
bunal to take up the Governments
suit to recover 'unconScionable"
profits paid out to the Bethlehem
Shipbuilding Corporation under first
World War contracts.
The case was held up in the last
term of court when the retirement
of Justice McReynolds made it i'm
possible to muster the required
quorum of six justices to hear argu-
ment, Justices Stone, Roberts and
Murphy having disqualified them
selves because of some former con-
nection with the litigation. As
matter of course, Justice Jackson
now will do likewise, having handled
the case for the Government when
he was Attorney General, thus con-
tinuing the impasse. The Judicial
Retirement Act permits retired Su-
preme Court justices to be recalled
for service in District and Circuit
Courts, but makes no provision for
their reassignment to the Supreme
Court. There are four retired JUS
tices-Chief Justice Hughes and As
sociate Justices Brandeis, Sutherland
and McReynolds. The return of one
would put ten men on the Supreme
Court for the first time since the
Civil War.
The Bethlehem case involves con-
tracts for eighty-three ships for
which the Government already has
paid approximately Sl13, 900 600 in
cluding about s20,0OO,0OO p;ofits. The
corporation also holds a judgment
for about s5,O00yOOO more and the
Government seeks to withhold this
sum and at the same time regain a
portion of the money that has been
paid. The contracts were negotiated
on a so-called bonus for savings"
arrangement under which the cor
poration estimated the cost and then
collected as bonus a percentage
OF the amount by which the actual
cost fell below the estimate The
Government contends that Bethle-
hem, taking advantage of the war
emergency, drove an unfair bargain.
The lower courts condemned the con-
tracts, but held, nevertheless, that
they were enforceable, because the
Government had gone into them
with open eyes. The appeal to the
Supreme Court followed.
The suit has been looked upon as
highly important because of the cur
rent defense program, Justice De-
partment officials explaining that
the outcome would go far toward de-
termining the Governments course
under the new law which permits
plants to be taken over for defense
production when satisfactory con-
tractural arrangements cannot be
made. For this reason, If no other,
it seems clearly desirable to bring
the litigation to a conclusion.
Evening star., 1941-08-31
| Give Up

The detective story is a fascinating
problem, with the commission of the
crime, the clues, the determination
of motive, the hunt, the capture and
the confession. 1t would not occur
to the author to have his villain
tamely 60 to headquarters in the
first chapter and surrender, and if
it did occur to him the book would
never get published. Yet in real life
this occasionally happens.
A most remarkable instance oc-
CURED right here, in the thirteenth
precinct station house. when
stranger walked in to give himself
up. What did you do?" asked an
officer on duty. Il don't know" was
the reply. Nor did he. The officer
politely offered him a wide choice of
crimes, from murder to disturbing
the peace, but none suited him. "Not
guilty." he said, to each hopeful sug-
geStion, "but I still want to give up.
I must have done something wrong"
The policeman, after exhausting all
the crimes on the menu without be-
ing able to suit the finicky taste of
the would-be prisoner, and debarred
by red tape from charging him with
the crime OF mo crime" finally de-
cided to accommodate him with a
charge of intoxication, which later
matured and ripened into a ten
dollar fine.
Evening star., 1941-08-31
THE CHURCH AND LABOR
By the Right Rev James E. Freeman D. D. ILL., d. D. C. L..
Bishop OF Washington.

afflicted. Life to Him was fullness of
satisfaction, health, happiness and just
compensation for honest toll. Where
His church at times has failed TO be
true exponent of Him and His message,
it has lost the adherence of those who
think of it as unresponsive and un-
sympathetic to their needs.
These latter years we believe have
witnessed mighty change in the
Ch'rch's attitude and the strongest ad-
vocates of justice, equity and fair play
in the workroom of industry have been
the clergy and high-minded Christian
laymen. Here is late pronouncement
issued by the Christian church as Its
Labor Sunday message:
The Christian concern for democracy,
based on Jesus teaching of the dignity
and essential brotherhood of all the chill
dren of God, has more recently begun
to find expression in economic and in
dustrial relations. This concern supports
the right of the common man to a view
in determining the conditions under
which he works. If we cannot have the
spirit of Christian democracy in industry,
all democracy is jeopardized. 1t is well
that Church members face this fact and
come to terms with it. The hour of crisis
calls for a Christian movement which
has renewed its spirit and clarified its
vision of the wider implications of the
Gospel and for labor movement which
has purified its practices and set its
l. 1f
democracy"
Christianity and democracy must go
together, the first interpreting what the
latter must be if it is to survive. States
men and leaders of industry as well as
those who toll must reckon more and
more with those ideals of life set forth
by Jesus Christ, of which His church
is the exponent. The church must not
be subservient to any element. however
strong, to any body or group. however
established and intrenched. It cannot
for rewards or favors be the solicitor or
attorney for any group. AL its judgment
must be based upon the express teachings
of Christ and by those teachings it must
rise or fall. Its primary duty is to de-
fend the weak and the abused, to be
unSparing in its condemnation of in
justice and inequity, TO be the champion
always of those whose course is honest
and reasonable.
If the Golden Rule is once again to
prevail, Christian men and women must
take their profession of loyalty to the
Christian cause into all the concerns of
their occupational life and give courage
Gus demonstration of its validity.
Evening star., 1941-08-31

Is there anything in the teachings of
Jesus Christ that has a bearing upon
right relations between employer and
employe? Did Jesus concern Himself
with mundane and practical things? He
certainly did, and the teaching of His
church, consistently followed has to
do with everything that concerns mans
well-being here and now. There is
hardly a page of the Gospel that does
not deal with life in all its phases.
While the Master interpreted life in
larger and broader terms and gave to
it new and fuller meaning, stretching
its horizons beyond the bounds of time,
he pressed with all insistence the high
claims of equity and justice in all human
relations.
The Christian religion is a pattern of
life, a prescribed rule of conduct, q
clearly defined ethical system that is
designed to make life here and now
happy satisfying and profitable. The
faithful practice of it has rewards and
compensations That those who profess
allegiance to 1t have too often failed
to live by its precepts does not invalidate
or destroy its noble ideals.
We are having tragic demonstration
of this failure in the world of today We
are witnessing one of the greatest Ca
tastrophies of history, the direct result
Of the incapacity or ruthless Leglect of
men to live by the principles of conduct,
in, al k,xz
Jesus Christ. One thing stands out
clearly in the world struggle, namely,
that far-reaching changes and readjust-
ments in all human relations will have
to be made before peace and normal
conditions shall haye been restored.
Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thy
SELF" is not the challenging word of one
whose teaching is unrelated to life here ;
it is the word of One who saw the folly
of a way of life motivated by selfshness
and greed.
The parable of the laborers in the
vineyard with its just return for work
done and its solicitude for those who
we're idle, even to the latest hour of the
day; His condemnation of the self
assured husbandman who would tear
down his barn that his acquisitiveness
might be satisfied; His deep concern,
oft-expressed, for those who had suffered
misfortune. all these expressions of His
understanding of human ills are repeated
again and again in the short annal of His
life.
Come unto Me. all We that labour and
are heavy laden. and will give you rest, ="
this was His call to the worn and
Evening star., 1941-08-31

twenty-six Of the eighty Axis tankers
immobilized in Latin American wa
ters. This will mean a substantial
increase in our tanker facilities.
That sufficient tankers will be
available to service a fleet of 100
barges thus seems probable, even
though further transfers to Britain
may be necessary Construction of
these barges would greatly increase
the carrying capacity of the tankers
serving the Eastern States, and
might well end the petroleum short
age in this area.
Evening star., 1941-08-31

mont Heights, Md: Falls Church,
Va; Garrett Park, Glen Echo, Green
belt, Hyattsville, Kensington, Laurel,
Mount Rainier, North Brentwood,
Riverdale, Riverdale Heights, Rock
vile, Seat Pleasant, Somerset, Ia
koma Park, University Park, Md,
and Vienna, Va; also "unincorpor-
ated areas" with total population
OF 156,485.
Unquestionably, the metropolis
of Washington extends in every
practical respect beyond the borders
of the District of Columbia. The
conception of the Bureau of the
Census is explained in the words:
1.-The general plan for the metro
politau districts that have been set
up for use in the 1910 Census is to
include in the district, in addition
to the central city or cities, all ad-
jacent and contiguous minor civil
divisions having a population of $50
or more per square mile. The metro
politan district is thus not political
unit but rather an area including all
the thickly settled territory in and
around city or group of cities. It
tends to be a more or less inte-
grated area with common economic,
social and often, administrative in
terests"
Adopting that definition, the Ma
tion's Capital is big city. That it
is growing larger moment by mo-
ment is so conspicuously evident as
to require no argument.
Evening star., 1941-08-31

cials in Washington are giving cham
pagne parties paid for by American tax
payers. There are other stories that
British officials are insisting on only
the best air-cooled Offices at the expense
of American officials who must take what
they can get. So far as can be deter
mined, all Of these stories are made OF
whole cloth. Yet their number increases
and their persistence grows.
There is no doubt that even in war
time a trade rivalry exists between
American businessmen and British
businessmen. The British are forced to
trade, just as Americans are forced to
trade, to obtain the means Of paying for
war materials that do not all come
through lend-lease Competitors always
are watchful Of possible advantages that
might 60 to their opponents in trade
through some act of the government.
Lend-lease offers many opportunities for
abuse # ths recipients OF lend-lease aid
want to use their opportunities.
Evening star., 1941-08-31
A New Tuck

Charles A. Lindbergh, in his Okla
fonla City address. embarked on a
new tack in his opposition to the
foreign policies of this Government.
In past addresses Mr.. Lindbergh
has advanced many arguments
against the aid-to-Britain program
as practiced by the administration,
but his Oklahoma City thesis-that
our policy is wrong because of the
possibility that Great Britain may
turn against us at some future time
outdoeS any of his earlier efforts.
To be sure, Mr.. Lindbergh does not
quite say that we ought to abandon
Britain to her fate now because of
the possibility that she may attack
us at some time in the future, but
it is difficult to avoid the conclusion
that he intended to convey that i'm
preston. Inviting his listeners to
review the history of troubled rela-
tions between the United States and
England for the past $50 years, Mr..
Lindbergh declared: 1T was no more
improbable in 1899 that England
would turn against Finland and
France than it is today that she will
turn against us if it becomes expe-
dent to her welfare in the future
So far as that goes, it may be con-
ceded. England may turn against
us" in the future. 1t has happened
before; it may happen again. But
what possible bearing does that have
on the question of whether it is to
our advantage to aid England now,
or whether we would be less capable
of defending ourselves il Britain
should be beaten by the Axis? This,
of course. is line of thought which
Mr. Lindbergh did not pursue. In
stead, it seems, he preferred to play
upon the old and in this case irrele-
want antipathy which some Ameri-
cans have for the British, and let it
60 at that. .-
The administration policy of Civ
ing all possible aid to Britain and
her allies grew out of the clear ne
cessity of deciding whether the
interests of the United States would
be safer in a world dominated by the
Axis or the enemies of the Axis. We
had to choose between throwing our
weight into the scales against Hitler
and his criminal partners or acquies-
cling in their triumph, and, with the
overwhelming support of the Aneri-
can people, the choice inevitably was
the former.
On the basis of his latest state
ment, Mr.. Lindbergh seems to feel
that the choice was mistaken one.
But in arguing that we should stand
alone, he is advocating the same
course that a dozen nations sought
to pursue, and as result of which
they have been destroyed one after
the other by the Axis Mr. Lindbergh
is entitled, of course, to his own
opinion as to whether Germany or
England is the greater potential
menace to the United States. But
when he attempts to bolster his po-
sition by reviving past troubles with
England and conjuring up possible
differences in the future, he might
argue with almost equal validity
that the States of this country should
not stand together now because they
fought each other in the past and,
theoretically at least, may have more
trouble in the future.
Evening star., 1941-08-31

Trans belated offer to oust sixteen
Nazis from the country has been
filed In the British and Russian
archives, and answered with many
tanks.
Evening star., 1941-08-31
Majority Benefit

From Ie Soleil Quebec, Canada:
The question is asked what will be the
effect on Canada of price control In ths
United States7 It would be disagreeabls
for the spectators but wen liked By tf,e
cons1merA
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-09-15

! (Foreign Rates on Appiication)
All money sent at sendef's risk. Do not
send cash or stamps All checks, drafts
and money orders should be made payable
to THE TIMES PUBLISHING COMPANY.
/ International News Service has the exclu-
sive rights 10 use for reproduction In any
form all news dispatches credited 10 II or
] not otherwise credited In this paper.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-09-15
Connolly Answers

la Buzzards Bay. Cape Cod
Bay: tb) Mediterranean Sea.
Red Sea; (c) Atlantic and
Pacific oceans.
2-(a And ne'er brought to
mind" Burns; OBJ Nor any
drop to drink" Coleridge;
tc) And robes the mountain
in its azure hue" Thomas
Campbell.
3--(a) 10000 Leagues Under
the Sea-; (b) Arab ian
Nights Tales; Co Merchant
of Venice"
danube, Dnieper. Dniester.
5-(a) So; tb) 70; (c) 81.
6-ta) Naboth's; CD Solomon;
tc) Joseph.
la Monster: fb) hymn of
thanksgiving; Co forge full
ness.
(Answers on Editorial Page)
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-09-15
Education At Home

N EFENSE workers who want to continue their educa-
IL ton but can't find time to attend classes, have
opportunity to study and receive college credits at
home
The University of Michigan offers residents Of the
state choice of 10 planned to meet the needs
Of out school adults this coming semester The u OF NJ
Extension Service presented with the cooperation OF
the education and training section of the Works PROJECT
Administration
More than 5000 and women in Michigan last
wear attended school by mail For small fee they did
regular lessons and received corrected papers at home
Enlisted men and WPA CCC and N.Y. enroees are given
a special low rate
Here is telling example of how our state university
belongs 10 and the whole population of Michigan
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-09-15


America Firster. Senator Nye.
1t now proceeds TO conduct
press campaign against the
motion picture industry. and to
subpoena at will members Of the
industry, whom it will then pub
licly interrogate and smear
under conditions that have no
relation whatsoever to the pro-
ceedings of a court of law.
1t is the greatest Nazi propa-
ganda stunt ever pulled off in
the United States. And it is
nicely timed. 1t comedies with
an attack by the Vichy ambas-
sador in America against free
dom of criticism in the
American press.
THE motion picture industry
l. is, like all industries. depend
ing for their financial survival
on public support, vulnerable TO
public intimidation. What the
A merica First Committee,
through Senator Nye. hopes TO
accomplish is to scare the mo-
ton picture industry so that II
will throw out all films that are
anti-Nazi, throw off its boards
of directors all executives whose
opinions or racial origins do not
please the America First Com
mittee, anc reduce the motion
picture industry to subservience
by blackmail.
This case Immediately involves
every writer. every journalist,
every playwright. every univer-
sity professor, every artist, every
school teacher, and every men,
Der of a free profession in the
United States.
1t involves every one who has
anything TO do with freedom OF
expression. If the motion picture
industry which is made up of
executives. producers. directors.
writers. photographers. research
workers. historians, journalists,
artists and actors, can be held
to answer for their various forms
of expressions and can be re-
duced by intimidation TO vacuity.
so can the radio, the press, the
schools, the lecturers.
This fight, therefore. is our
fight. 1t is the fight of every
human being who believes in
free d ON Of speech. habeas
corpus, intellectual integrity,
and freedom from intimidation.
TT HAS very interesting and
L significant antecedents. The
first great attack of the German
Nazis against civil liberties was
made against the motion picture
industry one year before the
Nazis came to power.
The Nazi party picked a
particular film as the entering
wedge. 1t was the dramatization
of Eric Maria Remarque's inter-
national best seller. "All Quiet
on the Western Front" which
they determined TO drive off the
screen as a demonstration of
their power TO intimidate. They
succeeded.
One year later there was not
scrap of any sort of civil
liberty left in Germany. A
minority party had demonstrated
its power to blackmail. smear.
and economically ruin one of the
arts and one of the forms of
expression in Germany. Goebbels
had won his first great test.
After that il was easy.
There is collision going on.
ow-Americans! Collision
with the Nazi party line. 1t is
collision OF very dangerous
nature.
Released by the Ben syndIosts, Inc,
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-09-15
MiSEIINced Laugh
BY ARTHUR Bugs" BAER

With all fresh lakes in this country there is no
why the navy should ever scrap boat.
coat of paint plenty Of grease and warshp can rde
That's what should have done after
our navy was scuttled by the London conference.
that close 10 20 years and closed with line
that Bill Rogers made famous THE United States never lost
a war a peace conference"
Bill asked for permission in show and never
heard heartcr laugh in theater And want 10 say that
lie always gave credit for IT,
only thing that kept Rogers from being president Of
that he laughed the right place And
in Washington laughing in the right place is wrong
Especially for
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-09-15

There is none so blind as they
that won't see.-Swift.