davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1941-04-15
Pluy Ball

Yesterday marked the start of
Americas peaceful war, the big
league struggle. But baseball, es-
sentially American, is conducted
along lines inconceivable to power
politicians and military experts alike.
In the first place, the hostilities
start, not because negotiations have
failed, but because they have sue
ceeded so perfectly that the exact
time and place of each battle is fig
ured in advance, agreed upon by all
combatants, and the schedule is
maintained except for minor modifi-
cations due to weather. Only the
results are unknown. Each belliger-
ent fights for itself, without attempt
ing to sign up any of the others in
enforced alliances.
This, to be sure, does result in
battle royal over scattered fronts
throughout the season, with many
pitchers knocked out and runners
Oy1 ing VASES, buV dlC
compenSations. Civilian casualties
are negligible, confined mainly to a
few wives who may have to keep
dinner waiting on extra-inning bat
ties. No hatreds are engendered, ex-
cept against umpires, who are paid
to take it and do not mind. The
losers may not get a pennant to
faunt in the sun, but do not lose
their shirts. So superior is the
American annual mock war to the
European perennial one, that our
defense authorities are bearing down
heavily to be sure of putting enough
stuff on the ball to prevent the in
PRODUCTION here of the European va
riety.
Evening star., 1941-04-15
Contempt Decision

The power of Federal judges to
deny the right of trial by jury and
infiict summary punishment for
contempt seemingly has sbeen re-
stricted sharply by the Supreme
Court in setting aside two convic-
tions in the middle district of North
Carolina.
Reversing precedent of many years
standing, the court, dividing five to
three, rules now that judge may
impose a penalty for contempt only
when the act alleged to have OBJ
structed justice occurred within the
physical proximity of the court.
Otherwise, the ordinary processes of
criminal cases-indictment and trial
must be followed.
To reach this conclusion, the
majority, in a decision by Justice
Douglas, narrowly construed 110-
year-old law making summary con-
tempt action applicable only in those
cases involving "misbehavior of any
person or persons in the presence of
said courts or so near thereto as to
obstruct the administration of JUS
tice." Previously, the Supreme Court
had said that whatever had reason
able tendency" to obStruct justice
constituted contempt, laying down
this principle in upholding a con-
tempt charge against Toledo news
paper. Now, physical proximity,
Evening star., 1941-04-15
THIS AND THAT
By Charles E. Trdcewell.

The robins two typical songs have
wild something which better fits into
our jazz era.
The first of these is roundelay, with
an up and down motion which Is not
easy to "get," as musical themes go.
1t is the che heard most often.
Then there is form of song known
popularly as calling for rain" This
is heard mostly when the day is cloudy
and rain may be at hand Whether the
robin knows this, or Is simply worked
upon through his capillaries, is difficult
to say
Both songs are ornamented with a
typical whinnying sound. Many listen
ers fail to connect this with the robin.
In fact, the robins song is not heard
by many persons at all. They simply
hear II as a part of the spring and
summer birc music, without once realiz-
ing that it belongs to the robin.
** ~
The robins song is commonly under
estimated, but it should not be, and Is
not by persons who listen closely.
1t should not be underestimated be-
cause the bird is a natural singer,
belonging to the thrush family.
Our robin is, indeed. no robin at all,
simply being named that because the
colonists were homesick for England.
The robin red-breast" of England is
much smaller bird, with a much
brighter breast, and is a member of a
family of warblers. 1t is said to be
even more friendly than the bird we
call robin.
The American robin-the name has
been kept so long now that it is
fact-ls really thrush closely allied
to the hermit thrush and the wood
thrush.
Its young have spotted breasts, Just
as wood thrushes have, but the spots
fade out of the robin as it natures.
The bluebird, also of the thrush family,
also has spots on the breast when young.
Our robin is one of the two common
| standards of comparison.
| Is an unknown species as large as a
| robin? Is it smaller? If so, is it as
small as the English sparrow?
All persons are familiar with these
two birds. and having a fairly good idea
of them, can determine whether some
unknown bird they see is larger or
smaller, o. what.
Thus they are able to discard at once
! many species which 90 not fit into
the general size of the bird they seek.
The robin is 10 inches long, making
/ him rather on the large size, as song
birds go
The robin is, above everything else,
| the lawr bird. From now on, it will
be impossible to look out into a subur-
ban yard without seeing one or more.
Young robins take to lawns as soon
as they can hop. Persons fond of
birds should go to especial pains to
protect them at such times.
Evening star., 1941-04-15
D. A. R. Congress

On Monday, October 13, 1890, The
Star printed a report to the effect
that "a new patriotic organization"
of the women descendants of "those
who took part in the American 2evo-
luton" had been formed at the
Strathmore Arms on the previous
Saturday. Mrs. Benjamin Harrison,
it was explained, was to be president
general of the society; Mrs. Flora
Adams Darling, vice president at
large; Mrs. Ellen Hardin Walworth
and Mrs. Walter Browne, secretaries
general, and Mrs. Marshall McDon-
aid, treasurer general. Other dis
tinguiShed women whose names ap-
peared in the first publicity were:
Mrs. David D. Porter, Mrs William D.
Cabell, Mrs. A. w. Greeley, Mrs. G.
Brown Goode, Mrs William c. Win
lock, Mrs. H. V. Boynton and Mrs. F.
o. st. Clair, all of whom still are
remembered among the founders.
The original service to which they
devoted themselves was the complet-
ing of the monument to the mother
Of George Washington. Subsequent
ly, the objects of the order were ex-
panded to 'perpetuate the memory
of the spirit of the men and women
who achieved American independ-
ence; to promote institutions for the
general diffusion of knowledge; to
cherish, maintain and extend the
institutions of American freedom; to
foster true patriotism and love of
country, and to aid in securing for
mankind all the blessings of lib
erty."
These are worthy purposes to
which every loyal citizen of the
United States wholeheartedly may
subscribe. 1t follows that there will
be widespread interest in the fiftieth
Continental Congress of the Daugh-
terS of the American Revolution now
in session in Washington. The strife
abroad and many problems at home
prompt gratitude for the existence
of such an association of loyal
women More than one hundred and
forty-three thousand members, it
was announced yesterday, currently
are enrolled in twenty-five hundred
and fifty chapters scattered in every
State of the Union and throughout
all other portions of the world. The
cause to which the organization is
pledged is that of intelligent appre-
citation of freedom and sympathetic
comprehension of the traditions of
courage without which freedom can
not survive.
In 1941 it is well that the D. A. R.,
with half a century of experience, is
available to help in the great work
which must be done for civilization
in this troubled earth.
Evening star., 1941-04-15

Man has never been able to make
good on his promise of a chicken for
every pot and two cars for every garage,
but nature delivers two robins for every
yard, without fail.
We have never seen so many robins,
and always pair for every yard. 1t
Is really comical, if you get to looking
for them as you go along.
First hops along one, and then the
other. Just as if they were going into
the ARK
This is fine state of affairs.
There Is no grander bird than this,
none more acceptable to most persons,
none putting up finer show in the
garden.
Despite the fact that there was sup
posed to be lack of robin, as a result
of freezing in the South, there seems to
be no shortage here
Everywhere you go this favorite bird
is seen, solemnly pulling out worms as he
goes.
No other songster has precisely the
SdIllc oOl Ol IlOp do 'Ilc IOUul.
1t fairly glides over the ground.
This motion is made more interesting,
to the watcher, by the changes in
direction and the pauses between them.
1t is believed that the robin listens
for the sounds the worms make in worm
ing their way through the soil.
no -
the great good which earthworms do.
Every particle of the soil for several
feet down is filtered through the diges-
tive apparati of these curious creatures.
Thus it is made fine and friable, as
gardeners say.
In this happy state of affairs the
honest robin plays his part.
BY keeping down the number of
worms, which are his favorite food,
he prevents the soil from being given
too good a going over.
So it does not turn sour, again as
gardeners put it.
x& -
II 1t were not for the robins, most
gardens would be in an unhealthy state.
AS it is, the faithful birds cannot
prevent human gardeners from doing
the wrong things. That is too much
to expect, even from hard working
robins
The robin is the hcme bird. Some
how he just seems to belong at home.
He nests in a carelessly made affair
in tree not far from the house, and
brings his children heneath the shrub
berry ana all over the lawn.
His peculiar song is heard early and
late, almost as early as the cardinal,
and even earlier.
1t is ar odd fact that these two birds.
universal favorites. are also the earliest
and latest of the singing birds to enter
tain their human friends.
&&*
The melody of the cardinal is best
known, but it is not the prettiest.
Evening star., 1941-04-15
Suggests Club to Visit
Patients at Home for Incurables.
To the Editor of The Star:

To the Editor of The STAR
In recent weeks have been going to
the Washington Home for Incurables
to see relative and to play games with
him.
I find there are a number of people
out there who have very little if any
company. and it is a God-send to have
some one come in to see them. I not
only play games with my relative but
have furnished and play games with an
other patient out there.
I am wondering if you, through your
paper, could facilitate the forming of
club to visit the sick at the Washing
ton Home for Incurables. There must
be thousands of people who could spend
couple of hours twice month out
there playing games with the inmates.
What greater act of charity could one
do?
I am willing to do anything can
to help in this matter. 1t is not money
that is needed: it is people to entertain
the poor unfortunates.
M. T. TOWNSEND.
Evening star., 1941-04-15
Surviving Mark

The old-time track to the lumber
camp
Is tence-taU no,D NTH brush;
1t is only path for the rabbit folk,
A lane for the song of the thrush.
The haunt of the reeds and dragon-
flies
Has forgotten the mun-mdde roads
Through its sDampy stretch ,Dhere
corduroy
Bore horSe-drdt1n timber loads.
But in the clearing, all unroofed
The camp cooks shack yet stands,
And currant bushes thrust from the
briers-
Here once Dorked human hdnds.
JESSIE M. DOwLIN.
Evening star., 1941-04-15
New Defense Tuxes

Since the Federal Government
needs additional funds to finance
the expanding defense program, the
announcement that congressional
leaders and Treasury officials are
planning to confer this week on de-
fenSe taxes becomes the initial step
toward new revenue legislation. In
creased taxes have been regarded as
an essential part of the preparedness
effort. BY meeting a greater proper
ton of the cost of rearmament
through taxation, Congress is plan
ming to maintain the integrity of the
public credit, and provide a safe
guard against the evils of imitation.
In 1917 and 1918, about one-third
of our war expenditures-excluding
loans to the Allies-was met by
Evening star., 1941-04-15
Discusses Feeding Conquered Peoples,
Strikes in Defense Industry, Etc.
To the Editor of The Star:

Discusses Feeding Conquered Peoples,
Strikes in Defense Industry, Etc.
To the Editor of The Star:
Herbert Hoovers efforts to send food
and clothing to France and to the other
countries under German domination
have encouraged a similar demand from
the Vichy government upon our Govern
ment.
1t is certainly confusing to layman
that, when the majority in the United
States are for "all aid" to Britain we
deliberately should consider urging
England tc break her blockade, thereby
giving victory to Germany. 1t surely
is our duty, as Americans, to urge Con-
gress to check any move in this direc-
ton.
Another subject of vital Importance is
the inexcusable silence of the Defense
Board as to the number of strikes which
have held up and are continuing to
hold up that which is vital to England
and to ourselves. From what read,
gather that words alone are to put the
men to work again through board of
mediation.
Is it credible that Congress is un-
able to take any action or force others
to do so in such matter? Is one
class the only class that is of interest to
the present administration? The Presi-
dent may be afraid of the labor class,
but are there no men left who believe
in fair play toward employer and en-
ploye alike?
Until our Representatives once more
recognize protection to private property
and to employer as well as to employe
as an American right and fearlessly
raise theii voices in strong protest
against strikes and class favoritism we,
the public, are forced to assume that
such class protection is either for the
vote of radical labor or expresses SYM
pathy for the Communistic element in
our land.
I see again that the administration,
Evening star., 1941-04-15

using the war to gain its long sought
goal of q huge Government electrical
monopoly, is combining with Canada
on the st. Lawrence Waterways Project.
AS agreement by Congress to the ap-
preparation for this project will be nee
essary, I can only earnestly hope that
our Congressman will vote against it.
Talk about aid to Britain is of little
avail unless we recognize and handle
the dangers in our own country. As
voter. ask: What is Congress going
to do about it? EDITH M. MILLER.
Evening star., 1941-04-15
Objects to Pretty Girls
In Military Parades.
To the Editor of The Star:

10 IIIt EUILUT OF ne star,
The solemnity and dignity of the
recent Army Day parade was definitely
cheapened and lowered by the spectacle
of chorus girls prancing and mincing.
Military and naval parades are pre-
sumably intended to impress watching
multitudes with the seriousness of war.
the prevailing feeling of impending war,
as exemplified by marching columns,
massed flags, battle-torn banners, gilt
tering and shifting lines of bayonets,
mechanized units
MISS LUCIA K. WILLIAMS.
Evening star., 1941-04-15

further large development of the trend
toward urbanization in the South and
West
THE trends in the distribution of
population in the United States from
decade to decade are no longer a func-
ton of the expanding frontier. Instead
they are tied to the dynamics of an in
dustrial economy"
Evening star., 1941-04-15

@. Is Hitler's "Mein Kampf" used as a
text book in the German schools?-
H. T. r.
A. "Mein Kampf' has been a compul-
sorry text book in German schools since
the beginning of the Nazi regime In
addition, all of the members of the Ger
man youth and military organizations
are forced to buy copies of the book.
@. When was the Townsend old-ags
pension bill defeated in Congress?-
c. R. T.
A. The bill was defeated in the House
of Representatives by vote of 3o2 to
81 on June l, 1899.
@. Please give the date of the Amer
ican Doll Show.-E. T. R.
A. The annual American Doll Show,
presented by the American Hobby Fed
Grafton, is being held at Hearn's Audi
torium in New York City and will close
on April 26.
@. Will the Federal Communications
Commission consider a complaint about
particular radio programme. D. H.
A. Yes, if the complaint deals with any
matter within the commissions jurisdic-
tions under the provisions of the Com
munications Act.
O. What Presidents served in the Civil
War?-D. w. w.
A. The following Presidents Of the
United States served in the Civil War:
Gen. U. S. Grant, Gen. Rutherford B.
Hayes, Maj. Gen. James A. Garfield, Brig.
Gen. Benjamin Harrison and Mai. Will
liam Mckinley.
@. Please give the inscription on the
Liberty Bell. A. l..
A. The inscription on the Liberty Bell
is Proclaim liberty throughout all the
land unto all the inhabitants thereof"
1t is from Leviticus, xxv.10.
O. Did P. T. Barnum leave a large
estate?-H C. L.
A. In his will Barnum disposed of an
estate of 81 100000.
@. Is it possible to grade examination
papers by machine?-C. l.. F.
A. A test scoring machine is now avail
able designed especially for use in insti-
tutions where tests of the objective type
are used in measuring academic achieve
ment, mental traits, etc. A machine
operator scores the tests at rate of from
400 to 300 an hour. No more time is re-
quired to score a sheet of 200 answers
than for one of or 10 by the ordinary
method.
@. How bright is the light of fire.
fly?-F. C. H
A. The actual light from single fire.
fly is very minute, averaging little more
than 25 thousandths of a candle power.
The insect will sometimes glow steadily
with light as low as 200 thcusandths
of candle power in intensity.
Evening star., 1941-04-15
Letters to the Editor

Letters to the Editor must
bear the name and address OF
the ioriter. although the use OF
a pSeudonynl for publication is
permissible The Star reSerUeS
the right to edit all letters Uith
q UleD to condensation.
Evening star., 1941-04-15
Expresses Appreciation Of News
And Comment On Jai AIai Fight,

To The Editor Of The Star:
am writing to thank you and your
staff for the excellent way in which you
have given the peoples side of the news
relative to the recent jai alai fight in
Montgomery County Your editorial in
the April issue of The Star was fine
piece of work.
I appreciate the space you gave to
our zoning petition with which my name
was associated, even though I knew
nothing of the plan to publish it and
would not have approved the use of my
name had known of the plans before
hand.
| want to suggest that what has been
accomplished in Montgomery County to
date is merely a prelude to what is to
come, for the people of Montgomery
County have made up their minds to
have a government of the people Keep
your ear to the ground and your powder
dry, and you will find plenty of big
news in Montgomery County within the
next year C. N. SMITH.
Silver Spring, Md.
Evening star., 1941-04-15
Wants to knock Out" Hitler
Without Further Delay.


To the Editor of The Star:
If there were killer loose In the
nelghborhood, a cunning. cruel inhuman
killer, would we barricade our doors,
hoping to be saved, and peek out of our
windows to watch him destroy our
friends next door or across the street?
We are part of this world and cannot
get out of 1t.
What in heavens name are we wait
ing for? Why not go and knock out
Hitler and his henchmen? So we might
save some of their victims and make
worth while the preservation of this
world We live in? AS for being prepared,
we will get war effort only when We are
at war. VERA FLANAGAN.
Mt. Rainier, Md.
Evening star., 1941-04-15

Nazis in Italy have confiscated
nearly all the olive oil for use in
the Reich, and are using banana oil
instead to lubricate the somewhat
creaky Italo- German friendship.
Evening star., 1941-04-15

Modern Manners-A 32-page au-
thoritative booklet in question and
answer form covering introduc-
tionS, invitations, acknowledge
ments, cards and calling, engage
ments, weddings, christenings,
funerals and table manners. An
up-to-date guide for correct be-
havior on all occasions. To secure
your copy inclose 10 cents in coin,
wrapped in this clipping, and mail
to The Star Information Bureau.
-------------------
Name
--------
Address
Evening star., 1941-04-15

O. Will a man who cannot read or
write be rejected in the draft?-L. H. S.
A. According to the regulations admin
istering the Selective Service and Train
ing Act, inability to read or write the
English language is not cause for re-
lection. selectee must be able, how
ever, to understand simple commands in
English.
Evening star., 1941-04-15

@. Please give the total figure for the
public and private debt In the United
States.-A. T. II.
A. On January 81, 1941, the public and
private debt in the United States totaled
S17s,0OO,0OOO 900. This represents sl,3545o
per capita.
Evening star., 1941-04-15
Huskin's Answers
To Questions
By Frederic J. HdSktr.

A reader can get the drswer to any
question OF fact By tpriting The Eve-
ming Star Information Bureau, Fred
eric J. Huskin, director, Washington,
D. c. Please inclose stamp for reply.
Evening star., 1941-04-15

@. What group of craftsmen in the
United States receives the highest
wages?-R. T. M.
A. Diamond cutters are the highest
paid. their wages ranging from s12o to
$l95 weekly.
@. When was the Lincoln Memorial
dedicated?-O. L.
A. The statue of Lincoln by Daniel c.
French was placed in position in 1920.
The Memorial was dedicated on May
30, 1922.
@. Please give the quotation from Dan
iel Webster beginning when my eyes
shall be turned to behold for the last
time."-A. M. D.
A. when my eyes shall be turned to
behold for the last time the sun in
heaven, may I not see Him shining on
the broken and dishonored fragments of
a once-glorious Union; on States dis
severed, discordant belligerent; on a
land rent with civil feuds, or drenched,
it may be, in fraternal blood" Second
speech on Foote's Resolution Ganuary
26, 1890.
@. What is the average age at which
students graduate from high SCHOOL,
L. T. E.
A. The average age of high school
graduates is 1928 years.
Evening star., 1941-04-15

@. Will the Federal Communications
Commission consider a complaint about
a particular radio programme. D. H.
A. Yes, if the complaint deals with any
matter within the commissions jurisdic-
tions under the provisions of the Com
munications Act.
Evening star., 1941-04-15
Member of the Associated Press

Entered as Second-class matter post ofhce.
Washington, D. c.
Evening star., 1941-04-15

@. Please give the date of the Amer
ican Doll Show.-E. T. R.
A. The annual American Doll Show,
presented by the American Hobby Fed
Grafton, is being held at Hearn's Audi
torium in New York City and will close
on April 26.
Evening star., 1941-04-15

@. When was the Townsend old-ags
pension bill defeated in Congress?-
G. r. T.
A. The bill was defeated in the House
of Representatives by vote of 3o2 to
81 on June l, 1889
Evening star., 1941-10-09
By Baroness Phantom
Make the Most of
Valued Vitamins
When CoOkine

What happens to vitamins when
you get up tasty meal? Does the
cooking destroy them? Are cooked
foods less desirable than raw?
The answer depends on how you
cook. 1t is true that some vitamins
tend to be destroyed by too long
cooking. But fortunately in the
majority of cases the most tasty
way of cooking will conserve most
of the vitamins.
Cook green and leafy vegetables
in the least possible amount of
water and serve the juices with
them. You'll not only have more
appetizing dish but conserve the
vitamins as well.
Don't use any preparation to re-
tain the color in vegetables for this
will destroy some of the vitamins
OF course it is important that the
food look appetizing. To achieve
eye-appeal, authorities recommend
cooking with the cover on only un-
til the vegetables are well heated
through. After that take the cover
off and let the steam escape.
The same thing applies to meats.
Don't overdo a roast or you'll cook
out much of its vitamin content