davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1941-01-05

universities would be open to criti-
cism If they favored aliens at the
expense of United States citizens.
The University of Chicago and
Harvard have perhaps more emigre
professors than any other schools,
except for the University in Exile
and other divisions of the New
School number varies; DR.. johnson
reports that new ones came with
every boat"
Let's see how foreign faculty men,
bers and students are represented in
Washington's several colleges and
universities. We have already men
toned two Latin American students,
one at American University, the
other at Georgetown.
GeorgetoWn's registration statistics
aren't compiled yet. but the college
had 80 foreign students last year and
probably more this year Part of its
foreign enrolment comes from sons
of Embassy officials who are study
ing in the foreign service school, but
it also has students from France,
Belgium, Germany and from Can
ada, Latin America and the Philip
pines.
On its faculty Georgetown has
Edgar L. G. Prochnik, last Austrian
Minister TO the United States, who
lectures on diplomatic history and
procedure. and Goetz Briefs. pro-
fessor of labor economics. DR.. Briefs
was at one time In the German Min
istry of the Interior He has been in
the United States since 1884, when
he was a visiting professor at Cath
olic University.
Inversely comparable in one re-
Spect TO GeorgetoWn's foreign serv-
ice school is American Universitys
school of public affairs which has
become a center for foreign students
studying our Governments admin
lstrative practices.
A dozen Brazilian government en-
ployes are studying there, following
a policy of the Brazil government to
send a detachment of its workers
each year. Slams government has
sent T. K. Subhamatra. Others of
the 60-odd foreign students at Amer
ican University come from Europe
the Far East, South Africa and many
from Latin America.
Latest foreign student to reach
Washington is Georges Henri Martin
of Geneva. Switzerland. whose father
was editor of the Geneva Journal
His arrival was delayed by difficulties
OF travelling through unoccupied
France, Spain and Portugal
Among Martins foreign classmates
is A. T. Kartal. a native of Istanbul.
Turkey, who lived in London the
past five years and attended the
University of London. Since the
start of the war he was commentator
on B. B. c. news broadcasts directed
to the Near East. He left the
British capital in August to con-
tinue graduate work here.
Adviser for American UniverSitys
foreign students is Ernest Correl,
Evening star., 1941-01-05

of a established if inexplicable
doctrine, the sheer cussedness of
inanimate objects" the motorist will
usually find, when he gets to the
ferry slip, that the boat has just
pulled out and he has long wait
for the next one.
Thus it became obvious that it
would be good idea to have bridge
across the bay. There was much
discussion, verbal and editorial, and
even some opposition from farmers
and oystermen on the Eastern Shore
who, on account of the gap caused
by the bay, have developed trade
with Wilmington and Philadelphia.
Finally, nine years ago, Gov. Ritchie
appointed a commission to investi-
gate and report.
This commission went further, and
their report served as q basis for the
Maryland primary bridge program
later organized under Gov. Nice, In
Evening star., 1941-01-05

pointed out that Washington is
practically within the State of
Maryland; that Il. per cent of the
traffic into and out of the city
is via Maryland that that the en-
tire District would profit. Their
arguments succeeded in part. Four
bridges at a time were a little too
much for P. w. A., but two ran the
gauntlet and won out. One, finished
last August, is over the Susquehanna
at Havre de Grace, replacing an
older structure; the other, finished
four months later, is the Potomac
River Bridge from Maryland to
Dahlgren, Va.
They complete links in highway
chain from New York to Norfolk
and vicinity and shorten distance
and time considerably. The third
one in that project, asked for but
not so far obtained. is q harbor
crossing at Baltimore, which would
Evening star., 1941-01-05

and allowed speed positively dizzy
in comparison with that of horse
drawn traffic. George Washington
himself made use of the bay on his
trips to Philadelphia and New York.
He drove to Annapolis, loaded his
team aboard a vessel, and sailed up
the bay as far as possible, before
landing near Elk River and pro-
ceeding.
Wealth Developed.
AS time passed, the bay became
economically valuable, too, through
the development of it's wealth of
fish, oysters, crabs and terrapin.
Boats piled its waters in ever-in-
creasing numbers, furnishing live
lihood to thousands. Vessels came
there from all over the world. With
its numerous bays and tidal rivers,
1t became q sportsman's paradise
and . yachting center. Particularly
on the Eastern Shore, many we'll
Evening star., 1941-01-05

be used by norrh-south through
traffic to bypass most of the Monu-
mental City and avoid the nuisance
OF traffic delay there, especially on
two highly congested streets, Pratt
and Hanover, and the already over
loaded Hanover Street Bridge over
the Patapsco. The fourth is, OF
course, the bay crossing.
In spite of the fact that the bay
bridge is not yet here, it is just as
desirable as ever. Practically all
opposition to it has now broken
down. Navigation companies, when
they learned that there would be
no draw and that the bridge would
be high enough to pass the Queen
Mary safely, withdrew any objec-
tons they might have had. Very
few people in Maryland have any
doubt that some day it will be built.
Not SO long ago New York City.
Continued on Page c-53
Evening star., 1941-01-05

which the question of many bridges
was studied and four recommended
for construction, three on the Ma
tional North-South highway and one
across the bay. Traffic engineers
were called into consultation to
estimate the amount of revenue that
could be obtained from toll charges.
Outstanding bridge engineers, the j.
E. Greiner Co. of Baltimore, drew
up plans, specifications, and cost
estimates. Representatives of the
State of Maryland came over to
Washington, explained their case,
and, after hearings in Baltimore,
received approval from the War
Department, first tentative, then
official. Congressional approval was
also obtained. 1t became then only
a question of money.
The Maryland authorities felt that
this should b largely furnished by
the Federal Government. They
Evening star., 1941-01-05

Clair, Hedy Lamar, Charles Boyer,
Luise Rainer and Sonia Henie In
motion pictures. Sigrid Undset, the
Nobel prize novelist, found escape to
the west cut off when the Nazis in
vaded her native Norway. and had
to travel across Russia, Siberia and
the Pacific to reach the United
States.
These new Americans know that
true education is incompatible with
the ukase of the Nazi Education
Ministry:
THE supreme task of the school
Is the education Of the youth for the
service of the nation and the state
in a national socialistic spirit. Any
thing that favors such education
should be encouraged, anything that
endangers it should be avoided and
fought"
And the italian credo:
The government demands that
the school should be inspired by the
ideals of Fascism - that the
whole school system in every grade
and every phase of its teaching
should educate italian youth to
understand Fascism, to renew them
selves in Fascism and to live in
the historic atmosphere created by
the Fascist revolution"
Goes Back to. 1920.
But such doctrines and their aft
ermath were not new in 1888. For
America the story goes back to 1920
when the promise of free develop
ment of thought and worship drew
the Pilgrims. 1t marked a mile
stone in 1848 when the insurge of
liberal thinkers fleeing from the
unsuccessful attempt to set up a
German republic brought us such
men as Carl Schurz, our Minister
to Spain at 80, and later Hayes Sec
retary of the Interior.
Suppose we take up the story just
after the Russian revolution in 1917.
In Constantinople and in Prague a
committee of refugee Russians, rep
resenting faculties Of imperial Rus
Evening star., 1941-01-05

to-do people moved in from the
North, bought property, and built
handsome homes. Its fame became
world wide. Many foreigners with
but the vaguest notion of American
geography nevertheless have heard
of the Chesapeake Bay and know
about where it is.
But time also brought the rail-
roads and the automobile, land We
hicles with speed greater than any
possible over water. On Eastern
and Western shores alike a network
of rails and roads sprang up, each
good in itself but with no permanent
connection below Elkton. Ferries
were put into operation, and for that
matter are still in operation, to
bridge the gap, which they do after
a fashion but not after one COM
mensurate with modern speed re-
quirements, and not too cheaply.
Not only are they slow, but by virtue
Evening star., 1941-01-05

number than the Government this
year. The great majority of stu
dents. of course, are not here on
scholarships, but come at their own
expense. The Committee on Friend.
ly Relations Among Foreign Stu
dents reports almost 1,500 Latin
American students in United States
colleges and universities
In the past, most foreign students
came as much from curiosity about
the United States as they did to
learn; or, if their own universities
were not outstanding in the field
they had chosen, they came here for
specialized work. But now they have
a deeper reason.
Reaffirm Faith.
Just as the Latin Americans come
here to solidify relationships among
nations in hemisphere that is still
free, most students from overseas
are here to reafflrm their faith in
democracy and freedom of thought
and speech.
Two words-"ni "nichtarischen Abb
stammung" - perhaps sound the
theme in overseas students recent
change of attitude To a law stu
dent in Prussia in 1888 those two
words leaped out from a mimeo-
graphed letter to put a frustrating
end to 10 years of study for the
German bar and five more years of
apprenticeship.
At the end of that time, with
highest recommendation behind
him, he had applied for a license to
practice law But because of his
"nichtarischen Abstammung''
Aryan anceStry-his application was
denied.
That case has had thousands Of
counterparts in the past seven years.
The cultural blight of a continent
has precipitated a migratory flood
OF sincere students, teachers, writer's,
artists and musician+Aryans as
well as non-Aryans-to American
shores.
Our American life has been en-
riched by such personalities as Al
bert Einstein in science, Thomas
Mann, Emil Ludwig, Franz Werfel,
Jules Roman, W. H Auden and
Lion Feuchtwanger in literature,
Ignace Jan Paderewski, Maurice
Maeterlinck and Lotte Lehman in
music and Julien Duvivier, Rene
Evening star., 1941-01-05

romance languages, arrived in April
of this year.
George Washington has 56 foreign
students. twenty-five are from
Europe - Austria, Czecho-Slovakia,
England, France, Germany, Holland,
Hungary, Italy, Poland, Russia,
Scotland and Turkey; Is are from
Latin America, 6 from China, from
the Philippines and from Australia.
National University has engaged
Gerhard Husserl, formerly professor
of law in several of Germanys
most famous universities. DR.. Hus-
serl first became acquainted with
the United States when he lectured
at some of our universities in 1895.
He returned to Berlin that summer.
but when the University Of Virginia
offered him a visiting professorship
in 1888 he accepted and came TO
the United States to stay. This fall
he became a full-tlme member OF
the National University faculty. Ma
tional has about a dozen foreign
students.
Committee Report.
The Committee on Friendly r.
lations Among Foreign Student
reports that in the school yea
l939-40 these District institution
also reported foreign studen.s.
Washington Missionary College, 25,
Howard University, "a; Trinity Col
lege, 8; Bliss Electrical School, 2.
and Washington College Of Law, !.
Washington's International Stu
dent House may not be comparao.s
in size to that in New York which
accommodates 500 students or ths
one at the University of Chicago
but it is adequate for the students
headquarters.
On the ground floor are the OFF,
of Miss Grace Lowry, house =
rector. and meeting rooms. On [
second floor is the lounge, viii
is converted into a ballroom
dances usually held on Friday {
nings. Students lead off with
Virginia reel, square dances or 81
folk dances and then turn 10
less exhausting American cheek,
cheek or the Latin conga.
Opposite the lounge is the dinil
room which also doubles as a meo
ing place. On the two floors abolC
are accommodations for about %
students.
The Washington InternationaI
Club, which includes both foreign
and American students, meets al
the house. 1t is presided over this
year by Frank Vane, a Californian
studying at American University
Other groups meet to study foreign
languages and to discuss interna-
tional literature and art.
The house is not merely a center
where foreign students meet eacn
other" says Miss Lowry, but a place
where they may meet Americans
and where the foreign and local
students can become acquainted
with each other and their customs.
Evening star., 1941-01-05

professor of economic history and
one of six naturalized American Uni
versity professors who formerly
taught in Germany. DR.. Correl
emigrated to the United States after
the World War; the other left Ger
many since Hitler's rise to power in
1888.
Oscar Weigert, associate professor
of comparative social legislation,
was an official in the German Min
iStry OF Labor. He went first TO
Turkey, where for three years he was
adviser to its government on labor
legislation. DR.. Weigert is now an
adviser to the Federal Government.
Ludwig Homberger, lecturer on
Of the directorate of German Ma
tional Railways. Fritz Karl Mann,
professor Of political economy, has
served on several German faculties.
During the World War he helped
direct exploitation of Rumanian
resources for the German high COM
mand.
Ernst Posner, lecturer on archival
administration, formerly official OF
German state archives, is an ad-
wiser to the Federal archives. Karl
Pribram. occasional lecturer at A. u,
is an economics expert with the
Social Security Board.
Instructor in French at the Uni
versity of Maryland for the past
three years is Andre Liotard. For
some years before that he was at
A. U. But, as French subject of
military age, Mr. Liotard was called
by the French Army last year. He
was an aide with a French military
mission to Turkey from November,
1889, until the Franco-German
armistice was signed, and then re-
turned to the United States, though
not without delays. He was held up
in Athens for several weeks, moved
on TO Lisbon and then, after a
session in a Lisbon hospital, found
passage across the Atlantic.
MI. Liotard is also minister of the
interdenominational French Prot
e5tant church which meets in St.
Johns Church at Lafayette Square.
Maryland's foreign student en-
rollment includes about IS in College
Park and 20 in its professional
schools in Baltimore.
At Catholic University the trend
toward students from our own
hemisphere is eXemplified among its
so foreign students. Two are from
Europe, 2 from Australia and from
the Orient, but all the rest are from
our own part of the world-14 from
Canada, l from Mexico and the
others from Central and South
America.
Catholic University has two fac
ulty members from Germany. Rich
ard A. Kahn, lecturer in economics,
who has recently held a fellowship
at Johns Hopkins University, came
to the United States in 1885. Helmut
A. Hatfield, visiting professor Of
Evening star., 1941-01-05

States Hope Plans
Will Bring Big
Service Here
Bv Basil Gordon.

Practically every State in the
Union has some outstanding geo.
graphical feature. 1t may be Great
Lakes or the Mississippi River. Some
are noted for mountains, deserts, or
canyons, others for lakes. Two,
California and Florida, specialize in
climate, or at least conversation
about it as the 46 others we'll
know. States bordering the Attain
tic, the Pacific, or the Gulf of Mexico
have shore frontage as their princi-
pal points of interest.
Among the sea regions is Mary
land, which might well be called
the Water Front State. Not only
does Maryland have a not incon-
siderable Atlantic coast line, but
20 per cent of its area is under
water, due to the presence within
its limits of that mighty body of
water, the Chesapeake Bay.
In the early days of the Nation,
even long before independence, the
Chesapeake was not only Maryland's
glory but also her greatest asset
easy transportation. Then, there
were no roads worthy of the name.
A trip of so miles across country was
not only two-day journey-it was
an adventure. At any moment the
carriage or wagon might become
hopelessly begged. An axle might
break leaving the travellers miles
from anywhere in particular. Fresh
cts might flood creeks or rivers on
the route, necessitating either a halt
or precarious swim by the horses.
Even under the most favorable con-
ditions, it was often necessary to
provide fresh relay horses, and even
a fresh one was no Sea Biscuit for
speed.
Smaller wonder, then, that families
preferred to settle on the shores of
the bay, from which they could COM
fortably sail to Baltimore and also
have easy communication with their
neighbors. Here was q road far
smoother than any On land, which
automatically kept itself In repair,
Evening star., 1941-01-05

control. BY reading reports Of for
eign education ministries and schools
in their original languages-the spe-
cialists can translate more than 80
languages-they study changes and
notify American schools Of their
findings.
Keeping abreast of changes is
something of job. Soviet Russia
has changed its system eight times
since 1918, and 20 other nations
made more or less radical changes
In their systems in the past 10 years.
Many Cases Handled.
Thus more and more of our schools
credits Of foreign students and pro-
fessors. Since 1918 when the divi-
sion had six cases it has handled
10000, and this year expects 1900
These cases come from all over the
country, for all parts of the United
States seem to attract students from
other lands According to the For
eign Students Committee report,
California leads with 1900 foreign
students in It's colleges and universi-
ties. New York is second with about
400, Massachusetts, has about 900.
Illinois 600. and PENNSYLVANIA and
Michigan about 500 each, compared
to the Districts 300.
The refugee or emigre professors.
too, are absorbed into faculties all
over the country, usually singlv or
in very small groups-several right
here in Washington.
In the United States they do not
teach as unit, as did the Russian
groups and other refugee faculties
in Europe, for, while European ma
tions customarilv confined enroll
ment in their schools to their own
students and Russian groups were
necessary if their students were to
continue education. American schools
are open TO any one; the unit
system is unnecessary.
There is one eXception-but one
of especial value. 1t is the "Univer-
sity in Exile popular name given tc
the graduate faculty of political and
SON4di oNiCiAOC Al VIC 4NC" StIlOOl 1OI
Social Research, New York City
This faculty is composed of 26 pro-
fessors from eight European nations
who keep alive the standards and
traditions Of pre-Nazi European
education in the United States. In
other departments of the New School
some 20 European scholars are giving
courses
Ous universities have more than
400 foreign professors on their fac
ulties this year. Foreign" is not
quite the word, for most of them
have been in the United States foI
several years and have applied for
citizenship. About 300 have perm
anent appointments; the others are
visiting" professors who must find
new posts each year or so.
Only really outstanding teachers
are likely to find jobs, for they are
in competition with capable Amer
lean professors and our colleges and
Evening star., 1941-01-05

sia's leading universities, held inter-
views to certify education of their
countrymen who had lost their
papers. Some members of the
Prague committee formed the Rus
sian College of Law; similar or
ganization in Berlin founded the
Russian Scientific Institute. Both
are now disbanded.
Driven before the storm Of totali-
;arianism, teachers and students who
refused to bow to its theology moved
on from Germany to other nations,
and. as each one fell, moved on
again
This flight of students and pro-
feSsors from the German conquest in
Norway, the Netherlands, Belgium
and France is termed by Stephen
Duggan a movement of scholars"
that has not been paralleled since
the revocation of the edict of Nantes
by Louis XIV" In 1885 this revoca-
ton terminated amnesty for French
Protestants, the Huguenots, and
more than 1000 fed France.
The only important asylum open
to" present-day refugees, Mr.. Dug
gan says, "is the one which has al
ready given refuge to the scholars
driven out of Germany, Austria,
Italy and Czechoslovakia The
colleges and universities of the coun-
try have contributed spendidly to
the solution Of the problem by well
coming the refugee scholars and
providing them with the opportunity
to work"
The job of assimilating these STU
dents into American schools and
colleges with the least possible loss
of time and duplication of studies is
aided by three specialists who COM
pose the Office of Education's COM
parative education staff.
They are in constant association
with foreign educational systems
and theirs is the task of evaluating
changes made in European school
systems and universities as new gov
ernments and ideologies come into
Evening star., 1941-01-05
Unofficial Ambassadors
Come in Flood Because
Of College Loss Abroad
Life of United States Has
Been Enriched by Various
Men of Genius in Science
Bv Allan x. SchoLin.

Ten thousand enrolled
and
political disturbances
United States has become the asylum of cultures ideals
lands dissolved or dominated by totalaran onslaughts.
Belgium hoSlovaka, Denmark Estonia Lhu-
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1941-07-29
Miss Wallin
To Be Bride
Sets Sept. 10 Tor Wedding
To Mr.. Burseiis

At a party given in their
home. Mr.. and Mrs. Il. j.
West announced the engage
ment ~ their daughter. Miss
June Nallin. 10 Mr.. Edward
Z. Burkette. son Of Mr.. and
Mrs. {. r. Rurkette Of puy-
allup. The wedding will be
solemnized Sept. 10.
A eenterpiece 81 = large silver
bell With gardenias around the
base and streamers going 10 each
plate was used 20 announce tho
date of the marriage. When each
guest pulled her streamer the
bell was lifted and the news ws,
revealed IN old English print
Court whist wss played during
the evening.
The guests included Mrs e r.
Rurkette. Mrs Donald Afford.
Miss Virginia kachers. Mrs Earl
Moritz. Miss Charlotte Palmer.
Miss Marlory Wagner. Miss Mary
Farmer. Mrs. Wllfred Brown. Miss
Eileen Morreli and Mrs Grace
Farmer.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1941-07-29

There we're thirty-fiss In the
picnic group whrn Miss Olive
Erchlngsr entertained memesrs Of
the l.. q. q. circle ~ the Firs,
Evangelical church Friday even.
,ns ~ hsr summer hons - Aa~-
lalde beach. Husbands and FAINT
lies ~ circle members wsre guests
A bonfire on the beach later n
the evening attracted those pre-
sent
In tho group we're Mr. snd afs
Er. Lsnts. Mr. and Mrs. Harry
johnson and daughters. Dorothy
and Ruth. Mrs. William Hsrr"f.
the Rev. and Mrs John Henry
soltmsn and -,n ana daughter.
Marian and George Mrs l. A
Younghsrg Miss Eins nsiHnes
Mrs. Clarence nsses and ssn
Darrell Mr. and Mrs Harry
HlAhoff and -pns. Roas and kos'sfi
Mis-. Ina iiaTrdorn Mrs. v W
Hnrnsohnfh and daughter Asfs=
aith nr. and Mrs. n q Nnihifs :
Mas Margaret HsaiYs Mrs. 1. ?
Armstrong Mr. Anna Hammer
ars y J. FtAnceseninis visitor
in Tacoma from Haa Ffaneiseo.
Ar. and Hfs Peter q sands NJ.
and Ms ". n tunas ana Mrs.
Gertrude nsiisrsisg.