davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1941-09-08
PRINTING PRESS MONEY

Fiat money is paper currency which
has no tangible backing in the way of gold
or silver whereby it may be redeemed. 1t
is sometimes called printing press money,
because government may print 1t in un-
limited quantities, but it becomes of less
and less value as the amount in circulation
@ Thfee historic examples of fiat money
are fafnished by some 45 billion paper
francs issued i'm France following the
French Revolution, the issue Of 45s million
dollars in "greenbacks" by the United
States during the Civil War, and the orgy
Of initiation in Germany caused by the
printing of 518 quintillion paper marks in
connection with World War expenses.
With the exception of the United
States greenbacks, these paper currencies
eventually became worthless and were re-
pudiated by the governments issuing them.
AT one time the greenbacks so called be-
cause the backs of the bills were printed In
green ink, were worth only 35 cents on the
dollar, but their par value was later re-
stored by an act of Congress-
France repudiated her fiat paper eur
rency in 1897, burning all that was held by
the government and declaring the outstand-
ing remainder to be worthless. Similar re-
pudiation in Gernlanyin 1923 wiped out the
governments internal debt, but reduced
most Of the creditorvelass to poverty
In the Confederate States, although
paper currency was issued in good faith it
inevitably became worthless when the gov
efnment fell at the close of the Civil War
In fact, some time before the war ended it
took about $500 to buy barrel Of flour.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1941-09-08
WHITE HOUSE FiRsTs

The first occupants of the White
House were President and Mrs. John
Adams, in 1900, it then being called the
Presidents Palace. 1t was at first an UNI
painted building of gray stone, but after it
was burned by the British in 1914 it was
painted white, and became popularity
known as the White House.
President John Quincy Adams in
stalled the first billiard table, which caused
much criticism. The first gas illumination
was used by President Polk, and in 1851
the first bath tub and cook stove we're in
troduced by the wife of President Fillmore
The bath tub was condemned by certain
ministers as an unholy contrivance.
The first heating plant was installed
in 1853 by President Pierce, enabling the
occupants to he comfortable in winter for
the first time. President Benjamin Harri-
son had the first electric lights, but there
was no electric refrigeration until 1925,
when this was provided for President Cool
idge President Taft was the first to have
an automobile.
The first person to die in the White
House was President William Henry Har-
rison, after being in office only one month
The first wedding held there was that of
Miss Todd; niece of Dolly Madison, to John
&. Jackson Of Virginia. The first and only
President to be mafrisa in the White House
was Grover Clevelands and the only child
ever born there was his second daughter
President Theodore Roosevelt was the
first to use the name The White House Of
iicially by having it engraved on his station
cry. 1t had formerly been known as the
Presidents Palace, the Presidents House,
and the Executive Mansion.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1941-09-08
LEGALS

decimal places on the basis of his
bid
In the event that prior to the a.
livery OF the Debentures the irlconya
received by private holders from
bonds or debentures issued By pub-
lie housing agencies in oonuecfton
with fow-rent-housing or SLIM
clearance projects shall be taxable
by the terms of any Federal income
tax law hereafter enacted, the s,,e.
cessftii bidder may, at his election
be relieved of his obligations under
the contract TO purchase the De.
bentnres and in such case fha ae-
post accompanying his bid WIN 81
returned
Fer further Information annlv il
WALLACE 3. Kfrka Secretafv 9T tTxs
HppsinR Authority 81 the CIV IA
Key West, Florica, or to the Gn3tsd
states Housing Authority, interior
Building, North, Washington. b. d
THE HOUSING AUTHORITY OF
T Tfat,,6 CITY OF KEY WEST,
BY Wallace 2; Kirke.
nrD roRu Secretary
For the Housing Authority De-
bentures (Ffrst Issue) Series 4 e.
The Housing Authority Of the civ
Of Key West, Florida in the aggre-
gate principal amount OF $50 900
described Ia the notice ef sale at
tached hereto, which is made d part
of this proposal, We will pay par and
accrued interest 70 the date OF de-
livery, plus a premium Of
provided said Debentufes bear in
terest at the following rate or rates
per annum:
All the Debentures maturing in
the years ------- per cent
All the Debentures maturing In
the years - per cent.
This proposal is made upon the
understanding that the principal
and interest of the Debentures will
be payable at the office Of the First
National Bank In Palm Beach, In the
City of Palm Beach, State OF Flor
ida, the Fiscal Agent of The Hous-
ing Authority Of the City Of Key
West, Florida, Tor 1.-The principal
office of any successor Fiscal Agent
appointed pursuant to the resolution
authorizing the Debenturesl. or M
Marine Midland Trust Company of
New York, in the City Of New York,
State Of New York
The undersigned hereby agrees to
accept cellvefy Of and pay for the
above described DebeBtures, or in
term receipts therefor, within 4&
hours after notification BY The
Housing Authority Of the city Of
Key West, Florida. that such Der
bentures or interim receipts are
ready for delivery To secure the
faithful performance Of this bid, We
enclose q certified check payable to
The Housing Authority Of the City
II KEY West, Florida, in the amount
81 sI.649. being two per centum
per cent? Of the principal amount OF
ne Debentures offered for sale.
r1sfcsa il TO be returned to us prompt
u If We are not the successful bid
lars for such Debentures, IL this
M ii accepted, such certified check
NAH be applied toward the pay
aent 81 the purchase price OF the
,ebrhtures and shall be forfeited
undated damages in the event We
nail fail TO comply with the terms
this bid.
Very truly yours,
.nfs1g4I
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1941-09-08
BOTH ARE VALUABLE

Let's not make the mistake of under
estimating intelligence.
Too many people take every oppor-
tunity to say smart things about the man of
book intelligence, suggesting that they be-
lieve that this is big joke
No problem of the world will be solved
BY emotions No great benefit comes to the
world except through change. Thousands
of experiments would have been valueIess
mitheilta trained mind to read their mes
sages9and apply them truthfully. .s
1T all right for a man to take pride in
his experience, garhered through the years.
He has something that is distinctly an asset
to him. However, let him not underestimate
the value of so-called Intelligence, if
he has little Of it.
Experience and intelligence together
will solve many problems that neither alone
can handle. The man without either is
handicapped. He who pokes fun at intelli-
gence is as foolish as the book worm who
imagines he can understand life from read
ing between the covers Of the printed
page.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1941-09-08

WILL always seek the truth and print ii
without fear and without favor; never be
afraid to attack wrong or to applaud right;
always fight for progress, never be- the or
gan or the mouthpiece of any person, clique,
faction or class; always do its utmost for the
public welfare; never tolerate corruption or
injustice; denounce vice and praise virtue,
commend good done By Individual or organ
ization; tolerant Of others rights views and
opinions; print only news that win elevate
and not contaninate the reader; never COM
promise with principle.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1941-09-08

The ogre that Is waiting Just around

The ogre that is waiting Just around
the corner is the possibilItS of initiation,
Those who are supposed tn know say that
the program of the Administration to avoid
Initiation will not prove effective, that the
tax bin must be broadened to cover the in
come Of those in the lower brackets vino
enjoy the bulk Of the purchasing power,
and the price-control measure must be
-made all-inclusive. AS the bill stands it is
"a tax on potential savings and production,
and not tax upon purchasing power and
consumption.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1941-09-08
People in England cannot understand

People in England cannot understand
why big wig who has failed in d govern
-mend job always is given another as q sort
of pension A ease in point istnatlof Albert
Duff Cooper, recently the head Of the
Ministry Of information He failed and in
stead Of being dropped he is sent on asspe-
seial mission to the Far East # is thesSaIne
IN the United States. Whenever the peo-
pie vote out a governor, representative,
senator or some other prominent official,
President Roosevelt makes a place for him
somewhere at d good salary provided ne
is New Dealer or a pefsonified presiden-
tial tailcoat. The one exception that comes
ID mind is that Of David sholtz, former gov
ernor Of Florida, who through fawning OF a
IJriah Heepian sort, was fingered as the OBJ
ject Of Rooseveltian favor, after the explra-
ton 5f his term. Dave was left empty
handed, nor did the people elect him to the
senate when he tried his luck there.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1941-09-08
The war certainly will affect the aver

The war certainly will affect the aver
age American if he is prevented from buy
ing on the dollar down, dollar week
basis, bat it may help him to strengthen his
-wil:power to put aside for his needs def
Unite sum from his paycheck so that he can
.buy.for cash instead of on the cuff and save
a little on that basis. A, charge account al
ways mounts higher than cash trans
action.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1941-09-08
/ B G A 1 5
NOTICE or SALE

NOTICE OF SALE
xS2,Otp0
SERIES A HOUSING AUTHORITY
DEBEyTUREs fE'IHsT IsSuEl
or THE HOUSING AUTHORITY
or THE CITY OF KEY WEST,
FLORIDA.
Sealed proposals will be received
by The Housing Authority Of the
city Of Key West, Florida, thereln-
after referred TO as the "Authority'D,
at its office located at Joseph Yates
Porter Place, in the City OF Key
west, state OF Florida, at | p. NJ,
Eastern Standard Time on the 18th
DIN q fisffAt srber 1gA. farAthe sale
Of $50. 900 Of it's Series IA Housing
Authority Debentures tFirst Issue y
sdids FL 6ntiines " I'M 10 dated Qc-
4toheE Il. 1871. MIL heaof the de-
nomination of 81, 900 Zach, VIII bear
iritereat alta ratesios rates TO be de-
teranined as hereinafter provided,
payable semi-annually on April
and October /. anes will mature
,serially in numerical order ON The
first day Of April in each Of the
=
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1941-09-08

the Everready Star Club tonor.
row afternoon at her home as
members Of the group hold their
monthly meeting.
The program is scheduled for
$50 o'clock.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1941-09-08
- BY RffA FA3hiet AAhs8n

YESTERDAY: In order TO es-
cape HE Enlir of Ydhgsdr. tclso
has d nasty tody tcith ,Dhtte ris-
itors to the Monaghan desert.
Anne Willard has married Blaze
.Shertcood BY a nGtiee ceremony.
Bldze had saved the Emir's life,
and a ,oife tDas his REGARD Noic
they hare set out, ostensiblg 70
the castle that iDds supposed 10
haze been Afine's dotDrg dctual-
III they hope 10 reach The desert
camp of Anne's parents.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1941-09-08

It won't be long now before con
sentative newspapers, in this country and
Great Britain, will be referring to the Hon.
Joseph Stain
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1941-09-08
Mrs. Steadman
TO Play Hostess

Mrs Inez Steadfnan, 324 Eliza
beth street, will play hostess to
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1941-09-08
IMPROVEMENTS ron KEY WEST
ADVOCATED BY THE CITIZEN

! Wster and Sewerage.
2 More Hotels and Apartments.
3. Beach and Bathing Pavilion
4 AIrpcrts-Land and Sea-
s. Consolidation II County and City Gov
ernments.
A Modern CITY Hospital.
The Key West citizen. [volume] (Key West, Fla.) 1879-current, 1941-09-08

Subscribe to The Citizen, zoe
weekly.
Evening star., 1941-07-17
Draft Act and Politics
Limitations on SeIectees' Service Traced
To Prediction Timing for Passing Act

then were seething with debate on
such details as age limits, term of
service and pay, whether the act
should be made effective before or
after election, and whether the
sending OF selectees outside Ameri-
can territory, or the Western Hem
isphere, should be prohibited.
So 1t was throughout congress
Sional consideration Of the bill. The
House adopted, 207 to 200, the Fish
amendment, which would have
postponed the draft until accelera-
ton of volunteer enlistments had
been tried and proved a failure.
Mr.. Willkie stepped out to blast this
amendment, in defiance of the more
than f1ve-sixths of Republican rep
resentatives, who had voted for it,
but not so Mr.. Roosevelt.
The Army high command didn't
like the one-year limitation for
either selectees or National Guards
men. 1t liked even less the provi-
sion which differentiated these cate
gories from the Regular Army per-
sonnel by declaring that persons
inducted under this act shall not
be employed beyond the limits OF
the Western Hemisphere except in
the territories and possessions of
the United States, including the
Philippine Islands"
1t long has been evident that the
presidential strategy, thus pursued,
produced most unsatisfactory stat
ute, but from the partisan political
standpoint it was anything but a
failure. Mr.. WILKES espousal Of the
draft law in his acceptance address
split the Republican party, and his
subsequent opposition to the Fish
amendment intensified this break.
Blamed for Defeat.
Republican Congressman today in
sist that if Mr.. Willkie had kept still
on the draft issue it would not have
been pressed before election and
that, without it, their party would
have been successful. Further, the
Republicans say, If the question had
been left for the post-election Con-
gress to deal with, 1t would have
produced far more intelligent
and effective statute, and this in
ample time to meet the Army's need.
Ill proof of the latter assertion
it is pointed out that volunteers
continued to come in during the
summer and early fall months of
1910 faster than the Army could
house and equip them.
Wherefore it is argued that #
the enactment of a draft law had
been postponed for six months and
vigorous campaign for volunteers
had been instituted in the mean
time, as proposed by the Fish
amendment, the Army today would
be amply supplied with 3year serv-
ice men, unrestricted territorially
as to their use.
Evening star., 1941-07-17

Under the control Of the military,
rho are as strong as ever.
Emperor Hirohito himself is
now in full agreement with the
military leaders VINO started the
e,:pansionist war in 1881 when
;hey attacked Manchuria. And
there is no indication whatsoever
that they have loosened their grip
on the country.
During the last few days the
japanese War Department has
permitted the news to leak out
that important contingents of
troops are being now shifted from
China to the Hanchurian- -Sibe-
rian borders to reinforce the
Kwantung army. But these re-
ports are being discounted by the
observers in Toxic. There is no
doubt that some troops may have
heen transferred to the Siberian
border for any eventuallty. But
there is definite information
that the movement Of troops
toward the South which started
last May is still in progress and
that the main objective of the
new japanese government-re-
gardless of who the Foreign or
Prime Minister %ill be-Will re-
main for the time being Indo-
China and Thailand.
Evening star., 1941-07-17

discovered that for the first time
since the outbreak of the war
they were not supreme in the air
when they launched a combined
air and land attack against an
enemy.
Reports received from the Rus
sian front indicate that while in
certain sections there has been
flfth-column activities they did
not amount to much. But it is
feared these activities will become
more pronounced as the Germans
succeed in smashing the Soviet
defense lines. For the time being,
however, the German high COM
mand has found real resistance.
The stubborness of the Russian
peasant soldier Is such that the
Germans had to order into the
combat no less than three air
infantry divisions tparachutists
and the losses Of these elite force
are reported to have been heavier
than at any time since they began
to be used in large numbers in
May, 1910.
According to the latest reports.
there are some l20 German di-
visions on the Russian front.
These are exclusive OF the Fin
nish. Slovak. Hungarian and Ru-
manian forces. When the cam
paign against the U. S. S. r.
started only 80 divisions had been
identified on that front.
More Men Called Up.
Because Of the already heavy
losses and the prospect of still
heavier fighting the Germans
have ordered 100000 more men to
report for instruction and train
ing. II is expected that these
men who already have had the
necessary toughening and pre-
llninary training and the various
pre- military training organiza-
tons will be ready to go to what
ever front they may be needed
some time in November.
Evening star., 1941-07-17

period from the standpoint of Army
efficiency as it is a determination
that, If the one-year limitation is
to be removed, the President, not
Congress, shall be saddled With full
political responsibility for this &C
ton.
Immediately after passage of the
draft law in September, 1910, the
Representatives went home to cam
paign for reelection. Those who had
voted for the bill stressed its purely
defensive character. They pointed
to the provision which restricts the
service term to one year unless
Congress declares that the ma
| tional interest is in peril They
cited not only the western Hemi-
sphere" limit alton but the similar
promises OF the Democratic ma
tional platform and President
Roosevelt personally.
Insist on AlibI
Before they vote to remove these
limitations now, the Congressman
insist they must have an excuse
that will go down with their con-
stituents,
1t will be remembered that Mr.
| Roosevelt until well after his
third term nomination was achieved,
was very chary of declaring him.
self on the military draft issue.
Indeed. it was net until he was
assured by the interventionist
grapevine, which operated between
the rival party headquarters, that
Mr.. Willkie would support a draft
law. that the President decided 10
press for its adoption before the
presidential election.
Even rnen the President refused
to take responsibility for details of
the enactment. In his first formal
pronouncement on the subject, made
at press conference on August 2.
long after a draft bill had been
formulated by the Senate Military
Affairs Committee. he confined him
self to single sentence, as follows:
Il am in favor of selective train
ing bill and l consider it essential
to adequate national defense"
The congressional cloakrooms just
Evening star., 1941-07-17

heutenantS, acting constantly in
cooperation with Majority Lead
er Barkley. Whether the Byrnes
mantle is now to fall on the
shoulders of one of the active
younger members of the Senate
remains to be seen. Senator
OMahoney of Wyoming would
seem to be particularly in line
for it.
Not only has Justice Byrnes
retired from the Senate, but
death claimed Senator James
Hamilton Lewis of Illinois, Demo-
cratic whip of the Upper House;
Senator Pat Harrison OF Mis-
sissippi, chairman of the Finance
Committee sometimes a thorn
in the side of the administration
on tax matters but almost in
variably a loyal supporter and
worker for administration meas
ures), and Senator Morris Shep-
pard of Texas, chairman of the
Military Affairs Committee. An
other administration wheel horse,
Senator Wagner of New York,
has been away from the Senate
for half a year on account of
i'll health.
Senator OMahoney stands
out in group of potential
younger leaders among the Dem
ocrats-including Senators Hill
of Alabama, Lucas of Illinois,
Hatch of New Mexico, Brown Of
Michigan, Maloney of Connect
cut and Chandler of Kentucky.
One of Senator OMahoney's
most important services has been
the Craftsmanship of the Tenn
porary National Economic Com
mittee, which has made a COM
prehensive study of the economic
problems the country faces.
Wins Two Big Battles.
Within the last month, Sena-
tor OMahoney has been the
head and center of two sharply
successful floor battles in the
Senate. 1t was he who turned
back the vigorous attack made
by Senator Tydings on the nomi-
nation of Attorney General Jack
son to the Supreme Court.
Only week before he battled
the entire Appropriation Com
mittee and succeeded in reversing
the decision of that committee
to withdraw an appropriation of
$750,000 from Thurman Arnold,
spearhead of the antitrust drive.
The move to cut the Arnold ap-
preparation was powerful and
we'll organized, and friends of the
administrations trust buster were
convinced that the fight was lost.
Not so with O'Mahoney. When
he finished, the Senate sustained
him at the close of a full-day
debate, and by a substantial IA
vote majority on roll call, re-
stored the full appropriation.
The group of younger Demo-
Gratis in the Senate, necessarily,
will have their opportunity to
play their part, and at a time
when there is much at stake for
the country, whether this coun-
Evening star., 1941-07-17

the New Dealers present fantastic
figures of steel plants needed, but
when 1t comes to an increase of
10000, 900 tons, it is found that the
building Of the plants themselves
results in a usage of 1000 900 tons
of steel the first year that the plants
are being constructed.
So it is with the auto industry.
Curtailment of production means
unemployment and a serious STOP
page in the flow of motor vehicles
for the workers in defense plants
and possibly for the trucks needed
to carry materials from place to
place on account of alleged short
ages in rail transport. Again the
whole problem is one of timing and
planning and the tragic fact is that
an economic ministry to look at the
overall picture and make decisions
is not being appointed by the Presi-
dent.
Reproduction Rights ReservsdD
Evening star., 1941-07-17
By CONSTANTINE BROWN.

Military observers believe the
main German effort is now
centered on the occupation of
Kiev and Leningrad. They say
that If these two regions fall into
the hands of the Reich the re-
sistance on the Moscow front will
become useless and the Russian
forces will be compelled to with
draw to the third line of defense
some $50 miles behind Moscow.
The resistance of the Russian
forces has been remarkably stub
born. Troops which were ordered
to hold their ground did so re-
gardless of the fierce German air
and tank attacks and gave ground
only after whole divisions were
decimated. There has been un-
expectedly good cooperation be-
tween the Soviet air fleets and
the ground forces. On certain
parts of the front the Germans