davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1941-04-14
Cap William'Orr, 8,
Celebrates Birthday

Mrs. Robert Orr was hostess at
birthday party Saturday after
noon for her son, Cap William
Orr, in honor Of his eighth birth
day The Is children played games
and prizes were won by James Fox,
jeanette Adlof, Lorraine Schoolmas-
ter. Joan Whitman. Daniel Short,
Robert Reed, Ralph Block and
Charles Reeves,
A birthday cake centered the
table and white candelabra were on
either side. Individual birthday
cakes were also. served and indiyid-
ualTEaster baskets were used as
place cards. Decorations we're in
harmony with the Easter season.
For favors the boys were given G.
Men badges and the girls badges in
blue.
Mrs. Orr was assisted by Mrs.
Olive Schoolmaster and Miss Al
Evening star., 1941-04-10

young man who said he expected to
be inducted into the Army under
the selective service system before
the end of this year, explained he
used the pseudonym because he has
relatives in the Greater Reich--"and
I have q very bad record"
Tells Of Finding Bund.
He told newsmen in the Mayf1ower
Hotel of having found German
Bund center in a beer cellar in an
American city, of having gained the
confidence of q fellow drinker and
of having been shown an advertise
ment of one of his own lectures as
a disgusting example of the activity
of German-hating Jews. With evi-
dent pleasure Mr.. Rudolph" related
how he later sent a post card to the
beer cellar acquaintance, revealing
his own identity and pointing out
that mot only Jews are against
Hitler"
The erstwhile hroadcaster indi-
catetl-a and Count Czernir, chair
man of the new group, agreed-such
incidents could be multiplied by
Austrian Action into something ap-
preaching q war of nerves" TECH
nique which might reclaim for the
cause of freedom many misguided"
Austrians and descendants Of Aus
trians now affiliated with Nazi Or
Evening star., 1941-04-10
Austrian Trio Tells
Of Plans 10 Beat
Hitler al Own Games
Hopes to Conduct War
On Nerves to Win
Misguided Countrymen

Three Austrians who have taken
out first papers in their plan to
become citizens of the United States
told reporters yesterday of Austrian
Action, an organization they feel
may be able to beat the Nazis at two
games at which Adolf Hitler and
his disciples have proven themselves
highly skilled propaganda ard
pressure.
The men were Count Ferdinand
Czernin, author of Europe: Going,
Going, Gone; Mr.. Rudolph" for
mer director of the Free Austria"
broadcasting station in Paris, and
Gregor Sebba, an economist.
Mr.. Rudolph" a husky, blond
Evening star., 1941-04-10
D. c. Filipino Council
Elects Cundido 'EIbo

Candido T. Elbo, chief clerk In the
office Of the Philippine Resident
Commissioner, has been elected
president of the Filipino Executive
Council of Washington, it was an
nounced yesterday. He succeeds
Bernardo A. De Guia.
Other officers elected were Emilio
B. Butuyan. vice president; Osmundo
Reynante, reelected secretary; Mr..
De Guia, treasurer, and Ruperto M
Flores, auditor.
Evening star., 1941-04-10
Militory Engineers to Meet

The Society of American Military
Engineers will meet in Washington
May IL and 13. with headquarters at
the Mayfower Hotel, an announce
ment stated today.
The group will pay visits to the
new airport at Gravelly Point and
to the new Engineer Replacement
Center at Fort Belvoir,
Evening star., 1941-04-10

phere.
To Seek Members.
Count Czernin explained the eight
day-old movement would strive to
enlist q dependable membership to
carry forward the ideal of a lib
Grated Austria through radio pro-
grams directed to Latin America
and Europe and by any other prac-
ticable means.
Count CZernin said the trio had
visited the State and Justice De-
partments yesterday to acquaint
these agencies with their aims and
intended to keep them informed Of
all activities.
There isn't overwhelming resist
ance against Nazi domination in
Austria today, but there Is resist
ance, and that is important" the
chairman said.
Evening star., 1941-04-10
To Seek Members.

in the Western Hemis-
phere.
Henderson daily dispatch., 1941-09-03

Continued on Page Eight
Henderson daily dispatch., 1941-09-03
Sales
by
Trade Board

F. 5. koyster Is Presi-
dent and L. f. Nanny
Secretary treasurer;
A. T. HNcNeny Is Vice
President; Commit
tees Named.
Evening star., 1941-02-09
Inadequate Ranks for Officers
A Weakness, Maj. Eliot Holds
Lack of Proper Position Is Handicap
To Army, Navy Chiefs, He Declares

new Bureau of Ships, which COM
bines the old Bureaus of Construc-
ton and Repair and Engineering
and thus raises its chief to a posi-
ton of very great influence and i'm
portance. The position of the Chief
of Naval Operations should be reg
ularized by law; there should never
be any question as to who is the
military chief Of the Navy-the
whole Navy.
Single Command Maintained.
The recent reorganization of the
fleet maintains the principle of a
single command for the United
States Fleet, but vests that COM
mand in the commander of the
Pacific Fleet. Experience has long
demonstrated that a chief COM
mand cannot be efficiently exer-
cised by an officer who is also
charged with command of a sub
division of the whole force. He
cannot hope to see the big pic
ture' as can one who has no SUBJ
ordinate responsibilities. nor can
he fail either to give preference to
his own partial command over the
other parts, or else to lean over
backwards to avoid doing so and
thus be unable properly to serve its
interests. Before the present re-
Evening star., 1941-02-09

organization, the fleet included the
battle force. scouting force, subma-
rine force and base force, together
with the newly created patrol force
in the Atlantic Ocean. The ASiatic
Fleet was separate command. Now
we have an Atlantic Fleet, a Pa
cific Fleet and an Asiatic Fleet,
with the big flag" in the Pacific.
Quite obviously the Atlantic
Fleet was growing, and our naval
responsibilities in the Atlantic were
becoming such that a higher status
than that of a subordinate force
command" was required for that
area. The present organization
seems to meet the need, though
than Atlantic and Pacific, with their
tendency to the creation of vested
political and local interests. might
have been selected. However. it is
quite clear that there is a need for
commander in chief, United
states fleel, WHO SIldll Ue Ill COIl-
mand of the whole of our forces
afloat. and identified with none of
the subdivisions in particular He
should have a fast cruiser as a
flagship, and should proceed from
station to station as required. His
staff need not be large: indeed. it
should be concerned entirely with
strategical and general planning,
not at all with training and admin
istration. which should be left TO
subordinate commanders. 1t is
probable that the rank of this of
f1cer, and of the Chief of Naval
Operations. should be that of ad-
miral of the fleet; and there should
be an adequate number of admirals
Evening star., 1941-02-09

and vice admirals for subordinate
commands.
Responsibilities Increase.
Indeed, our whole republican re-
luctance to create high military rank
ought to be overcome to the extent
necessary to give officers ranks
commensurate with their RESPONSE
bilitieS. AS our establishments in
crease, the responsibilities increase
The proper rank for corps COM
mander of the Army is that of lieu-
tenant general; for the commander
OF field army, that Of general. If
still higher Jank-general of the
Army, or field marshal-must be
found for the chief Of staff or the
commanding general of the Army, it
should be done. 1t Is serious hand
leap to officers entrusted with
heavy responsibilities to be denied
the rank which every one of their
subordinates knows we'll ought to go
with the job.
We should give serious considera-
tion to all these problems OF high
command. If we can solve them
before we are called upon to use
them in war, we shall have an ad-
vantage which We have never en-
joyed before; an advantage which
might, conceivably, make the diff
ference between victory and defeat.
Quite as important, however, if not
more important, are the problems of
the relationship and interlocking
responsibilities of military COM
manders and their civilian superiors.
this has been an acute question
whenever a nation possessing DEM
ocratic institutions has been COM
PEELED to wage war. I propose to
discuss this matter in a subsequent
article.
Copyright, ls4l BY New York Tribune, Inc }
Evening star., 1941-02-09
Drive Being Prepared
In Africa, Italians Soy
By the Associated Press

ROME, Fe. 8.-The official
italian radio reported tonight that
a Fascist offensive against the Brit
ish was being prepared in un-
specified areas of North Africa.
The high command acknowledged
the loss of Bengasi, saying that the
town had been evacuated to spare
the civilian population, after two
days of extremely bitter battle in
which both Italian and British
losses we're severe"
The Duke of Aosta, the viceroy
of East Africa, returned today to
Adds Ababa after a flying visit to
the Italian lines in Eritrea, where
Cheren, on the road to ASmara, the
Eritrean capital, against the British
advance.
Further British Drive Seen.
AS to Libya, a further British
drive-perhaps to the capital of
Tripoli-WaS enviSaged here, the
newspaper Lavoro Fascista declar-
Ing tle bIlIiSii "oulu HoC VIII IIle
war even il - their columns OF
tanks and armored cars should ar
rive up to Tripoli."
Bengasi was described by the
Rome radio in an English language
broadcast as having no real value
either strategic or in the general
situation, in the Mediterranean"
The press again warned the
United States against shipping arms
to Britain.
Evening star., 1941-02-09
BY MAJ. GEORGE FIELDING
ELIOT,

With a rapidly expanding defense
establishment and the incidence of
crisis in our foreign policy, the prob
lem of military command becomes
acute and complicated. Hitherto We
have always improvised system
of command after our wars begun
and thereafter proceeded by proc
ess of trial and error.
In time of peace We have always
tended toward mistrust of what
might be called the organs of high
command; We have rarely tried to
perfect. but rather to reduce and
hamstring them. This is perhaps in
herent in a healthy Anglo-SaXon
determination to maintain the sub
ordination of military to civil au-
thority: nevertheless there is dis
tinction to be made between such
subordination and the creation at
least of the skeleton framework of
the necessary agencies of military
command which war requires.
In the present instance we have
found that the expansion of the
Army has required complete over
hauling of the agencies of command.
We have created a general head
quarters, to have charge of the
training and organization of our
Army. Under this general head
quarters function four field armies
and the General Headquarters Air
Force. The armies in turn control
the corps and divisions which are
the chief units of the mobile ground
forces while the General Head
quarters Air Force deals with its
wings and other component units.
Territorial administration as dis
tinct from the command of mobile
units is dealt with by the nine
corps areas, which are now
entirely departed from the prob
lens Of training and commanding
the mobile units. The overseas de-
partments Panama. Philippines,
Hawaii and Puerto Rico come di-
rectly under the War Department
This is sound chain Of command
and a proper division of functions.
Duality of Function.
The Chief of Staff of the Army
has by law the full military control
of the Army and is legally the chief
military adviser of the Secretary of
War. Toward the General Head
quarters he acts in the dual function
of commanding general Whether
this duality can be maintained, or
whether there must be re-created
the old position Of commanding gen.
nate of the Chief of Staff, remains
for experience to determine. The
Chief of Staff has the rank Of gen.
eral. and commanders of armies, the
General Headquarters Air Force and
the more important overseas de-
partments the rank of lieutenant
general. The ranks are temporary
enduring for the term of the ap-
pointment only.
The Navy's system is rather diff
ferent. The Chief of Naval Opera
tions is the principal military ad
wiser to the Secretary of the Navy,
but his authority over the bureaus
of the Navy Department, which are
legal entities, is matter of regula-
ton rather than law. 1t has been
contested in the past by bureau
chiefs, and might be contested again,
that the regulations are binding only
when they do not contravene the
law. In other words, a Chief OF
Naval Operations, in dealing with
bureau chief, may find himself on
uncertain ground. This is partic-
ularly the case in dealing with the
Evening star., 1941-02-09
Womun's Club to Meet

MANASSAS, Va. Feb. 8 (SpeciaD
The Manassas Woman's Club will
meet Monday at 2;30 pm. in the
parish hall. Mrs. c. c. Lynn, presi-
dent, will preside, and Mrs. C. r. C.
johnson will speak on Recent
Books" Hostesses include Mrs. c. c.
Lynn, Mrs. w. L. Lloyd, Mrs. j. P.
Lyon, Mrs. r. L. Lewis, Mrs. F. M.
Lewis and Miss Margaret Lynch.
Evening star., 1941-02-09
Methodist Institute
To End at Frederick

MOUNT AIRY, Md, Feb. 8.-More
than 300 young people of Methodist
Churches OF the Frederick area are
expected to attend a banquet Mon
day night at Calvary Church, Fred
erick, to conclude the annual Meth
odiSt Institute which has been under
way since early last night.
DR.. Horace E. Crawmer, pastor OF
Emory Methodist Church, Washing
ton, and president of the Conference
Board of Education, will address
the meeting.
Palestine has more than doubled
its exports of bromide in the last
wear
Evening star., 1941-02-09

A MAN or WOMAN who fire.
quently must address groups
of people for business. politi-
cal. or social purposes, but
who is uncomfortable and
self-conscious while doing it
and uneasy about it after
wards.
AN EXECUTIVE who holds
a responsible position. but
whose reputation and prestige
suffer because of a nervous,
awkward m amer while
speaking to a group of asso-
ciates or subordinates.
A PERSON who is at present
a public speaker, but who de-
sires the increased force and
ease gained by period of
guided practice and con-
structive criticism.
Evening star., 1941-02-09
You Can Profit From This
Course If You Are

AN INDIVIDUAL who ffnds
difficulty in winning accept
ance Of your ideas, due TO in
effectiveness in self-expres-
sion.
A TEACHER whose career
could be substantially ad-
vanced by improving your
ability to address influential
persons with ease and effec-
tiveness.
A SALESMAN who knows
that the ability to sell ideas
or merchandise is largely de-
pendent on a forceful, conf
dent manner Of speaking.
A PERSON who is too rest
less to sit still who has
a burning desire to move for
ward and to make 1941 count
for something in your life.
Evening star., 1941-02-09

What This Training
Will Do for You
PROVIDES A PRACTICAL
SETTING in which to practice
effective Speaking. in the COM
panv of other people who have
TIE courage to admit handi-
CAP and the vision to do some
thing about it.
EOUIPS YOU WITH SELF
ASSURANCE: banishes audi
ence fear. Address any group
or individual without embar-
raSsment.
SHARPENS YOUR THINKING
when under pressure of plat
form speaking or conference
room discussion.
SMOO THES OUT THE
ROUGH SPOTS" in diction
and posture. Corrects nervous
habits, WI ardness and
"hand-consciousness."
GIVES YOU A WORKABLE
SYSTEM FOR REMEMBER
ING names, faces and what
you intend to say.
ENABLES YOU TO FORGET"
YOUR STENOGRAPHER and
dictate effective letters with
spontaneous ease.
DEVELOPS YOUR POWER
TO SPEAK EXTEMPORANE-
OUSLY.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1941-12-12
Ladies' Society
 Elects Officers

The Ladies' Aid society of the Third Congregational church en- joyel a Christmas party and luneh- con yesterday afternoon, Mrs George Callan of Pennington ave- nue was hostess She was assisted In serving by Mrs, Frank ETan1en and Mrs. B, w. Erk,
 During the business meeting Mrs, Walter Johnson was elected as press ident of the organization with the following slate, Mrs, Louis von Lott, vice. president; Mrs, Gilbert Hen. derSon reelected treasurer; Mrs, Louis Nichols, reelected secretary; Mrs. B, W, Erik, club secretary,
 Mrs. Henry Tooker, retiring pres- ident, was presented with q gift of money. Installation will take place in January, Mrs, Otto Sihoid re- ceivet the door prize donated by Mrs. Callan.
 Those attending included Mir. and Mrs. Conner R, Lewis, Mrs, Harry Roden, Mrs. Frank ETanzen, Mrs WAltar Johnson, Mrs, Clifford Tur- ney, Mrs. Robert Jones, Mrs. Frank Williams, Mrs. Daniel line, Mrs, Joseph Mackie, Mrs. Joseph Smith, Mrs. Otto Sihold, Mrs. 3. w. Erk, Mrs. Louis Nichols, Mrs. Gilbert Henderson, Mrs. Louis Richard, Mrs. William Weston, Mrs, Harold Fogg, Mrs, Herman Valentine, Mrs. Mor- ton Chipman, Mrs, Henry Tooker and Mrs, Albert Harris.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1941-12-12
Personal
Mrs. Gillespie
 Feted At Party

Mrs, Robert 0lllesple, the former Rita hanoue of Marion avenue. was feted at a miscellaneous shower given on Wednesday evening at the Quaker Inn by Miss Mae Earring ton.
 Among those present were. Mrs. Qeorgianna Clark, Mrs. Mary Hea- ney, Mrs. Marion Reiser, Mrs. George Gillespie, Mrs. Charles Earl Mrs. Fred Stevens, Mrs. Louise Hart Mrs. Agnes Bolger, Mrs. Mary Dil- lane, Mrs. Helen Warrington, Marie 0harTon, Esther sullivan, Cardita Palo, Agnes CaETolan, Airline O'Don- nell, Agnes Reilly, Pat Hoxx, Loret- ta Reillsy, Rena BOwes;
 sally slocum, Louise Desantis, Peggy MoynlhaF, Regis Bowling, Helen O'Connor, Theresa Pixgutto, 0enUvleve Robllinrd, Mary Horar, Dorothy MeWaeney, Jahe Higgins, Kay MCVerry, Peg Heaney, Mae Burlington, aad Peg Harrington,
 MT. and Mrs. Gillespie are now re siding ct I!2 Highland avenue.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1941-12-12
Women ;sLeague
 Opposes Bill

The National League of Women Voters yesterday urged the Senate Finance Committee Co eliminate specific House-approved revislons of tho Sugar Act of 1887 lnimical to Latin- American relations and the Reciprocal Trade Agreements Pro- gram. The Connecticut League of Women Voters, following a meeting Of It's State Board of Directors earlier in tho week, wired Senator John A. Danaher, a member of the committee, urging opposition to the bill.
 \ m a statement Go the Senate Committee the League declared that the onslaught of war emphasizes anew the importance of developing and maintaining the closest and most friendly relations possible with tho other Americas, and that cer- tain provisions Of the revised Sugar Act would be q serious blow to gugar-productng Latin American countries" The League also pointed out that "it would seem wise to as- sure the United States on adeuuate supply of sugar at this time."
 Long active in support of the Re- clprOcal Trade Program and inter- American cooperation, the League Assaiied the House action because ot its effect upon Cuba, the British West Indies, Peru, Haiti, and the Dominican Republic.
 The complete statement follows:
 'The onslaught of war emphasizes anew the importance of developing and maintaining the closest and most friendly relations possible with the other Americas. Certain provi- sions of II, R, S0s8 revising the Sugar Act of 1887 would be a serious blow to Sugar-producing Latin~ American countries. These provi~ sions of the bill should be slinin- ated.
 "Althouea the provisions of the bill might not react to the imme- diate disadvantage of Cuba, its long term effect would be adverse, since it would decrease the basic percent- age share of Cuba in the U. S, sugar market.
 "The redeianitlon of Mquod sugar would result In placing . virtual embargo on syrups from the British West Indies. This result would be a violation of the trade agreement with the United Kingdom.
 "The provisions of the bill affeet- ing the full duty countries of Peru, Haiti, and the Dominican Republic have new significance because of the attack on the Philippines and Has wall. ft would seem wise to assure citizens of the United States an adequate sugar supply at this time, but under the terms of the bill, 1t k anticipated that only i26,000 tons Of sugar could be shipped from these full duty countries Into the United States in lo42, although some 400,- 900 tons have come into the United States during loAi from these same countries.
 The League Of Women Voters urges the Senate Finance Commit tee to revise II. R. B0eS to remove discriminations against Lattn- Amer lean countries" @
The Waterbury Democrat., 1941-12-12
Martins Entertained
 By YMCA Members

MT. and Mrs. Calvin ,. Martin were the recipients of tributes, wishes and gifts at a party given last night in their honor by their fellow members of tho Y. M, Q, A
 Following group singing, Walter Malins, general chairman, introduced Richard Caroian of the Beta Hl.X club, who expressed the appreciation of the boys for the work of MT, Martin. General Secretary Herbert s. smith spoke of Mir, Martins work with the youths of Waterbury and wished him well in his new field at Portland, Maine.
 Mrs. Martin was highly commend. ed for her work with the women's and girls division and especially as advisor Of the Y-Ettes' club for the past Ave years.
 pacifcio "Chic" Mendillo presided at the plano. Refreshments were served by Sally 0reerlaw, Ruth Malins md Gordon Gsntiles, Malins and Gordon Gentles.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1941-12-12
Junior Red Cross
 Presented Program,

Members of Crosby High schools Junior Red Cross organization last night presented . play, christmas Awakening" at the Brcokslde Home, under the direction of Miss Marie Mcdonnell. A second performance will be given th!s evening ct the gouthmayd home on Columbia boulevard.
 The cast includes Donald Sleeves. Arthur Johnson, Eveline Angrave, Kathleen Bgearton, stephen Moran, Joan Vanasse and Robert Draptin.
 School sponsor for the Junior Red Gross at Crosby is Miss Katharine Connor. Miss Helen Haugh Is chair man Of the organization for all the schools oE the city,
The Waterbury Democrat., 1941-12-12
B&P Women's Club Plan Yuletide Party

Members of the Waterbury Bus. mess and Professional Women's Club will gather for their annual Christmas party Tuesday, December 10 At 6:30. This party Is under the auspices Of the Social Committee Of which Miss Caro R, Crompton Is chairman.
 Members will bring c gift for the grabbing and also a gift for either the club furnishings, club defense projects or underprivileged children of the city. They are asked to mark the gifts for their particular pro- ject.
 Dinner will be served at 6:30 and Christmas carols will be sung and other entertainment furnished. All planning to attend are asked to sign up by Monday noon,
The Waterbury Democrat., 1941-12-12

trick, and then laid down seven sure tricks in diamonds and hearts.
 North won the third round of spades, then led a heart and ducked the trick to West. A club came back, but deciarer went right ~up with the ace and cashed seven red tricks in a hurry.
 I say that declarer ducked the heart trick to West because that is just the way the play happens time and again, casually as though the defense were helpless. But an alert East player can kill the heart suit. He should go up with the jack on the first heart lead.
 If he is allowed to hold the trick, he w1sl set the contract with his spades. If dummy wins, then the hearts cannot be brought in unless North was dealt three hearts. Tn this case. the play of the jack will give up the only defensive stopper, but ak seems probable 10 East here that if declarex wins four heart tricks, nc is sure % make game anyhow.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1941-12-12
WeIch Circle Held
 Yuletide Dinner


 The Pride of Weleh Circle, Com- panions of the Forest, enjoyed a Christmas dinner and social recent ly.
 Among those present were; Mrs, Joseph Seery, Mrs. David Grenier, Mrs. Harry Slzer, Mrs. John Byrnes, Mrs. Harry Truelove, Mrs. Joseph McArdle, Mrs. Sarah Cal- Ian. Mrs. John Chauvell, Mrs. John McAree, Mrs. John McAree, Jr., Mrs. Joseph Dunn, Mrs. Anthony Franto, Mrs. Louis Persino, Mrs, Ed. ward Callan, Mrs. Bernard Sifernao, Mrs. James Water, Mrs. Harry Ste- venS, Mrs. William Rooney. Mrs, M. J. Malia, Mrs. William Moore,
 Mrs. William Heany, Mrs. Jame