davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1941-03-20
Training at Stake

The fate of the civil pilot training
program of the Civil Aeronautics Au-
thority. established to provide a
reservoir of trained pilots from which
the military services might draw, and
to promote civil aviation in America,
may be determined, Unexpectedly, by
the establishment of priorities gov
erning the use of aluminium
1t has been revealed that unless
priorities which now prevent delivery
of aluminium to light airplane manu-
facturers are relaxed, production of
light planes in the United States will
come to a Standstill by mid-April.
The c. A. A. training program now
uses 3,807 light airplanes and will re-
quire 5,710 more during 1941, it has
been estimated.
During 1941, the c. A. A. program is
scheduled to provide for $4,000
student pilots training sufficient to
qualify them for private licenses and
enable them to enter military avia-
tion at an advanced stage.
To build the $500 light airplanes
scheduled for construction during
the remainder of 1941 will require
1,638,000 pounds of aluminium. This
amount of aluminium, put into mill
tary training airplanes, would build
1900 ships. Thus, the question to be
determined by defense production
officials is whether it is more impor-
tant to the Nation to have $500 light
airplanes for civilian training or
1900 military airplanes for strictly
military training. 1t is problem OF
fundamental Importance. That it is
SO regarded by the Office of Produc-
tion Management is indicated by the
creation of a subordinate Office eSpe-
cially to handle the light plane
problem.
Delivery of aluminium to light
plane manufacturers was cut off by
a priorities order announced Feb
ruary 20. After consultations with
the Army and Navy, the light air
plane manufacturers have appealed
for a modification of the order to
permit at least a partial fulfillment
of their manufacturing schedules.
The decision on their appeal is of
basic Importance, for it will have
far-reaching effect on military train
ing and on civil flying for years to
come.
Evening star., 1941-03-20
Democrucies' Lurder

While production of war supplies
proceeds in accordance with admin
iStratiOn plans for making America
the arsenal of the democracieS,"
preparations are being made on sew
eral domestic fronts for fultillment
of the additional pledge that this
country will become also the larder
of the democracies. President Roose-
velt has announced that details of
comprehensive program for supply
ing Britain with certain essential
foods will be made public within a
few days. Arrangements are in
charge of Secretary Of Agriculture
Wickard and DR.. Thomas Parran,
head of the Public Health Service,
in collaboration with representatives
of the British Food Ministry. Other
democratic nations besides Britain
will be fed.
Initial consignments to England
are expected to consist largely of
concentrated foods, such as evapo-
rated and dried milk, powdered eggs,
dried fruits, dried vegetables and
fruit juices. Pork, lard and cheese
will be included. 1t is the desire of
officials to load a maximum of food
values into the limited space avail
able for transatlantic shipment.
Some tobacco, considered an aid in
maintaining morale of armed forces,
probably will be sent abroad, too.
Coincident with the plans for avert
ing hunger in England, there were
indications that the British would
relax their blockade sufficiently to
permit two shiploads of wheat to
reach unoccupied France. The
American Red Cross would control
distribution of the grain. Spain, also,
may get some food from America
shortly.
Meanwhile, Finlands friends in
the United States-and they are
legion-are cheered to learn that the
Federal Loan Administrator Jesse
Jones has approved an additional
loan of S5,OOO,OOO to the hunger
beset Baltic republic. Most of a
previous loan of 10000, 900 long since
has been expended for food, clothing
and shelter, and the remainder has
been earmarked for supplies awaiting
shipment. The Firms are in desperate
need of food, medicine and other
basic necessities, and the new loan
will help to alleviate the suffering
and to sustain the courage of a people
whose heroic fight for freedom won
the admiration of the world not so
long ago. Finland deserves a gener-
Gus measure of aid from the Amer
lean larder.
Evening star., 1941-03-20
The Mediation Bourd

establishment or the eleVen-man
board headed by DR.. Clarence A.
Dykstra to halt defense industry
strikes will be welcomed by the
Nation. At the same time, however,
it must be recognized that the char
acter of the machinery set up by
President Roosevelt in the new
move to maintain industrial peace
bespeaks a confidence in the efficacy
of conciliation and mediation that is
still to be justified, in view of what
has gone before.
Heretofore, the Cancellation Serv-
ice of the Labor Department has
carried the burden of keeping men
at work in the plants on which
America depends to rearm, but the
strike record of the past few months
shows how far short of the goal the
effort fell. Now, when this avenue
of approach fails, the National De-
fenSe Mediation Board will step in
and seek further to bring about an
adjustment by the power of per-
SuaSion. The single question, there
fore, seems to be whether the new
board, with employer and employe
sharing responsibility, can succeed
by proceeding along lines that are
essentially the same as those which
have proven inadequate.
The composition of the board in
spires belief that nothing will be
left undone to insure accomplish
ment. Its recommendations can be
expected to do full justice to those
who are affected, and in fully pub
licizing the facts in every case, it will
make possible an informed public
opinion as to meritS-a weapon that
is not to be regarded lightly. But
above and beyond this will be re-
quired good faith and good will of
management and labor. President
Roosevelt's order creating the board
makes it "the duty of employer and
employe to avoid the steps that lead
to strikes. In effect, he calls for a
"cooling-off" period, and observance
of this principle will 60 a long way
toward maintaining the peace at
which the board aims.
The mediation plan was a failure
in the early days of the World War
Eventually, by agreement between
the National Industrial Conference
Board representing employers and
the American Federation of Labor,
the War Labor Board was set up
under the craftsmanship of Will
liam Howard Taft and Frank P.
Walsh On but three occasions were
its findings flouted and these chal-
lenges met prompt action. The Gov
ernment took over the Western
Union and Smith and WeSSon, arms
manufacturers, which refused to
abide by labor award, and Presi-
dent Wilson ended a strike of NUM-
tions workers in the Bridgeport area
by threatening to withdraw their
draft exemption.
In the face of this experience,
President Roosevelt has chosen to
adopt methods which lack any ele-
ment of compulsion, and probably
for the time being, at least-his
action has headed off anti-strike
legislation in Congress. If pacific
measures fail, however, sterner &C
ton will be demanded.
Evening star., 1941-03-20

sibility Of, is the economic change that
would come with an entirely enslaved
Europe working for one Hitler.
Such an economic change certainly
would affect us adversely, to an un-
imagined degree; certainly the ways of
life" in the relationships present no
favorable contrasts to the ways of life in
England and America. Because we can
look upon such possible changes with no
happy anticipation we should do all in
our power to prevent the continued en-
slavement of momentarily helpless ma
tions.
Say what you may about the
capitalist" system (and I'm no capitalist
but merely a working mani it has been
my experience for many years that in
this country no one willing and able to
work ever long lacks a job; the trouble
has been too many are too "choosy"
about what particular work they care to
do.
The resources of this Nation will not
be adversely affected by the IS or 80
billions we spend on our national "de-
fense" nor by the billions to England,
which we might count as a gift. Ger
tainly, it is cheap price to prevent the
United States and the rest of the world
goose-stepping with Hitler.
vIRGINIAN.
Evening star., 1941-03-20
THIS AND THAT
BIZ Charles E. TraceUeH.

II purchased the best giant variety of
seeds last spring and planted two large
beds. In due time scores of shoots came
up and f1ourished until about 3 inches
high, then some bird or animal, know
not what, ate them all up, leaves, stems
and all.
II replanted both beds again but
exactly the same thing happened so I
gave up. Not one plant survived. I
have never seen any rabbits around here
so the culprit was either chipmunk,
squirrel or bird.
"One day the plants would be un-
touched, the next morning half Of them
all eaten up, and the next day the bed
entirely consumed.
"I wish you would impress more on
your readers the Importance of feeding
the birds in March, April and May. Most
people do not know there is no natural
food left by this season.
Until few days ago I wondered how
blue jay could get enough to eat when
he spent such q short time at the feed
ing station.
But at close view on our window sill
I saw one in about 6 seconds stuff his
mouth so full Of sunfower seeds that he
could scarcely fly off-his cheeks were
all puf1ed out. suppose he must take
himself off to some quiet retreat and eat
them at his leisure.
"They are well-behaved birds. In fact
have no trouble at all with any of the
birds because, depending upon the state
of the weather, I have from to 10 feed
| ing stations. When it is showing it is
some job keeping them clear of snow but
| the birds all have lots of room to feed
| and so do not fight With so many
| stations even grackles and starlings are
no problem.
Some bread and apples as well as seed
| placed at one yard station keeps them
| pretty much in one place. They do not
| like to come on window sills and won't
if their own station is supplied.
so the answer to undesirable birds is
| TO establish more feeding stations. Then
every variety gets its share to eat. Place
suet on a number of trees, not just one.
yours truly, NJ. C. T."
Our correspondents bird is a brown
creeper.
1t is not a member of the woodpecker
| family, even if it does peck on bark.
| 1t belongs to the nuthatch and creeper
group of birds.
We feel sure that after our CORES
| pondent comes to sense the CHEEKY energy
Of this little bird she will not find it
| unattractive any longer.
| Sunfowers are usually regarded as
among the easiest of all plants to raise
Sometimes rabbits or crows play havoc
with the young plants. Our guess is
that grackles would destroy them Just
| for the fun of it.
Purple finches are on their way north
in March.
We have never seen any of them in our
| yard except at migration. We not only
agree with our correspondent that March,
April and May are good months to keep
up feeding the birds, but also feel that
June, July and August are good months,
too, for this happy work. Or any other
| month you can think Of.
Evening star., 1941-03-20
Postwar Public Works

In a report transmitted to Con-
gress by the President on Monday,
the National Resources Planning
Board has recommended a six-year
program of public works to provide
reservoir of long-range projects
that can be used to cushion the shock
of the postwar economic readjust-
nlentS that will face the Nation at
the end of the present emergency.
Though it does not propose that these
projects be undertaken at the present
time, the board recommends that the
necessary surveys be begun imme-
diately, and blueprints prepared, in
order that there may be no delay in
starting these projects when the need
for them arises.
Production of war materials is to-
day the Nations number one indus
try. In his address before the metal
trades conference here this week,
William S. Knudsen, director general
Of the Office of Production Manage
ment, estimated that an increase of
sixty per cent in industrial output
will be needed to meet the present
defense requirements Of the Govern
ment. Rearmament has already Gre
ated hundreds of thousands of new
Jobs and it will create many thou
sands more. The defense program is
increasing national income, indusy
trial pay rolls and business and
corporate earnings.
When the present emergency ends,
the country will confront, therefore,
the problem of a transition from a
war to a peace economy. A we'll
planned public works program, by
providing large-scale employment
and outlet for the products of Amer
lean industry, offers one means of
meeting the economic readjuStments
Of the postwar period. Public works
projects, however, must be selected
and plans prepared in advance.
Otherwise it will be many months
before they can be used to take up
the slack in employment caused by
tapering off of defense production.
Expenditures for non-defense pub
lie works are being sharply curtailed.
In view of the vast outlay on arma-
ments, such reductions, at the pres
ent time, are plainly in the public
interest.
I'm giving high priorities to de-
tense undertakings, we must not lose
sight of those governmental activities
that are vital to our long-term safety,
such as the protection of our soil, the
safeguarding of national health, the
protection of morale and the prepa-
ration for post-emergency adjust
ments," the National Resources Plan
ming Board warned in its report. The
warning is a timely one and the
boards statement indicates that
there will be no lack of desirable
public works projects that will add to
the Nations capital assets.
Because it is of vital Importance
that the Government be fully pre-
pared to deal with the employment
Evening star., 1941-03-20
ARLINGTON, Va.

Dear Sir:
Due to the building boom here In
Country Club Hills we have mere frac-
ton of the birds we had last year.
Cutting new roads through last June
destroyed many nesting places and
frightened hundreds of birds away.
Last winter I distributed about 18
pounds of wildbird seed a week. During
the past week of snow about 5 or 6
winter we had several varieties of wood
peckers, this year only the downy, and
one variety that I cannot identify. 1t
does not come around very often.
II saw it but few times last year, and
so far about six times this year.
From the following description can
you tell me what it Is?
ut is small bird, just slightly larger
than chickadee, very drab color OF
brown.
"It blends so perfectly with the trunk
of an oak tree that you would scarcely
know it was there except for its move
ment, which is almost continuous, never
still, and it runs up the tree trunk in a
zig-zig manner.
"IJ has a very round looking body and
small round head with very dark
pointed bill. 1t pecks at the bark all the
time and eats suet.
I have never seen it sitting on a
branch or in flight SO I cannot tell what
color it is underneath.
1T goes up the trunk of tree until
lost to sight among the branches. which
are still we'll covered with dried oak leaves
and so conceal the bird from view.
at is not an attractive looking bird.
I always think of tree toad when ! see
it. Although the tree is only about 10
feet away from our living room window
I cannot give any better description of
the bird than the above. 1t is just a
darkish drab brown color.
&x
Last winter we had so many purple
finch-I often counted as many as 80
or so at one time feeding and there
must have been about hundred or more
around. Until the recent snowstorm I
had one lone pair this winter and my
bird feeding friends in other neighbor-
hoods also lamented the almost total
absence of finch this year.
But just lately I have had more finch.
Every day I notice more out there but so
far nothing like the numbers of last
year.
IN a recent article you spoke of blue
jays being able to fend of hawks and
having few enemies to destroy them
Last year at breakfast time friend over
on Glebe road heard terrible COM
motion in her garden and looked out her
window to see blue jay being eaten up
by an owl.
Il agree with you about hawks. We
have one, or perhaps more. that fly over
several times a day. Sometimes the birds
disappear briefly until he has passed out
of sight, sometimes they pay no attention
| to him at all.
He has never swooped down after any
of them. I imagine he is looking for
larger game, perhaps chipmunk.
Can you or any of your readers tell
me how to grow sunflowers successfully?
Evening star., 1941-03-20

and other problems of the postwar
period, Congress should accept the
recommendations of the board and
appropriate whatever is necessary to
prepare the plans for a post-emer-
gency public works program. For
such plans may we'll be considered as
an essential part of the preparedness
program.
Evening star., 1941-03-20
Discusses Critics of Unions
And Praises Socialist Labor Group.

To the Editor of The Star:
Some of our columnists and radio COM
mentators are like the doctors of several
generations ago who were able to tell
people with what ills they were afflicted
but seldom told them the causes and
very often did not know the cures.
These observers for eight months have
been telling the workers what Ills afilicted
the labor unions. Meanwhile, union
members waited patiently for them to
name the causes and suggest the cures.
They have failed to do either 80.
The capitalist system is the principal
cause of some of our present day union
troubles. Certain unions are not instru-
ments of the working class. In fact
they are tools of the capitalists and are
used against the workers :.
For so years the Socialist-Labor party
has been doing everything in its power
to educate the workers, so that they
might be able to free themselves from
the shackles of wage slavery. That
little political group has the only solu-
ton to all of the ills that beset the
human race today. It has q program
for the abolition Of classes, war, poverty
and ignorance. J.F.
Evening star., 1941-03-20

epoch-making triumph over the
Russian colossus. The sight of this
formidable armada flying the Stars
and Stripes therefore filled Austral-
asian hearts with a joy almost as
keen as that felt today. Our fleet
ultimately quit the Pacific and went
around the world. But it left sal
utary results in the Far East. Aus
tralian-American relations were put
on an enduringly cordial basis.
Also, Japanese American relations
improved for a time. For the Japa-
nese fire-eaters of that day some
how lost their appetite, as far as
America was concerned.
Evening star., 1941-03-20
Huskin's S Answers
To Questions
By Frederic J. Husktn.

A reader can get the nrsUer to any
question OF fact By tortting The EUe-
ming Star Information Bureau, Fred.
eric J. HdSkin director, Washington,
D. c. Please ircloSe stamp for reply.
@. How many trees are used in making
matches?-J. J. y.
A. approximately 100000 mature
trees are required annually to manufac-
ture $4,000, 900 900 matches in the United
States.
@. On what occasion were hymn books
used as wadding in battle?-W. A. C.
A. On June %, 1880. the Battle Of
Springfield was fought. The Rev. Mr..
Caldwell, according to tradition, urged
his men to use the hymn books in the
neighboring church as extemporized
wadding; exhorting them, Now put
Watts into them, boys"
@. Who won the United States Junior
Chamber Of Commerce Award?-E. L. T.
A. The distinguished service award for
1910 was made to Robert A. Boyer for his
development of process for making
plastic aulOmODlle OOQleS.
Q. Please give the source of the line
Coming events cast their shadows
before. Il. E. S.
A. It's the sunset of life gives me
mystical lore; And coming events cast
their shadows before" is from "Lochiel's
Warning by Thomas Campbell.
G. What percentage of butterfat
should butter contain?-S. K.R.
A. The law provides that butter shall
contain at least 30 per cent of butterfat.
@. How many miles of railroad have
been abandoned in the United States
in the past "a years?-T H. M.
A. The Bureau of Railway Economics
says that for the 24-year period Begin
ming with 1917, a total of 1871 miles Of
railroad lines have been abandoned.
@. How many Negroes are there in the
United States Army?-F. r. S.
A. The War Department says there
are five regular Negro commissioned
officers and 1888 enlisted Negro men in
the Army.
@. What percentage of people in the
United States go to church?-C. c.
A. 1t is estimated that about so per
cent of the population of the United
States are actively affiliated with
churches, and of this number about 50
per cent attend services regularly.
Evening star., 1941-03-20

@. When was the Eads Bridge con-
structed?-W. A. A.
A. The Eads Bridge. the first across
the Mississippi River at ST. Louis. was
begun in 1867, and was completed in 1874.
@. Who wrote the song MY Rosary?
j. D. F.
A. The words are by Robert Cameron
Rogers and the music by Ethelbert Nevin.
Q. What is the speed OF the Nays
new battleships?-S. K.
A. The Navy Department says that
the new battleships of the United States
Fleet will have a designed speed of 81
knots (about 80 miles per hour.
Q. Who is Switzerland's new Presi-
dent?-K. NJ.
A. The Hon. Ernest wetter is Presi-
dent of Switzerland.
Q. What is the average temperature
in Kentucky?-M. F. L.
A. The mean winter temperature in
Kentucky is IS degrees F., while the
annual average is S.
@. Please give some information about
the school bus disaster in Colorado.
&C. L. w.
A. On March 27, 1881, five school chill
dren and their bus driver, stalled in
snow drifts near Towner, Colo, were
frozen to death. The hero of the bus
tragedy was Bryan Untiedt, who saved
IS of the children by keeping them
awake and active
@. Who are the largest individual
holders of stock in the Radio Corp. of
America?-H. j. M.
A. Ownership of the company is widely
distributed among approximately 242,000
stockholders in every State in the Union.
No individual owner of record holds as
much as one-half of l per cent Of the
company's stock.
@. When was the Edison Memorial
Tower dedicated?-H. E. w.
A. The Edison Memorial Tower at
Menlo, N. j., was dedicated and lighted
on February II, 1885,
@. When did the Government estab-
Ish the o. P. M.?-J. G. M.
A. On January 7, 194l, the ONCE for
Production Management was set up by
executive order.
Evening star., 1941-03-20

The one basic language in the
United States is English, not count
ing the tongues of few as yet un-
assimilated foreign minorities and
the curious jargon, based on English,
affected by music and art critics.
Evening star., 1941-03-20

Having lost every other ally, the
French have again made friends
with God" remarks a writer who
notes increased church attendance
in both occupied and unoccupied
France. 1t is improbable that He will
let them down, either.
Evening star., 1941-03-20
Suggests Feeding Starving People
Through Commission Including President

To the Editor Of The Star:
1t would be crime for civilized people
to leave thousands of men, women and
children to starve in the Nazi-conquered
nations of Europe.
OF course, no one trusts Hitler. But
if the Archbishop of Canterbury, the
Pope of Rome and our President were
to form q commission or board, plan
by which food might be shipped to the
starving and not looted by the Na1s
might be arranged. JOHN GORDON.
Evening star., 1941-03-20

Word Bo0klet-How to use, pro-
nounce and spell words. A con-
else guide to correct speech and
writing in English. treating of more
than 1000 words most frequently
misused, misspelled and mispro-
nounced. How to avoid the COM
mon errors in speech. To secure
your copy of this publication in
close 10 cents in coin. wrapped in
this clipping and mail to The
Star Information Bureau.
Name
Address
Evening star., 1941-03-20
Objects to Proposed Removal
OF Historic Silver Spring.

OF Historic Silver Spring.
To the Editor Of The Star
Your paper on March 10 printed a
picture of the celebrated Silver Spring
on the estate of the late Senator Blair
Lee, with an article saying that the
spring is in danger of destruction owing
to a change in the roadway.
Having spent the greater part of my
81 years in Montgomery County,
write to protest the destruction Of such
q landmark. .
MRS. ]. JANNEY SHOEMAKER.