davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1941-12-12
Army Call Goes Out
For 10000 Nurses
For Expanding Force,
Red Cross Chapters
To Aid Candidates in
ReIoyine Applications

More than 10000 nurses are
needed for the Army, the War De-
partment announced yesterday.
In issuing a call for both regular
Army nurses and reserve nurses,
Maj. Gen. James c. Magee, sur
geon general of the Army, said:
The estimated requirements for
nurses in the Army for the next
fiscal years called for a total in
crease of some $500 nurses for the
professional care of the expanded
Army under ordinary service con-
ditions.
"But now that war has become
grim reality the need Of the
armed forces cannot fail to be-
come more accute.
In the last war over 21,000 gall
liant women joined the Army Nurse
Corps in defense of their ideals
and their country. The crucial need
which they so heroically served
has been recreated by the brutal
assault committed by Japan against
the Nation Sunday"
The requirements for both regu-
lar Army and reserve nurses were
made public in detail. Local chap
ters of the American Red Cross,
it was announced, will aid candi-
dates in obtaining applications and
forwarding them to the proper au-
thorities.
Evening star., 1941-12-12
Blind British Worker
Digging for Victory

Deaf, dumb and blind, George
Adams of Worthington, England, is
digging for victory" Until he was
evacuated from his London home he
never had handled spade, and he
still does not know what a vege-
table looks like.
His wife aids his gardening by do
Ing the deaf and dumb language on
his hands. He feels his way round
his plot, using strings and stones
as guides, and is becoming proficient
Evening star., 1941-12-12
Italian Embassy
Staff Stocks Up
With Vitomins

Members of the italian EN-
bassy staff apparently are con-
vinced difficult days, demanding
every ounce of vitality, are
ahead for them. They are stock
ing up on vitamin pills.
Newspaper reporters keeping
a watch at the Embassy noticed
that a colored delivery boy from
a neighboring drug store was
making repeated trips to the
building with packages. They
questioned him.
The youth identified himself
as Benjamin Franklin Freeman,
20, and said his burdens con-
sisted Of boxes Of vitamin pills"
Evening star., 1941-12-12
Ernest T. Weir, 66,
Takes N. Y. Bride, Is
BY the Associated Press.

BALTIMORE, Dec. 11.-Ernest T.
Weir. 66, Of Pittsburgh, chairman
of the board Of the National Steel
Corp, and Mary E. Hayward, Is. OF
New York, were married here yes
terday.
The ceremony was performed by
the Rev. DR.. Walter M. Haushalter
pastor Of the Christian Temple.
The couple, both of whom had
been married previously, planned to
leave this afternoon for Florida and
Havana.
Evening star., 1941-12-12
President Renominutes
Johnson to |. c. 6.

BY the Associated Press.
President Roosevelt yesterday
nominated John Monroe johnson of
South Carolina for reappointment
to the Interstate Commerce Com
mission for term expiring Decem-
ber 81, 1948.
Evening star., 1941-12-12
More Economic News

Newspapers of Barcelona, Spain
have started printing more financial
and economic news than had been
the custom since the beginning OF
Spain's civil war.
Evening star., 1941-08-21
By DEWITT MACKENZIE.

Persons trying to figure out the
probable duration of the Euro
pean war land who isn't?) must
find special interest in President
Roosevelts assertion that the
conflict will continue through
1943, if necessary, and that
Britain and the United States
will make a survey of needs and
production through that year.
The President, of course,
wasn't in any way forecasting
the length of the war. However,
we are justified in concluding
that he and British Premier
Churchill believe it may be a
protracted one, for if it goes
through 1943 1t will be more than
four years old-and that's a
mighty long time when you're
talking about mechanical hell.
There's a far reach, though,
between four years and the esti-
mate of Virginio Gayda, Fascist
editor who frequently voices
Mussolini's views. In discussing
the Roosevelt Churchill war aim
of final destruction of Nazi
tyranny" Signor Gayda declares
that "if the proposal were main
tained the World War would
have to last 10 years or longer
Economic Factors Important.
It's possible the war might run
10 yearS-or 40. But that's not
the probability, according to the
figures in my books. War isn't
merely a question of marching
men who are willing to die, and
big guns. When the smoke of
battle begins to lift, the eco
nomic fellows get their innings
in the matter of the resources of
the belligerents.
Signor Gayda is a keen analyst
when he wants to be-and I'd
bet all of silver sixpence that
he believes in his heart the Axis
isn't likely to win at all, unless
it's able to break through the
British blockade to fresh supplies
supplies not only for itself but
for the whole of Europe. I've
raised that point in this column
numerous times before, but It's
worth repeating because Britain
is placing its main reliance on
that blockade to win the war.
Europe is far from self-con-
tanned. 1t can't carry on in
definitely without access to
outside supplies. 1t can't even
feed itself and wage war at the
same time.
Despite Herr Hitler's best ef-
forts to crack the blockade-and
he came close to success at one
Evening star., 1941-08-21
Time to Use Power
Eliot Sees Moment as Propitious for u S.
To Still Jopon's Constont Threut

fronts, some in reserve 50 against
emergency. These reserves can
hardly be much reduced without in
viting the said emergency.
Air Force Not Respected.
The Japanese Air Force, Army
and Navy, have never been highly
esteemed by Western observers.
They have never fought against air
opposition. They are probably out
numbered by the Russians in the
north, they are certainly outnum-
bered by the British Dutch -Ameri-
can combination in the south; and
this without including the terrific
air striking power of the United |
States Fleet.
The Japanese Navy is superior to
the naval forces of the other powers
now in the Far East, but sharply in
ferior, beginning with its aviation, |
to the total American and other |
naval forces in the Pacific area. |
Economically and financially, |
Japan is fully extended, her reserves .
close to exhaustion, with little in
deed to draw upon for fresh emer-
gency. 1t is hardly possible to
imagine that her rulers can hope
for a moment to sustain the shock
of war on three widely separated
fronts-Thailand, China and Man
chukuo-against vastly superior
forces, against air superiority, with
her lines of communication hazard
Gus and with the problem Of ex-
ternal blockade to deal with as well.
Their hopes are rather that their
opponents will not know how to use
the force they possess, or will not
be able to act together, or will await
Japanese moves rather than making
moves of their own to reclaim the
priceless advantage of the initiative.
Time May Aid Japan. !
Time is On Japan's side. Time
may bring German victories in
Russia which will reduce Russia's
power to act in the Far East or
even destroy it. Time may at long
last cut away the resisting powers
Of the Chinese. Time may compel
Anglo American forces to move
toward other objectives. But now,
as things stand, while Russia fights
vigorously, and must, in her own
interests, help those from whom she
expects help; while the Chinese
armies are still in the field; while
the United States is still able to
act in the Pacific without imperil-
ing too greatly its Atlantic COM
mitments; while the Middle East
Is quiet-now is assuredly the mo-
ment of opportunity for Japans
opponents, if they know how to use
power, if they can act together and
with a sense of timing, if the chief
of them, the people of the United
States, can learn that power must
not only be possessed, but used if 1t
is to serve the purposes for which
it is created.
(Copyright 1g41, New York Tribune. Inc)
Evening star., 1941-08-21

but production had not started.
The German Army was then in
full growth. Conscripted soldiers
were trained in wooden tanks,
cardboard airplanes and dummy
guns-just as so many Amerl-
can soldiers are being trained
today. They had classes to teach
recruits the intricacieS of the
planned new weapons. Then
they were shown how the weapon
would work in practice on the
dummy. 1t was only during the
three years preceding the war
that the German Army was pro-
vided with modern arms and the
results shown since 1889 indicate
that the soldiers had not wasted
their time training with make
believe weapons.
Germans Understand Discipline.
But what the Germans have
understood better than we ap-
pear to understand today Is the
fact that the backbone of any
army is strict discipline.
Their officer corps was formed
of young men fully aware of their
mission. The generals did not
bother about whether their ac-
tions would please the rank ard
file. And they were able to mold
out of a nation which had seen
more hardship than any other in
Europe the army we see today.
The situation is different here
The selectees are treated with
kid gloves, so much so that they
themselves are sick of 1t. Top
sergeants-the backbone of any
arny-in some cases dare not be
tough, for fear of getting into
trouble with the higher-ups.
There is a permanent misunder-
standing between the professional
ofhcer-either from West Point
or from the ranks-and the citi-
zen officer from the National
Guard.
Evening star., 1941-08-21
How Long Will the War Last?
Churehill-RooseveIt View and Goydos
Compared; Economic Factors AnoIyzed

time early this year-the con-
tinent has been slipping further
into the slough. Quite apart from
war essentials such as Oil, there
is actual hunger in many coun-
tries.
The chief leak in the British
blockade was via Siberia ard
across Russia to Germany. The
Soviet itself also provided Hitler
with considerable amounts of
wheat, oil and other necessities.
With the invasion of Russia,
however, the Fuehrer in effect
fortified the British blockade at
its weakest point, and at the
same time erected a further bar
rier against himself by cutting
off Soviet supplies. He undoubt-
edly hoped to secure necessities
by lightning conquest, but ex-
pectations of speedy relief have
receded because of the fierce
Russian resistance.
Hitler may still sweep through
the rich Ukraine and on into the
oil fields of the Caucasus. His
war machine is forging ahead,
as is recorded in today's reports
from the Russian theater. Still,
instead of a quick victory and
filled storehouses, he appeared to
be headed for a war of attrition,
which will further deplete his
present supplies.
Halifax Summation Cited.
British Ambassador Lord Hall
fax summed the position up
rather succinctly when he de-
clared that oil, copper and crude
rubber are the trump cards in the
hands Of freedom. He pointed
out that America and Britain to-
gether control some 10 per cent
of the worlds supply of crude
rubber.
Hitlers drive against Russia is
terrific drain on all these essen
tials, especially oil. Don't forget
that oil Is necessary not only to
keep the mechanical equipment
of war running, but the factories
which produce the equipment.
All industry must halt if there is
no oil.
Germany still possesses sinews
Of war, but she mas gained much
at the expense of other countries.
The continent is on the down.
grade and slipping fast. Ger
many cannot exist as an island
in the midst of sea of hunger
and privation.
There won't be any 10-year
war unless Hitler breaks through
to great new sources of supplies,
and he must move fast, for the
Allies are gaining strength
hourly.
Evening star., 1941-08-21

ternational relations. We would do
we'll to apply our attention to the
lessons of the past five years.
In particular, let us take the case
of Japan. In Hitler's plans, Japan
plays the part on the world stage
which was earlier assigned to Italy
on the European stage. Risking
little, she keeps powerful forces in
check, in idleness, by merely being
there and talking nastily. Always
there is the threat that she may
act if opportunity be afforded; oc-
casionally she does act when the
omens seem propitious. Hitler,
dreading more than anything else
an outright commitment to war by
the United States, finds it useful to
keep us looking over our shoulder
as we seek to face the problems he
sets us in the Atlantic. From our
point of view, the freedom of action
which we should gain were this Jap
anese nuisance abated once and for
all would be invaluable.
Controls Tenuous.
There is also to be considered,
of course, the Japanese point of
view, not necessarily identical with
that of Berlin. The controls from
Berlin over Rome have not always
proved reliable, though they are
probably much more so now than
they used to be, The controls from
Berlin over Toxic are far more tenu-
Gus and delicate. Toxic has eXhib-
tied a desire to be shown at every
step, and what decisions are taken
there now will be taken in the light
of existing conditions and of actual
Japanese interests as seen by the
leaders in charge of japanese pol
icy.
Viewed in that way, the present
situation is not favorable to Japan
Indeed, it is highly unfavorable
Always presuming that those op-
posed to further japanese expan-
sion are determined to act as Japan
would act in their places, and can
act together at we'll selected mo-
ment, the Japanese position might
well be described as desperate.
The japanese Army is engaged
in an attempt, so far not only un-
successful but unproductive of any
economic gain, to conquer China.
OF its Sc divisions, about 80 are now
In China, some of them on active
Evening star., 1941-08-21

sufficient technical equipment,
and the morale and discipline of
the armed services. Of the two
the latter is in many instances a
more important factor. In a
Nation as fortunate as ours pro-
duction of the equipment is not
difficult. Within less than year
American industry has been
turning out a satisfactory guam
tity of war material, and if it
were not for the heavy demands
of Great Britain more than 80
per cent Of the needs of the
American Army already would
have been satisfied. Within the
next II months there is little
question that more than 100000
soldiers will have all that is
necessary to defend the country.
Evening star., 1941-08-21
By CONSTANTINE BROWN.

That the new American Army
lacks war material is only ma
tural. The United States has to
supply besides 100000 soldiers
of its own, some 100000 British
troops ard, we hope in the near
future, several million Russians.
Much war equipment is being de-
livered to England, and in recent
weeks more than the usual Brit
ish quota of our production has
been sent to the Middle East
where the British are contem-
plating a campaign to unite with
the Russians.
But the Germans know better
than we do from their own ex-
perience, that an army can be
trained without regular equip
ment.
Between 1888 and 1886 the
Germans had no tanks, heavy
artillery, or military planes. The
factories had the blue prints
Evening star., 1941-08-21
This Changing World
Building Of Morale and Discipline Appears
Harder Task for U. S. Than Getting Arms

There are too many instances
which show that American Off
GERS do not bother about the dig
nifty of their rank. There are
many officers who believe that
strict discipline is just foolish
ness. They attempt to run their
units in the same loose manner
they would handle an Office force.
Fraternizing between privates
and officers is considered natu-
raj thing by many commissioned
men. Last week in Fredericks-
burg this writer saw three Of
flcers in a beer parlor, drinking
at the same table with privates.
1t is likely that they came from
the same town and in civilian
life they may have been associ-
ates. But these officers did not
seem to realize that army dis
cipline makes it mandatory that
personal relations such as those
which existed at home in time
of peace should be severed in
times like these. Some officers
lower the dignity of their rank
by hitch-hiking. On U. S. Route
IT, between Port Royal and
Washington, this writer was
"thumbed" by no less than six
officers. Officers set a poor ex-
ample to privates when they beg
for rides.
France Proved Point.
Strict discipline may appear to
be stupid, but many things which
are natural in civilian life are not
compatible with military life.
This was eloquently proven in
France where the officers had
been instructed by the war de-
partment over a 10-year period
to baby" their men. The soldiers
lack of confidence in their off,
GERS and the Slackness of the
French army contributed as much
to the French disaster as the lack
of proper and sufficient weapons.
There are two fundamentals in
the organization of adequate ma
tional defense: The existence of
Evening star., 1941-08-21
Three Fires Break Out
In Belfast Factory Area

BY the Associated Press.
BELFAST, Northern Ireland, Aug.
21.-Three fires broke out almost
simultaneously last night in the Bel
fast Falls road industrial section.
All we're extinguished before mid
night, but flames ate through two
factories, the Ross Spinning Mill and
the British Rayon Silk Corp. The
third blaze was at the Northern
Spinning Corp.
There was no omctal announce
ment On the origin Of the dres.
Evening star., 1941-08-21
Talk Hurt Army Morale,
Gen. Marshall Asserts
Ry the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
DENVER, Aug. 21.-Gen. George
C. Marshall, Army Chief of staff,
says that Army morale, "far more
important than the character of its
equipment" was excellent until
people began to talk about 1t.
"Since then, morale has been af-
fected," he declared in an inter-
view. "It depends in large measure
on the morale of the people behind
the Army-on their unity of pur-
pose"
Arriving by air from Washington
yesterday with Secretary of War
Stimson, Gen. Marshall was asked
Evening star., 1941-08-21

If the Armys decision to release
selectees after they serve 18 months,
despite the newly-approved 30
month time limit, was caused by
public discussion Of morale.
He answered, simply, The action
was in accord with plans of the War
Department"
Evening star., 1941-08-21

ing has been the
attitude of gov
ernments which
have encouraged
their citizens to
violate contracts.
Thus today
the Government
of the United
States stands in
the position of
urging an Amer
lean shipbuild-
ing company to
ignore a con-
tract ratified by
Evening star., 1941-08-21

causes Tor our
present indeci-
sion and confu-
sion is that we
do not under
stand how to use
force ourselves.
We possess great
power, both i'm
mediate and po-
tential, yet we
nave given very
little thought to
the uses of that
power as an in
Evening star., 1941-08-21

That's tnele-
CANT language,
but I feel inele-
CANT.
Thanks to him
I am in such
shape that not
even a quack
v e t erin arian
would acc pit
me as a patient
in his small ami
NAL hospital.
The chances
are I'll leave
Norfolk in the
Evening star., 1941-08-21
jopon Bors Gasoline
From Tuxis and Buses
Hs the AsSnciated PresS

OJ tlIt hSSUC4dItu FItSS.
TOXIC, Aug. 2l.-Gasoline will
not be distributed to taxis or buses
beginning September / and those
vehicles must operate on natural gas
or charcoal, it was announced today.
A limited amount of gasoline will
be permitted to truck operators.
Evening star., 1941-08-21
McLemore-
Gets Too Big q Dose
Of Tunney's Program
By HENRY McLEMORE.

NORFOLK, Va.-If I ever catch
Gene Tunney off guard. with his
dukes down. I'm going to belt him
right on the kisser.
Evening star., 1941-08-21
By MAI. GEORGE FIELDING
ELIOT,

Force is the determining factor in
the world in which we live. 1t is
the arbiter of the future, of the
destiny of peoples. One of the chief
Evening star., 1941-08-21
Broken Faith
Seen in Case
OF Shipyord
Government Held
Forcing Firm to
Ignore Contract
By DAVID LAWRENCE.

The world has witnessed a break
down of morality through the re-
fusal of nations to honor their writ
ten treaties, but far more devaStat-
Evening star., 1941-08-21

CHE opinions the urers this page their not
necessarily The Stars Such opinions are presented in The
effort to gUe all sides of questions OF interest to its
readers although opinions may contradictory among
themselves and directly opposed to The Stars
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1941-04-23
American Army Officials Aid
in Maneuyers in Philippines

munitions. trucks, scout cars and
other equipment.
Chief pride OF the U. S. Army in
the Philippines is that every Amer
lean soldier is equipped with the
new Garand automatic rifle, and
Army officials recently revealed a
a tremendous increase in combat
group firepower which would meet
any expeditionary force attempting
to land in the Philippines.
The U. s. Army took an unprece-
dented step when II recently asked
for $500 volunteer Philippine Army
reservists to join the Philippine
Scouts-Filipino unit of the U. S.
Army-for one year OF active train
ing. Within three weeks the $500
men had been selected and enrolled
and now are engaged in intensive
instruction under U. S. Army Off
GERS. This group almost doubled
the present strength Of the Scouts
who are American-otficered.
Air Strength Increased
The u. S. Army has settled down
to the grim task OF preparing the
Philippines for war. Ten dive-bomb-
ers originally consigned to Thai
land but held here by order OF the
State Department, were taken over
after five months OF delay. The dive
bombers enormously increased the
Army's air strength in the Philip
pines.
Army officers have received or
ders that all Army wives and de-
pendents must be evacuated from
the Philippines by July /, and the
hundreds otsnew officers and re-
serve officers who arrived here In
the past few months were not per-
mitted TO bring their families with
them. With the families evacuated,
the Army has ordered full concen-
tration on defense activities and
training.
The two chief units strengthened
by the recent officer arrivals were
the coast artillery and the air force.
1t was understood that numerous
heavy guns arrived here recently.
Despite the increased supplies
routed to the Philippines the past
few months, Commonwealth Off
ciais still are seeking means OF OBJ
tanning weapons and munitions for
the Philippine army with most OF
their hopes based on the belief that
Congress ultimately will authorize
use OF $4,000, 900 now due the com
monwealth in sugar excise rebates
and gold revaluation payments for
defense purposes.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1941-04-23

Manila, APR. 23-UP-The Philip
pine Army has engaged in its first
islsnds-wide mobilization and ma
neuvers In two years with 30 spe-
cially detailed U. S. Army officers
assisting In the Today training.
Other groups OF American Off
GERS we're scattered throughout the
islands acting as observers and TAX
ing notes on weakness and strength
OF the trained Philippine Army re-
serve in anticipation OF the time
when they would take over active
command and direction OF the $780,
000-man Philippine Army in event
of Pacific war. Msior-Gen. George
Grunert, commander of the Philip
pine department. U. S. Army. also
OBJ the maneuvers.
Approximately $4,000 participat-
ed in the maneuvers this year,
undergoing the most intensive in
struction and training possible IN
the brief period, with the emphasis
placed on repelling landing parties,
use OF civilian transport and con-
centration at given points with the
maximum speed.
Activity At Peak
The Philippines have become a
network Of army activity the past
few months compared to the years
between 1886 and 1889 when the
U. S. Army concentrated on keep
ing up superficial strength with a.
little expenditure as possible In
view Of the scheduled independence
of the commonwealth in 1916. The
crisis In the Pacific changed that.
however, and now the army is rush
ing efforts to make up for lost
time.
Every army and navy transport
reaching the Philippines the past
few months has been loaded with
manpower plus quantities OF war
material, including light artillery.
The Ypsilanti daily press. (Ypsilanti, Mich.) 1928-1962, 1941-04-23
TAKES DEER CENSUS

Lansing. Mich. Apr. 23-UP -
The state department OF conserya-
ton has determined the deer popu-
lation OF the state. as OF Jan. l..
at 1913 deer per square mile. The
figure was reached after six deer
drives, In which IT'S men stationed
around a mile-square area eouet
deer as heaters drive them from the
woods and underbrush.