davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1941-12-20
InqersoI| Is Given
Atlantic Command:
Jap Transport Sunk
Heavy Battle Is Raging
At Dovoo; Big Force Is
Landed by Nipponese
BULLETIN.

Admiral Ernest ]. King has been named COM
mander of the United States Fleet and Rear
Admiral Royal E. Ingerson has been designated to
command the Atlantic Fleet Secretary of the Navy
Knox announced late today. Admiral Husband Kim
mel commanded the United States Fleet until the
shakeup several days ago in which he also relieved
of command of the Pacific Fleet
Admiral King, a native of Ohio. had commanded
the Atlantic Fleet since February l. Rear Admiral
IngersOl is a native of the District.
American submarines slaShing at Sea-borne japanese
invasion forces credited by the Navy today with sink
ing IAN additional enemy transport while United States
armed forces in the Philippines bated new japanese
thrust Mndanao Island
The Navy communique gave no details Of the trans
port sinking 1t said Cavite Manila suffered heavy
bombing raid at yesterday which caused prop
erty damage but only slight casualties There nothing
the communque said
japanese attack Mindanao centered the city
transports unoaded of SOL
diers. Heavy fighting reported raging.
Meanwhile defenders of Hong Kong Brans No naval
continued off the
although conservative opinion British military
that Hong Kong all but lost.
Japanese transport merely referred enemy
sunk subma
beginning the December 49, in
said had sunk and
that one enemy destroyer probably had been sunk
reports today Wake Midway Islands.
reported that Wake had
additional air raids.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1941-12-20
Iona and Hard War Ahead,
GoebbeIs Says in Editorial

BERN. Switzerland, Dec. 20 (P.-
Propaganda Minister Paul Joseph
Goebbels of Germany told Axis read
ers today that 1.-The changed world
picture" had now made it neces-
sary to count on long and hard
war.
His weekly front page article in
Das Reich argued that the better
(See HITLER, Page A-4D
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1941-12-20
Dr.. Yen, Former Envoy
Here, Is Reported
Captured by laps
Ex-Premier Of Chino
Token OF Hong Kong,
Nonkine Dispatch Says
By the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
BERN, Switzerland, Dec. 20.-A
D.N.B. dispatch from Marking said
today that w. w. Yen, former
premier OF China and Chinese min
lister to the United States, had been
captured by Japanese troops who
overran the mainland portion of
Hong Kong.
DR.. Yen, 64-year -old alumnus Of
the University of Virginia, has been
one of Chinas foremost diplomats
and administrators for 20 years. He
has held the posts OF premier and
foreign minister on several occasions
and has been Ambassador to Soviet
Russia and minister to Britain and
Germany as well as to the United
States.
Attaches at the Chinese Embassy
here said they had heard report
that DR.. Yen had been captured,
but had not received confirma ton.
They recalled that DR.. Yen was
in Washington as Chinese Minister
for a few months in 1881. He was
still designated as Minister in 1882,
but spent most of that year in
Geneva as one Of Chinas delegates
to the League Of Nations.
At that time the Embassy was a
legation, and during DR.. Yen's alb
sence its affairs were handled by
DR.. Hawklin Yen, who was Charge
d'Affaires.
Born in 1877, DR.. Yen came to the
United States in 1895 and attended
Episcopal High School in Alexan-
dria and then the University of Vir-
ginia, where he studied law and the
liberal arts. He received his bache-
lor of arts degree from the university
in the spring Of 1900 and returned
to China later that year.
Several Chinese leaders have made
their homes in Hong Kong in recent
years. Some Of these, including
Finance Minister H. H. Kung and
Nine. Sun Yat-sen. widow of the
founder of the republic, were flown
to safety in the Chinese interior
shortly after the japanese siege
began.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1941-12-20
Americans Fell
Jops Trying to
Ruid kunminq
BY the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press.
CHUNGKING, Dec. 20.-Ten
Japanese warplanes which at
tempted to raid Running, on the
Burma Road, were heavily engaged
for the first time today by an in
ternational air force and four of
them were shot down without loss
to the defenders, reports to high
Chinese quarters said.
The international air force is
composed exclusively of American
volunteers who resigned from United
States armed forces to serve in
China.
They are led by quiet, dark,
wiry man whose card reads, Col.
claire L. Chennault, commander of
1st A. v. G."
"A. v. G." stands for American
Volunteers Group"
He came to China four years ago
from his home in Southern Louisi-
ana after retiring from the United
states Army and became adviser to
tin Chinese air force.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1941-12-20
Cut Reported Agreed On
1h-BiIIion Non-Defense

A special 14-man Economy Com
mittee studying methods of curtail-
ing Government non-defense ex-
penditures was reported reliably to-
day to have agreed on reductions
totaling about 81 500 900 900 for the
fiscal year beginning next July l.
Members said most of the sug-
gested reduction would come in al
locations for work relief, the Ma
tional Youth Administration and
the Civilian Conservation Corps
The committee, composed of Sec
rotary of the Treasury Morganthau.
Budget Director Harold Smith and
a dozen legislators. will make public
its recommendation Monday.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1941-12-20
Superior
InMateria| and
Men, He Admits
Any Kind Of Apparel
Asked as Protection
Aquinst Bod Winter
py the Associated Press.

BY the Associated Press
NEW YORK, Dec. 20-Through
his Propaganda Minister, Paul
Joseph Goebbels, Adolf Hitler to-
day appealed to the German
people to contribute warm cloth
ing to the German Army, saying
it was opposed in the east by IAN
enemy who is superior in num-
bers and material"
This statement appeared in a
proclamation which Dr. GoebbelS,
in a radio address, said the Fuehrer
had commissioned him to read.
It's authorship appeared in full
transcript of DR.. Goebbels' address
by the N. B. C. listening post in
New York A London transcription
of the speech had attributed the
remark on Russian strength to DR..
Goebbels himself.
The Fuehrer's statement did not
limit Germany's inferiority in ma
terial and numbers to the Russian
front but, by implication, applied
to all nations fighting Germany.
Fuehrer's Proclamation.
The Hitler proclamation, read by
DR.. Goebbels, said, in part:
German people! Except for air
attacks, the German homeland is
not threatened, but millions of our
soldiers stand after year of heav-
lest battles against an enemy who
is superior in numbers and in mate
rial on the front"
Germany went to war with Russia
six months ago.
DR.. Goebbels appealed to the Ger
man people to give winter clothing
for German troops in Russia and
elsewhere.
TT Is thanks to them that we car
celebrate Christmas this year, even
if it is modest" Goebbels said.
The speech launched a supple
mentary campaign for collection OF
overshoes. blankets, gloves, fur-lined
clothing, sweaters, scarves and any
other kind of apparel to preserve
our soldiers against the bitter cold"
Soldiers Sacrifices Cited.
"The Fatherland would not de-
serve one quiet hour, If one soldier
on the Russian front had to go with
out adequate clothing Goebbels
said
There are innumerable articles of
winter clothing at home which we
cannot give up very easily, but we
cannot compare our sacrifices with
those OF the soldiers in this war win
ter.
I'VE all at home have a roof above
our heads, we have bed to sleep on
we have entertainment and. although
our food rations are not large. they
are better than those Of most Euro
pean countries.
"I know how necessary it would
be for you to keep what you have,
but the German soldiers need it and
they must come first. ~
Lists Articles Needed.
DR.. Goebbels then gave long list
of articles the soldiers need.
I'VE cannot send the soldiers home
yet" he said That is only possible
after the war is over. but we can send
to them a piece of their homeland"
The propaganda chief read an ap-
peal by Hitler, who said the great
est front of all time" will be held
until the final destruction of Ger
nnanys most dangerous enemy.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1941-12-20
Tropical Park

FIFTH .RAcE-Purse. $1,000: claiming;
3.year-olds and I'D: furlorse.
Pomiva DAY 500 $50
On Shore fPhillips) 4.30
Time, 1888.
Also ran-Boy Angler. Charitable,
Dunade and Early Delivery.
SIXTH RACE-Purse $4,000 Inaugural
Handicap, 3-year-olds and upward 6 fur
Aboyne Ksllyl z---71.6O $3.50 1890
Maechance CHowelD $40
Time liz As.
Also ran-City Talk. Donna Leona,
Q Speed to Spare, Clyde Tolson, The Chief.
Doublrab, Happy Lark, Benefactor, q Mrs.
T. Christopher.
Al. q. Grafton entry.
SEVENTH RACE-Purse, 81 900: claim
ing: 3-year-olds and up: / mile and 20
yards.
Busy Man tBreen) 740 800
RAhanee Uaurich) $50
Time, 1:46h.
Also ran-Nosy. Iron Bar, 9ab1y Boot,
lnconoeivabls and Iesenda. u
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1941-12-20
Soviets Place Losses
OF Foe al 10000
In Last Two Weeks
Other Villages on Centre
Front Are Added to
Russians Claims
BULLETIN.

NEW YORK tP.-The Brit
ish radio announced late to-
day that the Russians had re-
captured Volokolamsk. IS
miles west and slightly north
Of Moscow. In the German
advance on Moscow this town
was the scene of some of the
fiercest fighting. N. B. c. re-
corded the B. B. C. broadcast.
BY the Associated Press.
MOSCOW, Dec. 20.-The Red
Army's grand offensive from North
ern Karelia to Southern Ukraine has
cut down the size OF retiring Axis
divisions by more than 10000 men
in two weeks, Russian reports said
today.
Soviet units operating in a sector
of the Leningrad front were de-
clared by the Soviet Information
Bureau to have slain 1000 Germans,
captured the railway station b
otherwise unNentified-and seized
a large quantity of provisions and
war material in a three-day battle.
The Communist party newspaper
Pravda said Soviet units killed 1000
Germans and recaptured 80 villages
yesterday in the Donets Basin area.
Other villages on the central
front we're added to the Soviet list
of gains in which $1,000 Germans
were declared to have been killed,
wounded and captured since De-
cember 7.
Izvestia, the government news
paper, said German assaults on
Sevastopol had been thrown back
on the whole front outside that
Crimean naval base which was iso-
lated by the German drive from
the Perekop Isthmus to Kerch.
The report said Soviet artillery
and planes helped block Nazi mo-
torized columns and ground forces
had inflicted heavy German losses
German troops VINO once were
more than halfway around the
capital thus had been thrown back
violently both above and below It,
The invaders of Kiln. Kalinin and
Vysokoe were reported battered
westward earlier this week
Russia reported a week ago that
$4,000 invaders had been killed be-
fore Moscow and % of an original 81
divisions had been smashed, sur
rounded or routed between Novem-
Der 16 and December 10.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1941-12-20
Charles Town

FIFTH RACE-Purse, 500: allowances:
3-year-olds and up: about furlongs.
. Fritz fCritchheld) $40 $50 go
Randles Queen (Cowley) 14.40 $50
Glorious Time tScocca) EGO
Time, 1:31
Also ran-Fair Hero. Becomely, Viva
cious, q Gran Cosa and Time Her.
AN. MacSchewbel entry.
SIXTH RACE-Purse, 81 900. Waterford
Handicap; 3-year-olds and up; \. miles.
Jungle Moon Carr 1910 $40 40
Ranches Girl tWitmer 900 500
Lauderkin (Scocca) 40
Also ran-Storminess, Rough Time,
Q Wire Me, Orinoco.
Mrs. J. Y. Christmas-Mrs. NJ. r. Lewis
entry.
SEVENTH RACE-Purse, 500; claiming:
3-year-olds and up; 2 miles
Bahia Root $50 $50 ESQ
Mystic Man (Eversole) $50 300
Peppery (Dufford) 40
Time. 3.47.
Also ran-Brookie Boy. The Loom, Quill,
Ensle's Hope and Court Blenhein.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1941-12-20
Thames Area Ruided

LONDON, Dec. 20 @.-Heavy
anti-aircraft fire against air raiders
broke out along the Thames Estuary
early tonight. Machine-gun- FIRE
aloft could be heard plainly.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1941-12-20

NEW YORK. Dec. 20 tP.-
Stocks mixed; leaders follow slim
groove. Bonds narrow; some
Latin American issues up. For
eign exchange quiet; generally
unchanged.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1941-12-20
Position Held Hopeless.
Housing Bill in Conference

The House today sent to confer
ence with the Senate the Lanham
bill authorizing an additional $780,
900 900 appropriation for emergency
housing facilities in defense areas.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1941-12-20
Looting Warning Issued
By Gen. Macarthur

BY the Associated Press.
MANILA, Dec. 20.-An increase
in looting caused Gen. Douglas
Macarthur to issue public warn
ing today that persons found guilty
might face the death penalty.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1941-12-20
Late News Bulletins


Baking WeIders Fired, Cited to Draft Boards
LOS ANGELES Oq-Thirty five welders who laid down
their tools heralded national stopwork movement
discharged today and escorted from the California Shpyards
plant General Manager John A. McCone said they all
who needed the call out of claimed United Welders
bership among the plants LOO welders The
given draft boards and they replaced
mediately without affecting ship production.
Vichy Plans Neutrality, Leohy Reports
Admiral William D. Leahy American Ambassador at
vchy reported that the French
Petain has its intention of maintaining
attitude of neutrality in the present conflict"
u. &. L. A. Beats Florida, 3O-27
JACKSONVILLE, Fla. pP-The University of California
Angeles outscored the Florida Gators 302 in rousng
ntersectona football battle today before crowd of 5000
spectators. u c. L. A. had traed at the half 1920.
Navy Gets YuIe Holiday
Christmas will be holiday for the Navy and all its
be treated as a regular work day.
Chinese Aiding Marking Regime Stage Mutiny
CHUNGKING QP-Ten thousand Chinese troops of
Japans Marking puppet regime mutined Chengchow
Just of the Yellow River the night of December 16
wounded 1000 japanese troops Central News
Agency reported tonight Later the mutnous troops dyna
mited section of the Peping Hankow Railway. The fight
ing said still to Ae In progress.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1941-12-20
Races

additional Results and Entries for
Monday on Page Az
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1941-12-20
GUIDE FOR READERS

Page.
Amusements,
Biz
Church News,
A-14-16
Christmas
Story ---A-15
Comics B.l0-l1
Editorials --A-10
Editorial
Features ALL
Finance ---A-l3
Legal
Notices ----B-S
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1941-12-20
Markets at q Glance

(See DUTCH, Page A-2)
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1941-12-20

DECENTRALIZATION, Page Az
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1941-12-20
Vichy Plans Neutrality, Leohy Reports
u. G.. L. A. Beats Florida, 3O-27
Navy Gets YuIe Holiday

Christmas will be holiday for the Navy and all its
branches Secretary Knox said today but New Day will
be treated q regular work day.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1941-12-20
Weather Forecast

Cloudy, colder tonight, lowest temperature
about 26 degrees toward morning. Temperatures
today-Highest, ~, at 2 am; lowest, Al, at
pm.
From the United etas.s ~esner sureau Report
Full Details PAGE Az
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1941-07-07
Nv Bert Henderson

Phone Want Ads TO Main 1851
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1941-07-07

MODERN foufsfoofn parity fafnlahsa
esiiAse. GOLDEN aiirfxh. BROOK
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1941-07-07

EOUND-shell-rim glasses, June
30tn litn and Commerce. Call
CasWeu Optical Company
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1941-07-07
Situations Wanted, Female

1 Osr Golden Cocker Spaniel three
/ months old Call Garland 1927
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1941-07-07

CASH Tor straight loans aud X y
contracts. Bratrud. sib Fidelity
BldE
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1941-07-07
q > &c

<fW FIFsf Pun last
Noon Quarter Moon ousrter
Juiy = july 20 Juiys JUS IS
IDsta supplied bY L. s weather
bureau. Department q Commerce
Washington forecast Fair IN
the east portion and partly cloudy
in the west portion Saturday night
and Sunday. light showers on the
coast and over the mountains
little change in temperature
gentle 10 moderate southerly winds
off the coast and over inland Wa
tiers Of the state
Rainfall in Tacoma for the -
hours ending At S a m Saturday.
none: since July l. none, a short
age Of 20 inch. since January /.
1907 inches. a shortage Of COS
inches
Wind At "a. m Saturday. south
west 5 m. ?. h; barometer At 3013
and rising OIL
sun rises AZ 4:72 and sets a.
s07 on Sunday Rises At 423
and sets at s07 on Monday.
Weather on July 3. 1910 Partly
cloudy Maximum temperature was
~ degrees and minimum 81 High
est wind velocity was Il m. 2. h.
from the southwest.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1941-07-07
CASH MONTHLY PAYMENTS
orr g Mos. ~ No. lis Mos 20 Mos.
= =, ss :, . ,s, r ~;
Il /; u; ii:i IA IA 4; 4: 4: A
& 4 /: \ \ III III II. II; II;

shown above include all
charges and II payments are made
on schedule your loan slll be fully
repaid by ths payments Indicated
You may paw your loan ahead OF
time and the cost will be reduced
since you pay charges only for the
actual time you have the money
Payments are calculated at the rate
Of a. per month on loans Of 800
or less and A. per month on that
part Of the balance over 900.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1941-07-07
Lost and Found

OSI-6resn mesh bag containing
= money. between 56th and SIND on
South Tacoma Way. 5000 South
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1941-07-07
Summer Cottages

MODERN beach lQ5ias PLUMBING
slsrtHeitg. oig Hafb9f Ms. Gould.
nft4adUas 44A1
HPHfs8 B.Acn da5. seek mo- ssason
fstsa 20 $3.50 Tor Information
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1941-07-07

1 OsT-GLAssEs advertised without
/ charge Can CasWell Optical Co
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1941-07-07
SUNDAYS TIDES

Phone Want Ads TO Main S15i
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1941-07-07

EXPERIENCED colofed woman de-
sifes cleaning isurdry by hour.
Proctor $3.50
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1941-07-07
Partly furnished House

ron nEHT=Flss -Foofa hpuss -
apsnHesY Inquire Route }. hpt
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1941-07-07
rhase waat Al. to NAia sisi
Transportation

lSnFrFSpxSr notdAR tINE 81.
tazr - e 49, e pafEiard I'D
cHaft aaHsL 1873 Haelfac
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1941-07-07
Money 10 Loan

90 UP on AUTO. FURNITURE
PIANO FTc QUICK. HELPFUL.
CONFIDENTIAL AND PEittOhAL
SERVICE SIZE " y. DoUB. TIA
RUST BLDG
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1941-07-07
Instruction
Male Help Wanted

WANTED cideflF caFctRkcr Tor hsaeh
property must uks flouefs. Nfzte
IL L.u-n.
The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, 1941-07-07

ORDER YOUR WOOD COAL, FUEL OIL-TODAY
You'll Find The Best Buys in Fuel Here Daily

ALL WOOD o C. YELLOW FIR
ALL GREEN WOOD Il" OR l6"
LENGTHS
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-08-13

where Mrs. Creighton p.
Burnham, wise and UNDER
standing superintendent, IN
making great record for
herself and her state.
They have beauty treat
ments at Tecumseh, too
as well as training courses
which receive state recognition
and licenses.
They are using every ex-
pedient which will make the
girl inmates feel that they're
regular folk" with a future
instead OF branded outcasts
d. gay, pastel colored house
dresses, made by the girls
themselves amateur the
atricals, costumed. vast and
staged by the girls d. beauty.
daintiness and good cheer in
every corner
Is that "coddling" Or Is
it smart psychology sound
economics decent HUI
manity?
WHATS the dearest treasure
w OF every sane human
being-the one thing you can
appeal 10 when all else failsY
It's his pride. isn't IL?
Now, for matter of months
or years, that erring human
being is in your care. And
it's going 10 be expensive
care. You'll have to invest
considerable time, money and
effort before the Jobs done.
So what are you going to
do with his or her most
precious and potent possession
that pride? Are you going
20 kick it around and
make your own job infinitely
tougher thereby? Would that
he an intelligent act on tbs
part Of a supposedly civil
nation?
Or are you going 10 cherish
that PRIDE develop 1t for
your mutual profit?
A week in solitary or
a new permanent which
is the better investment?
/ vote for the waves
so did that wise and loving
one 1000 years touching
the bent, shamed head that
wiped his weary feet with the
golden glory OF her hair.
Copyright. 1871. King Feature. Ia
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-08-13

SOClety-fiOneyCnle
SWingme)
vJIE Rance OF SARAWAK initiating Sapse Make Rosen
bloom of the rhumba awarded
the decision by ringders.
Sally Rand Gypsy Rose Lee coziy playing tic tao toe
tabecoth with their eyebrow pencils.
Zona snagging stocking Collaborating quick
that caused fuore than the combined Of
"IIelzapoppln' and Tobacco Road
nOROTIY DARRELL who weighed los pounds
~ confiding pounds
poached egg spinach before making grade Holly
wood.
Nobody saying Pardon YOU look like Marsie"
Marge Hart because she retained her ncognto by keeping
her silver fox
Duke Cromwell ordinary slverpated spoon In
her Notwithstanding the sherbet.
NTYRNA 10y AND ARTHUR HORNBLOW smiling each
-'A band vocalist Couldn't
Say Goodbye"
Peggy Hopkins svelte indicates she
g any wedding
Glasgow Ella Logan jerbugging the dance noor-Hop
Scotch.
Andrews Jesse celebrating seventeenth birthday
Milton Berries laughing helplessly of Bob Hopes
mprompu sallies
Betty Cradle the conga line displaying those limbs
leave you limp.
Arlene Judge sending the page boy for hot dogs and tell
ing her waiter bring mustard
Betty Hutton No tterbug meeting Barrett
Americas No. jitterbug for the very first time.
Detroit evening times. (Detroit, Mich) 1921-1958, 1941-08-13

HafaSSed Communists were
hunted down after the ReichS-
tar fire IN 1888. The GeStspo
Swooped down on Jan VslunS
Hamburg apartment. where they
found his wife. FITeIei. and his
baby son. Jan. who was held as
hostage when Firelef escaped
Later baby Jan was rescued and
Sent 10 relatives in Hanover.
Vsitin then was sent 10 Berlin
on ComIrtern business. AZ
branch hoStelry of the Y. M.
{. A.. 4. student TevoiutioniSt
tells him II you need me ask
for Herr GerdeS."