davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Imperial Valley press., 1941-01-22
by Willis Thornton
The j. 5. War That Was Not a War

who had been pushed around anu
very badly treated in France. Il
will never send another minister 10
France" he said, without aSsur-
ances that he will be received, re-
spected, and honored as the repre-
sentative OF a free, powerful ana
independent nation
French naval ships seized Am
erican vessels carrying supplies to
England, which was at war with
France. American indignation
mounted, and frantic prepared
ness campaign was launched. Three
ffigates and 80 smaller vessels were
built, and ordered to protect Am
erican commerce, even if that I'M
piled fighting with French ships.
An army was hastily improvised,
and Washington was recalled from
retirement to command it.
In little more than two years,
"a French ships were captured,
mostly privateers, in sea fights to
protect American commerce. Yet
neither country formally declared
war on the other. In 1900 treaty
accepted by both nations put an
end to the controversy.
Was it a war? Historians have not
yet decided.
Has President Roosevelts careful
study of this period convinced him
that there would be nothing new,
nothing without precedent, in
decision to protect American ships
sailing to a belligerent country? 1t
was done in 1899, and done without
formal war resulting.
Could it be done again? And is
the possibility now revolving in the
mind of the president?
Imperial Valley press., 1941-01-22

When do we act?' Cummings had
to call time out while the regular
company got over a case of hyStcr-
les.
Coaches and instructors at the
studio have been highly compli-
mented because they have succeed
cd in teaching the models to sing
4 little song and to do little
walking routine during one of the
musical numbers. It's said around
the set that in case any of the girls
should demonstrat2 talent for
acting, they've been given seven
year contracts-wi 24-hour op-
tions.
Chorus girls, showgirls and mo-
dels were eclipsed by the entrance
of Carmen Miranda in q dark red
ST. r1inboW turban and hunk
= <.-CIl2c iewelry which may
have come from an Aztec tomb. The
Brazilian singer, who is merely the
star of the picture, didn't look bor-
ed, nor did she look into any mir
rorS. When Miss Miranda grins at
you, even from clear across
shadowy set, the effect is some
thing like being picked out by a
Searchlight.
NO EXTRA
STIMULANTS
Her mother, a small bright-eyed
little woman, was with her this
time, and 1 asked if she knew
where Carmen gets all her vitality,
and was she always like this? She
said her daughter was just born
high-spiritcd. because even when
Carmen was a baby she was all
over the place and into everything
and making always the song and
the game, and that she seemed ne
vcr to sleep.
Imperial Valley press., 1941-01-22

Many people arc disturbed today
by the fact that the present posi-
ton of the United States in rela-
ion to the war in Europe is nei-
ther traditional neutrality nor war.
II is described as mon -belliger-
ency," armed, neutrality" not
war" and other phrases, and we
think of it as somethingutterly
strangc and without precedent,
That is because we incline to
think of todayS situation in terms
Of the World War. If we would go
back again q little farther in Am
crican history, we would recall that
there was a period 1798- 300 when
the United States did not know
whether or not it was at war. War
was never formally declared, but it
had lot Of similarity to war when
the new American frigate, Constel-
lation, was savagely fighting and
capturing the French Ship-o -of-war
LInsurgente off the island of Ne
Wis in the West indies.
Historians usually refer to this
as The Quasi War With France" "
The Latin term means Just about,
but not quite" a war.
1t is interesting to reflect that
President Roosevelt is especially
well informed on this period of AM
crican history, and was instrument
tai few years ago in having pub
lished an absorbing collection of
papers relating to it, Here is how
the United States once fought in
what was almost like, but never
formally, war:
Relations with France had been
unsatisfactory and President Adams
called home American diplOmatS
Imperial Valley press., 1941-01-22
by Bruce Cation ;.
The Inside Track in WASHINGTON

strike rather than accept a set
tlement they don't want. But things
are handled 50 that railroad la
Dor strike is an extremely rare
thing. And through it all the
trains keep running.
Somewhere in there there may be
an idea or two for the defense
program.
Imperial Valley press., 1941-01-22
So They Say

The softeSt place in England to-
day is in the British army. The
civilians are getting the worst of it
DR.. Philip d. Wilson, Columbia
University surgeon professor, just
returned from England.
Undergraduates Of today arr
seemingly tougher III their thinking
and certainly less sentimental than
were their older brothers
Rev Dr.. Remsen B. Ogilby, presi-
dent Trinity College.
One of the surest facts of the
social science is that the pow
er to tax is the power to destroy
but half of our citizens think that
this is false.
DIR. E. L. Thorndike in the N. Y.
Sun.
How proud we are of America,
where we are in the citadel OF
freedom and still enjoy liberty of
speech, press and religion.
MAJOR EDWARD BlyInln OF CleVC-
land, himself foreign born, to q
group of foreign-born citizens.
1t would be impossible for the
heart of an empire to be placed
where its beating could be inter-
fered with. The Empire would never
move to Canada. 1t would disappear
first.
Bernard K. SandWell, Canadian
editor.
Surely the Firms have proved
their good faith.
-Vaino Kotilainen, Finnish Min
ister of Supply, appealing for food
shipments.
Imperial Valley press., 1941-01-22

WASHINGTON, Jan. 22.-Some
day soon it is going to occur to
Congress or the administration that
the railway labor act offers a fine
blueprint for keeping strikes from
interrupting the defense program.
Under this act as amended in
1884, the National Mediation Board
has been quietly but effectively
helping railroad management and
rail 'oad labor compose all of their
differences around the conference
table. Since 1884 there have been
but two railroad strikes-neither on
a major trunk line-and two minor
work stopages involving compara-
lively few people. More than 1000
labor agreements have been filed
with the board and upward of $50
disputes have been mediated
In this one field, at least, there
has been evolved system for
keeping the industrial peace which
is fair to both sides, does not rest
upon coercion or restriction and
enables the industry to keep on
working while its labor problems
are being ironed out.
The whole set-up is fairly simple.
The railroad labor act directs the
board. to dispose of labor disputes
by acting on these four PRINCIPLES.
Avoiding any interruption to COM
merce; forbidding any limitation
on the workers right to join or
form labor union; providing for
complete independence of b h
workers and carriers in the matter
of self Organization to carry out
the purposes of the act; and pro-
viding for prompt settlement of all
diSDiIfps
Imperial Valley press., 1941-01-22
DISPUTE MAY GO
TO PRESIDENT

The board may intervene. where
there is disagreement over the
union which is to represent the
employees. Usual course is TO hold
an election and let the majority
decide
When a union and railroad are
negotiating contract and can't
agree, the board may intervene and
offer it's services as mediator
In most cases. this eventually brings
about an agreement If mediation
fails, the board may then offer its
services as arbitrator.
Neither side is compelled to ac-
cept arbitration, and if arbitration
is turned down the board steps out
of the case and the workers are
free to strike-after a delay of 30
days If a strike is voted. and
the board feels it would substan-
TALLY interrupt interstate commerce,
the board may then notify the
President to that effect. The Presi-
dent can then appoint an emer-
gency board to study the whole
affair and make a report.
AN IDEA FOR
DEFENSE PROGRAM?
Here again, there is no coercion
except for the provisio that there
can be no strike or lockout for
another 30-day period. The emer-
gency board can't force anything
on anyone. It's sole power is to
make report on the facts. But
the theory is that such a report,
setting forth the facts and indicat-
ing which side was more to blame
for the trouble. given full publi-
city by the White House, would
sway public opinion so effectively
that there would be a peaceful
settlement. so far it has worked
that way.
That in brief, is the way labor
peace is kept in the transportation
industry. The employees keep their
right 10 strike; the employers keep
the corresponding right, TO stand
Imperial Valley press., 1941-01-22

EDITORS NOTE: The following
editorials are presented as interesting
opinions Uoiced by editors elsewhere.
They do not necessarily reflect the
opinion of this paper.
Imperial Valley press., 1941-01-22
Famous Sayings

Pride defeats its own end by bringing the man who
seeks esteem and reverence into contempt.-Bolng-
broke.
Imperial Valley press., 1941-01-22
Barbs

The New Order In Europe looks
to us like The New Disorder.
You never hear straight talk
in a crooked deal.
Imperial Valley press., 1941-01-22
Thoughts for the Day

Pride goeth before destruction and naughty spirit
before fal-Froverbs 1918
Imperial Valley press., 1941-01-22

Bases of public street clocks in
Berlin contain an ambulance COM
partment in which first aid sup
plies are kept.
Imperial Valley press., 1941-01-22

There are 14,543 miles of rail
ways in the Union of South Africa
Imperial Valley press., 1941-01-22
MEMBER

American Newspaper Pub
fishers Association. National
Editorial Association. Cali
fornia Newspaper Publish
ers Association.
Imperial Valley press., 1941-01-22
Did You Know?

William Jennings Bryan was
known as The Commoner'.
One tree can make million
matches. but one match can de-
stroy a million trees.
Approximately 10000 umbrellas
are turned in at the lost property
office in London annually during
normal times.
Nearly 33 years more of life can
be expected by the average English
woman of 40
Three-fourthS of the elk popu-
latiOn of the United States is in
and around Yellowstone National
Park.
There are approximately $4,000,
600 telephones in use in the world
today.
In some sections of northern
Africa, date seeds, or stones, are
roasted and used as substitute for
coffee.
Imperial Valley press., 1941-01-22

William Jennings Bryan W;
known as The Commoner'
The Waterbury Democrat., 1941-07-03
More Local Draftees
 Called For July 16
TWenty-Fiye Will Be in Lot That Is Summoned for
 That Date-Ten Local Men Left This s$ Morning at 7:55

Twenty-Five Waterbury draftees will be called for induction into the United States Army on July 18th, 1t was learned today, in an- swer to Call 16.
 Of this number Board 15A will be asked to provide IA; Board 15H will send g; and Boards 16A and 16B, 1 each. The distribution may be subjected to later change, but the figures as released today are ex- pected to be final.
 Lists of the names of the draftees are in preparation, and those scheduled to leave will be notified by mail within a few days.
 Because of the area encompassec by Board 15A, and the greater number of registrants in that board 8 larger number of men have beer drafted from 15A than from the other three.
 10 Left This Morning
 Ten Waterbury men left for tht army induction center at Hartfort at T:55 o'clock this morning. Int group, ofiicially designated as Cal IA, will be sent on to Fort Devn! after physical examination in thu state capitol.
 Mayor Vincent A. Scully was or hand, and addressed the draftees Francis w. Orencole, chairman O
 (Continued on Page D
The Waterbury Democrat., 1941-07-03
Deputy Sheriff Is Killed By Striking Dairy Farmers

ated by Sanford Derrick who was assaulted yesterday as he attempted to deliver milk at the Sheffield Co., operative Creamery in the first out break of violence in the three-day milk holiday of the Dairy Farmers Union.
 Derrick had requested protection after pickets overturned dozen cans of milk. He suffered minor hurts in yesterdays scuffle.
 More than 150 members of the Dairymen's League Cooperative As sociation voted, 2-l, last night against joining the holiday of the farmers union, whose 23,00O mem bers in New York, Pennsylvania and Vermont seek an increase to s oi the year-around price for 47 quarts of milk.
 State Attorney John P. Conley was notified by Sweet of RusseA's death and was expected to conduct a personal investigation. Names oi fthe tour men were withheld.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1941-07-03

Harpswell, Me, July @(UP)- Authorities investigated today pos abilities that there were only 35 instead of 37 persons abroad the |ill~fated Don and that one man may have survived the sinking of the cabin cruiser in Casco Bay.
 Harry simmons of Bailey Island reported last night that he had found a preserve jar containing a note floating near his cottage.
 The pencilled note, scrubbed on wrapping paper, was signed "Jack'' and read:
 I am on an island. Hurt" Still listed as missing among those who sailed Sunday for clambake on A5onhegan Island and never re turned alive was Jack Kersey, A Rumford jeweler. The body of his wife has been recovered. TTnough officials feared the note
The Waterbury Democrat., 1941-07-03
BOROUGH COURT
 CLERK RESIGNS
Rep. Thomas Jackson, Ap= pointed Tuesday, Refuses
 to Reconsider Action

Naugatuck, July 3.-Rep. Thomas Jackson, today resigned as clerk of the borough court, to which position he had been appointed by Judge Martin L. Caine Tuesday. MT. Jack son issued a statement in which he saidff 'After careful considera- tion I find that will be unable to give to the office the time it re- quires without serious interfering wh other interests which I have, and I therefore tender my resigna- ton. I wish to express my thanks to the judge for the honor he con- ferred upon me by appointing me"
 Judge Caine asked Rep. Jackson if he would not reconsider the ac: ton and when the latter replied ir the negative, the judge said he wa: very sorry. He then accepted the resignation and announced he would fill the vacancy as soon as pos sible.
 The resignation was totally unex- pected here and there was mucf speculation today as to who woulc be named to the important office.
 MT. Jackson, second ward Demo crat, had succeeded Walter A. Nor wash, Republican. It was the first time he had been named to 8 bor- ough court position. He was elect ed representative to the sate legis- lature last November. which post he still holds.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1941-07-03

was a cruel hoax, they said all the hundreds of islands in Caso Bay would be searched on the remote possibility the message was from KerSey.
 When the passenger list of 37 was pieced together, it contained the names of the "De Angelis brothers" :" but police reported last night they had been unable to find anybody that knew them.
 Federal and state authorities launched a two-pronged inquiry into New England's worst marine tragedy since 1925 as medical-examiner Earle Richardson of Brunswick re- ported none of 10 bodies he had examined bore burns.
 Marks that first were attributed to burns were described by pr Richardson as due to -sea crawling which. ha said came from action oi
The Waterbury Democrat., 1941-07-03
PRESIDENT GIVES
 ADDRESS FRIDAY
Will Speak Upon Foreign Affairs at 5 P. M. (EDT)
 Tomorrow

Hyde Park, N. r., July 3-(UP)- President Roosevelt disclosed today that his Independence Day address Friday will deal with foreign affairs and the relation of Americas free dom to the war raging across the seas.
 The president speaks at 5 p. m. (EDT) tomorrow from the Frank lin D. Roosevelt Library here. He will be seated at the Woodrow Will son desk In the library'S presidential room-a desk at which President Wilson worked in drafting the League of Nation covenant.
 Before announcing plans for the speech, MT. Roosevelt signed the commission of Harlan Fiske Stone as Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court, succeeding Charles Evans Hughes who retired July 1. Stone is vacationing in Estes Park, Colo, and may take the oath of office there.
 (Continued on Page 4)
The Waterbury Democrat., 1941-07-03

Vergennes, Vt, July S-(UP) - Deputy Sheriff Ray Russell, about 40, of Monkton was killed today when allegedly dragged from truck that attempted to run gauntlet of strik- ing dairy farmers.
 Sheriff Ralph c. Sweet of Addison County said he had seized four men including two brothers for question: ing in connection with Russells death.
 He said the incident occurred on the road from Waltharn to Vergen- mes.
 Russell, he said, had clambered aboard the loaded milk truck short ly before 1t started to move through the picket line.
 Sweet said Russell was pulled from the running board of the truck and slipped beneath the rear wheels. He died at 6 funeral parloH where he was taken for emergency treatment.
 The truck. police said. was cper-
The Waterbury Democrat., 1941-07-03
ARMY CHIEF OF STAFF POINTS DANGER AHEAD Would Hold All SeleCtees, National Guardsmen Be-
 yond Year Period HE WARNED DANGER
 HAS BEEN INCREASED Eventual U. s. Army May Reach Great Number of
 5000, ,OOO Men
Washington, July 3.-(UP)

Washington, July 3.-UP) General George c. Mar shall, chief of staff, urged to- day that Congress immedi- ately pass legislation to per- init the use of armed forces outside the Western ,Hemis- phere. He also asked for authority to hold selectees, National Guardsmen and Re serve Officers beyond the one year period.
 Marshall said this action is neces- sary to protect ourselves against the coldly calculated, secret ano sudden action that might be directed against us"
 The recommendations were made in Marshall's 23-page bi-annnal re- port to the Secretary of War Henry L. StimSon, on the status or the Army program.
 He warned that conditions have Eieteraorated to such an extent tnal d 'grave national emergency exists of a more severe character than the public believes.
 aAs this report is submitted the possibilities of year ago nave become dangerously near probabn- ities today, and 1t is vital to the security of the nation that the haz' ards of the present crisis be fully recognized" Marshall said. "Wha' has happened is history.
 Grave Concern
 "Of grave concern today are the contingencies of the present anc
 (Continued on Page 4)
The Waterbury Democrat., 1941-07-03
Only B Persons May Have Been On Board
 Fishing Boat When It Blew Up On Sunday

sea water on flesh.
 The "sea crawling he said, also indicated the bodies had been in the ocean at least "A hours.
 Coast Guard Lieut.. Thomas J. Sampson, however, still believed an explosion sank the 44-foot Don. The craft reportediy was equipped with 40 life preservers, but there were no preservers on any of the bodies recovered, indicating the tragedy occurred swiftly.
 Meanwhile, sorrowing citizens oi Rumford, home town of most of the victimsh decided to erect memorial shaft to the dead and set Sunday aside as a day of mourning. use oi fireworks during the Fourth O1 July holiday period also was ban ned.
 Thirteen bodies have been recOE- lered since Tuesday.
The Waterbury Democrat., 1941-07-03
DOCTOR JOSS CASE
 TO JURY TODAY
Conviction of Wife Murder Would Mean Mandatory
 Life Sentence
(NEA Radiophoto)

Bath, Me, July 3.-(UP)-The fate of Dr. Merrill Joss, charged with the staying of his physician wife because of love for another woman, probably will rest with a superior court jury late today. Con- viction would mean mandatory life imprisonment.
 Tn two days the defense had swept through testimony of 28 wit nesses including the 34-year- old de- fendant who denied emphatically and dramatically that he blud- geoned his 38-year-old wife Dr. Luverne Harris Joss in the cellar of their century-old Richmond mansion last March 27.
 Less than half the seats in the tiny courtroom were taken as the defense produced witnesses at the morning session to testify concern ing Dr. Merrill Joss character ano substantiate his contention that g bearded stranger could have committed the crime.
 i More Defense Witnesses
 State Sen. Neil Bishop of Bow doinham told of his acquaintance ship with the doctor during tht five years he had practiced in the Richmond area.
 Funeral Director Horance F. Sta. pies, who was summoned to arrangt the burial of the doctors slair | physician-wife, said the defendant seemed very much upset" during proceedings.
 "F5e (Dr. JoSS) was crying and hc kissed his dead wife's lips before (Continued on Page 4)
The Waterbury Democrat., 1941-07-03
Grain, Oils, Ores Must All Be Destroyed Before
  Advancing HOrdes  NOTHING EATABLE OR
 USABLE TO BE LEFT War of Destruction Must GO On; Germany Must
 Find Nothing
BY HENRY SHAPIRO

United Press Staff Correspondent
 Moscow, July 3. - (UP) = Josef Stalin admitted to the Russian people today that the Germans had made huge gains, warned them that they were fighting for their liberty and their lives and called on them to fight to the finish. Stalin said at the start Of a national radio speech, which was an extraordinary appeal for total warfare, that the Germans had captured Lithuania, a considerable part of Latvia, the western part ok White Russia and the western part of the Ukraine. He said that the Germans continued to advance. (The Russians referred to 6ovietized Poland as Western White Rl1ssin% and Western Ukraine".)
 But he said that the Russians already had smashed some Of tlle finest German divisions, that their main forces were only now coming into action and that the national resistance was just beginning to grow in strength.
 Stalin instructed the people t0 remove or destroy every animate or inanin1ate thing, every utensils every bit of grain or oil or ore. in the German path, to leave noth- ing eatable or useable, to fight india vidually and collectively with every weapon and by every means and to harass the Germans in occupied areas.
 Will Smash Maxi Machine He said that the Nad war machtna could and would be smashed, that the Russian peoples had the sym pathy of all the finest people Of Europe, American and Asia, irclud- ing the finest German people; tlaat l the Russians would have loyal allies in the peoples of Europe and Arner- ica; that this would be a united front against deSpotiSm, and he ex- pressed the country's gratitude for American and British pledges of aid.
 It was Stalin,s first radio speech l to the nation since the promulga- tion of the Russian constitution in 1886.
 His voice showed his deep eno- tion throughout.
 (The United Press listening sta- tion reported that during the Tass Agency broadcast in English of Stalin's speech, a radio station broadcaSting in German sought persistently to jam the transmits Sion.)
 Calling on the people to under- stand "the full immenSity e tnG danger that threatens our c0uyle try" Stalin said Russia was fighting cruel and implacable enemy who sis out to seize our lands, watered with our sweat, to seize our grain and oil, secured by our labor" This enemy, Stalin said in Q ra@ dio speech, not as premier but as chairman of the new emergency state committee of defense, wants to take away the land of the Rus sian people. and Germanize and enslave them.
 War of Destruction
 Then Stalin called on the l60,- 100000 men, women and children of the Soviet Union to fight wax of utter destruction.
 Continued on Page D
The Waterbury Democrat., 1941-07-03
BRITISH KEEP UP
 NIGHT SMASHES
Bremen Industrial Sectors
 Hammered; Nazis Report British Losses

London, July 3.-(UP)-The Roy al Air Force, following up night raids that caused large fires in the industrial sections of Bremen, Co., logne and Duisburg, smashed again at north France during daylight to- day and was authoritatively report ed to have shot down live German fighters.
 The RAF was said to have lost three fighters in the morning at- tack on invasion ports and enemy bomber bases.
 ''The attack on Bremen was par ticularly heavy" the ministry said
 Docks at Cherbourg and oil stor- age tanks at Rotterdam also were attacked. Considerable resistance by enemy fighters and anti-aircraft defenSes was encountered and sur mounted"
 It was announced that coasta. command planes had torpedoed supply ship of the French caost.
 Four bomberS were reported miSs- ing after the nights raids.
 For the first time since May 2S no bombs fell in any part of Bri- tain last night. A communique sa1c
 CContinued on Page 4)