davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1941-04-27
Z Volumes Of New
International Law
Digest Are Ready
Authoritative Work by
Green n. Hockworth to
Be Released Tomorrow

The first two volumes of new
and authoritative Digest of Inter-
national Law" by Green H. Hack
worth, State Department legal ad-
wiser since 1925, will be released
tomorrow.
In announcing the publication,
the State Department said last night
that "the work will be of immeas-
urable value to officials of the Gov
eminent in providing precedents
and background for the formulation
of decisions on questions OF law
currently arising"
Designed to present an up-to-date
digest of precedentS involved in
current international law, the new
work deals with material and events
originating since 1906, when the last
preceding general work on the sub
ject prepared in this country, that
by John Basset Moore, was pub
lished by the Government.
The volumes prepared by Mr..
Hackworth do not attempt to revise
Mr.. Moore's earlier digest, which
for years has been the standard
reference work on international law,
or to incorporate material published
in earlier digests.
The material used by Mr.. Hack
worth has been selected largely from
the vast accumulation of diplomatic
correspondence in State Department
files, statements by foreign Offices
and treatise writers, rulings by judi
cial and administrative tribunals,
international agreements and legls-
lative enactments.
Such subjects as the rights and
duties of nations, recognition of
governments, effects of changes of
sovereignty, territorial limits of ma
tional jurisdiction, rights on the
high seas and other matters relating
to national jurisdiction are dealt
with in the first two volumes being
published tomorrow. The manu-
script for four additional volumes
was said to be practically completed.
Plans call for seven volumes in all,
with an additional index volume.
The State Department said that
since it is beariNg the basic expense
of printing the work, the Govern
ment Printing Office lis able. to offer
the books to others at nominal
sum" The first volume may be OBJ
tanned from the G. P. o. for So; the
second for SITS.
Evening star., 1941-04-27
BY MAI. GEORGE FIELDING
ELIOT.

This is an appropriate moment for
stock taking, so to speak, on the
campaign in the Mediterranean up
to this point.
The day-to-day news has con-
veyed the impression of British
defeat. This is an impression which
is correct only in limited sense.
The best Britain could have hoped
for was the chance of forming a
true Balkan alliance between Yugo-
slavia, Greece and Turkey, imple-
mented by mutual staff talks and
prior arrangements. But for this
there was not time, as it turned out;
Yugoslavia was beaten separately,
to all intents and purposeS and
Turkey was unable to move because,
separated from her potential allies
by the fall of Salonika, she lacked
the offensive power to strike at the
German flank and communications
in Bulgaria.
A military combination which
might have proved formidable in
deed, given another month or six
weeks for preparation, was not per-
mitted to crystalline. For this not
only German swiftness, but the
general dilatoriness of the powers
concerned, the inertia, the fear, the
hesitation, the wishful thinking that
has been the curse and the downfall
of so many small nations, is to be
blamed. The phrase too little and
too late," offered by Lloyd George
as the epitabh of democracies,
should be written beside those other
sad words, ''it might have been"
Much Is Gain for Britain.
But when all this has been said.
we must nevertheless concede that
much that has taken place in the
Balkans is a net gain for Britain.
Hitler has, after all, and greatly
against his will, been compelled
to fight in a region on and under
circumstances not of his own selec-
ton. The German high command
had no wish to fight in the south
east at all. They know, as well as
any one, that the decisive area OF
this war is the island of Great Brit
ain and its waters of approach and
| that the decisive period is probably
the next few months.
The Balkan campaign has divert
| ed man power, munitions and air
strength from the decisive area
and has cut sharply into the de-
cisive period of time. 1t has dis
located the German timetable. II
has enabled Britain to improve her
! defenses and it has gotten America
through the travail of the lease
lend discussion and into the first
stages of increased production.
1t has presented the Germans
with new and serious police prob
lem covering a vast area. 1t has
seriously impaired, if not destroyed,
some of Germany's best sources of
supply for minerals and foodstuffs.
1t has brought Germany's ally, Italy,
to the brink of collapse and has
compelled Germany to waste fur
ther time, effort and resources in
propping up partner who is now
a burden rather than an aid, just
as Austria Hungary became in the
last war.
In order to get these statements
in perspective, let us glance back
for a moment at the state of affairs
prevailing just prior to Premier
Mussolini's ill-starred invasion of
fy,H e
predominant in. the Balkans; that
they would serve as an axis store
house and supply area throughout
Evening star., 1941-04-27

committee secretary Enrique Herare Guatemalan First
Secretary Hector David Castro Ell Salvador Minister Colon Eoy
Afaro Ecuadoran Ambassador Rodolfo MicheS Chilean AM
basador Ramro Guerra Cuban representative the commit
tee; Ocavian Beeche Costa Rcan representative; Gabriel
Turbay, Colombian Ambassador Carlos Martins Brazilian
Ambassador; Luis F. Guachala Bolivian Minister Carlos
Pardo Argentine representative committee Felipe A Esp
Argentine Ambassador. Story Page AID "A. P. Photo.
Evening star., 1941-04-27
Lakes Ship Lines Coll
Embargo in Labor Dispute

BUFFALO, N. Y, April 81 up
(Sunday).-A shipping embargo,
called by two Great Lakes steam
ship companies in the face of q
labor dispute, went into effect last
midnight, four days before the Of
fetal opening of the lakes naviga-
ton season Thursday.
The embargo, if continued, will tie
up II package freighters and throw
about 1000 Buffalo dock and ware
house workers out of employment.
The Atlantic Transit
Evening star., 1941-04-27
Ships
Continued From First Page)

their full rights to navigation OF
those vessels both in their national
and international trade"
French Ship Seizures in Doubt.
Although the proposal did not
diferentiate between ships of var1-
GUS rationalities, there appeared to
he a question whether the French
ships in ports of both the United
States and Latin America would be
seized. CASTOR Henry-Haye, the
French Ambassador, said recently
after a talk with Mr. Welles that
seizure of the ships was not con-
temrlated.
Meanwhile, legislation, requested
by President Roosevelt covering the
use of axis and Danish ships preVl-
ously seized here, was ready for &C
ton in the House. These ships, 69
In number, have been held in pro
tective custody" for several weeks.
Three Republican members OF the
House Merchant Marine Committee
made public yesterday a minority
report opposing the legislation.
Signed by Representatives Culk1n
of New York, Oliver of Maine and
Bradley of Michigan, the report as
serted "if it is the hidden purpose
of this legislation to bring about
declaration of war or an undeclared
war, this bill affords ample encour-
agement to that end"
"Certain Pathway to War"
1--WE assert that the procedure
which this legislation implements is
one of the certain pathways to wal"
the minority added. Nor is that
procedure justified by the claim that
Hitler has violated international law.
We should not get down on all fours
with him"
Urging that the bill be amended
so that ships seized from any nation
at war could not be transferred -
any other belligerent, the minority
asserted that the United States al
ready had sold or transferred about
430 vessels to alien ownership at a
nominal cost of about $4,000, 900"
and is building 412 ships under
emergency programs.
In formally recommending the
legislation to the House, the COM
mittee's majority contended that in
view of the serious shortage" of
merchant ships, "the Government
would be open to the charge of
negligence if it permitted the con-
tinuance of immobilization in our
harbors of shipping facilities"
Apart from war sinkings, the COM
mittee said the shortage had been
caused by the withdrawal of foreign
flag tonnage which carried about
two-thirds of Americas foreign
borne commerce prior to the war.
Evening star., 1941-04-27
U.S.-Mode Bomber Flown
To British at Manila
2 The Associated Press.

2 > Tie Associated Press.
MANILA, April 26.-An American
made bomber destined for British
use was landed here today by an
American crew which flew it across
the Pacific Ocean over the CONNER
cial air route.
1t was the third such warplane
brought to Manila by American
flyers. A British crew will fly the
ship to Hong Kong or Singapore.
Evening star., 1941-04-27
Losses in War at Sea

following lists warfare losses reported during the
weeko April 20 to April 26, inclusive:
Evening star., 1941-04-27
Sex Education Topic

DR.. Chester E. Leese, associate
professor of physiology at the
George Washington University Med
ical School, will speak on sex edu.
cation at meeting of the mothers
study group in the Truesdell School
Tuesday at lis pm. ..-
Evening star., 1941-04-27
Slovuk Envoy Recalled

MOSCOW, April 26 lPy.-Franz
Tiso, minister of the German pro-
tectorate of Slovakia, has been re-
called from Moscow for an undis-
closed reason. His successor has
not yet been named. -.
Evening star., 1941-02-09

Three fororn small muSketeers - Ilona,
Arpad and Maria - would huddle by that
phonograph Two lent sympathetic ear while
Ilona memorized, in unfamiliar German sylla-
bles, the Prayer from La Tosca. 1t took weeks
Conditions in Budapest grew worse, not
better, and the kindly Dutch, more than half
way across Europe, sent word that Dutch
farmers would take into their home a number
of postwar waits. Mr. and Mrs. Hajmassy
and Dodo, Ilona's sister, wept, but they did
not hesitate to send the child away.
Ilona left home in a paper coat She says
The officials gave all us children bath at
the railroad station"
The meal on the train was the first full
one she had ever had; she ate herself i'll. In
Holland, at the dairy-farm home of Jacob
Boss, she nearly died because they told her to
help herself to cheese, any time The village
was little cluster of dairy farms with
church, fields under wide sky. There we're
kindly, cheerful faces. And there was plenty
to eat.
Iona met cleanliness. The barn was so
clean that no one ever thought of going into
it without taking off his wooden shoes -
'kloompas' they called them. Part of my work
was to knit heavy wool socks, with soles an
inch thick, to serve through the winter My.
they were warm!"
Evening star., 1941-02-09
Beck TO Holland

b0ck TO Holland
MR AND Mrs Boss wanted to adopt their
refugee but neither Iona nor her parents
could bear final separation. She returned to
Budapest after a while, but found starvation
even more rife. Come to us again." the
Bosses wrote, and she spent another strength
ening year in Holland. From there comes her
idealsm. Those villagers not only did no
evil they spoke none"
Return to Budapest she did, at thirteen, to
face life in the capital of a country wrecked by
war, communism and a punitive treaty.
Maria Kompka was there, and Arpad - and
the phonograph.
Ilona had learned enough in Holland to
know she was not stupid, but school did not
appeal to her. To sing. to sing - toward that
she must work.
She got job in a dressmaking establish
ment: hours, seven to six, then sweep up (she
picked pins from the floor with magnet;
then she must deliver packages. She was
given Carfare for the deliveries but invariably
walked long miles, reaching home after mid
night 81 was going to save to study music. ="
lildL Sulo WIN NOulO oHiB WSIC
hired for chorus work Il went to theater.
almost forced my way in. The manager said,
What do you want, child?' burst into tears
and told him everything - hunger cold,
dreams: I must, must sing! | must sing
She had become less the Ugly Illus, after those
Dutch cheeses, but no beauty. Luckily he
had large chorus - three rows. He gave me
job, in the third row."
Chorus girl Mrs. Hajmassy was shocked.
But the salary was eighteen dollars month,
as against dressmaking's twelve. Mother
accompanied daughter to the theater each
day; waited at the stage door.
Ilona stayed three years in that third row.
Things grew little better with the family.
Mother worked, Father when his injury let
him. And Dodo." Ilona took singing lessons,
the cheapest. Dodo found backing for hair
dressing shop; Ilona served as cashier - more
time for music. Mrs. Hajmassy took an old
professor into her home, and he galloped the
stupid" child through her hunked or missed
schoolwork He taught her to form correctly
the German words in the Tosca Prayer.
The moment had saved enough for a
month in Vienna" - it took year and a half
of penny -pinching -"I went there. knew
that at the State Opera they wouldn't even
speak to me- So tried to see the director of
the Peoples Opera For five weeks, every day,
tried Finally he agreed to hear me-"
What could she sing? The Prayer from La
Tosca. "As sang l thought of Arpad and the
phonograph, and Maria - and hadn't eaten
in two days. The tears streamed down my
face"
Conductor and director we're impressed.
Can you sing the whole of Tosca in Ger
man." Ilona's heart turned cold but she lied,
"Yes." The director shrugged. I'VE are in a
bad fix. We are scheduled to give La Tosca
in eight days, and no prima donna. Be ready"
Iona knew the music at least; her teacher
had let her sing the opera in Hungarian. Re
turning now to her furnished room, she found
CONTINUED on poge 18)
Evening star., 1941-02-09
The amazing story of Ilona Massey, born in a
way from utter poverty TO Hollywood stardom
by LupHon a. Wilkinson

Ugly Illus" She was also adjudged stupid.
Il never got my homework done. would go
from school to an absolutely empty two-room
fiat My mother and my older sister would be
out hunting work, or standing in line for food
rations thatdidn't come. Father, too. | couldn't
study in that cold and loneliness. would go
up to listen to the phonograph.
Evening star., 1941-02-09

Nature had fashioned Maria with perfection
- except for her nose. Where the bridge
should have been, faulty cartilage growth had
left depression. This shocking Disagreement
made her the butt of cruel jokes, and Ilona
fought for her like a wildcat
Ilona herself. weazened, with high cheek
bones and staring, hungry eyes, was known as
Evening star., 1941-02-09

~ couraged after knowing the story of
4 y Iona Massey.
On the screen Miss Massey is exotic.
Ernst Lubitsch calls her 'the only great
soprano ever saw with sex appeal" Off the
screen she is sincere, idealistic - and CRATE
full You see," she says, Il shall never get
used to warmth, good food and clothes"
During two and half years of grinding
apprenticeship in Hollywood, when it seemed
as though she would never get her chance.
many people thought her politician" or
crazy. She had strange habit - she thanked
everybody!
When Iona's chance came it was big -
costarring with Nelson Eddy in Balalaika.
Now, after much preparation, she stars again
as the singing sweetheart of Franz Schubert
in New Wine.
She looks very gay, this slim new star with
bright blue eyes. Her hair is one shade on the
golden side of taffy People crowd around her;
she enjoys laughing. 1t is impossible to be-
lieve that this girl thought success was being
not hungry" - until she tells why.
Ilona's childhood was unbelievably grim.
Her father, Frank Hajmassy, was one of a
large farming family - too large for the
farm. He walked eighty miles to Budapest
and learned linotyping Many Hungarians -
too many - hocked from farms to the city
around 1910.
Ilona was born in a tenement. Her early
memories are: Hunger and cold. Just cold.
Just hungry" The war came. Her father
marched away to three years of service.
Finally. crippled by wound. he suffered
through year and half in Siberia. He re-
turned broken; Iona didn't know him.
One Lone Comfort
DURING the war we received rations for
one person. -Four lived on them. Then we had
communism You know - no food at ALL"
Into the damp tenement yard - more like
a well - floated the one influence that
brought any happiness to the half-starved
child; it marked her life and gave her one of
the only two friends she had.
Arpad Arbogels father, a composer, had
been killed in the war. He left his son two
things: a love of music and phonograph with
many fine records. The boy - he was all
white face and large eyes" - lived with his
mother on the tenement's top floor. What
floated down to comfort the shivering little
Iona, was music
II 'Istopped Arpad in the hall and asked him
about the music He said, We have no heat,
but you can come and listen.'"
The other close friend was Maria Kompka
Here she is in BoIoIoiko. A
Next she'll be in New Wine Nj
Evening star., 1941-02-09

= ~oBoDY in the world should ever be dis
couraged after knowing the story of
q " Iona Massey.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1941-10-31
HEst,SSf
STAGE SCREE Ado
BY VIRGINIA VALE

released by Western Newspaper Union.)
lane WYMAN and Regis
y Toomey have teamed to
shatter all records for the
screens longest kiss - it last
ed three minutes and five
seconds, and you'll see it in
Warner Bros you're in the
Army Now" The former rec
ord was held by Ann Sheridan
and George Brent. Jane and Regis,
seated on a hard piano bench, were
told just to keep on kissing till told
to stop, while Donald Mcbride, play
ing James father Gas well as an
army colonel), discussed military
problems. First thing they knew,
they'd set a new record.
y
Old-timers may remember "Hu-
moresque," which was filmed way
back in 1920 with Alma Rubens,
Vera Gordon and CASTOR Glass. It's
coming back to the screen, this time
probably with John Garfield in the
Castor Glass role, that of violinist
whose career is cut short by military
CONSUMPTION.
*
Fred MacMurray was too young
for the last war, so he didn't know
what it feels like to crawl through
barbed wire entanglements till just
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1941-10-31
Ask NE p
ANOTHER
The Questions

1. What Roman emperor made
Christianity a legal religion for
the first time?
2. Do forest fires kill fish, and
if so, how?
8. How much pressure is exert
ed by the atmosphere at sea
level?
4. What is an apocryphal story?
5. How does the Black sea COM
pare with Lake Superior in size?
6. What is the largest city in
the United States not situated on
navigable water?
z. Who wrote: 81 keep six hon.
est serving men (they taught me
all / knew; their names are What
and Why and When and How and
Where and Who?
s. Who is often called the
"Apostle Of the Scots?
9. What is a halberd?
10. In English, what is the most
frequently used capital initial
letter?
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1941-10-31

ly and blue, associated there with
group of very rich people who
thought of only good times. Among
them was an attractive man of so
who devoted himself to me. I con-
TESS that my mood was one of reck-
lessness and responsibility.
made several trips with him to San
Francisco and let him make me
some very handsome gifts.
''But all the while my heart was
steadily turning back to Frank, and
the security and happiness we had
known in our home, with our beau
tiful little girl. I longed for them
both, and for my husbands advice
and understanding. When I re-
ceived letter from him saying that
he felt the same way, and that
Tanya needed her mother, my heart
was filed with joy for the first time
in years. But the SQUIRE as I
call my Reno friend, also wants me
to marry him. He has been three
times divorced, but in two cases it
has been to free his wife for a mar
riage she desired. The first time
it was from a woman 28 years his
senior; he was but ~ then.
Seeks True Happiness.
"Can you help me find my way
to true happiness through this mesh
of mistakes? ! know am a foolish,
weak woman, although have never
consciously done anything that
could hurt anyone but myself. But
! do want to be happy even though
I am 80 now and don't expect the
raptures of young love again. The
Squire has little money, but he lives
in New York and knows everyone
worth knowing. To go back to
Frank, on the other hand, means
my old environment, my old friends,
and my little girl. Which way lies
wisdom?"
Georgianna, who writes this let
ter, includes picture of herself, a
pardonable bit of vanity, for she is
a beautiful woman. Slim, well
dressed, with a smart hat sweeping
off her face and her hands in the
pockets of a magnificent fur coat,
she looks capable of getting into
lot more mischief before she is
through. Such women, in truth,
never get through. They 60 on into
wrinkles and crimps and gray hair
still looking for conquests; still
secretly proud of themselves be-
cause men continue to be selishly
attentive to them.
/ have no advice for her. She
wouldn't take it anyway. But if I
had known her mother 20 years ago
! might have been able to say some
thing that would have been helpful.
Something about morality and duty.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1941-10-31
A Word TO THE WISE

What a pity tOe are so reluctant
to heed good advice! Children
don't like to hear about such dis
agreeable things as duty and
morality" And sohen an older
,Uoman tells a younger one that
the way to insure the happiness
of her marriage is BY patience,
tolerance and forgiveness, the
younger ,Uonran is likely to say
something about not sOanting to
be martyr. But the prevalence
of this attitude does not alter the
fact that only through obeying
the rules Of morality can sUe
achieve that larger freedom
which is so different from mere
,oilltuIness and sohich is the only
real basis for a lasting happiness.
Let Kathleen Norris tell you sUhy
she might haze helped the Ceor-
gamma of this letter if she had
knos0n her mother twenty years
ago.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1941-10-31
Brave Man

Brave Man
The brave man is not he who
feels no fear, but he whose noble
soul its fear subdues, and bravely
dares the danger nature shrinks
from. Baltic.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1941-10-31

Don't worry about what to send
the man in Uncle Sans services
for Christmas. He's told the coun-
try himself in any number of sur
veys. Cigarettes and smoking to-
bacco top the list of what he wants
first of all from the folks back
homeland first of all is Camel
Cigarettes. Actual sales records
from service mems stores-in the
Army, Navy, Marine Corps, and
Coast Guard-show Camels the
largest-selling brand, with Prince
Albert Smoking Tobacco a stand
out favorite. Local dealers are
featuring Camels in handsomely
wrapped carton and in a novel
Christmas package of four fiat
fifties"-either way you give 200
cigarettes. Prince Albert is fea-
tured in the pound tin and pound
glass humidor all Christmas gift
wrapped.-Adv. a3s X
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1941-10-31
Alien Officers

For many years in the British
army, says Golfers, King Haakon
of Norway has held the rank of
colonel, Kings Christian of Dem
mark and Leopold of the Bel
gians have been colonels-in-chief
and Emperor Hirohito of Japan
has been field marshal, rank
higher than that of a full general.