davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star., 1941-11-27
Doubts Of Validity
Peril Bill for Custer
OF Federal Judges
Some Senators Question
House-Approved Plan
To Simplify Removals
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
Some senatorial doubts about con-
stitutionality stood in the way to-
day Of complete congressional ap-
proval for a bill, passed by the
House, that would permit simplified
proceedings for removal of Federal
judges on the ground of "misbe-
havior" without the usual recourse
to impeachment machinery.
A subcommittee of the Senate
Judiciary Committee held hearings
on the bill yesterday. Approval by
the full committee would be the
next step toward getting the meas
ure to the floor of the Senate for
action.
Supreme Court Justice Jackson
and Attorney General Biddle testi-
fled yesterday that the present
method Of Impeachment by the
House and trial by the Senate was
too cumbersome" and that the al
tentative of criminal trial could not
be invoked against some Federal
judges. Chairman Summers of the
House Judiciary Committee told
Senators the bill would help get
rid Of these crooked judges"
How Bill Would Operate.
Representative Summers explained
that under the House-approved bill
custer proceedings against any Fed
eral circuit or district judge could
be originated by the Attorney Gen.
eral or the House. and if the House
approved the resolution, civil trial
would be held by three Federal
judges appointed by the Chief JUS
tice Of the United States.
Senators were much too busy to
be trying minor Federal judges, Rep
resentative Summers said adding
that was why he as chairman of the
House Judiciary Committee had re-
fused to start impeachment action
against Judge j. Warren Davis, who
resigned as Third Circuit Court
judge within the week.
Both Justice Jackson, former At
torney General, and Mr.. Biddle, his
successor, mentioned Judge Davis
by name as an example Of the difi-
Guilty in removing a Federal judge
Judge Davis resigned after juries at
Philadelphia twice disagreed in try
ing him on conspiracy charges.
Justice Jackson said that "even
in the case of Judge Davis, where
the man who was supposed to have
paid the bribe money pleaded guilty
that jury finds there was no bribe
taken"
Davis Salary Not Stopped.
Mr.. Biddle said that Judge Davis
during these trials admitted using
his judicial influence on location OF
gas stations. Later. Mr.. Biddle told
reporters that the resignation OF
Davis does not stop his $4,000
salary.
Senators O'Mahoney. Democrat, Of
Wyoming, Kilgore, Democrat, Of
West Virginia and Danaher, Re-
publican of Connecticut each raised
the question of constitutionahty Of
the bill. They noted that the Con.
stitution prescribed tenure during
good behavior" for Federal judges
and removal through Impeachment,
by the House and trial by the Sen
ate.
Mr.. Biddle and three House MEM
bers, Representatives Summers
Hobbs, Democrat, OF Alabama and
Kefauver, Democrat, OF Tennessee,
all testified that the measure was
constitutional because it involved
removal. not impeachment, adding
that the Senate still retained its
powers to try the President, a JUS
tice Of the Supreme Court or other
ofiicials impeached by the House.
Evening star., 1941-11-27

Magazines disgusting lie that ap-
peared in that magazine"
International authorities declare
that never before in the whole his
tory of American diplomacy has the
United States Government publicly
apologized to a foreign government
for anything printed in the Ameri-
can press. Literally thousands Of
times, foreign governments have
protested such publications as sour
r1lous and untrue and calculated
to do great harm, just as the Chilean
government did In this instance.
Quite often American officials
have sympathized completely with
these foreign complaints. But al
ways before their official reply has
been that however much the United
States Government might deplore
the offending publication, there was
nothing 1t could do about it because
the American press is free and our
constitution forbids any law "abrid-
ing freedom of the press"
Castle Recalls Incidents.
William r. Castle, Undersecre-
tary Of State during the admins
trations of President Coolidge and
Hoover, today recalled his own ex-
perience with this regard.
1T was a rare morning in the
early 1930s," Mr. Castle said, when
1 did not receive a call from the
Italian Ambassador, Giacomo de
MARITIME. for the purpose Of pro-
testing some article or speech which
attacked Premier Mussolini or his
Fascist regime. Sometimes the
statements made were atrociously
untrue and I told the Ambassador
that 1 personally so regarded them
But always the official reply was
the same-that the American press
is constitutionally free and the Gov
ernment is forbidden by the Con-
stitution to censor 1t.
I'm addition to official encroach-
ment on freedom of the press, which
the Presidents statement clearly
implies. State Department people
must be concerned over the dip
lomatic precedent it creates When
foreign governments protest against
American press attacks hencefor-
ward. the American Government
either must apologize or leave itself
open to the implication that 1t ap-
proves of what was said Certainly
other governments will not fail tc
cite this Chilean case in asking that
the same action be taken respect
ing publications offensive to them.
President Within Rights.
Mr.. Castle, and other diplomatic
authorities who took the same view
emphasized that their criticism was
entirely aside from the truth OF
falsity of the article concerned. The
President. they assert. has perfect
right to blast any American publi-
cation or speaker. whose statements
he disapproves. He has right, fur
ther. to tell foreign governments or
individuals that he regards such
statements as disgusting lies" dam
aging to democratic solidarity and
hence helpful to Adolf Hitler
But the vital point, these authori-
ties say, is that the United States
Government now for the first time
assumes responsibility for a pro-
tested press statement by formally
apologizing for it. If this becomes
accepted practice, they insist, it in
evitably must lead to censorship. he
cause the Government cannot per-
NIT either newspaper or private in
dividuals to speak for it.
tReleased by North American Newspaper
Alliance)
Evening star., 1941-11-27
Rios Ordered Arrested
II He Enters Panama
By the Associated Press,

By the Associated Press.
PANAMA, Panama, Nov. 27.-The
provisional arrest of Anibal Rios,
Third Vice President of Panama in
the overthrown Arnulfo Arias re-
gime, was ordered last night by
the district attorney.
Rios. now in Colombia, claims the
presidency. He was serving as this
country's envoy to Peru when a
coup unseated AriaS and the First
and Second Vice Presidents stepped
aside.
The order for his arrest If he
should come to Panama was based
on charges by a government in
vestigating committee involving al
legged financial Irregularities in the
conduct Of the ONCE Of secretary of
public instruction and agriculture
when Rios held it, 1936-40.
Evening star., 1941-11-27
Hawkes. Demands 2-Bi|Iion
Cut in Government Cost
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
NEWARK, N. j.. Nov. 27.-Albert
W. Hawkes., president of the Cham
ber of Commerce of the United
States, called last night for strong
national effort to compel savings of
at least two billion dollars" in Fed
eral non-defense spending in the
next fiscal year.
Addressing 300 New Jersey busi-
ness. industrial and agricultural
leaders at State Chamber of Com
merce forum on cutting Govern
ment expenses, Mr.. Hawkes. added,
TT Is probable that savings of one
to two billions also could be real
lied annually in State and local
governments throughout the United
States"
I'VE know that our National Gov
ernment cannot go on year after
year with expenditures vastly ex-
ceeding revenues" he declared. I'VE
know that to pursue this policy in
definitely must lead eventually to
catastrophe"
Evening star., 1941-11-27
President s Apology
For Aguirre Story
Seen as Precedent
Diplomats Hold Action
May ConceivobIy Lead
To Press Censorship
By JAY G.. HAYDEN.

President Roosevelt has broken
many long established precedents
and nothing he has done previously
in this line was more weighted with
consequences than his statement on
Tuesday that "the Government OF
the United States has been forced
10 apologize to the government of
Chile for an article written in Time
Evening star., 1941-11-27
Body Of Man Recovered
From River Unidentified

The body Of 4 man about so Of
s. years old, taken from the Ana
costa River late yesterday, lay un-
claimed today In the District
Morgue. The body was recovered
near the Benning Bridge.
Coroner A. Magruder Macdonald
said his information indicated the
death was accidental, but he was
Withholding certificate pending
Identification Of the victim.
The man was described as having
brown hair, gray eyes and no teeth,
feet II inches tall and Weighing
1855 pounds. He was wearing q gray
overcoat.
Evening star., 1941-11-27
Funeral Services Held
For John Wilson

Funeral services were held yes
terday near Louisa, Va. for John
Wilson, attorney. who died at his
home there on Monday after a long
illness.
He attended Hampden Sydney
College and was graduate of the
law school of the University Of
Virginia. He practiced law in Rich
mond and Hopewell, Va, until
forced to retire because OF ill health.
He leaves his wife and nve BROTH
ers and sisters, Mrs. E. E. White,
Wellville, Va; Mrs. o. H. Pattie,
Waynesboro, Va; Pym Wilson,
Suffolk, Va; Jerome Wilson, Well
vile, and Maj. Hampden Wilson OF
Washington.
Evening star., 1941-11-27
Coves Scout Headquarters

Chiselhurst Caves in England are
now the headquarters OF a new
Scout Troop and Wolf Cub Pack,
formed by boys who are among
those using the caves - Ar raid
Evening star., 1941-11-27

New Zealand shipped 100000 op-
possum skins to other countries
this year.
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1941-06-07
Food Stamp Plan
VIII COUer State

Extension of the federal food STAMP
plan for distribution Of surplus foods
to 18TH households receiving public
assistance throughout the Remainder
Of Montana for the benefit Of farmers
and eligible needy participants was
made possible when United States Sec
rotary Of Agriculture Claude r. Wick
ard announced the selection Of the
balance of the state for operation OF
the plan.
The plan, which has been success
fully operating In Cascade, Missoula.
Silver Bow, Valley, Yellowstone, Car
bon and Fergus counties, win be ex-
tended statewide as soon as necessary
details can be completed within each
county and the needed machinery Is
set up for operations, Charles r. Kun
KEEL, acting regional director of the
surplus marketing administration In
San Francisco, announced.
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1941-06-07
900 Chinese Waged War at Virginia City Over Gold Lease
One Chinese Topped Off Anothers Head With Sharp Shovel

The old Chinese Masonic temple
at Virginia City has long been
down. nc made history. Forty years
ago X was the fraternity house,
church. br0thel and gambling he'll
Of the Alder gulch colony Of Chi
nese-the meeting place OF 200 or
800 Cinnamon. It Is reputed TO
have been, at one time, western
headquarters Of Chinese Masonry
IN the United States, but certainly
IL was dedicated TO other uses.
Murder was said to have been done
within its walls, but never we're the
officials able to fix crime upon the
killers. Those who enjoyed its hos
pitality and protection may have been
witnesses to tragedy, but their lips
were sealed. Within the temple was
Matched a tong war in which every
member of the colony was arrayed
either on one side or the other, and
which caused the death in battle Of
two men, and the murderers, although
caught red-handed, and once sentenced
to death, through oriental cunning
walked out of the Virginia City JAIL
under the eyes of the jailor, and es-
capped.
Stood On PrOmOntOry
The temple stood on a little prom
ontory at the towns entrance-at right
ginia City begins. It doomed high in
the skyline, an oriental outpost ON the
borders of western barbarism. 1t filled
the eve of the wayfarer as the stage
driver gave his whip the final crack
and dashed around the corner and up
the main street on the last leg of his
Journey.
After the white placer miners had
taken the cream Of the millions in
--,T-5 xv-Y-SoT. xrra4.a mo from tina hnrc
Of Alder gulch, came the Chinese
miners. They were very clever in placer
mining. They could make good wages
where white miners would starve. The
first working Of the sands Of Alder
glilch was careleSsly done, and rich
piclSings were left for the Chinese, SO
along in 1870, when the white miners
were seeking other diggings, the zulch
teemed with yellow men. For quar-
sands at a profit, until, the diggtngs
exhausted, they, like the white men
who had gone before them, took their
departure. Its votaries gone, there are
none left to Kowtow before the great
Joss. Budda, neglected, turned his face
away, and the old temple vanished.
This Chinese temple was the social
center OF all these yellow men, flush
with money, and it was little para
disc to them. OUTSIDE It's threshold
they were alien Inside they were back |
in old Cathay, where they counseled |
and fought, fraternized and gambled,
or made love, after their fashion. In |
one spacious room they burned In
cense and said their prayers to the |
old gods of China; another large room |
was devoted to the service of the Chi |
nese Bacchus. Here amid the fumes of |
the demon of the red poppy they
dreamed dreams of the land of the
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1941-06-07
HESSIAN SOLDIER
HERO'S ANCESTOR

General George A. Custer, who
was killed with all his command at
the Battle of the Little Big Horn,
was the descendant of a Hessian
soldier, who was with Lord Corn
wallis when the British surrendered
at Yorktown, the last battle of the
Revolutionary war. The HeSsian's
name was Kuster. He remained in
the United States after the war
ended, married a Yankee girl and
raised an American family, and
lived long enough to see the con-
querOr of the proud British noble
man become the president of the
United States.
General George Custer, the brave
soldier who dedicated with his life the
battlefield on the Little Big Horn
which bears his name, when his en-
tire command was wiped out by the
hostile Sioux, was the descendant Of a
Hessian soldier who fought with the
British forces against George Wash
ington and the colonists.
This Hessians name was Kuster. He
was a lieutenant and was with Lord
CORVALLIS at Yorktown. When Kuster,
with his soldiers, marched out Of York
town with his regimental band play
ing "The World Turned Upside Down"
and watched his men stack their arms
In surrender, he resolved, once his mill
itary Imprisonment was over, to settle
down in the young country which had
lust won her liberty.
1t was not the country itself or the
idea of liberty that appealed to Kus-
ter, the Hessian, although he consid-
cred these all well enough in their way.
He was young. In the months when he
was locked up in yorktown, he mas
tered English, and pretty young CO.
Ionial had promised him that, when
the war was over, If he would remain
in this country and become a good
American citizen, she would marry him.
Changed Family Name
That is the story of how the Amer
lean family of Custer was founded
The Hessian remained. The girl made
good her promise. Sons came. Imbued
with the American spirit, they wanted
to forget all about the Hessian origin.
They Americanized the HeSsian name
Of Kuster by substituting a "C' for
the *"
Not quite 100 years after the sur
render of CORVALLIS, the descendant
of this Hessian soldier passed out glor-
iously on q field which Montana and
all those who take pleasure in the
Of the American army
delight to do honor.
The story of Clusters last fight is q
familiar one to every schoolboy IN
Montana. Suffice to say that he had
more men under his command than
fought to save Greece at Thermopylae,
With this difference: of the 800 men
who defended Greece against the Asian
horde at that age-old battle, there
was a messenger to tell how all but
.he narrator had died fighting; and Of
Clusters fight there was no survivor.
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1941-06-07

Facts to help the homemaker when
she buys and uses fats and oils are
given in the new leaflet No. 204-Fats
and Oils for Cooking and Table Uses.
A free copy may be obtained from the
United States department Of agricul-
ture. washington. D. G.
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1941-06-07

BUTTE-Paying honor to deceased
members, the Butte Pioneer club held
its annual memorial services. Eighteen
members have passed away since
June /, 1870.
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1941-06-07

Showing Of love films has been ban
ned in Yunnan province Of China by
the government, which holds that mo-
ton pictures should exhort patriotism
and determination to resist aggression
to the end"
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1941-06-07

Hogs are more susceptible TO chicken
tuberculosis than are chickens them
selves, United States department Of
agriculture investigators have found
IT h haxaxd0us to allow chickens to
run In the sans Lot with hogs.
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1941-06-07

jail before the eyes Of the unsuspecting
lailer, and escaped.
They were never apprehended-
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1941-06-07

some New York department stores
now sell automobiles.
Montana oil and mining journal. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1931-1953, 1941-06-07

The late Mrs. Martha EdgertOn
Plassman before her death wrote
the following account Of early day
life In Montana and OF q steamboat
trim tn 81 Toufs
Evening star., 1941-09-23
Natures Children
Blue Swallow-Tail
(Papilio philenor)
By LILLIAN cox ATHEY

| Names for some of our fairy
creatures are sometimes misleading.
| The sWallow-tail butterflies are es-
pecially beautiful but the blue swal-
low-tails have a metallic sheen of
greenish-blue on their wings rather
than decidedly blue color. When
you see this butterfly in the sum
shine you are delighted with the
sight of the apparent flowing of
the color upon the velvety surface
whenever the insect flies about
What actually happens is that the
reflected light from the blue and
black interviewer scales that clothe
the membrane of the wings, on
catching the light. gives back this
play of colors. If you place the
butterfly under a magnifying glass,
the wings appear to be made of
exquisite tapestry There is border
of light spots on their upper side
and on the under side they have
bright orange markings that appear
to be held fast by tiny stitches.
Believe it or not. the males in this
group have tiny sachet pockets 10
Gated on each hind wing. 1t is diff
ficult to find, as it is hidden in a
fold of the wings inner margin
But it carries a bit of fragrance
that is unmiStakable.
The blue swallow-tails are large
butterflies having wing expanSe
of to Az inches. These lovely
insects are never found in large
numbers in the northern part of
the United States. But they pros
per as far as Pittsburgh and from
there southwark and also on the
Pacific Coast they are common.
The winter is passed in the chrys-
aid state. If the weather is genial
in February. in the North, the beau
tiful blue swallow-tailS will emerge.
But this unseasonal debut is fatal,
for these creatures must have food.
When their natural supply of nee
tar is ready-when the Virginia
snake-root and the Dutchman's pipe
have this refreshment to serve. the
blue swalloW-tail mothers will be
ready to anchor their eggs on the
leaves of these plants. They are
arranged very neatly together and
are held fast by glue manufac-
tured for the purpose. This is what
most likely turns them brown and
inconspicuous
These eggs hatch during the lat
ter part of July. The small creep
ers are clad in a pale mahogany
brown with very high gloss. There
are four rows of tubercles which |
gradually diminish in size toward |
the caudal end of the body. They |
are timid babies, seemingly deter
mined to keep together at all costs |
When taking their food they always |
arrange themselves in neat, tight |
rows and eat and rest with bodies
touching.
At the age of three days, their |
birthday skin is too tight. On a !
dainty mat of fresh silk, the old |
garment is shed for a more roomy |
one, and when the old skin peels |
off and falls away, you are aston
ished to see very different appear
ing caterpillar-clad in dull choco-
late-brown, decidedly pronounced |
warts on the first segment that has
a suggestion of horns. There is |
a slight dull yellow caste to them
that relieves the monotony of the
lusterless brown of the back. If |
disturbed, these wee fellows will |
turn their gas bombs free. other
Evening star., 1941-09-23

brown, and horns of wine red, and
these horns reach a length of 12-
inch, tapering and very flexible.
The owners used them for testing,
like a blind person with a cane, and
by now the caterpillar is 3 inches
long and ready to pupate-by late
August, sturdy chrysalides will be
anchored to a twig in the usual
swallow-tail style.
Evening star., 1941-09-23
500 GoIIinger Employees
To Get Raises Oct.

Nearly 500 employees of Gallinger
Hospital will get pay raises October
under the new Mead-Ramspeck
promotions bill, DR.. Edgar A. Bo-
cock, hospital superintendent, in
formed officers of the United Fed
eral Workers yesterday, according to
a statement issued by the union.
Representatives of the organiza-
ton conferred with DR.. Bocock yes
terday and presented a number of
grievances on behalf of the unions
membership at the hospital. Fur
ther conferences are planned with
the District Commissioners, the U.
F. w. A. statement said.
Evening star., 1941-09-23
Cav Named to Direct
'Wuynesboro Chest Rally
Special Dispatch to The Star.

special DlSpatch TO The Star.
WAYNESBORO, Va, Sept. 23.-
Charles S. Cav will serve as cam
paign chairman for the Waynesboro
Community Chest drive, tentatively
set for the week october 27 to No
vember l, it has been announced by
C. c. Leap, Chest president. Mr..
Cav was one of the early advocates
of a Community Chest plan for
Waynesboro, being organized this
year for the first time.
Evening star., 1941-02-19
By the Associated Press.


NEW YORK. Feb. l9.-The bond
market slipped for losses of fractions
to around a point and in some cases
more today.
Selling, light at all times but
fairly persistent, centered in the
rails for the most part but many
issues in this group attracted bids
as prices backed away and were up
from the days lows as the session
neared the final hour.
Traders we're perturbed by the war
news of the Near East and the Far
East. Both the Bulgarian Turkish
pact and Japanese intentions in the
Pacific we're so clouded in mystery
and subjected TO such various inter
pretations that operators were timid
concerning new commitments.
Among the more active issues on
the doWnSide were New Haven 3l2s,
Nickel Plate 412s and 512s, Missouri
Kansas-Texas 5s of 80, Interna-
tional Telephone SIS, Commonwealth
Edison convertible 3l2s of SO, Balti-
more e. Ohio convertible stamped
IS and Allegheny stamped IS of so.
United States Governments va
RED by only small degrees in eX-
tremely light dealings,
Foreign government dollar loans
we're somewhat irregular, with at
tention centered chiefly on the
Latin American issues.