davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily monitor. (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1940-1942, 1941-05-05
Public Invited
To Grocery Porty

REBIKAH LODGE will spon-
sor . grocery party In Barron
Hall on Friday evening at sis
o'clock.
The publie y invited to this
party, committee for which In
cludes Mrs. Philip Plevek, Mrs.
Harry Green and Mrs. Walter
Teffin.
FRED HE'S wss pleasantly
surprised On SaAamdAy evening
when . gro1D q friends ap-
peared 70 honor him ct Z party
in cslebeotioa ~ Ms birthday
Sunday. The guests included
Mrs.I Hess, Mn Grace Mallast,
Mr.. and MID v3oyd Barney.
MI. and Mrs.. Wl11iam Frick, and
Mr.. sad Ma G. y,.nins.
MR.. AND NM rRxDEAlCK
BREIT1HYI1nJn., entertained
q few friends - dlnnsr on Sat-
urday svsnino. honorins Mr.. and
Mrs. Byron rsou1oDl, who re-
Gently rsturAe6 frpm . Winter
spent IN rIorids:
mrs. ,D0AH q. RACINE
as>d n. - HGrn vpnSeia a.
The daily monitor. (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1940-1942, 1941-05-05
Mount Clesnens Group
Fetes Aloonoc Man )

A GROUP % friends and rsla-
tives gathered at The home Of
Mr.. and Mr.. Clarence Nunneley
in Algonac Saturday evening for
surprise combination dinner,
honoring Mr.. Nunnelsy's birth
day, which occurred on Friday.
Among the guests were Mr..
and Mrs. George Dankers, Mrs.
Katherine Shelton. Mrs. Lou A.
Hall, Mrs. Howard Messmore of
Utica, Mr.. and Ars. Charles
Mikelait and Miss Della Nun
neley Of Detroit, @ well rs rela-
tives and friends 3rom Detroit
and Algonac.
The daily monitor. (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1940-1942, 1941-05-05
Ceremony in ST PefeF y Church
Unites Couple on Saturday

MILDRED LUCILLE CAS-
PER. daughter Of Mr.. and Mr..
Leo Casper, lis Court street,
and Wilfred Daniel Rivard, con
Of Mr.. and Mrs. August Rivard,
1872 Lincoln avenue, spoke thair
marriage vows In st. Peters
Church on Saturday morning st
IL o'clock.
The bridal gown was Of pale
blue taffeta. made with Z sweet
heart neckiine. The sleeves
were short puffs and the skirt
The daily monitor. (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1940-1942, 1941-05-05
Completes Plans

RITA VAN HOLLENBECK.
daughter of Mr.. end Mrs. Ro-
mey J. vanHollenbeck, who to-
day names her attendants for
her wedding to Edward J. Yer
nier. son Of Mr.. and Mrs. +. J.
Vernie- on May a. In st. Peters
church. Miss vanHollenbeck was
honored yesterday at . tea and
linen shower in Detroit.
The daily monitor. (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1940-1942, 1941-05-05

Mrs. Lamkins WIN r.
in receiving By Mrs 11
with. Ticket chais1a6& s
Spier, and seating oG5qno ~
will be handled ~ III
renee Blades. i q ~ ~ Y n, II
Mrs. Frank Prfnonlk3 -
Mrs. q. Stuart Del6ett Vim r
side at the tea tsbls. NJ Y ~
The daily monitor. (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1940-1942, 1941-05-05
Coming Events



TODAY
IT. PETERS COUNCIL Of Nccw,i in st. Marys clubrooms
following May devotons in church at 1880 pm.
REBEKAH DISTRICT meeting in Romeo
WV AUXILIARY grocery party, In Veterans Hall, ut
HARRY oLIRIcH POST. American Legion in Legion club
FRANZ KUHN LODGE. Knights Of pyhias, in pythan hall.
BAPTIST W. WoaID WIDE GUILD. Mother and Daughter
:. z: sSns q an, 3a Ellis ss+, ,o Mor.a
' 'Tf1s;Ha MA ~ e"'''A ''' '",
LADY AnsnTEn ,;s Barren E Hail. at PM 11v
hrmation class in church parlors, at $50 PM
SAMPLE FAIR At Kings Daughters Home sponsored by Sill
CATHOLIC YOUNG PEOPLES sc CLUB dancing class in 81.
Msry's clubroons at 1880 pm.
DICKINSON PTA card party, at the home OF Mrs. Otto
Peters, I'll Croker boulevard, 2 to 4 pm.
GRACE CHURCH GUILD At parish house at pm
WESLEYAN LEAGUE Of Methodist church at the home Of
Mrs. Arthur Rosso 81 Scott boulevard, at pm.
SAMARITAN CIRCLE Of Kings Daughter. the hom. Of
Mrs.: joseph charheneau, Avery street at pm:
DAHLA CLUB Of St. Louis parish, at the home Of Mrs.
George DLuge. II Fourth street at pm:
FOUR O'CLOCK CLUB of St Louis parish at the home OF
Mrs. Rene Denewith Dickinson avenue at pm
BOARD OF DIRECTORS Of League Of Women Voters the
home Of Mrs. A. D. Brewer. 24l Riverside drive. at
CIVIC cMoSUs REHEARSAL, in McHs Community Room.
BIN JUNIOR sisrERHooD at Olympia Hotel, .. $50 PM
ANNUAL BIRTHDAY LUNCHEON Of FEC women's Guild. In
church dining room, at 1890 pm.
ST AGNES GUILD Of St Peters church at the home Of Mrs.
Robert McInerney, Jones street, at pm.
EVER ONWARD CIRCLE of Kings Daughters at the Home.
Business meeting at pm; supper at $50 pma follow
church. the hom.
Of Wilma Whiting North avenue. At pm
FEC GIRLS CLUB, the home Of Mrs. O. G. Bell South
Grafiot avenue, at pm
OAR At the home OF Mrs Neil Reid Lincoln avenue At ESQ
NEwroN-RwN PTA, at the school Sugar Bush road.
'sS and book review sponsored by Young
womens Episcopal League. at the home Of Mrs
Sumner Lamkns 1881 North Gratiot avenue. At
SNOWFALL CLUB At the home Of Dorothy Maison River
ANNUAL MEETING 81 Gilbert Memorial Baptist church.
TEA sponsored by Girls Own cree q xns Sd p.usht.
at the home Of Mrs Harold Lindsey, 81 South Wilson
boulevard e pm.
CHILD STUDY oRoUP 5, It the home Of Mrs james
Jackson, 1901 Little road. potluck dinner 1t $50
HERMAN XIX PTA, at school, corner Of Wolf Road and
FREE PUBLIC MAS MASS MsE em in Barron Han DE
LAdlow challenges debato. the Townsend Plan,
THURSDAY. MAY 8
LOYAL WORKERS Circle Of Kings Daughters At the home
Of Mrs. Ern1st Howell Highland avenue at pm. q
& TIE home q ldrs. James G. Jackson 1851 Lite
DESSERT c4s S;' sASTy pon.or.d BY 5. Ioui. Meow IN
VIA the home Of Mra Mathida wormsbscher 90 Grove
HAND isti s ;Ssss: e King. D.ssh. !. N. HON.
MARoARET Sorroam CIRCLE Of Kings Daughters, q
tbe hous q MA Walter Kandt ss4 Cas- avenue. q
sluz.x5 cIgs e 8 les. gsst.a. 4 y. homs q MA
LWMX4 ~! pieaie = lss 1sie = $50 pm !.
~ 5.sf Hesoom So R R:r9 rcd e: :. I e%
N - 5iassas ~ 9 sve,as 4 Q =.
The daily monitor. (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1940-1942, 1941-05-05
: WE THE WOVEN
Seeking Trouble, Wives?
Leave Hubby in City All Summer

THE WIFE packs clothes and off NICE
the while her husband lonely
thres months working in the city, always asking for
trouble t
The daily monitor. (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1940-1942, 1941-05-05

Young girls are pouring into the cities 70 take
Jobs opened up by the booming q ds3ense in
dustries and the CONSUMPTION Of men, Just q fast
q the young men are leaving the city for army
camps.
And the girls aren't going 70 find the city the
my. glamorous, exciting place they imagined.
There won't be nearly enough eligible young men
70 80 around. and as soon a. the newne0 Of their
jobs wears off they are going to Get bored.
They'll get 50 bored that they'll be delighted
when nice-loking married man, whose wife has
turned him into . bachelor for the summer, says,
How about dinner tonight?"
So bored that they'll shop for new hat h their
lunch hour and put on their shsereGe hoss and
The daily monitor. (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1940-1942, 1941-05-05

a REAL THREAT TO THE EASX.00Q@G WIFE
50 bored that they'll be the best listeners those
had for long, long time won't matter that the aren't
brilliant wity-they - girls who eating
dinner alone with another girl evening after evening
So bored that they really threat the wife
thinks all right her Just because
weather isn't comfortable In the city
Having had this pointed 70 her. the wife
leaves her husband Is Just plain dumb ss@4
The daily monitor. (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1940-1942, 1941-05-05

-sEND YoU. SUns - Z = ~ =!
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1941-03-10
QUESTIONS TO TEST
YOUR KNOWLEDGE

Can you answer seven ~
these test questions Turn to
page 10 for the answers.
l. When an automobile takes
curve at high speed. do the in
side or outside wheels tend to
lift off the road?
2, Was the first order number
drawn in the selective service
lottery of 1910. 1853, 25s or 35s?
3, Which British royal houses
fought the Wars Of the Roses ?
4, In which presidential cam
paign and by what party was
the slogan: I'VE stand at ARM
ageddon and we battle for the
Lord >"
8. Celesta is a chandelier,
keyboard instrument with piano.
like action, or a vegetable?
6. Name the eight states be-
ginning with the letter NJ.
Z. What is the approximate
numerical value of Pr
8. What island Is nicknamed
Pearl Of the Antilles >"
Q. In which opera is the IA
nous Anvil Chorus" sun?
10. Men assigned to X. p. duty
in the army XIII pigeons, collect
papers or work in the kitchen?
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1941-03-10
Speaking of Aid

The United States feels its present course
sendng arms and aid to party to war, while still
FIRMLY resolved not to take part in the IL is
Sechnque, and tend to think back to DAYS when
was either not in it. So feel uncomfortable
IN the present situation and shy from aggravatng it,
II is indeed strange technique But who introduced it
The German flyers and techncians, the Italian voun-
teer who helped Franco win the Spanish war; and the
Russian techncians and moraebuders" who helped the
Republic lose it. set the pace.
Interesting indeed the accounting given by the Italian
official Stefan agency of certain details of equip
nent sent TO Franco Spain during the civil war.
There were Stefan reports 1915 900 900 in loans very
little of which has been paid back There 1000
TO- 135 automatic 754537 artillery Shells 1868
submarines four destroyers and four motor torpedo boats
Nnetyone Italian warshps engaged i'm Spanish activ
ities 50 steamers feried the supplies Italian submarines
sank ~, 300 tons of hostile" shipping.
Italy "in" the Spanish war; of course even
when Itasnunformed troops under Italian officers
taking active part in the campaigns. These voun
teers."
But read the list of equipment sent which one
to be in addition to the equipment carried and
psed by the Italian volunteers" themselves Note how
closely parallels the kind of equipment which the United
States has been selling to Britain and which it pro-
posed to provide on a lend or lease" basis.
Surely there is going to be complaint from Italy,
6ermany Russia about the United States supplying
friendly engaged in international the
kind of materials which all three of these states supplied
10 side of . civil within country few short
years ago.
To be just there has been little complaint. Having set
NE pace for such the axis countries have by
and large conceded the right of the United States to
supply Britain
What might have been considered "cause" for
few is no longer considered to be such. The
kind of raging in Europe does not depend the
eften-flimsy Causes which peaceovng countries used
- be eager to avoid This kind of is often not
the aegressor country believes there advantage
- deprived from it.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1941-03-10

of Michigan has found conditions
which he regards as shocking.
He will submit his full report to
the house subcommittee on mill
tary appropriations after he has
toured several more centers in
the north.
Engel arrived at the canton
ments without flourishes and
rufnes. He did not disclose his
identity to camp commanders,
engineers and construction heads
until after he had prowled
around on his own, taking pic
lures with World war camera.
He visited one camp built on al
together unsuitable terrain, with
hardly level stretch in the
place.
II was located there to please
a prominent administration lead
er on capitol hill. Most of the
sites were seas of mud. Their
roads were unpassable without
a huge amount OF repair work.
One waste pile" of wood spoiled
by amateur carpenters amounted
to 5000. 900 feet of lumber.
The Michigan mans recent
floor criticism OF cantonment
conditions already has resulted
In tremendous improvement, &C
cording to high quartermaster
officials. They have improved
things at Camp Edwards on
Cape Cod, which Mr. Engel
singled out for special attention.
They have stopped paying SIS
o week to bond statesmen, lob
ster fishermen. ministers. COM
mon laborers and dentists posing
as skilled carpenters.
Wiser heads in the war depart
ment apparently have vetoed the
original plan to issue protective
pamphlets for the guidance Of
the American people in the event
OF air bombings. The new civil
ian defense branch of the army
was preparing to issue detailed
instructions on the British and
Canadian model. But the high
erups figured such an action
might ricochet because it would
SAVIOR of official hysteris.
Many mayors. especially along
the Canadian border. have writ
ten 10 Washington for more de-
tailed information. They will be
referred by the war department
to technical British magazines
which may be difficult TO OBJ
tain.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1941-03-10

fireplace fire originally kinoled
something over $50 years ago
BY his ancestors. Hes proud Of
il. and refused an offer from a
slightly whimsical museum,
which wanted TO buy it and keep
Il blazing as some sort OF a
monument TO pioneers. Every
body must have lots Of extra
time and few worries. down
Tennessee way.
We can't truthfully blame it
all upon our spring fever, but
wen take this occasion to make
a little apology TO friends Of this
department and 10 say we really
do intend to take you up on
those offers. That would include
Keith Goodman, Anna Jones,
Fred Bedford, Wood Freeman,
Fred Rice, Hans Petersen,
George Gayle and several others.
We haven't forgotten. But we
have been too busy. Forgiven q?
It's times like this (the sun is
soaking us through the window
and we are unspeakably lazy
and devoid Of any ideas demand
ing the slightest mental effort)
that we wish we were swinging
in a boatswain's chair high in
the rigging and pretending that
we were busy with bit of gear
while actually just enjoying the
solitude and view.
Anybody in the audience wish
to trade a marlin spike, palm
and needle. paintbrush or what
have-you for one slightly bat
tered typewriter that cam
spell?
BY the way, none of the T.Y c.
sailboats We're able 10 cross the
finish line in their race held last
weekend. Everybody had nice
day of it, however. and no
thanks to Chuck ogden and his
guarantee" of wind, the big
optimist.
Probably the best thing about
an essay like this one today
inasmuch as il doesn't make
much difference to anybody,
least of all to your humble serv-
ant, sir-is that after it goes on
and on and on unfortunately I'M
til even yours truly can't stand
it any longer, it can be ended
just like this.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1941-03-10
Stories in
Stamps
Fire Fights TO Keep
Hard Won Independence
=. $1,000 .---------- 1900

FIRE, last of European countries
TO win national sovereignty, is
caught IN the middle of another
war. And the Irish, remembering
700 years struggle for freedom.
want 10 keep out of this scrap.
Three years ago, on Dec. 20,
1887, Ireland shook of all British
control as the new constitution Of
the republic Of Ere became Ct
fectlve. The constitutional COM
memorative stamp, above, marked
the birth Of the independent ma
ton.
Invasion and conquest would be
no new experience for the Irish.
They have been embroiled m wars
and internal strife for centuries.
A thousand years before the
birth OF Christ, Particulars and
Nemeoians battled IN Ireland. FIR
oolgs. Danu tribes and Scots ruled
IN turn. The Danes came IN 500
4. D.. were driven out 200 years
later.
Strife with England dates from
ll72. when Henry II sought To-
gain possession Of the island. The
entire country came under Eng
IiSh rule during Elizabeth's reign.
Bitter, guerilla warfare swept
the Isle during World War years.
Finally. IN 1922. the irish Free
State was created. Today. the
outlswed Irish Republican Army
continues agitation for inclusion
OF English-ruled Ulster N FIRE.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1941-03-10

al Y tiit ttdi loNiiti = VI AiAt iN
Ting fascinating story begins
with the then Secretary Slim
sons attempt 10 persuade the
British to join us in a sharp pro-
test against Japan's seizure Of
Manchukuo in 1881. Sir John
Simon, then British foreign sec
Rotary. agreed at first. Suisse
quently he backed out of the plan
for joint action. Stimson sensed
that II Tokyo got away with this
piece of international banditry.
all international laws and agree
ments would collapse.
Partially because of Japanese
success. Italy invaded Ethiopia
and set the stage and precedent
for Hitler's scrapping Of the
Versailles treaty. the Locarno
pact and the Briand-Kellogg pact
renouncing war as n means OF
settling international disputes.
Stimson then bethought him
self of the International Law
association. whose committee on
Cancellation met in Oxford In
1892. Shortly before h assem-
bled. he virtually invited the
committee TO frame articles OF
Interpretation with respect to
the responsibilities falling on
signatories of the Kellogg BRAND
pact II another signer should go
TO war.
The committee on Cancellation
convened again in Budapest in
1894. II was headed by Lord
Blanesburgh OF England. and
except for one Egyptian and one
Italian the other members were
British experts in international
law.
Whereas the u. s. senate had
spurned suggestions that the
Kellogg BRAND pact required
that signatories should enforce
sanctions against an sggressor
nation. the committee held TO the
opposite view. II decided for
mally that signing nations should
open their ports to the victims
OF aggression. furnish military
supplies and send soldiers II nee
essary. II virtually wiped out
previous prohibitions against
such action. whether formulated
by Hague conventions or by the
nations involved.
The committee. in short, re
wrote international law at Slim
sons behest. Ii also recon-
mended that signstories revise
their municipal law" so as to
permit them TO give active rein
forcement 10 belesguered mem
FORMATIONS. The lesse-lend bill
amounts TO a revision Of munich
pal law in accord with the
Blsnesburgh groups proposals.
Stimson, In an address at Yale
last June. urged action in accord
with the committees program.
and several weeks later he be-
came a member Of the cabinet.
He advocated the Budapest con-
ferenee's articles of interpreta-
ton in his appearance before the
senate committee. and the ma
jority report on the lease-lend
bill also Incorporated the Blanes-
burgh theories.
In a one-msn investigation of
ak new army environments in
the csrolinss. Georgia and Flor
ida, Representative Albert Engel
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1941-03-10
Mr.. FIXIT
He Fixes Thinus

70 receive attention IN ths col
umn Letters must Eirs name and
address q writer OuIH Initials
vii be published when requested.
Mr.. Fixit: Il II too late 70
transplant = weeping willow
that WAS a YEAR old last fall.
and should IL be- trimmed . What
ran b. done about moles; They
are taking flowers and are very
thick where put nv garden.
l. VI II.
II would have been safer TO
have uansplsnted the willow
last fall but II you are careful
with the roots and keep It well
wstered. you should be able To
transplant II now. Get a small
quantity OF some OF this new
root stimulsnt at any seed store
and give the root system a taste
OF II before transplanting and
them some more Afterward. At
the same time your seed and i'm
plement store will show you how
To get the pesky moles out Of
your garden; there are numer-
Gus ways.
Mr.. Fixlt: What tire company
gives out pictures and other in
formation on American Indians
MRS. A. \.
am not familiar with any
thing of that sort put out by
tire company. the Great North
ern railroad, however. issues
colorful calendars featuring pic
lures of Indians.
Mr.. Fixit: I am a senior In
Puyallup high school and am
planning to become y machinist
on the railroad. To whom should
1 write for IN application blank
and To find out what the require
ments are M.F.
Write to superintendent, n. p.
Ry. shops, South Tacoma, or to
District Master Mechanic, Mil
waukee Railroad, Tacoma.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1941-03-10
SO THEY SAY:

PRAYER Is not overcoming
Gods reluctance. II is laying
hold OF His highest willingness.
Trench.
Pride defeats its own end. by
bringing the man who seeks
esteem and reverence into con-
tempt. Bolingbroke.
7 guess I can shoot as straight
rs anybody else. - Bob Feller.
Cleveland pitcher. declining 10
seek draft exemption.
can truthfully say 70 YOU
that all We children st home are
full % cheerfulness and courage.
Princess Elizabeth OF Britain
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1941-03-10
MONDAY. MARCH 10

On this first work dsy OF the
week adverse influences arc
dominant after the early hours.
There Is sign OF promise TO
business leaders who should
launch new projects carefully.
Labor again is under q threaten
ing sign.
Heart and Home: Women to-
dsv must be satisfied TO act A.
supporters and inspirers of pub
Nc service while the Young men
q the nation mobilize for de-
Tense. Training Of girls for I'm
portant positions in business and
the professions should be OF first
concern as men are withdrawn
for army. navy and aviation
forces. Readjustments In family
life viii be necessary. but they
must be made cheerfully.
Business Affairs: American
inventors are 10 win great sc-
claim by their contributions TO
war mechanisms OF many sorts.
Chemists also will prove their
ingenuity IN aiding government
efficiency. Proof OF speed in
production will be evident next
month when many factories will
turn out amazing results Of In
tensified industry.
Persons whose birthdste n "
have the sugury Of a year Of
prosperity and advancement.
Litigation should be avoided and
property safeguarded.
Children born on this dsy
probably will be successful and
fortunate in most WAYS. but
their health may be delicate.
Many will inherit fortunes.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1941-03-10
PULSE OF
THE PUBLIC
THOUGHTS OF THE TIMES

Editor The Times: The senti-
ment of good will that should
prevail at this time could and
would become a reality if our
representatives in government
would bring about a support of
the governments, for the peo-
pie within the nations who
aspire for the abolition of ex-
ploitations and oppression OF
man by man. A pure democracy
could be made a concrete reality,
by removing all obstacles which
restrict the development OF man.
kind. Therefore, the retard-
ments of democracy are inter-
related. inter-connected and in
ter-dependent upon the contra
dictions and irreconcilable an
tagonisms of the people of the
world.
Mankind has not evolved to
tit punt Witit It 10 soSidl
animal; as a result our economy
is impregnated with contradic-
tons. Contradictions such as
the antagonisms existing over
the control of our natural re-
sources. Our ideas come from
our sensations and our sensa-
tons from our environment.
Capital and labor go hand in
hand when the surplus values
produced by the laborers is con-
trolled by the people. Making
the phrase; "a government OF,
by. and for the people. con-
crete reality; in that capitalists
and workers differences arise
over the control of our natural
resources.
Because Of the contradictions,
an economy caused by the
control of natural resources by
selfish individuals, makes war
inevitable. producing famine and
starvation for the masses and
the Stacking of social coopera-
ton of all mankind. A remedy
for this is an equal distribution
OF pay. based on the quality and
quantity of commodities pro-
duced by the individual laborer.
The history of the relations of
nations is marked by a continu-
Gus struggle for freedom on the
part OF the people, striving for
control of environment. which
has been directly or indirectly
caused by the contradictions OF
economies adopted by the In
dividual nations.
The ineNtinguishsb Die hatred
for the rule OF violence has its
roots far back IN history. This
hatred cannot be sppeased as
long as this rule OF violence con-
tinues. caused by the control Of
natural resources by 8 minority
group. Exploiting the lsborers
in open or concealed forms pro-
duces violence.
All wars Of the past with the
exception Of few were for the
purpose Of acquiring new colon
les and markets for the sur
plus commodities produced bv
labor and the labor power hired
and paid certain predeter-
mined wage for the physical and
intellectual nervous energy
necessary TO produce the finish
ed product.
The desire Of profits by mega
tive elements. existing within
society Of nations makes war
inevitable. AL wars for democ-
racv were brought about by the
aspiration ~ the peoples for
freedom from oppression and