davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1941-03-30
AUSTRALIANS NEW ROLE IN THE FAR EAST
Fall Of France Island Has
BY Of the
; (Ansfralia) Morning Herald.

ods OF the axis powers and she has made
it perfectly clear that the realization of
greater East Asia is a goal on which
she is ready to stake her entire national
existence
The concessions eXtorted from North
ern Indo-China and the pressure brought
to bear on the Dutch East Indies were
not passing incidents but the expression
in practice of a Pacific policy which
Japan has expounded time and again in
the past six months.
This transformation of the Pacific
scene has forced the United States to
take position diametrically opposed to
any new order in the Orient. The re-
spective standpoints are so totally diff
ferent that, as Australians see it, COM
promise is impossible and long-range
cooperation out of the question unless
one side gives way and abandons its
fundamental tenets
A direct strategical consequence of this
conflict between the advocates of the
Pacific status quo and those who want
new order has been a direct intersec-
IlOii cClNCC1I lIle UWO lilies dCIOSS
the Pacific. The period of allegiance since
the Washington conference has changed
into straightout clash between strategi-
cal potentials. Americas reaction was
to strengthen the Hawaii Guam
Philippine line and to make the Philip
pines real terminus rather than an iso-
lated periphery to be abandoned at an
Qorlv in, tirop nf
ments with Canada and the expansion
and Fastening of the Alaskan defense
project forecast stage in which Amer
lea would have not only trans-Pacific
defense line, but a great pincers. No
longer was American defense limited to
the West Coast with an outer bastion
in Hawaii. Henceforth the American
defense structure straddled the entire
Pacific.
Striking Power Reduced.
But the Philippines are 1000 miles
from Hawaii, and the striking power of
battle feet is greatly reduced if it is
dependent on distant bases. 1t is in this
respect that the British and American
SGl dGcSlCdl lllOClcSGc III UliC al z
rapidly changing. The British have at
Singapore a base which dominates the
waters of Southeastern Asia. The naval
base can accommodate the largest vessels
afloat, while the Seletar airport is one
of the largest and most modern in the
world.
Singapore is an ideal base for any force
operating in the Western Pacific. 1t
lies directly on the flank of the main
route which would have to be taken by
any japanese forces moving south. The
theory of naval strategy behind the
| Singapore construction is that no enemy
can launch an attack involving long
lines of communication against the East
Indies, or regions further south, as long
as an undefeated battle fleet can use
Singapore rs a repair base, even though
Evening star., 1941-03-30

tenn may become in the Pacific, the
Philippines remain essentially an out
post.
Australia, in short, can convert rela-
lively weak east-west line into an enor-
mously strong strategical triangle, with
points in the Central Pacific the outer
bastions. Thus, while Australia is quite
honest in admitting that America is
more important to her than she is to
America at the present juncture, there
is nevertheless growing realization that
she can fit into long-term policy of
American security. There is already a
marked awareness on the part of the
American strategists, and indeed of the
general public, that the best defense of
the United States is not on her own
soil or even in the Immediately adjacent
coastal waters, but in outlying regions.
The changing dictates of modern warfare
demand lines of outer defense creeping
ever further from the American coast
line. The same impulse that necesSi-
CdUeO bases III bI1GlSf1 lSld1OS IN GI1e AU.
lantic now requires America to look
beyond Hawaii in the Pacific. In the
Pacific zone in particular, the answer
. to strategical challenge is at its source
rather than when it threatens its OBJ
jectives. Defense zones are expanding
in concentrical fashion, and this ap-
plies both to America and Australia
whether we wish such a development
or not.
Fortunately the strategical needs of
Australia and America are parallel and
complementary, and the common nature
of potential changes is Fastening this
development. 1t is we'll that this is so,
because both countries have similar social
structures and a common way of life,
and both of them have fundamentally
important theological link because, for
reasons of internal harmony, they have
had to set their faces against further
Asiatic immigration.
Evening star., 1941-03-30
Ir the Balkans

Assassination of ar Austrian archduke
In the Serbian capital city of Sarajevo
on a summer afternoon of 1914 was the
explosive force which precipitated the
first World War.
Through the bloody years that followed
there were no more desperately valiant
and "all-out" fighting peo-
Eiohtino pie than those of tiny Serbia
Serbs and when that war had
ended there was created in
the Balkans the new and greater nation
of Yugoslavia. Varying some in racial
characteristics, but tied by mutual in
terests, combined into this new nation
were Croats, SloveneS, Serbs, Monte
negrins and several smaller classical
tions.
Geographically, this new nation was
second largest in Balkan peninsula,
strategically located along eastern shore
of Adriatic Sea.
For months past its government and
It's people have watched with unfriendly
eyes as Nazi diplomacy took over Hun
garian, Rumanian and Bulgarian gov
ernments in that order, and as Nazl
troops poured southwark to positions
from which invasion of Greece presum-
ably was contemplated. And in recent
weeks, as Nazi pressure and gold reduced
the unfriendliness of Belgrades govern
nent leaders, there was deepening de-
termination on part of people who once
FoV y, froolnv,o on6
tional life that these heritages would not
now be handed away.
With difficulty, Prince Paul, regent,
and Premier Cvetkovich survived resist
ance and designations
Anti Nozi within their government
Sent;ment as their intention to bow
to Berlin and become
member of totalitarian front became
apparent. Contemptuously, Serb leaders
refused to occupy posts in patched up
cabinet; violently, street crowds in Bel
grade and other cities demonstrated
against axis partnership Twice, spe-
cial train to carry Yugoslav delegation
from Belgrade to Vienna for treaty sign
ing was made up but delayed in depart
ing.
On Monday night, however, heavily
guarded train carried government sig
natories out of capital and into what
was once the gay Austrian capital On
Tuesday, somewhat furtively, Yugoslavia,
as represented by Cvetkovich, became a
member of the axis-pledged to COL
Iahorate against any new anti-aXiS bel
ligerent in European or Asiatic wars.
Intended as reinsurance to restless peo-
pie then headed for imprisonment within
bonds of axis friendship was pledge that
active military aid would not be asked
of new partner, that axis troops would
not be moved through Yugoslav territory
(Vardar Valley route would be easiest
Evening star., 1941-03-30
IYUGOSLAVIAS ACTION NOT SURPRISING HERE
simovch Moving Spirit Revolution overthrowine Regime
Bp Constantine Brown.

King Peter. Gen. Koosevitch used to be
King Alexander. He endeavored to in
still in the Kings son the traditional
Serbian fighting spirit.
When the Vienna agreement was
signed, it transpired that Markovich and
Won Ribbentrop had agreed to defer the
time for Peters assumption of the active
duties of the kingship, which had been
set for next July when he will reach the
age of 18. Their plan was to have
Prince Paul remain Regent throughout
the world emergency-that is to say, un-
til the end of the war. News of this
understanding, which reached the army
only on Tuesday, was the spark that
touched off the Serbian powder keg.
King Agreed to Act.
Gen. Koosevitch told the King it was
his duty to his country and to the men,
ory of his late father to take over the
reins of government Immediately.
Friendly conversations followed between
army leaders and Prince Paul. The
Regent is reported to have expressed
himself as being delighted with the solu-
ton. He never was soldier. He hated
all the discomforts connected with war
and civil strife. 1t was an ordeal for him
even to don a uniform to attend war
games or reviews.
The new Belgrade regime does not
want to go to war. Its platform calls
for economic cooperation with the
Reich as in the past, but excludes part
nership with the axis. However, the new
leaders realize that Yugoslavia hence
forth will be Germany's No. enemy and
that Hitler will endeavor to crush the
country.
The action of the Belgrade military
government was the first serious slap in
the face that Hitler has received since
he became Reichsfuehrer 1t came at a
most critical time from both the psycho-
logical and military standpoints. Premier
Matsuoka of Japan had arrived in Berlin.
Hitler was proudly showing him how in
dependent European states could be
made to fall into the Reichs lap by mere
threat and show of force. To have
Yugoslavia turn against him, and destroy
treaty on which German diplomats had
worked harder than on any other, was
most distressing. 1t is felt that the
Fuehrer cannot accept the situation
lying down.
Admitted Yugoslavia Was Key.
From the military standpoint, the
successful revolt means that henceforth
Germany may be engaged in real war
in the Balkans. Heretofore, reliable in
formation from Berlin had indicated
that Hitler and Won Ribbentrop were
boasting that the Greeks would sur
render after only perfunctory resistance
in the Struma Valley, and that the Brit
ish would be compelled to clear out of
the Balkans in order to avoid a second
Narvik.
Berlin added that Turkeys bellicose
Evening star., 1941-03-30

for all nations seeking to maintain their
independence and integrity"
In event that Balkan nation does as
sumo role of combatant foe of axis. mill
tary experts believe defensive strategy
would call for gradual withdrawal from
northern lowland section of country into
difficult mountainous terrain of central
and south areas Initial offensive ma
neuver probably would be to drive SOUTH
ward into Albania against haplesS Ital-
ians already under heavy pressure from
Greeks.
1t was reported yesterday that Yugo-
slavs had closed the Danube to Nazis.
Evening star., 1941-03-30

Publicly, Gen. Simovich appealed for
an end to demonstrations. indicated that
new government would prefer peace if
not called upon to defend nations actual
territory.
For hours, however, he conferred with
Turkeys Minister to Belgrade, perhaps
over joint military action in
America event of German-Italian ag-
To Aid gression. At his hand were
expressions of pleasure and
pledges of help from British, Greek and
American governments-the latter de-
livered by United States Minister Arthur
Bliss Lane and assuring Yugoslavia that
aid under lease-lend law is contemplated
Evening star., 1941-03-30

Meanwhile, other significant develop
ments were noted in Southeast Europe
On Tuesday, Russian and Turkish gov
ernments announced simultaneously that
former had promised full neutrality if
latter should be forced into war in de-
fense against axis attack. Implied was
Russian aid in shape of supplies and
equipment if Turks should be forced to
defend vital seaway of Dardanelles.
Disclosed, too, was fact. that Soviet
government had discontinued all ship
ments of oil into Germany as of March
l, the date on which Bulgaria formally
became an axis partner.
Evening star., 1941-03-30

Active cooperation of Turk, Yugoslav
and Greek forces in Southern Balkans,
with Russia perhaps lending aid in ma
both men and equipment, could produce
disaster for Mussolini's Balkan venture
and perhaps the same for Nazi penetra-
ton, at the same time relieving pressure
of threatened invasion of Britain.
Evening star., 1941-03-30
On Home Front

Major concern to Americas defense
and aid-to-democracies effort during past
week has been plague of industrial in
terruptions through strikes.
For two months, Allis-C Chalmers plant
in Milwaukee, making generators for
Navy, has been closed by bitter dispute
between management and c. I. o. union.
Last Wednesday night, Government ef-
forts at mediation were climaxed by order
from Secretary of Navy Knox and o.
P. M. Director Knudsen that plant be re-
opened for operations on Monday.
All-night Cancellation conference ended
four-day strike at Bethlehem Steel Works
on Thursday.
That same day, Labor Department
certified to new National Defense Media
ton Board stubborn
Mediation strikes at International
In Strikes Harvester, Condenser
Corp, Vanadium Corp.
and Universal Cyclops
On Tuesday new board met for or
ganiZation purposes as Chairman Dvks-
ira warned labor and management that
"this is time of world crisis. If the
United States is to be an arsenal for
democracy, there must be an uninter-
rupted flow of production from mine,
mill and factory"
Cruising of Florida coast, President
Roosevelt on Thursday signed into law
$1,000 100000 appropriation bill to finance
lend-lease program. Destined almost ex-
cluslvely for British needs, measure pro-
vides for S2054 100000 in aircraft and
accessories, S1,343 100000 for ordnance,
sl,35OCOOOOO for agricultural and indus
trial articles.
Including this staggering single sum,
recapitulation of American appropria-
tions and authorizations for this war al
ready exceeds S39 100000 900.
On Capitol Hill, Mr.. Knudsen told
Senate committee that this gigantic pro-
gram has created 1000 900 new jobs since
last September and will put 100000
more men at work before end of this
coming summer.
Announced here on Thursday was sign
ing of agreement by this Government and
British Tor development of seven naval
and air bases at British-oWned New
foundland, Bermuda, ST. Lucia, Antigua,
Trinidad British Guiana and Jamaica.
Eighth base will be built at Bahamas.
To be held under 99-year leases, base
rights were given this Government in
exchange for so overage destroyers, al
ready delivered into British service.
Announced early in week was agree
ment by which Canada and United States
will begin construction of war vessels on
Great Lakes, their movement to Atlantic
to be assured by development of the st.
Lawrence-Great Lakes seavav.
Evening star., 1941-03-30
Review of Eighty-Second Week of War
By John C.. Henry.

One OF
occurred this Wete spontaneous uprising
loving people overthrow which
tartan might softened totaaan gold taking
Yugosav ont
the greatest battles
a OF
Evening star., 1941-03-30


Rmama Hunqu
in is
a
hanna closed
The Omaha guide., 1941-11-01
the Presidents cabinet.

the Presidents cabinet.
3. Federal control Of the educa--
tional system and a federal law that
every child must have an high school
education.
4. Assist in the furtherance Of
research by u scientists and help our
historians to prove that civilization
was founded in Africa. No passports
to any foreign country until he or she
can show proof of visiting every state
in America, by showing a certificate
OF registration from the governors
office of each state. Help us to see A
merica first, and spend Americas
earning with American citizens,
s.. Establish a political influence
which will bring about our p~ro-rata
of higher appointments made by our
chief executives, especially in our
army. Demand appointments by the
chief executive to be absolutely on alb
ility and merit, and not color. Give
our Negro boys appointments from
first sergeant to colonel in the army
if they are qualified for the job. We
are one of the few minority groups
that can be trusted in time of war not
to turn traitor to our country.
6. Stop graft in politics by pass
ing a federal law making Election day
The Omaha guide., 1941-11-01

a legal holiday, and compelling every
American citizen Of voting age to vote.
A federal old age Pension Of sixty DOL
lars per month, if he or she has voted
in every city, county, state and federal
election held, and if he or she has new
er been convicted of a felony.
z. To prevent further wars by
teaching the so-called white race that
it is high time for them to quit fooling
themselves about white supremacy
with only three-tenths Of the worlds
population. They must be taught that
color is due to climatic conditions.
They must be taught that seven-tenths
of the worlds population is made up
of dark races. They must be taught
that the rays of the sun that blazes
upon the equator and turns the skin
brown, does not affect the brain any
more than the GOODNESS Of the icy glac-
iers affect the brain of the while race,
and that the darker races will not con-
tinue to be crushed by a money-mad
few. If the Fatherhood Of God and the
Brotherhood Of man are not welded
into the hearts, of this worlds family
now, by teaching the principles laid
down by our Saviour, it will be welded
into the hearts of our children some
day on the bloodiest battlefield the
world has ever known.
The Omaha guide., 1941-11-01

6 The re-establishment of the
Christian Religion as Christ taught
it, for the uplifting Of mankind elm
mating financial and personal gain.
A practical religion, week days as well
as Sunday. An attitude toward our
fellowmen as a brother in order to es-
tablish a principle which will guide the
destiny Of each others children, for
our neighbours children today are our
children tomorrow.
z. To demand courteous treat
ment in all places of business, and the
enforcement of the Civil Right Law.
8. To encourage and assist in the
establishment of the following financ-
ial institutions near oath and Lake
Streets; a Building and Loan Assoc
iation, a State Bank, and also a first
class Trust Company for the purpose
of administering aid and assistance to
our W1UOWS dLlO OIp1dIlS.
9. To encourage the erection Of
q one hundred thousand dollar Young
Mems Christian Association near oath
and Lake Streets.
10. To enlarge the Y. w. G, A. so
that it may supply dormitory accom-
modations for the girls who tire of
home. environment.
II. To teach our citizens to live
economically by printing in each issue
a budget system for various salaries.
IL. To make Omaha a better
city in which to live by inaugurating
a more cosmopolitan spirit among our
American citizens.
Ii. To put a stop to the Divorce
Evil by passing a state law making the
mistreatment of a wife Or husband by
either of them a criminal ~offense, to
be decided by jury. First offense, a
Jail sentence of a short duration; sec
ond Offense, n Of longer duration;
third offense, n to five years in the
p~enitentiary. This, we believe, will
make men and women think before
marrying.
IA. We must become owners Of
our city government by paying a SEEM
ingly higher salary to those whom we
employ to administer it's affairs, a sal
airy that will attract men of higher
caliber.
The Omaha guide., 1941-11-01
LOCAL PLATFORM

Race prejudice must go. The
F~atherhood of God and the Brother
hood of mar must prevail. These are
the only principles that will stand the
acid test Of good citizenship in times
of peace, war and death.
/. We must have u pro-rata
Of employment in business to which
we give our patronage, such as groc-
cry stores, laundries, furniture stor-
es, department stores, and coal COM
panies in fact every concern which we
support. We must give our citizens
the chance to live respectfully. We are
tired of educating our children and
permitting them to remain economic
slaves and entering into a life of
shame.
2. Our Pro-rata of employment
for the patronage to u public cor
porations such as railroad companies,
the street car company the Nebraska
Power Co., the Northwestern Bell
Telephone Co., and other establish
ments we are forced to support by
right of franchise. Also our pro-rata
of employment in return for the taxes
We pay in our city, county, state and
federal government. \.
3. To encourage the establish
ment of a first class hospital, that we
may get the best there is in medical
science from our doctors whom we
know to be nearest to us, also to en-
courage a high respect for them and
encourage more Of our girls to take
nurses training.
4. A one hundred percent de-
pertinent of our citizens in our public
and private places of business, espec-
tally in street cars. If we are to be
respected we must act respectfully es--
pecially in public places where we are
constantly before the public eye.
5 A one hundred percent mem
bership in the Omaha branch of the
NAACP. should be had to encourage
the efforts put forth by the founders
Of this organization, and to assist the
general office to establish a five mil
ion dollar endowment fund to main
tain the operating expenses, and to
further the principles Of the NAACP.
for all people of all races. American
citizens must be educated to a higher
principle and a more thorough under
standing of inter-racial relationship
so that our country may in reality be
a government of the people, by the
%neonle, and for the people, in whole or
in fact.
The Omaha guide., 1941-11-01
NATIONAL PLATFORM

|. Fight for the passage of the
NAACP. Anti-Lynching Bill, thus
stop the shameful lynching of Amer
lean citizens.
2. One Of our Negro citizens in
The Omaha guide., 1941-11-01

eOaaC Guide Paper with Purpose Founded on the rnMksO SAvie to Our Race to- o. Cnv
oOWStt3 adtoOrFhg TMePaHomv which u wdd EphyMh here w@w writer by c. c. Gahvay, u of
he ccomdnsof the Onaha Guide o. Is 1926 and published mte frs tissue He 0mahaG nn@ Fh -
1927 .TeCmaaGu deS necessary institution oHe community in which HMws That's whit @ wHr
credit emay storms from 1E7MhH present day 19n
Evening star., 1941-07-21
Inquest Scheduled
Tomorrow in Staying
Of Ellen Cannon
19-Yeor-OId Sweetheart
Becomes Hystericol in
Police Stution Cell

A coroners inquest will be held
tomorrow in the formalities con-
nected with the investigation of
the fatal shooting Saturday of a
15-year-old school girl by her 49,
year-old sweetheart. An autopsy at
the District Morgue showed last
night that Ellen Reid Cannon died
OF a bullet that clipped an artery
leading to her heart.
Dr. Richard Rosenberg, deputy
coroner, reported that two other
wounds were found in her body from
bullets fired at her through a kitch-
en- door Guy Edward Oden has
confessed TO police that he killed
her because of Jealousy.
The inquest will be held at the
morgue at 11:3O am. tomorrow.
Meanwhile, the youth remained
in a cell at the first precinct sta
ton, where he has been held for
action of the coroner since he was
picked up by two headquarters de-
tectives while walking along South
Capitol street shortly after the kill
ing. Il shot her." police quoted
him as saying the moment he was
approached.
Oden, who was employed by day
as a meat packer and by night as
a theater usher, has become hys-
terical at times since his arrest.
Police reported he had signed
confession in which he said that
the girl, with whom he had been
keeping company since last Decem-
ber, was going to have a baby and
that her family has been nagging
us about it."
Ellen, who was graduated in June
from Jefferson Junior High School,
was killed instantly while she stood
in the kitchen at ia o street S.W.,
where she lived with her sister, Mrs.
Helen Yates. Her mother is Mrs.
Emma Holloway of 458 G street S.W.
Police found the gun in vacant
lot at @ street and Potomac avenue
S.W., where Oden said he threw it
after he left the Yates apartment.